-J

HETEROPTERA OR TRUE BUGS

OF
EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

With Especial Reference to the Faunas
of Indiana and Florida

By
W. S. BLATCHLEY

Author of "Gleanings from Nature," "Coleoptera of Indiana,"

"Boulder Reveries," "Indiana Weed Book," "Orthoptera

of Northeastern America," etc., etc.

rx-^

"Although I am an insect very small,
Yet with great virtue am endow'd withall."

— Theatr. Ins.

1926

The Nature Publishing Company,
Indianapolis

"To fill the vacant mind with 'wondrous things,'
Dame Nature works in fields and floods and air.''

— Howitt's Martyr.

"Shame not to drink three Wall-lice mixt with wine,
And garlick bruised together at noon-day,
Moreover a bruised Wall-louse with an egg, repine
Not for to take, 'tis loathsome, yet full good I say.1"

— Quintus Serenus.

COPYRIGHT, 1926
By W. S. BLATCHLEY.

"Nature hath nothing made so base, but can
Read some instruction to the wisest man."

-Aleyn.

'Some men prescribe seven Wall-lice2 for to drink
Mingled with water, and one cup they think
Is better than with drowsy death to sink."3

-Theatr. Ins. 1634.

1Remedy for tertian agues. -Bedbugs. :,Remedy for lethargy.

INTRODUCTION.

This is the fourth and last of my manuals or treatises on
certain groups of the insects of Eastern North America.4
These works were conceived of necessity and brought forth
with great labor. However, they have or will perhaps justify
their existence in two ways, first by giving needed employment
for the brain of a human who by virtue of inherited tendencies
has too strong a predilection for work ; second, by furnishing
beginners in one volume a means of identifying and classifying
their specimens taken afield.

Forty and more years ago I began the collecting of
beetles, bugs, grasshoppers and their near kin, in the fields
and woods of Indiana. For a quarter of a century the work
was continued in that State whenever opportunity offered and
at all seasons of the year. In 1911 I began to pass my win-
ters in southern Florida, there to collect, between the months
of October and May, insects of the same orders. At the very
beginning of my collecting, the classification and naming of
my specimens became a serious problem. Their original de-
scriptions were scattered through hundreds of pamphlets, pe-
riodicals and books, many of which had been out of print for
scores of years. Entomological libraries were, and are still,
very scarce in the middle west, and specialists in the respective
orders were few and too busy to give much attention to the
needs of a beginner. Therefore of necessity I began also the
collecting of entomological literature, and to prepare for my
own use tables or keys of certain groups. The needs of the
tyro, based on my own experience, were ever before me, and
led to the belief that my tables and accession notes would be
of some value, hence the preparation of my "Orthoptera of
Indiana" in 1903, and "Coleoptera of Indiana" in 1910. Hav-
ing broadened my collecting field to include Florida, I also
broadened the area covered by my last three works to include
the United States east of the Mississippi River and Canada
east of the 90th Meridian. Many of the species of Heteroptera
herein treated have a much wider range, but I have included

4The other three are "The Coleoptera of Indiana," issued in 1910 ; "Rhyncho-
phora or Weevils of Northeastern America," prepared by Chas. W. Leng and myself
and issued in 1916, and the "Orthoptera of Northeastern America," issued in 1920.

M*3\

4 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

only those which have a fairly reliable record of occurrence in
the territory mentioned.

As my personal collecting has been done mainly in the
States of Indiana and Florida I have, throughout this work,
given especial attention to the local distribution of the species
occurring in those two states. Since the days of Thomas Say
very little has been written on the Heteroptera of Indiana ; in
fact nothing but a few published notes by myself ( 1895 ; 1896)
and the casual mention of a few records by Van Duzee and
others. Say (1831) published at New Harmony, Ind., a notable
paper entitled "Descriptions of New Species of Heteropterous
Hemiptera of North America," only a few copies of which are
now extant."' In this paper he described as new 135 species;
40 of these he mentioned specifically from Indiana and 14
from Florida. The others he mainly noted as "Inhabits United
States," which, I take it, would denote that they were of gen-
eral distribution throughout this country; or "Inhabits Mis-
souri," which, in 1831, comprised not only the territory of the
present State of Missouri, but that of the states northwest of it
between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. A
number of other species were described by Say in various scat-
tered papers. As his types were destroyed by fire, a few of his
species are at present unknown, others have been proven to be
synonyms, but the great majority of them are valid and com-
prise some of our best known and widely distributed forms.

The distribution of Heteroptera in Florida is much bet-
ter known than that in Indiana. Mrs. A. T. Slosson, W. T.
Davis, Van Duzee, Drake, Hubbell and others have collected
them in many parts of the State. Van Duzee (1909) pub-
lished a paper on the results of his collecting, in which he
listed with full notes 168 species, 8 of which he described as
new. H. G. Barber ( 1914) compiled and published an annotated
list of all Hemiptera recorded or known from the State up to
that time. This included 372 species of Heteroptera, 8 of
which were new. Aside from my own collecting, it is from
the records of Van Duzee and Barber in the papers mentioned,
that most of my distributional notes on the Florida species
were derived.

The literature pertaining to the Heteroptera of this coun-
try is more scattered and difficult to obtain than that of either

■"This iiaper was afterward reprinted by l»r. Asa Fitch (1857) and also by Le-
conte i 1859) and the second reference after each of Say's species in this work is tr>
the Leconte edition, which is the one at present most available to students.

CLASSIFICATION AND SYNONYMY. O

the Coleoptera or Orthoptera. Many of our species have been
described by Stal, Reuter, Signoret, Horvath, Bergroth and
other European authors in foreign periodicals. Up to 1910
about the only Americans who had studied and described the
species of this country were Say, Uhler, Van Duzee and Heide-
mann. Since that date a flood of literature by specialists in
certain groups has appeared. However the only work cover-
ing all the known species of a certain area of this country
is the "Hemiptera of Connecticut," issued under the super-
vision of Dr. W. E. Britton in 1923, and which I have found of
much aid.

As in my former works, this manual has been prepared
mainly for the use of the tyro and not for the specialist who
has a large library at his command. For that reason it has
been couched mainly in simple and easily understood language.
Characterizations of all families and of most genera are given
in some detail, with keys leading up to their treatment. Keys
to and full descriptions of all species are then given in proper
sequence. These keys are based on the more salient and
important structural or color characters separating the groups
or species to which they pertain, the primary object being
to give to the student a work by which he can readily obtain
the scientific name of the specimen in hand. In most in-
stances, to avoid repetition and save space, the characters
mentioned in the keys are not repeated in the descriptions
which follow, and the keys should, therefore, always be used
in connection with the descriptions. Moreover, the characters used
and statements made both in keys and descriptions are for the
most part to be considered as applying only to those species
occurring in the territory covered by this work. They may be,
and doubtless are, capable of much wider application, but it
is not safe to assume that such is the case.

Following the description of each species are notes on its
local habitat, general distribution, food habits, etc. These
notes are based not only upon my field accession notes, more
than 4,000 in number on the Heteroptera, but also on the data
accompanying specimens which have been loaned me for study
and on the published local lists and other works cited in the
Bibliography near the end of the volume. The synonymy of
numerous species is, however, so much confused that the gen-
eral range, as given, especially where it extends beyond the ter-
ritory covered, is to be considered as open to correction. The

6 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

dates of occurrence as given in the notes are usually the ear-
liest and latest at which the species has been noted in the
locality cited, and therefore show only approximately the
actual time of the appearance or disappearance of the imago
or mature insect.

The great majority of the species of Heteroptera treated
in this work are represented in my personal collection and,
unless otherwise stated, all types of new species described by
me are contained therein. When not so represented I have
been able to borrow examples of many named specimens from
other collectors, so that, as far as possible, I was able to study,
in connection with the original description, undoubted correct-
ly named specimens and draw up new descriptions from them.
Thus, of the first 600 species treated, I had in hand in pre-
paring the descriptions examples of all but twenty. In the
families Miridae and Corixidae, I was, however, unable to
secure specimens of a number of the species for examination
and the descriptions of these, as given, were therefore of
necessity compiled from those extant.'1 The source of the
specimens in hand as 1 prepared the descriptions is usually
given in the notes. Where not so given they were collected
by myself. Thus "Raleigh, N. Car. (Brimley)" indicates that the
specimens were taken at Raleigh and loaned or presented to
me by C. S. Brimley of that place; while "Marco, Fla., March 4
(IV. S. B.)" signifies that the specimens were taken by me at
Marco on that date. The native and established species are
numbered consecutively throughout the work, while the few
species included as adventives or whose present status is
doubtful are not numbered. The number in parenthesis fol-
lowing the serial number is that of Van Duzee's "Catalogue of
the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico," a comprehensive
reference work which has been of great use to me.

Classification. — The classification and sequence followed
in this work represent my own opinions and not those
of any previous author. There has been too much of a tend-
ency by the writers of this country to follow strictly the con-

°Of the 27 individuals from whom I asked the loan of specimens for study. 23
cordially granted me the favor, and stated that they were pleased to do so. Of the
remaining four, two wholly ignored both of the letters which I sent each of them. A
third was "too busy with his classes to spare the time to send me any specimens of
Tingitidae," while the fourth wrote: "I might loan you large numbers of Miridae,
but I will have to be satisfied that you are giving me first opportunity to work over
and describe any possible new forms in your collection. I cannot afford to loan you
specimens from my collection and have you turn and use them as a basis to recognize
new forms : not until I at least have had that opportunity. No doubt you would like
to do in ten months what it has taken me ten years to work out, but the only way
for you to travel that fast is to compile the literature."

CLASSIFICATION AND SYNONYMY. 7

elusions of Stal, Kirkaldy, Reuter and other European authors.
They, for the most part, were "closet naturalists," who studied
insects in museums or those which had been sent to them by
other parties, and which they had never seen in the field. They
therefore knew nothing of the local environments which
brought about minor changes in structure or color. Bueno
( 1909, 402) has well said: "While we should respect the work
of our predecessors, the pioneers in a sterile field, I fail to see
the necessity of following in their footsteps, stepping cautious-
ly into each footprint like Indians on the warpath."

I have raised to family or subfamily rank a number of
groups formerly regarded as subfamilies or tribes, as the dif-
ferences separating them from their allies are greater than
those separating similar divisions among the Coleoptera and
other orders of insects. Where the names I have used for the
higher groups differ materially from those used by present
day specialists, their names are given in parenthesis or are
referred to in footnotes, and the student can use them if he
so desires.

As with the higher groups so with the genera. I have not
always adopted the generic names which have been proposed
in recent years for certain of our species. A genus should be
based on certain definite and fixed structures and once so
founded all species then or thereafter assigned to that genus
should possess those structures. Strictly speaking, a genus
does not exist in nature but is only an artificial concept pro-
posed by man to enable him the more readily to group his
species. As to what really constitutes a set of generic char-
acters there are about as many individual opinions as there
are proposed or adopted genera. My reasons for rejecting or
adopting certain questionable genera are usually set forth
and the student can use his own judgment as to whether they
are sound or not.

The subgenera and other minor groups of certain authors
are not generally recognized in this work. In their place and
solely to shorten and simplify the keys I have sometimes used
"groups," usually without definite names, as they lead up
more easily and with less confusion to the main object sought
— the scientific name of the specimen in hand.

Throughout the work I have used trinomials to designate
races, varieties, variants, subspecies, incipient species and
sometimes even color varieties, usually noting which of these

8 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

minor forms I consider the third name to represent. The
name of the typical variety, if more than one exists, is not
printed as a trinomial. I thus use Eustictus tristigmus (Say),
not Eustictus tristigmus tristigmus (Say), In many cases I have
not recognized the so-called geographical races or color vari-
eties of recent authors. Where a well known species ranges
over a large area, the different environments due to altitude,
variation in mean annual temperature, atmospheric conditions,
difference in topography, drainage and soils, varied food plants
and many other causes, are sure to bring about certain changes
in its color or external structure. If only the extremes of
these variants be at hand they are often so different in appear-
ance as to cause them to be considered races or even different
species. However, where a large series from all parts of the
range are present, intermediates are almost sure to be found
and there is little use and often much resulting confusion in
giving or recognizing a name for each slightly variable form.
A geographical race, or even a species may be wholly based on
color characters alone, provided those characters are fairly
constant, as in the fixed color of an antennal joint or the pres-
ence of a cross-bar on pronotum or elytra, but to name numer-
ous color varieties based upon the variation of the amount of
fuscous or red of the pronotum or elytra, as has been done in
Paracalocoris and other genera, is nonsense. One might as well
give to each spotted dog a varietal scientific name.7

Bibliography. — The bibliography near the end of this vol-
ume is not a complete list of the works pertaining to the Het-
eroptera of Eastern North America, but contains only the
names of those works to which especial reference has been
made in the text, and a few additional ones which it was
thought might at times be of use to the student of our fauna.
In the bibliography the list of papers is arranged alphabetical-
ly by authors and each author's works chronologically by
years. Where more than one paper by the same author ap-
peared in any one year the letters a, b, c, etc., follow the year.
Thus a citation in the text to Van Duzee (1916b, 100) will
be found, by reference to the bibliography, to refer to page'
100 of his paper entitled "Monograph of the North American
Species of Orthotylus," published in the Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences, Vol. VI, No. 5, pp. 87-128.
After the name of each family, subfamily, genus and species

7See Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc. XXXII, 1!<24. p, 150.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 9

as recognized in this work, is given the name of its author or
founder with year and page number of the work where the
family or genus was founded or the species described and
named. Thus Orthotylus catulus Van Duzee, 1916b, 106, refers
to the original description of that species on page 106 of the
paper above mentioned; while Kolenetrus Barber, 1918c, 49,
means, as a reference to the bibliography will show, that the
genus Kolenetrus was founded by H. G. Barber, on page 49 of
his paper entitled "Concerning Lygaeidae — No. 2," which ap-
peared in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society,
Vol. XXVI, 1918, pp. 49-66. For the most part the names of
the authors cited are spelled out, but that of J. R. de la Torre-
Bueno has been shortened to Bueno.* No attempt has been
made to cite all the references to each species in the literature
pertaining to the Heteroptera of the region covered, as such
mention or synonymy would fill several volumes by itself. The
student is referred to the Van Duzee Catalogue above cited
for detailed reference to each species up to the year 1917, and
to the "Bibliography of the North American Hemiptera-Het-
eroptera" by H. M. Parshley for the full titles and place of pub-
lication of the great majority of the papers pertaining to the
Heteroptera of this country up to June, 1925.

Measurements. — The measurements used in this work are
given in millimeters or decimals thereof. A millimeter (mm.)
=.0394, or a little more than 1/25 of an inch. For all prac-
tical purposes it may be remembered that 2.5 mm. =1/10 inch;
3 mm.=l/8-f inch; 4 mm. =1/6+ inch; 5 mm. =1/5 inch;
7.5 mm.=3/10 inch; 10 mm. =2/5 inch; 12.5 mm. =1/2 inch;
15 mm.=3/5 inch; 17.5 mm. =7/10 inch; 20 mm.=4/5 inch.

The measurements as given are usually those of the ex-
tremes of the series at hand and thus represent fairly well
the variation in size of the different parts measured. The
length of the body in macropterous forms is taken from the
tip of the tylus to the apex of the membrane of elytra, and in
the brachypterous ones to the apex of abdomen.

Where, in the original description, the specific name was
placed by the author in a genus different from that to which
it is now referred, the name of the author or its abbreviation
is placed in parenthesis.

Illustrations. — The illustrations used in this work have
been derived from various sources, and credit is given under

sRoyal Palm Park in extreme southern Florida, where I have collected extensively,
is, in the distribution notes, also abbreviated to "R. P. Park.''

10 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

each to its author or the one who first used it. The drawings
for those marked "original" were made by Miss Mary C. Foley,
artist for the Bureau of Entomology at Washington, D. C.
Through the kindness of Dr. W. E. Britton, State Entomolo-
gist of Connecticut, I was able to borrow a number of the cuts
prepared for the "Hemiptera of Connecticut," recently pub-
lished by the Connecticut Geological and Natural History Sur-
vey. Under each of these credit is given its author and that
work.

Dr. Wm. A. Riley and Prof. A. G. Ruggles, of the University
of Minnesota, kindly loaned me such of the cuts as I desired
which were used by Otto Lugger, former State Entomologist
of Minnesota, and they are credited to Lugger or their orig-
inal author. From Dr. M. W. Blackman, Chief of the Depart-
ment of Forest Entomology at the New York State College of
Forestry, Syracuse, N. Y., I was able to secure a number of
the cuts of Heteroptera used in Technical Bulletin No. 16, pub-
lished by that Department, and credit under each of these is
given that work. Mr. Harry B. Weiss, of the State Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Trenton, N. J., kindly furnished a
number of the cuts of Tingids used by Barber and Weiss
in their "Lace Bugs of New Jersey." Dr. S. A. Forbes and
Mr. T. H. Frison, of Urbana, 111., furnished numerous cuts
used in the publications of the Illinois State Natural History
Survey, and Dr. W. J. Holland some from the Annals of the
Carnegie Museum. In addition to the above a number of illus-
trations in previously published papers on Heteroptera have
been reproduced and due credit is given the author under
each.

Acknowledgments. — When I first began to form my pri-
vate collection of Heteroptera on which this work is mainly
based, Prof. P. R. Uhler, of Baltimore, Md., was the leading
authority in this country on the group. He bore, in fact, to
our knowledge of American Heteroptera the same relation
that Leconte and Horn did to that of Coleoptera and S. H.
Scudder to Orthoptera. In other words he was the pioneer
who laid the foundation of our present knowledge of American
Heteroptera. To Uhler I sent many of the first species I col-
lected for naming and from him I received without delay the
lists of names with comments on those species which were to
him of especial interest. A few of his determinations have
since proved to be wrong, and to a number he gave "Uhler,

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 11

Ms." as the author, some of which he never described. But
to him and his published works I owe much of my early knowl-
edge of the classification of the group.

Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, then of Buffalo, N. Y., now Curator
of Entomology in the Museum of the California Academy of
Sciences, is a leading American authority on Heteroptera who
identified many species for me in former years and who has
determined others and loaned me numerous specimens during
my preparation of this work.

To Prof. H. G. Barber, of Roselle, N. J., the leading
authority on American Lygaeidae, I am indebted for many
favors, not only in the identification and loaning of specimens,
but in the solving of numerous knotty problems of synonymy
and nomenclature.

As in my works on Coleoptera and Orthoptera, so in this,
my friend and fellow naturalist, W. T. Davis, of Staten Island,
N. Y., has been of great service. Anything I wanted which he
could furnish in the way of specimens or literature he gladly
sent, and he also furnished many notes on distribution and
habits.

The work in its present form would not have been possible
had it not been for Wm. J. Gerhard, of the Field Museum of
Natural History at Chicago. He possesses one of the best pri-
vate collections of Heteroptera in this country, which was
placed at my command, and also an excellent library of the lit-
erature of the group from which he loaned me many scarce
papers by foreign authors which I could not secure elsewhere.

C. S. Brimley, Entomologist of the North Carolina State
Department of Agriculture, who is much interested in Heter-
optera, placed at my disposal their entire collection, and sent
me many specimens from that section of the country which I
otherwise might not have seen.

Prof. J. J. Davis, Chief of the Department of Entomology
at the Purdue Agricultural Experiment Station, secured for
me much literature and furnished numerous specimens from
the Station collection.

Mr. W. E. China, Curator of Hemiptera in the British Mu-
seum at London, England, sent me numerous specimens from
the collection in that Institution, and compared others for me
with the rare types therein.

Others who aided either by the loan or identification of
specimens, or both, were Dr. Herbert Osborn, Columbus, Ohio,

12 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

one of the American authorities on Hemiptera; Nathan Banks,
Curator of Insects in the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Cambridge, Mass. ; J. R. de la Torre Bueno, of White Plains,
N. Y., an authority on aquatic Heteroptera ; Dr. Wm. L. Mc-
Afee, Curator of Hemiptera in the U. S. National Museum ;
Drs. Carl J. Drake and H. H. Knight, of the Department of
Entomology, Iowa State College, specialists respectively in
Tingididae and Miridae ; Dr. S. B. Fracker, State Entomologist,
Madison, Wis. ; Harry B. Weiss, widely known Entomologist
of Trenton, N. J.; Dr. H. B. Hungerford, State Ento-
mologist and student of aquatic Heteroptera, Lawrence, Kan. ;
Dr. A. J. Mutchler and C. E. Olsen, Curators of Insects
in the American Museum of Natural History, New York City ;
Prof. C. R. Crosby, Entomologist, Cornell University, Ithaca,
N. Y.; Prof. R. F. Hussey, Washington Square College, New
York City ; Prof. T. R. Frison, Curator of Insects, State Nat-
ural History Survey, Urbana, 111. ; Prof. C. E. Mickel, Curator
of Insects, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn., and C.
A. Frost, Entomologist, Framingham, Mass.

To one and all of those mentioned and to numerous others
in a minor degree my thanks are due, and are herewith grate-
fully given for the favors shown.

Relation of the Heteroptera to Other Animals.

If we compare the body of a true bug or other insect with
that of any vertebrate animal, as a fish, bird or squirrel, we
find at once great and important differences. The vertebrate
is an animal with an inner bony skeleton, two pairs of jointed
limbs or appendages, and breathes by means of lungs or gills,
according as it dwells in air or water. The bug is an animal
which has no inner skeleton or bones whatever, but only a
hard crust on the surface which surrounds the muscles and
vital organs. This crust is composed of separate rings, placed
end to end.

Animals whose bodies are thus composed of rings are called
Articulata. They are in turn divided into two great groups, the
Vermes and the Arthropoda. The Vermes (worms) have all the
rings composing the body very nearly alike, not hardened into
an outer crust or exoskeleton, and without paired limbs which
are jointed. The Arthropods have a part of the rings bearing
paired jointed appendages, and have the cuticle or outer sur-
face consisting largely of a peculiar substance called "chitin,"

STRUCTURES USED IN CLASSIFICATION. 13

which is secreted or exuded by the cells which compose the
cuticle. Chitin itself is insoluble and is not composed of cells,
but consists of fine, irregular plates. It hardens the cuticle and
thus aids the latter in protecting delicate vital organs within,
and also in forming a framework to which the muscles of
movement may be attached. Between the joints the cuticle
is devoid of chitin and is thin, delicate and flexible, thus al-
lowing the necessary freedom of motion.

The Arthropoda are divided into four classes, as follows :

(a) Crustacea (crayfish, lobster, etc.), mostly aquatic; hav-
ing the head and thorax usually united and distinct from the
abdomen ; breathing by means of gills or directly through the
skin, the exoskeleton with carbonate and phosphate of lime in
addition to chitin.

(b) Arachnida (spiders, mites, etc.), terrestrial; head and
thorax usually combined, and bearing four pairs of legs;
breathing by means of tracheae.

(c) Myriapoda (myriapods, centipedes, etc.), terrestrial;
usually worm-like, with only the head distinct ; legs numerous ;
breathing by means of tracheae.

(d) Insecta (grasshoppers, flies, beetles, bugs, etc.), in great
part terrestrial ; legs six ; adults usually with one or two pairs
of wings; breathing by a system of tubes called tracheae,
which branch and ramify through every portion of the body,
and which open externally in about ten places on each side of
the body instead of at the front end. The rings of the body
are grouped in three regions ; the head, the thorax and the ab-
domen. In general it may be said that the head contains or
bears the organs of sense and of prehension and mastication
of food; the thorax the organs of locomotion, and the abdomen
those of reproduction.

The External Structure of a True Bug.

Having thus shown that a bug belongs to the class Insecta
it is thought best, before giving its relation to the other orders
of that class, to describe briefly the external parts of a typical
specimen. The beginner may thus the more readily grasp the
name and location of the parts used in classification, as well as
the meaning of many of the technical terms which, of neces-
sity, have to be used in such a work as this. These parts are
well set forth by Dr. H. H. Knight in the accompanying figure
from the "Hemiptera of Connecticut," though all the parts

14

HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

shown in the figure are not present in the species of many
families of Heteroptera. The three regions of the body, the
head, the thorax and the abdomen with their appendages, will

Fig. I Illustrating the External Parts of a Bug.

(After Knight, in Hemiptera of Connecticut).

STRUCTURES USED IN CLASSIFICATION. 15

therefore be considered in order and as represented in the
figure.

The Head. — The heads of Heteroptera vary much in form
and size and are composed of four or more segments or rings,
solidly fused together to form a single cavity or hard box of
chitin, known as the epicranium. This contains the brain and
accessory ganglia, and the mouth cavity. It bears or gives
support to the antennae, mouth parts, eyes and ocelli ; also in-
ternally to the muscles moving the rostrum or beak. The
broad basal portion of the epicranium back of the eyes is
known as the occiput, the narrower portion between the eyes,
the vertex, while the long, often more or less deflexed frontal
portion is the front or face. Below the front and between it
and the base of beak there are usually three more or less dis-
tinct parts, separated by sutures or grooves. The median one
of these is the tylus, sometimes called the dypeus. The parts
adjoining this on either side are known as the jugae or upper
cheeks. On the outer sides bf the jugae and in front of the
eyes are the lorac, these however being often indistinct or even
wanting. Below the eyes and between the lorae and gula or
throat are the genae or lower cheeks. The lower side of the
head is composed of the gula or throat, lying above the base of
the beak when the latter is in repose. On the front of the
gula and each side of the base of beak are usually two plates
known as the bucculae.

On the upper sides of the head are the two compound eyes.
They vary much in shape, size and convexity and are often
larger in the males than the females. of the same species. Each
is made up of many hundreds of six-sided facets or lenses, in
each of which ends a single filament of the optic nerve. Two
small simple eyes or ocelli are present in most Heteroptera, but
are absent in the largest family, the Miridae, and hence are
not shown in figure 1. They are usually situated on the ver-
tex between the basal halves of the compound eyes. These
ocelli are thought to be inherited from the obscure eyes of the
worm-like ancestry of the bug, while the many facetted com-
pound eyes of insects and crustaceans have been evolved to
satisfy the needs of the more recent existence of these groups.

The rostrum, or beak as it is called in this work, is to the bug
the most necessary external appendage of the head. It is at-
tached to the lower front part of the head, close to the tip of
the tylus and when not in use is carried flat, usually in a groove,

16

HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

along the lower part of the body and between the coxae. It
consists of two parts (fig. 2), a sheath or tube-like outer part
of horn-like chitinous texture and an inner sucking organ
proper composed of four very slender hair-like setae which are
somewhat dilated at the base. The sheath consists of an elon-
gated grooved lithium or lower portion which is divided into

segments or joints of variable
length and one to four in num-
ber, and a short upper flexible
portion covering the base of the
setae and corresponding to the
labium of other insects. The
sheath serves as a wrap or pro-
tection for the delicate setae,
and also, in some of the pre-
daceous Heteroptera, as a pierc-
ing or defensive organ. The
setae are fine flexible rods
which can be fitted closely to-
gether to form a tube. They
vary in length, sometimes be-
ing much longer than the
sheath and are capable of pro-
trusion. Their tips are very
sharp and for the most part
make almost invisible pricks in the epidermis of leaf or larvae
of insects. Usually they alone are used in piercing the object
used as food. The outer pair are generally barbed near the
tips and when inserted in a victim readily maintain their hold.
Sometimes the struggles of the prey pull the setae out of and
to one side of the sheath. The bug then releases its hold and
draws the beak between the front tarsi, in the same manner
that an ant cleans its antennae, thus forcing the setae back
within the sheath. The relative length of the beak and of its
segments are much used in the classification of the Heterop-
tera.

The antennae of a bug are usually inserted in shallow cavities
on the front or sides of the head and articulate with the latter
by a ball and socket joint. In the aquatic forms they are
shorter than the head and are generally concealed in small
pockets or cavities on the under side of the head. They
are usually composed of only four or five segments which vary

Fig. 2. Beak of Nezara viridula (L.).
A, dorsal view with setae pulled out from
sheath ; B, same with setae in normal
position within sheath ; 7, labrum ; H,
labium: m , mandible: mx, maxillae; s,
setae within sheath, their tips protrud-
ing; C. tip of mandible greatly enlarged,
showing barbed tip. (After Drake).

STRUCTURES USED IN CLASSIFICATION. 17

much in relative length and thickness and this variation is
extensively used in classification.

The Thorax and its Appendages. — The middle region of
the body of a bug or other insect is called the thorax. To study
its parts aright, the wings and legs attached to it should be
removed, when it will be seen to consist of three rings or seg-
ments. These are known as the prothorax, mesothorax and meta-
thorax. Within these rings are located the muscles for moving
the wings and legs, as well as some of the digestive organs.

The prothorax of the bug usually has its entire dorsal sur-
face, and sides in great part, covered by a large piece known
as the pronotum. This varies much in shape and size in the
different families of Heteroptera. Its upper surface is called
the disk, and its deflexed sides or flanks the propleura. The outer
edges separating the propleura from the disk are the lateral
margins. These are sometimes carinate or raised and sharp
and are often sinuate, toothed or crenate. The disk is often
divided crosswise by a groove or impressed line, thus forming
two divisions or lobes. The front one of these sometimes has
a second impressed line or stricture just behind its apex, the
area in front of this being known as the collar. On the upper
surface of the front lobe, or front portion of the disk, are
often two slightly elevated, usually smooth areas known as
callosities or colli. The angles where the lateral margins of
the disk meet the hind margin of the pronotum are known
as the lateral or humeral angles, but are sometimes called the
humeri. The under or ventral side of the prothorax is a nar-
row, somewhat movable piece called the prosternum. Near its
outer ends are shallow sockets in which are attached the coxae
of the front pair of legs. Between the bases of these coxae is
a triangular piece known as the prosternal xyphus.

The mesothorax and metathorax, the second and third segments
of the thorax, are, in the bug, rather firmly united with the
basal abdominal segment of the abdomen to form a firm walled
box. Lying immediately above the mesothorax is the meso-
seutum. This is usually covered by the hind lobe of pronotum
and base of outer wings, though sometimes it is partly ex-
posed as in figure 1. To the mesothorax are attached the elytra.
or outer pair of wings and the second or middle pair of legs.
To the metathorax are joined the inner wings and the third or
hind pair of legs. The under or ventral portion of these seg-

18 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

ments are called respectively the mesosternum and metasternum,
and their side pieces the meso- and metapleura.

In most of the plant-feeding Heteroptera there is present
each side on the inner end of the metapleuron and near the
hind coxa a small opening known as the osteole (or ostiole). It is
usually borne upon a somewhat elevated and delimited area
of the metapleuron known as the osteolar peritreme. This osteole
is the external orifice of the stink gland, and through it is
emitted at the will of the bug a liquid or vapor which gives
off the characteristic odor of the insect. The visible portion
of the osteole varies greatly in form. Sometimes the rim of
the opening is expanded to form an auricle or is prolonged out-
wardly as an open canal-like duct. Again, the opening may be
at the end of a closed tube which extends outwardly on the
peritreme for some distance from the coxa. These variations
are used extensively in the classification of the Scutelleridae,
Anthocoridae and other families.

Behind the pronotum and lying above the meso- and meta-
thorax and between the bases of the outer wings is the scutellum
or shield. This, in the Heteroptera, is usually much larger and
better developed than in other insects, sometimes covering al-
most the entire abdomen and outer wings. It is usually more
or less triangular in shape and, in certain families, its side
margins are furnished with a ridge or fold known as the fre-
iiiaii on which in repose the inner edge of the clavus rests. The
shape, size and sculpture of the scutellum are much used in
classification.

The outer or front wings of the Heteroptera are known as
hemelytra (or in this work as elytra). They differ greatly in
texture and form from the inner ones and this, taken in con-
nection with their peculiar structure, gives name to the order,
the word Heteroptera meaning "diverse-winged." They close
above and in great part or wholly cover the abdomen, the basal
portion being more or less horny in texture, the apical one
usually membranous and overlapping. The thicker basal por-
tion of the elytron is divided into two parts, the corium or larger
outer portion and the clavus or narrow part lying next to the
scutellum and separated from the corium by the claval suture.
In the Miridae and allied families (fig. 1) the outer or costal
part of the corium is usually sharply delimited by a suture and
is called the embolium, while the apical triangular portion of
the corium is separated by the fracture and is known as the

STRUCTURES USED IN CLASSIFICATION.

19

cuneus. Where the two clavi (plural of clavus) meet behind the
apex of scutellum their suture or line of union is known as the
commissure. The membrane, or apical membranous portion of
the elytron, is usually veined, and in certain families, as the
Miridae, the veins unite to form one or more closed cells or
areoles. The elytra in some of the individuals of many species
of Heteroptera are often abbreviated. These are termed
brachypterous forms and in them the membrane, and sometimes
the clavus, is often absent or much shortened.

The inner or hind wings of a bug are almost wholly mem-
branous and are little used in classification. When at rest they
are folded across the apical portion and concealed beneath the
elytra.

The legs of a bug are six in number, arranged in pairs, one
pair being joined to each of the divisions of the thorax. They
are composed of five parts, viz. : the coxa or basal segment
which in the terrestrial families is united by a ball and socket
joint to the thorax; the trochanter, a small triangular segment
united to the base of femur and apical part of coxa ; the femur,
a long and usually stout segment which is often more or less
clavate and toothed or spined beneath ; the tibia, also long but
more slender, and usually with two or more rows of slender
spines or setae, and the tarsus or foot, which is composed of
one to three movable joints, the terminal one usually end-
ing in a pair of claws. In
many species the claws
have attached to their
bases a pair of slender
appendages known as
aro/ia, and sometimes an
accessory pair of pseuda-
rolia. In many species
of predaceous bugs the
front tarsi and femora
are raptorial or armed
beneath and otherwise
modified to form (fig. 3)
grasping or prehensile
organs, which are used to
catch and hold their prey. In the aquatic bugs part or all of
the tibise are often more or less flattened and beset with nu-
merous ciliae for aid in swimming.

Fig. 3. Prehensile fore legs of bugs, a, of a
hog-louse : b, of a soldier bug, Podisus ; c, of an
ambush bug, Phymata. (After Lugger).

20 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

The Abdomen. — The abdomen or hind portion of the body of
a bug is composed of nine or ten more or less complete seg-
ments, so united as to be movable in a small degree. Each
segment is composed of two parts, a tergum or upper portion,
and a ventral or under piece. The ventral of the first or basal
abdominal segment is united firmly to that of the metathorax.
Seven or eight of the ventral segments of the bug have a small
opening near the ends or lateral margins. These are spiracles
or external openings of tubes which serve as air passages. The
side margins of the abdomen in the Heteroptera are usually
more or less flattened and expanded to form the connexivum (see
fig. 17), the upper and lower surfaces of the abdomen proper
meeting along its inner edge.

The eighth and ninth ventrals of the bug are more or less
modified in both sexes. In the female they are known as genital
segments and in many species each bears a pair of processes so
modified as to form an ovipositor. This serves both as a cut-
ting instrument to make slits in the epidermis of plants and
also as a tube-like organ to place the eggs therein. In repose
the ovipositor is in great part concealed. In the male the last
ventral is modified to form a secondary sexual organ, also
known as the genital segment. It bears a pair of clasping
organs, the variations of which are, by some authors, much
used in classification.

The above constitute the more important external parts of
a true bug, the characters of which are used in determining
the name and position of any member of the order Heterop-
tera. As will be seen in the pages which follow, these different
parts vary much in size and in form, but the names given to
them apply as well to the members of one family as to an-
other. By referring to the accompanying figures, and by ob-
serving carefully the parts of the specimen in hand, the be-
ginner need have little hesitation in deciding as to whether the
description agrees with that specimen.

In order to simplify and shorten the keys and descriptions in
the main body of this work I have used in a modified form
many of the terms above mentioned. I thus use beak for ros-
trum, cheeks for jugae, elytra for hemelytra, joint for segment,
and antennal, dorsal, ventral, connexival, tarsal, etc., for the
different segments or divisions of the parts to which they per-
tain.

relations and habits of heteroptera. 21

The Relation of Heteroptera to Other Insects

All true insects can be separated into one or the other of
two great groups, based upon the kind of changes or trans-
formations which they undergo before reaching the adult or
winged stage. To one group, the Metabola, belong those in-
sects which undergo what is called a complete metamorphosis. In
this group there are four distinct stages, the egg, larval, pupal
and imago, in the order named.

The second group, the Heterometabola, comprises those in-
sects in which the metamorphosis is incomplete; the young, when
hatched from the egg being wholly wingless and of the same
general form as the parent. As the insect grows it moults its
skin a number of times and wings develop gradually, there be-
ing no sharp line defining the larval and pupal stages. The
young of all stages are called nymphs and continue active and
feed from the time of hatching until they reach the final moult
and emerge therefrom mature or in the imago stage.

It is to this second group, the Heterometabola, whose members
undergo an incomplete metamorphosis, that the Heteroptera,
the order of which this paper treats, belong. From other
orders of the group as the Orthoptera or locusts, Odonata or
dragonflies, etc., the Heteroptera may be known by having the
wings, when present, four in number, more or less net veined, the
outer or front pair more horny than the hind ones, folding flat on the
hack, their apical portion more membranous than the basal one ; front of
head not touching the coxae ; mouth parts sucking, consisting of a pro-
boscis or movable beak -which, when at rest, is concealed beneath the
body. The members of the order Homoptera possess a some-
what similar beak, and they and the Heteroptera are usually
considered as suborders of the order Hemiptera. However in
the Homoptera the outer wings cover the abdomen in a roof-
like manner and are usually of the same texture throughout ;
while the front of the head is much inflexed so that in repose
it is in contact with the front coxae. These and other differ-
ences lead me to treat the Heteroptera as a separate and dis-
tinct order.

Habits of Heteroptera.

Food and Mating Habits. — The food and mating habits of
the Heteroptera are almost as diversified as the species them-
selves. Uhler (1884, 205) has well said: "They are either
aerial, terrestrial, riparian, or aquatic. Some pass their lives

22 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

in the upper parts of trees, others chiefly on the lower limbs;
still others prefer the protection of roots, stones, or rubbish
on the ground ; a large number of species select a home beneath
the surface of the earth, often in the holes of ants or other
insects ; a conspicuous assemblage of dull-colored forms occurs
only in the crevices or under the bark of trees and shrubs ;
while a host of others skim over the surface of placid waters,
and a few are found remote from land upon the rarely disturbed
waves of the tropical and sub-tropical oceans."

In this work the general habitat and food habits of each
group are briefly treated in the notes under the family or
generic heading, and those of the species in the notes following
the description. Those species which are plant feeders occur
on or near their host plant. Some are to be found on the
ground hidden beneath dead leaves and other debris about or
between its roots ; others on the lower leaves or, if it be a tree
or shrub, in the crevices of or beneath the bark ; still others
higher up on the flowers or leaves of the upper branches. The
predaceous species, which feed upon caterpillars and other
larvae, are liable to be found anywhere that their prey occurs,
while the subaquatic and aquatic forms are usually found only
near, within, or upon the surface of water. However, the
adults of some aquatic species, especially during the mating
season, fly freely to light.

In the keys to families and elsewhere in this work certain
terms are used to signify in one word the general or local habitat
of the group or species, and also the character of its food.
Thus, aquatic means living /'// the water; semiaquatic, on the sur-
face of water; subaquatic, or hygrophilous, close to the water,
along the margins of ponds, streams, marshes, etc. ; littoral, liv-
ing on the sandy or mucky shores of oceans, lakes or streams ;
maritime, on the waters of the ocean ; submaritimc, along its
shores ; subterrestrial, living beneath the ground ; terrestrial, living
on the surface of the ground or on herbs or low shrubs close
thereto (sometimes, in a more general sense, the opposite of
aquatic); thamnophilous, living on shrubs; arboreal, on trees.
Terms relating to food habits are phytophagous, leaf-eating or
vegetable feeders; predaceous or predatory, searching for and
feeding upon other forms of insect or lower form of animal life ;
parasitic, living and preying upon man or other animals.

As with the Coleoptera, it will be found that the best collect-
ing grounds are along the sides of lanes, roads and cultivated

HABITS OF HETEROPTERA. 23

fields. Few species occur in dense woodland, and those mainly
on the boles of trees, in the moss growing on or about their
roots or in bunches of dead leaves which have collected in the
forks of their branches. Many species fly to light, especially
during the mating season.

In mating the terrestrial bugs mostly pair end to end. How-
ever, in the Phymatidae, and perhaps other families, the male
mounts the back of the female as in the Coleoptera. Their
eggs are deposited on or near the host plant, and after hatch-
ing the young moult or change the outer skin four or five
times, at intervals of a few days each, to become adults.
Growth is thereby permitted, the wing pads and body after
each moult become one size larger and aside from size and
absence of wings, there is usually but a slight difference to be
noted between nymphs of the last two stages and the adults.

Defensive Habits. — When approached or disturbed many
species of bugs feign death, folding their antennae and legs
closely beneath the body and therefore, if above the ground,
tumble thereto. Others are very alert, quickly flying when
alarmed, while some of the ground frequenting species, as the
long-necked Myodocha serripes (Oliv.), when uncovered run
swiftly to a new hiding place beneath nearby debris. When
handled, or often when captured in the sweep net or beaten
into an umbrella, those species with osteola present emit their
characteristic defensive odor. In many species this odor is
not unpleasant, and that of some has been likened to the smell
given off by a ripe pear. In the family Pentatomidae or "stink-
bugs" and Coreidae or squash-bugs it is, however, notorious
and offensive. Birds, and people too, for that matter, soon
learn to avoid the bugs which excrete this odor. Many a boy,
while berry hunting in the country, has clapped a number of
berries into his mouth, only to experience a smarting sensation
and a nauseating taste, brought about by the acidulous liquid
from the glands of a stink-bug which accompanied the berries.
In this way, if in no other, the boy learned the virtues of the
protective principles possessed by the stink-bug tribe and
future stink-bugs, if not the one in the mouth, profited as a
result. Birds probably learn to avoid the use of stink-bugs as
food in much the same manner ; though, like many other traits
of the lower animals, this knowledge may in them be instinctive
rather than acquired.

The beak of many species of bugs is used as a defensive

24 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

organ against humans and probably other animals. This is
especially true of the larger predaceous species belonging to
the families Reduviidae and Naurocoridae. When picked up
and handled without care they can and often do pierce the
fingers, inflicting a deep wound which is more painful and last-
ing than that of the sting of a bald hornet. The beak of these
larger forms is also often used to kill and hold their prey.

The Heteroptera apparently have few natural enemies among
the higher forms of life. Birds as a rule avoid them on ac-
count of their offensive odor, but spiders appear to pay little
attention to this, as I have taken several rare species from
their maws or webs. Like the Orthoptera they are attacked
by several kinds of mites, the most common of which is a red
species of Trombidinm. I have found it attached to a number
of species of bugs, even to that most slender-bodied form,
Hydrometra martini Kirk. They are also, during long spells of
warm moist weather, often attacked by vegetable fungi.

The Collecting and Preservation of Heteroptera.-'

As will be noted in the pages which follow, each species of
Heteroptera has its favorite local habitat or chosen haunt, the
place where it finds the struggle for existence least fierce, food
most abundant, protection or concealment from its enemies
most easy. Here the collector will find that species most
abundant and for the beginner a few directions for its capture
and preservation will perhaps be useful.

Insect Nets. — The most efficient device for taking the
majority of forms of Heteroptera is a strong sweep net. The
frame of the folding steel landing net made for fishermen and
sold in most sporting-goods houses serves admirably for the
frame of a sweep net. When unfolded it should have a
diameter of about 16 inches ; and the handle should be prefer-
ably of one piece and not over 30 inches long. The bag should
be made of heavy unbleached muslin and should be 20 to 24
inches in depth. Such a net can be easily used with one hand
both in sweeping from side to side herbs and small shrubs as
one walks leisurely along, or it can be used more forcibly in
quick upward sweeps against the branches of larger shrubs and
trees, thus jarring the insects into the net, where they can be
captured with fingers or forceps, or by placing the mouth of
the killing bottle quickly over them. This net also serves well

'For more detailed directions on this subject see Torre Hueno (1925).

METHODS OF COLLECTING HETEROPTERA. 25

instead of an umbrella as a beating receptacle. For this pur-
pose it is held under the foliage with one hand while the limb
is struck a quick, sharp downward blow with a strong stick.
The sweep net serves best in the capture of such Heteroptera
as do not fly quickly and which are resting, for the most part
invisible until caught, on the foliage of herbs and shrubs.
These include most of the terrestrial leaf -eating species. The
one disadvantage in the use of the sweep net is that it prevents
the host plant from being definitely known, unless, as is seldom
the case, the vegetation is of a single species.

For the taking of Cydnidae, Lygaeidae and other ground-
frequenting species, especially during the months from October
to April, a sifting net will be found of great service. Many
species can be taken with it which would probably be missed
otherwise. It is easily made by taking a circular piece of wire
netting about nine inches in diameter and with a mesh of one-
fourth or one-half inch, and fastening to it firmly a piece of
heavy unbleached muslin, so as to make a cylindrical bag 15
to 18 inches in length. To the top of the bag should be at-
tached a ring of heavy wire of the same diameter as the bot-
tom, this being held in one hand the other used to grasp the
bottom and shake it back and forth or up and down over a
newspaper, piece of canvas or other receptacle spread out on
a level piece of ground. The sifting should be done when the
sun is shining, and close watch should be kept for any move-
ment amidst the fine debris which passes through the bottom
of the net. Many of the insects will immediately try to escape
by running swiftly to the sides of the receptacle, but others
feign death, often for several moments, then begin to kick or
heave the debris, thus disclosing their presence. The sifting of
moss or vegetable debris about the roots of trees or that
beneath boards, partially decayed logs, piles of weeds, dry
and desiccated cow or horse dung, and other similar matter
will often result in the taking of many species not otherwise
obtainable. Especial attention should be given to the roots of
large clumps of dead grass. They should be held over the
newspaper or receptacle and thoroughly pulled apart and the
resulting debris then sifted. I have taken many rare species
of hibernating bugs and beetles from such clumps of grass.

The use of a water net is indispensable for the taking of
most aquatic Heteroptera. A form with bottom of copper
wire and sides of light linen crash is sold by supply houses, but

26 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

it is rather cumbersome and unwieldy. Bueno describes one
used by him as follows :

"The net ring should be of heavy wire and between 8 and 9 inches
in diameter; the necessary length of wire is about 33 to 36 inches. Bend
the two ends of the wire 4 inches from the tip at about right angles,
then bend the wire to form the ring, so that the straightened ends will
be parallel to each other. These ends should then be put into a brass or
copper tube about one-half to three-fom-ths inches inside diameter, the
latter being the better size, and about twice as long as the straight
ends. The latter are fastened into the tube by pouring in melted lead.
To prevent this from running out, a short cork is driven in from the lower
end until it touches the tips of the ring ends. Any stick about six feet
long will do for a handle. To prevent the net from being pulled off
the handle, a small (one-eighth inch diameter) hole is drilled through the
tube and an ordinary brass screw-eye is screwed into the handle through
the hole. The net proper is made of stout brussels netting. The upper
part binding around the ring is of heavy unbleached muslin and about
4 to 6 inches deep, the netting being about 4 inches deep only. Such a
net as this is very strong and little likely to get tangled and torn on
rocks or stumps in the water."

The ordinary butterfly or insect net with bag of gauze,
brussels or mosquito netting is little used in the capture of
Heteroptera, except for wary or quick flying species such as
the Saldidae and some Miridae. The one advantage in its use
is that the insect is visible when captured, whereas one must
open the sweep net and peer into its depths, thus giving many
a fine specimen a chance to dart out and away.

For the tree-inhabiting Heteroptera beating into an umbrella
or into the sweep net above described is an excellent method of
capture. Care should be taken in sorting over the debris which
falls into the umbrella, as many species cling closely to the
small twigs and are apt to be thrown out. If this debris be
thrown onto a rubber blanket and then gone over a second time
numerous specimens will often be found. In winter or early
spring the beating of dead limbs, bunches of dead vines or
leaves, clumps of Spanish moss and other accumulated rubbish
in the forks of the branches will often bring down many hidden
or hibernating species.

The larger Pentatomids, Coreids, etc., are often visible, cling-
ing to leaf or twig and are easily taken by holding the mouth
of a large bottle beneath them and letting them tumble into it.
Many subaquatic or hibernating species are to be found cling-
ing to the under side of boards or stones, or resting in the
rubbish beneath them. These can be easily taken with the
fingers, or preferably a pair of forceps, if one does not care to

METHODS OF COLLECTING HETEROPTERA.

27

run the risk of a severe wound by their ever ready defensive
beaks. In fact, the true bugs, like the beetles, are to be looked
for almost everywhere, the main requisites for a good day's
capture being a quick eye and a search in all sorts of strange
and unlikely places.

Killing Bottles. — After capturing a specimen for a cabinet
it is best to kill it as quickly as possible before its antennae,
legs or other delicate appendages are broken. This is best ac-
complished by the cyanide bottle which is made by placing in
a large mouthed bottle, preferably of the form shown in figure
4, small broken pieces of potassium or sodium cyanide to a
depth of two-thirds of an inch. Cover this with about one-half

inch of plaster paris. Moisten the
latter with just enough water to
cause it to set and hold the cya-
nide in place. Then cover with two
thicknesses of blotting paper so cut
as to closely fit the inside of
the bottle. Keep the bottle tightly
corked and in a place where children
cannot reach it, as the cyanide in any form
is a most deadly poison. Any bug placed
in the bottle will usually be killed in
a few minutes. Several bottles of dif-
ferent sizes for both large and small
specimens should be taken on each
day's trip. After six months or more
the cyanide usually loses its poison-
ous qualities and must be renewed or
the bottle discarded for a fresh one.
The cork for the bottle should be
long, to make it easy to take out and
put in. To support the insects narrow
( Vi - Vh inch) strips of any absorbent
paper should be put into the bottle.
The paper also absorbs any moisture
the insects give off. A little of the
Fig. 4. a cyanide bottle with curled paper should be packed down,

paper strips enclosed to keep the x- r- i

insects from jostling too freely. not too tightly, and the rest put in

(After Banks). ° J ' c

loosely, about halfway up the bottle.
When the insect falls in, it falls among the coils and seldom
gets away. The cyanide bottle, after being used several times,

28 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

will often be found to contain much moisture. It should then
be wiped out with dry cotton and new pieces of blotting paper
substituted for the moist ones.

The use of a liquid known as carbon tetrachloride instead of
cyanide as the killing agent is recommended by Bueno. It is
nonpoisonous, quick and certain of action. Of its use he says :
"A wad of absorbent cotton is put at the bottom of the tube or
bottle, wet, but not dripping, with the tetrachloride. This is held in
place by two or three blotting paper disks, or by one of thin sheet cork.
It is well to put in another piece of cork or blotting paper about one-
half to three-fourths inch above the charge to form a gas chamber. The
upper partition may be held up by a short (% inch) length of glass tub-
ing slightly smaller than the inside dimension of the bottle or tube. In
hot weather evaporation of the tetrachloride is rapid and it condenses
on the sides of the tube, wetting the insects. This gas chamber prevents
the sweating and also makes the bottle last longer. Such bottles are
ready for use as soon as prepared and will last for quite some time —
as much as five or six expeditions. These bottles have many advantages
over cyanide. They are clean, absolutely harmless, not unpleasant in
odor, easily prepared, full strength until completely exhausted, and from
the point of view for their purpose, absolutely quick and efficient. In-
sects may be left in over night and will be quite flexible the next day.
And finally, small, delicate forms may be put into smaller tubes, and
the gas from the tetrachloride tube poured in (it being heavier than air).
In this way Mirids and other delicate forms may be kept separate and
quite dry. Its perfect harmlessness makes it ideal for the use of students
and young collectors. Tetrachloride is cheap and easily obtained. It is
not affected by the laws governing the sale of poisons."

After the day's collecting the specimens should be either
mounted or, if away from home, packed for carrying or ship-
ment. The larger ones are best transported by placing them
between thin layers of felt, or of cotton separated by layers
of tissue paper, in small pasteboard boxes, and these then
packed firmly in small cigar boxes. If in a moist climate and
packed too closely they are apt to mold in a short time. The
smaller ones can be transported easily by placing a few speci-
mens in Nos. 1 or 0 ordinary gelatine capsules with a small
wad of cotton or tissue paper placed above them (not too
closely) to hold them firmly in place. The harder bodied forms
may also be transported in small vials of alcohol.

Labelling Specimens. — With each layer of specimens in
a box or in each capsule place a label giving the date and place
of capture and an accession number referring to a similar num-
ber in a notebook. This number in the book should be followed
by any special data regarding the occurrence, food plant or
other information concerning the specimens which may be of

LABELLING AND PINNING HETEROPTERA. 29

value in the future. When mounted, each pin should bear
below the insect a locality and date label and also the accession
number referring to the notebook data. Without such labels
a specimen is of little scientific value. I would at any time
rather have a label without a specimen than A specimen with-
out a label.

Dried specimens can be relaxed sufficiently for mounting by
placing between thoroughly moistened layers of blotting paper
in a tightly closed box or other receptacle for 10 or 15 hours.
If the weather is very warm a drop or two of carbolic acid
or alcohol had best be sprinkled over the blotting paper. The
mold or grease on specimens can be removed by using a camel's
hair brush and alcohol to which a few drops of carbolic acid
have been added, or they can be immersed and soaked in
carbon tetrachloride.

Pinning Specimens. — In pinning a specimen of Heteroptera
for the cabinet care should be taken to so locate and pass the
pin as to hold it firmly, avoid the breaking of legs or the spread-
ing of wings and, at the same time, not interfere with its
future study. By experience I have learned that this is best
clone by passing the pin through the basal third of pronotum,
inclining the point slightly backward so that it will pass
through the meso- or metasternum and between the coxae,
thereby holding the specimen rigidly in place. A No. 1 or 2
standard insect pin is sufficiently large for most of the true
bugs.

The smaller species of Heteroptera, including most Lygaeidae
and Miridae, through which a No. 1 pin cannot be passed with-
out injury, should be mounted, as is the
beetle in fig. 5, with transparent glue or
shellac on the tip of a small narrow tri-
angular card or point through the base of
which a pin has been run. Only a very
small amount of the glue is necessary, it
being most readily applied to the card with
, the tip of a wooden toothpick. The legs

Fig. a. Showing method ^ r

of gluing an insect on a should be carefully spread before mount-
paper point. J ^

(After Bank. i. jng ancj ^he body then pressed down firmly

on the glued card, which should be placed at right angles on the
left side of the pin with the head of the insect away from the
person. The points can, with a little practice, easily be cut by
a small pair of scissors from a strip of heavy drawing paper

30 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

as wide as the length of the point. The best glue which I have
found for mounting is Kay's "Coaguline," which does not de-
teriorate with age and when too thick is thinned by the simple
addition of a drop or two of water. It is made at Stockport,
England, and comes in two-ounce vials. Bueno recommends a
glue "made of clear white granulated cooking gelatine dissolved
in glacial acetic acid and fairly thick."

Museum Pests. — All soft-bodied Heteroptera are subject
to the attacks of museum insect pests, such as Dermestids, etc.
They should, as far as possible, be kept in insect-proof boxes.
Flakes of naphthaline kept in each box will usually serve as
a repellant for such pests. Each box should be examined
three or four times a year, and if by dust, exuvia or other
debris, the presence of pests is indicated, a few drops of carbon
bisulphide should be poured in the box and the lid quickly
closed. The vapor of this will soon destroy the eggs, larvae
or other living form of any pest. However, its vapor is ill-
smelling, poisonous and easily inflammable, and a safe and
equally effective remedy is proposed by Bueno. It is the
paradichlor-benzine, used by horticulturists in killing peach
tree borers. A little of this dissolved in carbon tetrachloride
and poured into the box will soon vaporize and the vapor
quickly kill all living forms therein.

"Joy's soul lies in the doing,
And the rapture of pursuing
Is the prize."

KEY TO SUBORDERS OF HETEROPTERA.

31

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE ORDER

HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN

NORTH AMERICA.

The Order Heteroptera, as defined on page 21, was founded
by Latreille in 1810 as a suborder of Hemiptera. It com-
prises about 14,000 known species and in geological time dates
back to the Lower Permian era. Van Duzee (1917) lists about
1,500 species from America north of Mexico, and nearly 300
have since been described from that region. The order as
defined may be separated into two major divisions or sub-
orders, as follows :

Fig. 6. Structures used in classification of Heteropteron Families, a, Elytron
of Xaeogeidae ; b, of Coriscidae ; c, of Lygaeida? : d, of Pyrrhocorida? ; c, of Meso-
velidae ; f, of Saldidae ; </, of Tingitidae ; h, of Mirida? ; i, antenna? of Pentatomidae ;
./. of Xaeogeidae ; fc, side view of head of Coreidae ; I, of Lygseidae ; m, raptorial
front leg of Xabidae : a, front tarsus of Gerridae. (After Parshley in Psycho).

KEY TO SUBORDERS OF HETEROPTERA

a. Antennae as long as or longer than head, always plainly visible;
hind coxae nearly globose,1" partly received in cavities or sockets,
and therefore capable of rotatory movement; hind femora not
grooved; osteola usually present. Habitat mainly terrestrial,
sometimes semiaquatic. Suborder I. GYMNOCERATA, p. 32.
aa. Antennae shorter than head and concealed in grooves or pockets on
its under side11 (fig. 207, b) ; hind coxa? usually somewhat elongate
and (except in the family Nepidae) not set in cavities, but hinged
to the metasternum ; femora often grooved for the reception of
the tibiae in repose; osteola absent. Habitat aquatic or semi-
aquatic. Suborder II. CRYPTOCERATA, p. 1018.

llpExcept in the family Saldidae. "Visible in the Ochterida?.

32 KEY TO SUPERFAMILIES OF GYMNOCERATA.

Suborder I. GYMNOCERATA Fieber, 1851.

This suborder, as above defined, is separated into super-
families (groups of families) or families, as follows:

KEY TO SUPERFAMILIES AND FAMILIES OF SUBORDER GYMNOCERATA.18

a. Antennae 5-jointed,,:: joint 1 thickened, 2 slender; (fig. 6, i) ; ocelli

present; margin of head thickened above the insertion of an-
tennae; scutellum large, often extending beyond middle of abdo-
men; length more than 2.7 mm.

Superfamily SCUTELLEROIDE^, p. 34.
aa. Antennae 4-jointed'4 (disregarding minute ring segments and an-
tenniferous tubercles).

b. Claws all apical; last tarsal joint with tip entire.

c. Head shorter than pronotum, including the scutellum ; pronotum
and scutellum present, the latter sometimes minute.
d. Elytra without a cuneus.
e. Front legs not raptorial; head rarely cylindrical; prosternum
without a median longitudinal stridulatory groove between the
front coxae.
/. Beak 4-jointed, the first joint often very short.
y. Tarsi 3-jointed; body not strongly flattened both above and
below.
/;. Ocelli present (except in the genus Cnemodus of the family
Lygaeidse) .
i. Body and appendages not extremely slender; antennae not

as in it.
j. Membrane with numerous more or less anastomosing veins
(fig. 6, b) ; antennae inserted high, usually above a line
drawn from the middle of the eye to the front end of buc-
cuke (fig. 6, k). Superfamily COREOIDEjE, p. 207.

jj. Membrane with four or five simple veins, usually arising
from the base (fig. 6, c) ; antennae inserted low on the
sides of the head, usually below or on a line drawn from
the middle of the eye to the front end of bucculae (fig.
6, /) ; elytra sometimes brachypterous; length variable,
less than 15 mm. Terrestrial; mainly phytophagous.

Family XL Lyg,£ID;£, p. 336.

'-This key is frankly artificial and the superfamilies as named do not always
comprise the same families as are recognized by Van Duzee in his catalogue. 1 have
found it impossible to draw up a dichotomous key of the higher groups and super-
families as founded by Reuter (1910; 1912b), and at the same time make it in-
telligible for beginners. As it is. a number of exceptions are necessary. Many of the
families as here isolated possess aberrant characters very different from their allies
in the superfamilies to which they are usually ascribed, and therefore of necessity
cannot follow consecutively in the key the order in which they appear in the text.
The key is based mainly on maeropterous adults, and allowances must be made for
brachypterous forms.

'■'Except in some species of Corimclcena and Amnestus.

1 ' Five -jointed in the genera Noeogeus of the Nseogeidae and Pagasa of
Nabidse ; 8 jointed in Rhiqinia of the Keduviidse.

KEY TO SUPERFAMILIES OF GYMNOCERATA. 33

ii. Body and appendages linear, extremely slender; antennae
elbowed at end of joint 1, the latter clavate; eyes distant
from base of head ; apical half of femora clavate. Ter-
restrial or thamnophilous ; probably phytophagous.

Family X. Neidid^e, p. 331.
hh. Ocelli absent; membrane with two large cells at base from
which extend seven or eight branching veins (fig. 6, d) ;
osteola absent; length, 8 — 18 mm. Terrestrial or tham-
nophilous; phytophagous.

Family XII. Pyrrhocorid^e, p. 437.
gg. Tarsi 2-jointed; body usually strongly flattened, both above
and beneath.
k. Elytra not lace-like or closely reticulate to form cells with
membranous centers.
I. Ocelli absent; body not covered with pile; membrane usual-
ly with veins ; claws without arolia ; length, 2.5 — 9 mm.
Arboreal, living beneath bark.

Family IX. Aradid^e, p. 287.
//. Ocelli present; antennae 4- or 5-jointed, joints 1 and 2
thicker than the others (fig. 6, j) ; body densely clothed
with a very short velvety pile; clavus almost similar in
texture to the membrane, the latter without veins (fig.
6, «) ; head and thorax sulcate beneath; length not more
than 2.5 mm. Hygrophilous or semiaquatic; predaceous.
Family XXI. N.eogeid,e, p. 605.
kk. Elytra lace-like or closely reticulated to form areolae or cells,
these usually with a membranous center (fig. 6, g) ; length,
less than 5 mm. Terrestrial, thamnophilous or arboreal ;
phytophagous. Superfamily TINGIDOIDE^E, p. 445.

ff. Beak 3-jointed.
m. Tarsi 2-jointed; ocelli present, widely separated; membrane
without veins; claws (in our species) with arolia; length
1.8 — 2.5 mm. Arboreal on foliage of royal palm; phy-
tophagous. Family XIII. ThaumastocoridjE, p. 444.
mm. Tarsi 3-jointed.
n. Ocelli present.
o. Membrane, when present, without veins; clavus of same
texture as membrane (fig. 6, e) ; corium somewhat thick-
ened; elytra often absent; color more or less greenish;
length not more than 4 mm. Semiaquatic; predaceous.

Family XXII. Mesoveliid^e, p. 612.
oo. Membrane with distinct veins, these forming three to five
long closed cells (fig. 6, /) ; clavus and corium alike in
texture; head short and broad; eyes large and promi-
nent; length 2.5 — 8 mm. Littoral or hygrophilous; pre-
daceous. Family XXXIII. Saldid^e, p. 1002.
nn. Ocelli absent; elytra reduced to small pads, without a mem-
brane; length less than 6 mm. Parasitic.

Family XXIII. Cimicid^:, p. 616.

34 SUPERFAMILY SCUTELLEROIDE^E.

ee. Front legs more or less raptorial (fig. 6, m) ; head cylin-
drical; pronotum with a transverse groove; prosternum
often with a longitudinal median, transversely striated or
granulated stridulatory groove between the front coxae;
beak 3-jointed (or 4-jointed with joint 1 very short), its
basal joint stout, usually curved; form variable, often very
slender. Predaceous species.

Superfamily REDUVIOIDE^E, p. 501.

dd. Elytra with a cuneus and embolium1"' (fig. 6, h) ; veins of

membrane few, rarely free, when present usually forming

one or two cells; texture usually delicate and form more

or less flattened. Superfamily MIROIDE^,1" p. 620.

'•'•. Head as long as entire thorax; body linear, legs and antennae

very long, filiform; ocelli absent; beak 3-jointed, shorter than

head; scutellum and elytra usually wanting; length, 8 — 11

mm. Semi-aquatic; predaceous.

Family XXX. Hydrometrid^e, p. 964.
bb. Claws of at least the front tarsi distinctly anteapical, the apex of
the last tarsal joint more or less cleft or bifid (fig. 6, n) . Semi-
aquatic or hygrophilous; predaceous.

Superfamily GERROIDE^E, p. 967.

Superfamily SCUTELLEROIDE/E (Burmeister) , 1835, 343.

The members of this superfamily all agree in possessing
5-jointed antennae which are inserted beneath a ridge on the
side of the head ; ocelli present ; beak 4-jointed, inserted beneath
or near apex of tylus ; meso- and metanotum concealed ; scutel-
lum large or very large, reaching middle of abdomen, some-
times covering almost its entire dorsal surface ; clavus nar-
rowed toward apex, not forming a commissure, corium wholly
coriaceous, membrane usually with numerous veins; con-
nexivum horizontal or slightly declivent inward; tarsi 3-
jointed, rarely (subfamily Acanthosominse) 2-jointed. The
superfamily is represented in our territory by five families.

KEY TO EASTERN FAMILIES OF SCUTELLEROIDE.E.

a. Scutellum very large, U-shaped, longer than corium, covering the
greater part of abdomen, its apex broadly rounded (figs. 7, 11

1BExcept in the very small species (less than 1.8 mm.) of the subfamily Schizop-
terinpe of the family Cryptostemmatidse. McAtee & Malloch (1925a, top of page 2)
state that the costa of the elytra of the family "are thickened and provided with a
fracture (forming what are called embolium and cuneus)." In the second section of
their key on page 3, leading up to the Schizopterinae. they say : "Costa of fore wing
without a fracture" — which is true as far as the bugs are concerned.

16I have given to this group of families whose members possess a cuneus the
superfamily name proposed by Kirkaldy (1906a), as the one used by Reuter and Van
Duzee is based on the generic name of the "bedbug," the first Heteropteron probably
known to man, both physically and scientifically. It and its close allies are so dif-
ferent from all other Cimlcoidete of recent literature, that that name should be ap-
plied to them alone.

KEY TO FAMILIES OF SCUTELLEROIDE^E. 35

and 13) ; frena absent, or if present, less than one-fifth the length
of scutellum; opaque part of corium (fig. 12), much narrowed to-
ward apex.

6. Tibiae not strongly spinose; connexivum of abdomen with seven

visible dorsal segments; color never shining black.

c. Sides of pronotum without a prominent tooth or lobe in front of

humeral angles, and another on front angles; hamus of inner

wings present; eyes never protuberant. Habitat variable,

often arboreal, usually hygrophilous.

Family I. Scutellariae, p. 35.
cc. Sides of pronotum with a prominent tooth or lobe in front of
humeral angles and another on front angles (fig. 11) ; hamus
of inner wings wanting; eyes protuberant or stylated. Ter-
restrial and hygrophilous Family II. Podopid^e, p. 53.
66. Tibiae with two or more rows of strong black spines ; connexivum
with but six visible ventral segments; color usually shining
black. Terrestrial; phytophagous.

Family III. Corimel^enid^e, p. 58.
aa. Scutellum of medium size, shorter than corium, more or less triangu-
lar, with apex narrowed (figs. 14 and 17), rarely (Stiretrus)
large and U-shaped, the colors then bright and contrasting; frena
distinct, one-fourth or more the length of scutellum; opaque part
of corium subtriangular, broad apically.
d. Tibiae armed with two or more rows of long strong black or brown
spines; front legs fossorial; length rarely more than 7 mm. Sub-
terrestrial, usually ammophilous; food habits undetermined.

Family IV. Cydnid^e, p. 70.
dd. Tibiae armed, if at all, only with small weak spines; front legs
not fossorial ; length rarely less than 7 mm. Habitat variable,
often arboreal ; mainly phytophagous.

Family V. Pentatomid^e, p. 91.

Family I. SCUTELLERID^E Leach, 1815, 121.
The Shield-backed Bugs.

Heteroptera of medium or large size and oval, usually strong-
ly convex form, having the head triangular ; eyes sessile ; ocelli
two; cheeks not prolonged beyond the tylus ; beak 4-jointed;
antennae (in our species) 5-jointed, inserted on the sides of
head ; pronotum more or less hexagonal, its front half often
strongly declivent and lateral angles distinct; scutellum U-
shaped, very large, nearly or quite reaching the tip of abdo-
men and often covering the whole of the elytra except the basal
portion of the costal margin, its sides not furnished with a
frenum or ridge on which the inner edge of the clavus rests ;

36 FAMILY I. — SCUTELLERIDjE.

corium with opaque part greatly narrowed ; connexivum with
seven visible dorsal segments ; inner wings with primary and
subtended veins rather widely separated and provided with a
hamus ; tibiae without distinct spines ; tarsi 3-jointed.

These curious turtle-shaped bugs appear to be nowhere com-
mon in this country. As far as known they are phytophagous
in habit and are, for the most part, found on the foliage of
shrubs or trees in the vicinity of water. Representatives of 15
genera occur in the United States. Of these eleven, comprising
15 species, are known from the territory covered by this work.
The principal literature pertaining to our species may be found
in the following works : Germar, 1839 ; Dallas, 1851 ; Stal, 1867,
1870, 1872; Schouteden, 1904; Van Duzee, 1904; Hart, 1919;
Stoner, 1920.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SCUTELLERID^E.

a. Scutellum broadly oval, covering at least the apical third of costal
border of elytra; abdomen (except in Phimodera) with a finely
striated stridulatory area each side of middle of fourth and fifth
ventrals (Subfamily Tetyrinas).
b. Pronotum without a transverse submedian groove; head gradually
declivent.
c. Second joint of antennae as long as or longer than third ; length
7 or more mm.
d. Osteolar opening not continued as a canal towards the side mar-
gin of the metasternal plate.
e. Costal border of elytra exposed to or beyond middle of scutellum.
/. Head longer than broad, rounded in front; abdomen usually
with a broad shallow median groove; length 12 or more mm.

I. Tetyra, p. 37.

ff. Head smaller, triangular, pointed in front, its sides nearly
equilateral; abdomen without a median groove; length not
over 10 mm. II. Diolcus, p. 39.

ee. Costal border of elytra covered by scutellum except at base;
length 11 or more mm. III. Chelysoma, p. 41.

dd. Osteolar opening extended outwardly or towards the sides by a
distinct canal.
g. Osteolar canal long, its apical portion much widened, bent for-
ward and punctured (fig. 8, a) ; costal border of elytra exposed
not farther than middle of scutellum ; head as long as broad.

IV. Sphyrocoris, p. 42.

gg. Osteolar canal shorter, nearly straight, not widened apically;
costal border of elytra exposed to or beyond apical third of
scutellum; head broader across the eyes than long.

THE SHIELD-BACKED BUGS. 37

h. Second and third joints of beak subequal in length, the fourth
shorter; tube of osteole distinctly shorter than the canal, the
latter almost flat, the peritreme or supporting plate shining,
shallowly and sparsely punctate; length, 9 — 11 mm.

V. Symphylus, p. 43.

/;/;. Second joint of beak as long as third and fourth united, the

third and fourth subequal; tube of osteole as long as canal,

the latter distinctly grooved, the peritreme opaque, deeply

and closely punctate; length 6 — 7 mm. VI. Stethaulax, p. 44.

cc. Second joint of antennae distinctly shorter than third; osteolar

canal long, slender and curved forward; length less than 9 mm.

VII. Hom^mus, p. 46.

bb. Pronotum with a distinct transverse submedian groove; head

deflexed or bent downward.

i. Groove of pronotum narrow, sharply delimited; front of head

angulate or obtusely rounded ; fourth and fifth ventrals with a

very finely striated stridulatory area; length, less than 6 mm.

;'. Side margins of head and pronotum entire. VIII. Camirus, p. 49.

jj. Side margins of head and pronotum finely and irregularly

toothed. IX. Acantholoma, p. 50.

ii. Groove of pronotum wide, not sharply limited ; front of head broad

and subtruncate; ventrals without a stridulatory area; length

6 — 7 mm. X. Phimodera,17 p. 51.

aa. Scutellum narrow, oblong, not covering any portion of the costal

border of elytra; ventrals without a stridulatory area; second

joint of antennae slightly curved; length, 7 or more mm.

XI. EURYGASTER,17 p. 52.

I. Tetyra Fabricius, 1803, 128.

Species of large size, having the head nearly as broad in
front as behind, tylus convex, slightly surpassing the cheeks ;
second and third joints of antennae (in our species) subequal,
fourth nearly one-third longer, fifth equal to or slightly longer
than fourth ; beak reaching second ventral segment or beyond,
its second joint as long as third and fourth united ; scutellum
very broad, covering the apical third or more of costal border
of elytra ; connexivum exposed beyond the middle ; osteolar
tube reaching middle of its supporting plate, its opening very
small, the tube not continued as a definite canal, but as a broad
expansion with apical margins elevated. Two of the three
known North American species occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF TETYRA.

a. Antennae black annulated with white near the tip and base of each

1TThese two genera are, by Stal (1872), and most subsequent authors, placed in
the subfamily Odontotarsina? which is separated from the Tetyrina? only by the
absence of the so-called stridulatory area on the fourth and fifth ventrals. In old or
dirty specimens this character is often very difficult to ascertain, and I doubt very
much its being one worthy of subfamily division.

38

FAMILY I. — SCUTELLERID^E.

joint; beak reaching only to middle of second ventral; abdomen
without a distinct median furrow. 1. antillarum.

mi. Antennae uniform piceous-brown ; beak reaching or surpassing base
of fourth ventral ; abdomen with a wide but distinct median fur-
row. 2. BIPUNCTATA.

1 (1). Tetyra antillarum Kirkaldy, 1909, 284.

Broadly oval, above strongly convex. Dull reddish-brown, the head,
pronotum, clavus and sides of scutellum rather thickly marked with
coarse fuscous punctures having a greenish or brassy center; disk of
scutellum with much finer concolorous punctures; under surface dull yel-
low marked with fuscous punctures; femora with reddish-brown dots;
tibiae tinged with reddish; tarsi annulate, the claws in part black.
Fourth antennal scarcely as long as third. Front half of pronotum de-
clivent, broadly shallowly concave in front of humeral angles, the latter
obtuse. Scutellum with sides and apical third rather strongly declivent.
Male with sixth ventral and genital plate as in T. bipunctata, the plate
with an obtuse transverse carina in front of its emarginate hind border.
Length, male, 15 mm.; width, 8 mm.

Brickell Hammock, Miami, Fla., March 11; one adult male
and one nymph beaten from the foliage of the potato tree, So-
lanum verbascifolium L., growing along a roadside. A West
Indian species known in this country heretofore only from a
few specimens taken at Key West and Biscayne Bay, Fla.
Usually recorded as T. arcuata (Fabr.), a preoccupied name.

2 (3). Tetyra bipunctata (Herrich-Schaeffer) , 1839, 87.

Broadly oval, strongly convex
mottled with either aggrega-
tions of black punctures or
fuscous spots, the punctures
forming a number of narrow
curved lines across the prono-
tum and scutellum; the fus-
cous areas, when present, often
clouding the basal half of pro-
notum and usually forming a
small rounded spot each side
on basal third of scutellum;
corium and clavus punctured
like scutellum; membrane fus-
cous; connexivum usually with
alternate spots of black and
reddish-brown; under surface
dull yellow, with numerous
coarse black punctures along
the sides; legs dull yellow to
fuscous, marked with sparse,

Dull brownish-yellow, irregularly

THE SHIELD-BACKED BUGS. 39

coarse black punctures; tarsi piceous. Pronotum subhexagonal, the
humeral angles rounded ; disk with a vague transverse impression end-
ing in a deeper one each side, this extended forward nearly to front
angles. Scutellum with a rounded impression each side at base and an-
other at middle near each margin. Male with hind margin of sixth ven-
tral broadly concave, to receive the large semicircular genital plate.
Length, 12—17 mm.; width, 8 — 10 mm. (Fig. 7).

Lake Co., Ind., and Royal Palm Park, Fla., June 15 — Dec. 18
(W. S.B.). Lakehurst, N. J., and Long Island, N. Y., April
15 — May 29 (Davis). Vienna, Va., August (Barber). Ranges in
this country from New York and Northern Indiana south and
southwest to North Carolina, Florida and Texas. Known also
from Mexico and recorded by Dallas (1851, 36) from Aus-
tralia. My Florida specimens were hibernating beneath the
bark of pine logs. Barber records it from six different locali-
ties in that State. Like most other members of the family it
appears to be rather scarce wherever found and occurs for the
most part on pine. Smith (1910, 132) states that in New
Jersey it : "Is sometimes found on young shoots of old pines,
but is especially fond of young trees. In cold weather it often
secretes itself among the dead needles that accumulate on the
upper side of the horizontal branches of pitch pine." Davis
(1911, 113) says that "when the legs are rubbed against the
file-like structures of the stridulatory areas the insect makes
considerable noise."

II. Diolcus Mayr, 1864, 904.

Species of medium size and oval convex form having the
head short, triangular, nearly equilateral, more or less pointed
in front ; tylus almost flat, slightly surpassing the cheeks ; sec-
ond and third antennals subequal, each two-thirds the length
of fourth which is slightly longer than fifth ; beak very slender,
reaching first ventral, its second and third joints nearly equal;
pronotum short, subhexagonal, its margins more or less re-
flexed ; scutellum as in Tetyra ; connexivum exposed for nearly
its full length; osteole in the form of a short tube, reaching
to middle of its supporting plate. Four species are recorded
from North America, two of which occur in the southern
states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF DIOLCUS.

a. Punctures of upper surface reddish or purplish, those beneath few

40 FAMILY I. — SCUTELLERID^E.

and widely scattered; sixth ventral of male with hind margin
broadly emarginate or concave. 3. irroratus.

aa. Punctures green, those on sides of under surface numerous and
somewhat crowded ; sixth ventral of male with hind margin en-
tire and broadly rounded. 4. chrysorrhoeus.

3 (9). Diolcus irroratus (Fabricius), 1775, 699.

Broadly oval, convex. Above dull yellow, thickly and irregularly
marked with brownish-red punctures, the smooth spaces showing as yel-
low spots on occiput and forming a large triangular spot each side on
front half of pronotum and numerous small scattered ones on scutellum;
connexivum with alternating punctured spots of dull red and smooth
ones of yellow; beneath yellow with widely scattered round purple dots,
each enclosing a small puncture; antennae and legs yellow, the latter
marked with small red dots. Head longer and more pointed than in
chrysorrhoeus. Pronotum with lateral angles obtusely rounded, the
adjacent sides behind them feebly sinuate; disk finely, irregularly, some-
what sparsely punctate and with an ill-defined triangular impression
each side. Scutellum broadly oval, covering only the apical third of
elytral costal border. Median plate of genital segment of female much
broader than long. Other characters as in generic description. Length,
8 — 9 mm.; width, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Dunedin, Caxambus, Chokoloskee, Royal Palm Park, Cape
Sable and Key West, Fla., Dec. 17 — April 5. Recorded also from
Punta Gorda, Biscayne Bay and Fernandino. This prettily
marked Scutellerid is a West Indian species, known in the
United States only from Florida, where it occurs almost ex-
clusively on the foliage of the black mangrove, Rhizophorci mangle
L., on the keys and along the edges of the tidewater lagoons.

4 (10). Diolcus chrysorrhceus (Fabricius), 1803, 138.

Form of irroratus. Above dull reddish-yellow, marked with numer-
ous large metallic green punctures, and usually irregular fuscous spots,
the latter, when present, forming several large blotches on basal half
of pronotum, covering the apical third or more of scutellum and forming
a small round submarginal spot each side near its middle; beneath dull
yellow with numerous coarse green punctures along the sides; antennae
and legs yellow, the latter with scattered reddish-brown dots. Structural
characters much as in irroratus, the head shorter, broader, with apex
less pointed than there. Median genital plate of female triangular,
longer than broad. Length 8 — 9 mm. ; width 6 — 7 mm.

Sanford, Dunedin, Royal Palm Park and Cape Sable, Fla.,
Dec. 8 — June 6. Recorded also from Jacksonville, St. Augustine,
Green Springs and Indian River District, Fla. Ranges from
South Carolina and southern Florida to Texas. Hibernates in
bunches of Spanish moss and occurs especially on foliage of

THE SHIELD-BACKED BUGS. 41

shrubs and trees about the borders of wet hammocks. Three
of the 12 specimens at hand have the fuscous blotches of upper
surface wholly absent. The Scutellera viridipunctata of Say
(1831, 1) is a synonym.

III. Chelysoma Bergroth, 1891, 235.

Species above the average in size and with broadly oval
convex form, having the head triangular, longer than wide,
its apex obtusely pointed ; cheeks convex, a little shorter than
tylus ; beak reaching middle of second ventral, its second joint
slightly longer than third and fourth united ; second antennal
slightly longer than third, fourth and fifth stouter and sub-
equal, each about one-third longer than second ; pronotum with
lateral angles obtusely rounded ; scutellum covering apical two-
thirds or more of costal margin of elytra; connexivum wholly
concealed ; osteolar tube reaching middle of its supporting
plate.

Stal (1867, 493) founded the genus Orsilochus for five species
before included by their authors in the old genus Pachycoris
Burm. Bergroth (loc. cit.) showed that Stal's name was pre-
occupied and proposed Chelysoma in its stead. Four of the
known species occur in the West Indies, Mexico or South
America, the other in the southern states.

5 (5). Chelysoma guttatum (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1839, 4.

Black, shining, both above and beneath, and irregularly marked
with numerous coarse punctures, also with bright yellow smooth spaces
as follows : head usually with an interrupted line each side and a short
median occipital one, disks of pronotum and scutellum with numerous
transverse wavy lines, scutellum also with three small irregular spots
across the base; front and side margins of pronotum, exposed costal por-
tion of elytra and sides of abdomen narrowly edged with bright yellow;
first two or three joints of antennae in part or wholly yellow, the fourth
and fifth piceous, pubescent; legs yellow, the tarsi fuscous. Abdomen
with sides coarsely and rather closely punctate, the middle smooth.
Structural characters as given under generic heading. Length 11 — 13
mm. ; width 7 — 8 mm.

Dunedin and Royal Palm Park, Fla., Nov. 17 — April 2. Occurs
on the goat's foot morning glory, Ipomcea pes-caprce Sweet, along
the bay front in November, and hibernates among the roots
of clumps of grass. Jacksonville and Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 3 — 7
{Davis) ; recorded also from numerous stations in that State.
Mobile, Ala., April 5 — June 4 (Gerhard). Known elsewhere only

42

FAMILY I. — SCUTELLERID^.

from Georgia and North and South Carolina. Van Duzee
(1909, 153) took it from rank vegetation on the borders of the
tidal marshes at Ft. Myers, Fla., in May and it was beaten
from scrub oak Aug. 1, at Wilmington, N. Car., by Engel-
hardt. The yellow markings of the upper surface vary greatly
in number and shape.

IV. Sphyrocoris Mayr, 1864, 904.

Species of small size and broadly oval form having the head
triangular, nearly as broad as long, its apex obtusely rounded ;
tylus convex, slightly exceeding the cheeks; beak as in Chely-
soma, reaching middle of second ventral ; joints 1 — 3 of anten-
nae subequal in length, fourth and fifth also subequal, but one-
third longer; connexivum exposed for three-fourths its length.
Other characters as given in generic key, the principal dis-
tinguishing one being the peculiar form of the osteolar canal.
(Fig. 8, a).

Two species are known, one from Mexico, the other from the
southern and southwestern United States.
6 (12). Sphyrocoris obliquus (Germar), 1839, 94.

Above dull brownish-yellow, marked with numerous fuscous punc-
tures and piceous or fuscous streaks and blotches, the latter forming-
two vague stripes on head, often cover-
ing the greater part of basal half of
pronotum and usually forming a wide
oblique stripe on scutellum; this some-
times absent and the scutellum then
marked with narrow broken transverse
fuscous lines, much as in pale examples
of Diolcus chrysorrhceus (Fabr.) ; con-
nexivum dull red, the edge of each segment
in part fuscous; beneath dull yellow, thick-
ly flecked with fuscous punctures, the nar-
row margins of cheeks, flanks of pronotum
to near the hind angles and the front
d* ^^fpllilfP^ " '- an~'l's of ill'' ends of ventrals a brighter

yellow; antennae and legs dull yellow, the
latter with numerous fuscous dots and
blotches. Thorax subhexagonal, its lateral
angles obtusely rounded, the margins be-
showinK inrni hind them, as well as basal margin, more
(Ordinal). or jesg sinuate Scutellum with a broad
shallow oblique impression each side near base. Female with median
plate of genital segment rounded, very small. Length, 7 — 8.5 mm.;
width, 5—6 mm. (Fig. 8).

Fig. 8, X 5.
of osteolar cana

THE SHIELD-BACKED BUGS. 43

Dunedin, Bradentown, Royal Palm Park and Cape Sable, Fla.,
Nov. 18 — Aug. 12. Probably occurs throughout that State, as
Barber records it from eight different stations. Ranges from
southern Florida to Arizona, Texas and California. Originally
described from Martinique and known also from Mexico and
Grenada. About Dunedin it has been taken sparingly from the
axils of thistle leaves and by sweeping herbage in low sandy
glades and along the bay front. The fuscous markings of the
upper surface are extremely variable in extent and character,
but the majority of specimens are darker in hue than those of
allied forms.

V. Symphylus Dallas, 1851, 37.

Broadly oval, moderately convex species having the head
triangular, about as broad as long; second antennal slightly
longer than third, fourth and fifth subequal, each one-half
longer than third ; beak reaching to or slightly beyond base
of second ventral, its second segment but little longer than
third ; pronotum subhexagonal, its front portion strongly de-
clivent, lateral angles more posterior than in Diolcus, its front
side margins longer and not reflexed as there ; scutellum less
convex, its apical third flattened and strongly declivent ; em-
bolium of elytra wholly exposed ; stridulatory area of abdomen
very large, covering most of the central part of the fourth and
fifth and the base of the sixth ventrals.

This genus is closely related to both Diolcus and Stethaulax.
From the former it may be readily known by the presence of
the osteolar canal and from the latter by the relatively longer
third joint of beak and steep declivity of scutellum, this, in our
single species, being distinctly carinate. Eight species are
recognized by Stal (1867, 495), all from Tropical America and
the West Indies. One of these, not included by Van Duzee in
his Catalogue, occurs in Georgia and Florida.

7 ( — ). Symphylus deplanatus (Herrich-Schfeffer), 1839, 3.

Upper surface dull reddish-brown, sparsely and rather finely punc-
tate and usually more or less marked with fuscous, this sometimes form-
ing large irregular blotches on basal half of thorax and a vague oblique
stripe on scutellum, but more often reduced to short broken transverse
lines on the latter; declivity of scutellum frequently with a large bilobed
black spot covering its upper two-thirds ; connexivum usually with alter-
nate pale and fuscous spots, the latter formed of dark punctures; under
surface dull yellow, marked with rather small dark brown punctures,

44 FAMILY I. — SCUTELLERID^E.

these numerous along the sides, but sparse and much scattered on middle
of abdomen; antennae and legs yellow, the latter with numerous large
black dots. Head nearly an equilateral triangle, its apex obtuse. Prono-
tum as described above, its posterior side margins sinuate, disk with a
small nodule near each hind angle, and a large shallow impression be-
hind each front one. Scutellum with posterior declivity feebly but
distinctly carinate and sides rather strongly sloping downward. Male
with hind margin of sixth ventral broadly and deeply concave; genital
plate twice as wide as long, its hind margin emarginate. Female with
medium segment of genital plate very small and rounded. Length 8 — 11
mm.; width 5 — 7 mm.

Dunedin, Lakeland, Istokpoga, Miami, Royal Palm Park and
Cape Sable, Fla., Nov. 21— April 12 (W.S.B.). Ft. Valley,
Ga., April (£/. S. N. Mus.).xa Recorded also by Barber from
Enterprise, Fla. It is a tropical form originally described from
Rio Janeiro and Bahia, Brazil, and recorded by Uhler (1886, 2)
from Mexico. About Dunedin it is, next to Homoemns parvulus
(Germ.), the most common member of the family, occurring
in fall and spring mostly on the foliage of the wax-myrtle,
Cerothamnus ceriferus (L.) and hibernating in bunches of Span-
ish moss, the axils of thistles and other convenient hiding
places. Like some of its allies it is very inconstant in its mark-
ings. The punctures of pronotum and scutellum, usually black-
ish, are sometimes in part as green as those of Diolcus chrysor-
rhceus. The fuscous spots vary exceedingly in form and size.
Of 16 specimens before me, six, equally divided as to sex, have
the declivity of scutellum almost covered by a large sharply
defined piceous spot, this being deeply emarginate on its hind
border. In the other specimens no trace of this spot is visible
and some of them are almost devoid of fuscous markings ; while
one from R. P. Park has both pronotum and scutellum in great
part black. This is doubtless the species mentioned by Malloch
{Hart, 1919, 171) as being in the Bolter collection from Indian
River and Point Orange, Fla. As already stated it is not in-
cluded in the Van Duzee Catalogue, being confused by that
author with Stethaulax marmoratus (Say) , he having so identified
specimens of the Symphylus for me.

VI. Stethaulax Bergroth, 1891, 235.

Small broadly oval, somewhat flattened species having the
head short, broad, almost flat above; tylus feebly convex,

18Sent me as Stethaulax marmoratus (Say).

THE SHIELD-BACKED BUGS. 45

slightly surpassing the cheeks ; beak reaching middle of second
ventral, its second joint almost as long as third and fourth
united; second antennal (in our eastern species) more slender
and nearly one-half longer than third, the latter subclavate;
fourth and fifth joints subequal, much stouter and more than
one-half longer than second. Pronotum subhexagonal, its
lateral angles obtusely rounded ; disk less declivent in front
than in preceding genera. Scutellum covering one-half or more
of costal border of elytra. Osteolar canal straight or feebly
curved, reaching nearly to tip of its supporting plate, its apex
obtuse.

This genus was first characterized by Uhler (1871, 93) as
Aulacostethus, this name, as shown by Bergroth, being preoccu-
pied. One species is known from our territory and another
from Arizona and California.19

8 (11). Stethaulax marmoratus (Say), 1831, 2; I, 310.

Dull reddish-brown, irregularly marked with fuscous, the latter form-
ing several narrow, transverse lines on pronotum and numerous similar
lines and blotches on scutellum ; disk of scutellum with many widely
scattered, small, slightly elevated smooth yellow spaces; connexivum with
alternating reddish-yellow and fuscous spots; under surface dull yellow,
the sides of pleura and abdomen with numerous fuscous or reddish-brown
punctures; antennae and legs yellow, the latter with fuscous or reddish-
purple dots. Head densely, shallowly and confluently punctate. Pronotum
less densely punctate, the punctures separated by at least their own di-
ameters and mostly arranged in sinuous transverse lines. Scutellum more
densely and deeply punctate, the intervals between the punctures mi-
nutely alutaceous; its disk with a faint median carina in front of de-
clivity. Sixth ventral of male broadly concave; genital plate semicircu-
lar, one-half wider than long. Length, 6 — 7 mm.; width, 4.5 — 5.5 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., May 7 — Sept. 16 (Barber and Davis). While
the known range of this species extends from New York and
Maryland to Georgia and Texas, it has not been taken in

^'This is what I take to be the Aulacostethus simulans of Uhler (1876, 272)
described from near San Francisco. Van Duzee (1904, 76), after an examination of
a single female in the Henshaw collection, which had been determined as simulans
by Uhler, pronounced it "but a clearly marked example of marmoratus," thus rele-
gating to synonymy Uhler*s name on color characters alone, without examining his
type. Examples of a Stethaulax at hand from Arizona differ distinctly from the
eastern form in the following structural characters : Larger, 8.5 — 9 mm. : head longer,
more deeply sinuate in front of eyes, less densely punctate above: third antennal longer,
subequal to second ; thorax and scutellum much more sparsely and shallowly punc-
tate, not alutaceous between the punctures; osteolar canal more slender, its apical
portion tapering and slightly curved, its supporting plate very different in sculpture,
the punctures being sparse, shallow and ill defined, whereas in the eastern form they
are more numerous, deeper and well marked. While Uhler*s original description of
his simulans was based mainly on color characters, an exceedingly variable feature
in the Scutellerids, it agrees with this western form sufficiently to lead me to be-
lieve that it represents his species. At any rate it is very different in the characters
mentioned from the eastern marmoratus Say.

46 FAMILY I. — SCUTELLERID^E.

Indiana, and but a single specimen is known from Illinois. This
was taken at Cobden, May 9, by Malloch, who states (1919,
171) that he cannot detect the central ridge dividing the sulcus
on dorsal face of tibiae, which character was used by Hart to
separate Stethaulax from Symphylus. This central ridge is not
present in the specimens at hand. The insect is said to occur
on cedar.

VII. HoMjEMUS Dallas, 1851, 36.

Scutellerids below the medium in size and of oval convex
form, having the head slightly longer than broad, rounded in
front ; tylus convex, distinctly surpassing the cheeks ; first and
second antennals subequal in length, third distinctly longer
than second, fourth and fifth slender, subequal, each one-fourth
or more longer than third ; beak reaching to or slightly beyond
middle of second ventral, its second joint longer than third and
fourth united ; pronotum subhexagonal, its front gradually, not
strongly declivent, the lateral angles somewhat broadly
rounded, front side margins more or less reflexed ; scutel-
lum reaching tip of abdomen, covering one-half or more
of costal border of elytra ; connexivum narrowly or not at all
exposed ; front margin of sternum produced forward conceal-
ing the base of antennae ; osteolar canal long, reaching almost
to outer margin of its supporting plate, then bent or curved
forward but not widened apically or punctured as in Sphyro-
coris.

Five species are listed by Van Duzee as occurring in the
United States, three of which are found east of the Mississippi
River.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF HOMjEMUS.

a. Head not or very minutely pubescent and without pale margins;
costal border of elytra with black markings; length, 7 — 9 mm.

9. jENEIFRONS.

cut. Head with distinct prostrate yellowish pubescence, its side margins

distinctly paler than the center; costal border pale throughout.

/;. Sides of pronotum straight or nearly so; margins of the abdomen

without black spots; larger, length, 6 — 8 mm. 10. bijugis.

bb. Sides of pronotum feebly but evidently concave at middle; side

margins of abdomen with a small black spot near the hind angle

of each segment; smaller, length, 4.5 — 6 mm. 11. parvulus.

9 (14). Hom^emus vENEiFRONS (Say), 1824a, 299; I, 199.

Dull brownish-yellow varied with fuscous; head and a vague triangular

THE SHIELD-BACKED BUGS.

47

spot behind front angles of pronotum bronzed, shining; the fuscous
usually showing as narrow interrupted transverse lines on pronotum and

, Sehirus ductus (P. B.) : b, Homct'mus oeneifrons (Say)
(After Drake, Tech. Pub. 16, X. Y. St. Coll. For.).

X S.

scutellum, though sometimes forming irregular blotches on each or both ;
beneath brighter yellow, thickly marked along the sides with blackish
punctures; antennae fuscous, the basal joint paler; legs yellow with
black dots. Head densely, finely rugosely punctate. Pronotum rather
sparsely and irregularly punctate and with a broad shallow impression
near each side margin. Scutellum more closely and regularly punctate.
Osteolar canal gradually curved forward near its outer extremity.
Middle portion of sixth ventral shorter and broader than in bijugis, its
apex subtruncate. Length, 7 — 9 mm.; width, 5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 9, b) .

Lake Co., Ind., July 14, (W.S.B.). Havana, 111., June 29—
Aug. 15 (Hart). In both states it is scarce and usually taken
in sweeping or beneath cover in grassy, sandy areas. Ranges
from Quebec and New England across the continent to Van-
couver and California, and southwest to New and Old Mexico,
but not as yet recorded from south of Maryland in the Atlantic
States. Uhler (1876, 272) states that in Maryland it "occurs
but rarely and seems to affect the colder parts of the State,
where the vegetation is from a week to ten days later in de-
veloping than in the lowlands of the warm areas." In Colo-
rado he states (1877, 365) that it was "swept from the rank
growing weeds skirting or not remote from the water courses."
Van Duzee (1905, 548) mentions it as being "generally dis-

48 FAMILY I. — SCUTELLERID^.

tributed and common in the Adirondack^ of New York, where
there were low marshy spots with carices intermixed with the
swamp grasses." Parshley (1923, 782) states that he has
taken it "in large numbers in late fall in the White Mountains
by sweeping Solidago."

10 (15). Hom^mus bijugis Uhler, 1872, 393.

Form of aeneifrons but averaging a little smaller. Color much as
there, the ground hue usually paler and head with a rather wide dull
yellow stripe each side; narrow reflexed margins of pronotum and con-
nexivum clear yellow; pronotum usually with four vague dusky stripes,
these continued obliquely backward onto scutellum, also with a blackish
spot in the depressions near front angles; scutellum of female with a
narrow sutural paler stripe, this gradually widened and faintly bordered
with fuscous on the declivity; male smaller with all these markings
much less distinct, the scutellum being darker with numerous broken
transverse fuscous lines as in aeneifrons; under surface and appendages
colored as in that species, the dark punctures in the paler females being
less evident. Head, pronotum and scutellum more finely and regularly
punctate than in aeneifrons; apex of osteolar canal less curved. Middle
lobe of sixth ventral longer, narrower and more rounded in front than
there. Length, 6.5 — 8 mm. ; width, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Union Grove and Elizabeth, 111., July 7 — 13 {Hart). Ranges
from western Illinois and Minnesota to Utah, British Columbia
and California and south to New Mexico and Arizona. Occurs
usually in sandy regions and is said to be frequent in the arid
plains bordering the Rocky Mountains. Uhler (1877, 365) re-
ports it as "not uncommon in the city of Denver, particularly
on rank growing plants in damp situations." Stoner (1920, 18)
says that in western and northwestern Iowa it is abundant at
certain seasons, most of the specimens being taken from
prairie and blue-grass pastures along the edges of woods. The
nymphs were more common in June, the adults in August.

11 (16). Hom^mus parvulus (Germar), 1839, 107.

Size smaller and form more narrowly oval and convex than in the
two preceding. Dull grayish-yellow, marked above with numerous fus-
cous punctures, these in part aggregated to form four vague dark stripes
extending from front of pronotum backward over the scutellum, the
latter with a narrow pale sutural stripe, this abruptly widened and
bordered with fuscous at declivity, then narrowed with sides parallel to
the apex of scutellum; head bronzed, with a yellowish stripe each side.
Under surface dull yellow, with numerous fuscous punctures along the
sides; legs yellow with black dots; antennae and tip of beak piceous.
Head narrower in front and more finely punctate than in aeneifrons.

THE SHIELD-BACKED BUGS. 49

Pronotum with lateral angles more flattened and less rounded. Connexi-
vum narrowly exposed. Osteolar canal more abruptly bent than in
either of our other species. Length, 4.2 — 6 mm. ; width, 3 — 4 mm.

Dunedin, Kissimmee, and R. P. Park, Fla., Nov. 18 — Apr. 26.
Recorded from numerous other stations in that State. Its
known range extends from southern Illinois (Hart, 1919, 170)
and North Carolina south and west to Kansas, Colorado, Cali-
fornia and Mexico. About Dunedin it is the most common of
the Scutelleridae, hibernating beneath cover throughout the
winter, and more abundant in spring, when it is taken by
sweeping tall grasses about ponds and low shrubs in open sandy
places. By most authors it has been listed as H. grammicus
(Wolff) , but that name was shown by Kirkaldy to belong to an-
other form. The specific name parvulus is well applied, the
males being one of our smallest forms of the family.

VIII. Camirus Stal, 1862, 57.

Small oval or oblong-oval, convex species having the head
about as broad as long, rounded in front, strongly declivent ;
tylus convex, slightly longer than cheeks, the latter with side
margins sinuate ; antennae with first and last joints subequal
and longest, second and fourth subequal, each slightly longer
than third ; beak reaching first ventral, its second joint nearly
one-half longer than third and fourth united, these subequal,
somewhat flattened and finely carinate; pronotum with disk
uneven and with a narrow transverse median groove, its lateral
angles obtusely rounded ; scutellum covering the costal border
of elytra except the basal fourth ; connexivum narrowly ex-
posed ; osteolar opening very small, without either visible tube
or canal.

Two species are known from the United States and three
others from Mexico. But one is found in our territory.

12 (6). Camirus porosus (Germar), 1839, 108.

Dull black, thinly clothed with minute prostrate, grayish pubescence;
upper surface finely, closely and deeply punctate; antennae and tarsi
piceous; connexivum with a minute smooth white spot near each incisure.
Pronotum with front side margins sinuate or concave; disk with a nar-
row transverse line in front of the deeper submedian groove, and a broad
vaguely defined impression each side. Scutellum with disk somewhat
uneven and with a narrow transverse impression across its basal third,
this ending each side in a rather deep oblong impression. Under surface

50 FAMILY I. — SCUTELLERID>E.

with sides shallowly finely and rather closely punctate; the middle of
abdomen more sparsely so. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm. ; width, 3 mm.

Dunedin and Caxambas, Fla., Feb. 8 — March 8. Recorded also
by Barber from Estero, Biscayne Bay and Key Largo, May-
November. Germar's type was from California and in this
country it is recorded only from that State, Vancouver, B. C,
Texas and Florida. My specimens were taken by sweeping
low shrubs, as huckleberry, etc., in open pine woods. The C.
pullatus Dist. from Guatemala and Colombia is a synonym.

IX. ACANTHOLOMA Stal, 1867, 491.

Small oval species, very closely related to Camirus, but less
convex, with head and pronotum broader, their side margins
finely and irregularly toothed ; second antennal twice the length
of third. But one species is known.

13 (8). ACANTHOLOMA DENTICULATA Stal, 1870, 17.

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dull black, minutely pubescent
with yellowish prostrate hairs ; antennae and tarsi dull brownish-yel-
low; scutellum with a small round smooth pale spot each side at base.
Head strongly declivent, rounded in front, coarsely, densely, cribrately
punctate, its side margins carinate, the carinae dentate, broadly in-
terrupted near base, forming a short toothed lobe in front of eyes; tylus
scarcely longer than cheeks, separated from them each side by a deeply
impressed line. Pronotum at apex one-third wider than head, its disk
more finely punctate, the submedian transverse groove deepest at middle;
lateral angles broadly rounded, front side margins almost straight, finely
dentate. Scutellum covering both elytra and connexivum, its disk at
middle a little more sparsely and deeply punctate than pronotum, with a
vague transverse curved line across basal third and traces of a median
lengthwise carina. Under surface closely and finely punctate, the center
of abdomen more sparsely so, the fourth and fifth ventrals with a smooth
oblong space each side of middle. Genital plate of male broadly semi-
circular with a fine median lengthwise carina on front portion, behind
which is a transverse impressed line followed by a fine transverse ca-
rina; punctures on front portion each side of median carina deep and
closely placed ; hind or apical margin of the plate truncate. Length, 5.3 —
5.7 mm.; width, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., June 4 {Gerhard) ; taken from beach drift.
Northern Illinois (Hart). Described from Illinois and recorded
also by Van Duzee from Indiana and Kansas.-" Resembles

20A male in the U. S. Xational Museum from Riley Co., Kansas, collected by Mar-
latt in June and determined by McAtee as A. denticulata, differs from typical Illinois
specimens of that sex as follows: Smaller, length 5 mm.: antenna- and tarsi darker,
pale spots at base of scutellum one-half the size: genital plate without carinae or
transverse impression, its surface even, with finer, much more shallow punctures and
hind or apical margin distinctly convex It may be known as var. kansiana.

THE SHIELD-BACKED BUGS. 51

closely Camirus porosus (Germ.), but easily separated by the
toothed margins of head and pronotum and white spots at base
of scutellum.

X. Phimodera Germar, 1839, 60.

Small oblong-oval species having the head strongly declivent,
its front broad and subtruncate ; tylus strongly convex, but
slightly surpassing the cheeks ; antennae with first and second
joints subequal, third slightly shorter, fourth and fifth each
one-half longer than second ; beak scarcely reaching first ven-
tral, its third and fourth joints flattened, together scarcely as
long as second. Pronotum with disk uneven, due to the broad,
ill defined transverse median groove which ends each side in
an irregular oblique impression ; lateral angles obtusely
rounded, shallowly notched behind the apex ; front side mar-
gins sinuate, the hind ones rounded into base. Scutellum
broadly oval, covering apical two-thirds of costal border of ely-
tra; connexivum narrowly exposed. Osteole indistinct without
evident canal. Abdomen evenly punctate without trace of
stridulatory smooth areas.

Three species are known from the United States, one of
which occurs in our territory.

14 (24). Phimodera binotata (Say), 1824a, 298; I, 198.

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Dull brownish-yellow varied with
fuscous, this forming three vague stripes on head and pronotum, and an
irregular blotch in each of the basal depressions of scutellum; the nar-
row border of pronotum and some short oblique lines on sides of scutellum
also fuscous; scutellum with a smooth oblong raised space in and back of
the basal depressions a brighter yellow; connexivum with a small, pale
smooth tubercle on each incisure; under surface largely fuscous, the
thoracic pleura in part dull yellow; antennae and legs fuscous with paler
markings. Upper surface finely and rather closely punctate, the scu-
tellum with a faint median carina. Genital plate of male broadly semi-
circular. Other characters as in generic description. Length, 6.5 — 7
mm.; width, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Havana, 111., April 6, {Hart & Malloch). Other specimens
were taken by Hart near Havana May 31 and Oct. 29. They
were found beneath cover in blowouts in the sand dune region.
Zimmer (1911, 240) records the finding, on Sept. 23, of
a single male near Halsey, Nebr., in a similar habitat. Known
elsewhere only from Colorado. Say's types were from the
"Northwest Territory."

52 FAMILY I. — SCUTELLERIDjE.

XL Eurygaster Laporte, 1832, 69.

Species of medium size and subdepressed oval form, having
the head about as broad as long, rounded in front ; cheeks as
long as tylus, sometimes (in foreign species) meeting beyond
it ; second and fourth antennals subequal, each about one-third
longer than third, fifth longest ; beak scarcely surpassing hind
coxae, second joint longer than third and fourth united, these
subequal, not flattened. Pronotum hexagonal, its lateral angles
broadly rounded, front side margins straight. Scutellum ob-
long, much narrower than the abdomen ; clavus and costal
border of elytra fully exposed ; connexivum wide, flattened, ex-
posed except at base. Osteole extended in the form of a straight
and narrow canal which reaches beyond middle of its support-
ing plate. Two species are known from
the United States, one of which occurs
in the eastern states.

15 (19). Eurygaster alternata (Say), 1828,
pi. 43; I, 94.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Above dull yel-
low marked with numerous fuscous punctures,
these aggregated to form many short oblique
lines on scutellum ; head often with two short
fuscous occipital stripes; antennae fuscous, the
basal joint paler; scutellum with a curved
narrow elevated smooth yellow line near base,
Fig. 10, x 4. (After Lugger). thig extended backward in the form of a fine

median carina which is evanescent behind the middle; connexivum with
alternating spots formed of blackish punctures; under surface brighter
yellow marked with scattered fuscous punctures; legs yellow with black
dots. Pronotum finely, sparsely irregularly punctate, its disk with a
vague narrow smooth median line and a large oblong shallow depression
each side. Other structural characters as given above. Length, 7.5 — 9
mm.; width, 6.5 — 7 mm. (Fig. 10).

Lake Co., Ind., May 12. Ranges from Quebec and New Eng-
land to Vancouver, south to New Jersey, Maryland, New Mexi-
co and California. In Indiana it appears to be very scarce, my
two specimens from the State being found beneath prickly
pear cactus growing near a swale in the dune region south of
Lake Michigan. On the other hand, Van Duzee (1904, 18) re-
ports it as "probably the most abundant and universally dis-
tributed Scutellerid found in North America. I once took it
in great numbers from sedges on the flats bordering a stream

THE TERRESTRIAL TURTLE BUGS. 53

near New Haven, Conn., and everywhere it shows a preference
for swampy spots." Uhler (1878, 368) states that "it is com-
mon in Illinois and Massachusetts," but Hart (1919, 168) men-
tions the taking of it by him only in one locality (Sun Lake,
Lake Co.), in Illinois, though other specimens in his collection
are labelled "N. 111." In Iowa Stoner has swept it in small
numbers "from timothy and blue-grass growing on low swampy
prairie and along roadsides." The color varies greatly, fresh
specimens sometimes having the entire upper surface tinged
with pinkish, while in others the connexivum is devoid of dark
spots.

Family II. PODOPID^] Dallas, 1851, 51= (Graphosomatince) .
The Terrestrial Turtle Bugs.

Species of small size and oblong-oval form, having the head
porrect ; eyes prominent, subpedunculate ; antennae shorter
than head and pronotum united, more or less clavate, their base
with a distinct tubercle between it and eyes ; pronotum with a
single prominent lobe or tooth in front of each lateral angle and
another, usually smaller one, at each front angle, the sides
therefore more or less concave and the lateral angles emar-
ginate (fig. 11) ; scutellum oblong U-shaped, its apex broadly
rounded, nearly or quite reaching tip of abdomen, but not
covering the basal portion of corium ; f rena absent or very
short ; corium with opaque portion narrow, triangular, the api-
cal margin very oblique ; inner wings with hamus wanting, the
base of median and subcostal veins approximate, subparallel.21

The family is represented in this country by but three
genera, two of them in our territory. The species are ter-
restrial and subaquatic, occurring amidst the roots of clumps
of grass and beneath debris along the margins of ponds,
sloughs and streams. The principal literature treating of our
species is by Say, 1828 ; Stal. 1872 ; Van Duzee, 1904 ; Schoute-
den, 1905-'06; Hart, 1919; Blatchley, 1924.

21By recent authors the species comprising this group have usually been treated
as an aberrant subfamily, the Graphosomatina? of the Pentatomida?. However, the
size and form of scutellum, absence of frena, peculiar shape of pronotum and corium
and other characters above mentioned are fixed and striking and of greater taxonomic
value than those separating many families of Coleoptera. The habitat is also different
from that of other Pentatomids. I have therefore followed Dallas and other of the
older authors and raised the group to family rank. By so doing necessary excep-
tions in the family key are avoided. The family is placed next to the Scutelleridae,
with which it is apparently more closely allied than with the Pentatomida?.

54 FAMILY II. — PODOPIDiE.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF PODOPI I >.\ K.

a. Front angles of pronotum bearing: a prominent toothed lobe; tu-
bercles at base of antennae not prominent or toothed ; cheeks con-
vex, meeting in front of tylus. I. Oncozygia.
aa. Front angles of pronotum bearing an acute or obtuse unarmed
tooth; tubercles at base of antennae ending in a curved tooth or
spine; cheeks flattened, not meeting in front of tylus.

II. PODOPS.

I. Oncozygia Stal, 1872, 15.

Small oblong-oval, sub-convex, species having the head but
slightly shorter than pronotum, of nearly equal width through-
out, its sides obtusely sinuate ; cheeks swollen, convex, their
tips rounded and contiguous in front of tylus; antennae short,
second joint reaching apex of head, first and fourth joints sub-
equal in length, fifth longer, stouter and fusiform ; beak reach-
ing middle coxae ; pronotum strongly narrowed in front, disk
with an obtuse submedian transverse impression ; scutellum
reaching tip of abdomen, its sides on basal half parallel, then
slightly diverging and curved to form a semicircular rounded
apex, disk with an oblique impression each side near base ;
sterna not sulcate or carinate. Other characters as in key. But
one species is known.

16 (72). Oncozygia clavicornis Stal, 1872, 16.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Dull piceous-brown, very sparsely fur-
nished with short inclined yellowish hairs; antennae, tibiae and tarsi
reddish-brown; hind angles of connexivals yellowish. Pronotum densely
punctate, disk of front lobe with a rounded tubercle each side, the lobe
on front side margins narrow with a single tooth in front, an obtuse
one behind, sinuate between the two; hind lobe with side margins ob-
tusely toothed in front. Connexivum narrowly exposed. Other char-
acters as above. Length 3.5 — 5 mm.

Brownsville, Tex., July (Barber). Bueno (1920,70) records
it from Ashby, Fla. ; known elsewhere only from Fort Mon-
roe, Va., and Vancouver. The Texas specimen at hand is cov-
ered with a grayish crust. A rare species wherever found.

II. Podops Laporte, 1832, 72.

Species of medium or small size and oblong-oval subconvex
form, having the head longer than wide, narrower in front of
eyes, tylus strongly convex, forming a distinct ridge along its

THE TERRESTRIAL TURTLE BUGS. 55

middle; cheeks flattened, equalling or slightly surpassing tylus
but not contiguous in front of it ; beak reaching or surpassing
the middle coxae, its first joint scarcely reaching the base of
bucculae ; pronotum about one-third longer than head, divided
transversely near middle by a rather wide, ill-defined groove,
the front portion declivent, much the narrower, and bearing
three obtuse tubercles in front of which is a second narrow
less distinct groove or furrow ; hind portion strongly convex,
not declivent, much less uneven; scutellum as in Oncosygia;
osteole in the form of a short tube, not reaching middle of its
supporting plate, the latter with numerous short ridges on its
basal half.
Four species are known from the eastern United States.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PODOPS.

a. Tooth or projection near humeral angle of pronotum very promi-
nent, subcylindrical, surpassing the humerus by a distance equal to
length of eye, its apex and front edge curved; margin of pro-
notum in front of humeral tooth deeply sinuate or concave.
b. Lobe or tooth at front angle of pronotum very large, surpassing the
eye by one-third or more of its length, its apex obtuse ; beak
reaching or slightly surpassing hind coxae, its second and third
joints subequal, each one-half longer than fourth; femora wholly
piceous-black; length 7 — 9 mm. 17. dubius.

bb. Tooth at front angle of pronotum much smaller, not surpassing
eye, its apex subacute; beak scarcely reaching middle coxae, its
second joint nearly as long as third and fourth united; femora
annulated with paler; much smaller, not over 5.5 mm.

18. PENINSULARIS.

aa. Tooth near humeral angle of pronotum much less prominent, but
slightly surpassing the humerus, subtriangular, its apex obtuse
or subacute; margin of pronotum in front of tooth feebly sinuate
or straight.
c. Larger, 6 — 6.5 mm.; middle of abdomen sparsely irregularly punc-
tate; margin of pronotum between apical and humeral projec-
tions distinctly not deeply sinuate; outer apical angles of male
genital plate produced and visible from above beyond the apex
of scutellum. 19. cinctipes.

cc. Smaller, not over 5.5 mm.; abdomen deeply and uniformly punc-
tate throughout; margin of pronotum between the projections
straight; outer apical angles of male genital plate short, ob-
tuse, not visible from above. 20. parvulus.

17 (73). Podops dubius (Palisot de Beauvois), 1805, 33.

Oblong-oval, large for the genus. Dark reddish- or grayish-brown,
tinged with piceous; antennae reddish brown, the terminal joint piceous;

56

FAMILY II. — PODOPID.-E.

tibiae piceous, paler towards tips; beak, except tip, and tarsi pale dull
yellow. Cheeks slightly exceeding tylus, the latter swollen and promi-
nent its full length. Third joint of antennae one-fourth longer than

second. Pronotum with median transverse
groove distinct, the tubercles in front of it
prominent; the humeral and apical teeth of
nearly similar form and subequal in length,
both being directed outward and a little
forward, the side margin between them
deeply sinuate; disk of hind portion of pro-
notum strongly convex, coarsely and rather
thickly punctate. Scutellum more finely
punctate, and with a vague, rather wide
oblique impression extending backward
from each side of base and another each side
behind the middle. Under surface sparsely
and coarsely punctate. Male genital plate
with apical angles rather strongly produced,
pale at tip, visible from above. Length, 7 — 9
mm.; width, 4 — 4.5 mm. (Fig. 11).

Dunedin, Lakeland and R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 15 — March 25.
Taken also by Davis at Everglade in May, and recorded from
Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Virginia and Texas.
An introduced West Indian species originally described from
St. Domingo. My Florida specimens are all females and were
taken from the axils of the leaves of a tall sedge growing along
the borders of lakes, or by beating in dense hammocks. The
large size, longer beak, longer third joint of antennae and
prominent projections of pronotum are the main characters
separating dubius from our other species.

18 ( — ). Podops peninsularis Blatchley, 1924, 87.

Oblong-oval, small for the genus. Above dull grayish-brown, tinged
with fuscous; head and front portion of pronotum thinly clothed with
prostrate yellow pubescence; punctures of pronotum and scutellum each
enclosing a minute yellow scale; first four joints of antennae reddish-
brown, tinged with fuscous, last joint piceous, pubescent; under surface
uniform piceous, the punctures each with a yellow prostrate scale-like
hair; legs fuscous or piceous, annulate with dull yellow. Head as in
dubius, the cheeks just equalling or scarcely exceeding the tylus, the con-
vex portion of the latter shorter. Joints 2 — 4 of antennae subequal,
fifth fusiform, longer and stouter. Pronotum with median transverse
groove less distinct than in dubius, the disk behind it strongly convex,
rather coarsely and thickly punctate, the tooth or projection of front
angles much smaller than in dubius, not exceeding the eye, subtriangular,

THE TERRESTRIAL TURTLE BUGS. 57

its tip subacute; sinus in front of humeral projection less deep. Scu-
tellum much as in dubius, the posterior impression scarcely evident. Ab-
domen much more thickly and finely punctate. Male genital segment
semicircular, with a deep curved median impression, the basal portion
thickly coarsely punctate, the apical one broadly and deeply concave
with slightly projecting apical angles. Length 5 — 5.5 mm.; width, 3.2 —
3.5 mm.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla. A dozen or so specimens taken
near Dunedin, Dec. 24 — April 16, from beneath boards and
amongst grass roots on the margins of ponds, or on the tall
dead grasses growing near by. Two at R. P. Park in April from
muck in everglades. Our smallest species, resembling a minia-
ture dubius but very distinct by the characters given in key and
descriptions.

19 (74). Podops cinctipes (Say), 1828, pi. 43; I, 94.

Oblong-oval, size medium for the genus. Dull grayish-brown to
fuscous; antennae reddish-brown, the terminal joint fuscous; beak and
legs fuscous, annulate and spotted with dull yellow. Head as in dubius,
the tylus less elevated and distinctly surpassed by cheeks. Pronotum
with median transverse groove less impressed, the tubercles in front of
it less prominent, the middle one often subobsolete; projections of front
and hind angles much smaller, triangular, the front one acute, the mar-
gin between them sinuate, but much less deeply so than in either of the
two preceding. Under surface thickly and finely punctate along the sides,
the middle of abdomen more sparsely and coarsely so. Other characters
as given in key. Length 6 — 6.5 mm.; width, 4.3 — 4.7 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, much more so in the northern
counties. Feb. 14 — Oct. 9. Like the other species it occurs on
subaquatic vegetation and hibernates beneath cover close to
water. Ranges from Quebec and New England west to Minne-
sota and Nebraska, south to New Jersey and District of Co-
lumbia. Hart (1919, 172) states that in Illinois it "seems to
prefer sandy land, and often occurs in driftwood collections.
The adults are found in all sections of the State and throughout
the year except in April and the early part of May."

20 (75). Podops parvulus Van Duzee, 1904, 22.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Above dull brownish-yellow, tinged with
fuscous; antennae reddish-brown, the last joint darker; beneath uniform
piceous; beak and legs fuscous, annulate with paler. Head much as in
cinctipes, the cheeks a little wider, more flattened and more concave, the
tylus less convex. Pronotum with front portion wider, less declivent,

58 FAMILY III. — CORIMEL.-ENID^E.

tooth at front angle very small, awl-shaped, the one at humeral angle
small, subtriangular, its apex acute, produced slightly backward and
downward. Under surface closely and nearly regularly punctate
throughout. Other characters as in key. Length 5 — 5.5; width, 3.5 —
3.8 mm.

Pine, Lake Co., Ind., May 20 (Gerhard). Northern Illinois
(Hart) . Ranges from Quebec and New England to Kansas and
Colorado ; not known south of New Jersey.

Family III. CORIMEL^NID^E Uhler, 1872a, 471.
The Negro Bugs.

Small oval, convex, usually black bugs, having the head sub-
triangular, broader than long, more or less declivent, its apex
rounded ; cheeks, in our species, not exceeding tylus ; antennae
shorter than head and thorax, 5-jointed ; beak slender, 4-
jointed; pronotum subquadrangular, broader than long, its
hind angles not prominent ; scutellum very broad, strongly con-
vex, longer than the corium, covering almost the entire abdo-
men, its tip very broadly rounded ; f rena very short ; corium
largely membranous, the exposed opaque part very narrow;
first ventral very narrow, almost or wholly covered by the
metasternum ; meso- and metapleura opaque, rugose, the osteo-
lar opening extended as a tapering canal ; tibiae armed with
slender spines; front ones not fossorial; tarsi 3-jointed.

Malloch (1919, 207) has shown that Thyreocoris scarabceoides
L., the European genotype of Thyreocoris, the genus of the fam-
ily under which Van Duzee places all our species, differs from
our American species in having the cheeks contiguous in front
of and concealing the tip of tylus, and the chitinized part of
the wing broad from base to apex, whereas in our forms it is
very much narrowed. Our North American species are there-
fore placed in three genera, all of which occur in the eastern
states. Since the genus Corimeloena White (1839) is the oldest
of these, it serves as the basis for the family name as above
used.

The family has by Van Duzee and recent authors been com-
bined with the Cydnidae, but the characters separating the
two are sharper and more distinct than those separating the
Scutelleridae and Pentatomidae. Moreover the habits of the
two groups are very different, the Corimelaenids, occurring

THE NEGRO BUGS. 59

mainly on grasses, weeds and low shrubs along the edges of
cultivated fields and roadsides, whereas the Cydnids are mostly
terrestrial and ammophilous, burrowing insects found mainly
in the vicinity of water. I have therefore followed Uhler and
Banks in retaining the Corimelaenidae as a separate family.

Several species of these small black bugs are very plentiful
and sometimes injurious to vegetation. They resemble certain
beetles, especially some of the Histeridae, in form and color
and have been sent to me on a number of occasions as Coleop-
tera for naming. The principal literature treating of our
eastern species is by Dallas, 1851; Uhler, 1876; Van Duzee,
1904, 1923; Malloch, 1919; Hussey, 1925.

KEY TO GENERA OF CORIMELJEXID.E.

a. Side margins of pronotum and abdomen ciliate with long hairs; hind
tibia? with long spines on five surfaces. I. Cydnoides, p. 59.

act. Side margins of body not ciliate.

b. Costal margin of corium wholly black, bordered within by a distinct
groove; femora armed beneath with short, stout, preapical spines;
hind tibiae with long spines on five surfaces.

II. Galgupha, p. 61.
bb. Costal margin usually in part ivory-white, without an inner groove;
femora with only a few fine bristles; hind tibiae with short,
widely separated spines on four surfaces.

III. CORIMEL^ENA. p. 65.

I. Cydnoides Malloch, 1919, 207.

Small hemispherical or oval convex species, possessing the
characters of the family as above given and having the mar-
gins of the body ciliate ; femora without spines, but bearing
several bristly hairs ; elytra relatively broad, their tips oblique,
obtuse ; hind tibiae with five rows of long spines. Four of the
22 recorded North American species of the family belong to
this genus, two of them occurring in the eastern states, the
other two, sayi Van D. and obtusa Uhler, in the southwest.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CYDNOIDES.

a. Color purplish-black without white markings; form rounded.

21. CILIATUS.

aa. Color shining black, the base of corium and clavus with a large
ivory-white spot; form oval. 22. renormatus.

21 (32). Cydnoides ciliatus (Uhler), 1863, 156.

Rounded or hemispherical, convex above, subdepressed beneath.
Above black, faintly bronzed or tinged with purple, subopaque; antennae

60 FAMILY III. — CORIMEL^ENIDjE.

reddish-brown, the outer two joints darker; abdomen and propleura
black, shining; legs dark reddish-brown, the tarsi paler. Head declivent,
broader than long, depressed along the tylus, the cheeks finely, densely
confluently punctate. Front half of pronotum with punctures at middle
fine and rather sparse, on sides coarser and very dense; hind portion of
pronotum and disk of scutellum densely aciculately punctate. Elytra
finely and rather sparsely punctate. Abdomen nearly smooth at middle,
the sides finely, not closely punctate. Osteolar area opaque, finely
transversely rugose. Length, 4 — 5.2 mm.; width, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Crawford Co., Ind., July 9 (W.S.B.) \ swept from Cassia
marilandica L. Topeka and Meredosia, 111., June 7 — Aug. 17
(Hart) . Ranges from southern Indiana and Illinois west to the
Pacific and south to Florida and Arizona ; occurring mainly on
Cassia. In Florida it has been taken only at Lake Worth by
Mrs. Slosson and Ocean Beach by Davis. Hart (1919, 208)
says that this "is in Illinois a characteristic and very common
species of the sand areas. In August it was often common on
the stems of various plants, but its most curious habit was
that of burrowing in the loose drifting sand about the roots
of tufts of grass. Where there was no sign of individuals
above ground, a single turn of the finger in the sand around
a grass plant would frequently bring two or three to the sur-
face. Nymphs were taken at Havana Sept. 20." Van
Duzee (1904, 6) says that it is "quite distinctly transversely
wrinkled on the disk of pronotum and scutellum." Uhler does
not mention such wrinkles and none of the specimens at hand
show them, all having the punctures dense and aciculate, the
punctures being connected by very fine lengthwise sulci, each
of which has a minute ridge each side, thus giving a peculiar
subopaque finish to the surface.

22 (40). Cydnoides renormatus (Uhler), 1895, 11.

Oval, subdepressed. Black, shining, base of both corium and clavus
ivory-white, almost impunctate. Head rather finely, unevenly, rugosely
punctate. Pronotum twice as wide as long, feebly convex; disk with a
vague premedian transverse groove marked with fine impressed lines
and on sides with coarse punctures. Scutellum finely and sparsely punc-
tate, not reaching tip of abdomen, apex bluntly rounded, disk with a wide
punctate depression each side. Length 3.5 — 3.8 mm.

Denver, Colo., July (Barber). One specimen in the Urbana
collection from northern Illinois. Known only from these two
states.

THE NEGRO BUGS.

61

II. Galgupha Amyot & Serville, 1843, 68.

Small oval convex species having the head subtriangular,
broader than long, its apex bluntly rounded ; cheeks equalling
or slightly shorter than tylus ; beak reaching or surpassing
middle coxae ; antennae rather stout, second joint less than

one-third the length of third,
3 — 5 subequal ; pronotum quad-
rangular, nearly twice as wide
as long, its side margins entire,
not ciliate; scutellum very
large, covering almost entire
abdomen, its apex broadly
rounded ; elytra with corium
very narrow, its apex acute;
connexivum not exposed; area
of meso- and metapleura sur-
rounding the osteole opaque,
transversely rugose ; hind tibiae
armed with five rows of strong
spines and with a linear ridge
or carina on under or posterior
, surface. Genital plate of male

Fig. 12. Showing venation of corium r

and form of scuteiium in Oaigupfta; 43, aim0st concealed by the large

corium of aterrima; 44, of nitiduloides ; •> °

45, of nigra; 54, scuteiium of aterrima; sixth ventral, its hind margin

do, of nittdnloidcs.

(After Hart & Malloch).

SS

emarginate.

subtruncate, sometimes slightly
Five of our eastern species belong to this genus.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GALGUPHA.

i. Surface highly polished, punctures of upper surface, except on sides
of scuteiium, very few; corium without a distinct ridge inside the
costal groove; pronotum and scuteiium evenly convex, their bases
at same level; larger, length, 5 — 6 mm. 23. ATRA.

i. Surface above distinctly punctate; corium with a distinct ridge
inside the costal groove; pronotum higher than scuteiium, their
bases forming a transverse groove; smaller, not over 4.5 mm.
b. Form more oval, slightly narrowed behind; surface shining black,
distinctly not closely punctate.
c. Scuteiium not abruptly declivous at apical third (fig. 12, 55) ;
venation of corium as in fig. 12, 4-4,' fore femora with median
spine on lower front margin distinctly longer than the other two.
d. Joint 3 of antennae two and one-half times as long as 2; side
margins of head reflexed ; jugae with oblique impressions.

24. NITIDULOIDES.

62 FAMILY III. — CORIMEL,£NIDj£.

dd. Joint 3 of antennae less than twice as long as 2 ; side margins

of head thickened, but not refiexed ; jugae without oblique

impressions. 25. ovalis.

cc. Scutellum rather abruptly declivent at apical third (fig. 12, 54) ;

venation of eorium as in fig. 12, 43 ; fore femora with first and

second spines subequal in length. 26. aterrima.

bb. Form rounded or short oval, not narrowed behind ; surface above

densely punctured, faintly tinged with brassy; venation of

eorium as in fig. 12, 45. 27. nigra.

23 (27). Galgupha atra Amyot & Serville, 1843, 68.

Broadly oval, convex above, very little narrowed behind. Black, shin-
ing; antennae reddish-brown, the last two joints darker; beak almost
reaching hind coxae, dark reddish-brown, the tip black; tarsi pale.
Osteolar area opaque, finely transversely rugose. Head much wider than
long, its apex obtuse; cheeks very finely, not closely punctate. Pronotum
nearly twice as wide as long, side margins curved, rather broadly re-
flexed; disk minutely, obsoletely punctate, more evidently so in a wide
vague depression behind the front angles. Scutellum almost smooth
at middle, rather closely and finely aciculate punctate along the sides.
Corium rather wide, acute at apex, finely and sparsely punctate. Abdo-
men finely and closely aciculate-punctate along the sides, the middle
almost smooth; propleura minutely punctate. Fore femora with three
short subequal spines. Genital plate of male about three times as wide
as long, finely and sparsely punctate, its hind margin refiexed. Length,
5 — 6 mm.; width, 3.2 — 4 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 12 — Dec. 10. Occurs in
summer on grass and weeds in moist soil along roadsides,
forests and borders of streams ; in autumn beneath leaves and
fallen masses of blue-grass. Hibernates singly beneath logs,
root leaves of mullein and other convenient hiding places.
Ormond, Sanford, R. P. Park and Dunedin, Fla., March 21-
April 6. Frequent about Dunedin in late March on weeds in
low damp grounds. Recorded from several other stations by
Barber and Van Duzee and probably occurs throughout the
State.

The known range of this, our largest and most shining
species, extends from Quebec and New England west to Mani-
toba and Colorado, and south and southwest to Florida, Texas
and Mexico. It has been recorded by various authors as C. uni-
color Pal. Beauv., but Uhler (1878, 366) states that compari-
sons with the Beauvois types made for him by Signoret and
Scudder showed it to be different. Stoner found it abundant
in late June at Ft. Madison, Iowa, on barley and Plantago aristata
Michx.

THE NEGRO BUGS. 63

24 (28). Galgupha nitiduloides (Wolff), 1802, 98.

More narrowly oval than atra, feebly but obviously narrowed behind.
Black, shining; antennae reddish-brown, darker toward apex; tarsi pale.
Head less broad, the apex less obtuse; cheeks densely, rather coarsely
punctate. Beak reaching middle coxae. Pronotum and scutellum finely
rather evenly and shallowly punctate, more densely, somewhat aciculately
so on sides. Corium narrower and more acutely pointed than in atra, its
outer margin bordered internally by a distinct ridge. Abdomen finely
punctate throughout, much more densely so on sides; propleura smooth;
osteolar area with the usual opaque rugose surface. Genital plate of
male more than three times as wide as long, its hind margin subtruncate.
Length, 4 — 4.5 mm. ; width, 2.7 — 3.5 mm.

Lake, Marion, Vigo, Knox and Perry counties, Ind., Feb.
28 — July 4 ; probably occurs throughout the State, but appar-
ently less common than atra. Agricultural College, Miss.
(Weed). Occurs on vegetation, especially that of hazel and
milkweed, along the edges of woodland and cultivated fields.
Hibernates as imago. Ranges from Ontario and New England
west to Colorado and south to North Carolina, Texas and
Guatemala. Not as yet recognized from Florida. Van Duzee
(1894, 169) reported it as rare about Buffalo, N. Y., and
(1904, 5) as "abundant on Plantago purshii R. & S. at Ft. Collins,
Colo. These were resting on the flower spikes in all stages of
development, and perhaps one-half of them were covered with
a dusky 'bloom' which gave them a dull bluish-black appear-
ance. This is likely connected with the breeding season as is
the 'bloom' often found on certain species of Euschistus." The
Thyreocoris histeroides Say (I, 311) is a synonym of this species.
Zimmer (1911, 245) distinguishes nitiduloides from atra
mainly by the former having:

"A deeply impressed line arising between the subcostal and cubital
nervures at their base and running parallel to the former, leaving a
distinct ridge parallel to it which extends the greater part of the length
of the corium. This shows more plainly when the insect is viewed
directly from above. In atra there may be a somewhat raised portion
just within the subcostal nervure, but it is not bounded inwardly by a
distinct impressed line." In differentiating it from C. nigra he says:
"There is also in nitiduloides a finely impressed line just exterior and
parallel to the cubital nervure and reaching nearly or quite to the tip
of the corium, making the nervure appear double, while in nigra this
line is absent, though a broken row of rather coarse punctures may
occupy nearly the same position and the suture itself be lost in the
punctate groove."

64 FAMILY III. — CORIMEL^NID^E.

25 ( — ). Galgupha ovalis Hussey, 1925, 62.

Broadly oval, slightly obovate. Black, strongly shining; head, scutel-
lum and elytra tinged with bronze; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown.
Upper surface finely and sparsely punctate, more vaguely so on disks of
pronotum and scutellum. Head across the eyes twice as wide as long,
flattened each side of apical third of tylus; beak reaching middle coxae.
Pronotum almost twice as wide as long, sides strongly deflexed, their
margins evenly rounded. Corium as in nitiduloides, the impression
shallower and more prolonged backward. Ventrals coarsely, unevenly
and shallowly punctate. Sixth ventral of male very deep at center, its
inner apical angles depressed next to the genital, the latter four times
as wide as long. Other characters as in key. Length, 4.5 mm.

Macon, Ga., April 6; type and paratype (Hussey). Known
only from that, the type locality. Allied to nitiduloides, "but
proportionally broader at humeral angles and more distinctly
narrowed behind, third antennal shorter, oblique impressions
on juga wanting, margins of head not reflexed and sixth ventral
of male very different." (Hussey).

26 ( — ). Galgupha aterrima Malloch, 1919, 210.

Closely allied to nitiduloides and distinguished mainly by the char-
acters given in key. Form more oblong-oval. Color the same. Apex
of head more distinctly margined, the margin reflexed. Genital plate of
male with hind margin more concave and rather strongly reflexed
Length, 4.2—4.7 mm.; width, 3 — 3.2 mm.

Knox Co., Ind., Sept. 12 (W. S. B.). Dongola, 111., May 10.
Recorded by Malloch from numerous stations in Illinois, April
12 — June 14; also from Beltsville, Md. He states: "This is
very probably the form referred to by Van Duzee (1904, 5)
as nitiduloides var." The specimens of Van Duzee were from
Buffalo, N. Y., and New Jersey.

27 (31). Galgupha nigra (Dallas), 1851, 57.

Rounded or broadly oval, convex. Black with a slight brassy tinge,
antennae reddish-brown to fuscous ; legs dark reddish-brown to piceous,
tarsi paler. Head one-half wider across the eyes than long, its margins
reflexed, not sinuate; cheeks finely, densely, confluently punctate. Prono-
tum two-thirds wider than long, sides broadly rounded, disk finely,
densely, aciculately punctate, giving it a subopaque, shagreened appear-
ance. Scutellum with disk more finely, less closely punctate and with a
rather deep coarsely punctate depression behind each basal angle, the
sides and apical third strongly declivent and more densely punctate.
Elytra sparsely and finely punctate, the corium with external ridge

THE NEGRO BUGS. 65

much as in nitiduloides. Sculpture of under surface as there, the
propleura minutely granulate. Front femora with two short spines on
apical third of lower surface. Length, 3 — 4.2 mm.; width, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Lake, Starke, Putnam and Vigo counties, Ind., scarce,
March 20 — June 26. Hibernates beneath logs and in spring and
summer found on weeds in the vicinity of water. Ranges from
Ontario and Indiana to Colorado and Arizona. The types of
Dallas were from Hudson's Bay. Malloch (1919, 210) states
that it is found throughout Illinois, but not common, July 9-
Oct. 17.

In form and sculpture nigra more closely resembles C.
ciliatus than any of our other species. The bases of pronotum
and scutellum are not transversely wrinkled as stated by Van
Duzee (1904, 6), but aciculately punctate and the surface has
a faint but evident brassy tinge.

III. Corimel^na White, 1839, 539.

Differs from Galgnpha mainly by the characters given in the
generic key. With the exception of anthracina our species have
the costal margin of elytra in part or wholly ivory-white. The
cheeks are usually slightly shorter than tylus ; pronotum im-
pressed on sides near hind angles, its margin at this point
nearly vertical ; scutellum with an impressed line on basal half
near the lateral margins ; hind tibiae with four rows of short,
widely placed spines and without a longitudinal carina.

Six species are recognized from the eastern United States.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CORIMEL^ENA.

a. Elytra wholly black; reflexed narrow side margins of pronotum obso-
lete before reaching the polished nodulose hind angles.

28. ANTHRACINA.

act. Elytra with yellowish-white markings along the costal margins,
these sometimes very short; reflexed side margins of pronotum
continued around the nodulose hind angles.
b. Hind tibiae with three or four spines on posterior dorsal face,
the basal one very small.
c. Pale border of elytra not widened near base.

d. Larger, 3.5 — 4 mm. 29. lateralis.

dd. Smaller, less than 2.5 mm. 30. marginella.

cc. Pale border of elytra widened near base, crossing the sub-costal

nervure onto corium ; horny costal margin of elytra with apex

obtusely rounded; length, 2.5 — 3 mm. 31. pulicaria.

66 FAMILY III. — CORIMEL^ENID/E.

1>I>. Hind tibiae without spines on posterior dorsal face, rarely with

minute setulae present; horny costal margin of elytra acute at

apex.

e. Smaller, length less than 2.7 mm.; genital plate of male wholly

black. 32. harti.

ee. Larger, length, 3 — 4 mm.; genital plate of male yellowish along
the upper margin; hind tibiae with one or two weak setulae on
the posterior dorsal face. 33. agrella.

28 (29). Corimel^na anthracina Uhler, 1876, 270.

Broadly ovate. Black, strongly shining; antennae reddish-brown;
legs piceous, the tarsi paler. Head rather coarsely, densely, confluently
punctate. Pronotum nearly twice as wide at base as long; disk rather
strongly convex, finely, evenly punctate, more densely so on sides;
nodules above hind angles smooth, the side margins reaching their
front. Scutellum more finely and sparsely punctate, the sides at base
more coarsely so. Other characters as in key. Length, 4.5 — 4.8 mm.

Dilley, Ore., (Barber). Malloch (1919, 213) records a
specimen from Lake Superior in the Urbana collection. Ranges
from there and Nebraska west to the Pacific.

29 (34). Corimel^ena lateralis (Fabricius), 1803, 142.

Broadly oval, convex, but slightly narrowed behind. Black, shining;
costal border of elytra edged with yellowish-white, usually for nearly its
entire length, but often only near apex ; ends of sixth ventral and, in
female, of genital segment, similarly edged with ivory-white; antennae
reddish-brown, the apical joints darker ; beak dark reddish-brown ; tarsi
paler. Head triangular, one-half wider than long, apex obtuse; cheeks
scarcely margined, finely, densely and deeply punctate, slightly shorter
than tylus. Pronotum sparsely, unevenly, finely punctate on disk, the
sides densely and more coarsely so, the base almost smooth; humeri
prominent, tubercular, with a vague depression before and a deeper one
behind their base. Scutellum with a faint wide shallow impression behind
each basal angle, this and the sides rather coarsely and closely punctate,
disk finely, very sparsely and shallowly punctate. Corium nari-ow, finely
punctate, its apex acute. Abdomen finely, densely striate-punctate on
sides, much more sparsely punctate at middle; prothoracic pleura
coarsely and closely punctate. Spines of all the tibiae short and weak.
Basal genital plates of female as broad as long. Length, 3.5 — 4.2 mm.;
width, 2.7 — 3 mm.

Marion, Jennings and Crawford counties, Ind., scarce.
May 6 — July 30. Occurs on weeds and tall grass in the vicinity
of water. Dunedin, Ft. Myers and Chokoloskee, Fla., Nov. 22 —
April 27; occurs in numbers throughout that State. About
Dunedin it is found in spring on ferns in dense hammocks and

THE NEGRO BUGS. 67

on the leaves of semiaquatic plants along the margins of ponds.
The known range of the species is a wide one, extending from
Massachusetts west to Nebraska and south to Florida, Texas
and Mexico. It is apparently more common in the south, the
northern records mostly reporting it as rather scarce. Uhler
(1876, 271) says "it abounds on the prairies of Illinois," while
Malloch (1919, 213) reports it as widely distributed, but not
abundant in that State. Parshley records it from but four sta-
tions in New England. Stoner (1920, 28) says it is nowhere
common in Iowa. The C. gilletti Van D. (1904, 8) is a synonym.
From our other species with white markings on sides of elytra
it is easily distinguished by its much larger size. These mark-
ings, however, vary to some extent, being often interrupted at
middle and sometimes present only near apex, but never
widened at base or crossing the subcostal nervure onto the
corium as in pulicaria.

30 ( — ). Corimel^ena marginella Dallas, 1851, 59.

Very small, broadly oval, convex. Black, shining, often with a
slight brassy lustre, the costal border of elytra with an entire calloused
yellow, orange-red or ivory-white line which is not widened at base;
margins of sixth ventral and, in females, of genital plate, orange-red;
antennae dull yellow, the terminal joints usually darker; femora black,
tibiae piceous, tarsi paler. Head broader across the eyes than long;
tylus slightly longer than cheeks, its tip yellowish, feebly thickened and
upturned to resemble a small tubercle; cheeks slightly sinuate in front of
eyes, rather coarsely and very densely punctate; beak reaching base of
second ventral. Pronotum finely and densely striate-punctate, the basal
portion elevated above the plane of the scutellum and more shallowly,
less roughly punctate; humeri subtuberculate, almost smooth at apex.
Scutellum with disk very finely, sparsely and vaguely punctate, the sides
more coarsely, deeply and densely so. Corium very small and narrow,
acute at apex, with a few minute punctures. Abdomen with sides finely
and closely punctate, the middle almost smooth. Length, 2.2 — 2.7 mm. ;
width, 1.3 — 1.7 mm.

Perry County, Ind., May 16 (W.S.B.). Lakehurst, N. J.,
May 29 (Davis). Lakeland, Dunedin, Sarasota, Ft. Myers, R.
P. Park and Key West, Fla., Nov. 21-May 7. The single Indiana
specimen was taken while sweeping herbage along the banks of
the Ohio River and well represents the character of the Aus-
troriparian fauna which extends northward into southern In-
diana. In Florida this is by far the most common and widely
distributed member of the familv and has been recorded from

68 FAMILY III. — CORIMEL>ENID>£.

many stations as pulicaria (Germ.) which species, as differ-
entiated below, appears to be very scarce in that state. About
Dunedin marginella occurs on the foliage and flowers of various
plants, both in low mucky and high sandy soils, being especially
frequent in early spring on the flowers of the dwarf papaw,
Asimina parviflora Michx., while at Ft. Myers both it and C.
lateralis were taken in some numbers while sifting the debris
of subaquatic plants along the margins of an extinct wet
weather pond.

Dallas (loc. cit.) records his types of marginella from "New
York : presented by Edward Doubleday," and not from Hud-
son's Bay as erroneously stated by Van Duzee (1904, 9).
Doubleday collected both in Florida and New York and it is
possible that the types of marginella were really from the for-
mer state if not from southern. New York. The C. nanella
McAtee, described by Malloch (1919, 215) from Virginia and
Maryland, is a synonym of marginella. As there is so much
confusion in the synonymy, the range of this small southern
form is difficult to state. Since it occurs as far north as
southern Indiana and New Jersey, it probably takes the place
of pulicaria in most of the southern states and has been re-
corded by Distant from Mexico.22

31 (37). Corimel^ena pulicaria (Germar), 1839, 39.

Oval, convex, widest across the humeri. Black, shining; costal mar-
gin of elytra ivory-white or orange-red, this pale color widened at base,
crossing the subcostal nervure and covering the
apical half or more of corium; ends of fifth and
sixth ventrals and, in female, of genital plate,
yellow or orange-red; antennae reddish-brown, the
terminal joints darker; femora piceous, knees and
tibiae reddish-brown, tarsi paler. Head as broad
between the eyes as long, its apex less produced
and more obtuse than in marginella; cheeks more
finely, less closely punctate than there, the tip of
tylus slightly recurved, not tuberculate; beak
Fig. 13, x 8. reaching hind coxae. Disk of pronotum finely

and shallowly punctate, more closely so in front
and on sides than on basal portion, the latter elevated above the base

"Uhler (1863, L55) described Corimeloena minuta from Cuba, and there is no
character in his description which distinguishes it from marginella as here recog-
nized. Van Duzee (1904, 76) records minuta from Jacksonville. Fla.. and. in his
catalogue, from Florida and Texas. Barber (Ms.) states that minuta differs from
marginella by being "very closely and coarsely punctate." and states that Van Duzee
was probably in error in regard to its occurrence in the two States mentioned. Since
Van lui/.ee in his i!r_\". paper does not recognize it from this country, l have not in-
cluded il in (lie kevs.

THE NEGRO BUGS. 69

of scutellum, giving the appearance of a groove between them; humeri
prominent, rounded, almost smooth. Scutellum finely, shallowly punctate
throughout; sparsely so on disk, more densely so on sides, the impres-
sions at basal angles with coarser punctures. Elytra with inner black
portion sparsely punctate. Abdomen densely and finely punctate on
sides, the middle nearly smooth; osteolar area, as in our other species,
opaque and finely transversely rugose. Prothoracic pleura finely and
closely punctate. Length, 2.7 — 3.2 mm.; width, 2 — 2.2 mm. (Fig. 13).

Common throughout Indiana, Feb. 11 — Nov. 17. Dunedin,
Fla., Nov. 29— Jan. 11 (W. S. B.). Agricultural College, Miss.
(Weed) . In Indiana it occurs in spring and summer on flowers
of various kinds, especially those of the wild plum and Jersey
tea ; hibernates beneath logs, mullein and other cover, and early
in April often common beneath dead leaves along fence rows
and borders of woods. Ranges from Quebec and New Eng-
land west to British Columbia and Colorado, and south to
Mississippi, Florida and Texas. Apparently common every-
where throughout most of its range and at times quite in-
jurious to vegetation. Forbes (1905, 115) says that:

"In Illinois it is often abundant during the greater part of the sum-
mer on a great variety of weeds and cultivated plants, the juices of
which it sucks through its tubular beak to the occasional serious injury
of the crop. The favorite food plants of the species seem to be Jersey
tea, Ceanothus americana L., Spanish needles, and a small door-yard
weed, Veronica peregrina L. It is probable that the insect breeds prin-
cipally on these plants. Wheat, blue-grass, strawberry and celery have
been injured by them, and they often occur on cultivated berries to which
they give a disagreeable taste. The species is single-brooded, the adults
hibernating and appearing in early spring and laying eggs in May and
June. The young which hatch from these eggs rarely fail to reach
maturity by the early part of July, after which the adult insect is com-
mon until fall."

Stoner (1920, 28) states that near Ames, Iowa:

"It was found plentiful in June and July on potatoes, and that an
experiment with 20 of the bugs kept on potato plants in an insectary
showed that 'the feeding punctures made by the insects cause the leaves
to wilt and droop. The bugs seem to feed more upon the tender stems
than upon the leaves of the plants. Near Iowa City, on May 22, great
numbers of this species were swept from smart-weed and other low
weeds growing in an unplowed strip running through the middle of a
field that had been plowed a short time before. Hundreds of specimens
could have been taken with a sweep-net in a few minutes. At Osage the
species was swept from tansy on Aug. 12. In almost every locality

70 FAMILY III. — I'ORIMEL.-ENID^E.

visited it was taken from red clover, and from fields grown up in red
clover, timothy and blue-grass."

From both lateralis and marginella, pulicaria is easily distin-
guished by having the corium in great part white, and from
lateralis also by its much smaller size. The shorter, more obtuse
head, lack of tubercle on tip of tylus, less densely punctate
cheeks, shorter beak and slightly larger size are other char-
acters separating it from the southern species, marginella.

32 ( — ). Corimelvena harti Malloch, 1919, 215.

Broadly oval. Black, shining, with a slight brassy tinge; costal
border of elytra and outer margins of fifth and sixth ventrals ivory-
white ; female with apex of last dorsal also ivory-white ; antennae dull
yellow; femora black, tibiae and tarsi paler. Head broader than long,
finely and rather closely punctate. Pronotum finely and densely punc-
tate, more so on sides where the punctures are sub-strigose or aciculate.
Scutellum as wide as long, the apex broadly rounded, its disk finely,
rather sparsely punctate with sides more closely and coarsely so. Genital
plate of male densely punctate, its upper margin bisinuate. Length,
2.5 mm.

Plummer's Island, Md., Oct. 6 (McAtee). Described from
Makanda, 111., and recorded also from Virginia and Georgia.
Very close to marginella Dall., but lacking the hind tibial spines
and with head less densely punctate.

33 (— ). CoRiMELiENA agrella McAtee, (Hart & Malloch, 1919, 216).

Broadly oval, convex. Black, shining, with a greenish reflection;
costal margin of elytra and outer margin of sixth ventral ivory-white ;
antennae and tarsi pale brownish-yellow, femora and tibiae piceous-
brown. Resembles C. lateralis closely in structure and sculpture, but
body thicker throughout, more broadly rounded behind. Pronotum with
transverse depression more pronounced and humeral angles more con-
vex. Length, 3 — 4 mm.

Plummer's Island, Md., April 26 (McAtee). That is the type
locality but it is known also from Virginia and Kentucky. The
more convex form, with body more broadly rounded behind and
the paler antennae, distinguish agrella from lateralis with which
it is closely allied.

Family IV. CYDNIDAE Billberg, 1820, 70.

The Ground or Burrower Bugs.

Small or medium sized black or brown, oval or oblong sub-
depressed species having the head feebly declivent, clypeate

THE GROUND OR BURROWER BUGS. 71

or semicircular ; cheeks equalling or slightly surpassing tylus ;
antennae 5-jointed, inserted under the sides of head ; beak 4-
jointed; pronotum oval or subquadrangular, its front portion
not or feebly declivent ; scutellum broad, triangular, tapering
behind, its tip reaching only to base of elytral membrane, frena
reaching beyond its middle ; elytra widely exposed, the corium
broad, its apex truncate ; membrane surpassing abdomen, its
veins simple, radiating from the base ; osteolar area usually
opaque, smooth or finely granulate ; tibiae armed with strong
spines, the front ones often widened and f ossorial ; tarsi 3-
jointed.

As already noted, the members of this family are mainly
terrestrial forms which occur in the vicinity of water, where
they burrow in the sand or mold about the roots of tufts of
grass and other plants or are found beneath stones or other
cover, often in the nests of ants. The principal literature avail-
able treating of our species is that of Uhler, 1877; Signoret,
1881—1884 ; Hart and Malloch, 1919, and Stoner, 1920. The
family is poorly represented in North America, but 32 species
belonging to eleven genera being there known. Of these 19
species representing nine genera occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF CYDNID^E.

a. Margins of head and pronotum armed with bristly hairs or short
spines; tibiae closely set with stout spines; front tibiae more or
less compressed; tarsi slender, filiform. (Subfamily Cydninse).
b. Scutellum with apex rounded, the coria not meeting behind its tip ;
form oval; osteolar canal not long, slender or reaching nearly to
end of metasternal plate (except in Macroporus).
c. Hind tibiae strongly flattened and curved, their lower face with
numerous long bristles, the upper one with many stout spines
and bristles ; osteolar opening with only a small external
auricle; length, 6.5 — 9 mm. I. Cyrtomenus, p. 72.

cc. Hind tibiae slender, nearly straight, uniformly spined on both
upper and lower faces.
d. Head without a deep groove beset with numerous irregular
bristles and teeth just within the reflexed margin.
e. Pronotum with a distinct impressed sinuate line just behind its
front margin; length, 5.5 — 8 mm. II. Pang^eus, p. 73.

ee. Pronotum without an impressed line behind the front margin.
/. Smaller, length less than 4.3 mm. ; osteolar tube slender, two-
thirds the length of metasternal plate, prolonged beyond the
opening as a curved flattened semicircular lobe; pronotum
of male without a deep impunctate concavity.

III. Geotomus, p. 76.

72 FAMILY IV. — CYDNID;£.

//. Larger, length 5 or more mm.; osteolar opening anteapical,
prolonged as a short distinct canal; pronotum of male, in
our species with a broad deep impunctate concavity on middle
of apical half. IV. Geocnethus, p. 80.

del. Head with a distinct transverse groove just behind the recurved
margin, the groove thickly beset with irregular bristles and
short spines.
g. Scutellum short, about as broad at base as long, its tip subacute;
osteolar canal reaching almost to outer margin of metasternal
plate, its tip flat, clavately rounded. V. Macroporus, p. 81.
gg. Scutellum longer than broad, its tip rounded; osteolar canal not
more than half the length of metasternal plate.
h. Margins of body fringed with numerous long yellowish hairs;
apex of scutellum broadly rounded; osteolar canal ending in
a rounded concavity. VI. Cydnus, p. 81.

hh. Margins of body not fringed with hairs; apex of scutellum nar-
rowly rounded; osteolar opening not extended as a canal, but
as a flattened oblique plate. VII. ^thus, p. 83.

bb. Scutellum with apex mucronate, the coria meeting behind its tip;
form oblong; front of head with short stout comb-like teeth;
osteolar canal long, slender, reaching three-fourths or more the
distance to outer margin of metasternal plate; length less than
3 mm. VIII. Amnestus, p. 85.

aa. Margins of head and pronotum without bristly hairs or spines; tibiae
with fewer and shorter spines ; front tibiae not compressed ; tarsi
stout, second segment more slender than basal one. (Subfamily
Sehirinte). IX. Sehirus, p. 89.

I. Cyrtomenus Amyot & Serville, 1843, 90.

Species of medium size and oval convex form having the
head broader across the eyes than long, its apex broadly
rounded ; cheeks broad, slightly surpassing tylus and almost
contiguous in front of it, their margin reflexed not sinuate,
setiferous within ; eyes prominent, bluntly subcorneal, coarsely
granulated ; ocelli very large ; beak slender, reaching hind
coxae, the second joint longer than third, fourth shortest ;
antennas short, stout, joint 2 slightly shorter and more slender
than 1, 3 — 5 stouter, fusiform, pedunculate, each one-half
longer than second ; pronotum subquadrangular, somewhat
narrowed in front, hind angles obtuse, front ones rounded,
side margins with erect coarse bristles, nearly straight, nar-
rowly reflexed ; scutellum broad, triangular, with apex bluntly
rounded ; elytra broad, their tips obliquely truncate, side mar-
gins ciliate ; membrane hyaline, much surpassing the abdomen ;
femora broad, subdepressed, beset above and beneath with

THE GROUND OR BURROWER BUGS. 73

bristly hairs ; hind tibiae as described in key ; tarsi slender, the
first joint longer than the other two united.

Two North American species are known, both neotropical,
one extending north into California, the other into the east-
ern states.

34 (44). Cyrtomenus mirabilis (Perty), 1834, 166.

Broadly oval, convex above and beneath. Dark chestnut-brown,
shining; ocelli pale red; antennae, beak and legs brownish-yellow; abdo-
men dark reddish brown. Head with front margin semicircular, surface
impunctate, but with numerous coarse wrinkles and a row of erect coarse
bristles within the refiexed margin, these often eroded. Pronotum with a
rather wide median transverse groove and a median depression near
front margin, these coarsely, irregularly punctate, remainder of disk with
a very few coarse punctaures. Scutellum coarsely and very sparsely
punctate, its sides feebly sinuate near tip; frena extending to the sinua-
tion. Elytra with coarse punctures along the grooves, elsewhere only
vaguely and shallowly punctate. Under surface impunctate, the mar-
gins of abdomen ciliate with a few long remote bristles ; osteolar areas
minutely granulate. Genital plate of male short, almost concealed by
sixth ventral, its hind margin truncate. Length, 6.5 — 9 mm.; width,
4.5 — 5.5 mm.

Dunedin, St. Petersburg and Moore Haven, Fla., Jan. 21 —
June 10. Taken at electric lights and about the roots of tufts
of grass and beneath cover near the margins of ponds and
lakes. Recorded from numerous other Florida stations and
probably occurs sparingly throughout that state. It is our
largest member of the family and ranges from Staten Island,
N. Y., and southern Illinois, south and west to Texas, Califor-
nia and Central and South America. Hart (1919, 205) records
the taking of a single example, Aug. 1, at a street light in
Cairo, 111., and states that "adults and numerous nymphs were
sent me from Georgia as injurious to the chufa or edible sedge-
root, Cyperas esculent us L."

II. Pang^us Stal, 1862, 95.

Broadly oval subdepressed species of large size for the fam-
ily, having the head subporrect, as wide or wider across the
eyes than long, apex very broadly rounded, margin feebly re-
curved but without a groove thickly beset with bristles behind
it ; cheeks wide, flat, their margins not sinuate ; ocelli small,
widely separated ; antennae short, not reaching hind angles of
pronotum, joints 2 and 3 each slightly shorter than 4 or 5
which are subequal in length, subfusiform and stouter than 2 ;

74 FAMILY IV. — CYDNID^E.

beak slender, reaching or surpassing middle coxae, joints 2
and 3 subequal, 4 shorter ; pronotum subquadrate, wider than
long, narrowed in front, its side margins straight from base to
beyond middle, thence rounded to apex, slightly reflexed, beset
within by eight or more bristles ; disk with a deeply impressed
curved line close to front margin, the latter widely and deeply
concave and sinuate ; scutellum fiat, triangular, its apex much
narrower than that of corium, tip narrowly rounded ; corium
with apex straight, oblique, its outer apical angle subacute,
costal margin with 3 — 5 coarse setae-bearing punctures ; con-
nexivum not exposed ; femora armed beneath with a row of
very slender erect bristle-like spines; tibiae slender, armed
with several rows of rather stout, inclined bristles ; hind mar-
gins of sides of ventral segments minutely serrulate ; osteolar
opening with a short, attenuate curved auricle, this indented
behind near its tip.

Six species are recognized by Van Duzee as occurring in
North America, three of which are known from the eastern
states.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF PAXG.EUS.

a. Larger, 6.5 — 8.5 mm.; color usually black, strongly shining.

b. Second and third joints of antennae subequal; impressed line near
front margin of pronotum entire. 35. BILINEATUS.

bb. Second joint of antennae distinctly longer than third; impressed
line of pronotum more or less obsolete at middle, where it is
represented by coarse punctures. 36. discrepans.

ua. Smaller, not over 6 mm.; color piceous or dark reddish-brown; sec-
ond antennal slightly shorter than third. 37. uhleri.

35 (58). Panceus bilineatus (Say), 1825, 315; II, 242.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Head, pronotum, scutellum and under
surface deep black, strongly shining; elytra and legs piceous-black;
antennae, beak and tarsi reddish-brown. Cheeks impunctate, each with
several oblique wrinkles and 4 — 6 erect bristles ; tylus with a few trans-
verse impressions. Pronotum with a vague, feebly impressed, transverse
post-median groove, this limited before and behind by an irregular row
of rather coarse, sparsely placed shallow punctures; disk otherwise
smooth or nearly so, the side margins each with 8 — 10 erect bristles.
Scutellum almost an equilateral triangle, rather finely and very sparsely
punctate. Elytra with two rows of vague shallow punctures near the
inner edge of corium, otherwise nearly smooth, the basal half of costal
border with three or four large punctures, each with a fine inclined
bristly hair; membrane short, brownish-hyaline, but little surpassing the
abdomen. Under surface smooth. Other structural characters as under
generic heading. Length, 6.5 — 8 mm.; width, 3.5 — 4 mm.

THE GROUND OR BURROWER BUGS. 75

Frequent in southern Indiana, April 17 — Oct. 11; not taken
north of Marion County. Occurs singly or in pairs beneath
logs, stones and other cover, usually close to water, but some-
times on the slopes of high hills. One was beaten from oak
foliage. Probably hibernates as imago. Raleigh and Sun-
burst, N. Car., April 12 — May (Brimley) . Sanford, Dunedin,
Istokpoga, Moore Haven, Canal Point, Chokoloskee and Ever-
glade, Fla., Jan. 12 — Sept. 1 (W. S.B.). Listed from numerous
other points in Florida and probably occurs throughout that
state. The single specimen from Dunedin was taken from a
rotten grape-fruit.

This, one of the largest and best known of our Cydnids,
ranges from Quebec and New England west to Iowa and Ne-
braska and south and southwest to Florida, Oklahoma, Texas
and Mexico, but is nowhere found in numbers and usually only
beneath cover. Parshley has not taken it in New England,
and includes it in his list only from the records of Uhler (1877,
384). Hart (1919, 204) mentions it as found in numerous
localities in Central and Southern Illinois, but notes only one
specimen from the northern part of the state. Stoner reports
but a single specimen from each of two stations in Iowa. It
is therefore probably very scarce north of latitude 41 degrees.
Say (I, 323) mentions a variety picea from Indiana as being
"entirely light piceous" in hue. All the Florida specimens
average smaller than those from the north, and have the punc-
tures of transverse impression of pronotum fewer and more
irregularly placed.

36 (56). Pang^us discrepans Uhlev, 1877, 386.

Differs from bilineatus in its more bristly head and relatively longer
and more slender second antennal. Pronotum with sides of apical half
more rounded, the curve beginning at middle, not at apical third as in
bilineatus, disk with transverse impression vague or wanting, but with
numerous punctures across the basal third. Scutellum with more nu-
merous and finer punctures, its tip more narrowly rounded, the trans-
verse line at base deeper and with coarser punctures. Corium relatively
longer and more narrow, its hind margin truncate and apical angle not
prolonged ; membrane shorter and broader than in either of our other
species. Length, 6.5 — 8 mm.

Brownsville, Tex. (U. S. Nat. Mus.) . The recorded range
extends from Indiana and Tennessee, west and south to Califor-
nia and Texas.

76 FAMILY IV. — CYDNID.-E.

37 (57). Panga:us uhleri Signoret, 1882, 253.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shin-
ing; antennae and legs paler. Head wider across the eyes than long,
its apex very broadly rounded ; cheeks obliquely rugose and bearing a few
erect bristles, their margins rather broadly reflexed; second joint of
antennae slender, slightly shorter than third, fourth and fifth a little
longer, subequal. Pronotum about one-third wider than long, its front
margin less deeply concave than in biiineatus, the antemarginal im-
pressed line very fine; disk with transverse impression more shallow,
its punctures very irregular, a small deep round pit near each end of
the front row; side margins narrowly inflexed, armed with eight or ten
short erect bristles. Scutellum finely, sparsely, irregularly punctate,
the narrow transverse impressed basal line finely punctate. Elytra with
corium minutely alutaceous, its basal portion and costal nervure finely
and sparsely punctate; embolium with more numerous fine shallow punc-
tures ; costal edge with three or four setae-bearing ones. Under surface
smooth, polished. Front tibiae fossorial, gradually widened from base
to apex and bearing numerous coarse bristle-like spines. Length, 5.5 — 6
mm. ; width, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Sarasota, Fla., March 4 (W. 5". B.). Raleigh and Beaufort, N.
Car., July 18 — Aug. 20 (Brimley) . Very close to biiineatus, differ-
ing mainly in the smaller size, paler color, more evidently punc-
tate elytra and more expanded apical half of front tibiae.
Known only from North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida
and Texas. The only previous Florida record is that of Barber
of a specimen taken by Engelhardt at Key West in November.
First described by H.-Schaeffer as Cydmis rugifrons, then by
Uhler (1877, 384) as Pangceus rugifrons. That specific name
being preoccupied it was changed to uhleri by Signoret.

III. Geotomus Mulsant & Rey, 1866, 34.

Small oblong-oval or elliptical subdepressed species having
the head broad, subdeclivent, its apex broadly rounded; cheeks
as long as tylus, their margins very narrowly reflexed and bear-
ing a few remote bristles ; antennae reaching base of pronotum,
the joints subequal or gradually increasing slightly in length,
third subclavate, fourth and fifth subf usiform ; beak reaching
middle coxae, its joints gradually decreasing in length ; pro-
notum subquadrate, wider than long, front margin deeply con-
cave, without impressed anteapical line, side margins nearly
straight, narrowly recurved, hind one truncate ; scutellum
elongate-triangular, strongly narrowing towards apex, tip
acutely rounded, overlapping the inner angle of corium ; costal

THE GROUND OR BURROWER BUGS. 77

border of elytra curved slightly inward near its apex, thus ex-
posing very narrowly the hind portion of connexivum ; mem-
brane not surpassing the abdomen, its veins scarcely evident;
osteolar tube slender, two-thirds the length of metasternal
plate, prolonged beyond the opening as a curved flattened semi-
circular lobe ; front tibiae but slightly expanded.

Six species are known from North America, four occurring
in the eastern states.2 :; They are very similar in aspect, and,
as the marginal bristles of head, pronotum and abdomen are
usually eroded, they present a difficult group for classification.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GEOTOMUS.

a. Head distinctly and closely punctate; cheeks flat.
b. Larger, length 3.8 or more mm.
c. Disk of pronotum with a faint but very evident postmedian trans-
verse impression, rather coarsely and closely punctate through-
out except on a small median area; corium black; scutellum
distinctly punctate. 38. ROBUSTUS.

cc. Disk of pronotum without transverse impression, punctate only on
sides; corium piceous-brown; scutellum smooth or nearly so.

39. SUBPUNCTATUS.

bb. Smaller, length not over 3.2 mm.; form elongate-oval. 40. uhleri.

act. Head minutely or obsoletely punctate; cheeks subconvex; corium

piceous-brown. 41. pennsylvanicus.

38 (61). Geotomus robustus (Uhler), 1877, 390.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black, shining; antennae dark reddish-
brown, incisures paler; legs piceous; beak and tarsi reddish-brown. Head
as broad across the eyes as long, its apex bluntly rounded ; cheeks
densely, coarsely, confluently punctate, their margins narrowly recurved ;
tylus transversely wrinkled. Antenna; relatively stout, third joint one-
fourth longer than second, slightly shorter than fourth, fifth longest.
Pronotum subquadrate, convex, about one-fourth wider than long, sides
straight on basal half, curving in front of middle around the obtuse front
angles, their margins very narrowly reflexed, not concave or subex-
planate within; disk with a vague but very obvious broad transverse
groove behind the middle, the median area in front of this almost
smooth, elsewhere densely punctured, more coarsely so on sides. Scu-
tellum elongate-triangular, its apex very narrowly rounded ; disk
coarsely, shallowly and sparsely punctate, the apical third more finely
so. Elytra nearly throughout distinctly, rather finely and closely punc-
tate, the apical half of corium more sparsely so. Propleura coarsely
rugosely punctate; abdomen with sides finely striate, minutely punc-
tate. Length, 3.8—4.2 mm.; width, 2—2.2 mm.

23The Geotomus subglaber I Walker. 1S67. 150). is known only by the single
type specimen in the British Museum labelled "North America." The description is
not sufficiently distinctive for its proper placement, and the locality uncertain. It
is therefore not considered in this work.

78 FAMILY IV. — CYDNID^.

Marion and Perry counties, Ind., scarce, May 21 — Oct. 1.
Specimens taken in May and June were swept from herbage
in dense moist woodlands ; in October by sifting debris from
about the base of a beech tree. Ranges from Massachusetts
west to Nebraska and south to Florida. I have not taken it in
Florida but it is recorded from Tampa, Lakeland and Jackson-
ville, May-November, by Barber. Nothing definite as to its
habits has been published and it appears to be scarce at all
recorded localities.

39 ( — ). Geotomus subpunctatus sp. nov.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Black, shining; elytra and tibiae
piceous; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Head broader across the
eyes than long, its apex evenly semicircular; cheeks densely but more
finely and not confluently punctate as in robustus, their margins more
broadly reflected. Antennae shorter and more slender than in robustus;
joints 2 — 5 subequal in length, 2 cylindrical, 3 and 4 subclavate; 5 fusi-
form, distinctly smaller and less pubescent than in robustus. Pronotum
about one-half wider at base than long at middle, sides slightly curved
from middle to the obtuse front angles, disk with sides rather broadly
flattened and with a wide shallow longitudinal concavity within and
along nearly their full length; surface smooth or minutely very sparse-
ly punctate over the entire median area, the sides densely and finely
punctate. Scutellum relatively shorter and broader than in robustus,
minutely, sparsely and almost invisibly punctate throughout, except
along the submarginal lateral lines. Elytra distinctly punctate only
on narrow basal third of corium, elsewhere very minutely and sparsely
so. Propleura finely strigosely punctate; abdomen minutely and very
sparsely punctate. Genital plate in both sexes distinctly not closely
punctate. Length, 4 — 4.2 mm.; width, 2.1 — 2.3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 6 ; two sifted from vegetable debris
along the bay front (W. S. B.). Wilmington, N. Car., April 17;
Plum Point, Md., Aug. 9 (Barber). The Barber specimens were
labelled "G. robustus Uhler" but they are very different from
that species, as described above and by Uhler, in the charac-
ters given in key, and especially in the form of thorax, the
margins of which are not rounded in front of middle, but only
very slightly curved and sides of disk distinctly more flat-
tened. The punctuation above is everywhere more sparse and
the form more broadly oval.

40 (64). Geotomus uhleri Signoret, 1883, 211.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Black, strongly shining; antennae
reddish-brown, the incisures paler; tibiae piceous; beak and tarsi red-

THE GROUND OR BURROWER BUGS. 79

dish-brown. Head a little wider across the eyes than long, its apex
evenly broadly rounded ; cheeks finely and closely punctate with mi-
nute oblique wrinkles between the punctures, their margins scarcely at
all reflexed; antennae relatively short and stout, joints 2 — 4 subequal,
5 a little longer. Pronotum slightly wider than long, sides straight
from base to apical third, then broadly curved, their margins very nar-
rowly reflexed, front angles obtusely rounded; disk with an evident but
shallow transverse groove behind the middle, the median area in front
of this minutely and sparsely punctate, the sides finely and very closely
so. Scutellum finely, shallowly, unevenly and very sparsely punctate.
Elytra distinctly and rather closely punctate, the apical half of corium
more sparsely so. Sides of abdomen finely densely strigose, under sur-
face elsewhere, smooth or nearly so. Length, 3.2 mm.; width, 1.7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 22 ; one specimen swept from herbage
in low moist ground. Described by Signoret from "North
America," without definite locality. Except in size it is almost
a replica of robustus. The head is less densely punctate, the
pronotum with sides of front half less rounded, the disk more
sparsely punctate behind the transverse groove, the latter
relatively deeper on sides.

41 (62). Geotomus pennsylvanicus Signoret, 1883, 207.

Oblong-oval, subconvex. Black or piceous-black, shining; apical
half of corium and legs piceous; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Head
shorter and more declivent than in preceding species, its apex bluntly
rounded ; cheeks subconvex, impunctate or nearly so, each with a few
fine wrinkles, the margins very narrowly recurved ; antennae with
joints 2 — 4 subequal, fifth longest, fusiform, acutely pointed. Pronotum
subconvex, but slightly broader than long; sides feebly curved in front
of middle, their margin very narrowly recurved ; disk without trans-
verse impression but with a vague shallow longitudinal one each side,
closely and finely punctate on sides and behind, almost smooth in front
of middle. Scutellum strongly tapering to the narrowly rounded apex,
its disk faintly transversely rugose, rather coarsely and very sparsely
punctate, more finely so on apical third. Elytra finely sparsely and
distinctly punctate on basal half, obsoletely so on apical half of corium.
Under surface almost smooth; sides of abdomen minutely strigose. Geni-
tal segment finely and closely punctate. Length, 3.2 — 3.7 mm.; width,
1.8—2 mm.

Blantyre, N. Car., May (Brimley) . Mobile, Ala., April 20
(Gerhard). This is the Melaficethus picinus of Uhler (1877,
391), his specific name being preoccupied. His types were
from York Co., Pennsylvania, and it has been heretofore re-
corded only from that State, Georgia and Illinois; Hart (1919,
204) listing "one specimen from Urbana, 111., Oct. 21." From

80

FAMILY IV. — CYDNID.-E.

our other species it is readily separated by the smooth, sub-
convex, shining cheeks, and from all but subpunctatus by the lack
of transverse impression on pronotum.

IV. Geocnethus Horvath, 1919, 245.

Differs from Geotomus mainly by the characters mentioned
in key and by having joint 4 of antennae distinctly longer
than either 2 or 3, which are subequal in length. The genus
is represented by a number of species in South America but
only one is so far known from this country.

42 ( — ). Geocnethus cavicollis (Blatchley), 1924, 85.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Head, pronotum, scutellum and under
surface black, shining; hind margin of pronotum and corium piceous;
membrane dull whitish- to fuscous-hyaline; antennae, beak, tibia? and
tarsi reddish-brown; femora piceous. Head slightly wider across the
eyes than long, its front margin broadly rounded, thickened and reflexed,
but without bristles or teeth within the margin; cheeks vaguely, trans-
versely rugose, sparsely, irregularly, rather finely punctate, each with
three erect discal seta?. Antenna? with joint 2 more slender than 3 and
almost nude, 3 — 5 thickly pilose with stiff suberect hairs, 5 slightly longer

than 4. Beak reaching middle coxa?.
Pronotum about 'twice as wide as its
median length, the front margin
broadly concave, bordered within by
a regular row of rather coarse punc-
tui-es, the lobes separated only by an
incomplete transverse row of coarse
punctures; side margins feebly sinu-
ate; disk of male with a large, broad,
rather deep impunctate concavity on
middle of apical half, on each side of
this sparsely and coarsely punctate,
the punctures extending along the
sides behind the concavity to basal
third; disk of female with a vague
wide transverse impression. Sub-
margins of head and pronotum with
a few scattered erect bristly hairs.
Scutellum with a submarginal row
of fine punctures and a few coars-
er scattered ones on apical half. Corium with four irregular rows
of punctures, the inner row nearly entire, the others abbreviated ; clavus
with a single row of punctures; membrane not reaching apex of abdo-
men in either sex. Genital plate of male deeply concave above, its apex
broadly rounded. Length, 5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 14).

11. X 8

&1
i Original I

THE GROUND OR BURROWER BUGS. 81

Dunedin, Miaka, Arch Creek and R. P. Park, Fla., Feb. 3 —
April 10. Taken by sifting- dead leaves and beneath cover along
the margins of hammocks. Known also from Gainesville, Fla.,
Alabama and North Carolina. This species forms a sort of con-
necting link between the genera Pangceus and Geotomus. In size
and general facies it more closely resembles the former, but
the preapical impressed line of pronotum, which is the primary
distinguishing character of Paut/ccus, is represented only by a
row of coarse punctures.

V. Macroporus Uhler, 1876, 278.

Broadly oval, sub-convex species, having the margins of
head and pronotum sparsely ciliate ; head broad, its apex blunt-
ly rounded ; cheeks with margins broadly reflexed and with a
distinct submarginal groove beset with short erect spines ; an-
tennae with second joint half as long as third, 3 — 5 subequal,
stouter, submoniliform ; beak reaching middle coxae, joint two
shorter than three and four united, these subequal ; pronotum
subquadrate, front angles rounded, prolonged to beyond middle
of eyes, side margins oblique, feebly curved near apex, disk
narrowed in front and with a vague impressed line behind the
front margin ; corium broad, its hind margin feebly sinuate.
One species is known.

43 (45). Macroporus repetitus Uhler, 1876, 279.

Broadly oval, slightly wider behind the middle. Above dark reddish-
brown; membrane pale translucent; under surface dark chestnut-brown,
legs, antennae and prosternum paler. Submarginal groove of head with
several long hairs in addition to the numerous short spines. Pronotum
with a vague transverse postmedian impression, this and side margins
of apical half thickly punctate, middle of apical half almost smooth.
Scutellum finely sparsely punctate and with a vague median carina.
Corium short, much broadened behind, evenly, rather coarsely and sparse-
ly punctate. Other characters as in key and under generic heading.
Length, 3.5 — 4 mm.

San Gabriel, Cal., June (U. S. Xat. Mus.) . Described from
California. Uhler, (loc. cit.), mentions the finding of a single
specimen beneath a stone on the side of a hill near Baltimore,
Md. Not elsewhere recorded from the East.

VI. Cydnus Fabricius, 1803, 184.

Small or medium sized, broadly oval subconvex species hav-
ing the body thickly fringed with long hairs; head declivent,

82 FAMILY IV. — CYDNIDjE.

its apex broadly rounded; cheeks slightly longer than tylus,
their margins broadly recurved, and beset within with very
numerous erect bristles and short spines; antennae short,
stout, not reaching base of pronotum, second joint much short-
er than third, 3 — 5 subequal ; beak reaching middle coxae, sec-
ond joint shorter than third and fourth united ; pronotum sub-
quadrate, wider than long, its sides feebly curved in front of
middle, front margin deeply concave without impressed line be-
hind it, front angles obtusely rounded, disk with a vague trans-
verse impression at basal third ; scutellum short, broad, tri-
angular, its tip broadly rounded ; corium short, wide, its apex
truncate ; membrane not surpassing abdomen, without veins ;
osteole short, lying very near and parallel to front margin of
metasternal plate, its opening ending in a rounded concavity;
front tibiae fossorial, gradually widened toward apex, beset
with numerous acute spines.

Van Duzee has merged this genus with Aethus Dall, but the
broadly rounded apex of scutellum, much shorter second an-
tennal joint, fringe of long hairs around the entire body, short
veinless membrane, and different form of osteole are sufficient
to justify its retention. Two species are known, one of which
occurs frequently in the eastern states. The other, C. testudi-
natus (Uhler) (1876, 276), was described from California, is
known from Colorado and New Mexico, and is accredited to
"Indiana" by Van Duzee (1917, 20), but no other record of its
occurrence east of the Mississippi can be found, hence it is not
included. There is very little in the original description to
distinguish it from obi i quits.

44 (53). Cydnus obliquus (Uhler), 1872, 394.

Broadly oval, subconvex, obtuse behind, thickly fringed on all mar-
gins with long hairs. Chestnut brown, shining; antennae and legs red-
dish-brown, the tarsi paler. Head declivent, as broad across the eyes as
long; cheeks slightly convex, finely obliquely wrinkled, with a few fine
punctures and a distinct fovea near eyes, each with about ten short sub-
marginal teeth and six or seven longer bristles ; tylus with two teeth ;
occiput more strongly convex, impunctate. Pronotum about one-third
wider than long, subconvex; disk with a curved row of punctures near
front margin behind which is a large curved transverse smooth area;
elsewhere coarsely and closely punctate, more sparsely so near base.
Scutellum with convex area near base almost smooth, behind this finely
and rather closely punctate. Elytra finely and sparsely punctate; costal
edge with eight or ten setae-bearing punctures. Abdomen smooth at

THE GROUND OR BURROWER BUGS. 83

middle, minutely striate on sides. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.; width, 2.5 —
2.8 mm.

Miller, Lake Co., Ind., July 4 (Gerhard). Oregon, 111., June
21 (Hart). Amedee, Cal., July 21 (Gerhard).2* Ranges from
New York and New Jersey west to Oregon and California and
southwest to Texas and Arizona. Not recorded in the east
south of New Jersey. It appears to occur only in sandy areas.
Hart (1919, 205) records the taking of eight, June 21, under
a board in a sand "blowout" at Oregon, 111. Stoner (1920, 34)
has given an interesting account of its occurrence in Iowa
from which I quote as follows :

"The first specimens were found on May 22, 1915, about the roots of
rush grass, Sporobohis cryptandrus (Torr.), growing in a sandy area
two miles north of Iowa City. This uncultivated area of perhaps two
acres extent is near the banks of the Iowa River and supports a typi-
cally arid vegetation. In the numerous visits to this place careful
search about the roots of the rush grass revealed many specimens. Some-
times as many as four adults, but oftener only one or two would be found
among the roots of a single plant. At no time were the insects observed
walking about on the sand. Several times specimens were found with a
small seed of some kind held close to the thorax by the middle pair of
legs. When the insect was freed from the sand and allowed to walk
freely it still clung to the seed, progressing by means of the front and
hind legs only.

"In the summer of 1916 this Cydnid was found in considerable num-
bers on the sandy beach at Gull Point on West Okoboji Lake. On July 4
the nymphs were found to be more abundant than the adults. In all 63
specimens were taken ; 57 of these were nymphs, some still in the first
instar, others apparently ready to molt for the last time. A number of
dead adults and a single live one were also taken. The specimens were
collected from among the roots of the following plants, all of which grew
in considerable abundance on this sandy peninsula: beard tongue, Pent-
stemon grandiflorus Nutt. ; sedge, Cyperus schweinitzii Torr.; worm-
wood, Artemisia caudata Michx., and rush grass, Sporobohis cryptan-
drus (Torr.). Usually not more than three or four nymphs were found
in a single plant; however in one instance 27 nymphs of different sizes
were found in the sand among the roots of one small bunch of the rush
grass."

VII. ^Ethus Dallas, 1851, 110.

Oval or subelliptical subdepressed species having all the mar-
gins ciliate ; head subdeclivent, wider across the eyes than long,

2 'These California specimens were taken by Wickham at an elevation of 4,200
feet and determined by Van Duzee. They are 5 mm. in length and may represent
C. testudinatus Uhler.

84 FAMILY IV. — CYDNID.E.

its apex very broadly rounded ; cheeks flat, equalling tylus,
their margins broadly reflexed, the submargins with numerous
erect teeth and longer bristles ; antennae with second joint
slender, 3 — 5 stouter, subequal ; beak reaching or slightly sur-
passing middle coxae, its basal joint as long as or slightly long-
er than bucculae, second and third joints subequal, fourth short-
er ; pronotum subquadrate, but little wider than long, its sides
feebly curved in front of middle, front margin deeply concave,
without an antemarginal impressed line ; subbasal transverse
impression very faint, with a single very irregular row of punc-
tures; scutellum triangular, strongly tapering, longer than
wide, slightly contracted opposite apex of clavus, the tip nar-
rowly rounded ; corium with hind margin truncate, the outer
apical angle slightly prolonged ; membrane feebly surpassing
abdomen, its veins distinct, simple ; osteole reaching middle of
metasternal plate, its opening minute, extended as a flattened
oblique plate ; front tibiae fossorial, armed with numerous
stout spines.

Besides the species separated above under Cydnus, five others
are recognized by Van Duzee from North America, two of
which occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF .ETHUS.

a. Second joint of antennae more slender and nearly one-half longer
than third, fourth and fifth joints subequal; beak slightly sur-
passing middle coxae. 45. communis.
aa. Second joint of antennae shorter than third, fifth joint longer than
fourth; beak just reaching middle coxae. 46. indentatus.

45 (50). jEthus communis Uhler, 1877, 379.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed, all the margins ciliate. Piceous-black,
shining, tibiae dark reddish-brown, antennae and tarsi paler. Head wider
across the eyes than long, its apex very broadly rounded; cheeks slightly
convex, smooth or nearly so, each with a bristle-bearing fovea near eye
and another near apical fourth of tylus, the submargin of each also with
10 — 12 short erect acute bristle-like teeth and four or five much longer
bristles. Pronotum about one-fourth wider than long, its sides curving
from apical third to the obtusely rounded front angles; disk smooth ex-
cept for a few rather coarse punctures along the front edge and behind
the front angles, the vague transverse subbasal impression with a very
irregular row of similar punctures. Scutellum very sparsely and coarsely
punctate, the convex basal portion and flattened tip almost smooth. Ely-
tra rather coarsely and evenly, not closely punctate, the apical third of
corium much more sparsely so; costal border with six to eight coarse setae-

THE GROUND OR BURROWER BUGS. 85

bearing punctures. Under surface smooth, the margins of abdomen with a
few minute bristle-bearing punctures. Genital plate of male broadly scoop-
shaped, minutely punctate. Length, 6—7.5 mm.; width. 3.5 — 4 mm.

Putnam Co., Ind., Aug. 26; two specimens from beneath
stones in woodland pastures. Ormond, Dunedin, Chokoloskee
and Long Key, Fla., Nov. 16 — June 1 (W. S. B.). Recorded also
by Uhler from St. John's River and Orange Springs, Fla., and
probably occurs along or near the coasts of the entire state.
One of my Dunedin specimens was taken from the axils of the
leaves of a thistle on Hog Island, the others from beneath the
debris of weeds on the bay beach or crawling along the con-
crete gutters or in excrement. Described from Cuba and known
heretofore in this country only from Florida and Texas.

46 (51). ^thus indentatus (Uhler), 1877, 380.

"Oval. Pale rufo-castaneous; antennae pale ocherous or ferrugi-
nous; legs ocherous or pale rufo-flavous, tarsi paler yellow. First joint
of antennae stout, reaching a little beyond margin of head ; second slen-
der, shorter, a little shorter than third; the third increasing toward the
tip, subequal to fourth; fourth and fifth fusiform, the latter longest.
Rostrum extending to the intermediate coxae. Pronotum highly polished,
subquadrate; anterior lobe a little convex, impunctate, excepting on
sides, the transverse line feeble, placed far behind the middle, set with
a few fine remote punctures and with a few fine punctures behind it.
Corium with fine scattered punctures around the sides and ends; costal
margins with one setigerous pit near the base. Length, 5.5 — 6.5 mm.;
width of base of pronotum, 2 — 2.5 mm." (Uhler).

The above comprises the more important parts of the origi-
nal description. The species was described under the name
Rhytidophorus indentatus from Cuba and southern Florida. Bar-
ber (1914, 525) recorded specimens as in the Davis collection
taken at Lakeland and Key West, Fla., but an examination of
these shows them to be A. communis (Uhl.). McAtee (Ms.)
states that there is no specimen bearing Uhler's name in the
National Museum collection.

VIII. Amnestus Dallas, 1851, 126.

Very small, oblong or elongate-oval subdepressed species
having the head declivent, longer than wide ; tylus slightly
longer than cheeks, its front margin recurved and bearing four
short blunt, comb-like teeth, cheeks each with four or five simi-
lar teeth ; antennae slender, the second joint less than one-third

86 FAMILY IV. — CYDNID^E.

the length of third ; beak reaching or surpassing middle coxae,
joints 2 and 3 usually subequal, 4 shorter; pronotum subquad-
rate, wider than long, front angles rounded, disk with front
portion convex, elevated and separated from the shorter hind
one by a more or less evident transverse groove ; scutellum tri-
angular, broader at base than long, its tip very acute, the coria
meeting behind it; elytra with corium much widened behind,
its apex distinctly sinuate; membrane whitish-hyaline, much
surpassing the abdomen, its veins evident but very fine ; osteo-
lar canal long, slender, attenuated, feebly curved, distinctly
grooved, almost reaching outer edge of metasternal plate;
metasternum extended backward in the form of a thin plate
which is widened towards the sides to cover the first and second
ventrals ; front tibiae f ossorial, gradually widened toward apex ;
front femora of female usually with a bifid tooth.

Eight species are known, mostly from tropical or subtropical
America, five of which occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF AMNESTUS.

a. Larger, length 3.2 or more mm.; color a uniform dark chestnut-
brown. 47. SPINIFRONS.
aa. Smaller, not over 2.7 mm.; color in part or wholly pale yellowish- or
reddish-brown.
b. Elevated front portion of pronotum rather evenly and coarsely
punctate; cheeks each with four submarginal teeth.

c. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.; form elongate-oval. 48. pusillus.
cc. Length less than 2 mm. ; form elongate-quadrangular. 49. PUSIO.

bb. Elevated front portion of pronotum sparsely, finely and unevenly
punctate.

d. Color a nearly uniform pale yellowish-brown; cheeks each with

five submarginal teeth. 50. pallidus.

dd. Head, pronotum and scutellum dark reddish- to chestnut-brown;
elytra brownish-yellow; cheeks each with four irregular sub-
marginal teeth. 51. subferrugineus.

47 (67). Amnestus spinifrons (Say), 1825, 316; II, 242.

Elongate-oval, subconvex above, more convex beneath. Above chest-
nut-brown, the elytra somewhat paler; antennae and under surface red-
dish-brown; legs dull yellow. Head narrowly oval, longer than wide;
cheeks rugose, coarsely unevenly punctate, each with five, rarely six,
erect, blunt submarginal teeth, and a few very fine bristles; tylus with
four similar teeth; antennae with joint 3 longest, subclavate, 4 — 5 sub-
equal, all thickly pubescent; beak reaching hind coxae, its third joint
longer than second. Pronotum convex, but slightly wider than long,

THE GROUND OR BURROWER BUGS. 87

sides straight from base to middle, thence broadly rounded to apex, their
margins very narrowly reflexed, remotely ciliate; disk in great part
rather coarsely and closely punctate, the anterior elevated portion and
extreme base finely and sparsely so, the transverse groove shallow and ill
defined. Scutellum short, convex, triangular, rather coarsely and re-
motely punctate, its submarginal impressed lines finely and closely punc-
tate. Elytra rather finely, evenly and closely punctate, the middle of
apical half of corium more finely and sparsely so; outer apical angles of
corium surpassing the abdomen, inner ones meeting behind the acute
apex of scutellum. Abdomen minutely and sparsely punctate, each punc-
ture bearing a very fine prostrate yellowish hair. Front femora of
female with an oblique bifid tooth. Length, 3.2 — 4.2 mm. ; width, 2 mm.

Lake, Steuben, Kosciusko, Marion, Putnam and Vigo coun-
ties, IncL, May 1 — Oct. 21. Not taken in the southern counties
and scarce wherever found. Taken by sweeping herbage or
sifting debris in low moist grounds. Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 27-
March 23 ; the first record for that State. Say's types were
from Missouri and its known range extends from New England
to Nebraska, and south to Florida and Texas. Uhler ( 1877,
371) records one as taken near Baltimore March 18, beneath
decaying wood in a loamy valley, and another March 28 frcm
Massachusetts, so that it probably hibernates as imago. Hart
records it only from central and northern Illinois, March to
November; Stoner and Zimmer as very rare in Iowa and Ne-
braska, the former sweeping it from blue-grass on sandy knolls.

48 (68). Amnestus pusillus Uhler, 1876, 278.

Elongate-oval, subconvex. Pale brownish-yellow, antenna?, legs and
beak dull yellow. Head sculptured as in spinifrons; cheeks each with
four long teeth. Pronotum subquadrate, one-third broader than long,
the transverse groove narrow, deep, not reaching the margins; sides of
apical half distinctly rounded, with margins subexplanate; disk coarsely
and evenly, not closely punctate, more finely so near base; humeri
prominent, smooth. Scutellum coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra
very evenly, coarsely and closely punctate, the middle of corium more
sparsely so, its outer apical angle not passing the abdomen. Abdomen
smooth, finely pubescent; hind femora of female with a long slender
spine. Length, 2 — 2.5 mm.; width, 1.3 — 1.5 mm.

Lake, Tippecanoe, Vigo and Orange counties, Ind., May 25 —
Dec. 23 ; a single specimen on the latter date hibernating
beneath a chunk on a wooded sandy hillside. Raleigh, N. Car.,
June 28 (Brimley). Agricultural College, Miss. (Weed). This
species is less common in Indiana than A. pall id us and occurs in
summer on low vegetation along streams, borders of cultivated
fields and roadsides, also at electric light. Ranges from New

88 FAMILY IV. — CYDNIDjE.

England to Colorado, south to Florida and Texas. I have not
taken it in Florida, but it has been recorded from Crescent City,
Biscayne Bay, LaBelle and Everglade, and probably occurs
sparingly throughout the State. Uhler (loc. cit.) records it
from Cuba, but perhaps confused it with pusio Stal. He states
(1877, 371) that "in the Black Mountain range of North Car-
olina and Tennessee it has been met with in large numbers."
Hart records it from central and southern Illinois, but not
from the northern part of that State, and it occurs very rarely
in both Iowa and Nebraska. The submarginal teeth of cheeks
are distinctly longer, the transverse groove of pronotum deeper
and more sharply limited, and the area in front of it more dis-
tinctly punctate in this species than in A. pal I id us Zimm.

49 ( — ). Amnestus PUSIO (Stal), 1860, 14.

I refer to this species a number of minute specimens taken in
Florida. They are more narrowly elongate than in pusillus, and have
the front portion of pronotum shorter, with side margins less flattened.
Length, 1.8 mm. ; width, 1 mm.

Dunedin, Royal Palm Park and Ft. Myers, Fla., Dec. 10 —
March 28 ; taken from the mucky margins of ponds beneath
decaying remains of pickerel weed ; also at electric light.
Described from Rio Janeiro, Brazil, and recorded from the
West Indies, but not before taken in this country.

50 (69). Amnestus pallidus Zimmer, 1910, 166.

Form and size of pusillus. Pale chestnut-or reddish-brown. Head
as in pusillus, each cheek with five shorter, comb-like teeth. Pronotum
with front portion a little longer, more convex, a transverse row of
punctures near its front margin and a few on
cides, elsewhere very sparsely and finely punc-
tate; transverse groove wider, more shallow,
less well defined, coarsely punctate, the basal
area behind it with punctures less coarse and
more sparse. Scutellum and elytra more finely
and sparsely punctate than in pusillus; corium
with apex trisinuate, its outer apical angle sub-
acute, surpassing the abdomen. Abdomen finely
pubescent. Front femora of female with a large
bifid tooth at basal third of lower surface; tibiae
more pubescent than in pusillus. Length, 2.2 —
Fig. 15, : l?,. (Original). 2.7 mm.; width, 1.1—1.3 mm. (Fig. 15).

Widely distributed but nowhere common in southern
Indiana; Starke County only in the north, April 17 — Aug. 9.

THE GROUND OR BURROWER BUGS. 89

Taken by sweeping low herbage along roadsides and in waste
places. Ranges from Massachusetts west to Nebraska. Prob-
ably confused in many collections with pusillus which super-
ficially it closely resembles. Hart records it from several sta-
tions in different parts of Illinois, April 18 — Dec. 4. Stoner
swept it in June from plantain-leaved everlasting, Antennaria
plantaginifolia (L.), near Iowa City, la.

51 ( — ). Amnestus subferrugineus (Hope), 1837, 19.

Ob'.ong, subconvex. Head and scutellum dark reddish-brown, pro-
notum chestnut-brown, its margins paler; elytra, legs and beak brown-
ish-yellow; under surface chestnut-brown, the sterna and ventrals 4 — 6
paler. Antenna? piceous-black with yellowish hairs, joint 2 very small,
only about one-sixth as long as 3, the latter one-half longer than 4, 5 fusi-
form, more slender than either 3 or 4. Pronotum with sides straight
from base to middle, thence broadly curved to apex; disk with two trans-
verse subapical rows of coarse punctures, the elevated area behind them
finely and sparsely punctate; basal third coarsely and thickly so. Corium
sparsely and coarsely punctate, its outer apical angle not reaching tip of
abdomen. Ventrals minutely punctate, rather thickly and finely pubes-
cent. Length, 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Fla., Dec. 9 ; two specimens sifted from
vegetable debris by the side of picnic table. A neotropical
species described from St. Vincent's Island and not before re-
corded from this country. Prof. H. G. Barber, who identified
them for me, states (Ms.) that he has seen a number from
Porto Rico.

IX. Sehirus Amyot & Serville, 1843, 96.

Small broadly oval, subdepressed species without marginal
cilia?, having the head declivent, longer than wide, its apex
rounded ; cheeks equalling or slightly longer than tylus, their
margins narrowly reflexed, not ciliate or toothed ; antennae
slender, surpassing base of pronotum, their joints gradually
slightly increasing in length ; beak reaching middle coxae,
joints 2 and 3 subequal, 4 shorter ; pronotum one-half wider
than long, sides feebly curved and converging from base to
apex, front angles obtuse ; scutellum equilaterally triangular,
its tip depressed, bluntly rounded ; elytra broad, the apex of
corium subtruncate ; membrane reaching tip of abdomen, its
veins few and very fine ; osteolar opening continued as a long
shallow curved canal, reaching nearly to outer end of meta-

90 FAMILY IV. — CYDNID^E.

sternal plate ; front tibiae enlarged beyond the middle but not
flattened, middle and hind ones terete, slender, all armed with
a few short spines. Genital plate of male broadly scoop-shaped,
its hind margin narrowly reflexed.
One species occurs in North America.

52 (71). Sehirus cinctus (Palisot de Beauvois), 1805, 114.

Broadly oval, subdepressed, bluntly rounded behind. Piceous-black
or blue-black, shining; side margins of pronotum and elytra narrowly
edged with ivory-white; corium often with a small white spot near outer
posterior angle; membrane piceous-brown; antennae piceous, the second
joint and incisures paler; beak, tibiae and tarsi piceous or reddish-brown,
the tibiae with a smooth white line on outer
side. Cheeks not meeting in front of tylus,
finely, closely confluently punctate. Pronotum
distinctly narrowed from base to apex; disk
with a broad, vague shallow transverse im-
pression, in front of which is a curved smooth
area, elsewhere coarsely, unevenly, confluently
punctate. Scutellum obliquely transversely
wrinkled, finely, sparsely, unevenly punctate.
Elytra evenly, finely, not closely punctate. Un-
der surface finely, and regularly punctate, the
middle of abdomen almost smooth. Length
4 — 7 mm.; width, 2.5 — 3.5 mm. (Figs. 9, a and

Fig. 16, X 1". 16).

I After Lugger).

Found throughout Indiana but much more frequent in the
central and southern portion, April 2 — Sept. 18. Evidently hi-
bernates as imago, as specimens have been found crawling
along sandy pathways and beneath logs in early April. In sum-
mer it occurs on milkweed, flowers of wild plum and other
foliage in sandy or alluvial soils, and along fence rows. San-
ford and Dunedin, Fla., April (IV. S. B.) ; taken by sweeping
low vegetation near borders of ponds. These are the only defi-
nite stations for that State, though specimens labelled "Flo-
rida" are in the U. S. National Museum. This is one of our
more common Cydnids, the thickened white edges of pronotum
and elytra and the lack of marginal ciliae making it easily
recognized. Its known range extends from Quebec and New
England west to British Columbia and Nebraska and south to
Florida, Mississippi, Texas and Mexico. Hart (1919, 203) re-
cords it as occurring in sandy regions in numbers on the stems
of the pale horse-mint, Monarda punctata (L.) ; also on sweet
clover and nettle. In Iowa Stoner has found the imagoes hiber-

THE STINK-BUGS. 91

nating beneath sticks and boards in a meadow and beneath
leaves and grass in a sandy pasture near the Iowa River, and in
summer has swept it from raspberry, wild cherry, blue-grass
and timothy. The white spot often found on corium is absent
in all but one of the Indiana and Florida specimens at hand. The
C yd nits ligatus Say (I, 322) is a synonym.

Family V. PENTATOMID^E Leach, 1815, 121.
The Stink-bugs.

Heteroptera of medium or large size and oval subdepressed
form, having the head usually porrect, triangular, much nar-
rower than thorax ; antennae usually longer than head and pro-
notum, 5-jointed, the first joint thickened, the second slender;
beak 4-jointed ; ocelli present ; pronotum subhexagonal, its
front portion more or less declivent, lateral angles usually
prominent, often spinose ; scutellum of medium or large size,
extending beyond middle of abdomen, usually flattened and
narrowed behind to form a triangle, rarely (Stiretrus) U-shaped
and then longer and more convex, its lateral margins each fur-
nished with a frenum reaching or surpassing its middle, on
which, in repose, the inner edge of clavus is received ; corium
with opaque portion broad and subtriangular ; membrane with
numerous veins; tibiae not spinose; tarsi 2- or 3-jointed. The
sexes are readily distinguished, the external genitalia of the
males consisting of several curiously formed hooks covered
wholly or in great part by a convex genital plate, while in the
female there are several smaller plates fitted closely together.

This large family of Pentatomidae is cosmopolitan in dis-
tribution and is best represented in the tropical regions of both
hemispheres. Its members are terrestrial and leaf-eating or
predaceous in habit. But few of them are numerous enough
at any one time and place to do much damage to vegetation,
while some are very beneficial in destroying the young and
adults of other injurious insects. When handled or disturbed
all exude a liquid having a characteristic disagreeable odor
and taste, whence the common family name.

In Europe the female of Acanthosoma grisea L., one of these
Pentatomids, is known to protect both her eggs and the young.
It inhabits the birch, and the 30 or more young, after hatch-
ing, are led about by the mother much as a hen conducts her

92

FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID.E.

chickens. She never leaves them, and as soon as she begins
to move all the little ones closely follow and whenever she stops
assemble in a cluster around her. "When a branch is cut which
is peopled by one of these families, the mother shows every
symptom of excessive uneasiness. In other circumstances such
an alarm would cause her immediate flight, but now she never
stirs from her young, but beats her wings incessantly with a

Lateral angle

Postero-latera!
margin

Postero-lateral

angle
-Clavus

- Claval suture

Point where
frenum ends'PK II

Connexivum

—f—f ~ Membranal
suture

Fig. 17. Apateticua cynicus (Say). Dorsal view X 5. Illustrating parts used in
description of a Pentatomid. (After Parshley in "Hemiptera of Connecticut").

THE STINK-BUGS.

93

very rapid motion, evidently for the purpose of protecting the
young from the apprehended danger." -"•

Exclusive of the subfamily Graphosomatinae, Van Duzee in
his Catalogue lists from America north of Mexico 159 species
of Pentatomidae, distributed among 50 genera. Of these 97
species, representing three subfamilies and 42 genera, are
known to occur in the territory covered by this work. The prin-
cipal literature treating of our North American species is as
follows: Stal, 1867, 1870; Van Duzee, 1904, 1909; Schouteden,
1905, 1907; Bergroth, 1907, 1914a; Summers, 1898; Zimmer,
1911; Parshley, 1915; Hart, 1919; Stoner, 1920.

Fig. 18. Ventral and dorsal views of heads of Pentatomid;e. a and d, of Rhy-
tidolomia; b, of Apateticus; c, of Brochymena. (After Parshley in Psyche).

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF PEXTATOMID^E.

«. Tarsi 3-jointed; sternum of thorax (except in Edessa and Arvelius)
without a central ridge or keel.
b. First segment of beak slender, embedded between the bucculae,
which are wide and parallel (fig. 18, a) ; base of beak distinctly
separated from end of tylus. Subfamily I. Pentatomin^e, p. 93.
bb. First segment of beak short and thick, free, only its base being be-
tween the bucculae, which converge and unite behind or beneath
the beak (fig. 18, b) ; base of beak close to end of tylus.

Subfamily II. Asopin^:, p. 178.

(ia. Tarsi 2-jointed; sternum of thorax with a lengthwise central ridge
or keel ; f rena very long, almost reaching tip of scutellum.

Subfamily III. Acanthosomin^e, p. 204.

Subfamily I. PENTATOMIN^E Stal, 1864, 32, 76.

This subfamily contains the large majority of our stink-bugs.
They vary much in size and appearance, but agree in having
the body more or less oval and subdepressed ; head porrect or
nearly so ; bucculae parallel, not united behind, forming a groove
for the reception of the basal joint of the beak which is normal

25Kirby & Spence. Introduction to Entomology. 6th Ed.. 1859, 203.

94 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

in size ; pronotum with side margins either entire, or armed
with numerous blunt teeth ; scutellum subdepressed, usually
subtriangular, narrowed behind, and shorter than the corium ;
tarsi 3-jointed.

Six tribes of the subfamily are recognized as being repre-
sented in North America. Of these members of four occur in
the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN TRIBES OF PEXTATOMIX^.

a. Body regularly oval, very flat, broadest behind the middle, all the
margins explanate (fig. 19) ; head about as wide as base of scu-
tellum, flat above; scutellum broad, but slightly narrowed apically.

Tribe I. Sciocorini, p. 94.

aa. Body usually broadest at humeral angles of pronotum, its margins

not uniformly flattened ; head narrower than base of scutellum or,

if nearly as wide, not flat above; scutellum narrowed behind.

b. Cheeks usually with a distinct tooth on sides near their tips (fig.

18, c) ; abdomen with a shallow lengthwise median groove; head

very long, its sides not, or but slightly, sinuate in front of eyes;

side margins of pronotum usually with numerous coarse teeth.

Tribe II. Halyini, p. 95.

bb. Cheeks without a lateral tooth near their tips (fig. 18, d) ; abdomen

usually without trace of median groove; head shorter, its sides

more or less sinuate in front of eyes; side margins of pronotum

usually unarmed.

c. Metasternum without a median smooth area as described in cc.

Tribe III. Pextatomini, p. 103.
cc. Metasternum with a broad median smooth area, its front end pro-
longed forward, between the middle coxae and forked, its hind
one strongly notched to receive the ventral spine. (Fig. 35, a).

Tribe IV. Edessini, p. 176.

Tribe I. SCIOCORINI Amyot & Serville, 1843, 118.

This tribe, as characterized in the key, is represented along
the northern border of the United States by a single introduced
European genus and species.

I. SCIOCORIS Fallen, 1829, 20.

Small, broadly oval, strongly flattened species having the
head as wide as base of scutellum, its apex broadly rounded :
cheeks strongly flattened and meeting in front of tylus ; ocelli
very small; pronotum with side margins broadly rounded, en-
tire ; scutellum reaching middle of abdomen, its apex rounded ;
connexivum very wide, almost wholly exposed.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 95

53 (79). Sciocoris microphthalmia Flor, 1860, 114.

Broadly oval, strongly depressed. Upper surface and sterna be-
neath dull yellow, thickly marked with fus-
cous punctures, these in places aggregated
to form small blotches; connexivum al-
ternated with dull yellow and fuscous; mem-
brane hyaline, the veins dusky; antennae
reddish-brown, the apical joints darker; legs
yellow dotted with fuscous; abdomen fuscous,
irregularly mottled with paler. Antennae
slender, joint 2 slightly longer than 3, 4 and
5 subequal, each a little longer than 2. Mem-
brane usually slightly exceeding tip of abdo-
men. Length, 5 mm. (Fig. 19).

Indian Lake, Sabael, N. Y., Aug. 20
(After (Barber). A palsearctic species ranging
in this country from Maine westward,
north of latitude 42°, to North Dakota. Stoner and Hussey
have both recorded it from Douglas Lake, Mich., where it was
taken by sweeping weeds and grasses along the edge of a wood-
land stream.

Tribe II. HALYINI Stal, 1854, 233.

This tribe is represented in the Old World by numerous
genera, but only one is found in North America. This is the
Brochymena of Amyot and Serville, a typical American genus
containing a dozen or more closely related species, nine of
which occur in the eastern states. They are commonly known
as "tree bugs."

I. Brochymena Amyot & Serville, 1843, 106.

Large, broadly oval, subdepressed species having the head
porrect, its sides straight ; cheeks flattened or slightly concave,
equalling or surpassing tylus, the side margin of each usually
with a more or less deep emargination near apex, this forming
a projecting tooth or spine ; antennae slender, longer than head
and thorax, inserted beneath cheeks some distance in front of
eyes; beak reaching or surpassing base of second ventral, its
second and third joints subequal, the fourth one-third shorter.
Pronotum subhexagonal, its front half narrower and on a lower
plane than hind one, its surface very uneven and side margins
with 4 — 8 strong teeth; hind portion elevated, its humeral
angles prominent, strongly projecting; disk rugose, coarsely

96 family v. — pentatomid;e.

irregularly punctate. Scutellum with basal fourth more or less
convex, as wide as central hind margin of pronotum, thence
flattened and strongly tapering to a rounded apex. Elytra al-
most wholly exposed. Connexivum flattened, widely exposed.
Under surface with a median groove, distinct and deep the
length of beak, then gradually evanescent and obsolete on fifth
or sixth ventral.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF BROCHYMENA.

a. Humeral projection of pronotum subquadrate, truncate and armed
with several large acute teeth ; scutellum with basal fourth dis-
tinctly transversely elevated.

b. Color above brownish-yellow tinged with fuscous; antenna? piceous

with incisures only of the segments pale; mesosternum with a
transverse black spot; cheeks surpassing tylus (fig. 18, c) .

54. ARBOREA.

66. Color above pale grayish-yellow; basal fourth or more of each an-

tennal segment pale; mesosternum without a black spot; cheeks

reaching tip of tylus. 55. poeyi.

aa. Humeral projections of pronotum subtriangular or rounded, not or

very bluntly toothed; scutellum not conspicuously elevated at

base.

c. Cheeks distinctly longer than tylus, incurved but usually not con-

tiguous before its apex; second joint of antennae shorter than
third. 56. quadripustulata.

cc. Cheeks equalling or but slightly exceeding tylus, in the latter case
their tips usually parallel, not incurved.
d. Side margins of pronotum behind the sinus entire, unarmed; be-
fore the sinus rounded, white-calloused and obtusely dentate;
front portion of pronotum with a deep median impression each
side of base of which is a large elevated irregular ivory-white
smooth space; basal angles of scutellum each with a similar
smooth space surrounded by very coarse black punctures.

57. MYOPS.
dd. Side margins of pronotum distinctly toothed before and behind the
sinus; pronotum and scutellum without ivory-white smooth
spaces as in d, or, if present, small and indistinct.
e. Second joint of antenna? longer than third.

/. Apex of head triangular, much produced in front of the sinus
of cheeks; humeral projections of pronotum broad with their
tips rounded ; color above black with numerous smooth yellow
markings; length 17 or more mm. 58. cariosa.

ff. Apex of head subtruncate, but little produced in front of sinus
of cheeks, the latter almost obsolete; humeral projections of
pronotum triangular, their tips subacute; color above grayish-
yellow with numerous white and black punctures; length, 13 —
15 mm. 59. pallida.

ee. Second joint of antenna? distinctly shorter than third.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 97

g. Head produced and triangular in front of sinus of cheeks, the
tooth of latter prominent; connexivum with alternate pale and
black spots; length not over 18 mm. 60. carolinensis.

gg. Head but little if at all produced in front of its lateral sinus,
the latter either wanting or with tooth obtuse.
h. Length, 15 — 17 mm.; lateral sinus of cheeks obsolete; con-
nexivum conspicuously alternated with black and red.

61. PUNCTATA.

hh. Length, 20 or more mm.; lateral sinus evident, its tooth blunt;

connexivum fuscous with incisures and entire outer edge dull

yellow. 62. marginella.

54 (81). Brochymena arborea (Say), 1825, 311; II, 239.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Dull brownish-yellow thickly marked
with fuscous punctures ; pronotum with a fuscous blotch in each ante-
apical depression; elytra and scutellum with a few small scattered ele-
vated smooth yellow spots ; each segment of connexivum with a blackish
crossbar across the ends, the middle pale; under surface and legs dull
yellow, the latter annulate with black. Head with cheeks passing the
tylus but not incurved in front of them, subapical sinus deep, rounded,
the teeth prominent, triangular, directed forward and outward; joints
3 — 5 of antennae subequal in length, each one-third longer than second.
Front side margins of pronotum with four or five rather large triangular
teeth and one or two smaller ones between them. Scutellum with a low
median lengthwise ridge, the tip bluntly rounded and impressed. Paired
basal plates of female genital segment strongly convex, declivent be-
hind. Length, 12 — 17 mm.; width, 8 — 10 mm.

Frequent in the southern half of Indiana, April 29 — Oct. 20;
not taken by me in the northern counties. Beaten from foliage
of wild grape and apple and taken Oct. 20 from beneath bark
of oak log. Dunedin, Moore Haven and R. P. Park, Fla., Nov.
17 — April 13 (W.S.B.). Recorded also from numerous other
points in that State. Both adults and nymphs were beaten
from cypress at R. P. Park in December. Its known range ex-
tends from Ontario and New England west to Kansas and
southwest to Florida, Texas and Old Mexico. In the north it
appears to be most frequent in wooded hilly regions and may
often be noted in late autumn sunning itself on the boles of
oak, beech and other trees with whose bark it harmonizes in
hue. In this species and the next the abdomen appears to sud-
denly widen opposite the middle of scutellum, the connexivum
being from there on apparently wider and more exposed than
in the species under act. of the key.

55 (83). Brochymena poeyi (Guerin), 1857, 365.

Form of arborea, averaging somewhat larger. Above pale grayish-
yellow marked with fuscous punctures which are aggregated to form

98

FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID.-E.

small blotches on elytra, also with numerous small irregular smooth yel-
low spaces on scutellum and elytra; membrane of elytra pale with nu-
merous narrow reticulate fuscous lines between the main veins; beneath
uniform pale dull yellow. Head with cheeks equalling, but not surpass-
ing tylus, subapical sinus less deep than in arborea, nearly rectangular,
the tooth small and meeting the cheek almost at right angles. Front
side margins of thorax with six to eight teeth, these longer and more
acute than in arborea. Scutellum with median central ridge, shorter
and less convex, the impression near apex less evident. Other characters
as given in key. Length, 12 — 19 mm.; width, 8 — 10 mm.

Dunedin and Cape Sable, Fla., Dec. 15 — Feb. 29. Beaten
from foliage of deciduous trees along the borders of wet ham-
mocks. Recorded also from Biscayne Bay, Tampa, Orlando
and Big Pine Key, Fla. A West Indian species described from
Cuba and known in this country only from southern Florida.

56

704.

(85). Brochymena quadripustulata (Fabricius), 1775,

Oval, subdepressed, narrower behind than arborea. Above dull
reddish-brown, thickly marked with small fuscous punctures and sparsely
so with small irregular smooth white spaces, the pronotum and scutellum

also with a few much coarser and
deeper widely scattered black punc-
tures; antenna? piceous, the tip of
segments two and three paler; each
segment of connexivum with two
blackish bars; under surface dull yel-
low; femora and tibia? dull red, an-
nulated with black; tarsi piceous, the
second joint often paler. Head with
cheeks curved upward, much longer
than tylus, their tips obtusely
rounded, the anteapical sinus shallow,
almost rectangular. Pronotum with
humeri obtusely triangular, their
front edge rounded ; front side mar-
gins with 6 — 10 teeth, these shorter
and more irregular in length than in
arborea. Scutellum with apical two-
thirds somewhat broader and less
Pig- 20, x .;. (After Lugger). rapidly tapering than there, its
median ridge less evident. Osteole distinct in the form of a short tube
with terminal auricle and surrounded by a smooth pale area. Female
with apical dorsal segment of abdomen truncate and basal plates of
genital segment slightly convex, feebly declivent behind. Length, 14 — 18
mm.; width, 8—11 mm. (Fig. 20).

Common in southern Indiana, apparently less so in the north-
ern counties, Feb. 14 — Dec. 8. Occurs on the foliage of various

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 99

trees and shrubs and in cool rainy weather in summer and fall
congregates in small colonies beneath loose bark or other shel-
ter. Hibernates as imago beneath bark and logs, lying dor-
mant for months with antennae folded back along the breast;
frozen solid during zero weather, then — its circulating fluid
again brought into motion by the genial sunshine of spring —
creeping forth to find for itself a mate and perpetuate its kind.

Dunedin, Fla., March 18, one specimen ; recorded also from
Pablo Beach, Lagrange and Enterprise, Fla., but much less
frequent in that State than farther north. Sherborn, Mass.,
Oct. 25 (Frost). Ranges from Quebec and New England across
the continent to California, Utah and Arizona, being most
abundant in the States north of latitude 37 degrees. Hart
(1919, 173) states that in Illinois: "It rests on the branches
of trees protected by its color. We have found it on elm and
grape, but it has been noted especially in orchards on apple and
cherry trees. Sanderson has recorded it as preying on the
tussock and brown-tail moths ; but its abundance in all stages
on trees suggests that it may also feed on the sap ; ... as
it has been found very abundant on apple trees injured by twig
punctures." Howard (1895, 47) records the receiving from
Virginia of specimens of a large Pentatomid bug (Brochymena
annulata Fabr.=5. quadripustulata Fabr.) which had attacked the
new growth of apple trees in May, pumping up sap from the
tender wood, many twigs and limbs being killed. Brimley
(1907, 441) found it "very common in North Carolina under
bark of dead pine in company with wasps of the genus Polistes."

The eggs of this and allied species of Pentatomids are, in
form and structure, very interesting and attractive little ob-
jects. A cluster of 44 from which the young of quadripustulata
were just emerging, was found July 23 in a dense woodland
near Indianapolis. The eggs were set closely together in rows
on the under side of a leaf of skullcap, Scutellaria nervosa Pursh.,
each one having its lower end attached by a glutinous secretion
to the leaf. The shells were pure white in color, of a minutely
granulated texture and cup-like in form, each being slightly
constricted near its upper end with the rim very finely, evenly
and prettily ciliated. The closely fitting top was circular and
feebly convex and was being pushed upward and backward, as
if on a hinge, by the very homely little bugs as they emerged
to get their first glimpse of the great out-of-doors.

100 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID,*:.

57 (84). Brochymena myops Stal, 1872, 16.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Above dull grayish-yellow, marked with
numerous very coarse black punctures, these in part aggregated on pro-
notum to form four ill-defined black stripes separated by narrow, smooth
or sparsely punctate, ivory-white lines or spaces, the median one of
which is much the broader; scutellum with three vague irregular ivory-
white stripes bordered by black punctures, these white markings in ad-
dition to those mentioned in key; cheeks and tylus each with an irregular,
median yellowish-white line, these continued back onto occiput; basal
part of costal border of elytra in great part ivory-white; connexivum
mostly black, the narrow outer edge and a spot at middle of each seg-
ment pale; under surface piceous, paler along the middle, the thoracic
pleura with scattered pale dots; legs black or piceous, the middle of each
tibia? broadly white. Cheeks slightly surpassing tylus, their tips acute,
the outer apical sinus and tooth very obtuse. Antennae black, joints
2 — 5 subequal, or the second a little shorter. Beak reaching middle of
third ventral. Pronotum with front margin of humeral projections
obliquely subtruncate, their apex obtuse; side margins in front of sinus
as in key, either coarsely crenulate or bearing 6 — 8 short, even blunt
teeth; disk very uneven, the median lengthwise impression broader and
deeper than in any of our other species. Scutellum relatively long and
narrow, its apex narrowly rounded. Elytra with punctures much smaller
than those of pronotum, irregularly placed and in part aggregated thus
giving the surface a mottled appearance. Osteole with both tube and
auricle very short, not surrounded by a smooth paler area. Abdomen
with median groove reaching sixth ventral. Female with last dorsal
squarely truncate. Length, 18 — 22 mm.; width, 9.5 — 11 mm.

Raleigh, N. Car., February — April ; ''rather common and hi-
bernating under the bark of dead dry pines" (Brimley Ms.).
Ranges from North Carolina to Texas and Mexico ; not as yet
recorded from Florida, but probably occurs in the northern
portion of that State. Stal's types were from New Orleans and
Mexico and his description very insufficient. It is one of the
largest and the most strikingly colored of our Brochymenas, and
is more closely related to cariosa and carolinensis than to quad-
ripustnlata.

58 (88). Brochymena cariosa Stal, 1872, 17.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Above blackish, feebly shining, the
pronotum and scutellum thickly marked with intermixed coarse and fine
punctures, also with numerous smooth elevated more or less reticulated
yellow spaces, these in part aggregated to form an irregular median
stripe and two spots on pronotum, an irregular spot near base of each
elytron and another near apex of scutellum; antennae piceous, the in-
cisures pale; under surface with sides black, the middle dull yellow, more
or less mottled with black, the narrow edge of metapleura and a spot at

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 101

middle of side margin of each ventral segment yellow; legs black, an-
nulate with yellow. Head elongate, the cheeks equalling or very slightly
surpassing tip of tylus, the anteapical sinus very shallow, its tooth
very small; beak reaching middle of third ventral. Pronotum with
humeral projections thick, rugose above, their tips rounded and bearing
three or four short, blunt teeth ; front side margin armed with 4 — 6 very
short teeth. Scutellum as in quebdrvpustulata. Connexivum narrowly
exposed, marked as in that species. Osteole as there, but not surrounded
by a smooth pale area. Male with anal segment deeply emarginate, its
hind margin refuse and ciliate. Female with last dorsal deeply and
widely emarginate. Length, 17 — 19 mm.; width, 10 — 12 mm.

Moore Haven, Fla., March 23. Recorded also from Tampa
and Biscayne Bay, that State. Ranges from southern Illinois
(Hart, 1919, 173), Tennessee and Arkansas, south to Florida,
Louisiana and Texas.

59 ( — ) . Brochymena pallida sp. nov.

Oval, subdepressed, small for the genus. Grayish-white marked with
numerous small fuscous punctures; pronotum and scutellum with a num-
ber of widely scattered coarse, deep black punctures, these aggregated
to form an oval spot at each basal angle of scutellum; also with numer-
ous elevated smooth white spots, the most conspicuous of these being
near middle of front lobe of pronotum and each side of base of scutel-
lum ; antennae dark reddish-brown ; connexivum with alternate bars of
fuscous and pale gray; under surface dull grayish-white with scattered
very small fuscous punctures and thickly clothed with a white hair-like
bloom ; legs dull yellow, mottled with purplish dots. Head relatively
short, its apex obtusely angled or subtruncate, cheeks reaching tip of
tylus ; subapical sinus and tooth scarcely evident. Beak reaching base of
second ventral. Bucculae without a preapical tooth. First antennal
reaching the sinus of cheeks, second one-fourth longer than third. Side
margins of pronotum armed both before and behind the sinus with short,
regular subacute teeth. Scutellum shorter and more rounded at apex
than in carolinensis. Osteole with tube shorter, its auricle smaller than
in the two preceding species. Genital segment of male short, shallowly
emarginate behind, the notch with a short median lobe. Lateral lobes
of female genital plate distinctly surpassing the oblong median lobe.
Length, 13 — 15 mm. ; width, 7 — 9 mm.

Sanford, Fla., March 25 ; one pair beaten from foliage of
oak. Allied to punctata Van D., but smaller, the general color
much paler, the second antennal longer than third, the lobes of
female genital different. The punctures of upper surface are
of two sizes, the more numerous ones very small and enclosing
a whitish bloom, the larger black ones much fewer and widely
scattered.

102 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMDXE.

60 (89). Brochymena carolinensis (Westwood), 1837, 22.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Above dull grayish-yellow, thickly
marked with numerous fuscous and blackish punctures, the blackish ones
much the larger and aggregated to form two dark spots on declivity of
pronotum and a curved line near each basal angle of scutellum, this
bordei-ed each side by a smooth yellow line; pronotum and scutellum with
a few irregular smooth yellow areas and a small one near apical fourth
of elytra; antennae dull brown, the incisures paler, the second joint but
little more than half the length of third ; under surface fuscous along
the sides, dull yellow at middle; legs fuscous, annulate with yellow.
Cheeks wide, but slightly passing tip of tylus, the anteapical sinus deep,
rounded, the tooth prominent; beak reaching middle of third ventral.
Pronotum with front of basal portion strongly declivent, humeral angles
subtriangular, rounded in front, unarmed or with a few blunt teeth,
separated from the disk by a wide shallow oblique groove; front side
margins curved and armed with 6 — 10 short, broad quite regular teeth.
Scutellum with surface more uneven than in preceding species, its cen-
tral ridge prominent. Osteolar tube very short, its opening oblique and
auricle slender. Genital plate of male very widely and deeply emar-
ginate, its deflexed hind margin concave at middle. Length, 14 — 18 mm.;
width, 9 — 11 mm.

Sanford, Bassenger, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 14 —
April 5 ; recorded also from numerous other localities in that
State. Ranges from New England and New York southwest
to southern Florida, but northward it is not definitely known
west of the Allegheny Mountains. About Dunedin it hiber-
nates beneath bark and in bunches of Spanish moss, and is
sometimes attracted by porch light. It is a broader species
than quadripustulata, with less projecting cheeks, longer beak,
more distinct median abdominal groove and more numerous
and regular teeth on the rounded side margins of pronotum.
This species has been usually known in literature as B. annulata
(Fabr.), but according to Van Duzee, that name was pre-
occupied.

61 (90). Brochymena punctata Van Duzee, 1909, 369.

Broadly oval, strongly depressed. Dull reddish-brown thickly
marked with fuscous punctures and smooth white elevations of vary-
ing size and shape; teeth of side margins of pronotum, oblique smooth
elevation at each basal angle of scutellum and middle of each con-
nexival and incisures, orange-red ; elytra with numerous small rounded
ivory-white elevations; under surface dull yellow, irregularly dotted
with rather large fuscous punctures; legs with brown dots. First an-
tennal almost reaching apex of head, second two-thirds the length of
third, 3 — 5 subequal. Bucculse with distinct preapical tooth. Beak

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 103

reaching base of third ventral. Cheeks slightly surpassing tylus, their
tips incurved and almost contiguous in front of it. Pronotum with
humeral projection obtusely triangular; side margins armed with blunt
irregular teeth, those behind the sinus smaller, their tips inclined back-
ward; disk with numerous coarse black punctures aggregated along
the submargins and in the depressions of apical half; also with numer-
ous very irregular smooth whitish elevations. Scutellum with an obtuse
longitudinal median ridge, the coarse black punctures filling the depres-
sion of each basal angle. Female with median oblong lobe of genital
plate longer than the lateral lobes. Length, 15 — 17 mm.

Crawford Co., Ind., Aug. 31. The first record for that
State, it being- hitherto known only from Georgia and Virginia.
"The short, square head, white points on elytra and imperfect
white points and black pits on pronotum and scutellum will dis-
tinguish this species." (Van Duzee) .

62 (91). Brochymena marginella Stal, 1872, 16.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Head, pronotum and scutellum with
numerous elevated, calloused dull yellow lines or areas, between which
are coarse fuscous punctures, the pale areas on cheeks, middle of prono-
tum and sides of scutellum more or less transverse; corium and costal
area with smooth elevations less prominent and paler, the punctures with
a grayish bloom; basal two-thirds of membrane grayish-white with
brownish veins, apical third with veins and scattered dots fuscous; legs
fuscous-brown, tibiae with a broad median yellowish ring; tarsi fuscous,
their margins with a dense fringe of pale yellowish hairs. Joint 2 of
antenna? two-thirds the length of 3. Cheeks reaching and slightly over-
lapping tip of tylus, their lateral sinus evident and obtuse. Pronotum
with humeral angles obtuse, sinus shallow, scarcely evident, margins in
front of it with six or eight short, regular blunt teeth, behind it with
three or four still shorter ones. Beak reaching middle of third ventral.
Length, 21 mm.

Harris County, Tex., March (Van D.). Recorded only from
Florida and Texas. A specimen from Florida, without definite
station, is in the Osborn collection.

Tribe III. PENTATOMINI Stal, 1872c, 37.

This tribe, as characterized under the subfamily heading
and in the tribal key, is represented in the eastern states by
no fewer than 25 nominal genera, some of them, however,
being very closely related. I have therefore, to shorten the
generic key, divided them into three groups or subtribes, each
one being treated in its proper sequence.

104 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

KKV TO SUBTRIBES OF PENTATOMINI.

</. Second ventral at middle not produced forward in a stout spine or
tubercle.
6. Osteolar opening without a distinct auricle, but extended as a nar-
row tapering evanescent canal. Subtribe I, p. 104.
bb. Osteolar opening usually with a short curved auricle having a
rounded tip, but not extended as a canal, or if so, the canal very
short and ending abruptly. Subtribe II, p. 120.
aa. Second ventral at middle produced forward in a stout spine or
tubercle towards or between the hind coxae. Subtribe III, p. 156.

Subtribe I of Pentatomini.

Pentatomids varying much in size, but all having the body
oval, obtuse behind ; cheeks except in Peribalus, not or scarcely
longer than tylus ; pronotum with side margins entire and
humeral angles obtusely rounded, never spined (except in some
species of Thyanta) ; osteolar opening extended as a gradually
evanescent canal; second ventral without a forward projecting
tubercle or spine. Five of our 25 eastern genera of Pentatomini
belong in this group.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SUBTRIBE I OF PENTATOMINI.

a. Cheeks distinctly longer than tylus and usually contiguous in front
of its tip; pronotum with narrow smooth ivory-white margins;
length less than 10 mm. I. Peribalus, p. 105.

aa. Cheeks not or scarcely longer than tylus; sides of pronotum not
edged with white.
b. Osteolar canal not extending beyond middle of its supporting plate;
upper surface, except in Chlorochroa, not finely densely rugosely
punctate.
c. Body beneath, especially the sides of abdomen, distinctly pubes-
cent; cheeks each with a raised pale line along the middle; frena
not reaching middle of scutellum ; smaller, not over 8 mm.

II. Trichopepla, p. 107.

cc. Body beneath not pubescent; cheeks without a pale median ridge;
frena extending beyond middle of scutellum; larger, length 10
or more mm.
d. Second and third joints of beak usually subequal in length,
fourth shorter; head longer than wide; color dull greenish-yel-
low. III. Rhytidolomia, p. 109.
dd. Second joint of beak distinctly longer than third, the latter sub-
equal to fourth; head, including eyes, as wide or wider than
long; color clear green. IV. Chlorochroa, p. 111.
bb. Osteolar canal continued as a ridge which extends obliquely to the
outer front angle of the supporting plate; upper surface finely,
densely rugosely punctate. V. Thyanta, p. 113.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^. 105

I. Peribalus Mulsant & Rey, 1866, 262.

Small oval, subclepressed species, having the head flat, as
broad across the eyes as long, rounded in front, its margins
feebly sinuate in front of eyes; pronotum with side margins
straight, not reflexed, humeral angles obtusely rounded ; scutel-
lum nearly equilateral, its apex rounded and, in our eastern
species, with a pale tip ; connexivum narrowly exposed ; osteolar
canal extended obliquely as a ridge along the front margin of
and to beyond the middle of its supporting plate ; genital plate
of male, semicircular, broadly emarginate at middle, its outer
apical angles usually ending in short oblong, bluntly rounded
lobes. Other characters as given in key. Five species have
been recorded from the United States, two of which occur in
our territory.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF PERIBALUS.

a. Under surface pale; connexivum with a narrow pale outer border;
tip of scutellum narrowly rounded; cheeks usually contiguous in
front of tylus. 63. limbolarius.

aa. Under surface piceous; connexivum with black spots on the incisures
reaching nearly to the edge; scutellum wider, its tip broadly
rounded ; cheeks not contiguous in front of tylus. 64. piceus.

63 (94). Peribalus limbolarius Stal, 1872, 34.

Dull grayish yellow, thickly marked above
with fuscous punctures ; narrow edges of side
margins of pronotum, basal third of costal
margin of elytra, edge of connexivum and apex
of scutellum ivory-white, impunctate; mem-
brane of elytra fuscous; antennae with joints
1 — 3 reddish-yellow, outer two joints piceous;
under surface yellow with numerous fine re-
L motely placed darker punctures; legs yellow
> with small purplish dots. Form more depressed
and narrower behind than in piceus. Genital
plate of male strongly declivent, its ends deeply
and nari"owly cleft or notched to form two
nearly equal oblong lobes. Length, 7 — 8 mm.;
width, 4.3—4.8 mm. (Fig. 21).

Frequent throughout Indiana, apparently more so in the
southern portion, Feb. 2 — Oct. 16 (W. S. B.). Sherborn, Mass.,
Oct. 25 (Frost). Occurs in summer and autumn on flowers of
goldenrod and other Compositse, especially those growing in
alluvial soils or along the margins of ponds ; also on shepherd's

106 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^.

purse, Bursa bursa-pastoris L. Hibernates in winter beneath
logs, mullein leaves, the bottom rails of old fences and other
convenient hiding places. Ranges from Ontario and New Eng-
land west across the continent and southwest to Georgia, Texas
and Old Mexico. Not as yet recorded from Florida, though it
probably occurs in the northern portion of that State. The
upper surface varies considerably in hue, some specimens being
very dark, due to the greater density of the fuscous punctures.
In two examples at hand from Mississippi the cheeks, while
longer than tylus, are not contiguous in front of it.

Of its occurrence in Illinois, Hart (1919, 185) says: "It is
particularly a late summer and fall species. We have taken it
in January, March, April and May, but especially from June
19 to Nov. 7, the largest number of captures being in October.
The nymphs were taken during the summer months. At
Urbana, Oct. 26, twenty-three adults were found on a single
cauliflower stalk with their beaks inserted, evidently sucking
the sap." Zimmer (1911,223) states that in Nebraska : "This
is our most common Pentatomid in the eastern part of the
State. In autumn it is almost impossible to sweep a patch of
grass or weeds without getting a net full of these insects."

64 (96). Peribalus piceus (Dallas), 1851, 236.

Oval, subconvex, broadest behind the middle of abdomen. Above
dull brownish-yellow, thickly marked with piceous punctures, those on
head, front of pronotum and basal half of scutellum larger and more or
less confluent, causing these parts to appear almost black in hue; pale
border of pronotum narrower, and that on apex of scutellum smaller
than in limbolarius; segments of connexivum black with narrow pale
outer edge and median square dull reddish spot. Under surface piceous,
paler along the middle, the middle of lateral margin of each ventral
reddish-yellow; legs dull yellow with piceous dots and blotches. Cheeks
with side margins distinctly sinuate in front of eyes, their tips longer
than tylus, their surface coarsely rugosely and confluently punctate.
Pronotum with a distinct but ill-defined median transverse groove, the
front portion more convex and less declivent than in limbolarius; disk
with humeral angles subacute, and with a wide rather deep submarginal
impression each side. Scutellum with apical two-thirds wider and less
tapering behind than there. Male with genital plate longer, almost
perpendicular, its ends with a shallow U-shaped emargination, the result-
ing lobes short and broadly rounded. Length, 8.5 — 9 mm.; width,
5.2 — 5.5 mm.

Northern Illinois, May 1 (Hart). Not as yet noted though
probably occurs in northern Indiana. Known elsewhere from

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMINiE. 107

Hudson's Bay (type), Ontario, Iowa, Colorado and Montana.
The two specimens at hand have the cheeks distinctly longer
than tylus "but not meeting in front of it, the apex of the head
distinctly emarginate;" just as stated by Dallas in his original
description. They therefore should be placed in a different
genus or subgenus, probably the Holcostethus of Fieber. Nothing
regarding its habits has as yet been recorded.

II. Trichopepla Stal, 1867, 528.

Small, oval subdepressed pilose species, having the head con-
vex, feebly declivent, narrowed in front, cheeks equalling
tylus, their side margins acute, feebly sinuate ; antennae short,
first joint not reaching apex of head, second one-half longer
than third, fourth and fifth longer, stouter, subequal ; beak
reaching first ventral, its second joint as long as third and
fourth united ; pronotum convex, its front portion declivent,
rugose, side margins entire, narrowly reflexed, humeral angles
rounded ; scutellum with sides sinuate, apex narrowly rounded,
frena reaching its middle ; connexivum narrowly exposed ;
osteolar canal attenuate, scarcely reaching middle of front
border of its supporting plate. Two species are known, both of
which occur in the eastern states. They are our only eastern
Pentatomids having the body distinctly pilose-pubescent,
though in a number of species the legs are pilose.

KEY TO SPECIES OF TRICHOPEPLA.

a. Antennae reddish-brown, the two apical joints piceous; head taper-
ing- in front, its apex narrowly rounded. 65. semivittata.
aa. Antennae black, basal joint only paler; head with sides parallel, its
apex broadly rounded. 66. atricornis.

65 (98). Trichopepla semivittata (Say), 1832, 9; I, 322.

Ovate, subdepressed. Above, dull brownish-yellow, marked with nu-
merous fuscous punctures, and irregular smooth elevated spaces, the
punctures aggregated to form a dark stripe each side of tylus and fuscous
or blackish blotches on front portion of pronotum and basal half of scutel-
lum; a raised line along the middle of each cheek, the narrow reflexed
margin of pronotum, basal third of costal margin of elytra, three short
oblique stripes on base of scutellum and its extreme tip, dull yellow;
connexivum alternated with black and yellow; under surface dull yel-
low, each side usually with a more or less evident rather broad fuscous
stripe; legs yellow flecked with brownish dots. Tylus convex, dull red,
continued to base of head by a smooth raised line. Pronotum with disk
of basal portion mostly smooth, but with scattered coarse punctures;

108 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

sides of front portion obliquely deelivent, shallowly impressed. Other
structural characters as above g-iven. Length, 6 — 8 mm.; width, 4.5 —
5 mm.

Found throughout Indiana, but more common in the south-
ern portion, May 21 — Sept. 29. Feeds on plants of the Umbel-
liferse family, mainly the wild carrot, Daucus carota L., and the
button snake-root, Eryngium aquaticum L. The latter plant
occurs on wet prairies, and near Heckland, Vigo Co., in Septem-
ber, I once found this bug by hundreds in all stages on its heads
and in the angles of its leaves.-'" The known range of semi-
vittata extends from Montreal, Canada, and New England west
to Colorado and south and southwest to northern Florida, Texas
and Mexico. I have not taken it in Florida, and the only
definite locality records from that State are Crescent City,
April, by Van Duzee (1909, 154), and St. John's Bluff, the type
locality of Pentatoma pilipcs Dallas (1851, 247), a synonym of
semivittata. Van Duzee (1904, 34) states that he "once found
this insect in large numbers on carrot blossoms in a waste
field near Buffalo, N. Y., as late as Nov. 3. They were in all
stages of development and the imagoes were blackish at first
with the connexivum margined with pale. After they attained
full maturity they assumed their ordinary pale color with the
connexivum maculated."

66 (99). Trichopepla atricornis Stal, 1872, 34.

4

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Dull grayish-yellow marked with fus-
cous punctures, these fewer and smaller than in semivittata, forming
dark stripes only on head, and blotches in anterior depressions of prono-
tum and on base of scutellum; yellow stripes of cheeks less elevated and
not quite as distinct as there; smooth raised yellowish areas much fewer,
evident only on disk of basal portions of pronotum and scutellum; tip of
scutellum narrowly pale, but punctured with fuscous; under surface yel-
low, the abdomen often darker on sides; legs reddish-yellow obscurely
dotted with brownish; tarsi and tip of beak fuscous. Head broader in
front of eyes and less tapering than in semivittata; pronotum wider with
sides of disk less deelivent and lateral margins less oblique; scutellum
with apical half wider and tip more broadly rounded; elytra alutaceous,
more finely and sparsely punctate. Length, 7 — 8 mm.; width, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Argo, 111., July 24 {Gerhard). Mariposa Grove, Cal., May 14
(III. Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.) . Described from Wisconsin and
Illinois. Ranges from there west to British Columbia, Alaska
and California. Uhler (1877, 403) says of it : "Broader and

-'>»<• Canadian Entomologist. XXVIII, L896. 266.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^. 109

more regularly oval than semivittata, and belongs more particu-
larly to the north and west of North America than that
species." Van Duzee (1916d, 231) mentions it as "found oc-
casionally on rank weeds about the lower end of Fallen Leaf
Lake, Cal., July 17." Stoner found it at Iowa City, la., July 9,
on wild carrot, Daucus carota L., growing within the city limits.
The black antennae and more widely rounded apex of head
readily distinguish it from semivittata.

. III. Rhytidolomia Stal, 1872, 33.

Medium or large elongate-oval or broadly oval subdepressed
species having the head as long or slightly longer than wide,
porrect or a little declivent ; cheeks broad, slightly concave
above, equalling or feebly surpassing tip of tylus (fig. 18, d) ;
tubercles at base of antennae ending in a short curved spine ;
bucculse narrow, parallel, their front edge dilated into a small
rounded lobe (fig. 18, a) ; beak reaching base of second ventral ;
pronotum with front half on a slightly lower plane, humeral
angles broadly rounded, side margins straight, entire; scutel-
lum with apical half rapidly tapering to a rounded apex; con-
nexivum narrowly or not at all exposed ; osteolar canal short,
tapering, not reaching the middle of its supporting plate. Three
of the six species recognized in the Van Duzee Catalogue occur
in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN" SPECIES OF RHYTIDOLOMIA.

o. Second joint of antennae but slightly longer than third, side mar-
gins of pronotum not reflexed; second joint of beak almost as long
as third and fourth united; smaller, not over 11 mm. 67. SAUCIA.
na. Second joint of antennae distinctly longer than third; side margins
of pronotum narrowly sharply reflexed; second and third joints
of beak subequal, each one-half longer than fourth; larger, 14
or more mm.
b. Form elongate-oval; color dark olive brown, the margins paler;
width 8 mm. 68. senilis.

bb. Form broadly oval; color olive-green, the costal border of elytra
beyond the middle blackish; width, 10 mm. 69. belfragii.

67 (101). Rhytidolomia saucia (Say), 1831, 6; I, 318.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Dull olive-green, costal border of
elytra dull yellow bordered within by a blackish line; pronotum and
scutellum with a narrow median dull yellow line; first and second joints
of antenna? and basal half of third, reddish-brown, remainder fuscous;
legs greenish-yellow to fuscous, the basal half of femora paler. Entire

110 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^.

upper surface coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctate. Cheeks
reaching tip of tylus. Pronotum with a vague transverse impression be-
fore the middle, the basal side margins sinuate. Scutellum reaching to
apical third of abdomen, its apex rather narrowly rounded. Under sur-
face with pleura coarsely punctate, ventrals more finely and shallowly
so. Length, 10 — 12 mm.; width, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 24 (W.S.B.); one specimen swept
from tidewater marshes. Long and Staten Islands, N. Y., Sept.
19 — 21 (Pa:-is). A submaritime species occurring mainly in
the salt marshes along the Atlantic coast from New England
to Florida. Say records it from Florida and Van Duzee on
March 28 swept a few adults and young from the tall marsh
grasses on the shore at St. Petersburg. Recorded also from
Charlotte Harbor, that State. Bueno (1910, 24) reports both
adults and nymphs as occurring, July 17, at Rye Beach, West-
chester Co., N. Y., on a fine grass growing in the higher parts
of the salt marsh. On Sept. 20 Davis (Ms.) found them
numerous and flying about the edges of salt meadows at
Watchogue, Staten Island, and on Oct. 12 found specimens
beneath boards, so that the adults probably hibernate in that
vicinity.

68 (102). Rhytidolomia senilis (Say), 1831, 5; I, 316.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Dark olive-brown, the narrow side
margins of head, pronotum and connexivum dull yellow; antenna? red-
dish-brown, the last two joints dusky; under surface and legs reddish-
brown, the sides of abdomen, tarsi and tip of beak darker. Surface, both
above and beneath, with numerous small, transverse, more or less anasto-
mosing wrinkles, these enclosing numerous small punctures. Abdomen
with much finer wrinkles, almost impunctate. Cheeks very slightly
longer than tylus. Second joint of antenna? one-fourth longer than third.
Length, 16 — 17 mm.; width, 7 — 8 mm. (Fig. 18, a and d).

Staten Island and Bronx Park, N. Y., March 30— April 7
(Paris). Occurs with the preceding on salt marsh grasses
along the Atlantic coast from New England to Virginia. The
larger size, finely wrinkled upper surface and lack of sub-
marginal dark stripe of elytra easily distinguish it from saucia.

69 (103). Rhytidolomia belfragii Stal, 1872, 33.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Dull greenish-yellow, the elytra and
abdomen a clearer green; narrow margin of pronotum, basal half of
costal border of elytra and a narrow median stripe on scutellum dull
yellow; antennae, except basal joint, apical half of costal border of ely-

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E.

Ill

tra, margins of apical third of scutellum and the tarsi blackish ; mem-
brane of elytra hyaline, its inner basal angle fuscous. Head wider and
a little shorter than in senilis, its apex more broadly rounded, the cheeks
just reaching tip of tylus. Head, pronotum, basal half of scutellum and
thoracic pleura finely transversely rugose with numerous intervening
rather coarse punctures; elytra and apical half of scutellum more finely
and shallowly punctate; sides of ventral segments finely aciculate punc-
tate, their middle almost smooth. Tibiae deeply sulcate above. Apex of
genital plate of male broadly shallowly concave with a small rounded
median tooth, the outer angles obtuse. Length, 13 — 16 mm.; width, 9 —
10 mm.

Northern Illinois, April (Urbana collection). A rare species,
described from that State and definitely known elsewhere only
from Iowa and Nebraska.

IV. Chlorochroa Stal, 1872, 33.

Broadly oval, convex species, having the head shorter and
broader than in Rhytidolomia; cheeks very slightly longer than

tylus; beak reaching hind coxa?, its
second joint as long as third and
fourth united ; antennae slender, sec-
ond joint longest, one-half longer
than third; pronotum with front por-
tion strongly declivent, its front side
margins distinctly reflexed ; humeral
angles rounded with an obtuse nodule
above ; scutellum broader at base than
in Rhytidolomia, its apical portion
shorter and tip
more broadly

Fig. 22. Chlorochroa Ugata rounded. Four
(Say) X 3. (After Lugger).

of the nine
known species occur in this country but
only one in the eastern states.

70 (106). Chlorochroa uhleri Stal, 1872, 33.

Broadly oval, subconvex. Above bright
green fading to dull olive-green, narrow side
margins of pronotum, basal half of costal
border of elytra, entire connexivum and tip of
scutellum either reddish or pale yellow; an-
tenna? olive-green, the last two joints fuscous;
under surface and legs olive-green, the tarsi
and apical third of tibia? fuscous. Upper sur-

X 3. (After Hart

112 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

face densely, rugosely irregularly punctate, the elytra more finely and
evenly so; thoracic pleura rather coarsely irregularly punctate; abdo-
men finely aciculate-punctate, the middle third almost smooth. Head
wider across the eyes than long, its apex broadly rounded. Other struc-
tural characters as given under generic heading. Length, 11 — 15 mm.;
width, 7.5—8.5 mm. (Fig. 23).

Pine and Millers, Lake Co., Ind., July 5 — Oct. 16; taken on
juniper (Gerhard). Long Island, New York and Victoria, Van-
couver's Island (Davis). Ranges from Quebec and New Eng-
land across the northern United States to British Columbia
and Alaska, and south in the western portion to California and
Old Mexico, Stal's type being from the latter country. Hart
(1919, 183) states that:

"It is exceedingly abundant in the Illinois Valley sand regions, swarm-
ing on the dwarf prickly-pear cactus, Opuntia rafinesquii, and feeding
mostly at the tip of the fruits when these are present. I have also taken
it in the sand dunes of the Chicago area on dwarf cedar, Juniperus sa-
bina L. The dates are April 1 — Nov. 17. Nymphs occurred June 6 —
Oct. 30. In the late fall most adults are a dark brownish carmine re-
sembling that of the ripe fruit of the Opuntia on which they occur."

Vestal (1913, 29) says that "This is the characteristic Pen-
tatomid of the sands in Illinois. It is a plant feeder and the
adults pass the winter in sheltered places. In April they have
been taken crawling about on the sand and also under cactus
lobes and boards. It is a typical bunch-grass species." About
Buffalo, N. Y., Van Duzee (1894, 171), found it "occasional on
various trees and bushes, especially willows and junipers, May
to October."

C. ulilcri has been mentioned or treated by the authors of this
country under several different names, chief of which are Pcn-
tatoma juniperina Linn., a European species, and Chlorochroa pcr-
similis Horv., a synonym of uhleri.

V. Thyanta Stal, 1862, 58.

Medium or small sized species possessing the characters of
the subfamily and subtribe, and having the body ovate or sub-
ovate, usually densely rugosely punctate ; head porrect, usually
slightly longer than wide, flat above, cheeks feebly sinuate in
front of eyes, equalling or a very little shorter than tylus ; beak
reaching base of second ventral, its second joint equal to third
and fourth united, the tip usually fuscous; pronotum with front

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 113

portion gradually declivent, humeral angles usually obtusely
rounded, not prominent (spined in perditor), front side margins
entire; scutellum reaching apical third of abdomen, gradually
narrowing from the base ; connexivum narrowly exposed ;
mesosternum finely carinate ; osteolar canal long, narrowing
and continued as a ridge to outer front angle of its supporting
plate ; tibiae above almost flattened or feebly sulcate.

Twelve species are known from the United States, eight of
which occur east of the Mississippi. They are all greenish or
greenish-yellow in hue and very much alike in structure, their
separation therefore very difficult.

KEY TO EASTERN" SPECIES OF THYAXTA.

a. Third joint of antennae not longer than second; ventrals, except in

rugulosa) with a black dot near spiracles and a black point on
incisures.

b. Second joint of antennae equal to or but little longer than third;

length, 8 or more mm.
'•. Front side margins of pronotum broadly concave; humeral an-
gles produced outward and slightly forward as acute spines.

71. PERDITOR.
'•'•. Front side margins straight or nearly so; humeral angles round-
ed or obtusely angulated, rarely (in custator) spinose.
<J. Scutellum more elongated apically, its tip distinctly surpass-
ing the inner apical angle of corium; form of body elongate
oval ; membrane of elytra uniform hyaline, rarely with a
few fuscous dots; pronotum with edge of front side mar-
gins reddish or yellow.
''. Pronotum and scutellum evenly, densely confluently punc-
tate, with few or no transverse ruga? ; disk of pronotum
without black dots; larger, 11-12 mm. 72. custator.

" . Pronotum and basal half of scutellum uneven, with numer-
ous transverse ruga? enclosing or surrounding rather
coarse punctures ; front portion of pronotum usually with
two small rounded black dots; length, 8-9 mm. 73. casta.
'/'/. Scutellum with apical third broader and less elongated, its
tip feebly surpassing the inner apical angle of corium; form
of body more broadly ovate; membrane of elytra with nu-
merous oblong black dots or dashes along the veins; prono-
tum with edge of side margins more or less blackish, the
front portion of its disk with two black dots near middle;
length, 9-10 mm.
/. Corium without whitish spots; antennae with fourth and
fifth joints wholly or in great part fuscous; pronotum
with front lateral margins always distinctly black, its
disk with a broad purplish band between the humeral an-
gles; connexivum wholly pale. 74. calceata.

114

FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID.-E.

ft. Corium with numerous small distinct smooth whitish spots;
antennae pale throughout; pronotum with blackish edge
of side margins narrow, often indistinct, its disk without
a purplish transverse band between the humeral angles;
connexivum with oblong black spots on the incisures.

75. ACCERRA.

bb. Second joint of antennae distinctly longer than third; smaller,
length not over 7 mm.
g. Pronotum without transverse rugae but with a white or in part
reddish band, scalloped behind, between the humeral angles;
second joint of antennae less than one-third longer than third;
edge of connexivum and abdomen with black points on the in-
cisures. 76. ANTIGUENSIS.
gg. Pronotum with transverse rugae and without a whitish band be-
tween the humeral angles; second joint of antennae one-half or
more longer than third; connexivum and abdomen without
black dots. 77. rugulosa.
(. Third joint of antennae longer than second; ventrals without black
spots on sides or incisures; length less than 8 mm.

78. PSEUDOCASTA.

71 (157). Thyanta perditor (Fabricius), 1794, 102.

Oval, subconvex. Above greenish or grayish-yellow, thickly punc-
tate with small punctures, those on head and elytra grayish, on pro-
notum and basal half of scutellum more or less fuscous and often aggre-
gated to form vague dark markings; antennae with joints 1 — 2 greenish,
basal halves of third and fourth reddish, remainder fuscous; humeral
spine, tip of scutellum and middle of margin of
each connexival segment reddish; basal half of
pronotum often with a reddish-purple band be-
tween the humeral angles ; membrane hyaline
without dark markings; under surface dull
greenish-yellow, sparsely and finely punctate,
the middle of side margins of each ventral
reddish-yellow. Head with apex broadly
rounded, cheeks reaching tip of tylus. Pro-
notum with front margin equal in width to
head across the eyes ; side margins broadly
concave from front angles to tip of the acute
forward inclined spine of hind ones; disk with
short, fine oblique pale rugae enclosing or sur-
rounding the small punctures. Length, 9 — 13
. v _ mm.; width, 6 — 7 mm. (Fig. 24).

Fig. l; 4 . X 5. ' \ a /

(After Hart & Malloch).

Royal Palm Park, Fla., Dec. 5 — March
28 ; numerous specimens swept from herbage along- roadsides
and margins of everglades (W. S. /-?.). Nogales, Ariz., Aug. 12
— 24 {Gerhard). A neotropical species known definitely in this

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 115

country only from Florida, Texas and Arizona. Barber records
it from Key Largo, Fla., and states: "I believe that this species
is confined to the extreme southernmost part of Florida, al-
though I have seen records from other parts of the State." The
Arizona specimens at hand do not have the spiracles black or
the edge of the abdomen with conspicuous black points as men-
tioned by Van Duzee (1904, 53). In the Florida ones the
points are present and there is a black dot behind each spiracle.
Stal (1872, 34) records perditor from Mexico, Texas, Columbia
and the East India Islands. It has been recorded by Uhler and
others as far north as Savannah, Ga., and even North Dakota,
but both Barber (1911, 109) and Van Duzee (1917, 52) state
that these northern records probably refer to varieties of cus-
tator.

72 (158). Thyanta custator (Fabricius) , 1803, 164.

Elong'ate-oval, subconvex. Color exceedingly variable, olive-brown,
pale green or greenish-yellow; antenna? with joints 1 — 3 pale green,
often tinged with reddish, 4 and 5 usually more or less fuscous; pronotum
with or without a reddish-purple band between the humeri, its front
side margins, basal half of elytral costal border and tip of scutellum,
pale green, yellowish or purplish red; membrane surpassing the abdo-
men, pale hyaline, rarely with a few fuscous dots near base; connexivum
narrowly or not at all exposed, pale green or yellow, rarely alternated;
under surface with sides green, the middle of abdomen and coxa? usually
dull yellow; legs dull green, the tarsi and apex of tibia? often fuscous; a
black dot behind the spiracles and a black point on incisures of ends of
ventrals often present. Head flat, about as wide across the eyes as long ;
tylus feebly convex, usually slightly longer than cheeks ; antenna? slen-
der, pubescent, joints 2, 4 and 5 subequal, each nearly one-third longer
than 3. Pronotum with front half strongly declivent, side margins
straight or very slightly concave, their edges a little roughened; humeral
angles usually obtuse; disk uniformly densely confluently punctate. Scu-
tellum as in key, its punctures arranged somewhat in a transverse row
with very fine ruga? between them. Thoracic pleura coarsely irregularly
punctate. Genital plate of male broadly emarginate, its lateral lobes
somewhat flattened and divergent, their tips rounded, the small median
lobe nearly straight-edged. Length, 10 — 12 mm.; width, 5 — 6.5 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, Jan. 16 — Oct. 18. In spring
and summer occurs on clover, grasses and other low herbs
along the borders of meadows and cultivated fields, in autumn
on the flowers of goldenrod and other Compositse, especially
those growing in moist grounds. In Vigo Co., on three oc-
casions, it was taken in January from beneath the root leaves

116 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

of mullein. In Florida I have taken it by sweeping low herb-
age at practically all localities where collections have been
made, it being, between November and April, one of the most
common of the Pentatomids found in that State. Examples
from there are in general more suffused with red and more
often have the red band between the humeri and the black dots
on spiracles and ventral incisures than those from Indiana.

7 . custator is one of the most widely distributed of our Heter-
optera, ranging from Quebec and New England to British
Columbia, California, Texas, Arizona and Northern Mexico.
Sanderson (1904, 94) says that in 1903 it occurred in northern
Texas "in extraordinary numbers, where it seriously injured
oats, corn and sorghum and was also in milo-maize and cow-
peas." Morrill (1910, 86) states that in the cotton fields of
Texas it is "commonly found feeding on the cotton squares
and bolls, when thus feeding being completely hidden by the
bracts." He also states that the average number of eggs per
batch is 31.4 and the average incubation period, at a mean tem-
perature of 79.3 F., is four days and fifteen hours. Hart
(1919, 185) says that in Illinois "it feeds on asparagus, corn
and various grasses. Collections in November and December
indicate that hibernation in the adult stage is usual." Stoner
(1920, 103) states that "At Iowa City we have usually found
it in some numbers in any field of red clover, especially if the
area was inclined to be a little moist, due to insufficient drain-
age."

On account of the great variation in color and the occasional
projection of the humeral angles as a spine, T. custator has often
been recorded as T. perditor. Barber (1911, 109) speaks of
custator as a "very plastic and variable species," and says,
"There is little doubt in my mind that it is specimens of this
species with the spinose humeral angles which have been re-
ferred to by systematists in this country as T. perditor Fabr.,
which species I believe does not occur within the limits of the
United States, either in the southeast or southwest." By 1914
he had changed his opinion and recorded T. perditor from
southern Florida.

73 (161). Thyanta casta Stal, 1862, 104.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Above greenish-yellow to pale green,
sometimes suffused with reddish, but rarely with a reddish band between
the humeral angles; joints 2 — 5 of antenna3, narrow side margins of pi-o-

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^. 117

notum and tarsi often reddish; under surface yellow or greenish-yellow,
the spiracles often black and the incisures at end of ventral segments al-
ways with black points. Head much as in custator, the tylus slightly ex-
ceeding the cheeks; second joint of antenna? slightly longer than third.
Pronotum with front side margins straight, humeral angles less obtuse.
Elytra and apical half of scutellum finely and evenly punctate, without
the transverse ruga? shown elsewhere above. Genital plate of male with
the ends of lobes each side of emargination less flattened than in custator.
Other characters as given in key. Length, 8 — 9 mm. ; width, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Dunedin, Sarasota and Ft. Myers, Fla., Nov. 2 — April 12.
Beaten from vegetation along the margins of wet hammocks.
A neotropical species described from Mexico and known in the
United States only from southern Florida, Texas, New Mexi-
co, Arizona and California. The smaller size, more rugose pro-
notum and scutellum, paler color and more depressed form are
the chief differential characters between this species and cus-
tator.

74 (160). Thyanta calceata (Say), 1831, 8; I, 320.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Above green or dull greenish-yellow;
pronotum with margins of sides and two small dots near middle of apical
half black, and a rather wide purplish-red band between the humeral
angles; membrane hyaline, often with small rounded fuscous spots on
basal portion; antenna? with last two joints fuscous, reddish at base; un-
der surface greenish-yellow, the spiracles and a small point on the ends
of ventral incisures brownish; legs greenish, the tarsi in part reddish
or fuscous. Head flat, as wide across the eyes as long, apex broadly
rounded, cheeks reaching tip of tylus. Pronotum with blackish margins
rugose above, humeral angles obtuse; disk rather coarsely and unevenly
punctate with a few broken transverse whitish rugae on basal portion.
Scutellum as described in key, its broader basal portion with transverse
rugae enclosing the punctures. Elytra finely and evenly punctate with-
out trace of rugae. Connexivum narrowly exposed, pale with a black point
on each incisure. Genital plate of male narrower and more convex than
in custator, its lobes each side of the broad posterior emargination less
divergent and less flattened than there, the small median lobe rounded
or subangulate. Length, 9 — 10 mm.; width, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Crawford Co., Ind., Aug. 31 ; Marco, Fla., March 9 {W. S. B.).
Fairfax County and Great Falls, Va., Aug. 31 — Sept. 31
(Davis). Ranges from New England west and southwest to
Illinois and Florida. This species was erroneously made a syn-
onym of custator by Stal (1872, 34). He was followed by all
American authors,-'7 until Barber (1911, 108) set forth the con-

"Uhler (1872. 399) regarded it as a variety of custator and stated that it was
"common in Maryland.'" but in all his later papers he placed it as a synonym of
that species.

118 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMIDiE.

stant differences between the two, and resurrected Say's name
from synonymy.-'" He stated that calceata "seems to be confined
to the territory east of the Appalachians and appears to be
more characteristic of the highlands and mountain districts."
Hart (1919, 184) has since recorded that "the species had al-
ready been recognized by Dr. S. A. Forbes as distinct in our
collection" from examples taken at Urbana, Towanda and Ta-
maroa, 111., May 2 — Sept. 22, and that specimens from Ken-
tucky and Florida are in the Bolter collection.

75 ( — ). Thyanta accerra McAtee, 1919, 16.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Greenish-yellow to brownish-green,
more or less sprinkled with dark brown or fuscous punctures, these
forming faint dark markings on basal half of pronotum and corium
and on the scutellum more aggregated to form a dark border each side of
a vague pale median stripe reaching from near base to apex; pronotum
with front side margins edged very narrowly with black and with two
blackish dots on middle of apical portion; corium with numerous widely
scattered smooth, slightly elevated white spots; membrane with many
distinct oblong black dashes along the veins; connexivum reddish-yellow
with an oblong blackish spot on each incisure; under surface and legs
yellow or greenish-yellow, sprinkled with numerous small brownish dots ;
spot near spiracles and a point on the end of each ventral incisure black.
Form and structural characters much as in calceata. Joints 2, 4 and 5
of antenna? subequal in length, each slightly longer than third. Front
side margins more obviously concave than there. Length, 9 — 11 mm.;
width, 5 — 6 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 2 — March 20. Taken frequently by
sweeping low shrubs, huckleberry, etc., in open pine woods and
along the bay front. Described by McAtee as a variety of cus-
tator, from specimens taken in October at Barachias, Ala., and
San Antonio, Tex. Regarded by Barber (Ms.) as a form of
casta but in my opinion a valid species, or, if a variety of any-
thing, one of calceata. The white spots on corium, black dashes
on membrane, dull yellow stripe vaguely bordered with fus-
cous on scutellum and spotted connexivum are its most promi-
nent differential characters.

76 (162). Thyanta antiguensis (Westwood), 1837, 36.

Broadly oval, subdepressed, small for the genus. Above dark green,
fading to greenish-yellow, thickly marked with small brownish punctures;
antenna? greenish, the outer joints tinged with reddish; pronotum with

-"He was led to do this by the researches of Prof. E. B. Wilson, who had shown
that while T. custator has hut 16 chromosomes in the germ cells of both <» xis, cal
<<<it<i has 127 in the male and 28 in the female.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^. 119

band as described in key; scutellum tipped with dull reddish; membrane
hyaline, without spots; connexivum and ends of ventral plates with a
small black point on the incisures; under surface yellow or greenish-yel-
low, the tip of beak fuscous. Head narrowed toward apex which is
broadly rounded ; cheeks as long as tylus. Basal half of scutellum with
a few narrow, pale transverse rugae, the punctures intervening; connexi-
vum narrowly exposed. Genital plate of male with hind margin subtrun-
cate or very broadLy emarginate. Other characters as in key. Length,
5.5 — 7 mm. ; width, 4 mm.

Mission, Tex., Dec. 5 (///. Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.). A neotropi-
cal species which, according to Barber (1914, 523), has been
taken by Mrs. Slosson in southern Florida. Recorded also by
Van Duzee (1917, 53) from Florida, Arizona, Texas and Cali-
fornia. The Pentatoma tceniola Dallas (1851, 250), described
from Central America, is a synonym. The pronotal band be-
tween the humeral angles is testaceous, scalloped and margined
behind with brown or crimson. It was found by Van Duzee
(1907, 9) in Jamaica "On a low whitish succulent weed, allied
to Chenopodium, growing along the roadside."

77 (163). Thyanta rugulosa (Say), 1831, 7; I, 319.

Broadly oval, subconvex, small for the genus. Above pale green
fading to dull greenish-yellow, marked, especially on scutellum, with
small brownish punctures, tip of scutellum yellow; tergum black at base,
the last three segments and the connexivum green or greenish-yellow;
under surface green or greenish-yellow, thickly marked with small green
punctures. Head broadly sinuate in front of eyes, the apex bluntly
rounded; cheeks slightly surpassing tip of tylus; antenna? short, second
joint longest, fourth and fifth subequal, third one-half the length of
second. Pronotum with front portion strongly declivent, side margins
broadly but evidently concave, hind angles obtusely rounded; disk with
several narrow, transverse rugae, the most distinct of which is on the
front portion and ends in the callosities each side. Connexivum rather
broadly exposed ; osteole with tube nearly as long as canal, the support-
ing plate very rugose. Length, 6 — 7 mm. ; width, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Cape Sable, Fla., Feb. 23 (IT. S. B.) ; beaten from foliage of
the saffron plum, Bumelia angustifolia Nutt. This is a western
and southwestern species, ranging from Nebraska to Utah,
California, Texas and Arizona, and has not before been re-
corded from east of the Mississippi, though Uhler (1872, 399;
1876, 290) mentions it as occurring in Cuba. Of its local habi-
tat in the west Uhler (1877, 403) states that in Clear Creek
Canyon, Colo., it was moderately common "on wild gooseberry
and several kinds of bushes which grew near the running

120 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID.^.

streams;" while Van Duzee (1904, 54) says that on the dry
arid prairies of Colorado and Utah he found it "exceedingly
common on a low species of Atraplax having a whitish-green
foliage. On these bushes the insect assumes a green gray color
assimilating to the color of its surroundings."

78 ( — ). Thyanta pseudocasta sp. now

Oval, narrowed behind, subdepressed. Above dull greenish-yellow,
more or less tinged with reddish; antennae greenish or greenish-yellow,
the apical third or more of joints 3 and 4 reddish; membrane whitish-
hyaline, flecked on basal half with numerous faint fuscous marks; con-
nexivum pale, the extreme apical angle of each segment blackish ; under
surface and legs a nearly uniform greenish-yellow; tarsi, and sometimes
numerous minute scattered blotches on abdomen, fuscous. Head oval,
flat, as wide across the eyes as long; cheeks equalling tylus; joints 3 — 5
of antenna? subequal, each one-fourth longer than 2. Pronotum with
front portion strongly declivent; sides feebly but distinctly concave,
humeral angles obtuse; disk with fine transverse ruga?, surrounding ir-
regular groups of three or four punctures. Scutellum with similar ruga?
on basal two-thirds; its sides strongly converging, tip narrowly rounded,
but slightly surpassing the lower inner angle of corium. Connexivum
very narrowly or not at all exposed. Elytra evenly not densely punctate
without rugae or smooth areas. Abdomen with sides finely alutaceous,
minutely and sparsely punctate, the median area smooth. Genital plate
of male widely, evenly and shallowly concave, its apical margin broadly
deflexed, without visible lateral or median lobes. Length, 7 — 8 mm.;
width, 4 — 5 mm.

Miami, Cape Sable, Caxambus and Key West, Fla., Feb. 23 —
April 5. A submaritime and probably a neotropical species
taken in some numbers at each station by beating vines and
other foliage along the margins of dense hammocks. Allied to
casta but much smaller and darker, more tapering behind, with-
out trace of black spots on thorax or ventrals and with a much
more widely emarginate genital plate of male. It is our only
species having the third joint of antennae distinctly longer
than second.

SUBTRIBE II OF PENTATOMINI.

Species varying much in form, size and hue, but agreeing in
having the osteolar opening rounded, and usually with either a
small curved anterior auricle, or a canal, which is very short
and ends abruptly, not drawn out and gradually evanescent as
in Subtribe I ; second ventral, as there, without a forward pro-
jecting tubercle or spine. The cheeks are rarely (Ncottiglossa

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 121

and Lo.va) longer than the tylus and more rarely (Proxys) dis-
tinctly shorter. The humeral angles often end in a strong
spine and the side margins of pronotum in two genera (Eu-
schistus and Lo.va) are distinctly crenulate. The subtribe com-
prises some of our most common Pentatomids (Mormidea, Eu-
schistus and Cosmopepla) , three genera to which the name "stink-
bug" pre-eminently belongs. Eleven of the 25 eastern genera
comprising the tribe Pentatomini belong in this group, and an-
other is included in the key, as its single species probably oc-
curs in western Illinois.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SUBTRIBE II OF PENTATOMINI.

a. Cheeks with side margins not thickened and reflexed; head (except
in Neottiglossa) not strongly deflexed; color (except in Cosmo-
pepla) not black or blue, variegated with red or yellow.
6. Smaller, length not over 15 mm. ; cheeks with tips obtuse, rarely
longer than tylus and then converging and contiguous in front
of it; side margins of pronotum (except in Euschistus) not crenu-
late.

c. Humeral angles of pronotum without an obtuse projecting process
with emargination behind.
d. Scutellum shorter than corium, its apical third narrower than
apex of corium with tip not broadly rounded.
e. Hind tibiae not sulcate or grooved above throughout their length.
/. First joint of beak distinctly longer than bucculae; humeral
angles of pronotum (in our species) not spined; scutellum
either with white margins or a large white spot on each basal
angle. VI. Mormidea, p. 122.

ff. First joint of beak not longer than bucculae; humeral angles
of pronotum with long spines; scutellum without white mar-
gins or large white spots at base.
g. Tylus rounded at apex, not surpassing cheeks; eyes and pro-
notum contiguous; humeral spines directed strongly for-
ward. VII. Solubea, p. 126.
gg. Tylus acute at apex, strongly surpassing cheeks; eyes well
advanced in front of pronotum; humeral spines directed
outward. VIII. Proxys, p. 127.
ee. Hind tibiae sulcate above throughout their length.

h. Side margins of pronotum crenulate; humeral angles promi-
nent, usually acute or acuminate. IX. Euschistus, p. 129.
hh. Side margins of pronotum not crenulate; humeral angles ob-
tusely rounded.
i. Margins of front half of pronotum not strongly flattened ;
beak not passing hind coxae; frena reaching middle of scu-
tellum; length less than 10 mm. X. Hymenarcys, p. 142.

122 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMHLE.

ii. Margins of front half of pronotum strongly flattened; beak

reaching second ventral ; f rena surpassing- middle of scu-

tellum; length, 12 or more mm. XI. Menecles, p. 145.

(Id. Scutellum equal to or longer than corium, its apical third wider

than apex of corium with tip broadly rounded.

j. Head porrect or nearly so; tylus strongly convex, distinctly

elevated above surface of cheeks; length, 8 or more mm.

XII. Ccenus, p. 146.
jj. Head either declivent or strongly deflexed; tylus scarcely ele-
vated above level of cheeks; smaller, not over 6 mm.
k. Cheeks longer than tylus and meeting in front of it; head al-
most as broad as base of scutellum; color not black with red
or yellow markings. XIII. Neottiglossa, p. 148.

kk. Cheeks not longer than tylus; head much narrower than base
of scutellum; color black with red or yellow markings.

XIV. COSMOPEPLA, p. 151.

cc. Humeral angles of pronotum with a distinct obtuse process with an
emargination behind it. Prionosoma.1"1

bb. Larger, length, 20 or more mm.; cheeks with tips subacute, sur-
passing tylus but not converging in front of it; side margins of
pronotum crenulate. XV. Loxa, p. 153.

or/. Cheeks with side margins thickened and reflexed; head strongly de-
flexed, the front almost vertical; color black or blue, variegated
with red or yellow. XVI. Murgantia, p. 154.

VI. MORMIDEA Amyot & Serville, 1843, 134.

Small oval or elongate-oval subconvex species having the
head broad, more or less declivent, cheeks slightly concave,
usually very coarsely punctate, reaching tip of tylus ; beak
reaching hind coxae, its second joint longer than third and
fourth united ; eyes globose, prominent ; pronotum with front
portion strongly declivent, its side margins unarmed, humeral
angles either obtusely rounded or spinose, disk evenly punctate
and in our species bearing one or two callosities ; scutellum
shorter than corium, its apex narrowly rounded, frena extend-
ing beyond its middle ; connexivum narrowly or not at all ex-
posed ; membrane with veins simple and parallel ; tibiae not
grooved ; osteolar opening with a short auricle, but without a

-"'This genus is included as its single species, /'. podopioides Uhler (1863, 364),
has been taken in Missouri and at Fort Madison, Iowa, on the Mississippi River just
across from Illinois. It is 8.5 — 11 mm. in length, brownish-yellow in hue. with the
humeral angles emarginate, scutellum with a broad Y-shaped ridge and margins of
abdomen strongly serrate. Its general range is western, extending from the Missis-
sippi River to the Pacific. The genera I'ddirus and .Klin, extialimital members of this
subtribe, have been erroneously recorded as being represented in our territory; the
former by Van Duzee (1904, 78) and Hart (1919, 180) as occurring in Florida, but
the specimen of P. viduus (Voll.), on which the records were bused, was taken in
Arizona, not Florida, as shown by Barber (1910, 35) and Van Duzee (1917, 44).
The specimen of 32lia americana Dall. mentioned by Van Duzee (1904, l!M as having
been taken by Provancher in Quebec, has since been shown by Van Duzee (1912, 318)
to be a dark example of Neottiglossa undata Say.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN.-E.

123

canal, and surrounded by an elevated rugose opaque area at the
base of the supporting plate.

About 40 species are known from North and Tropical Ameri-
ca, only six of which are recorded from the United States. Of
these three occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN" SPECIES OF MORMIDEA.

o. Humeral angles of pronotum obtusely rounded; under surface in
great part or wholly piceous.
b. Pronotum with all its margins narrowly edged with white, its front
portion with a median, often interrupted, transverse white cal-
loused line, its front angles without a tooth. 79. lugens.
bb. Pronotum with only the front side margins edged with white, its
front portion with two small rounded calloused spots, and front
angles with a small outward projecting nodule or blunt tooth.

80. PICTIVENTRIS.

aa. Humeral angles of pronotum subtruncate, feebly notched; under
surface in great part dull yellow; basal angles of scutellum each
usually with a large ivory-white calloused spot. 81. guerini.

79 (111). Mormidea lugens (Fabricius) , 1775, 716.

Oval, subdepressed above, more convex beneath. Above dull grayish-
yellow; head, apical third of pronotum and entire scutellum black, faintly
bronzed; antenna? with joints 1 — 3 mostly pale, 4 and 5 fuscous except
at base; scutellum surrounded except at base with a calloused white line,
this edged without from base to beyond middle by a row of coarse black

punctures; membrane dull brown; tergum and
connexivum black, the latter narrowly edged
with white; under surface piceous-black, shin-
ing, faintly bronzed; legs yellow, flecked with
brownish dots; margins of abdomen with a
calloused white line. Head moderately de-
clivent, coarsely, deeply, densely punctate; sec-
ond joint of antenna? scarcely half the length
kof third. Pronotum more sparsely punctate
than head, front portion with an oblong smooth
space before each end of the transverse white
line, hind portion with numerous fine trans-
verse wrinkles separating the rows of punc-
tures. Scutellum coarsely and deeply punctate
at base, the punctures finer and more sparse
towards apex. Thoracic pleura coarsely and
densely punctate, the abdomen more sparsely and finely so. Genital plate
of male deeply and rather acutely notched, its hind margin deflexed.
Length, 6 — 7 mm.; width, 3 — 4 mm. (Fig. 25).

Common throughout both Indiana and Florida. Hibernates
beneath logs and other cover as imago and therefore to be

25, X

C*5

( Original).

124 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

found every month in the year. From the time that the sur-
vivors emerge from their winter hiding places in April until
the hoar frosts of autumn impel their offspring to seek cover,
it may be taken by sweeping herbage along roadsides and
borders of cultivated fields, especially those in dry sandy places.
On Oct. 16, in Vigo County, I once found hundreds of them
crawling over the foliage of the strawberry bush, Euonymus
americanus L. In Florida it has often been noted at porch light
and in winter is sometimes beaten from bunches of Spanish
moss or dead leaves. Of the 17 specimens at hand 13 have the
transverse calloused white line of thorax entire, while in the
other four it is broken into two oblong dashes. In four there
is also a small white spot at middle of base of scutellum.

This small olive-gray "stink-bug" is one of the most common
Pentatomids of the eastern United States, occurring usually in
numbers everywhere from Quebec and New England to Wyo-
ming and Texas ; also in Mexico and the West Indies, but is not
known from the Pacific slope. The food plant is said by nu-
merous authors to be the common mullein, but I have never
found the young on that homely herb and believe that the bug
is only a visitor thereon, especially in the autumn months when
it is seeking a hiding place. In this I am borne out by Stoner
(1920, 76) who has written of its habits in Iowa as follows:

"Usually we have found this insect on Kentucky blue grass (Poa
pratensis Linn.) growing along the edges of woods or in cleared places
in the woods. Specimens have also been taken on common mullein (Ver-
basciuii thapsus Linn.) growing in pastures and open fields. The insects
have a tendency to visit this plant, especially towards autumn, as the
cold days come on, the dense wool which covers the leaves offering con-
siderable warmth. Under these mullein stalks after a heavy freeze or in
the spring one can usually find the remains of bugs which have sought
shelter but have been unable to survive the rigors of an Iowa winter. In-
dividuals which have successfully hibernated have been found under dead
leaves along roadsides."

80 (112). Mormidea pictiventris Stal, 1862, 103.

Elongate-oval, subconvex. Above grayish-yellow to brownish-black,
shining; pronotum with narrow edge of side margins and two round
elevated spots on front portion white tinged with reddish; scutellum with
the tip, a small spot at middle of base, a curved submarginal line ex-
tending back from each basal angle to beyond middle and also the basal
fourth of costal edge of elytra, reddish-white; under surface dull yellow
with a broad median stripe and a naiTower one each side extending back
to fifth ventral, shining black or piceous; legs yellow with purplish

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMINiE. 125

dots. Head as in lugens but less declivent, the margins of cheeks less re-
flexed. Pronotum as there, the front angles with a small yellow outward
projecting tooth; disk coarsely, deeply, closely punctate, the punctures on
declivity separated by narrow oblique and transverse ridges. Scutellum
coarsely and deeply punctate, elytra more sparsely and shallowly so. Ab-
domen with sides sparsely and rather finely punctate, the middle third
smooth; ends of ventral segments with hind angles projected slightly
backward so that from above the edge of abdomen appears subserrate.
Length, 7 — 8.5 mm. ; width, 4 mm.

Dunedin and Lakeland, Fla., Nov. 16— March 2. (W.S.B.).
Three taken at Dunedin from beneath a pile of dead leaves of
cabbage palmetto ; one dead and damaged specimen at Lakeland
from a spider's web on oak tree. Originally described from
Mexico, Cuba and Nova Granada. Not mentioned in Barber's
"Hemiptera of Florida," but recorded from that State and
Texas by Van Duzee (1917, 38).

81 (116). Mormidea guerini Lethierry & Sevei'in, 1893, 123.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed above, convex beneath. Above dull red-
dish-brown to piceous, thickly marked with small fuscous punctures, these
aggregated to form a dark spot on humeral angles of pronotum and an-
other on base of scutellum ; narrow edge of side margins of pronotum, tip
and a large irregular curved spot on each basal angle of scutellum, a
small spot near outer apical angle of corium and the edge of connexivum
calloused ivory-white; under surface dull yellow, the middle and sides of
abdomen with a row of irregular fuscous blotches ; legs dull yellow flecked
with purplish dots. Head flat, porrect; cheeks finely and rather sparsely
punctate, a little shorter than tylus, their sides distinctly sinuate. Pro-
notum with front half moderately declivent, front angles with a small
tooth, disk finely, rather sparsely and evenly punctate, its side margins
distinctly, not strongly concave. Scutellum finely and sparsely punctate,
the tip and basal spots smooth. Elytra finely and evenly punctate. Ab-
domen with sides finely and shallowly punctate, the middle almost
smooth. Apex of genital plate of male with a prominent rounded median
lobe. Length, 8 — 9.5 mm. ; width, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Everglade, Fla., May (Davis). Originally described by Gue-
rin from Cuba as M. geographica, which name was preoccu-
pied. First recorded from this country by Barber (1914, 522),
his record being based on Everglade specimens taken by Davis
in June. He states that Cuban specimens show considerable va-
riation in the extent of the yellow markings on corium and scu-
tellum, these parts in some cases being unmarked with yellow.

VII. SOLUBEA Bergroth, 1891, 235.
Elongate-oblong subconvex species having the head porrect,

126

FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID.E.

longer than wide; cheeks slightly shorter than tylus; beak
reaching hind coxae, the second joint the longest ; antennae
stout, joints 1 — 2 subequal in length, much shorter than 3 — 5
which are subequal ; pronotum with side margins strongly con-
cave, the humeral angles with a prominent forward-projecting
spine; scutellum strongly tapering, its tip narrowly rounded;
membrane surpassing the abdomen, its veins simple ; outer
hind angles of ventral segments acute, prominent; tibiae not
grooved. The genus was formerly known as Ocbalus Stal, which
name was preoccupied. He recognized (1872, 22) four species,
two from Brazil, one from Cuba and the following:

82 (117). Solubea pugnax (Fabricius), 1775, 704.

Dull greenish- or brownish-yellow marked with fuscous punctures,
these so arranged as to form a vague stripe along middle of each cheek
and often two vague blotches on elevated basal portion of pronotum ; an-
tennae reddish-yellow; outer apical angle of corium with a small black

point; under surface dull yel-
low, a spot at base of middle of
each ventral and the spiracles
and coarse punctures of sides of
abdomen fuscous; metasternal
plate with two small black spots
on its elevated rugose basal
half; legs yellow dotted with
fuscous. Head sparsely punc-
tate, its base almost smooth.
Pronotum with edges of side
margins roughened; disk with
front portion sparsely and ir-
regularly punctate, hind one
more closely and regularly so
with a few transverse ruga? in-
tervening. Scutellum and ely-
tra sparsely and rather finely
punctate. Other structural char-
acters as under generic heading.
a. (Fig. 26).

~y

Fig.

(After Hart & Malloeh).

Length, 10 — 12 mm.; width, 4.5 — 5.5 mi

Frequent in southern Indiana, much less so in the central
portion; not as yet taken from the counties north of Indian-
apolis; April 18 — Sept. 28. Swept from roadside herbage in
late spring and summer and taken from beneath cover in April.
It probably hibernates as an imago, one live and two dead speci-
mens having been found in close proximity beneath a log near
New Harmony, Posey County, on April 26. Dunedin, Lake-

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^. 127

land and R. P. Park, Fla., Nov. 21 — April 26; frequent about
Dunedin where it occurs on weeds in old fields and on shrubs
along the margins of wet hammocks. Its known range extends
from Connecticut and southern New York westward on a line
south of central Indiana and Illinois to Colorado and south and
west throughout Florida to Texas, Arizona, Mexico and the
West Indies. Garman (1891, 61) says of its habits:

"This is one of the commonest of the Pentatomidae in Kentucky,
occurring everywhere in July and August on grasses. ... In the
summer of 1890 it was so common on several species of Setaria and
Panicum that as many as 20 adults could be taken from a single stool
of grass. A brief examination was sufficient to show that the bugs were
attracted by the grasses themselves, which they were puncturing and
from which they were extracting the sap. They seemed especially fond
of the young spikelets and where the bugs were abundant, large num-
bers of the spikelets were found to be dried up, having been emptied of
their contents.

"The eggs were placed in scattered clusters, of about a dozen eggs
each, on the stems of grass. Each cluster consisted of two series, the
eggs being in contact, but those of one series alternating in position with
those of the other. This arrangement of the eggs accommodates them
to the stems of grasses. The eggs are pale green and measure .7 mm.
in length by .6 mm. across, the diameter being maintained to the extrem-
ities. The attached end is perceptibly convex. The free end is so little
convex as to appear fiat; it is rimmed and provided with a marginal
series of capitate appendages, which are so small as not to be easily made
out even with a good lens." •"

Uhler (1876, 285) says that S. pugnax "occurs at consider-
able altitudes on the Black Mountains of North Carolina and
is not unfrequent upon grassy and shrubby spots in Georgia
and Florida. In Maryland it may be found on low spots in the
meadows, where the plants and grasses grow rich and dense,
in June, August, September and October. It appears to lay
eggs in late spring and toward the latter part of summer."

The Pentatoma augur of Say (I, 313) is a synonym of 5.
pugnax.

VIII. Proxys Spinola, 1840, 325.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed species of medium size having
the head porrect, long and narrow ; tylus pointed and distinctly
surpassing the cheeks ; antennae with basal joint stout, not

3"This description of the eggs shows that they are very similar to those of
Brochymena quadripustulata (Fabr.), as described on p. 99 and it is probable that
the eggs of all the Pentatomids are much alike in form and manner of deposition.
(W. S. B.).

128 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID.-E.

reaching end of cheeks, 2 — 5, slender, subequal ; pronotum with
front portion much narrowed and strongly declivent, its side
margins rounded, humeral angles ending in a stout subtriangu-
lar spine, the apex of which is bent a little downward ; scutel-
lum shorter than corium, its apex narrowly rounded; mem-
brane with veins simple, parallel ; connexivum narrowly ex-
posed ; osteole with a short oblique auricle, the basal half or
more of its supporting plate elevated and very coarsely rugose ;
ends of ventral segments with their hind angles acute and pro-
jecting backward ; tibiae not grooved.

Stal (1872, 29) recognized four species, one from Brazil,
two from Nova Granada and the following:

83 (138). Proxys punctulatus (Palisot
de Beauvois), 1805, 188.

Black, opaque; antennae black or fus-
cous with base of joints 2 — 5 yellow;
scutellum with tip yellow; legs mostly
yellow, the apical fourth or more of
femora black, the tibiae with numerous
black spots; tarsi fuscous. Beak reach-
ing middle of second ventral, joints 3 and
4 subequal, second a little longer. Head,
pronotum, scutellum and thoracic pleura
coarsely, closely more or less confluently
punctate. Elytra and abdomen finely
.£. \ rather sparsely punctate. Length, 11 — 13

Fig" 27. X 3%. (Original). mm-> witlth> 6.5—7 mm. (Fig. 27).

Posey County, Ind., April 9 — Nov. 9. Taken from beneath
logs on sandy hillsides where they were probably hibernating.
Dunedin, Sanford and Ft. Myers, Fla., Feb. 9— April 9. Twenty
or more were found on March 6 beneath a rotton chunk near
the margin of an old orange grove at Dunedin. Barber records
it from five other localities in Florida and it probably occurs
throughout that State. Ranges from southern Indiana, south-
ern Illinois and North Carolina west to Oklahoma and south-
west to Texas, Mexico and Central America. Hart (1919, 189)
mentions it as occurring at electric light at Cairo, 111. Uhler
(1876, 287) records a specimen from near Philadelphia, Pa.,
but it was probably an adventive.

The Pentatoma tenebrosa Say (I, 304) is a synonym of punc-
tulatus. The Proxys albopunctulatus (P. B.), described from

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 129

Brazil, is listed by Uhler (1886, 6) as occurring in the "South-
ern States," but no definite locality record is known.

IX.- Euschistus Dallas, 1851, 201.

Broadly oval species of medium size having the body sub-
depressed above, convex beneath ; head porrect, longer than
wide ; cheeks sinuate near base, usually equalling, rarely ex-
ceeding the tip of tylus ; antennae slender, half the length of
body, first joint shortest and stoutest, third usually the longest,
fourth and fifth subequal ; beak reaching or slightly surpassing
middle of hind coxae, second joint almost as long as third and
fourth united ; pronotum with front portion strongly declivent,
its side margins usually more or less concave, carinate and cren-
ulate, humeral angles variable as to species ; scutellum shorter
than corium, frena reaching nearly to its tip which is nar-
rowly rounded ; membrane with simple longitudinal veins ; con-
nexivum usually narrowly exposed ; ventral segments with
outer posterior angles slightly prolonged ; osteole with a very
short bluntly rounded canal ; tarsi grooved above throughout
their length.

The members of this genus are the "stink-bugs" par excel-
lence, some of the species being familiar to everyone who lives
in or visits the country. Several of them often occur on shrubs
or vines in the heart of the larger cities. More than 60 species
have been described, 18 of which are known from North
America, ten of these occurring in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OP EUSCHISTUS.

a. Spines of humeral angles, when present, not projecting upwards
and forwards; ventral surface not strongly convex; membrane
of elytra without convex oblong dark spots between its veins.
b. Pronotum without an irregular smooth yellowish line between the
humeral angles.
c. Ends of ventral segments with a black point or dot on each front
angle.
d. Middle of abdomen without black spots.
e. Side margins of pronotum distinctly sinuate or concave, the
pale edge not bordered within by a line of blackish punctures ;
hind margin of genital segment of male entire,;1 broadly
curved or subtruncate; length 12 or more mm.
/. Disks of pronotum, scutellum and elytra distinctly and more
or less regularly punctate.

31The male of subimpunctatus is not known.

130 FAMILY V. — PENT ATOM ID,E.

g. Cheeks equalling- or but slightly surpassing tip of tylus;
antennae pale throughout; connexivum rather widely ex-
posed. 84. SERVUS.
()(). Cheeks distinctly surpassing tylus; last two joints of anten-
nae usually blackish; connexivum not at all or very nar-
rowly exposed. 85. euschistoides.
//. Declivity of pronotum, basal half of scutellum and apical three-
fourths of corium almost devoid of punctures; antennae pale

throughout. 86. SUBIMPUNCTATUS.

ee. Side margins of pronotum straight or nearly so, their edge
white, bordered within by a line of black punctures; hind
margin of male genital plate with a large median V-shaped
notch and a much smaller one each side; length, 8 — 9.5 mm.

87. POLITUS.

dd. Middle of abdomen with one or more (usually a row of 3 or 4)
black spots; length, 10 — 12 mm. 88. tristigmus.

cc. Ends of ventral segments without black spots at front angles ;S2
genital segment of male with a large black spot on basal half;
antenna? with fifth joint and apical half of fourth black or
reddish-fuscous. 89. variolarius.

bb. Pronotum with a somewhat calloused smooth yellowish irregular
transverse line between the humeral angles.
h. Larger, length, 10.5 — 12 mm.; upper surface without pale spots;
hind margin of male genital plate broadly, shallowly concave
or subtruncate.
i. Color reddish-brown; elytra without round dark spots; humeral
angles acute or ending in a short spine; angles of side mar-
gins of ventrals without a small black spot. 90. ictericus.
ii. Color fuscous-brown; elytra with numerous widely scattered
small round dark spots; humeral angles obtuse, not spinose;
front angles of side margins of each ventral with a small
black spot. 91. bifibulus.

hh. Smaller, length not over 9.5 mm.; scutellum and elytra with nu-
merous small scattered pale spots; hind margin of male genital
plate obtusely rounded, feebly sinuate. 92. crenator.

ua. Spines of humeral angles directed upward and forward; ventral sur-
face strongly convex; membrane with oblong convex black dashes
between the veins. 93. crassus.

84 (118). Euschistus servus (Say), 1831, 4; I, 314.

Broadly oval, subdepressed above, more convex beneath. Above dull
grayish-yellow, thickly marked with medium sized fuscous punctures,
these in places aggregated to form indefinite dark markings; narrow edge
of side margins of pronotum, basal third of costal margin of elytra and
extreme tip of scutellum pale yellow; antennae pale yellow, joints 4 and 5

■'-I have followed still (1872, 26) and Van Duzee (1904, 44 ) in making the
absence of these spots t lie principal character separating variolarius from its allies, as
it is difficult to find another which will apply to both sexes. However, Hart
(liniT. L'i;4 ; 19111. 191) and McAtee (1919. 16) have called attention to the fact
that examples of this species occasionally occur in which these spots are present.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN.-E. 131

a little darker; each segment of connexivum with a black bar across its
ends, the middle yellow; membrane fuscous, its tip paler; under surface
pale yellow, the punctures of thoracic pleura and abdomen often tinged
with reddish ; legs, yellow, the femora rather thickly, the tibia? more
sparsely, necked with black dots; front angles of ends of third to sixth
ventrals with a very small black dot. Cheeks slightly but evidently
surpassing tip of tylus; second joint of antennae very little shorter than
third. Pronotum with side margins in front of sinus finely, unevenly
crenulate; humeral angles subacute or narrowly rounded, disk of apical
half unevenly and sparsely punctate, of basal portion more evenly and
closely so. Scutellum irregularly punctate, more finely so toward apex.
Elytra finely, unevenly and deeply punctate. Connexivum usually broadly
exposed. Other characters as given under generic heading and in key.
Length, 12.5 — 15 mm.; width, 7 — 9 mm.

Putnam, Crawford, Posey and Dubois counties, Ind., scarce,
April 4 — May 8, probably hibernated individuals. Ormond,
Sanford, Bassenger, Dunedin, R. P. Park and Sarasota, Fla.,
common Nov. 19 — April 3 (W. S. B.). Recorded by Barber
from numerous other stations in Florida and said by Van Duzee
to be "common everywhere" in that State. About Dunedin
it occurs in winter beneath loose bark and in late autumn and
early spring on the flowers of various plants, especially golden-
rod and thistle.

The recorded range of servus is southern, extending from
Massachusetts westward through southern Indiana and Illi-
nois to Iowa and Kansas, and south and southwest to North
Carolina, Florida, Louisiana, Texas and New Mexico. It has
been mentioned by Uhler, but probably erroneously, from Cali-
fornia, Dakota and Colorado. Zimmer does not include it from
Nebraska and Stoner records the taking of only a single speci-
men in Iowa. Hart (1919, 193) states that "in Illinois the
species appears to be much more numerous in the southern por-
tion, ranging from Urbana southward." Say's types were from
Pennsylvania and Florida. Morrill (1910, 76) says that:

"In the vicinity of Dallas, Tex., hibernated individuals of both
sexes of servus are fairly common about or soon after April 1. Early
in the season the insects do not show any decided preference for any
particular food plant, but after the appearance of the bolls upon the cot-
ton plants comparatively few specimens are found outside the cotton
fields. Doubtless weeds growing in profusion along the roadsides and
fences furnish favorable breeding places in early summer for the bugs
which later turn their attention to the cotton on which, in limited areas
comprising only a few acres each, they have occurred in numbers suf-
ficient to cause the destruction of the majority of the bolls. One female

132 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

kept in confinement deposited 162 eggs, and the average number per
batch by other individuals was 16.4."

85 (121). Euschistus euschistoides (Vollenhoven) , 1868, 180.

General form that of servus, the abdomen apparently a little nar-
rower, due to the less exposed connexivum. Color much as in servus, the
fuscous punctures more dense along the side margins of the pronotum;
antennae with last two joints more distinctly fuscous; membrane with
fuscous dots more numerous and distinct; under surface usually more
strongly tinged with pinkish. Front of head cleft, due to the longer,
more pointed cheeks which surpass the tylus by a distance equal to or
greater than the mean width of the latter. Pronotum with humeral
angles usually more broadly rounded. Length, 12 — 14 mm.; width,
7 — 8.5 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, April 21 — Nov. 28; apparently
more so in the northern counties. Occurs in summer and early
autumn on foliage and flowers of various kinds, especially those
of dogwood, wild hydrangea, goldenrod, thistle, etc. ; in late
autumn and early spring, beneath dead leaves and under bark.
This is the species described by Uhler (1871, 96) as Euschistus
fissilis, and it is referred to by most authors under that name.
Kirkaldy (1909, 64) placed Uhler's name as a synonym of the
Diceraeus euschistoides of Vollenhoven. In this he has been fol-
lowed by Van Duzee (1917) and subsequent authors. It ranges
from Quebec and New England westward across southern
Canada and the northern United States to Vancouver's Island,
Montana and Colorado, but not yet known from the Pacific
Coast States unless Uhler's (1876, 286) California record of
servus rightfully applies to it. The most southern localities
recorded are Wilkesboro, N. Car. (Englehardt, 1910, 148) and
New Jersey, "throughout the State, May — October, the most
common species" (Smith, 1910, 15). South of the Ohio River
and westward at about the same parallel it is apparently re-
placed by servus.

It is very easy to separate specimens of euschistoides taken in
northern Indiana from typical examples of servus from the
southern states, but numerous individuals occur in southern
Indiana which appear to intergrade, the cheeks being distinctly
longer than tylus, yet shorter than in those from the northern
counties, the connexivum narrowly exposed, not wholly covered
as in those from the north nor broadly exposed as in typical
servus and antenna? often wholly pale. It is my opinion that a

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 133

large series from all parts of the United States will show that
the two forms are but geographic races of the same species,
bearing the same relation to each other as do pyrrhocerus and
tristigmus. The" black points on the incisures of the ventral
segments are present in all my specimens of euschistoides,
though smaller than in servus. Stoner (1920, 81) says they
are absent in euschistoides, though in his key he places the
species under the division having them present.

86 ( — ). Euschistus subimpunctatus Malloch, 1919, 191.

Form of servus but a little smaller. Above dull greenish-yellow, the
margins and middle of disk of basal half of pronotum, the margins of
middle third of scutellum and the embolium of the elytra thickly marked
with rather coarse fuscous punctures ; remainder of upper surface wholly
smooth or with a few widely scattered punctures; color otherwise above
and beneath almost as in servus, the black points on incisures between
the ends of ventral segments a little larger. Tylus just reaching tips of
cheeks. Humeral lateral angles produced in the form of a very short
acute spine. Structural characters otherwise as in servus. Length,
11.5 mm.; width, 7 mm.

Anna, 111., July 22, 1883. Unique female type in the
Urbana collection. Whether this is an "individual freak" of
servus or a valid species will not be known unless additional
specimens are taken. It certainly differs widely in sculpture
of upper surface from any of our other known species.

87 (124). Euschistus politus Uhler, 1897, 117.

Oval, depressed, small for the genus. Above dull grayish- or red-
dish-yellow, thickly marked with small fuscous punctures ; narrow edge
of side margins of pronotum and basal third of costal border of elytra
ivory white, the former bordered within, more definitely on apical half,
by a line of black punctures; narrow edge of cheeks and their under sur-
face blackish; antenna? yellow, the last two joints with apical halves
darker; connexivum alternated with fuscous and yellow; membrane dark
brown, the tip paler; under surface and legs yellow, the latter with
black dots ; incisures at sides of abdomen with a minute black point.
Head nearly as wide across the eyes as long, apex broadly rounded;
tylus flat, equalling cheeks. Pronotum finely and nearly evenly punc-
tate, side margins almost straight, their apical halves finely crenate;
humeral angles obtusely rounded. Scutellum somewhat rugose with
small vague whitish slightly elevated areas. Elytra finely and evenly
punctate. Male genital segment as described in key. Length, 8.2 — 9.5
mm. ; width, 5.5 — 6.2 mm.

Starke and Crawford counties, Ind., June 17 — Aug. 31 (W.
S. P.) ; in the former county beaten from hazel along the edges

134 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMIDjE.

of a swale; in the latter, swept from goldenrod. Pine, Lake
Co., and Mineral Springs, Porter Co., Ind., May 21 — Sept. 4
{Gerhard) ; on lake beach and in a tamarack swamp. A mem-
ber of the Alleghanian fauna and, except on the high wooded
slopes of Crawford County, occurring in Indiana only in the
northern portion and there apparently very scarce. Its known
range extends from New England to Michigan and northern
Illinois, south to Maryland. Specimens from North Muskegon,
Mich., and Willow Springs, 111., are in the Gerhard collection.
Hart (1919, 192) records it from Dubois and Muncie, 111.
Olsen (1912, 52) states that on Long Island, N. Y., it is
"locally common throughout the pine region and on Rockaway
Beach in the washup. I have found it common in the pine
woods by beating the scrub oak." It is our smallest and most
depressed member of the genus and is easily distinguished by
the characters given in key.

88 (125). Euschistus tristigmus (Say), 1831, 4; I, 314.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed, size small for the genus. Above dull
gray, thickly and rather evenly marked with small fuscous punctures;
narrow edge of side margins of pronotum and extreme tip of scutellum
yellow; membrane fuscous-brown, usually with a number of vague small
darker spots, the tip often paler; under surface dull yellow sprinkled
with reddish points; middle of abdomen with from one to four black
spots, the one on sixth ventral the largest, oval or oblong and very
rarely absent, the others on ventrals 3 — 5 varying in size and often in
part or wholly wanting; incisures at ends of ventrals 3 — 6 with a black
point; sides of abdomen often with two rows of vague fuscous spots;
legs yellow flecked with brownish dots. Head very fiat, slightly longer
than wide, tylus equalling or very feebly surpassing the cheeks. Prono-
tum with side margins broadly concave, their edge very finely crenulate,
male, more coarsely so, female; humeral angles obtuse; disk with punc-
tures dense along the margins, more sparse elsewhere, with numerous
smooth small whitish areas intervening. Scutellum with similar narrow
and more elongate transverse areas. Elytra evenly and finely punctate,
marked with a few scattered white smooth dots. Connexivum narrowly
exposed, each segment fuscous with a rounded dull yellow median spot.
Abdomen very finely rugosely punctate; thoracic pleura coarsely marked
with reddish punctures. Genital plate of male with its hind margins
broadly and shallowly concave, the concavity limited each side by a short
obtuse tooth. Length, 10 — 11 mm.; width, 6.5 — 7.5 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, Feb. 14 — Dec. 12. In this
State it hibernates singly or in groups of two to four, beneath
cover of various kinds, especially beneath logs, chunks or

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 135

rails whose sides are partly buried in dead leaves or vegetable
mould. About April 1 the survivors begin to emerge and for
a fortnight or more can often be taken on the wing. From
then on until the hoar frosts of autumn it occurs on the flowers
and foliage of weeds along roadsides and in open woodlands,
frequenting especially those of thistle, mullein and goldenrod.
As a species it ranges from Nova Scotia, Quebec and New Eng-
land west to Colorado and Washington, and south to Florida,
Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas and Mexico. The race or variety
tristigmns, as above described, occurs for the most part in the
Upper Austral Life Zone, between the parallels 38 and 41
degrees of the territory mentioned. Barber records it from
Sanford and Jacksonville, Fla., though his records doubtless
refer to the form pyrrhocerus. Olsen (1912, 52) states that it
has been bred from egg to imago on the fruit of elder and also
on moth mullein. Other food plants mentioned are potato and
cotton. Of its habits in Iowa, Stoner (1920, 83) writes:

"Ordinarily this bug is found in or along more or less wooded and
shady places and moist situations grown up in rank weeds and bushes.
At Lake Okoboji it is one of the commonest woodland forms and occurs
most frequently on wild black raspberry on which plant numerous ex-
amples have also been taken in other parts of the State. Sometimes it
occurs on wild red raspberry, and not infrequently are specimens found
on the cultivated plants in our gardens. In late summer the species
also occurs on hazelnut bushes. Adults are often found hibernating
under leaves in the vicinity of clumps of such bushes."

Three forms of E. tristigmus occur in Indiana and the eastern
states, each belonging to a different life zone and fauna,1' but
merging gradually one into another and probably best desig-
nated as geographic races. In order that the student, if so
inclined, may label his specimens with trinomials, they may
be separated by the following key :

KEY TO RACES OR VARIETIES OF EUSCHISTUS TRISTIGMUS (SAY).

a. Humeri broadly rounded; scutellum with apical fifth mostly pale
marked with scattered fuscous punctures ; fifth joint of antennae
and apical half of fourth distinctly fuscous. (Alleghanian fauna.)

88a. LURIDUS.
era. Humeri not broadly rounded; scutellum with extreme tip only pale;
last two joints of antenna? wholly pale, or at most brownish.

33See the author's "Coleoptera of Indiana," p. 4, for a map showing the life
zones of the State: also his paper entitled "The Life Zones of Indiana as Illustrated
by the Distribution of Orthoptera and Coleoptera within the State." (Proc. Ind. Acad.
Sci. for 1908 (1909), pp. 185-191.

136 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

b. Humeri broad, subtriangular, their tips obtusely angled ; under

surface yellow. (Carolinian fauna.) 88. tristigmus.

bb. Humeri narrower, more inclined upward and backward, their tips

acute angled or spinose; under surface dull white. (Austro-

riparian fauna.) 88b. pyrrhocerus.

The typical race tristigmus (Say), is the one described above.
In his original description Say mentions the antennae as being
"rufous, the fourth and fifth joints brown except the base of
fourth ; thorax with lateral angles rather prominent, angulated,
but not spiniform." The other two races are briefly treated
below.

88a ( — ). Euschistus tristigmus luridus Dallas, 1851, 207.

Form, especially in males, broader and less tapering behind the
humeri than in tristigmus. Color much as there, the antennae differ-
ing as stated in key; apical fifth of scutellum distinctly more sparsely
punctate, in great part smooth and white; membrane with fuscous spots
more distinct; pale spot at middle of each connexival segment larger,
usually reaching the margin, in tristigmus rounded and wholly enclosed
by fuscous. Humeral projections broader, with concavity in front more
pronounced, their tips not angulated but rounded. Length, 10 — 12 mm.;
width, 7 — 7.5 mm.

Porter, Starke and Kosciusko counties, Ind., June 15 — 26.
Beaten from scrub oak and other foliage. Sherborn, Mass.,
Oct. 25 (Frost) . This is the form occurring in the Transitional
Life Zone. The types of Dallas were from Trenton Falls, N. Y„
and Nova Scotia. It was placed by Uhler (1861, 23) as a
synonym of tristigmus. Malloch (1919, 192) states that he is
"of the opinion that luridus is distinct from tristigmus. The
regularly rounded humeri of luridus are very conspicuously
different from the angular ones of tristigmus, and with the
naked eye it is possible to recognize the forms very readily."
He states that luridus occurs in northern Illinois and that speci-
mens are in the Urbana collection from Buffalo, N. Y. ; Omaha,
Nebr. ; Duluth, Minn., and Lone Rock, Wis. I cannot agree
with Malloch that luridus is a distinct species, as large series
show that it merges gradually into tristigmus. In my opinion it
is best designated as a race or variety worthy of a trinomial
name, whose range, roughly stated, extends from Nova Scotia
westward, north of latitude 41 degrees. It is probably the form
that Van Duzee (1894, 171) mentions as "abundant every-
where in trees, bushes and coarse weeds from May to Septem-
ber," about Buffalo, N. Y.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^].

137

88b (125a). Euschistus tristigmus pyrrhocerus (Herrich-SchaefFer),
1842, 71.

Females similar in form to those of tristigmus, the males a little
smaller, narrower and more elongate. Color much the same, the general
hue a little more fuscous, the white calloused spots of pronotum and
scutellum less transverse and more distinct, the antennae with all the
joints reddish-yellow; under surface and legs dull white instead of yel-
low. Ventrals 3 and 4 with black spots more often lacking, 5 and 6 with
the spots smaller and more oblong. Differs mainly in the form of the
humeral angles of pronotum, these being longer, narrower, more in-
clined upward and backward, with tips acute or distinctly spinose.
Length, 9 — 10 mm.; width, 6 — 7 mm.

Marion, Knox, Crawford and Posey counties, Ind., April 20 —
Sept. 24 ; not taken north of the middle of the State. Dunedin,
and Sanford, Fla., March 12 — 30, mating on the former date.
This, the southern race or variety of tristigmus, has its main
distribution over the eastern United States south of latitude
38 degrees, or from Virginia west and south to Oklahoma,
Louisiana, Texas and Mexico, but occurs as far north as cen-
tral Indiana, central Illinois and southern Iowa. In southern
Indiana it is most common in July and August, when it is found
on tall weeds and grasses in alluvial soils along the larger
streams and the borders of ponds and marshes.

89 (126). Euschistus variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois), 1805, 149.

Males elongate-oval, females more broadly so, surface subdepressed
above, convex beneath. Above grayish- or greenish-yellow, marked with

numerous rather sparsely placed,
fuscous punctures ; edge of side
margins of thorax and extreme tip
of scutellum yellow; antennae red-
dish-yellow, the fifth joint and
apical half of fourth, black or fus-

Xcous; membrane pale brown with
vague rounded fuscous spots; un-
der surface greenish-yellow; legs
brighter yellow, necked with small
brownish dots; spiracle rings
white; genital segment of male
with a large rounded black " spot
at middle of base. Head longer
than wide, its apex rounded ; cheeks
slightly concave, equalling or
scarcely reaching tip of tylus.
Pronotum with side margins very

^\

X 4. (Alter Hart & Malloch I

138 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

broadly but evidently concave, the edge of their apical two-thirds finely
crenulate; humeral angles acute or subspinose; disk with numerous
irregular smooth areas, the punctures widely scattered, more dense along
the margins. Scutellum with apical half sparsely punctate, the tip
smooth. Elytra with finer punctures, sparsely placed. Connexivum
very narrowly or not at all exposed. Thoracic pleura coarsely punc-
tate; abdomen almost smooth, often flecked with minute reddish dots.
Genital plate of male subtruncate or feebly sinuate. Length, 11.5 — 14
mm.; width, 8—9 mm. (Fig. 28).

Common throughout Indiana, Feb. 8 — Nov. 28. Hibernates
beneath cover, especially beneath basal leaves of mullein and
old fence rails. Emerges about April 1st and from then on
occurs on foliage and flowers of numerous plants, frequenting
for the most part those found along the margins of upland
fields and in open woodland pastures. Often frequent on red
clover, mullein, evening primrose, thistle and burdock in June
and July. On Oct. 10, I once found it by scores on the stems
and leaves of the bouncing bet, Saponaria officinalis L. About
mid-October the adults of the last brood began to seek their
winter cover, but often emerge on warm days as late as Nov.
20, and sun themselves on the boles of trees and other con-
venient resting places.

In the northern States variolar ins is one of the most common
of the Pentatomids, ranging from Ontario and New England to
British Columbia, Idaho and Kansas. It is seldom found south
of latitude 37 degrees though I recorded it (1902, 224) from
Ormond, Fla., and Barber (1914, 523) reports it from St.
Augustine and Sanford, that State, these being the only pre-
vious definite records of its occurrence south of Kentucky and
the District of Columbia. However, Brimley (Ms.) reports it
as having been taken at five different stations in North Car-
olina, one of them being on Grandfather Mountain at an
altitude of 5,000 feet. Of its food habits Forbes (1905, 195)
states :

"We have repeatedly found it on corn sucking sap from the leaves,
from the husks and kernels at the tip of the ear and from other parts
of the plant. .In Kentucky it has been found feeding at the base of the
tobacco leaves, causing them to become limp and the stalk to wilt and
fall. We have taken the adult on rye, red clover, broom-corn, oats,
thistle and grasses, and they have been reported to eat tomatoes, red-
raspberries, peaches, mullein and Thcnitopsis."

Olsen (1912, 53) states that 50 specimens were collected
from the Rockaway Beach washup on May 1, and that it has

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 139

been "bred from egg to imago on pepper-grass, Lepidium virgin-
icuiii L. and evening primrose, Onagra biennis L."

The general color of the upper surface of variolarius is paler,
and the fuscous punctures are more sparsely placed than in
most of our other species of the genus. The thoracic pleura
are devoid of the usual two or three small black points and the
apex of humeral angles is always acute or ends in a small spine.
The male may always be known by the black spot being on
the base of the genital plate, not on the sixth ventral as in the
males of tristigmus with but one ventral spot present. Occa-
sionally the genital plate is pushed so far back beneath the
sixth ventral as to cover the spot. These characters will serve
to separate the species even if the example in hand happens to
be a female with black points on sides of abdomen. The Penta-
toma punctipes Say (1825, 314) is a synonym.

90 (127). Euschistus ictericus (Linnaeus), 1763, 16.

Elongate-oval, distinctly tapering behind the humeri; subdepressed
above, convex beneath. Above reddish-brown or reddish-yellow, thickly
marked with fuscous punctures; antennae reddish-yellow, joints 4 and
5 piceous, reddish at base; edge of side margins of pronotum, smooth
line between its humeri, connexivum and tip of scutellum, yellow,
often tinged with reddish; under surface yellow sprinkled with small
reddish points; legs yellow with black dots; thoracic pleura with four
very small black spots; spiracle rings fuscous. Head flat, distinctly
tapering in front of middle, apex narrowly rounded, cheeks equalling
tylus. Pronotum with front portion strongly declivent, the edge of side
margins coarsely crenate; humeral angles elongate-triangular, directed
slightly upward and outward, their tips usually spinose; disk with nu-
merous smooth areas, the punctures sparsely, irregularly placed and
with a smooth transverse line between the tips of the humeri. Basal
half of scutellum with numerous narrow smooth transverse ruga? inter-
vening between the irregular rows of punctures. Connexivum usually
rather widely exposed. Thoracic pleura coarsely punctate; abdomen
smooth or nearly so. Length, 11 — 11.5 mm.; width, 7.5 — 8 mm.

Frequent in northern Indiana, where it occurs from May to
October on the tall grasses growing about the margins of
lakes and tamarack swamps ; taken only in Vigo County in the
southern portion of the State. Ormond, LaBelle, R. P. Park
and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 22 — April 1, taken by sweeping grasses
and low shrubs along the margins of swales. Recorded from
numerous other points in Florida and probably occurs through-
out the State. Ashland, Mass., Oct. 15 (Frost). Van Duzee
(1904, 47) says it is "found in the northern States and Canada

140 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

across the whole width of the Continent," but I can find no
mention of its occurrence west of Colorado, and Zimmer and
Stoner both report it very scarce in the states which they
cover. Southwestward it ranges to Oklahoma and Texas. It
appears to be everywhere a sub-aquatic species feeding or oc-
curring on grasses, sedges and other vegetation growing in or
close to water. Bueno and Englehardt (1910, 147) state: "A
number were observed July 24 along the swampy margin of a
bayou running through a cypress swamp, where they were
resting on the leaves of water lilies and other plants, some
mating.

From variolarius, to which it is closely allied, ictericus may be
separated by the narrower, more tapering body, longer humeral
angles with a smooth line between them, dark spiracles and
the presence of black spots on thoracic pleura and absence of
black spot on genital plate of male. The width across the
humeral angles in ictericus, is distinctly greater than that across
the middle of abdomen, whereas in variolarius and bifibulus it is
subequal to the abdominal width.

91 (128). Euschistus bifibulus (Palisot de Beauvois), 1805, 148.

Broadly oval, subdepressed above, convex beneath. Above dull
brownish-yellow, marked with fuscous punctures, these more numerous
on head and front half of pronotum, causing these parts to appear darker
than those behind them, on the elytra in part aggregated in groups of
3 or 4 to form numerous small dark dots ; antenna? and edge of tip of
scutellum yellow; connexivum fuscous, each segment with a small median
submarginal pale spot; membrane dark brown without fuscous dots;
under surface yellow, ventrals with two rows of vague fuscous spots on
each side; legs yellow, the middle and hind femora with a few brown
dots. Head flat, its apex broadly rounded, cheeks equalling or very
slightly exceeding tip of tylus; third joint of antennae nearly one-half
longer than second. Pronotum with front portion strongly declivent, its
side margins slightly concave, humeri broad, subtriangular, their tips
obtuse with a narrow smooth irregular line between them; hind portion
short, rather sparsely unevenly punctate. Scutellum and elytra finely,
rather evenly punctate throughout, the former with a few small slightly
elevated smooth areas. Connexivum narrowly exposed. Genital plate
of male broad, convex at middle, concave each side, its hind angles
broadly rounded. Length, 10.5 — 12 mm.; width, 7 — 8 mm.

Ormond, Sanford, LaBelle, Moore Haven, Palmdale, Istok-
poga, Chokoloskee, Caxambus, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla.,
Nov. 29 — April 15. Recorded from numerous other stations
and doubtless occurs throughout the State. About Dunedin it

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 141

is, next to serviis, the most common member of the genus, oc-
curring on ferns and other vegetation in dense wet hammocks
and sometimes beaten from the black mangrove along the bay
beach. It is a neotropical species, known from this country-
only from Florida, Georgia and Texas, but found (Stal, 1872,
27) in Cuba, Mexico, Honduras and Colombia. The only
Georgia station reported is Thomasville, by Barber (1906,
259).

92 (129). Euschistus crenator (Fabricius), 1794, 101.

Obovate, or broadly ovate, small for the genus. Above grayish-
yellow, rather densely marked with reddish-fuscous punctures, these
aggregated along the side margins of pronotum ; scutellum and elytra
with numerous small smooth whitish spots; connexivum fuscous, the
middle of each segment with a pale spot; membrane grayish-brown with-
out fuscous spots ; under surface pale yellow ; legs yellow marked with
a few vague blackish dots ; ends of ventral incisures with a black point.
Head narrowed in front, its apex rounded; cheeks equalling tylus; third
joint of antennae nearly one-half longer than second. Pronotum with
front side margins slightly sinuate, their edges strongly crenate or sub-
serrate; humeri prominent, their tips acute or subspinose. Male genital
segment as in key. Length, 9 — 9.5 mm.; width, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Duarte, Santo Domingo, July 21 (Barber). A West Indian
and South American species, known in the United States from
Florida, Texas, Arizona and California. While Van Duzee does
not give Florida in his Catalogue distributional notes, it is
recorded from that State by Uhler (1876, 286) and by Barber
(1914, 522), who states there is a specimen in the National
Museum from Dade City. Van Duzee (1907, 7) says that it
is not uncommon in Jamaica, where it occurs singly on bushes
and coarse weeds.

93 (132). Euschistus crassus Dallas, 1851, 205.

Broadly oval, subconvex above, strongly convex beneath. Above
grayish-yellow, marked with sparsely irregularly placed fuscous punc-
tures; antennae pale throughout; membrane as in key; connexivals fus-
cous, with a vague pale median spot; pronotum with a more or less
evident dull yellow smooth line between the humeri, the punctures be-
hind this more dense than elsewhere; under surface fuscous yellow;
thoracic pleura with numerous coarse black punctures; legs yellow,
thickly flecked with blackish dots. Head relatively narrow, its apex
rounded; tylus slightly longer than cheeks. Pronotum with front por-
tion strongly declivent, its side margins broadly concave, their edges
rather coarsely crenulate; humeri prominent, ending in short acute for-
ward and outward projecting spines; disk very unevenly punctate, with

142 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID.-E.

numerous very irregular smooth spaces intervening. Scutellum with
similar transverse smooth markings, its marginal punctures near base
much coarser. Connexivum narrowly exposed, male, more broadly so,
female. Abdomen alutaceous and finely, evenly, not closely punctate.
Male genital plate appearing as if pinched, its median line with an
obtuse ridge, its sides concave; hind margin subtruncate or slightly
sinuate. Length, 10.5 — 11.5 mm.; width, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Dunedin and Sarasota, Fla., Nov. 17 — April 12. Frequent
about Dunedin in the fall and spring on weeds and low shrubs
in open pine woods. Hibernates beneath bark and amongst the
roots of tufts of grass. Described from St. John's Bluff, Fla.,
and recorded by Barber from seven other stations in the State.
Known only from Georgia, Florida and North Carolina.

X. Hymenarcys Amyot & Serville, 1843, 124.

Small or medium sized Pentatomids having the head porrect,
as long as or longer than wide, tylus strongly convex, equalling
the cheeks; antennas slender, not surpassing base of prono-
tum ; beak reaching beyond middle coxae, its first and second
joints subequal in length, third and fourth shorter, also sub-
equal ; pronotum with front portion gradually declivent, its
humeral angles rounded, not prominent ; scutellum relatively
long, its apex rounded and almost reaching that of corium,
the latter with apex straight, oblique, its outer angle acute;
membrane equalling or but slightly surpassing tip of abdomen ;
tibiae sulcate ; osteolar opening without a canal, its auricle very
short. Genital plate of males broad, concave each side, the
hind margin broadly rounded, feebly sinuate.

In this genus and Menecles the scutellum becomes wider be-
hind, the apical third being almost as wide as that of corium,
with tip more rounded than in preceding genera, thus ap-
proaching those genera under dd of the generic key, in which
the tip of scutellum is wider than and surpasses that of corium.
Hymenarcys is represented by but four known species, all con-
fined to North America, two of them occurring in Mexico and
the southwestern states, the others in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OE HYMENARCYS

a. Head longer than wide, its sides in front of middle parallel; veins
of membrane furcate, not anastomosing; side margins of pronotum
straight; smaller, length 6.5 — 8 mm. 94. ^qualis.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 143

aa. Head as wide or wider across the eyes than long, its sides in front
of middle curved; veins of membrane anastomosing; side margins
of pronotum broadly curved; larger, 9 — 11 mm. 95. nervosa.

94 (140). Hymenarcys ^qualis (Say), 1831, 7; I, 319.

Oblong-oval, subconvex. Above grayish- or brownish-yellow, thickly
marked with reddish or fuscous punctures; antenna? yellow, flecked with
reddish dots, apical joints fuscous; scutellum with a small whitish spot
each side of apex; connexival segments fuscous with a median pale spot;
membrane f uscous-bi-own ; under surface yellow with numerous reddish
points and punctures; legs yellow with purplish-red dots; spiracles, the
front angle of the end of each ventral and the tip of beak blackish.
Cheeks thickly punctate; tylus strongly convex, sparsely punctate; an-
tennae with joints 2 — 4 subequal, fifth longer. Pronotum with humeral
angles obtusely rounded ; disk rather sparsely unevenly punctate, with
numerous irregular smooth areas. Scutellum and elytra sparsely, ir-
regularly punctate; membrane just reaching tip of abdomen, its veins
simple, oblique and parallel. Connexivum narrowly exposed. Length,
6.5 — 8 mm.; width, 4 — 5 mm.

Found throughout Indiana, but much more frequent in the
southern portion, Feb. 7 — Nov. 19. Occurs in summer on mul-
lein, thistle and other plants in dry or sandy soils. In winter
a common and gregarious species beneath logs, mullein leaves,
etc. On one occasion, along the edge of the sandy bottoms of
the Wabash River, 50 or more were found huddled together in
the mould beneath an old half buried log, where they were
keeping company with chinch bugs and the common lady beetle,
Megilla maculata DeG. 4 They evidently begin to seek cover
after the first frost, as on Oct. 16 three were sifted from the
debris of a rotten chunk.

The species was described from Indiana, and ranges from
New England west to Colorado, Montana and Saskatchewan,
and south and southwest to Oklahoma and Texas. I have not
taken it in Florida, nor is it included in Barber's "Hemiptera
of Florida," but Van Duzee in his Catalogue includes that State
in his distribution notes. In most places cvqualis appears to be
a scarce species, but few of the local lists mentioning the tak-
ing of more than one or two individuals ; this, perhaps because
the collectors do not seek for it in the proper places, or during
its hibernating period. Uhler (1876, 287) states that "In
Maryland it hibernates beneath stones in sheltered valleys, but

34See Psyche. VII. 3 895. 268.

144 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^.

is much less common than nervosa." Stoner (1920, 90) writes
of its occurrence in Iowa as follows :

"Comparatively few specimens thus far obtained have been taken
in sweeping, most of them having been collected either late in the fall
or early in spring in places which they had chosen for hibernating. Indi-
viduals have been found under small rocks in more or less sheltered situa-
tions as early as Feb. 13, before the frost and ice in these places
had melted. During the summer these rocky places were grown up in
weeds and grass. On warm sunshiny days in late autumn and early
spring specimens may often be found walking about on the sidewalks of
cities. The few taken with the sweep-net were on low weeds and usually
in more or less moist places."

95 (143). Hymenarcys nervosa (Say), 1831, 9; I, 321.

Elongate - oval, subconvex. Above brownish - yellow, thickly and
nearly evenly marked with fuscous punctures; antennae reddish-yellow,
the last joint fuscous; narrow edge of side margins of pronotum, a mi-
nute tooth at its front angles, and edge of tip of scutellum pale yellow;
connexivum fuscous, each segment with median spot and edge yellow;
under surface yellow with black punctures, each side with a rather broad
interrupted black stripe; legs yellow dotted with black; spiracles and a
spot at end of ventral incisures black. Head broad, rather sparsely punc-
tate, the margins of cheeks rounded into apex; second joint of antennae
nearly one-half shorter than third. Pronotum with margins broadly
curved ; disk sparsely but rather evenly punctate, its sides somewhat
flattened and with a broad vague concavity near base of humeri. Scu-
tellum with a smooth space and small blackish concavity on each basal
angle. Connexivum narrowly exposed. Length, 9 — 11 mm.; width, 5.5 — ■
7 mm.

Scarce in southern Indiana, not taken north of Marion Co.,
Feb. 6 — Sept. 24. Hibernates as imago beneath logs and stones
near the borders of woods and cultivated fields. Taken in sum-
mer by sweeping roadside herbage. Sarasota, Fla., Feb. 18, one
specimen. Recorded also from Ft. Myers by Van Duzee (1909,
155) and probably occurs rarely throughout that State. Ranges
from Quebec and New England west to Nebraska and Dakota
and south and southwest to North Carolina, Oklahoma and
Texas, but, like cequalis, usually scarce where found. Uhler
(1876, 287) says that: "In Maryland it occurs with moderate
frequency upon rank low herbage in meadows and about the
skirts of woods. Like Euschistus variolarius and other species it
becomes, when senile, suffused with red, is dusted with a whit-
ish powder and seems then to have a more decidedly penetra-
tive odor in the fluid which it sprays from the aperture of its
glands."

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^. 145

. XL Menecles ;~' Stal, 1867, 527.

Oval, depressed species, above the medium in size, having
the head large, porrect, flat, deeply inserted in thorax; cheeks
slightly concave, equalling tylus ; antennae slender, joint 1
shorter than head, 2 — 4 subequal, 5 longer ; beak reaching base
of third ventral, its second joint almost as long as third and
fourth united ; pronotum large, disk with sides much flattened,
and front margin deeply and broadly emarginate, side margins
feebly but evidently curved ; scutellum almost reaching the tip
of corium, its apex rounded ; membrane slightly surpassing ab-
domen, its veins anastomosing; connexivum rather broadly ex-
posed ; osteolar opening without a sulcus but possessing a
prominent curved auricle ; tarsi sulcate above. Genital plate
of male broad, its sides concave, hind margin subtruncate, and
with a broad shallow median emargination. But one species is
known.

96 (155). Menecles insertus (Say), 1831, 6; I, 317.

Broadly oval, depressed, but little narrowed behind. Above grayish-
yellow, everywhere thickly and evenly marked with rather small fuscous
punctures; antennae yellow, joints 4 and 5 piceous, paler at base; pro-
notum with a narrow smooth median line which extends back to middle
of scutellum; connexivum sprinkled with fuscous punctures; membrane
brown without dark spots ; abdomen dull yellow with a median row of
rather large black spots, its sides thickly covered with small fuscous
punctures; thoracic pleura yellow with numerous coarse dark punctures;
mesosternum with a black median shining spot; legs yellow thickly flecked
with large black dots. Pronotum with humeri obtusely rounded; disk
with front portion but slightly declivent, broadly and shallowly concave
behind the front angles. Other characters as given under generic head-
ing. Length, 12 — 14 mm.; width, 6.5 — 8 mm.

Marion, Putnam, Parke, Vigo, Knox, Posey and Crawford
counties, Ind., April 27 — Oct. 17 (W. S. B.). Not as yet taken
in the eastern and northern portions of the State. Hopkinton,
Mass., May 10 (Frost). In Indiana it has been taken for the
most part singly while resting on the boles of trees, dead
leaves, corded wood or some object of dull hue with which its
color blended. I have never taken it by sweeping, and on but
one occasion have I found more than one. This was on July 16,

35The broad, subparallel form of body, deeply emarginate thorax for reception
of head, wide apical portion of scutellum. anastomosing ve^ins of membrane and
form of the osteolar projection all show that Menecles is closely related to both
Hymenarcys and Caenus, and I have therefore placed it between the two instead of
widely separating it from them as did Van Duzee in his Catalogue.

146 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMIDvE.

when three individuals were taken from the bole of a beech tree
in a dense woodland near Indianapolis. It probably hibernates
as imago as a single example was taken Oct. 17 from be-
neath a half buried log. The broad depressed form, with sides
almost parallel from apex of pronotum to behind middle of ab-
domen ; the wide, deeply inserted head, and broad flattened side
margin of pronotum give this bug a peculiar appearance which
makes its recognition easy.

While the known range of M. insert us extends from New
England and Ontario west to Nebraska and Kansas and south-
west to Arizona and California, it has not previously been re-
corded south of New Jersey and Arkansas. Brimley (Ms.) re-
ports it as having been taken at Raleigh, N. Car., Oct. 1, 1917.
Hart (1919, 189) mentions it as occurring at a number of sta-
tions in Illinois from March to November, and adds: "Its in-
frequency in collections is doubtless due to its arboreal habits.
Van Duzee records its capture in numbers from small hickory
trees; and in late October and early November we found it
very abundant on sidewalks on the campus of the University
of Illinois under a row of hard maple trees which it was pre-
sumably leaving for hibernation."

XII. C(ENUS Dallas, 1851, 230.

Oval, convex species of medium size having the head porrect,
longer than wide, tapering in front, its apex rounded ; tylus as
long as cheeks, strongly convex and elevated above their plane ;
antennae slender, basal joint shortest, second three-fourths the
length of third, the latter longer than fourth, fifth longest;
beak reaching middle of hind coxse, its second joint longer than
third and fourth united ; pronotum with front portion feebly
declivent, its apex deeply emarginate, side margins straight,
humeral angles rounded ; scutellum broad, its apical third wider
than and slightly surpassing the corium, its tip broadly
rounded ; corium with apex subtruncate, its angles rounded ;
membrane reaching tip of abdomen, its veins anastomosing;
connexivum not exposed ; osteolar opening with a very short
auricle; tarsi sulcate above. Genital plate of male with apex
broadly emarginate, the notch with a distinct median tooth.
But one species is known.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 147

97 (139). Cc£NUS delius (Say), 1831, 8; I, 320.

Oval, subconvex above, strongly .convex beneath. Above dull yellow,
thickly and rather evenly marked with fuscous punctures; tylus and
narrow edges of sides of pronotum yellow, impunctate; antenna? with
joints 2, 4 and 5 fuscous, 3 reddish-yellow; membrane hyaline, the veins
fuscous; under surface dull yellow, with abdomen alutaceous and densely
irregularly covered with fine blackish punctures; thoracic pleura with
coarse scattered similar punctures; legs yellow, thickly flecked with
small purplish and larger black dots, tarsi and spiracles fuscous. Struc-
tural characters as above given. Length, 8.5 — 10.5 mm.; width, 4.5 —
6 mm.

Laporte, Marion and Vigo counties, Ind., Aug. 5 — Oct. 16.
Swept from tall grass on the former date, taken from beneath a
log on the latter. This appears to be one of the scarcer Penta-
tomids in Indiana, but six specimens being at hand. Its known
range is a wide one, extending from Quebec and New England
west to British Columbia and Montana and south and south-
west to Oklahoma (and Texas?). Van Duzee (1904,49) states
that — "Its southern range includes Florida and Texas," but I
have not taken it in Florida nor does Barber record it from
there. In fact, the most southern previously definitely men-
tioned stations are "Ft. Cobb, Indian Territory," by Uhler
(1872, 396) and various points in New Jersey by Smith (1910,
135). However Brimley (Ms.) reports it from Blowing Rock
and Grandfather Mountain, N. Car.

Of its habits Van Duzee (1894, 171) says that about Buf-
falo, N. Y., it is "common in dry fields and pastures throughout
the season. In September I found a dozen or more individuals
gathered on a bruised sweet apple, the juice of which they were
eagerly imbibing." Olsen (1912, 53) states that he has kept
the adults in captivity for two months by feeding them on
moth mullein. Stoner (1920, 88) mentions its habits in Iowa
as follows:

"Timothy and clover fields, particularly those in more or less moist
situations, are the places most frequently chosen by this insect. The
vegetation of semi-cultivated roadsides will frequently harbor it in some
numbers, especially if there is more or less timothy and blue grass
present. Low-lying blue-grass pastures are also favored habitats. Hiber-
nating forms are not uncommon, and specimens may be found in early
spring under boards, sticks and rubbish in pastures and along the grassy
edges of fields. Judging from the material at hand, this species breeds
rather later in the year than most of our Pentatomids, and with us ap-
pears to be single brooded. All the nymphs have been taken in July."

148 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID,£.

XIII. Neottiglossa Kirby, 1837, 276.

Small, oblong-oval convex species having the head strongly
deflexed ; cheeks longer than tylus and usually meeting in
front of it ; antennae slender, scarcely reaching base of pro-
notum, the third joint shorter than second, the fourth and fifth
thicker and longer; beak usually reaching middle of hind coxae,
its second joint as long as third and fourth united; pronotum
with a more or less evident transverse median groove, the front
portion but slightly lower than the hind one, side margins
straight, humeri rounded, not prominent ; scutellum broad,
but little narrowed behind, its apex wider than and surpassing
that of corium ; membrane reaching tip of abdomen, hyaline,
its veins simple ; connexivum very narrowly or not at all ex-
posed ; osteole not or slightly prolonged as a wrinkle beyond
the opening, but without auricle or canal ; tibiae not or very
faintly sulcate above. Genital plate of male semi-circular,
almost perpendicular, its hind margin truncate.

About 15 species are known, most of them palaearctic in dis-
tribution. Four of them occur in the United States, all in our
territory. They are found mostly on grasses and clover in open
fields and meadows.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF NEOTTIGLOSSA.

a. Head triangular, narrowed toward apex, its front not deeply con-
cave.
b. Cheeks with mai'gins sinuate or very feebly notched in front of
eyes, their disks but little raised above their margins.
c. Head not black, rather finely, not densely and deeply punctate;
occiput with a narrow median pale line which extends back
onto pronotum; length, 4.5 — 5.5 mm. 98. UNDATA.

cc. Head wholly black, feebly bronzed, deeply and densely punctate;
occiput without a pale line; length, 5.5 — 6 mm. 99. trilineata.
66. Cheeks with margins distinctly notched in front of eyes, their disks
coarsely, deeply and densely punctate, strongly tumid and raised
above the margins; occiput without pale line; length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

100. SULCIFRONS.

ad. Head broadly oval, not narrowed toward apex, its front broadly and

deeply concave; length, 4 — 4.5 mm. 101. cavifrons.

98 (145). Neottiglossa undata (Say), 1831, 8; I, 319.

Oblong-oval, convex above and beneath. Above grayish-yellow, rath-
er evenly marked with small black punctures; a narrow smooth slightly
raised median line extending from base of tylus nearly to apex of scu-

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 149

tellum, edge of side margins of pronotum and connexivum and a short
calloused line on each basal angle of scutellum, pale yellow; antenna?
reddish-yellow, the last two joints fuscous; thoracic pleura dull yellow,
thickly marked with coarse black punctures; legs yellow, the femora with
purplish dots; abdomen piceous, feebly bronzed, finely and evenly punc-
tate, its side margins yellow. Head convex, its side margins smooth and
apex subacute; cheeks usually meeting in front of tylus, the latter with
a few coarse punctures. Third antennal three-fourths the length of
second. Pronotum with scattered small irregular spots and narrow
transverse lines smooth; otherwise rather evenly punctate. Hind mar-
gin of genital plate of male with a small median notch. Length, 4.5 —
5.5 mm.; width, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Lake and Marion counties, Ind., June 4 — Sept. 1 ; swept from
grass along roadsides in low alluvial soil. Elizabeth and St.
Joseph, 111., June 27 — July 7 (Hart). Apparently a scarce
species in Indiana. Ranges from Quebec and New England
westward across southern Canada and the northern states to
the Pacific ; the only record of its occurrence south of New Jer-
sey and central Illinois being that of Bueno for Southern Pines,
N. Car. Of its occurrence and habits in Iowa Stoner (1920,
93) has written: "Common in suitable situations and in some
seasons even abundant under favorable conditions. Almost
any field of timothy or blue-grass will yield numbers of these
bugs during the summer months. Specimens are also some-
times taken from red clover, mullein and riverside grape.
Adults are most common in July. Hibernating individuals
have been found in March and April under rocks in out-of-the
way places which have been permitted to grow up in weeds and
grass during the summer."

99 (146). Neottiglossa trilineata Kirby, 1837, 276.

Larger than undata, to which it is closely allied. Head and front
half of pronotum black; elytra and basal half of pronotum dull yellow
with fuscous punctures ; median line of pronotum and a small spot be-
hind each callosity yellow, side margins white. Scutellum testaceous,
basal angles and a spot on apex blackish, disk with a median yellow line
extending from base to apical third, this crossed at middle of scutellum
by a transverse yellowish line which unites with a sublateral line each
side, extending to base of scutellum, thus forming a trident marking.
Corium with two piceous spots on apical margin; membrane and connexi-
vum white; dorsum black; under surface bronzed-black, closely punctate;
legs yellowish, femora and tibiae with black lines or spots ; third tarsal
joint piceous. Head less abruptly deflexed with apex less acute than in
undata. Third antennal relatively longer, only one-ninth shorter than
second. Beak nearly reaching hind coxae. Pronotum with side margins

150 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^.

straight, impunctate, broader than in undata; front half closely punc-
tate, hind one more sparsely punctate. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

A species of northern distribution, its known range extend-
ing from Nova Scotia, northern Michigan and Nebraska to
British Columbia and California. Hussey (1922b, 85) gives in
detail the differences between it and undata.

100 (147). Neottiglossa sulcifrons Stal, 1872, 18.

Oblong-oval, convex above and beneath. Above dull reddish or
brownish yellow, the head, front portion of pronotum, basal third and
narrow median line of scutellum, black, opaque or feebly bronzed; nar-
row edge of side margins of pronotum and elytra and a short curved
calloused line each side of base of scutellum, pale yellow; antennas red-
dish-yellow, the last two joints dusky; entire under surface bronzed; legs
yellow throughout. Head convex, narrowed in front; cheeks longer
than tylus, contiguous in front, separated from it each side by a dis-
tinct groove, their margins notched and strongly sinuate in front of
eyes, otherwise as in key. Pronotum with disk evenly punctate, often
with a small pale calloused spot each side of middle. Scutellum evenly
and coarsely punctate throughout except on basal calloused lines. Ab-
domen finely and evenly punctate, thoracic pleura more coarsely and
densely so. Osteolar opening prolonged as a fine distinct tapering ridge.
Hind margin of male genital plate entire. Length, 4 — 5 mm. ; width,
2.5 — 3 mm.

Marion, Lawrence and Martin counties, Ind., May 30 — Aug.
25 ; beaten from oak and swept from timothy meadows and
roadside herbage. Not taken in the northern half of the State.
It is among the smallest of our Pentatomids and readily sep-
arated from our other species by its color and the characters
given in key. Stal's type was from Texas, and it is a species of
southern range, extending from New Jersey westward, south
of central Indiana and Illinois and northern Iowa, to Nebraska,
Kansas and New Mexico. Recorded from North Carolina and
Georgia but not as yet from Florida. Uhler (1877, 402) states
that near Baltimore, Md., he swept numerous specimens of it
from weeds in July. Stoner (1920, 95) states that in Iowa
"hibernating individuals have not been discovered and practi-
cally all the specimens have been swept from sparsely growing
blue-grass and timothy." The nymphs of the third and fourth
stage are curious oblong, strongly convex creatures, bright yel-
low in hue with four black stripes along the entire upper sur-
face.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN.-E. 151

101 (148). Neottiglossa cavifrons Stal, 1872, 18.

Oblong-oval, convex above and beneath. Above black or piceous-
black, shining; elytra and sometimes the basal portion of pronotum dull
brownish-yellow; usually two small spots on occiput, two near middle
of pronotum and a feebly curved short line each side of base of scu-
tellum, calloused and ivory-white; basal joints of antenna? reddish-
yellow, fourth and fifth fuscous; under surface black, faintly bronzed;
legs yellow, the narrow edge of abdomen and sometimes of pronotum
ivory-white. Head very broad, densely and finely punctate, its apex
broadly rounded, the entire deflexed front hollowed out to form a deep
regular almost circular concavity; tylus flat, surpassed by cheeks, which
are contiguous before it. Pronotum and scutellum evenly, densely and
shallowly punctate, the side margins of former a little concave. Under
surface finely and evenly punctate. Genital plate of male rather narrow,
its middle feebly depressed, its apex truncate, entire. Length, 4 — 5.2
mm.; width, 2.5 — 3 mm.

Dubois and Knox counties, Ind. (W.S.B.). Dubois, 111.,
May 23 (Hart). The Indiana specimens were taken May 14,
by sifting debris at the base of stumps and July 7 by sweeping
bush clover, Lespedesa, on the top of a high sandy knoll. Stal's
types were from Texas and it is listed by Van Duzee only from
that State, Utah and California. East of the Mississippi it is
known only from the southern fourth of Illinois and southern
Indiana. Hart (1919, 187) states that it "is not uncommon in
southern Illinois from April 28 to July 21, with nymphs on
June 20 and July 9. One of the nymphs was taken on Pycnan-
themum" Van Duzee (1904, 50) says that cavifrons and sulcifrons
"are close and possibly should be considered but varieties of a
single form." The structure and shape of the head in the two
is entirely different and there is no doubt but that they are
very distinct.

XIV. Cosmopepla Stal, 1867, 525.

Species of small size and oval convex form having the head
moderately declivent, as long as or longer than broad, cheeks
equalling the tylus ; antennae slender, pubescent, reaching base
of pronotum, second and third joints subequal, fourth and fifth
stouter, the fifth the longest; beak reaching base of second
ventral, its first segment one-half longer than bucculaa, second
a little shorter than third and fourth united; pronotum
with front portion strongly declivent, its side margins almost
straight, humeral angles obtusely rounded; scutellum broad,
reaching or a little surpassing tip of corium, its apex broadly

152 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMIDiE.

rounded; frena in our species less than one-half its length;
membrane hyaline, slightly surpassing abdomen, its veins
simple; connexivum narrowly exposed; osteolar opening with
auricle very small, scarcely evident ; tibiae not sulcate. Genital
plate of male short, broad, its hind margin subtruncate and re-
flexed.

Seven species are known from the American Continent, five
of which occur in the United States, but only one is definitely
known from our territory. ;-

102 (149). Cosmopepla bimaculata (Thomas), 1865, 455.

Broadly oval, convex above and beneath. Black, shining; pronotum
with edge of side margins, a transverse line be-
tween the humeri and a narrower longitudinal
median line, reddish-yellow; apical third of
scutellum with a large triangular red spot each
side; edge of side margins of abdomen and of
basal third of elytra yellow or reddish-yellow;
tarsi piceous. Head as wide across the eyes as
long, its apex rounded ; cheeks flat, densely and
coarsely punctate, their margins slightly sinu-
ate. Pronotum with black portion closely rather
coarsely punctate, the pale lines and edges
smooth. Scutellum coarsely punctate with nu-

Fig. 29, X 6.
(After Lugger). merous smooth lines intervening on basal half.

Elytra coarsely somewhat rugosely punctate.

Abdomen finely and rather sparsely punctate, the thoracic pleura more

coarsely and densely so. Length, 5 — 7 mm.; width, 3 — 4.2 mm. (Fig. 29).

Common throughout Indiana, May 5 — Oct. 16. Occurs on
the foliage and flowers of many plants, especially those of oats,
mullein, bouncing-bet, greater ragweed and goldenrod. Found
mating on May 5 and June 19. Ranges from Nova Scotia and
New England, west to British Columbia and Washington, and
south to Georgia, Texas and Mexico. Not as yet recorded from
Florida, though it possibly occurs in the northern third of that
State. It has been generally known as C. camifex (Fabr.), but
Kirkaldy (1909, 80) showed that that name was preoccupied
and renamed it C. lintneriana. Thomas, however, had previously
described it (loc. cit.) as Pentatoma bimaculata.

This prettily colored little bug appears to be abundant over
much of its wide range. Van Duzee (1894, 170) states that at

"Montandon (1893, 19) says that he 1ms seen a specimen of C. binotata Hist..
from Wisconsin, in the Lethierry collection. As it is known elsewhere only from
Mexico .mil Arizona, it was probably wrongly labelled or an adventive.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 153

Ridgeway, Ontario, he once found them mating, May 31, on
wild columbine and that they were present in such numbers
as nearly to cover the plants. Hart (1907, 238) mentions it
as occurring at Havana, 111., "on Scrophularia nodosa and other
plants among the black-jack oaks, clustered along the stems."
Olsen (1912, 54) has bred it from egg to imago on moth
mullein and states that "a male has been observed to prey upon
the eggs deposited by its mate, completely draining their con-
tents." Other food plants which have been mentioned by
authors are Ranunculus, currant, blackberry, mint, potato,
raspberry, thistle, nettle and pokeberry.

XV. Loxa Amyot & Serville, 1843, 137.

Very large, broadly oval convex species having the head long,
triangular, almost porrect, bifid at apex; cheeks flat, much
longer than tylus, their side margins straight and tips sub-
acute and separated ; beak reaching to or beyond middle of
third ventral, its first joint longer than bucculae, second almost
as long as third and fourth united ; antennae very slender, sur-
passing base of pronotum, first joint stoutest, as long as head,
3 — 5 subequal, each slightly longer than second ; pronotum
with front portion declivent, its side margins straight, strong-
ly crenulate ; humeral angles prominent, acutely produced in an
upward and outward projecting spine ; scutellum with apical
half much narrowed, scarcely surpassing middle of abdomen,
its apex much narrower than that of corium ; connexivum nar-
rowly exposed ; membrane with veins simple ; femora with a
short obtuse spine at apex above ; tibiae narrowly sulcate ; os-
teolar opening with a large, feebly curved auricle.

A half dozen or more species are known from tropical
America, but only one from the eastern United States.

103 (171). Loxa Florida Van Duzee, 1909, 156.

Broadly oval, subconvex above, rather strongly convex beneath.
Above pale green, marked with numerous very small brownish-red punc-
tures; narrow edge of head, serrations of pronotum and basal half of
costal edge of elytra, pale yellow, bordered within by a scarlet-red line;
spines scarlet; disks of pronotum and scutellum with numerous short
transverse slightly elevated pale rugae; corium with scattered small
rounded pale spots; membrane hyaline with scattered green dots; an-
tenna? and legs greenish-yellow; under surface dull greenish-yellow. Head

154 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

Fig. 30, X P....
(After Van Duzee).

regularly tapering from the eyes forward, lm-
punctate, its basal half with numerous very fine
transverse wrinkles. Pronotum and scutellum
with the small punctures in irregular transverse
rows between the much broader, broken trans-
verse ruga?. Elytra sub-alutaceous, evenly,
sparsely and very finely punctate. Under sur-
face finely and sparsely punctate. Genital plate
of male widely and very deeply emarginate or
bi-lobed, each lobe with its inner margin deflexed
and apex obtusely rounded. Length, 21 — 23
mm.; width, 12 — 14 mm. (Fig. 30).

Dunedin, Miami and Key West, Fla.,
Nov. 30 — April 1. About a dozen specimens have been taken
at Dunedin. They were swept singly from foliage along the
margins of orange groves and cultivated grounds. Known only
from Florida, the type from Crescent City and the other half
dozen recorded stations ranging from Jacksonville to Big Pine
Key. It is one of the largest and most handsome of our eastern
Pentatomids.

XVI. Murgantia Stal, 1862, 105.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed species of medium size having the
head broad, triangular, strongly deflexed; cheeks with side
margins elevated and thickened, their tips not reaching that of
tylus; beak stout, reaching middle of hind coxse, its second
joint as long as third and fourth united ; pronotum short and
wide, with both front angles and humeri obtusely rounded, its
disk almost smooth, with front portion feebly declivent ; scutel-
lum elongate, strongly tapering, its tip narrowly rounded, frena
reaching its apical fourth ; membrane surpassing abdomen, its
veins simple ; connexivum narrowly exposed ; tibise sulcate
above only on apical half ; osteolar opening very small, without
auricle or canal. Genital plate of male short, wide, its hind
margin thickened and broadly shallowly concave.

This genus is represented by a half dozen or so species, most
of which occur in South America. Two are known from our
territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MURGANTIA.

«. Color above black with orange-red and yellow markings.

104. HISTRIONICA.
aa. Color above violet-blue with yellowish-white markings.

105. VIOLASCENS.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN.-E.

155

Fig. 31, X 4.

(After Chittenden).

104 (172). Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), 1834, 116.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed above, more convex beneath. Head black,
each cheek with a large triangular yellow spot; antennae black, the basal
joint in part paler; pronotum orange-red, its front margin paler at

middle; disk with a wide, irregular, often
interrupted, crescentic black spot behind
each apical angle; scutellum black, its base
with three small yellow spots, the tip and
a central cross orange-red; elytra orange-
red with a large transverse black spot in
front of middle and another at apical
fourth; membrane black, paler toward tip;
abdomen black, shining, with seven rows of
paler spots, those of the median row and
the outer two rows on each side yellow,
those of the other two rows larger and in
great part orange; thoracic pleura black,
each with one or two paler spots; legs
black, the femora with yellowish lines and
spots. Head and pronotum almost smooth,
the latter with margins thickened and disc with a single submedian
curved row of small punctures. Scutellum with base smooth, the apical
half with a few punctures and narrow transverse impressed lines. Elytra
finely, evenly and shallowly punctate. Under surface almost smooth.
Length, 9—11.5 mm.; width, 5.5—6.5 mm. (Fig. 31).

Crawford, Spencer, Perry and Posey counties, Ind., May 8 —
Get. 22 ; Chokoloskee, Fla., Oct. 20 ; Orizaba, Mexico, July 28
(W.S.B.). Agricultural College, Miss. (Weed). The Indiana
specimens were taken from cabbage and other cruciferous
plants, to which it often does much injury. It is a species of
southern range, which has gradually spread northward, its
known present distribution extending from New England west
to Colorado and south and southwest to southern Florida,
Texas, California and Mexico. It is not common in Florida, the
only previous definite station recorded being based upon speci-
mens from Lake City in the Gainesville collection. Chittenden
(1908) has given the most comprehensive description of the
distribution, habits and remedies for this bug, and from it I
quote as follows :

"A moderate-sized red and black plant-bug, variously known as
'calico back,' 'fire bug' and 'terrapin bug,' as well as harlequin cabbage
bug, is the most destructive insect enemy of cabbage and related crops
in the southern part of the United States. It accomplishes its work of
destruction by sucking the sap from leaves and veins of cabbage and

156 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^.

other crucifers, the affected plants wilting, withering and dying as if
they had been swept by fire, whence the name 'fire bug.' A half dozen
mature insects are capable of destroying a small plant in one or two
days. Some years ago the writer saw many large fields in Maryland
and Virginia from which not a single good cabbage could be picked, and
observed similar injury to horse-radish and some other crucifers.

"The eggs are beautiful objects and remarkable for the fact that they
closely imitate in miniature white barrels bound with black hoops and
with black spots set in the proper place for bung holes. The younger
stages, or nymphs, of this species bear considerable resemblance to the
mature form, differing, however, in the lack of wings and in having only
four joints to the antennae, whereas the adults have five.

"The experience of years has shown that in order to obtain the best
results in the treatment of the harlequin cabbage bug preventives are
necessary, as there is great difficulty in obtaining insecticides which are
effective and which do not at the same time injure or kill the plants.
These preventives are: clean cultural methods, especially in the fall;
the use of trap crops of mustard or other plants in the spring, and hand
picking, the large size and bright colors of the insect rendering it easy
of detection and its sluggish nature assisting in its easy capture."

105 (174). Murgantia violascens (Westwood), 1837, 34.

Oval, subdepressed. Above dark blue, shining; a small crescent on
each cheek, side margins, a cross on disk and part of hind margins of
pronotum, side margins and median line of scutellum, a forked trans-
verse line on apical third of corium and incisures of antennae and con-
nexivum, ivory-white; membrane blackish-blue, the margins pale; under
surface and legs ivory-white, the margins of sterna and ventrals and
some lines on femora and tibiae, dark blue or fuscous-brown. Pronotum
with a deep submedian transverse punctured groove. Other structural
characters as under generic heading. Length, 8 — 9 mm.

Lignum-vitae Key, Fla., February (Barber). A West Indian,
species recorded also from Key Largo, Fla. Not known in the
United States outside of that State. The pale margins of
scutellum join the median line at apical fifth.

SUBTRIBE III OF PENTATOMINI.

To this group or subtribe belong those genera of the tribe
Pentatomini whose members have the middle of second ventral
armed with a tubercle or spine which projects forward towards
or between the hind coxae. They vary much in size and color,
but all have the body oval, more or less convex ; head porrect
or feebly declivent, cheeks equalling or exceeding tylus ; prono-
tum with humeral angles (except in Arvelius) not spined, its

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^. 157

side margins usually entire ; scutellum strongly tapering, its
apex narrower than and not reaching the outer apical angle
of the corium ; osteolar opening with either a distinct auricle
or canal. Nine of the 25 genera of the tribe belong in this
group.

KEY TO EASTERN GEXERA OF SUBTRIBE III OF PEXTATOMIXI.

a. Cheeks not surpassing tylus, or, if slightly so, not contiguous in
front of it.
b. Ventral spine not reaching middle coxae.
c. First joint of antennae passing apex of head, second about half
the length of third; color black and red or black and violet.

XVII. Vulsirea, p. 158.
cc. First joint of antenna? not passing head, second usually more than
half the length of third; color not as above.
d. Larger, length 14 or more mm.; second antennal more than half
the length of fifth ; color usually clear green.
e. Spine of second ventral very short and obtuse; osteolar canal
short, subtruncate, not reaching middle of its supporting
plate; hind margin of genital plate of male with a broad and
very deep U-shaped emargination. XVIII. Nezara, p. 158.
ee. Spine of second ventral distinct; osteolar canal long, tapering,
much surpassing middle of its supporting plate; hind margin
of male genital plate shallowly emarginate or subtruncate.

XIX. ACROSTERNUM, p. 160.

del. Smaller, length not over 11 mm.; second antennal joint less than
half the length of fifth; color olivaceous green or darker; ven-
tral spine short, tuberculate. XX. Banasa, p. 163.
bb. Ventral spine reaching or slightly surpassing middle coxa?; spiracles
large, black. XXI. Piezodorus, p. 169.
aa. Cheeks surpassing tylus.

/. Tips of cheeks acute, not approaching or contiguous; humeri end-
ing in a strong upward and outward projecting spine; mesoster-
num with a prominent acute median carina.

XXII. Arvelius, p. 171.

//. Tips of cheeks obtuse, approaching or contiguous in front of tylus ;
humeri not spined ; mesosternum not acutely carinate.
g. Side margins of pronotum with filamentous teeth ; body hairy.

XXIII. Neopharnus, p. 172.

gg. Side margins of pronotum without filamentous teeth; body

glabrous.

h. Side margins of pronotum not crenulate; form short, broadly

oval; osteolar sulcus elongate, tapering into a narrow ridge;

length less than 9 mm. XXIV. Dendrocoris, p. 173.

hh. Side margins of pronotum crenulate; form elongate-oval; osteolar

canal short, its tip obtuse; length 11 or more mm.

XXV. Brepholoxa, p. 175.

158 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID,E.

XVII. Vulsirea Spinola, 1840, 350.

Large broadly oval species having the head small, porrect,
its apex rounded; cheeks equalling tylus, impunctate, their
edges thickened, reflexed, forming a cavity above tip of tylus
and another each side in front of eyes ; beak reaching between
hind coxae, its second and third joints subequal, fourth shorter
than either; pronotum short, very broad across the humeral
angles, the latter obtuse, disk with but a few scattered very
coarse punctures; scutellum relatively small, strongly nar-
rowed toward the obtusely rounded apex which passes but
slightly the inner apical angle of corium ; connexivum almost
wholly exposed; membrane slightly surpassing abdomen, its
veins few, forked ; under surface smooth, feebly convex. One
species occurs in Florida.

106 (176). Vulsirea violacea (Fabricius), 1803, 167.

Broadly oval, subdepressed, widest bebind the middle. Color varie-
gated and variable. The specimen at hand is bright red with head, an-
tenna?, beak, legs and pro- and meso- sterna black; a large round spot
behind each front angle of pronotum, an irregular cross-bar on basal
thirds of both pronotum and scutellum and the entire elytra blue-black;
connexival segments with a black bar at each end ; under surface with a
row of rounded spots each side, and the incisures at ends of ventrals
black; apex of sixth ventral and genital plate of male black. Joints 3 — 5
of antennae subequal, finely pubescent. Disk of pronotum uneven, strongly
narrowed from humeral angles to apex, its side margins evidently but
not strongly concave, with edges obtuse, not i*eflexed. Scutellum with
apical half appearing as if pinched, its center with an obtuse ridge and
sides flattened ; disk with but few scattered very coarse punctures.
Corium very finely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, the apical mar-
gin sinuate. Other characters as above given. Length, 18 mm. ; width,
10.5 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Fla., March 15 ; one male taken while beat-
ing in the west end of hammock on Paradise Key. A neo-
tropical species occurring in Central America, Mexico and the
West Indies. Known in this country only from two or three
specimens taken at Biscayne Bay and other places in extreme
southern Florida. One of the largest and most handsome of
American Pentatomids and said to be extremely variable in
color.

XVIII. Nezara Amyot & Serville, 1843, 143.

Large, broadly oval subconvex species having the head por-
rect, but little longer than broad, its apex rounded; cheeks flat.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMINiE. 159

reaching tip of tylus, their margins sinuate ; beak reaching or
surpassing middle of hind coxse, its first joint as long as buc-
culse, second about as long as third and fourth united ; antenna?
slender, basal joint stout, about one-third the length of second,
3 — 5 subequal, each slightly longer than second ; pronotum
with front portion gradually declivent, its side margins
straight, humeri obtusely rounded ; scutellum with apical half
strongly tapering, the tip narrowly rounded ; membrane
slightly surpassing abdomen, its veins in part anastomosing;
connexivum rather broadly exposed ; abdomen with a low
obtuse median carina ; tibiae sulcate. Genital plate of male
broadly and deeply emarginate, the middle or base of notch
slightly prolonged into a short rounded lobe, behind which is a
subcircular concavity.

One cosmopolitan species occurs in the eastern United States.

107 (178). Nezara viridula (Linnaeus), 1758, 444.

Oval, subconvex above, more convex beneath. Above clear green,
rarely tinged with reddish-fuscous ; narrow edge of side margins of head,
pronotum and sometimes of connexivum yellowish; antenna? green, the
fifth joint, apical two-thirds of fourth and tip of third, reddish-fuscous;
extreme base of scutellum with three or four small whitish calloused
spots, also a minute black dot on each basal angle; under surface pale
green, the coxae, thoracic groove and abdominal median ridge yellowish-
white. Entire upper surface finely and closely punctate, the pronotum
and scutellum with minute rugae between the punctures, giving them a
granulate and subopaque appearance. Thoracic pleura finely and sparsely
punctate, abdomen more closely and rugosely so, the median ridge smooth.
Structural characters as given above. Length, 14 — 17 mm.; width,
7 — 8.5 mm.

Ormond, Lakeland, Moore Haven, Cape Sable, Caxambus, Ft.
Myers and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 19 — April 4. About Dunedin it
is of frequent occurrence, especially in late autumn when it is
taken by sweeping soybeans, and in early spring by beating
foliage in or along the margins of wet hammocks. It hiber-
nates as imago, and several specimens taken in January were
strongly tinged with fuscous above and reddish beneath. Bar-
ber records it from a dozen or more stations in Florida in
addition to those given, and it doubtless occurs throughout the
State. Elsewhere in the United States it is recorded only from
Virginia, Louisiana and Texas. Bueno (1912, 316) also men-
tions the taking of a specimen, probably adventive, in a green-
house at Brooklyn, N. Y., and states that :

160 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMIDjE.

"Owing1 to its variable nature and world-wide distribution, it has
been redescribed (since the days of Linnaeus) under no less than 21
different specific names. . . . There is no reason why it should not
be able to establish itself here as it is quite at home in Germany and
Russia, where the winters are no warmer than in the United States. It
is recorded as feeding on orange, Celtis, mulberry, rice, sugar-cane, cot-
ton, maize and potato."

Morrill (1910, 82) states that at Quincy, Fla., in October
and November, 1905, this bug was very abundant, destroying
potato vines and occurring commonly on cotton. Late in Octo-
ber there were on each potato vine an average of between three
and five adults and 15 and 20 nymphs. The attacked vines
turned dark and finally wilted.

XIX. Acrosternum Fieber, 1861, 79.

This genus is very close to Nezara, the only differential char-
acters of importance being those given in the generic key. It
is very doubtful whether it should be considered as more than
a subgenus of Nesara, though all our recent writers have sep-
arated the two. The genus is a large one, nearly 60 species
being known from various parts of the world. Only three have
been taken in the United States, all of which are known from
our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN* SPECIES OF ACROSTERNUM.

a. Form short, oval; head distinctly broader across the eyes than long;
cheeks slightly exceeding tylus; sides of pronotum broadly curved.

108. PENNSYLVANICUM.

aa. Form elongate-oval; breadth of head across the eyes not, or but
slightly, exceeding its length; tylus equalling cheeks; sides of pro-
notum straight or nearly so.
b. Spine of second ventral scarcely reaching middle of hind coxae;
apex of male genital plate subtruncate, sinuate and with a slight
median notch, its outer apical angles subacute. 109. hilare.

bb. Spine of second ventral reaching or passing front edge of hind
coxae; apex of male genital plate with a broad shallow V-shaped
emargination, its outer apical angles obtuse. 110. marginatum.

108 (179). Acrosternum pennsylvanicum (De Geer), 1773, 330.

Broadly oval, obtusely rounded behind. Above green, shining; an-
tennae green, the apical two-thirds of joints 4 and 5 and the tip of 3
fuscous ; membrane brownish ; under surface green or greenish-yellow.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMINiE.

161

32, X 3. (After Lugger),

the spiracles and tips of apical angles
of ventral segments black. Head very
wide, slightly concave, its apex broadly
rounded. Beak not passing middle coxae.
Pronotum with side margins faintly
but evidently curved, the humeri broad,
obtusely rounded; disk finely and closely
punctate, with short, minute oblique
rugae-intervening. Scutellum more ir-
regularly punctate, the rugs on basal
half more distinct. Elytra alutaceous,
finely, evenly and shallowly punctate.
Abdomen without a median ridge, finely
and rugosely punctate. Apex of genital
plate of male slightly concave and with
a small but distinct median notch.
Length, 13.5—14.5 mm.; width, 9—9.5
mm. (Fig. 32).

Starke Co., Ind., June 17; Ormond and Dunedin, Fla., Nov.
16 — April 15. In Florida it was beaten from juniper, has been
recorded from several stations between Jacksonville and Lake
Okeechobee, and probably occurs sparingly throughout the
State. Its known range extends from Quebec and New Eng-
land west to Iowa and south to Georgia, Florida (and Pan-
ama?), but everywhere so far reported it appears to be scarce
in numbers. Uhler mentions it twice (1871, 1878) from Pan-
ama, but there are no records between there and Georgia,
where Say's type of Pentatoma abrupta, a synonym, was obtained.
Nothing regarding its food plants has been recorded, though
Banks has taken it on Jersey-tea, Ceanothus. According to
Parshley (1923, 767) only three specimens are known from
New England.

109 (181). Acrosternum hilare (Say), 1831, 5; I, 304, 316.

Elongate-oval, tapering from humeri to apex, the latter narrowly
rounded. Green, shining, narrow edge of side margins of head, prono-
tum and connexivum pale yellow or reddish-yellow; antennae green,
joints 2 — 5 subequal, the tip of third and apical half of fourth blackish,
fifth pale at base, then blackish, the tip reddish; membrane pale hyaline;
under surface green, its middle dull yellow; spiracles pale brownish;
hind angles of ends of ventral segments black. Head as broad across
the eyes as long, its apex broadly rounded; cheeks flat, finely and
closely rugose, the rugae enclosing minute punctures; beak reaching
middle of hind coxae. Pronotum with front portion moderately decliv-
ent, its sides straight, humeri rounded, disk with numerous fine trans-

162 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^.

verse rugae between the punctures. Scutellum with
similar rugae, these more distinct on basal portion,
the extreme base with five small pale calloused
spots. Elytra alutaceous, finely, evenly and shal-
lowly punctate. Connexivum narrowly exposed.
Abdomen with sides finely, rugosely punctate and
with a smooth rounded median ridge. Length, 14 —
19 mm.; width, 8—10 mm. (Fig. 33).

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in
the southern counties, March 14 — Oct. 26.
(Aftef' Chittenden). Occurs in summer on tall grass and the foli-
age of various herbs and shrubs along road-
sides and fence rows. Most abundant in August and Septem-
ber and probably hibernates, as I have taken it on sunny days
in March from the branches of shrubs and in April beneath
logs. In Lake and Porter counties it often occurs in the wash-
up of Lake Michigan. Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 15 —
April 7, three specimens only, all beaten from the borders of
wet hammocks. Barber records it from six additional stations
and it probably occurs sparingly throughout that State.

The known range of this large and handsome Pentatomid is
a wide one, extending from Quebec and New England west
through the northern States and southern Canada to the
Pacific, and south and southwest to Florida, Texas and Arizona.
Uhler (1878, 380) states that it also occurs in "the West Indies
and extends as far south as Para, Brazil." He may, however,
have confused it with A. marginatum, which it closely resembles.
Bueno (1908, 166) states that near White Plains, N. Y., in late
August he once found both nymphs and adults common on
goldenrod along the edges of an old timothy meadow. Morrill
(1910, 78) calls it the "green soldier bug," and states that:

"It is the most common Pentatomid found on cotton throughout our
southern States, although it is frequently exceeded in abundance by
other species. It shows a preference for the cotton bolls, often causing
them to fail to open perfectly and produce good lint. This bug is a
general feeder and occurs on tomatoes, egg-plant, turnip, mustard, peas,
oranges, beans, cabbage, corn, cotton, peaches and okra, often doing much
damage by its depredations. At Amherst, Mass., I once found both
nymphs and adults on European linden. The trees were fruiting and
the bugs were breeding on them in unusually large numbers, feeding
almost exclusively on the fruit."

Stoner (1920, 109) says that in Iowa "By far the greater

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 163

number of specimens have been taken in August. We have
collected them on hazel, wild black cherry and often on wild
grape growing along the edges of woods and in more or less
shaded and moist situations. On Aug. 24 we once found the
nymphs common on basswood trees, and I have in my collec-
tion both nymphs and eggs taken on basswood Aug. 15."

110 (180). Acrosternum marginatum ( Palisot de Beauvois) , 1805, 147.

Close to hilare. Slightly smaller and less narrowed behind. Edges
of upper surface more reddish; apex of scutellum less produced apically,
its tip more broadly rounded. Ventral spine longer and more slender.
Paired basal plates of female genitalia with their hind margin concave;
in hilare broadly obliquely rounded. Male genital plate differing as
shown in key. Length, 14 — 15 mm.; width, 8 — 8.5 mm.

Cape Sable, Fla., Feb. 23 — April 5, two specimens beaten
from foliage in dense hammocks (W.S.B.). Vera Cruz, Mexico,
March 20 {0 shorn) . Although mentioned by Uhler as occur-
ring in Florida, the Cape Sable record is the first one from a
definite station. It is a neotropical species recorded so far in
the United States only from Florida, Texas, Arizona and Cali-
fornia. Van Duzee (1907, 10) wrote of its occurrence in Ja-
maica as follows : "Abundant everywhere on bushes, especially
in the dry hot fields about Kingston. They fairly swarmed on
weeds and low bushes along the river bank south of Hope Bay."

This species is very close to hilare, but differs especially in
the secondary sexual characters. Stal evidently overlooked the
differences in the genital plates of both sexes of the two
species, as he says of marginatum (1872, 42) : "Ar. hilari maxime
affmis, spina basali ventris nonnihil longiore, staturaque paullo
breviore differt."

XX. Banasa Stal, 1860, 24.

Small or medium oval or elongate-oval species having the
sides subparallel, not dilated behind ; head porrect or feebly
declivent, scarcely longer than its width across the eyes, its
apex rounded ; cheeks usually flat, equalling tylus, their mar-
gins sinuate in front of eyes ; beak usually reaching or sur-
passing base of second ventral, its first joint slightly shorten
than bucculag, second about as long as third and fourth united ;
antennas slender, first joint shorter than head, second about
half the length of fifth, 3 — 5 subequal, the fifth slightly the

164 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

longest ; pronotum with front portion moderately to strongly
declivent, its side margins straight, humeri obtusely rounded ;
scutellum broad, gradually narrowed from the base, its apex
rather broadly rounded ; membrane slightly surpassing abdo-
men, its veins simple; connexivum narrowly or not at all ex-
posed ; spine of second ventral short, obtuse. Osteolar canal
attenuate, forming a tapering ridge which reaches almost to
outer apical angle of its supporting plate.

About 20 species are known, mostly from the tropical re-
gions. Eight of them occur in the United States, six east of
the Mississippi. These naturally group themselves in two
series or subgenera, as shown under a and aa of the following
key :

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF BAXASA.

a. Front portion of pronotum strongly declivent, its color pale yellow
or pale green, distinctly contrasting with the darker green, pur-
plish- or reddish-brown hue of the posterior portion; hind angles
of the ends of ventral segments acute or ending in minute spines.
b. Second joint of antennae not more than half the length of third;
incisures at ends of ventral segments without a black spot,
c. Basal halves of pronotum and scutellum quite evenly and regu-
larly punctate; genital plate of male very broadly and shal-
lowly concave; cheeks densely rugosely punctate.

111. DIMIDIATA.

cc. Basal halves of pronotum and scutellum very unevenly and
sparsely punctate, that of the latter in great part smooth;
cheeks obliquely strigose, almost impunctate.

112. LENTICULARIS.

bb. Second joint of antennae three-fourths the length of third; in-
cisures at ends of ventral segments with a black spot.

113. CALVA
ri(7. Front portion of pronotum much less declivent, its hue usually con-
colorous with that of the hind portion; hind angles of the ends of
ventral segments obtuse.
d. General color above dull greenish-yellow or fuscous; basal angles
of scutellum without a large calloused ivory-white spot.
e. Second joint of antenna? three-fourths the length of third; in-
cisures at ends of ventral segments with a black spot; punc-
tures of upper surface rather fine, closely and quite regularly
placed. 114. sordida.

ee. Second joint of antennae scarcely more than one-half the length
of third; incisures of ventral segments without a black spot;
punctures of upper surface coarse, very unevenly and sparsely
placed. 115. packardi.

dd. General color above clear green; basal angles of scutellum each
with a large calloused ivory-white spot. llfi. euchlora.

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^. 165

111 (182). Banasa dimidiata (Say), 1831, 7; I, 318. • -;" "

Oblong-oval, subdepressed above, convex beneath. Head, apical por-
tion of pronotum and usually the greater part of scutellum and con-
nexivum greenish-yellow or olivaceous; basal portion of pronotum,
apical third of scutellum and elytra clear green or reddish-brown, but
always darker than the parts first mentioned; antennae green or reddish-
green at base, the last two joints fuscous; under surface greenish-yellow;
tibia? and beak mostly green, tarsi fuscous. Head as broad across the
eyes as long; cheeks flat, coarsely and densely confluently punctate; first
and second joints of antennae subequal, each about half the length of
third ; beak reaching base of second ventral. Pronotum with front por-
tion strongly declivent, its disk finely, sparsely and unevenly punctate;
hind portion of pronotum and base of scutellum more coarsely and
rugosely punctate. Elytra rather coarsely, evenly and shallowly punc-
tate. Under surface very finely and sparsely punctate, the end of each
ventral with its hind angle ending in a minute spine. Genital plate of
male broadly and shallowly concave. Length, 8.5 — 11 mm.; width,
4.8 — 6 mm.

Frequent in the northern half of Indiana, May 21 — July 21;
not taken in the southern counties. Occurs mainly on foliage
of hazel, chokeberry and other shrubs along the margins of
swales and tamarack swamps. Ranges from Quebec and New
England west to the Pacific, and south to northern Florida,
Oklahoma and Texas. Say's types were taken from Georgia
and Florida, and from the latter State it has since been
definitely recorded only from Walton and Leon counties, near
the northern border. But little has been written concerning its
habits. Van Duzee states that about Buffalo, N. Y., it is "rare
in August and September on birch and other trees." Stoner
reports it as rare in Iowa "in woodland on deciduous trees."
It is nowhere reported as common or injurious. In color it
varies exceedingly, but as in lenticularis and calva, the front half
of pronotum is always paler than the hind one. In two speci-
mens from Vermilion Co., Ind., the entire upper surface, ex-
cept head, front of pronotum and tip of scutellum, is a wine red.

112 (185). Banasa lenticularis Uhler, 1894a, 174.

Form and size of dimidiata. Color paler, the head, front half of
pronotum, basal two-thirds of scutellum and elytra usually dull white,
the remainder of upper surface green; antennae greenish throughout;
under surface greenish-yellow, the legs in great part pale green. Struc-
ture much as in dimidiata, but the sculpture of upper surface very dif-
ferent, the head almost impunctate, but with a few transverse grooves;
entire disk of pronotum and scutellum very sparsely and unevenly punc-

166 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMIDvE.

tate; elytra much more sparsely and less evenly punctate than there.
Length, 9 — 12 mm.; width, 5 — 6 mm.

Sanford, Istokpoga, Moore Haven, R. P. Park and Dunedin,
Fla., Nov. 27 — March 7. Recorded also from Crescent City,
Jacksonville, Lakeland and Silver Springs, that State. De-
scribed from Grenada and known in the United States only
from Florida. About Dunedin it occurs sparingly in late
autumn and early spring on huckleberry and other shrubs,
especially the tall Ericad, Xolisma ferruginea (Walt.), while at
R. P. Park it was common in December on foliage along the
pathways of the dense hammock on Paradise Key.

113 (184). Banasa calva (Say), 1831, 7; I, 318.

Form of dimidiata, but slightly larger and a little more narrowed
from the humeri backward. Color paler, the green more tinged with yel-
low, but the pronotum with the same contrasting hues between the front
and hind portions; antennae with joints 4 and 5 reddish, the others
greenish-yellow, the second about three-fourths the length of third; con-
nexivum and apex of scutellum grayish-yellow; under surface and legs
pale greenish-yellow, the abdomen sprinkled with reddish dots, its sides
often with vague fuscous blotches. Head slightly longer than wide,
feebly narrowed toward apex, both cheeks and tylus finely and very
sparsely punctate, beak reaching middle of second ventral. Pronotum
with front portion strongly declivent, its disk finely, very sparsely and
unevenly punctate; humeri obtusely rounded; disk of hind portion and
that of scutellum finely and more evenly but sparsely punctate. Elytra
more closely and regularly punctate, the corium with a few small cal-
loused smooth areas. Abdomen almost smooth ; thoracic pleura rather
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Genital plate of male with hind margin
deflexed, widely and deeply emarginate. Length, 11.5 — 12 mm.; width,
6 mm.

Hamburg, N. Y., Sept. 27 (Van Dusee). Grand Tower, 111.,
July 12 (Hart). Not as yet noted in Indiana. Ranges from
Ontario and New England west to British Columbia and Oregon
and south to North Carolina and Georgia. The larger size,
with head more narrowed in front, longer second antennal joint
and black points on ventral incisures are the principal char-
acters separating this species from dimidiata, to which it is
closely related. Fresh specimens are among the most brilliant
of our eastern Pentatomids, the greenish or yellow of the head
and front of pronotum contrasting strongly with the vinous-
red of the hind portion and the scutellum. Say's types were
from Virginia, and were taken on holly, while the types of

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 167

Rhaphigaster catinus Dallas, a synonym, were from "Canada."
Van Duzee (1904, 59) states that about Buffalo, N. Y., it is
"tolerably abundant on various deciduous. trees from August to
October." The notes on its distribution show that it is much
less common than dimidiata.

114 (186). Banasa sordida (Uhler), 1871, 98.

Oval, subconvex. Above dull yellow, so tbickly and evenly marked
with dark punctures as to appear almost fuscous; antennae greenish-
yellow, the outer two joints darker; narrow edges of side margins of
pronotum, connexivum, basal third of elytra and tip of scutellum, pale
yellow; membrane fuscous at base, paler toward apex; connexivum pale
brown, its incisures blackish; under surface dull yellow sprinkled with
reddish punctures and dots ; abdomen with four rows of large vague ill
defined blotches, and a dot on the end of each ventral incisure, fuscous;
legs dull yellow to greenish-fuscous. Head as wide across the eyes as
long, thickly and rather finely punctate, its front gradually feebly nar-
rowed ; cheeks equalling tylus ; beak reaching middle of third ventral.
Pronotum with front half moderately declivent, humeri obtusely rounded ;
disk with numerous smooth, irregular transverse yellowish lines between
the wavy lines of punctures. Scutellum with similar lines between the
rows of punctures, a small spot on each basal angle and the tip smooth.
Elytra evenly and rather coarsely punctate. Abdomen very finely,
sparsely punctate; thoracic pleura more coarsely and closely so. Genital
plate of male with hind margin broadly and rather deeply concave.
Length, 10- — 11.5 mm.; width, 6 — 7.5 mm.

Grand Tower, 111., June 30 — July 10 (Urbana collection) ; Wash-
ington, D. C, Oct. 20 (Osboru). Not as yet known from, though
probably occurs in, Indiana. Ranges from New England to
Vancouver's Island and California, south to Maryland and
Virginia. Nothing regarding its habits has been recorded.17

115 (187). Banasa packardi Stal, 1872, 43.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Above dull greenish-yellow or pale
reddish-brown, very sparsely and irregularly marked with large blackish
punctures; antennae greenish at base, the outer joints reddish; basal
third of pronotum sometimes dark green ; tip of scutellum green or yel-
low; elytra often tinged with reddish; membrane dusky brown, its basal
angles fuscous ; abdomen greenish-yellow, reddish or fuscous with three
rows of large paler yellow spots; legs greenish-yellow; claws and tip of
beak black. Head slightly longer than wide, feebly tapering, its apex
rounded ; cheeks rather coarsely and very sparsely punctate ; second
joint of antenna? scarcely half the length of third; beak reaching base of

37Parshley. in his keys (1915. 176, and 1923. 768). states that the nosterior
lateral angles of abdominal segments of sordida are acuminate and those of dimidiata
and cairn obtuse, whereas the reverse is the case. He also erroneously states that in
dimidiata the margins of the ventral segments have conspicuous black dots.

168 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMIDjE.

third ventral. Pronotum with front portion gradually declivent; disk
very sparsely, coarsely and unevenly punctate and with a vague wide
shallow depression behind the front angles. Scutellum similarly punc-
tate, the apex smooth. Corium with punctures in part aggregated to
form an oblique dark space near middle and another near tip. Under
surface sparsely and finely punctate, the thoracic pleura more coarsely
so. Length, 10.5 — 11.5 mm.; width, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 30 — March 9, three specimens taken
from red cedar, Juniperus virginiana Linn.; another Sept. 1, at
porch light. Beaufort, N. Car., September (Brimley) . The only
other Florida record is that of Van Duzee (1904, 61) from St.
Augustine. Stal's types were from North Carolina, and it is
known elsewhere only from New Jersey and Georgia. The
only mention of its habits is that of Bueno and Engelhardt
(1910, 148) as follows:

"This species was observed only on Smith's Island, N. Car., Aug. 3,
and only on one cedar tree. Close inspection showed this tree to be
literally covered with insects clinging to the twigs and smaller branches,
many in copulation. In spite of the great numbers they were rather
inconspicuous, their color and markings, especially those of the abdomen,
bearing a striking resemblance to the small cedar twigs. On the slightest
disturbance they dropped, taking to wing, however, before reaching the
ground. A small vial, holding about 50 specimens, was filled from a
single twig. A vigorous kick at the trunk dislodged so many as to
obscure the air, but after a short flight all returned and alighted again.
As no injury whatever could be detected to the tree, which was a
splendid specimen, and in the absence of other insects, which might have
been the attraction, the visitation evidently was not due to feeding, but
more probably a gregarious habit while mating. This conclusion was
strengthened by further observations, including the examination of many
cedars, as well as other trees, which failed to reveal the presence of the
bug elsewhere on the island."

116 (188). Banasa euchlora Stal, 1872, 44.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Above clear dark green, two stripes
on occiput and scattered spots on front portion of pronotum and disk
of corium, yellowish-white and subcalloused ; scutellum with tip and a
large smooth spot on each basal angle ivory-white; antenna? green, the
last two joints tinged with fuscous, the second three-fourths the length
of third; connexivum green, the middle of each segment yellow; mem-
brane hyaline, sometimes in part dusky; under surface green with five
rows of vague, ill defined yellow or whitish spots; legs green, the tarsi
and tip of beak fuscous. Head slightly longer than broad, feebly nar-
rowed in front, its apex rounded; cheeks equalling tylus, subconvex and
closely striate-punctate above; beak reaching base of third ventral.
Pronotum with front portion moderately declivent, its side margins

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIKLE.

169

Fig. 34, X 4.

( Original ) .

faintly but evidently concave, its disk
and that of scutellum sparsely, coarsely
and unevenly punctate. Elytra, except
on the calloused spots, finely and rather
evenly punctate. Abdomen very finely
and sparsely punctate ; thoracic pleura
more coarsely and closely so. Genital
plate of male with a broad crescentic
emargination, the tips of the lobes
broadly rounded. Length, 9 — 11 mm.;
width, 6—6.5 mm. (Fig. 34).

Putnam Co., Ind., Oct. 1 ; one
adult and one nymph on cedar.
Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 28, five adults,
three nymphs, also on cedar. This
is the first definite station record
for Florida. Southern Pines, N.
Car.; Mobile, Ala., April 5, and Nogales, Ariz., Aug. 19 (Ger-
hard). Denver, Colo., June 20 (Osborn) . Ranges from Maryland
and Virginia west to southern Illinois, Iowa and Colorado, and
south to Florida, Texas and Arizona. It seems to occur mainly
on cedar, as Uhler (1876, 291) states that near Waco, Tex.,
it was found beneath the bark of cedar trees, and Hart (1919,
182) says that specimens taken at Summerfield, 111., were from
the same plant.

XXI. Piezodorus Fieber, 1861, 78.

Species of medium size, resembling closely in form, structure
and general appearance those of Bauasa, but differing in having
joints 2 — 5 of antennae subequal ; osteolar canal shorter,
scarcely passing middle of metasternal plate, tapering to a
point, not extended as a ridge ; spine of second ventral longer,
more slender, reaching or slightly passing middle coxae and
often overlapping the tip of beak.

About half a dozen species are known, principally from the
tropical regions, two of which occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF PIEZODORUS.

a. Connexivum in great part pale; pronotum with a smooth pale band
between the humeri, this separating the paler hue of the front
portion from the darker one behind. 117. guildinii.

aa. Connexivum deep black, edged without by yellow or reddish ; prono-
tum without a pale band between the humeri. 118. lituratus.

170 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

117 (190). Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) , 1837, 31.

Elongate-oval, subconvex. Above uniform pale greenish-yellow, fad-
ing to dull yellow, the hind portion of pronotum, when fresh, usually
purplish-red or brownish; antennae yellow, the last two joints tinged
with reddish; tip of clavus with a small fuscous point; under surface
and legs dull greenish-yellow, spiracles black. Head short, wider across
the eyes than long, its apex broadly rounded; cheeks flat, equalling
tylus, finely, closely, confidently punctate; beak slightly passing middle
coxa?. Pronotum with front portion strongly declivent, side margins
straight, humeri obtusely rounded ; disk finely, unevenly, sparsely punc-
tate. Scutellum rather short, broad, evenly tapering from the base, its
disk finely, evenly, not closely punctate. Elytra similarly punctate;
connexivum more finely and closely so. Thoracic pleura coarsely,
rugosely punctate; abdomen more finely, aciculate-punctate, its middle
almost smooth. Genital plate of male convex at middle, depressed each
side, its hind margin rounded, with a broad, very shallow concavity at
middle. Length, 9.5 — 11.5 mm.; width, 5 — 6 mm.

Ormond, Lakeland, Dunedin and Sarasota, Fla., Nov. 19 —
April 15 (W.S.B.). Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11 (Davis).
Barber lists three additional stations and it probably occurs
sparingly throughout the State. It is a neotropical species,
recorded in this country only from Georgia, Florida and New
Mexico. About Dunedin it occurs frequently in late autumn
and early spring on tall weeds and low shrubs along the borders
of orange groves and in open pine woods. When fully colored
it is a very handsome insect, resembling Banasa calva closely in
size, form and hue. One specimen from Dunedin has the side
margins of pronotum, connexivum and basal half of corium
narrowly edged with carmine-red. Cabinet specimens soon
fade to a nearly uniform dull yellow. Van Duzee (1907, 10)
states that in Jamaica he "swept numbers of this insect from
rank weeds along the roadsides. All of them have the base of
pronotum blackish, bordered before by a pale calloused band.
In none is the rufous band more than indicated."

118 (191). Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricius), 1794, 114.

Form of guildinii but averaging larger. Above dark greenish-yellow
the basal portion of pronotum, margins of apical third of scutellum and
inner field of elytra purplish-red shading to chestnut-brown; tergum
black, the edge of connexivum red or yellow; under surface dull greenish-
yellow; legs of the same hue, the apical halves of the femora shading to
piceous; abdomen often with an oblique dark stripe each side near middle
of second and third ventrals. Head much as in guildinii. Pronotum
less declivent in front, with disk more coarsely, evenly and closely punc-

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E. 171

tate. Sculpture and structure otherwise as in guildinii. Length, 11.5 —
12.5 mm.; width, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Ormond, Fla., April 15 (W. S.B.). A European species
known in this country only from Florida, Van Duzee (1904, 61)
having recorded it from Jacksonville. The single female at
hand has the entire hind portion of pronotum a deep purplish-
red and the edge of connexivum of the same hue instead of
the usual pale yellow.

XXII. Arvelius Spinola, 1840, 344.

Rather large, elongate-oval, convex species having the head
feebly declivent, longer than wide ; cheeks narrow, much long-
er than tylus, acutely pointed, their outer margins straight and
inflexed, the inner one thickened, thus forming a median
groove ; beak slender, reaching base of fourth ventral, its sec-
ond and third joints subequal, fourth shorter; antennae slender,
joints 3 — 5 subequal, second slightly shorter; pronotum short
and wide, its front half strongly declivent, side margins cre-
nate, broadly concave, humeri ending in a pair of very promi-
nent, upward and outward projecting spines ; scutellum strong-
ly tapering, its tip narrowly rounded ; membrane reaching tip
of abdomen, its veins numerous, simple ; connexivum narrowly
exposed ; mesosternum with a prominent median carina, this
prolonged forward between the front coxae and backward be-
tween the hind ones, where it is notched at the end to receive
the tip of the prominent ventral spine ; abdomen with a
rounded median keel ; ventral segments with hind angles acute,
those of sixth prolonged as spines ; osteolar opening with
auricle prominent, more than half the length of the tube.

One neotropical species occurs along the southern border of
the United States.

119 (192). Arvelius albopunctatus (De Geer), 1773, 331.

Dull greenish-yellow, marked above with a few large, very widely
scattered metallic blue or green punctures; cheeks edged with black;
pronotum often with an irregular yellowish-white band between the bases
of the humeri ; elytra with a number of small calloused ivory-white spots ;
spines of pronotum and tip of scutellum yellow; under surface and legs
greenish-yellow; middle of abdomen pale yellow; marginal ventral in-
cisures with a black point. Disk of cheeks with very fine transverse
wrinkles. Pronotum alutaceous and with numerous minute scattered
punctures in addition to the large blue ones, the latter in great part
aggregated near the front angles. Scutellum and elytra more coarsely,

172 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

somewha.t rugosely punctate. Other structural characters as above
given. Length, 14 — 16 mm.; width, 9 — 10 mm.

One taken at Miami, Fla., March 11, while beating vines on
margin of the Brickell hammock ; another adult and nymph at
R. P. Park, April 8, by sweeping herbage along a ditch ( W. S.
H.). Key West, Fla., Sept. 17 (Davis). Recorded also from
Crescent City, Biscayne Bay and Miami, Fla., and known in the
United States outside of Florida only from Texas, Arizona and
California. Occurs in Mexico and South and Central America.
A large, handsome and easily recognized species.

XXIII. Neopharnus Van Duzee, 1910, 73.

Medium sized species having the cheeks broad, deeply sinuate
in front of eyes, their tips rounded, approaching and almost
contiguous at apex above and beyond the tip of the narrow
tylus ; beak reaching apex of third ventral ; front of pronotum
quite strongly declivent, its side margins eroded and armed
with four or five filamentous teeth, those at front angles reach-
ing to front of eyes ; humeri produced in an outwardly project-
ing rounded subnodular lobe ; scutellum uneven and swollen at
base, the apex with a thickened submargin and short median
carina; connexivum broadly exposed, the apical angles of the
segments produced ; abdomen with a broad, flat carina in a
wide shallow depression ; tibiae sulcate ; osteolar opening with
a straight abruptly ending canal reaching to middle of meta-
sternal plate. One species is known.

120 (193). Neopharnus fimbriatus Van Duzee, 1910, 73.

Broadly oval, punctate and hairy. Obscure fulvo-testaceous tinged
with ferruginous on the base of scutellum and humeral angles. Whole
surface punctured with fuscous, the punctures becoming black in places,
especially on middle of pronotum anteriorly, scutellum and costal area
of corium. Under surface with a line beneath the base of each antenna,
a dot before the eye, a few dots and lines on the thoracic pleura and
the incisures at the margins, black. Abdomen with sides strongly punc-
tured with black, the disk smooth; legs annulate with fuscous. Length,
12 mm.; width, 8 mm.

The above comprises the salient features of the original
generic and specific characterizations of Van Duzee. The
unique type is a female taken in "Florida" by Bueno and now
in the Van Duzee collection. Of it he says : "This insect has
much the aspect of a small Brochymena, but in its generic char-

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMINjE. 173

acters it agrees entirely with PJiamus except for the produced
contiguous cheeks, fimbriate margins of pronotum and pro-
duced nodular humeri."

XXIV. DENDROCORIS Bergroth, 1891, 228.

Small, broadly oval Pentatomids having the head porrect, its
apex rounded; cheeks broad, longer than tylus and usually
meeting in front of it, their margins sinuate in front of eyes;
beak very slender, reaching hind coxae, its second joint longer
than third, fourth shortest; antennae slender, the third joint
the longest ; pronotum short and wide, its front half moderately
declivent, the side margins more or less concave ; humeri
prominent, somewhat flattened and projecting, their tips
obtusely angled ; scutellum short, broad, the sides sinuate at
apical third, the tip rounded ; connexivum widely exposed ;
membrane equalling or slightly surpassing tip of abdomen, the
veins usually simple ; tibiae sulcate above ; spine at middle of
second ventral stout, reaching hind coxae; osteolar canal long,
attenuate, reaching beyond middle of metasternal plate.

Seven species are known, all from the United States, but
only two occur in our territory. The generic name in use up
to 1891 was Liotropis Uhler (1877, 399). This was shown by
Bergroth (loc. cit.) to be preoccupied. In both our eastern
species the genital plate of male has a deep, U-shaped emar-
gination, the middle of base of which bears an oblong lobe,
this also with an acute V-shaped median notch ; while the basal
plates of the female genitalia are concealed beneath the sixth
ventral.

m
KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF DENDROCORIS.

(i. Head longer than its width across the eyes; second joint of anten-
na? only about one-fourth the length of third ; side margins of
pronotum strongly concave; spiracles pale. 121. hujvieralis.

uu. Head wider across the eyes than long; second joint of antenna? three-
fourths as long as third ; side margins of pronotum broadly feebly
concave; spiracles black. 122. fruticicola.

121 (194). DENDROCORIS humeralis (Uhler), 1877, 400.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Above dull clay-yellow thickly marked
with small, deep reddish punctures, the impunctured areas often appear-
ing on pronotum and scutellum as small subcalloused pale spots; anten-
nae greenish-yellow, the outer joints reddish-fuscous; connexivum orange-
yellow with a black point at each incisure; under surface dull yellow

174 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^.

thickly sprinkled with reddish dots and punctures; hind angle of the
end of each ventral black; legs dull yellow, the tibiae in part and tarsi
reddish. Cheeks feebly concave, usually contiguous above and in front
of tylus, sometimes not meeting, the apex of head then appearing slightly
cleft, their disks evenly, finely, closely and deeply punctate. Antennae
moderately stout, the third joint nearly one-half longer than first and
second united ; fourth slightly shorter than fifth. Pronotum as described
above, its disk and that of scutellum rather evenly punctate, with numer-
ous smooth areas intervening. Elytra more finely and sparsely, less
deeply punctate. Abdomen very finely, sparsely and shallowly punctate;
thoracic pleura more coarsely and deeply so. Length, 6.5 — 7.5 mm.;
width, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Marion, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., April 21 — Aug. 3;
probably occurs sparingly throughout the State. Ranges
from New England west to Kansas and Colorado and south to
Georgia. Occurs mostly on the foliage of oak or hickory in dry
upland or sandy localities. Uhler (1877, 401) in his notes fol-
lowing the original description, says: "This beautiful little
species resembles the genus Eusckistus in that part of the group
represented by E. tristigma Say. . . . As it roams so widely,
and over a multitude of plants and trees, we believe it to be
carnivorous like its brethern of the genus Podisus." Kirkland
(1897, 57) states that this supposition of Uhler was correct
as in Massachusetts it has been repeatedly found destroying
tent caterpillars, and, on several occasions, the gypsy moth
larvae. Van Duzee (1904, 62) records the beating of it from
scrub oak on the mountain sides in Colorado, while Hart states
that in Illinois it is not uncommonly swept from black-jack oak.

Although Uhler, in his original description, states that the
pronotum of humeralis has "anteriorly each side of middle a
round black spot," but one of the Indiana specimens at hand
shows a trace of these spots and in that one they are very
faint. Another example has the hind portion of pronotum
almost covered with two large bilobed fuscous blotches. The
small round black spots are very evident in all specimens of the
next species.

122 (195). Dendrocoris fruticicola Bergroth, 1891, 228.

Form and size of humeralis. General color much as there, the punc-
tures of upper surface fuscous, fewer in number, more shallow and less
evenly placed; pronotum with a pair of round, submedian black dots at
basal third; side margins of scutellum each with a similar slightly
larger one at apical third; corium with apical half often tinged with

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN.-E. 175

reddish; connexivum orange-yellow with a round black spot on the inner
end of each incisure and a black point on the outer end; under surface
pale dull yellow, spiracles and the hind angle of each ventral black;
legs yellow, the tibia? and tarsi reddish. Head distinctly shorter and
broader than in humeralis, its apex more broadly rounded, the cheeks
overlapping in front of tylus ; second joint of antennae two-thirds or more
the length of third, the latter subequal to fourth, the fifth one-third
shorter. Pronotum with disk rather sparsely, unevenly punctate. Scutel-
lum similarly punctate, its apical third wider than in humeralis, the tip
much more broadly rounded. Elytra minutely alutaceous, finely, evenly,
not closely punctate. Sculpture of under surface as in humeralis. Length,
6.5 — 8.5 mm.; width, 4.5 — 6 mm.

Ormond, Sanford and Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 25 — April 24.
Van Duzee and Barber have recorded it from numerous other
stations and it doubtless occurs throughout the eastern and
southern portions of the State. About Dunedin it is common
in spring in both nymph and adult stages on oak sprouts,
huckleberry and other low shrubs. It is a trim-bodied and
prettily marked little bug, easily distinguished from humeralis
by the characters given in key. At Ft. Myers and Estero, Van
Duzee (1909, 158) found it "abundant with its young on the
scrub oaks which grew wherever the pine forests had been cut
away." Outside of Florida it has been recorded definitely only
from Wilmington, N. Car., where Engelhardt found it, Aug. 1,
on young oaks. The New Mexico record of Uhler (1904, 351)
belongs to a species since described by Barber as D. reticulatus.

XXV. Brepholoxa Van Duzee, 1904, 78.

Medium sized, elongate-oval species having the head porrect,
longer than wide ; cheeks exceeding tylus, approaching or con-
tiguous in front of it; antennae slender, the second joint one-
half longer than third, the latter subequal to fourth, the fifth
slightly shorter ; bucculae with a prominent tooth at their apical
third ; beak surpassing middle coxae, its second and third joints
subequal, fourth shorter ; pronotum with front half moderately
declivent, side margins almost straight, finely crenulate, humeri
acutely pointed ; scutellum with sides feebly sinuate near
middle, beyond that strongly tapering, the tip narrowly
rounded ; membrane hyaline, not surpassing abdomen ; con-
nexivum rather broadly exposed ; spine of second ventral reach-
ing hind coxae; osteolar opening with a short, obtusely pointed
auricle ; tibiae not sulcate. Genital plate of male convex at

176 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

f

middle, its sides concave; hind margin with a small, U-shaped
median notch. One species is known.

123 (201). BREPHOLOXA heidemanni Van Duzee, 1904, 78.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Above and beneatb a uniform pale dull
yellow; narrow edges of head and pronotum and apical joints of anten-
nae tinged with reddish. Head, pronotum and scutellum finely, rather
closely punctate, with numerous narrow, wavy, transverse rugae between
the rows of punctures. Elytra more sparsely punctate, the ruga? less
evident. Structural characters as above given. Length, 11 — 12 mm.;
width, 6 — 7 mm.

Cape Sable and Sanibel Island, Fla., Feb. 23— March 4 (W.
S.B.). Beaten in small numbers from foliage of the black-
mangrove and other shrubs along the margins of brackish-
water bayous. The types were from Biscayne, Fla., and it has
not been recorded elsewhere. Superficially it bears a close
resemblance to both Piesodorus guildinii and faded examples of
Banasa calva, but is easily separated by the characters given
in the generic key.

Tribe IV. EDESSINI.

This tribe, as characterized in the key, p. 94, contains only
the single genus :

I. Edessa Fabricius, 1803, 145.

v

Large, broadly oval, robust species having the head short,
porrect, broader across the eyes than long ; cheeks longer than
tylus, and meeting in front of it; beak short, not reaching
middle coxae, its tip normally received in front notch of meta-
sternal crest, its first joint longer than bucculse, second as long
as third and fourth united; antennae not reaching base of
pronotum, first joint passing apex of head, 2 and 3 subequal,
4 and 5 also subequal and longer ; pronotum with front portion
strongly declivent, side margins straight, entire, humeri
obtusely rounded ; scutellum relatively short and broad, its tip
broadly rounded ; membrane not surpassing abdomen, its veins
numerous, simple, oblique ; connexivum broadly exposed, the
abdomen therefore widest behind the middle ; metasternum
with the peculiar ridge described in key, this deeply notched at
each end and with a median lobe each side between the middle
and hind coxae (fig. 35, a) ; second ventral with a short, trian-
gular spine, whose apex is received in hind notch of metaster-

SUBFAMILY I. — PENTATOMIN^E.

177

nal ridge ; osteolar canal tapering into a long curved ridge.
Hind margin of genital plate of male with a broad median U-
shaped notch.

Stal (1872, 49) lists no fewer than 115 described species of
this genus, all from tropical Central and South America and
Mexico, and many of them doubtless synonyms, as only 68 of
them were known to him and separated by his keys. Of these
but one occurs in the United States and our territory.

124 (202). Edessa bifida (Say), 1831a, 7; I, 303, 322.

Broadly oval, subconvex above, convex beneath, obtusely rounded
behind. Above greenish-olive, the elytra and apical half of scutellum
tinged with reddish; head and front portion of pronotum with some

smooth yellowish areas; tip of
scutellum and narrow edges of
side margins of pronotum yellow;
membrane fuscous ; connexivum
green, often obscurely mottled
with yellow; antennae reddish-
yellow, the last two joints dusky;
under surface and legs yellow, the
abdomen sometimes with two
vague fuscous stripes each side.
Cheeks wide, feebly concave, each
with a few coarse punctures and
fine oblique grooves. Pronotum
coarsely, very sparsely and un-
evenly punctate, the front por-
tion with a few transverse sub-
calloused smooth lines. Scutellum
median ridge of meta- coarsely and very sparsely punc-
tate, more closely so on apical
third, the yellow tip smooth. Elytra minutely alutaceous, finely, evenly
and rather closely punctate. Under surface rather coarsely and very
sparsely punctate, the low median lengthwise ridge of abdomen smooth.
Length, 13—15 mm.; width, 7—8.5 mm. (Fig. 35).

Dunedin, Sanford, Moore Haven, Ft. Myers, R. P. Park and
Cape Sable, Fla., Dec. 12 — April 4; Orizaba, Mexico, July 28
(W. S. B.). Recorded by Van Duzee and Barber from a dozen
or more additional localities in Florida and doubtless occurs
sparingly throughout that State. Known elsewhere in the
United States only from Louisiana and Texas, Say's types being
from the former State. My specimens were mostly taken by
sweeping low shrubs along the margins of ditches and streams ;
the two from Dunedin on grasses of tidewater marshes. Uhler

Fig. :

sternum

X 3. a,
( Original ) .

178 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

(1894, 176) states that it is "distributed from northern Brazil
through Central America and Mexico into the southern Unite:!
States and the Antilles. It is variable to a marked degree in
the distribution, depth and coarseness of the punctures, the
length of body and the convexity of pronotum. When alive the
color is grass-green above with the corium more or less bright
wine-brown."

Subfamily II. ASOPIN^ Spinola, 1850, 29.

Pentatomids varying much in form, size and general appear-
ance, but all agreeing in having the head porrect or nearly so ;
cheeks rarely (Rhacognathus) much longer than tylus; beak
stout, passing middle coxae, its front joint thick, broad and
deeply grooved, much longer than bucculse, its base contiguous
to end of tylus (fig. 18, b) ; bucculag very short, converging or
meeting behind and beneath the basal joint of beak ; front tibia?
with a short spine near middle of inner side ; tarsi 3-jointed.

The subfamily is represented in the United States and Can-
ada by 11 genera and about 30 species. Of these ten of the
genera and 22 species are known from our territory. The
majority of these are predatory upon plant lice, caterpillars
and other soft-bodied injurious insects, and are therefore of
considerable economic value.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF ASOPIN^.

a. Front femora armed beneath at apical third or fourth with a short
spine or acute tubercle; ventrals 4 — 6 of males (except in Alcseor
rhynchus) with a large oblong silky pubescent spot each side of
middle.
b. Scutellum broad, U-shaped, its tip twice or more the width of
corium, frena about one-fourth its length. I. Stiretrus, p. 179.
bb. Scutellum much narrower, its tip at most scarcely wider than
corium, frena one-half or more its length.
c. Humeral angles of pronotum ending in a prominent upward and
outward projecting spine, males without pubescent spot near
middle of ventrals 4 — 6; larger, length 18 or more mm.

II. Alc^orrhynchus, p. 183.
cc. Humeral angles obtusely rounded ; males with pubescent spot on
ventrals; smaller, not over 14 mm.
d. Spine of second ventral reaching middle coxa?.

III. Oplomus, p. 184.
dd. Spine of second ventral scarcely reaching hind coxae.

IV. Perillus, p. 185.

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPINvE. 179

era. Front femora without spine or tubercle; males (except in Mineus)
without pubescent patch on ventrals 4 — 6.
e. Cheeks much longer than tylus and meeting in front of it; osteolar
canal very short. V. Rhacognathus, p. 189.

ee. Cheeks not or very slightly longer than tylus; osteolar canal long,
curved, tapering.
/. Beak reaching middle of second ventral, its second joint more than
twice as long as third ; humeri with an oblong subtruncate pro-
jection; color blue or green with red markings.

VI. EUTHYRHYNCHUS, p. 189.

//. Beak not passing hind coxae, its second joint less than one-half
longer than third; humeral projection, if present, acute or
spinose.
g. Second ventral with a distinct slender median spine projecting
forward to or between the hind coxae; color not blue.
h. Fourth joint of beak about twice as long as third; side margins
of pronotum entire; colors black and orange.

VII. Mineus, p. 191.
hh. Fourth joint of beak subequal to third; side margins of prono-
tum crenate or subserrate; color grayish or brownish yellow.
/. Larger, length, 14 or more mm. ; cheeks slightly longer than
tylus; female genital segment usually with three basal
plates. VIII. Apateticus, p. 192.

ii. Smaller, not over 12 mm.; cheeks equalling tylus; female
genital segment with but two basal plates.

IX. Podisus, p. 195.
gg. Second ventral unarmed; color dark metallic blue.

X. Zicrona, p. 202.

I. Stiretrus Laporte, 1832, 75.

Medium sized, oval, convex species having the head porrect,
about as broad as long, its apex subtruncate ; cheeks wide, flat,
equalling tylus, their tips rounded ; beak slightly surpassing
middle coxae, its first, second and fourth joints subequal, third
shorter; pronotum about twice as wide as long, its front por-
tion but slightly declivent ; side margins sinuate, entire, humeri
obtusely angulate, nodulate above ; scutellum as in key ; corium
much narrower than scutellum, its apex very oblique and
sinuate ; membrane passing abdomen, its veins numerous,
simple ; osteolar canal broad, curved, the groove distinct only
at base ; second ventral with a prominent median spine, reach-
ing almost to middle coxae; front tibiae strongly dilated, con-
cave above. Genital plate of male with hind margins semi-
circular, trisinuate and with a minute median notch.

Stal (1870, 22) lists 25 species, mostly from tropical

180

FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID.-E.

X) IS

P-af

America ; some of these, however, are mere color varieties.
Two species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OP STIRETRUS.

a. Color black and red or black and orange-yellow, sometimes a uniform

blue; length, 10.5 or more mm. 125. ANCHORAGO.

hi. Color brown-bronzed and dull yellow, without trace of black, red,

orange or blue; length, not more than 10 mm. 126. fimbriatus.

125 (207). Stiretrus anchorago (Fabricius) , 1781,341.

Broadly oval, convex above and beneath. Above blue-black, shining;
front and side margins of pronotum as far as the humeri, and sometimes
the posterior side mai-gins, broadly edged with orange; scutellum with a
broad basal spot, angulate at sides, usually a narrow median line and

the extreme apex, red or orange— yellow ;
antennae blue-black, the incisures paler;
connexivum with segments blue-black at
each end, the middle red or orange; un-
der surface blue-black; sides of abdomen
red or orange with a row of round spots,
and also a large triangular one on the
end of each incisure, blue-black; middle
of second and third ventrals and the
ventral spine orange or red ; front and
side margins of the prothoracic pleurites
and often a small spot or two on each
of the others, reddish or orange. Head
coarsely and confluently punctate, the
occiput smoother; antennae with joints
2, 4 and 5 subequal, 3 one-third shorter.
Pronotum with front portion in great
part smooth, the coarse punctures very unevenly placed; hind portion
more evenly and coarsely punctate, its side margins concave, their inner
angle acute. Scutellum with basal pale portion very sparsely and
coarsely punctate, the apical half more closely and quite evenly so.
Elytra finely, evenly, shallowly punctate. Abdomen rather finely, evenly
not closely punctate; thoracic pleura coarsely, sparsely and deeply so.
Other structural characters as above given. Length, 10 — 11.5 mm.;
width, 6—7 mm. (Fig. 36).

Ormond, Bassenger, Istokpoga, R. P. Park, Sarasota and
Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 21 — April 4. About Dunedin it occurs
sparingly in late fall and early spring on flowers of thistle and
Xolisma and the foliage of other plants along the margins of
hammocks and swales. Van Duzee records it from Crescent
City and Ft. Myers, and Barber from Lakeland and the Indian
River District. It is a very striking insect, variable in the ex-

SUBFAMILY II. — AS0PI1SLE. 181

tent of its orange or red markings, the median narrow line of
scutellum being often absent.

The typical form of anchorago as described above has been
often referred to by American authors as var. pulchellus West-
wood (1837, 42), but I can find no definite mention of its oc-
currence in the States north of Florida. However, two color
varieties besides the typical form occur in our territory and
may be separated as follows :

KEY TO VARIETIES OF ST1RETRUS ANCHORAGO (FABR.).

a. Color above black and red or black and orange, not uniform blue.
b. Pronotum black, with front and side margins broadly red or orange.

125. typical anchorago.

bb. Pronotum red, with front margin, a broad median stripe and two

spots each side, steel-blue or black. 125a. var. personatus.

aa. Color above a uniform dark blue. 125b. var. violaceus.

125a (207c). Stiretrus anchorago personatus (Germar), 1839, 16.

This variety is very close to typical anchorago, from which it dif-
fers mainly by the characters given in key and by having an irregular
transverse dark spot on the middle of the pale basal one of scutellum.

Mobile, Ala., Aug. 23 (Barber). Described from Mexico.
Uhler (1878, 369) records it from Pennsylvania.

125b (207d). Stiretrus anchorago violaceus (Say), 1828, iii; I, 94.

Uniform dark violet-blue above and beneath; a median spot on
second and third ventrals and the ventral spine yellow; antenna? fuscous
with a bluish tinge; beak and tarsi brown. Length, 11 mm.; width, 7 mm.

Ormond and Dunedin, Fla., April 4 — 17. Say's type was
from St. John's River, Fla., and Barber records it from seven
additional stations, between St. Augustine and Lake Okeecho-
bee, that State. Van Duzee (1909, 158) says that one of two
specimens taken by him at Sanford "was of a deep violet-black
color; the other was tinged with steel-blue and green." This
variety is mainly southern in distribution, though Uhler (1876,
281) says that it has been taken once near Philadelphia; also
in Georgia and Texas.

126 (207a). Stiretrus fimbriatus (Say), 1828, iii; I, 93.

Differs from anchorago mainly in size and in the color and
sculpture of the upper surface. Head reddish-brown ; pronotum dull
yellow with a wide median reddish-brown stripe extending from apex
to base, this with a projection each side in front of middle; also with
three brown spots each side on basal half. Scutellum yellow with a

I

182 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMIDjE.

large, irregular brown spot, furcate behind, reaching
from base to apical fourth; elytra yellow with a brown
spot of varying size on corium; membrane fuscous,
the tip paler; under surface bluish-green with yellow
markings and dark spots as in anchorago; legs and
antenna? reddish-brown, the middle and hind femora
and tibiae with yellow markings. All the reddish-
brown spots above at times tinged with greenish or
Fig. 37, x 21-... faintly bronzed. Pronotum with the coarse punc-
tures confined mainly to the basal half of the median
brown stripe and to the dark spots each side, the yellow areas almost
smooth. Length, 8 — 10 mm.; width, 5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 37).

Putnam, Lawrence, Knox, Crawford and Posey counties, Ind.,
April 26 — July 10. Taken from flowers of wild plum on the
former date ; beaten from sumac, and mating, June 5. A mem-
ber of the Austroriparian fauna, but ranging from New Eng-
land west to Iowa and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas ;
Barber (1914, 524) recording it from Jacksonville, Charlotte
Harbor, Lake Worth, Sanford and Little River, Fla. Say's
types were from Pennsylvania. Uhler (1878, 369) states that
"in Maryland it frequents the sumac, Rhus glabra L., and sucks
the blood of the larva of a species of Galeruca which feeds on
that plant." He probably referred to the Chrysomelid beetle,
Blepharida rhois Forst., which feeds almost exclusively on sumac.
Glover (1876, 68) calls it the "bordered soldier bug," and
states that "it preys upon the larva? of the Colorado potato
beetle, Doryphora io-lineata (Say). Seven or eight individuals
were found in the web nest of a social caterpillar and also were
seen destroying the larvae of Papilio asterias or Asterias butter-
fly."

This species is usually recorded as a variety of anchorago, but
I have not seen nor can I find mentioned any intermediate form.
The punctures of pronotum are fewer and more unevenly
placed and the basal third of pronotum more convex, with
basal margin next to humeral angles more abrupt and less pro-
longed. The dark markings on the upper surface, while vary-
ing from reddish-brown to greenish-bronzed in hue, are very
uniform in size and shape, the peculiar bifurcate one of scutel-
lum being especially notable.

The large and peculiar depressed pubescent spaces on each
side of ventrals 4 — 6 in the males of Stiretrus and some of the
allied genera are especially noteworthy. Their function has
not as yet been satisfactorily determined, though Stal in his

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPHSLE. 183

keys calls them "stridulatory spots." They are, of course,
analogous to the finely ridged spaces found in the males of a
number of Scutellerids, but those are not pubescent, and their
ridges might, and doubtless do, serve in making sound by draw-
ing the hind legs across them. In fact, Stiretrus appears to be
more closely allied to the family Scutelleridae than to the
Pentatomidae. It was placed next to that family by Stal in his
"Enumeratio" and Say described the two forms of Stiretrus
above treated as members of the genus Tetyra, placing them
with the Scutellerid now known as Eurygaster alternatus,

II. Alc^eorrhynchus Bergroth, 1891, 235.

Very large elongate-oval species having the head porrect,
longer than broad, its apex subtruncate ; cheeks as long as
tylus, their margins parallel ; beak very stout, reaching hind
coxae, second joint slightly longer than fourth, third shorter
than either ; antennae short, joints 2, 3 and 5 subequal, 4 long-
er; pronotum with front portion strongly declivent, its side
margins straight, roughly crenulate, humeri ending in a stout
very acute spine, this with a short, obtuse submedian lobe be-
hind ; scutellum long, strongly tapering behind, the tip nar-
rowly rounded, frena two-thirds its length ; apex of corium
oblique, feebly angled opposite tip of scutellum ; membrane sur-
passing abdomen, its veins simple ; connexivum rather widely
exposed, female, narrowly so, male ; osteolar opening with a
long curved attenuate canal ; projection of second ventral a
broad flattened tubercle, its tip rounded ; tooth of front femora
stout, obtuse ; tibiae sulcate above, the front ones deeply so.

Two neotropical species are recorded from Florida. They
were formerly classed under Muty'ca Stal, a name which was
preoccupied.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ALC.EORRHYNCHUS.

«. Spines of humeri directed straight outward; base of scutellum and
elytra sparsely punctured; length, 18 — 20 mm.

127. PHYMATOPHORA.

aa. Spines of humeri in front of their median lobe directed slightly
forward ; base of scutellum and elytra more closely, rugosely punc-
tured; length, 21— 24 mm. 128. GRANDIS.

127 (209). Alceorrhynchus phymatophora (Palisot de Beauvois),
1805, 112.

Elongate-oval, sides of elytra subparallel. Dull clay-yellow, rather
sparsely and irregularly beset with fuscous or reddish-brown punctures;

184 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

sutures and margins of cheeks, humeral spine and calli of pronotum dark
reddish-brown; membrane pale brownish-translucent; legs dull yellow,
scattered dots and a ring near apex of femora, and base and apex of
tibia?, dark reddish-brown; apical joint of tarsi blackish; sides of pleura
and ventrals with irregular reddish-brown areas. Connexivum of male
not exposed. Corium not alutaceous as in grandis. Ventrals much more
coarsely punctate. Length, 18 — 20 mm.

"Cuba" (Van D.). Described from San Domingo. Taken by
Mrs. Slosson at Lake Worth and Biscayne Bay, Fla.

128 (210). Alceorrhynchus grandis (Dallas), 1851, 91.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed above, convex beneath. Above dull clay
yellow, often tinged with reddish, thickly marked with rather coarse
fuscous or reddish punctures; narrow edge of head, a narrow, very
irregular smooth transverse space on each side of front half of prono-
tum and the humeral spines, fuscous-brown; antenna? dark brown, the
base and tip of fourth and fifth joints pale; connexivum dark brown,
each segment paler at middle; membrane brownish-hyaline; under sur-
face dull yellow, flecked with fuscous or reddish dots and punctures;
legs reddish-yellow; beak and last joint of tarsi brown. Head with a
few scattered coarse punctures. Front portion of pronotum with a small
tooth at each apical angle, its disk unevenly sparsely punctate and with
numerous small very irregular smooth areas; hind portion and scutellum
much more evenly and rather closely and coarsely punctate. Corium
minutely alutaceous, its punctures fine, shallow, unevenly placed. Abdo-
men finely and very sparsely punctate; thoracic pleura very coarsely
and rather closely so. Length, 21 — 24 mm.; width, 12 — 14 mm.

Ormond, Sanford and Lake Okeechobee, Fla., Jan. 6 — April 4.
Beaten from shrubs along the banks of streams or marshes.
Barber lists it from Lakeland, Archer and Ft. Myers, Fla., and
it probably occurs in small numbers throughout the eastern
and southern portions of that State. Recorded also from
Brownsville, Tex. The types of Dallas were from Colombia.
South America, and Mexico.

III. Oplomus Spinola, 1840, 355.

Medium sized, convex, oval species, differing from Perilhis, as
characterized below, only in having the scutellum slightly but
evidently widened behind the middle and the spine of second
ventral projected forward to the middle coxae.

Fifteen species are listed by Stal from Mexico and South
America, one of which is recorded by Van Duzee (1917, 72)
from Florida.

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPINA:. 185

129 (212). Oplomus tripustulatus (Fabricius), 1803, 172.

Narrowly oval, subconvex. Black, shining; cheeks each with a small
median red spot, sometimes wholly reddish-yellow; pronotum with two
spots near front margin, three in a transverse row near middle, and
often the tips of humeral angles, red or orange-red ; scutellum with a spot
on each basal angle and another covering the apex, red or yellow; costal
margin with a small reddish spot near tip; membrane black, the apical
fourth brownish-hyaline; under surface piceous-black, sides of coxa3,
spine of second ventral and spot on outer margins of ventrals 2 and 5
reddish. Antennae black, joint 1 scarcely reaching tip of tylus, 2 more
slender, three and a half times as long as 1, 3 and 4 subequal, each
slightly shorter than 2, 5 tapering, slightly longer than 4. Head de-
pressed, sparsely irregularly punctate, cheeks concave. Pronotum
broadest across humeral angles, narrowed behind them, sides sinuate;
disk, as well as that of scutellum, sparsely and unevenly punctate.
Front tibiae of male with apical half flattened, its outer margin much
expanded. Length, 11.5 — 13 mm.

Florida (VanD.). Bogota, Columbia (British Mas. Coll.). A
neotropical species of wide distribution and exceedingly vari-
able color. The typical form above described is known in this
country only from Florida.

VI. Perillus Stal, 1862, 88.

Small or medium sized oval species having the head more or
less declivent, longer than broad, its apex broadly rounded or
subtruncate ; cheeks broad, equalling tylus, slightly concave,
their margins parallel ; beak reaching or slightly surpassing
middle coxae, its second joint almost as long as the next two
united, the third shortest ; pronotum with front portion moder-
ately to strongly declivent, its side margins straight, entire,
humeral angles obtusely rounded; scutellum relatively broad,
not widened behind the middle, its tip broadly rounded ; apex
of corium oblique, feebly sinuate ; membrane passing the tip of
abdomen ; connexivum narrowly or not at all exposed ; ventral
spine short, obtuse, scarcely reaching hind coxae ; osteolar canal
long, curved, its margins broad, flattened ; tibiae sulcate above.

Six species are known, all from Mexico and the United States,
three of which occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PERILLUS.

a. Front femora armed with a distinct spine which is longer than wide;
transverse dark bar of front half of pronotum interrupted, form-
ing two spots; larger, length, 8.5 — 11.5 mm.

186 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

b. Antenna? black, the incisures only pale; abdomen with a submar-

ginal row of black spots.
c. Black with red markings; elytra black, the basal half of costal
border red. 130. bioculatus.

cc. Rufous or chestnut-brown, the markings ivory-white, or pale yel-
low; corium pale, only the inner margin narrowly black.

130a. var. clanda.
bb. Antennae fuscous, first two joints and basal half of third reddish-
yellow; abdomen without rows of dark spots.

131. CIRCUMCINCTUS.

ixt. Front femora armed with only a small tubercle which is not longer
than wide; transverse dark bar of pronotum entire; smaller,
length, 5 — 7.5 mm. 132. exaptus.

130 (216). Perillus bioculatus (Fabricius), 1775, 715.

Oblong-oval, subconvex above, more strongly so beneath. Above
black, shining; front half of pronotum, except a large spot each side
of middle, a submarginal stripe on all sides of disk of scutellum, edge
of basal half of embolium and margin of connexivum bright orange-red ;
abdomen red, in female with two submedian rows of small spots, a round
spot on each spiracle, a stripe along the middle of each side, and the
genital plate, black; in male with a large central black spot embracing
the pubescent areas; thoracic pleura black; lower margin of pronotum
red ; legs black, the middle and hind tibiae with a pale ring. Head
coarsely, closely, confluently punctate. Pronotum with front half strong-
ly declivent, disk coarsely, very sparsely and unevenly punctate. Scutel-
lum sparsely and rather finely punctate, the black margins near base
very coarsely so. Elytra and connexivum finely, shallowly, and rather
evenly punctate. Abdomen almost smooth, the sides finely rugose; tho-
racic pleura very coarsely and rather sparsely punctate. Length, 8.5 —
11.5 mm.; width, 5.5 — 7 mm.

Lake and Posey counties, Ind., Sept. 12 — 23. This, the
typical bioculatus, includes the varieties "b" and "<" of Say's
Pentatoma clanda. As a species it ranges from Ontario and
New York west to the Pacific and southwest to Florida, New
Mexico and Arizona. Barber (1914, 524) lists it from Florida
without definite locality. The majority of the records have
been made under the name P. clanda (or clanda) Say, and it is
therefore difficult to give the approximate range of each of the
two forms. Hart (1919, 198) records typical bioculatus from
Algonquin, 111.; Gerhard (Ms.) from Chicago, 111., and Pent-
water, Mich., April 19— Sept. 6, and Stoner (1920, 119) from
Clinton, la. It has been seen to prey upon the larvae of the
Colorado potato beetle, but as Stoner well says "it is apparently

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPIN^E. 187

not anywhere of sufficient abundance to be of great value in
checking the increase of noxious insects."

130a (216a). Perillus bioculatus clanda (Say), 1825, 312; II, 240.

Differs from typical bioculatus only in color, the black of that form
being replaced by brown or piceous, and the red or orange by ivory-
white or yellow. Elytra ivory-white with the narrow inner margin and
a median triangular spot black.

Marion Co., Ind., July 21 ; one swept from herbage on margin
of pond. This is the form which has been most frequently
recorded from the eastern states, though but few of the later
records differentiate the two. Davis has taken it on Staten
Island in June.

131 (217). Perillus circumcinctus Stal, 1862, 89.

Elongate-oval, convex. Above pale chocolate-brown; pronotum with
front and side margins, a narrow median line and sometimes a narrow
cross bar between the humeri, ivory-white or pale yellow, the front
portion with an oblong black or fuscous spot each side of middle; scutel-
lum entirely surrounded by a broad ivory-white marginal stripe, this
narrow at base and along basal half bordered each side with very coarse
brown punctures ; connexivum black, its narrow edge and the entire
costal border of elytra, ivory-white; abdomen chocolate-brown, the sides,
a spot at middle of second and third ventrals and the ventral spine yel-
low; thoracic pleura paler brown with yellow markings; legs pale red-
dish-brown, the tibiae with a submedian yellow ring. Head much more
sparsely punctate than in bioculatus, otherwise as there. Pronotum
slightly longer and more narrow, with front portion less declivent, the
punctures much coarser, sparsely and unevenly placed, the tooth of
front angles very short and blunt; hind portion more evenly, but coarsely
and very sparsely punctate. Scutellum with basal half coarsely unevenly
punctate, the apical portion more finely and evenly so. Elytra finely,
shallowly and quite evenly punctate. Abdomen with sides finely, sparsely
but distinctly punctate, its middle smooth; thoracic pleura with very
coarse sparse punctures. Hind margin of genital plate of male semi-
circular, subtruncate, with a small median notch. Length, 9 — 11 mm.;
width, 5 — 6 mm.

Rock City, N. Y., June 6 (Denis). Chicago and Forest City,
111., April 28 — June 6 (Hart) . Not yet taken in Indiana, though
doubtless occurs in the northern portion of the State. Ranges
from Ontario and New England to Manitoba, Nebraska and
Dakota. Not recorded south of New Jersey, central Illinois and
Missouri, though Uhler (1872, 395) says it occurs in "Panama
and the Island of Trinidad." About Buffalo, N. Y., Van Duzee
(1894, 170) found it on coarse weeds, bushes and trees in July

188 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

and August, and hibernating in dead leaves and grass in Jan-
uary. In Illinois, Hart (1919, 198) says: "It seems to occur
only in sandy areas. In the Illinois Valley sand region we have
found it common on the low sumac of the sands associated with
the larvae of Blepharida rhois L. (the sumac beetle), on which
it was probably feeding."

This species is very closely allied to /'. bioculatus, the arrange-
ment of the dark and pale colors above being very similar.
Zimmer (1911, 17) says that in a large series from all parts
of the country there are numerous intermediates between two
extremes, and that "I am inclined to believe that the two so-
considered species are but two extremes of an exceedingly
variable form." In the specimens at hand the difference in the
sculpture of the head, pronotum and abdomen and in the color
of the under surface,- as well as the less declivent and longer
pronotum of circumcinctus lead me to keep them as distinct.
Large series of both forms might, however, cause a change of
opinion.

132 (218). Perillus exaptus (Say), 1825, 313; II, 240.

Elongate-oval, convex. Color extremely variable, the specimens at
hand having the head red, black at base; antennae fuscous-black, with
incisures pale; pronotum pale red with a median black bar on front
portion; scutellum black with a broad yellow margin except at base;
elytra black, embolium ivory-white; connexivum black, margined with
red; prothoracic pleurites and abdomen red, the sixth ventral with a
median basal black spot; meso- and metapleura black; femora red, tibiae
and tarsi fuscous. Head strongly declivent; cheeks coarsely confluently
punctate, their margins inflexed. Pronotum rather coarsely and evenly
punctate, the black transverse bar almost smooth. Scutellum finely,
evenly and sparsely punctate, the margins of basal third coarsely so.
Elytra finely evenly and shallowly punctured. Abdomen very finely and
sparsely punctate; thoracic pleura more coarsely so. Length, 5 — 7.5 mm.;
width, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Pine, Lake Co., Ind., Oct. 29; Edgebrook and Palos Park,
111., July 4 — 15 (Gerhard). Ranges from Quebec and New Eng-
land to the Pacific coast, south to New Jersey in the east and
New Mexico in the west. Say's types were from Missouri. The
upper surface is said to be sometimes almost wholly black,
while the pronotum may be ivory-white or the basal half in
great part black. The smaller size and the tubercle-like form
of the femoral tooth easily separate it from the preceding
species. It appears to be scarce at all its definitely recorded
stations.

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPIN^E. 189

V. Rhacognathus Fieber, 1861, 347.

Broadly oval species of medium size having the head moder-
ately declivent, longer than broad, its apex rounded ; cheeks
very broad, conjointly concave, longer than tylus and con-
tiguous in front of it ; beak reaching middle coxse, second joint
slightly shorter than third and fourth united, these subequal ;
antenna? slender, reaching base of pronotum, joints 2 and 3
subequal, 4 one-third longer, 5 the longest ; pronotum with
front portion declivent, side margins straight, their front
halves finely crenulate, humeri obtusely angled, not promi-
nent ; scutellum relatively short, its apical half as wide as
elytra, tip broadly rounded ; apex of corium oblique, feebly
curved ; connexivum broadly exposed ; membrane very slightly
surpassing abdomen ; osteolar canal scarcely evident ; second
ventral and front femora unarmed ; tibiae flat above. Two
species are known, one inhabiting the whole of Europe, the
other some of the northern states and eastern Canada.

133 (219). Rhacognathus americanus Stal, 1870, 33.

Broadly oval, subdepressed above, convex beneath. Fuscous or dull
clay yellow; above and beneath densely marked with coarse, irregularly
placed black punctures; antenna? and head black; pronotum with edge
of side margins and numerous smooth, irregular wavy transverse lines on
both it and scutellum, dull yellow; membrane fuscous-black; connexivum
with a yellow spot or cross bar at middle of each segment; under sur-
face black with numerous scattered smooth irregular yellow mai'kings;
legs in great part black, the base of femora and a broad ring at middle
of tibia?, yellow. Structural characters as above given. Length, 9 — 11
mm. ; width, 5.5 — 6.5 mm.

Hessville, Lake Co., Ind., June 7 {Gerhard). Loudonville,
Ohio, June 14 (0 shorn). Described from Illinois and, up to
the present, definitely recorded only from that State, Ohio,
Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gerhard
(Ms.) reports the taking, June 10, of a single female at Maca-
tawa Beach, Mich. Uhler once recorded it from Nebraska, but
the station and specimen are both unknown. Probably not
more than a dozen examples are known, and, except one from
Wellesley, Mass., all from the Great Lakes region of our ter-
ritory.

VI. Euthyrhynchus Dallas, 1851, 104.

Rather large, elongate-oval species having the head porrect,
nearly twice as long as wide, its apex subtruncate ; cheeks

190 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMIDjE.

equalling tylus, their margins feebly sinuate in front of eyes ;
beak as in generic key ; antennae slender, nearly half the length
of body, joints 2 — 5 subequal; pronotum long, strongly tapering
from the humeri forward, the front portion but little declivent,
its side margins straight, very finely crenulate, humeri promi-
nent, ending in an oblong spine, its tip subtruncate, slightly
bifid ; apical half of scutellum narrower than corium, its tip
broadly rounded; apex of corium straight, oblique; membrane
slightly surpassing abdomen, its veins few, simple ; connexivum
broadly exposed ; second ventral and front femora unarmed ;
tibiae deeply sulcate above, the front ones dilated toward apex.
Genital plate of male narrow, convex, its hind margin broadly,
shallowly emarginate, with a semicircular concavity in front of
the angle of the notch.

Two species are known, one from Brazil, South America, the
other also neotropical but extending northward into our terri-
tory.

134 (220). Euthyrhynchus floridanus (Linnaeus), 1767, 719.

Elongate-oval, subconvex. Above purplish- or bluish-black, feebly
shining; pronotum usually concolorous, sometimes with front and side
margins, a broad stripe at base of humeri and a median one, red; scu-
tellum with a large spot each side of base and the apex red; connexivum
with alternate black and red spots; under surface blue-black, with a
broad median reddish or yellow stripe, extending from front coxas to
first or second ventrals; legs blue or blue-black, beak and base of
femora reddish-yellow. Cheeks finely, closely, confluently punctate;
tylus and two lines on occiput almost smooth. Pronotum finely, rather
sparsely, quite evenly punctate, its front portion with several vague
broad impressions. Elytra and scutellum evenly punctate, the former
much more finely and sparsely so. Abdomen very finely granulate and
with minute widely scattered punctures. Thoracic pleura coarsely,
deeply, sparsely punctate. Structural characters as in generic descrip-
tion. Length, 12 — 17 mm.; width, 6.5 — 8 mm.

Sanford, Istokpoga and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 21 — April 12
(W. S. B.). Agricultural College, Miss. (Weed). Recorded from
a number of other stations in Florida and probably occurs spar-
ingly throughout the State. About Dunedin it is found in late
autumn on the flowers of the shrubby Compositae, Garberia
fruticosa (Nutt.), and in spring on the foliage of shrubs along
the borders of hammocks. North of Florida it has been re-
corded in this country from Pennsylvania, Georgia, North
Carolina, Tennessee and Louisiana. Van Duzee (1904, 73)

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPIN^E. 191

says that "in Costa Rica and other tropical countries it takes
on its most brilliant coloring of metallic green or blue and
orange." The Pentatoma emarginata Say (I, 313) is a synonym.

VII. Mineus Stal, 1867, 498.

Rather small, elongate-oval species having the head mod-
erately declivent, its apex subtruncate ; cheeks equalling tylus,
conjointly concave above ; beak reaching middle coxae, its sec-
ond and fourth joints subequal, third shorter; pronotum with
front portion gradually declivent, its sides straight, entire,
humeri not prominent, narrowly rounded ; scutellum relatively
small, its apical third as wide as corium, the tip broadly
rounded, frena reaching its middle ; membrane slightly passing
abdomen, its veins few, simple ; osteolar canal long, curved,
very narrow ; ventral spine short, slender, reaching hind coxae ;
front femora unarmed ; tibiae rounded above, front ones not
dilated. Males with a pair of large pubescent spaces on ven-
trals 4 — 6, their genital plate convex, its hind margin semi-
circular, entire. But one species is known.

135 (221). Mineus strigipes (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1853, 338.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed above, more convex beneath. Above
blue-black, shining; narrow edges of head and basal half of costal border
of elytra yellow; humeri, all the margins and a narrow median line of
pronotum, orange-red; scutellum black with a broad orange-red V-
shaped submargin ; edge of the narrowly exposed connexivum also orange-
red ; membrane dai'k fuscous ; abdomen orange-red or yellow with four
rows of large black spots, the two median spots united on sixth ventral;
genital plate black; thoracic pleura orange-red, their margins black;
legs black, the femora and tibiae with yellow stripes. Antennae blue-black
at base, fuscous toward apex, joints 2 and 5 subequal, 3 and 4 shorter and
subequal. Cheeks coarsely and densely punctate. Pronotum less coarsely,
evenly punctate. Basal half of scutellum with transverse rugae between
the irregular rows of coarse punctures, apical half more finely, evenly,
sparsely punctate. Elytra very finely, shallowly and evenly punctate.
Abdomen, finely, evenly, not closely punctate, the pubescent spaces of
male very large; thoracic pleura coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length,
9 — 10 mm.; width, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Fulton Co., Ind., July 4. Dunedin, Fla., March 21 {W. S. B.) .
Washington, D. C, June (Davis). Raleigh, N. Car., April —
May (Brimley). The single Indiana specimen was taken from
tall wire-grass growing in the boggy margin of a small lake,
while the only Dunedin one was swept from herbage on the

192 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

side of a wet hammock. Its known range extends from Massa-
chusetts west to Illinois and south to Florida. Barber mentions
a Brooklyn Museum specimen from Florida, and it is in the
Bolter collection from that State. Stal (1870) records it from
Texas, and Uhler (1876) from New Mexico, but these record?
are questioned by Van Duzee (1917, 76).

But little mention has been made of the habits of this hand-
some little bug. Banks has taken it on Jersey-tea (Ceanothus)
and Bueno (1910, 23) mentions the taking of a specimen,
April 18, at White Plains, N. Y., which was "perched on a
rock," so that in that region, it probably hibernates as an
imago.

VIII. Apateticus Dallas, 1851, 105.

Large elongate or broadly oval, strongly tapering Pentato-
mids, having the head porrect, its apex broadly rounded, slight-
ly bifid; cheeks broad, flat, sinuate near base, a little longer
than tylus ; beak very stout, passing middle coxae, the third and
fourth joints subequal, second a little longer; antennae slender,
nearly half the length of body, joints 4 and 5 subequal, 2 dis-
tinctly longer, 3 shortest ; pronotum twice as broad across the
humeri as long, front portion moderately declivent, side mar-
gins straight, coarsely crenate, humeri usually prominent and
acute or subspinose; scutellum strongly tapering, its apical
half narrower than corium, the tip rounded, frena reaching its
apical fourth; apex of corium straight, the inner angle
rounded ; membrane surpassing abdomen, its veins simple ; os-
teolar canal long, broad, curved ; front femora unarmed ; ven-
tral spine slender, reaching front margin of hind coxae; tibiae
sulcate above, front ones not dilated. Male with third and
fourth ventrals furnished each side of middle with a sparsely
pubescent stridulatory area ; genital plate with hind margin
broadly concave.

The generic name, Apateticus, has, by most American
authors, been used as a subgenus of Podisus H. S., though it
antedates the latter two years. The distinctions between the
two genera are few, the principal ones being those given in the
key. Five species of Apateticus are recognized from the United
States, three of which occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF APATETICUS.

a. Humeral angles of pronotum obtusely rounded; female genital seg-
ment with but two basal plates. (Subgenus Apateticus).

136. LINEOLATUS.

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPINjE. 193

aa. Humeral angles acute or subspinose; female genitalia with three
basal plates. (Subgenus Apcecilus) .
b. Connexivum narrowly or not at all exposed; basal median segment
of female genital plate quadrangular; larger, 17 — 20 mm.

137. CYNICUS.

bb. Connexivum rather widely exposed; median basal segment of fe-
male genital plate triangular; smaller, length, 13 — 17 mm.

138. BRACTEATUS.

136 (222). Apateticus lineolatus (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1839, 69.

Elongate-oval, depressed above. Head, scutellum and front half of
pronotum brownish-yellow, thickly marked with fuscous punctures;
cheeks in great part fuscous; corium and basal half of pronotum grayish
with scattered fuscous punctures; front half of pronotum with an irregu-
lar impunctate fuscous spot each side, this enclosing a small pale one;
scutellum with five small pale spots across base; connexivals blackish
with a central quadrate reddish-yellow spot; membrane brownish-hya-
line with some vague darker stripes; antenna? brown, the incisures and
base of fifth segment paler; under surface dull yellow, punctate with red-
dish or fuscous; femora yellow, annulate and dotted with blackish; tibiae
brown with a broad pale ring at middle; last ventral with a large piceous
spot at middle. Antenme with joints 2 and 4 subequal, longer than 3 or
5, which are also subequal. Cheeks densely, irregularly, rather coarsely
punctate. Other characters as under generic heading. Length, 13 —
17 mm.

Brownsville, Tex., and Huachuca, Ariz., (Barber). A neo-
tropical species listed by Van Duzee from Florida and Texas
without definite locality. In general appearance it closely re-
sembles Brochymena guadripustulata (Fabr.).

137 (224). Apateticus cynicus (Say), 1831, 3; I, 312.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed above, convex beneath. Above dull
clay-yellow thickly marked with small reddish or fuscous punctures; pro-
notum with two or three greenish dots behind the front angles ; mem-
brane brownish-hyaline; connexivum with a greenish-black bar across the
ends of each segment, the middle orange-red ; abdomen yellow, thickly
marked with fine reddish punctures, the angles of the ends of the ven-
trals faintly marked with fuscous; legs yellow sprinkled with reddish
dots. Cheeks finely, rather sparsely and unevenly punctate. Front half
of pronotum with a triangular smooth area each side of middle, this en-
closing a median group of punctures and one of the green dots. Scu-
tellum and basal half of pronotum with numerous wavy transverse
smooth lines between the irregular rows of punctures ; humeral spines
flattened, triangular, acute. Elytra minutely alutaceous, finely, rather
sparsely and unevenly punctate. Male with upper lateral processes of
genital segment rather short, broader and more flattened than in brae-

194 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

teatus. Other characters as given in key and under generic heading.
Length, 15 — 20 mm.; width, 8.5 — 11 mm.

Scarce throughout Indiana, June 20 — Sept. 5. Swept from
foliage of shrubs and trees along the margins of open woods
and cultivated fields, and taken in the washup of Lake Michi-
gan. On June 28, after heavy rains, I once found eight beneath
the loose bark of a dead oak on a wooded hillside in Crawford
County. It ranges from Quebec and New England west to Da-
kota and Colorado and south to Florida, Texas and Arizona.
The only Florida record which I can find is that of Barber from
Jacksonville, and it probably occurs only in the northern part
of that state.

Of the life habits of this and allied species in New England
Kirkland (1898, 114) has written as follows:

"The adults emerge from their hibernating quarters in the spring at
about the time the foliage appears. After feeding for a week or more
upon the most abundant caterpillars (of the gypsy and other moths) the
eggs are laid on leaves or branches of trees. The young bugs hatch in
the course of a week or two, molt four times, reach the imago stage by
midsummer and lay eggs for a second brood which matures early in the
fall. In passing from the last nymph stage to that of the imago the
number of joints of tarsi and antennas is increased by one. Both sexes
of the second brood hibernate under leaves on the ground, under the bark
of trees and in other sheltered places. Nymphs of cynicus in the last
stage have been taken frequently in June, July and August. From their
late appearance it is probable that that species has but one annual brood
in this region. Both nymphs and imagoes are rapacious feeders, their
stout beak being a very formidable weapon. The insect attacked is im-
paled by a sudden thrust of the setae which hold it firmly and in a few
minutes the body fluids are sucked out. In killing large insects the setae
are sometimes wrested from the rostrum, but are readily replaced by
the bug. The setae can be moved by muscles at their base and are armed
with formidable reflexed spines."

The predatory habits of cynicus and its nymphs are men-
tioned by numerous other authors, Van Duzee (1894, 170) stat-
ing that he once "found an adult with its beak deeply inserted
in a full grown larva of the Cecropian moth, which it seemed
to imagine it could hold by bracing itself and pulling back
with all its strength. The caterpillar did not appear at all dis-
turbed and possibly the bug might have eaten its fill without
inflicting serious injury on its victim."

Stoner (1920, 122) reports cynicus as scarce in Iowa, the
nymphs appearing in July. "On one occasion two half grown

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPIN.E. 195

ones were placed in a small box with two nymphs of BrochymenO,
quadripustulata (Fabr.) of about the same size. Four days later
the box was opened and the Apateticus nymphs were found alive
and well while nothing was left of the Brochymena ones but
empty skins."

138 (225). Apateticus bracteatus (Fitch), 1856, 336.

Broadly oval, less tapering behind than cynicus. Dull yellow thickly
marked with reddish or greenish punctures ; cheeks edged with a narrow
green line; antennae reddish-yellow, the last three joints dusky; front
half of pronotum with six small green dots, four in a transverse row,
the other two behind the end ones of the row; connexivals orange with
a dark green oblong spot each side of each incisure; under surface pale
yellow, the minute punctures along the sides brick-red, the angles of ends
of ventrals black; legs darker yellow. Cheeks but slightly surpassing
tylus, less so than in cynicus, their margins more deeply sinuate in front
of eyes. Pronotum very finely punctate with numerous very narrow
wavy transverse lines between the punctures; humeral angles slightly
shorter and less acute than in cynicus. Male with upper lateral proc-
esses of genital segment long, twisted, narrow and acute. Median basal
plate of female genitalia triangular, its tip obtuse. Length, 13 — 17 mm.;
width, 8 — 10 mm.

Northern Illinois (Hart) . A species of northern distribution,
ranging from Quebec and New England west to Nebraska,
Idaho and Vancouver. Hart (1919, 199) has confused brac-
teatus and crocatus (Uhl.), the latter species not occurring east
of the Mississippi.

IX. Podisus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1853, 296.

The members of this genus differ from those of Apateticus, as
above characterized, mainly in their smaller size, in the short-
er cheeks, which do not pass the tylus, in the absence of stridu-
latory areas of the male and in the structure of the genital
plate of female, there being in Podisus but two contiguous basal
plates, whereas in most species of Apateticus these are widely
separated by a third quadrangular or triangular one. In all
other essential characters they agree with Apateticus, and have
been by most American authors treated with the species of
that genus under the name Podisus. Seven species occur in the
eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PODISUS.

a. Humeri without acute forward projecting spines; side margins of
pronotum not conspicuously calloused-white.

196 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

b. Humeri produced in slender outward projecting spines.

c. Spines of humeri not emarginate near the tip; hind femora with

two blackish dots at apical third; length, 11 — 13 mm.

139. MACULIVENTRIS.

cc. Spines of humeri emarginate or slightly bifid behind near tip;
femora without spots; length, 10 — 11 mm. 140. sagitta.

bb. Humeri acute or obtusely angled, without slender projecting spines;
hind femora with either a dark ring or immaculate.

d. Larger, 11 or more mm.; femora thickly flecked with purplish

dots; abdomen with a median row of more or less distinct larger
spots.
e. Antennae pale reddish-brown throughout; median ventral spots
reddish-brown, ill-defined; larger, 12.5 or more mm.

141. FRETUS.

ee. Third and fourth joints of antenna? in great part blackish;

median ventral spots black, well defined; smaller, not over 11.5

mm. 142. serieventris.

dd. Smaller, less than 10 mm.; femora without purplish dots.

/. Membrane with a dark blotch at apex; side margins of prono-

tum more or less concave; humeri acute. 143. modestus.

ff. Membrane without a dark blotch; side margins of pronotum

straight; humeri obtusely angled. 144. placidus.

aa. Humeri ending in acute forward projecting spines; side margins of

pronotum distinctly white-calloused ; two spots on pronotum and

apex of scutellum also calloused-white. 145. mucronatus.

139 (227). Podisus maculiventris (Say), 1831a, 11; Psyche, 1899, 307.

Elongate-oval, strongly tapering behind, subdepressed above, con-
vex beneath. Above dull yellow, thickly marked with small fuscous
punctures; narrow edge of side margins of pronotum and tip of scutellum
yellow; antenna? reddish-brown, the third and fourth joints often in part
fuscous; membrane hyaline, usually with a
short, fuscous subapical blotch; apical half of
elytra often tinged with purplish-red ; segments
of connexivum with ends and inner margin blue-
black, the middle with an oblong orange-red
spot; under surface pale yellow with numerous
small reddish punctures ; abdomen with one or
two rows of small spots each side and the
angles of the ends of ventral segments, black;
sixth ventral always with a rather large median
triangular black spot, and ventrals 3 — 5 often
with smaller median ones; thoracic pleura each
with one or two small submedian dark spots ;
legs reddish-yellow, all the femora with a pair
Fig. 38, x ?.. of black dots at apical third. Head flat, almost

(Atter Lugger). ag broacj across the eyes as long, apex subtrun-

cate; cheeks thickly, unevenly, finely punctate; beak reaching middle of
hind coxa?; second joint of antenna? one-half or more longer than third,

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPINiE. 197

fourth and fifth shorter, subequal. Pronotum with front portion gradu-
ally declivent, its side margins broadly but evidently concave, their front
portion distinctly crenate; humeri usually acutely spinose, rarely only
acute-angled; disk of both pronotum and scutellum with numerous nar-
row wavy smooth lines between the irregular rows of punctures. Elytra
minutely alutaceous, finely sparsely irregularly punctate. Abdomen
with sides finely, sparsely rugosely punctate, the middle almost smooth;
ventral spine reaching middle of hind coxae, its apex rounded. Length,
11—13.5 mm.; width, 6—8 mm. (Fig. 38).

Common throughout Indiana, January — November ; most
frequent, June to August, on tall weeds in alluvial soil along
streams and in dense woodland. Hibernates as imago beneath
mullein and piles of dead leaves. A specimen was taken June
27 feeding on a larva of the milkweed butterfly and another,
Nov. 4, feeding also on a lepidopterous larva. Dunedin.
Sarasota and Istokpoga, Fla., Dec. 15 — March 29. Frequent
about Dunedin in February and March on foliage of shrubs
along the margins of hammocks. These Florida specimens have
the membrane of elytra immaculate or rarely with a faint trace
of the fuscous blotch found in the northern ones. The presence
or absence of this blotch has been used as one of the principal
differential characters in the keys of Van Duzee, Kirkland, and
others, but it is evidently an unreliable one.

This well known bug, up to 1899, was known in literature as
Podisus spinosus Dallas (1851, 98) , but Mr. S. H. Scudder in that
year found in the library of the Boston Society of Natural
History a copy of an unknown paper of Thomas Say,:;s not con-
tained in the "Complete Writings" of that author, in which this
species was described from Louisiana as Pentatoma maculiventris,
this specific name, therefore, antedating that of Dallas by
twenty years.

The known range of P. maculiventris is a wide one, extending
from Quebec and New England to the Pacific and south and
southwest to Florida and Arizona. It appears to be scarce in
Florida, as, aside from the stations above named, it has been
taken only at St. Petersburg and Sanford (Van Ditzcc, 1909,
158). Morrill (1906, 160) records the keeping of a pair of
these bugs in captivity for 55 days, during which time they
destroyed and ate 246 larvae of the elm leaf beetle and seven
large caterpillars. The female began laying eggs nine days

'""Descriptions of New Species of Xorth American Insects, found in Louisiana by
Joseph Barbarino." New Harmony, Ind.. March, 1831. See Psyche. VIII. 1899, 306.

198 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^.

after reaching the adult stage, and during 40 days laid 18
batches, comprising altogether 492 eggs. The average period
of incubation was seven days and one hour, the average dura-
tion of the immature stages of 17 specimens was 46 days and
the average adult life of captive specimens 48 days. Lists com-
prising more than 30 injurious insects which are destroyed by
this bug are given by Kirkland (1898, 134) and Hart (1919,
201). Chief among these are the larvae of the Colorado potato
beetle, elm leaf beetle, striped cucumber beetle and asparagus
beetle, web-worm, caterpillar and codling moth. The young
have also been reared on the evening primrose, Onagra biennis L.,
by Olsen.

140 (231). Podisus sagitta (Fabricius), 1794, 99.

Form and general habitus of P. maculiventris. Color much the same,
the margins of cheeks, a line each side of tylus and the humeral spines,
blackish ; membrane with a long median fuscous patch at tip ; abdomen
with two rows of small dark spots each side; thoracic pleura with
numerous coarse black punctures. Head longer and more sparsely punc-
tate than in maculiventris, the cheeks conjointly concave. Humeral spine
more upcurved and with a blunt projection on its hind margin near tip,
this giving it a slightly bifid appearance. Length, 11 — 12 mm.; width,
7 — 7.5 mm.

Orizaba, Mexico, July 27 (W. S. B.) . A neotropical species,
mentioned by Van Duzee (1917, 80) as occurring in this coun-
try only in Texas; but Barber (1914, 524) records it from St.
Augustine and Miami, Fla.

141 (227%). Podisus fretus Olsen, 1916, 82.

Elongate-oval, larger than maculiventris. Dull clay-yellow, thickly
marked above with reddish-brown punctures, beneath with reddish-purple
spots and punctures ; narrow edges of front half of side margins of pro-
notum and a small spot on each basal angle of scutellum, calloused ivory-
white; embolium and apical half of corium tinged with reddish; an-
tennae reddish-brown throughout; membrane brownish-hyaline, with a
blotch at tip and a triangular spot at inner basal angle, fuscous; abdo-
men without black spots, its middle with a row of vague reddish-brown
ones; legs thickly flecked with reddish dots, femora without black spots.
Color markings otherwise as in maculiventris. Head broader and more
thickly punctate above than there, the side margins of cheeks parallel.
Pronotum with humeri short, broad, obtusely rounded, side margins al-
most straight, their dentations coarse, bluntly rounded. Structure other-
wise as in maculiventris. Length, 12.5 — 14 mm.; width, 6.5 — 7.5 mm.

Lake County, Ind., June 10 (W. S. B.) ; taken from the wash-
up of Lake Michigan. Macatawa Beach, Mich., June 10 (Ger-

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPIN^E. 199

hard) . Originally described from specimens taken along the
Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Wilmington, N. Car. The
types in part were beaten from oak and pine and others were
taken from washup along the ocean beaches. The Indiana and
Michigan specimens are the only ones known from the interior.
"Readily distinguished from maculiventris by the broader and
proportionally shorter anterior part of head ; by its straighter
anterior lateral margins of pronotum ; by the rounded humeri
and lack of humeral spine; by the median ventral spots being
large, dull red-brown and not sharply defined, never shining
black ; by the venter being profusely marked with red and red-
brown spots and blotches and by the larger size, more robust
appearance and general darker color." (Olsen).

142 (228). Podisus serieventris Uhler, 1871, 94.

Oblong-oval, depressed above, convex beneath. General color above
much as in maculiventris, but usually a little darker, rarely strongly
tinged with reddish ; edges of front side margins of pronotum and a
triangular spot on each basal angle of scutellum, calloused ivory-white;
humeri blackish; membrane with a blotch at tip and inner basal angle
fuscous; antennae reddish-brown, the third and fourth joints in great
part fuscous; under surface pale yellow, thickly sprinkled with reddish
and fuscous punctures; sides of abdomen each with two rows of small
dark spots, the angles of the ends of the ventrals black; middle of ab-
domen with a row of four larger sharply defined black spots, the one on
sixth ventral much the largest; thoracic pleura with the punctures
coarser and usually aggregated to form an irregular dark median
stripe; legs flecked with purplish dots, the hind femora with a fuscous
or purplish ring near apex. Head as in maculiventris. Pronotum with
side margins feebly but evidently concave, their front portion with
rounded crenations; humeri broad, triangular, their tips obtusely angled;
disk with punctures aggregated near front angles and on the sides of
front portion to form four to six ill-defined fuscous spots. Ventral spine
short, not reaching hind coxa?. Length, 9.5 — 11.5 mm.; width, 5.5---
6.5 mm.

Fulton and Crawford counties, Ind., Sept. 10 — Oct. 7 ; in the
former swept from marsh grass near the edge of a tamarack
swamp (W.S.B.). Porter Co., Ind., Aug. 28 on tamarack
{Gerhard). Ranges from Quebec and New England westward
through southern Canada and the northern states to the Pa-
cific. Recorded south of New Jersey only from Southern
Pines, N. Car. Uhler states (1878, 371) that this species was
named Pentatoma serieventris by Say, but the description was
never published. Kirkland (1898,130) says that in Massachu-

200 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^.

setts it is "by far the most common representative of the
genus," but this statement is not borne out by the Massachu-
setts records given by Parshley (1917, 29) . It is known to prey
upon the larvae of numerous moths, a list being given by Kirk-
land (loc. cit.) , who states that "in April and May an inspec-
tion of the webs of the tent caterpillar will show numbers of
these bugs breaking their winter's fasts upon the inmates of
the webs." The life habits, number of broods, etc., are essen-
tially the same as described under A. cynicus Say. It appears
to be scarce at most of its recorded stations, but is probably
confused in many collections with maculiventris. It is, however,
less closely allied to that species than to fretus, the latter being
distinguished from it, according to Olsen, by "its much larger
size, long median ventral spine, absence of dark annulus on
femora, more reddish color ventrally and by the median row of
ventral spots being dull red-brown and not sharply denned."

143 (229). Podisus modestus (Dallas), 1851, 101.

Form of maculiventris but smaller. Color above much as there, but
in general with fewer fuscous punctures and therefore a little paler; an-
tennae reddish-yellow, the tips of joints 4 and 5 often fuscous; embolium
and apex of corium usually tinged with red; membrane hyaline, with a
fuscous spot at apex; under surface pale yellow; abdomen with a row of
small spots or dots each side, the spiracles and the angles of the ends of
ventral segments dark brown or black, a median row of small spots also
sometimes present; legs reddish-yellow. Head as in maculiventris ; sec-
ond joint of antennae relatively short, about three times as long as first.
Pronotum with humeri triangular, subacute; side margins distinctly con-
cave, their dentations coarse, obtuse. Abdomen rugosely, shallowly and
rather coarsely punctate; ventral spine short, not reaching hind coxa?.
Length, 9.5 — 10.5 mm.; width, 4.5 — 5.5 mm.

Kosciusko and Crawford counties, Ind., June 19 — Aug. 30;
taken while sweeping low herbage in woods. Northern Illi-
nois (///. Nat. Hist. Sun: Coll.). Ranges from Quebec and New
England west to British Columbia and Montana, and, accord-
ing to Uhler, "south to Georgia." The types of Dallas were
from Trenton Falls, N. Y., and Cincinnati, Ohio, and according
to extant definite records it is rarely if ever found south of
latitude 38 degrees. Kirkland states (1898, 120) that in
Massachusetts it is common in May, feeding upon tent cater-
pillars, that it hibernates beneath leaves and in summer is
more frequently found on bushes and low growing plants than
on trees. Like other species of the genus it is predatory upon

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPIN^. 201

larvae of various insects. He adds : "The deeply sinuate hu-
meral angles, red marking at tip of corium, light colored ter-
gum, short ventral spine and short segment of antennae, are
characteristic of modestus and will serve to distinguish it."
Stoner found it in Iowa only at Robinson, where it was fre-
quent in August on hazel.

144 (230). Podisus placidus Uhler, 1870, 203.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Pale yellow, above thickly and un-
evenly marked with small reddish-brown punctures ; edges of front side
margins of pronotum and numerous narrow wavy lines across its disk
and that of scutellum, subcalloused ivory white; antennae reddish-brown,
the last two joints paler; edge of cheeks blackish; elytra slightly tinged
with reddish; membrane uniform pale brown; connexivum orange-red
with a blackish spot on each incisure; abdomen sprinkled with minute
reddish punctures, often with a row of small reddish-brown spots each
side, the angles of ends of ventrals each with a blackish point. Head as
wide across the eyes as long, its apex broadly rounded ; cheeks and tylus
unevenly sparsely punctate. Pronotum with side margins straight, finely
crenate before the middle; humeral angles obtusely rounded. Elytra
rather closely, finely and shallowly punctate. Length, 7.5 — 9 mm. ; width,
5 — 6 mm.

Riverhead and Yaphank, Long Island, N. Y., July — August
(Davis). Ranges from Quebec and New England west to
Colorado, but not recorded south of New Jersey. Though not
as yet noted in Indiana it doubtless occurs in the northern
counties, as it is recorded from both Michigan and Illinois.
Kirkland (1898, 117) states that in Massachusetts the imagoes
of the fall brood hibernate and emerge about the middle of
May, feeding first upon the tent caterpillar (Clisiocampa amcr-
icana Harr.) and afterward upon the larvae of the gypsy moth
and other Lepidoptera. From 50 to 60 eggs are deposited by
each female, these being placed in batches on the under side of
leaves or on twigs. They hatch in about ten days and the
young feed on. the juices of leaves for a week or so, when the
first molting takes place. From this time on they are preda-
ceous. The second and third molts take place in 12 and 10 days,
respectively, and the last one in about three weeks. The
imagoes of the summer brood appear during July and those of
the fall brood in September. Olsen (1912, 57) says that this
bug is common throughout the pine region of Long Island and
in the washup at Rockaway Beach, the food plant being prob-
ably scrub-oak. Stoner has taken it in Iowa on hazel. The

202 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID.E.

small size, short broad head with black line on edge of cheeks,
the uniform brown hue of the membrane, and the obtusely
rounded humeri are the principal characters distinguishing this
species from its allies.

145 (233). Podisus mucronatus Uhler, 1897a, 386.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed above, convex beneath. Pale yellow,
above thickly and unevenly marked with rather coarse reddish-brown
punctures; head with four narrow stripes formed of blackish punctures;
edges of cheeks and humeral spines blackish ; broad side margins of
pronotum, two spots on its disk, three across base of scutellum and the
tip of latter, subcalloused ivory-white; membrane dark brown without
fuscous markings ; connexivum yellow, the inner angles of the segments
blackish; under surface and legs uniform pale yellow, the tarsi a little
darker. Head slightly longer than wide, its apex rounded ; cheeks
sparsely unevenly punctate. Pronotum with side margins wide, flat-
tened and straight in front of the base of the acute and prominent for-
ward projecting spines ; disk of front portion sparsely and very unevenly
punctate, of hind one more closely and evenly so. Scutellum with basal
portion sparsely punctate, the apical half more closely so, the apex
smooth. Elytra more finely, evenly and closely punctate. Under sur-
face sparsely, rather coarsely and shallowly punctate. Osteolar canal
short, not at all curved, the apex rounded. Length, 9 — 11.5 mm.;
width, 5 — 6.5 mm.

Ormond, Kissimmee, Dunedin, Ft. Myers, Caxambus and
Cape Sable, Fla., Dec. 1 — April 6 (W.S.B.). Recorded from
a number of additional stations by Van Duzee and Barber, and
probably occurs sparingly throughout the eastern and southern
portions of the State. Known in this country only from
Florida, but Uhler's types were in part from Cuba. My speci-
mens were taken singly, mostly by beating cabbage palmetto
and other foliage along the margins of dry sandy cultivated
fields or by sweeping along the bay front. A prettily marked
and easily distinguished species.

X. Zicrona Amyot & Serville, 1843, 86.

Small, oblong-oval subconvex species having the head feebly
declivent, as wide across the eyes as long; cheeks convex,
equalling tylus ; beak short, stout, reaching middle coxae, its
second joint one-half longer than third, the latter equal to
fourth ; antennae pubescent, surpassing hind margin of prono-
tum, joints 2, 4 and 5 subequal, third nearly one-half shorter;
pronotum with front portion but slightly declivent, its side

SUBFAMILY II. — ASOPIN^. 203

margins almost straight, their edges obtuse, humeri narrowly
rounded, not prominent ; scutellum relatively small, its apical
third strongly tapering, much narrower than corium, the tip
narrowly rounded, male, almost as wide as corium, the tip
broadly rounded, female ; membrane surpassing abdomen, its
veins simple ; connexivum narrowly or not at all exposed ;
osteolar canal very narrow, curved, lying close to the front
edge of the metasternal plate ; front femora and second ventral
unarmed; tibiae not sulcate, tarsi 3-jointed. Males without
a pubescent spot on ventrals 4 — 6; their genital plate semi-
circular, its hind margin reflexed, broadly concave.

Two species are known, one inhabiting Europe, the other
Canada and the United States.

146 ( — ). ZlCRONA CUPREA Dallas, 1851, 108.

Oblong-oval, subconvex. Above dark purplish-blue, shining, the
pronotum and scutellum varying to dark greenish-blue ; antennae and
membrane of elytra fuscous-black; under surface purplish to greenish-
blue; legs and beak black, the tarsi fuscous. Entire upper surface
finely, sparsely but very evidently punctate. Basal half of scutellum
with numerous fine transverse wrinkles between the punctures. Under
surface minutely and sparsely punctate. Other structural characters
as above given. Length, 7 — 9 mm. ; width, 3.5 — 4 mm.

Gila River, New Mexico, July (Gerhard). Texas (Osboni) .
The types of Dallas were from Hudson's Bay, and it is known
from Maine, New Hampshire and Michigan, west to British
Columbia, California and Arizona, but in the east not south of
latitude 42 degrees. It occurs for the most part in high
altitudes, the New Hampshire specimens being taken on the
summit of Mt. Washington.

Although Uhler (1872, 395) said that he could find no suf-
cient differences to separate the American form from the
European Z. ccerulea (Linn.), he continued to treat the former
as distinct in all his subsequent writings. In this he has been
followed by almost all American writers except Van Duzee. A
comparison of Arizona and Texas specimens with some of
typical Z. ccerulea from Bucharest, shows the latter to be wholly
greenish-blue in hue, with the upper surface distinctly
smoother, the punctures sparser and more shallow and the
scutellum wholly devoid of the transverse wrinkles found in
the American form. I have therefore retained the name of
Dallas for our species.

204 FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^.

Subfamily III. ACANTHOSOMIN^E Stal, 1864, 33.

Pentatomids of medium or small size, having the thorax
armed beneath with a prominent central carina or keel which
extends the full length between all the coxae; abdomen also
with a prominent median carina, the sharp curved apex of
which extends forward between the hind coxae and overlaps
that of the sternum ; bucculae and beak as in subfamily Penta-
tominae; tarsi two jointed.

This subfamily is placed by Van Duzee between the Penta-
tominae and Asopinae, but since the variation in the number
of tarsal joints is, in the Coleoptera, deemed of sufficient im-
portance to serve as the primary character in separating not
only families, but even series of families, it is, in my opinion,
of enough value here to warrant the isolation of those Penta-
tomids possessing only two tarsal joints and the placing of
them in a group following those which have three. The sub-
family comprises a dozen or more genera, mostly neotropical
in distribution. It is represented in North America and the
eastern states by only two of these.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF ACAXTHOSOMIN.E.

a. Posterior side margins of pronotum depressed, their inner end
projected slightly backward opposite basal angle of scutellum;
outer hind angle of sixth ventral not strongly produced back-
ward; osteolar canal short, broad, curved, scarcely reaching middle
of its supporting plate; smaller, not over 9 mm. I. Meadorus.
aa. Posterior side margins of pronotum not depressed, their inner end
not projected backward; outer hind angle of sixth ventral acute,
strongly produced backward; osteolar canal straight reaching
much beyond middle of the metasternal plate; larger, 10 or more
mm. II. Elasmostethus.

I. Meadorus Mulsant & Rey, 1866, 315.

Small oblong-oval species having the head moderately de-
clivent, longer than wide, its apex rounded ; tylus slightly
longer than cheeks, its tip rounded ; beak slender, surpassing
hind coxae, its second and third joints subequal, fourth shorter;
pronotum with front portion strongly declivent, its side mar-
gins straight, entire, front angles with a small projecting
tooth, humeri obtusely angled, feebly concave or emarginate
behind the angle ; scutellum short, strongly tapering, the apical
third only half the width of corium, tip narrowly rounded ;
membrane surpassing abdomen, its veins simple; connexivum

SUBFAMILY III. — ACANTHOSOMIN.E.

205

rather broadly exposed. Female with basal genital plates
much longer than broad. Other characters as in key, and under
subfamily heading. One species is known.

147 (203). Meadorus lateralis (Say), 1831, 3; I, 312.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed above, subconvex beneath. Above green-
ish yellow, rather evenly, not
thickly marked with coarse
reddish-brown punctures; an-
tennae reddish-yellow, the tip
of last joint blackish; elytra
with two vague reddish-
brown or pale fuscous cross-
bars; connexivum yellow,
with an oblong blackish spot
on each incisure; tergum red-
dish; under surface pale yel-
low, the punctures darker;
legs reddish-yellow. Cheeks
sparsely unevenly punctate;
tylus almost smooth, its front
half widened and with a
median groove. Pronotum
with front portion unevenly
punctate, the smooth areas
irregular and transverse ;
hind portion evenly and
:oarsely punctate. Scutellum
very coarsely and sparsely
punctate; elytra more finely
and rather closely so. Abdo-
men with minute distant
Length, 7.5 — 8.5 mm. ;

S. (After Drake in Tech.
Coll. For.)

punctures,
width, 4.5-

those of thoracic
-5 mm. (Fig. 39).

pleura coarser

Mackinac Island, Mich., July 23 (W. S. B.). Minnesota (III.
Nat. Hist. Sun: Coll.). Ranges from Quebec and New England
west to the Pacific. Not as yet recognized from Indiana or Illi-
nois and in the east not recorded south of New Jersey. But
little regarding its habits is known. Van Duzee took it in the
Adirondacks of New York by beating trees. Except in New
England, where the records given by Parshley are numerous,
it appears to be scarce throughout its range.

II. Elasmostethus Fieber, 1861, 78.

Medium sized, elongate-oval species, differing from Meadorus
mainly by the characters given in generic key. The head is

206

FAMILY V. — PENTATOMID^E.

relatively more narrowed in front, the cheeks more deeply
sinuate in front of eyes ; pronotum with humeri not emarginate
or concave behind the angles, the posterior side margins
straight ; scutellum much narrower toward apex, the latter less
than one-third the width of corium. Female with basal genital
plates subtriangular not longer than wide. Three species are
known from the United States, two of which occur in our
territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ELASMOSTETHUS.

((. Antennae pale, the apical joint dusky; humeral angles pale.

147. CRUCIATUS.

aa. Antenna? piceous or black throughout; humeral angles black.

148. ATRICORNIS.

148. (204). Elasmostethus cruciatus (Say), 1831, 2; I, 311.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed above, convex beneath. Above greenish-
yellow, bases of pronotum and scutellum and a
broad stripe along inner margin and apex of
elytra, dull red; under surface and legs dull yel-
low; tarsi and tip of beak fuscous, the acute
strongly projecting angles of sixth ventral red-
dish-brown. Head as long as broad, strongly
tapering; cheeks with a few coarse punctures
near base. Pronotum very sparsely, unevenly
marked with coarse reddish-brown or fuscous
punctures. Scutellum evenly and more closely
marked with similar punctures. Elytra more
finely, closely and evenly punctate. Abdomen
smooth or very minutely rugose; pro-thoracic
pleura coarsely and rather closely punctate.
Other characters as in key and under generic
heading. Length, 10 — 11 mm.; width, 5.5 — 6
mm. (Fig. 40).

Fig. 40, X 3.
(After Lugger).

Adirondack Mountains, N. Y., July 6 — Aug. 29 (Denis). Lake
Superior (///. Nat. J list. Surv. Coll.). Ranges from Quebec and
New England west to the Pacific and south to North Carolina
and New Mexico. Nothing has been recorded regarding its
habits, though it appears to frequent more mountainous
regions and higher altitudes than does /:. atricornis. Say states
that "when the hemelytra are at rest their sanguineous mar-
gins represent a common cross," whence the specific name
which he bestowed upon it. Hart records one specimen from
northern Illinois, but no members of the subfamily are men-
tioned by Zimmer or Stoner from Nebraska or Iowa.

SUBFAMILY III. — ACANTHOSOMINvE.

207

149 (206). Elasmostethus atricornis (Van Duzee), 1904, 75.

Size and form of cruciatus. Above greenish-yellow; antennae black-
ish, the incisures paler; humeral angles of pronotum black, this merging
into dark reddish-brown along the hind margin and on inner and apical
margins of elytra, disk of scutellum and connexivum ; under surface
reddish-brown, the last two ventrals piceous, shining. Head a little
shorter and broader than in cruciatus, the cheeks with only two or three
punctures and a few very fine wrinkles. Pronotum more finely and very
sparsely punctate, the punctures concolorous with the disk. Punctures
of scutellum finer and more unevenly and sparsely placed than in
cruciatus. Basal plates of female genitalia a little shorter and more
triangular than there. Sixth ventral of male very deeply concave to
receive the broad convex genital plate, the latter with hind margin
rounded, entire and ciliate. Length, 9 — 10 mm.; width, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Putnam and Vigo counties, Ind., Aug. 21 — Sept. 18. In both
counties it was found in numbers and mating, but only on the
leaves and stems of spikenard, Aralia racemosa L., growing on
the sides of deep damp ravines. Outside of Indiana it is defi-
nitely recorded only from Montreal, Canada, New York and
Maryland, though Van Duzee (loc. cit.) says "so far as my
observations extend this seems to be our most common north-
ern species of Acanthosoma." It will probably be found on the
Aralia throughout most of the range of that plant.

Superfamily COREOIDE^E Reuter, 1910, 78.

This superfamily comprises Heteroptera of large or medium

size, possessing the characters
given in the family key and hav-
ing the head porrect or nearly
so, not transversely impressed;
scutellum triangular, small or
medium in size, but not reaching
middle of abdomen ; elytra com-
posed of clavus, corium and
membrane ; veins of membrane
numerous, more or less anas-
tomosing; hind femora often
swollen ; tarsal claws with arolia.
The superfamily is represented
in our territory by three fam-
ilies, two of which are by Van
Duzee and others treated as subfamilies of the Coreidae.

dorsal view of head
of a Coreid, Anasa
b, same of a Coriscid,
Covinous pilosulus (H.-S.) ; c, lateral
view of same. (After Parshley).

Fig. 41. a
and pronotum
repetita Heid

208 FAMILY VI. — COREIDvE.

KEY TO FAMILIES OF COREOIDE.E.

a. Osteolar openings distinct, ::!l located on their peritreme some dis-
tance outward from the middle and hind coxa?; both fourth and
fifth dorsals of abdomen concavely sinuate at base; color usually
dark; length usually 10 or more mm.
b. Head much narrower and shorter than pronotum (fig. 41, a) ; buc-
culae larger, reaching backward behind a vertical line drawn
from the base of the antennae (fig. 6, k) ; form usually rather
broad. Terrestrial or thamnophilous; usually phytophagous.

Family VI. COREID^:, p. 208.
bb. Head proportionally much larger, the part between the eyes wider
than base of scutellum (fig. 41, /;) ; bucculae very small, lying
wholly in front of the base of antennae (fig. 41, c) ; form usually
elongate and slender. Terrestrial or thamnophilous; phytopha-
gous. Family VII. Coriscid^e, p. 256.
aa. Osteolar openings (in our species) absent; fourth dorsal only con-
cave at base; color usually pale; length (except in tribe Lepto-
corini), less than 10 mm. Terrestrial; phytophagous.

Family VIII. Corizid^e, p. 270.

Family VI. COREID^E Leach, 1815, 121.
The Squash-bug Family.

Heteroptera of medium or large size and elongate-oval form,
having the head very small, porrect or nearly so; antennae 4-
jointed, inserted on the upper part of the sides of the head;
beak 4-jointed ; ocelli present ; pronotum quadrangular or sub-
hexagonal, widest behind, the front of disk strongly declivent ;
scutellum relatively small, triangular, not reaching middle of
body, the clavi meeting behind its tip; corium with apex long,
oblique, sinuate, its outer apical angle usually acute ; mem-
brane but slightly or not surpassing the abodmen, its veins
numerous, usually forked, arising from a curved transverse
basal vein ; connexivum usually broadly exposed ; osteole pres-
ent, its opening large, situated between or near the bases of
the meso- and metasternal plates; tarsi 3-jointed, the last joint
furnished with pulvilli. Males with a single convex genital
plate ; females with sixth ventral slit along the middle to near
base and with several small genital plates separated by distinct
sutures.

The family is a large one, nearly 1,600 species, assigned to
no fewer than 27 subfamilies, being known, mostly from the
tropical regions, where many of them are large in size and of
bizarre form. By the older writers they were known as Super-

SBExcept in the genera Tollius and Stachyocnemus of the Coriscidse.

THE SQUASH-BUG FAMILY. 209

icornia on account of the insertion of the antennae on the upper
side of the head above a line projected from the eyes to the
base of the beak. They are mainly plant feeders and some of
them, as our common squash-bug, often so numerous as to do
much damage to vegetation. When distributed almost all of
them emit, from the large opening of the stink-gland, copious
quantities of a volatile liquid, the odor of which soon per-
meates the atmosphere for rods around, being more penetrat-
ing and more offensive than in most other Heteroptera.

The literature pertaining to the species of our fauna is
widely scattered, no single work treating of the family as a
whole. The principal papers available are as follows : Stal,
1867, 1870; Gibson, 1917; Gibson and Holdridge, 1918, 1918a;
McAfee, 1919 ; Fracker, 1923. Aside from the Coriscinae
(Alydinas) and Corizinae treated in this work as families, but
three of the 27 subfamilies are represented in North America,
all in our territory. Our eastern species are comparatively few
in number, but 38 being at present known.

KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SUBFAMILIES OF COREID.-E.

a. Upper surface not thickly beset with small seta?-bearing granules;
first joint of antenna? rarely shorter than head; hind coxa? widely
separated.
b. Apex of hind tibia? ending beneath in a short projecting spine;
fourth joint of antenna? longer than second and third united;
hind femora curved, strongly clavate, the basal half very slender,
the apical one much thickened and spined beneath ; length less
than 9 mm. Subfamily I. Merocorin^e, p. 209.

bb. Apex of hind tibiae without a projecting spine; hind femora rarely
curved and strongly clavate; head much narrower and shorter
than pronotum; buccula? reaching behind the insertion of anten-
na?; length usually 10 or more mm.

Subfamily II. Corein^e, p. 212.
da. Upper surface, except membrane, thickly beset with small granules,
each bearing a short seta; first joint of antenna? shorter than
head ; hind coxa? contiguous or nearly so.

Subfamily III. Pseudophlcein^e, p. 254.

Subfamily I. MEROCORIN^E Stal, 1870, 125.

This subfamily, distinguished by the characters given in
key, is represented in North America by the single genus:

I. Merocoris Perty, 1830, 170.

Cblong-oval pubescent species of medium size having the
head small, porrect, much shorter than pronotum, armed above

210 FAMILY VI. — COREIDJE.

near base of each antenna with a short spine ; antennae stout,
joint 1 curved, 2 and 3 more slender, subequal, 4 longer than 2
and 3 united ; beak reaching middle coxae, joints 1 and 2 sub-
equal, slightly longer than 3 and 4 which are also subequal ;
eyes prominent, subglobular ; pronotum subquadrangular, sides
straight, feebly converging forward from the acute hind
angles, disk strongly declivent ; scutellum short, triangular, its
apex acute, base with a short erect blunt spine each side ; apical
margin of corium long, oblique, feebly sinuate, the outer angle
acute ; membrane reaching tip of abdomen, its veins very nu-
merous, mostly simple ; connexivum narrowly exposed ; osteolar
opening located in front of hind coxae, without canal or auricle ;
hind coxae extremely widely separated, hind femora as de-
scribed in subfamily key, armed beneath with four or five erect
slender spines, hind tibiae slender, feebly curved, the apex end-
ing in a short spine.

Two species and one western variety are known, both species
occurring in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MEROCORIS.

a. Head subquadrate, not prolonged in front; first joint of antennae
stout, subcylindrical, constricted only near base, thickly bristly-
hairy; beak just reaching middle coxa?. 150. distinctus.
aa. Head subtriangular, prolonged in front between the bases of anten-
nae; first joint of antennae subclavate, tapering below the middle,
sparsely, finely pubescent; beak reaching behind middle coxae.

151. typhous.

150 (236a). Merocoris distinctus Dallas, 1852, 419.

Oblong-oval, clothed, except on membrane, with a thick matted
pubescence. Above fuscous, the pubescence fulvous or grayish; third
joint of antennae and some lines on middle of pronotal disk dull red;
connexivum black, the ends of each segment red; membrane brownish-
black; under surface in great part reddish, the pubescence grayish;
middle of abdomen and sternal pleura blackish; legs fuscous, thickly
marked with reddish dots and lines. Head with a pair of short, widely
separated divergent spines, one above the base of each antenna ; ocelli
each placed on the side of an occipital tubercle. Pronotum with three
or four short blunt tubercles along each side margin and numerous
scattered ones on disk. Other structural characters as in generic descrip-
tion. Length, 7.5 — 8.7 mm.; width, 3 — 3.5 mm. (Fig. 42).

Lake, Vigo, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., scarce, June 2 —

SUBFAMILY I. — MEROCORIN^.

211

Fig. 42, X 8. (Original).

Oct. 16; probably occurs sparingly
throughout the State {W.S.B.).
Palos Park, 111., Oct. 8 {Gerhard).
Found in summer and autumn on
flowers of the purple milkwort, Poly-
gala tnridescens L., goldenrod and other
\ \ herbs growing along railways and

(^ M vflilillV ^ roadsides. Ranges from New Eng-
land to Kansas and Oklahoma, and
south to Florida and Texas. In Florida
it has been recorded from Crescent
City and Estero by Van Duzee, but
Barber states (1914, 518) that these
records are probably based on ex-
amples of typhosus. Uhler (1876, 295)
says that : "In Maryland it is often
common in corners of fields adjoining woods where the weeds
and shrubs grow luxuriantly. In such places it may be swept
from the plants as late as the middle of October." Parshley
(1914, 147) records the taking May 10 at Orono, Me., of 12
specimens "as they flew up, one by one, to the dried carcass of
a long dead fowl. Some alighted nearby and others disap-
peared within the carcass. I was unable to determine whether
they came to feed on the juices of carrion or to prey upon other
insects, and they may have been attracted merely by the odor.
I believe there are few if any records of the frequenting of
carrion by Heteroptera."

151 (236). Merocoris typhous (Fabricius), 1798, 537.

Differs from distinctus mainly by the characters given in key.
Slightly shorter and more slender, color much the same ; pubescence less
dense. Head distinctly more prolonged and more narrowed in front of
antenna?, the tylus more convex and prominent; antennae more slender,
less bristly-haired, the basal joint dark chestnut-brown, shining, almost
glabrous, more slender, more curved and more tapering toward base
than that of distinctus; apical joint also more tapering toward base,
thickest beyond middle, in distinctus of nearly equal thickness beyond
the basal fourth. Antenniferous tubercles shorter and less divergent.
Pronotum narrower, the sides less convergent with fewer tubercles along
the edges; humeri less prominent; disk more even with fewer tubercles
than in distinctus. Length, 7 — 8 mm.; width, 2.7 — 3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 26 — April 16; swept from avocado; also
from flowers of the orange milkwort Polygala lutea L., along the

212 FAMILY VI. — COREIDjE.

borders of a pond (W.S.B.). Mobile, Ala., June (Gerhard).
This species has been generally confused with distinctus and it
is therefore impossible from the published records to give its
approximate range. Barber (1914, 518) states that "it is con-
fined, as far as my knowledge goes, to the extreme southeast-
ern United States." He records it from Ft. Myers, Indian Riv-
er and Lakeland, Fla. Bueno and Engelhardt (1910, 149)
record both species from Wilmington, N. Car., and typhceus also
from Virginia Beach, Va. The two species are easy to separate
when one has specimens of both in hand, but quite difficult
from the literature extant.

Subfamily II. COREIN7E Stal, 1867, 535.

This subfamily, as defined in the key, comprises the great
majority of our species of Coreidse and for convenience of
classification is subdivided into eight tribes, all of which are
represented in the eastern United States.

KEY TO TRIBES OF SUBFAMILY OOREIX.E.

a. Hind tibiae in both sexes dilated on one or both sides (fig. 43) to
form a thin foliaceous plate.
6. Head but little prolonged in front of bases of antennae; tylus longer
than cheeks, compressed between them and projected upward be-
tween the antenniferous tubercles in the form of a triangular
spine; basal joint of antennae at least one-half longer than head.

Tribe I. Acanthocephalini, p. 213.

bb. Head narrowed in front and much prolonged beyond the bases of

antennae; tylus longer than cheeks, compressed and deflexed in

front of them; basal joint of antennae but little if any longer

than head. Tribe II. Anisoscelini, p. 219.

<ta. Hind tibiae simple, terete or subcylindrical.

c. Head as long, or nearly as long, as pronotum, distinctly narrowed
and prolonged in front of bases of antennae; femora armed
beneath.

d. Second and third joints of antennae not triquetrous or three-sided ;

cheeks not porrect or distinctly shorter than tylus.

Tribe III. Leptoscelini, p. 226.
dd. Second and third joints of antennae triquetrous; cheeks porrect,
shorter than tylus, their tips subcorneal.

Tribe VII. Chelidinini, p. 240.
cc. Head not over two-thirds the length of pronotum, but little pro-
duced forward in front of bases of antennae.

e. Hind femora armed beneath with a number of teeth and in the

males strongly swollen ; front side margins of pronotum finely
toothed or crenulate. Tribe IV. Mictini, p. 228.

SUBFAMILY II. — COREINyE. 213

ee. Hind femora unarmed beneath, or if armed, with only two or three
small teeth, not much swollen in either sex; front side margins
of pronotum rarely (Tribe VI) distinctly toothed.
/'. Antenniferous tubercles very prominent, the cheeks and tylus
strongly abruptly deflexed, the space between the tubercles
therefore unfilled.
g. Third joint of antennae not dilated near apex; antenniferous
tubercles without a spine; form broadly oval.

Tribe V. Menenotini, p. 234.

gg. Third joint of antennae with a thin flat dilation near apex;

antenniferous tubercles with a distinct spine above their base;

form elongate, narrow. Tribe VI. Chariesterini, p. 238

//. Antenniferous tubercles not prominent, the cheeks and tylus not

strongly deflexed, the space between the tubercles filled; form

oblong or elongate-oval. Tribe VIII. Coreini, p. 242.

Tribe I. ACANTHOCEPHALINI Stal, 1870, 149.

Elongate-oval pubescent species of large size, having the
head subquadrate, not produced in front of antennae, the tylus
compressed to form a flattened plate which is projected upward
between the antenniferous tubercles in the form of a triangular
spine ; basal joint of antennae usually twice or more the length
of head ; ocelli inserted closer to eyes than to each other ; beak
not reaching hind coxae; femora all armed beneath, the hind
ones of male often much swollen ; hind tibiae strongly dilated on
one or both sides.

This tribe, thus briefly characterized, comprises nine genera,
all but one confined to Central and South America. Our single
genus was by Uhler and other authors for many years called
Metapodius West. (1842, 4), but by Van Duzee and more re-
cent writers this name is considered a synonym of Acantho-
cephala Lap.

I. Acanthocephala Laporte, 1832, 29.

Elongate-oval species of large size and dull color having the
head small, porrect, much shorter and narrower than middle
of pronotum; tylus as in key; beak reaching or surpassing
middle coxae, joints 1, 2 and 4 subequal in length, 3 shorter;
antennae with first joint stout, somewhat curved, often twice
or more the length of head, 2 — 4 more slender, third shortest ;
pronotum subhexagonal, wider at base than elytra, strongly
declivent, much narrowed in front, the side margins straight,
strongly converging from the prominent humeri to apex, which

214 FAMILY VI. — COREIDiE.

is scarcely wider than head, their edges nodulate or bluntly
toothed ; scutellum small, triangular, nearly equilateral, its tip
acute ; corium with hind margin very long, oblique, strongly
sinuate, its outer angle acute; membrane slightly surpassing
tip of abdomen, its veins numerous, mostly forked ; connexivum
usually narrowly exposed ; middle and hind coxae well sepa-
rated ; hind tibiae with large flattened dilations, the outer ones
the longest and widest ; osteolar opening large, with a short,
curved exterior auricle.

Stal (1870, 149) recognized 23 species of the genus, mostly
from Tropical America. Van Duzee (1917, 85) lists six from
the United States, one of which is a synonym. Four of the
remaining five occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ACANTHOCEPHALA.

a. Humeri of pronotum broadly expanded and extending upward and
outward much beyond basal margin of abdomen, thus causing the
upper basal part of disk of pronotum to appear concave; outer
dilation of hind tibiae broad to almost the tip; length, 28 or more
mm. 152. declivis.

au. Humeri of pronotum but little expanded, not projected outward and
upward, the disk therefore not appearing concave; outer dilation
of hind tibia? not wide at or near the apex.
b. Dilation of hind tibia? extending nearly or quite to apex of tibiae;
size larger, length, 23 or more mm.
c. Pronotum with numerous small tubercles ; antennae reddish-brown
throughout; hind femora of male much swollen, distinctly
curved, the median tooth beneath long, stout, curved; outer dila-
tion of hind tibiae of male without distinct scallops.

153. FEMORATA.

cc. Pronotum granulated, without tubercles; joints 1 — 3 of antennae

brown, apical one reddish; hind femora of male slender, straight

or nearly so, its median tooth not enlarged ; outer dilation of

male hind tibiae with distinct scallops. 154. confraterna.

bb. Dilation of hind tibiae reaching little more than two-thirds the

length of tibiae, deeply scalloped in both sexes; apical joint of

antennae paler than the others; length, 20 — 22 mm.

155. terminalis.

152 (237). Acanthocephala declivis (Say), 1832, 10; I, 305, 327.

Elongate-oval, very large for the genus. Dark brown, above evenly
and rather thickly clothed with fine appressed yellowish hairs, beneath
densely clothed with whitish ones; antennae reddish-brown, the apical
joint greenish-yellow; legs reddish-brown, the hind femora darker; tip
of scutellum and incisures of connexivum yellow. Head across the eyes
slightly wider than apex of pronotum; antennae slender, basal joint but
feebly curved, two and a half times as long as head, third joint two-

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIIsLE. 215

thirds the length of second, fourth nearly as long as first. Pronotum as
in key, the basal portion across the humeri three times or more as wide
as apex; front portion nearly perpendicular, sides from humeri to apex
nearly straight, armed with eight or ten blunt teeth; disk with two
small rounded glabrous nodules at middle of apical third and a few
widely scattered smaller ones on basal half; humeri obtusely rounded,
their hind margin with a few teeth. Connexivum narrowly exposed.
Femora long, slender, the hind ones not greatly thickened, all armed
beneath on apical half with 4 to 8 teeth. Hind tibia? with outer dilation
widest on basal third, then abruptly angularly narrowed and of equal
width almost to apex ; inner dilation very narrow basally, male, slightly
wider, female, obsolete beyond the angulation of outer one, the inner
margin finely toothed from there to apex. Other structural characters as
in generic description. Length, 28 — 34 mm.; width, 11 — 12 mm.

Utopia, Lake Okeechobee and Dunedin, Fla., scarce, Dec. 21
—March 4 (W.S.B). Raleigh, N. Car., May 2 (Brimley) . Re-
corded also from Chokoloskee, Fla., by Barber, and "Florida"
by Uhler (1876, 297). Say's types were from Georgia and
Louisiana and its known range extends from North Carolina
and Florida, across these states to Texas, Arizona and Central
America. My specimens were taken while beating the foliage
of red bay, Persea borbonia L., along the margins of wet ham-
mocks. Individuals of this and the next species are the largest
of our Coreids and among the largest of our eastern terrestrial
Heteroptera.

153 (238). Acanthocephala femorata (Fabricius) , 1775, 708.

Elongate-oval, very robust, large for the genus. Dark chestnut or
fuscous-brown, thickly clothed above and beneath with fine appressed
yellowish hairs; membrane blackish-brown; tip of scutellum and in-
cisures of connexivum greenish-yellow; legs fuscous-brown, the front
and middle tibiae and all the tarsi paler. Head oblong, narrow, convex;
antenna? with basal joint stout, curved, nearly twice as long as head;
second about one-fourth longer than third, fourth slender, a little shorter
than first. Pronotum subhexagonal, with basal portion two and one-half
times as wide as apex; humeri obtuse, sides thence to apex straight,
armed with very small blunt teeth; disk with basal two-thirds convex
and bearing numerous small rounded, widely scattered tubercles. Con-
nexivum broadly exposed. Femora all rather stout, hind ones of male
extremely so, curved, armed beneath with two rows of short tubercles or
teeth, the median one of outer row long, curved, acute; hind femora of
female more slender, the teeth on apical half of outer row regu'ar and
longer than those of male; the sides and upper surface of these femora
in both sexes each with two rows of small tubercles. Hind tibia? with
outer dilation widest at base, in male gradually and evenly narrowed to
apex; in female abruptly narrowed at basal two-fifths and again at

216

FAMILY VI. — COREID,£.

female X

(After Lugger).

apical third; the inner dilation
in both sexes confined to basal
third, much the wider in female.
Other characters as above given.
Length, 25—28 mm.; width, 9—
10 mm. (Fig. 43).

Ormond, Sanford, Sara-
sota, R. P. Park and Dune-
din, Fla., Jan. 21 — April 3
(//'. -V. /?.). Agricultural
College, Miss. (Weed).
About Dunedin it is taken
frequently in early spring
on the flowers of thistle and
also swept from those of
huckleberry and other low
vegetation. Recorded by
Van Duzee and Barber from
numerous Florida stations
and doubtless occurs in
numbers throughout the
State. Van Duzee (1909,
159) states that "it was not uncommon at most places where
we collected. It was most abundant about 4 p. m., flying about
weedy places in the bright sunlight ; later in the evening they
could be picked off the weeds and grasses where they were
resting."

This is one of the largest and most ill-smelling of our "stink-
bugs," and the collector can usually tell before seeing his cap-
ture that one is in umbrella or net. Its known range extends
from North Carolina to Florida, Oklahoma, Texas and Mexico.
Lugger (1900, 86) states that it is sometimes very common
in Minnesota. Saunders (1883, 220) has recorded it as being
injurious to cherries in the western states by puncturing the
fruit and sucking the juices, but his specimens were perhaps
erroneously determined. It varies much in size and in the
thickness of the hind femora of the male, and old specimens
are usually much darker than freshly matured ones. The
R hi ii mints iiasiilus Say (I, 305) is a synonym.

154 (240). ACANTHOCEPHALA CONFRATERNA (LThler), 1871, 99.

Elongate-oval, more narrow and less robust than femorata. Fuscous
or chestnut-brown, thickly clothed with fine grayish or yellowish ap-

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^E. 217

pressed hairs; antennas chestnut-brown, the apical joint fulvous; femora
dark reddish-brown or fuscous, the front and middle tibias and all the
tarsi paler. Head as in femorata, the eyes smaller; basal joint of
antennae stout, feebly curved, third shortest, four-fifths the length of
second, fourth longest, slightly longer than first. Pronotum much as
in femorata, disk somewhat uneven, granulate, without distinct tubercles
as there, its side margins subsinuate, armed with a few very small
nodular teeth; humeri prominent, obtusely angled, their hind margin
with a few nodules. Connexivum very narrowly exposed. Femora stout,
armed beneath on apical two-thirds with two rows of teeth, hind ones of
male nearly straight, swollen, but less so than in femorata, nodulate as
there, with lower teeth more acute and more regular in size. Hind tibia?
of female dilated on both sides, of male only on the outer one, the dila-
tion in both sexes angulate and narrowed at basal third, in female
again at apical third; the inner side feebly toothed throughout its
length in male, beyond the dilation which ends at middle, female. Length,
23 — 25 mm.; width, 9 — 10 mm.

Dunedin, Palmdale, Miami, R. P. Park, Ft. Myers and Sara-
sota, Fla., Feb. 9 — April 4 (W.S.B.). Occurs on the foliage
of shrubs along the margins of dense hammocks. When flushed
it flies like a bird, often for several hundred feet. If marked
down it can then be approached cautiously and taken by a
quick sweep of the net. Mobile, Ala., March 3 (Gerhard).
Barber records it from numerous stations along the east coast
and central regions of Florida. Known only from Georgia,
Alabama, Florida and Texas. Intermediate in size between
terminate and femorata. More apt to be confused with the latter,
but easily distinguished by its narrower body, pale fourth joint
of antennae, lack of tubercles on pronotum and less swollen,
more regularly toothed hind femora of male.

155 (242). Acanthocephala terminalis (Dallas), 1852, 431.

Elongate-oval, moderately robust, subdepressed above, convex be-
neath. Fuscous or dark chestnut-brown, thickly clothed above with
yellowish appressed hairs, beneath with grayish ones; antennas with
basal joint fuscous, 2 and 3 reddish-brown, 4 reddish-yellow; tip of
scutellum and incisures of connexivum yellowish; membrane dark brown;
femora fuscous, middle and hind tibiae and all the tarsi dull yellow, the
apical joint of the latter fuscous. Head subquadrate, longer than wide,
convex; antennas as in confraterna; beak slightly surpassing middle
coxas. Pronotum subhexagonal, humeri prominent, obtusely rounded,
sides feebly sinuate, minutely toothed, disk with numerous small rounded
glabrous tubercles. Connexivum narrowly exposed. Femora slender,
hind ones somewhat compressed, straight and not greatly enlarged in
male, all armed beneath with two rows of small teeth. Hind tibias of

218 FAMILY VI. — COREID^E.

male with inner mai-gin not dilated, but finely toothed, outer dilation
widest at basal third, there angulate and narrowed, thence feebly sinuate
and gradually evanescent, disappearing at apical third; of female with
inner margin narrowly dilated on basal third, quter one more widely
dilated than in male, the dilation narrowed at basal third then slightly
widened, again strongly narrowed and obsolete beyond apical third.
Length, 18 — 20 mm.; width, 6 — 7 mm.

Frequent throughout southern Indiana, April 26 — Oct. 16;
taken in Marshall County only in the north. Occurs for the
most part on the foliage of various shrubs, trees and tall weeds
along fence rows, woodland paths, margins of thickets and
roadsides. In autumn it often occurs on the flowers of golden-
rod, boneset and joe-pye-weed in low moist grounds. When
approached it usually rises quickly and flies for some distance
to a new resting place. This is the only known species of the
genus in the northern states, ranging from New England to
Colorado and south to Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas. It has
been recorded from Florida by Uhler and Van Duzee, but there
is no definite station record from the State, though it perhaps
occurs in the northern counties. While its known range is a
wide one, it is nowhere so common as to be injurious. Uhler
(1876, 298) says that "in Maryland, it occurs, sometimes in
large numbers, on the branches of twigs and bushes along the*
borders of oak woods, in September and early October." The
males are usually narrower and darker than the females, and
freshly moulted specimens often have the antenna? concolorous
throughout.

Uhler (1871, 98; 1878, 381) described from the Harris col-
lection a Metapodius instabilis from Pennsylvania and North
Carolina and states that the Pennsylvania specimen had been
labelled "Anisoscelis prominulus Say Mss." by Say for Harris.
Though Uhler does not mention this species in any of his sub-
sequent papers or his Check List, Van Duzee includes it as No.
241 of his recent Catalogue. Uhler's description fits very well
the terminalis of Dallas, and his name has, in my opinion, been
properly placed as a synonym of that species by Gibson &
Holdridge (1918, 240). It is unlikely that such a frequent
and widely distributed undescribed species as terminalis was
unknown to Say, but there is no published description in his
works which agrees with it, and his manuscript name prominulus
was therefore probably based on that species.

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^E. 219

Tribe II. ANISOSCELINI Amyot & Serville, 1843, 217.

Species of medium size and elongate depressed form having
the head elongate, convex, much prolonged in front of the
insertion of antennae; tylus longer than cheeks and deflexed in
front of them, not compressed and elevated above them as in
the preceding tribe ; antennae rather slender, surpassing the
pronotum; beak reaching or surpassing hind coxae; pronotum
subhexagonal, its front portion strongly declivent, humeri
prominent, acutely to obtusely angled; hind femora straight,
stouter than the others, but not greatly swollen ; hind tibiae
widely dilated, usually on both sides.

The tribe, as above characterized, comprises 11 genera, 8 of
which are confined to Central and South America, representa-
tives of the other three occurring in the United States, two of
them in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' GENERA OF ANISOSCELINI.

o. Second and third segments of antennae dilated on both sides.

I. Chondrocera.

act. Antennal segments not dilated, the basal joint usually equal to or

slightly longer than the head. II. Leptoglossus.40

I. Chondrocera Laporte, 1832, 44.

Elongate subdepressed species having the head porrect,
longer than wfde ; cheeks wider than tylus, convex, their tips
rounded; ocelli small, separated by a distance equal to that
between them and eyes ; pronotum with front portion strongly
declivent, the sides straight and converging from the acute
hind angles to apex, hind lobe also declivent, separated from
front one by an obtuse carina; apical margin of corium very
long, bisinuate ; connexivum narrowly exposed ; hind tibiae with
outer expansion angulate near middle, its front portion nearly
three times as wide as inner expansion. One neotropical
species occurs in Florida.

156 (243). Chondrocera laticornis LaPorte, 1832, 45.

Elongate subparallel. Head and pronotum brownish-yellow; scutel-
lum and elytra rather dark reddish-brown; membrane dark chestnut-
brown; under surface and legs pale dull yellow, the expansions of tibiae
thickly sprinkled with reddish dots. Antennae nearly as long as body,

4nGibson and Holdridge (1918a, 3) in their "Key to Genera of Anisoscelini" use
"Basal joint of antenna? equal to length of head or slightly longer" as the one char-
acter distinguishing Leptoglossus from the other genera. In at least two of our eastern
species, fulvicornis and corculus, this joint is distinctly shorter than head.

220 FAMILY VI. — COREID^.

joints 1 — 3 reddish-brown, 1 much longer than head, triquetrous, dis-
tinctly curved; 2 and 3 dilated and triquetrous at middle, slender at each
end, the edges of the dilated portions finely serrate; 4 paler, subfusiform,
almost as long as 3. Pronotum finely, rather closely, unevenly reticulate-
punctate; scutellum and elytra similarly but more coarsely punctate.
Length, 16 — 18 mm.

Palm Beach, Fla., June 14 (U. S. Nat. Mus.) . A West Indian
species recorded in this country only from Palm Beach, Geor-
giana and Key Largo, Fla. Easily known by the peculiar form
of antennal segments.

II. Leptoglossus Guerin, 1838, 174.

Elongate, subdepressed species having the head long, por-
rect, prolonged and narrowed in front of the bases of antennae;
eyes large, globose ; ocelli small, separated more widely from
one another than from the eyes; antennae with basal joint
stout, curved, subclavate, usually about as long as head, thickly
beset with short bristles, remaining joints more slender, the
third usually the shortest ; beak surpassing metasternum,
joints 1, 2 and 4 subequal, 3 shorter; bucculae short, narrow,
located opposite base of antennae; pronotum subhexagonal,
widest across the humeri, the sides thence strongly converging
to apex, which is less than half the greatest width, front por-
tion strongly declivent, the angle of humeri variable as to spe-
cies; scutellum triangular, about as broad at base as long;
apex of corium very long, oblique, sinuate, its outer angle
acute ; membrane slightly surpassing the abdomen, its veins
very numerous, many of them forked ; connexivum usually
widely exposed and reflexed, the dorsum thus concave beyond
the middle of elytra ; middle and hind coxae widely separated ;
femora spined beneath, the hind ones moderately swollen,
tuberculate above and on sides ; dilations of hind tibiae wide,
their margins more or less scalloped ; spiracles placed near the
middle of the ends of the ventral segments.

The genus is a large one, 23 species being recognized by Stal
(1870, 160) from North and South America. Nine are known
from the United States, six from east of the Mississippi.4'

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LEPTOGLOSSUS.

a. Pronotum coarsely rugosely punctate, its humeri very prominent,

"A single specimen of Leptoglossus balteatus (Fabr.), a Cuban species, labelled
"Florida.'' is in the U. S. National Museum collection. It is probably an adventive
Individual as no other record of its occurrence in this country can be found.

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^. 221

rounded, projected upward and outward; elytra without trace of
pale markings. 157. fulvicornis.

aa. Pronotum finely and evenly punctate, its humeri much less promi-
nent, but little projecting upward; elytra with narrow pale mark-
ings or cross band behind the middle.
b. Fourth joint of antennas equal to or shorter than third; outer di-
lation of hind tibiae not scalloped; beak reaching or passing mid-
dle of third ventral. 158. corculus.
bb. Fourth joint of antennae longer than third; outer dilation of hind
tibiae scalloped; beak not reaching third ventral.
c. Side margins of pronotum behind the humeri unarmed; elytra
with a very small oblique pale spot on nervure opposite the base
of membrane. 159. oppositus.
cc. Side margins of pronotum behind the humeri crenulate or toothed ;
elytra each with transverse orange or yellowish bar opposite
the base of membrane.
d. Hind angle of pronotum ending in a prominent spine; pronotum
with a curved transverse yellow line in front of middle.

160. GONAGRA.

dd. Hind angle of pronotum not spined; pronotum without pale
curved line.
e. Pronotum widely mai-gined with orange, the disk black; dila-
tion of hind tibiae confined to basal half; elytral cross-bar
orange. 161. ashmeadi.

ee. Pronotum without orange or pale margin; dilation of hind tibiae
reaching beyond middle; elytral cross-bar ivory-white.

162. PHYLLOPUS.

157 (249). Leptoglossus fulvicornis (Westwood), II, 1842, 17.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed above, convex beneath. Above dark
brown thinly clothed with fine appressed yellowish hairs; joints 2 — 4 of
antennae, tip of scutellum and incisures of connexivum dull yellow; under
surface brownish-yellow sparsely mottled with very small fuscous dots,
thickly clothed with short, prostrate yellowish pubescence; beak, front
and middle legs and hind tibiae beyond the dilation greenish-yellow; hind
femora and basal half of tibiae brown. Head very long, the triangular,
front portion subacute, reaching beyond middle of basal joint of antennae;
beak reaching to or beyond middle of third ventral ; antennae with basal
joint shorter than head, 2 — 4 very slender, second nearly one-half longer
than third, slightly longer than fourth. Pronotum with basal half more
than twice the width of apex; humeri broadly obtusely rounded, very
prominent, projecting upward and beyond the sides of elytra much as in
Acanthocephala declivis Say, their front and hind margins with short,
bluntly rounded teeth; disk coarsely rugosely punctate. Hind tibiae with
dilation of inner and outer sides conjointly oval, the inner one more
narrow, not extending beyond middle of tibiae, its margin with three or
four teeth; the outer wider and slightly longer with two small denticles
in male, two wide scallops in female. Length, 21 — 25 mm.; width, 7 —
9 mm.

222 FAMILY VI. — COREID^E.

Dunedin, Fla., April 20 (W.S.B.). Wilmington, N. Car.,
July 25 (Brimley). Spring Hill, Ala., March 12 (Gerhard). My
single specimen was taken while sweeping huckleberry and
other low shrubs. This, our largest species, ranges from
Massachusetts and New York west and southwest to Florida
and Alabama, but is nowhere common. Single specimens only
are known from Massachusetts and North Carolina, and the
only record for Florida given by Barber, is that of /.. magnolia
Heid., a synonym, based on a Florida specimen in the Na-
tional Museum.

158 (246). LEPTOGLOSSUS CORCULUS (Say), 1832, 12; I, 326.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed above, subconvex beneath. Dark red-
dish-brown, thinly clothed above, more thickly beneath, with fine ap-
pressed yellowish hairs ; head fuscous with three narrow, often inter-
rupted, reddish-brown lines; antennae with joints 1 and 4 partly or
wholly fuscous, 2 and 3 reddish-yellow; pronotum with irregular fuscous
markings; apex of scutellum, incisures of connexivum and some short,
zigzag lines on nervures of corium opposite base of membrane, dull yel-
low; under surface reddish-brown irregularly mottled with fuscous; legs
reddish-brown, the front and middle tibiae slightly paler. Head oblong,
convex, the narrowed apical portion obtuse, not reaching middle of basal
antennal joint; beak reaching fourth ventral; antennae relatively short
and stout, basal joint shorter than head, second one-half or more longer
than third, which is slightly longer than fourth. Pronotum but little
longer than head, humeri broadly rounded, their margins entire, disk with
surface uneven, finely and densely punctate. Scutellum with numerous
fine transverse ridges. Connexivum narrowly exposed. Hind femora
but little swollen, its spines rather stout, acute, feebly curved. Hind
tibia? with dilations conjointly lanceolate, the outer one reaching almost
to apex, its margin entire; the inner a little narrower and shorter, finely
toothed on apical half. Length, 16 — 19 mm.; width, 4.5 — 6 mm.

Rockaway Beach, Long Island, May 14 (Paris). Raleigh and
Southern Pines, N. Car., July — October (Brimley). Say's types
were from the St. John's River, Fla., and it has been recorded
from Ft. Myers and Miami, that State. While its known range
extends from New York to California, it is mostly southern as,
outside of New York, it has not been recorded in the east north
of southwestern Pennsylvania and Tennessee, though known
from Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. Uhler (1876, 298)
says that Ihe western specimens are paler colored than those
from the southeast and (1878, 383) that it is "remarkable for
the unusual breadth of the humeral rounding and belongs to
the group of species having the zigzag white band on disk of

SUBFAMILY II. — COREINjE. 223

corium." Brimley (1907, 440) reports having taken it near
Raleigh on November 10 and again March 1, under a log, ap-
parently hibernating.

159 (248). Leptoglossus oppositus (Say), 1832, 12; I, 327.

Elongate-oval ; subdepressed above, subconvex beneath. Dark red-
dish-brown, thickly clothed beneath with short silvery-gray pubescence,
very thinly above with fine yellowish hairs; head fuscous, with three

narrow paler lines; antennae reddish-
_ . brown, the terminal joint a little paler;
tip of scutellum, incisures of connexi-
vum and usually a short dash on oblique
nervure of corium, dull yellow; under
surface and legs pale reddish-brown, the
former mottled with numerous fuscous
dots. Head as in corculus; antenna?
longer and more slender, the basal joint
about as long as head; second two-thirds
longer than third, the latter shorter than
fourth. Pronotum with humeri and side
margins unarmed, the former obtusely
angled ; disk, as well as those of scutel-
lum and elytra, finely and densely punc-
tate. Hind femora relatively slender,
Fig. 44, X 2. (After Lugger). , . ,, , , • ,. ,

their teeth shorter and more inclined

than in corculus. Hind tibiae with dilations conjointly broadly oval,
reaching but little beyond middle of tibia?, the inner more narrow and
bearing a few teeth, the outer with two rather deep scallops. Length,
18—20 mm.; width, 5—6 mm. (Fig. 44).

Lake, Marion, Putnam, Vigo and Posey counties, Ind., scarce,
April 26 — Nov. 20; probably occurs sparingly throughout the
State. Found in summer on foliage along borders of woods and
thickets; in autumn on flowers of goldenrod and other Com-
positse. Single specimens were picked up from sidewalks near
the center of Indianapolis on Nov. 8 and 20. Dunedin
and Ft. Myers, Fla., scarce, Dec. 15 — March 4 (W.S.B.);
swept from low shrubs. Recorded by Barber only from Lake
Worth and probably very scarce throughout the State. One
of the Dunedin specimens has the white mark on corium zig-
zagged as in L. cor cuius Say, to which it is very closely allied, but
from which it is readily separated by the longer terminal joint
of antennae and shorter, scalloped dilations of hind tibiae.

This is our most common species in the North, its known
range extending from New York and New Jersey west to
northern Indiana and Minnesota, and southwest to Florida,

224 FAMILY VI. — COREIDjE.

Oklahoma, Texas and Mexico. In economic entomological lit-
erature it is known as the "northern leaf-footed plant-bug,"
and Chittenden (1902, 18) states that in the north it at times
becomes quite injurious to melons, squash and cucumbers and
that it punctures and sucks the juices of apricots, pears,
peaches and other fruits, causing them to become withered and
bear scars and markings of injury. It also punctures corn in
the milk and tomatoes and in the south is at times injurious to
cotton. The eggs are laid in single rows along the stems or
leaf ribs of the plants upon which the insects feed. They are
bronze-brown and quite similar in structure to those of Brochy-
mena quadripustulata (Fabr.), described on p. 99, the young
emerging by pushing up a small circular lid or trap door. They
hatch in about eight days and the nymphs, casting the skin
four times, become adult in from four to five weeks. The wild
food plant is as yet unknown, though Garman has taken the
nymphs in numbers at Lexington, Ky., on adam's needle. Yucca
filamentosa (L.).

160 (250). Leptoglossus gonagra (Fabricius), 1775, 708.

Elongate, subparallel. Head reddish-yellow with four black stripes,
two wide ones on middle, extending from base to apex and a narrower
one each side of eye, the latter extending back onto pronotal flanks ; pro-
notum with apical third reddish-brown, this hue bordered behind by a
wide curved coarsely punctate yellow line, basal third dark brown to
blackish; elytra dark reddish-brown, a small spot on each basal angle
and tip of scutellum, basal third of each connexival and usually a cross-
bar behind the commissure, dull yellow; membrane dark brown; front
and middle legs with femora reddish-brown, blackish beneath, their
tibiae each with two yellow rings; hind legs blackish, the middle third of
tibiae in part yellow; under surface reddish-yellow with six narrow brown
stripes; antennae black, the middle of joint 2, basal half of 3 and apical
half of 4 reddish-yellow. Hind femora subclavate, beset above with
numerous tubercles, beneath with five or six triangular teeth; outer ex-
pansion of tibiae with three smaller teeth, inner one irregularly serrate.
Length, 16 — 18 mm.

Brownsville, Tex., Aug. 10 (U. S. Nat. Mus.). A neotropical
species ranging from Florida south to Mexico, Brazil and Ar-
gentina. Recorded from Daytona and Cutler, Fla. Easily
known by the curved pale cross-bar of pronotum and spines of
the humeral angles. The cross-bar of elytra is often reduced
to two small spots similar to those on corium in oppositus.

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^E.

225

161 (251). Leptoglossus ashmeadi Heidemann, 1909, 237.

Elongate-oval, small for the genus, subdepressed above. Black,
shining; pronotum orange-yellow, the front margin, a convex trans-
verse bar behind it and a large elliptical area on elevated basal half
black; elytra with prominent orange cross-bar just behind the tips of
the clavi ; tip of scutellum and basal half of each connexival segment

orange; under surface orange-yellow,
the sixth ventral and genital plate
black; legs blue-black, the middle of
hind tibiae paler. Head elongate, con-
vex, the triangular front portion ob-
tuse, not reaching basal third of first
antennal; beak scarcely reaching hind
coxa?; antennae relatively stout; joint
1 curved, as long as head, 2 and 4 sub-
equal, each nearly one-half longer than
third. Pronotum with front margin
narrower than head, humeri prominent,
acute, projected slightly upward, their
hind margin finely toothed ; disk finely
and densely punctate, with minute
rugae between the punctures. Scutellum
with numerous fine transverse ridges.
Elytra finely and closely, confluently
punctate. Hind femora straight, cla-

Fig. 45, C3. (After Heidemann). yate> mQre swollen in the male> the

tubercles and teeth prominent. Dilations of hind tibiae as in oppositus but
a little shorter. Length, 14 — 16 mm.; width, 5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 45).

Dunedin, Fla., April 1 ; eight adults and several nymphs
beaten from a large bunch of mistletoe, Phoradendron flavescens
(Pursh.), on an oak tree growing in dry sandy upland. De-
scribed from St. Nicholas, Fla., and taken by Van Duzee at
Green Springs, these being the only recorded stations. None
of my examples show the narrow orange stripes on head men-
tioned by Heidemann. An easily recognized and very hand-
some species.

162 (244). Leptoglossus phyllopus (Linnaeus), 1767, 731.

Size and form of oppositus. Above chestnut-brown, thinly clothed
with very fine, short, appressed yellow hairs; three narrow stripes on
head, and front side margins of pronotum, dull yellow; joints 1 and 4
of antennae in part or wholly fuscous, 2 and 3 yellow; elytra with an
ivory-white cross-bar opposite base of membrane; tip of scutellum, in-
cisures of connexivum and several small spots on dilations of hind tibiae,
whitish-yellow; under surface reddish-brown mottled with numerous
blackish dots and thickly pubescent with short silvery-white hairs; legs

226

FAMILY VI. — COREID>E.

reddish-brown, the tibiae with a broad yellowish ring at middle. Head
three-fourths the length of pronotum, convex, the narrowed front portion
obtuse, reaching basal third of first antennal; beak reaching first ventral;

antenna? with basal joint stout, curved,
as long as head, 2 and 4 subequal, third
shorter. Pronotum with humeri promi-
nent, slightly projected upward, their
tips subacute and hind margin feebly
toothed ; disk finely and densely punc-
tate. Scutellum finely transversely
wrinkled. Elytra closely, finely punc-
tate. Connexivum very narrowly ex-
posed. Hind femora slender, subcla-
vate, the tubercles above and spines be-
neath relatively small. Hind tibiae with
dilations conjointly sublanceo'ate, the
inner much the narrower, reaching
middle of tibiae, its margin finely
toothed ; the outer reaching apical
third, its margin with two wide, rather
shallow scallops. Length, 18 — 20 mm. ;
width, 5.5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 46).

(After

Common throughout Florida ; taken by me at nearly all col-
lecting stations, Nov. 23 — April 15. Occurs in numbers in
spring in the axils of the leaves and on the heads of the yellow-
flowered thistle, Carduus spinossisimus Walt. Ranges from Long
Island, New York and Virginia south and southwest to Mis-
souri, Oklahoma, Arizona and Central America. It is much
more abundant in the southern states than is L. oppositus in the
north, and has been recorded by Chittenden (1899, 47) as do-
ing considerable damage to cotton bolls, cucurbs, potatoes,
peaches, oranges and other fruits. Brimley (1907, 440) has
taken it at Raleigh, N. Car., on yucca, asparagus and tomatoes.
Girault (1906, 382) has given an interesting account of its
methods of feeding on grapes. The Anisoscelis albicinctus Say
(I, 326) is a synonym.

Tribe III. LEPTOSCELINI Stal, 1867, 545.

Elongate-oval species having the head porrect, a little short-
er than or equal in length to pronotum, narrowed and pro-
duced forward between the bases of antennse, cheeks not ex-
ceeding tylus ; antennae slender, half the length of body ; beak
surpassing hind coxae, its first joint reaching base of head; buc-
culse less than half the length of head; femora all armed be-

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^. 227

neath, the spines of front and middle ones very small ; hind
tibiae simple.

Four genera are known from the Western Continent, two
from the United States ; of these one is represented by a single
neotropical species in southern Florida.

I. Phthia Stal, 1862, 294.

Species of medium size, having the head wider across the
eyes than front margin of pronotum, its narrowed front portion
short, obtusely rounded ; beak with joints 1 and 2 subequal, 4
longest, more than twice the length of 3 ; antennas with first
joint almost straight, as long as or slightly longer than head,
2 and 4 subequal, each about one-third longer than 3 ; pro-
notum subhexagonal, its front portion declivent and gradually
narrowed from humeri to apex, the latter with submargin im-
pressed to form a collar ; scutellum small, nearly equilateral ;
elytra as in preceding tribes, the outer apical angle of corium
scarcely reaching the middle of membrane, the latter slightly
surpassing abdomen, its veins simple ; femora slender, the hind
ones passing the abdomen.

Six species are known from tropical America, but one of
which extends northward into our territory.

163 (258). Phthia picta (Drury), 1770, 107.

Oblong-oval, depressed above, subconvex beneath. Above piceous or
fuscous-brown, thickly clothed with fine short yellowish appressed hairs;
a stripe on head behind each eye, the narrow side margins, and often two
transverse bars on disk of pronotum, basal half of costal border of elytra
and basal third of each connexival segment, reddish-yellow; antenna?
piceous-black; under surface piceous or dull red sprinkled with piceous
dots, thickly clothed with silvery-gray pubescence, the spiracles and some
spots on sternal pleura reddish-yellow; legs piceous, the front and middle
tibia? with a yellow ring at apical third. Pronotum with side margins
straight, finely toothed; humeri, either subacute or subtruncate; disk
finely and densely punctate. Elytra and scutellum similarly punctate.
Spiracles equally distant from front and hind margins of ventral seg-
ments. Other characters as under generic heading. Length, 14 — 16
mm.; width, 4 — 5 mm.

Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 11, on Solatium (Davis). Victoria,
Brazil (VanDuzee). Barber records it also from Big Pine Key,
Miami and Biscayne Bay, Fla. Our Florida form is the color va-
riety dispar (Fabr.). A neotropical species of wide distribution
and, on account of its great variations in the color and pattern

228 FAMILY VI. — COREID^E.

of markings of pronotum, with numerous synonyms. Known in
this country only from Florida, Texas and California. Uhler
(1876, 299) says that, "In the fresh full-colored varieties, the
bright orange bands of the pronotum contrast richly with the
vivid steel-blue of the ground color."

Tribe IV. MICTINI Stal, 1867, 535.

Coreids of medium or large size and usually broadly oval
form having the head short, broad, subquadrate, not produced
forward between the bases of antennae; beak short, stout, not
reaching middle coxae; tylus more or less compressed and de-
flexed between the antenniferous tubercles, the latter borne on
or forming the upper front portion of the cheeks, the space
between them rarely but little wider than the tubercles them-
selves ; pronotum with front side margins usually distinctly
toothed; femora, at least the hind ones, spined beneath.

The tribe is represented in tropical America by 20 or more
genera, and in the United States by seven. Of these members
of four are recorded from the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF MICTINI.

a. Antenniferous tubercles without a spine on the outer side, the space
between them filled by the convexity of tylus ; head not tuberculate
behind the eyes.
b. Truncate hind margin of pronotum not wider than base of scu-

tellum; hind femora of males not strongly swollen.

c. Abdomen subrhomboidal, widely dilated opposite middle of elytra,

the connexivum very broadly exposed. I. Mozena, p. 228.

cc. Abdomen elongate-oval, but slightly widened opposite middle of

elytra, the connexivum narrowly exposed. Capaneus.42

bb. Truncate hind margin of pronotum distinctly wider than base of

scutellum; hind femora of males strongly swollen.

II. Archimerus, p. 230.
act. Antenniferous tubercles spined on the outer side, the space between
them vacant; head with a distinct tubercle behind each eye.

III. EUTHOCHTHA, p. 233.

I. Mozena Amyot & Serville, 1843, 192.

Large, broadly oval depressed species having the head less
than half the length of pronotum, subquadrate ; tylus a little

'-While this genus is included in the key, the only species recorded from the
eastern states is the Lygoeus incubitor Fabr. (1794, 136). It was described from
"Carolina," was unknown to Stal (1870, 227) and is not at present represented in
any collection in the United States. It is not, therefore, considered farther in this
work. Two other species of the genus, described by Stal from Mexico, occur in the
southwestern states.

SUBFAMILY II. — COREINjE. 229

longer than cheeks, compressed and deflexed between them;
antennas stout, basal joint feebly curved, slightly longer than
head, 3 and 4 subequal, each about one-third shorter than 2,
which is the longest; beak very short and stout, but slightly
surpassing front coxae, its joints subequal; bucculae rather
wide, half the length of head, their edges parallel ; pronotum
with front side margins strongly converging from humeri to
apex, the latter less than one-third the greatest width, pos-
terior side margins sinuate from tip of humeri to the subtrun-
cate base, the latter not wider than scutellum, its lateral angles
obsolete; prosternum grooved behind front coxae, the groove
with margins elevated, enclosing the tip of beak ; femora short,
stout, armed beneath with a few short teeth, the hind ones
moderately swollen, their tips in female scarcely reaching fifth
ventral ; tibiae longer than femora, the hind ones feebly toothed
beneath ; spiracles placed nearer the front than hind margins
of ventral segments.

About a dozen species have been described from Tropical
America, five of which range northward into our southwestern
states. Our single eastern species belongs to the subgenus
Rhombogaster Dallas (1852, 379), characterized mainly by its
widely inflated subrhomboidal abdomen.

164 (266). Mozena obesa Montandon, 1899, 190.

Elongate or broadly oval, widest behind the middle of abdomen. Dark
reddish-brown; head and pronotum clouded with fuscous; antennae fus-
cous-brown; connexivum fuscous, its incisures in part paler; membrane
seal-brown the narrow tip yellowish-hyaline; abdomen with sides fus-
cous, the middle reddish-brown clouded with fuscous; sternal pleura uni-
form reddish-brown ; legs fuscous-brown. Pronotum with front side
margins sinuate, or subconcave, armed with short, bluntly rounded teeth;
humeri prominent, prolonged outward and a little upward, their tips sub-
acute; disk densely finely rugose, the punctures between the rugse each
enclosing a minute, white hair-like scale. Scutellum transverse'y rugose
and coarsely punctate. Elytra more finely and sparsely punctate, the
punctures each with a white scale. Abdomen widely inflated, the con-
nexivum broadly exposed and reflexed, the dorsum therefore appearing
deeply concave. Other characters as under generic heading. Length,
20—22 mm.; width, 7—8.5 mm.

Lakeland, Fla., March 2, beaten from bunches of Spanish
moss {IV. S. B.). Described from "Florida" and listed by Bar-
ber from Jacksonville and Enterprise. Not recorded outside of
that State.

230 FAMILY VI. — COREIDJE.

II. Archimerus Burmeister, 1835, 321.

Oblong-oval species of medium size having the head sub-
quadrate, about as wide as long; tylus slightly longer than
cheeks, deflexed and filling the space between the bases of an-
tennas; beak reaching middle of mesosternum, joints 1, 2 and 4
subequal, 3 shorter; bucculse short, wide, their margins
rounded; antennas short, the basal joint stout, feebly curved,
twice as long as head ; 2 — 4 more slender, the second one-half
longer than third, the latter equal to or a little shorter than
fourth, all strongly beset with bristly hairs ; pronotum subhex-
agonal, the apex less than half the greatest width, the posterior
side margins sinuate, forming a distinct angle with the square-
ly truncate base, the latter wider than scutellum ; connexivum
widely exposed; membrane scarcely reaching tip of abdomen,
its veins numerous, crowded, mostly forked ; front femora
armed beneath near apex with two prominent spines ; hind ones
of male strongly swollen, armed beneath with several large
spines ; hind tibias of female slender, cylindrical, feebly spined
beneath ; of male, stouter, somewhat compressed, curved at
middle and there armed beneath with two very stout spines,
beyond these to apex with numerous smaller ones ; spiracles
placed near the front margins of the ventrals. Genital plate
of males elliptical, convex, almost vertical.

Six species are known, four from the United States, three of
which have been recorded from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ARCHIMERUS.

a. Antennae stout, less than half the length of body.
b. Connexivum uniform reddish-brown; femora without erect bris-
tly hairs. 165. calcarator.
bb. Connexivum distinctly alternated throughout with yellow and fus-
cous spots; femora with numerous erect blackish bristly hairs.

166. alternatus.

aa. Antenna? more slender, slightly more than half the length of body;

front angles of second and third connexivals only with a small

pale spot. 167. ashmeadi.

165 (270). Archimerus calcarator (Fabricius), 1803, 192.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed, widest behind midd1^ of abdomen. Pale
reddish-brown throughout, the membrane slightly darker; very thinly
pubescent with short scale-like silvery gray hairs. Head broader across
the eyes than long; beak slender, but slightly surpassing front coxa?, its
first joint nearly twice the length of buccula?, the latter short, oval. Pi-o-

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN.E.

231

notum subhexagonal, front side margins feebly sinuate, armed with very
short blunt teeth; humeri prominent, broadly rounded, their margins en-
tire; disk with a vague longitudinal median impression, the basal two-
thirds densely rather coarsely punctate, with fine transverse rugae be-
tween the punctures. Scutellum with similar sculpture. Elytra finely,
sparsely irregularly punctate. Abdomen rather widely inflated, the con-
nexivum broadly exposed and reflexed. Hind femora of female rather
slender, armed beneath with two rows of short tubercle-like teeth ; of
male strongly swollen without bristly hairs and with very minute tu-
bercles above, the median tooth on inner edge of lower surface much
longer and stouter than the others. Hind tibiae compressed, those of
female straight, armed beneath with numerous short teeth; of male as
described under generic heading. Length, 18 — 21 mm.; width, 6 — 7.5 mm.

Sanford and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 29 — April 12. Recorded
from numerous stations in Florida and probably occurs
throughout the State. About Dunedin it hibernates beneath
piles of weeds and other cover and in spring occurs especially
on flowers of the dwarf papaw, Asimina parviflora Michx., and
other low shrubs. The females are much the more numerous.
One of them, taken in November, has the margins of pronotum
and sides of abdomen tinged with fuscous. The membrane has
a very handsome silken-bronzed lustre. Described from ''Caro-
lina" and correctly recorded since only from Florida, though
doubtless of wider range in the southern states.

166 (271). Archimerus alternatus
(Say), 1825, 317; II, 243.

Form and size of A. calcarator.
Dull clay-yellow, marked with fuscous
punctures ; membrane fuscous-brown ;
antennae and femora tinged with fus-
cous ; connexivum fuscous or dark
brown, the basal third of each segment
dull yellow. Beak a little longer than
in calcarator, reaching middle of meso-
sternum; bucculae longer and narrower
than there. Antennae with basal joint
stouter, equal in length to joint 2, 3 and
4 shorter, subequal. Pronotum as in cal-
carator, the disk without transverse
rugae as there, but with the larger
punctures sparsely unevenly placed,
each surrounded by a feebly calloused
ring. Hind femora of male a little
shorter, more swollen, its upper side
with bristly hairs and more prominent

232 FAMILY VI. — COREHLE.

tubercles ; of female with teeth below fewer, the two or three on apical
third of each margin longer and stouter than those preceding. Length,
16—21 mm.; width, 6—7 mm. (Fig. 47).

Vigo, Lawrence and Crawford counties, Ind., scarce, April
9— Sept. 18; R. P. Park, Fla., March 26 (W. S. B.) . Not before
recorded from the latter State. Occurs on foliage of black-
berry and other shrubs along wooded hillsides and borders of
thickets. One just emerged as adult was taken April 19 on a
red oak tree. Ranges from New Jersey and North Carolina
south to Florida and west to Colorado and Oklahoma. It ap-
pears to be nowhere common and nothing regarding its food
habits has been published.

Stal (1870, 137) erroneously made this species a synonym
of calcarator (Fabr.). In this he was followed by Uhler and
other American authors until Van Duzee (1909, 159) pointed
out in part the differences between the two. This author stated,
however, that calcarator is smaller than alternatus. That is true
only of the males, and the difference in size is not great in that
sex. All Indiana females of alternatus are a little shorter with
body distinctly narrower and abdomen less inflated than in
Florida females of calcarator. The two species are easily sep-
arated by the characters given above in key and in the descrip-
tion of alternatus.

167 (273). Archimerus ashmeadi Montandon, 1899, 194.

"Dull brownish-yellow tinged with clear brown. Antennae rather
slender, slightly more than half the length of body, joints 1 — 3 clothed
with fine silken hairs, 1 and 2 subequal, 3 two-thirds the length of 2,
4 slightly paler, about as long as 2. Pronotum with front side margins
straight, their apical two-thirds with small tubercles, lateral angles well
rounded, projecting outward beyond sides of base of scutellum; basal
margin truncate in front of scutellum; disk with impressed punctures
darker, the intervals between them smooth and calloused. Scutellum
rather sparsely punctate. Elytral punctures dark, deeper and coarser
on clavus, those of corium more sparse, each surrounded by a small
smooth area; membrane shining, concolorous with corium. Abdomen
well rounded, distinctly wider than pronotum; front angles of connexivals
2 and 3 with a small pale spot, hind angles of 4 and 5 ending in a minute
spine. Male with hind femora thickened, with three small tubercles on
upper surface and two rows of small spines beneath; tibiae curved and
with a rather large tooth near middle, the apical half serrate within.
Female with hind femora but slightly swollen, toothed beneath, tibiae
straight without teeth. Head, front of pronotum, sternum and legs
clothed with a short grayish pubescence. Length, 19.5 — 20 mm.; width
of pronotum, 6.5 — 6.8 mm.; of abdomen, 8.8 — 9.3 mm."

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^.

233

The preceding is a free translation of the original description
of Montandon. His types were from Florida and of them he
said: "Received from W. H. Ashmead under the name of A.
calcarator Fab. to which they are related in general form but be-
sides the very notable difference in color, they differ by the an-
tennae, which are plainly longer and more slender."

III. Euthochtha Mayr, 1865, 431.

Elongate-oval species of medium size having the head short,
subquadrate, broader across the eyes than the apex of prono-
tum ; antenniferous tubercles prominent, extending much be-
yond the tylus, the space between them, therefore, emarginate
or unfilled, armed on the outer side with a small blunt spine;
antennae slender, the basal joint but little swollen, twice as long
as head, 2 and 3 more slender, the second the longer, 4 stouter,
fusiform, bristly, slightly shorter than 3 ; beak reaching middle
coxae, joints 2 and 4 subequal, basal joint longer, twice the
length of bucculae; pronotum with front angles produced as a
short tooth, front side margins armed with small tubercles or
blunt teeth, truncate basal margin wider than scutellum, its
lateral angles obtuse ; connexivum widely exposed, more so in
female, where the hind angles of its last two segments are
prolonged and the last dorsal deeply and widely emarginate,

the tip of abdomen in that sex
therefore appearing serrate ;
membrane reaching tip of ab-
domen, its veins in part anas-
tomosing, in part forked; fe-
mora all armed beneath, the
hind ones of male curved, mod-
., erately swollen, tuberculate

if* Jm^^^Wk ^*s\ above; tibiae simple, straight in

both sexes; spiracles placed
nearer the front than hind mar-
gins of ventral segments. One
species is known.

168 (276). Euthochtha galeator
(Fabricius), 1803, 191.
Elongate-oval, depressed above,
Fig. 48. male x 2V-. (Original). subconvex beneath. Above dull clay-

yellow or reddisb-brown, thickly marked with fuscous punctures; an-
tennas reddish-brown or dull yellow, the terminal joint darker; connexi-

234 FAMILY VI. — COREIDjE.

vum reddish-brown, the margins of segments fuscous, irregularly mottled
with yellow; membrane seal-brown or fuscous-brown; under surface and
legs clay-yellow or reddish-brown, sprinkled with fuscous dots, the hind
tibia? paler, immaculate. Pronotum with humeri prominent, rounded,
their margins crenulate; disk finely, unevenly not densely punctate. Scu-
tellum finely transversely rugose. Elytra punctate like pronotum, each
puncture enclosing a minute yellowish scale. Other characters as above
given. Length, 15 — 17 mm.; width, 5 — 6.5 mm. (Fig. 48).

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the southern
counties, April 10 — Oct. 1. Occurs in summer and autumn on
the foliage of shrubs and leaves along the slopes of hills and
borders of thickets and roadsides. One was taken April 10
from beneath a log on the margin of a sandy cultivated field, so
that it may hibernate as imago. Occurs throughout Florida,
having been taken by me at all collecting stations except Cape
Sable, Key West and Chokoloskee, and listed from numerous
others. About Dunedin it occurs in spring most frequently on
sedges and weeds along the margins of lakes and ponds. The
Florida specimens are more reddish-brown, less mottled with
fuscous and with membrane paler than those from Indiana, the
ground color of the latter being dull clay-yellow, the membrane
dark fuscous-brown. Its known range is from New England
west to Wisconsin and Illinois, south and southwest to Florida,
Kansas and Texas. Nothing regarding its native food plants
can be found in available literature.

Tribe V. MENENOTINI Bergroth, 1913b, 147.

Large broadly oval or elongate oval species having the head
quadrate, wider than long; cheeks and tylus equal, abruptly
strongly deflexecl ; antenniferous tubercles prominent, without
spine at sides, the space between them narrow, unfilled ; beak
short, but slightly surpassing front coxae; abdomen more or
less inflated, the connexivum widely exposed and reflexed, the
dorsum therefore appearing strongly concave ; legs short,
slender, all the femora and tibia? unarmed ; hind coxse sepa-
rated by a space equal to their distance from the margins of
the body.

Since the genus Mencnotus Laporte (1832, 42) is the oldest of
the five genera belonging to the tribe, the tribal name, as
pointed out by Bergroth, should be that above given, not
Corecorini as used by Van Duzee (1917, 97). Two of the genera
are represented in our territory.

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^. 235

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OP MENENOTINI.

a. Veins of membrane distinctly and irregularly anastomosing; prono-
tum with disk subdepressed, the humeri prominent and reflexed or
projected upward; abdomen very widely inflated, the body widest
behind the middle. I. Corecoris, p. 235.

cm. Veins of membrane forked, not anastomosing; pronotum with disk
convex, the humeri not prominent or reflexed ; abdomen much less
inflated, the body elongate-oval. II. Sephina, p. 236.

I. Corecoris Hahn, 1834, 14.

Large, broadly oval depressed species, having the body
widest behind the middle; antennse less than half the length
of body, the basal joint curved, fourth not longer than third ;
bucculae very wide, their margins overlapping above basal joint
of beak; pronotum with disk uneven, humeri prominent,
rounded, prolonged outward and a little upward, front side
margins sinuate, their edge uneven but not dentate, posterior
side margins rounded into the subtruncate base; abdomen
widely dilated with sides broadly rounded and reflexed ; elytra
much narrower than abdomen ; membrane reaching the tip
of the latter ; metasternal pleura with hind margin broadly
rounded. Other characters as under tribal heading.

About a dozen nominal species are known, all from tropical
America, two of which are recorded from the United States
and our territory. They have in the past been mostly recorded
under the generic name Spartocera Lap.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OP CORECORIS.

a. Antenna? more slender, reaching behind base of pronotum, the first
joint distinctly longer than head; joints 2 — 4 subequal.

169. FUSCUS.

act. Antennse shorter, more swollen, scarcely reaching base of pronotum,

the first joint but little longer than head; joints 2 and 3 subequal,

4 one-third shorter. 170. diffusus.

169 (277). Corecoris fuscus (Thunberg), 1783, 44.

Broadly oval, depressed above, subconvex beneath, widest behind the
middle of abdomen. Above dull clay-yellow or brownish-yellow; antennae
black or fuscous; pronotum with apex and front side margins fuscous,
disk with two rather wide black lines converging and uniting in front;
base of scutellum often blackish ; connexivum alternated with black and
reddish yellow, in old specimens often vaguely so; under surface black
mottled with reddish-yellow; legs blackish, the coxae and knees reddish-
yellow. Structural characters as in key and under generic heading.
Length, 20 — 24 mm.; width, 6.5 — 8 mm. y

Dunedin, Gulfport, Sarasota, Ft. Myers and Lake Okeecho-
bee, Fla., Nov. 17 — July 22; Orizaba, Mexico, Aug. 1 (IV.

236 FAMILY VI. — COREIDjE.

S.B.). Recorded from numerous stations in southern Florida
and as far north as Lake City. Found on weeds and fences in
or about gardens or margins of orange groves and cultivated
fields; also beneath rubbish. Known in this country only from
Florida, Arizona and California. Stal (1870, 174) made Say's
Coreus confluentus, described (1832, 11) from Mexico, a synonym
of fitsats, but Van Duzee (1909, 159) dissented, stating that
"it is sufficiently distinct to be given specific rank," but not
giving any separating characters. Specimens from Orizaba,
Mexico, named fuscus for me by Uhler, show no structural
differences separating them from what has been called C. con-
fluentus from Florida. Barber (1923a, 18) gives it as his
opinion that the two are the same and they are therefore com-
bined under the older name.

170 (278). Corecoris diffusus (Say), 1832, 11; I, 325.

Broadly oval, depressed above, convex beneath, widest behind the
middle. Dark brown or fuscous; scutellum in part or wholly blackish;
elytra dull brownish-yellow; connexivum reddish-brown or paler, the
upper basal angle of each segment darker; under surface in great part
fuscous, the margins of abdomen and propleura sometimes dull reddish-
yellow; antenna?, beak and legs fuscous-black, the coxae and base of
femora often paler. Antenna? as described in key, the joints very hairy.
Pronotum with front half strongly declivent, its side margins straight or
nearly so, their edge roughened; humeri very broadly rounded, their
margins entire; disk with more or less matted pubescence and fine trans-
verse rugae almost concealing the small scattered punctures. Abdomen
widely dilated, the connexivum very broadly exposed. Length, 17 — 20
mm. ; width, 7 — 8 mm.

Southern Pines, N. Car., July 6 — Sept. 7 (Brimley). De-
scribed from Savannah, Ga., its known range extending from
North Carolina to Texas and New Mexico. Uhler and Van
Duzee have recorded it from Florida without definite station.
Uhler wrongfully placed it as a synonym of C. cinnamomeus
Hahn (1833, 15), a Brazilian species. C. diffusus is easily dis-
tinguished from fuscus by its darker color, lack of black lines
on pronotum, different relative lengths of antennal joints and
straight sides of front half of pronotum, the humeri being less
projected upward.

II. Sephina Amyot & Serville, 1843, 185.

Elongate-oval species of medium size, having the head very
short, convex; beak reaching nearly to middle coxae; bucculas

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN.-E. 237

short, wide, not overlapping base of beak ; antennae nearly half
the length of body, joints 1, 2 and 4 subequal, 3 shortest;
pronotum convex, its disk with a median lengthwise impressed
line; abdomen with sides subparallel, not suddenly widely in-
flated, the connexivum rather widely exposed ; membrane as
in generic key; hind margin of metasternal plate straight.
Female with median and lateral apical genital plates large,
subequal, porrect, acute, and in connection with acute angles
of sixth ventral, giving the tip of abdomen a strongly serrated
appearance. Genital plate of male broadly scoop-shaped. Other
characters as under tribal heading.

Nine nominal species are recorded by Stal (1870, 177) from
tropical America, and three by Van Duzee from the United
States. Of these he lists two from Florida, one of these, 6".
gundlachi (Guer.), a Cuban species, only on the "Fla." record
of the Banks Catalogue. No definite accurate record of its
occurrence in Florida can be found, and it is therefore not here-
with included.

171 (281). Sephina grayi Van Duzee, 1909a, 232.

Elongate-oval, depressed above, convex beneath. Color orange-yel-
low and black. Head black with an oblique line behind each eye, yellow;
antenna?, a large median semicircular spot on basal half of pronotum,
extreme tips of humeri, scutellum, membrane and a rounded spot on each
connexival segment, black; elsewhere above orange-yellow; under sur-
face orange-yellow, the pleura each with a large black spot, that of
propleura circular, the others subquadrate, prolonged within; ventrals
each with a subcircular black spot near each basal angle and opposite
these, within, a larger irregular one prolonged toward middle along the
base of the segment; beak and legs, genital plate of male and basal
genital plates of female, black. Pronotum very finely and densely punc-
tate, the black spot on base with scattered coarse punctures intermingled
with the fine ones. Scutellum and elytra finely and densely punctate,
each fine puncture of the upper surface bearing a minute erect hair.
Other structural characters as under generic heading. Length, 16 — 18
mm. ; width, 6 — 7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 20 — April 6. On the former date 44 adults
and two nymphs were beaten from a large mass of the dead
stems of the slender twining milkweed, Metastelma scoparium
Nutt., near the margin of a wet densely wooded hammock and
it has since been taken on several occasions from the same
plant. On the latter date three were beaten from elder near
the same place. Described from "Florida," and recorded by
Barber from Miami and Georgiana. Not known outside of that

238 FAMILY VI. — COREIDjE.

State. Of it Van Duzee (loc. cit.) says: "This large showy-
insect seems to be strictly intermediate between dorsalis White
and gundlachi Guer. From the former it differs most conspicu-
ously by the alternated connexivum and from the latter by
the unicolorous corium."

Tribe VI. CHARIESTERINI Stal, 1867, 546.

Slender elongate species having the head short, quadrate ;
antenniferous tubercles prominent, spined above, the spines
oblique, acute on inner side ; antennae with first joint stout,
feebly curved, usually thickened toward apex, third joint
widely dilated ; pronotum with humeri prominent, spinose ; hind
coxae separated by a space more narrow than that between
them and sides ; femora all armed beneath near apex with a
short spine; tibiae slender, simple. The tribe comprises three
genera, two confined to tropical America, the other represented
in the United States.

I. Chariesterus Laporte, 1832, 44.

Elongate slender-bodied species possessing the characters of
the tribe and having the head without a tubercle behind the
eyes; antenniferous tubercles subcontiguous, their spines con-
verging, obliquely truncate and acuminate; first joint of anten-
na? of nearly equal thickness throughout, somewhat three-
sided, the edges of basal half dentate; beak reaching middle
coxae, its joints subequal, the basal one stoutest ; bucculae short,
wide, subtriangular ; pronotum with front margin not im-
pressed behind to form a collar, its side margins dentate and
humeri with short spine ; membrane reaching tip of abdomen,
its veins rather few, forked and irregularly anastomosing;
connexivum narrowly exposed ; meso- and metasterna rather
deeply sulcate ; genital plate of male scoop-shaped.

Six species are known, three from the United States, one of
which occurs in our territory.

172 (283). Chariesterus antennator (Fabricius), 1803, 198.

Elongate, slender, depressed above, subconvex beneath. Dark brown,
thinly clothed with short appressed brownish-yellow hairs, in fresh
specimens more densely beneath with a whitish bloom; dilation of third
antennal, spines along edges of pronotum, margins of abdomen, beak
and tarsi, fuscous. Antennae with basal joint twice or more the length
of head, second one-third shorter, third with apical half dilated to

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^.

239

form a thin oval plate, fourth fusi-
form, shortest. Pronotum strongly
declivent, its apex one-half the width
of base; humeri with front and hind
margins toothed, the tip ending in a
short acute spine; posterior side mar-
gins smooth, basal one feebly concave.
Length, 11 — 14 mm.; width, 3 — 4 mm.
(Fig. 49).

Found throughout Indiana but
nowhere common ; April 5 — Nov.
5. Occurs usually singly on
flowers and foliage of jersey-tea,
milkweed and various plants
along fence rows, margins of
thickets and roadsides. On Sept.
29 it was once taken in some
pig. 49, x s. (Original). numbers from tall grass and

dwarf willows along the edges of a wet prairie in Vigo County.
Dunedin, Caxambus and Cape Sable, Fla., Nov. 19 — March 21.
At Cape Sable it was taken in March by sweeping herbage in
a cocoanut grove near the edge of the ocean beach ; while about
Dunedin it occurs in spring on low shrubs in open pine woods.
It is recorded from a dozen or so stations in southern Florida
and probably occurs sparingly throughout the State. The
specimens from Cape Sable and other points are smaller,
darker, the sides of pronotum with fewer denticles and the
humeral spine slightly longer than those from Indiana, and
perhaps indicate a southern race. The nymph of the last instar
is a very curious echinose creature; the head, pronotum and
margins of the entire body being armed with numerous long
forked or serrate spines.

The known range of C. antennator extends from Staten Island,
New York and New Jersey, west to Michigan and Colorado and
south and southwest to Florida, Oklahoma and Texas. The
types of Fabricius were from "Carolina" and he mistook the
antenniferous tubercles for joints and described the second
joint of antennae as being scabrous and the fourth as clavi-
form. This caused Say (I, 323) to describe it anew as Gonocerus
ditbius, a synonym. Uhler (1877, 405) says that: "It often
occurs upon bushes in the Atlantic region in localities adjoin-
ing open woods, and about groves of trees in the low meadows.

240 FAMILY VI. — COREIDjE.

When fresh and not weather-beaten it is thickly powdered
beneath with a white mealy substance. Occasionally it occurs
upon goldenrod, in the pollen and flowers of which it deeply
buries itself so as to be almost out of sight." Ashmead (1895,
320) found it common near Utica, Miss., in the cotton fields
where it was feeding on the juices of the plant. He describes
the egg as triquetrous, of a golden-bronze color with fine
hexagonal reticulations and 1 mm. in length. This is the only
mention found of its being injurious to plant life. In the sand
regions of northwestern Illinois Hart found it frequently in
August on the flowering spurge, Euphorbia corollata L. It and
Chondrocera laticornis Lap. are the only ones of our eastern Het-
eroptera having one or more of the antennal joints widely
dilated.

Tribe VII. CHELINIDINI tribus nov.

Oblong-oval species of medium size having the head sub-
cylindrical, porrect, three-fourths or more the length of prono-
tum, narrowed and produced forward in front of bases of an-
tennae, not calloused behind the eyes; cheeks porrect, shorter
than tylus, their tips subconical or subacute, tylus strongly
deflexed between them; antenniferous tubercles small, widely
separated ; antennae stout, reaching apex of scutellum, basal
joint swollen, curved, subclavate, half the length of head,
2 and 3 triquetrous, subequal, fourth shortest, fusiform ; beak
reaching or surpassing hind coxae; femora all armed beneath
on apical half ; tibiae simple, three-sided ; spiracles equally
distant from the apical and front and hind margins of the
ventrals.

Stal (1870, 180), followed by Van Duzee in his Catalogue,
has placed the genus Chelinidea Uhler under the tribe Coreini,
but it does not run there by Stal's key in his Bidrag, and the
elongated head, porrect cheeks, armed femora and triquetrous
second and third antennal joints and tibiae preclude its belong-
ing there. I have therefore founded for it a new tribe.

I. Chelinidea Uhler, 1863a, 365.

In addition to the tribal characters above set forth, the
species of this genus have the ocelli separated by a space
greater than that between them and the eyes ; bucculae about
one-third the length of basal joint of beak, their margin

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^E. 241

rounded and acute behind ; beak with joint 1 stout, slightly
longer than head, 2 as long as 3 and 4 united, the third short-
est ; pronotum subhexagonal, the posterior side margin ill
defined, rounding into the subtruncate basal margin, humeri
rounded, not prominent, front side margins feebly sinuate,
entire, their edges reflexed; corium with veins prominent, the
median one forked ; membrane a little shorter than abdomen,
its veins numerous, mostly simple, a few forked ; connexivum
broadly exposed; hind femora thickened, subclavate, armed
beneath on apical half with two rows of short spines; sixth
ventral in female broadly and deeply emarginate, the basal
plates of genital segment very large, wholly covering the
median one ; genital plate of male scoop-shaped.

Two species are known, one occurring in our territory, the
other in the southwestern states.

173 (288). Chelinidea vittiger Uhler, 1863a, 366.

Oblong-oval, depressed above, subeonvex beneath. Bright clay-yel-
low, glabrous; head, and antennae brownish-fuscous, the former with a
rather broad median yellowish stripe; front and basal margins of prono-
tum, scutellum usually and membrane, fuscous-brown or darker; elytra
dull yellow, thickly marked with fuscous punctures, the basal half of
costal margin and veins yellow; connexivum yellow, immaculate; under
surface uniform yellow; legs and joints 2 — 4 of beak blackish-brown,
basal joint of beak dusky yellow. Head with postocular spine reduced
to a blunt tubercle. Pronotum finely and densely granulate-punctate,
the humeral angles lower than the intervening parts and with a slight
tubercle within; disk somewhat uneven, the apex about one-half the
greatest width. Scutellum finely transversely wrinkled and granulate-
punctate. Elytra finely rather closely and evenly punctate. Front and
middle femora each with two or three short spines on the inner lower
margin near apex, and one or two on the outer. Length, 13 — 15 mm.;
width, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Southern Pines, N. Car., September — December (Brimley).
Ranges in the east from Virginia southwest to Georgia and
Louisiana; in the west from Colorado and Texas to Arizona
and California. Recorded from Quebec by Provancher (1886,
55), but the single specimen taken was probably adventive.
Uhler (1872, 401) says that in Texas "it infests a species of
prickly-pear, Opuntia, sometimes in considerable numbers," and
it has been taken in Colorado and New Mexico from the same
plants. The color of the elytra varies considerably, due to the
greater or less density of the fuscous punctures. McAtee
(1919, 12) has given our eastern form a quadrinomial name,
viz., C. v. crquoris, var. artuatra.

242 FAMILY VI. — COREID;£.

Tribe VIII. COREINI Stal, 1867, 547.

Oblong-oval or elongate species of small or medium size
having the head subquadrate or subtriangular, porrect, less
than half the length of pronotum, narrowed and produced a
little forward in front of bases of antennae; tylus equalling or
slightly surpassing cheeks and with them more or less de-
clivent or deflexed between the antenniferous tubercles, the
latter well separated, not prominent; antennae slender, joints
2 and 3 cylindrical, 4 shortest; beak slender, not reaching hind
coxae, joints 1, 2 and 4 subequal, 3 shorter; pronotum sub-
hexagonal, its margins usually entire ; legs slender, the femora
usually unarmed ; tibiae simple, cylindrical ; spiracles usually
nearly equally distant from the apical and hind margins of
the ventral segments.

Stal (1867, 547) included under his Coreida (Coreini) 20
American genera and one has since been founded by Uhler. Of
these Van Duzee recognized 11 from the United States, and
also wrongfully included with them Chelinidea Uhler, separated
above. Of the 11, five are represented in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF COREINI.

a. Hind femora armed beneath with several spines; body elongate; legs
very short, the hind femora not surpassing the fourth ventral.

I. Namacus, p. 243.
aa. Hind femora unarmed;4- body -oblong or oblong-oval; legs longer,
the hind femora passing the fourth ventral.
b. Veins of the membrane very fine and numerous, everywhere ir-
regularly anastomosing; tylus elevated and compressed above the
cheeks to form a keel between the bases of antennae; length, 9 —
11mm. II. Marcus, p. 243.

66. Veins of the membrane fewer, much coarser, simple or a little
forked ; tylus not elevated and compressed above the cheeks.
c. Beak almost reaching or surpassing middle coxa?, its first joint
extending beyond hind border of eyes; front side margins of
pronotum entire or nearly so.
d. Head very broad, subdepressed, the eyes projecting outward dis-
tinctly beyond apical angle of pronotum; ocelli separated by
a space nearly twice that between them and the eyes ; spiracles
placed nearer the side margins of ventrals than from either
the front or hind margins; smaller, not over 12 mm.

III. Catorhintha, p. 244.

dd. Head narrower and more convex, the eyes not or but slightly

projected outward beyond apical angle of pronotum; ocelli

separated by a space about equal to that between them and

^Except rnrely in Anafta.

SUBFAMILY II. — CORELNLE. 243

eyes; spiracles equally distant from side, front and hind mar-
gins of ventrals; larger, 13 or more mm. IV. Anasa, p. 248.
cc. Beak scarcely surpassing front coxa?, its basal joint not extended
beyond hind border of eyes; pronotum with side margins feebly
toothed, its collar distinct; length, 13 or more mm.

V. Cimolus, p. 253.

I. Namacus Amyot & Serville, 1843, 242.

Differs from the other genera of the tribe in its longer, more
parallel body, shorter legs and armed hind femora. From its
nearest ally, Margus, also by the long simple or slightly forked
veins of membrane. One of the three known species occurs
in Florida.

174 (291). Namacus annulicornis Stal, 1870, 186.

Elongate, subparallel. Head, pronotum and scutellum dull red,
thickly marked with fuscous punctures; clavus and corium dark reddish-
brown, and with similar punctures, their veins paler; membrane dark
brown, feebly bronzed; under surface smooth, bright orange red; tarsi
fuscous. Antennae dark brown, joints 2 and 3 each with a pale ring
near base; 1 stoutest, curved, about as long as head; 2 and 3 cylindrical,
2 one-third longer than 1, 3 about two-thirds the length of 2, 4 fusiform,
three-fourths as long as 3. Pronotum with sides straight, front angles
slightly prolonged, hind ones obtusely rounded, disk finely and deeply
punctate, the punctures in irregular transverse rows. Membrane long,
reaching or slightly surpassing tip of abdomen. Connexivals with hind
angles prolonged. Hind tibia? deeply grooved above. Tarsal claws
strongly divaricate. Length, 13 — 15 mm.

Ft. Myers, Fla., April 23 (Paris). Recorded also from
Enterprise and St. Petersburg, Fla. Described from Mexico.
The records are very few and none of them contain mention
of its habits.

II. Margus Dallas, 1852, 523.

Rather small, oblong-oval glabrous species having the head
as under tribal heading, calloused behind the eyes ; ocelli sepa-
rated by a space subequal to their distance from the eyes ; beak
reaching middle coxse ; pronotum subhexagonal, one-half wider
across the humeri than long, front side margins feebly sinuate,
slightly reflexed, the front angle ending in a short tooth,
humeri obtusely rounded, posterior side margins short, sinu-
ate ; elytra with veins prominent, the apex of corium straight,
oblique, its outer angle obtuse ; connexivum widely exposed, its
margins broadly curved; apex of dorsum broadly rounded,

244 FAMILY VI. — COREIDjE.

entire, projecting beyond the scoop-shaped genital plate in
male, in female narrowly produced, emarginate, and, in con-
nection with the apical angles of the two preceding segments,
causing the apical third of abdomen to appear coarsely serrate.
Twelve species are recognized by Stal (1870, 184) as occur-
ring in tropical America, two of which extend northward into
this country. One is found in the eastern states.

175 (290). Margus obscurator (Fabricius), 1803, 200.

Oblong or oblong-oval, depresed above, subconvex beneath. Dull
grayish-yellow thickly marked with small fuscous punctures; antennas
reddish-brown, the basal and terminal joints slightly darker; margins of
pronotum and connexivum and nervures of elytra sprinkled with fus-
cous dots ; membrane bronzed-brown ; dorsum of abdomen wholly or in
great part black; under surface and legs greenish-yellow sprinkled with
reddish dots, the sides of ventrals 1 — 5 each with a small round black
spot. Antenna? with basal joint stout, curved, granulose, subcylindrical,
narrowed at base, two-thirds or more the length of head ; 2 and 3 slender,
subequal ; 4 stouter, fusiform, two-thirds the length of 3. Outer side
of antenniferous tubercles with apex acutely produced. Pronotum with
disk finely, evenly, not densely punctate, the humeri slightly tuberculate
within. Scutellum and elytra similarly punctured, each puncture bear-
ing a minute rounded yellowish scale. Other characters as under tribal
and generic headings. Length, 9 — 11 mm.; width, 3 — 3.7 mm.

Ormond, Moore Haven, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 6 —
April 27. Recorded from five additional stations between Big
Pine Key and Jacksonville, and probably occurs sparingly along
or near the coasts of the State. It was originally described
from Rio Janeiro and the first specimens known from the
United States were taken by me from flowers of thistle and
Senecio at Ormond, Fla., and recorded (1902, 225) as Margus
inornatus Stal, it having been so identified for me by Van Duzee.
About Dunedin it occurs in some numbers in early spring on
tall grasses and low shrubs in old fields and open pine wood-
lands and is also occasionally taken at light. Van Duzee
(1909, 160) found it "not uncommon on sedges and grasses on
the marshy meadows of Lake Monroe at Sanford, and under
similar conditions at Crescent City and St. Petersburg." In
general appearance it resembles superficially some of our more
common species of Harmostes.

III. Catorhintha Stal, 1859, 470.

Small or medium sized oblong glabrous species having the
head subquadrate, calloused behind the eyes, broader across

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^E. 245

the eyes than long; antenniferous tubercles usually small,
widely separated, in our species usually armed above on outer
side with a prominent spine and furnished beneath with a small
horizontal shelf-like plate or expansion of the genae ; tylus con-
vex, longer than cheeks and with them moderately declivent
between the antennal bases ; beak reaching middle coxae ; an-
tennae half the length of body, first joint moderately stout,
feebly curved, one-half or more the length of head, 2 and 3
more slender, the second longest, fourth a little thicker, fusi-
form, three-fourths or more the length of third ; pronotum
with front side margins minutely serrulate, feebly converging
from humeri to apex, the latter three-fourths the greatest
width, disk with front portion subconvex, but little declivent,
humeri obtusely rounded, not prominent; abdomen with sides
subparallel, connexivum rather narrowly exposed. Other char-
acters as in key and under tribal heading.

Eight species are known from the United States, four from
our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CATORHIXTHA.

a. Legs mottled with black dots or spots ; fourth antennal three-fourths
the length of third.
b. Side margins of pronotum feebly but evidently concave; ventrals
dull yellow with minute fuscous punctures and also a small
blackish spot each side; smaller, not over 9 mm. 176. guttula.
bb. Side margins of pronotum straight; ventrals either in great part
black or mottled with numerous large black spots; larger, 10 —
12 mm. 177. mendica.

aa. Legs without black dots or spots; fourth antennal as long as third;
length, 11.5 — 12 mm.
c. Tibia? bright green; antenniferous spines stout, black, prominent;
general color reddish-brown to dark fuscous-brown.

178. BORINQUENSIS var. VIRIDIPES.

cc. Tibia? straw-yellow; antenniferous spines very small or wanting;
general color pale dull yellow. 179. divergens.

176 (295). Catorhintha guttula (Fabricius) , 1794, 162.

Oblong or elongate-oblong, subdepressed above, subconvex beneath.
Above dull grayish-yellow, thickly marked with fuscous punctures ; an-
tennae black, the incisures, apical fourth or more of third joint and tip
of fourth one, yellow; tip of scutellum and a small spot near middle of
apical fourth of corium pale yellow; membrane fuscous-brown scarcely
reaching tip of abdomen; connexivum alternated with yellow and black;
dorsum black, yellow at middle; under surface dull yellow, the pleura
and ventrals each side with a small median rounded black spot, the
abdomen sparsely sprinkled with small black spots, the ends of the ven-

246

FAMILY VI. — COREID^E.

trals in part blackish ; legs yellow mottled with black points and dots.
Basal joint of antennae half the length of head. Pronotum finely, evenly
and rather closely punctate, more sparsely so on apical third, with very
small irregular, slightly elevated smooth spaces between the punctures.
Scutellum similarly sculptured. Elytra more finely, evenly and rather
closely punctate. Length, 8 — 9 mm.; width, 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., scarce, Feb. 7 — April 24. Occurs especially
on the flowers and foliage of a tall scurfy ericad, Xolisma fer-
ruginea (Walt.) which grows in clumps in dry sandy open
woods ; also taken in some numbers from beneath a gunny sack
in an orange grove. Barber records it from Crescent City,
Sevenoaks, Biscayne Bay, Miami and Jacksonville, so that it
probably occurs throughout the State. A West Indian species,
ranging in this country from Florida to Colorado, Texas and
Arizona.

The connexivum in all my Florida specimens is distinctly
alternated with black and pale yellow, but Van Duzee (1907,
12) says that in most of those found in Jamaica it is immacu-
late. The abdomen in some specimens is devoid of black spots
except the row of small round ones each side, in others it is
rather thickly sprinkled with small black dots and dashes.

177 (296). Catorhintha mendica Stal, 1870, 187.

Form of guttula but larger. Color above much as there, the fuscous
punctures coarser and, especially on pronotum, more evenly distributed ;
connexivum alternated with black and orange-yellow; antenna? as in gut-
tula; under surface darker, the abdomen in
some specimens almost wholly black, in others
reddish- or greenish-yellow, thickly and evenly
mottled with black spots, the row of round
spots along the sides larger; legs more thickly
mottled or banded with black, the tarsi and
apical fourth of tibiae wholly fuscous-black.
Basal joint of antenna? stouter, two-thirds the
length of head. Pronotum with disk in front
of humeri more quadrate, more convex, less
declivent and distinctly more evenly punc-
tate. Scutellum with numerous transverse
wrinkles between the rows of punctures.
Length, 10—12 mm.; width, 3.3 — 3.7 mm.
(Original). (Fig. 50).

Marion and Knox counties, Ind., June 6 — Oct. 14; swept
from railway embankments and along the banks of the White
and Wabash rivers. On both dates mentioned, as well as
others, it was taken in some numbers and in all stages on its

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^. 247

host plant, the heart-leaved umbrella-wort, Allionia nyctaginea
Michx. Described from Texas and Mexico. Known also from
Ohio, Illinois, Minnesota, Dakota, Colorado, Oklahoma and
Arizona. Hart (1907, 238) records it from the sandy regions
of northwestern Illinois as ''common on Rhus aromatica Ait.,
Allionia nyctaginea Michx. and a variety of other plants, espe-
cially along roadsides."

178 ( — ). Catorhintha borinquensis viridipes var. nov.

Elongate-oblong. Head dull yellow with two ill-defined blackish
stripes on front and a wider irregular one behind each eye; pronotum,
ciavus and corium dark reddish-brown, the area just within both apical
and basal angles of pronotum vaguely blotched with fuscous ; scutellum
paler reddish-brown, its extreme tip yellowish; membrane pale brown;
connexivum rather broadly exposed, strongly reflexed, segments 2 — 4
blackish-brown, with incisures and basal third of each yellowish, 5 and 6
wholly pale; under surface greenish-yellow tinged with reddish, the
flanks of each pleurite and ventral with a rather large round black spot;
a smaller similar spot on the outer side of each coxa? and two dots
near middle of second and third ventrals; beak black, its basal joint
paler; coxa? and basal two-thirds of all femora dull yellow, apical third
of femora and all the tibia? bluish- or bottle-green ; tips of tibia? and of
each tarsal joint blackish. Antenna? with joint 1 black, extreme tips
of 2 and 3 and middle of 4 fuscous-black; remainder of 2 and 3 and
apex and base of 4 greenish-yellow; joint 1 stout, feebly curved; 2 and
3 slender, 2 longer than either 1 or 3 ; 4 stout, fusiform, almost as long
as 2, its middle as thick as 1. Subantennal plate much reduced in size.
Pronotum with sides straight, feebly converging from base to apex; disk
with a distinct transverse impression across apical fourth, the area in
front of this sparsely and finely punctate, remainder of disk, as well as
those of ciavus and corium coarsely, rather thickly and evenly punctate.
Membrane with veins more numerous than in our other species, all of
them nearly straight and but one or two of them forked. Length,
11.5 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Fla., Dec. 15 ; a single male beaten from
fallen leaves of royal palm in the dense hammock on Paradise
Key. The spines on head behind the bases of antennse are
almost as prominent as those of Anasa armigera (Say) while the
veining of the membrane approaches closely that of Margus
obscurator (Fabr.). The typical C. borinquensis Barber (1923b,
1) is a Porto Rican species. It is smaller and more slender
with spines on front of head reddish and distinctly more
slender; black markings on head, antennse and connexivals
wanting; femora and lower surface thickly covered with red
dots ; small black spots on sternal pleurites only and tibia? red-
dish-yellow.

248 FAMILY VI. — COREIDiE.

179 ( — ). Catorhintha divergens Barber, 1926a, 214.

Elongate, subparallel. Color a nearly uniform pale clay yellow; eyes
and joint 4 of antenna? fuscous-brown; ocelli red; edge of costal mar-
gin greenish; dorsum pale yellow with a red stripe each side of middle;
tibiae and tarsi tinged with fuscous. Joint 1 of antennas subclavate, dis-
tinctly curved, slightly longer than width of vertex, its posterior face
with two rows of setigerous granules; 2 and 3 much more slender, 2 one-
half longer than 3, 4 stouter, fusiform, slightly longer than 3. Prono-
tum distinctly broader and less convex than in viridipes, sides straight
and feebly converging from base to apex; disk with a transverse impres-
sion at apical third, behind this a fine median carina and thickly beset
with yellowish granulate punctures. Scutellum and elytra similarly
granulate-punctate. Length, 12 mm.

Tampico, Mexico, Dec. 18 (Barber). Taken at Paradise Key,
Fla., Feb. 21, by Schwarz and Barber. Known also from Cuba.

IV. Anasa Amyot & Serville, 1843, 209.

Elongate-oval species of medium size having the head sub-
quadrate, calloused behind the eyes; tylus longer than cheeks
and with them somewhat compressed and moderately declivent
in front of antenniferous tubercles; beak reaching or passing
middle coxae; antennae slender, half the length of body, basal
joint moderately swollen, feebly curved, about as long or
slightly longer than head, 2 and 3 more slender, the second
longest, fourth fusiform, shorter than third ; pronotum sub-
hexagonal, but little longer than wide, the apex one-half or less
the greatest width, front portion strongly declivent, its side
margins entire or finely serrulate ; corium with apex oblique,
feebly sinuate, its outer angle subacute ; membrane reaching or
passing tip of abdomen, its veins mostly forked; connexivum
usually widely exposed ; femora slender, usually unarmed ; hind
margin of metasternal pleurite straight ; space between the
hind coxae less than half that between them and sides of meta-
sternum. Other characters as in generic key and under tribal
heading.

Thirty or more species have been described from America,
seven of which are known from the United States. Of these
five occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF AXASA.

a. Head armed behind the base of antennae with a spine or tubercle.
b. Tubercle behind base of antennae very small; head black with a
median pale line; femora unarmed beneath.

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^.

249

c. Pronotum with side margins produced forward at apex as a small
blunt tooth and median pale line obsolete behind middle; dorsum
black; fourth joint of antennae fuscous-black, the tip slightly
paler. 180. tristis.

cc. Pronotum with side margins not produced forward at apex, and
median pale line entire or nearly so; dorsum yellow, or black
with two pale spots; fourth joint of antennae wholly or in great
part yellowish. 181. andresii.

bb. Spines of head very prominent, longer than the diameter of the
eye; head without a pale line; femora armed beneath near apex
with one or two small spines.
d. Basal joint of antenna? without black spots ; connexivum alternat-
ed with black and orange; general color pale brownish-yellow.

182. SCORBUTICA.

dd. Basal joint of antenna? with large black dots; connexivum alter-
nated with black and pale yellow; general color fuscous.

183. ARMIGERA.

era. Head not armed above the base of antenna?; general color dull yel-
low; basal joint of antenna? beneath, black, above yellow dotted
with black. 184. repetita.

180 (301). Anasa tristis (De Geer), 1773, 340.

Oblong-oval, depressed above, convex beneath. Above dull clay-
yellow, very thickly marked with rather coarse fuscous punctures, with

numerous small irregular yellow
smooth areas showing between them
so as to give a somewhat mottled
appearance; head fuscous with a
narrow median line the full length
and a shorter one each side, yellow;
antenna? either wholly fuscous or
dull yellow thickly marked with fus-
cous dots ; front side margins of
pronotum and tip of scutellum pale
yellow; connexivum with front half
of each segment yellow, the apical
one irregularly marked with fus-
cous punctures and blotches; mem-
brane fuscous-black; under surface
and legs dull yellow thickly sprin-
kled with fuscous dots and punc-
tures; beak and tarsi fuscous, the basal joint of former paler. Head
with a minute nodule on the base of each antennif erous tubercle ; basal
joint of antenna? stouter than in our other species, distinctly curved,
shorter than head, narrowed only at extreme base. Pronotum with front
side margins nearly straight, thickened and reflexed, their edge mi-
nutely serrulate; humeri not prominent, their tips obtusely rounded;
posterior side margins feebly sinuate, their inner angle subacute, trun-
cate basal margin wider than scutellum. Apex of corium sinuate near
tip. Membrane fuscous-brown, reaching tip of abdomen, male, a little
shorter, female. Length, 13 — 18 mm.; width, 4.2 — 6 mm. (Fig. 51).

Fig. 51. a, female X 2 ; &, side view
of head ; c, ventral segments of male ; d,
same of female. (After Chittenden)

250 FAMILY VI. — coreid;e.

Common throughout Indiana, January — December. Holland,
Mich., June 10. Occurs in summer in gardens and fields where
squashes and other cucurbs are grown, and hibernates beneath
rubbish and loose bark of logs and snags. Often a score or
more will be found occupying a space a foot square beneath
the bark. Many of them die before spring, especially if the
winter is an open one with alternate freezing and thawing, but
there are always plenty left for "seed." They have been
found in winter a mile or more away from any spot where
squash or kindred plant was grown the season before, thus
showing that distance does not deter them from securing a
hibernaculum to their liking.

Dunedin, Fla., March 20 — 27, scarce. Recorded from a half
dozen stations from Jacksonville to Big Pine Key, and doubt-
less occurs in all the cultivated regions of the State, but ap-
parently much less common than in the north. Ranges from
Quebec and New England to the Pacific, and south and south-
west to Arizona, Mexico and Brazil. This is the "squash-bug"
of economic literature, and being the most common, most in-
jurious and best known species of Coreidae, that name has been
adopted as the common or typical one for the family. Its
habits, life history, distribution and remedies for riddance are
fully set forth in various economic documents, chief among
which are those of Chittenden (1899, 1908). Uhler (1876, 293)
says that : "In the larval stage they are often guilty of canni-
balism, the stronger ones sucking the juices of the weaker, and
leaving only their dried empty skins to attest their places
upon the squash vines." The Coir its ordinatus Say (II, 244) is
a synonym. He says that "when taken it diffuses an odor
which has been compared to that of a ripe pear."

181 (303). Anasa andresii (Guerin), 1857, 383.

Elongate, sides parallel. Dull greenish-yellow, thickly marked above
and below with small blackish punctures, those on front half of pronotum
sparsely, irregularly placed, those on vertex, ventrals and apical third
of corium more or less condensed to form small blackish spots or blotches ;
narrow median line of head and pronotum and narrow side margins of
pronotum calloused, smooth and pale; membrane dull black; basal third
of each connexival yellow, apical third black, its middle pale with black
dots; legs greenish-yellow, the femora thickly dotted with fuscous, the
tibiae more sparsely so. Basal joint of antennae as long as head. Pro-
notum with side margins feebly crenulate; basal angles obtusely rounded.
Other characters as in key. Length, 13 — 15 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^E.

251

Tallulah, La., on cotton (U. S. Nat. Mus.). A neotropical
species described from Cuba and recorded in this country from
Florida, Louisiana, Texas and New Mexico. Uhler (1875, 293)
records it from southern Florida without definite station. Oc-
curs also in southern California, Mexico, Central America and
Colombia. It is smaller, more narrow and parallel than tristis,
with median pale line of pronotum entire and apical joint of
antennse yellowish.

182 (306). Anasa scorbutica (Fabricius), 1775, 706.

Elongate, slightly widened behind middle of abdomen. Pale straw-
yellow, thickly, evenly and rather finely punctate, each puncture en-
c'osing a minute golden yellow hair ; membrane dark brown ; femora and
tibia? with rows of purplish-brown dots; ventrals minutely punctate,
finely pubescent. Antennas wholly yellow, joints 1 — 3 thickly clothed
with short, inclined bristle-like brown hairs; 2 and 3 subequal, each but
little longer than 1. Connexivum rather broadly exposed. Length, 12 —
14 mm.

Brownsville, Tex., June (U. S.Nat. Mus.) . Recorded from
Biscayne Bay, Fla. ; also from Oklahoma, Texas, Mexico and
the West Indies.

183 (307). Anasa armigera (Say), 1825, 319; II, 244.

Elongate-oblong, depressed above, convex beneath. Above dull yel-
low, thickly marked with fuscous punctures, each of which bears a mi-
nute appressed yellow-
ish hair; antenna? with
basal joint pale yellow
dotted with black, 2 and
3 black, pale at base
and tip, 4 pale yellow;
corium and basal half
of pronotum sometimes
wholly or in great part
fuscous; mem-
brane bronze - brown;
connexivum black, the
basal fourth or more of
each segment pale yel-
low; under surface
greenish-yellow marked

in profile from with fine, rather sparse
9, nymphs in reddigh . blwn pum>

tures each of which
bears a yellowish hair ; abdomen with widely scattered black dots ; legs
pale yellow thickly marked with larger black dots and small points. Head
with a pair of long acuminate suberect, feebly divergent spines. Basal

52. a, adult X 2 : h & hi,
side and above ; c, sculpture of egg : d
various stages X 2. (After Chittenden

252 FAMILY VI. — COREID^E.

joint of antenna* but little swollen, slightly curved, longer than head.
Pronotum with front side margins concave or sinuate; humeri promi-
nent, projected outward and a little upward, their tips subacute; basal
half of disk with a median impression, the truncate base wider than scu-
tellum, the latter coarsely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen dilated at
middle, more so in female, the connexivum broadly exposed. Length,
13—17 mm.; width, 4.5—6.5 mm. (Fig. 52).

Marion, Vigo, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., March 17 —
Oct. 10. Occurs locally in some numbers, in company with
repetita on the one-seeded bur-cucumber, Sicyos angulatus L.
Taken in March from beneath bark in low dense woods along
the margins of streams, in which localities its wild host-plant
alone grows. Dunedin, Lake Okeechobee, R. P. Park and Cape
Sable, Fla., Dec. 11 — March 24, scarce. Taken by beating in
dense wet hammocks. Recorded from Florida only by Uhler
without definite station. Its recorded range extends from
Massachusetts to western Iowa, and south and southwest to
Florida, Oklahoma and Texas. In the East it probably occurs
rarely, if at all, north of latitude 42°. Say's type was from
"Missouri Territory" and must have been off color, as he men-
tions "a white oblique line in the middle of the membranaceous
portion of the hemelytra," and in his notes said that it may be
at once separated from Carats galeatus Fabr. "by the white
transverse line at the base of" the same membrane. No one of
the numerous specimens I have seen is so marked.

Chittenden (1898, 239) records it as injurious to cucurbs in
Maryland and Virginia, all stages including the eggs being
found as late as Sept. 29. He states : "It is more active than
tristis, flying freely in hot sunshine and exposing itself on the
upper surface of the leaves in mid-day. It also has a later
season, appearing three weeks later and remaining in the field
after tristis has gone into hibernation."

184 (304). Anasa repetita Heidemann, 1905, 11.

Elongate-oval, depressed above, convex beneath. Above dull yellow,
thickly marked with rather small reddish granulate punctures; head
yellow, almost impunctate; antennae with joint 1 black beneath, yellow
with a few black dots above, 2 and 3 black, the incisures pale, 4 reddish-
yellow; tip of scutellum, some small irregular markings on elytra and
the extreme base of membrane fuscous ; connexivum alternated with fus-
cous and yellow; membrane bronzed-brown with scattered fuscous dots;
under surface greenish-yellow often shaded with fuscous; femora and
tibiae yellow thickly marked with black dots; beak, except tip, and tarsi
greenish yellow. Head unarmed, a little shorter and broader than that

SUBFAMILY II. — COREIN^E. 253

of tristis; antennae as in urmigera. Pronotum with front side margins
concave or deeply sinuate, their edges crenulate; humeri prominent, pro-
longed outward and a little upward, the tips obtusely angled; posterior
side margins sinuate, their inner angle obtuse, the truncate basal margin
wider than scutellum. Membrane slightly surpassing abdomen, the latter
rather widely dilated beyond middle. Connexivum broadly exposed and
recurved, the dorsum therefore appearing concave. Genital plate of male
scoop-shaped, its hind margins feebly concave. Basal plates of female
genitalia deeply and widely emarginate. Length., 14 — 16 mm.; width,
6 — 7 mm.

Marion, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., April 19 — Sept. 19
(W.S.B.). Alexandria County, Va., May 28 (Davis). In a
dense thicket along the annually overflowed banks of the Wa-
bash River a few miles above Vincennes, I beat this handsome
Coreid, on Sept. 19, in large numbers and all stages from the
wild cucumber, Sicyos angulatus L. Parshley (1918, 64) records
the taking of more than 50 adults and nymphs from two vines
of the same plant on the same date at Northampton, Mass. It
has been recorded elsewhere only from New York, Maryland
and District of Columbia.

V. Cimolus Stal, 1862, 302.

This genus differs from Anasa by the characters given in key,
and in having the body more narrowly oval, less depressed ;
antenniferous tubercles much less prominent and more ap-
proximate, suberect ; beak much shorter, its first joint only
about half the length of head. Two species are known, one
occurring in Mexico, the other in the southern states.

185 (300). Cimolus obscurus Stal, 1870, 189.

Elongate-oval, widest across middle of abdomen. Dull clay-yellow,
above thickly beset with rather coarse fuscous punctures, each enclosing
a minute yellowish bristle, these punctures so arranged as to leave a
stripe each side of head, the side margins and a narrow median line on
front half of pronotum and numerous small scattered areas on elytra of
the paler hue; membrane dark brown; connexivals blackish, the front
margin of each yellowish; legs dull yellow, thickly marked with fuscous
punctures ; under surface greenish-yellow with scattered fuscous dots
and punctures, the extreme side margins of each ventral with one or two
oblong black spots. Antennas black; joint 1 with a few paler dots, stout,
feebly curved, as long as head; 2 more slender, slightly longer than
either 1 or 3, these subequal in length; 4 fusiform, two-thirds the length
of 3. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, side margins finely serrate, front angles
ending in an obtuse spine, hind ones broadly rounded, hind margin
abruptly declivent and forming a short flattened lobe which is wider than

254 FAMILY VI. — COREID^E.

base of scutellum. Connexivum widely exposed. Membrane slightly pass-
ing tip of abdomen. Genital plate of male scoop-shaped, its basal half
strongly convex. Length, 13 — 14 mm.; width, 5.5 mm.

Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 31 ; collected on Melothria pendula L.
(Barber). Described from South Carolina and Texas and not
recorded elsewhere. Closely resembles Anasa tristis but easily
distinguished by the shorter beak and very small antenniferous
tubercles.

Subfamily III. PSEUDOPHLCEINiE Stal, 1867, 535.

The members of this subfamily have the head convex, tri-
angular, three-fourths or more the width of pronotum, nar-
rowed, feebly declivent and prolonged forward in front of an-
tennas; disks of pronotum, scutellum and elytra roughly granu-
late, each granule or puncture bearing a small appressed seta ;
membrane with curved basal vein remote from the margin, the
veinlets arising from it anastomosing at base, forked near
apex ; osteola with margins compressed between the sub-con-
tigucus middle and hind coxae, the outer portion prolonged lat-
erally slightly beyond them, without an auricle but with edges
thickened and apex rounded ; tibiae terete, not sulcate or di-
lated.

Eight genera are recognized by Stal (1870, 219; 1873, 81).
six from the Old World and two from the United States. Both
of these are represented in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN- GENERA OP PSEUDOPHLCEIN.E.

a. Joints 2 and 3 of antenna? subequal; beak not reaching middle coxa?;
humeral angles rounded, unarmed; larger, length, 10 — 13 mm.

I. Ceraleptus.

aa. Joint 2 of antenna? distinctly shorter than 3; beak reaching between

middle coxa?; humeral angles with an acute fuscous tooth; smaller,

not over 9 mm. II. Coriomeris.

I. Ceraleptus Costa, 1847, 11.

Elongate-oval species of medium size, possessing the char-
acters of the subfamily as above set forth and having the tylus
convex, longer than cheeks, deflexed in front of them ; anten-
niferous tubercles small, not prominent, armed on the outer
side with a small curved obtuse spine ; antennae short, stout,
joint 1 subclavate, half the length of head, 2 and 3 slightly
longer, subequal, 4 fusiform, shortest; beak stout, joint 2 but

SUBFAMILY III. — PSEUDOPHLCEIN^. 255

slightly surpassing the head, subequal to 3 and 4 united, 3 the
shortest ; ocelli small, separated more widely than the distance
between them and eye ; pronotum subquadrate, one-third wider
than long, side margins slightly sinuate, feebly converging
from the bluntly rounded humeri to apex, their edge granulate,
not carinate ; membrane reaching tip of abdomen, its veins as
described above ; abdomen moderately dilated near middle, the
connexivum rather widely exposed, reflexed ; legs short, stout,
middle femora armed with one or two small spines ; hind ones
subclavate, shorter than abdomen, armed beneath near apex
with 3 — 5 unequal spines.

Two species are known, one confined to the Pacific Coast
States, the other ranging from Indiana and Florida westward.

186 (332). Ceraleptus americanus Stal, 1870, 219.

Elongate-oval, depressed above, convex beneath. Above grayish-yel-
low marked with numerous fuscous punctures; head fuscous with a
median line along the tylus and a narrower one each side dull yellow;
antenna? reddish-brown, the last two joints dusky; membrane fuscous
with vague yellowish markings ; connexivum dull yellow mottled with
fuscous ; under surface dull yellow the sides of abdomen with two in-
terrupted fuscous stripes, the inner one the wider; femora dull yellow
mottled with fuscous; tarsi and tip of beak fuscous. Structural char-
acters as given above. Length, 10 — 13 mm.; width, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Vigo Co., Ind., Dec. 10 — March 28. One specimen taken on
each of three occasions in 1893 from beneath logs on the side
of a high sandy hill near the old canal, five miles north of Terre
Haute. Recorded by me (1895, 269) but Indiana not included
in the Van Duzee Catalogue notes. Dunedin, Fla., March 24 ;
one specimen swept from herbage along the bay front. Barber
records it from Lake Worth, Fla., these being the only records
from east of the Mississippi. Described from Texas and known
also from Utah, Arizona, California and Mexico. Uhler (1876.
300) says that old specimens from the West "are almost black,
with antennae wholly black and pale bands of connexivum very
distinct."

II. Coriomeris Westwood, 1842, 6.

Oblong-oval, pubescent species differing from Ceraleptus by
the characters given in the key, and having the head less pro-
longed in front of antennae, more subquadrate ; antennae short-
er, stouter, with joint 1 coarsely granulate and hirsute ; prono-

256 FAMILY VII. — CORISCID^E.

turn with front portion more narrowed and more strongly decli-
vent ; connexivum more widely exposed ; hind femora more
slender, subcylindrical, armed beneath near apex with a slender
curved spine and several minute teeth.

187 (333). Coriomeris humilis (Uhler), 1872, 403.

Oblong-oval, widened behind. Above dull grayish-white, thickly
punctate with fuscous ; head densely covered with fuscous granules, the
median line slightly paler; edges of side margins of pronotum whitish,
finely denticulate; membrane grayish, the oblique veinlets brown; con-
nexivum alternated with fuscous and yellow; under surface dull yellow,
thickly flecked with fuscous markings; femora fuscous, covered with
whitish granules; tibia? dull yellow; tarsi and beak darker. Antennae
short, stout, joints 1 — 3 fuscous-brown; 1 stoutest, feebly curved, sub-
equal in length to 3; 4 blackish, slightly shorter than 3, subfusiform,
finely pubescent, as thick as 1. Other characters as previously given.
Length, 8.5 — 9 mm.

Chitnia Glacier, near Mt. St. Elias, Alaska, June (U.S.Nat.
Mus.). Recorded from St. Petersburg, Fla., Nov. 12, by Bueno
(1921, 61). Ranges from Florida and Texas west to the
Pacific and north to Kansas and British Columbia.

Family VII. CORISCID^E44 nom. nov.
The Broad-headed Bugs.

Elongate, slender bodied species of medium size having the
head porrect or feebly declivent, at times nearly as wide and
long as pronotum, its front portion narrowed and produced for-
ward in front of base of antennae, the part between the eyes
wider than scutellum ; eyes very prominent ; ocelli large, more
narrowly separated than the distance between them and the
eyes ; apical joint of antennas as long as, or longer than, third ;
nervures of membrane usually simple ; fourth and fifth dorsals
concavely curved at base ; spiracles placed near the apical mar-
gins of ventrals ; osteolar openings present except in Tollius and
Stachyocnemus ; first joint of hind tarsi usually more than twice
as long as second and third united.

Our species occur principally on the foliage and flowers of
herbs and shrubs along roadsides and the borders of woods,
and are usually so few in number as to be of little economic im-
portance. They have heretofore been usually treated as a
subfamily of the Coreidse. The principal literature treating

44Horvath (1917, 378) has shown that Alydus Fabr. (1803) and Coriscus Schrank
(1796) were both founded with the same species, Cimex ealcaratua L. as the generic
type. The name of Schrank therefore has precedence and the family name should be
roriscida>, not Alydidw.

THE BROAD-HEADED BUGS. 257

of them is by Say, 1824; Stal, 1870; Montandon, 1893, and
Fracker, 1918. The family is divided by recent authors into
three tribes, all of which are represented in the eastern states.

KEY TO TRIBES OF CORISCID^E.

«. Hind femora very slender, not armed beneath; cheeks, in our eastern

species, much longer than tylus and contiguous in front of it.

b. Fourth joint of beak at least twice as long as third, second longer

than third and fourth united. Tribe I. Micrelytrini, p. 257.

bb. Third and fourth joints of beak subequal, second not longer than

third and fourth united; body and legs very slender.

Tribe II. Leptocorisini, p. 259.

eta. Hind femora armed beneath with one or two rows of spines ; cheeks

shorter than tylus. Tribe III. Coriscini, p. 260.

Tribe I. MICRELYTRINI Stal, 1867, 542.

Of the four genera representing this tribe in the United
States, but one occurs east of the Mississippi.

I. Protenor Haglund, 1868, 162.

Elongate, very slender species having the head porrect,
slightly longer than pronotum ; cheeks much longer than tylus,
contiguous in front of it, their tips subconical and cleft hori-
zontally, so that the front of head ends in four short processes ;
antennse slender, nearly as long as body, first joint subclavate,
subequal to second, third slightly shorter, fourth about one-
half longer than second ; beak surpassing middle coxae, its third
joint very short ; ocelli placed close to hind margin of head, the
interval separating them less than one-third that between them
and eye ; pronotum subtrapezoidal, slightly longer than wide at
base, its side margins straight, entire, visibly narrowing from
humeri to apex; membrane shorter than abdomen, the latter
not wider than elytra ; legs rather short, hind femora not pass-
ing fourth ventral ; hind angles of metapleura subacute. Two
species are known.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PROTENOR.

a. Head less than one-fourth longer than pronotum; upper and lower
pair of apical processes of cheeks contiguous or nearly so through-
out their length. 188. belfragei.
aa. Head one-half longer than pronotum; upper processes of cheeks
widely separated from lower throughout their length.

189. AUSTRALIS.

258

FAMILY VII. — CORISCID^E.

188 (312). Protenor belfragei Haglund, 1868, 162.

Elongate, very slender, depressed above, convex beneath. Pale
brownish-yellow, shining, thickly marked above with more or less fus-
cous, rather coarse punctures; antennae reddish-yellow; membrane pale
brown; under surface dull yellow sprinkled with reddish dots; abdomen
with a median dark line, the sides with an irregular row of small piceous

Fig. 53, X 5. (After Drake, Tech. Pub. Xo. 16, X. Y. St. Coll. For.).

spots; legs and beak reddish-yellow, the tip of latter piceous. Head with
a short median groove behind the antenniferous tubercles. Pronotum
slightly impressed near apex, forming a collar, its humeri obtusely
rounded, not prominent. Length, 12 — 15 mm.; width, 1.2 — 1.8 mm. (Fig.
53).

Marshall and Putnam counties, Ind., scarce, July 28 — Auo.
18. Swept from sedges and grasses along the borders of lakes
and marshes. Probably occurs sparingly throughout the north-
ern two-thirds of the State. Sherborn, Mass., Sept. 6 (Frost).
The known range extends from Quebec and New England west
to Colorado and south and west to Maryland and Texas. The
only record for Texas is that of Uhler (1876, 295) without

TRIBE II. — LEPTOCORISCINI. 259

definite station. Outside of this record it appears, according
to Fracker (1918, 258) "to be limited to the territory north of
Maryland and east of the Rocky Mountains." He says that it
is found throughout Wisconsin, "the immature feeding on
sedges and the adults being especially common in low meadows
after the first of August and until frost, probably hibernating."

189 ( — ). Protenor australis Hussey, 1925, 64.

Smaller and more slender than belfragei. Pale straw-yellow, sub-
opaque, thickly marked with small fuscous punctures; sides of head and
pronotum with a brown stripe extending from front of cheeks across eyes
to humeral angles and more narrowly along costal margin of elytra;
membrane brownish translucent, impunctate. Head three times as long
as its basal width. Antennae with joints 1 and 2 dull yellow, thickly
dotted with red; 3 and 4 reddish without dots; 1 — 3 conspicuously hir-
sute; relative lengths 5:6:5:9. Median pale calloused line of pronotum
very narrow, percurrent. Hind femora reaching only to fifth ventral.
Other characters as in belfragei. Length, 11 — 11.5 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Fla., March 20 ; swept from roadside herb-
age (W.S.B.). Ft. Myers, Fla., April 24 (Davis). Known
elsewhere only from Gainesville, Fla., and Thomasville, Ga.

Tribe II. LEPTOCORISINI Stal, 1872a, 54.

This tribe comprises numerous genera in the Old World but
only two in America. Of these one is represented in the south-
ern states.

I. Leptocorisa Latreille, 1829, 197.

Very slender bodied elongate species having the head por-
rect, relatively small and narrow; cheeks subcylindrical, much
longer than tylus and contiguous in front of it ; eyes and ocelli
very prominent ; antennae very slender, nearly as long as body,
the basal joint longest, reaching middle of pronotum, but little
swollen toward apex; beak reaching middle coxae, joints 1 and
2 subequal, each a little shorter than 3 and 4 united, these also
subequal; pronotum with side margins straight, entire, feebly
converging from the humeri to apex, which is two-thirds the
width of base, their carinas obsolete on apical third ; elytra
very long and slender, entirely concealing the abdomen ; hind
coxae contiguous ; hind angles of metapleura acute.

This genus is represented by numerous species in all parts
of the world, three of them occurring in neotropical America,
one of which extends northward into the southern United
States.

260 FAMILY VII. CORISCID;£.

190 (316). Leptocorisa tipuloides (De Geer), 1773, 354.

Elongate, very slender, subdepressed above, convex beneath. Pale
dull yellow; antennae greenish- or reddish-yellow, the tips of joints 2 — 4
darker; inner raised margin of clavi and membrane in front of the cross
nervure, more or less fuscous; legs greenish-yellow, the femora reddish on
apical fourth ; tarsi and tip of beak tinged with fuscous. Head about
two-thirds the length of pronotum; antenna? with joints 2 and 3 subequal,
4 longer, subequal to 1. Pronotum with humeri rounded, not prominent,
feebly tuberculate at each end of the basal impression; disk with front
portion almost smooth, the basal two-thirds coarsely confluently punc-
tate. Scutellum elongate-triangular, both it and clavi coarsely and rather
closely punctate. Corium very sparsely punctate, its apical margin ex-
tremely long and sinuate. Abdomen with sides parallel throughout.
Genital plate of male scoop-shaped. Sixth ventral of female produced be-
hind as a large flat median lobe. Length, 14 — 16 mm.; width, 1.8 — 2 mm.

Dunedin, Lakeland and Ft. Myers, Fla., Nov. 20— March 20
(//'. S.B.). Agricultural College, Miss. (Weed). Recorded from
numerous stations throughout eastern and southern Florida.
It is a Central and South American species, known heretofore
in this country only from Florida and Texas. About Dunedin
it is common in autumn and early spring on ferns in wet dense-
ly wooded hammocks. The body is more slender and parallel
than in any other of our eastern Coriscids.

Tribe III. CORISCINI4' nom. nov.

The members of this tribe are somewhat stouter and have
the head broader and pronotum shorter than in the two pre-
ceding tribes. They also have the eyes more convex and promi-
nent ; cheeks shorter than tylus ; hind femora stouter and
armed beneath with prominent spines.

Six genera are known from North America, all of which are
represented in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF CORISCINI.

a. Hind tibiae compressed, strongly curved, the tip ending in an acute
spur; humeri ending in a prominent suberect acute spine.

I. Hyalymenus, p. 261.
aa. Hind tibiae straight, terete, without a spur at apex.

b. First joint of antennae surpassing apex of head; osteolar opening
distinct, located between the middle and hind coxae, prolonged out-
wardly as a canal.
c. Second joint of antennae shorter than first; sixth ventral of female
slit along the median line.
d. Pronotum longer than wide, the sides converging toward apex;

,5.\'ew tribal name for Alydini Stal.

TRIBE III. — CORISCINI. 261

tibiae unarmed; basal joint of hind tarsi more than twice the
length of second and third united. II. Megalotomus, p. 262.
dd. Pronotum as wide at base as long, the sides parallel; apex of hind
tibiae armed with a small acute tooth; basal joint of hind tarsi
about one and a half times the length of second and third
united. III. Burtinus, p. 263.

cc. Second joint of antennae longer than first; sixth ventral of female
entire. IV. Coriscus, p. 264.

bb. First joint of antennae not surpassing apex of head; osteolar open-
ing very small or obsolete.
e. Hind tibiae unarmed; hind margin of pronotum without a median
tooth. V. Tollius, p. 267.

ee. Hind tibiae armed with two rows of spines ; hind margin of pro-
notum with a small median tooth. VI. Stachyocnemus, p. 268.

I. Hyalymenus Amyot & Serville, 1843, 223.

Elongate, slender bodied species having the head feebly
declivent, convex, triangular, almost as long as pronotum ; ocelli
very prominent, subpedunculate ; beak reaching middle coxa?,
the fourth joint a little longer than third ; pronotum subquad-
rate, strongly declivent, its side margins without carinas,
humeri each ending in a strong upward and outward projecting
spine ; abdomen a little wider than elytra ; connexivum nar-
rowly exposed, the hind angle of each segment prolonged;
membrane slightly surpassing abdomen, its veins numerous,
simple ; hind coxae contiguous ; front and middle femora armed
beneath near apex with one or two fine teeth ; hind ones
swollen, clavate, armed beneath with numerous teeth, two
near middle very prominent ; hind tibia? as in key, their lower
margin crenulate at middle of outer margin in the males; in
the females less curved, the margin entire.

Three neotropical species are known from the United States,
one occurring in Florida.

191 (318). Hyalymenus longispinus Stal, 1870, 213.

Elongate, slender, depressed above, subconvex beneath. Above dull
yellow; antennae reddish, the apical half of terminal joint darker; under
surface pale yellow, meso- and metasterna tinged with fuscous; sixth
ventral and genital plate reddish-brown; hind tibiae and apex of femora
dark red. Antennae half or more the length of body, first joint longer
than head, the apical half feebly swollen, fourth longer than second and
third united, these subequal. Pronotum wider across the humeri than
long, disk depressed along the middle, finely, densely and deeply punc-
tate, transversely impressed near apex, the impression bearing a pair of
small median pale yellow callosities ; posterior side margins sinuate, mi-
nutely toothed at middle, their inner angle ending in a short spine; trun-

262

FAMILY VII. — CORISCID^.

(Original).

cate basal margin not wider than scutellum and with a small median
callosity. Scutellum and corium rather coarsely sparsely punctate,
clavi more closely so. Length, 14 — 16 mm.; width, 3.2 — 4 mm. (Fig. 54).

Duneclin, Miami and Cape Sable, Fla.,
Nov. 19 — March 11; three beaten from
buttonwood and beach grape on Hog
Island, the others swept from tall dead
grasses along a low meadow. A West
Indian species, recorded by Barber
from five additional Florida stations,
all near the coast of the southern third
of the State.

II. Megalotomus Fieber, 1861, 58.

Elongate-slender species having the
head declivent, flat, triangular, about
as long as pronotum ; ocelli and eyes
prominent; antenna? very slender, half
or more the length of body, first joint
passing apex of head, second slightly longer than third, fourth
stouter, as long as or but little shorter than 2 and 3 united;
beak slightly surpassing middle coxse, the fourth joint slightly
longer than third ; pronotum subquadrate, moderately decli-
vent, disk with side margins feebly sinuate, their edge carinate ;
abdomen not wider than elytra ; hind coxae separated by a dis-
tance equal to their width ; hind femora but little swollen,
reaching apex of abdomen, armed beneath on outer margin
with a row of stout spines.

Two species are known, one from tropical America, the other
from our territory.

192 (320). Megalotomus quinquespinosus (Say), 1824, 323; II, 247.

Elongate, slender, depressed above, convex beneath. Color variable
ranging from dull yellow, thickly mottled with fuscous to a near'y uni-
form dull red, those of the first named hue with base of head, narrow
margins and numerous small blotches on disk of pronotum, scutellum ex-
cept tip, under surface and apical half of hind femora, blackish-fuscous;
the red form with a curved bar between the eyes and the carina? of pro-
notum and middle of abdomen fuscous; antennae in both forms reddish,
the tips of joints 2 and 3 and apical two-thirds of 4 fuscous, the basal
third of latter dull yellow ; under surface of head and sterna in both
black. Pronotum with humeri prominent, acute; disk finely and densely
punctate and with a vague wide median lengthwise depression ; pos-

TRIBE III. — CORISCINI.

263

terior margin sinuate, concave at middle. Claspers of male forked, the
outer lobe the longer. Length, 14 — 16 mm.; width, 3 — 3.7 mm. (Fig. 55).

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the northern coun-
ties, June 18 — Sept. 24. Taken
by sweeping the tall grasses
and sedges of marshes and
borders of streams. Ranges
from Quebec, New England and
North Carolina west across the
Continent. Recorded by Mon-
tandon (1893, 50) from
Florida, but probably in error
as no other record of its occur-
rence south of North Carolina
can be found. Fracker states
that in Wisconsin "it is less
common than Protenor belfragei
and Alydus conspersus, and does
not extend so far north. After
the first of August the adults
may be found along the edges
of woods where they are active

flyers." McAfee (1919, 8) says that about Washington, D. C,

the nymphs occur only on Ceanothus americanas.

III. Burtinus Stal, 1859, 458.

This genus is closely allied to Megalotomus, differing mainly
by the characters given in key. The fourth joint of antennae is
slightly shorter than second and third united ; apical angle of
corium reaching beyond middle of membrane ; hind femora not
reaching apex of abdomen ; hind tibiae shorter, armed beneath
near apex with a small spine.

One neotropical species is known from southern Florida.

193 (321). Burtinus notatipennis Stal, 1859, 459.

Elongate, slender, widened behind. Dull brownish-yellow, rather
thickly marked with brown punctures ; narrow edges of side margins of
pronotum and embolium and tip of scutellum yellowish; membrane pale
translucent; dorsum and connexivum in part fuscous; under surface and
legs straw-yellow, with numerous small reddish dots, the former very
finely and densely pubescent; apical half of hind femora in part fuscous,
sometimes annulate with yellow; ventrals 2 — 5 with a large black dot
each side; 2 and 3 each with several smaller dots at middle; 3 — 6 tinged

(Original).

264 FAMILY VII. — CORISCIDjE.

with fuscous. Head porrect, more or less fuscous, finely pubescent. Anten-
nae with joints 1 — 3 dull yellow, subequal in length, 1 feebly thickened to-
ward apex, 4 with basal third yellow, remainder fuscous. Pronotum as
in generic key, the humeral angles subacute. Hind femora clavate, the
apical half armed beneath with three or four stout spines and two or
three minute teeth. Length, 11 — 13 mm.

Brownsville, Tex. (U. S. Nat. Mus.). Recorded by Barber
from Miami, Fla., and Arizona. Ranges from those states
south to northern South America. The specimens at hand lack
the "corii macula longe pone medium pallidis" mentioned by
Stal in his original description and on which he based his spe-
cific name ; nor can I find any trace of the teeth at base of hind
femora used by Fracker (1918, 261) as the principal character
in his generic key separating Burtinus from Megalatomus. Al-
though using it thus, in his description of B. notatipennis farther
along he says : ''posterior femora . . . usually with an obsolete
little tooth near base." The Alydus femoralis (Distant, 1881,
158) is, as pointed out by Barber (1914, 521), a synonym.

IV. CORISCUS Schrank, 1796, 121.= (Alydus) .

Elongate-slender bodied pilose species having the head decli-
vent in front, nearly as long as pronotum and as broad across
the eyes as base of latter ; antennae slender, half the length of
body, first joint but little swollen, shorter than second; eyes
very prominent, subpedunculate ; beak reaching middle coxa?,
joint 2 subequal to 3 and 4 united, 3 shortest ; pronotum sub-
quadrate, slightly longer than wide, its side margins slightly
sinuate, entire; corium with apex very long, oblique, sinuate,
its apical angle extending beyond middle of membrane, the lat-
ter reaching or slightly exceeding tip of abdomen ; osteolar
opening distinct, slit-like, situated between the middle and hind
coxae; femora relatively slender, front and middle ones un-
armed, hind ones armed beneath with a row of stout spines and
a few spinules; tibiae slender, terete, unarmed; basal joint of
tarsi twice the length of the other two united.

Six species are at present recognized from North America,
three of which occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CORISCUS.

a. Pronotum with humeral angles obtusely rounded, the side margins
not distinctly paler than the disk.
b. Head and pronotum with numerous erect hairs; pronotum usually
blackish-bronzed, rather coarsely and densely punctate; mem-

TRIBE III. — CORISCINI. 265

brane dark without fuscous spots; claspers of male twisted, not
curved; lateral plates of female genitalia acute at apex.

194. EURINUS.

bb. Head and pronotum with few if any erect hairs; basal half of pro-
notum brown, very finely and sparsely punctate; membrane pale
with vague fuscous spots; claspers of male curved, divaricate at
base, convergent at tip; lateral plates of female genitalia broadly
rounded at apex. 195. conspersus.

««. Pronotum with humeral angles acute, the side margins calloused and
pale. 196. pilosulus.

194 (323). Coriscus eurinus (Say), 1824, 324; II, 247.

Elongate, slender, depressed above, subconvex beneath. Color above
variable from nearly wholly black to largely fuscous-brown, in the for-
mer (var. obesus Fracker) with head, pronotum, scutellum, under sur-
face and femora black, shining, with a bluish-bronzed tinge; elytra fus-
cous-black, subopaque; connexivum black, each segment with a small
orange-yellow spot near front angle ; antennae fuscous-brown, the basal
joint and tips of joints 2 and 3 darker; tibiae fuscous-brown, darker near
apex; tarsi black, the basal joint in great part paler; in the more com-
mon typical form the elytra and tibiae are brownish-yellow more or less
tinged with fuscous. Head finely and densely punctate ; antennae with
third joint a little shorter than second, the two united but little longer
than fourth. Pronotum with carinas of side margins distinct only on
basal half; disk subconvex, but little narrowed in front, in great part
rather coarsely, deeply and very densely punctate and with a small me-
dian impression on apical third; hind margin sinuate. Scutellum feebly
convex, coarsely, not densely punctate. Elytra finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Abdomen slightly dilated at middle, the connexivum rarely nar-
rowly exposed. Length, 11 — 15 mm.; width, 2.3 — 3 mm.

Common throughout Indiana, more so in the northern coun-
ties, June 3 — Oct. 1. Taken most frequently on foliage and
flowers of Jersey-tea and other plants growing along the high,
dry sandy margins of streams and lakes. In autumn often
found crawling along the pathways in such places. A number
were once taken, June 7, from the dried skin and other remains
of a dead cow on a sandy hillside, and McAtee (1919, 8) also
mentions them as found in Virginia on carrion. Dunedin, Fla.,
April 2, one specimen swept from weeds. Known heretofore
from that State only by the single record of Montandon.

Ranges from Quebec and New England west to the Pacific
and south to Florida, Georgia and Texas, but apparently much
the more common north of latitude 38°. As noted in descrip-
tion, it varies much in color, the larger females often almost
wholly black. It is easily separated from conspersus by the char-
acters given in key, even by the sculpture and hairs of pro-

266 FAMILY VII. — CORISCHLE.

notum alone. Fracker (1918, 269) states that: "Throughout
its range the adults are numerous in late summer along road-
sides and the edges of woods on goldenrod and other fall flow-
ers. The young have been bred on Astragalus in Colorado, ap-
pearing the middle of May."

195 (324). CORISCUS CONSPERSUS (Montandon), 1893, 49.

Form of eurinus, averaging smaller. Head, apical third of prono-
tum, under surface and femora black, feebly bronzed ; elytra, basal por-
tion of pronotum and tibiae, except apex, brownish-yellow; basal joint of
tarsi in great part yellow; membrane dull yellow mottled with fuscous
dots; color of antennae as in eurinus; tip of scutellum and a spot near
front angle of connexival and ventral segments, yellow. Pronotum slightly
longer than wide, side margins straight, just visibly convergent from
base to apex, their edge with carina very fine, entire; disk very finely and
sparsely punctate, without antemedian impression as in eurinus, but with
a vague median impressed line along apical two-thirds; humeri ob-
tuse, rounded, a little more prominent and upcurved than in eurinus.
Length, 10 — 12 mm.; width, 2 — 2.3 mm.

Lake and Kosciusko counties, Ind., June 28 — Aug. 23. Oc-
curs with eurinus on various plants growing in dry sandy locali-
ties. Ranges from Quebec and New England west to Dakota
and Colorado ; not as yet recorded south of New Jersey. Frack-
er (1918, 270) states that: "In Wisconsin and neighboring
states it is much more common than cur in us. They mate in
September and October and the winter is apparently passed in
the egg stage." As noted under eurinus this species is readily
separated from that by the much finer and sparser punctuation
of pronotum. In eurinus both head and pronotum are clothed
with numerous rather coarse erect brown or black hairs. In
conspersus these are very few, but each one of the fine punc-
tures, as well as those of elytra and abdomen, bears a minute
appressed yellow hair.

Fracker has named the black form of eurinus var. obesus, and
the melanic smaller form of conspersus, having the membrane
infuscate, not dotted, as var. infuscatus, but these names, like
those of all others based on color, have little value, as there are
too many intergrading forms to which neither the specific nor
varietal name will strictly apply. He has also reduced to a
southern race or variety of conspersus the A. rufescens Barber
described (1911a, 30) from Arizona, since the genitalia are the
same as in the northern conspersus.

TRIBE III. — CORISCINI. 267

196 (327). CORISCUS pilosulus (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1848, 101.

Elongate, slender, depressed above, subconvex beneath. Color above
variable, usually grayish-yellow, the head fuscous, with tylus and a line
each side dull yellow, a narrow stripe below eye and the edge of side
margins of pronotum whitish; apical third of pronotum, tips of joints
1 — 3 of antenna?, tips of tibiae and tarsi fuscous or piceous-black; ter-
minal joint of antenna? dusky; connexivum as in eurinus; membrane pale
brown. Under surface and apical half or all of femora black with a
brownish lustre, thickly clothed with appressed whitish pubescence. An-
tenna? with basal joint a little longer and more slender than in eurinus,
but slightly shorter than second, third one-fourth shorter than second,
fourth stouter, not as long as second and third united. Pronotum longer
than wide, the sides straight and converging, the apex about two-thirds
the width of base ; humeri prominent, acute, slightly projecting upward ;
disk finely, evenly, not closely punctate; hind margin subtruncate, sinuate
on sides. Elytra finely and sparsely punctate. Length, 10 — 14 mm.;
width, 2 — 2.7 mm.

Common in the southern half of Indiana, less so in the north-
ern counties, July 12 — Oct. 15. Occurs with eurinus on various
flowers and foliage, especially those growing in sandy soil.
On Sept. 10 and again on Oct. 15 scores were once found
mating on the ground along the sandy bottom of the bed of
the old Wabash and Erie Canal in Vigo County. The bouncing
bet or soapwort, Saponaria officinalis L., grew in abundance along
the banks of the canal and in summer the bug was plentiful on
its foliage. Along a pathway on the sides of the high wooded
knobs near New Albany it was also common and mating on
Oct. 9.

Ormond, Sanford and Dunedin, Fla., Oct. 25 — April 4. Fre-
quent on weeds and grasses along the sandy margins of ponds.
Van Duzee found it "common and widely distributed in Flori-
da," and Barber records it from numerous stations. Its general
range is more southern than that of eurinus, extending from
New England west to Wisconsin and Nebraska and south and
southwest to Florida, Texas and California. One of the Dun-
edin specimens taken in December is almost wholly fuscous-
black above with membrane deep black, while the general hue
of another is brick-red, the membrane almost white. It is a
more slender species than eurinus and easily distinguished by
the prominent acute humeri and white edges of pronotum.

V. Tollius Stal, 1870, 213.

Small oblong pubescent parallel bodied species having the
head declivent, elongate-triangular, almost as long as prono-

268 FAMILY VII. — CORISCID.E.

turn ; beak stout reaching middle coxae, joint 2 subequal to 3
and 4 united, the third very short ; antennas half the length of
body, joint 1 shorter than head, 2 and 4 subequal, 3 slightly
shorter; pronotum subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, side
margins straight, entire, humeri not prominent, obtusely
rounded, hind margin subtruncate, not toothed; membrane
reaching tip of abdomen, its veins mostly simple; apex of
corium straight, oblique, its outer angle not reaching middle
of membrane ; elytra as wide as abdomen, connexivum not ex-
posed; front and middle femora and all the tibiae unarmed;
hind femora moderately swollen, surpassing abdomen and with
a row of stout spines beneath on outer margin ; basal joint of
hind tarsi more than twice as long as 2 and 3 united ; claspers
of male flat, approximate.

Two species are known, both occurring from the Rocky
Mountains westward, and one of them recorded also from
New York and Illinois.

197 (328). Tollius curtulus (Stal), 1859a, 234.

Elongate-oblong, depressed above, convex beneath. Above dull yel-
low mottled with fuscous. Head fuscous with a median and two lateral
lines reddish-yellow; antennae greenish-yellow, the apical joint dusky;
pronotum dull yellow sprinkled with fuscous dots and punctures, the
apical half with two blackish median lines, divergent behind and sep-
arated by a narrow yellowish one; both pronotum and head with nu-
merous erect blackish hairs; scutellum fuscous, the tip pale; elytra with
numerous small fuscous blotches, the small sparse punctures each bearing
a minute yellow appressed hair; membrane pale mottled with vague fus-
cous dots; under surface with sides fuscous, the middle reddish-brown;
femora in great part fuscous to piceous, tibia? and tarsi dull greenish-
yellow. Structural characters as under generic heading. Length, 11 — 12
mm.; width, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Stanford University, Cal., May 14 {Gerhard). Recorded from
New York, Illinois, Colorado, Utah, Oregon, California and
British Columbia. Resembles in form and general appearance
a Catorhintha. The New York record is that of Barber (1911a,
31), from Kingsbridge.

VI. Stachyocnemus Stal, 1870, 215.

Small elongate-oblong pubescent and bristly species having
the head declivent, triangular, strongly narrowed and much
produced in front of antennae; beak as in Tollius, reaching
middle of mesosternum ; antennae slightly passing base of pro-
notum, first joint reaching apex of head, slightly longer than

TRIBE III. — CORISCINI. 269

either 2 or 3, which are subequal, 4 shortest, stouter, fusiform ;
pronotum as wide at base as long, sides straight, entire, con-
verging from the acute humeri to apex, hind margin sinuate
and with a small median tooth ; corium with apex as in Tollius;
abdomen slightly dilated at middle, connexivum narrowly ex-
posed ; membrane equalling or slightly passing tip of abdomen,
its veins few, simple ; hind femora clavate, surpassing abdomen,
armed beneath with two rows of small curved spines ; hind
tibiae longer than femora, armed with two rows of spines, those
of the inner row longer than those of femora. Genital plate of
male scoop-shaped, emarginate at tip, the claspers concealed.
One species is known.

198 (330). Stachyocnemus apicalis (Dallas), 1852, 479.

Elongate-oblong, depressed above, convex beneath, the upper sur-
face, legs and antennae clothed with nu-
merous erect hairs and grayish or reddish-
brown pubescence. Above grayish-yellow or
piceous-brown tinged with reddish; prono-
tum with a large brown or piceous triangle
on base, this extended forward to apex by
a narrow median line; connexivum piceous,
the upper front angle of each segment with
a yellow spot, or grayish-yellow mottled
with fuscous ; antennae grayish- or reddish-
brown, the apical joint darker; under sur-
face and femora varying from pale gray-
ish sprinkled with fuscous dots to almost
wholly piceous; tibiae and tarsi brownish-
Fig. 56, x 4. (After Fracker). yellow, more or less tinged with fuscous.
Structural characters as under generic heading. Length, 7.5 — 8 mm. ;
width, 2—2.5 mm. (Fig. 56).

Hessville, Lake Co., Ind., Sept. 22 {Gerhard). Dunedin, Fla.,
one specimen, Dec. 15 {W.S.B.). Raleigh, N. Car., Oct. 10
(Brimley). Ranges from New York and New Jersey west and
south across the United States. The types of Dallas were from
St. John's Bluff, Fla., and it is recorded by Van Duzee from St.
Petersburg and Estero, that State. Occurs apparently only
in sandy regions, where, at times, it may be found in numbers
running over the ground like a Cicindela. Vestal (1913, 29)
says that it is common in the basin of small sand blowouts in
northwestern Illinois, June — October, being one of the few
characteristic basin insects of that region. The North Carolina
specimen is brachypterous, the membrane reaching only to

270 FAMILY VIII. — CORIZID^.

middle of fourth segment of dorsum. Fracker (1918, 276) has
given the varietal name cinereus to the paler form.

Family VIII. CORIZIDJE Mayr, 1868, 121.
The Scentless Plant Bugs.

Small or medium sized oval or oblong-oval species possessing
the majority of the characters of the Coreidse but having the
head always triangular, narrowed and more or less projected
forward in front of antennse; basal joint of antennae always
shorter than head, the terminal one thicker than the second
and third ; apex of corium straight or nearly so ; fourth dorsal
segment of abdomen sinuate at middle on both the front and
hind margins, or at least on the hind one, where the sinuation
receives a median forward-prolonged lobe from the fifth seg-
ment ; osteolar openings in our species obsolete ; sixth ventral
of female not slit at middle.

The species are, for the most part, of small size and pale in
color and occur, often in numbers, in late summer and autumn,
upon weeds and other plants growing in open fields and along
the borders of woods and roadsides. The family is by Stal and
Van Duzee treated as a subfamily of the Coreidse, but by more
recent writers as a distinct family. Van Duzee, in his Cata-
logue, recognizes three tribes, six genera and 29 species from
the United States. Of these all the tribes, five of the genera
and 16 of the species are represented in the eastern states. The
principal available literature most useful in the study of the
family is as follows : Stal, 1870, 1873 ; Hambleton, 1908 ; Baker,
1908; Torre Bueno, 1912a; Gibson, 1917a, 1919.

KEY TO TRIBES OF CORIZID-F.

a. Hind femora spined beneath; front angles of pronotum prolonged
forward in an acute spine. Tribe I. Harmostini, p. 270.

aa. Hind femora unarmed beneath; front angles of pronotum obtuse,
unarmed.
b. Head abruptly narrowed behind the eyes into a distinct neck; side
margins of pronotum entire; general color pale; smaller, length,
not over 9 mm. Tribe II. Corizini, p. 276.

bb. Head not narrowed behind the eyes; side margins of pronotum
notched near front angles ; general color black with red mark-
ings; larger, 11 or more mm. Tribe III. Leptocorini, p. 283.

Tribe I. HARMOSTINI Stal, 1873, 97.

Small oblong-oval species having the head porrect, broader

TRIBE I. — HARMOSTINI. 271

across the eyes than apex of pronotum ; tylus longer than
cheeks and compressed between them ; beak passing middle
coxae, its third and fourth joints subequal; antennae half or
more the length of the body, basal joint stout, half the length of
the head, second and third slender, fourth stouter and shorter,
fusiform ; pronotum broadest across the humeri, narrowed and
somewhat declivent toward apex, side margins more or less
concave, their edges recurved and with front angles acute, pro-
longed forward; scutellum small triangular, the clavi meeting
behind its apex; front and middle legs slender, unarmed, hind
ones longer, their femora clavate, armed beneath on apical half
with three or four strong spines and finer spinules intervening.
Three genera are known, all occurring in the United States,
two being represented in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF HARMOSTINI.

a. Pronotum without a distinct median impression between two short
ridges; abdomen not dilated at middle, the connexivum concealed.

I. Harmostes.
aa. Pronotum with a median impression, limited each side by a short
ridge; abdomen dilated at middle, the connexivum broadly ex-
posed. II. Aufeius.

I. Harmostes Burmeister, 1835, 307.

This genus, with diagnostic characters as set forth under
tribal heading and in key, is represented by 16 species, all from
the New World. Of these seven occur in America north of Mexi-
co, four in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF HARMOSTES.

a. Side margins of pronotum finely toothed or crenulate.
b. Second and third joints of antenna? subequal; abdomen dull yellow
with fuscous markings; length, 6 — 7 mm. 199. affinis.

bb. Second joint of antenna? shorter than third; abdomen greenish-yel-
low, thickly sprinkled with reddish dots; length, 7 — 8 mm.

200. SERRATUS.
aa. Side margins of pronotum entire.

c. Basal joints of antenna? reaching or but slightly surpassing apex

of head; second and third joints subequal. 201. fraterculus.

cc. Basal joints of antenna? surpassing apex of head about one-half

their length; second joint shorter than third. 202. reflexulus.

199 (340). Harmostes affinis Dallas, 1852, 522.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed above, subconvex beneath. Above gray-
ish-yellow, thickly marked with fuscous or reddish-brown punctures ; an-
tennae dull yellow, apical joint in part fuscous; apical margin of scu-

272 FAMILY VIII. — CORIZID^E.

tellum yellow; membrane hyaline, sparsely mottled with fuscous dots;
costal edge of elytra alternated with yellow and fuscous; under surface
dull yellow, the sides of abdomen, a spot at base of sixth ventral and two
spots between front and middle coxa? fuscous; legs dull yellow, the apical
half of hind femora fuscous vaguely mottled with paler. Antennal
spines short, slightly divergent, not reaching basal third of first joint,
the latter surpassing apex of head by one-half its length. Beak reach-
ing middle of metasternum. Pronotum with humeri broadly rounded,
sides rather deeply concave, margins crenulate; disk with a fine slightly
raised smooth median line, elsewhere evenly not densely punctate. Scu-
tellum similarly punctate, its margins thickened, apex rounded. Length,
6 — 7 mm. ; width, 2 — 2.3 mm.

Dunedin, Ft. Myers and Key West, Fla., Nov. 22 — April 1 ;
Orizaba, Mex., Aug. 2 (W.S.B.). Taken by sweeping vegeta-
tion along the borders of tidewater lagoons and in low moist
grounds. Recorded by Barber also from Biscayne Bay and Key
Largo, and known from Texas, the West Indies and Mexico.
This is the species determined by Van Duzee (1909, 161) as
affinis Dallas, but the original description is so short and un-
satisfactory that comparison with the type should be made.
Dallas states that the beak "vix ad basin pedum posticorum
attingenti," which is true of the species in hand, whereas he
says of his perpunctatus, a synonym of serratus, "rostro abdomi-
nis basin attingenti." In Gibson's key (1917a, 441) the reverse
of this is stated.

200 (335). Harmostes serratus (Fabricius), 1794, 75.

Form of affinis but longer. Above dull yellow, thickly marked with
reddish-brown punctures and sprinkled with reddish dots; membrane
longer with more distinct fuscous or reddish dots; under surface yellow
thickly sprinkled with small reddish dots and points; tarsi in part fus-
cous; color otherwise as in affinis. Basal joint of antennae but little sur-
passing apex of head, the spines at its base longer than in affinis; second
joint one-fourth or more shorter than third; beak reaching base of ab-
domen. Pronotum with humeri subacute, disk more strongly declivent
and more narrowed in front than in affinis, finely, densely punctate and
with a fine median line; side margins more deeply concave, their edge
serrulate. Scutellum with apex slightly narrower, its margin less
thickened. Length, 8 — 9 mm.; width, 2.3 — 2.5 mm.

R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 12 (W. S. B.) ; one swept from roadside
herbage. Brownsville, Tex., Aug. 2. {Gerhard). A neotropical
species recorded by Uhler as occurring in Arizona, Mexico,
California and Cuba, and by Van Duzee (1917, 117) only from
Texas and Florida. Gibson (1917a, 444) gives its range as
"Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, West Indies, Central America
and practically the entire United States." The specimens at
hand are much paler than those of affinis from Florida.

TRIBE I. — HARMOSTINI.

273

201 (339). Harmostes fraterculus (Say), 1832, 10; I, 324.

Elongate oval. Reddish-brown, often with a reddish tinge; costal
margin of elytra with a row of fuscous dots ; membrane hyaline with
numerous similar dots ; under surface and legs nearly uniform
reddish-yellow, the apical third of hind femora dusky. Basal joint
of antennae short, thick, scarcely passing the acute apex of
head, second very little longer than third ; fourth slightly longer than
first, pubescent; beak passing hind coxa?. Pronotum with humeral angles
rounded, front portion rather strongly declivent, its side margins broadly
concave, entire; disk with a fine median line, rather coarsely and densely
punctate, each puncture, as well as those of elytra, under surface and
femora, enclosing a minute yellow scale. Scutellum sparsely punctate and
with a median raised line, the edges strongly reflexed. Length, 6 — 8 mm.;
width, 2—2.3 mm.

Putnam, Posey, Perry and Crawford counties, Ind., Aug. 2 —
Sept. 24. Swept from flowers of boneset, Eupatorium perfoliatum
L., and other Compositse in marshy places. A species of south-
ern range extending from New Jersey west through southern
Indiana to Oklahoma and south to Georgia, Arizona, California,
and Central America. Easily known by its entire margins of
pronotum, short basal joint of antennae, long beak and row of
distinct fuscous dots along the margin of elytra.

202 (336). Harmostes reflexulus (Say), 1832, 10; I, 323.

Elongate-oval. Above greenish-yellow to pale reddish-brown sprin-
kled with scattering fuscous or reddish dots ; costal margin of elytra with
a few vague fuscous points; membrane clear hyaline; under surface and

legs greenish-yellow, often sprinkled with
minute reddish dots, the tip of the beak,
fourth antennal and tarsal claws fuscous.
Antennae as in key, the spines at base very
acute, the basal joint rugose-granulate.
Beak scarcely reaching hind coxae. Prono-
tum with front portion but little declivent,
its side margins strongly reflexed, entire,
but slightly concave, humeri rounded; disk
with a fine median line, the apical third
finely and closely, the remainder coarsely
confluently punctate. Elytra coarsely, not
densely punctate, the punctures each en-
closing a minute yellow bristle. Length,
7.5—9 mm.; width, 2.2—2.7 mm. (Fig. 57).

Common throughout Indiana, May
16 — Jan. 13. Hibernates beneath basal

Fig. d7, X a. (Original).

leaves of mullein, half buried logs

274 FAMILY VIII. — CORIZID^E.

and other cover, and in summer and autumn occurs on flowers
of various Composite along borders of meadows and streams.

Ormond, Dunedin, R. P. Park and Saratosa, Fla. ; common,
Tsov. 19 — April 22, on weeds and low shrubs in open pine woods
and about lakes and ponds. Recorded by Van Duzee as "common
everywhere in Florida."

This is the most frequent and widely distributed Harmostes
in the United States, ranging over the whole area of this coun-
try. It is recorded from Canada only from British Columbia,
but doubtless occurs throughout the southern portion. Though
mentioned in most of the local lists, nothing is said of its habits.
In color it is quite variable, some specimens being pale yellow-
ish-green without fuscous spots, others reddish-brown with
pronotum often tinged with fuscous and elytra with numerous
fuscous dots. The tylus is so convex as to be prominently ele-
vated above the cheeks so that Say gave "head carinate before,"
as one of his two leading characters.

— (338). Harmostes—? obliquus Say, 1832, 11; I, 324.

"All above punctured; rostrum and head rather short. Body pale
yellowish-rufous; head obviously punctured, not extending to tip of
first joint of antennae; antennae, first joint robust; second hardly two-
thirds as long as third; thorax with rather large punctures; no obvious
transverse impressed line; hemelytra, on the corium with large separate
punctures; posterior edge very oblique and elongated; membrane im-
maculate, undulated by the nervures ; beneath more obviously tinged
with rufous; feet paler; rostrum hardly reaching the intermediate coxae.
Length less than three-twentieths of an inch. It may be distinguished by
the remarkable obliquity of the terminal line of the corium. Inhabits the
United States."

The above is the original description of Say's Syromastes obli-
quus, which follows immediately after those of his S. reflexulus
and S. fraterculus. It is not at present known to what insect the
name rightfully belongs. As the three forms were the only ones
placed by him in Syromastes it must be closely allied to the two
above described, though much smaller (3.5 mm.). From his
distribution note it must also have been a common species of
wide range.

II. Aufeius Stal, 1870, 221.

Small oval species closely allied to Harmostes but having the
eyes and ocelli less prominent ; antennae shorter and stouter, the
first joint but slightly passing apex of head, second shorter

TRIBE I. — HARMOSTINI. 275

than third, fourth stouter, fusiform ; beak reaching middle
coxae; pronotum much as in Haniwstcs, the margins finely crenu-
late, disk with a vague linear elevation each side of middle,
reaching from apical to basal fourth, with an oblong shallow
impression between them ; abdomen rather widely inflated at
middle, the connexivum broadly exposed, its margin curved ;
legs short, hind femora scarcely passing fifth ventral, not
greatly swollen, the apical half armed beneath with fewer and
smaller spines than in Harmostes. One species is. known.

203 (341). Aufeius impressicollis Stal, 1870, 222.

Oblong oval, depressed above. Pale grayish-yellow, thickly marked
above with fuscous dots and punctures; head dull yellow; antennae dusky
brown; connexivum alternated with fuscous and dull yellow; membrane
whitish hyaline, immaculate, not or but slightly passing abdomen; under
surface and legs dull yellow, more or less mottled with fuscous and with
a blackish spot behind each of the front coxae. Head granulate-punctate,
subquadrate behind the antenna?, the tylus convex. Pronotum with humeri
obtusely rounded, side margins but slightly concave; disk finely and
densely punctate, the hind margin subtruncate. Scutellum similarly
punctate, the apex rounded with margins reflexed. Elytra in great part
membranous, hyaline, the veins coriaceous, elevated, the clavi alone punc-
tate, and only at base. Sternal pleura densely punctate; ventrals mi-
nutely transversely striate. Length, 5 — 6 mm.; width, 1.7 — 2 mm.

Marion and Vigo counties, Ind., Sept. 12 — 21 (W. S. B.). Den-
ver, Colo., July 13; Faywood, N. Mex., June 5 {Gerhard).
My single Marion county specimen was swept from the borders
of a timothy meadow, while the Vigo County one was taken
from the window of the high school building in Terre Haute.
Its known range extends from Ohio west to South Dakota and
Colorado and southwest to Texas, California and Mexico. Os-
born and Drake (1915, 506) recorded it as taken in large num-
bers at Columbus, O., while sweeping grasses on the university
farm. Uhler (1877, 407) swept it from bushes in the suburbs
west of Denver, Colo., and says that "some of the more mature
specimens were powdered beneath with a white mealy sub-
stance." The abdomen in the Indiana and New Mexico speci-
mens at hand is thickly sprinkled with small reddish points and
has two rows of irregular blackish spots on each side. In the
Colorado one it is devoid of the reddish points and thickly mot-
tled throughout with fuscous. While closely resembling some of
the species of Harmostes it is easily recognized by the dilated ab-
domen and by having the elytra in great part membranous.

276

FAMILY VIII. — CORIZID.-E.

Tribe II. CORIZINI Stal, 1872a, 54.

Since this tribe contains only the one genus, Corizus, the
characterization is set forth under the genus heading.

I. Corizus4" Fallen, 1814, 8.

Small oval or oblong-oval pubescent species possessing the
characters given under the family heading and having the head
triangular, broader across the eyes than apex of pronotum,
prolonged in front of antennae and abruptly narrowed behind
the eyes ; ocelli separated by a space twice or more greater than
their distance from eyes; antennae less than half the length
of body, without spines at base, the first joint scarcely reaching
or but slightly passing apex of head ; beak rarely passing hind
coxa?; pronotum trapezoidal, its front portion slightly declivent,
transversely impressed near apex, side margins not carinate
or produced forward in front, disk with a feebly elevated medi-
an line ; scutellum triangular, longer than wide ; elytra in great
part membranous and hyaline, only the veins, costal margin
and apex of corium coriaceous and opaque ; membrane usually
surpassing abdomen, its veins numerous, simple ; abdomen
feebly dilated, connexivum narrowly exposed ; metapleura usu-
ally prolonged and thinner posteriorly ; osteole wanting ; legs
slender, unarmed.

The genus is cosmopolitan in distribution and contains many
species which, on account of close similarity in structure and
wide variation in color, are difficult to classify. They resemble
very closely the small Lygaeids of the genus Nysius and are by
beginners often confused with them. Van Duzee recognizes 13
species and numerous varieties from America north of Mexico.
Of these eight are known from the eastern states.

Fig.
hya linus ;

58.
c, of

Abdominal disks of females of Corizus. a, of C. viridicatus ; b, of
punctatus ; d, of bohemanii. All much enlarged. (After Hambleton).

1"McAtee & Malloch (1923, 162) state that the generic name Corpus Fallen
(1814) is preoccupied by Coryna Wolff (1811, IV). They state, however, that Aggasiz
has an "entry to the effect that there is a Coryna Gartner in Pallas, Elenchus Zoo-
phytorum, etc., 1766." This reference, they have been unable to find in the copy
of Pallas at their command. As there may have been more than one edition of the
Pallas work, 1 prefer to retain the name Corizus under which our species are well
known.

TRIBE II. — CORIZINI. 277

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CORIZUS.

a. Outer hind border of metapleura not expanded and prolonged pos-
teriorly, the hind margin subtruncate, its outer angle broadly
rounded; transverse impression of pronotum ending each side in
a loop.

b. Connexivum spotted; length, 6.5 — 8.5 mm. 204. crassicornis.
bb. Connexivum wholly pale (fig. 58, a) ; length, 5 — 6 mm.

205. VIRIDICATUS.

aa. Outer hind border of metapleura expanded and prolonged back-
ward, the hind margin sinuate, its outer angle subacute or
rounded; transverse impression of pronotum not ending in a loop;
length rarely over 6 mm.

c. Last segment of abdomen short and broad, its apex truncate in

female (fig. 58, b) , evenly rounded in male; side margins of
pronotum usually distinctly paler than the disk.

206. HYALINUS.

cc. Last ventral of abdomen distinctly longer, its apex acute or round-
ed in female, obtusely rounded in male; side margins of pro-
notum not distinctly paler than disk.
d. Dorsum banded with black, the second and sixth segments paler;
beak slightly passing hind coxae; southern species. 207. sid^e.
del. Dorsum without black transverse bands ; beak not passing hind
coxae.
e. Connexivum pale without spots or with very faint ones; beak
reaching to or almost to hind coxae; last dorsal of female with
apex obtusely rounded. 208. lateralis.

ee. Connexivum spotted, sometimes nearly wholly dark; beak not
reaching hind coxae.
/. Last dorsal of female very long (fig. 58, c), acutely pointed.

209. PUNCTATUS.

ff. Last dorsal of female not greatly lengthened (fig. 58, d) , its

apex not acute.

g. Pronotum with a whitish median calloused line; body not

densely hairy; larger, length, 5 — 6 mm. 210. bohemanii.

gg. Pronotum without median line; body densely clothed with long

fine hairs; smaller, 3.5 — 4.5 mm. 211. hirtus.

204 (345). Corizus crassicornis (Linnaeus), 1758, 448.

Elongate-oval, depressed above, subconvex beneath, thinly clothed
with very short pubescence. Above brownish- or grayish-yellow, usually
sprinkled or clouded with fuscous ; head yellow, a spot between ocellus
and eye, and a stripe on basal joint of antennae blackish; transverse
impression of pronotum, small spots on nerves of elytra and one on each
segment of connexivum fuscous ; dorsum black, a pale spot at middle of
third and fourth segments and two on the fifth, the sixth pale with a
median black spot; under surface yellow, the abdomen usually mottled
with fuscous and numerous minute reddish dots; legs yellow with nu-
merous black dots. Head with vertex broad, the cheeks subconvex,
reaching nearly to tip of tylus; basal joint of antennae passing apex of

278

FAMILY VIII. — CORIZID.-E.

.■••

Fig. 59, Female X 5
(After Hambleton).

head, second one-third longer than third,
the latter slightly shorter than fourth.
Disk of pronotum with hind angles ob-
tusely rounded, hind lobe finely, evenly
and densely punctate and with two
broad obtuse longitudinal ridges sepai*ated
by a shallow groove, the transverse im-
pression of front one ending in a loop
^, each side. Scutellum with margins feebly
reflexed, apex narrowly rounded. Last
dorsal of female broadly triangular, its
apex rounded. Length, 6 — 8.5 mm. ;
width, 2.7—3.5 mm. (Fig. 59).

Paris, Me., June 11 (Frost). Sulli-
van Co., N. Y., Sept. 16 (Davis).
Chimney Gulch, Colo., Aug. 27. Hel-
ena, Mont., July 7 (Gerhard). Not as
yet recognized from Indiana but re-
corded from Ohio. Ranges from Quebec and New England west
to the Pacific ; not recorded in the east south of New Jersey,
though known from Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. It is a
cosmopolitan palsearctic species, common in northern Europe
and Japan. Van Duzee recognized nine varieties, based mainly
on color forms. Uhler (1876, 301) says that: "Like C. hyalinus
and C. lateralis it at times becomes suffused with a red color
which totally changes its appearance." In this country it has
usually been recorded as C. punctiventris (Dall.), a synonym.

205 (344). Corizus viridicatus (Uhler), 1872, 404.

Closely allied to crassicornis, but more slender with sides subparal-
lel. Pale straw-yellow, more or less tinged with green, rather thickly
clothed with fine whitish pubescence; stripe on basal joint of antenna?,
ocellar tubercles and line between them and eye, transverse impression
and more or less of disk of pronotum and an elongate spot on sixth
dorsal, usually more or less black: nervures of elytra with a few minute
brown spots; femora and tibia? with numerous small brown dots. Beak
reaching hind coxa?. Ocellar tubercles very small. Disk of pronotum
coarsely and rather closely punctuate. Abdomen with sides parallel,
the connexivum narrowly exposed, male; slightly widened behind mid-
dle, connexivum rather broadly exposed, female. Apex of last dorsal in
both sexes broadly rounded (fig. 58, a) . Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Ft. Collins, Colo., June 17—30 (Osborn). Manitou, Colo. (U.
S. N. Mus.) . Recorded from District of Columbia by Barber
(1914a, 171). Its general range is western, extending from
Nebraska and the Dakotas to the Pacific. Uhler (1877, 407)
recorded it as a variety of hyalinus and stated that : "It lodges in

TRIBE II. — CORIZINI.

279

Fig. 60. Female X 7.
(After Hambleton) .

the flowers of various weeds and seems to be common upon
the plains, foothills and parks in the mountains."

206 (343). Corizus hyalinus (Fabricius) , 1794, 168.

Elongate-oblong, sparsely pubescent. Pale yellow varying to red-
dish or dark brown; head with an interrupted basal transverse line and

some marks in front of eyes, black; an-
tennae dull yellow, dotted with fuscous,
the basal joint usually with a black line;
pronotum with transverse impression and
a spot on humeri blackish, disk with fus-
cous punctures, the side margins usually
rather broadly pale yellow; scutellum
with disk blackish, the edges and tip yel-
low; elytra with apical nervures dotted
with fuscous, the apex of corium often red-
dish; connexivum yellow, often with a
dark spot on each segment; membrane
clear hyaline, surpassing the abdomen;
under surface pale yellow, the sides of
abdomen often in part darker; mesoster-
num black at middle; legs yellow with
numerous very small fuscous dots; dor-
sum in great part black, the margin of
the sixth segment with pale spots, male, or wholly pale, female. First
joint of antenna? scarcely reaching apex of head, second and third sub-
equal, fourth longest. Pronotum subconvex, declivent in front ; trans-
verse impression rather wide, hind angles obtusely rounded, disk finely,
not densely punctate. Scutellum with a vague elevated median line,
edges raised, tip narrowly rounded. Length, 5.5 — 6.5 mm.; width, 1.8 —
2.5 mm. (Fig. 60).

Marion and Knox counties, Ind. ; common near Indianapolis,
in all stages, Sept. 12, on weeds and grasses along a railway;
probably occurs throughout the State. Dunedin and R. P.
Park, Fla., Nov. 17 — April 8 ; scarce at Dunedin on herbage
along margins of citrus groves and the bay front. Recorded
by Barber from five stations between Estero and Jacksonville.
It also is a cosmopolitan species, known in this country from
Massachusetts to Wyoming and south to Florida, Arizona and
California, also from Mexico and the West Indies. It appears
to be scarce in the northeastern states, having been reported
only from Massachusetts, Ohio and Maryland. The usually
wholly pale sides of pronotum, yellow tip of scutellum and trun-
cate sixth dorsal of female, are the principal distinctions be-
tween it and our other species. In all but one of the specimens

280

FAMILY VIII. — CORIZID^E.

v*-

Fig. 61. Male X 7.
(After Hambleton).

at hand the connexivum is yellow or orange with black spots,
in the darker individuals these spots being- very prominent.

207 (346). Corizus sidjE (Fabricius), 1794, 169.

Oblong-oval, rather thickly pubescent. Above dull grayish-yellow
to dark brown, often rather thickly sprinkled with brown or reddish

dots; head sometimes with a median

\S brownish line extending back to pronotal

/ impression; terminal joint of antennae in

great part fuscous; dorsum with black
bars across segments 3 — 5, these separat-
ed on connexivum by narrow pale lines;
sixth segment usually wholly pale in fe-
male, with a median dark stripe, male;
membrane hyaline, surpassing the abdo-
men, sometimes sprinkled with reddish
dots ; under surface yellow, thickly mot-
tled with reddish-brown spots; mesoster-
num blackish at middle; femora annulate
with black; tibiae and tarsi with blackish
dots. Head short, its apex bluntly trian-
gular; basal joint of antennae not reach-
ing its tip, second longest, third and
fourth subequal. Pronotum with basal
portion convex, rather strongly declivent;
sides distinctly converging, the apex two-thirds the width of base; disk
finely and densely punctate, usually with scattered minute reddish
tubercles, the smooth median line fine, distinct throughout. Scutellum
similarly sculptured, the tip narrow. Abdomen short, dilated at mid-
dle, the connexivum relatively widely exposed. Length, 4.5 — 6.3 mm.;
width, 2—3 mm. (Fig. 61).

Dunedin, Ft. Myers, Utopia, Royal Palm Park and Key West,
Fla., Nov. 21 — April 5. Frequent about Dunedin throughout
the winter and spring on low herbage, especially that of the
prickly sida, Sida spinosa L., growing in rather moist grounds.
Recorded also from Crescent City and St. Petersburg, and
probably occurs in numbers throughout southern Florida and
more sparingly so in the northern portion. In one Dunedin ex-
ample the membrane is marked with numerous red dots. It is
a neotropical American species, known from Patagonia north-
ward and recorded in this country from Maryland, Georgia,
Florida, Oklahoma, Texas and Arizona. Like our other species
it varies much in color but is quite easily distinguished by its
relatively short broad form, dilated abdomen, long beak, banded
dorsum, and in having the second antennal joint longer than
either third or fourth.

TRIBE II. — CORIZINI. 281

208 (348). Corizus lateralis (Say), 1825, 320; II, 245.

Elongate-oval, depressed above, convex beneath. Pale dull yellow,
often strongly suffused with reddish; antennae yellow tinged with fus-
cous, the basal joint with one or two black lines; a small blackish spot
behind each eye, a faint one on humeri and some fuscous dots on nerves
of corium usually present; membrane clear hyaline, surpassing abdo-
men ; connexivum yellow, rarely with a faint dark spot near front angles
of each segment; dorsum pale, black at base, second segment with me-
dian black spot, third, fourth and fifth each with three or four smaller
rounded or curved black spots, sixth with a median black stripe, these
darker spots or stripes often reddish-brown ; under surface usually uni-
form reddish-yellow with sternum black at middle, rarely with sides of
abdomen reddish-brown; legs yellow with black dots. Antennse with
basal joint reaching apex of head, 2 — 4 subequal. Ocellar tubercles
prominent. Pronotum relatively short, feebly declivent, disk finely and
densely punctate, the transverse impression reaching the margins, the
median line obvious, but very fine. Scutellum constricted near apical
third, coarsely not densely punctate, its edges raised and apex sub-
acute. Abdomen but slightly wider than pronotum, its margins sub-
parallel; connexivum narrowly or not at all exposed. Sixth dorsal of
female broadly triangular with apex rounded; of male somewhat pro-
longed, subspatulate. Length, 5 — 7.5 mm. ; width, 2 — 3 mm.

Common in southern Indiana, March 11 — Dec. 1; not taken
north of Marion County though probably occurs sparingly
throughout the State. Hibernates as imago beneath cover on
the ground and beneath loose bark of logs and snags. In late
autumn and early spring taken by sifting dead leaves and other
surface debris. In May and June taken on foliage of various
kinds, especially that of red-bud, Cercis canadensis L., along the
borders of thickets and in open woodland. In late summer and
early autumn found on weeds and grasses in timothy meadows
and waste places.

Dunedin, Fla., scarce, March 14 — 28, swept from herbage in
low moist grounds (W. S.B.). Recorded only from Sanford
and Tampa, that State. Lakehurst, N. J., July 12 {Davis).
Agricultural College, Miss. {Weed). Its known range extends
from New England west to Colorado and south and southwest
to Florida, Texas, Arizona and Mexico. Uhler (1876, 301)
says that: "In Maryland it may be found by beating rank
growths on the borders of woods ; the first brood late in May
to early in July, the second August — October. It hibernates as
adult." Hambleton in an excellent account of its life history
(1909, 272) states that the native food plant is a smart-weed,
Polygonum pennsylvanicum L., which is common throughout the

282 FAMILY VIII. — corizid;e.

range of the insect. The general pale hue, unspotted connexi-
vum and abdomen, subequal joints of antennae, prominent ocel-
lar tubercles, and numerous small fuscous dots on elytral
nerves are the principal distinguishing characters. The ven-
trals are sometimes sprinkled with numerous red dots, but
never with fuscous spots and blotches. Two females at hand
are 7.5 mm. in length.

209 (351). CORizus punctatus Signoret, 1859, 81.

Oblong-oval. Dark grayish-white to reddish-brown, head usually
with a median blackish line; nodules of humeral angles of pronotum,
some scattered oblong spots on base and near apex of scutellum and on
veins of elytra, fuscous-brown ; membrane clear hyaline, but slightly
surpassing the pointed tip of abdomen; connexivum pale with a small
black spot on each segment (fig. 58, c) ; under surface and legs green-
ish-yellow, the pleura and femora thickly flecked with purplish-brown
points and dots; middle of mesosternum black. Antennae with joints 1
to 3 greenish-yellow with vague fuscous lines, 1 slightly passing tip of
tylus, 4 fuscous-brown. Base of pronotum one-third wider than apex,
hind angles with an obtuse tubercle. Scutellum coarsely punctate, its
margins raised and calloused near base and apex, the apical fourth
concave. Female with sixth dorsal and ventral both long and pointed,
male with apex of last dorsal rounded. Length, 4.5 — 5.5 mm.

Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz., Aug. 26 (U.S.Nat.Mus.). A
neotropical species recorded from Sanford, Fla., by Van Duzee.
Its general range is southwestern, extending from Texas and
Arizona south to Mexico and Guatemala.

210 (349). Corizus bohemanii Signoret, 1859, 86.

Oblong-oval, thinly pubescent. Above dark reddish-brown to fus-
cous-black; head with a median blackish line; antennae in great part
fuscous, joints 3 and 4 pale at base and tip; narrow median line of pro-
notum and scutellum and extreme tip of the latter, pale yellow; nervures
of elytra pale with black dots ; connexivals alternated with black and
yellow, sometimes with only a small dark spot near apical angle; mem-
brane pale hyaline, reaching or but slightly passing tip of abdomen;
dorsum dark brown or black with a pale X-shaped spot at middle (fig.
58, d) , the last segment usually black with a pale spot each side at base
and another at tip; under surface usually pale yellow or reddish-brown,
the abdomen sometimes with margins fuscous and middle sprinkled with
reddish or fuscous dots; legs dull yellow marked with fuscous dots.
First joint of antennae not reaching apex of head, 2 and 4 subequal, 3
slightly shorter. Pronotum but little declivent, disk finely and densely
punctate, the median line distinct. Scutellum more coarsely punctate,
the edges raised except at middle, tip acute, median line obsolete at base
and apex. Abdomen feebly dilated at middle; connexivum narrowly ex-
posed, male, more broadly so, female. Sixth dorsal of female broader

TRIBE II. — CORIZINI. 283

than long, the apex pointed; of male somewhat prolonged, the apex
rounded. Length, 5 — 6 mm.; width, 2.5 — 3 mm.

Frequent in southern Indiana, May 16 — Oct. 17. No speci-
mens are at hand from the northern counties, though it doubt-
less occurs sparingly throughout that region. Sherborn, Mass.,
Oct. 24 (Frost). Found in autumn on weeds along the margins
of meadows and roadsides, and in early summer on flowers of
shrubs along the borders of thickets, especially those of the
dogwood, Cornus alter ni 'folia L. Probably hibernates as imago
as it is sometimes found beneath logs in October. Recorded
from Miami, Lakeland, La Grange, Daytona, St. Augustine and
Pablo Beach, Fla., and probably occurs over the northern two-
thirds of that State. Its general range is northern, extending
from Quebec and New England west to British Columbia and
Colorado and south and west to Florida, Texas, Arizona and
California. By most American authors it has been recorded as
Corizus nigristernum Sign., now regarded as a synonym of C.
lateralis. About Buffalo, N. Y., Van Duzee (1894, 173) found
it "abundant in fields and pastures and reaching maturity about
June 15." It is darker in general hue than our other northern
species and this, with the X-shaped pale mark on dorsum, dis-
tinct pale median line of pronotum and subacute apex of last
dorsal of female are the principal characters for its identifica-
tion.

211 (355). Corizus hirtus Bueno, 1912a, 217.

Oblong-oval. Dark brown, thickly clothed with suberect yellowish
hairs ; elytra milky white, veins of corium darker ; under surface and
tibiae more or less greenish-yellow. Head as broad across eyes as long,
\vider than front margin of pronotum, without antenniferous tubercles ;
antennas shorter than head and pronotum united, joint 1 shortest,
reaching tip of tylus; 2 longest; 4 very stout, fusiform, longer than 3.
Pronotum coarsely, densely punctate, humeral angles rounded, promi-
nent. Scutellum broad at base, longer than head, rounded apically,
constricted at middle. Elytra dimorphic, in macropterous form slightly
surpassing and narrower than abdomen ; in brachypterous form reach-
ing fourth or fifth dorsal. Length, 3.5 — 4.5 mm.

Yaphank, Long Island, N. Y. (Bueno). Recorded only from
New York and Massachusetts. The types were taken by Bueno
in a sandy grassy spot in the pine woods near Yaphank. It is
our smallest and most pubescent species.

Tribe III. LEPTOCORINI Van Duzee, 1914, 379.

The members of this tribe differ much in appearance from
those of the two preceding, being large black species with red

284 FAMILY VIII. — CORIZID^E.

markings. They possess the characters of the family and have
the head subporrect, narrowed in front, wider across the eyes
than apex of pronotum and not narrowed behind them ; prono-
tum trapezoidal, its side margins notched just behind the front
angles, the transverse subapical impression entire, reaching the
margin; subapical inner cell of the corium triangular; osteole
wanting; legs slender, unarmed.

The tribe comprises two genera, both of which are repre-
sented in the United States and our territory.

KEY TO GENERA OF LEPTOCORIXI.

a. Bueculae less than half the length of head; beak (in our species)

but slightly if at all passing hind coxae. I. Leptocoris, p. 284.

«((. Buccula? reaching base of head; beak reaching to or beyond second

ventral. II. Jadera, p. 285.

I. Leptocoris Hahn, 1831, 200.

Elongate-oval species of medium or large size having the
head sub-convex, triangular; cheeks shorter than tylus; an-
tennae with basal joint less than half the length of head, third
and fourth subequal, second longest; pronotum but slightly
declivent, humeri rounded, transverse impression narrow, shal-
low, the area in front of it scarcely elevated, the anteapical
notch on margin small; apical margin of corium straight,
oblique ; membrane passing tip of abdomen, its veins very nu-
merous, mostly simple ; sixth ventral of female somewhat pro-
longed, its apex rounded.

Numerous species are known from the tropical regions of
the Old World, but only one from America.

212 (356). Leptocoris trivittatus (Say), 1825,
322; II, 246.

Elongate-oval, depressed above, subconvex
beneath. Above fuscous-black, very finely pu-
bescent, subopaque; ocelli, narrow median line
and broader marginal stripe of pronotum behind
transverse impression, also its hind margin very
narrowly, clear red; costal and apical margins
and usually the nervures of elytra, dorsum and
inner wings, red or in part orange yellow; mem-
Fig 62 x 2%. brane fuscous; under surface fuscous-black, the
(After Howard).

margins and middle of abdomen, the sides of

sternal pleura and the coxae, red; eyes brown. Head and pronotum mi-
nutely granulate-punctate, the latter with elevated narrow median line
behind the transverse impression; beak reaching hind coxae, joint 1 as

TRIBE III. — LEPTOCORINI. 285

long- as head, 3 and 4 subequal, 2 longest. Scutellum and elytra similarly
punctate, the tip of the former very narrow, subacute. Other characters
as under generic heading. Length, 11 — 13.5 mm.; width, 3 — 4 mm.
(Fig. 62).

Genoa, Nebr., Jan. 30 (Davis). Gila River, N. M. ; Milpitas,
Cal., and Pullman, Wash., April 20 — Aug. 5 (Gerhard). Known
as the "box-elder plant bug," and ranges from Pennsylvania
and District of Columbia west to British Columbia, Colorado
and Utah. Known also from Arizona and California. Not as
yet recognized from Indiana, but doubtless occurs, as Osborn
and Drake ( 1915, 506) mention it from numerous Ohio locali-
ties, it having first appeared in that State in 1913. Much has
been written about it in economic literature, and Howard
(1898) says:

"It breeds frequently in enormous numbers upon the box-elder,
Acer negundo L., becoming more numerous in the autumn than at other
seasons. The bugs congregate in groups upon the trunks of these trees,
and migrate in search of hibernating quarters to fences and the sides
of houses, frequently entering houses and other buildings and stowing
themselves away for the winter in protected places. They suck the
juices of the leaves and more tender growth of the box-elder tree, and
have been reported as damaging fruit, such as peaches, plums and
apples.

"During the winter the adult insect hibernates in all sorts of
sheltered localities. It is especially abundant on fences, in crevices be-
tween the stones of stone walls, and in the angles of stone buildings.
When spring opens and the buds of the box-elder begin to burst they
scatter from their hibernating places and seek their food plant. The
eggs are laid normally upon the food plant, in the crevices of the bark,
but the instinct of the mother bug is by no means true, since she will
oviposit in almost any situation, frequently even laying eggs in her hi-
bernating quarters. Few of the young hatching from such eggs will
ever reach a suitable tree. The first adults begin to appear after mid-
summer and at this time bugs of all sizes begin to congregate in lines
up and down the trunks and branches of the trees. They may frequently
be seen crowding in a broad line extending from the ground up to the
secondary branches, in a company including larvae of all sizes, pupae,
and fully matured individuals. When the leaves drop, practically all
are full grown and they fly away in search of winter quarters."

II. Jadera Stal, 1862, 59.

Elongate-oval species of medium or large size having the
head subdepressed, slightly declivent; cheeks convex, longer
than tylus; antennae with basal joint shorter than head, 2
slightly longer than either 3 or 4, which are subequal;

286 FAMILY VIII. — CORIZID^E.

beak reaching or surpassing second ventral, all the joints sub-
equal in length, joint 1 surpassing hind margin of head; pro-
notum with side margins thickened, reflexed, ciliate, anteme-
dian impression wide and deep, the area in front of it elsvated ;
scutellum as in Leptocoris; elytra dimorphic, membrane usually
passing tip of abdomen, its veins few and forked ; legs slender,
unarmed ; sixth ventral of female truncate.

Seven species are known, all neotropical, three of them ex-
tending northward into the United States and two occurring in
our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF JADERA.

a. Body above black; pronotum with a distinct median longitudinal
carina. 213. h^ematoloma.

aa. Body above grayish to reddish-fuscous, sprinkled with fuscous dots;
pronotum with median carina very fine or wanting.

214. SANGUINOLENTA-

213 (357). Jadera h^ematoloma (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1848, 103.

Elongate-oval, depressed above, subconvex beneath. Above black,
subopaque, finely pubescent; eyes and their orbits, ocelli and broad side
margins of pronotum a clear red; antenna? black, with erect hairs; under
surface usually fuscous, the sixth ventral, genitalia and margins of
abdomen and sterna, red ; sometimes almost wholly red beneath ; legs
black with erect hairs. Head and pronotum granulate-punctate, the
granules bearing short erect black hairs; head with a median impressed
line and pronotum with a median carina on the hind porti-on. Elytra
minutely rugose and granulate. Membrane finely granulate between
the veins, sometimes shorter than abdomen. Length, 10 — 14 mm.;
width, 3 — 4 mm.

Chicago, 111., Sept. 6; Mobile, Ala., Dec. 26; Brownsville,
Tex., July 24 (Gerhard). Everglade and Chokoloskee, Fla., May
12 — Sept. 1 {Davis). Recorded by Barber from four other sta-
tions in southern Florida. Outside of that State it has been
heretofore recorded in this country only from Kansas, Colo-
rado, Texas, Arizona and California, though known from Co-
lombia, Mexico and Cuba. The Chicago specimen was taken
near the observatory in Washington Park and was perhaps ad-
ventive. The Mobile specimens are brachypterous with mem-
brane very small.

214 (358). Jadera sanguinolenta (Fabricius), 1785, 721.

Elongate-oval. Upper surface fuscous-brown, thickly clothed with
short appressed grayish hairs and sprinkled with fuscous dots; orbits
of eyes, under surface of head and reflexed side margins of pronotum
red; narrow costal margin of elytra pale yellow; membrane pale brown,

THE FLAT-BUGS. 287

the veins darker ; antennas, beak and legs brown ; under surface red,
pubescent as above and flecked with fuscous or red dots. Fuscous dots
of upper surface each bearing a short erect brown seta. Pronotum with
thickened side margins narrower and more strongly reflexed and trans-
verse groove more shallow than in hsematoloma. Membrane of elytra
long, in male surpassing abdomen by one-half its length. Length, 11 —
12 mm.

Brownsville, Tex. (U.S. Nat.Mus.). A neotropical species,
recorded by Van Duzee ( 1917, 127) from Florida, but no other
mention of its occurrence in that State can be found. Ranges
south through the West Indies to Brazil. Stal (1870, 227)
mentions a variety with elytra abbreviated and membrane rudi-
mentary. The description of Jadera sola (Dallas) (1852, 463)
differs in no particular from that of sanguinolenta, and his name
is very probably a synonym.

Family IX. ARADID^ Spinola, 1840, 157.
The Flat-bugs.

Brown or blackish Heteroptera of small size and oval, strong-
ly flattened form, having the head porrect; tylus prominent,
convex above, concave beneath to receive and protect the setae
of the mouth parts ; ocelli absent ; eyes prominent ; antennae
4-jointed, usually shorter than head and pronotum united ; beak
4-jointed, lying in a groove between the bucculas, the first joint
very short ; pronotum varying in shape, its disk with usually
two or more carinae; clavi narrowed toward apex, rarely ex-
ceeding the tip of scutellum, the latter usually elongate-triangu-
lar or subpentagonal ; membrane with few or sometimes (Pic-
tinus and Aneurus) no veins; abdomen much broader than the
wings, with usually its disk only covered by the elytra ; osteola
rarely visible; tarsi 2-jointed, without arolia.

These insects, like the cockroaches, have become strongly
adapted for a life beneath the closely fitting bark or in the nar-
row crevices of wood, especially that of trees which have re-
cently died or have been felled but a year or two. They are for
the most part gregarious, living in small colonies comprised of
both adults and nymphs in various stages. When uncovered
they remain quiescent for a long time, depending seemingly up-
on their hues of wood-brown or gray to shield them from dis-
covery. In our northern states they hibernate in both the
mature and nymph stages, often protected only by the shelter
of bark. Here they are oftentimes frozen solid for weeks, only

288 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^.

to revive and become active again when the halcyon days of
spring roll round once more. They then evidently fly in search
of a mate or a new home, as on several occasions I have taken
them by sweeping woodland herbage during April and May.
Their food is supposed to be the minute fungi and molds which
grow between the bark and the wood of those trees and stumps
in which there is yet enough sap to promote the growth of such
vegetation.

About 300 species of the family are known from all parts of
the world. Of these Van Duzee (1917) lists 59 from North
America, and a dozen or more have since been described. The
most available literature treating of our eastern forms is by
Say, 1832; Uhler, 1871, 1878; Stal, 1873; Bergroth, 1892, 1906,
1913; Heidemann, 1901, 1904; Osborn, 1903; Parshley, 1921.
The family name Aradidse is derived from that of the typical
genus, Aradus Fab., founded in 1803 and named after an ancient
city of Syria. The family is subdivided by recent writers into
three subfamilies, two of which are represented in North
America and our territory, the other, Isodermina, in Chile, Pata-
gonia and Tasmania.

KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SUBFAMILIES OF ARADID.E.

a. Prosternum with a distinct median sulcus; beak (except in A.
niger) reaching onto or surpassing the prosternum; head nar-
rowed behind the eyes, the latter projecting beyond the cheeks;
elytra not confined within the boundaries of the disk of abdomen;
trochanters connate with the femora; abdominal spiracles placed
near the basal margin of each segment

Subfamily I. Aradin^e, p. 288.
««. Prosternum without a sulcus; beak not passing hind margin of
head; head wider just behind eyes than in front of them, the
eyes not projecting; elytra confined within the boundaries of disk
of abdomen: trochanters free; spiracles placed at equal distances
from basal and apical margins of segments.

Subfamily II. Mezirin^e, p. 316.

Subfamily I. ARADIN^ Amyot & Serville, 1843, 306.

This subfamily, distinguished mainly by the characters giv-
en above, comprises only the single genus.

I. Aradus, Fabricius, 1803, 116.

Species of medium or small size and rough or granulate upper
surface having the antenniferous tubercles prolonged in a spine
and often toothed on outer side ; eyes strongly projecting; beak,

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^.

289

except in niger, reaching or surpassing front coxae; first joint
of antennae short, thick, narrowed at base ; pronotum wider
than long, margins usually reflexed, disk with six carinae, the
outer one on each side very short; scutellum large, elongate-
triangular or sub-pentagonal, its margins and base usually ele-
vated ; elytra shorter and narrower than abdomen, the mem-
brane with three or four oblique veins ; connexivum broadly ex-
posed; under surface more or less convex; coxae, especially the
front ones, less widely separated than in the Mesirince. Males
with genital segment large, convex and bearing a lobe each

>t> curt.coUis

cf=fF*>

rf^ &^

2 0 basalis

IX cOmSOVS

Plate I. Structures of Aradus.
a, Ventrals V and VI and genitals of female; b, genitals of male, terminal por-
tion only ; c, antenna ; d, pronotum and sometimes the adjacent parts ; e, dorsal view
of hind part of abdomen, female; g. 1. genital lobes. (After Parshley).

290 FAMILY IX. — ARADIDjE.

side; females with two visible genital segments, the first with
a lobe each side partly visible from above, the second much
smaller, terminal, not visible from above.

The members of this genus are more numerous in the north-
ern countries of the world than are those of the Mezirinae, the
main distribution of the latter being in the tropics. Brachyp-
terous forms of a number of species are known. About 60
species of Aradus are known from North America, 33 species
and three varieties from our territory. For convenience of
treatment they are separated into seven groups.

KEY TO GROUPS OP EASTERN SPECIES OF ARADUS.

a. Beak extending back of base of head; side margins of pronotum

more or less explanate.

b. Median carina? of pronotum distinct, usually extending to front

margin ; antenna? longer than head.

c. Second antennal segment but slightly longer than third, both

slender and cylindrical; length 8 or more mm. Group I, p. 290.

cc. Second antennal segment generally distinctly longer than third,

one or both often not cylindrical.

d. Third antennal segment about one-half thicker than second,

the latter with apical third or more pale (fig. 3c)47; length,

7.5—9 mm. Group II, p. 292.

del. Third antennal segment slightly if at all thicker than second.

e. Antenna? very robust, at the widest point distinctly thicker

than front femora (figs. 6c— 16c). Group III, p. 293.

ee. Antenna? more slender, often cylindrical, not or but slightly

thicker than front femora (figs. 19c — 22c).

/. Side margins of pronotum distinctly serrate, never deeply

sinuate (figs. 26d — 36d) ; corium always strongly dilated

at base, its sides never straight. Group IV, p. 297.

//. Side margins of pronotum entire, evenly granulated or very

rarely denticulate, often deeply sinuate (figs. B9d — 53rf) ;

corium either dilated at base (the lateral margin sinuate)

or not so dilated. Group V, p. 306.

66. Median carina? of pronotum but slightly developed, obsolete in

front; antenna? scarcely longer than head, very robust, the

third segment not twice as long as first (fig. 55c) ; length,

less than 4 mm. Group VI, p. 314.

aa. Beak not reaching base of head; pronotum more or less distinctly

trapezoidal, the side margins not explanate. Group VII, p. 315.

Group i. — Aradus.

This group comprises two of our larger eastern species hav-
ing the antennae slender, second and third joints cylindrical,
subequal in length.

>TThe figures cited in the keys and descriptions of the semis Annlns mostly refer
to those on Plates I. II and III. occurring on pages 289. 300. and 306.

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN.-E. 291

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP I, ARADUS.

a. Side margins of abdomen almost entire; pronotum widest slightly

behind the middle. 215. ^EQUALIS.

aa. Side margins of abdomen strongly crenate; pronotum widest in front

of middle. 216. crenatus.

215 (360). Aradus .equalis Say, 1832, 29; I, 352.

Oval. Wood-brown to fuscous; reflexed margins of pi'onotum, basal
expansions and veins of corium, margins of scutellum at middle, hind
margins of connexival segments and a few spots on membrane dull yel-
low; legs yellow, the femora and tibiae brown at middle; antennae with
first joint and basal portion of second and third dull yellow. Head as
long as broad across the eyes, granulate above; tylus short, blunt, cy-
lindrical; antenniferous spines rather stout, acute, feebly divergent; an-
tennae cylindrical, joint 2 slightly longer than 3, the latter twice
the length of 4; beak reaching behind front coxae. Pronotum with side
margins broadly reflexed, their edges finely crenulate; disk with median
carinae strongly elevated in front of middle. Scutellum elongate-tri-
angular with short median basal carina. Elytra with corium broadly
expanded at base, its edge crenulate. Connexivum broadly exposed, its
margin entire. Male with sixth ventral twice as long as fifth, the
elytra extending nearly to its tip; female with elytra reaching base of
dorsal genital segment, the hind margin of the broad lobes of this seg-
ment obliquely truncate. Length, 8.2 — 10 mm. (PI. I, fig. 1).

Southern half of Indiana, scarce, April 3 — Aug. 13 ; not
taken north of Putnam County. Ranges from Quebec and New
England west to Illinois and southwest to Oklahoma and Texas.
While Say's types were from Indiana it appears to be a rare
species in this State, as I have taken only half a dozen adults in
40 years. The published records elsewhere are few. The A.
duryi Osborn (1903, 39) described from a Cincinnati specimen,
is a synonym.

216 (379). Aradus crenatus Say, 1832, 28; I, 350.

Broadly oval; thickly and coarsely granulate above. Dull brown-
ish-yellow or pale brown with fuscous markings on pronotum, scutellum
and connexival segments ; membrane with two or three oblique fuscous
lines or blotches; antennae and legs yellowish, the femora and tibiae an-
nulate with brown. Head as long as pronotum, a little longer than wide;
tylus short, broad, obtuse; antenniferous tubercles, stout, feebly di-
vergent; impressions of vertex short, deep, curved; antennae slender,
cylindrical, joint 2 slightly longer than 3, the latter one-half longer
than 4; beak reaching front coxae. Pronotum with side margins widely
expanded and reflexed, their edges with irregular teeth; disk with
median carinae nearly evenly elevated throughout, the others distinct
only on basal half. Scutellum rather broadly triangular, strongly taper-
ing, margins strongly elevated, apex acute. Elytra with corium mod-
erately expanded at base, thence narrowed to apex. Connexivum broad-

292

FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

ly exposed, the segments separated by a notch causing the obtusely cre-
nated appearance of abdomen. Male with fifth and sixth ventral seg-
ments subequal in length, genital segment carinate, its lobes long, the
elytra reaching their base; female with abdomen wider, the dorsal gen-
ital segment semicircular, its hind margin squarely truncate, the elytra
reaching its base. Length, 8 — 11 mm. (PL I, fig. 2).

Southern half of Indiana, frequent, Feb. 20 — Nov. 17 ; not
taken north of Henry and Marion counties. West Point, N. Y.,
June 18 (Davis). Hibernates in all stages beneath logs and
chunks whose sides are deeply buried in sand and mold. Oc-
curs in summer beneath bark of oak, soft maple, tulip, syca-
more, etc., more frequently in damp localities along the margins
of streams and ponds. The known range of this, our largest
eastern species, is a wide one, extending from Quebec and New
York west and northwest to Michigan and Illinois, and south
and southwest to Georgia, Alabama and Mexico. It is also
known from western Europe and the Palaearctic Region. Say
in his original description says the fourth joint of antennae is

"a little longer than third," whereas it
is but little more than one half as
long.

Group II. — Aradus.

This group comprises only the
single species.

217 (361). Aradus quadrilineatus Say,
1825, 326; II, 249.

Broadly oval, finely and densely gran-
ulate above. Dark brown or fuscous;
apical third of second antennal segment and
posterior angle of each connexival seg-
ment, yellowish ; membrane fuscous, mot-
tled with whitish; tibia? yellowish, annulate
with darker. Head slightly longer than
wide; tylus stout, cylindrical, obtuse; an-
tenniferous tubercles slightly divergent,
subacute; impressions of vertex deep, ob-
B long, parallel; antennae stout, second joint
16, N. Y. St. nearly one-half longer and more slender
than third, fourth two-thirds the length of
third; beak reaching middle of front coxae. Pronotum with side margins
widely flattened, but feebly reflexed, their edges finely dentate; disk
with four carina? almost entire, well elevated, the outer pair almost
obsolete. Scutellum elongate-triangular, its sides strongly elevated.
Elytra with base of corium moderately expanded, finely dentate. Con-

Fig. 63, X 7.
Tech. Publ. No
Coll. For.).

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^. 293

nexivum broadly exposed, its margins but feebly crenate. Male with
fifth and sixth ventrals subequal in length, the membrane reaching
apical angles of sixth; female with elytra extending to base of dorsal
genital segment, the latter with hind margin slightly emarginate at
middle. Length, 7.5— 9 mm. (Fig. 63 and PI. I, fig. 3).

Occurs throughout Indiana, more frequent in the northern
counties, March 11 — Aug. 24. DeBruce and West Point, N. Y.
(Davis) . Ranges from Quebec and New England west to
Minnesota and Edmonton, Alberta, and south and southwest to
Florida and Panama. In Indiana it occurs mainly in crevices of
freshly sawed oak and beech stumps and hibernates beneath
logs. The only Florida record is that of Bergroth (1892, 335)
without definite locality. Easily known by its dark color and
peculiar structure and color of antennae.

Group III. — Aradus.

This group comprises species of medium size and oval form,
having the antennae very stout, the second joint distinctly
longer than third; corium strongly dilated at base. To it be-
long five of our eastern species.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP III, ARADUS.

a. Pronotum with three polished black areas behind the middle; head
and pronotum dark, strongly contrasting with the pale elytra
and abdomen. 218. ORNATUS.

aa. Pronotum without smooth black areas; color more uniform.

b. Third antennal segment concolorous or pale at apex only; body
brownish; pronotum as long as or longer than head.
c. Scutellum subpentagonal, its sides scarcely elevated behind mid-
dle; color usually almost uniform brown. 219. robustus.
cc. Scutellum triangular, its sides elevated throughout; color usually
variegated, sides of pronotum granulated.
d. Pronotum widest behind middle, its median carina? nearly paral-
lel; first antennal pale. 220. duzeei.
dd. Pronotum widest at middle, its median carina? sinuate; first an-
tennal concolorous with the others. 221. implanus.
bb. Third antennal segment largely yellow; body black; pronotum only
two-thirds as long as head ; abdomen almost circular.

222. CURTICOLLIS.

218 (365). Aradus ornatus Say, 1832, 29; I, 352.

Oval, granulate on head and pronotum. Dark brown; elytra and
abdomen yellowish-white, tip of clavus dark; basal third of pronotum
with polished chocolate-brown spots between the carina?; legs dull yel-
low, the femora and tibiae with a broad dark ring near middle. Head a
little broader than long, tylus short, slightly tapering; impressions of

294

FAMILY IX. — ARADID,£.

vertex short, triangular; antennas very stout, shorter than head and
pronotum united, second joint subclavate, one-half longer than third,
fourth less robust and about half the length of third; beak reaching
front coxae. Pronotum with side margins broadly rounded, but slightly
reflexed, their edges crenulate; median carina? well elevated, divergent
on basal half to surround the median polished spot; remaining carina?
indistinct. Scutellum broadly triangular, as long as pronotum, sides
elevated; disk with basal transverse granulate carina, beyond which
are numerous minute transverse wrinkles. Basal dilation of corium,
broad, semicircularly rounded, its edge dentate. Connexivum broadly ex-
posed, moderately reflexed. Male with fifth and sixth ventrals subequal,
genital segment strongly convex, its lobes short, the elytra extending to
their middle; female with elytra reaching middle of dorsal genital seg-
ment, the hind edge of the latter straight. Length 5 — 6.2 mm. (PL I,
fig. 6).

Vigo Co., Ind., March 28 ; a single male taken from beneath
bark of an oak log. Say's types were from this State. Of it
he says : "Resembles quadrilineatus but the polished thoracic
spots and the much more prominent and rounded humerus, not
to mention its coloring, readily distinguish it." As his types
were destroyed it was, on account of its scarcity, for a long
time unrecognized. Bergroth (1892, 332, 334) mentioned a
specimen from Pennsylvania, and pointed out the differences
between it and both duseei and robustus. Osborn (1903a, 22)
recorded three specimens taken by Dury at Cincinnati, Ohio.
It is known at present only from the states mentioned and from

Maryland, Virginia and the Dis-
trict of Columbia.

219 (362). Aradus robustus Uhl-
er, 1871, 104.

Oblong-oval, male, broadly oval,
female, thickly clothed above with
large, dense flatfish granules. Dark
ash-gray or dark brown, veins of
corium and the membrane often
paler; tibia3 annulate with pale
rings. Head slightly broader than
long; tylus cylindrical, obtuse; an-
tenniferous spines large, stout; an-
tenna? very robust, densely clothed
with suberect scales, second joint
one-half longer than third, fourth
more slender, fusiform, one-half the
length of third, its tip pale; beak
reaching hind border of front coxa?.
Pronotum widest at middle, side

Fig. 64, X

i After Lugger) .

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADINiE. 295

margins broadly rounded, but slightly reflexed, their edges finely irreg-
ularly dentate; disk with median carinae entire, lateral ones shortened
and curving inward. Seutellum, subpentagonal, its sides parallel to
middle, then converging to apex; disk feebly transversely elevated at
base. Basal expansion of corium long, narrow, dentate. Connexivum
broadly exposed, its margin crenate. Male with fifth ventral slightly
shorter than sixth, genital segment short, strongly convex, elytra reach-
ing nearly to tip of abdomen ; female, elytra reaching to base of dorsal
genital, the hind margin of latter slightly emarginate. Length, 5.5 — 7
mm. (Fig. 64; PI. I, fig. 11).

Frequent throughout Indiana, Feb. 15 — July 10. Staten and
Long Islands, N. Y., May — June (Davis) . Lives and hibernates
beneath bark of red and black oaks. Ranges from Quebec and
New England west to Nebraska and North Dakota, and south
and southwest to Florida, Oklahoma and Texas. Parshley
(1921, 41) mentions it from Jacksonville, Fla., this being the
only record for that State. He also describes a color variety,
insignis, from Texas, North Carolina, Michigan, etc. It has the
"narrow postero-lateral margins of pronotum, apex of seu-
tellum and most of corium yellowish ; abdomen reddish-brown
above."

220 (364). Aradus duzeei Bergroth, 1892, 333.

Oblong-oval; head, pronotum and seutellum thinly granulated. Dark
brown, variegated with dull yellow; first antennal joint and beak pale;
apex of seutellum, veins, inner part of basal expansion and more or
less of disk of corium dull yellow; hind margins of connexival segments
and wide inner margin of genital segments yellowish; legs pale, the
tibiae and tarsi often with a broad dusky ring. Head as wide as long;
tylus narrow, compressed, tapering but obtuse; antenniferous spines
stout, divergent; impressions of vertex deep, oblong; antennae stout,
cylindrical, as long as head and pronotum united, second joint one-
third longer than third, the latter twice as long as fourth; beak reach-
ing front coxae. Pronotum with side margins thickened, broadly re-
flexed, their edges granulate; disk with median carinae entire, the others
confined to basal half. Seutellum elongate-triangular, longer than pro-
notum, sides straight, converging from the base, moderately elevated.
Basal expansion of corium prominent, semicircular. Connexivum
broadly exposed, its margins almost entire. Male with fifth ventral
shorter than sixth, genital segment short, very convex, its lobes long,
elytra reaching their middle; female with abdomen broader, hind margin
of dorsal genital straight, elytra reaching base or middle of genital lobes.
Length, 6—6.7 mm. (PL I, fig. 13).

Marion and Lawrence counties, Ind., scarce, April 29 — June
14. Taken from beneath bark of dead beech and maple trees,
and swept from vegetation in low alluvial soil. Ranges from

296 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

Quebec and New England west to Indiana, Van Duzee's Cali-
fornia records (1917, 130) being based upon his a picalis, a
western species since described. Resembles ornatus closely but
lacks the polished spots on base of pronotum. Other differences
between the two are pointed out by Bergroth (1892, 334) as
follows : "In ornatus the head is shorter, second joint of an-
tennae more incrassated toward apex ; thorax shorter, more
transverse with greatest breadth at middle ; scutellum shorter,
more widened at base, the apex entirely black; basal part of
corium more dilated; genital lobes with basal half (not inner
half as in duzeei) yellow."

221 ( — ). Aradus implanus Parshley, 1921, 45.

Elongate-oblong. Pale brown, head and pronotum somewhat darker,
the latter with a yellowish area behind each apical angle, corium and
membrane fuscous toward tips; connexivals fuscous, the apical third of
each paler; legs pale brown, femora vaguely annulate with yellow near
base and apex; under surface brownish-yellow, finely and densely gran-
ulate. Head as broad across eyes as long; tylus and antenniferous
spines stout, obtuse, the former with sides flattened. Antennae as in
fig. 14c, stout, covered with flattened scales, joint 1 scarcely reaching
middle of tylus, 2 slightly clavate, almost as long as width of head
across eyes, 3 as thick as and one-half the length of 2, 4 fusiform, two-
thirds as long as 3. Beak reaching tips of front coxa?. Pronotum
widest at middle, sides broadly obtusely rounded, strongly reflexed, their
margins granulate; disk with two median carina? percurrent, four lateral
ones abbreviated. Scutellum slightly longer than pronotum with sides
elevated, densely granulate. Basal expansions of corium rather large,
reflexed, with edges granulate. Genital segments of male and female
as in fig. 14, b and a. Length, 5.8 — 6.3 mm. (PL I, fig. 14).

Funk's Grove, 111., April 30 (III. Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.) . Re-
corded from Indiana by Parshley ; also from Ontario, Pennsyl-
vania and Michigan.

222 (368). Aradus curticollis Bergroth, 1913, 2.

Broadly-oval. Black, finely granulated ; membrane brown ; front
and middle tibioe paler at middle. Head as long as broad, much longer
than pronotum; tylus short, broad, slightly widened apically; anten-
niferous spines slender, slightly divergent; eyes very prominent. Beak
reaching between front coxae. Antennae rather slender, as long as head
and pronotum united, joint 1 reaching apical third of tylus, 2 sub-
clavate, almost as long as width of head across eyes, 3 and 4 subequal,
united two-thirds the length of 2. Pronotum rather flat, nearly three
times wider than long, sides broadly rounded, their margins entire;
carinae moderately elevated, median pair percurrent, the outer ones very
short. Scutellum nearly one-third longer than pronotum, sides feebly
elevated, basal half of disk with obtuse median elevation. Elytra di-

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^E. 297

morphic, reaching apical lobes of abdomen, macropterous form, only to
middle of third dorsal, brachypterous one. Genital structure of female
as in fig. 16, a. Length, 5.8 — 6 mm. (PI. I, fig. 16).

Known only from Southern Pines, N. Car. and Marietta, Ga.
Group IV. — Aradus.

This group comprises rather elongate species having the
antennae slender, second joint distinctly longer than third;
front side margins of pronotum more or less serrate ; corium
always strongly dilated at base, never straight laterally. Eleven
of our eastern species and one variety belong here.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP IV, ARADUS.

a. Third antennal almost three-fourths as long as second; color uni-
form dull black; length, 8.3 mm. 223. montanus.
cut. Third antennal about one-half as long as second, often less.

b. Second antennal cylindrical, longer than head; length, 8.5 — 11.5
mm. 224. debilis.

bb. Second antennal shorter than head.

c. Second antennal cylindrical, at least from near base to middle;
sometimes slightly enlarged near apex.
d. Third antennal with apical two-thirds pale; disk of pronotum
strongly elevated before and behind the transverse depression ;
length less than 6.8 mm. 225. cincticornis.

del. Third segment at most with apex narrowly pale ; disk of pronotum
rather flat, the transverse depression slight and ill-defined.
e. Pronotum widest well behind the middle; sides of abdomen en-
tire or notched.
/. Granulation of head rough; length of second antennal segment
subequal to width of head, including one eye; front side
margins of pronotum straight, oblique and with variably
coarse teeth: form elongate. 226. proboscideus.

//. Granulation of head smooth; length of second antennal seg-
ment equal to width of head including both eyes ; sides of
pronotum slightly curved and with very fine, irregular
teeth; form broad. 227. basalis.

ee. Pronotum widest at middle; sides of abdomen rather strongly
crenate. 228. CONSORS.

cc. Second antennal segment distinctly clavate, gradually enlarging
from near base to apex, rarely (fig. 36c), suddenly enlarged
in apical third.
g. Length of second antennal subequal to distance between eyes.
/;. Third antennal yellowish except at base; membrane hyaline,
often faintly maculate; apical angles of connexival segments
pale. 229. similis.

hh. Third antennal concolorous; membrane dark with pale basal
spot, rarely entirely pale; general coloration nearly uniform
dark brown. 229a. var. centriguttatus.

298 FAMILY IX. — ARADID.E.

gg. Length of second antennal equal to width of head, including one
eye.
i. Second antennal less than three times as long- as third.
j. Color blackish-brown, with obscure whitish or yellowish mark-
ings; front side margins of pronotum with a few coarse
teeth; second antennal strongly clavate, as long as width of
head, including both eyes. 230. acutus.

jj. Color black; pronotal margins with numerous fine teeth; sec-
ond antennal moderately clavate, shorter. 231. SHERMANI.
ii. Second antennal distinctly more than three times the length of
third.
k. Second antennal gradually enlarged from near base; third an-
tennal thicker than second at middle (fig. 33c).

232. INORNATUS.

kk. Second antennal cylindrical from base to near middle, strongly
enlarged in apical third (fig. 36c). 233. approximatus.

223 (374). Aradus montanus Bergroth, 1913, 1.

Oval. Dark brownish-black; antenna? and legs of the same hue.
Head as long as broad, slightly longer than pronotum; tylus rather
short, stouter toward base; antenniferous spines short, conical, divergent,
with a small tooth on outer side. Antenna? as in fig. 5c, moderately
robust, shorter than head and pronotum united, joint 1 reaching apical
third of tylus, 2 almost as long as width of vertex, two and a half times
longer than 1, 3 and 4 united subequal in length to 2, 4 narrower and
shorter than 3. Beak reaching between front coxae. Pronotum rather
flat, widest at middle, where it is twice as broad as long at middle, side
margins irregularly and finely crenulate; disk with sides slightly re-
flexed, carina? feebly elevated, median pair percurrent, others shorter.
Scutellum one and three-fifth times the length of pronotum, sides straight
converging to apical third, thence rounded to apex, basal half with a
low median longitudinal carina. Elytra, female, reaching middle of
dorsal genital plate; corium moderately dilated and reflexed at base.
Abdomen rather broad, oblong-oval, widest at fourth dorsal. Genital
segments as in fig. 5. Length, 8 — 8.3 mm. (PI. I, fig. 5).

Known only from Quebec, Can., and Leadville, Colo.

224 (373). Aradus debilis Uhler, 1876, 322.

Elongate-oval. Head, middle of front lobe and margin of hind lobe
of pronotum and entire scutellum dark reddish-brown; sides of pro-
notum and elytra brownish-yellow mottled with fuscous; connexivum
finely mottled, the segments dark at base: membrane whitish, thickly
flecked with darker spots ; legs and front portion of beak reddish-brown,
apex of tibia? paler; apical third of beak and sterna fuscous-brown;
ventrals reddish-brown, finely mottled. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? red-
dish-brown, 1 stout, subcylindrical, not reaching middle of tylus; 2
slender, cylindrical, five times as long as 1 ; 3 yellowish, its base darker,
about one-third as long as 2; 4 dark brown, subfusiform, pointed, two-
thirds the length of 3. Beak reaching behind middle coxa?. Head

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^E. 299

slender, almost as long- as pronotum, antenniferous spines stout, rather
short, moderately divergent; impressions of vertex, large, oval, deep.
Pronotum as in fig. 26, the side margins broadly flattened, strongly re-
flexed, their edges coarsely crenately toothed; disk of front lobe strongly
convex, of hind one flattened; discal carinas six, the outer one each side
short, the others percurrent, the median pair ending in front in short
tubercles; hind margin trisinuate. Scutellum subpentagonal, its apex
obtuse. Elytra with basal expansions reaching apex of scutellum,
strongly reflexed ; behind them feebly but visibly narrowed to the round-
ed tips; clavus and corium with low transverse ridges. Genitals of
both sexes as in fig. 26, a and b. Length, 8.5 — 11.5 mm. (PI. II, fig. 26).

North Bend, Brit. Col., July 6 (Cornell Univ. Coll.). Parshley
(1924) has recorded it from Albany, N. Y. A large and rare
species of northern distribution, ranging from New England to
the Pacific, but not recorded south of latitude 41°. Easily
known by its large size and long, slender, parti-colored an-
tennas. H. G. Hubbard (1892, 252) has written of it as found
on the fungus Cryptoporus volvatus Peck., as follows:

"This extremely thin and flattened hemipteron, swarms in and about
the fungus, and evidently finds the cavity a favourable place of deposit
for its eggs. A multitude of its young heaved and tumbled the dust
within nearly every fungus. All ages were represented there, but the
adult bugs seemed to prefer the heat and warmth of the sun, and are
found on the bark of conifers infested with fungus. Their bodies, espe-
cially when immature, are particularly well adapted to transport the
spores of a fungus. Everything in the nature of dust clings to them,
and I have no doubt they constitute one of the most reliable propagators
of the plant."

225 (370). Aradus cincticornis Bergroth, 1906, 198.

Rather broadly oval. Blackish-brown, basal third and expanded
sides of pronotum dull yellow; apical half of scutellum in part or wholly
pale brown, tip black; corium, connexivum and ventrals mottled with
yellowish ; membrane grayish, vaguely spotted with fuscous ; legs dark
brown dotted with yellow, trochanters and tips of tibia? pale. Antenna?
slender, almost filiform (fig. 27c), joint 1 dark brown, reaching middle
of tylus; 2 dotted with yellow, longer than 3 and 4 united; 3 whitish-
yellow, basal third dark brown, shorter than 4. Beak reaching middle
of mesosternum. Head slightly longer than pronotum; tylus short,
sides parallel; impressions of vertex deep, widely separated; antennifer-
ous spines acute, conical, with distinct lateral tooth. Pronotum with side
margins broadly flattened, feebly reflexed, remotely bluntly toothed; disk
with a transverse elevation across apical third on which the inner lateral
carina? end in a tubercle, median carina? well elevated, percurrent;
outer lateral carina? short, not reaching middle of disk. Scutellum
slightly longer than pronotum, sides feebly elevated, sinuate at middle.

300

FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

Elytra rather strongly narrowed at middle; connexivum broadly ex-
posed, the apical angles of the segments prominent. Genital segments
as in fig. 27, a and &. Length, 5.8—6.5 mm. (PI. II, fig. 27).

Described from Alabama and known only from there.

226 (392). Aradus proboscideus Walker, 1873, 35.

Elongate-oval. Pale to dark reddish-brown; antenna?, except fourth
joint, hind angles of pronotum, basal expansion of corium, apical angles
(sometimes the entire hind margin) of each connexival, inner halves of
genital lobes, and tips of femora and tibiae, usually pale dull yellow;

• f? bre\iii}u%

f 3 funestus

40 unik'-mis

Plate II. Structures of Aeadus.
«, Ventrals V and VI and genitals of female; &, genitals of male, terminal por-
tion cnly ; c, antenna ; </, pronotum and sometimes the adjacent parts : c, dorsal view
of hind part of abdomen, female; </. /. genital lobes. (After Parsbley).

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^E. 301

ventral surface of abdomen reddish-brown vaguely mottled with yellow.
Head much longer than wide; tylus stout, cylindrical, feebly tapering,
reaching middle third of second antennal; antenniferous spines slender,
acute, strongly divergent; impressions of vertex wide, rather shallow;
antenna? slender, cylindrical, almost as long as head and pronotum
united, second joint two and a half times longer than third, the latter
nearly twice the length of fourth. Pronotum with sides flattened, mod-
erately reflexed, margins straight from apex to middle, thence rounded
to base, edge regularly dentate, more coarsely behind ; disk with two
median carina? parallel, entire, the others oblique, interrupted, all higher
in front. Scutellum elongate-triangular, apex subacute, sides moder-
ately elevated. Basal expansion of corium, rather long, broadly round-
ed. Male with fifth ventral slightly shorter than sixth, genital short,
strongly convex, lobes short, elytra reaching their base; female dorsal
genital two-thirds as long as broad, its front margin broadly curved,
hind one truncate at middle, elytra reaching its base. Length, 6 — 9.5
mm. (PL I, fig. 19).

Georgetown, Colo., July 29 (Gerhard). A variable species of
wide distribution, especially northward, its known range ex-
tending from Nova Scotia and New England west and north to
Washington, British Columbia and Alaska. It is not known
from the southern Ohio Valley states but occurs in Colorado,
Arizona and California. The type was from Hudson's Bay and
its known synonyms, according to Parshley, are luteolus Fyles
(1903, 75) ; hubbardi Heid. (1904, 232) and taylori Van D.
(1920, 335).

227 ( — ). Aradus basalis Parshley, 1921, 54.

Oval. Dark brown or grayish-brown; basal angles of pronotum,
basal two-thirds of corium, tip of scutellum and a spot behind it on
membrane, hind margin of each connexival segment, inner margin of
genital lobes and tips of second and third antennal segments, dull yel-
low; legs brown, the tips of tibia? pale. Head longer than broad; tylus
cylindrical, obtuse; antenniferous spines slender, acute, feebly divergent;
impressions of vertex, elongate, subparallel; antennae slender, slightly
longer than head and pronotum united, second joint two and one-half
times as long as third, the latter one-half longer than fourth; beak
reaching onto mesosternum. Pronotum with side margins narrowly
explanate, but slightly reflexed, their edges finely toothed, hind angles
broadly rounded ; median carina? low, lateral ones obsolete on apical
third. Scutellum rather broadly triangular, its margins strongly ele-
vated ; disk granulate, its basal impression subobsolete. Basal expansion
of corium elongate, broadly curved, its edge and that of connexivum
finely crenate. Connexivum broadly exposed, much more so in female.
Male with fifth and sixth ventrals subequal in length, genital segment
short, strongly convex, lobes short, elytra reaching their base ; female
with abdomen broadly oval, hind margins of dorsal genital curved, elytra
strongly narrowed, reaching base of genital segment. Length, 7 — 8.3
mm. (PL I, fig. 20).

302 FAMILY IX. — ARADID>£.

Saranac Lake, N. Y., September (Davis). Known only from
New England and New York, where it occurs mainly in the
elevated regions.

228 ( — ). Aradus consors Parshley, 1921, 56.

Elongate-oval. Grayish-brown with vague darker markings; basal
third of pronotum slightly paler; membrane pale brown; hind margins
of connexivals and inner margins of genital lobes obscurely pale; ven-
trals reddish-brown. Antennae pale reddish-brown, joints 2 and 3 pale
at apex, 4 darker; relative length of joints as in fig. 22c. Structure
much as in proboscideus. Antenniferous spines shorter, conical, slightly
divergent. Pronotum (fig. 22cZ) with front portion of disk flatter, teeth
of side margins smaller and broader, carinae feebly elevated. Scutellum
broader, sides nearly straight, feebly elevated, tip broadly l-ounded.
Elytra broad, covering sides of disk of abdomen; basal expansion of
corium long, feebly reflexed; apex of membrane broadly rounded.
Length, 7.6 mm. (PL I, fig. 22).

Known only from the single female type, taken in Massachu-
setts and now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam-
bridge.

229 (371). Aradus similis Say, 1832, 28; I, 351.

Oval, thickly and rather finely granulate above. Grayish-brown;
apical half or more of third antennal, apical angles and sometimes
edges of connexival segments, inner margins of genital lobes and tips
of tibiae, usually dull yellow. Head as long as broad, distinctly longer
than pronotum; tylus robust, subcylindrical, obtuse; antenniferous
spines rather large, feebly divergent; impressions of vertex wide, deep,
straight or nearly so; antennae slender, nearly as long as head and pro-
notum united, second joint more than twice as long as third, the latter
one-third longer than fourth; beak reaching mesosternum. Pronotum
very irregular and rugose, the transverse impression distinct; side
margins narrow, not reflexed, their edge with irregular coarse teeth;
carinae well elevated, more so in front. Scutellum wider than usual,
subpentagonal, sides moderately elevated, parallel on basal third, disk
with two shallow impressions at base. Elytra strongly narrowed, ex-
posing disk of abdomen within the connexivum; basal expansion of
corium narrow. Abdomen broadly oval, its sides feebly notched. Male
with fifth and sixth ventrals subequal in length, genital segment short,
strongly convex, carinate, elytra reaching genital lobes; female with
dorsal genital twice as wide as long, its hind margin curved, truncate at
middle, elytra not reaching its base. Length, 4.5 — 8.5 mm. (PI. II,
fig. 30).

Occurs throughout Indiana, but much more common in the
southern portion; March 16 — Oct. 10. Staten Island and White-
face Mt., N. Y., April 10— July 10 (Davis). Hibernates be-
neath logs and bark, mainly in dry upland localities, and in

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^. 303

summer found beneath bark of oak, ash, elm and other trees,
and also about the wooden fungi of birch and maple. On March
20 I once found in Marion County, a large colony beneath the
bark of an ash stump. The females were infested with a mite
which was attached beneath the wings, causing the latter to
bulge upward. This mite was described by Banks (Canadian
Entomologist, XXXIV, 1902, p. 172) as Cheyletus clavispinus.
The known range of si mil is is a wide one, extending from Nova
Scotia and New England west to Wisconsin and Kansas, and
southwest to Georgia, Florida and Texas. In Florida it is rep-
resented almost exclusively by the southern race. The A.
fascicornus Walk. (1873, 36) is a synonym.

229a (371a). Aradus similis centriguttatus Berg'roth, 1887, 246.

This differs from typical similis in being nearly uniform dark black-
ish-brown, in all the joints of antennae being dark and the connexival
segments with only a trace of yellow at the angles.

Very common in central and southern Florida, where it oc-
curs in colonies of all stages during the winter and spring
months, beneath bark of pine and water oak that have been
felled about a year. Also taken occasionally by sweeping and
beating. The membrane of the elytra, as in some other Aradids,
is sometimes almost a uniform whitish hyaline in hue. Parsh-
ley states that this form occurs in the northern states, but in
all my collecting I have never taken a specimen in Indiana as
dark as those in Florida.

230 (375). Aradus acutus Say, 1832, 28; I, 351.

Elongate-oval. Blackish-brown ; a row of subquadrate spots each
side of exposed disk of abdomen, and also the apical angles of each con-
nexival segment, whitish; basal expansion and veins of corium, and
disk of genital segments in part yellowish; antenna? and beak black;
legs blackish-brown, the tibiae paler. Head longer than wide, longer
than pronotum; tylus cylindrical, obtuse; antenniferous spines slender,
acute, distinctly divergent; impressions of vertex narrow, deep, sub-
parallel ; antennae with second joint clavate, nearly three times as long
as third, the latter but slightly longer than fourth; beak reaching mid-
dle of mesosternum. Pronotum with side margins rounded, moderately
flattened, feebly reflexed, their hind edges irregularly crenate, front
ones with a few longer teeth; disk with transverse impression distinct,
carinae moderately elevated, not reaching front margin. Scutellum wide,
subpentagonal, its sides subparallel to middle, thence converging to the
narrowly rounded apex; margins feebly elevated. Basal expansion of
corium narrow, broadly curved, its edge crenate. Connexivum fully ex-
posed, as are also, in part, the sides of abdominal disk. Male with fifth

304 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

and sixth ventrals subequal in length, elytra extending to genital lobes;
female with dorsal genital segment about one-half as long as broad, its
hind margin truncate at middle, elytra not quite reaching its base.
Length, 7—9.5 mm. (PI. II, fig. 32).

Southern half of Indiana, frequent, Feb. 11 — Oct. 1; Lake
County only in the north. Dunedin and St. Petersburg, Fla.,
Dec. 3— March 15 (W.S.B.). Southern Pines, N. Car.,
April (Davis). In Indiana it hibernates beneath half
buried logs and in summer occurs beneath bark and on a whit-
ish semi-woody fungus on stumps. In Florida it has been found
only beneath the bark of dead water oak, Quercus nigra L., where
it is common during the winter in small colonies in company
with Neuroctenus simples (Uhl.). The known range of A. acutus
covers most of the United States, extending west from New
England to the Pacific and south and southwest to Florida and
Texas, but it has not as yet been recorded from Canada. It is
readily recognized by its long black clavate second joint of an-
tennae and the pale markings of abdomen and elytra. These
are formed mostly of whitish granules and vary much in size
and extent, sometimes covering most of the connexival seg-
ments.

231 (377). Aradus shermani Heidemann, 1907, 68.

Elongate-oval. Black; membrane fuscous, a small pale spot near
apex of scutellum; apical angles of connexivals usually dull yellow.
Head longer than wide; tylus long, stout, cylindrical; antenniferous
spines slender, acute; impressions of vertex large, deep, subparallel;
antennas slender, as long as head and pronotum united, second joint
slightly longer than third and fourth together; beak reaching onto meso-
sternum. Pronotum with side margins flattened, feebly reflexed, their
edges with numerous teeth of irregular length; disk with four nearly
entire moderately elevated carina?. Scutellum elongate-triangular, sides
feebly elevated; disk with a low rounded elevation at middle, two im-
pressions on base. Abdomen oval, its edges notched. Male with sixth
ventral one-third longer than fifth, genital segment short, strongly con-
vex, carinate, elytra covering the connexivum in part, reaching middle
of genital lobes; female with dorsal genital one-half longer than broad,
elytra reaching middle of sixth dorsal. Length, 6.8 — 8.8 mm. (PI. II,
fig. 31).

Southern Pines and Aberdeen, N. Car., April 9 — May (Brim-
Icy). Ranges from Quebec, Ontario and New England, south-
west to Georgia.

232 (378). Aradus inornatus Uhler, 1876, 323.

Elongate-oval. Fuscous or dark brown; basal expansion of corium
and connexivum paler, the latter sometimes spotted with dull yellow;

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADINvE. 305

apical half of antenna? black; both dorsal and ventral surface of abdo-
men reddish. Head much longer than broad; tylus long, sides somewhat
compressed; antenniferous spines long, acute, feebly divergent; impres-
sions of vertex narrow, deep, parallel; antenna? slender, shorter than
head and pronotum united, second joint more than three times the length
of third, the latter slightly longer than fourth; beak reaching middle
third of mesosternum. Pronotum with sides broadly flattened, feebly
reflexed, their edges with numerous irregular teeth; disk with four
nearly entire carinse, the outer basal one each side distinct. Scutellum
subpentagonal, sides feebly elevated, subparallel to middle, apex nar-
rowly rounded. Male with sides of abdomen crenate, fifth and sixth
ventrals subequal, genital segment short, strongly convex, elytra reach-
ing genital lobes; female with dorsal genital twice as wide as long, its
hind margin obtusely angulate, elytra scarcely reaching its base. Length,
8.5—10 mm. (PI. II, fig. 33.)

Raleigh, N. Car., Feb. 17 (Brimley). Ranges from Quebec
and New England west to Wisconsin and South Dakota, and
southwest to Georgia, the Pacific Coast examples included by
Uhler having since been described as blaisdelli Van D. Not as yet
recognized but should occur in Indiana. Resembles acutus in
form and size, but differs in lacking the yellow spots on con-
nexivals and in its longer, more slender second antennal.

233 ( — ). Aradus approximates Parshley, 1921, 72.

Elongate-oval. Grayish-brown sprinkled with whitish granules and
tinged with dull yellow along the margins ; membrane brownish with
scattered darker spots ; disk of abdomen above bright red ; antenna? dark
beyond apical third of second segment. Head longer than broad; tylus
elongate, subcylindrical, compressed; antenniferous spines slender, acute,
divergent; postocular tubercles prominent, acute; impressions of vertex
oval, deep; second antennal suddenly enlarged near apex, more than
three times as long as third, the latter nearly twice as long as fourth;
beak reaching apical third of mesosternum. Pronotum with margins
rather broadly expanded, feebly reflexed, their edges granulated behind
and with a few irregular teeth in front; disk with transverse impression
distinct, carina? feebly elevated. Scutellum broadly subpentagonal, sides
scarcely elevated, apex narrowly rounded. Basal expansion of corium
long, narrow, flat. Connexivum widely exposed, its edges feebly notched.
Male with fifth ventral slightly longer than sixth, genital segment
strongly convex, its lobes long, elytra reaching their base; female, dorsal
genital segment twice as wide as long, elytra reaching its base. Length,
8—11 mm. (PI. II, Fig. 36).

Lake Co., Ind., Oct. 23 (W.S.B.). Thomasville, Ga.,
March 12 (Davis). Three specimens of this large and recently
described species were taken from beneath the bark of pine
snags near Millers in 1902. Its known range extends from

306

FAMILY IX. — ARADID^.

Mount Katahdin, Me., to Agricultural College, Miss., but only
about half a dozen specimens are recorded. The long, suddenly
enlarged second antennal, and red abdominal disk separate it
from inornatus, its nearest ally.

Group V. — Aradus.

Species of small size and dark color having the margins of
pronotum entire or granulated, often sinuate. Basal expansion
of corium usually narrow or obsolete. Twelve of our eastern
species belong to this group.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF GROUP V, ARADUS.

a. Corium strongly dilated at base, width of elytra at that point usu-
ally greater than that of pronotum.
b. Third antennal segment pale; length less than 6 mm.

amomcui

Plate III. Structures of Aradus.
a, Ventrals V and VI and genitals of female: b, genitals of male, terminal por-
tion only ; C, antenna ; d, pronotum and sometimes the adjacent parts ; . . dorsal view
of hind part of abdomen, female; (/. /. genital lobes. (After Parshley).

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^. 307

c. Pronotum widest before middle; second antennal distinctly more
slender than front femora. 234. uniformis.

cc. Pronotum widest behind middle; second antennal slightly thicker
than front femora. 235. insignitus.

bb. Third antennal segment dark; second segment distinctly clavate,
shorter than head; length, 6.2 or more mm.
d. Pronotum widest well behind middle (fig. 38d). 236. borealis.
dd. Pronotum widest near middle (fig. Aid) ; sides of scutellum
strongly elevated; color black. 237. tuberculifer.

aa. Corium slightly or not at all dilated at base, width of elytra at that
point about equal to that of pronotum.
e. Scutellum broad, distinctly pentagonal, its sides strongly and
sharply elevated ; sides of pronotum subparallel behind the
middle; length about 6 mm. 238. funestus.

ee. Scutellum narrower, elongate-triangular, its sides usually but
slightly elevated; sides of pronotum behind middle rarely
subparallel ; length less than 6 mm.
/. Third antennal segment not more than one-half the length of
second (figs. 44c — 51c).
g. Antennae moderately robust, the second segment strongly
narrowed in basal third (fig. 44c) ; scutellum at middle
narrower than corium at same level.
h. Membrane maculate with brownish; sides of scutellum
strongly elevated ; third antennal in part white or wholly
black; connexivum narrowly or not at all exposed.

239. LUGUBRIS.

hh. Membrane white, immaculate; sides of scutellum feebly ele-
vated; third antennal brown; connexivum broadly exposed.

240. BRUNNICORNIS.

gg. Antennas slender, second segment slightly and gradually en-
larged from near base (fig. 49c), sometimes abruptly
thickened near apex.
%. Pronotum widest well behind the middle, its posterior side
margins rounded or nearly parallel (figs. 47d — 49d).
j. Antenna? biannulate with white; corium not hyaline.
k. Elytra of both sexes not exceeding the tip of abdomen;
genital lobes of female extending beyond second genital
segment (fig. 47a). 241. abbas.

kk. Elytra of female (male not known) extending well be-
yond apex of abdomen ; genital lobes of female trun-
cate, not extending beyond tip of second genital seg-
ment (fig. 48a). 242. breviatus.
jj. Antenna? not biannulate; corium largely hyaline, without
distinct transverse veinlets. 243. gracilicornis.
ii. Pronotum widest slightly behind middle, its posterior side
margins straight and converging; color black; apical
third of third antennal segment pale.

244. UNIANNULATUS.

//. Third antennal segment about two-thirds as long as second;
antenna? pale brown. 245. falleni.

308 FAMILY IX. — ARADID,£.

234 (384). Aradus uniformis Heidemann, 1904, 231.

Broadly oval. Uniform fuscous-black; apical angles of connexival
segments faintly yellowish; third joint of antennae wholly whitish;
cells of membrane with fuscous cross-bars. Head short, about as long
as broad; tylus cylindrical, obtuse; antenniferous spines small, acute,
slightly divergent; impressions of vertex short, rather shallow; anten-
nae short, stout, second joint clavate, more than twice as long as third,
the latter one-third longer than fourth ; beak reaching hind margin
of front coxae. Pronotum with side margins flattened, rounded, feebly
reflexed, their edges minutely and evenly granulated; disk with six
carina? distinct, only the middle pair entire. Scutellum elongate-tri-
angular, sides strongly elevated, sinuate at middle. Basal expansion
of corium long, rather wide, its edge minutely crenate. Connexivum
narrowly exposed, male, almost wholly exposed, female. Male with ab-
domen oblong-oval, fifth ventral much shorter than sixth, genital
segment short, moderately convex, lobes large, elytra reaching their
tips; female with abdomen broadly and evenly oval, dorsal genital
segment with hind margin truncate, elytra reaching its apex. Length,
4.7—5.5 mm. (PI. II, fig. 40).

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 23; beaten from Spanish moss; the first
record for that State (W. S.B.). Rockaway Beach, Long
Island, N. Y., May 26; Lakehurst, N. J., May 29 (Davis).
Aberdeen and Southern Pines, N. Car., April 23 (Brimley) .
Ranges from Massachusetts to Pennsylvania and south to
North Carolina and Florida. Occurs especially along the ocean
in beach drift. A handsome and well marked little species,
easily recognized by its broad form, dark color, and short an-
tennae with third joint pale.

235 ( — ). Aradus insignitus Parshley, 1921, 75.

"Black, third antennal bright orange-yellow. Similar in structure
to uniformis except as follows: Tyius long, strongly compressed,
slightly enlarged at middle; antenniferous spines short, stout; antennae
(fig. 39c) as thick as front femora, first segment scarcely reaching
middle of tylus, length of second almost equal to width of head including
one eye (17 to 19). Pronotum (fig. 39d) distinctly convex, the lateral
margins slightly expanded, strongly reflexed, carina? well elevated.
Scutellum obscured. Hemelytra obscured, apparently reaching almost
to apex of abdomen ; basal expansion of exocorium slight. Abdomen
broadly oval, the lateral margins almost entire. Length, 5 mm."
{Parshley). (PI. II, fig. 39).

The above is the original description of the single damaged
female type, taken in Massachusetts and now in the Parshley
collection. Of it he says : "The antennal, pronotal and genital
characteristics are so distinctive that there can be no possi-
bility of confusing it with uniformis, its nearest ally."

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^. 309

236 (376). Aradus borealis Heidemann, 1909a, 190.

Elongate-oval. Dull fuscous-brown; head, pronotum, scutellum and
connexivals thickly beset with small grayish granules ; tip of scutel-
lum and apical angle of each connexival, reddish-yellow; beak and legs
brownish-yellow; ventrals reddish-brown with two rows of small round
black spots each side. Head slightly longer than wide, tylus stout,
strongly compressed; antenniferous tubercles with spines short, conical,
acute. Antenna? stout, joint 1 and basal half of 2 pale brown, remainder
blackish; 1 very short, reaching only to middle of tylus; 2 gradually,
evenly clavate, slightly shorter, than width of head across eyes; 3 two-
fifths the length of 2, twice as long as four, the latter fusiform. Beak
reaching onto mesosternum. Pronotum nearly twice as wide as long,
side margins reflexed, finely crenulate, basal margin broadly concave;
disk with six carina?, the two inner ones entire, the outer one each side
shorter and curved inward. Scutellum nearly twice as long as wide at
base, its margins thickened and reflexed. Elytra with reflexed basal
expansion of corium long and rather narrow. Abdomen ovate, widest
behind the middle. Genital segments as in fig. 38. Length, 6.5 — 7.8 mm.

Maine (U. S. Nat. Mus.) . A scarce species of northern dis-
tribution, its range extending from Quebec and Maine to Sas-
katchewan and California.

237 (382). Aradus tuberculifer Kirby, 1837, 278.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish to blackish-brown; head, pronotum, scu-
tellum and apical portion of antenna? often darker; hind margin of each
connexival segment narrowly yellow. Head as wide as long; tylus com-
pressed, feebly tapering; antenniferous spines stout, acute, divergent;
impressions of vertex oval, rather shallow; antenna? as long as head
and pronotum, first joint very short, second suddenly clavate at apical
third, about two and a fourth times the length of third, the latter
one-half longer than fourth; beak reaching onto mesosternum. Pronotum
with margins slightly flattened, feebly reflexed, sinuate in front, rounded
behind, their edges finely granulate; disk with carina? distinct, the
median pair only entire. Scutellum elongate-triangular, sides strongly
elevated, sinuate near middle, apex acute. Basal expansion of corium
narrow, elongate. Male with fifth ventral shorter than sixth, genital
segment large, strongly convex, abdomen narrow, oblong-oval, covered
by elytra, which extend beyond its apex; female with abdomen broadly
oval, connexivum broadly exposed, elytra reaching apex of dorsal
genital, the latter with suture between it and lobes obsolete. Length,
6.5—7.3 mm. (PI. Ill, fig. 41).

Rockaway Beach, L. I., June 26 (Davis). Kirby's type was
from Canada, lat. 65°, and its known range is northern, extend-
ing from Quebec and Maine west and northwest to Minnesota,
Colorado, California, Alberta and Alaska. It was redescribed
by Bergroth (1913, 3). The A. caliginosus Walker (1873, 36)
is a synonym.

310 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^.

238 (383). Aradus funestus Bergroth, 1913, 4.

Elongate-oblong. Head, pronotum and scutellum dark brown to
black; elytra grayish- or fuscous-brown; connexivals fuscous, their hind
margins broadly pale; membrane dark fuscous, the veins in part paler;
antennas, legs and beak dax-k fuscous- to reddish-brown ; ventrals reddish-
brown; sterna and genital plate blackish. Head longer than wide, tylus
rather broad, its sides parallel; vertex with two deep oblong impressions;
antenniferous spines stout, subacute, parallel. Antennae subequal in
length to length of head and pronotum united, joint 1 very short, 2 slen-
der, as long as width of head across eyes, 3 and 4 slightly stouter, 4 two-
thirds the length of 3. Pronotum as in fig. 43d, sides of basal half
of disk convex, side margins narrowly reflexed. Scutellum as in key,
longer than middle of pronotum, its apex acute. Elytra, male, reaching
or slightly passing tip of abdomen, female reaching apex of dorsal
genital segment. Connexivum, male narrowly or not at all exposed;
female, broadly so. Male with fifth ventral about two-thirds as long
as sixth; genital very large, its basal half strongly convex. Length,
5.7 — 6.3 mm. Female with hind margin of dorsal genital feebly and
broadly curved. Length, 7 — 8 mm. (PI. II, fig. 43).

Moscow, Idaho (Osborn). Ellensburg, Wash. (U.S.Nat.
Mus.) . A species of northern distribution, ranging from Que-
bec and Ontario west to Alaska and the Pacific States. Known
also from Arizona and Nevada. Formerly recorded as A.
iuberculifera Kirby.

239 (386). Aradus lugubris Fallen, 1807, 34.

Oblong-oval. Fuscous-brown to black; apical third or more of third
antennal and apical angles or hind margins of connexivals dull white;
membrane whitish-hyaline maculate with brown; ventral surface dull
brown, the incisures of connexivals pale. Head as long as broad; tylus
stout, cylindrical; impressions of vertex broad, shallow, united behind;
antennae rather stout, shorter than head and pronotum together, second
joint two and a half times longer than third, the latter one-half longer
than fourth; beak reaching middle of mesosternum. Pronotum strongly
narrowed in front, sides not flattened, moderately reflexed, feebly sinuate
behind front angles, their edges evenly granulate; disk with all six
carina? distinct, only the middle pair entire. Scutellum elongate-tri-
angular, sides strongly elevated, feebly sinuate near middle, apex acute,
disk with rounded median elevation. Corium long, reaching base of
fifth segment, without basal expansion. Male with fifth ventral slightly
longer than sixth, genital segment large, moderately convex, elytra as
broad as abdomen, reaching its tip in both sexes; female with genital
lobes rather long, their hind margin rounded, abdomen narrowly ova1,
wider than elytra, its margins entire. Length, 4.8 — 6.4 mm. (PI. Ill,
fig. 44).

Georgetown, Colo., July 27; Ormsby Co., Nev., July (Ger-
hard). A species of wide distribution in the northern parts of

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^E. 311

both Continents, its known range in America extending from
Labrador, Quebec and New England west and north to Illinois,
Montana, Washington and Alaska. It is not recognized by
Parshley as occurring west of the Alleghenies from the region
south of Michigan and northern Illinois, but occurs in Ne-
braska, New Mexico and California. However, Say's A. rectus
(I, 352) which Bergroth (1892, 336) places as a synonym of
lugubris, was described from "Missouri and Florida." Parshley
makes no mention whatever of Say's species. Other synonyms
of lugubris are affinis Kirby (1837, 279) and fenestrate Walker
(1873, 36). A form with antennae wholly black is known as
var. nigricornis Reut. Of the habits of lugubris about Colden,
Ont, in July Van Duzee (1894, 182) states:

"Several individuals appeared on the trunk of a small maple tree
about five o'clock every afternoon. They were very active, leaping and
sporting about in the rays of the declining sun, as flies of the Tachinida?
frequently do. The reflection of the sunlight from their white glassy
wings made these little black bugs look like drops of silver as they darted
from point to point, and their activity made it next to impossible to cap-
ture them or even to trace them with the eye."

240 ( — ). Aradus brunnicornis sp. nov.

Elongate-oblong, sides subparallel. Black; antenna?, veins of elytra,
tibia?, tarsi and ventrals in great part, dark reddish-brown ; membrane
wholly white; apical fourth or less of connexivals above and beneath
dull yellow. Head slightly longer than broad; eyes prominent, protrud-
ing beyond apical angles of pronotum; tylus stout, subcylindrical, apex
obtuse; impressions of vertex deep, elongate, subparallel; antenniferous
spines stout, conical, moderately divergent. Joint 1 of antennae not
reaching middle of tylus, 2 subclavate, as long as width of vertex plus
one eye, 3 and 4 subequal in length, as stout as apex of 2, united equal
in length to 2. Pronotum trapezoidal, widest at basal third, side margins
moderately reflexed, finely granulate; hind one broadly concave in front
of scutellum; four inner carina? of equal length, subparallel, terminating
in front on an obtuse transverse preapical ridge, the usual outer carina?
subobsolete; disk evenly granulated, finely transversely strigose between
the carina?. Scutellum longer than pronotum, sides feebly elevated,
evenly converging almost from the base to the subacute apex. Elytra
reaching middle of last dorsal, basal expansion of corium scarcely evi-
dent; cross-veins of corium very few, cells largely hyaline. Connexi-
vum broadly exposed. Abdomen broader than elytra in both sexes.
Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 4; one specimen taken at light (W.S.
B.). Raleigh and Dunn, N. Car., April — July (Brimley). Allied

312 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^.

to lugubris. Differs in its smaller size and by characters given
in key.

241 (387). Aradus abbas Bergroth, 1889, clxxx.

Elongate-oblong. Head, pronotum and scutellum black or dark
brown ; elytra and under surface grayish or fuscous-brown ; membrane
hyaline, mottled with quadrate fuscous spots; antenna? fuscous, the tip
of second segment and apical half of third white, fourth black. Head
as long as broad; tylus short, stout, cylindrical; antenniferous spines
slender, acute, feebly divergent; antenna? very slender, as long as head
and pronotum united, second joint more than twice the length of third,
the latter one-half longer than fourth ; beak reaching middle third of
mesosternum. Pronotum much narrowed from middle to apex, side
margins not flattened, slightly reflexed, feebly sinuate, finely and irreg-
ularly granulate, hind angles rounded; disk with four nearly entire
moderately elevated carina?, the basal one each side evident. Scutellum
narrow, elongate-triangular, apex subacute, sides rather strongly ele-
vated ; disk with median elevation and fine transverse ruga?. Elytra in
both sexes reaching apex of abdomen. Male with fifth ventral much
shorter at middle than sixth, genital segment large, strongly convex;
hind margin of dorsal genital of female with small notch at middle.
Length, 4.6—5.5 mm. (PI. Ill, fig. 47).

Lake Waccamaw and Terra Ceia, N. Car., April 16 — Septem-
ber (Brimley) . Iditarod, Alaska, July 27 (Gerhard) . A small, well
marked species of wide distribution, its known range extending
from Newfoundland, Quebec and New England west and north-
west to Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska and south
and southwest to Florida and California. Known from both
Michigan and Illinois but not as yet from Indiana. The only
Florida station recorded is Atlantic Beach by Mrs. A. T. Slos-
son. Superficially this species resembles lugubris very closely.
It is best distinguished by the more slender antennae, the sec-
ond joint of which is much less clavate, being only slightly en-
larged near apex.

242 (388). Aradus breviatus Bergroth, 1887, 245.

Female — "Color and structure as in abbas; posterior lateral mar-
gins of pronotum distinctly oblique; elytra extending well beyond apex
of abdomen. Dorsal genital segment apparently much abbreviated ; sec-
ond dorsal genital visible from above (through the wings) ; ventral gen-
ital segments as in abbas except that the genital lobes are truncate,
scarcely extending beyond apex of first genital segment. Length, 5 mm."
(Parshley). (PI. II, fig. 48).

Known from a single Florida female in Bergroth's collection.
Of it Parshley (1921, 86), who examined the type, says: "It

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^. 313

presents no characteristics wholly foreign to abbas except in the
structure of the genital lobes and the dorsal genital segment."
Later (Ms.) he says: "Breviatus is undoubtedly an abnormal
female, and I never expect to see another."

243 (390). Aradus gracilicornis Stal, 1873, 136.

Elongate-oval. Black or dark brown; head with an oblique pale
line behind each eye; corium with base and veins dark brown, its cells
whitish-hyaline, clavus, except base, and membrane, hyaline; apical
angles of connexival segments yellowish, conspicuously so in female.
Head as long as broad, tylus stout, subcylindrical; antenniferous spines
small, slender, acute, divergent; impressions of vertex narrow, deep,
widely separated ; antennae very slender, as long as head and pronotum
united, second joint two and a half times as long as third, fourth slightly
shorter than third, enlarged near apex; beak reaching middle of meso-
sternum. Pronotum with side margins narrow, scarcely reflexed, ob-
tusely rounded behind the middle, their edges finely granulated and with
two or three irregular teeth near front angles ; disk with four carina?
well elevated, nearly entire. Scutellum longer than pronotum, subtri-
angular, sides parallel on basal third, apex narrowly rounded. Outer
basal edge of corium nearly straight. Male with fifth ventral deeply
emarginate, very short at middle, genital segment very long, moderately
convex; abdomen narrowly oval, almost covered by elytra, which reach
its tip. Female with dorsal genital broad, its hind margin notched at
middle, connexivum fully exposed, elytra reaching middle of dorsal gen-
ital. Length, 4.7—5.8 mm. (PI. Ill, fig. 49).

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 13 — March 28. Taken from beneath the
bark of oak and by sweeping along the margin of a pond.
Wallace, N. Car., April 4 (Brimley) . Described from Cuba and
known from Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, Arizona and New
Mexico. In Florida it has hitherto been recorded from several
stations along the east coast. The slender antennae, hyaline
elytra and long genital of male are the principal distinguishing
characters.

244 ( — ). Aradus uniannulatus Parshley, 1921, 90.

Elongate-oval. Black, base of head with oblique black lines ; mem-
brane hyaline and with faint brownish spots ; hind margins of connex-
ivals narrowly pale. Head about as long as broad, as long as pronotum;
impressions of vertex broad, shallow, widely separated, connected be-
hind ; antenniferous spines short, feebly divergent. Antennae slender
(fig. 51c), nearly as long as head and pronotum united, joint 1 reach-
ing beyond middle of tylus, 2 equal to width of head including one eye;
beak reaching middle of mesosternum. Scutellum slightly longer than
pronotum, sides feebly elevated, straight to apical third, thence slightly
curved to the subacute apex, base depressed except at angles. Elytra,

314 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

male, broad, covering1 connexivum, reaching tip of abdomen ; of female
narrowed toward apex, leaving connexivum narrowly exposed, reaching
genital lobe. Male and female genitals as in fig. 51. Length, 4.2 —
4.5 mm. (PL III, fig. 51).

Ranges from Long Island, N. Y. (Paris), west to Michigan
and Alberta and south to Washington, D. C.

245 (389). Aradus falleni Stal, 1860, 68.

Elongate-oval. Black; membrane and cells of corium whitish-
hyaline; hind margin of connexivals and inner margin of genital lobes
yellowish; antennae, beak and legs brown. Head slightly broader across
the eyes than long; tylus short, sides parallel; antenniferous spines short,
stout, divergent; impressions of vertex short, broad, shallow, united
behind ; antenna? rather stout, distinctly shorter than head and pronotum
together, second joint gradually clavate from the base, one-half longer
than third, which is subequal to fourth; beak reaching mesosternum.
Pronotum with side margins narrowly reflexed, subsinuate in front of
middle, their edges granulate; disk with four carinas well elevated, near-
ly entire. Scutellum elongate-triangular, sides strongly elevated, apex
subacute. Outer margin of base of corium nearly straight. Male with
fifth ventral distinctly shorter than sixth; genital segment very short,
moderately convex, with a small rounded impression near apex; elytra
covering most of abdomen, reaching genital lobes; female, dorsal genital
segment truncate behind, connexivum widely exposed. Length, 3.7 — 5
mm. (PL III, fig. 53).

Dunedin, Miami and Royal Palm Park, Fla., March 21 — April
9. At Dunedin two specimens were taken in my house at light ;
at the Park one was taken at light, a second by sifting weed
debris in low damp ground, and a third beneath a "bootjack" of
cabbage palmetto. Described from Brazil and ranges through
most of both North and South America. Taken in both Ohio
and Illinois, but not as yet known from Indiana. Recorded by
Barber from seven localities in southern Florida, April — De-
cember. The second joint of antennae is subequal in length to
three and four together and not distinctly shorter as stated by
Van Duzee (1909, 175). It has been recorded several times
as occurring at light and is also said to be found on pine.

Group VI. — Aradus.

This group comprises a single very small reddish-brown
species.

246 (391). Aradus cinnamomeus Panzer, 1794, Heft 100, 20.

Broadly oval. Reddish-brown, eyes and joints 3 and 4 of antenna?
darker; membrane (macropterous form) whitish-hyaline. Head slightly

SUBFAMILY I. — ARADIN^E. 315

broader than long, distinctly longer than pronotum; tylus thick, sub-
depressed, apex rounded; antenniferous spines stout, strongly divergent;
impressions of vertex, shallow, ill defined; antenna? short, stout, but
slightly longer than head, second joint one-half longer than third, the
latter subequal to fourth ; beak reaching mesosternum. Pronotum feebly
convex, side margins moderately flattened, not reflexed, their edges very
finely dentate; carina? evident but faint, confined to basal half. Scu-
tellum triangular, sides scarcely elevated, apex subacute. Abdomen
broadly oval, its margins almost entire. Male macropterous, elytra
strongly narrowed at middle, enlarged at apex, reaching base of genital
lobes, fifth ventral half the length of sixth, gen-
ital segment large, strongly convex. Female di-
morphic, in macropterous form, the elytra broad,
covering most of disk of abdomen and reaching
base of dorsal genital, in brachypterous form
but slightly longer than scutellum, membrane
absent, costal margin broadly rounded. Length.
3—5 mm. (Fig. 65; PI. Ill, fig. 55).

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 17— Jan. 31 {W.S.
B.). Wilmington and Long Island, N. Y. ;
Lakehurst, N. J. ; Southport, N. Car. ; Ra-
bun Co., Ga., April — July {Davis). Ranges
from Massachusetts west to Nebraska and
southwest to Florida, Texas and Cali-
fornia. Also occurs generally in the Palsearctic Region. The
Dunedin record is the first one for Florida, two brachypterous
females having been beaten from pine on the dates mentioned.
Parshley (1921, 96) states that it is usually taken by beating
pine branches rather than by searching under sheets of dead
bark. He quotes Kiritshenko4s who says that : "In the district of
Lomja the damage done by A. cinnamomeus is appreciable, con-
sisting in the drying up of the tree-tops of pines which are
overrun by quantities of these insects which keep mostly under
the loose pieces of bark on the upper part of the stem."

Group VII. — Aradus.

To this group belong the species of the subgenus Quilnus Stal
(1873, 137). They are of medium or small size and dark color
and have the beak short, not passing base of head, pronotum
small, without expanded margins. Our single eastern species
is less than 7 mm. in length, the antennae very stout, shorter
than head and pronotum together. It is dimorphic in wing
length.

Fig. 65, X

4*Faune Russie Hemipt., VI, 1913,

316 FAMILY IX. — ARADID.E.

247 (395). Aradus nicer Stal, 1873, 137.

Broadly oval. Black; basal expansion of corium (in macropterous
form) and apical angles of connexivals obscurely pale. Head as broad as
long; tylus short, extending slightly beyond first antennal, its sides com-
pressed; impressions of vertex oval, shallow; antenna? thick, basal joint
very broad, second slightly longer than third which is twice the length
of fourth; beak reaching hind border of eyes. Pronotum very short, in
brachypterous form half as long as head, side margins straight, slightly
reflexed, their edges granulate, carinae evident but feebly developed. Scu-
tellum triangular, its sides feebly elevated, disk concave. Elytra in ma-
cropterous form evenly narrowed from the basal expansion, exposing the
connexivum, reaching genital segment, veins of membrane reticulate; in
brachypterous form but slightly longer than scutellum, membrane absent.
Male, fifth ventral slightly shorter than sixth, genital segment short,
strongly convex; female, hind margin of dorsal genital sinuate, concavely
curved at middle. Length, 5 — 6.5 mm. (PI. Ill, fig. 58).

Lakehurst, N. J., April 25; Nova Scotia, June (Davis).
Southern Pines, N. Car., January (Brimley) . Ranges from
Nova Scotia and New England southwest to South Carolina;
known also from Colorado, Texas and Mexico. Stal's types
were from South Carolina, but the insect remained unknown to
American collectors until Heidemann (1901, 389) discovered
it in some numbers in the rubbish and decaying matter under
the loose bark of pine trees near Washington, D. C. He observed
the winged male mating with the unwinged female and also
both sexes in the unwinged state.

Subfamily II. MEZIRIN^E.

Flat-bugs of medium or small size, having the head short,
depressed, usually wider behind the eyes than in front of them ;
tylus short, rarely exceeding apex of first joint of antennse;
beak very short, enclosed in a groove on under surface of head ;
prosternum and abdomen without a groove or sulcus ; prono-
tum trapezoidal or subquadrate, its side margins not explanate
or reflexed, disk rarely with carinae; scutellum short, broad,
its margins but slightly elevated ; elytra without basal ex-
pansion of corium, confined within the boundaries of the disk
of abdomen ; connexivum very broad, fully exposed ; under sur-
face flat ; all the coxae moderately separated ; trochanters free
from the femora ; abdominal spiracles placed at equal dis-
tances from the front and hind margins of the segments. The
subfamily is mainly tropical or subtropical in distribution and
comprises eight North American genera, seven of which are
represented in our territory.

SUBFAMILY II. — MEZIRIN^. 317

KEY TO EASTERN" GENERA OF MEZIRIN.^.

a. Antennas very short, the two basal joints united not reaching apex
of tylus; scutellum very long and narrow, extending beyond the
middle of abdomen; elytra membranaceous, the corium linear;
length, less than 4 mm. I. Calisius, p. 317.

aa. Antennae longer, the second joint always extending beyond apex of
tylus; scutellum of medium size, triangular or with apex rounded;
elytra in part coriaceous, the corium usually distinct from mem-
brane.
b. Scutellum triangular, never wider than long; fourth joint of an-
tenna? but little if any longer than third, often much shorter.
c. Venter more or less convex, its third, fourth and fifth segments
without a carina or keel between the spiracles and side margin.
d. Pronotum with side margins near middle bi-marginate or bi-
sinuate, its surface not granulate or rugose, but with callosities
formed of a pale crust; color pale brown or grayish; rostral
groove lanceolate. II. Proxius, p. 318.

del. Pronotum with side margins straight or unisinuate near middle;
surface granulate or rugose; color black or dark reddish
brown, rarely paler; rostral groove linear.
e. Membrane without distinct veins; third joint of antenna? (in our
species) longer than second. III. Pictinus, p. 320.

ee. Membrane with distinct veins.

/. Length, less than 4 mm. ; base of thorax trisinuate in front of

scutellum; spiracles placed near the side margins of ven-

trals. IV. Nannium, p. 320.

ff. Length, 5 or more mm. ; base of thorax truncate in front of

scutellum; spiracles equally distant from front, side and hind

margins of ventrals; third joint of antenna? distinctly longer

than second. V. Mezira, p. 321.

cc. Venter very flat, its third, fourth and fifth segments with a

carina or keel between the spiracles and side margins; third

joint of antenna? but little longer than second.

VI. Neuroctenus, p. 324.
bb. Scutellum as wide or wider at base than long, its apex very broadly
rounded; fourth joint of antenna? much longer than third; mem-
brane without veins. VII. Aneurus, p. 327.

I. Calisius Stal, 1860, 67.

Very small pale brown or fuscous-yellow species having the
antennae shorter than head ; margins of rostral sulcus parallel,
distant throughout their length ; sides of metanotum and first
dorsal visible from above ; pronotum with two to four short
ridges on both front and hind lobes ; osteolar opening distinct,
punctiform, placed in front of hind coxae. Two of the half-
dozen known species occur in Florida.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CALISIUS.

a. First joint of antenna? slightly surpassing apex of antenniferous
spines; color fuscous-ochraceous, sometimes darker.

248. CONTUBERNALIS.

318 FAMILY IX. — ARADID,£.

aa. First joint of antennae scarcely reaching apex of antenniferous
spines; color pale dull yellow. 249. an.-emus.

248 (397). Calisius contubernalis Bergroth, 1913, 6.

Oblong-oval. Dull grayish-yellow; base of elytra, some dots on scu-
tellum and middle of each connexival, fuscous. Head porrect, slightly
longer than broad, granulated above; antenna? stout, as long as head,
joints 1 and 2 subequal, 3 and 4 each slightly longer than those preced-
ing; beak reaching base of head. Pronotum shorter than head, narrowed
in front; disk finely punctate and with four obtuse granulated carina?,
the outer two converging, entire, the others confined to basal half. Scu-
tellum abruptly constricted and prolonged backward as a narrow ridge
to beyond middle of abdomen. Elytra finely and closely granulate-punc-
tate. Sides of abdomen strongly reflexed ; connexivum, viewed f rom the
side, formed of two layers, the edge of each division of the upper one
with two short lobes, the front one brown, the hind one pale; of the
lower one with three lobes, the middle one fuscous, the others pale.
Length, 3.2—3.8 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 17 ; one specimen beaten from limbs of
dead oak. The type, now in the U. S. National Museum, is from
St. George Island, Fla. Known elsewhere only from Guade-
loupe Island, W. I.

249 (398). Calisius animus Bergroth, 1913, 7.

"Closely allied to the preceding but entirely very pale ochraceous
without darker markings, all granules and tubercles being as pale as
the ground color. First joint of antenna? very short, reaching apex of
antenniferous spines (remaining joints wanting). The two convergent
keels of anterior pronotal lobe connected at apex by a short transverse
ridge. Scutellum without the transverse series of small tubercles close
to apical margin, but the apical margin itself distinctly crenulated. Un-
der side of body very finely and thickly granulated. First male genital
a little shorter than sixth ventral, the apical margin slightly sinuate at
middle. Second male genital with median lobe very narrowly triangular.
Length, male, 3.8 mm." {Bergroth) .

Known only from Biscayne Bay, Fla., where it was taken in
May by E. A. Schwarz and Mrs. A. T. Slosson.

II. Proxius Stal, 1873, 139.

Small elongate-oval species having the head, pronotum and
scutellum coated with a pale hard incrustation which forms pe-
culiar shaped callosities as shown in fig. 66 ; upper surface of
head with a cavity each side for reception of a part of the an-
tennae in repose; antennae short, joint 1 stout, reaching or
slightly passing tips of apical lobes of head, 2 oval, shorter
than 1, 3 slender, filiform, 4 fusiform, pilose at tip ; pronotum
subquadrate, its base subtruncate, disk with a transverse im-

SUBFAMILY II. — MEZIRIN^E. 319

pression slightly behind middle, front angles more prominent
than hind ones, often ending in obtuse spines ; membrane of
nearly the same texture as corium, the veins of both vague or
wanting; sides of abdomen not dilated or lobed ; posterior api-
cal angle of sixth dorsal prolonged. Five species are known,
all southern in distribution, two of which occur in Florida.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PROXIUS.

a. Third antennal one-half longer than second; middle of scutellum

with a T-shaped elevation. 250. gypsatus.

««. Third antennal twice as long as second; middle of scutellum with a

reversed T-like elevation. 251. schwarzii.

250 (399). Proxius gypsatus Bergroth, 1898, 100.

Elongate, subparallel. Reddish-brown, above thickly coated with a
clay-yellow crust; corium dull white; membrane and apical angles of
connexivals tinged with fuscous ; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Ver-
tex of head with sides dilated and projected outward beyond eyes, the
callosities forming an elongate triangular plate on middle of head. Joints
3 and 4 of antenna? subequal in length. Pronotum as under generic head-
ing, the incrustation forming a large bifid elevation on front half of
disk, four small obtuse tubercles along its basal margin, a ridge along
each side margin and a conical tubercle on each front angle. Scutellum
with median ridge as in key, the sides also thickened. Length, 3.5 —
4.5 mm.

St. Augustine, Fla. (U. S. N. Mus.) . The types of Bergroth
were from "Florida," and Venezuela. Known elsewhere only
from Guatemala and Panama.

251 (400). Proxius schwarzii Heidemann, 1904, 230.

Elongate-oval. Reddish-brown covered in some places with a yel-
lowish-white incrustation; legs light brown, femora
darker towards tip. Head about as long as broad,
in its middle a longitudinal ridge with a large hole
at its broader end, each side of ridge with a long
deep excavation ; tylus much shorter than apical
lobes of head ; antenniferous processes strongly
spined and curving inwardly, reaching middle of
first antennal. Joint 1 of antenna? stout, slightly
surpassing apical lobes of head, 2 oval, shorter
than 1 ; 3 very thin, about twice as long as 2, 4
nearly as stout and long as 1. Pronotum and scu-
tellum with encrusted ridges as in key and fig. 66.
Abdomen one-third longer than broad, narrower
at base than before the apex, last segment with
Fig. 66, female, x io. sides deeply sinuate, the posterior apical angle
(After Heidemann). acute> Length, 4.5 mm. (Fig. 66).

320 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

The foregoing are the salient features of the original de-
scription. It is known only by the unique female type taken at
Tampa, Fla., April 27, 1875.

III. PlCTlNUS Stal, 1873, 140.

In structure and general appearance our only member of this
genus is closely allied to Neuroctenus but differs in the lack of
a carina on sides of ventrals 3 — 5 and in having the third an-
tennal distinctly longer than second. From Aneurus, the only
other genus having the membrane devoid of veins, it is easily
known by the scutellum being triangular with apex acute and
by the fourth antennal being shorter than third. Our species
has the base of thorax squarely truncate instead of "subrotun-
dato-truncato" as stated by Stal in his key to genera. One of
the eight known species occurs in the southern states, the
others in Central and South America.

252 (402). Pictinus aurivillii Bergroth, 1887, 247.

Elongate-oblong, slightly wider behind the middle. Above reddish-
brown, the membrane and scutellum somewhat darker; connexivals each
with basal half dull yellow; under surface and legs brownish-yellow, the
genital region darker. Antenna? reaching only to middle of pronotum,
reddish-brown, the apex of fourth joint paler; joint 1 stout, subclavate,
slightly surpassing tip of tylus ; 2 slightly shorter and more slender, two-
fifths the length of 3, the latter longest, twice the length of 4. Head
relatively small, slightly longer than wide, narrower than front margin
of pronotum; antenniferous tubercles prominent, conical, obtuse; post-
ocular ones obsolete. Pronotum subquadrate, one-half wider than long,
sides sinuate in front of middle, front margin concave, disk finely and
evenly granulate, the transverse impression wide, shallow, ill-defined.
Scutellum broadly triangular, its margins thickened and disk with obtuse
percurrent median carina. Connexivum very broadly exposed. Membrane
finely rugulose without distinct veins. Length, 4.5 mm.

Crescent City, Fla., taken from beneath bark of dead orange
trees (Cornell Univ. Coll.). Known elsewhere only from Georgia
and Bayou Sara, La.

IV. Nannium Bergroth, 1898, 100.

Very small oblong or oblong-oval species having the head
short, broad ; antennae slender, nearly as long as head and
thorax united ; beak reaching base of head, its groove wide with
sides parallel ; pronotum with sides deeply emarginate, form-
ing a rounded front lobe, hind margin trisinuate; scutellum
broadly triangular, its base nearly as wide as pronotum. Five

SUBFAMILY II. — MEZIRIN^E. 321

species are known, four from South and Central America, the
other occurring in our territory.

253 (403). Nannium pusio Heidemann, 1909a, 189.

Oblong. Pale reddish-brown, nearly uniform; tips of antennal joints
and of femora and tibia? narrowly paler. Head as long as broad ; tylus
very short, scarcely reaching middle of first antennal; impressions of ver-
tex oval, deep; antenniferous spines short, triangular, divergent; an-
tennae with first joint strongly curved, its apical half much enlarged,
second and fourth subequal, each about one-half the length of third. Pro-
notum deeply emarginate near middle, its margins very finely dentate,
front portion of disk with four short carinse or tubercles. Scutellum
broadly triangular, disk with a median lengthwise carina, each side of
which is a small triangular space with raised margins. Male with sides
of abdomen parallel, middle of ventral segments subequal in length, geni-
tal segment very short, convex, its lobes narrow. Length 3 — 3.6 mm.

Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 2 (Davis). Described from there and
not known elsewhere. Taken by sifting earth near an old de-
caying tree stump.

V. MEZIRA Amyot & Serville, 1843, 305.

Species of medium size and oval form having the head as
long as or longer than broad ; tylus stout, not surpassing apex
of first antennal, its sides embraced by the cheeks, which are
contiguous in front of it ; antenniferous spines short, broad,
triangular, divergent; impressions of vertex broad, shallow;
antennae shorter than head and pronotum united, first joint
slender at base, much enlarged beyond middle, third one, in
our species (subgenus A rictus) distinctly longer than second;
beak reaching base of head, its groove wide, shallow, with sides
parallel; pronotum with sides more or less sinuate or emar-
ginate, disk coarsely granulate, its front portion with four
carinas or obtuse elevations ; scutellum broadly subtriangular,
its apex narrowly rounded, disk usually with an evident length-
wise median carina ; corium but little longer than scutellum ;
ventrals without a keel between spiracles and side margins, but
usually with a distinct ridge lying just within the spiracles.
Male with fifth ventral much narrowed at middle, sixth longest
at middle, seventh visible, very short, its lobes narrow, sub-
spatulate ; genital segment short, very convex. Our members
of this genus were formerly included under the name Brachy-
rhynchus Lap., which Bergroth (1906, 202) showed was preoc-
cupied. The genus is a large one, 20 species, mostly from the
tropical regions being recognized by Stal (1873, 143), and 14

322 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

from Central America being described as new by Champion
(1898, 91). Three of the four North American species listed
by Van Duzee occur in the eastern states and another has since
been described.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPEl'IES OF MEZIRA.

«. Larger, length, 7 or more mm.; seutellum with median carina dis-
tinct; head and pronotum rather sparsely granulated.
6. Sides of pronotum deeply concave before the middle, the carina? of
its front portion rather strongly elevated; color dull reddish-
brown. 254. LOBATA.
hi). Sides of pronotum shallowly concave, the carina? of disk low, ill
defined; color dark reddish to blackish brown.

255. EMARGINATA.

(Kt. Smaller, not over 5.5 mm.; head and pronotum densely granulated.
c. Seutellum densely and evenly granulated, without elevation at
base, the median carina obsolete or very faint.

256. GRANULATA.

cc. Seutellum with smooth transverse elevation at base, disk divided
by a distinct entire longitudinal median carina.

257. NOVELLA.

254 (404). Mezira lobata (Say), 1832, 30; I, 354.

Oblong-oval. Dull reddish-brown tinged with fuscous; hind margins
and edges of connexival segments often more or less yellow; disk of
dorsal surface of abdomen dull reddish-yellow. Head about as wide as
long, shorter than pronotum; tylus stout, reaching apical fourth of first
antennal, its tip obtuse, subtruncate; antenna? more slender than in
emarginata, third joint one-half longer than either second or fourth,
which are subequal. Pronotum with a deep transverse groove; side mar-
gins with a deep sinuation or concavity in front of middle, their front
portion somewhat produced and reflexed, forming a rounded lobe, hind
one with sides subparallel ; front portion of disk with four elevated,
oblique carina?, hind portion rather sparsely, coarsely granulated. Seu-
tellum broadly triangular, its apex narrowly rounded; sides feebly ele-
vated, disk with a distinct but low median longitudinal carina. Corium
with both outer and apical margins feebly sinuate. Other characters as
under generic heading. Male as there; female with basal genital plates
long, very rugose; dorsal genital three times as wide as long, its hind
margin concave. Length, 7.5 — 8.5 mm.

Scarce throughout the southern half of Indiana, Porter
County only in the north, April 6 — Dec. 16. Hibernates beneath
bark, especially that of dead elms and oaks and in spring and
summer occurs beneath chunks in low moist woods and on a
whitish fungus growing beneath bark. Ranges from New York
to Michigan and California and south and southwest to Georgia,
Florida and Texas. The only Florida record is that of Osborn

SUBFAMILY II. — MEZIRIN^E. 323

(1903, 40) and may have been based on a specimen of
emarginata.

255 (405). Mezira emarginata (Say), 1832, 30; I, 354.

Resembles lobuta but averaging larger and darker; tylus narrower
and more rounded at tip ; antennas stouter and slightly shorter, the rela-
tive length of the segments about the same. Pronotum with the trans-
verse impression less deep, the notch on sides much less acute, the front
lobe smaller and less prominent, the carinas of front portion lower and
more irregular, and the granulations of surface, especially the edges,
coarser and more regular. Length, 8 — 9 mm.

Dunedin and Istokpoga, Fla., March 27 — April 10 (W. S. B.) .
Cape Hatteras and Fayetteville, N. Car., January — June
(Brimley). The Florida specimens were taken beneath rubbish
or by sweeping along the margins of woodland ponds and lakes.
Described from Mexico and recorded from Jacksonville, Fla. by
Barber; also from Mississippi, New Mexico, Nevada and Cali-
fornia by Van Duzee. The specimens at hand are much darker
than those of lobata from Indiana, but are dark reddish-brown,
not black as stated by Say. The indentation of margin of pro-
notum is a deep, obtuse sinuation rather than a notch as in
lobata. This is the "M. moesta Stal," recorded by Sherman (1905,
8) from Cape Hatteras, N. Car. That is a Mexican species
known in the United States only from Wyoming, Arizona and
California. It differs from emarginata in having the antennae
more slender with third joint longer, side margins of pronotum
not or very faintly sinuate and scutellum without carina?.

256 (407). Mezira granulata (Say), 1832, 30; I, 353.

Oblong-oval, densely granulate above. Pale to dark reddish-brown ;
membrane whitish clouded with fuscous. Head as long as broad ; tylus
rather slender, reaching almost to apex of first antennal, its tip rounded;
antennas slender, second and fourth joints subequal, each but slightly
more than half the length of third. Pronotum with transverse impres-
sion shallow, side margins sinuate near middle, disk without well defined
anterior lobe; elevations of front portion low, very irregular. Scutellum
broadly triangular, narrowly rounded at tip, the median carina very
faint. Length, 4.8 — 5.5 mm.

Southern half of Indiana, frequent, April 2 — Sept. 20; not
taken north of Marion County. Bassenger, LaBelle and Dunedin,
Fla., November — March (W.S.B.). Washington D. C, and
Rabun Co., Ga., April — July (Davis). Numerous stations in
North Carolina (Brimley). Occurs mainly beneath bark of dead
water and red oaks ; in Florida also beneath that of pine and
the boot-jacks of cabbage palmetto. Scores in all stages have

324 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

been taken in the winter from single colonies near Dunedin.
Say mentions it as "common in Florida," and it is recorded defi-
nitely from Crescent City and Enterprise by Barber. Ranges
from Maryland west to Missouri, and south and southwest to
Florida and Texas. Uhler (1878, 420) also records it from Cuba
and Bergroth from Mexico.

257 (— ). Mezira novella Blatchley, 1924, 88.

Elongate-oblong. Dark reddish-brown, under surface and dorsum of
connexivum paler; membrane fuscous with a vague pale spot at base.
Head as long as wide across the eyes; tylus almost
reaching apex of first antennal; antenniferous spines
small, triangular, acute; vertex coarsely, unevenly
granulated, the impressions very small; postocular tu-
bercles distinct, obtuse; antenna? stout, distinctly
shorter than head and pronotum united, joints 1, 2 and
4 subequal in length, 3 one-half longer. Pronotum sub-
trapezoidal, sides distinctly not deeply sinuate near
middle, margins finely reflexed, median transverse im-
pression evident, ill-defined ; disk with front portion
bearing four oval or lozenge shaped low but distinct
tubercles, hind portion finely and densely granulated,
iiead showing 'short Scutellum triangular, much narrower than in granulata,
beak. (Original). ^e apex more acute; disk as described in key. Abdo-
men narrow, the sides parallel. Ventral segments with the usual ridge
lying just within the spiracles very faint. Genital segment of male sub-
triangular, obtuse behind, carinate and subimpressed each side above,
lobes narrow, very small. Length, 4.5 mm. — 4.8 mm. (Fig. 67).

Cape Sable, Fla., Feb. 25 — 28 ; a dozen or more specimens
beneath bark of decaying limbs in dense hammocks. Smaller
and paler than granulata, with sculpture of scutellum very dif-
ferent. Pronotum with side margins narrower, less reflexed,
their apical lobe much less pronounced ; front portion of disk
with tubercles more distinct, hind one much more finely and
densely granulated.

VI. Neuroctenus Mayr, 1866, 365.

Oval or elongate-oval species of medium size differing from
Mezira in having the antennal segments more subequal in
length, the third but slightly longer than the others; pronotum
with side margins entire or nearly so, disk without median
transverse impression or carinae; scutellum broadly triangular,
the basal margin longest ; abdomen very flat, the ventrals each
with a carina between the spiracles and side margins. Four
North American species are known, all occurring in our
territory.

SUBFAMILY II. — MEZIRIN^. 325

KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEUROCTENUS.

a. Apex of head not apparently cleft, the cheeks rounded and contigu-
ous in front of tylus.
b. Color blackish-brown ; scutellum without trace of carina on apical
half; smaller, length, 4.5 — 6 mm. 258. simplex.

bb. Color dark reddish-brown; scutellum with a faint median carina
on apical half; larger, length 5.5 — 6.5 mm. 259. elongatus.

a«. Apex of head distinctly cleft in front, the cheeks surpassing tylus,
not contiguous in front of it.
c. Abdomen broadly ovate; hind portion of scutellum granulate, not
rugose; length, 6 — 7 mm. 260. pseudonymus.

cc. Abdomen with sides parallel ; hind portion of scutellum distinctly
transversely rugose; length, 5.8 — 6.2 mm. 261. hopkinsi.

258 (408). Neuroctenus simplex (Uhler), 1876, 323.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown to blackish, finely and densely
granulated ; membrane usually whitish-hyaline with two fuscous stripes,
often in great part clouded with fuscous ; beak, apical half of fourth
antennal, coxae and tarsi dull yellow. Head about as long as wide, tylus
reaching apex of first antennal; antenniferous spines short, conical, acute,
divergent; antenna? short, stout, third joint slightly longer than second.
Pronotum trapezoidal, the side margins straight, oblique from apex to
basal third, thence subparallel to base; disk finely and unevenly granu-
lated, the front portion usually with three or four small oval, slightly
raised nearly smooth spaces. Scutellum broadly triangular, evenly and
densely granulated throughout. Male with genital segment short, swollen,
bluntly rounded, impressed above. Length, 4.5 — 6 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, March 5 — Oct. 10 ; Dunedin
and Cape Sable, Fla., November — April (W.S.B.). Numerous
stations in New York and New Jersey (Davis). This is in both
Indiana and Florida the most common of our "flat-bugs," oc-
curring sometimes by hundreds beneath the bark of red and
black oaks in the former State and beneath that of water oak
and pine in the latter. It is also often beaten from bunches of
Spanish moss and has been swept from the flowers of asters
and other Compositae in autumn. Heidemann (1904a, 162)
says of it : "This is the commonest species of the Aradids
known in the United States. Fresh specimens have the mem-
branous parts of the elytra silvery-white with a short dark
streak at base, sometimes running down to the middle and
forming an irregular spot." Osborn states that it is sometimes
taken in Ohio under bark of beech. Barber records it only
from Biscayne Bay and Lakeland, Fla., but, judging from its
abundance about Dunedin, it must occur throughout the State.
The known range of the species extends from Maine and Massa-
chusetts west to Missouri and southwest to Florida, Texas and

326 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

Cuba. The Florida specimens are distinctly darker in hue than
those from Indiana.

259 (410). Neuroctenus elongatus Osborn, 1903, 41.

Very close to N. simplex; slightly larger and paler. Above dark
brown, the edge of abdomen paler reddish-brown; membrane brown with
two paler spots at base; under surface reddish-brown, the femora darker.
Tylus slightly exceeding tip of first antennal, its apex slightly notched;
antenniferous spines strongly divergent, their tips acute; antennal joints
subequal. Pronotum as in simplex, the side margins slightly sinuate in
front of middle. Scutellum as there but the apical half with faint carina.
Male with genital segment broad oval, its hind margin subangulate and
lobes small ; female with lateral lobes as seen from above, slightly
longer than the middle one which is obtusely rounded and notched at
apex. Length, 5.5 — 6.5 mm.

Lake, Fountain, Jackson Posey and Crawford counties, Ind. ;
April 19 — Nov. 8. Raleigh, N. Car., July (Brimley). Washing-
ton, D. C. (Gerhard). Occurs beneath bark of oak. Recorded
from Ohio, Pennsylvania and North Carolina.

260 (409). Neuroctenus pseudonymus Bergroth, 1898a, 27.

Broadly ovate. Above blackish-brown, the sides of abdomen slightly
paler, membrane with two pale spots at base; beneath reddish-brown,
femora darker, beak, coxae and tarsi paler. Head slightly longer than
broad, cheeks distinctly surpassing tylus, slightly exceeding first anten-
nal, their tips not contiguous ; antenniferous spines acute, strongly di-
vergent; spinous process behind eyes distinct, acute; third joint of an-
tennae more slender and slightly longer than second. Pronotum with
front side margins slightly sinuate, distinctly not strongly reflexed, front
angles rounded; disk, as also that of scutellum, roughly granulated.
Abdomen dilated, broadly oval. Male with genital segment oval, broader
than long, its hind margin broadly rounded, lobes very small; female
with dorsal genital lunate, its lobes very broad, concave above. Length,
6 — 7 mm.

Posey Co., Ind., April 10— May 10 (W.S.B.). Cincinnati,
Ohio, May 7 (Davis). In Posey County it was taken in some
numbers beneath decaying chunks in low damp places. Known
elsewhere from District of Columbia and North Carolina. Heide-
mann (1904a, 163) records it as occurring near Saluda, N. Car.,
beneath bark of a decaying chestnut log and says : "It is more
robust and broader in body than any other of our species of
Neuroctenus." It is the N. ovatus Stal of Osborn and other
authors.

261 (411). Neuroctenus hopkinsi Heidemann, 1904a, 163.

Elongate-oval. Dark reddish-brown, opaque; membrane blackish
with two triangular yellow spots at base near tip of scutellum and one

SUBFAMILY II. — MEZIRINiE. 327

each side adjoining tip of corium; beak, tarsi and apical half of fourth
antennal, dull yellow. Cheeks exceeding tylus, their tips slightly en-
larged and divergent; head behind eyes rounded, without spinous process;
antennae and antenniferous spines as in pseudonymus. Pronotum trape-
zoidal, side margins evidently but not deeply sinuate, not reflexed ; disk
rather coarsely and evenly granulated. Scutellum broadly triangular,
its apex narrowly rounded; disk granulated from base to middle, then
transversely wrinkled. Genital segment of male, broad, oval, hind mar-
gin subangulate, lobes small; of female with lateral lobes rounded, middle
lobe transverse, its hind margin rounded, entire. Length, 5.8 — 6.2 mm.

Plummer's Island, Md., April 24 (Gerhard). Clayton, Ga.,
June (Davis) . Described from North Carolina and hitherto
recorded only from that State. The rounded and non-spinous
postocular portion of head and rugose surface of hind portion
of scutellum are its principal distinctive characters. It is also
less shining than our other species, with antennae relatively
shorter and stouter, both they and head very coarsely granu-
lated.

VII. Aneurus Curtis, 1825, 86.

Small oblong or oval, brown or blackish species having the
surface smooth or minutely granulated ; head as broad or
slightly broader than long, tylus equalling or slightly exceed-
ing the cheeks ; antenniferous spines very short, acute, some-
times subobsolete ; impressions of vertex broad, oval, shallow ;
antennae slender, first joint stoutest, fourth longest ; beak very
short, not reaching hind margin of eyes, its sulcus lanceolate ;
pronotum subtrapezoidal, margins entire or very finely denticu-
late, not reflexed, disk with an evident but ill-defined trans-
verse median impression ; scutellum as wide or wider at base
than long, its apex broadly rounded, edges not elevated ; mem-
brane without visible veins ; ventral surface very flat, seg-
ments without rugae or keels. Seven species are known from
North America, all of which occur in our territory.

KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ANEURUS.

a. Antenniferous spines wanting or very short and obtuse.

b. Joints 1 — 3 of antennae subequal in length, 4 subcylindrical, as long

as 2 and 3 united; postocular spines prominent, acute; terminal

genital segment of male wider than long, not surpassing the

lobes at sides. 262. politus.

bb. Joints 1 — 4 of antennae gradually increasing in length, the second
one-half longer than first, 4 fusiform; postocular spines obtuse;
terminal genital segment of male oblong, convex, surpassing
the lobes. 263. tenuicornis.

328 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

aa. Antenniferous spines distinct, short, acute.

c. Third joint of antennae three-fourths or more the length of fourth;

length, 5.5 or more mm. 264. inconstans.

cc. Third antennal not more than one-half the length of fourth ; length

not more than 5.3 mm.

d. Second antennal distinctly longer than basal one; fourth more

than twice as long as third; terminal genital of male obtusely

triangular, granulate above, shorter than the lobe.

265. SIMPLEX.
dd. Second antennal not longer than basal one; fourth not more than
twice as long as third.
e. Second antennal as long as basal one, the latter not as broad as
tylus; length, 4.5 — 4.8 mm. 266. septentrionalis.

ee. Second antennal shorter than basal one, the latter broader thar
tylus.
/. Color pale reddish-brown ; length not over 3 mm.

267. MINUTUS.
//. Color dark reddish-brown; length, 3.6 — 4 mm. 268. fiskei.

262 (412). Aneurus politus Say, 1832, 31; I, 354.

Elongate-oval strongly depressed. Uniform dark reddish-brown;
basal half of pronotum, scutellum and elytra dark chestnut brown. Head
as wide as long, finely granulated, eyes small, not prominent; antennae as
in key, joint 1 stoutest. Pronotum with sides in front of the obtuse but
prominent humeral angles broadly concave; hind margin subtruncate;
front half of disk shining, its sides sparsely rugose; hind one finely
strigose granulated, more so on the middle depression. Scutellum finely
concentrically strigose, broader at base than long, its apex less broadly
rounded than in our other species. Elytra finely rugose, not strigose.
Legs very short, femora subclavate. Other characters as in key. Length,
4.5 — 4.7 mm.

Capetillo, Guatemala (British Mus. Coll.). Described from
Florida and recorded by Barber from St. Augustine and Bell-
aire. Known also from Cuba and Central America. Larger
and more oval than tenuicornis, head wider, antennae shorter
and stouter, scutellum longer with apex narrower.

263 (418). Aneurus tenuicornis Champion, 1898, 116.

Elongate-oval. Pale to dark chestnut-brown, shining; very minutely
strigose-granulate. Head as long as broad ; tylus surpassing first anten-
nal, the latter short, sublobose; antennae as in key, joint 4 one-half
longer than 2 and 3 united. Pronotum with sides rather strongly sinuate,
its front portion distinctly narrower than hind one, front angles narrowly
rounded. Scutellum almost semicircular, densely, minutely strigose, a
smooth obtuse median carina on basal half. Male genital segment as in
key, slightly wider at base, apex obtuse, the lobes very narrow; female
with dorsal genital semicircular, truncate behind, lobes very short.
Length, 3.7 — 4 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — MEZIRIN^. 329

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 8 — April 3. Taken from beneath boards
in low moist places and from beneath bark of dead limbs of
oak and red bay. Spring Hill, Ala., May 2 (Gerhard). Haw
Creek, Fla. (Cornell Univ. Coll.). Described from Guatemala
and Panama and hitherto recorded from the United States only
from Georgia.

264 (414). Aneurus inconstans Uhler, 1871, 105.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown; head, antennae, pronotum and
scutellum usually fuscous; corium sometimes with a whitish spot at
middle. Head as wide as long; tylus reaching apical fourth of first an-
tennal; antenniferous spines visible but very short, acute; antennas rather
stout, nearly as long as head and pronotum united, second joint slightly
longer and more slender than first, third but slightly shorter than fourth.
Pronotum with side margins widely and shallowly sinuate, their edges
not reflexed, minutely denticulate; disk finely and densely granulated.
Scutellum not wider at base than long, disk finely transversely wrinkled
and with a faint oblique, abbreviated carina each side. Male genital seg-
ment oval, convex, its apex broadly rounded, lobes slightly shorter, tri-
angular, their apex subtruncate, much wider than base; female dorsal
genital sublunate, concave behind, genital lobes scarcely visible from
above, the hind margin of second genital truncate. Length, 5.5 — 6.3 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., May 5 (W.S.B.). Rockaway Beach, Tar-
bel, DeBruce and East Jewett, N. Y. ; Schooley's Junction, N.
J., May 21 — July 6 (Davis) . Ranges from Quebec and New
England west to Indiana. Van Duzee (1894, 182) took it in all
stages at Buffalo under dead birch bark, February and April.

265 (415). Aneurus simplex Uhler, 1871, 106.

Elongate-oval. Pale reddish-brown; elytra, including membrane,
dull white. Head as wide across eyes as long; vertex transversely stri-
gose; tylus stout, cylindrical, its front portion elevated above, but not
much surpassing the slender tips of cheeks; postocular tubercles promi-
nent. Antenna? scarcely as long as head and pronotum united, joint 1
oblong, its base very slender; 2 and 3 subequal in length, each more
slender and one-third longer than 1, the base of 2 tapering; 4 slightly
stouter, pilose, about as long as 2 and 3 united. Pronotum nearly twice
as wide as long, constricted and with a distinct transverse impression in
front of middle; front lobe with four or five flat oval callosities, side
margins minutely denticulate, hind one truncate, front angles obtusely
rounded. Scutellum finely and very irregularly strigose, without carina,
its apex broadly rounded. Dorsal genital of female trapezoidal, trun-
cate behind. Length, 5 — 5.3 mm.

Dilly, Ore. (Barber). Hoquiam, Wyo., on Pieea sitchensis
(Bong.) ; Denver, Colo. (Cornell Univ. Coll.). A species of north-
ern range recorded only from Vermont, Massachusetts and
Washington.

330 FAMILY IX. — ARADID^E.

266 (413). Aneurus septentrionalis Walker, 1873, 30.

Elongate-oval. Color a nearly uniform pale reddish-brown; head
and pronotum somewhat darker. Head as wide across eyes as long, tylus
large, prominent, surpassing cheeks by half its length; antenniferous
spines short, divergent, subacute. Antennae as in key, joint 4 twice as
long as 3. Pronotum trapezoidal, two-thirds wider at base than long,
apex and side margins concave, hind one truncate; disk with a broad
shallow transverse groove at middle, and with an oblong transverse eleva-
tion behind each front angle and before each hind one. Scutellum almost
semicircular, its apex very broadly rounded, disk finely rugose. Length,
4.5 — 4.8 mm.

One without locality from Osborn collection. Recorded from
Nova Scotia, Quebec and Ontario.

267 (416). Aneurus minutus Bergroth, 1886, 58.

Oblong-oval. Color dimorphic, usually a uniform, rather pale red-
dish-brown, minutely and densely granulated; sometimes with head,
pronotum and scutellum blackish-brown, the elytra then pale whitish hya-
line, the corium narrowly dark at base. Head slightly wider than long;
tylus short, stout, reaching apex of first antennal ; antenniferous spines
very short, acute, divergent; antennae with joints 1 and 3 subequal in
length, 2 shorter, 4 twice or more the length of 3. Pronotum with side
margins entire, sinuate in front of middle; disk rugose or tuberculate in
front, minutely granulate behind. Scutellum with base truncate, sides
and apex broadly rounded, disk minutely granulated, a very fine basal
carina each side. Abdomen with sides subparallel, male, just visibly
curved, female. Genital segment of male convex, subquadrate, very short,
lobes minute, barely evident above; female with dorsal genital semicir-
cular, feebly impressed above. Length, 2.7 — 3 mm.

Dunedin and Cape Sable, Fla., Dec. 31 — April 3. Taken at
Dunedin, Jan. 8, by scores and in all stages from beneath the
thin bark of a dead sprout of red bay, Persea borbonia L. ; also
on numerous other occasions by beating dead vines, dead oak
limbs, and the foliage of the scurfy Ericad, Xolisma ferruginea
{Walt.), Heidemann (1904a, 164) records it from Bruns-
wick, Ga., where it was "found April 26, in deserted galleries
of a small Cerambycid in dead branches of Sumac." He also
notes its occurrence in southern Florida, but it is not included
in Barber's 1914 Florida list. Aside from these two states it
is known from Texas, Arizona, Mexico and the West Indies.
Osborn mentions it as having been taken at Cincinnati, Ohio,
but this record may have been based on a wrong identification.
Of the 16 specimens at hand five, all males, are of the dark
form with white elytra.

THE STILT-BUGS. 331

368 (417). ANEURUS fiskei Heidemann, 1904a, 164.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown, finely granulose; middle of
corium usually with a transverse yellow spot. Head slightly longer than
broad; tylus reaching apical third of first antennal; antenniferous spines
short, acute, curved; antennae slender, about twice the length of head,
basal joint oval, very stout, second similar but more slender and shorter,
third and fourth cylindrical, the latter slightly longer than second and
third united. Pronotum with distinct transverse impression, margins
feebly sinuate in front of middle ; disk very finely granulose, the hind por-
tion vaguely rugose. Scutellum slightly wider than long, sides broadly
rounded from base to apex, disk with a fine but distinct carina each side.
Genital segment of male oblong, convex, obtuse, slightly surpassing the
small spatulate lobes. Length, 3.6 — 4 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 16 ; one male beaten from prickly
ash, Xanthoxylum americanum Mill. Staten Island, N. Y., June
28 (Davis) . Described from Tryon, N. Car., and recorded from
Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Georgia.
Heidemann (loc. cit.) states that the types "were collected be-
neath bark of decaying branches of sourwood (Oxydendrum)
and also beneath loose bark scales on the dry branches of syca-
more." At White Plains, N. Y., Bueno (1908a, 227) found it
under bark of dead hardwood trees, oaks, hickory, etc., pref-
erably saplings and smaller branches.

Family X. NEIDID^E Kirkaldy, 1902, 302.

The Stilt-bugs.

Elongate, very slender Heteroptera of a pale color, having
the head conical, porrect, declivent in front ; eyes small, distant
from its base ; ocelli present ; vertex with a transverse sulcus in
front of them ; antennae four-jointed, elongate, filiform, elbowed
at the end of the very long first joint, the latter and the femora
clavate, fourth joint much the shortest, fusiform ; beak slen-
der, four-jointed, reaching or exceeding middle coxae; pronotum
much longer than wide, convex behind, the disk with margins
carinate and with a more or less entire median carina; scu-
tellum very small, often armed ; elytra long, narrow, the costal
edge of the corium prolonged much beyond the middle of the
membrane ; legs very long and slender, more or less thickly
beset with short bristles; metathorax (in our eastern species)
with a distinct osteolar canal or groove running from the coxal
cavity outward to an osteolar tubercle which is sometimes long
and spine-like; tarsi three- jointed.

332 FAMILY X. — NEIDID^E.

This family was until recent years treated as a subfamily of
the Coreidse. By some authors it is known as Berytidse. About
60 species are known, nine of which occur in America north of
Mexico. Of these, four species, representing as many genera,
occur in our territory. The principal literature treating of them
is by: Say, 1824, 1832; Stal, 1874; Van Duzee, 1909, 1914;
Barber, 1911a; McAtee, 1919a.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF NEIDIDjE.

a. Head elongate and with a porrect decurved spine between the bases
of antennae; elytra in great part coriaceous, the clavus and corium
strongly punctate; scutellum without a spine; osteolar tubercle
low, not spined. (Subfamily Neidinse). I. Neides, p. 332.

aa. Head shorter, without a decurved spine; clavus and corium in great
part hyaline with but few punctures; scutellum with a distinct
spine. (Subfamily Metacanthinse) .
b. Front of pronotum without an erect spine each side; osteolar

process long, more or less spine-like; tibia? not annulate.

c. Front coxae separated by a distinct sulcate area; fourth joint of

antennae longer than head ; osteolar process not curved or

twisted, the canal ending on its outer side. II. Jalysus, p. 333.

cc. Front coxae contiguous or nearly so; fourth antennal about as

long as head ; osteolar process curved and twisted so that the

canal ends on its upper side. III. Aknisus, p. 334.

bb. Front of pronotum with an erect sharp spine each side; osteolar

tubercle low, not at all spine-like; tibiae banded with black.

IV. Protacanthus, p. 335.

I. Neides Latreille, 1802, 246.

Here belongs a single slender species having the vertex of
head produced into a strongly deflexed spine or process which,
however, scarcely reaches the middle of the declivent tylus;
pronotum without spines, the median carina confined to basal
portion ; elytra reaching tip of abdomen, the costal margin to
middle of sixth ventral ; front coxae well separated ; under side
of neither head nor prosternum with a sulcus, the position of
beak usually limited each side by a heavy line of whitish gran-
ules; meso- and metasterna with a deep groove bordered each
side by similar granules. Other characters as in generic key.

269 (419). Neides muticus (Say), 1832, 13; I, 328.

Dull straw-yellow; disk and side margins of hind lobe of pronotum
and base of corium sometimes with vague blackish markings; last joint of
antennae, tips of tibiae and tarsi and groove of meso- and metasterna
black or fuscous. First and third joints of antennae subequal in length,
second nearly one-half shorter. Pronotum densely and coarsely punc-

THE STILT-BUGS.

333

tate, the carinae each ending behind in a small tubercle. Elytra with
membrane relatively short, finely, transversely rugose. Length, 8.2 —
9.5 mm.

Lake and Porter counties, Ind., Aug. 1 — 28 (Gerhard).
Snicker's Gap, Va. (Davis). Algonquin, 111., May 20 (Hart).
Blowing Rock, N. Car., April 9 (Brimley). Canaan, Mass., July
12 (Frost). The general range of this species is northern, ex-
tending from Quebec and New England north of the 42nd Par-
allel, westward across the continent. South of the Ohio River
it is definitely recorded only from the mountains of North Car-
olina and Georgia. A specimen in the National Museum is
labelled "Duvall Co., Fla.," but McAfee expresses doubt as to
its coming from there. It is also known from Kansas, Ari-
zona and California. Uhler calls it "the subalpine analogue"
of Jalysus spinosus Say, and states that on Aug. 5 in eastern
Colorado he found them "flying in the bright sunlight and
they might easily have been taken for Tipulidce." About Buffalo,
N. Y., Van Duzee (1894, 172) says they "are common in weedy
fields and pastures. The summer brood appears about August

1st, and is taken in winter hiber-
nating." The North Carolina speci-
men at hand has an oblong blackish
mark on disk of hind lobe of pro-
^. // notum and the clavate tips of

femora are brownish. The sulcus
of sterna also lacks the whitish
granules usually found along the
sides, but the structural characters
agree in all respects with typical
muticus.

II. Jalysus Stal, 1862, 59.

Very slender species having the
head sparsely punctate and (in our
eastern one) without spines; pro-
notum densely and coarsely punc-
tate, the front portion with two
smooth callosities, the hind lobe
strongly convex; scutellum with a
short, sharp inclined spine ; elytra in great part hyaline, reach-
ing base of sixth dorsal, clavus transversely rugose ; beak
reaching onto metasternum, its sulcus obsolete on head, narrow

Fig. 68, X 3. (After Lugger).

334 FAMILY X. — NEIDIDjE.

between the front coxae, much widened behind them, contracted
again between middle coxae and widened on metasternum, its
edges sharply carinate ; osteolar process ending in a spine. A
half dozen species are known, two of them and one variety
from North America. One species occurs east of the Missis-
sippi.

270 (421). Jalysus spinosus (Say), 1824, 28; I, 28.

Dull reddish-brown or brownish-yellow; last antennal joint (except
base and apex), apex of corium, tips of tarsi and often sterna and stripes
on venter blackish-fuscous. First joint of antennae distinctly longer than
third, second only twice the length of fourth. Spine of scutellum in-
clined at an angle of about 45 degrees. Length, 7 — 9 mm. (Fig. 68).

Frequent throughout Indiana, much more so in the southern
portion; Feb. 25— Sept. 18. Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 18— April 3.
In Indiana it hibernates beneath logs, leaves of mullein and
other cover, and may be taken by sweeping in early April. In
summer it occurs most frequently on the weeds and under-
brush of woodland and the tall grasses about the edges of ponds
and fields. In Florida, where it is much less common than in
the north, it also seeks cover during the winter months, but is
taken by sweeping in November and March. It has been here-
tofore recorded only from Crescent City, Clearwater and Lake-
land in that State. The known range of spinosus is in general
more southern than that of .V. muticus, extending from Quebec
and New England west to Michigan and Kansas and south and
southwest to Florida, Mississippi and Texas. In the central
and southern states it is relatively much more common than is
muticus in the northern ones. From Nebraska westward the
eastern form is replaced by the race or variety wickhami Van
D. (1906,387).

III. Aknisus McAtee, 1919a, 81.

Here belong two small, very slender species having the head
(in our eastern one) armed with a short suberect obtuse spine
between the bases of antennae; beak slightly surpassing middle
coxae; pronotum subcylindrical, elevated behind, disk densely
punctate, the carina very low, front portion with a pair of small
callosities ; elytra almost wholly hyaline, nearly devoid of punc-
tures reaching almost to tip of abdomen ; osteolar process as in
key, its apex without a spine ; prosternum without a sulcus ;
meso- and metasterna with an ill-defined one, its sides obtusely
rounded. One species occurs in our territory, another in Cali-
fornia.

THE STILT-BUGS. 335

271 (420). Aknisus multispinus (Ashmead), 1887, 155.

Pale straw-yellow; fourth joint of antenna?, except apex, and tips of
tibiae and tarsi, blackish. First joint of antennae nearly as long as second
and third united, second about one-fourth shorter than third. Spine of
scutellum nearly erect. Hind femora reaching tip of abdomen, female,
slightly surpassing it, male. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Crawford Co., Ind., Aug. 29, three specimens swept from the
margins of a garden on a high rocky slope at Wyandotte. Dune-
din, Fla., Feb. 15 — 25, three taken by sifting roots of clumps
of grass along a sandy road near bay front, and one, April 10,
while beating along the edge of a dense moist hammock.
Lakehurst, N. J., May 26 (Davis). Described by Ashmead
from Duval Co., Fla., and also by Van Duzee (1909, 163) as
Jalysus perclavatus, a synonym, from Crescent City, Sanford,
Tampa and St. Petersburg. Outside of Florida it has been re-
corded by McAtee (1919a, 82) from Missouri, Kansas and
Texas. The small size, pale color, spine on head, twisted osteo-
lar process, and lack of dark spot at tip of corium, easily dis-
tinguish it from Jalysus spinosus (Say) .

IV. Protacanthus Uhler, 1893, 707.

Head subglobose, strongly convex above ; antennae extremely
slender, first joint almost as long as the others united, second
and third subequal, fourth fusiform, slender, three-fifths as
long as third; beak reaching hind coxae; pronotum with front
margin elevated, produced each side into a straight, sub-erect
spine, disk with hind lobe densely punctate, strongly convex,
sides and median line with low carina?; scutellum with a long
curved spine; elytra wholly hyaline, slightly surpassing tip of
abdomen. Other characters as in key. One species is known.

272 (424). Protacanthus decorus Uhler, 1893, 708.

Elongate, very slender. Straw-yellow; head shining black; fourth
antennal piceous; front margin, carinas and spines of pronotum whitish;
femora sparsely dotted with brown; tibiae annulate with dark brown or
black; tarsi in great part fuscous. Structural characters as above.
Length, 3.5 — 4 mm.

Grenada, West Indies ( I T. S. X. Mus. ) . A neotropical species
described from St. Vincent Island. Known also from Grenada
and Jamaica and taken by Van Duzee (1909, 164) at Estero,
Fla., May 7. Uhler (1894a, 181) states that in Grenada it was
beaten from herbage in late August at altitudes between 200
and 400 feet.

336

FAMILY XI. — LYGJEWJE.

Family XL LYGMIBM Schilling, 1829, 37.

The Chinch-bug Family.

Small or medium sized oblong or narrowly oval Heteroptera,
usually dull in color and having the head subcorneal, convex
above, porrect or feebly declivent, usually inserted in the
thorax to the eyes ; antennae slender, four-jointed, longer than
head, inserted on the sides of the head slightly below the middle
of eyes; ocelli (except in Cnemodus) present; beak 4-jointed;
pronotum either horizontal or declivent in front, often more or
less constricted to form two distinct lobes; scutellum triangu-
lar, of moderate size ; elytra coriaceous, usually covering the

Antenniferous
tubercle

Fig. 69. Ligyrocoris diffusus tUhler) ; dorsal view illustrating Lyga?id structures.
Greatly enlarged. (After Barber in Hemiptera of Connecticut).

THE CHINCH-BUG FAMILY. 337

abdomen, rarely brachypterous ; claval commissure usually
present ; connexivum narrowly or not at all exposed ; membrane
with four or five usually simple veins arising from the base;
front femora often swollen and armed beneath with teeth or
spines; tarsi 3- jointed; claws with arolia; osteolar openings
distinct.

The family is a very large one, about 1,400 species being
known. Of these Van Duzee (1917) recognized 187 from
America north of Mexico, and a score or more have since been
discovered or described. Of these 120 are known or recorded
from the eastern states and included in this work. Both in
this country and our territory the family, therefore, ranks sec-
ond, or next to the Miridse, in number of species. In habits they
are for the most part phytophagous, feeding upon the juices
of many plants and one of them, the "chinch-bug," Blissus leu-
copterus (Say), is the most injurious Heteroptid known. How-
ever, the members of the large subfamily Rhyparochrominae
are thought to be mainly predatory or carnivorous, as their
front legs are more or less raptorial in structure, the femora
being usually swollen and armed beneath with teeth. The prin-
cipal literature treating of our eastern forms is by : Say, 1832 ;
Stal, 1872, 1874; Distant, 1882; Van Duzee, 1909, 1909a,
1910; McAtee, 1914; Barber, 1917, 1918, 1918a, 1918b, 1921,
1921a, 1923.

In his "Synoptic Keys to the Lygseidse of the United States,"
Barber (1917, 1918) , following Stal, has separated the Lygseidse
into eight subfamilies, seven of which are represented in the
eastern states. These are separated by a modification of his
keys, the structural characters used being mostly shown in
figures 69 and 70.

KEY TO EASTERN SUBFAMILIES OF LYG^EID/E.

a. All sutures between the ventral segments of abdomen straight and
reaching the lateral margins on each side; head usually without
setze near the eyes.
b. Front femora, as compared with the others, not much swollen,
rarely armed beneath with teeth or spines; hind margin of pro-
notum, or at least that portion of it in front of scutellum, turned
down convexly; all of the abdominal spiracles located on the dor-
sum or upper surface.
c. Elytra, and often the entire upper surface, impunctate; hind mar-
gin of pronotum between scutellum and lateral angles more
or less impressed or depressed ; membrane with two inner
veins usually united near base by a transverse vein.

Subfamily I. Lycein^e, p. 339.

338

FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^E.

bb.

-Ocellus

Post ocular .space

Elytra and upper surface, except the membrane, more or less dis-
tinctly punctate; hind margin of pronotum between scutellum
and lateral angles not impressed or depressed ; inner veins of
membrane not connected by a cross vein.

Subfamily II. Cymin^e, p. 356.

Front femora, as compared with the others, more or less shortened

and swollen, armed or unarmed; hind margin of pronotum in

front of scutellum not turned down convexly; ventral surface of

abdomen, at least the sixth segment, with spiracles.

d. All the abdominal spiracles
% u. £> not placed ventrally, at

most only the three api-
cal segments with them;
front femora usually
only moderately swollen
and commonly unarmed;
rarely (Ischnodemus)
much swollen and
armed.
. Elytra not convex, almost
if not wholly impunc-
tate; head always nar-
rower than hind mar-
gin of pronotum; tylus
not sulcate; clavus not
narrowing toward
apex, the commissure
distinct, at least half as
long as scutellum.
/ N^i— - — T~| / Subfamily III.

/ \ V \ I Blissin^e, p. 363.

"-. Elytra convex and plainly
punctate; head across
eyes as wide or wider
than hind margin of
pronotum (fig. 80) ;
tylus usually sulcate;
clavus narrowing to-
ward apex, the com-
missure absent or very
short. Subfamily IV.
Geocorin^e, p. 372.
All the abdominal spiracles placed on the ventral surface; front
femora more or less swollen and always armed beneath (fig.
69).
Front femora strongly swollen, armed beneath with numerous
teeth; corium not extending over sides of abdomen, its outer
vein not parallel with costal margin ; hind coxae not widely
separated; bucculae short, confined to front of head.

Subfamily V. Pachygronthin.«, p. 379.

Fig. 70. Ligyrocoris cliff usus (Uhler) ; lat
eral view illustrating Lygaeid structures
Greatly enlarged. (After Barber in Hemip
tera of Connecticut).

dd.

SUBFAMILY I. — LYG^EIN^. 339

ff. Front femora less swollen, armed beneath with a single tooth;
corium expanded, extended over sides of abdomen, its outer
vein subparallel with its margin; hind coxae widely separated;
bucculse extended to base of head.

Subfamily VI. Oxycarenin^e, p. 383.

aa. Suture between the third and fourth ventrals (except in Plinthisus

and Gastrodes) curved forward, not reaching the lateral margins

(fig. 70) ; head usually with two setae near eyes; fore femora

swollen and usually armed with teeth.

Subfamily VII. Rhyparochromin,e, p. 384.

Subfamily I. LYGiEINiE Stal, 1862a, 210.

To this subfamily, as characterized in the key, belong the
largest of our Lygseids as well as some of moderate size. The
impunctate elytra, impressed sides of base of pronotum, slender
and usually unarmed fore femora and connected inner veins of
membrane serve well to distinguish them. In the tribe Orsillini
the females have ventrals 4 — 6 carinate, compressed and ap-
parently divided at middle, their apical halves triangular,
placed obliquely, with apices overlapping and converging to-
wards middle of third ventral, which is convex. The sub-
family is represented in the United States by six genera, five
of which occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SUBFAMILY LYGiElNiE.

a. Apical margin of corium straight, not sinuate inwardly; inner wings
wholly or in great part fuscous or inf uscated ; outer apical angles
of antenniferous tubercles obtuse; male with last dorsal segment
truncate and genital segment not foveate; color usually black
and red. (Tribe Lygseini Stal).

b. Pronotum with base sinuate and disk with a nearly entire median

carina ; scutellum convex, carinate toward apex.

I. Oncopeltus, p. 340.

bb. Pronotum with base truncate and disk without a median carina

or with carina not reaching front margin; scutellum flat but with

a more or less evident longitudinal carina usually joined to a

transverse basal one. II. Lyg^eus, p. 341.

aa. Apical margin of corium sinuate near clavus; inner wings subhya-

line, not inf uscated ; outer apical angles of antenniferous tubercles

acute or subacute; male with last dorsal rounded and genital

foveate; color not black and red. (Tribe Orsillini Stal).

c. Basal segment of antenna? equalling or surpassing tip of tylus;

beak not surpassing first ventral; head of moderate length.
d. Costal margin of elytra straight throughout; eyes prominent, the
exposed area back of them greater than half their width; osteo-
lar duct ending in an external ear-like expansion.

III. Ortholomus, p. 348.

340 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEIDJE.

dd. Costal margin straight only at base if at all; eyes less prominent;
osteolar opening without expansion. IV. Nysius, p. 350.

cc. Basal segment of antenna? not reaching apex of tylus; beak reach-
ing or surpassing third ventral; head very long.

V. Belonochilus, p. 355.

I. Oncopeltus Stal, 1868, 70.

Large or medium sized, elongate-oval, impunctate, black and
red species having the head short, broad, inserted to eyes, the
latter widely separated ; tylus reaching or slightly surpassing
middle of first antennal ; ocelli widely separated ; beak reaching
first ventral ; antennae slender, longer than head and pronotum,
second and fourth joints subequal, third shorter; pronotum
subtrapezoidal, narrowed in front, median carina entire ; scu-
tellum triangular, apex acute, transversely impressed at base ;
elytra covering the abdomen and surpassing its tip ; osteolar
canal narrow, curved, margins thickened, rounded at tip. About
20 species are known, six from the United States, two of which
occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ONCOPELTUS.

a. Head and side margins of pronotum not pilose, the latter thickened,
reflexed, wholly pale; larger, 13 or more mm. 273. fasciatus.
aa. Head and side margins of pronotum pilose, the latter not thickened
or reflexed and black behind middle; smaller, not over 12 mm.

274. SEX-MACULATUS.

273 (432). Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), 1852, 538.

Elongate-oval. Color black and red; cheeks, side margins of pro-
notum, basal and apical thirds of elytra, apex
of scutellum, coxae and abdomen in great part,
bright red, fading to dull reddish-yellow; re-
mainder of body, legs and antenna? shining
black; genital plates, some spots near middle of
third and fourth ventrals, and front angles of
each ventral at sides also black. Pronotum
declivent in front, deeply and narrowly im-
pressed each side at apical third, the median
carina low but evident throughout. Male with
genital plate short, convex scarcely protruding
beyond sixth ventral. Length, 13 — 18 mm.
Fig. 71, X 2. (After Uhler). (Fig. 71).

Occurs throughout Indiana, May 25 — Oct. 9 ; frequent locally
on foliage and pods of the common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca
L., adults in May and June, all stages in September and Octo-
ber; also on foliage of willow and flowers of goldenrod and

SUBFAMILY I. — LYG^INiE. 341

other Compositae in the latter months. Dunedin and Live Oak,
Fla., Jan. 10 — April 8; Orizaba, Mexico, July {IV. S. B.). About
Dunedin it occurs in company with the showy Coreid, Sephina
grayi Van D., and a small gray beetle, Monced'us guttatus Lee, on
a very slender-stemmed climbing milkweed, Metastelma scoparium
Nutt. This plant grows only in dense wet hammocks where it
forms great masses on the shrubby undergrowth. By beat-
ing these masses in March and April one is pretty certain of
getting all three of these insects, they being the only ones com-
monly found on the plant. The known range of 0. fasciatus is
a very wide one, extending from Massachusetts westward over
the greater part of the United States east of the Rocky Moun-
tains and south and southwest to Florida, Texas, California,
Mexico and Brazil. It has been recorded from numerous sta-
tions in Florida and doubtless occurs throughout that State.
The hosts of 0. fasciatus, as well as that of several species of
Lygccus, are different species of milkweed, and it is very doubt-
ful if the young prey upon the plants of any other family.

274 (433). Oncopeltus sex-maculatus Stal, 1874, 102.

Elongate-oval. Black; front half of pronotum with a large sub-
triangular orange-yellow spot each side; elytra each with a large oblong
spot at base and a second oblique one near apex of corium, dull red; pro-
sternum, osteolar canal, spot on hind margin of mesopleura and sides of
first four ventrals orange to dull yellow. Front portion of pronotum
with a large, deep, irregular impression each side, this enclosing a nar-
row, curved, more deeply impressed line. Head sparsely pilose, side
margins of pronotum and corium densely so. Other characters as in
generic description and key. Length, 10 — 12 mm.

Moore Haven, Caxambus, Chokoloskee and Cape Sable, Fla.,
Feb. 23 — April 5. Taken by sweeping along the mucky mar-
gins of lakes and beating in dense hammocks. A Mexican and
Central American species recorded by Barber from Lake Worth
and Miami, Fla. That part of Stal's description : "maculis ob-
soletis duabus oblongis ante medium capitis testaceis ; macula
membranae albida," does not hold good of the Florida speci-
mens, as they have the head and membrane wholly black.

II. Lyg^US Fabricius 1794, 133.

Oblong or oblong-oval bicolored species of medium or small
size having the head and antennae much as in Oncopeltus; beak
reaching to or beyond middle coxae; pronotum subtrapezoidal,
more or less punctate and transversely impressed near middle,

342 FAMILY XL — LYGJEIVJE.

the hind portion usually with an evident median carina ; scu-
tellum triangular, depressed and with a longitudinal median
carina, usually joined to a median or premedian transverse
elevation ; elytra covering abdomen and surpassing its tip, the
corium impunctate, its apical margin straight. Stal (1874, 104)
recognized 53 species, mostly from tropical America. Van
Duzee (1917) catalogued 27 from America north of Mexico. Of
these Barber (1921) in the latest revision of the genus, ac-
cepts 23, nine of which occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LYGiEUS.

a. Pronotum black with a transverse red band across the middle of its
basal lobe; head with red spot or stripe on vertex; larger, 10 — 12
mm. (Subgenus Lygieus Stal).
b. Clavus without a pale inner margin ; ventral surface of abdomen
in great part red with black spots.
c. Membrane entirely black without pale margins or white spots;
head with a Y-shaped red spot, the prongs of the Y extending
downward between base of antennae and eye. 275. turcicus.

cc. Membrane with pale margins, with or without white spots on
disk; clavus wholly black; red spot on head not Y-shaped.

276. KALMII.
bh. Clavus with a pale inner margin; ventral surface wholly black.

277. FORMOSUS.

cut. Pronotum without a median transverse red band on basal lobe;
smaller, not over 10 mm.
d. Osteolar duct pale; head with red or pale markings (often very
small). (Subgenus Ochrostomus Stal).
e. Front lobe of pronotum wholly black or with black discal marks ;
head with only a small pale spot on vertex.
/. Membrane and corium margined with pale; pronotum with front
margin pale, the disk with a T-shaped fuscous stripe each side.

278. LINEOLUS.

ff. Membrane and corium without pale margins, the latter with only
the apical angles red; pronotum with front margin dark; disk
without T-shaped fuscous marks. 279. tripligatus.

ee. Front lobe of pronotum red, its front margin yellow; head reddish-
yellow between eyes and tylus ; margins of corium and apical ca-
rina of scutellum pale; hind lobe of pronotum with two large sub-
quadrate dark spots. 280. mimulus.
dd. Osteolar duct black; head wholly black.
g. Upper surface not pubescent; membrane without a whitish discal
spot; length more than 7 mm. (Subgenus Melanocnryphus Stal).
h. Hind lobe of pronotum and entire corium, except hind margin, dull
red; front margin of pronotum, clavus and hind margin of
corium, pale yellow. 281. bicrucis.
hh. Hind lobe of pronotum black, the carina and side margins yellow
or reddish-yellow; costal margin of elytra and apical carina of
scutellum dull vellow. 282. facetus.

SUBFAMILY I. — LYG^IN^.

343

gg. Upper surface with short prostrate grayish pubescence; membrane
with a whitish discal spot; length, less than 5 mm. (Subgenus
Lygasospilus Barber). 283. tripunctatus.

275 (434). Lyceus turcicus Fabricius, 1803, 218.

Elongate-oblong. Black and red, almost impunctate; head with red
as in key; pronotum with front lobe wholly black, hind one with a broad
red band across middle, this widest on margins and at middle; corium
red with an irregular black spot, reaching costal margin behind middle;
clavus with basal half or more, except inner margin, red; scutellum and
membrane wholly black; sterna, antennae and legs black; abdomen red
with two rows of black spots along middle and another at margin each
side; sixth ventral and genital plates black. Beak reaching hind coxae.
Pronotum with side margins rounded, feebly converging from base to
apex; disk almost flat, punctate across middle and near front margin;
basal lobe with median carina subobsolete. Scutellum with transverse
elevation in front of middle, this joined to an obtuse median carina.
Length, 10 — 11.5 mm.

Putnam and Crawford counties, Ind., scarce; May 12 — July
11. Taken while crawling along pathways on the slopes of
wooded hills, beneath bark of poplar logs and on flowers of the
staghorn sumac, Rhus hirta L. It probably occurs throughout
Indiana, but is much less common than kalmii. The two eastern
species, turcicus and kalmii, have been so
confused in the past that it is difficult to
give the range of either. The types of
turcicus were from New York and it is
known definitely from that State and
Massachusetts, west to Missouri and
Colorado, but is not recorded south of
Washington, D. C, where Banks found
it on Jersey-tea (Ceanothus). The record
of its life history by Townsend (1887)
as well as several of the other citations
by Van Duzee (1917, 151), probably re-
fer to kalmii.

276 (437). Lyceus kalmii Stal, 1874, 107.

Elongate-oblong. Color very similar to
that of turcicus, the red spot on head oblong
and confined to middle of vertex; clavus wholly
black; membrane with a narrow white margin
and often with two small spots on middle, a
larger one on base and a short spur on side
slightly in front of apex of corium, white ; upper surface except mem-
brane quite evenly but not densely covered with a very short grayish

Fig. 72, X 5. (After Drake
Tech. Publ. No. 16, N. Y. St
Coll. For.).

344 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^.

pubescence, this scarcely evident in turcicus. Other characters as in that
species. Length, 10 — 12 mm. (Fig. 72).

Common throughout Indiana and to be found throughout the
year. Hibernates both as nymph and imago beneath logs,
mullein leaves and other cover in the vicinity of its most com-
mon food plant, Asclepias syriaca L. When it emerges from its
hibernaculum it has often been noted running rapidly along
pathways, especially those in sandy regions, and on several
occasions I have taken it crawling across sidewalks near the
center of Indianapolis. From late July to mid-October it may
be found in all stages on the pods of milkweed, usually A. syri-
aca, but also on those of A. tuberosa and verticillata L. The dis-
tribution of A. leal in ii is a wide one, extending from Nova Scotia
and New England west across the Continent to the Pacific and
south and southwest to Georgia, Texas and Mexico. A speci-
men in the Ashmead collection is labelled "Florida," but Bar-
ber (1914, 509) seems to doubt the correctness of the label.

Parshley (1919, 14; 1923a, 81) has separated the form oc-
curring east of a north and south line running near the 97th
meridian between Canada and Texas, giving to it the subspe-
cific name angustomarginatus. He characterizes this eastern race
as having the "membrane usually without discal spots, rarely
with small ones ; white margin extremely narrow or rarely ab-
sent (fig. 72) ; red band between corium and membrane almost
or quite as wide as that between corium and clavus." Of the
19 Indiana specimens before me, two have the membrane de-
void of spots, in eight it has distinct spots at middle, base and
side as above described, while nine have the spots at side and
base only. The white margin of membrane is very evident in
all. He states that the two subspecies merge just east of the
line stated, but according to these Indiana specimens inter-
mediates occur in this State. One of the Indiana specimens,
with four rather large white spots on membrane, was once
identified for me by Uhler as L. reclivatus Say,4" while those with
small spots or none he called L. turcicus Fab. Van Duzee (1923a)
points out the distinctions between kahnii and its nearest allies,
and regards Parshley 's name as a synonym of kahnii.

277 (439). Lyg^eus formosus Blanchard, 1840, 130.

Elongate-oval. Black; a small triangular spot on vertex, hind por-
tion of basal lobe of pronotum (except two large quadrate spots) and

'"See Psyche. 1S!C

SUBFAMILY I. — LYG^IN^. 345

the costal and inner margins of corium dull red or reddish-yellow; hind
margin of corium narrowly black, bordered within by red; clavus with
a broad pale yellow inner margin, this extending to apex of commissure;
membrane pale hyaline; legs, antennae and under surface black, sterna
very narrowly margined with yellow. Hind lobe of pronotum with side
margins thickened, the median carina of disk fine but distinct, separating
the usual black basal bar into two oblong spots. Other characters as in
turcicus. Length, 10 — 10.5 mm.

Cape Sable and Miami, Fla., Feb. 23— March 11 (W.S.B.).
One specimen taken at each place by sweeping along the
borders of hammocks. A Mexican species first recorded from
this country by Barber from specimens taken at Biscayne Bay
and Miami, Fla., by Mrs. Slosson and W. T. Davis. Known in
this country only from that State. As mentioned by Stal
(1874,108) the pale spot on vertex is very small, often sub-
obsolete ; the black spots near base of pronotum are slightly in
front of the base, the latter being dull reddish-yellow, and he
states that they are at times more or less confluent.

278 (446). Lyceus lineolus Dallas, 1852, 549.

Elongate-oblong. Fuscous or dull black, finely pubescent; a minute
spot on vertex, pronotum, except two T-shaped stripes, apical carina of
scutellum and margins of corium and commissure, dull yellow or tinged
with reddish; membrane fuscous, narrowly edged with white; prosternum
reddish-yellow with a quadrate central black spot; buccula? and coxa? dull
yellow. Beak reaching behind coxa?. Pronotum wider at base than long,
front lobe with an irregular very narrow impressed line each side and
a row of small punctures near front margin; hind one with carina
scarcely evident. Other characters as in key and generic description.
Length, 4.3 — 6 mm.

Sanford, Moore Haven, R. P. Park, Ft. Myers, Sarasota and
Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 8 — April 10. Common about Dunedin, both
on mainland and islands, hibernating in bunches of Spanish
moss, in crevices of dead leaves of cabbage palmetto and be-
neath rubbish ; in spring occurring on foliage of various shrubs
and herbs, especially on flowers of thistle and on grasses in
open pine woods. Recorded from numerous stations in Florida.
Ranges from Virginia south and southwest to Texas and New
Mexico. The upper surface is thickly clothed with a very short
pubescence which causes it to appear subopaque. The spot on
head is often subobsolete and the T-shaped stripes of pronotum
are sometimes so widened as to almost cover the front lobe.

279 (447). LyGjEUS tripligatus Barber, 1914, 510.

Elongate-oblong. Fuscous or dull brown, minutely pubescent; a very
small spot on vertex, three large ones on basal lobe of pronotum and tip

346 FAMILY XI. — LYG^EID^E.

of corium reddish-yellow; apical carina and tip of scutellum, apical half
of fourth antennal, buccula?, coxa?, base of femora and prosternum in
part, dull yellow. Beak reaching hind coxae; third joint of antenna? but
little shorter than second. Pronotum slightly broader than long, almost
impunctate, a transverse elevation at apical third with three ill-defined
impressions just behind it; median carina very short. Scutellum with the
transverse ridge and apical carina quite prominent. Other characters as
in generic description. Length, 6 — 7 mm.

Cape Sable, R. P. Park, and Chokoloskee, Fla., Feb. 20— April
7 (IV. S. B.) . Taken by beating within or along the borders of
dense hammocks ; frequent at R. P. Park in April in clumps of
dead air plants. Recorded by Barber from Lake Worth and
Punta Gorda, Fla., and known only from the southern third of
that State. The median pale spot of pronotum is triangular, its
apex forward, and the costal edge of corium is slightly paler
than disk.

280 (458). Lyceus mimulus Stal, 1874, 113.

Elongate-oblong. Dull brown, thickly clothed with a very short
grayish-yellow pubescence; front of head between eyes and antenna?,
front lobe of pronotum, except front margin, red; front margin of pro-
notum, margins and middle of its hind lobe, all margins of corium and
carina of scutellum, pale yellow; prosternum yellow with reddish spot on
each side; under side of head, coxa?, base of femora, knees, hind margin
of ventrals and margin of abdomen, yellow. Beak reaching onto meta-
sternum. Third and fourth joints of antenna? subequal, second longer.
Pronotum as in tripligdta, the discal impressions less evident. Genital
lobe of male broader than long, convex. Length, 5.5 — 6.5 mm.

Sanford, Ft. Myers, R. P. Park, Sanibel Island and Dunedin,
Fla., Nov. 19— April 7. (11' . S. B.). Aberdeen, N. Car., May 25
(Brimley). Frequent about Dunedin in early spring on plants
growing about the margins of ponds and lakes. At Ft. Myers
several examples were taken while sifting debris from the bed
of a dry wet-weather pond, while at R. P. Park all stages were
abundant in April on heads and stems of thistles along swales,
so that it is evidently partial to moist localities. Recorded
from numerous places in the State. Ranges from Virginia to
Florida and Texas in the coastwise states. As the osteolar duct
is pale and the head in great part reddish-yellow, I have trans-
ferred this species to the subgenus Ochrostomus, it having more
affinities in size and color with lineola and tripligata than with the
larger species with which it was placed by Stal and Barber.

SUBFAMILY I. — LYG^IN^. 347

281 (452). Lyg^eus bicrucis Say, 1825, 322; II, 246.

Elongate-oval. Head, disk of front lobe of pronotum, scutellum,
disk of membrane, antenna?, legs, genital segments and spots on all the
pleura, black or fuscous; hind lobe of pronotum, disk of corium and ven-
tral surface of abdomen dull red; front margin of pronotum, clavus ex-
cept margins, hind margin of corium, very narrow edge of membrane,
bucculae and pleura in great part, pale yellow; elytra rather thickly
covered with small pale oval whitish scales. Third and fourth joints of
antenna? subequal, second one-third longer. Beak passing middle coxae.
Pronotum with front margin and side margins of hind lobe visibly re,
flexed; disk sparsely, finely and rather evenly punctate, median carina
low, its apex on front lobe spear-shaped. Scutellum with transverse
ridge and apical carina prominent. Length, 7.5 — 9 mm.

Lake, Marion, Martin, Dubois, Crawford, Perry and Posey
counties, Ind., May 9 — July 1. Borden Springs, Ala., Aug. 15.
Ormond and Dunedin, Fla., March 17 — April 7 (W. S. B.). Ag-
ricultural College, Miss. (Weed). In Indiana it occurs on herb-
age, usually in low moist places. About Ormond, Fla., it was
common the last of March on flowers of Senecio and other plants.
At Dunedin it is scarce in spring on flowers of a dwarf papaw
and low huckleberry. Charlotte Harbor and Atlantic Beach
are the only other recorded stations from Florida. The general
range of bicrucis is southern, extending from New York west
to northern Illinois, Kansas and Colorado, and south and south-
west to Texas, California, Mexico, Venezuela and Brazil. In
Illinois Hart found it common in August on the flowers of the
pale Indian Plantain, Mesadenia atriplicifolia L. In both that
State and Indiana it is more common in sandy localities than
elsewhere.

282 (453). Lyg^eus facetus Say, 1832, 13; I, 328.

Oblong-oval. Dull black, glabrous ; all the margins and median ca-
rina of pronotum, apical carina of scutellum, costal margin of corium,
front margin of prosternum and usually the bucculse, coxa? and margins
of abdomen, dull yellow or reddish-yellow; membrane with a very narrow
pale margin. First, third and fourth joints of antennae subequal in
length, second longer. Beak reaching metasternum. Pronotum much
narrowed in front, disk punctate across the median impression and be-
hind front margin; hind lobe with side margins much thickened, their
edges rounded. Scutellum with basal transverse ridge and median ca-
rina prominent. Elytra of female scarcely passing tip of abdomen, dis-
tinctly longer, male. Length, 8 — 10 mm.

Kissimmee, Moore Haven, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla.,
scarce, Jan. 12 — June 5. Only a half dozen specimens have been
taken during 10 years collecting. They were found beneath

348 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^.

logs or were beaten from bunches of Spanish moss ; the June
individual at porch light. Say's types were from Florida and
Barber records it from five stations in the southern half of the
State. Ranges from New Jersey southwestward in the coast-
wise states to Texas, the western records given by Van Duzee
applying to /.. lateralis Dall. The description of L. rubriger
Stal (1862, 309) from "Carolina" agrees in most respects with
facetus and is doubtfully placed as a synonym by Barber.

283 (460%). Lyg^eus tripunctatus (Dallas), 1852, 559.

Oblong-oval. Dark brown or fuscous, thickly clothed with short,
subprostrate grayish hairs, the margins of pronotum and abdomen with
longer erect ones. Pronotum with front margin and a small spot on hind
angles and middle of base brownish-yellow; costal margin of corium
tinged with reddish-brown; membrane fuscous with a vague median spot,
and more distinct ones near tip of corium, whitish; antenna? and tibia?
reddish-brown, the femora darker; prosternum and tarsi in part dull
yellow, side margins of ventral segments sometimes red or pale. Pro-
notum punctate at middle and behind front mai-gin. Scutellum with
transverse ridge rather low. Length, 3.5 — 4.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 6. Taken from beneath a chunk on the
site of an extinct wet-weather pond. Yaphank, Long Island,
July 4 (Davis). Described from St. John's Bluff, Fla., and re-
corded (as L. al 'bid us Dist.) by Barber from Crescent City and
Newberry. Ranges from New England and New York to
Florida, Texas, and New Mexico, and usually recorded as L. al-
bitlus Dist., the latter itself being, according to Barber (1921,
68), a synonym of L, pusio Stal.

III. Ortholomus Stal, 1872b, 43.

Small, oblong or oblong-oval pubescent species having the
head slightly longer than broad across the prominent eyes;
antennae slender, as long as head and pronotum united, basal
joint reaching tip of tylus, third and fourth joints subequal,
the latter stouter, fusiform, second slightly longer than either ;
pronotum coarsely punctate, hind lobe elevated, convex, longer
and wider than front one ; scutellum an equilateral triangle,
apex obtuse, disk punctate, the carina distinct ; elytra impunc-
tate, reaching or slightly surpassing tip of abdomen ; connexi-
vum narrowly exposed. Female with ventrals 4 — 6 as described
under subfamily heading. Four species are known from the
United States, two of which occur in our territory.

SUBFAMILY I. — LYG^IN^.

349

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ORTHOLOMUS.

«. Head and pronotum a nearly uniform brown; median carina of scu-
tellum wide, obtuse, prominent throughout; beak reaching onto
second ventral ; length, 5 — 6 mm. 284. scolopax.

aa. Head and pronotum dull yellow maculate with brown; median carina
of scutellum narrow, much less prominent; beak reaching between
hind coxae; smaller, length, 4 — 5 mm. 285. jamaicensis.

284 (462). Ortholomus scolopax (Say), 1832, 15; I, 330.

Elongate-oblong. Above dull grayish-brown, thinly clothed with
short grayish pubescence; front edge, narrow transverse impression and
apical angles of pronotum and basal half of
each connexival, blackish; apex of corium red-
dish; membrane whitish-hyaline, both it and
corium with vague fuscous markings ; median
carina of scutellum and apical angles of each
connexival dull yellow; beneath dull reddish-
brown, thickly clothed with prostrate grayish
pubescence; sides of abdomen, pleura and
femora with fuscous spots ; coxa?, trochanters
and middle of tibia? dull yellow; antenna? red-
^V dish-brown, the first and fourth joints in part
darker. Structural characters as under generic
heading. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Frequent in the southern half of Indi-
ana ; Lake County only in the north ;
June 30 — Oct. 6. Taken by sweeping
Pig. 73, x 7. (Original), weeds, flowers of goldenrod and other
Compositse growing on dry upland soil.
Sherborn, Mass., Sept. 20 (Frost). Baker's 0. uhleri, described
from N. W. Wisconsin (1906, 139), is separated by him only
by having the "transverse line of pronotum reduced to a shin-
ing black fovea midway on either side of pronotum ; length of
head equal to width across eyes." These characters appear in
numerous females of scolopax from Indiana and I regard his
name as only a synonym.

Stal (1874, 122) evidently did not know Say's species, as he
placed it doubtfully without remarks in Belonochilus. Barber
(Ms.) states that in his opinion Stal's Nysius (Ortholomus) longi-
ceps is a synonym of Say's scolopax. Stal's types of lougiccps were
from several of our northern states, and the description is brief
and mainly a comparison with his N. spurcus from Taiti Island.
There is nothing in the description to preclude its being Say's
species, and as but the one form is known from the north I have
adopted Barber's conclusions and combined the two. The known

350 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^E.

range of scolopax (including the records of longiceps) extends
from Quebec and New England west to Wisconsin and Kansas
and south and southwest to Florida, Texas and California. The
only Florida record is that of Barber from Biscayne Bay. Uhler
(1876, 305) states that he found it common in August on dry
grasses and sedges near Portland, Me., and in stubble fields
in Maryland. The pronotum is sometimes in great part fus-
cous, while the pale median carina of scutellum is wider and
much more prominent than in the next. The beak extends only
slightly back of hind coxae, not to middle of venter, as stated
by Say.
285 ( — ). Ortholomus jamaicensis (Dallas), 1852, 555.

Narrowly elongate-oblong. Above dull yellow with brown or fus-
cous markings; head with a curved blackish spot surrounding each ocel-
lus, the two separated by a narrow yellowish line; pronotum with numer-
ous brownish punctures, the narrow transverse impression and knobs
of hind angles blackish; scutellum blackish at base; corium hyaline with
small oblong fuscous marks on veins and costal margin, the apex reddish;
membrane whitish with brown blotches; antennae pale brown, the fourth
joint darker; under surface and femora dull yellow mottled with brown;
middle of meso- and metasterna black, shining, impunctate; tibiae and
tarsi dull yellow. Structural characters as above. Length, 4 — 5 mm.

Key West, Fla., March 1. Several specimens taken by sweep-
ing herbage between the tide-water lagoons. A West Indian
species not before recorded from the United States. Barber
states (Ms.) that he regards the providus of Uhler (1894a, 182)
as a synonym. Although Van Duzee (1907, 16) had expressed
the same opinion, he later (1917, 157) makes both providus and
jamaicensis synonyms of longiceps Stal.

IV. Nysius Dallas, 1852, 551.

Small oblong finely pubescent species, having the head
slightly shorter than wide across the eyes ; antennae as in Ortho-
lomus, the fourth joint less robust; beak reaching hind coxae;
pronotum trapezoidal, punctate, moderately declivent, front
lobe less than one-half the length of hind one, the latter less
convex than in Ortholomus; scutellum as there, the transverse
ridge less prominent ; elytra covering the abdomen and passing
its tip ; connexivum not exposed ; costal margin of corium
straight on basal fourth, then usually visibly expanded and
slightly curved to apex ; margins of osteolar duct not expanded
at tip. Female ventrals as in Ortholomus. This genus is very
close to Ortholomus, the A', calif 'or ulcus Stal serving as a connect-

SUBFAMILY I. — LYG^EIN^. 351

ing link between the two, as in it the costal margin of corium,
except at extreme base, is almost as straight as in 0. scolopax.
The head, however, is shorter and apex of osteolar duct not
auriculate. Seven species of Nysius are recognized by Van
Duzee from North America, six of which are known from our
territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF NYSIUS.

a. Bucculae abbreviated, distinctly narrowed and evanescent behind,
scarcely reaching back of middle of eyes, the first joint of beak
extending much beyond them ; costal margins of corium straight
at base for a distance less than half the length of scutellum, then
suddenly narrowly expanded and straight and parallel to apex.
b. First joint of antennae distinctly surpassing tip of tylus; pronotum
without a raised calloused space each side of middle.

286. CALIFORNICUS.

bb. First antennal scarcely reaching tip of tylus; pronotum with a
short elevated calloused line each side of middle. 287. BASALIS.
aa. Bucculae almost or quite reaching base of head, low but distinct
throughout, first joint of beak not or but slightly extending behind
them ; costal margins of corium straight along the basal fourth or
third, thence gradually expanded and visibly curved to apex.
c. Basal joint of beak not extending behind the bucculas; disks of
corium and clavus but little infuscate.
d. Basal joint of antenna? distinctly surpassing tip of tylus; eyes
very prominent, width of head across them equal to that of
hind margin of pronotum ; color pale gray, pronotum with only
the transverse impression of front lobe fuscous. 288. thymi.
dd. Basal joint of antennae scarcely passing tip of tylus ; eyes less
prominent, width across them less than that of hind margin of
pronotum.
e. Color above dark gray, the pronotum and scutellum with numer-
ous fuscous blotches; nervures and hind margin of corium
in part fuscous ; form rather robust. 289. eric^e.

ee. Color above pale dull yellow with two vague fuscous stripes on
head and four on pronotum; corium without spots, except a
minute one at extreme tip ; form slender, subparallel.

290. STRIGOSUS.
cc. Basal joint of beak extending slightly behind the bucculae; disks
of corium and clavus clouded with fuscous.

291. GRCENLANDICA.

286. (466). Nysius californicus Stal, 1859a, 242.

Elongate-oblong. Grayish-yellow, clothed with a minute glistening
silvery-gray pubescence; head with a large fuscous spot surrounding each
ocellus ; pronotum often in great part fuscous, sometimes with only a
narrow curved very irregular line across transverse impression and hind
angles with a small spot, blackish; scutellum with base and punctures on

352 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^.

apical half usually blackish, apex of median carina pale; corium with
small fuscous spots along- the veins, the apical margin fuscous at middle
and tip; membrane whitish-hyaline, usually with a few vague fuscous
spots; antenna? with joints 2 and 3 pale brown, 1 and 4 in part or wholly
fuscous; under surface and femora with numerous fuscous markings, the
buccuke, basal joint of beak, front margin of pronotum, sides of coxal
cavities, osteola and basal parts of tibia? and tarsi dull yellow. Pronotum
with sides sinuate near middle, disk uneven, thickly punctate. Scutellum
with transverse ridge ill defined, angulate, apical carina low, narrow.
Other structural characters as in key and generic description. Length,
4.7 — 5.6 mm.

Lakeland, Moore Haven, Miami, R. P. Park, Ft. Myers and
Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 19— April 2 (W!S. B.). Agricultural Col-
lege, Miss. {Weed). Very common about Dunedin and Moore
Haven, and, according to the records, throughout Florida. Hi-
bernates in bunches of Spanish moss, beneath loose bark of
pine and under chunks along borders of ponds and lakes. Taken
in numbers in March and April by sweeping foliage of Compo-
sitse and other plants growing in mucky soil. Ranges from Con-
necticut and Maryland south and southwest to Texas and Mex-
ico, and on the Pacific coast from Washington southward. Our
eastern form was separated by Baker (1906, 135) as var. ala-
bamensis. Larger and more parallel than our other species, from
all of which except basalis it is easily separated by the form and
length of bucculae.

287 (467). Nysius basalis Dallas, 1852, 553.

Oblong-oval. Dull yellow, mottled with fuscous, rather thickly
clothed with fine grayish-yellow prostrate pubescence; head except me-
dian line, front lobe of pronotum and base of scutellum, in great part,
usually blackish, some vague blotches on corium and its apical margin
in part fuscous ; membrane clear hyaline, sometimes with fuscous lines
or spots; connexivals fuscous, their incisures paler; basal joint of an-
tenna?, in part, and apical joint usually wholly, brown to fuscous-black;
under surface dull yellow, the sides of sterna black; abdomen with a line
each side of middle and some spots near side margins black; femora
dotted with brown or blackish; base of tibia? and tarsi more or less fus-
cous. Third and fourth joints of antenna? subequal, the second longer than
either. Pronotum trapezoidal, sides straight, evenly converging from
base to apex; disk finely, unevenly, rather sparsely punctate. Scutellum
with transverse ridge and apical carina often subobsolete. Connexivum
narrowly exposed, female, wholly concealed, male. Membrane long, rather
narrow, distinctly surpassing abdomen. Genital plate of male with a
small round fovea. Length, 3.5 — 4.5 mm.

South Jacksonville, Fla., Sept. 7 (Davis). Guadalajara,
Mexico, September; La Romano, San Domingo, July (Barber).

SUBFAMILY I. — LYG^EIN^E.

353

A neotropical species described from Jamaica and Brazil by Dal-
las and again by Uhler (1894, 183) from Grenada, Florida and
Cuba as N. inoequalis, a synonym. The Jacksonville specimen, the
only one with definite Florida station, is much paler than those
from Mexico and San Domingo, with median carina of scu-
tellum more distinct.

288 (468). Nysius thymi (Wolff), 1804, 149.

Oblong-oval. Pale grayish-yellow, silvery-pubescent; head with
scattered punctures and a vague spot each side of vertex, fuscous ; front
margin and a narrow line across transverse impression of pronotum, me-
dian carina of scutellum, some small scattered spots on veins of corium
and its hind margin in part, fuscous or blackish ; under surface with
pleura and first two ventrals in great part fuscous ; femora and sides of
abdomen with dark spots; antennas pale brown, the first and fourth joints
slightly darker. Apical two-thirds of costal margin rather strongly
widened and reflexed. Other characters as in key. Length, 3.8 — 4.7 mm.
Indian Lake, Sabael, N. Y., Aug. 13 — 17 (Barber). An intro-
duced European species of northern distribution, its known

range in this country extending
from Quebec and New England
west and north to Vernon, B. C,
and Alaska. It was formerly
much confused with N. cricx and
some of its more southern rec-
ords belong to that species.

289 (470). Nysius eric^e
ling), 1829, 86.

(Schil-

Fig. 74

(After Forbes)

Oblong. Dark gray or fuscous,
thinly, minutely pubescent; head, pro-
notum and scutellum with the punc-
tures usually in great part fuscous,
those on pronotum often forming nar-
row dark stripes; veins and hind mar-
gins of corium often in great part
dark; membrane whitish-hyaline
sometimes vaguely clouded with fuscous; under surface mostly blackish;
buccula?, front margin of pronotum, sides of coxal cavities, osteolar
duct, tibias and middle of female abdomen, dull yellow; femora thickly
dotted with brown. Bucculae low, gradually evanescent behind ; not reach-
ing base of head. Expansion of costal margin of corium more narrow
than in thymi. Length, 3.2 — 4 mm. (Fig. 74).

Abundant everywhere in southern Indiana, less so in the
northern counties, occurring throughout the year. Hibernates
beneath boards, piles of weeds and other rubbish in or along the

354 FAMILY XI. — LYG>EID>£.

margins of cultivated fields. In spring and summer taken by
sweeping weeds and grasses in meadows and waste places, all
stages having been found in Marion County as early as May 5.
In Florida it is very scarce, but has been taken by me at Dun-
edin, Sanford and Caxambus and is recorded by Barber from
Miami. Ranges from Ontario and New England west to Da-
kota, Colorado and British Columbia, and south and west to
Florida, Texas and California. The majority of the U. S.
records have been made under the name of A . angustatus Uhler
(1872, 406), a synonym. It often occurs in numbers sufficient
to cause much damage to field and garden crops. Riley (1873,
113) described it as N. destructor and gave it the common name
"false chinch-bug" by which it is usually known in the central
west. He recorded it as injurious to potatoes, turnips, beets,
radishes and cabbages ; also to strawberry and grape vines. In
some specimens the black of head and pronotum so predomi-
nates that the paler parts are scarcely visible, while in others,
especially the females, the hind lobe of pronotum is almost
wholly pale. Stal does not list the species in his Enumeratio
but mentions it under N. grcenlandicus. Milliken & Wadley
(1922) state that in Kansas N. erica- is extensively preyed upon
by a closely allied Lygseid, Gcocoris pattens decoratus Uhl. Parsh-
ley (1919, 15) records the appearance of criccc near Vernon, B.
C, in "great numbers, swarming over the trails and entering
houses. For a few days the walls of the houses, inside and
out, were covered with the insects, and complaints were made
that they bit children — altogether a most unusual occurrence."

290 (472). Nysius strigosus Uhler, 1894, 238.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Color above a nearly uniform pale
brownish-yellow; two short stripes on occiput, four vague ones on pro-
notum, extreme base of scutellum and a small spot on tip of corium, fus-
cous ; under surface dull yellow, the middle of all the sterna and the first
two ventrals blackish; antenna? reddish-brown, the second joint darker;
legs dull yellow, the femora with purplish-brown dots. Bucculae and beak
as in ericx. Head and pronotum closely and evenly punctate. Clavus
and corium finely, thickly and shallowly punctate. Expansion of costal
margin of corium rather strongly recurved, translucent. Length, 3 —
3.5 mm.

Miami, Fla., March 12 ; one specimen beaten from vegetation
on the grounds of the U. S. Entomological Station. A species of
western distribution, originally described from California. This
is the first record from east of the Mississippi, but Barber
(Ms.) says that he has seen it from Florida.

SUBFAMILY I. — LYG^EIN^. 355

291 (469). Nysius grcenlandicus (Zetterstedt) , 1838a, 262.

Form and size of ericse to which it is very closely allied. Differs in
having the general color darker, the clavus and corium in great part
brown or fuscous, the apical margin of corium wholly so. Head longer
and more pointed. Pronotum wider and less narrowed in front, its punc-
tures fewer, much coarser, more unevenly placed. Length, 3.2 — 3.5 mm.

Nain, Labrador (Barber). "Greenland, Labrador, Hudson's
Bay Terr., Alaska." (Van D., 1917).

V. Belonochilus Uhler, 1871, 104.

Head very long, subequal in length to pronotum ; tylus dis-
tinctly surpassing first antennal ; eyes not in contact with front
margin of pronotum ; joints 3 — 4 of antennae subequal in length,
second slightly longer, fourth stouter, fusiform ; beak reach-
ing or surpassing fifth ventral ; costal margin of corium
straight, parallel ; connexivum narrowly exposed ; osteolar duct
not auriculate at apex. Female with ventrals 3 — 6 as in other
Orsillini. Two species are known, both occurring in the eastern
states.

KEY TO SPECIES OF BELONOCHILUS.

a. Front femora armed beneath at apical fourth with a small spine;

pronotum with only a trace of a pale median line; male genital

with a small tubercle. 292. numenius.

act. Front femora unarmed beneath; pronotum with entire pale median

line; male genital foveate. 293. koreshanus.

292 (473). Belonochilus numenius (Say), 1832, 15; I, 331.

Elongate-oblong. Dull yellow; median line of head, smooth areas on
hind lobe of pronotum, median carina of scutellum, costal margin of
corium, coxa?, tibia? and abdomen, in great part, pale yellow; apex of
corium and middle of margin of each connexival, reddish; membrane
with a vague reddish stripe at middle; femora dotted with brown; knobs
over basal angles of pronotum, last joint of beak and sometimes a stripe
on head and spot on middle of abdomen, blackish. Pronotum punctate,
the transverse impression deep; front lobe half the length of hind one,
the latter higher, convex. Scutellum with transverse keel narrow, angu-
late. Beak somewhat variable in length, often reaching genital plate.
Length, 5.3 — 6 mm.

Marion, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., scarce ; April 23 —
Oct. 12. The April specimen was taken beneath a fungus-cov-
ered log, so that it probably hibernates as adult ; the others by
sweeping shrubs along streams. Ranges from Massachusetts
and New York west to Arizona and California. Not taken in
the east south of Maryland. Van Duzee took it near Buffalo, N.

356 FAMILY XL — LYGJEIDJE.

Y., in August on goldenrod, and Heidemann near Washington,
D. C, on the ripened fruit-heads of the sycamore.

293 (474). Belonochilus koreshanus Van Duzee, 1909, 165.

Elongate, slender. Grayish-brown; head, pronotum, scutellum and
under surface often reddish-brown or in part fuscous; fourth joint of
antenna? dark brown, the others paler; bucculas, median line of pronotum
and apical half of median carina of scutellum, pale yellow; membrane
whitish-hyaline often with vague dark brownish blotches and usually
with a reddish one each side of base; tibiae dull yellow, the base and apex
darker. Tylus longer and more slender than in numenius. Ocelli much
closer together, separated by slightly more than twice their diameters, in
numenius, much closer to eyes and separated by four times their diam-
eters. Median carina of scutellum narrower, less prominent. Other dif-
ferences as in key. Length, 4.8 — 5 mm.

Sanford, Caxambus, R. P. Park, and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 18 —
April 8. Taken in small numbers by beating water oak and
dead vines and sweeping vegetation near water. The types of
Van Duzee were from Ft. Myers and Estero, Fla., and at the
latter place he "found them abundant on a low branching hir-
sute, labiate plant ; locally called 'pennyroyal.' The flowers of
this plant form compact heads something like those of the
crimson clover, and among the bracts of these the insect oc-
curred by hundreds in all stages of growth." Barber records
koreshanus from five Florida localities other than those men-
tioned. So far as known it occurs only in the southern half of
that State.

Subfamily II. CYMIN^E Stal, 1862a, 211.

Small oval or elongate species differing from the Lygmncs
mainly in having the hind margin of pronotum each side of
base of scutellum not depressed or impressed ; corium with dis-
tinct punctures ; membrane without a cross-vein near base. The
front femora are not swollen or armed beneath ; and none of the
spiracles are visible on the ventral surface. The females re-
semble those of the tribe Orsillini in having the last three or
four ventral segments compressed, overlapping and inclined
forward. The subfamily comprises four North American
genera, three of which are represented in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF CY.MI.WE.

a. Corium in great part hyaline, with only a few punctures along its
middle; fourth antennal subequal to or slightly longer than third;
head without a curved longitudinal sulcus before each ocellus; scu-
tellum equilateral (Tribe Ischnorrhynchini Stal).

SUBFAMILY II. — CYMIN^E.

357

b. Head but slightly declivent in front; eyes almost in contact with
front margin of pronotum; width of head across eyes only about
half that of hind margin of pronotum; form rather broadly oval.

I. ISCHNORRHYNCHUS, p. 357.

bb. Head strongly deflexed in front; eyes well separated from front
margin of pronotum; width of head across eyes about that of
hind margin of pronotum ; form narrowly elongate.

II. Cymoninus, p. 359.

oo. Corium not hyaline, densely punctate throughout; fourth antennal

shorter than third ; head with a narrow curved longitudinal sulcus

before each ocellus; scutellum wider at base than long (Tribe

Cymini Stal) . III. Cymus, p. 359.

I. Ischnorrhynchus Fieber, 1861, 51, 199.

Small oval species having the head subcorneal, slightly wider
across the eyes than long; antenniferous tubercles short, ob-
tuse; antennae longer than head and pronotum, joints 2 and 3
slender, 4 stouter, fusiform, slightly longer than third ; bucculae
short, scarcely reaching front margin of eyes; beak reaching
second ventral ; pronotum bell-shaped, constricted near apex ;
clavus with sides parallel, its commissure shorter than scu-
tellum ; elytra covering the abdomen, much surpassing its tip ;
margins of osteolar duct slightly prolonged, their tips sub-
acute. Males with genital plate oval, convex. Other characters
as in key. Van Duzee recognized five North American species,
two from the eastern states. These are
in my opinion synonyms, but one of his
southwestern species occurs in Florida.

M

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OP ISCHNORRHYNCHUS.

a. Larger, length, 4 — 5 mm.; femora wholly
pale. 294. reseda.

aa. Smaller, not over 3.2 mm.; femora dark
brown or fuscous, knees paler.

295. CHAMPIONI.

294 (476). Ischnorrhynchus reseda (Pan-
zer), 1797, xl.

Rather broadly oval. Above pale to dark
reddish-brown ; transverse impression of pro-
notum and often a triangular spot each side of
vertex, blackish; corium yellowish-hyaline, its

Pig. 75, x 10. (After disk with two small dots at apical third and
Drake, Tech. Publ. No. 16, , . . . „ . ..

x. Y. St. Coll. For.). hind margin with three or four similar ones,

blackish; scutellum blackish at base, reddish-
brown toward apex; clavus in pale specimens yellowish; antenna? with
joints 1 and 4 fuscous, 2 and 3 brown, darker at tip; under surface fus-
cous, the prosternum in part, margins of abdomen and genital plates

358 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEWJE.

paler; posterior apical angles of metapleura white; legs reddish-brown.
Head and pronotum rather finely and thickly punctate; clavus with three
rows of punctures; scutellum with transverse ridge and median carina
very faint. Other characters as in generic description. Length, 4 — 5
mm. (Fig. 75).

Common throughout Indiana. Hibernates beneath cover
along the edges of waste places and cultivated fields. Taken in
spring and summer by sweeping. Near Indianapolis, on April
23, it was once swept by scores from the stems of dead asters
of the previous year; while on Aug. 12 it was noted by
hundreds in all stages, the adults mating, on a hedge row of
Spirca van-houttei Zabel. In Florida I have taken it in small
numbers at Bassenger, Cape Sable and Dunedin by sweeping
herbage in low moist grounds and also beneath loose bark of
pine. These southern specimens differ from those from
Indiana only in averaging slightly smaller and in the slightly
more yellowish hue of the hyaline corium. Specimens named
reseda for me by Uhler, and others named /. geminatus (Say) by
both Van Duzee and Barber, have been carefully compared with
specimens of reseda from England, sent me by Mr. China, and I
can find no constant appreciable difference. The markings, punc-
tuation and even the color of the antennal joints are the same in
all. I therefore follow Stal" (1874, 124) and Uhler (1861, 23) in
making Say's name a synonym. The distribution of /. reseda
is in general northern. It is found in northern Europe and Si-
beria and in this country ranges from Quebec and New Eng-
land west and north across the Continent, and south and south-
west to Florida, Texas and California. In Maryland Uhler
(1876, 305) found it "sparingly on bushes and shrubbery near
the edges of woods." In Florida it has been previously recog-
nized only from Jacksonville.

295 (480). Ischnorrhynchus championi Distant, 1882, 193.

Oval. Color much as in resedse; antennas with all the joints reddish-
brown, darker only at tips; head and pronotum without black markings;
scutellum with small spot at middle and apex blackish; entire elytra, ex-
cept dark dots on corium, pale hyaline; legs darker, the femora fuscous,
their apices paler; metapleura and osteolar duct wholly pale. Length,
3—3.2 mm.

Ft. Myers and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 17 — March 27. Taken in
some numbers at Dunedin by sweeping herbage along a road-
side ditch, and at Ft. Myers by sifting dried muck from the
bed of an extinct pond. This is the first record from Florida, it

SUBFAMILY II. — CYMINjE. 359

being a neotropical species hitherto known in the United States
only from Texas and California.

II. Cymoninus Breddin, 1907, 38.

Elongate, slender species having the head strongly deflexed
between the antennae, not inserted in thorax to eyes ; clavus
widened behind ; corium hyaline, narrow, with a single median
row of punctures, its costal margin concave toward base. Other
characters as in key and under subfamily heading. One species
is known.

296 (481). Cymoninus notabilis (Distant), 1882, 191.

Elongate, slender. Head, pronotum and scutellum dark reddish-
brown, pubescent with scattered erect hairs; corium yellowish-hyaline,
the extreme apex fuscous; clavus and commissure yellowish; membrane
clear hyaline; sterna reddish-brown; legs dull yellow; abdomen pale
greenish-yellow; tip of beak and last joint of tarsi fuscous; antennae
brownish-yellow, the apical joint slightly darker. Second joint of an-
tennae one-half longer than third, the latter slightly shorter than fourth.
Beak reaching middle coxae. Bucculaa short, evanescent behind, not reach-
ing base of head. Pronotum densely punctate, constricted near apex, the
basal lobe strongly convex. Length, 3 — 3.3 mm.

Common throughout southern Florida. About Dunedin it
occurs in numbers from November to mid-April, both on islands
and main land, hibernating beneath rubbish along the margins
of ponds and in spring taken by sweeping herbage along road-
side ditches and in low moist cultivated grounds. A neotropi-
cal species known in this country only from Florida. The head
and pronotum are often marked with a median and two short
stripes of whitish bloom.

III. Cymus Hahn, 1831, 76.

Small oblong or elongate-oval species of a pale color having
the head porrect, as wide or wider than long, inserted in pro-
notum almost or fully to eyes ; cheeks shorter than tylus, their
tips often acute ; antenna? with basal joint stout, third longer
than second, fourth shorter, fusiform; beak reaching middle
coxae; pronotum longer than wide, constricted near apex,
coarsely, thickly and evenly punctate, basal portion convex;
clavus widened behind, commissure much longer than scu-
tellum ; membrane relatively small, hyaline. Other characters
as in key. Seven species are known from North America, six
of them from the eastern states.

360

FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CYMUS.

a. Basal joint of antennae not surpassing tip of tylus, less than half the
length of second.
b. Front portion of pronotum without a distinct median longitudinal
smooth line; second antennal much shorter than third; head about
as long as wide, first antennal not reaching its apex.

297. ANGUSTATUS.

bb. Front of pronotum with a pale, elevated, smooth median line; sec-
ond and third joints of antennae subequal in length; head wider
than long.
c. Width of front margin of pronotum greater than that of space
between eyes; fourth antennal distinctly shorter than third;
larger, length, 4.5 or more mm.
d. Pronotum but slightly wider at base than long, its sides evidently
converging from base to apex, its disk finely, unevenly and
shallowly punctate; color pale straw-yellow; form slender.

298. LURIDUS.
dd. Pronotum about one-third wider at base than long, subquadrate,
its sides very slightly if at all converging toward apex and
disk coarsely, evenly and deeply punctate; color pale to dark
reddish-brown; form more robust. 299. robustus.

cc. Width of front margin of pronotum subequal to that of space be-
tween eyes ; fourth antennal scarcely shorter than third ; small-
er, not over 3.7 mm. 300. discors.
(ki. Basal joint of antennae distinctly surpassing tip of tylus, usually
half or more than half the length of second; front portion of pro-
notum with a pale smooth elevated line.
e. Head and basal antennal in great part black; third antennal one-
half or more longer than second ; length less than 3.5 mm.

301. BELLUS.

ee. Head and basal antennal wholly pale; third antennal more than
twice the length of second; length, 4 — 4.5 mm. 302. virescens.

297 (484). Cymus angustatus Stal, 1874, 126.

Elongate-oval. Above pale brownish-yellow; head, pronotum and
scutellum somewhat darker, often clouded with
fuscous; extreme tips of clavus and corium, and
fourth antennal except base, piceous or fuscous; be-
neath reddish-brown, the legs paler. Pronotum sub-
cylindrical, its basal portion strongly convex, side
margins obtuse or broadly rounded, front margin
as wide as space between eyes. Other characters as
in key. Length, 3.8—4.2 mm. (Fig. 76).

Common in northern Indiana, less so in
the southern counties ; occurs throughout
the year. Hibernates beneath logs and other
cover and in spring and summer taken by-
sweeping vegetation growing in moist or
alluvial soil along lakes and streams, or the
borders of woodland. Sherborn, Mass.,

Fig. 76, X 10.
(Original) .

SUBFAMILY II. — CYMIN^. 361

Oct. 18 (Frost). Ranges from Ontario and New England west
to Kansas and Colorado and southwest to Florida and Texas.
It is the most common of our northern species and feeds upon
various species of Cures and Juncus. Taken at Lake Worth,
Fla., by Mrs. Slosson.

298 (483). Cymus luridus Stal, 1874, 126.

Elongate-oval. Pale straw-yellow, often slightly tinged with reddish-
brown; pronotum with front margin and a stripe each side, often fus-
cous; elytra sometimes marked with vague fuscous blotches; tips of
corium and clavus, apical half of fourth antennal, meso- and meta-
sterna and tips of tarsi, often tinged with fuscous. Basal joint of an-
tennas scarcely reaching apex of head. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, not
strongly convex behind, disk with an obvious pale obtuse carina in front
of middle. Scutellum with a similar median carina. Length, 4.8 — 5 mm.

White Plains and Cascade Lake, Adirondack Mountains, N.
Y., Sept. 29 (Barber). Not as yet taken but should occur in
northern Indiana. The general range of luridus is northern,
ranging from Ontario and Maine to Colorado, Vancouver and
California. Stal's types were from New Jersey, and it has not
been recorded south of that State.

299 ( — ). Cymus robustus Barber, 1924, 87.

Elongate-oval, more robust than luridus. Pale reddish-brown, or
brownish-yellow; head beneath and sternum often tinged with fuscous;
tip of fourth antennal and apex of corium fuscous; membrane hyaline,
often faintly mottled with fuscous. Head relatively broader and more
declivent than in luridus, antennae shorter than there, the basal joint
reaching or slightly surpassing apex of head. Pronotum as in key, the
median carina less evident than in luridus. Clavus and corium more
strongly punctate. Length, 4.5 — 4.7 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., May 30 (W.S.B.). Lake and Porter coun-
ties, Ind., May 31 — July 9 (Gerhard) . Occurs on marsh grasses
and sedges, probably throughout the Transition Life Zone of
the State. Described from New York and Michigan. Recorded
by Barber (loc. cit.) as "feeding on flower and seed heads of a
tall species of bulrush (Juncus) ."

300 (485). Cymus discors Horvath, 1908, 559.

Oblong-oval. Pale brownish-yellow; pronotum and disk of corium
often with vague brownish or fuscous markings ; fourth antennal, tips
of corium and clavus, and last joint of beak more or less fuscous. First
antennal not reaching apex of head. Pronotum subquadrate, sides visibly
sinuate near middle, hind portion of disk strongly convex; front portion
and scutellum each with a distinct median carina. Length, 3.2 — 3.5 mm.

362 FAMILY XL — LYG^ID^E.

Starke, Marion and Dubois counties, Ind., May 6 — Oct 5 ;
probably occurs throughout the State. Taken in Marion County
by hundreds and in all stages on the latter date on the heads
of wool-grass Scirpus cyperinus (L.). Sherborn, Mass., Sept. 20
(Frost). Occurs on other species of Scirpus throughout its
known range, which extends from Quebec and New England
west to Indiana. Not recorded south of New Jersey.

301 (486). Cymus bellus Van Duzee, 1909, 167.

Oblong-oval. Pale to dark brownish-yellow; head, basal three-fourths
of first antennal and often elevated hind portion of pronotum black;
extreme tip of clavus and very narrow hind margin
of eorium fuscous; membrane whitish-hyaline, often
with a vague median fuscous stripe; front edge
of pronotum and apical fourth of first antennal
white; second and third antennals pale brown, fourth
fuscous; under surface reddish-brown, legs paler,
claws black. Tylus strongly deflexed. First antennal
stout, as broad as tylus, surpassing the latter by half
its length. Pronotum subcampanulate, disk coarsely
and regularly punctate, its hind portion strongly
convex; front one with a short pale carina. Scutel-
lum finely carinate. Length, 3 — 3.2 mm. (Fig. 77).

Fig. 77, x io. Dunedin and Moore Haven, Fla., Nov. 14 —

(Alter Van Duzee).

April 9. Taken by sweeping about the mar-
gins of ponds. Described from Sevenoaks (near Clearwater) ,
Fla., and recorded only from there and Jacksonville, not known
outside that State. Van Duzee's types were "swept from a fine
grass or more probably a Juncus growing on one of the dry
open depressions (wet weather ponds) that are common in the
interminable pine-barrens of Florida."

302 (487). Cymus virescens (Fabricius), 1794, 70.

Elongate-oval. Pale straw-yellow; extreme tips of cla"us and eo-
rium piceous; first and fourth antennals brownish; tip of beak and claws
blackish. Basal joint of antennae very stout, exceeding tylus by half its
length. Antenniferous spines and cheeks acute, prominent. Pronotum
subtrapezoidal, its hind portion not strongly elevated, front margin al-
most as wide as head across the eyes; disk with carina evident, but nar-
row. Scutellum with carina more distinct. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Crawford Co., Ind., Aug. 30; swept from herbage along the
bank of the Ohio River. Pahoka, Canal Point, R. P. Park and
Istokpoga, Fla., March 25 — April 2. Taken by sweeping sedges
and grasses along the margins of Lake Okeechobee and along
the side of a cypress swamp near Istokpoga, Recorded as C.

SUBFAMILY III. — BLISSIN^E. 363

breviceps Stal, a synonym, from five other stations in Florida.
The types of Fabricius were from "Insulae America? meridio-
nalis," while those of Stal's breviceps were from Carolina and
Texas. It ranges from New Jersey southward in the coastwise
states to Mexico and Porto Rico, but is known from the eastern
inland states only from Indiana. Recorded also by Pennington
from Argentina and by Uhler as breviceps from Colorado, Utah
and California. In the form of body, and especially the prono-
tum, virescens is more closely allied to luridus than to any of our
other species. The Cymodema exiguum Horv. (1908, 559) is also a
synonym of virescens.

Subfamily III. BUSSING Stal, 1862a, 210.

Small elongate or oval species having the head broader across
the eyes than long, but narrower than hind margin of prono-
tum ; pronotum usually not sufficiently constricted or impressed
to form two lobes, punctured, without carina; elytra often di-
morphic in length, impunctate; clavus not narrowing behind,
the commissure at least half the length of scutellum ; front
femora thickened, unarmed beneath. Females with ventrals
5 — 6 narrowed, overlapping and converging forward. Other
characters as in subfamily key. Two genera are recognized,
both represented in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF BLISSIN.E.

a. Body elongate, abdomen over twice tbe length of head and thorax
united; beak not surpassing middle coxae; scutellum equilateral;
hind margin of corium straight. I. Ischnodemus, p. 363.

act. Body short, oblong-oval, abdomen less than twice as long as head
and thorax united; beak surpassing middle coxa?; scutellum wider
at base than long; hind margin of corium sinuate before apex of
clavus. II. Blissus, p. 369.

I. Ischnodemus Fieber, 1836, 337.

Slender-bodied Lygseids having the antennas slightly longer
than head and pronotum united, first joint, short, stout, pass-
ing apex of head, fourth fusiform ; pronotum usually with a
more or less evident transverse impression ; abdomen concave
above, enclosing the elytra, the latter usually reaching its apex,
macropterous form, often scarcely longer than pronotum, bra-
chypterous form ; front coxal cavities closed behind along the
hind margin of prosternum. The genus is a large one, Stal
(1874, 130) recognizing 21 species, mostly from the tropical
regions. A number have been since described and seven species

364 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^.

are recognized by Van Duzee from North America, five of
which occur in our territory, while four others are herewith in-
cluded.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ISCHNODEMUS.

a. Beak not or very slightly passing base of prosternum.
b. Membrane wholly pale with fuscous veins; elytra without a broad
black bar across basal third.
c. Pronotum not or very feebly constricted at basal third and with-
out a distinct median groove; antennas slender, the basal joint
distinctly longer than thick ; abdomen blackish.
d. Third antennal scarcely shorter than second ; discal area of
corium with one or two fuscous veins ; second interior vein of
membrane but feebly curved inward at its basal third.
e. Antenna? wholly black; basal lobe of pronotum not punctate.

303. FALICUS.

ee. Basal half or more of antenna? reddish-brown; basal lobe of pro-
notum punctate. 304. intermedius.
dd. Third antennal distinctly shorter than second; discal area of
corium wholly pale; second interior vein of membrane sharply
angularly bent inward at its basal third almost to first vein.

305. RUFIPES.
cc. Pronotum distinctly and widely constricted at basal third, its
front portion with a broad shallow median longitudinal groove;
antennae stout, the basal joint oval, nearly as thick as long; ab-
domen pale reddish-brown. 306. robustus.
bb. Membrane with apical two-thirds shining black; elytra with a
broad black bar across basal third. 307. atramedius.
act. Beak reaching to or behind the middle of mesosternum.

/. Basal half or more of antennae pale; head and front portion
of pronotum black; osteolar duct blackish or obscurely pale.
g. Pronotum without a black velvety bar across the base and
with at least the basal margin pale; antennae with two api-
cal joints wholly or in part dark; elytra in brachypterous
form with dark veins; length 5 or more mm.
h. Pronotum with basal fifth or less pale; antennae stout, basal
joint slightly longer than thick; color black, legs dark
reddish-brown. 308. lobatus.

hh. Pronotum with basal fourth or more pale; antennae more
slender, basal joint much longer than thick; legs pale red-
dish-brown. 309. SLOSSONI.
gg. Pronotum wholly blackish and with a black velvety bar
across the base; antennae with only the apical joint dark;
elytra, brachypterous form, small white pads without dark
veins, but with an oblique black spot behind middle; length
less than 3.5 mm. 310. minutus.
//. Antennae wholly blackish; head and pronotum dark brown or
paler; osteolar duct pale. 311. badius.

SUBFAMILY III. — BLISSIN^E. 365

303 (489). Ischnodemus falicus (Say), 1832, 15; I, 331.

Elongate-slender. Head, pronotum, scutellum and under surface
black thickly pubescent; abdomen fuscous, its margins paler; basal
fifth of pronotum and legs reddish-brown ; corium and membrane whitish
with veins fuscous. Pronotum subquadrate, depressed above, sides
rounded in front; pale portion of base slightly prolonged at sides, sloping
downward to a very thin edge. Scutellum carinate on apical half. Elytra
in macropterous forms reaching sixth dorsal. Female with oblique hind
margin of fifth ventral ending under hind margin of fourth before reach-
ing median line. Length, 4.2 — 5.3 mm.

Lake and Marion counties, Ind., scarce, May 29 — June 8.
Wolf Lake, 111., July 19. Taken by sweeping grasses and sedges
along the margins of ponds and lakes. Ranges from Massa-
chusetts and Connecticut west to Dakota and southwest to
Texas. Uhler (1876, 305) says that in Maryland "it passes the
winter beneath stones in sheltered places and may be swept
from plants in damp situations in June and July." In New
Jersey Smith found it common on cranberry bogs in June.

304 ( — ). Ischnodemus intermedius Barber, Ms.

Allied to falicus but smaller, and more slender. Color much as there;
antennae with joints 1, 2 and basal half of 3 reddish-brown, apical half
of 3 fuscous, 4 shining black. Beak reaching base of prosternum. Pro-
notum shorter than in falicus with sides more rounded in front; disk of
front lobe more convex, of hind one coarsely punctate in front of the
smooth pale area. Elytra in brachypterous forms reaching third dorsal.
Scutellum much smaller than in falicus, impunctate and without carina.
Length, 4.8 mm.

Spencer Co., Ind., May 25; swept from roadside herbage (W.
S. B.). Speeceville, Pa. (Barber). No other records.

305 (490). Ischnodemus rufipes Van Duzee, 1909, 167.

Elongate-slender. Black, opaque, thickly clothed with a very fine
silvery gray pubescence; hind border of pronotum and sides of abdomen
and clavus brownish; legs pale brownish-yellow; corium and membrane
white, their veins tinged with brownish-yellow or fuscous, the membrane
usually with a small fuscous spot adjacent to the blackish apex of corium;
antennae dark reddish-brown, the apical joint piceous with pale tip. Sec-
ond and fourth antennals subequal in length; first short, stout, slightly
passing apex of head. Beak reaching base of prosternum. Pronotum
much as in falicus; disk fine^ punctate and with a vague, median trans-
verse impression, opposite which the side margins are feebly sinuate.
Scutellum with base very feebly elevated, median carina scarcely evi-
dent. Elytra, macropterous form, reaching middle of sixth dorsal ; bra-
chypterous form, the base of second dorsal. Female with oblique hind
margin of fifth ventral reaching median line of abdomen. Length,
5 — 5.2 mm.

366 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEWJE.

Ft. Myers, R. P. Park, Moore Haven, Istokpoga and Dunedin,
Fla., Nov. 19 — April 4. Frequent about Dunedin in moist lo-
calities; hibernating beneath cover and in spring taken by
sweeping dead sugar cane, grasses and other vegetation. As
yet taken only in Florida, where it is known from Ormond south
to R. P. Park and Estero. The outer three veins of the mem-
brane unite at base and radiate from a small dark spot near
apex of corium, while the fourth one is sharply angularly bent
as described in key.

306 ( — ). ISCHNODEMUS ROBUSTUS sp. llOV.

Elongate, large and robust for the genus. Head, apical two-thirds
of pronotum, scutellum, except tip, and all the sterna black, opaque,
thickly clothed with a very fine silvery-gray pubescence; abdomen both
above and beneath pale reddish-brown, similarly pubescent; elytra pale
straw-yellow, the bounding veins of clavus and the outer one of corium
yellow, discal vein of corium and those of membrane fuscous ; antennae
piceous-brown, the incisures pale; legs and basal fourth of pronotum pale
reddish-brown. Antennae very stout, joints 2 and 4 subequal in length,
the latter fusiform, 3 one-third shorter than 2. Beak reaching base of
pro'sternum, its second joint but slightly surpassing base of head. Pro-
notum nearly as wide at base as long, sides subparallel from base to
beyond middle, thence converging toward apex, distinctly sinuate at
basal third ; disk finely and sparsely punctate, the punctures in front
of pale basal portion in transverse rows, the latter smooth. Scutellum
flat, not carinate but with a smooth median line, elsewhere distinctly
punctate. Elytra reaching sixth dorsal ; outer three veins of membrane
abbreviated and not united at base; fourth vein broadly curved, not angu-
larly bent at basal third. Length, 6 — 8 mm.

R. P. Park, Fla., March 18 — April 4 ; seven specimens swept
from herbage along the margins of the everglades. Allied
to rufipes but larger and stouter, with antennae much more ro-
bust, pronotum more constricted, abdomen pale and veins of
membrane very different. One of the seven is brachypterous,
the elytra but slightly overlapping the base of second dorsal.

307 ( — ). ISCHNODEMUS ATRAMEDIUS sp. nOV.

Elongate, slender. Black, thickly clothed with a minute yellowish-
gray pubescence, that on head and pronotum in part erect; knobs above
hind angles and the very narrow hind margin of pronotum, also a small
spot on each side of scutellum, brownish-yellow; corium behind middle
of commissure and basal third of membrane dull white, the veins yellow-
ish; membrane with a large round black spot on apical two-thirds; con-
nexivals pale brown, their margins whitish; legs and beak pale brownish-
yellow; antennae piceous, the incisures and tip of fourth joint paler. An-
tennae slender, the basal joint stout, surpassing by half its length the apex
of head, second and fourth subequal in length, the latter stouter, fusiform;

SUBFAMILY III. — BUSSING. 367

third about two-thirds the length of second. Beak reaching base of pro-
sternum. Pronotum distinctly longer than wide at base, disk subdepressed
with a vague postmedian transverse impression, this and the area just
behind it rather coarsely punctate; side margins sinuate opposite this im-
pression, then broadly rounded to the post-apical constriction. Scutel-
lum with a distinct transverse basal ridge, the concavities behind it
each side of median carina sparsely, coarsely punctate. Elytra reaching
sixth dorsal. Female with fifth ventral as in rufipes. Length, 6 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 9 — March 22. Described from two fe-
males, one beaten from dead leaves of cabbage palmetto, the
other swept from weeds along a roadside ditch. Longer and
stouter than rufipes with longer pronotum and very different
color of corium and membrane. It is evidently closely allied
to the Brazilian /. tibialis Stal, which has a similar black spot on
membrane, but in that species the femora are black.

308 (492). Ischnodemus lobatus Van Duzee, 1909, 169.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Black, clothed with a fine grayish
pubescence; basal half of antennae and legs pale reddish-brown; elytra
testaceous, the nervures of corium and veins of membrane darker. An-
tennae stout, basal joint short, oval, 2 and 4 subequal in length, the latter
distinctly the stoutest, fusiform, 3 two-thirds the length of 4. Beak al-
most reaching middle coxae, the second joint surpassing base of head by
half its length. Pronotum about one-third longer than wide, sides paral-
lel from base to apical third, thence strongly converging to apex; disk
with apical half convex, almost smooth, basal half strongly flattened,
rather thickly and finely punctate. Elytra, brachypterous form, reach-
ing middle of second dorsal, the membrane very small. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 17. One brachypterous male swept from
herbage on margin of everglade. Recorded heretofore only from
Estero, Fla.

309 (493). Ischnodemus slossoni Van Duzee, 1909a, 233.

Elongate, slender. Above with head, apical two-thirds of pronotum
and scutellum black, sparsely clothed with prostrate grayish pubescence;
basal third of pronotum, veins of corium and membrane brown, or pice-
ous; abdomen blackish or dark brown, thickly clothed with minute sil-
very-gray pubescence; disk of corium and membrane white; under sur-
face black, legs pale reddish-brown. Antennae with joints 1 and 2 and
basal half of 3 pale; remainder piceous. Beak reaching middle of meso-
sternum. Pronotum oblong, convex in front of middle, sides parallel
from base to beyond middle, thence abruptly rounded and converging
toward apex; disk with a postmedian coarsely punctured transverse
impression, the area behind this pale. Scutellum almost smooth without
basal ridge, its carina evident but feeble. Elytra, brachypterous form,
reaching only to middle of second dorsal, in macropterous to apex of fifth
dorsal. Sixth ventral of female narrowed and prolonged obliquely for-
ward, its apex ending beneath fourth and shutting off the fifth from the
median line of abdomen. Length, 4.5 — 5.2 mm.

368

FAMILY XI. — LYG^EID^.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Feb. 16— March 13. Taken
at Dunedin by sweeping herbage in low moist places ; at the
Park by sifting grass-roots in rocky pine glades. Described
from Jacksonville, Fla., and Raleigh, N. Car. ; recorded else-
where only from Little River, Fla. In the macropterous form
the inner two veins of membrane are united at apex, the outer
three entire, separate at base.

310 ( — ). Ischnodemus minutus Blatchley, 1925, 45; 1925a, 245.

Elongate, very slender. Braehypterous form with body wholly black,
thickly clothed with very fine silvery-gray pubescence, the head and
pronotum with a bluish tinge; pronotum with a velvety black bar across
the basal fourth; antennae and legs pale brownish-yellow, the apical joint
of former piceous-black; beak dark brown, the basal
joint paler; elytra as in key. Antennae about as
long as head and pronotum united, joint 1 not pass-
ing tip of tylus, 2 and 3 slender, the latter slightly
the shorter, 4 fusiform, one-half longer and much
stouter than either. Beak reaching middle coxae.
Pronotum subquadrate, its disk nearly evenly convex,
finely, evenly and sparsely punctate, without either
transverse or longitudinal impression, its sides paral-
lel from base to middle, rounded and converging near
apex. Scutellum small, flat, impunctate. Elytra
reaching only to base of second dorsal, their tips
narrowly rounded and separated by a space nearly
equal to their width, their inner margins oblique.
Length, 3—3.3 mm. (Fig. 78).

Fig. 78, X 11.

(Original.. Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 4—

March 31. A dozen or more specimens were taken at Dunedin
in February and March by sifting the roots of tufts of grass
in low moist grounds. At the Park eight were taken in De-
cember and March in the same manner. It is our smallest
and blackest species, easily known by the subquadrate, evenly
convex pronotum with black basal cross-bar, large piceous
apical antennal and small white elytral pads. Originally de-
scribed as /. pusillus, which name was preoccupied by Dallas for
a South African species.

311 (495). Ischnodemus badius Van Duzee, 1909, 168.

Elongate, very slender. Pale chestnut-brown, the pronotum, con-
nexivum and legs dull yellow; scutellum and a submarginal line along
each side of dorsal surface of abdomen dark brown ; elytra dull yellow,
the veins darker; antennae either wholly dark brown or with the basal
joints slightly paler. Beak reaching middle coxae, its second joint sur-
passing head by nearly half its length. Second and fourth antennals
subequal in length, third shorter. Pronotum oblong, sides straight and

SUBFAMILY III. — BLISSIN^E. 369

parallel from base to beyond middle, thence converging to apex; disk
with a vague broad postmedian, sparsely punctured transverse impres-
sion in front of which is a distinct median longitudinal impressed line.
Elytra very small, reaching base of second dorsal, finely punctate, each
puncture with a short yellow hair; membrane narrow, whitish-hyaline.
Length, 5 — 7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla. (W.S.B.). St. Petersburg, Fla., April 28
(Barber). Known elsewhere only from Tampa and Clearwater,
Fla. A submaritime species occurring on coarse grasses along
the shores of bays.

II. Blissus Burmeister, 1835, 290.

Small oblong-oval species having the head declivent, its
width across eyes about one-half that of hind margin of pro-
notum; antennas about as long as head and pronotum united,
basal joint slightly surpassing tip of tylus, fourth joint fusi-
form, stouter and longer than second, third one-half to two-
thirds the length of fourth ; pronotum convex at middle, thence
declivent, both in front and behind ; scutellum rarely carinate ;
connexivum very narrowly exposed, males, more distinctly so,
females ; membrane in macropterous forms reaching almost to
tip of abdomen, in brachypterous ones only to third dorsal ;
front coxal cavities open along hind margin of prosternum.
Other characters as in key. Two species and three varieties
occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN FORMS OF BLISSUS.

a. Pronotum not prominently and abruptly silvery-gray in front of
middle; corium and membrane with veins straw-yellow.
b. Pubescence of pronotum not long, erect and tawny-yellow in hue.
c. Pronotum and scutellum densely and coarsely punctate; abdomen
at least twice as long as head and pronotum united ; fourth
joint of antenna? double the length of third. 312. validus.

cc. Pronotum and scutellum finely, more sparsely punctate, the punc-
tures separated by at least their own diameters; abdomen less
than twice as long as head and pronotum united ; fourth anten-
nal one-half longer than third.
d. Antennae with apical half of third joint and all of fourth black;
apical spot of corium piceous. 312. leucopterus.

dd. Antennae with first three joints and base of fourth dull yellow;
apical spot of corium brown or paler. 313a. var. arenarius.
bb. Pubescence of pronotum and sides of abdomen in great part long,
erect and a tawny-yellow in hue. 313b. var. hirtus.

aa. Front half of pronotum densely clothed with prostrate silvery-gray
pubescence, this contrasting strongly with the deep velvety black
of hind portion; corium and membrane with veins whitish, con-
colorous with the disk. 313c. var. insularis.

370 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEIDJE.

312 ( — ). Blissus validus sp. nov.

Elongate-oval. Black, sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence;
corium, clavus and membrane dull whitish-hyaline with veins tawny-
yellow the apex of corium piceous; antenna? with joint 1 and basal half
of 2 yellow, remainder piceous; legs and beak pale brownish-yellow. Beak
reaching metasternum. Pronotum subquadrate, sides slightly sinuate at
basal third, thence broadly rounded to apex; disk, except the nodules
of hind angles, everywhere closely and coarsely punctate. Scutellum
similarly punctate, with an evident but faint apical carina. Abdomen of
female very long, strongly narrowed at base to opposite apex of clavus,
thence gradually expanded and widest behind apex of corium. Female
with apex of fifth ventral reaching middle line of abdomen. Length,
4.7 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Oct. 31. Taken by sifting. Much longer
and more parallel than leucopterus or any of its varieties, with
very different sculpture of pronotum, the fourth antennal as
long as second and third united.

313 (496). Blissus leucopterus (Say), 1832, 14; I, 329.

Oblong-oval. Black, subopaque, thickly clothed with fine app~essed
pubescence, in fresh specimens, that on front

thalf of pronotum with a faint silvery-gray
tinge; elytra, including membrane, milky-
white, the veins tinged with yellowish; apex
of corium with a large blackish spot; tip of
second joint of antenna? and joints 3 and 4,
piceous, remainder pale brownish-yellow;
very narrow hind margin of pronotum
brownish; legs and beak brownish-yellow.
Pronotum shorter and more convex than in
arenarius, sides not sinuate, broadly rounded
in front; disk minutely subobsoletely punc-
tate; scutellum similarly punctate, without
evident carina. Abdomen of female slightly

Fig. 79, X 9. (After Lugger). , , . „ , , , ,, j j u

narrowed at base, feebly broadly rounded be-
hind apex of clavus. Length, 3.8—4.2 mm. (Fig. 79).

This is the destructive "chinch-bug" which annually does
millions of dollars of damage to cereal and other crops, in the
states between the Allegheny and Rocky Mountains. It occurs
throughout Indiana, but is more common in the central and
southern portions; hibernating as adult in vast numbers be-
neath fallen grass and piles of weeds, in fodder shocks and
other cover along the borders and within cultivated fields.
There are usually two broods each year, the young of the first
appearing in May and June in time to attack the juicy stems of

SUBFAMILY III. — BUSSING. 371

young wheat and corn, those of the second in August and Sep-
tember, the adults of this brood surviving the winter. Full ac-
counts of the life history and remedies are given in various
publications of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, notably those
of F. M. Webster, issued as Bulletin 69 and Circular 113.

The known range of typical B. leucopterus extends from Que-
bec and New England west to Vancouver, Dakota and Colo-
rado and south and southwest to Florida, Texas and Mexico.
It has also been recorded from a few isolated stations in Ari-
zona, California and Washington. East of the Alleghenies it
is single brooded and is much less common than in the Central
West, seldom occurring in sufficient numbers to do much dam-
age. In Florida I have taken the typical form at Lakeland,
Moore Haven and Dunedin, though the majority of those found
about Dunedin and other seacoast localities belong to var. in-
sularis Barb. The insect has many natural enemies, chief
among which are the quail, several species of ground beetles
and Heteroptera and the chinch-bug fungus, Sporotrichium glo-
biliferum Speg., this fungus being especially beneficial in wet
seasons.

313a ( — ). Blissus leucopterus arenarius Barber, 1918a, 38.

"Longer and narrower than leucopterus Say, the abdomen being
distinctly longer than head and thorax united. Villosity of pronotum
shorter, less dense, and grayish. Hemielytra with membranous area more
sordid white, the veins limiting the clavus and those of posterior margin
and other parts of corium for the most part stramineous or faintly tinged
with brown; legs oehraceous." {Barber). Other characters as in key.
Length, 3.7 mm.

Rockaway Beach, Long Island, N. Y., May 25 (Barber) . The
types were "collected on a species of sand grass growing back
of the sand dunes along the ocean beach" at Sandy Hook, N.
J., and Coney and Long Islands, N. Y.

313b (497). Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon, 1893a, 405.

More robust than typical leucopterus with longer, denser and more
erect yellowish hairs on pronotum and sides of abdomen; femora often
dark brown. Length, 4 — 4.3 mm.

Cascade Lake, Adirondack Mountains, Aug. 18 (Barber).
Occurs mainly in the higher regions of Canada and the eastern
states. The unique type was from Hazelton, Pa., and, accord-
ing to Barber (1918a, 38), "was unusual in lacking the piceous
spot at the apex of the corium."

372 FAMILY XI. — LYG;£IDj£.

313c ( — ). Blissus leucopterus insularis Barber, 1918a, 38.

"Shorter and narrower than typical leucopterus. Antennae with ter-
minal segment relatively shorter. Pronotum deep velvety black, an-
teriorly prominently silver-gray, the villosity shorter and sparser. Hemi-
elytra appearing more whitish, the veins not stramineous but concolorous
with the whitish membranous areas; commissural margin of the clavus,
apical margin of corium, median vein apically and apical spot strongly
piceous. Femora frequently castaneous." {Barber).

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 3 — April 9. Frequent at
Dunedin in bunches of grass-roots along the bay front ; also be-
neath boards in sandy localities one-half mile inland. While Bar-
ber states that "this variety inhabits the coastal strip of Flor-
ida and that there it is always brachypterous," both long- and
short-winged forms were among those taken on the beach at
Dunedin, the latter, however, predominating. In Porto Rico he
found both macropterous and brachypterous forms. It is but
a color variety of leucopterus which is found in sandy regions.
The specimens of the typical form occurring in sandy places in
Indiana have the front half of pronotum more silvery-gray than
those from non-sandy localities, and Say, in his original de-
scription of his Virginia type, says "thorax tinged with ciner-
ous before."

Subfamily IV. GEOCORINiE Stal, 1862a, 212.

Small oblong-oval species having the head broader than long ;
eyes very prominent, projecting backward and overlapping the
front of pronotum (fig. 80) ; antennae shorter than head and
pronotum united, first joint not exceeding apex of head, third
and fourth usually subequal, second slightly longer ; beak reach-
ing middle coxse; pronotum transverse, sparsely punctate, not
carinate or separated into distinct lobes ; scutellum elongate-
triangular, apex acute ; clavus long, very narrow, the com-
missure absent or very short ; elytra in macropterous forms
covering the abdomen, the membrane large and extending be-
yond its tip, in brachypterous ones very small, not surpassing
fifth dorsal. Females with sides of fifth and sixth ventrals
narrowed, slightly overlapping, reaching the median line of
abdomen. Other characters as in subfamily key. The sub-
family comprises two genera, both represented in the eastern
states.

KEY TO GENERA OF SUBFAMILY GEOCORIX.E.

a. Head more or less punctate or rugulose; third and fourth joints of
antennae subequal, second longer; first joint of beak longer than

SUBFAMILY IV. — GEOCORIN.E. 373

second; eyes not obviously stalked, their inner margins usually
almost contiguous with front side margins of pronotum.

I. Geocoris, p. 373.
aa. Head smooth; second and fourth joints of antennae subequal, third
shorter; first joint of beak equal to or shorter than second; eyes
obviously stalked, not in contact with front side margins of pro-
notum. II. Hypogeocoris, p. 378.

I. Geocoris Fallen, 1814, 10.

Short robust species, possessing the characters of subfamily
and of generic key and being especially notable for the broad
head with its very large curved, backward projecting eyes.
Ocelli very small, placed close to the inner border of eyes ; scu-
tellum as long as or longer than wide, clavus not or but slightly
surpassing its tip ; pleura coarsely punctate ; femora but little
swollen, unarmed. Some of the species are known to prey upon
other Heteroptera and it is probable that all are more or less
predaceous in habits. Ten species are known from North
America, five of which occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GEOCORIS.

a. Groove of tylus extending back onto vertex and crossed near middle
by a sinuate transverse sulcus; femora dotted with brown; scu-
tellum with a prominent smooth calloused yellow spot each side
of base. 314. punctipes.

aa. Groove of tylus not reaching back onto vertex, not crossed by a
transverse sulcus ; femora not or rarely dotted ; scutellum with-
out prominent elevated smooth spots at base.
b. Scutellum longer than wide, usually brownish or piceous with a
punctate yellow spot each side of middle; color grayish-yellow.

c. Corium sparsely punctate, the punctures in evident rows; femora

usually in great part or wholly piceous; macropterous form only
known. 315. bullatus.

cc. Corium thickly irregularly punctate; femora wholly pale or faintly
dotted with fuscous ; both macropterous and brachypterous
forms known. 316. discopterus.

bb. Scutellum equilateral, as wide at base as long.

d. Pronotum and corium coarsely, irregularly punctate, the latter

with a large smooth area near middle; scutellum wholly black
or piceous; upper surface in great part black or piceous.

317. uliginosus.

dd. Pronotum and corium finely, evenly and shallowly punctate, the

latter without smooth area; scutellum and upper surface pale

grayish-yellow. 318. frisoni.

314 (498). Geocoris punctipes (Say), 1832, 18; I, 336. ,

Oblong-oval, robust. Above grayish-yellow; head between eyes, a
curved mark each side of apical third of pronotum and the scutellum,

374 FAMILY XI. — LYG^EID^E.

usually in great part, piceous; front of head and a spot each side of
scutellum yellow; antenna? with joints 1 and 2 usually fuscous, the others
pale; beneath dull yellow at middle, sides piceous, legs yellow, femora
with brown dots. Head flattened, smooth, polished, not punctate but
with grooves as mentioned in key. Pronotum subelliptical, angles
rounded, disk coarsely, sparsely punctate, the apical third with a curved
smooth area each side. Scutellum as in key, its disk punctate and with
a smooth median carina. Length, 3.5 — 4.2 mm.

Crawford and Posey counties, Ind., July 21 — Aug. 30; Dun-
edin and Sarasota, Fla., Nov. 30 — April 20 (W. S. B.). Agri-
cultural College, Miss. (Weed). An austroriparian species
found in Indiana only in the extreme southern part of the
State. Frequent about Dunedin, Fla., hibernating beneath
cover, and taken by sweeping, mainly in low grounds. Com-
mon throughout Florida and ranges from New Jersey west to
southern Indiana, Oklahoma and Colorado and south and south-
west to Texas, Arizona, California and Mexico. Varies much
in fuscous markings of upper surface, those mentioned in
description being often vague or wanting, but easily dis-
tinguished by its smooth head with cross grooves.

315 (499). Geocoris bullatus (Say), 1832, 18; I, 336.

Smaller than punctipes; body but slightly widened behind middle.
Above grayish, often tinged with yellow; head
between eyes, base of scutellum and two spots
on hind margin of corium blackish; pronotum
with two prominent smooth yellow callosities
on apical third, these sometimes in part fus-
cous; antennal joints usually reddish-brown to
piceous, their tips paler; under surface piceous,
the base of head, sides of coxal cavities and
hind margins of pleura whitish yellow; beak
and femora in part piceous. Head minutely
densely punctate or shagreened between the
eyes. Pronotum subquadrate, evenly punc-
tate, more sparsely near base. Scutellum with
a flat smooth median line. Length, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Fig. 80, X in. (pig. 80).

i Alter Bruner).

Lake and Porter counties, Ind. ; probably occurs throughout
the State. Found principally in sandy localities, along the
margins of lakes and ponds ; hibernates as imago beneath cover
and taken by sifting in summer and autumn. Dunedin and Key
West, Fla., Oct. 26 — March 11. Frequent about Dunedin be-
neath clumps of weeds on the dry white sand of the bay front.
Recorded from numerous other localities in Florida. Ranges

SUBFAMILY IV. — GEOCORIN^E. 375

from Quebec and New England west to Dakota, Utah and Van-
couver, and southwest to Florida and California. Hussey
records it as very common in the sand dunes of Berrien Co.,
Mich., "where numbers of individuals were seen running about
on the ground among the sparse grasses; one adult thus run-
ning was followed closely in all its erratic course by a nymph
of about the third instar."

In addition to typical bullatus as above described there occur
in our territory two varieties which may be separated from
the typical form as follows:

KEY TO VARIETIES, OF GEOCORIS BULLATUS.

a. Joints 1 — 3 of antennae reddish-brown or in part fuscous above; pro-
notum rather sparsely irregularly punctate, its hind margin al-
most smooth.
b. Corium with fuscous markings only on internal angle or along hind
margin; length, 3.2 — 4.2 mm. 315. bullatus.

bb. Corium wholly or in great part fuscous to piceous; length, 4.5 mm.

315a. var. borealis.
act. Joints 1 — 3 of antenna? a uniform bluish-green above; pronotum
more thickly, evenly and finely punctate to its very base.

315b. var. floridanus.

315a (499a). Geocoris bullatus borealis (Dallas), 1852, 585.

Of his Ophthalmicus griseus, now recognized as a synonym of Geo-
coris bullatus Dallas (loc. cit.) says in part: "Subtus niger; thorace quad-
rato, transverso, postice vix latiori. Long, lin. l1^ — 1%." On the same
page, of his O. borealis he says: "Subtus niger, pectore abdominisque
marginibus albido-maculatis; thorace postice latiori. Long, lin. 2." These
are the only differences of any note between the descriptions of the two.

Colorado (U.S.N.Mus.; Cornell Univ. Coll.). Distant (1882,
199) recognized borealis as a distinct species, stating that: "All
the Central American species which we have received are con-
stant in character and of the form described by Mr. Dallas, of
which I have examined the type." McAtee (1914, 131) makes
borealis a variety of bullatus and records a specimen from Ungava
Bay, Labrador. It is recorded elsewhere only from "North
America" by Dallas and Guatemala (12,400 feet) by Distant.

315b ( — ). Geocoris bullatus floridanus var. nov.

Smaller than the average bullatus, more narrowed and wedge-shaped
behind; general color less grayish, more dull yellow; joints 1 — 3 of an-
tenna? reddish-brown beneath, bluish-green above, 4 wholly pale brownish-
yellow; pronotum with outer half of each callus and two oblong spots
on hind margin, black; scutellum piceous-brown with a vague yellowish
spot each side; femora with numerous small brownish dots. Pronotum
with entire surface, including humeral angles, finely and evenly punctate.
Characters otherwise as in bullatus. Length, 3 mm.

376 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^:.

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 2 ; a single specimen swept from low
huckleberry along the margins of Jerry Lake. The taking of
additional examples may show this to be a valid species.

316 (499c). Geocoris discopterus Stal, 1874, 136.

Oblong-oval; in both sexes distinctly widest behind the middle. Color
much as in bullatus, more tinged with reddish-brown; head with smaller
reddish-brown instead of blackish spot between the eyes; scutellum less
piceous at base, the yellow spots on sides longer; antenna? with first joint
blackish, its apex yellow, remaining joints reddish-brown to piceous;
legs wholly pale; beak, except base, piceous-black. Head, pronotum and
scutellum as in bullatus. Corium (brachypterous form) much more
widened behind, wholly coriaceous, thickly irregularly punctate; hind
margin obliquely broadly rounded and forming a commissure half the
length of scutellum, instead of straight and oblique from apical angle
to apex of scutellum as in bullatus; membrane very short, reaching base
of fifth dorsal. Abdomen with sides distinctly curved, widest behind
apex of scutellum. Length, 2.8 — 3.5 mm.

Crawford and Posey counties, Ind., July 12 — Nov. 1. De-
scribed from New Jersey and ranges from New England to
southern Indiana. Recorded also by Parshley (1919, 16) from
Vancouver. Van Duzee, following McAfee, has made this a
variety of bullatus, but if form of body and texture and sculp-
ture of elytra count for anything in taxonomy, it is a distinct
species.

317 (502). Geocoris uliginosus (Say), 1832, 19; I, 337.

Oblong-oval; males with sides subparallel to apical fourth of ab-
domen ; females distinctly widened behind the middle. Black, shining,
the corium narrowly margined with pale; membrane brownish or whitish-
hyaline; antenna? wholly black, female, first and second joints black
with pale tips, third and fourth in part or wholly pale, male; legs pale
reddish-yellow, male, in great part black or piceous, female. Head dense-
ly and very finely rugose-punctate. Pronotum wider than long, disk
moderately convex, thickly and rather coarsely punctate, the nodules
over hind angles and a transverse elongate spot each side on apical third,
smooth. Scutellum as in key, its disk punctate and with a vague median
carina. Corium with a submarginal and two inner rows of punctures
and also some scattered ones near apex, the disk in great part smooth ;
membrane in macropterous form slightly surpassing tip of abdomen,
male, scarcely or fully reaching its tip, female. Length, 3.5 — 4 mm.

Marion, Putnam, Vigo and Clark counties, Ind., Jan. 5 — Nov.
28 ; doubtless occurs throughout the State. Ormond, Lakeland,
Istokpoga, Ft. Myers and Dunedin, Fla., Oct. 25 — April 18. In
Indiana the typical form, as above described, is apparently less
common than some of its color varieties. It hibernates singly
or in pairs beneath logs and other cover, sometimes being found
in company with BHssus leucppterus (Say) and the Coccinellid

SUBFAMILY IV. — GEOCORIN^E. 377

beetle, Megilla maculata (DeG.) ; all three within a space of a
few square inches. In summer and autumn it occurs on flowers
of Eupatorium and other Compositse along streams and marshes.
About Dunedin it is much more frequent than in Indiana, and
I have on several occasions taken it in company with G. punctipes
and G. bullatus beneath boards in a country barnyard. It is also
frequently found beneath cover along the bay beach and has
been taken at porch light.

The known range of typical uliginosus covers practically the
entire United States and southern Canada, though many of
the records probably refer to its color varieties. Uhler (1877,
410) says: This is the most common species found in the At-
lantic region. It occurs on the ground in dark loamy spots, in
woods and near streams, often in places exposed to the sun and
around the roots of the horse-nettle, Solatium carolinense L."

In addition to typical uliginosus, as treated above, there are, in
the eastern states, three forms or varieties recognized by
McAtee and Van Duzee which differ only in color from Say's
species. These are separated as follows :

KEY TO COLOR VARIETIES OF GEOCORIS ULIGINOSUS.

a. Head, except at apex, piceous.
b. Both pronotum and elytra more or less broadly pale margined, the
latter sometimes entirely pale. 317a. var. speculator.

bb. Pronotum entirely piceous or with traces of pale along the sides.
c. Costal margins of elytra entirely piceous or narrowly pale mar-
gined. 317. ULIGINOSUS.
cc. Elytra broadly pale margined. 317b. var. lateralis.
aa. Head light reddish-brown or testaceous ; pronotum and elytra broad-
ly pale margined, the latter sometimes entirely pale.

317c. var. limbatus.

317a (502b). Geocoris uliginosus speculator Montandon, 1908, 227.

Differs from the typical form only in the color characters given in
key and by having the legs of female wholly pale brownish-yellow. Form
somewhat more robust. Length, 3.3 — 4 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 16. Ranges from Massachusetts to
British Columbia, California and Texas.

317b (502c). Geocoris uliginosus lateralis (Fieber), 1861a, 271.

This variety hardly deserves a special name, the only difference be-
tween it and typical uliginosus being in the relative width of the pale
margin of elytra. Specimens with all degrees of this width occur, so
that the two forms intermerge wherever found.

Southern half of Indiana, frequent, July 11 — Dec. 3. Dune-
din, Fla., March 16. Occurs with the typical form throughout

378 FAMILY XL — LYG^EID^.

most of its range. The young, probably of a second and hiber-
nating brood, appear to be most common in September, all
stages being then found beneath leaves and other cover along
sandy banks of streams.

317c (502d). Geocoris uliginosus limbatus Stal, 1874, 136.

Easily distinguished by its reddish-brown or paler head and pale
side margins of pronotum. Structural characters the same as in the
typical form, but brachypterous individuals more frequent. In these
the membrane is very short, reaching base of fifth dorsal.

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., July 14 — Oct. 23. Occurs
with the typical form and in the northern states often more
common. At Buffalo, N. Y., Van Duzee found it "moderately
abundant on damp spots in meadows and grain fields." The
best marked variety of the species.

318 ( — ). Geocoris frisoni Barber, 1926, 38.

Oblong-oval, brachypterous. Head dull yellow to reddish-yellow, the
ridges of tylus and a curved line about each ocellus paler; pronotum,
scutellum and elytra pale grayish-yellow, calli and median carina of
scutellum dull yellow; dorsum of abdomen fuscous, connexivals pale
yellow; legs and under surface dull yellow, sides of ventrals fuscous-
brown; beak piceous, basal joint paler; joint 1 of antenna? yellow, 2 and
3 dusky, 4 fuscous. Pronotum depressed, twice as wide as long, side
margins parallel ; calli and extreme base smooth, remainder punctate as
in key. Scutellum as broad at base as long, closely and evenly punctate,
the low median carina smooth. Elytra obovate, reaching middle of fifth
dorsal, punctate as in key; membrane hyaline, very short, scarcely over-
lapping. Length, 3.1 — 3.3 mm.

Vigo Co., Ind., Jan. 5— April 4 (W.S.B.). Arenzville, 111.,
Aug. 14 {Barber). Occurs only in sandy localities, hibernating
beneath mullein leaves and other cover. Varies somewhat in
color, the head, scutellum, under surface and legs sometimes
in great part fuscous. Known only from Indiana and Illinois.

II. Hypogeocoris Montandon, 1913, 55.

Short oval species differing from Geocoris mainly by the char-
acters given in generic key. Upper surface, except head and
membrane, coarsely, rather sparsely irregularly punctate ;
ocelli placed midway between inner margin of eye and middle
of vertex; beak reaching hind coxae; clavus very narrow but
slightly more elevated than corium. The Isthmocoris of McAfee
(1914, 127) is a synonym. Two species are known, both oc-
curring in our territory.

SUBFAMILY IV. — GEOCORIN^E. 379

KIOV TO SPECIES OF HYPOGEOCORIS.

«. Color above in great part piceous; corium sparsely and irregularly
punctate over the entire disk. 319. piceus.

aa. Head, elytra and pronotum in part, dull yellow or reddish-yellow;
punctures of corium mostly in rows near the clavus.

320. IMPERIALIS.

319 (507). Hypogeocoris piceus (Say), 1832, 18; I, 336.

Broadly oval, robust. Piceous, shining; head, base of first, apex of
third and usually all of fourth antennal, beak and legs reddish-yellow
or pale reddish-brown. Head, and front half of pronotum except sub-
marginal line, impunctate. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, sides feebly con-
vei-ging from base to apical fourth, thence more strongly so to apex;
basal half of disk with four nearly regular transverse rows of punctures.
Scutellum equilateral, margins elevated; disk coarsely irregularly punc-
tate without median carina. Corium sparsely irregularly punctate.
Membrane (macropterous form) exceeding tip of abdomen, Length,
4 — 4.2 mm.

Porter Co., Ind., May 5, scarce ; probably occurs only in the
Transition Life Zone of the northern fourth of the State.
Ranges from New England west to Wisconsin and Colorado, and
south to Maryland and Biscayne Bay, Fla. About White Plains,
N. Y., Bueno took it in early autumn by sweeping patches of
five-finger, Potentilla canadensis L., and also under boards.

320 (509). Hypogeocoris imperialis (Distant), 1882, 197.

Broadly oval, robust. Antennae, a large quadrate or transversely
oblong spot on middle of base of pronotum, scutellum and under surface,
except of head, black or piceous; head, front and side margins of pro-
notum, elytra except membrane, legs and under surface of head, dull
yellow often in part with a reddish tinge; membrane whitish-hyaline.
Pronotum with an elevated transverse almost smooth callus near front
margin, the dark median area behind this and also the scutellum very
coarsely punctate. Elytra entire; corium with three rows of punctures
near clavus and a few scattered ones near apex. Length, 3.5 — 4 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 7 — April 4; a half dozen specimens taken
from beneath gunny-sacks spread out along the margins of an
orange grove. Described from Guatemala and known hereto-
fore in this country only from Louisiana and Texas. Distant,
in his original description, states that the pronotum has a dou-
ble row of coarse punctures near front margin and that the
basal dark spot of pronotum is lunate, characters which do
not apply to the specimens at hand.

Subfamily V. PACHYGRONTHIN^E Stal, 1865, II, 121, 145.

Small, rather robust, oblong or elongate species having the
head more or less declivent, inserted in thorax to eyes ; pro-

380 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEWJE.

notum not sufficiently constricted or impressed to form two
distinct lobes, its hind margin straight; elytra punctate, the
punctures in evident rows; front femora much swollen and
armed beneath with several small unequal teeth or spines;
corium not wider than abdomen ; membrane with all the veins
running from the base, the two inner ones not connected.
Other characters as in subfamily key. Three genera are in-
cluded in the subfamily, two of which are represented in the
eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN' GENERA OF PACHYGRONTHIN.E.

a. Head strongly declivent, almost vertical; antennae with first joint
shortest, not reaching tip of tylus; scutellum subequilateral, not
calloused each side at base; clavus very narrow, its commissure
scarcely evident. I. Phlegyas, p 380.

aa. Head but feebly declivent; first antennal longest, much surpassing
tip of tylus; scutellum slightly longer than wide and with a pale
calloused spot each side of base; clavus wider, more so near apex,
its commissure distinct. II. CEdancala, p. 382.

I. Phlegyas Stal, 1865, II, 145.

Small oblong, robust species having the antennae but slightly
longer than pronotum, second joint longest, nearly three times
the length of first, third and fourth subequal ; cheeks not cari-
nate; front of head flattened; pronotum subtrapezoidal, but
slightly narrowed in front; elytra usually narrower than ab-
domen ; hind margin of corium feebly sinuate toward apex of
clavus, its outer apical angle rounded; connexivum usually
widely exposed. Female with fourth ventral very narrow at
middle, fifth with sides very long, narrowed and meeting be-
neath middle of fourth. Two species occur in the eastern
states.

KEY TO EASTERN" SPECIES OF PHLEGYAS.

a. Antenna? stout, second joint twice the length of first; color above
a nearly uniform dull brownish-yellow; form subcylindrical,
elongate, sides subparallel; membrane clear milky-white.

321. ANNULICRUS.

aa. Antenna? slender, second joint nearly three times the length of first;
color above in part fuscous; form stouter, more oblong; mem-
brane clouded with fuscous. 322. abbreviatus.

321 (511). Phlegyas annulicrus Stal, 1869, 230.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Above dull brownish-yellow, the
head and pronotum thickly clothed with silvery white pubscence; apical

SUBFAMILY V. — PACHYGRONTHIN^. 381

margin of corium with two fuscous dashes; hind margin of each con-
nexival black; antennae dull yellow, the first and second joints annulate
with blackish; under surface pale brown, thickly silvery-pubescent;
apical half of sixth ventral and some spots on sides and incisures
blackish; femora black, knees pale, tibiae annulate with black near apex.
Pronotum relatively longer and narrower than in abbreviatus, the trans-
verse impression wider and deeper; disk without median carina, densely
and finely punctate. Scutellum with carina fine but entire. Elytra in
macropterous form narrower than abdomen, reaching almost to its tip,
but leaving the connexivum widely exposed. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Black Mts., N. Car., Aug. 14 (Barber). Described from
"Carolina" and recorded from "Florida" (Barber, 1914) ; also
from New Jersey, Texas and California.

322 (513). Phlegyas abbreviatus (Uhler), 1876, 313.

Oblong, robust. Dull reddish-brown or brownish-yellow, the head,
middle of pronotum, scutellum and under surface, more or less densely
clothed with a fine iridescent yellowish-gray pubescence, this easily de-
nuded and often absent. Pronotum usually with a black transverse
band in front of middle and another across base, these often interrupted
to form black spots, sometimes wholly absent. Carina of scutellum,
margins of corium in part, entire dorsum and a spot on each connexival,
blackish; membrane whitish-hyaline, usually with some vague oblique
fuscous marks; antenna? reddish-brown or piceous, the incisures paler;
ventral surface of abdomen irregularly blotched with piceous; femora
black, their tips pale; tibiae black with a pale ring at base and another
at apical third. Beak reaching middle coxae. Pronotum subconvex,
thickly and coarsely punctate, the median carina very narrow, obsolete
toward base. Elytra dimorphic in length, in macropterous forms reach-
ing tip of abdomen and covering the connexivum, in the much more
abundant brachypterous ones only to third or fourth dorsal. Length,
3 — 5 mm.

Common in all parts of Indiana, occurring throughout the
year. Hibernates as imago beneath chunks and piles of rub-
bish and taken from April to October by sweeping weeds and
grass in meadows, pastures and waste places. Dunedin and
Moore Haven, Fla., scarce, March 24 — April 1 ; these being the
first definite locality records from that State. Sherborn, Mass.,
Sept. 20 (Frost). Ranges from Quebec and New England west
to Nebraska and Colorado and south and southwest to Florida
and Texas. In color, size and facies this species is exceedingly
variable. In one Indiana specimen at hand the elytra, except
a small spot near apex of corium, and also the membrane, are
wholly black. Only about one individual out of twenty is
macropterous.

382 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEWJE.

II. (Edancala Amyot & Serville, 1843, 258.

Elongate, rather robust species having the head slightly de-
clivent, longer than wide; antennae slender, first joint as long
or longer than head, its apex slightly enlarged ; cheeks carinate,
slightly reflexed, shorter than tylus ; beak reaching on to meso-
sternum ; pronotum trapezoidal, sides straight, evenly converg-
ing from base to apex, disk finely evenly punctate and with a
pale smooth median line; scutellum without a similar line;
elytra covering the abdomen and reaching its tip, hind margin
of corium straight. Females with fifth ventral as in Phlcgxas.
Two species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF 03DANCALA.

a. First joint of antennae almost or quite as long as second and third
united; front femora not darker beneath. 323. dorsilinea.

aa. First antennal scarcely two-thirds as long as second and third
united ; front femora shining black or piceous beneath.

324. dorsalis.

323 (514). (Edancala dorsilinea Amyot & Serville, 1843, 258.

Elongate, more slender than the next. Above pale brownish-yellow;
a short line between ocelli, median smooth line of pronotum and a short
oblique calloused spot each side of base of scutellum, pale yellow; hind
margin of corium with a dark dash near middle; under surface reddish-
brown, finely and densely silvery-pubescent; legs brownish-yellow, the
femora dotted with darker spots. First joint of antennae as long as
pronotum ; 2 — 4 much shorter, subequal. Pronotum longer and more
narrowed at apex than in dorsalis; disk more finely and closely punctate.
Front femora very strongly swollen, and armed beneath with two rows
of very short irregular black-tipped teeth. Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

Common throughout Florida, Nov. 22 — April 22. Yaphank,
Long Island, N. Y. (Davis). Taken by me at all collecting sta-
tions in Florida except Cape Sable and Key West, by sweeping
weeds and other vegetation along roadsides and borders of
fields ; also dead grasses in pine woods and along the borders
of wet-weather ponds. Ranges from New York southwest to
Florida and Texas. Berg (1879, 107) lists it from Argentina,
but according to Pennington (1920, 19) the species found there
is dorsalis Say. It is a longer, less bulky and paler species than
dorsalis, with pale spots on scutellum shorter and antennae very
different in relative length of joints.

324 (515). (Edancala dorsalis (Say) 1832, 17; 1,335.

Elongate, moderately robust. Above dull yellow tinged with red-
dish or fuscous; tylus, short line on vertex, median line and narrow side

SUBFAMILY VI. — OXYCARENIN^E.

383

margins of pronotum, elongate calloused spot each side of scutellum
and narrow edge of connexivum, pale reddish-yellow; disk of scutellum
and commissure blackish; beneath piceous, clothed with a very fine

grayish pubescence; legs pale brownish-
yellow, under surface of front femora shin-
ing black. Antennae with first joint about
one-third longer than the others, which are
subequal. Pronotum shorter than in dorsi-
linea, more coarsely, less densely punctate,
the median line not reaching base or apex.
Scutellum with irregular pale calloused
stripe each side extending almost to apex.
Connexivum in female often narrowly ex-
posed. Front femora as in dorsilinea, the
teeth more numerous and a little longer.
Length, 6—6.3 mm. (Fig. 81).

(Original

Frequent throughout Indiana, May
13 — Oct. 17. Taken by sweeping herb-
age in wet meadows, pastures and
waste places; also in late October in small colonies beneath
logs along the borders of woodland. Ranges from Quebec and
New England west to South Dakota and Colorado and south-
west to South Carolina, Oklahoma and Texas. Uhler (1877,
411) says that in the eastern states "it appears to be single-
brooded and is rarely found later than in the early part of
summer." Van Duzee (1888, 27) mentions it as breeding
about Buffalo, N. Y., on the fox-sedge, Carex vulpinoidea Michx.,
and other species of Carex and Cyperus, the young being found
in July. This species is considered by Stal (1874, 139) to be
a synonym of Lygceus crassimana Fabr. (1803, 233) from Can-
ada, but that was described as having the fore femora un-
armed. Until the type of crassimana can be compared, Say's
name should stand.

Subfamily VI. OXYCARENIN^E Stal 1862a, 212.

Small oval Lygaeids distinguished mainly by the characters
given in subfamily key. Two genera are included, one being
represented in the eastern states.

I. Crophius Stal, 1874, 141.

Elongate-oval or obovate species, widest behind and having
the head porrect, convex, densely punctate, slightly wider
across the eyes than front of pronotum ; antennae slender,
longer than head and pronotum united ; beak reaching middle

384

FAMILY XL — LYG,£ID;E.

of mesosternum ; pronotum subtrapezoidal, densely punctate,
feebly constricted near middle ; scutellum equilateral, punctate,
not carinate ; elytra punctate, surpassing the abdomen, costal
margin expanded, hyaline, feebly recurved ; membrane with
four nearly straight veins, its apex broadly rounded ; prester-
num not sulcate, meso- and metasterna distinctly sulcate ; front
femora moderately swollen, armed beneath with a single small
subapical tooth. Seven species are known from North Amer-
ica, but only one occurs in the eastern states.

325 (519). Crophius disconotus (Say), 1832, 14; I, 330.

Elongate-oval, slightly widened behind. Head, pronotum and scu-
tellum dark fuscous-brown, the hind lobe of pronotum
often paler; elytra whitish-hyaline, the punctures
and nerves fuscous; membrane whitish-hyaline, but
reflecting the black dorsum ; first and second an-
tennals reddish-brown, third and fourth blackish-
fuscous; abdomen dark brown, shining, broad hind
margin of metapleura white ; femora reddish-brown ;
tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, darker at base and tips.
Antennae with first joint short, stout, slightly pass-
ing tip of tylus; second slender, longer than third,
fourth longest, fusiform. Other characters as above.
Length, 3—3.7 mm. (Fig. 82).

Fig. 82, X 9.
(After Van Duzee).

Roselle Park, N. J., April 25 (Barber). Not
taken, but should occur in Indiana. Ranges
from Quebec and New England west to Missouri and southwest
to Alabama. Recorded also by Uhler from Utah and Califor-
nia. Van Duzee once found it in numbers in September on
goldenrod.

Subfamily VII. RHYPAROCHROMIN^E Stal, 1862a, 210.

The characters set forth in the key, p. 339, are the principal
ones of importance separating this subfamily of Lygseidse from
those preceding. Our eastern species have the first two seg-
ments of beak united much longer than head, the first one alone
as long or almost as long as head ; ocelli not widely separated ;
females with fifth and sixth ventrals much narrowed toward
middle, not obliquely prolonged forward as in preceding sub-
families, but nearly vertical, the tips of the sixth meeting on
the median line of the apically compressed abdomen. It is by
far the largest of the subfamilies, comprising all the remain-
ing species of the family, or more than all the others combined.
For convenience of treatment Barber (1918, 71), following

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E. 385

Stal, separates the subfamily into six tribes. Of these five are
represented in North America and the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN TRIBES OP SUBFAMILY RHYPAROCHROMINvE.

a. Fourth ventral with the two small glandular opaque spots near side
margin widely separated, the hind one much nearer the hind
margin of the segment than to the front spot (fig. 70).
b. Pronotum with side margins of front lobe obtusely rounded or
terete, never carinate or laminate-expanded ; disk of pronotum
usually strongly constricted transversely to form two distinct
lobes, the front one usually with a ring-like collar behind front
margin. Tribe I. Myodochini, p. 385.

bb. Pronotum with side margins of front lobe not obtuse or terete, but
carinate or laminate-expanded ; disk of pronotum rarely strongly
constricted transversely to form two lobes, or if so, the front
one rarely with a collar and the head then strongly exserted.
c. Side margins of pronotum carinate, not laminate-expanded; pro-
notum usually wholly black or reddish-brown, the hind lobe
rarely paler; head deeply inserted in thorax, rarely (Ozophora)
more exserted and the pronotum then with a collar ; hind tibia?
usually pilose without rigid bristles.

Tribe II. Rhyparochromini, p. 414.
cc. Side margins of pronotum and in part the costal margin of corium
laminate-expanded and usually in part pale; pronotum with
hind lobe usually pale or variegated with pale; hind tibia? fur-
nished with long rigid bristles.
d. Three basal segments of antenna? without rigid bristles ; nar-
rowly expanded side margins of pronotum not or very sparsely
punctate ; disk of front lobe of pronotum usually smooth or
sparsely punctate. Tribe III. Beosini, p. 423.

dd. Three basal segments of antenna? provided with rigid setose
bristles ; widely expanded side margins and disk of pronotum
and corium usually thickly punctate.

Tribe IV. Gonianotini, p. 428.
aa. Fourth ventral with the posterior glandular opaque spot on sides
placed more closely to front spot than the hind margin of the
segment, sometimes the segment with a third spot near hind
margin; side margin of pronotum usually expanded, often more so
between the lobes. Tribe V. Leth^eini, p. 429.

Tribe I. MYODOCHINI Stal, 1872b, 51.

This tribe, as characterized in the above key, comprises spe-
cies less depressed and more narrowly elongate than those in
the tribes which follow. The tribe is represented in the eastern
states by twelve of its fourteen known North American genera.

KEY TO EASTERN' GENERA OF MYODOCHINI.

a. Head very elongate, its base drawn out into a long cylindrical neck;
the two lobes of pronotum subequal in length, front one with a
distinct collar (fig. 83). I. Myodocha, p. 387.

386 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEWJE.

aa. Head never extended behind into a long curved neck.

b. Pronotum usually constricted at or slightly behind the middle,
the front lobe black and (except in some Ptochiomera) never
more than twice as long as hind one (fig. 69).
c. Head not inserted in thorax to eyes; front lobe of pronotum with
a constricted ring-like collar; body more or less elongate.
d. Head strongly exserted forming a short neck at base, the post-
ocular space about four times as long as that between base of
antenna? and eye (fig. 84) ; eyes placed at or near middle of
head. II. Her^us, p. 389.

dd. Head much less exserted, usually strongly contracted just be-
hind eyes, the postocular space subequal to that between base
of antennas and eye."'"
e. Front lobe of pronotum globose, almost the diameter and about
twice the length of hind one; head and front lobe of pronotum
shining; scutellum much longer than wide.

III. Sph^erobius, p. 391.
ee. Front lobe of pronotum less globose, narrower than the hind
one; head and pronotum seldom shining.
/. The two lobes of pronotum separated by a deep clean cut,
transverse constriction ; first joint of beak not reaching
base of head.
y. Second and third ventrals furnished each side with a nar-
row, lunate, very finely strigose, opaque area '(fig. 70).

IV. Ligyrocoris, p. 392.
gg. Second and third ventrals without lunate strigose areas.

V. Orth^ea, p. 397.
//. The two lobes of pronotum separated by a shallow obtuse con-
striction; first joint of beak reaching base of head.
h. Form of body narrowly elongate with long legs; basal joint
of hind tarsus, fully three times as long as the others
united; hind tibiae with rigid bristles only.

VI. Zeridoneus, p. 403.
hh. Form of body more broadly oval with shorter legs; basal
joint of hind tarsus not more than twice as long as the
others united; hind tibiae with long setose hairs and with
a few bristles near apex. VII. Perigenes, p. 404.

cc. Head inserted in thorax to eyes ; pronotum without a constricted
ring-like collar, sometimes with the front margin depressed or
furnished with a row of punctures; clavus with two or three
rows of punctures; pronotum strongly constricted to form two
lobes, both of which are punctate.
i. First antennal surpassing tip of tylus by half or more its
length; front margin of pronotum depressed, punctate; sur-
face not shining.
j. Third and fourth antennals not or but slightly thicker than
second ; front lobe of pronotum convex, transverse, nearly
as wide as hind one. VIII. Tomopelta, p. 405.

B0Except in Orthcea longifl.ua (Dull.) and Perif/enes constrictus (Say).

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^.

387

jj. Fourth, and usually the third antennal, distinctly thicker than
second (fig. 86) ; front lobe of pronotum (except in anten-
nata) subcylindrical or subglobose, distinctly narrower than
hind one. IX. Ptochiomera. p. 406.

ii. First antennal scarcely surpassing tylus ; front margin of pro-
notum not depressed ; surface very shining.

X. KOLONETRUS, p. 411.

bb. Front lobe of pronotum three or four times as long as hind one,
the constriction between the two shallow and ill-defined; head
not inserted in thorax to eyes.
k. Front lobe of pronotum impunctate, separated from the hind one
by an impressed line and provided with a ring-like collar; ocelli
absent; basal segment of hind tarsus three times as long as
the others united; length, 7 or more mm. XL Chemodus, p. 411.
kk. Front lobe of pronotum sparsely punctate, separated from the
hind one by an obtuse sinus, its front margin depressed, punc-
tate; ocelli present; basal segment of hind tarsus twice the
length of others united ; length not more than 6 mm.

XII. PSEUDOCNEMODUS, p. 413.

I. Myodocha Latreille, 1807, 126.

Elongate, slender species having the head oval, pointed,
longer than pronotum, drawn out behind into a long curved
neck ; eyes prominent, coarsely facetted ; beak reaching meso-
sternum, its first two joints not reaching base of head ; pro-
notum bell-shaped, its front lobe much the narrower ; scutellum
elongate-triangular, apex acute ; elytra punctate, as wide as
abdomen and reaching its tip; first joint of hind tarsus three

times as long as others united. Two of
the seven known species occur in our
territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MYODOCHA.

a. Fourth antennal wholly dark; elytra
brown with pale margin.

326. SERRIPES.

aa. Fourth antennal with a broad yellowish
ring behind the middle; elytra piceous,
the basal half of costal margin nar-
rowly pale. 327. annulicornis.

326 (526). Myodocha serripes Olivier, 1811,
106.
Head and under surface shining black;
pronotum and scutellum fuscous - black,
opaque; elytra reddish-brown, the costal mar-
gin and two small spots near apical margin

Fiz.

X 4. (After Lugger)

388 FAMILY XI. — LYG^EID^:.

of corium yellow; membrane brown with a vague pale spot near apex;
second and third antennals pale reddish-brown, first and fourth darker;
legs yellow, the apical third of front and hind femora darker. Anten-
nae with first joint slightly passing tip of tylus, second very slender,
longest; fourth stouter, slightly longer than third. Front lobe of pro-
notum impunctate, hind one with coarse sparse punctures. Scutellum
with a row of punctures each side and some scattered ones on disk.
Front femora armed beneath near apex with two large and several small
spines. Front tibiae of male slightly curved near base, armed with a
single small tooth. Other characters as given above. Length, 8 — 9.5
mm. (Fig. 83).

Common in southern Indiana, much less so in the northern
counties ; occurs throughout the year. Hibernates both as
imago and nymph beneath various kinds of cover, especially
in dry loamy or sandy soil in open upland woods. Often occurs
beneath logs in company with Casnonia pennsylvanica L., a ground
beetle of somewhat similar form. They are the most bizarre
species of their respective groups and when their protective
cover is removed, unless benumbed with cold, they run hur-
riedly away, their slender necks and long swaying antennae giv-
ing them an odd appearance as they go. Both bug and beetle
are almost exclusively terrestrial in habit and are said to be
predaceous. Their long slender necks have perhaps been de-
veloped through the reaching into crevices in search of prey.
The known range of M. serripes extends from New England
west to Nebraska and Colorado and south and southwest to
Texas and Mexico. It has been recorded from "Florida" by
Uhler, and Van Duzee (1909, 171) mentions the taking of "a
small larva" at St. Petersburg. These records should probably
be referred to annulicomis described below. It is not known
from Canada and from the records is very scarce in northern
New York and Michigan. Uhler (1878, 388) mentions it as
"Occasionally common in stubble fields after the wheat and
oats have been removed ; sometimes also in the straw stored in
barns. It may be found hibernating in winter beneath stones,
logs and leaves or in stumps of trees behind loose bark." The
M. petiola Say (1832, 19) is a synonym.

327 ( — ). Myodocha annulicornis sp. nov.

Differs from serripes in having the elytra darker with pale costal
margin less distinct; joint 4 of antennae subequal in length to 3, broadly
annulate with pale yellow, the apical third and extreme base above
darker, joint 1 dark reddish-brown, 2 and 3 paler, the apical fourth of

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E. 389

3 blackish; membrane without pale spots and those of corium vague or
wanting. Hind lobe of pronotum more coarsely punctate. Length, 9 —
9.5 mm.

Described from a dozen or more specimens taken at Orange
City Junction, R. P. Park and Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 15 — April 5.
At Dunedin they have been found at intervals throughout the
winter beneath piles of dead leaves of cabbage palmetto and
other plant debris close to the bay front. At the Park they
were beaten from dead leaves of royal palm in the dense ham-
mock on Paradise Key. This species is apparently closely al-
lied to the Mexican M. longicollis Stal (1874, 146), in which the
last antennal is annulate but the front tibiae of male straight
and unarmed.

II. Her^us Stal, 1862, 314.

Small, elongate species having the head oval, exserted and
tapering to a distinct neck; antennas reaching middle of scutel-
lum, first joint but slightly exceeding tip of tylus, third and
fourth subequal, second longer ; beak reaching middle of meso-
sternum, its first joint shorter than base of head ; front lobe of
pronotum subglobose, narrower and slightly longer than hind
one ; scutellum elongate-triangular, its apex acute ; elytra
(macropterous forms) covering the abdomen and reaching its
tip ; front femora swollen and armed beneath with two rows of
short irregular spines ; hind femora with fine stiff bristles ;
basal joint of hind tarsi about as long as the others united.
Four species are known from North America, two from the
eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OP HER.BUS.

«. Head, front lobe of pronotum and scutellum reddish-brown; fourth
antennal with a broad pale ring; legs wholly pale brownish-yel-
low. 328. TRIGUTTATUS.
aa. Head, front lobe of pronotum and scutellum black or dull brown;
fourth antennal without pale ring; front femora in part piceous.

329. PLEBEJUS.

328 (527). Her^eus triguttatus (Guerin), 1857, 400.

Elongate, subparallel. Above reddish-brown; corium with apex
black and a vague fuscous cross-bar at apical third, behind which is a
distinct yellowish spot; membrane black; antenna? pale reddish-brown,
the fourth joint fuscous at base and apex; under surface reddish-brown,
the last three ventrals darker. Joint 1 of antenna? exceeding tylus by one-
third its length. Head very finely and densely strigose-punctate. Scu-
tellum and hind lobe of pronotum rather sparsely, coarsely and irregu-

390

FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^E.

larly punctate, the former with an obtuse V-shape ridge smooth. Clavus
and corium with regular rows of punctures, the latter with numerous
others on apical half. Length, 7 — 8 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Fla., March 16 ; two specimens beaten from
dead leaves of royal palm lying in a pathway of the dense ham-
mock on Paradise Key. Described from Cuba. Taken in
Florida heretofore only at Biscayne Bay.

329 (528). Her^eus plebejus Stal, 1874, 147.

Narrowly elongate; thinly clothed with short, yellowish pubescence.
Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum and under surface dull brown-
ish- or blackish-piceous; hind lobe of pro-
notum and elytra dark reddish-brown, their
margins and tip of scutellum paler; disk
of corium with some vague yellowish spots
near hind margin, its apex fuscous ; mem-
brane brown, its nerves paler; antenna? red-
dish-brown, the fourth joint and apex of
third darker; front femora reddish-brown
to piceous, middle and hind femora and all
tibiae pale yellow, the femora with a dark
subapical ring. Scutellum and hind lobe
of pronotum sparsely and finely punctate,
the former with an obtuse median smooth
line. Corium and clavus with more or less
regular rows of punctures. Other charac-
ters as in generic description. Length,
4.5—5.5 mm. (Fig. 84).

Marion, Vigo, Posey and Perry
Fig. 84, (original), counties, Ind. , April 10— Oct. 13.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., March 15— Sept. 1 (W.S.B.).
Sherborn, Mass., Oct. 18 (Frost). Scarce in Indiana, where it
occurs beneath stones and rubbish and is occasionally swept
from foliage, especially sumac. Single specimens were taken
at Dunedin at porch light on each of the dates mentioned, and
numerous others in the winter by beating Spanish moss and the
dead leaves of cabbage palmetto. The only other Florida rec-
ords are Sanford and Everglade, April. Ranges from Massa-
chusetts west to southern Indiana and Kansas and southwest
to Florida, Texas and Arizona. Van Duzee found it near Buf-
falo, N. Y., "concealed in moss in January," so that in the
north it probably hibernates as imago. One of the Indiana
specimens was once named by Uhler as Heroeus orbicollis Uhler.

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E. 391

III. Sph^robius Uhler, 1893, 710.

Elongate, moderately slender species having the head broad-
er across the eyes than front lobe of pronotum and without
distinct neck; beak reaching middle coxae; pronotum as in
key, the transverse constriction deep; elytra (brachypterous)
reaching middle of fourth or fifth dorsal ; front femora much
swollen and armed beneath on inner side with a number of
short teeth ; hind tibiae with rigid bristles ; basal joint of hind
tarsi nearly three times as long as the others united. Three
species are known, two occurring in our territory.

KEY TO SPECIES OF SPH.EROBIUS.

a. Head and front lobe of pronotum with erect bristly hairs ; third and
fourth joints of antenna? subequal in length; eorium without dull
white striae; smaller, length 5 — 6 mm. 330. INSIGNIS.

aa. Head and pronotum without erect hairs; fourth antennal one-fourth
longer than third ; eorium with four dull white stria? diverging
from base and reaching to beyond middle; larger, length, 7.5 — 8
mm. 331. quadristriatus.

330 (531). Sph^erobius insignis (Uhler), 1872, 407.

Head and front lobe of pronotum shining black: hind lobe of pro-
notum, scutellum, a large subquadrate spot behind middle and apex of
eorium piceous-black; base of eorium and a transverse spot at apical
fourth dull white; antenna? reddish-brown, the fourth joint and apex
of third blackish ; under surface shining black, thickly clothed with
minute prostrate yellowish-gray pubescence; hind margin of meta-
pleura white; femora piceous, tibia? and tarsi paler. Hind lobe of pro-
notum sparsely and finely punctate, strongly declivent to the deep con-
striction. Scutellum similarly punctate, nearly one-half longer than wide
at base. Other characters as above given. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Georgetown, Colo., July 27 (Gerhard). Uhler's types were
from "Utah, Colorado, Canada and Minnesota," but it occurs
also in Maine and New Hampshire though not known in our
territory west of these two states. According to Uhler, speci-
mens "occasionally occur with chestnut-red pronotum," and in
macropterous forms the elytra are somewhat longer than ab-
domen.

331 (532). Sph^erobius quadristriatus Barber, 1911a, 24.

Head and front lobe of pronotum shining, impunctate; scutellum,
membrane except tip and sterna beneath dully sooty black; hind lobe of
pronotum, ventral surface of abdomen and legs dark brown, the bases
of femora and tarsi paler; eorium dark brown with four whitish rays as
mentioned in key and a prominent white triangular spot near apex; an-

392 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^E.

terms reddish-brown, the fourth joint and apex of third darker. Hind
lobe of pronotum about one-third the length and but slightly wider than
front one, its disk finely and rather closely punctate. Scutellum with
apical half finely transversely rugose, punctate at sides, vaguely cari-
nate. Elytra reaching middle of fifth dorsal. Length, 7.5 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., July 4 (Barber). Described from there
and recorded elsewhere only from Quebec. Beaten from small
pines, which were partly scorched from fire.

IV. Ligyrocoris Stal, 1872b, 51.

Elongate, rather robust species having the head porrect,
wider across eyes than front lobe of pronotum and without
distinct neck behind ; beak reaching middle coxae, its first joint
not reaching base of head, third nearly twice the length of
fourth ; bucculae very short, not reaching base of antennae,
sometimes wanting; antennae (in our eastern species) with
basal joint surpassing tip of tylus, fully or nearly as long as
basal joint of beak, third and fourth almost subequal in length,
second longest ; pronotum with front lobe narrower and less
than twice the length of hind one ; scutellum usually much
longer than wide at base ; elytra as wide as abdomen ; connex-
ivum net exposed ; front femora swollen and armed beneath,
usually on inner side only, with a few teeth of unequal length ;
basal segment of hind tarsi usually more than twice the length
of others united ; second and third ventrals strigose as stated
in key.

In old or greasy specimens the primary character of a "de-
nuded densely and very delicately strigose vitta" each side of
second and third ventrals (fig. 70), is often very difficult
to see. In clean fresh ones it is plainly visible. More than
twenty species are known, eight of which occur in the eastern
states.

KEY TO EASTERN* SPECIES OF LIGYROCORIS.

a. Corium without a transverse dark bar behind the middle, its nar-
row costal margin wholly pale.
b. Ventral lunate strigose area much obscured by a coating of fine
hairs; front and hind lobes of pronotum of nearly equal width;
outer basal angle and basal veins of membrane pale.

332. OBSCURUS.
66. Ventral strigose area not obscured by hairs; hind lobe of prono-
tum wider than front one; membrane either streaked through
the middle or much mottled with pale.
c. Front lobe of pronotum with few or no erect hairs, distinctly

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E. 393

longer than hind lobe; membrane broadly streaked with pale
through the middle; second antennal nearly three times the
length of first. 333. depictus.

cc. Front lobe of pronotum with scattered erect hairs, exclusive of
collar only slightly longer than hind lobe; membrane spotted
with pale; second antennal about twice the length of first.

334. LITIGIOSUS.

aa. Corium with a transverse dark bar just behind the middle which
interrupts in part or wholly the pale costal margin.
d. Fourth joint of antennae with broad pale ring at base.
e. Front femora with only the inner edge of lower surface armed;
second joint of antenna? more than twice the length of first
one; basal joint of hind tarsus more than twice as long as
others united; dark bar of corium with outer end not reaching
costal margin. 335. abdominalis.

ee. Front femora with inner edge armed with spines and outer one
apically with a few small teeth; second joint of antennae
scarcely twice the length of first; basal joint of hind tarsus
not twice as long as others united ; dark bar of corium with
outer end truncate and reaching costal margin.

336. MULTISPINUS.
dd. Fourth joint of antennae without a pale ring at base.

/. Head above and below dull red; membrane entirely fuscous; front
lobe of pronotum impunctate and without erect hairs.

337. SLOSSONI.
//. Head wholly fuscous; membrane with at least the basal veins
pale; front lobe of pronotum with scattered punctures bearing
erect hairs.
g. Front lobe of pronotum and fore femora with but few erect hairs ;
dark markings of corium fuscous or piceous, the outer end of
transverse bar reaching costal margin ; membrane with dis-
tinct pale spot at apex. 338. sylvestris.
gg. Front lobe of pronotum and fore femora with numerous scat-
tered erect hairs ; markings of corium dark reddish- or chest-
nut-brown, the end of transverse bar not reaching costal mar-
gin; membrane with veins only mostly pale. 339. diffusus.

332 ( — ). Ligyrocoris OBSCURUS Barber, 1921a, 102.

Elongate-oval, rather robust. Head, front lobe of pronotum and
under surface dull black; upper surface of head and ventral one of ab-
domen densely clothed with short prostrate yellow pubescence; basal
lobe of pronotum in great part, scutellum and elytra fuscous, tinged
with reddish-brown; basal angles of pronotum, tip of scutellum, a small
spot near apex of commissure and entire costal margin of corium, pale
yellow; antenna? pale yellow, the fourth joint, apex of third and ex-
treme base of first fuscous ; legs dull yellow, the femora with apical third
or more in part fuscous. Head and pronotum with scattered erect hairs.
Pronotum with front lobe subglobose, impunctate, slightly wider than
long; hind lobe transverse, subdepressed, finely irregularly punctate.
Scutellum punctate along the sides, obtusely keeled toward apex. Front

394 FAMILY XI. — LYG^EID^.

femora armed on outer edge beneath with three spines and some small
teeth, on inner one with several minute subapical teeth. Hind tibiae with
numerous erect spines. Length, 7.5 — 8.5 mm.

Marion and Vigo counties, Ind., Aug. 12 — Sept. 28. Swept
from flowers of white snake-root, Eupatorium ageratoides L., and
other Compositse along the wooded slopes of streams. De-
scribed from Maryland, Illinois and Kansas. Of it Barber says :
"Very similar in appearance to Zeridoneus costalis (Van D.), but
the latter without lunate strigose vittse and with basal joint of
antennae fuscous and posterior lobe of pronotum with two or
three median longitudinal paler streaks."

333 ( — ). Ligyrocoris depictus Barber, 1921a, 109.

Elongate-oval. Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum and under
surface dull black, the head and ventral surface of abdomen thickly
clothed with prostrate yellow hairs ; hind lobe of pronotum and corium
in great part dark reddish-brown, the former with the nodulose hind
angles, the latter with a vague spot near inner apical angle and the
entire costal margin, straw-yellow; antennae with fourth joint and apical
half of third dark brown, remainder pale reddish-brown; legs and hind
margin of metapleura pale brownish-yellow. Third and fourth antennals
subequal, second one-third longer than either. Front lobe of pronotum
subcylindrical, nearly twice as long and but slightly narrower than
hind one, the latter finely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra usually
slightly shorter than abdomen. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Bear Swamp, Ramapo Mts., N. J., July 25 (Barber). Known
only from New Jersey, Massachusetts and Connecticut. Re-
sembles very closely L. diffusus (Uhl.), but front lobe of pro-
notum longer, more cylindrical and devoid of erect hairs, an-
tennal segments longer and elytra without a postmedian trans-
verse dark bar.

334 (539). Ligyrocoris litigiosus (Stal), 1862, 313.

Elongate-oblong, sides subparallel. Head, except tylus, front lobe
of pronotum, scutellum and under surface blackish-brown; collar of
front lobe and margins and three narrow stripes on hind lobe of pro-
notum, dull yellow; corium dull yellow punctate with fuscous, the costal
margin and an oblique bar in front of apical margin straw-yellow;
membrane brown with numerous small vague pale spots; legs and an-
tennae pale dull yellow, the fourth antennal and apical fifth of hind
femora darker. Structural characters as in diffusus, the erect hairs
of pronotum fewer. Length, 5 — 6.2 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Fla., Dec. 12 — 14 ; two specimens taken
beneath boards along the margins of the everglades (II '. 5". B.) .
Huachaca Mts., Arizona, July 10 (Barber). A neotropical

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E. 395

species described from Mexico and taken by Mrs. Slosson at
Biscayne Bay, Fla. Resembles diffusus, very closely but differs
in its smaller, more parallel form, pale collar, more evident
pale stripes of hind lobe of pronotum and lack of postmedian
cross-bar of elytra.

335 (540). Ligyrocoris abdominalis (Guerin), 1857, 397.

Elongate, robust. Head, front lobe of pronotum, seutellum and un-
der surface dull black, more or less clothed with fine appressed yellow-
ish pubescence, all except under surface and also the front femora bear-
ing numerous long, erect brownish hairs ; hind lobe of pronotum piceous,
with usually the hind angles and three short stripes on middle paler;
corium in great part piceous-brown, its costal margin to transverse
dark bar and a small spot opposite apex of clavus, pale yellow; membrane
fuscous, with a small pale spot near tip of corium; antennas with first
joint, usually the tips of second and third and apical half or more of
fourth, fuscous, remainder pale yellow; legs pale yellow, the greater
part of fore femora and apical fourth of the others, except knees, black.
Pronotum with front lobe subglobose, distinctly narrower and but little
longer than hind one, the latter sparsely irregularly punctate. Seu-
tellum much longer than wide, disk punctate along the sides and near
base, a vague median transverse elevation and apical longitudinal keel
smooth. Front femora with lower inner edge armed with two long
teeth and several smaller ones between and in front of them. Length,
7 — 8 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 1 — April 3. Frequent on both islands
and mainland ; on the former taken from between the leaf -axils
and stems of a tall thistle ; on the latter by sweeping in open
pine woods and especially by beating dead leaves of cabbage
palmetto along the edges of gardens. A species of southern
range, described from Cuba and previously recorded from Ft.
Myers, Biscayne Bay and Lake Worth, Fla. Known also from
Texas, Mexico, Venezuela and Brazil. The elytra in my speci-
mens are mainly fuscous, not "pale stramineous yellow" as
described by Barber (1921a, 110). The end of the dark trans-
verse fascia across them is oval or rounded in outline and does
not attain the extreme edge of costal margin.

336 (541). Ligyrocoris multispinus Stal, 1874, 145.

Shorter and narrower than abdominalis. Color paler, the head,
front lobe of pronotum and sterna brownish-piceous; hind lobe of pro-
notum, seutellum, elytra and ventral surface of abdomen reddish-brown;
corium with two small spots near hind margin, and the costal margin
in great part, pale yellow; membrane brown, the margin and some of
the veins pale; legs pale yellow, femora dotted with brown. Head and
pronotum with numerous erect reddish-brown hairs. Fourth joint of

396 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^.

antennae one-fourth longer than third, almost as long as second. Other
characters as in key. Length, 6 — 7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Sept. 1 ; taken at porch light. Recorded from
Sanford by Van Duzee and from Everglade and Ft. Myers by
Barber, the latter's L. confraternus being a synonym. Described
by Stal from Mexico, and ranges from southern Florida south
to Venezuela and Argentina.

337 (535). Ligyrocoris slossoni Barber, 1914, 513; 1924b, 135.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Head, dull red; front lobe of pro-
notum (except collar), scutellum, transverse bar of elytra and under
surface dark chestnut- to blackish-brown; collar and hind lobe of pro-
notum, femora and basal portion of antennae reddish-brown ; corium dull
yellow with fuscous dots, the costal margin to transverse dark bar and
a triangular spot near apex straw-yellow; legs reddish-brown, the tibiae
somewhat paler; fourth antennal and apical half of third fuscous. Sec-
ond and fourth antennals subequal, third a little shorter. Pronotum
with front lobe impunctate and without setae, exclusive of collar, but
slightly longer and distinctly narrower than hind one, the constriction
between the two very strong; hind lobe rather coarsely, sparsely and
very unevenly punctate. Scutellum with only one row of punctures each
side of apical half, its median carina subobsolete. Length, 5 — 6.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 14 ; a single female taken by beating
dead leaves of oak near the bay beach. Known otherwise only
from the unique male type taken by Mrs. Slosson at Lake
Worth, Fla.

338 (537). Ligyrocoris sylvestris (Linnaeus), 1758, 449.

Elongate, slender. Head, front lobe of pronotum and scutellum dull
black or piceous and bearing a few short stiff erect hairs ; basal lobe of
pronotum, clavus, transverse bar across corium and apex of the latter
reddish-brown to fuscous; costal margin of corium pale yellow, broadly
and completely interrupted by the dark transverse bar; membrane dark
brown, a spot at apex and the veins at base pale; antennae pale yellow,
the fourth joint and apex of third fuscous; under surface piceous-black,
the abdomen densely clothed with fine short grayish-yellow pubescence;
legs pale yellow, the femora often in part darker. Pronotum with front
lobe subcylindrical, nearly twice as long and but slightly narrower than
hind one, the diameter at collar subequal to that of constriction between
the two lobes; hind lobe sparsely and finely punctate. Membrane about
reaching apex of abdomen, male; to middle of sixth dorsal, female.
Length, 4.7 — 5.5 mm.

Vigo and Crawford counties, Ind., July 1 — Aug. 30 (W.S.
B.). Willow Springs and Palos Park, 111., July 4 — Aug. 21 {Ger-
hard). Not taken, but doubtless occurs, in northern Indiana.
The single Vigo County specimen was found on the ground be-

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E. 397

neath a maple tree and was covered with plant lice, while the
one from Crawford County was swept from goldenrod. It is an
Old World species of northern distribution, occurring in this
country from Quebec and New England west to North Dakota
and Vancouver and south to New Jersey, where it is scarce.
Recorded also from New Mexico. According to Barber (1921a,
113) the Pamera contractu Say (I, 332) is a synonym of sylvestris.
It was first so placed by Stal (1874, 145), who also made the
next species, diffusus Uhl., a synonym of sylvestris. In these con-
clusions he was followed by Uhler, Horvath and other authors,
but not by Van Duzee, who, in his Catalogue, retains both con-
tractus and diffusus as distinct. This confusion in synonymy
makes it impossible to fix by previous records an accurate
limit to the distribution of either species.

339 (538). Ligyrocoris diffusus (Uhler), 1871, 101.

Elongate-oval; averaging larger and more robust than sylvestris.
Color much as there, but the elytra a paler reddish-brown, with the
transverse dark bar less clearly defined, its ends not reaching the edge
of costal margin of corium; hind lobe of pronotum with hind angles
and often three vague stripes on disk, pale ; corium with a small pale
spot near its inner apical angle; membrane pale brown with veins and
some vague markings on sides paler; legs pale reddish brown, the tips
of hind femora usually darker. Pronotum with front lobe much less
than twice the length and distinctly narrower than hind one, the diam-
eter at collar plainly less than that of constriction between the lobes ;
hind lobe and scutellum finely and sparsely punctate. Membrane reach-
ing or slightly surpassing tip of abdomen in both sexes. Length, 5.2 — 7
mm. (Fig. 69).

Frequent in the northern half of Indiana, not taken south
of Marion and Vigo counties ; June 5 — Oct. 1. Taken by sweep-
ing tall grasses and other herbage along the margins of wet
meadows and marshes. Ranges from Quebec and New Eng-
land west to North Dakota and Colorado, and southwest to
North Carolina, Arizona and California. The majority of the
records, even by Uhler himself, have been made under the name
of L. sylvestris L., treated above. The two species are very simi-
lar in general facies, but can be readily separated by the key
and descriptions as given above.

V. ORTHiEA Dallas, 1852, 580.

Small, elongate or oblong, slender species, having the head
porrect or nearly so, broader across the eyes than front mar-

398 FAMILY XI. — LYG^EIDjE.

gin of pronotum ; antennae slender, longer than head and pro-
notum united, basal joint shortest, surpassing tip of tylus, sec-
ond more slender, slightly longer than the others ; beak reach-
ing middle coxae, its first joint not reaching base of head ; pro-
notum strongly constricted, front lobe subcylindrical, longer
than hind one, scarcely longer than wide, its collar distinct ;
scutellum usually elongate-triangular, its apex acute ; elytra
as wide as abdomen, usually entire and reaching or slightly sur-
passing its tip, costal margin straight, feebly reflexed ; front
femora strongly swollen, armed beneath with one or two rows
of spines or teeth ; tarsi with basal joint about twice as long
as the others united.

Our species of the genus have been mostly treated under the
name Pamera Say, which Van Duzee (1914, 382) showed was
preoccupied. Except in its members being narrower, less ro-
bust, and lacking the strigose areas of ventrals, the genus
scarcely differs from Ligyrocoris. Ten species have in the past
been presumably recorded from our territory, but two of them,
vicina (Dall.) and dallasi (Dist.), are at present unknown and
are not included in the following key. Both were recorded by
Dallas from "North America" without definite locality.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ORTH^EA.

a. Corium with costal area, except at apex, wholly pale, not inter-
rupted by a dark bar behind the middle.
&. Corium without a conspicuous oval pale spot near inner apical
angle; front lobe of pronotum about twice as long as hind one;
head rather strongly exserted ; form very elongate ; length 5.7
or more mm. (Subgenus Paromius Fieb.). 340. longulus.

bb. Corium with a small but conspicuous oval pale spot near inner
apical angle; front lobe of pronotum not over one and one-half
times as long as hind one; head much less exserted; form much
less elongate; length less than 5 mm. (Subgenus Orthsea Dall.).
r. Hind margin of corium wholly black or piceous; femora wholly
pale. 341. vincta.

cc. Hind margin of corium pale; femora, at least the hind ones, with
dark markings.
d. Pronotum moderately constricted slightly behind the middle, the
front lobe with sides but slightly curved, convergent; front
femora pale, hind ones with a preapical dark ring.

342. FRACTICOLLIS.

dd. Pronotum sharply and strongly constricted well behind the mid-
dle, the sides of front lobe distinctly curved.
e. Front lobe of pronotum transverse, widest at middle and with
fine suberect pubescence; pale markings of upper surface in-
distinct or wanting; front femora reddish-brown.

343. LURIDA.

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMINiE. 399

ee. Front lobe of pronotum more elongate, widest behind middle
and with sparse subprostrate pubescence ; pale markings of
upper surface very distinct; front femora, except knees,
piceous.
/. Hind lobe of pronotum finely, sparsely and evenly punctate,
distinctly wider than front one; front tibiae only slightly
curved except near base. 344. basalis.

ff. Hind lobe of pronotum more coarsely, rugosely and unevenly
punctate, scarcely wider than middle of front one; front
tibiae strongly curved throughout. 345. curvipes.

era. Pale costal area of corium interrupted behind the middle by the
ends of a fuscous or piceous cross-bar.
g. Fourth joint of antennae wholly fuscous; general color dark red-
dish brown or fuscous; front of head evidently declivent.

346. BILOBATA.

gg. Fourth antennal pale at base; general color pale reddish-brown;

head porrect. 347. servillei.

340 (546). Orth/ea longulus (Dallas), 1852, 578.

Elongate, very slender. Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum
and under surface dull black or piceous, in fresh specimens thickly
clothed with fine grayish-yellow appressed pubescence; basal lobe of
pronotum reddish-brown with fuscous punctures, the hind angles paler;
corium and clavus dull white with rows of reddish-brown or fuscous
punctures, a triangular smooth pale area near inner apical angle; mem-
brane whitish-hyaline; antennae reddish-brown, the fourth joint and
apex of third, fuscous; legs pale reddish-brown, the front femora and
third joint of tarsi darker. Second and fourth antennals subequal in
length, third slightly shorter. Pronotum with front lobe subcylindrical,
impunctate, slightly longer than wide; hind one declivent to the obtuse
constriction, finely, sparsely irregularly punctate. Scutellum with a
row of punctures each side, its disk with a vague transverse submedian
elevation, behind which is an obtuse longitudinal median keel. Front
femora armed beneath with two rows of short irregular spines. Other
characters as in key. Length, 5.7 — 6.8 mm.

Occurs throughout Florida; taken Oct. 25 — April 26, at
nearly all collecting stations, and recorded from numerous
others. Agricultural College, Miss. {Weed). Hibernates in
bunches of Spanish moss, in crevices of dead leaves of cabbage
palmetto and beneath rubbish on ground. In spring taken by
sweeping weeds and grasses in moist soil. A neotropical species
ranging from North Carolina to Florida and Texas. Occurs
also in Mexico, South America and the West Indies. Usually
listed as a Paromius, but Barber (1918, 76) has placed that
genus as a subgenus of Ortha-a. Dallas says that the thighs
are black, but this is not true of Florida specimens.

400 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEWJE.

341 (547). Orth^a vincta (Say), 1832, 16; I, 333.

Elongate-oblong. Color much as in longulus, the hind lobe of pro-
notum in great part darker; corium with hind margin rather widely
black, and a conspicuous small oval white spot near inner apical angle;
hind margin of metapleura white. Antenna? as in longulus, the apical
joint only fuscous. Pronotum subglobose, front lobe exclusive of collar
about one-third longer and much narrower than hind one, constriction
very strong, hind lobe minutely sparsely punctate. Elytra sometimes
abbreviated, reaching only to fifth dorsal. Front femora armed with sev-
eral blackish spines and numerous minute teeth. Length, 2.8 — 3.3 mm.

Dunedin, Palmdale, R. P. Park and Ft. Myers, Fla., Nov. 24 —
April 22. Frequent about Dunedin, especially in or about wet
hammocks and margins of ponds. Hibernates in dense masses
of the climbing milkweed, Metastelma scoparium Michx., and
other vines, and in spring taken by sweeping ferns and other
vegetation in the hammocks. Recorded from numerous other
stations in Florida and doubtless occurs throughout the State.
Our smallest member of the genus, ranging from North Caro-
lina to Texas ; also known from the tropical regions of the
Old and New Worlds and the Pacific Islands. The Rhyparo-
chromus parvulus Dall. (1852,576) is a synonym. Uhler (1876,
310) says that in Hayti "it occurs in small swarms upon low
plants in damp spots and in gardens."

342. (— ). Orth^ea fracticollis (Schilling), 1829, 82.

Elongate-oblong, subparallel. Head, front lobe of pronotum except
collar, scutellum in great part and under surface dull black; hind lobe
of pronotum clay-yellow, with three or four oblong dark blotches, its
sides and hind angles pale yellow; scutellum with tip and a small spot
on middle of sides yellow; elytra clay-yellow marked with fuscous punc-
tures, middle of corium with a long vague brownish wedge-shaped
spot; costal area pale yellow; membrane pale fuscous-brown, with mar-
gins and base translucent whitish; joints 1 and 4 of antennae fuscous,
2 and 3 reddish-brown; legs dull yellow, the apical third of hind femora
with a vague dark ring. Head minutely, densely and shallowly punc-
tate. Pronotum with front lobe but little longer and slightly narrower
than hind one, the latter finely and sparsely punctate, both lobes with
sparse, fine, short yellowish hair. Basal half of scutellum with a median
concavity, sparsely punctate and pubescent, apical half with a low
median carina. Length, 4.7 — 5 mm.

Montreal, Canada, May 16 (Barber). A European species
recorded in this country only from near Montreal.

343 (— ). Orth^a lurida (Hahn), 1826, Fasc. I, No. 18.

Elongate-oblong, subparallel. Head, scutellum and sterna dark fus-
cous-brown, opaque; pronotum and ventrals dark reddish-brown, the

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^. 401

latter paler at sides; elytra clay-yellow with punctures fuscous, costal
margin yellowish-hyaline, its tip and a vague oblique area on apical
fourth of corium fuscous-brown; membrane fuscous-brown, veins paler.
Antennae reddish-brown, joint 4 darker. Upper surface, antenna? and
femora rather thickly clothed with fine, suberect hairs. Pronotum sub-
campanulate, its front lobe almost smooth, narrower and one-half longer
than hind one, the latter and also the scutellum sparsely rather finely
punctate. Length, 4.2 — 4.5 mm.

Central Europe, September (British Mus. Coll.). A European
species known in this country only from Montreal, Canada,
where it was taken in May by J. I. Beaulne.

344 (554). Orth^a basalis (Dallas), 1852, 575.

Oblong-oval. Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum and under
surface dull black, the head and ventral surface of abdomen thickly
clothed with a minute yellowish-gray pubescence; hind lobe of pronotum
usually paler at middle ; corium and clavus dirty white, with rows of
fuscous or brownish punctures, the corium with a small rounded white
spot in inner apical angle; membrane pale brown, the veins whitish;
antenna? reddish-brown, apical joint brownish-fuscous; front femora,
except knees, shining black, apical fourth of middle and hind ones with
a piceous ring. Pronotum with front lobe subglobose, stouter than in
vincta, about one-half longer and slightly narrower than hind one, the
constriction more obtuse, less deep than there; hind lobe and scutellum
rather coarsely irregularly punctate, the latter with a low median keel
toward apex. Front femora armed beneath with two rows of unequal
teeth. Length, 3.8 — 4.2 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the southern por-
tion, May 5— Dec. 8. Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Jan. 18—
April 5. Hibernates in Indiana beneath rubbish and stones
along the borders of fields and roadsides, and in spring and
summer taken by sweeping herbage in similar places. About
Dunedin it is fairly common on both islands and mainland,
hibernating in bunches of Spanish moss, in bases of tufts of
grass, and beneath cover along the margins of ponds and in
spring taken by sweeping herbage in damp soil. It is appar-
ently much less common in Florida than either vincta or bilobata,
having been recorded only from Lake City,"1 Crescent City,
Lakeland and Biscayne Bay. It is the only species of Orthcea
of wide distribution in the northern states, ranging from Mas-
sachusetts and Connecticut, west to Michigan, Nebraska and
Kansas and southwest to Florida and Texas. Uhler (1876,

51Quaintance (Bull. 42, p. 564, Florida Agr. Exp. Station) under the name of
P. vincta Say, records O. basalis as injurious to strawberries at Lake City, and calls
it "The Strawberry Pamera." His figure and notes under description show plainly
that he had at hand O. basalis, not vincta.

402 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^.

310) states that: "It is common near Baltimore on the soils in
the region of the metamorphic rocks ; living in wheat and grass
fields during spring and summer and hibernating beneath the
rocks upon the arrival of cold weather."

345 (548). ORTHvEA curvipes (Stal), 1874, 148.

Very close to basal is; somewhat smaller and narrower. Color much
the same, the hind lobe of pronotum distinctly paler than front one, more
convex than in basalis. Other differences as in key. Length, 3.7 — 4 mm.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 30 — April 5 ; occurring
with basal is; the first record for that State. Lake Pontchart-
rain, La. (Davis). Described from North Carolina and ranges
from there to Texas, New Mexico and the West Indies. It is
very probable that this will prove to be a synonym of basalis.
Stal (1874, 152) evidently did not know either basalis or vincta,
but knew parvulus (Dall.), a synonym of ■vincta. In his descrip-
tion of curvipes he compares it with parvulus. Now basalis has
the front tibiae more strongly curved than vincta and his de-
scription of curvipes agrees in all respects with basalis. How-
ever, until his type can be compared with basalis, it is better to
retain his name for the form above described.

345 (549). Orth^ea bilobata (Say), 1832, 17; I, 334.

Elongate, slender. Head, pronotum, scutellum and under surface
dark reddish-brown to piceous, the hind lobe of pronotum usually with
two or three vague blackish stripes, sometimes almost wholly dark with
pale markings; corium and clavus dull white with fuscous punctures, the
former usually with a stripe along claval suture, an angulate cross-bar
behind middle and the tip fuscous or piceous; membrane pale brown, its
apex rarely with a whitish spot; antenna? dull yellow, the apical joint
wholly brown or fuscous; legs dull brownish-yellow, front femora some-
times tinged with piceous, tips of hind ones darker, apical joint of tarsi
fuscous. Head in front of eyes very evidently declivent. Pronotum with
front lobe subcylindrical, sides rounded, disk, exclusive of collar, about
one-third longer and distinctly narrower than hind lobe, the latter
sparsely, finely punctate. Scutellum with disk punctate along the sides,
more sparsely so near base, the apical half with an obtuse smooth keel.
Front femora armed beneath with two rows of small unequal teeth.
Length, 4.8 — 5.3 mm.

Common throughout Florida ; taken by me at almost all
collecting stations and recorded from numerous others, Oct. 26
— April 2. Hibernates in bunches of dead vines, bases of tufts
of grass and beneath rubbish and taken both on islands and
mainland by sweeping low herbage, usually in damp localities.
A neotropical species described by Say from Louisiana and

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E. 403

Mexico and ranging from North Carolina to Texas, the West
Indies and Argentina. The sterna are always dark, the abdo-
men often reddish-brown. In the paler specimens the dark
transverse bar of corium often encloses a small triangular pale
spot at inner apical angle.

347 (550). Orth^ea servillei (Guerin), 1857, 399.

Differs from bilobata mainly by characters given in key. General
color pale reddish-brown above and beneath; dark cross-bar of corium
interrupted to form several oblong spots, the one on costal margin reach-
ing its edge; membrane pale brown vaguely mottled with darker, the
veins and an oblong spot at apex paler; front femora usually in great
part brown or piceous, the knees paler; middle and hind ones with a
dark preapical ring. Front lobe of pronotum slightly shorter and head
more porrect than in bilobata. Length, 5 — 5.3 mm.

Dunedin, Moore Haven, R. P. Park and Lake Okeechobee, Fla.,
scarce, Dec. 10 — April 6. Dunedin specimens were taken on
the latter date by beating bunches of Spanish moss, the others
by sweeping in low moist grounds. Taken at Crescent City,
Fla., by Van Duzee. Described from Cuba and occurs also in
Mexico.

VI. Zeridoneus Barber, 1918b, 45.

Elongate, slender species having the head porrect, the space
between front of eyes and base of antennae subequal to that
behind eyes; antennae almost nude, the basal joint exceeding
tylus by one-third its length; first joint of beak almost reach-
ing base of head, second longer than third ; pronotum shallowly
constricted just behind middle, its front lobe with distinct col-
lar; scutellum much longer than wide, carinate throughout;
front femora armed beneath with several unequal subapical
teeth. Other characters as in generic key. One species is
known.

348 (545). Zeridoneus costalis (Van Duzee), 1909b, 373.

Elongate, slender, sides subparallel. Head, front lobe of pronotum,
except collar, scutellum and under surface dull black, the head and ven-
trals thickly clothed with fine prostrate yellow hairs ; hind lobe of
pronotum with side margins and three discal stripes dull yellow; corium
dark brown to blackish, punctate with fuscous, the entire costal margin
and usually a small spot at inner apical angle straw-yellow; membrane
dusky-brown, the veins paler; antennae reddish-brown, the fourth joint,
base of first and apical half of third fuscous ; legs dull yellow, the apical
naif of front femora and tips of the others shining black or fuscous.
Front lobe of pronotum subglobose, narrower and one-half longer than

404

FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^.

hind one, the latter rather coarsely not densely punctate and with a
vague median carina. Scutellum much longer than wide at base, sparsely
punctate and with an entire median carina, this joined at middle on
each side by an oblique obtuse one. Other characters as under generic
key and heading. Length, 6.5 — 8 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Sept. 15 ; one specimen swept from high
weeds along the bank of a stream. Adirondack Mts., N. Y.,
Aug. 18 ( Barber). Ranges from New England west to Mani-
toba and Indiana. Resembles Ligyrocoris obscurus very closely.
For the distinctions see notes under that species.

VII. Perigenes Distant, 1893, 396.

Elongate-oval, rather robust species having the head convex,
wider across eyes than front margin of pronotum, deeply in-
serted in thorax, the anteocular space between antennae and
eye nearly twice the postocular one ; beak slightly surpassing
middle coxae, first joint reaching base of head, second and third
subequal, fourth shorter; antennae with joints 2 — 4 furnished
with erect hairs ; pronotum subcampanulate, the constriction
behind middle shallow, obtuse; scutellum subequilateral, ob-
tusely keeled on apical half; costal margin of corium feebly
curved behind middle; elytra covering the sides of abdomen,
in females scarcely reaching its tip; front femora armed be-
neath with only two or three unequal preapical teeth. Other
characters as in key. One of the two known species occurs in
the eastern states.

349 (543).

Perigenes constrictus (Say), 1832, 15; I, 332.

Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutel-
lum and under surface dull black, rather
thickly clothed with fine appressed yellow-
ish pubescence and bearing numerous
erect stiff hairs; hind lobe of pronotum,
clavus and disk of corium dark reddish-
brown to piceous ; costal margin of corium
pale yellow, interrupted behind middle by
an oblong projection of the dark disk;
membrane dark brown or fuscous, with
some vague paler markings; first joint of
antenna? piceous, its tip paler, remaining
joints reddish-brown, the fourth slightly
darker; legs pale yellow, the front femora,
except base and apex, and a preapical ring
on middle and hind ones, shining piceous.
Basal lobe of pronotum wider than and

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^]. 405

about two-thirds the length of front one, its disk rather coarsely acicu-
late-punctate. Corium, clavus and sides of scutellum more or less thickly
punctate. Other characters as above given. Length, 7.5 — 9 mm. (Fig.
85).

Lake, Vermilion, Marion, Vigo and Crawford counties, Ind.,
scarce, June 19 — Nov. 30. Holland, Mich., June 10. Dunedin,
Fla., Feb. 25 — April 8. In Indiana it has been taken beneath
logs in November ; on herbage along streams and on mullein in
sandy localities in June and July and beneath sphagnum moss
in August. At Dunedin, the first record for that State, taken
by beating dead leaves of cabbage palmetto and by sifting weed
debris. Its general range is northern, extending from Ontario
and New England west to South Dakota, Kansas and Colorado
and south to District of Columbia and Florida. It was formerly
much confused with Ligyrocoris abdominal is (Guer.) and Zcri-
donciis costalis (Van D.), so that many of the published locality
records, especially the more southern ones, are wrong.

VIII. Tomopelta Uhler, 1893, 708.

Small robust, subopaque species having the head triangular,
densely punctate, wider across eyes than front margin of
pronotum, inserted in thorax to eyes ; antennae rather stout,
longer than head and pronotum united, the joints pubescent
and of nearly equal thickness throughout ; beak reaching be-
tween the middle coxae; front lobe of pronotum much wider
than head, strongly convex, but slightly narrower and distinctly
longer than hind one, its front and side margins bordered
within by a row of coarse punctures ; scutellum triangular,
longer than wide, concave near base, the apical half with a dis-
tinct median carina ; elytra coarsely punctate, the costal mar-
gins almost straight ; membrane pale hyaline, surpassing abdo-
men. One species is known.

350 (— ). Tomopelta munda Uhler, 1893, 709.

Oblong, subglabrous. Head blackish, front lobe of pronotum, scutel-
lum and under surface chestnut-brown; elytra and legs straw-yellow,
the corium with a small submarginal spot at middle and the apex fus-
cous-brown; beak and antennae reddish-brown, the terminal joint of latter
usually paler. Joints 2 and 4 of antenna? subequal in length, 1 and 3
slightly shorter. Front lobe of pronotum rather strongly evenly trans-
versely convex, but about one-third narrower and one-half longer than
hind one, its sides finely margined and broadly rounded, the disk mi-
nutely densely punctate and with a preapical transverse row of coarse-"
punctures; hind lobe with hind margin broadly shallowly concave, hind

406 FAMILY XL — LYCEID^E.

angles feebly nodulose, disk more sparsely and coarsely punctate than
front one. Scutellum with elevated basal portion triangular, very finely
and densely punctate and with a vague median impression; apical por-
tion coarsely punctate and with a distinct yellow longitudinal carina.
Elytra entire, their side margins feebly sinuate, clavus with two regular
rows, corium with several irregular rows, of distinct punctures. Under
surface with pleura coarsely punctate, abdomen minutely densely punc-
tate, very finely pubescent. Length, 2.5 — 3 mm.

R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 5 — March 29 ; numerous specimens
taken by beating dead leaves of royal palm in the dense ham-
mock on Paradise Key ; others by sifting dead leaves from
moist ground along roadways. Described from St. Vincent
Island, the types taken "while flying at sunset in a forest in
April, at an altitude of 1,000 feet." Not before recorded from
the United States.

IX. Ptochiomera Say, 1832, 18; I, 335.

Small oblong, rarely shining, species having the head wider
than long, inserted in thorax to eyes ; antennae with joint one
surpassing apex of head, three and four usually thicker than
the others; beak reaching middle coxae; pronotum as in key,
the front lobe, especially in brachypterous forms, often twice
or more the length of hind one ; scutellum longer than wide,
its base depressed, disk with a more or less evident premedian
transverse subangulate elevation united behind to a median
lengthwise carina; elytra as wide as abdomen, in macropterous
forms reaching its tip ; front femora armed beneath with sev-
eral teeth, the front tibiae of males sometimes with a preapical
tooth ; basal joint of hind tarsi subequal to the others united.
Ten species are known from North America, six of which occur
in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PTOCHIOMERA.

a. Front lobe of pronotum less than twice the length of hind one; fore
tibiae of males unarmed; antenna? devoid of stiff erect hairs. (Sub-
genus Ptochiomera Say).
b. Third and fourth joints of antennae suddenly much thickened.
c. Front lobe of pronotum subcylindrical, much narrower and darker
than hind one; carina of scutellum pale, very prominent.

351. NODOSA.
cc. Front lobe of pronotum subquadrate, concolorous with and scarce-
ly narrower than hind one; carina of scutellum feeble.

352. CLAVIGERA.

66. Third and fourth antennals gradually somewhat stouter, not sud-
denly so; carina of scutellum usually concolorous, obtuse.

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E.

407

d. Second and third joints of antennae not thickened, the second
nearly three times as long as third. 353. minima.

dd. Second joint of antennae less than twice as long as third, antennal
joints gradually increasing in thickness from the base of sec-
ond. 354. ANTENNATA.
aa. Front lobe of pronotum twice or more the length of hind one; fore
tibiae of male armed with a distinct preapical tooth; joints 2 — 4
of antenna? furnished with stiff erect hairs. (Subgenus Carpilis
Stal).
e. Second and third joints of antennae distinctly more slender than
fourth; pronotum (brachypterous form) with front lobe sub-
globose, its sides rounded, hind lobe wholly pale, its angles feebly
nodulose above. 355. ferruginea.
ee. Third joint of antennae and apical half of second as stout as fourth;
pronotum (brachypterous form) with front lobe subcylindrical,
its sides almost straight, hind lobe dark reddish-brown, its angles
pale, strongly nodulose above. 356. barberi.

351 (557). Ptochiomera nodosa Say, 1832, 18; I, 335.

Oblong. Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum except carina,

third joint of antenna? and basal half of fourth, dark brown or piceous;

narrow front margin and hind lobe of prono-
tum and disk of corium and clavus dull
straw-yellow marked with numerous fuscous
punctures; membrane hyaline, its veins
paler; first and second joints of antenna?,
legs and beak, pale yellow; under surface
dull yellow, the sides of abdomen usually
darker. Antennae with last two joints very
stout, the fourth fusiform, slightly longer
and more slender than third; second slender,
subclavate, a little longer than third. Prono-
tum with front lobe one-half longer and dis-
tinctly narrower than hind one, its disk
minutely, densely punctate; hind lobe with
angles carinate, disk rather coarsely and
evenly punctate. Scutellum with transverse
ridge angulate, both it and carina prominent;
disk otherwise finely densely punctate.
Brachypterous forms with front lobe of

pronotum relatively longer, membrane very short or obsolete, corium

reaching base of fifth dorsal. Length, 3 — 3.5 mm. (Fig. 86).

Frequent in the southern half of Indiana, much less so in the
northern counties. Occurs throughout the year, hibernating
beneath chunks and rubbish and in bases of tufts of grass along
the margins of cultivated fields and roadsides, and in spring
and summer taken by sweeping herbage along roadsides and in

Fig. 86, X 12. (Original).

408 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEIDJE.

moist open woods. Moore Haven, R. P. Park and Dunedin,
Fla., Dec. 19 — April 3. Frequent about Dunedin, hibernating
beneath cover near water, the nymphs with the adults in
February ; in spring taken by sweeping around and over the
sites of extinct ponds and by sifting the roots of tufts of grass.
Recorded from several other Florida stations. Ranges from
Massachusetts west to Missouri and southwest to Florida,
Louisiana and Texas. Of it Uhler (1876, 308) says:

"In Maryland it is common beneath stones and is one of the first to
become active in spring when the severe cold of winter is past. In
autumn it may be met with beneath the stems of dried or drying plants
and bushes which have dropped their leaves. The short-winged form
is common in the granitic and primitive regions of the State, but it is
generally full-winged in the newer and more southern portions of this
region while farther south it is always (?) full-winged."

In the latter statement he was wrong, as fully one-half of
those at hand from Florida are brachypterous.

352 (558). Ptochiomera clavigera Uhler, 1895, 24.

Oblong-oval. Above a nearly uniform dark reddish-brown, densely
and coarsely punctate with fuscous, each puncture bearing a minute yel-
low scale-like hair; tip of scutellum and a few small scattered spots on
corium dull yellow; costal margin pale at base, alternated with fuscous
toward apex; antennae with third joint and basal two-thirds of fourth
piceous, remainder reddish-brown; under surface and femora dark red-
dish-brown, tibiae and tarsi paler. Third antennal gradually widening
from base to tip, much stouter than second; fourth conical, subequal in
length to and slightly stouter than third. Pronotum with transverse con-
striction feeble, front lobe two-thirds longer than hind one. Scutellum
with transverse ridge obtuse, carina very low. Elytra, brachypterous
form, reaching base of fourth dorsal, the membrane wanting. Length,
2.5 — 2.8 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., May 20 (Barber). Known also from
Massachusetts, Connecticut and New York in the east, and
Colorado, Kansas and Texas in the west, but not recorded from
the intervening States. Occurs under boards and stones.

353 (561). Ptochiomera minima (Guerin), 1857, 398.

Oblong-oval. Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum and under
surface dull fuscous-brown ; hind lobe of pronotum, corium and clavus
brownish-yellow, thickly dotted with fuscous punctures; membrane dark
brown, the veins near base paler; antenna? reddish-brown, the fourth
joint darker; femora dark brown, knees pale, beak, tibiae and tarsi
brownish-yellow. Antenna? slender, joint 1 stout, subclavate, 2 and 3
subequal in thickness, the second much the longest; 4 two-fifths longer
than 3. Pronotum bell-shaped, front lobe finely punctate, about one-half

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^. 409

longer than hind one, the latter declivent to the obtuse constriction, hind
angles nodulose, disk thickly rather coarsely punctate. Scutellum coarsely
punctate and with a vague median carina on apical half. Length,
3.2—3.7 mm.

Chokoloskee and Moore Haven, Fla., March 1 — June 1. Taken
by sweeping low herbage in moist soil. Recorded by Barber
from Titusville, Everglade, Miami and St. Augustine. De-
scribed from Cuba and known also from Texas.

354 (562). Ptochiomera antennata Van Duzee, 1909, 172.

Form and color much as in minima. Hind lobe of pronotum with
four or five short dark stripes ; corium with apex and an interrupted
transverse bar behind middle fuscous, the ends of the bar forming a dark
spot on the pale costal margin; membrane fuscous, its veins pale; anten-
na? with basal joint fuscous-brown, remainder reddish-brown, the apical
half of fourth paler; legs as in minima. Antenna? stout, but slightly
longer than head and pronotum united, first, second and fourth joints
subequal in length, third one-half shorter. Brachypterous form with
front lobe of pronotum longer and wider, its sides more rounded than
in macropterous one; membrane obsolete; corium reaching fifth dorsal.
Length, 2.8 — 3 mm.

Dunedin and Key West, Fla., Jan. 1 — April 19. Taken from
beneath boards along the mucky margin of a pond, from bases
of tufts of grass and by beating in a dense hammock. Van
Duzee's unique female type was found running on a hot sand
bank near Tampa, Fla. Known definitely elsewhere only from
Miami, Fla., though Van Duzee doubtfully included an Arizona
specimen with his type. Of the five specimens I have taken,
four were brachypterous.

355 (570). Ptochiomera ferruginea (Stal), 1874, 153.

Oblong-oval. Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum and under
surface dark reddish-brown; hind lobe of pronotum, corium and clavus
straw-yellow dotted with reddish-brown punctures; membrane hyaline;
antennae reddish-brown, the fourth joint and apex of third piceous; legs
and beak a uniform pale brownish-yellow. Antenna? rather stout, but
little longer than head and pronotum united, first joint surpassing tip
of tylus by half its length, second one-half longer than fourth, more than
twice the length of third, fourth fusiform, stouter than the others.
Macropterous form with pronotum bell-shaped, front lobe much narrower
and twice the length of hind one, the latter with hind angles nodulose,
disk rather densely, evenly, coarsely punctate. Scutellum punctate at
sides and base; disk with a vague angulate median elevation, the apical
lengthwise carina distinct. Membrane reaching tip of abdomen.
Brachypterous form with pronotum as in key, its front lobe three times
as long as hind one ; membrane obsolete, corium reaching middle of fifth
dorsal. Length, 2.8 — 3 mm.

410 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^E.

Indian Lake, Sabael, N. Y., Aug. 4 — 8 {Barber). Known from
Maine, New York, Texas and New Mexico. This is the Car-
pilis ferruginea of Stal, based upon the brachypterous form from
Texas. Barber (1918b, 46) first described the macropterous
form and placed it in the present genus.

356 ( — ). Ptochiomera barberi Blatchley, 1924, 89.

Oblong-oval. Male with head, pronotum, base of scutellum and under
surface dark reddish-brown; elytra, nodulose hind angles of pronotum
and apical half of scutellum in part, pale brownish-yellow, their punc-
tures but slightly darker; antenna? reddish-brown, the base of second
joint paler; legs and beak pale yellow. Female with hind lobe of prono-
tum dull yellow with three brown stripes at middle and apical half of
corium often with several oblong fuscous blotches. Antennas relatively
stout, as long as head and pronotum united; first joint stout, subcylin-
drical, exceeding tip of tylus by half its length; second subclavate,
twice the length of fourth, three times that of third, the third joint and
apical half of second as stout as fourth. Brachypterous form with prono-
tum subcylindrical, front lobe scarcely wider and three times as long as
hind one, minutely punctate, its sides straight, very feebly converging
from base to apex; hind lobe with hind angles strongly nodulose, rather
coarsely rugosely punctate. Scutellum sparsely punctate, the preapical
median carina very fine. Elytra obovate, the corium and clavus scarcely
differentiated; membrane absent, corium reaching fifth dorsal, its hind
margin obliquely truncate. Front femora strongly swollen, armed be-
neath with two rows of fine subequal teeth; front tibia? of males strongly
curved, armed beneath at apical fifth with an acute tooth. Length,
2.8—3 mm.

Dunedin, R. P. Park and Cape Sable, Fla., Dec. 30— March
22; taken at Dunedin from beneath boards on the bay beach
and sifted from debris around the base of tufts of grass. In
one of the females the right antenna is but 3-jointed, the usual
short third joint being absent. Named in honor of H. G. Bar-
ber, of Roselle, N. J., our leading American authority on the
Lygaeidas. The form of pronotum and antennal segments and
the dark hue of hind lobe of pronotum in male easily distin-
guish this from ferruginea Stal.

These two species represent in the United States the genus
Carpilis of Stal, erected in 1874 with ferruginea as the type.
They differ from our other Ptochiomera in having the antennae
shorter with last three joints furnished with stiff erect hairs,
in the toothed front tibiae of males and in the front lobe of
pronotum being more than twice the length of hind one. These
characters are, in my opinion, of sufficient value to retain Car-

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAR0CHR0MI1SLE. 411

pilis at least as a subgenus instead of making it an absolute
synonym of Ptochiomera, as has been done by Barber.

X. Kolonetrus Barber, 1918c, 49.

Small oblong shining species having the head declivent,
slightly wider across eyes than front margin of pronotum ;
antennae slender, joints two and three subequal, fourth fusi-
form, slightly longer, but little stouter; pronotum oblong,
rather closely punctate, strongly constricted at basal third,
sides of front lobe feebly rounded, hind lobe with angles
strongly nodulose above ; scutellum longer than wide, thickly
and coarsely punctate, its apical half with a vague median
carina ; corium thickly irregularly punctate ; membrane never
wholly absent, in macropterous forms reaching tip of abdomen ;
front femora swollen, armed with a single stout post-median
tooth, male, with two smaller teeth, female; first joint of hind
tarsus but slightly longer than the others united. Other char-
acters as in generic key. One species is known.

357 (582y2). Kolonetrus plenus (Distant), 1882, 216.

Elongate-oblong. Head, pronotum, scutellum and under surface
shining black, feebly bronzed; elytra dark reddish- or grayish-brown,
clouded with fuscous behind the middle, the punctures each enclosing a
short yellowish appressed hair; membrane fuscous, paler at base; anten-
nae reddish-brown, the fourth joint, apex of third and sometimes the
entire first darker; femora dark reddish-brown to piceous, their knees
and tibiae paler. Structural characters as above given. Length, 3 — 3.4 mm.

Indian Lake, Sabael, N. Y., Aug. 5 (Barber) . Described from
Guatemala and known in the United States from Maine, New
Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Arizona. It is a
terrestrial form which in New England occurs in July and
August in beach drift and also beneath moss and dead leaves.

XI. Cnemodus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1853, 184.

Elongate, rather robust species of medium size, having the
head porrect, distinctly exserted, the space behind eye equal
to that between antennae and eye ; ocelli absent ; antenna? slen-
der, more than half the length of body, basal joint exceeding
apex of head by two-thirds its length, second longest, 3 and 4
subequal ; pronotum as in generic key, front lobe in brachypter-
ous form cask-shaped, convex, narrowed in front, usually wider
at middle than hind one, the latter finely sparsely punctate ; in
macropterous form subcylindrical, distinctly narrower than the

412 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEIDM.

inflated hind lobe ; scutellum elongate-triangular, sparsely punc-
tate ; front femora elongate, moderately swollen, armed beneath
with two rows of teeth, those in outer row the larger ; front
tibiae of male curved at base, armed near middle with a strong
tooth. Three species are known, two occurring in the eastern
states.

KEY TO EASTERN" SPECIES OF CXEMODUS.

a. Femora and tibia? not hirsute with long hairs, or the femora some-
times with a few scattered ones.
b. Beak reaching middle coxae; front lobe of pronotum at middle but
little wider than hind one. 358. mavortius.

bb. Beak reaching front coxae; front lobe of pronotum at middle much
wider than hind one. 358a. var. inflatus.

aa. Femora and tibiae all thickly hirsute with long erect hairs.

359. hirtipes.

358 (566). Cnemodus mavortius (Say), 1832, 19; I, 337.

Elongate. Black or piceous-black, the pronotum shining; elytra
piceous, the costal margin slightly paler; antennae reddish-brown, the
fourth joint and apex of third brownish; legs pale brownish-yellow.
Elytra dimorphic, membrane in brachypterous form not exceeding apex
of corium, scarcely reaching fifth dorsal ; in macropterous form larger,
reaching tip of abdomen. Structural characters as above given. Length,
8 — 9 mm.

Frequent in southern Indiana, not taken north of Vigo
County. Occurs throughout the year, hibernating in pairs be-
neath half buried logs in dense moist woodland, and in spring
and summer found beneath dead leaves on wooded slopes of
streams. Ranges from New England west to Missouri and
southwest to Florida and Texas, the southern records probably
to be referred to the two forms below described. Uhler records
it as common in Maryland beneath stones and rubbish from
March to November and states that it "varies much in the
breadth of its outline, and has the hemelytra and wings of at
least three dimensions."

358a (567). Cnemodus mavortius inflatus Van Duzee, 1915, 109.

This appears to be only a variety of mavortius, as in specimens at
hand the beak varies somewhat in length and the pronotum in width.
There are no other structural differences than those mentioned in key.

Vigo Co., Ind., Sept. 29. Bigelow, Mo., Aug. 28 (Barber).
Described from North Carolina and not elsewhere recorded.

359 ( — ). Cnemodus hirtipes Blatchley, 1924, 90.

Smaller and more slender than typical mavortius. Color the same,

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E. 413

except that the femora are tinged with fuscous. Hind lobe of pronotum
with sides more thickened and disk more finely and sparsely punctate.
Femora and tibia? furnished with numerous long erect yellowish hairs.
Length, 7 — 8 mm.

Ormond, Moore Haven, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 6 —
April 6. Scarce about Dunedin beneath pine needles, in bases
of tufts of grass and other cover, the macropterous form at
porch light. Recorded also by Barber as mavortius from Jack-
sonville, Cleveland and Punta Gorda, Fla., and probably occurs
sparingly throughout the State.

XII. Pseudocnemodus Barber, 1911a, 25.

Small elongate species closely allied to Cnemodus but having
the head more porrect, less exserted, more rounded behind the
eyes ; ocelli present ; pronotum shorter, its collar narrower, less
defined, hind lobe wider ; front femora less elongate, more swol-
len ; males with middle femora armed beneath with several
strong teeth, their fore tibiae less curved near base with spine
located on apical half. Other characters as in generic key.
One species is known.

360 (569). Pseudocnemodus canadensis (Provancher), 1886, 84.

Elongate, slender. Dark reddish-brown, shining; hind lobe of
pronotum and elytra paler, the former with nodulose angles, the latter
with costal margin, pale yellow, impunctate; antenna? reddish-brown,
the fourth joint and apical half of third fuscous; legs straw-yellow, the
apical half of fore femora darker. Antennae slender, the basal joint
exceeding tip of tylus by half its length; joints 2 and 4 subequal in
length, third slightly shorter, thickened toward apex. Beak reaching
middle coxae, its first joint stout, scarcely reaching base of head. Prono-
tum with front lobe subcylindrical, more than twice as long as hind one,
sides feebly rounded, disk finely sparsely punctate; hind lobe wider, its
angles strongly nodulose above, disk thickly punctate. Scutellum elon-
gate-triangular, closely punctate, its apical half distinctly carinate.
Corium wider than abdomen, rather thickly punctate. Membrane,
brachypterous form, very small, not passing apex of corium, reaching
base of sixth dorsal. Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Falls City, Nebr., Aug. 30 (Barber). Ranges from Quebec
and New England west to South Dakota and Vernon, B. C, and
southwest to North Carolina. Barber (1911a, 26) redescribed
it as P. brtmcri, a synonym, from numerous specimens taken
"from under old railroad ties which had been lying along a
grassy embankment of the road for three or four weeks, be-
neath which the vegetation was not yet dead."

414 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^.

Tribe II. RHYPAROCHROMINI Stal, 1872b, 51.

This tribe, sufficiently characterized in the key, p. 385, com-
prises eight genera, six of which are represented in our ter-
ritory."'2

KKY TO EASTERN GENERA OF RHYPAROCHROMINI.

a. Front margin of pronotum with a distinct ring-like collar; head
exserted, the postocular space usually subequal to that between
eyes and base of antenna?; hind tibiae with short, rigid bristles.

I. Ozophora, p. 414.
aa. Front margin of pronotum without a collar; head inserted in
thorax to, or almost to, eyes; hind tibiae without rigid bristles.
b. Side margins of pronotum strongly carinate and refiexed ; head
short, wide, slightly exserted, suddenly and strongly contracted
behind eyes; first joint of beak shorter than head; front tibiae
strongly curved. II. Tempyra, p. 419.

66. Side margins of pronotum very finely carinate, not refiexed or
acute; head not at all exserted.
c. Pronotum with disk of front lobe black, of hind one pale; scutel-
lum with a V-shaped pale mark on apical half.

III. Peritrechus, p. 419.
cc. Pronotum with both lobes concolorous, usually reddish-or chest-
nut-brown and shining; scutellum without a V-shaped pale
mark.
d. Third ventral suture of abdomen .straight and reaching the side
margin ; head across eyes distinctly narrower than front mar-
gin of pronotum. IV. Plinthisus, p. 420.
dd. Third ventral suture curved forward before reaching side mar-
gin; head across eyes as wide as or wider than front margin
of pronotum.
e. Pronotum with both lobes very distinctly and closely punctate;
scutellum longer than wide. V. STYGNOCORIS, p. 421.
ee. Pronotum with disk of front lobe impunctate; scutellum equi-
lateral; length less than 2.5 mm. VI. Antillocoris, p. 422.

I. Ozophora Uhler, 1871, 102.

Small elongate-oval species having the head porrect, wider
across the eyes than front margin of pronotum ; tylus decurved,
not reaching middle of first joint of antennae; eyes large,
coarsely facetted ; beak reaching hind coxae or first ventral, first
joint as long as head; antennae slender, more than half the
length of body, first joint stoutest, almost as long as head, sec-
ond longest, third and fourth subequal in length, the third

"Uhler in his Check List. p. 15, records Pamphantus elegantulus Stal (1874,
157), a Cuban species, from the "Southern States." but no other mention of its oc-
currence in this country can be found. As the genus is not included by Ranks in his
Catalogue, nor by Barber in his 1918 paper, it is here omitted.

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E. 415

thickened toward apex, fourth usually with basal third pale
ringed ; pronotum obtusely constricted in front of middle, sides
sinuate opposite the constriction, their margins carinate and
slightly reflexed ; scutellum flat, elongate-triangular, without
carina; elytra elongate, usually macropterous, sides subparallel,
corium covering the abdomen ; commissure of clavus as long as
scutellum ; membrane slightly surpassing tip of abdomen ;
front femora elongate, not strongly swollen, armed beneath
with a single row of short, slender, preapical spines. Six
of the seven known North American species occur in the east-
ern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OP OZOPHORA.

a. Femora without erect hair-like setae; inner apical angle of corium
with a small but prominent pale spot; general color not dark
chestnut-brown.
b. Basal third of last joint of antenna? dull white; corium with a
dark cross-bar (often interrupted) behind middle; femora with-
out brown dots.
c. Upper surface glabrous or nearly so; hind lobe of pronotum paler
than front one; cross-bar of corium chestnut-or reddish-brown,
usually interrupted.
d. Lateral margins of corium straight and parallel ; hind lobe of
pronotum not distinctly longer than front one.
e. Pronotum wider at base than long, not strongly constricted
near middle, its lateral carina? distinct throughout; trans-
verse convexity on front lobe of pronotum not interrupted
at middle. 361. picturata.

ee. Pronotum not wider at base than long, strongly constricted
near middle, its lateral carina? very obtuse, evident only on
basal half; transverse convexity on front lobe interrupted at
middle. 362. reperta.

dd. Lateral margins of corium evidently concavely sinuate; hind lobe
of pronotum distinctly longer than front one. 363. concava.
cc. Upper surface thinly but distinctly pubescent; hind lobe of prono-
tum in great part concolorous with front one; cross-bar of
corium dark fuscous, not interrupted. 364. burmeisteri.

bb. Last joint of antennae wholly fuscous; corium without dark cross-
bar; femora minutely dotted with brown. 365. pallescens.
aa. Femora furnished with numerous erect hair-like setae; inner apical
angle of corium without pale spot; general color dark chestnut-
brown. 366. trinotata.

361 (571). Ozophora picturata Uhler, 1871, 102.

Elongate-oval. General color above dull straw-yellow; head, front
lobe of pronotum and disk of scutellum usually blackish or dark brown;
hind lobe of pronotum often with four vague dark stripes ; corium with
an elongate spot opposite apex of scutellum, a more or less interrupted

416

FAMILY XI. — LYG^EID^E.

(Original) .

bar behind middle and the apex, fus-
rss^ cous, the costal area and a triangular
spot near inner apical angle pale yel-
low; scutellum with an oblique stripe
each side paler than the disk; mem-
brane pale brown or fuscous, the apex
and veins paler; antennae pale reddish-
brown, the tips of second and third
joints and apical two-thirds of fourth
fuscous-brown; under surface dark
brown; legs dull yellow, the hind
femora with a preapical dark ring.
Front lobe of pronotum almost im-
punctate, its convex disk not inter-
rupted ; hind lobe, except nodulose
angles, rather finely and evenly punc-
tate. Scutellum thickly punctate, the
pale line each side smooth. Length,
6—6.5 mm. (Fig. 87).

Occurs throughout Indiana, but
scarce, April 8 — Dec. 3. Hiber-
nates beneath logs, and in spring and summer taken beneath
cover in low marshy places, or swept from herbage in similar
localities. Dunedin, Lakeland and R. P. Park, Fla., March 2 —
Sept. 1 ; taken at porch light on the latter date. Recorded from
Biscayne Bay and Kissimmee, Fla., but apparently less com-
mon in that State than most of the species which follow.
Uhler's type of picturata was from Cambridge, Mass., and its
known range extends from New England west to Indiana and
southwest to Florida, Texas and Arizona. He records it as
"very rare near Baltimore, obtained from spots covered with
rank growths late in July." Barber (1923, 731) says it is
"frequently taken by sifting dead leaves in the late fall, or
found sheltering under boards on the ground." It varies much
in color, the head and pronotum being often as pale as the other
parts of upper surface.

362 ( — ) . OZOPHORA REPERTA sp. nov.

Form and color of picturata, but averaging smaller. Dark cross-bar
of corium usually interrupted and in pale specimens almost obsolete.
Pronotum very different, as noted in key, its front lobe much narrower,
more subglobose, the transverse convexity divided to form two smooth
oblique lozenge-shaped spaces; hind lobe more distinctly and deeply
punctate. Costal margins of corium feebly sinuate at basal third. Front
femora more slender than in picturata, the preapical spines blackish,
much smaller and only two in number. Beak reaching second ventral.
Length, 5 — 6 mm.

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN.-E. 417

Royal Palm Park, Fla.. March 20 — April 4 ; six specimens
swept from weeds along the margins of everglades. That this
form is distinct from picturata is, on comparison, very evident.
Specimens submitted to Barber were returned marked : "What
Uhler identified as 0. consangidnea Dist." However, the types
of Distant's species from Mexico and Guatemala had the front
lobe of pronotum "castaneous, not black," hind one with median
dark stripe, sides much less constricted ; front femora with four
long slender spines ; beak reaching only to middle coxae and
were 7 mm. in length, thus differing widely from the specimens
in hand. Van Duzee (1917, 188) places consanguinea as a
synonym of picturata.

363 (574). Ozophira CONCAVA (Distant), 1893, 394.

Elongate, feebly narrowed in front of middle of elytra. General
color above fuscous-brown to blackish; collar and hind lobe of pronotum
brownish-yellow, the latter with three or five fuscous stripes; scutellum
blackish with a stripe each side and tip clay-yellow; margins of clavus
and corium and veins and discal spots of latter, dull yellow; membrane
fuscous, the veins paler; under surface fuscous, legs clay-yellow. Prono-
tum nearly twice as wide at base as apex, distinctly constricted in front
of middle; hind lobe rather finely, evenly not closely punctate; elevations
of front lobe and nodulose hind angles smooth; basal margin feebly con-
cave. Length. 6 — 7 mm.

Arizona (U. S.N.Mus.) ; determined by Barber. Recorded
from Florida, without definite station, by Van Duzee (1917,
189) . A neotropical species described by Distant from Mexico,
Guatemala and Panama.

364 (573). Ozophora burmeisteri (Guerin), 1857, 397.

Closely allied to picturata. Head, pronotum, disk of scutellum. dark
bar across corium and under surface dark opaque fuscous, thinly clothed
with fine gray inclined hairs ; several small oblong spots on hind lobe of
pronotum, smooth stripe each side of scutellum, a small spot at each inner
apical angle and a large subquadrate one behind dark bar of corium.
pale yellow; color otherwise as in picturata, the antenna? and legs some-
what paler. Pronotum slightly shorter and a little wider than in pic-
turata, the transverse constriction less defined; hind lobe more sparsely
and irregularly punctate. Length. 6 — 6.5 mm.

Everglade, Chokoloskee, R. P. Park and Lake Wales, Fla..
March 11 — April 14. Taken at the first two stations by beat-
ing the foliage of the mangrove, RhicopJiora mangle L., along the
edges of submaritime hammocks ; at the others by sifting vege-
table debris in moist places. Recorded also from St. Augus-
tine, Fla. A neotropical species described from Cuba and known

418 FAMILY XI. — LYG;£IDj£.

in this country only from Florida and Texas. The pubescent
upper surface and uninterrupted dark bar of corium, the ends
of which reach the edge of costal margin, are characters easily
separating this species from picturata.

365 ( — ). Ozophora pallescens (Distant) , 1893, 395.

Smaller and much paler than picturata. Head, front lobe of prono-
tum and sterna dark brown; hind lobe of pronotum usually with four to
six alternating brown and yellow stripes, these often vague or, in the
paler specimens, wanting; scutellum brown with a yellow spot each side;
corium pale straw-yellow, its punctures reddish-brown, the extreme apex,
an oblong spot in front of a small pale oval one at inner apical angle and
a small spot opposite this on costal area, fuscous ; antennae pale brown-
ish-yellow, the terminal joint wholly fuscous; femora minutely dotted
with reddish-brown, the hind ones faintly annulate near apex; ventrals
reddish-brown. Convex disk of front lobe of pronotum usually more or
less interrupted and surrounded by numerous minute punctures. Length,
5.5 — 5.8 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 18 — March 25. I refer here a number
of specimens taken about Dunedin, which differ from picturata
in the characters described above. Distant's species is known
from Jamaica, Trinidad and other West India islands, but has
not before been recorded from Florida. The Dunedin speci-
mens were taken from the leaf axils of a thistle on Hog Island,
and by beating Spanish moss and sweping ferns in dense ham-
mocks on the mainland.

366 (572). Ozophora trinotata Barber, 1914, 515.

Elongate-oblong. Above dark reddish- to chestnut-brown; some
vague markings on hind lobe of pronotum, tip of scutellum, costal area
of corium to behind middle, and a small spot on same area near apex,
pale brownish-yellow; membrane dark brown; antenna? reddish-brown,
the tip of third joint and apical two-thirds of fourth fuscous, basal third
of fourth dull white; under surface fuscous-brown, finely pubescent; legs
and beak dull brownish-yellow. Antenna? very slender, second joint
reaching middle of scutellum, about one-half longer than third, the latter
a little shorter than fourth. Pronotum with sides less sinuate than in
picturata, the transverse constriction ill-defined, front lobe impunctate,
hind one finely and rather densely punctate. Scutellum sparsely and
finely punctate, its submargins smooth. Front femora not greatly swol-
len, armed beneath with three small preapical teeth. Length, 6 — 7 mm.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Sept. 1 — April 23. At Dunedin
taken frequently at porch-light in April and September. Occurs
in winter in small colonies beneath half buried logs in sandy
places or in the bases of tufts of grass ; in spring swept from
ferns in dense hammocks. Described from Marco and Ever-

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^. 419

glade, Fla., and heretofore known only from coastwise stations
in that State from Ormond southward. Very distinct from our
other species by the characters given in key.

II. Tempyra Stal, 1874, 155.

Small oblong-oval species resembling superficially our species
of Blissus, and having the antennae short, stout, the first joint
slightly surpassing apex of head, second twice the length of
third, fourth fusiform, stouter than the others ; pronotum sub-
trapezoidal, its transverse impression feeble ; front lobe convex,
side margins slightly sinuate near middle ; beak reaching
middle of mesosternum, its first joint subequal in length to first
antennal. One species is known.

367 (576). Tempyra biguttula Stal, 1874, 157.

Oblong-oval. Head, pronotum, scutellum and under surface dull
black or piceous ; elytra reddish-brown, piceous toward apex, the corium
with a prominent pale spot at middle, of apical fourth; membrane fus-
cous, the apex paler; antenna? reddish-brown, the fourth joint and apex
of third fuscous ; legs dull yellow. Front lobe of pronotum finely and
densely punctate, hind one more sparsely, more coarsely so. Scutellum
scarcely as long as the commissure of clavus, thickly punctate and with
a vague median carina on apical half. Other characters as under generic
key and heading. Length, 3 — 3.2 mm.

Columbus, Tex., Aug. 28 (Barber). Plummer's Island, Md.,
hibernating beneath sycamore bark (Barber, 1914a, 170). No
other records.

III. Peritrechus Fieber, 1861, 48, 153.

Small oblong-oval species having the head porrect, as wide
as or wider across eyes than front margin of pronotum ; beak
reaching to or behind middle coxa?, its first joint to base of
head; pronotum trapezoidal, sides straight, feebly converging
from base to apex, disk without transverse constriction ; scutel-
lum much longer than wide, without median carina ; elytra
covering the abdomen, membrane reaching its tip ; front
femora moderately swollen, armed beneath with three or four
large and several minute teeth. Three species are known, two
occurring in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PERITRECHUS.

a. Width of pronotum just back of front angles subequal to that of
head across eyes ; third and fourth antennals subequal, second
longest; smaller, length not over 5 mm. 368. fraternus.

420 FAMILY XL — LYG^EID^.

mi. Width of pronotum just back of front angles less than that across
eyes; second and fourth antennals subequal, third shorter; larger
5.3 — 6 mm. 369. paludemaris.

368 (585). Peritrechus fraternus Uhler, 1871, 10'!.

Oblong-oval. Head, front lobe of pronotum, basal half or more of
scutellum and under surface dull black, finely pubescent, the head with
a brassy tinge; hind lobe of pronotum, V-shaped mark on scutellum and
elytra dull brownish-yellow marked with fuscous punctures; membrane
whitish-hyaline, vaguely clouded with fuscous; antenna? dark brown, the
incisures paler; femora piceous, shining, knees paler; beak, tibia? and
tarsi reddish-brown. Antenna? with first joint short, stout, passing apex
of head by half its length; fourth fusiform, but little stouter than third.
Pronotum rather sparsely punctate, more coarsely so on pale basal por-
tion ; hind angles feebly nodulose above. Other characters as above.
Length, 4.3 — 5 mm.

Vigo and Putnam counties, Ind., scarce, Feb. 4 — July 11.
Hibernates beneath chips and dead leaves in dry sandy local-
ities, and in summer taken beneath stones and other cover.
Ranges from Quebec and New England west to Colorado, Idaho
and British Columbia. Recorded also from California and New
Mexico, but in the east not taken south of New Jersey. Hus-
sey (1922, 10) reports the taking of 30 on August 8 at a
lighted sheet in a grassy yard at Devil's Lake, N. Dak.

369 (586). Peritrechus paludemaris Barber, 1914, 516.

Elongate-oval, larger than fraternus. Color much as there, the
corium and membrane more clouded with fuscous; femora often chestnut-
brown with a preapical fuscous ring. Pronotum more convex, sides more
strongly converging from base to apex, slightly sinuate near basal third.
Front femora usually armed beneath at middle with a short tooth and
with a second longer one at apical fourth. Other differences as in key.
Length, 5.3 — 6 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Fla., Dec. 12 (W. S. B.) ; one adult and a
nymph from beneath board on margin of everglades. Ever-
glade, Fla., July {Davis). A submaritime species, usually in-
habiting the edges of the salt marshes from Massachusetts and
New York southwest to Florida, the only known specimens
from the latter State being those above mentioned.

IV. PLINTHISUS Fieber, 1861, 46, 177.

Small oblong species having the head porrect, much narrower
than pronotum, immersed in thorax to eyes; pronotum sub-
quadrate, rather strongly constricted much behind middle, its
front lobe convex, impunctate, side margins carinate ; scutellum

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^. 421

equilateral without median carina ; elytra covering sides of
abdomen, usually brachypterous, the membrane in our single
eastern species, small, reaching middle of fifth dorsal; front
femora swollen, armed beneath with two small teeth.

370 (584). Plinthisus compactus (Uhler), 1904, 354.

Elongate-oblong, widest behind middle of abdomen. Head, front
lobe of pronotum, scutellum and under surface dark chestnut-brown ;
hind lobe of pronotum, corium and clavus reddish-brown punctate with
fuscous; membrane brownish-hyaline; antenna? piceous, the basal joint
and part of third paler; beak and legs reddish-brown. Beak reaching
middle coxa?. First joint of antennae exceeding tip of tylus by one-half
its length ; second longest, subclavate, third and fourth subequal. Prono-
tum as in key, the front angles rounded. Scutellum finely punctate.
Claval suture present. Costal margin of corium widened and reflexed to
apical fourth. Front tibia? of male strongly curved, its inner apical angle
prolonged. Length, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Indian Lake, Sabael, N. Y., Aug. 11 (Barber). Described
from New Mexico. Known from Ontario, New Hampshire,
Massachusetts and New York. The P. americanus Van D. (1910,
75) is, according to Barber (1918d, 109), a synonym.

V. Stygnocoris Douglas & Scott, 1865, 213.

Small oblong-oval, densely punctate pubescent species, hav-
ing the head wider across the eyes than front margin of prono-
tum ; antennae slender, first joint slightly surpassing apex of
tylus, second longest, third and fourth subequal in length, the
latter fusiform; beak reaching middle coxae; pronotum with
side margins narrowly carinate ; clavus with four rows of punc-
tures; fore femora unarmed. Two introduced palaearctic Eu-
ropean species occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF STYGNOCORIS.

«. Femora piceous-brown ; larger, 3 — 3.8 mm. 371. rusticus.

aa. Legs wholly pale ; smaller, not over 3 mm. 372. pedestris.

371 (588). Stygnocoris rusticus (Fallen), 1807, 70.

Oblong-oval. Above dull black, thickly clothed with subappressed
yellow pubescence, costal area with edge paler; under surface black, more
shining, more sparsely pubescent; antennae reddish-brown, the apical
joint fuscous; femora fuscous-brown, tibia? and tarsi somewhat paler.
Head and thorax densely, coarsely punctate, the latter with a vague
median transverse impression. Scutellum and elytra more finely, less
densely punctate. Brachypterous forms with membrane very short,
reaching fifth dorsal. Length, 3 — 3.8 mm.

422 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEWJE.

Oka, Quebec, Aug. 18 (Barber). Known in North America
only from Quebec and Nova Scotia.

372 ( — ). Stygnocoris pedestris (Fallen), 1829, 64.

Oblong oval, above thickly clothed with suberect yellowish hairs.
Head, thorax, scutellum and under surface piceous-black, shining; elytra
reddish-brown; membrane fuscous, paler at base; antennae brownish-
yellow, the fourth joint piceous ; legs pale brownish-yellow. Head and
pronotum less densely punctate than in nisticus. Elytra entire, covering
the abdomen. Length, 2.5 — 3 mm.

Elka Park, N. Y., Aug. 13 (Barber). Known in this country
from Truro and Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and from the moun-
tainous regions of New York.

VI. Antillocoris Kirkaldy, 1904, 280.

Very small oval species having the head somewhat declivent,
as wide across eyes as front margin of pronotum ; beak reaching
middle coxae, its basal segment shorter than first antennal ;
joint 1 of antennae as long as 2, exceeding tylus by half its
length, 2 and 4 subequal in length, 3 shorter; pronotum trape-
zoidal, feebly constricted to form two lobes, front lobe in great
part impunctate, its side margins finely carinate; scutellum
equilateral, not carinate ; elytra usually macropterous, cover-
ing sides of abdomen but scarcely reaching its tip, in brachyp-
terous forms the membrane sometimes wholly absent ; fore
femora slightly swollen, unarmed. Three species are known
from this country, two from the eastern states. They are the
smallest of our Lygaeidae and were formerly recorded under
the genus Pyyccus Uhler (1894, 187), a preoccupied name.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ANTILLOCORIS.

a. Upper surface thickly pilose with long yellow hairs ; membrane in
brachypterous forms wholly absent. 373. pilosulus.

aa. Upper surface thinly pilose with very short hairs ; membrane al-
ways present. 374. pallidus.

373 (578). Antillocoris pilosulus (Stal), 1874, 158.

Narrowly oval. Dark chestnut-brown, rather thickly pilose with
long inclined yellowish hairs; antennae dark reddish-brown; legs, sterna
and apex of abdomen pale reddish-brown. Head shining, impunctate.
Hind lobes of pronotum and scutellum minutely densely punctate. Corium
reaching middle of fourth dorsal. Other characters as above described.
Length, 1.8 — 2 mm.

Putnam and Posey counties, Ind., scarce, March 20 — April
22. Taken from beneath stones on the slopes of hillside pas-

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^. 423

tures. Swannanoa, N. Car., March 5 (Brimley) . Ranges from
Massachusetts and New York west to Indiana and southwest
to Florida and Texas, the only Florida record being that of
Barber from Biscayne Bay. Bueno (1912, 212) took it at
Yaphank, N. Y., by sweeping grasses in a dry cranberry bog.
The Indiana specimens are all brachypterous and that seems
to be the prevailing form. The long yellow hairs are best seen
when viewed from the side.

374 (579). Antillocoris pallidus (Uhler), 1894, 187.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown, head shining; basal third of pro-
notum and apical half of elytra often vaguely clouded with fuscous;
membrane pale brown ; first antennal and basal half of second reddish-
brown, remainder fuscous; legs, sterna and often the apex of abdomen
pale brownish-yellow. Pronotum shorter and wider than in pilosulus,
the transverse constriction more evident, the hind lobe, apex of front
one and scutellum rather coarsely punctate. Length, 1.8 — 2.2 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, March 20 — Oct. 16. Taken
by sifting the debris of rotten chunks along streams and by
sweeping herbage in dense woodland. Dunedin, R. P. Park
and Ft. Myers, Fla., Nov. 25 — April 4. Common about Dune-
din in winter beneath cover along the margins of ponds, and
in spring taken by sweeping ferns and other vegetation in
damp localities. Recorded also from Biscayne Bay. Uhler's
types were from Grenada and its known range extends from
Quebec and New England west to Indiana and south and
southwest to Florida, Cuba and Texas. Barber (1923, 732)
records it as a common species in New England "among dead
leaves in damp situations."

Tribe III. BEOSINI Stal, 1872b, 54.

Small or medium sized depressed oval species possessing the
characters given in the tribal key, and, in our eastern genera,
having the head about as wide across the eyes as front margin
of pronotum ; antennae slender, their basal segment short, at
most exceeding apex of head by one-third its length ; prono-
tum subquadrate, its side margins narrowly flattened, not re-
flexed, disk not constricted to form two lobes, its front margin
without a depressed collar ; scutellum not carinate. Four of the
five genera recognized by Barber (1918, 82) occur in the east-
ern states.

424 FAMILY XI. — LYGJEWJE.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF BEOSINI.

a. Upper surface opaque, not wholly black, the pronotum with either

the narrow side margins or the hind lobe pale, punctate with

black; front margin of pronotum almost straight.

b. Antennae sparsely pilose or almost nude; side margins of pronotum

usually pale, but neither punctate nor furnished with seta?; basal

segment of hind tarsus longer than the others united; scutellum

without pale lines.

c. Hind lobe of pronotum and corium pale, distinctly punctate with

black; pronotum slightly narrowed in front, its side margins

feebly rounded; antennae pilose; front tibae of male distinctly

curved at base. I. Trapezonotus, p. 424.

cc. Hind lobe of pronotum black, not at all or finely and obsoletely

punctate; pronotum less narrowed in front, its side margins

pale, almost parallel; antenna? nearly nude; front tibiae straight

in both sexes. II. Malezonotus, p. 425.

66. Antenna? furnished with numerous setose hairs; side margins of

pronotum pale, provided with a few punctures set with long

hairs ; basal segment of hind tarsus subequal to the other two

united; apical third of scutellum with a pale line each side.

III. Sphragisticus, p. 426.
aa. Upper surface more or less shining, wholly black; front margin of
pronotum concave; third segment of beak shorter than second.

IV. Aphanus, p. 427.

I. Trapezonotus Fieber, 1861, 50, 190.

Small oblong-oval species having the head short, declivent,
slightly wider across eyes than front margin of pronotum ;
beak reaching middle coxae, its first joint to base of head ; ely-
tra covering sides of abdomen, in brachypterous form reach-
ing base of fifth ventral ; front femora feebly swollen, armed
beneath with one large and several small spines. Other char-
acters as under tribal heading and in key. One species occurs
in our territory.

375 (589). Trapezonotus arenarius (Linnaeus), 1758, 448.

Oblong-oval. Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum and under
surface dull black, the abdomen shining; hind lobe of pronotum, corium
and clavus dull yellow, rather thickly punctate with black or fuscous;
narrow side margins of pronotum and corium pale dull yellow; mem-
brane brown with pale veins; antennae dark brown, the basal joint in
great part pale; femora and first and second joints of beak dull yellow,
remainder of beak, and tibiae and tarsi dark brown, male; legs usually
wholly dark brown, female. Antennae with first joint slightly exceeding
tip of tylus; second slender, subequal in length to fourth, third shorter.
Scutellum broadly triangular, its disk and that of front lobe of prono-
tum finely and sparsely punctate. Ventral surface of abdomen sim-

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMINJE. 425

ilarly punctate. Genital plate of male broadly rounded. Length,
4 — 5 mm.

Indian Lake, Sabael, N. Y., Aug. 20 (Barber). An introduced
European palaearctic species known in this country only from
the mountainous regions of Quebec, New England and New
York.

II. Malezonotus Barber, 1918c, 54.

Small oblong-oval species, differing from Trapcconotus mainly
by characters given in key and having the first segment of
antennae barely exceeding tylus, second and fourth subequal,
third shorter than either ; pronotum with narrow side margins
usually pale, not punctate or setose, hind margin broadly con-
cave before the scuteJlum, which is flat, longer than wide, not
at all or very finely punctate ; clavus with three irregular rows
of punctures ; front femora swollen, armed beneath on apical
half with two or three teeth ; hind tibiae with short rigid
bristles. Four species are ascribed to the genus by Barber,
Trapezonotus rufipes Stal forming the type. Two of these occur
in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MALEZONOTUS.

«. Elytra in great part brownish-yellow; membrane fuscous, paler at

base. 376. sodalicius.

aa. Elytra, except outer margin, piceous; membrane wholly piceous-

black. 377. fuscosus.

376 (581). Malezonotus sodalicius (Uhler), 1875, 835.

Oblong-oval. Head, disk of pronotum, scutellum and under surface
dull black, sparsely clothed with a very short and fine yellow pubescence;
base of clavus and a large subapical spot on corium dull black, side and
hind margins of pronotum narrowly edged with straw-yellow; antennze
reddish-yellow, the fourth joint brown; legs pale brownish-yellow. Pro-
notum subquadrate, sides very feebly converging from base to near apex,
then rounded; disk minutely densely granulate-punctate, nodulose above
the hind angles. Elytra finely punctate, covering the abdomen and reach-
ing its tip. Length, 4 mm.

Dilley, Ore., Aug. 20 (Barber). Seattle, Wash. (U.S.Nat.
Mus.). Recorded from Virginia and Mississippi by Barber
(1918c, 55), but its main distribution is west of the Rocky
Mountains. Common in strawberry beds on Vancouver Island
(Parshley, 1919, 17).

377 ( — ). Malezonotus fuscosus Barber, 1918c, 56.
Elongate-oval, sides sub-parallel. Color of the preceding but the

426

FAMILY XI. — LYG;£ID;£.

elytra piceous with costal margin and submargin pale; pronotum with
only the narrow reflexed side margins pale; last two joints of antennae
piceous, basal joints and legs reddish-yellow. Pronotum as in sodalicius,
disk of front lobe minutely granulate, of hind one finely punctate and
near base finely transversely wrinkled or furrowed. Membrane in
brachypterous forms reaching apex of fifth dorsal, in macropterous ones
the tip of abdomen. Length, 3.5 — 4 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., April 2 {Barber). Known only from New
Jersey and New York, where it occurs in spring beneath leaves
under huckleberry bushes and in the washup of the beaches.

III. Sphragisticus Stal, 1872b, 55.

Here belongs a single medium sized species having the head
declivent, slightly wider across the eyes than front margin of
pronotum ; beak reaching middle coxae ; pronotum subtrapezoi-
dal, its sides straight, feebly converging toward apex, their
margins rather widely flattened ; scutellum longer than wide ;
elytra usually entire, covering abdomen and reaching its tip ;
front femora armed beneath with a prominent preapical spine
and two or three minute teeth ; tibiae provided with short, stiff
bristles. Other characters as in generic key.

378 (592)

Sphragisticus nebulosus (Fallen), 1807, 65.

Elongate-oval. Head, disk of front lobe
of pronotum, scutellum in great part and
under surface dull black; hind lobe of prono-
tum, two subapical spots on scutellum and
elytra grayish-yellow, punctate with fuscous;
membrane brownish-yellow, the veins paler;
second and third joints of antennas, tibiaa and
tips of femora reddish-brown; first and fourth
antennals, femora and some irregular spots
on apical half of corium dark brown or piceous.
Other characters as above. Length, 5 — 5.3
mm. (Fig. 88).

Fis

x

(After Forbes).

Taken in Indiana only in Vigo Coun-
ty, where it hibernates beneath rubbish
along the borders of sandy fields, espe-
cially those in which melons have been cultivated ; probably
occurs in similar localities throughout the State. It is a Euro-
pean species, but ranges in this country from Ontario and New
England west to the Pacific ; recorded also from Texas, New
Mexico and California. Hussey reports it as rather common
near the sand dunes of Berrien Co., Mich. Easily known by the

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^. 427

row of erect setse along the pale margin of pronotum and the
two pale spots near apex of scutellum.

IV. Aphanus Laporte, 1832, 35.

Medium sized black species having the head declivent, wider
across the eyes than long; beak reaching mesosternum ; prono-
tum subquadrate, feebly convex, its basal margin concave ;
scutellum longer than commissure, as wide or wider at base
than long ; elytra entire, reaching tip of abdomen ; front femora
armed beneath with one large and two smaller spines. Three
species are known from this country, two from the eastern
states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF APHANUS.

a. Legs, beak and antennae wholly black or piceous; hind lobe of prono-
tum sparsely and finely punctate. 379. umbrosus.
aa. Legs, beak and antennae in great part brownish-yellow; hind lobe of
pronotum more closely and coarsely punctate.

380. ILLUMINATUS.

379 (594). Aphanus umbrosus (Distant), 1893, 409.

Elongate-ovate. Black, shining; antennae and beak piceous, the
incisures paler; membrane, coxaa, tibiae and tarsi piceous; femora black.
Hind lobe of pronotum, scutellum and corium sparsely, finely irregularly
punctate; clavus with four rows of punctures, the two median rows
confused. Length, 6 — 7 mm.

Southern half of Indiana, frequent ; not taken in the north-
ern counties. Occurs throughout the year, hibernating singly
or in pairs beneath logs, chunks, leaves of mullein, etc., and
taken in spring and summer by sweeping low herbage, more
commonly in sandy localities. Ranges from Ontario and New
England west to Colorado and Kansas and south to Florida,
Texas, Arizona and California. In the Slosson collection from
Florida without definite locality. Often recorded as Microtoma
carbonaria Rossi=M. atrata Goez.

380 ( — ). Aphanus illuminatus (Distant), 1893, 409.

Elongate-oval. Black, feebly shining; membrane fuscous, the veins
paler; beak and legs dull yellow; tibiae sometimes in part fuscous. Head
as wide across eyes as front margin of pronotum. Antennae clay-yellow,
joints 2 and 4 tinged with fuscous; 2 one-half longer than 3, 4 slightly
longer than 3. Pronotum, except middle of front lobe, rather thickly
and somewhat coarsely punctate. Scutellum and corium more finely
and evenly punctate; clavus with three rows of punctures. Length,
4.5 — 5.5 mm.

428 FAMILY XI. — LYG,£ID;£.

Buck Key, Fla. (U. S. X. Mus.). Recorded by Barber (1918c,
61) from Florida. Described from Mexico and Guatemala.

Tribe IV. GONIANOTINI Stal, 1872b, 58.

This tribe contains only the single genus, characterized be-
low.

I. Emblethis Fieber, 1861, 51, 197.

Head feebly declivent, scarcely as wide across the eyes as
front margin of pronotum ; beak reaching mesosternum, its
first joint to base of head ; pronotum wider than long, its side
margins widely flattened, their width greater than diameter of
eye, disk feebly corlvex, front margin concave ; scutellum almost
as long as pronotum, not carinate ; elytra entire, reaching tip
of abdomen, clavus irregularly punctate ; costal margin of
corium widely flattened and reflexed at base, gradually nar-
rowed toward apex ; hind tibiae with setose bristles ; basal seg-
ment of hind tarsus twice as long as others united.

381 (597). Emblethis vicarius Horvath, 1908, 563.

Elongate-oval. Above dull brown-
ish-yellow rather thickly marked with
fuscous punctures, these often aggre-
gated to form dark blotches ; membrane
pale brown, often spotted near base
with darker brown ; antenna3 brownish-
yellow, the fourth joint dusky, under
surface dull black, the margins in part
paler; front femora fuscous, the knees
paler; the other femora, tibia? and tarsi
brownish-yellow. Antennae beset with
rigid bristles, basal joint scarcely ex-
ceeding tip of tylus, second longest,
third slightly shorter than fourth.
Front femora armed beneath with nu-

Fig. 89. X 7. (After Brunei-). , ,, --.,, , .

merous short teeth. Other characters
as under generic heading. Length, 6 — 6.2 mm. (Fig. 89).

Marshall and Vigo counties, Ind., Feb. 25 — Aug. 8; prob-
ably occurs throughout the State. Common in winter in Vigo
County, hibernating beneath mullein leaves and other cover in
sandy localities, and found in summer on the ground and low
herbage in cultivated fields. Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 13 ; one speci-
men taken from beneath bark of pine. Recorded only from
Atlantic Beach, that State. Ranges from New England west
to North Dakota, Montana and Vancouver, and southwest to
Florida, California and Mexico. Formerly listed as E. arenarius
(Linn.).

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMINjE. 429

Tribe V. LETH^INI Stal, 1872b, 59.

The members of this tribe have the head, small, triangular;
ocelli widely separated the distance between them three times
or more than that between them and eye ; antennae with basal
segment usually exceeding apex of head by half or more its
length, second usually longest, third and fourth subequal ; beak
reaching hind coxae; pronotum quadrate or subtrapezoidal, its
disk usually with an ill defined constriction separating it into
two lobes ; scutellum triangular, not or feebly carinate. Seven
of the nine genera recognized by Barber (1918, 84) are repre-
sented in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GEXERA OF LETH.-EINI.

a. Pronotum with both lobes distinctly and closely punctate; front
tibiae of males either strongly cuiwed or bent and expanded
apically and armed with one or two preapical teeth.

b. Antennae distinctly pilose; mesosternum not longitudinally sul-

cate; basal segment of hind tarsus much longer than the others
united; body not strongly flattened. I. Drymus, p. 430.

66. Antenna? not pilose; mesosternum strongly sulcate; basal segment
of hind tarsus subequal to others united; body much flattened.

II. Gastrodes, p. 431.
aa. Pronotum with front lobe impunctate or with a few scattered punc-
tures ; front tibiae of males rarely strongly curved or abruptly ex-
panded at apex; antennae nearly nude.

c. Dorsal surface dull or subopaque; expansion of side margins of

pronotum wider and usually paler between the two lobes ; hind
tibiae without long rigid bristles; front lobe of pronotum, head
and scutellum black.

d. Larger, length 5.5 or more mm. ; apex of tylus not reaching middle

of first antennal ; side margins of pronotum more or less pilose ;
hind tibiae with short bristles or long hairs.

III. Eremocoris, p. 431.

dd. Smaller, length not over 4 mm. ; apex of tylus reaching to or

beyond middle of first antennal; side margins of pronotum and

hind tibiae nude. IV. Scolopostethus, p. 433.

cc. Dorsal surface shining; expansion of side margins of pronotum

not widened, and usually not paler between the two lobes; hind

tibiae beset with rigid bristles ; front lobe of pronotum, head and

scutellum usually reddish or chestnut-brown; length less than

4.5 mm.

e. Side margins of pronotum acute, converging in front, not pale

or bordered within by an impressed line ; width of head across
eyes but slightly narrower than across front angles of prono-
tum.

430 FAMILY XI. — LYGMIDJE.

/. Pronotum nearly twice as wide as long, its hind lobe sparsely
punctate; membrane reaching apex of abdomen.

V. Valtissius, p. 434.
//. Pronotum distinctly less than twice as wide as long, its hind
lobe impunctate; membrane abbreviated; dorsal surface very
shining. VI. Xestocoris, p. 435.

ee. Side margins of pronotum narrowly expanded, subparallel, usually
pale and bordered within by an impressed line; width of head
across eyes much narrower than across front angles of prono-
tum. VII. Cryphula, p. 436.

I. Drymus Fieber, 1861, 46, 178.

Species of small or medium size and having the head not
inserted in thorax to eyes ; pronotum with side margins rounded
in front of middle, their edges but slightly expanded, more so
opposite the constriction between the lobes, front lobe without
definite collar; scutellum flat, rather thickly punctate, with a
faint carina near apex ; elytra entire, reaching tip of abdomen ;
hind tibiae without rigid bristles ; third ventral suture strongly
curved, not reaching side margin ; front femora armed beneath
with a spine and several minute teeth. Two species are known,
both occurring in the eastern states.

KEY TO SPECIES OF DRYMUS.

a. Pronotum with side margins narrowly pale, broadly rounded behind
front angles ; front lobe of pronotum darker and more finely punc-
tate than hind one. 382. UNUS.
aa. Pronotum with margins and entire disk dark brown, the margins
more strongly rounded; both lobes evenly, densely and rather
coarsely punctate. 383. crassus.

382 (598). Drymus unus (Say), 1832, 16; I, 333.

Elongate-oval. Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum and sterna
dark brown; hind lobe of pronotum and elytra brownish-yellow punctate
with fuscous, the corium often with vague darker blotches; membrane
brown, the veins paler; antenna? reddish-brown, the third joint and base
of fourth darker; ventral surface of abdomen and femora reddish-brown,
tibiae and tarsi paler. Head and front lobe of pronotum finely not densely
punctate. Costal area of corium narrowly expanded. Length, 4.2 — 5 mm.

Lake, Porter, Cass and Marion counties, Ind., June 26 — Oct.
11. Apparently a scarce species throughout the State, occurring
beneath logs, stones, etc., on wooded slopes, usually near
streams. Ranges from New England west to Colorado and
southwest to North Carolina and Texas. Barber says that in
the eastern states it is "commonly found by sifting dead leaves
at the base of alders."

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIN^E. 431

383 (599). Drymus crassus Van Duzee, 1910, 76.

Larger and darker than unus. General color above and beneath a
nearly uniform dark brown ; elytra a somewhat paler brown ; membrane
dark-brown, the veins eoneolorous. Head and entire pronotum very
densely and somewhat coarsely punctate. Costal area of corium more
widely expanded at base than in unus: Other differences as in key.
Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

Southern half of Indiana, frequent, July 3 — Oct. 10 ; not
taken north of Marion County. On the former date it was
found in numbers in Knox County beneath dead leaves on the
sandy, densely wooded slope of a small stream. Ranges from
New England west to southern Indiana and southwest to North
Carolina.

II. Gastrodes Westwood, 1840. 122.

Oval depressed species of medium size, having the head
triangular, pointed, slightly wider across eyes than front mar-
gin of pronotum ; beak reaching middle coxse ; pronotum
triangular, sides straight, and converging towards apex, which
is only one-half the width of base; third ventral suture of
abdomen almost straight and reaching side margins. Other
characters as in generic key. A single introduced European
species occurs in our territory.

384 (605). Gastrodes ferrugineus (Linnaeus), 1767, 730.

Elongate-oval, strongly depressed. Pale brick-red, shining; head,
front lobe of pronotum, scutellum and sterna, piceous-black; under sur-
face of abdomen reddish-brown, the sides fuscous; legs reddish-brown.
Head, front lobe of pronotum and prosternum densely punctate. Hind
lobe of pronotum and elytra much more sparsely punctate. Elytra cover-
ing the abdomen, the costal margins rather widely expanded. Fore
femora much enlarged, flattened, their front margin serrate before and
behind the preapical tooth. Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Banks (1910, 64) records this species from the "Northern
States." I have seen only European examples.

III. Eremocoris Fieber, 1861, 49, 187.

Medium sized Lygseids having the head narrow, almost por-
rect, not inserted in thorax to eyes; pronotum longer than
wide, apical lobe rather strongly convex, side margins with
expansions wider and distinctly paler opposite the constriction ;

432

FAMILY XI. — LYG^EID^.

scutellum longer than wide, finely and sparsely punctate ; clavus
with regular rows of punctures, its commissure shorter than
scutellum ; elytra entire, reaching tip of abdomen ; front femora
strongly swollen, armed beneath with one spine and numerous
small teeth. Eight species are known from North America,
two occurring in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF EREMOCORIS.

a. Disk of front lobe of pronotum almost impunctate; femora not

pilose; smaller, length not over 6 mm. 385. ferus.

aa. Disk of front lobe of pronotum finely and sparsely punctate, each

puncture bearing an erect hair; femora thickly pilose with long

erect hairs ; larger, length 6.5 or more mm. 386. setosus.

385 (600). Eremocoris ferus (Say), 1832, 16; I, 333.

Elongate-oval. Head, disk of front lobe of pronotum, four stripes
on hind lobe, scutellum and under surface fuscous-black; side margins

of front lobe of pronotum and basal
half of elytra, pale brownish-yellow;
hind lobe of pronotum, except dark
stripes and apical half of elytra chest-
nut-brown, the corium with fuscous
blotches; membrane dark brown with
conspicuous pale spot each side near
apex of corium ; antennae fuscous, the
first joint and basal half of second
paler; front femora usually piceous,
shining, remainder of legs and beak
reddish-brown. Structural characters
as above given. Length, 5.2 — 6 mm.
(Fig. 90).

Frequent in southern Indiana ;
Lake and Starke counties only in
the northern portion. Occurs
throughout the year, hibernating
beneath cover along the borders of
upland woods, sometimes a dozen
or more within a space of a few
square inches ; in summer occur-
ring on the ground, more com-
monly in sandy places. Sherborn,
Mass., Oct. 24 (Frost). Ranges from Quebec and New Eng-
land west to Colorado and Vernon, B. C, and southwest to
South Carolina and Texas.

Fig. 90. X 10. (After Drake.
Tech. Publ. Xo. L6, X. Y. Si. Coll.
For. I .

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIIsLE. 433

386 ( — ). Eremocoris setosus Barber Ms.

Larger and darker than ferns. General color dark piceous-brown;
narrow side margins of pronotum and costal margin of corium dull yel-
low; hind lobe of pronotum, elytra, antennae and legs chestnut-brown,
tarsi paler. Pronotum longer, the constriction less evident than in ferus;
disk thickly pilose with erect yellowish hairs ; hind lobe coarsely punc-
tate. Head, elytra, femora and tibia? thickly beset with similar hairs.
Front tibia? of males strongly curved, the apex widened. Length,
7 — 7.5 mm.

Vigo, Putnam, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., May 6 — Aug.
11. Taken beneath logs on slopes of upland wooded pastures
and swept from boneset and other Compositse. Known in the
east from New York, New Jersey and Virginia.

IV. Scolopostethus Fieber, 1861, 49, 188.

Small elongate-oval species having the head triangular, sub-
porrect, inserted in thorax almost to eyes ; beak reaching
middle coxae; pronotum as in Eremocoris; scutellum elongate-
triangular, faintly carinate near apex ; elytra entire and reach-
ing tip of abdomen or abbreviated and reaching fifth dorsal.
Other characters as in generic key. Sixteen species are known,
four from North America. Of these three occur in our ter-
ritory, all having a northern range.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF SCOLOPOSTETHUS.

a. Apical third or less of elytra with a fuscous cross-bar.
b. Side margins of pronotum sinuate opposite the constriction and
rounded in front; front femora armed with small teeth both be-
fore and behind the larger spine; membrane in macropterous
form pale, the veins fuscous, without pale spot each side.

387. THOMSONI.

bb. Side margins of pronotum straight; front femora with small teeth
only in front of larger spine; membrane fuscous, variegated with
pale, in macropterous form with a large pale spot each side.

388. ATLANTICUS.

aa. Apical half or more of elytra pale brown without fuscous cross-bar;
side margins of pronotum almost straight; membrane dark brown
with a large pale spot each side; front femora armed as in
atlanticus. 389. diffidens.

387 (610). Scolopostethus thomsoni Reuter, 1874, 562.

Elongate-oval. Head except tylus, front lobe of pronotum, scutel-
lum and under surface piceous-black; side margins of pronotum and
costal margin of corium in great part pale yellow; hind lobe of prono-
tum and basal two-thirds of elytra brownish-yellow, sparsely and finely
punctate with fuscous ; antenna? at base reddish-yellow, the last two

434 FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^E.

joints darker; front femora and preapical ring on hind ones usually dark
brown ; remainder of legs and hind margins of pro- and metapleura pale
reddish-yellow. Head and front lobe of pronotum minutely sparsely
punctate; hind lobe of pronotum and scutellum more distinctly punctate.
Length, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Porter and Kosciusko counties, Ind., July 24 — Sept. 15. Taken
by sifting debris near sphagnum swamps. A European species
ranging in this country from New England west and north
to Colorado and Alaska. In the east not recorded south of
New Jersey. Van Duzee found it not uncommon near Buffalo,
N. Y., May to August, "among moss and rubbish in fence rows.
The long and short-winged forms occur together as with
Blissus leucopterus, with which it may be found in winter hiber-
nating."

388 (611). Scolopostethus atlanticus Horvath, 1893, 239.

Form and size of thomsoni. Color much as there, the hind margin of
posterior lobe of pronotum usually darker, the preapical cross-bar of
elytra more pronounced; last two joints of antennas, except extreme base
of third, fuscous-brown; legs wholly pale. Side margins of front lobe
of pronotum rounded in front. Length, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., April 2 (Barber) ; taken by sifting under
huckleberry. Sherborn, Mass., Oct. 18 (Frost). Ranges from
New England west to Washington and Vancouver, B. C, not
taken south of New Jersey. Bueno found it at the base of
clumps of tussock grass or sedge, May — July, and swept it in
numbers from the flowers or seeds of the tussock sedge in July.
Out of 80 specimens only five were macropterous, and three had
the antennas defective, one having both antennas only 3-jointed.

389 (612). Scolopostethus diffidens Horvath, 1893, 240.

Form and size of the other species. Color above paler; corium with
apical half or more pale brown, the hind margin fuscous-brown; antennae
with tip of second, apical half of third and all of fourth joints brownish;
femora all pale. Head and pronotum punctate as in thomsoni. Other
differences as in key.

Cedar Lake, N. J., Oct. 25 (Barber). Ranges from Quebec
and New England west to Idaho and California and south to
New Jersey. Occurs under dead leaves.

V. Valtissius Barber, 1918c, 62.

Small shining species having the head triangular, inserted in
thorax to eyes; antennas pilose, first joint nearly as long as

SUBFAMILY VII. — RHYPAROCHROMIJvLE. 435

third, exceeding tylus by one-third its length; beak reaching
hind coxae ; pronotum as in generic key, scarcely separated into
two lobes, side margins straight, gradually converging toward
apex ; clavus with three rows of punctures, its commissure
shorter than scutellum ; front femora armed beneath with a
few minute teeth and several long setae ; basal segment of hind
tarsus much longer than others united. One species is known.

390 (593). Valtissius diversus (Distant), 1893, 407.

Elongate-oval. Above pale dull yellow, the head and scutellum with
a brownish tinge; membrane milky-white; basal joint of antenna? reddish-
yellow, the remainder dull brownish; under surface pale brown, the
prosternum dull yellow. Third and fourth antennals subequal, second
slightly longer than either. Head across eyes, a little narrower than
front margin of pronotum. Hind lobe of pronotum and corium sparsely
punctate, each puncture bearing an inclined yellowish hair. Length, 3 mm.

Brazos Co., Tex. (Barber). A neotropical species described
from Guatemala and Panama and recorded from Florida and
Texas (Van D., 1917). A specimen in the U. S. Nat. Museum
is labeled Milwaukee Co., Wis.

VI. Xestocoris Van Duzee, 1906, 389.

Very small elongate-oval species having the head triangular,
porrect, inserted in thorax to eyes ; beak passing middle coxae ;
first antennal surpassing tylus by one-half its length, second
and fourth subequal, third slightly shorter ; pronotum subquad-
rate, about one-half wider than long, not constricted to form
two lobes ; scutellum flat, triangular, not carinate ; front femora
armed beneath with one large and three very small teeth. One
species is known.

391 (604). Xestocoris nitens Van Duzee, 1906, 390.

Elongate-oval, widest across apex of clavus. Head, disk of prono-
tum, scutellum and under surface, chestnut-brown, strongly shining;
narrow front and hind margins of pronotum, elytra and legs pale reddish-
brown; antenna? reddish-brown, third and fourth joints in part piceous.
Pronotum with a few coarse punctures behind front margin; hind angles
nodulose above. Scutellum, corium and clavus with sparse, coarse punc-
tures bearing erect hairs, those of the clavus in three rows. Membrane
very short, not passing tip of corium, its veins subobsolete. Length,
3—3.5 mm.

Indian Lake, Sabael, N. Y., Aug. 24 (Barber). Known only
from New England and New York. Occurs on the ground
beneath leaves and other debris in damn localities.

436

FAMILY XI. — LYG^ID^.

VII. Cryphula Stal, 1874, 165.

Small oblong-oval species having the head moderately de-
clivent, inserted in thorax to eyes; beak surpassing middle
coxae; pronotum subquadrate, two-thirds wider than long, sides
subparallel to near front angles, then suddenly rounded into
them, disk without transverse constriction ; scutellum very flat,
not carinate ; costal margin of corium rather broadly flattened ;
elytra either entire and reaching tip of abdomen, or more com-
monly abbreviated and reaching sixth dorsal ; front femora
armed beneath with three or four minute preapical teeth, and
several long bristles; tibiae beset with stiff bristles; basal joint
of hind tarsus one-half longer than the others united. Three
species are known from North America, one from the eastern
states.

392 (608). Cryphula parallelogram ma Stal, 1874, 165.

Oblong-oval. Head, disk of pronotum in great part, base of scutel-
lum and under surface, dark chestnut-brown and when fresh often with

a b uish bloom; narrow side margins of
pronotum and corium, hind angles of
pronotum and some spots near base, three
small elongate spots on apical half of
scutellum, the veins and some vague mark-
ings on corium, pale dull yellow; mem-
brane, macropterous form, grayish-brown,
veins paler near base; first and second
antennals brownish - yellow, third and
fourth dark brown ; legs pale brownish-
yellow, the front femora darker. First
antennal surpassing tylus by one-third its
length; second and fourth subequal, third
shorter. Pronotum with a few fine punc-
tures near front margin; basal third and
scutellum finely and sparsely punctate.
Clavus with three rows of punctures;
corium rather thickly and finely irregu-
larly punctate. Length, 3 — 4 mm. (Fig. 91).

Frequent in southern Indiana ; not taken, though probably
occurs, in the northern counties. Occurs throughout the year,
hibernating beneath stones and logs on the wooded slopes of
streams and along the borders of upland fields; in summer
found on the ground in similar localities beneath leaves and
other debris, the nymphs in September; also on one occasion
beaten from the flowers of the red haw, Cratagus punctata Jacq.
Bassenger, Istokpoga and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 21 — April 11;

Fig. 91, X 10. (Original).

THE RED-BUG FAMILY. 437

the first records for that State. Frequent about Dunedin, the
nymphs in February. Taken beneath up-ended blocks of freshly
sawed pine and by sifting vegetable debris. These Florida
specimens average smaller and somewhat darker than those
from Indiana. Ranges from New England and New York
west to Kansas and southwest to Florida, Texas and New
Mexico.

Family XII. PYRRHOCORID^l Fieber, 1860, 43.

The Red-bug Family.

A small family of elongate-oval subtropical or tropical species
of stout form, soft texture and usually strongly contrasting
colors, black or brown with red or yellow being the prevailing
hues. They have the head usually triangular, somewhat de-
clivent, inserted in thorax to eyes; ocelli absent; beak 4-
jointed ; " antennae slender, 4-jointed ; elytra without a cuneus ;
membrane with two large cells at base, these giving rise to
about eight branching veins (fig. 6, d) ; tarsi 3-jointed; osteola
absent. By many authors the family is treated as a subfamily
of Lygaeidae from which its members are distinguished mainly
by the absence of ocelli.

Only about 300 species of Pyrrhocoridae are known, those of
the first subfamily largely from the tropical regions of Central
and South America, where, says Uhler, "each geographical
province has two or three species peculiar to itself." They are
plant feeders, usually gregarious in habit, living in colonies
upon the foliage, to which they often do much damage. The
literature pertaining to them is widely scattered. Van Duzee
recognizes 22 species from America north of Mexico, nine of
which are recorded from the southern states. These represent
four genera, separated as follows :

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF PYRRHOCORID.E.

a. Sides of pronotum not margined or reflexed ; sixth ventral of female
cleft to the base. (Subfamily Euryophthalminse Van D.).
b. Head triangular, subdeclivent; eyes shortly stylated, strongly pro-
truding; form ovate; front coxa? unarmed.

I. EURYOPHTHALMUS, p. 438.

bb. Head subglobose, convex above and beneath; eyes sessile, but little
protruding; form narrow, elongate. II. Arhaphe, p. 440.

aa. Sides of pronotum margined and reflexed; sixth ventral entire in both
sexes. (Subfamily Pyrrhocorinse Stal).

53In reality 5-jointed, the basal joint very short, almost invisible.

438 FAMILY XII. — PYRRHOCORID^E.

c. Apical angle of corium rounded, fourth joint of antenna? scarcely
longer than third ; elytra often abbreviated.

III. Pyrrhocoris, p. 441.
cc. Apical angle of corium acute; fourth joint of antenna? much longer
than third ; elytra always entire, covering the abdomen.

IV. Dysdercus, p. 441.

I. Euryophthalmus Laporte, 1832, 38.

Rather large, narrowly oval species having the head inserted
in thorax to the prominent protruding eyes; antennae slender,
first joint longest, third shortest ; beak reaching or slightly
passing middle coxae; pronotum subtrapezoidal, edge of side
margins rounded, disk with a vague median transverse impres-
sion; .scutellum nearly an equilateral triangle, its apex acute;
corium slightly widened just behind the middle ; fore femora
armed beneath with two or three short preapical spines. Seven
species are recognized from the region north of Mexico, three
from the eastern states. They were formerly listed as Largus
Hahn.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF EURYOPHTHALMUS.

«. Ventral surface of abdomen black or piceous; membrane fuscous;

elytra without yellow spot.

6. Second and fourth joints of antennae subequal in length; color

above dull black, the side margins pale. 393. succinctus.

bb. Fourth joint of antenna? distinctly longer than second; color above

mainly dull red, punctured with fuscous. 394. davisi.

uu. Ventral surface of abdomen ivory-white or dull yellow; membrane

and a large spot on elytra dull yellow. 395. sellatus.

393 (617). Euryophthalmus succinctus (Lin-
naeus) , 1763, 17.

Elongate-oval, robust. Black, feebly shining,
sparsely clothed with a very fine grayish pubes-
cence; narrow side and hind margins of prono-
tum, costal margin of corium, edge of connexivum
and bases of femora dull red or reddish-yellow.
Third joint of antennae less than half the length
of second. Disk of front lobe of pronotum im-
punctate, slightly convex, declivent in front; of
hind lobe almost flat, coarsely and sparsely punc-
tate. Scutellum and corium rather coarsely,
evenly, not densely punctate; connexivum nar-
Fig. 92 x 2 rowlv exposed. Membrane usuallv reaching sixth

(Alter Uhlcrl

dorsal. Length, 14 — 17 mm. (Fig. 92).

Sanford and Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 12 — April 3. Occurs infre-
quently in winter on the foliage of wax-myrtle and oak. Found

THE RED-BUG FAMILY. 439

throughout Florida as far south as Ft. Myers. A species of
southern range, extending along the Atlantic coast from New
York southwest to Florida, Texas, Colorado and Arizona, part
of the records probably referring to the next. Uhler records
it (1884, 288) as "living along the borders of oak woods in
Maryland and Virginia, appearing fully adult in the months of
July and August. The young stages are of a brilliant steel-
blue color with reddish legs and a bright red spot at the base of
the abdomen." Morrill (1910, 94) mentions it as injurious to
cotton bolls in Texas and states that its host plant in that
region is the weed, Solanum torreyi Gray.

394 (618). Euryophthalmus davisi (Barber), 1914, 507.

Elongate-oval, robust. Disk of front lobe of pronotum, basal half
or more of scutellum and entire under surface dull black, densely clothed
with a short, fine, silvery gray pubescence; membrane pale brown;
remainder of upper surface dull red punctured with fuscous, and more
sparsely pubescent. Antenna? and legs black, the bases of femora red.
Third joint of antenna? half the length of second, the two united subequal
to first. Pronotum relatively narrower and slightly shorter than in
succinctus, its disk feebly declivent from the base forward ; hind lobe
more finely punctate. Length, 10 — 14 mm.

Moore Haven, Caxambus, R. P. Park, Sarasota and Dunedin,
Fla., Dec. 2 — April 12. Frequent about Dunedin on low herb-
age and beneath cover along the margins of wet-weather ponds.
The types were from St. Augustine and as far as known it
occurs only along or near the coasts of that State. It was men-
tioned by Uhler (1876, 315) as being a variety of succinctus "of
a dirty sand-red occurring on the sea-islands of Florida ;" also
(1884, 288) "specimens (of succinctus) from the sea-coast of
Florida are of a pale tile-red color above and bluish-gray be-
neath." Aside from color, the longer fourth antennal and more
densely pubescent surface easily distinguish it from succinctus.

395 (620). Euryophthalmus sellatus (Guerin), 1857, 401.

Oblong-oval. Head, antenna?, middle of thorax, scutellum, base of
clavus, corium in great part, sterna, tibia? and tarsi dull black, sparsely
and finely pubescent; hind lobe of pronotum, a large common spot on
clavus and corium and entire membrane dull yellow; apical fourth and
side margins of pronotum, costal margin of corium and front and middle
femora orange red; hind femora with apical half in great r>art b^ack.
First and fourth joints of antenna? subequal, second and third united
subequal to fourth. Pronotum with sides sinuate near middle; front
lobe with central black portion of disk elevated, depressed orange portion

440 FAMILY XII. — PYRRHOCORID^E.

with a curved row of coarse punctures; hind lobe impunctate except a
few punctures in front. Length, 10 mm.

Guantanamo, Cuba, Feb. 15 (do-hard). Vinales, Cuba, Sept.
16 (Barber). Described from that island. Recorded from St.
Augustine, Fla., by Barber. The color varies to some extent,
the front margin of each ventral and a ring on middle femora
being often black.

II. Arhaphe Herrich-Schaeffer, 1853, 175, 183.

Elongate slender-bodied species having the head subglobose,
wider than pronotum, usually pilose with erect bristles, rounded
and sessile behind the eyes, its front almost vertical; pronotum
bell-shaped, strongly constricted at middle, front lobe sub-
globose, one-third longer and distinctly narrower than hind
one; scutellum large, sub-equilateral; elytra brachypterous,
reaching middle of third dorsal ; front femora unarmed. One
of the three known North American species occurs in the south-
ern states.

396 (623). Arhaphe Carolina Herrich-Schaeffer, 1853, 183.

Elongate, subparallel. Black, shining; front lobe of pronotum and
under surface, except middle of abdomen, densely clothed with a floccose

yellowish-white pubescence; corium with a
large triangular posthumeral whitish spot,
the apex forward, this followed by a broad
velvety-black cross-bar, the apex behind this
yellowish-white ; membrane ye'lowish-white
at base, the apical third black; tarsi brown.
Head, pronotum, scutellum and elytra ex-
cept membrane, coarsely, rather sparsely
punctate, each puncture bearing a suberect
black or white stiff hair. First and fourth
antennals subequal, third shortest. Beak
reaching middle coxa?. Membrane with
veins scarcely perceptible, reaching middle
of fourth dorsal. Connexivum of male al-
most flat, of female strongly reflexed.
Pig. 93, x 3. (Original). Length, 8 — 10 mm. (Fig. 93).

Istokpoga and Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 4 — March 29; one speci-
men taken at each place while sweeping Ericads ; four others at
Dunedin hibernating in bases of tufts of grass along a sandy
roadway. No other Florida record. Rabun Co., Ga., July
(Davis). Mobile, Ala., Feb. 12 (Gerhard). Ranges from "Caro-
lina," the type locality, southwest to Texas and Mexico.

THE RED-BUG FAMILY. 441

III. Pyrrhocoris Fallen, 1814, 9.

Oval subdepressed species of medium size having the front
of head declivent, as wide across eyes as front margin of prono-
tum ; first joint of beak slightly longer than head ; pronotum
subquadrate, front margin broadly concave, side margins acute,
reflexed ; elytra often abbreviated and then without a mem-
brane, apical margin of corium rounded. One introduced Euro-
pean species has been taken in the eastern states.

397 (626). Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus), 1758, 447.

Elongate-oval. Black, shining; pronotum orange-red, a large sub-
lunate transverse callosity on front lobe and cross-bar on hind one black;
corium orange-red, a triangular spot near base and a larger round one
on apical third black; membrane fuscous-brown; connexivum, coxa? and
hind margins of all pleura and sixth ventral orange-red. Antenna? fus-
cous-black, finely and sparsely pubescent; joint 1 rather stout, feebly
curved, as long as head; 2 more slender and slightly longer than 1; 3
half the length of 2. Pronotum with callosity on front lobe smooth or
minutely strigose; remainder of disk, as well as that of scutellum,
coarsely and irregularly punctate, hind margin truncate. Elytra very
finely and sparsely punctate. Length, 9.5 — 10.5 mm.

France (U. S. Nat. Mus.) . A cosmopolitan species recorded
from Snake Hill, N. J., by Barber (1911b, 112). Distant men-
tions it also from Costa Rica.

IV. Dysdercus Amyot & Serville, 1843, 272.

Elongate-oval, depressed glabrous species of medium size
having the head porrect, convex, inserted in thorax to eyes and
wider across them than front margin of pronotum ; antennae
slender, first joint usually longest, second and fourth often sub-
equal, third shortest ; beak reaching second ventral ; pronotum
subtrapezoidal, narrowed in front, side margins acute, reflexed,
disk with a deep transverse impression in front of middle, front
lobe with a wide usually pale collar ; scutellum small, impunc-
tate, not carinate ; fore femora armed beneath with several
small preapical spines. This is a large genus of particolored
species, the red largely predominating. Stal (1874, 117) recog-
nized 32 from America and Van Duzee (1917) nine from
the United States. Of these four occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF DYSDERCUS.

a. Corium red, narrowly margined with white, usually with a large
transverse dark spot on apical third; length usually less than 11
mm. 398. andre^e.

442 FAMILY XII. — PYRRHOCORID^.

aa. Corium not red and without a black spot; length, 11.5 or more mm.

b. Ventral segments red or brown, their hind margins white; femora

red.

c. Corium pale with a black or brown stripe, or black or brown with

a wide pale outer margin; hind lobe of pronotum impunctate;

scutellum black. 399. mimus.

cc. Corium black or brown with narrow costal and apical margins

pale; hind lobe of pronotum evidently but shallowly punctate;

scutellum dull red. 400. suturellus.

bb. Ventrals black; femora piceous. 401. obscuratus.

398 (632). Dysdercus andre^e (Linnaeus), 1758, 448.

Elongate-oval. Clear red; front and hind submargins and narrow
edge of side margins of pronotum, disk of clavus, spot on apical third
of corium, antennae, tibia? and tarsi, dull fuscous to black; narrow front
and hind margins of pronotum, inner and apical margins of corium, outer
edge of clavus and hind margin of each ventral segment yellowish-white ;
membrane purplish-black, the very narrow margin white. Pronotum im-
punctate, its side margins slightly concave. Length, 8 — 11.5 mm.

Baracon, Cuba, April (Davis). Jamaica, W. I. (Gerhard).
Taken at Biscayne Bay, Fla., by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Van Duzee
(1907, 18) records it as very common in Jamaica, occurring in
great numbers on trees and bushes and frequently coming to
light at night. Hunter (1902) states that in Cuba it often
does much damage to cotton, dwarfing the bolls and staining
the fibre. He calls it the "St. Andrew's cotton-stainer" in al-
lusion to the white cross formed by the markings on the elytra,
and adds "more than a century ago Sloane, a traveller in
Jamaica, referred to the insect as 'a Cimex of a scarlet-red with
a white St. Andrew's cross on its back.' It is very often to be
met with amongst flowers." The Capsus ocreatus Say (I, 338),
Van Duzee No. 634, is probably this species. Say's descrip-
tion, as far as it goes, agrees with andrea. He does not men-
tion the "cross" on the back, but perhaps had a specimen in
which it was absent as it is in one before me. His type was
from Georgia and no subsequent record has been made.

399 (627). Dysdercus mimus (Say), 1832, 20; I, 338.

Elongate, narrowly oval. Color and size exceedingly variable,
usually with occiput, antennae, disk of hind lobe of pronotum, scutellum,
clavus and disk of corium dark brown to blackish fuscous; head (except
occiput) extreme base of antennae and front lobe of pronotum (except
collar) bright red; side margins of pronotum and broad outer margin
of corium ochre yellow; membrane brown, its edge narrowly pale; col-
lar, hind margin of each ventral segment and coxal plates ivory-white;
front half or more of each ventral red or brown; femora red, tibiae and

THE RED-BUG FAMILY.

443

tarsi piceous. Side margins and collar of pronotum and costal margin
of corium broader and more refiexed than in our other species. Length,
11—18 mm.

Orizaba, Mexico, July (W. S. B.) ; common on foliage and
flowers in gardens and moist waste places. Biscayne Bay, Fla.,
Slosson Coll. Described from Mexico and known in this coun-
try also from Texas, Arizona and California. Uhler (1876,
314) states that "in some varieties the head, pronotum and
corium are entirely black and from this to a variety with only
a point of black on middle of corium, every phase occurs." In
two of the examples at hand the ventral segments are almost
wholly ivory-white, in others largely brown or red. Stal (1854,
236) described Say's typical form as D. albidiventris and limited
Say's name to the two varieties mentioned by Say, a proceed-
ing not in accordance with the ethics of present day nomencla-
ture. His flavo-limbatus (1861, 198) appears from the descrip-
tion and Distant's figure to be the same as Say's var. a and his
two names, as well as Distant's obscuratus will in time probably
be found to apply only to color varieties of Say's species.

400 (633). Dysdercus suturellus (Herrich-Schaeffer) , 1842, 76.

Elongate, narrowly oval. Ground color bright to dull red ; disks
of hind lobe of pronotum, clavus and corium dark brown ; collar of prono-
tum, narrow margins of clavus and costal
and apical margins of corium yellowish-
white; membrane dark brown, the narrow
apical margins pale; antenna? piceous-
brown, the extreme base red; femora red,
the tibiae, tarsi and apical joint of beak
piceous-black. Pronotum with side mar-
gins strongly refiexed ; disk of hind lobe,
as well as those of clavi and elytra, sparsely,
finely, shallowly punctate. Length, 12 — 17
mm. (Fig. 94).

Lakeland, Utopia, R. P. Park, Moore
Haven, Ft. Myers, Cape Sable, Caxam-
bus and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 22 — Aug.
5 (W.S.B.). Recorded from numer-
ous other stations and doubtless found
throughout the State. Occurs in
colonies on foliage of wild Hibiscus,
cotton and other Malvaceae, and also attracted to light. Known
as the "cotton-stainer" or "red-bug," and does much damage to

Fig. 94, X 3.
(After Riley and Howard)

444 FAMILY XIII. — THAUMASTOCORID^E.

cotton by sucking the juices of the young bolls, the injury
often resulting in staining the fibre of the mature bolls by the
injured seeds. Ranges from South Carolina to Alabama, the
Bahamas and West Indies. For a full account of its habits see
Riley and Howard (1889) .

401 (635). Dysdercus obscuratus Distant, 1883, 230.

"Closely allied to D. flavo-limbatus Stal, but differing in having the
anterior lobe of pronotum (excluding the anterior and lateral margins)
black with a reddish spot each side; beneath the ground color of the
abdomen is black and not red, the femora piceous. Long. 10 — 15 mm."
(Distct)it) .

Described from Costa Rica. Recorded by Van Duzee, 1917,
from "S. St.," with a note "Reference for this record lost."
Judging from the above brief description and the figure of Dis-
tant it is probably but a color variety of D. mimus (Say) .

Family XIII. THAUMASTOCORID^E Reuter, 1912b, 58.

The Royal Palm Bugs.

Small, flattened, oblong-oval insects, having the head porrect ;
beak short, 3-jointed ; antennae 4-jointed ; ocelli present, widely
separated ; elytra entire, wider and longer than abdomen, mem-
brane without veins ; osteola invisible ; coxae globular, widely
separated; tarsi 2- jointed ; venter of male consisting of eight
segments besides the genital, of female with seventh segment
covering the genital.

Three genera are known, two from Australia, the other
represented in Cuba and Florida by a single species.

I. Xylastodoris Barber, 1920, 100.

In addition to the family characters mentioned, this genus
has the head nearly as wide as long, tylus and cheeks subequal
in length, with sides parallel ; bucculae low, widely separated ;
beak not reaching middle of prosternum ; pronotum wider than
long, its margins expanded, slightly elevated ; clavus with sides
parallel ; commissure shorter than scutellum ; tarsal claws fur-
nished with arolia; male with seven pairs of spiracles on the
ventral surface.

402 ( — ). Xylastodoris luteolus Barber, 1920, 101.

Oblong-oval, strongly depressed. Color a uniform pale yellow; eyes
reddish-brown ; apical half of fourth antennal, tip of beak and usually
the apex of scutellum, fuscous-brown. Head with apex subtruncate,

SUPERFAMILY. — TINGIDOIDE^.

445

abruptly contracted behind eyes, the latter not contiguous with prono-
tum. Joint 1 of antennae reaching apical third of cheeks, 2 and 3 sub-
equal, each about twice as long as 1, 4
slightly fusiform, pubescent, almost as long
as 3. Pronotum with a rather wide, shal-
low submedian transverse impression; sides
flattened, feebly concave near middle, hind
lobe finely thickly punctate. Scutellum sub-
equilateral, disk slightly concave, sparsely
punctate and with a vague median carina.
Elytra subhyaline, distinctly punctats, mar-
gins rather widely flattened. Length, 2 — 2.5
mm. (Fig. 95).

Miami Beach, Fla., May 12 ; from
young leaves of royal palm 35 feet
above the ground (R. Hart). Santiago
de las Vegas, Cuba, May (Barber). Re-
corded by Moznette (1921, 11) from
Cocoanut Grove, Fla., where it was
causing much damage to the expand-
ing leaflets of the royal palm, Oreodoxa
regia H. B. K.

Pig. 95, X 28.
(After Barber).

Superfamily TINGIDOIDE^E Reuter, 1921b, 27.

This superfamily comprises those members of Reuter's
Series Anonychia which are principally characterized by hav-
ing the upper surface of the body, especially the elytra, more or
less finely reticulate or lace-like. They also agree in having the
bucculse elevated to form a sulcus for the reception of the beak ;
antennae 4-jointed, joint 2 short, 3 longest, 4 fusiform with
apex sometimes attenuate ; pronotum usually more or less pro-
longed backward to cover the scutellum ; elytra always devoid
of a cuneus and with membrane usually ill-defined ; hind coxae
rotatory ; tarsal claws with arolia. To the superfamily belong
only two families.

KEY TO FAMILIES OF TIXGIDOIDE^E.

a. Ocelli present; cheeks longer than tylus; pronotum not prolonged
behind to cover the scutellum; membrane well defined, not reticu-
late. Mainly terrestrial ; phytophagous.

Family XIV. Piesmid^e, p. 447.
aa. Ocelli absent; cheeks not longer than tylus; pronotum more or less
prolonged backward, covering the scutellum; membrane reticu-
late, feebly differentiated. Terrestrial, thamnophilous or arboreal;
phytophagous. Family XV. Tingidid^, p. 448.

446

PLOIARIID^E AND TINGIDID^E.

Plate IV. Pi.iiiAKiiD.i: and Tingididje.
Pig l Emesay'a brevipennis (Say); 2. Piesma cinerea (Say): 3, Melanofhopala
clavata Stal ; 4, Physatocheila plexa (Say); 5, Gelchossa heidemanni (O. & D.) ; 6,
Corythuca marmorata Uhler ; 7, Gargaphia angulata Heid. ; 8, Stephanitts pynotaes
Scott. (After Walden, in Hemiptera of Connecticut).

THE ASH-GRAY LEAF-BUGS. 447

Family XIV. PIESMID^ Amyot & Serville, 1843, 300.
The Ash-gray Leaf-bugs.

Small oblong-oval Heteroptera having the head porrect, in-
serted in thorax to eyes ; cheeks longer than tylus and usually
contiguous in front of it ; ocelli present ; beak 4-jointed, slight-
ly surpassing front coxae ; pronotum subquadrate, elevated be-
hind the middle, disk carinate, not prolonged backward over the
scutellum ; macropterous forms with corium closely reticulated,
its discoidal area divided by a longitudinal vein ; clavus and
membrane distinct, the former reticulated, the latter finely
granulated but without cells; tarsi 2-jointed.

The family is represented by only a single genus and has in
the past often been classed as a subfamily either of the Lygaei-
dae or the Tingididae, but is in reality a connecting link between
the two. Our North American species have recently been
treated by McAfee (1919b).

I. Piesma Le Peletier & Serville, 1828, 653.

In addition to the characters above given, the species of this
genus have the head wider than long; antenniferous spines
prominent, acute; antennae shorter than head and pronotum
united, joint 1 stout, not reaching tip of tylus, 2 oval, shorter
than 1, 3 slender, as long as the others united, 4 subclavate,
pubescent; pronotum narrowed in front, side margins flat-
tened, disk with five low but distinct carinae, the middle one
anterior, shorter than the others ; thorax on under side of front
portion of pronotum hollowed out, forming a cavity to the
inner wall of which is attached a large mass of muscles; scu-'
tellum very small, nodulose at apex ; commissure of clavus four
times as long as scutellum ; elytra covering the abdomen ; mem-
brane with four oblique cross-veins. Of the ten nominal spe-
cies recognized by McAfee only one is known from the eastern
states.

403 (636). Piesma cinerea (Say), 1832, 27; I, 349.

Oblong-oval. Dull gray or straw-yellow, more or less mottled with
brown or fuscous, the elevated hind lobe of pronotum often almost
wholly brown; costal margin of elytra alternated with pale and dark;
antenna? and legs dull yellow, the fourth antennal and claws darker.
Pronotum narrower in front than behind, side margins broadly shal-
lowly emarginate near middle; disk densely rather coarsely punctate,
the carina? distinct. Length, 2.7—3.2 mm. (PI. IV, fig. 2).

448 FAMILY XIV. — PIESMID.E.

Common throughout Indiana, more so in the southern coun-
ties. Found throughout the year, hibernating in colonies be-
neath the bark of oak, sycamore and other trees and beneath
logs and rubbish near them ; in spring and summer on the
rough pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L., also on the foliage of
sycamore, buckeye, beech and various other plants. Lakeland,
Sanford, LaBelle, Ft. Myers, Chokoloskee and Dunedin, Fla.,
Feb. 9 — April 3 ; taken on foliage of the button-wood, Cono-
carpus crecta L., and beneath bark and chunks along the mar-
gins of ponds. Recorded from Florida only from Lake Worth.
These southern specimens differ from those in Indiana in
being of a general paler hue, and in having the cheeks cylin-
drical, porrect, or even curved upward and not meeting in
front of tylus ; thorax narrower with sides more explanate,
very feebly if at all emarginate. They may be known as var.
floridana.

P. cinerea is a species of wide distribution, ranging from On-
tario and New England westward to the Pacific and southwest
to Florida, Texas and Mexico. It has been recorded by Sum-
mers as injuring the leaves and flowers of grapes. Weis &
Lott (1924, 233) state that in New Jersey it feeds by hundreds
on the flower heads and foliage of the dark green bulrush,
Scirpus atrovirens Muhl., and the rough pig-weed above men-
tioned, causing the upper surface of the leaves to become mot-
tled or spotted with white. A wholly pale form, var. inornata
McAfee, one specimen of which is at hand from Indiana, occurs
rarely with the typical one.

Family XV. TINGIDID^ Laporte, 1832, 47.

The Lace Bugs.

Small oval or oblong species, having the upper surface retic-
ulated, usually in such a manner as to cause the areola? or cells
to resemble gauze or lace work, hence the common name. The
head is small, triangular ; cheeks shorter than tylus ; ocelli
absent ; vertex often furnished with spines ; antennae 4-jointed,
the third joint longest ; beak 4-jointed ; pronotum with disk
carinate, prolonged backward in the form of a triangular
process which in our species covers the scutellum ; elytra more
or less reticulated throughout, without distinct clavus or mem-
brane (fig. 96) ; disk of corium not divided by a longitudinal
vein, its cells membranous, often hyaline ; tarsi 2-jointed.

THE LACE BUGS.

449

C05t3l area (costal m embrane of Stal J

Su DCOStal area ( costal area of Stal )

m

u

<cm,

mm®$mm§^®gjg$g§

'■Po 9°oS>c>0

mmmmmi

— •^xSSSSBS

,<5S

Areoles

msm?

Fig. 96. Elytron of a Tingid, Physatocheila plexa (Say) showing the areas and
the areola or cells. (After Parshley in Hemiptera of Connecticut).

The family is represented throughout the world, about 350
species being known. All are plant feeders, living mainly in
all stages on the under sides of leaves, where they suck the
sap causing the upper surface to become whitened and the
lower one spotted and discolored by their excrement. Each spe-
cies has its preferential host-plant on which, or on closely allied
plants, it spends its life. The adults of many species hiber-
nate beneath bark, dead leaves or other cover. Others pass
the winter in the egg stage, the eggs being either attached
to the under surface of the leaves and covered with a dark,
somewhat shining varnish-like substance, or inserted in the tis-
sues and covered with a brownish scab-like crust. The more
common or better known species are two-brooded and undergo
four or five nymphal stages, the first brood appearing in May or
June, the second in late August or September. The principal lit-
erature on our American species has appeared in recent years,
scores of new species having been described in and since 1916,
when Osborn & Drake issued their "Tingitoidea of Ohio." That
most useful to the student is as follows: Stal, 1873; Uhler,
1878; Distant, 1897; Bueno, 1916; Gibson, 1918, 1919; Barber
& Weiss, 1922 ; Bergroth, 1922, and the numerous papers of
Osborn & Drake, Parshley, Heidemann and Drake, mentioned
in the Bibliography near the end of this work.

More than 120 species of the family are now recognized from
North America, 73 of which occur in the eastern states. These
are divided among 22 genera, all belonging to the subfamily

450

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID/E.

Tinginse Stal, which is characterized by having the scutellum
wholly concealed by the prolonged triangular posterior portion
of pronotum and the clavus wanting. For convenience of
treatment the subfamily is separated into three tribes. The
names of the principal structures used in their classification
are shown in figs. 96 and 97.

Spine

■Vert

Marginal

Bucc

Hemielytron

Fig. 07. Structures of Tingididje

a Dorsal view of head and pronotum of Gelchossa oblonga (Say) ; b, dorsal view
ronotum or (or^/Mu-, dliata (Say); c and a, lateraj t and ventra views o the
■ species. All greatly enlarged. (After Garman in Hemiatera oi ( onnectieutj.

of pronotu
same spec

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 451

KEY TO EASTERN TRIBES OF SUBFAMILY TING1N.E.

a. Front part of pronotum elevated into a more or less inflated or
bulbous hood ; paranota and costal margins of elytra expanded
and projected much beyond the sides of body (fig. 97, b, d) .
b. Elytra for the most part widely reticulate and membranous, the
cells usually hyaline; discoidal area of elytra confined to the
basal half; osteolar opening (metasternal orifice) distinct, rare-
ly (Galeatus and Dictyonota) wanting (figs. 97, d, 98).

Tribe I. Galeatini, p. 451.
66. Elytra closely reticulated, the cells, except those of costal area,
small and mostly subopaque; discoidal area reaching apical third
or fourth; osteolar openings absent (fig. 111).

Tribe II. Acalyptini, p. 479.
aa. Front part of pronotum without an inflated hood, its median carina
often slightly elevated to form a small hood-like elevation; elytra
closely reticulate and for the most part coriaceous and opaque;
paranota and costal margins of elytra much less expanded, but
little projecting beyond the sides of body (fig. 116).

Tribe III. Physatocheilini, p. 482.

Tribe I. GALEATINI tribus novum.

In this tribe, which includes our most common and best
known species of lace-bugs, the reticulation of the upper sur-
face is best developed, the areolae or cells at times being very
large and transparent. The hood varies much in form and
size, being usually large and spherical behind, the front por-
tion usually entirely covering the head, but often compressed
and reaching only to vertex (fig. 97, a) ; side margins of pro-
notum (known as paranota) as well as those of the elytra, flat-
tened and extending much beyond sides of body ; backward
prolongation of pronotum usually tricarinate. Ten of our east-
ern genera are included in the tribe.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF TRIBE GALEATINI.

a. Pronotal hood large, bulbous, cleft behind to receive the front por-
tion of a compressed elevation formed by the two greatly enlarged
hemispherical lateral carina?; areola? of elytra very large, rectan-
gular, vitreous (fig. 98). I. Galeatus, p. 452.
aa. Hood not cleft behind ; lateral carina? of pronotum not expanded and
elevated; areolae much smaller.
6. Pronotal hood large, extending completely over the head; front
portion of median carina of pronotum more elevated than the
lateral carina?.
c. Hood with front portion triangular and compressed, hind portion
usually bulbous; basal third of each elytron with a tumid ele-
vation.

452 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDIDjE.

d. Lateral carina of pronotum abbreviated, not extending forward
to hood; hood compressed in front, bulbous behind, usually dis-
tinctly higher than median pronotal carina.
e. Side margins of paranota and basal portion of costal margins
of elytra usually furnished with a fringe of small spines;
costal margins of elytra usually in great part parallel, rarely
slightly concave. II. CORYTHUCA, p. 453.

ee. Side margins of paranota and elytra without spinules; margins
of elytra convexly rounded, never parallel, the costal area
much expanded behind middle. III. Stephanitis, p. 468.

dd. Lateral carina of pronotum entire, reaching hood; margins of
paranota and costal margin of elytra with a fringe of fine
hairs; hood compressed throughout its length, viewed from
the side scarcely as high as median carina.

IV. Leptobyrsa, p. 469.
cc. Hood elongate, curved downward over the head, its crest with a
single row of cells each side of median carina; elytra without
tumid elevations, but with margins of discoidal areas strongly
elevated. V. Corythaica, p. 470.

bb. Pronotal hood small, viewed from the side compressed, not extend-
ed over the head ; median carina of pronotum but little more ele-
vated than lateral ones; basal third of elytra without elevations.
/. Third antennal segment much thickened, rugose and bearing nu-
merous short erect seta. VI. Dictyonota, p. 472.
//. Third antennal segment slender, usually without seta.

g. Median groove of sterna interrupted by a transverse sinuous
carina between the meso- and metasternum; costal areas of
elytra much expanded, not parallel at base, furnished with
four or five rows of areola. VII. Gargaphia, p. 472.

gg. Median groove of sterna not interrupted by a cross carina.
h. Pronotum tricarinate, the carina entire, reaching hood; side
margins of paranota without spines.
i. Form elongate, slender; costal area of elytra subparallel at
base, sinuate and narrowed at or behind middle; paranota
not formed of two membranes united on the outer edge.

VIII. Gelchossa, p. 475.
ii. Form oval ; costal area of elytra broadly curved, not narrowed
at middle; paranota formed of an upper and lower mem-
brane which are separated on outer edge by a membrane
containing a single row of cells. IX. Leptodictya, p. 477.
hh. Pronotum with only a median carina; side margins of paranota
with prominent processes or spines.

X. ACANTHOCHEILA, p. 479.

I. Galeatus Curtis, 1833, 196.

Relatively large species, having the head armed with five
long, acute black spines ; paranota strongly flattened and re-
flexed, each with a single row of five areolae, the three inner

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI.

453

ones much the larger ; pronotum with a small bilobed preapical
hood, enlarged behind into a large discal globose one, the latter
as in key ; elytra widely flattened, surpassing abdomen by near-
ly half their length ; costal area with a single row of very large

quadrangular areolae; osteola absent.
One of the two known North Amer-
ican species occurs in the eastern
states.

404 (651). Galeatus peckhami (Ash-
mead), 1887, 156.
Elongate-oblong. Head and body
black ; nervures of pronotum and elytra
brown or fuscous; areolae mostly trans-
parent or vitreous, those of the discal
hood, lateral carina? and sutural area
clouded ; antenna? and legs yellowish,
tarsi and fourth antennal darker. First
joint of antennae twice the length of sec-
ond, third longer than the others united.
Elytral margins abruptly narrowed and
sinuate near base, broadly rounded at
apex. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm. (Fig. 98).

Fig. 9S, X 10. (After Drake,
Tech. Pub. No. 16, N. Y. St. Coll.
For.).

Cranberry Lake, N. Y., Aug. 5
(Drake). A species of northern dis-
tribution, ranging from Ontario and northern New England
west to Wisconsin (type locality) and Manitoba. Recorded
also from Las Vegas, N. M.,,+ and Japan by Uhler (1904, 354;
1896, 265) . Host plants aster and boneset.

II. Corythuca Stal, 1873, 119.

Small oblong or subquadrate species having the pronotal hood
more or less globose, its apical extension entirely covering the
head, reaching in front of tylus ; sternal groove not interrupted
by a cross carina ; bucculse united in front ; antennae slender, be-
set with fine bristly hairs, joint 1 twice or more the length of 2,
3 longer than 1 and 2 united, 4 shorter and stouter than 3;
pronotum tricarinate, its paranota broad, more or less reflexed,
the edges of their side margins with spines ; elytra subquad-
rate, narrowed at base, the costal margin of basal half re-
flexed, furnished with spines; disk with a tumid elevation on
basal third ; nervures of upper surface often bearing a few
scattered erect spines ; osteolar opening present.

54Since described by Horvath (1923) as a new species.

454 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^.

The genus is a large one, about 50 species now being known
from North America, 24 of which occur in the eastern states.
Of them Prof. Comstock has written : "Dainty as fairy brides
are these tiny lace-draped insects. One glance at the fine
white meshes that cover the wings and spined thorax is suf-
ficient to distinguish them from all other insects, for these
are the only ones that are clothed from head to foot in a fine
white Brussels net." For convenience our species are sepa-
rated into three groups.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF CORYTHUCA.

a. Crest of hood much elevated, nearly or quite three times as high
as median carina of pronotum (figs. 100, a and b, and 102, 6).

Group A, p. 454.

aa. Crest of hood lower, never more than twice as high as median

carina (fig. 102, d) .

b. Costal area of elytra without a conspicuous brown basal and apical

cross-bar. Group B, p. 458.

66. Costal area with a well marked basal cross-bar and usually also

with an apical one. Group C, p. 460.

Group A. — CORYTHUCA.

This group comprises eight rather large eastern species all
having the hood more than twice as high as the front part of
median pronotal carina.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP A, CORYTHUCA.

a. Entire side margins of both paranota and elytra dark brown; front
of head, viewed from the side, almost vertical. 405. bulbosa.

aa. Costal area of elytra with a more or less evident basal and apical
cross-bar, the space between these usually in great part pale;
front of hood declivent.
6. Costal margins of elytra distinctly broadly concave; paranota with-
out spots; cells of hood very large; marginal spines long.

406. CORYLI.

66. Costal margins of elytra straight or nearly so.

c. Outer half of paranota with a large dark brown spot or stripe;
hind margin of apical band of elytra straight. 407. cydoni^e.
cc. Outer half of paranota with small brown spots or none; hind
margins of apical band of elytra rounded or irregular.
d. Larger, length 3.5 or more mm.
e. Hood very large, subspherical, as wide or wider than high;
length 4 or more mm. 408. associata.

ee. Hood smaller, usually less spherical, distinctly higher than
wide; length less than 4 mm.
/. Areolae of hood and paranota opaque, creamy white; length
3.5 mm. 409. elegans.

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 455

ff. Areolae of hood and paranota mostly hyaline.
g. Hood large, globose, evenly rounded dorsally; length 3.5 — 3.9
mm. 410. pallipes.

gg. Hood smaller, not globose, its sides meeting at a sharp angle
along median dorsal line; length 3.7 mm.

411. HEIDEMANNI.

dd. Smaller, length not over 3 mm.; crest of hood angulate; apical
dark bar of elytra with two or three hyaline cells.

412. BELLULA.

405 (649%). Corythuca bulbosa Osborn & Drake, 1916, 232.

Subquadrate. Body black; antenna? and legs yellowish, tips of tarsi
and fourth antennal brownish; hood fuscous-brown, the center of a few
cells hyaline; paranota fuscous, the inner one or two rows of cells
hyaline; pronotum blackish, its apical half paler; elytra fuscous-brown,
the center of two cells near apex and the inner one or two rows of cells
of subcostal area, clear hyaline. Hood very large, its crest nearly three
times as high as median carina, compressed near middle, front portion
triangular, subvertical ; hind portion globose, its cells large, irregular.
Median pronotal carina arched, spinose in front and with two or three
large cells; lateral carina? very short and low without areolae. Costal
margins of elytra straight, parallel, their spines short, dark. Length,
4.3 — 4.6 mm.

Posey Co., Ind., Sept. 22; beaten from its host plant, the
bladder-nut, Staphylea trifolia L. Probably occurs on that plant
throughout the southern half of the State. Its known range
extends from New Jersey and Maryland west to southern Indi-
ana. Our largest and darkest species of the genus.

406 (644%). Corythuca coryli Osborn & Drake, 1917, 299.

Oblong, subquadrate. Body black, apical ventral segment in part
brown; antennae and legs dull yellow; nervures of hood brown, of para-
nota whitish, cells of both hyaline; elytra with wide basal and preapical
brown cross-bars, the intervening space and extreme tip hyaline. Mar-
ginal spines long, tipped with black. Hood slightly more than twice as
high as median carina, the cells of its globose part very large. Median
carina arched and with a single large cell. Length, 2.8 mm.

Vigo Co., Ind., June 12, swept from its host plant, the hazel-
nut, Cory/us americana Walt. Newfoundland, N. J., July 6
(Davis) . Recorded heretofore only from Maryland and Vir-
ginia.

407 (639%). Corythuca cydoni^e (Fitch), 1861, 25.

Oblong or subquadrangular. Body black; abdomen with apex and
sometimes the sides in part, dull yellow; antennae and legs yellow, tarsi
and fourth antennal in part darker; hood with nervures and part of the
areolae brownish; paranota yellowish with large brown spot each side;
elytra with basal and preapical fuscous-brown cross-bars, the latter

456 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

with two or three small indistinct transparent cells, apex hyaline. Hood
abruptly compressed at middle, hind portion globose with large cells,
front portion subtriangular with smaller ones. Median carina of pro-
notum elevated and with one row of cells, the two middle cells divided
by a small nervure. Elytra with costal margins
very slightly concave, their spinules very short.
Length, 3.5 mm. (Fig. 99).

Southern two-thirds of Indiana, fre-
quent, April 25 — Sept. 23. Beaten from
Cratcegus. Probably occurs throughout the
State. Sherborn, Mass., Sept. 20 (Frost).
Ranges from Ontario and New England,
west to North Dakota and probably over
Fig. 99, x 9. most of the United States, though not re-

( After co'mstock). corded south of Maryland. Occurs on vari-
ous species of Roseacese, as quince, choke-berry, Crater; /us,
Amelenchier, etc. The C. cratcegus 0. & D. is a synonym.

408 (6497s). Corythuca associata Osborn & Drake, 1916a, 14.

Subquadrate. Body black; antennse, beak and legs dull yellow; ner-
vures of hood brownish-yellow, the centers of the areolae, hyaline; para-
nota with one or two small brown spots, the cells hyaline; elytra with a
broad basal and apical cross-bar, the latter with two or three large
median cells and the outer halves of the apical row, hyaline; sutural
area and elevations in great part brownish. Paranota large, reniform,
reflexed, convex at middle. Hood strongly compressed near middle,
globose hind portion nearly spherical, about as wide as high. Median
carina arched and with two rows of cells. Spines on outer margins con-
spicuous. Length, 4 — 4.2 mm.

Parke and Putnam counties, Ind., May 13 — Oct. 17. Yap-
hank, N. Y. ; Lahway, Palisades and Schooley Mts., N. J. ;
Jamison City, Pa. (Paris). Ranges from New York west to
southern Indiana and south to Georgia and Mississippi. Food
plants, wild cherry, peach and kindred trees and shrubs. The
C. spinulosa Gib. (1918, 79) is a synonym.

409 ( — ). Corythuca elegans Drake, 1918, 89.

Elongate, subquadrate. Body black; antenna? and legs yellow; ner-
vures of hood and paranota brown, in part fuscous, areolae creamy-
white, opaque; elytra with pale brown to fuscous basal and apical cross-
bars, the clear cells in latter subopaque, not hyaline. Hood higher than
the length of median carina, its crest more or less angulate and cells
twice the size of those of paranota. Median carina arched and with two
rows of cells. Spines along margins small, numerous, tipped with black.
Length, 3.5 mm. (Fig. 102, a).

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI.

457

Wanakena, N. Y., Aug. 1—7 (Drake).
Known also from Ontario and Michigan,
the balsam poplar, Po pubis balsa mi f era L.

Types from Colorado.
Occurs on willow and

410 ( — ). Corythuca pallipes Parshley, 1918a, 82.

Oblong, subquadrate. Body black; antennae, beak and legs brown-
ish-yellow; hood and paranota with nervures brownish, cells hyaline;
apical half of paranota with a small vague brown spot; elytra with

basal and preapical brown cross-bars,
the latter enclosing two or three large
hyaline areola?, extreme apex in part
hyaline. Hood more than twice as high
as median carina, its cells large. Me-
dian carina highest in front, its basal
cell very large; front half of lateral
carina? feebly elevated, with three or
four cells. Length, 3.9 — 4.1 mm. (Fig.
100).

Cranberry Lake, N. Y., July 4
(Drake)., Plattsburg, N. Y. (Da-
vis) . Known only from Ontario,
New England and New York. Food
plants, yellow birch, Betula lutca
Michx., and willow.

The C. cyrta Par.sh. and C. betula
Drake, 1918, 86, are synonyms.

411 ( — ). Corythuca heidemanni

Drake, 1918, 87.

Oblong, subquadrate. Body black;
antenna?, legs and nervures of upper
surface brownish - yellow; pronotum
lark brown; paranota with a small sub-
marginal brown patch in front of mid-
dle; elytra with rather broad basal and
subapical cross-bars, and narrow sutu-

Fig. 100, X 14. 6, lateral view of i ™arp.ir,(; brown or fimcnim Hood
hood and median pronotal carina. ral margins Drown or IUSCOUS. riooa

(After Drake Tech. Pub. 16, N. Y. St. wedge-shaped, strongly compressed in

front of middle, its hind portion sub-
globose, with large cells and a few small spines on sides. Pronotum
with median carina one-third as high as hood, lateral carina? shorter,
not reaching hood. Paranota with margins broadly rounded, their spi-
nules very short. Elytra with costal margins nearly straight, costal
area with three irregular rows of rather large cells and some smaller
ones near base. Length, 3.7 mm.

•TV

Cranberry Lake, N. Y., Sept. 16 (Gerhard). Gibson states

458 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDIDjE.

that it is a common species in the Adirondacks around Cran-
berry Lake. The C. borealis Parsh. (1918a, 92) is a synonym.

412 ( — ). Corythuca bellula Gibson, 1918, 93.

Oblong-subquadrate. Body black; antennae, beak and legs pale red-
dish-brown; nervures of hood, disk of pronotum, one or two small sub-
marginal spots on paranota, basal and apical bands and spot on each
elevation of elytra, brown; apical cross bar of elytra with two or three
large central cells and apical row of smaller ones, hyaline. Hood more
than twice as high as median carina of pronotum, its cells large and
crest forming an obtuse angle. Median carina low, not arched, its length
less than that of hood. Marginal spines short, not crowded. Length,
3 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., Sept. 10 (Gerhard). Types taken at Tiffin,
Ohio, on Cratagus. Recorded also from Cranberry Lake, N. Y.,
on alder.

Group B. — Corythuca.

This group comprises four small species having the crest
of hood never more than twice as high as median carina, and
elytra wholly devoid of dark basal or apical cross-bars or with
only faint traces of such bars.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP B, CORYTHUCA.

a. Cells of the globose portion of hood larger than those of the para-
nota.
b. Larger, length 3.5 or more mm.
c. Color above wholly milky-white except a fuscous spot on tumid
elevations of elytra; hood depressed above just behind the
middle. 413. ciliata.

cc. Color pale straw-yellow with no fuscous marks on elytra ; hood
not flattened, constricted about the middle, globose portion wider
than long, the cells very large. 414. pallida.

bb. Smaller, not over 2.5 mm.; hood only slightly higher than the
median carina; elytra with traces of basal and apical cross-bars,
the cells toward apex very large. 415. floridana.

aa. Cells of globose portion of hood not larger than those of paranota;
median carina as high as hood; length, 3 mm. 416. gossypii.

413 (638). Corythuca ciliata (Say), 1832, 26; I, 348.

Elongate-subparallel. Body black; antennae and legs yeVowish,
tarsi and fourth antennal darker; color of upper surface as in key.
Hood only slightly higher than median carina, its height less than half
its length, narrowed but not constricted in front of middle. Median
carina moderately elevated throughout its length, and with two rows of
cells; lateral carina? also elevated, with one row of cells. Length, 3.7 mm.

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 459

Common in Indiana wherever the sycamore grows. Occurs
throughout the year, hibernating beneath bark of sycamore
and nearby cover, and in spring and summer feeding upon its
foliage, often causing the leaves to wilt and become whitened.
Known as the "sycamore lace-bug," and ranges from Quebec
and New England west to the Rocky Mountains and southwest
to Alabama. Occurs also on ash, hickory and mulberry.

414 (638%). Corythuca pallida Osborn & Drake, 1916, 230.

Subquadrate. Body brownish-black, sides of sterna and last ventral
dull yellow; antennae and legs yellow, tarsi and fourth antennal darker;
nervures of upper surface straw-yellow, the cells hyaline; elytra with a
vague pale brownish band at base. Beak reaching beyond middle of
mesosternum. Paranota long, reniform, strongly convex at middle. Hood
as in key. Median pronotal carina arched, spinose, with two large cells
and several small ones. Cells of apical half of elytra distinctly larger
than basal ones. Length, 3.8 — 4.1 mm.

Knox and Posey counties, Ind., April 25 — May 6; taken on
May-apple, Podophyllum peltatum L. Ranges from Maryland and
Virginia west to southern Indiana and Tennessee and south-
west to Mississippi and Arizona. Its recorded food plants are
linden and mulberry.

415 (646). Corythuca floridana Heidemann, 1909, 236.

Short and broad, subquadrate. Body black; antenna?, beak, sides
of sternal sulcus and legs yellow. Nervures of upper surface mainly
yellowish, cells hyaline, a few brown dots on the hood; base of elytra
sometimes with traces of a brown cross-bar and a
pale brown spot on each elytral elevation. Hood
constricted at middle, the globose hind portion less
than one-half higher than the arched median carina,
its areolae large. Paranota obtusely rounded in
front, l-eflexed, and with three rows of rather large
cells. Median carina highest at middle and with a
single row of cells. Cells of apical half of costal
and subcostal areas of elytra much larger than
those at base. Length, 2.3 — 2.5 mm. (Fig. 101).

Pig. ioi. x i2. Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 30 — Feb. 9; beaten

(After Heidemann >. frQm foliage of button-bush and oak along

the borders of a wet hammock and from a pile of dead leaves
of cabbage palmetto. The types were from Bartow, Biscayne
Bay and Crescent City, Fla., and it is recorded only from that
State. Our smallest species of the genus.

460 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

416 (647). Corythuca GOSSYPll (Fabricius) , 1794, 78.

Oblong to subquadrate. Body black; apical ventral segment brown-
ish-yellow; antenna?, legs and beak pale yellow; nervures of upper sur-
face white, the cells hyaline; a small submarginal spot near middle of
paranota, another on each tumid elevation of elytra, some small vague
ones on hood, a curved line on median carina and traces of cross-bars
on apical half of elytra, pale brown. Hood about as high as and shorter
than median carina, its globose portion wider than long, the cells small.
Median carina arched and with two rows of cells; lateral carina? much
lower, without cells. Elytra with cells of basal and apical portions rather
large, subequal in size, marginal spines longer than in floridana. Length,
2.8—3.2 mm.

Cape Sable and Marco, Fla., Feb. 20— March 9. Taken by
sweeping Hibiscus and other plants along the margins of tide-
water bayous. Recorded from Biscayne Bay and Miami. Ranges
from New York to Florida, the West Indies and Central Amer-
ica. Occurs on cotton and other Malvacea ; also on castor beans.

Group C. — Corythuca.

In this group the crest of hood is never more than twice the
height of median carina, and the elytra usually have a well
marked dark cross-bar at base and another at or very near
apex (fig. 103). The group comprises 12 species and two vari-
eties from the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP C, CORYTHUCA.

a. Edges of side margins of paranota and elytra almost devoid of
spinules ; hood triangular, concave, rather than constricted at
sides (fig. 102, c) . 417. mollicula.

aa. Edges of paranota and elytra with distinct spines.

b. Elytra with numerous dark spots, these often very faint, those on
apical half usually united to form two more or less evident cross-
bars; hood about twice as high as median carina.

c. Smaller, length less than 3.5 mm. ; lateral carinae of pronotum low

throughout, without areolae; cells of elytra small, milky-white,
only their centers hyaline. 418. marmorata.-"'"'

cc. Larger, 4 or more mm.; lateral carinae curved, elevated, each with
two areolae; cells of elytra large, wholly hyaline.

419. BACCHARIDIS.

bb. Elytra with a dark cross-bar at base and usually another near
apex; hood usually less than twice as high as median carina.

d. Elytra with only a dark basal cross-bar, the apical one wanting

or represented by a mere trace.
e. Hood almost twice as high as median carina, the latter feebly

B5The Van Duzee (1917, 214) "Pennsylvania and District of Columbia" records
of C. dcccns Stal, should, according to Drake (1926, 379), be referred to C. marmorata
Uhl., as decens is a Central American species not known in the United States.

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 461

arched; cells of elytra yellow or brownish-yellow. 420. ulmi.

ee. Hood very little higher than median carina, over twice as long

as high; median carina strongly arched; cells of elytra hyaline.

421a. var. mali.
id. Elytra with both basal and apical dark cross-bars, the intervening
area pale.
/. Hood, viewed from the side, long and low, very little higher than
median carina.
g. Smaller, length less than 3.5 mm; apical dark bar of elytra ill
defined, occupying only the apical fourth; paranota with small
dark spot or none. 421. arcuata.

gg. Larger, 4 or more mm. ; apical dark bar well denned, occupying
the apical third ; paranota with distinct dark spot.

422. PRUNI.
//. Hood, viewed from the side, more elevated, crest rounded, usually
nearly twice as high as median carina.
h. Larger, length 4 or more mm. ; cross-bars of elytra dark fus-
cous-brown, the apical one with two or three large hyaline
cells; front of hood nearly vertical. 423. ^SCULi.

hh. Smaller, not over 3.7 mm. ; front of hood oblique or declivent,
not subvertical.
i. Cross-bars of elytra pale brown, the basal one extending for-
ward to humeral margin; hood, viewed from the side, twice
as long as high ; median carina lower than tumid elevation
of elytra. 424. pergandei.

ii. Cross-bars of elytra dark brown or fuscous, the basal one not
reaching humeral margin; hood less than twice as long as
high; median carina as high as or higher than elevations
of elytra.
j. Hood nearly twice as high as median carina, its cells more
than twice as large as those of paranota.
k. Areolae of apical half of elytra whitish, subopaque, much
smaller than in contractu; front margin of apical dark bar
not curved up the sutural area. 425. juglandis.

kk. Areolae of apical half of elytra clear hyaline, much larger
than in juglandis; front margin of apical dark bar curved
forward at middle along the sutural area.

426. CONTRACTA.

jj. Hood but slightly higher than median carina, its cells less
than twice the size of those of paranota.
/. Median carina strongly elevated; apical cross-bar of elytra
well defined and with a large hyaline spot near middle.

427. EXIGUA.

//. Median carina much less elevated; apical bar poorly defined,

very few of its cells wholly clouded. 428. celtidis.

417 (649%). Corythuca mollicula Osborn & Drake, 1916a, 12.

Oblong, slightly narrowed behind. Body black; antennae, beak and
legs dull yellow; cells of upper surface whitish-hyaline, veins faintly
yellow; veins of bulbous crest of hood, a small vague spot on paranota,

462

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID.E.

an interrupted band at base and near apex and spots on discal elevations
of elytra, fuscous-brown. Hood scarcely twice as high as and longer
than median pronotal carina, its front portion compressed with sides
concave. Paranota broadly rounded, margins minutely ciliate, cells
smaller than those of hood. Median carina of pronotum feebly arched
in front, slightly sinuate behind, and with a large cell in front and two
at middle; lateral carina? short and low. Costal margin wholly devoid
of spines or cilia?; cells of costal and subcostal areas larger than those
of hood. Length, 3.5 mm. (Fig. 102, c).

■&■■ ^msffl&fc-i

Fig. 102. a, Corythuca elegans Drake;
lateral views of hood and median carina, respectively, of same
Pub. No. 16, N. Y. St. Coll. For.).

C. molilalia O. & D. X 16 ; 6 and d,
(After Drake, Tech.

Ramsey, N. J., May 21 (Barber). Described from Michigan;
ranges from New England west to Montana and Vernon, B. C,
and southwest in the coastwise states to South Carolina and
Florida. Breeds on willow and poplar, hibernating beneath
leaves and rubbish on the ground. The C. saHcis 0. & D. (1917,
298) and the C. canadensis Parsh. (1919, 18) are synonyms.

418 (645). Corythuca marmorata (Uhler), 1878, 415.

Oblong. Body black, the sides of sterna brownish; antenna? and
legs yellow, tarsi darker; nervures of upper surface typically brown or
fuscous, the cells milky-white; elytra usually with small fuscous or
brown spots, arranged in four transverse rows, those of the two apical
rows usually connected to form two narrow cross-bars separated by a

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 463

single transverse row of partially hyaline cells; these elytral spots often
vague, sometimes almost wholly obsolete. Hood compi-essed at middle,
its cells but slightly larger than those of paranota. Median pronotal
carina feebly arched and with two rows of cells. Spines along margins
short, numerous, close-set. Length, 3.2 — 3.4 mm. (PI. IV, fig. 6).

Common in the southern half of Indiana, May 20 — Oct. 13 ;
not taken but doubtless occurs in the northern counties. Beat-
en from white oak and swept from asters, goldenrod and other
Composite. Dunedin, Fla., March 14 — April 27; swept from
herbage in low moist grounds. Recorded from Ft. Myers and
Lake Worth, Fla. Ranges from Ontario and New England
west to the Pacific, and southwest to Florida and New Mexico.
Known as the "chrysanthemum lace-bug," and breeds on rag-
weed, chrysanthemums and allied Compositse, often doing
much damage to the cultivated forms. Weiss and Lott (1924a)
state that in New Jersey it is very injurious to wild asters,
and the sea-side goldenrod, the eggs, up to 150 in number, be-
ing placed in the tissues or along the veins and midribs of the
under surface of the leaves. The young feed in colonies on the
lower surface and are often attended by an adult female. Hus-
sey (1922, 23) mentions it as: "By far the most abundant
Tingid in Michigan, ocurring in Berrien County in almost
unbelievable numbers on goldenrod, but rarely taken on other
plants." Parshley (1919, 20) describes a variety inform is from
Vernon, B. C, and Truro, Nova Scotia, which in his later key
(1923, 700) he separates from marmorata by its having "short-
er elytra, the discal elevations extending to middle," in mar-
morata not reaching middle.

419 ( — ). Corythuca baccharidis Drake, 1922, 37.

Elongate, subquadrate. Body dark reddish-brown or black, the
apical ventral segment paler; antennae and legs dull yellow; nervures
of hood and elytral elevations fuscous-brown, those of paranota and ely-
tra straw-yellow, cells hyaline ; elytra with fuscous spots which usually
are so merged as to form very indistinct basal and apical cross-bars.
Antennae with numerous very long hairs. Margins of paranota furnished
with a double row of spinules ; those of costal and basal margins of
elytra with a single row. Hood slightly broader than high, its areolae
much larger than those of paranota. Tumid elevations of elytra very
large, rounded. Length, 4 — 4.2 mm.

Key West, R. P. Park, Ft. Myers and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 23
— April 14. The most common Corythuca about Dunedin and
at the Park, where it occurs on the shrubby white-flowered

464 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDIDjE.

Compositse, Baccharis halimifolia L. Described from Paradise
Key and Miami, Fla., from specimens taken on Baccharis and
probably confined to that genus of plants, four of which occur
in the State.

420 ( — ). Corythuca ulmi Osborn & Drake, 1916, 231.

Oblong, subquadrate. Body black; last two ventrals brown; an-
tenna? and legs dull yellow; nervures mostly pale brown; spots on para-
nota very small or obsolete; pronotum brown, its posterior third paler;
elytra with a vague brown basal cross bar. Hood less than twice as
high as median carina, less than twice as long as high, its apical half
strongly compressed, and cells more than twice as large as those of pai-a-
nota. Costal margins of elytra feebly concave. Length, 3.3 mm.

Charleston, S. Car., Aug. 14 (Gerhard). Described from Lis-
bon, Ohio. Known also from Connecticut, Maryland, Virginia,
New York and South Dakota. Occurs on elm, Ulmus americana
L., and probably of wide distribution.

421 (639). Corythuca arcuata (Say), 1832, 27; I, 350.

Oblong or subquadrate. Body black; legs and antenna? dull yellow,
the fourth antennal and tips of tarsi brownish; nervures above creamy-
white or yellowish, those on hood often darker, cells hyaline; pronotum

brown, paler at tip; cross-bars of elytra
dark brown, front one interrupted, the
apical one irregular, often obscure, its
central portion largely hyaline. Hood
low, over twice as long as high, compressed
at middle, the globose hind portion subde-
pressed above and with large cells. Me-
dian carina arched in front and with two
rows of areolae. Length, 3 — 3.3 mm. (Fig.
103).

Common throughout Indiana,
more so in the southern counties.
Fig. io3, k li. (After uhier). Found at all seasons, hibernating be-
neath bark and fallen leaves and occurring in summer mainly
on white and chestnut oaks, often doing much injury to the
foliage. Ranges from Quebec and New England west to North
Dakota and Colorado and southwest to Alabama and Texas.
Not as yet recorded from Florida, but probably occurs in the
northern counties. Uhler (1884, 284) mentions it as "occur-
ring, sometimes in great numbers, on the leaves of several
kinds of oaks, occupying the under side of the leaves, like all
its congeners, laying its eggs next the midrib and veins, and

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 465

remaining attached there by its rostrum, drawing the sap from
midsummer until the frosts begin to be felt in autumn." For
life history see Morrill (1903).

421a (— ). Corythuca arcuata mali Gibson, 1918, 98.

Distinguished from arcuata only by the absence of the apical dark
bar of elytra, which is either wholly lacking or represented only by a
tinge of brown on the nervures, and one or two clouded cells. Length,
3.1—3.7 mm.

Occurs throughout Indiana, Feb. 13 — Sept. 18 ; on the former
date beneath bark of apple. Described from New Jersey and
at hand from Staten Island, N. Y., Lahaway and Dennison,N. J.,
May — September (Davis). Taken on wild rose and beaten from
oak. Occurs with arcuata probably throughout its range. Drake
(1921, 54) reduced it to a variety and states that it "breeds
on various species of oak, apple and occasionally on hard and
soft maple."

422 (640%). Corythuca pruni Osborn & Drake, 1916, 231.

Elongate, subquadrate. Body black; legs and antennae dull yellow;
nervures of upper surface straw-yellow, the cells hyaline; paranota
with one or two small brown spots; disk of pronotum, except the tip,
and broad basal and apical cross-bars of elytra, dark brown, the apical
bar enclosing two large hyaline cells, those in apical row also in part
hyaline; sutural area flecked with brown. Hood twice or more longer
than high, but little higher than median carina, scarcely constricted, its
bulbous portion higher than wide, the cells twice or more the size of
those of paranota. Median carina evenly arched, with one large basal
cell in front of two rows of oblong ones. Costal area with three rows
of cells, those of inner row the largest. Spines of margins few and
very short. Length, 4 — 4.2 mm.

Washington, D. C, and Plummer's Island, Md., June — July
(Davis) . Its known range extends from New England west
to southern Michigan and south to North Carolina. Occurs on
wild cherry, Prunus scroti na L., and probably of much wider dis-
tribution than the records show. Resembles ccsculi in size and
color, but easily separated by the long low hood, lower median
carina and shorter marginal spines. The C. pyriformis Parsh.
(1920, 81) is a synonym.

423 .(649%). Corythuca ^sculi Osborn & Drake, 1916, 232.

Elongate, subquadrate. Body black; antenna?, beak and legs dull
yellow; nervures of hood and paranota fuscous-brown, the cells in part
hyaline; paranota with a large median submarginal brown spot; prono-
tum dark brown, the tip paler; elytra with wide basal and apical cross-

466

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

bars and discoidal area dark brown, the apical bar enclosing three large
hyaline cells. Hood abruptly compressed at middle, hind portion globose,
wider than long, its areolae large, more than twice the size of those of
paranota. Median pronotal carina arched in front and with a single
large basal cell, behind which are two rows of smaller ones. Costal area
of elytra broad, with three rows of large cells. Length, 4 — 4.2 mm.

Southern half of Indiana, common, April 11 — Sept. 29; beat-
en from buckeye, 2Esculus glabra Willd., and sifted from beneath
dead leaves on wooded slopes. Dunedin, Fla., April 11 — 20;
beaten from horse-chestnut ; the first record for that State.
Henderson, Ky., April 29 (Marshall). Recorded only from Ohio,
Illinois and Kentucky, but probably occurs on various species
of JEsculus throughout their range. In color this species closely
resembles cydonice, but it is much larger and the hyaline cells
of the solid brown apical bar are three times as large as there.

424 (640). Corythuca pergandei Heidemann, 1906, 10.

Subquadrate. Body black, the apical ventral segment and margins
of prosternum pale; antennae and legs dull yellow; nervures of upper
surface pale brown, the cells of hood and paranota hyaline, or brown
with hyaline centers; pronotum, except tip, and
elytra, except space on costal area between the
basal and apical cross-bars, pale brown, the cross-
bars wide, their cells mostly brown with small
hyaline centers; the preapical bar with two or
three central cells wholly hyaline, as are also
those of the apical row. Hood longer than high,
compressed at middle, the bulbous hind portion
small, spherical, its cells but little larger than
those of paranota. Median pronotal carina low,
but feebly arched and with about six small areo-
lae. Tumid elevation of elytra prominent, round-
ed. Spines of margins very short. Length, 2.b
—3 mm. (Fig. 104).

Fig. 104, X 12.

(After Heidemann.. Washington, D. C, numerous stations in

New York and New Jersey, and Clayton, Ga., June — October
(Daz'is) ; taken mostly on alder; one specimen, "Staten Island,
Feb. 26," by sifting. Ranges from Ontario and New England
west to Wisconsin and Kansas and south to Georgia. Recorded
also from Texas and California by Gibson (1918, 91), who
states that "the known food plants include hazel, elm, crab-
apple, black alder and sweet birch."

425 (649). Corythuca juglandis (Fitch), 1856, 466.

Subquadrate. Body wholly black; legs and antennae dull yellow;
nervures of upper surface thick, in great part yellow, those of crest of

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 467

hood fuscous, the cells subopaque; a small spot on paranota and basal
and apical cross-bars of elytra dark brown, the latter with two or three
large central areola? and part of the apical row whitish subopaque. Hood
one-half longer than high, strongly compressed at middle. Median
carina low, arched at base and with a large basal cell and a row of
small ones above. Tumid elevations of elytra relatively small. Length,
3.3—3.5 mm.

Schooley's Mt., N. J., and Egg Harbor and West Point, N. Y.,
May 20 — June 4 (Davis). Ranges from New England west to
Kansas and southwest to Texas. Not as yet identified from
Indiana, but doubtless occurs on its food plants, walnut, but-
ternut and linden, in many parts of the State. The smaller
size, paler brown cross-bars of elytra and whitish subopaque
cells distinguish it from contractu, its nearest ally.

426 (6451/4). Corythuca contracta Osborn & Drake, 1916, 230.
Averaging larger than juglandis. Color much the same, last ventral

brown at middle; median carina of pronotum with a dark curved cross-
bar at middle; cross-bars of elytra fuscous-brown, the apical one curved
forward from middle each side along the sutural area, cells of the space
between them clear hyaline, vitreous and much larger, with veins distinct-
ly thinner than in juglandis. Hood lower, its areolae more than three
times the size of those of paranota. Elytra somewhat tapering behind.
Spines of margins fewer and shorter than in juglandis. Length, 3.5
4 mm.

Sherborn, Mass., Oct. 25 (Frost). Egg Harbor and Atlantic
and Cumberland counties, N. J., May — July (Weiss). Lake
Waccamaw, N. Car., April (Brimley). Ranges from New Eng-
land west to Illinois and southwest to North Carolina. Occurs
on walnut, pecan, butternut and linden. The C. parshleyi Gib.
(1918, 83) is a synonym. Drake (Ms.) states that contracta
is a synonym of juglandis, but numerous specimens received
from Weiss show them to differ as set forth above in key and
descriptions.

427 ( — ). Corythuca exigua Drake, 1918, 83.

Subquadrate. Body dark brown; under surface with a yellowish
tinge; antenna? and legs pale yellow; pronotum, nervures of hood, a
small submarginal spot on paranota, sutural area, two cross-bars and
hind portion of elevations of elytra, fuscous-brown ; nervures of para-
nota and pale areas of elytra white, the cells hyaline; apical cross-bar
with three or four large median cells, and those of terminal row just
behind them, hyaline. Hood about three times as long as high. Para-
nota very long, semi-elliptical, their margins with numerous short spines.
Median pronotal carina with two rows of cells, lateral carina? widely
separated from hood, each with two or three cells. Costal margin of
elytra straight, its spines numerous, very short. Length, 3.4 mm.

468 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

Lake Waccamaw, N. Car., June 9 (Brimley). This is the
type and only known locality.

428 (6491/4). Corythuca celtidis Osborn & Drake, 1916, 227.

Oblong or subquadrate. Body black, the last ventral in part brown;
antennae and legs pale yellow, tarsi and fourth antennal slightly darker;
nervures of upper surface mostly white, those of paranota yellowish,
flecked with fuscous. Disk of pronotum dark brown, the posterior fourth
white. Elytra with two incomplete dark fuscous cross-bars, the basal
one interrupted, the apical one narrow and oblique, leaving the cells of
inner apical angles whitish subopaque, those of the space between the
bars clear hyaline. Hood nearly twice as long as high, about one-half
higher than median pronotal carina, the latter low, sinuous, not arched
and with a large basal cell in front of two rows of smaller ones. Length,
3.5—3.7 mm.

Dearborn Co., Ind., Sept. 16; taken by scores on hackberry
(W.S.B.). New Brunswick, N. J., Aug. 10 (Weiss). Com-
munipaw, N. J., on Celtis, Aug. 8 (Davis). Ranges from Mary-
land and New Jersey west and south to Indiana and South
Carolina. Occurs on hackberry, Celtis occidentalis L. The low
unarched median carina and the white nervures and incom-
plete apical cross-bar of elytra distinguish this species from
juglandis and contractu. A var'ety, mississippiensis, which feeds
on the southern hackberry, Celtis mississippiensis Bosc, has been
named by Drake (1925, 36). It is somewhat larger (4 mm.)
with larger hood, more arched median carina and darker mark-
ings than the typical form, and is known from Tennessee,
South Carolina, Georgia and Mississippi.

III. Stephanitis Stal, 1873, 119.

Small oval species having the hood much as in Corythuca, but
less compressed in front and reaching back to middle of prono-
tum ; paranota widely and strongly reflexed ; median carina of
pronotum elevated, almost as high as hood, lateral carina? ab-
breviated ; margins and upper surface of paranota and elytra
without hairs or spines ; elytra gradually and widely expanded
from the base, their tips broadly rounded. One introduced
Japanese species occurs in the eastern states.

429 (652). Stephanitis pyrioides Scott, 1874, 440.

Elongate-oval. Body black; antenna? and legs pale yellow, the tarsi
fuscous; nervures of hood, disk of pronotum, except backward exten-
sion and an oblique spot on median carina, fuscous; elytra with a fus-
cous cross-bar at basal third and another at apical fourth, these con-

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 469

nected by a curved fuscous stripe along each sutural area, both bars and
stripes formed only by the darkened nervures and slightly darker cells;
nervures of remainder of upper surface straw-yellow, the cells clear hya-
line. Antennas filiform throughout, finely and sparsely pilose, first
joint three times the length of second, third longer than the others
united; fourth slightly longer than first and second united. Structural
characters as under generic heading. Length, 3.1 — 3.5 mm. (PL IV,
fig. 8).

Newark and Riverton, N. J., September (Weiss). Recorded
in this country only from New Jersey, Pennsylvania and
Washington, D. C. Known as the "azalea lace-bug," and prob-
ably introduced from Japan on evergreen azaleas. The nymphs
and adults feed on the under surface of the leaves, abstracting
the sap and causing the upper surface to become whitened."6

IV. Leptobyrsa Stal, 1873, 119.

Small oval species having the antennae very slender, basal
joint exceeding apex of head, twice as long as second, third
more than twice as long as the others united; head with five
rather short spines ; hood small, triangular, compressed, oc-
cupying only the anterior third of pronotum, but extending
completely over the head; hind portion of pronotum abbrevi-
ated, its tip obtuse; carina? all entire, the median one slightly
higher than hood ; elytra very broad, nearly twice as long as
abdomen, narrowed at base, their tips broadly rounded. Van
Duzee (1917, 216) has, in my opinion, erroneously made this
genus a synonym of Stephanitis. Two species are known from
the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LEPTOBYRSA.

a. Larger, length 3.6 mm. ; elytra with a vague brownish transverse

band in front of middle. 430. rhododendri.

aa. Smaller, not over 3.2 mm.; elytra with only three cross nervures

dark. 431. blatchleyi.

430 (653). Leptobyrsa rhododendri (Horvath), 1905, 567.

Broadly oval, strongly dilated behind. Head, under surface and
disk of pronotum black, shining; nervures of upper surface straw-yel-
low, the cells hyaline; an oblique spot on median pronotal carina and
some of the nervures at basal third of elytra fuscous-brown, the latter
forming a vague brownish cross-bar; antenna?, bucculae and legs pale
dull yellow, the tarsal claws and apical half of fourth antennal darker.
Paranota semi-elliptical, strongly reflexed. Elytra widening from the
base, their areolae large. Length, 3.5 — 3.8 mm. (Fig. 105).

"For life history see Dickerson & Weiss, Ent. News, 1917, 101.

470

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

Lakehurst and Newfoundland, N. J. ; Fairfax Co., Va. ; Belts-
ville, Md., and Bloomsburg, Pa., June 15 — Sept. 3 (Davis).

South Orange and Springfield,
N. J., July 23— Sept. 9 (Weiss).
An introduced European spe-
cies, ranging in this country
from New England west to
Ohio, and south to North Caro-
lina. Van Duzee records it also
from "Fla.," but it is not in-
cluded in the Barber list, and
his record probably should be
referred to blatchleyi. Occurs on
laurels, K-almia, and rhododen-
drons, often doing much dam-
age. The L. explanata Heid.
(1908, 105) is a synonym.

Fig. 105, X IS

(After Heidemann).

431 ( — ). Leptobyrsa blatchleyi (Drake), 1925, 37.

Oval, dilated behind. Body brown; antennae and legs dull yellow,
fourth antennal and tarsi fuscous; nervures of upper surface mostly
straw-yellow, the cells clear hyaline; carina along crest of hood, curved
line on median carina and three cross nervures of elytra, piceous-brown;
front half of pronotum reddish-brown, posterior half and discoidal area
and elevations of elytra creamy-white. Hood small, compressed trian-
gular, its sides with two rows of cells. Paranota small, reflexed, round-
ed both in front and behind. Median carina almost as long and high
as hood and with two rows of cells, arched near base, thence evenly
declivent to the obtuse apex. Elytra strongly narrowed at base, thence
gradually widely expanded backward ; costal area with two rows of cells
at base and five at widest part; discal elevations high and narrow.
Crest of hood, margins of paranota and elytra fringed with very fine
hairs; upper surface of pronotum and elytra with similar erect hairs.
Other characters as under generic heading. Length, 2.8 — 3.2 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 14 — April 17. Beaten from bunches of
Spanish moss, swept from foliage along the bay front and the
margin of a dense hammock, and sifted from bases of clumps
of grass. In one specimen almost all the nervures are fuscous-
brown.

V. CORYTHAICA Stal, 1873, 120.

Small elongate-oval species having the joints of antennae of
the same relative length as in Corythuca; hood elongate, curved
downward over the head, narrowed in front, its crest carinate,

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 471

with a single row of large cells each side; paranota narrow,
strongly reflexed and with a single row of cells ; pronotum tri-
carinate, the carina? nearly parallel, the median one usually
slightly the higher; elytra, macropterous form, much surpass-
ing the abdomen, the costal area with cells larger towards apex
than at base ; in brachypterous form, elytra about two-thirds
the length of macropterous, the pronotum much reduced and
flattened. The genus is represented by several species in
tropical America and by two in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CORYTHAICA.

a. Subcostal area with two or three irregular rows of cells; discoidal

area without a fuscous spot. 432. bellula.

aa. Subcostal area with three regular rows of small cells ; discoidal

area with a fuscous spot near apex. 433. floridana.

432 ( — ). CORYTHAICA bellula Bueno, 1917a, 19.

Elongate-oval. Body, legs, beak and antennae pale brownish-yellow,
tip of beak and tarsi blackish; upper surface dull grayish-white, the
nervures in great part dull yellow; carina of hood fuscous-brown. Hood
with basal portion broader, rounded behind and with two rows of cells,
its carina continuous with median one of pronotum. Antennae with
joints 1 and 2 shortest, 3 longest, 4 stouter, setose and subclavate. Elytra
in macropterous form oval, the costal margin broadly curved, strongly
reflexed, costal area with a single row of cells, subcostal area long, nar-
row, curved and with two or three irregular rows of cells; discoidal area
reaching apical third of elytra, narrowed at each end, its margins ele-
vated to form carina-like sutures with those of subcostal and sutural
areas. Brachypterous form oval, with cells of elytra much smal'er and
sutural area almost obsolete. Other characters as under generic head-
ing. Length, macropterous form, 2.2 mm.; brachypterous, 1.9 mm.

White Plains, N. Y. (Gerhard). Known only from White
Plains, the type locality where, says Bueno (loc. cit.), "it oc-
curred only on a sloping grassy meadow going up from a rich
marshy swale in a field, among fine low grasses much inter-
mingled with moss." Here it was taken by sweeping close to
the ground, from April to September, but was most common
in June. Bueno states that the general color "ranges from a
light gray, nearly white, through darker gray and brownish to
nearly black."

433 ( — ). CORYTHAICA FLORIDANA sp. nov.

Elongate-oval or fusiform, strongly tapering both before and behind,
widest across middle of elytra. Above pale brown ; median carina of hood
and its cross veinules, cross veins of elytra and a distinct spot on apex
of each discoidal area fuscous; basal portion of pronotum, legs and an-

472 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDIDjE.

tennae pale straw yellow; under surface dark brown. Antennae as in
bellula. Paranota and basal portion of pronotum distinctly narrower
than there. Sides of paranota sinuate at middle, carinas of pronotum of
equal height throughout. Elytra conjointly narrowly oval, slightly sur-
passing apex of abdomen, their costal margins broadly curved from base
to apex, not sinuate, much narrower and less reflexed than in bellula;
discoidal and subcostal areas also much narrower than there, each with
three regular rows of small crowded cells. Length, 2 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 6; one specimen sifted from grass
roots on the margin of a pond. A darker, much narrower and
more strongly tapering form than bellula, with cells of paranota,
subcostal and discoidal areas much smaller and more crowded.

VI. DlCTYONOTA Curtis, 1827, 154.

Small oval species having the head armed with two anteocu-
lar divergent spines and two slender ones on vertex; bucculae
widely separated in front exposing the base of beak; antennae
very stout, the joints of nearly equal thickness, rugose and
setose ; pronotal hood transverse ; paranota wide, narrowed be-
hind, somewhat reflexed and concave above ; lateral carinas of
pronotum low, each with a single row of areolae, median one
somewhat higher, often with part of a second row ; elytra with-
out discal elevations, costal and discoidal areas subequal in
width, the former with two, the latter with three rows of
areolae; osteola absent. Represented in this country by a
variety of Dictyonota tricornis (Schrank), a European palaearctic
species.

434 (637%). Dictyonota tricornis Americana Parshley, 1916a, 163.

Oblong-oval. Head and disk of pronotum fuscous-black; nervures of
elytra brown, areolae mostly grayish-white; ^gs and body beneath dark
brown; antenna? blackish-brown. Hood small, transverse, covering base
of vertex, with two or three rows of cells. Paranota narrowed behind,
with three or four rows of cells. Discoidal area reaching nearly to
apex of abdomen, its bounding veins elevated, the inner one curved, disk
with three irregular rows of ceMs. Ventrals with apical half finely
shagreened. Other characters as under genus heading. Length, 3 mm.

Recorded only from Eastport, Machias and Roque Bluff, Me.,
July 15—26.

VII. GARGAPHIA Stal, 1862, 324.

Small or medium elongate-oblong species, having the head
usually armed with five spines of variable lengths, three on the
front between the eyes and two on occiput; first and second

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 473

antennals stout, first and fourth usually subequal in length,
three times or more the length of second, third more than
twice as long as the others united ; pronotum with hood small,
compressed, covering base of head ; paranota rather widely ex-
panded, reflexed, not produced or angulate in front ; pronotal
disk with three low subequal carinse ; elytra widely flattened,
surpassing abdomen by nearly half their length, their margins
narrowed and rounded near base ; rostral groove deep, sides
parallel to middle coxae, then closed by a sinuous cross carina,
behind which the groove is much widened ; osteolar opening
distinct. About 25 species are known, five of which occur in
the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GARGAPHIA.

o. Head with basal spines long, distinctly visible in front of hood; outer

margins of paranota more or less rounded, not angulate at middle;

length, 4 or more mm.

b. Joint 1 of antenna? dull yellow; paranota with margins broadly

rounded and with but three or four rows of cells.

c. Apical angle of discoidal area of elytra with apex at middle; hood

slightly lower than median carina. 435. tili^e.

cc. Apical angle of discoidal area with apex on the outer side; hood

slightly higher than median carina. 436. amorphic.

bb. Joint 1 of antenna? black; paranota with margins narrowly rounded

and with five rows of cells at the widest part. 437. solani.

aa. Head without basal spines, or if present very short, not visible in

front of hood ; outer margins of paranota distinctly angulate ;

length, less than 3.5 mm.

d. Costal area of elytra, at widest, part with four rows of cells; joint

1 of antenna? dull yellow. 438. angulata.

dd. Costal area of elytra with not more than three rows of cells; joint

1 of antenna?, except tip, dark brown. 439. bimaculata.

435 (654). Gargaphia tille (Walsh), 1864, 408.

Elongate-oval. Body black, covered with a whitish bloom; last
ventral in part brown ; antenna?, buccula?, sides of sternal groove, beak and
legs, dull yellow, fourth antennal and tips of tarsi dark brown; nervures
of upper surface straw-yellow, the cells hyaline; pronotum black, pubes-
cent, its posterior prolongation pale; elytra usually with a vague blackish
cross-bar in front of middle, this formed mainly of darkened nervures.
Head with five long acute spines. Paranota broadly rounded, moderately
reflexed, each with four irregular rows of cells. Discoidal area coarsely,
closely punctate, not quite reaching middle of elytra, usually with seven
rows of cells. Length, 4.2 — 4.8 mm.

Kosciusko, Marion, Vigo, Lawrence and Posey counties, Ind.,
April 22 — Sept. 22; probably occurs throughout the State.

474 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^.

Food plant, the bass-wood or linden, Tilia americana L., but oc-
curs also on red-bud, Cercis canadensis L., sycamore and wild
cherry. Ranges from New England west to South Dakota,
Colorado and Kansas, and south to Virginia and North Caro-
lina. The G. fascial a Stal (1873, 125) is a synonym.

436 (654a). Gargaphia AMORPH.E (Walsh), 1864, 409.

Form slightly broader than in tilise, color much the same, the dark
cross-bar of elytra usually more distinct. Paranota with three rows of
larger cells. Hood smaller, narrower, slightly higher than median carina.
Discoidal area with five rows of cells, more widened and more rounded
toward apex than in tilia;, its apical angle nearer the outside than middle,
thus making the angle more obtuse; costal margin less parallel than in
tilise, slightly sinuate behind middle. Length, 4.2 — 4.5 mm.

Posey Co., Ind., May 11 — June 2 ; swept from the false indigo,
Amorpha fruticosa L. The types of Walsh were found on the
same plant. Recorded from Illinois, Virginia, North Carolina
and Mississippi.

437 (658). Gargaphia solani Heidemann, 1914, 136.

Elongate, subparallel. Body, anterior two-thirds of pronotum and
joints 1, 2 and 4 of antennae, piceous-black; legs yellow, the tarsi darker;
nervures of upper surface brownish-yellow, sometimes in part blackish,
cells hyaline. Hood large for the genus, four times as long as wide, its
crest slightly higher than that of median carina. Paranota as in key,
their margins, as well as carina? of pronotum thickly pilose with long
erect hairs. Pronotum coarsely and closely punctate, its carime arched,
each with one row of large cells. Costal area of elytra with three to
five rows of large cells, its transverse nervures blackish. Length,
4 — 4.2 mm.

Apple Grove, Ohio, Aug. 17 (Gerhard). Swannanoa, N. Car.,
Oct. 17 (Brimley) . Known as the egg-plant lace-bug, as it often
does much damage to that vegetable."7 Ranges from Maryland
west to Missouri and southwest to Texas and Arizona. Not as
yet recorded from either Indiana or Florida, but probably oc-
curs in both States. Frequent in southern Ohio on the horse
nettle and other Solanaceae.

438 (657). Gargaphia angulata Heidemann, 1899, 301.

Broadly oval. Color much as in tilise, the pronotum densely pubes-
cent; elytra without a premedian dark cross-bar, but discoidal areas
each with a brown spot on apical half. Front of head with very shoi't,
blunt whitish spines. Paranota with four rows of areola? at the widest
point, their margins densely fringed with long hairs. Length, 3.3 — 3.5
mm. (Fig. 106; PI. IV, fig. 7).

57See Fink. Hull. 2:;'., l\ S. Dept. Agr.

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI.

475

Fig. 106, X 9.
(After Heidemann).

Fort Montgomery, N. Y., July 26 (Davis). Vienna, Va.,
Aug. 26 (Weiss). Ranges from New England and New York
south and west to Missouri, Alabama and Arizona. Known to
injure beans to some extent, but its prin-
cipal food plant is said by McAtee to be
Jersey-tea, Ceanothus americanus L.

439 ( — ). Gargaphia bimaculata P a r s h 1 e y,
1920a, 271.
Elongate-oval. Head and body black, the
sterna whitish-pubescent; margins of bucculse and
sternal groove white; antenna? with first and
fourth joints, in great part, dark brown, second
and third reddish-brown ; legs and beak dull yel-
low, the tarsi darker; nervures of upper surface
straw-yellow, the cells hyaline; carina of hood and
front portions of pronotal carina? dark brown,
anterior three-fourths of pronotum blackish, thickly clothed with white
pubescence; triangular posterior fourth of pronotum and discoidal areas
of elytra dull white, the latter each with a triangular brown spot on
apical third. Fourth joint of antennae one-half longer than first. Mar-
gins of paranota distinctly angulate behind middle, their edges fringed
with long hairs. Carina? of pronotum each with one row of cells, the
median one slightly higher than hood. Costal area of elytra with three
rows of areolae at middle, two at each end. Length, 2.7 — 3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Oct. 25 — March 28 ; taken in the axil of leaf of
thistle and swept from herbage in low moist soil. Described
from Biscayne Bay, Fla., and known only from that State.

VIII. Gelchossa Kirkaldy, 1904, 280.

Small, elongate, subparallel species having the antennae slen-
der, first joint three to five times the length of second, third
longer than the others united, fourth slightly longer than first ;
head with three to five spines; hood compressed, not bulbous
behind, occupying only the anterior third of pronotum and
covering only the occiput; pronotum tricarinate, the carina?
percurrent, each with a single row of cells ; paranota narrow
with not more than two rows of cells ; elytra without tumid
elevations, constricted about the middle, extending much be-
yond tip of abdomen ; costal area with one to four rows of
hyaline cells, subcostal area often very narrow, with one to
three rows of smaller cells ; discoidal area not reaching middle
of elytra; sternal groove not interrupted. Three species are
recorded from the eastern states. They occur mainly on plants

476

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

of the family Leguminosse, and were formerly known under the
name Leptostyla Stal, a preoccupied name.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GELCHOSSA.

a. Costal area of elytra with a premedian black cross-bar; joint 3 of

antenna? shorter than pronotum, 1 twice as long as 2; elytra widest

at basal third ; length, 2.2 mm. 440. clitoris.

aa. Costal area without premedian dark cross-bar; joint 3 of antenna?

as long as pronotum, 1 three or more times as long as 2.

b. Nervures of costal area of elytra white; basal third of costal area

with a single row of large rectangular cells ; elytra widest near

apex; length, 2.7 mm. 441. oblonga.

bb. Nervures of costal area brown, or fuscous; basal half or more of

costal area with an outer row of large cells and an inner row of

smaller ones; elytra as wide across discoidal area as at apex;

length, 3 mm. 442. heidemanni.

440 (661). Gelchossa clitoris (Heidemann), 1911, 180.

Elongate-oblong, constricted at humeri and again near middle of
elytra. Head, under surface, disk of pronotum, subcostal area and a

broad premedian bar on costal area of
elytra, black; reflexed margins of para-
nota and basal fourth of costal margin of
elytra white; carina? and triangular tip
of pronotum, nervures of preapical third
or more of costal area of elytra, legs and
third antennal straw-yellow; discoidal
area and apical fourth of elytra fuscous,
the latter with two or three large hyaline
cells; first and second antennals brown;
fourth fuscous. Head with a stout median
curved spine and two smaller ones below.
Hood, viewed from the side, compressed,
carinate above and with two vertical rows
of cells in front of several larger ones.
Median carina of pronotum arched and
in front almost as high as hood. Paranota
narrow, reflexed and with two rows of
cells. Costal area with two rows of cells.
Length, 2.1—2.3 mm. (Fig. 107).

Crawford Co., Ind., Aug. 1 — 30; common locally on bush
clover, Lespedesa, butterfly pea, Clitoria mariana L., and other
legumes, along high wooded slopes. The known range extends
from Massachusetts west to southern Michigan and Tennessee
and south to South Carolina and Arkansas. Van Duzee (1917)
makes clitoria- a synonym of L. constricta Champ. China com-
pared Indiana specimens with the type of constricta and found
the latter to be broader, head wider, its apex pale; hood glo-

Fig. 107, X 20.
(After Osborn & Drake).

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI. 477

bose, not compressed ; elytra less strongly constricted, scarcely
widening again toward tips.

441 (659). Gelchossa oblonga (Say), 1825, 325; II, 248.

Elongate, subparallel. Head, disk of pronotum and under surface
black; hood, margins of paranota, tip of pronotum and costal area of
elytra white; discoidal and sutural areas and apical fourth of elytra
fuscous-brown; legs and third antennal straw-yellow; first antennal
brown, fourth fuscous. Head with three long, slender, acute yellowish
spines arising from vertex and two shorter ones below (fig. 97, a). Third
antennal much longer than in clitorise. Paranota with a single row of
large subquadrate cells. Costal area with one row of cells at base and
apex, two for a short distance behind middle. Length, 2.7 — 2.8 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 9 — July 23. Swept from herbage in
dense upland woods. Ranges from Maryland and Virginia west
to South Dakota, Nebraska and Arkansas. Occurs, for the
most part, on the hog peanut, Falcata comosa (L.) , prairie clover,
Kuhnistera, false indigo, Amorpha fruticosa L., and other legumes.
The long slender spines of head and wholly white costal mar-
gin, with single row of cells at base of costal area distinguish
this from the other species.

442 ( — ). Gelchossa heidemanni Osborn & Drake, 1916, 238.

Differs from oblonga mainly by the characters given in key. Slightly
larger. Nervures of both paranota and costal margins in part dark and
the hyaline cells with a yellowish tinge. Spines of head with black tips.
First joint of antennae more swollen. Both pronotum and elytra some-
what wider, the latter with costal margins less parallel in front of the
post median constriction. Length, 3 — 3.2 mm. (PI. IV, fig. 5).

Long and Staten Islands, N. Y., May 19— Nov. 16 (Davis) ;
taken from wild indigo, Baptisia tinctoria L. Numerous stations
in New Jersey (Weiss). Ranges from New England west to
Arkansas and south to Louisiana. Not as yet taken in either
Indiana or Florida, but should occur in both states. McAfee
(1917, 64) mentions it as "extremely common about Washing-
ton, D. C, on its food plant, Baptisia tinctoria L., which is not
only often but usually severely injured by the feeding opera-
tions of these little Tingids."",s

IX. Leptodictya Stal, 1873, 127.

Small oval species having the head armed with five long slen-
der spines; hood small, compressed, triangular, extended over
base of head ; paranota relatively narrow, with two or three

BSFor life history see Weiss & West, Ent. News, 1924, 56.

478

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

rows of cells, both above and beneath, their margins straight
or feebly curved; pronotum with all the carinae entire, feebly
elevated ; elytra elongate-oval, the reticulation rather close, the
discoidal area extending to or slightly beyond middle; sub-
costal area narrow, with but two rows of small cells. Two of
the five known species occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN* SPECIES OF LEPTODICTYA.

a. Side margins of paranota straight; discoidal area of elytra very-
long, fusiform, reaching tip of abdomen; form elongate-oblong.

443. PLANA.
an. Side margins of paranota distinctly, though feebly, rounded; dis-
coidal area reaching only to middle of elytra;
form elongate-oval. 444. simulans.

443 (662) . Leptodictya plana Heidemann,
1913, 1.

Elongate-oblong, very flat. Head, hood,
paranota and carina3 of pronotum yel'owish; disk
of pronotum and elytra olive-gray, the discoidal
area of latter with a narrow oblique blackish
streak; sutural area with some of the cross ner-
vures fuscous ; ventrals pale brown. Spines of
head rather long, the three in front reaching
only to base of second antennal. Beak scarcely
reaching middle coxae. Joint 1 of antenna? more
than twice the length of 2, 3 slender, four times
longer than 4. Hood small with rows of minute
cells, triangular in front, obtusely rounded be-
hind, the tip of its median carina projected up-
ward. Elytra long and narrow, costal margins
broadly feebly rounded; costal area but little

broader than discoidal one, the cells small. Length,
Fig. 108. X 14. (After ._. </>0.

Heidemann in Proc. Ent. 3.2 mm. (Fig. 108).
Soc. Wash.). •

Described from Wistar, Okla., and recorded elsewhere only
from Mississippi.

444 (663). Leptodictya simulans Heidemann, 1913, 3.

Elongate-oval. Ash-gray, the nervures mostly fuscous; hood and
paranota dull white; basal and apical joints of antenna? black, remainder
dark brown; legs dull yellow. Spines of head short, the three front ones
often matted to appear as one. Hood compressed, triangular, longer than
broad, its crest carinate. Elytra gradually widening, with cells increas-
ing in size from base to apex; costal margin very feebly curved, apical
one broadly rounded ; discoidal area slightly concave, narrowed at each
end, finely reticulate and with an oblique fuscous line crossing it just
behind middle. Other characters as under generic heading. Length,
3—3.3 mm. (Fig. 109).

TRIBE I. — GALEATINI.

479

Fig. 109. X 1
Heidemann in Proc
Soc. Wash.).

Tupelo, Miss., June 20 (Drake). Its known range extends
from Virginia southwest to Alabama and Mississippi. Nothing
has been published regarding its food
plants.

X. Acanthocheila Stal, 1860, 61.

Elongate-oval Tingids, readily distin-
guished from others of the tribe by the
single percurrent pronotal carina, which
extends from apex of the small hood to the
subtruncate tip of pronotum, and by the
long curved marginal processes or spines
of paranota; head without spines; elytra
rather strongly dilated, about twice the
length of abdomen, the usual areas flat-
tened and but feebly differentiated, the
<AEnT discoidal area not passing middle, its cells
much smaller than those of sutural and

subcostal ones; paranota narrow, with a single row of cells.

Two or three species are known from Central and South

America and one from Florida.

445 (664). Acanthocheila exquisita Uhler, 1889, 143.

Broadly oval. Head with a white carina adjoining eyes each side of
vertex; tylus, bucculae and beak dull yellow; pronotum either ochreous
or blackish with ochreous veins, median carina whitish; elytra dull
grayish-yellow; under surface black; legs testaceous. Antennae testa-
ceous ; joint 1 thicker, shorter than head ; 2 almost as thick, bristly, sub-
conical; 3 much longer than the others united, slender, set with erect
slender hairs; 4 fusiform, longer than 1 and 2 united, bristly with apical
half blackish. Paranota with a single row of five quadrangular cells,
outer margin armed with six or seven long acute black-tipped spines.
Hind lobe of pronotum trapezoidal, its tip whitish, subacute. Clavus and
base of corium coriaceous, remainder of elytra subhyaline, cells of corium
increasing in size toward apex, the greatest width with six rows. Costal
margin armed with about 17 spines, these diminishing in length from
base to beyond middle. Veins of upper surface set with minute bristles.
Length, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Originally described from four specimens taken in May at
Cape Florida, Fla., and not recorded elsewhere. The single
male is "more transparent and has more clean-cut black mark-
ings than any of the females" (Uhler).

Tribe II. ACALYPTINI tribus novum.

In addition to the characters set forth in the tribal key, the

480 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^.

members of this group have the form oval ; hood small, triangu-
lar, at most covering only part of the head; eyes coarsely
granulated; pronotal and costal margins only moderately di-
lated; elytra usually dimorphic in length, their texture sub-
coriaceous. The tribe comprises two of our eastern genera.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF TRIPE ACALYPTINI.

a. Pronotum tricarinate, the lateral carina? sometimes faint; head with

two diverging spines; hood small, covering the base of head, its

apex usually bisinuate. I. Acalypta.

aa. Pronotum with but a single median carina; head with three short

blunt spines; hood broad, covering vertex to front of eyes.

II. Drakella.

I. Acalypta Westwood, 1840, 121.

Small oval species having the antennae relatively short, basal
joint very stout, second much shorter, more slender, third
longer than the others united, fourth short, fusiform, longer
than first; elytra, in brachypterous form, slightly passing tip
of abdomen and usually meeting in a straight line along the
suture, in macropterous one surpassing abdomen by one-third
their length and overlapping. Two species are known from the
eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OP ACALYPTA.

a. Costal area with two rows of cells nearly
throughout its length; buccula? contiguous
in front; third joint of antennae about
twice as long as fourth.

446. THOMSONII.

aa. Costal area with a single row of cells, ex-
cept near base and apex; buccula? sepa-
rated in front; third joint of antenna?
nearly four times as long as fourth.

447. LILLIANIS.

446 (637). Acalypta thomsonii Stal, 1873,
122.
Broadly oval, subdepressed. Dull grayish-
yellow; under surface and legs reddish-brown.
Antennae reddish-brown, joints 1 and 4 blackish,
joint 1 curved, much swollen, twice as long as
2, 3 nearly twice as long as 4. Beak reaching
second ventral. Pronotum with lateral carina?
low, distinctly divergent behind, median one percurrent, much the higher;
paranota with three rows of cells, two in front of middle, sides nearly
straight, subparallel, truncate in front. Elytra with costal margin

Fig.

1 in,

X 15

(After

Drake

in

Ann.

Carnegie

Mils, i .

TRIBE II. — ACALYPTINI. 481

broadly rounded ; subcostal area with five rows of cells ; discoidal area
rather broad, extending beyond middle of elytra, with four rows of cells,
its outer margins subparallel. Length, 2.5 — 3 mm. (Fig. 110).

Described from South Carolina. Recorded elsewhere from
Massachusetts and Virginia. Occurs in late autumn beneath
weed debris along the margins of swales.

447 (63714). Acalypta lillianis Bueno, 1916, 39.

Oval or elongate-oval, subdepressed. Head and body beneath dark
brown; upper surface a nearly uniform grayish-brown, the areolae sub-
opaque; legs and antennae fuscous-brown, the tarsi
paler. Hood very small, subtriangular, carinate above
and with three rows of cells each side. Pronotum with
tip obtuse, lateral carinas subparallel or slightly diver-
gent behind, reaching hood in front, middle one slightly
the higher. Paranota broadly rounded and with two
rows of cells. Discoidal area of elytra with four rows
of cells, its sides strongly carinate; subcostal area
with three or four rows of cells. Length, 2.3 mm.,
brachypterous form; 3 mm., macropterous one. (Fig.
111).

Starke and Lawrence counties, Ind., May 12 —
June 16. Taken by sifting moss and leaves in
FteTin. Macrop- upland woods. Ranges from Ontario and New
utter f°o?bo™ 13& England west to Michigan and south to Mary-
Drake)- land and North Carolina. The types were taken

by Bueno at White Plains, N. Y., "on a damp and marshy
meadow by sweeping close to the ground where the tall tree-
like moss, Climacium americanum L., grows in clumps." The A.
ovata 0. & D. (1916a, 9) and the A. grisea Heid. (1917, 218)
are synonyms, based on the brachypterous form.

II. Drakella Bergroth, 1922, 152.

Small oval species differing from Acalypta mainly by the char-
acters given in generic key. In addition they have the bucculse
contiguous in front; paranota broad, subquadrate, coarsely
reticulated ; elytra in brachypterous form broadly oval, slightly
surpassing tip of abdomen, the main veins prominent ; costal
area with one row of large cells except near base and apex;
discoidal area broad with margins sinuous, reaching apical
fourth ; osteola absent. The generic name Fenestrella 0. & D.
(1916, 222) is, according to Bergroth, loc. cit., preoccupied. One
species is known.

482

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDIDjE.

448 (637%). Drakella ovata (Osborn & Drake), 1916, 223.

Bi-oadly oval. Pronotum dull yellow tinged
with brownish. Elytra brownish, with a yel-
lowish tinge, membrane of cells whitish-hyaline;
antennae and legs brownish-yellow; under sur-
face dark brown. Antennae less than half the
length of body, joint 1 nearly twice as long as
2 ; 3 more than twice as long as the others
united; 4 hairy, longer than 1 and 2 united,
teubcostal area with five rows of cells; discoidal
area with five or six rows. Other characters
as above given. Length, 2 mm. (Fig. 112).

Described from a single brachypterous
female taken by Chas. Dury at Cincinnati,
Ohio. Known only from that State.

Fig. 112, X 20.
(After Osborn & Drake)

Tribe III. PHYSATOCHEILINI tribus novum.

This tribe comprises small elongate-oval species without
pronotal hood and rarely with membranous paranota. The
costal margins of elytra are usually but little expanded ; the
reticulation usually very fine with all the areolae or cells small
and rarely in part hyaline. The osteolar openings are distinct.
The tribe comprises ten of our eastern genera.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF TRIBE PHYSATOCHEILINI.

a. Pronotum with three distinct carina?, the median one sometimes
elevated in front.
b. Paranota very wide, reflexed against or above the dorsal surface
of pronotum.

c. Reflexed expansions of paranota lying flat against the dorsal sur-

face of pronotum, and in front reaching the lateral carinas ;
costal area of elytra flattened and with two or three rows of
cells. I. Physatocheila, p. 483.

cc. Reflexed expansions of paranota forming a large bulb on each
side, these covering the greater part of pronotum and closed
within by the elevated lateral carina?; costal area of elytra nar-
row with a single row of long subhyaline cells.

II. Dichocysta, p. 485.
bb. Paranota not widely reflexed to cover the greater part of prono-
tum.

d. Elytra strongly convex, their surface shining; antennae very

stout, the third joint subclavate, densely clothed with short
decumbent setae and thickened toward apex.

III. Alveotingis, p. 486.
dd. Elytra not or but slightly convex, surface dull; antennae much
more slender.
e. Beak reaching to or beyond middle coxae; head usually with
three to five distinct spines; paranota without thin membra-
nous margins.

TRIBE III. — PHYSATOCHEILINI. 483

/. Antennae not clavate, the third joint not more than three times
as long as fourth.
g. Paranota long, narrow, with three rows of very small cells ;
median pronotal carina raised in front to form a small
flat hood. IV. Tingis, p. 487.

gg. Paranota with but one row of cells or none; hood indistinct
or entirely wanting; form narrow, elongate, somewhat re-
sembling that of Gelchossa. V. Teleonemia, p. 487.
//. Antennae with third segment more or less clavate and more
than three times the length of fourth.
h. Third antennal cylindrical, enlarged near tip; dorsal surface
of elytra flat; reflexed side margins of pronotum as high as
the carina?. VI. Melanorhopala, p. 490.
hh. Third antennal gradually thickened from the base ; dorsal
surface of elytra convex; reflexed margins of pronotum
lower than the carina?. VII. Hesperotingis, p. 493.
ee. Beak not surpassing front coxae; head without spines, but with
a short, obtuse median tubercle; paranota with margins flat-
tened, membranous and with a single row of cells; form ob-
long, very depressed. VIII. Atheas, p. 494.
aa. Pronotum unicarinate, the median carina only distinct, traces of
the others sometimes visible on posterior half.
i. Paranota represented only by a small pale ear-like appendage at
each lateral angle; joint 1 of antennae one-half longer than 2.

IX. PSEUDACYSTA, p. 497.

ii. Paranota distinct, but very narrow, carina-like, not reflexed ; joints
1 and 2 of antennae subequal in length. X. Leptoypha, p. 498.

I. Physatocheila Fieber, 1844, 80.

Small oblong or elongate-oval species having the head fur-
nished with five appressed spines ; antenna? rather slender,
joint 1 stouter and one-half longer than 2 ; 3 more slender and
longer than the others united, 4 fusiform ; middle of apical
fourth of pronotum slightly compressed to form a triangular
hood-like elevation which projects very little if at all over the
base of head; pronotum with carinse low, entire, its posterior
process elongate-triangular with tip acute ; elytra much wider
than abdomen and surpassing its tip, the discoidal areas reach-
ing beyond their middle ; costal areas rather widely flattened
and with two or three rows of cells. Five species occur in
North America, four in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PHYSATOCHEILA.

a. Beak not extending beyond the apex of the rostral sulcus.
b. Smaller, length less than 4 mm. ; third antennal not enlarged at
apex.

484 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID.-E.

c. Costal area of elytra with two regular rows of cells ; beak reach-
ing between hind coxae. 449. plexa.
cc. Costal area with three regular rows of cells; beak reaching be-
tween middle coxa?. 450. brevirostris.
bb. Larger, length 4.5 or more mm.; third antennal slender at base,
much enlarged at apex. 451. major.
aa. Beak reaching onto second ventral; elytra grayish-brown, the ner-
vures more or less fuscous; costal area with two or three irregular
rows of cells. 452. variegata.

449 (665). Physatocheila plexa (Say), 1832, 27; I, 349.

Elongate-oval. Color a nearly uniform reddish-brown, tinged with
yellowish, rarely with reflexed paranota and discoidal area in part fus-
cous; eyes black; fourth antennal and third tarsal fuscous. Beak reach-
ing between hind coxae. Hood-like elevation of pronotum, and reflexed
paranota very closely and coarsely punctate; remainder of paranota
and discoidal areas of elytra finely and closely punctate, the latter with
margins slightly elevated. Elytra broadly and regularly curved from
the narrow base to the rounded tips, the cells of the costal area rather
large, quite regular in form and size, for the most part translucent.
Length, 3— 3.5 mm. (PI. IV, fig. 4).

Ashland and Sherborn, Mass., May 2 — Nov. 12 ; taken by-
sifting (Frost). Ranges from Quebec and New England west
to Michigan and Illinois and south to Virginia and District of
Columbia. The P. parshleyi G. & D. (1917a, 155) is a synonym.
Bueno has taken plexa in September on oak at Yaphank, N. Y.,
and McAtee on hickory and laurel.

450 (665%). Physatocheila brevirostris Osborn & Drake, 1916, 243.

Elongate-oval. Color above and beneath a uniform dull reddish-
brown; antennae and legs of the same hue, the fourth antennal and tarsi
darker. Beak reaching between middle coxae. Hood-like elevation and
reflexed paranota a little less coarsely punctate than in plexa. Costal
area with rows of punctures more regular than there, those of the outer
row the larger. Characters otherwise as in plexa to which it is very
closely related. Length, 3.2 — 3.5 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., May 29 (Davis). Ranges from Massachu-
setts and Connecticut west to Ohio and south to Virginia, the
records for the most part being for May and June without men-
tion of food plant.

451 ( — ). Physatocheila major Osborn & Drake, 1917a, 158.

Elongate-oval. Color a nearly uniform dull clay yellow, above very
sparsely beset with minute yellowish hairs, beneath thickly clothed with
fine silvery pubescence; eyes dark brown; fourth antennal, a cloud on
posterior half of pronotum, a cross-bar on middle of elytra and some of

TRIBE III. — PHYSATOCHEILINI. 485

the veins of costal area pale fuscous-brown; femora each with a broad,
vague median brownish ring; mesosternum and tarsi fuscous. Joints
1 — 3 of antennae dull yellow, 3 about four times as long as 1 and 2
united, its apical fourth feebly but visibly thickened, female, distinctly
so, male; joint 4 fusiform, paler at base, slightly longer than 1 and 2
united. Cells of paranota coarse, their margins rugose. Discoidal area
of elytra reaching almost to apex of abdomen, its outer margin sinuate;
costal area with two or three confused rows of rather large subhyaline
cells. Length, 4.5 — 4.7 mm.

Normal, 111., May 10 (III. Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.) . Described
from Illinois. Known also from Maryland, Virginia and the
District of Columbia.

452 (665%). Physatocheila variegata Parshley, 1917a, 166.

Elongate-oval. Pale grayish-brown variegated with fuscous; spines
of hood and ends of carinas dull yellow; reflexed paranota, discoidal areas
and veins of costal margin more or less fuscous-brown; antennae and legs
pale reddish-brown, the fourth antennal darker; under surface dull yel-
lowish-brown, sparsely clothed with very short and fine yellow scale-like
hairs. First antennal stouter but scarcely longer than second, third
more slender than in plexa. Paranota less densely punctate than there.
Costal area with two or three confused rows of cells. Length, 3.3 — 4 mm.

Jackson Co., Ind., May 20 (W. S.B.). Natick, Mass. (Frost).
Hewitt, N. J., July (Davis). Ranges from New England
west to Vernon, B. C, and south to West Virginia. Occurs on
white pine. Osborn & Drake regard this form as the plexa of
Say, but Van Duzee and Parshley disagree with them. As
Say's brief description will fit both species and his type is
destroyed, the question must remain unsettled.

II. DlCHOCYSTA Champion, 1898, 33.

Small elongate narrow species having the head armed with
five, rather long decumbent spines ; beak reaching first ventral ;
sternal groove uninterrupted ; antennae with joints 1 and 2 very
short, stout, 3 more slender, longer than the others united, 4
fusiform ; pronotum tricarinate, paranota as in key ; elytra
with sides subparallel, tips rounded, extending beyond tip of
abdomen ; discoidal area large, triangular, surpassing middle,
its sides elevated. One species is known.

453 (670). Dichocysta pictipes Champion, 1898, 34.

Elongate, subparallel. Dull brownish-yellow; fourth antennal, bulbs
of paranota and cross veins of costal area, in great part or wholly fus-
cous; elytra with a few small scattered fuscous dots; joints 1 — 3 of
antennae and legs brownish-yellow; femora and tibia? with one or two

486

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^.

vague fuscous rings. Pronotum with front margin slightly prolonged
at middle, sides parallel; median carina almost concealed between the
bulbs, lateral ones visible only behind them. Elytra with cells of costal
area variable in size, their centers hyaline; subcostal area with two
irregular rows of cells; discoidal area with numerous confused rather
coarse cells. Length, 3.2 — 3.8 mm.

Chiriqui, Costa Rica (British Mas. Coll.). Described from
Central America and Panama. Recorded from Gainesville, Fla.,
by Drake. Known also from Arizona. Aside from the very
prominent paranotal bulbs, it resembles closely Teleonemia sac-
chari (Fab.).

III. ALVEOTINGIS Osborn & Drake, 1916, 245.

Small oval, strongly convex species having the head armed
with five spines ; eyes large, subglobose, coarsely granulated ;
beak reaching middle coxae; pronotal carina? each with a single
row of cells, the lateral ones sinuate ; paranota narrow, mem-
branous and with a single row of cells, reflected back nearly
against the disk of pronotum ; elytra with main nervures ele-
vated ; costal area with a single row of hyaline cells ; the other
areas poorly differentiated. One species is known.

454 (670y2). Alveotingis grossocerata Osborn
& Drake, 1916, 245.

Rather broadly oval, much widened behind
the middle. Grayish-brown, darker beneath; head
brown; membrane of cells whitish. Joints 1 and
2 of antenna? brown, 3 and 4 fuscous; 1 almost
twice as long as 2 ; 3 nearly twice the length of
the others united, more slender toward base than
in fig. 113; 4 very short, conical. Antenniferous
tubercles large, cylindrical, resembling first an-
tennal. Pronotum with carina? abbreviated in
front, median carina reaching apex of posterior
process, separated from the lateral ones by two
rows of cells. Elytra broad, costal margin
rounded, disk rather coarsely reticulate, discoidal
area elongate, narrowed at each end, reaching
behind middle and with three or four rows of
cells. Other characters as under genus heading.
Fig. lis, x 13. Length, 2.8—3.5 mm. (Fig. 113).

(After O.sborn & Drake).

Delaware Water Gap, Pa. (J 'an Diizcc).
Described from Orono, Me. Known elsewhere only from New
Hampshire and Pennsylvania.

TRIBE III. — PHYSATOCHEILINI. 487

IV. Tingis Fabricius, 1803, 124.

Small elongate-oval species distinguished as in generic key
and having the bucculae closed in front ; head with five rather
slender spines; beak reaching beyond middle coxae; pronotum
coarsely punctate, tricarinate, the carina parallel, each with
a single row of very small cells ; elytra surpassing apex of
abdomen, all the cells very small, discoidal areas very long,
reaching their apical fourth, their marginal nervures strongly
elevated ; costal area with three rows of cells, subcostal area
with two to three rows. The genus is represented in this coun-
try by a single known species.

455 ( — ). Tingis necopina (Drake), 1919, 420.

Elongate-oval, narrowed behind. Above pale yellowish-brown,, the
veinlets with a few darker markings ; head and sides of apical third of
pronotum, blackish; spines of head whitish; under surface reddish-brown,
the prosternum, coxae, trochanters and femora darker; sides of rostral
groove and tarsi tinged with yellow. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? dark
brown, 1 thicker and slightly longer than 2; 3 pale brown, two and three-
fifth times the length of 4, more slender than 2; 4 blackish, slightly
enlarged toward tip. Length, 3.1 mm.

Known only by a single specimen in the Uhler collection,
taken at Bladensburg, Md., July 27, 1890.

V. Teleonemia Costa, 1864, 144.

Elongate, narrow subparallel species having the head usually
with five short spines ; antennae cylindrical, contiguous at base,
joints variable as to species; pronotum tricarinate, the anterior
third narrower, middle third much wider and strongly convex,
posterior prolongation elongate-triangular, its tip subacute,
paranota very narrow, usually reflexed against the sides of
disk; elytra much surpassing abdomen, subparallel to middle,
feebly constricted at apical third, their tips broadly rounded ;
discoidal areas extending beyond the middle. The genus is
best represented in Central America and Mexico, where 14
species are known. Nine occur in North America, six in the
southern states.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF TELEONEMIA.

a Subcostal area with two rows of cells.
b. Third antennal slightly less than twice as long as fourth; beak

reaching front edge of metasternum. 456. nigrina.

bb. Third antennal nearly four times as long as fourth; beak reaching

behind the metasternum. 457. cylindricornis.

488

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

aa. Subcostal area with but a single row of cells; third antennal much
more than twice the length of fourth.
c. Discoidal area finely pubescent; costal area with large cells.

d. Antenna? rather densely shortly pilose; elytra with a large irreg-

ular pale spot on discoidal areas. 458. scrupulosa.

dd. Antenna? very sparsely pilose; elytra with dark-brown markings

on discoidal and sutural areas. 459. vanduzeei.

cc. Discoidal area glabrous; costal area with small or very small cells.

e. General color dark brown, the elytra with fuscous markings;

front margin of pronotum subtruncate, its middle but slightly
prolonged forward. 460. SACCHARi.

ee. General color pale brownish-yellow, with darker brown markings;
front margin of pronotum bisinuate, its middle forming a tri-
angle which is prolonged forward. 461. belfragei.

456 (671). Teleonemia nigrina Champion, 1898, 41.

Elongate, narrow, subparallel. Body beneath black or piceous,
clothed with a short whitish pubescence; upper surface dark gray or
brownish-gray; elytra with a few very small blackish spots, the long

narrow cells of costal area hyaline, sep-
arated by transverse black nervures;
antennae and legs brown; tibiae with
apical halves pale. Head with a short,
blunt median spine. Antennae very
stout, joints 1 and 2 short, subequal,
thickly pilose, 3 almost twice as long
as 4, the latter subconical. Pronotum
with front margin truncate; disk finely
punctate, its three carina? low, each
with a single row of small cells ; para-
nota with distinct cells. Elytra widest at
middle, then slightly constricted, the

Api-
cal ventral of female usually with a
large stout, obliquely projecting tubercle each side. Length, 3.2 — 3.6 mm.
(Fig. 115).

Santa Clara Co., Cal., August {Gerhard). Ranges from Mis-
souri and North Carolina west and southwest to California,
Texas and Mexico. Its known food plants comprise species of
Rhus, Adenostegia, Sphoeralcea, Verbena, Helenium, etc. The dull
color, short, stout antennae and tubercles of apical ventral of
female make it easily known. The tubercles, however, are said
to vary much in size and shape and are sometimes wanting.

457 ( — ). Teleonemia cylindricornis Champion, 1898, 41.

Elongate-oval, widest behind the middle. Dull brownish-yellow;
elytral nervures vaguely mottled with fuscous; antennae, tips of tarsi,
and under surface fuscous-brown; cells of the costal area hyaline.

Fig. 114. Teleonemia scrupulosa
Stal. Fig. 115, T. nigrina Champ., X punctures of discoidal area deep.
10. (After Champion).

TRIBE III. — PHYSATOCHEILINI. 489

Frontal spines of head slender, porrect. Antennae stout, thickly shortly
pilose, reaching basal third of elytra; joint 2 slightly shorter than 1, 3
nearly four times as long as 4, the latter longer than 1 and 2 united.
Pronotum with median carina elevated, projecting in front, lateral ones
prominent, intervals closely, coarsely punctate, reticulate behind. Elytra
elongate-oval, tips broadly rounded, costal margin sinuate at basal third;
discoidal area with cells large, its marginal nervures prominent; costal
area with one row of large cells at base, two beyond middle. Length,
4 — 4.5 mm.

A neotropical species, described from Central America and
recorded in our territory from Illinois and Mississippi.

458 (674). Teleonemia scrupulosa Stal, 1873, 132.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Grayish or reddish-brown thickly
clothed with very short grayish scale-like hairs ; elytra usually with
irregular dark blotches on discal area and smaller ones near apex, the
interval between these pale subhyaline; legs dull yellow, knees and tarsi
tinged with fuscous. Antenna? dark brown, densely clothed with short
stiff blackish hairs; joints 1 and 2 subequal, 4 fusiform, one-half longer
than either, 3 about twice as long as the others united. Beak reaching
front edge of metasternum. Pronotal carina? rather low, both they and
paranota with one row of cells, the latter reflexed but not appressed
against pronotal disk. Elytra of the usual form for the genus, the cells
of costal area rather large and hyaline, those of the pubescent discoidal
areas very small and shallow. Length, 3.3 — 4 mm. (Fig. 114).

Houston, Tex., Oct. 17 (Barber). Brownsville, Tex., Aug. 1,
on ebony (Cornell Univ. Coll.). A tropical species described
from Rio Janeiro, recorded from Key West, Fla., and Texas,
and ranging throughout the West Indies, Central America and
Mexico. Occurs on mint and mallow.

459 ( — ). Teleonemia vanduzeei Drake, 1919a, 24.

Elongate, slender. Pale brownish-yellow with darker brown mark-
ings ; pronotum brown ; discoidal area of elytra dark brown or fuscous,
faintly pubescent; sutural area with a vague ill-defined preapical trans-
verse band; legs brown, knees darker. Antenna? brown, joint 4 some-
what darker; joint 1 slightly stouter than and subequal in length to 2;
3 slender, nearly three times as long as 4, the latter subequal in length
to 1 and 2 united. Beak reaching onto metasternum. Paranota with
one row of small but distinct cells. Pronotal carina? well elevated, each
with a single row of cells, the median one raised in front and projecting
over vertex. Costal and subcostal areas each with one row of rather
large cells. Length, 3 — 3.2 mm.

Crescent City, Fla., Sept. 7 (Cornell Univ. Coll.). Recorded by
Van Duzee (1907, 22) from Jamaica as T. scrupulosa Stal.

490 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

460 (673). Teleonemia sacchari (Fabricius), 1794, 77.

Elongate, narrow, sides subparallel. Dark reddish-brown ; narrow side
margins of paranota and elytra and pronotal carina?, alternated with
dull yellow and fuscous; nervures of elytra dull yellow, the cells in part
fuscous, the membrane with several pale subhyaline ones near apex;
buccula? and sides of rostral groove dull yellow; antennae and legs red-
dish-brown, the tarsi and fourth antennal often darker. Third antennal
nearly three times the length of fourth. Pronotum sparsely pubescent,
its carina? low, each with one row of cells. Elytra with costal area
narrow, its cells long and very narrow. Other characters as in key.
Length, 3.7—3.9 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Cape Sable and Key West, Fla., Feb. 22—
April 7 ; frequent on vegetation along the borders of ham-
mocks and tide water lagoons. Recorded also from Lake Worth
and Biscayne Bay. A neotropical species, known in this coun-
try only from Florida, but ranging south to the West Indies,
Mexico and Brazil.

461 (675). Teleonemia belfragei Stal, 1873, 132.

Narrowly elongate. Pale dull yellow; pronotal carina? and elytral
nervures often flecked with fuscous; discoidal areas and membrane usu-
ally with brown blotches; ventral surface of abdomen brown; antenna?
and legs pale brownish-yellow, tarsi black, fourth antennal brown or
fuscous. Antenna? very slender, the first and second joints subequal, the
third three times the length of fourth. Pronotum finely densely pubes-
cent, its front margin projecting slightly over occiput, carina? higher
than in sacchari, each with a row of cells. Discoidal areas and mem-
brane with areola? fewer and larger than in sacchari; costal area with a
single row of oblong hyaline cells, the cross nervures in part black or
brown. Length, 3.4 — 3.6 mm.

Istokpoga, Ft. Myers and Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 24 — March 30
(IV. S. B.) . Lakeland, Fla., May 6 (Davis) . Taken by sweep-
ing the French mulberry, Callicarpa americana L., by beating in
dense hammocks and sifting on the sites of extinct wet-weath-
er ponds. Recorded from Jacksonville, Crescent City, Gaines-
ville, Sanford and Biscayne Bay. Known only from Florida
and Texas.

VI. Melanorhopala Stal, 1873, 130.

Elongate depressed species having the head armed with five
long decurved or appressed spines ; antennae stout, subcontigu-
ous at base, joint 1 usually nearly twice the length of 2,
3 longer than the others united, enlarged near apex, 4 short,
conical or fusiform ; hood wanting, pronotum tricarinate, the

TRIBE III. — PHYSATOCHEILINI.

491

carinae usually lower than margins of pronotum, the backward
extension triangular ; elytra closely reticulated, the main veins
elevated, carina - like ; dimorphic in
length, in macropterous form widely
overlapping with tips broadly rounded,
in brachypterous one, slightly overlap-
ping with tips acute, divaricate ; discoi-
dal area surpassing middle ; costal area
usually with but one row of cells, sub-
costal with two rows. Three species are
known from North America, all occur-
ring in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MELANORHOPALA.

a. Costal area evenly reticulated and with
one row of cells ; antennae more or less
clavate.
b. Paranota vertical, their row of cells lat-
eral; apex of hind portion of prono-
notum acute. 462. clavata.

bb. Paranota reflexed against the disk of
pronotum, their row of cells dorsal;
apex of hind portion of pronotum ob-
tuse. 463. REFLEXA.
aa. Costal area irregularly reticulated, with
two or three rows of cells ; color more
or less variegated with fuscous; an-
tennae not clavate. 464. infuscata.

Fig. 116. Male of
M. clavata Stal. =(Zm-
rida Stal), X 10. (Aft-
er Drake, Ann. Carne-
gie Mus.).

462 (667). MELANORHOPALA CLAVATA Stal, 1873, 130.

Elongate-subparallel, macropterous form; elongate-oval, brachyp-
terous one. Dull brownish-yellow or grayish-brown; tarsi, fourth an-
tennal, swollen tip of third, and often some of the elytral veins blackish-
fuscous or dark brown. Disk of pronotum of macropterous form with
median third strongly convex, nearly twice the width of front margin,
of brachypterous form flat throughout, its width across humeral angles
but little greater than that of apex. Male with body narrower and
third antennal but little enlarged at tip; female much broader with tip
of antennae distinctly enlarged. Elytra in brachypterous form oval,
their sides curved, the divaricate tips surpassing abdomen. Length,
5—6 mm. (Figs. 116 and 117 and PI. IV, fig. 3).

Marion Co., Ind., June 3 — Aug. 14 ; taken by sweeping herb-
age in dense woodland and low meadows and by beating foli-
age of black oak. Hewitt and Westfield, N. J., and Staten
Island, N. Y., June — August (Davis). Argos and Willow

492

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

'•V.

M

Springs, 111., June 23 — July 14 (Gerhard). Ranges from New
England west to Nebraska, Wisconsin and Manitoba. The

seven Indiana specimens at
hand are all macropterous.
Bueno (1908a, 231) took it
at White Plains, N. Y., in
July and August, "mainly by
sweeping in rank weedy
places near damp swampy
meadows." The only char-
acters used by Stal (1873,
131) in separating his lurida
from clavata, pertain to the
antennas and are sexual rath-
er than specific. His lurida,
therefore, represents the
male of clavata.

'.\y\:\['i ..•/"• ■' 463 (669). Melanorhopala re-

• \ FLEXA sp. nov.

Elongate-oval. Head and
pronotum dark reddish-brown ;
Fig. 117. Brachypterous female, X 10. elytra pale fuscous-brown, the
(After Drake, Ann. Carnegie Mus.). m&in nervureg blackish-brown;

paranota and costal area dull yellow, some of the cross nervures of the
latter fuscous. Joints 1 and 2 of antennas reddish-brown, 1 stout, visi-
bly curved, twice as long as 2; 3 more than twice as long as the others
united, straw-yellow, its apical sixth blackish and feebly swollen; 4
blackish, fusiform, slightly more slender than apex of 3, about as long
as 1. Spines of head shorter and stouter than in clavata, the median
one appressed, not suberect as there. Beak reaching between middle
coxa?. Pronotum shorter, the middle of disk more convex than in cla-
vata; paranota and apex of hind lobe as in key. Discoidal area bisected
by a strong oblique blackish nerve, this forked near middle. Tips of
elytra rather broadly obliquely rounded and overlapping, surpassing
abdomen by one-third their length. Costal area with a single row of
rounded cells, these distinctly smaller than the oblong ones of clavata.
Length, 6.8 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 26 ; one macropterous female swept
from white-top in an open meadow. I at first considered this
as M. uniformis Stal, but Drake (1926, 376) has placed that
species as a synonym of clavata. The figure of the type of uni-
formis as shown by him has the apex of hind lobe of pronotum
much more acute and the paranota not reflexed as in reflexa.

b

TRIBE III. — PHYSATOCHEILINI. 493

464 (669%). Melanorhopala infuscata Parshley, 1917b, 19.

Macropterous form — Elongate-oval, widest at middle of elytra. Dull
brownish-yellow, the cells of costal area hyaline; fourth antennal and
some small scattered spots on elytra, fuscous-brown ; legs and remainder
of antennae paler brownish-yellow; femora marked with small vague
brownish dots; sides of sternal sulcus whitish; genital plate and sides
of ventrals often tinged with fuscous. Joints of antennae cylindrical, of
nearly equal thickness throughout, 1 only about one-third longer than 2,
3 more than twice as long as the others united ; 4 fusiform, pilose, about
as long as 1. Spines of head closely appressed. Pronotum elongate
pentagonal, disk at middle convex with lateral angles obtuse; carinas
fully as high as margins, median one percurrent, the others abbreviated
in front. Elytra surpassing abdomen by one-fourth their length, grad-
ually slightly widened from base to middle, thence feebly narrowed with
margins visibly sinuate, their tips broadly rounded ; apical two-thirds of
costal area with two or three rows of rather large cells, basal third often
with but a single row. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Great Falls, Va., Aug. 21 (Barber) . Recorded only from Vir-
ginia and Maryland, where it occurs on bark, foliage and at
sap of tulip {Liriodcndron) , and on Jersey tea (Ceanothus) .

VII. Hesperotingis Parshley, 1917b, 21.

Small oval or elongate-oval species having the head armed
with five spines ; antennae stout, third segment clavate, sub-
cylindrical at base and apex; hood very feebly developed, pro-
notum otherwise as in Melanorhopala ; elytra moderately convex,
the areas limited by carina-like veins ; costal area with one to
three rows of cells, subcostal with two rows ; discoidal area nar-
row, extending beyond middle ; tips of elytra not divaricate in
brachypterous forms ; osteola distinct. Two species are known
from the eastern states and one from Texas.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF HESPEROTINGIS.

a. Costal area of elytra with but a single row of cells ; beak reaching

hind coxae; antennae slightly shorter than head and pronotum

united. 465. antennata.

aa. Costal area with two or three rows of cells; beak reaching middle

coxae; antennae longer than head and pronotum united.

466. ILLINOIENSIS.

465 ( — ). Hesperotingis antennata Parshley, 1917b, 21.

Macropterous form — Elongate-oval. Brown, head and pronotum
tinged with fuscous; front margin of pronotum, hood, apical half of
paranota and apex of hind portion of pronotum, yellowish; membrane
of cells milky- white; veinlets of elytra pale brown, those bordering and

494 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

within discoidal area darker; under surface chestnut-brown, buceuhe
and margins of pleura paler. Antenna? pubescent, joints 1 and 2 brown,
1 stouter and one-half longer than 2; 3 large, clavate, its basal third
more slender than 2, apical third fuscous, as wide
as the length of 1 ; 4 fuscous, very small, conical.
Pronotum subcylindrical, narrowed in front, its
middle third convex, paranota closely reflexed
against the sides of disk, front margin curved,
slightly elevated to form a collar; carina? low,
median one percurrent. Elytra much surpassing
abdomen; costal area reflexed, cells of sutural area
rather large. Length, 4.5 mm. Brachypterous
form — Broadly oval. Pronotum flat, less broad-
ened behind. Elytra but slightly longer than abdo-
men, costal margin strongly curved, tips narrowly
rounded. Length, 3.7 mm. (Fig. 118).

Ranges from Connecticut west to Penn-
sylvania and south to Washington, D. C,
Flg'( After pLerTh /ey »X 8" occurring from June to September.
466 ( — ). Hesperotingis illinoiensis Drake, 1918b, 88.

Form and size of antennata. Above uniform yellowish-brown, some-
times tinged with fuscous; under surface and legs brown; tarsi, fourth
antennal and apical half of third blackish. Antenna? stout, reaching be-
yond base of elytra, joint 3 very large, clavate, much longer than in
antennata; 4 elliptical, one-third longer than 1. Pronotum coarsely punc-
tate; paranota nearly vertical, with one row of cells. Elytra surpassing
abdomen, tips broadly rounded; costal area as in key; subcostal with two
rows of cells. Length, 4.1 — 4.6 mm.

Known only from Palos Park, 111., where it was taken July 8
by Gerhard.

VIII. Atheas Champion, 1898, 44.

Small oblong or elongate, subparallel depressed species hav-
ing the head armed with a single obtuse tubercle in front, the
antennif erous spines prominent, usually acute ; antennae slen-
der, joints 1 and 2 stouter, 1 twice or more the length of 2, 3
about as long as the others united, 4 fusiform ; pronotum tri-
carinate, its margins very narrow and with one row of cells, the
triangular posterior portion rather short with tip obtuse ; elytra
much surpassing abdomen, oblong-oval or subparallel, their
tips broadly rounded ; discoidal areas extending beyond middle,
subcostal area with one to three rows of cells. Nine nominal
species are recognized, four from the eastern states.

TRIBE III. — PHYSATOCHEILINI.

495

Fig. 119. Species of Athens described by Heidemann ; a, insignis; b, exiguus ; c,
austroriparms ; d, mimeticus. (After Heidemann).

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ATHEAS.

a. Third antennal with only the extreme base black.
6. Subcostal area distinctly narrower than the costal one, the latter
with cross nervures blackish. 467. insignis.

66. Subcostal area as wide as or wider than the costal one, the latter
with cross nervures pale,
c. Form very narrow, sides subparallel ; elytra feebly sinuate and
constricted at apical third ; subcostal area with two rows of
minute cells. 468. exiguus.

cc. Form wider, more oval ; elytra widest at middle, thence gradually
narrowed to the rounded tips ; subcostal area with three rows of
small cells. 469. austroriparius.

act. Third antennal with basal third black; cross nervures of costal area
blackish at inner ends; costal area wider than the subcostal one.

470. MIMETICUS.

467 (676). Atheas insignis Heidemann, 1909, 232.

Elongate-oval. General color black, in great part thinly covered
with a bluish-gray pruinose coating, this most conspicuous on disk of
pronotum and under surface ; margins of pronotum, costal edge of elytra,
legs, buccuke and beak, yellow; apical half of posterior lobe of pronotum,
cells of discoidal and base of s-utural areas of elytra, grayish-white; cells
of remainder of elytra hyaline, the veins blackish; tarsi fuscous. Joints
2 and 4 of antennae black, 1 stouter and twice as long as 2, 3 yellow,
black at base, more than twice as long as 4. Pronotum elongate pen-
tagonal, the median third convex, nearly twice as wide as front margin;
carina? granulate, the median one percurrent, the others abbreviated in
front; paranota narrow, reflexed and with a single row of cells. Elytra
elongate-oval, widest at middle, narrowed with margins sinuate toward
apex, male, more evenly rounded, female; discoidal area about half as
long as elytra, obtusely pointed at apex, with four rows of small crowded
cells, which have the appearance of granules, costal area with one row
of large oblong cells, the black cross nervures forked ; subcostal area with
two rows of minute cells. Length, 2.3 — 2.5 mm. (Fig. 119, a).

496 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^.

Vienna, Va., Aug. 18 (Barber). Known only from Maryland,
Virginia, Mississippi and the District of Columbia where it
occurs, June to August, on the pencil flower, Stylosanthes
hi flora (L).

468 (677). Atheas exiguus Heidemann, 1909, 233.

Elongate, flattened, subparallel. Head, joints 1, 2 and 4 of antennas,
under surface and basal two-thirds or more of pronotum, black; joint 3
of antennae, apical third of pronotum, carina?, paranota and elytra pale
grayish-yellow, the nervures brownish; buccula? and legs straw-yellow,
last tarsal and claws blackish. Antenniferous tubercles short, acute.
Pronotum with median carina percurrent, lateral ones abbreviated in
front; disk convex at middle, flattened in front and behind; paranota
widest in front. Elytra widest in front of middle, tips broadly rounded;
discoidal area widest at middle, reaching apical fourth of elytra, very
finely reticulate; subcostal area as in key; costal area with a single row
of rather large hyaline cells. Length, 2 — 2.3 mm. (Fig. 119, b) .

Sevenoaks, Fla., May 1 (Van Dusee). This is the type local-
ity and it is recorded only from that State.

469 (679). Atheas austroriparius Heidemann, 1909, 234.

Elongate-oval. Black; paranota and costal area yellowish-hyaline;
carina? and apical fifth of hind portion of pronotum and legs dull yellow;
joints 1, 2 and 4 of antennas black, 3 straw-yellow, narrowly black at
base; tarsi fuscous. Pronotum shorter and broader than in the other
species, disk feebly convex, closely and deeply punctate; apex of hind lobe
obtusely rounded. Elytra as in key, costal area with one row of medium
sized cells and some smaller ones near margin; discoidal area very long,
reaching tip of abdomen with four rows of cells at widest point. Length,
2.6 mm. (Fig. 119, c) .

Recorded from Duval Co., Fla., several stations in Missis-
sippi, and Columbus, Tex. Larger and stouter than mimeticus,
with subcostal area wider than costal one.

470 (678). Atheas mimeticus Heidemann, 1909, 235.

Elongate-oval. Color of exiguus, the pronotum more extensively
blackish with carina? pale; basal one-third of second antennal black;
nerves of elytra more distinctly brownish. Pronotum broader, carina?
lower; paranota straight, less widened in front; apex of posterior portion
wider, more obtuse. Elytra broader, sides feebly but regularly curved
from base to tips; costal area distinctly wider, more flattened, with two
rows of cells; discoidal area with larger ocellate cells. Brachypterous
form shorter, stouter, the elytra not passing tip of abdomen. Length,
2.2—2.5 mm. (Fig. 119, d) .

Onaga, Kan., Oct. 2 (Tan Dusee). Albuquerque, N. Mex.,
Aug. 30 (Osborn). Recorded from Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kan-

TRIBE III. — PHYSATOCHEILINI. 497

sas and Mississippi. Occurs on Desmodium and other leguminous
plants.

IX. Pseudacysta gen. nov.

Small oval species having the head short, porrect, inserted
in thorax to eyes, its vertex armed with two short converging
spines ; antennas slender throughout, joint 1 about one-half
longer than 2, 3 twice as long as the others united, 4 fusiform ;
pronotum with only a single low median carina, its middle por-
tion strongly convex, the triangular posterior portion acute at
tip ; paranota represented only by a small pale ear-like append-
age at each lateral angle; elytra oval, about one-half longer
than abdomen, widest about the middle, their margins feebly
curved and tips rounded ; costal area broad with three or four
rows of large hyaline cells ; discoidal area not closed behind,
both it and subcostal area closely reticulate with very small
cells.

This genus is founded with Acysta persea Heid. (1908, 103)
as the type. It differs widely from Acysta Champ. (1898, 46),
the latter having four spines on head, the pronotum tricarinate,
the paranota extending along the entire margin of pronotum
and the discoidal area closed behind.

471 (680). Pseudacysta persea (Heidemann), 1908, 103.

Oblong-oval. Body beneath, head, pronotum, except front edge and
tip of posterior third, and a bar crossing basal third of elytra but
reaching only slightly outside the discoidal area,
piceous-brown or blackish; remainder of upper sur-
face yellowish-white; legs and antennas pale yellow,
the claws and apical half of fourth antennal black-
ish. Pronotum subpentagonal, with front side mar-
gins obtuse and converging strongly toward apex;
posterior portion flat, triangular, acutely pointed;
disk finely and densely punctate and with a single
entire low median carina. Elytra much surpassing
abdomen, their tips broadly rounded; discoidal area
long, narrow, not closed behind. Genital segment of
male oblong with a small fovea each side. Other
(Aftfr Hei'draiann) characters as under generic heading. Length, 2 mm.
(Fig. 120).

Cutler, Fla., April 16 (Gerhard). Taken from the foliage of
avocados or alligator pears. Recorded by Heidemann and Bar-
ber from Eustis, Baldwin, Orlando, Miami and Ft. Myers, Fla.,
and probably occurs throughout the southern half of the State.

498 FAMILY XV. — TINGIDID^E.

Known elsewhere only from New Orleans, La., where it was
taken from camphor trees.

X. Leptoypha Stal, 1878, 121.

Small elongate-oval or subparallel species having the sternal
sulcus closed in front, uninterrupted behind; hood wanting;
head with short tubercles or obtuse spines ; antennae short,
cylindrical, the two basal joints short, subequal, the third
longer than the others united ; margins of paranota, and often
the costal margin, not flattened or reflexed ; pronotal carina
single, usually with traces of the other two; tip of pronotum
acute ; elytra surpassing abdomen, their discoidal areas slightly
elevated above the costal ones, reaching to or slightly beyond
middle, bounded by acute carina-like margins. Five of the six
known North American species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LEPTOYPHA.

a. Costal margin of elytra flattened and reflexed, distinct for its whole
length ; elytra widest across discoidal area, than narrowed to-
ward apex.
b. Costal margin with two rows of areolae throughout part of its
length.
c. The two rows of areolae present only on basal third; third anten-
nal slightly less than twice as long as 1 and 2 united.

472. COSTATA.

cc. The two rows of areola? extending to apical fourth ; third antennal
more than three times as long as 1 and 2 united.

473. ELLIPTICA.
bb. Costal margin with a single row of areola? throughout its length.

474. MCATEEI.

aa. Costal margin not flattened but very narrow and deflexed, replaced

by subcostal margin along basal third; elytra subparallel, but

little widened across discoidal area.

d. Larger, length more than 2.5 mm. ; third joint of antenna? nearly

four times as long as basal joint. 475. mutica.

dd. Smaller, length not over 2.2 mm.; third joint of antenna? less than

three times as long as first. 476. ilicis.

472 (666%). Leptophya costata Parshley, 1917b, 16.

Elongate-oval, widest at middle of elytra. Above dull brownish-
yellow, the antenna? and legs concolorous ; callosities of front lobe of
pronotum, some irregular lines on discoidal area of corium and veins of
of membrane, fuscous ; carina? on apical fourth of pronotum sometimes
whitish; under surface chestnut-brown. Head with two long, appressed
yellowish spines. First and second antennals subequal in length, united
about half as long as third; fourth nearly twice longer than first. Prono-
tum with median portion strong';/ convex, twice as wide as apical margin;

TRIBE III. — PHYSATOCHEILINI. 499

median carina, viewed from the side, percurrent, lateral ones usually
evident, but very low on apical and basal thirds, obsolete on middle.
Elytra at middle distinctly wider than pronotum, thence tapering to the
rounded tips; costal area narrow, reflexed, with a single entire row of
small cells and a second row on basal third. Length, 2.7 — 2.9 mm.

Aberdeen, Miss., June 26 (Barber). Marsh Hall, Md., Aug. 3
(Cornell Univ. Coll.). Ranges from Maryland and Virginia west
to Illinois and Colorado and southwest to Arkansas and Missis-
sippi. Recorded as feeding on witch hazel and ash. The broad
elytra, costal area with double row of cells at base and the
short third antennal are the distinguishing characters of this
species. The L. distinguenda Heid. (1917, 218) is a synonym of
cost at a.

473 (666%). Leptoypha elliptica McAtee, 1917, 57.

Rather broadly elliptical, widest at middle of elytra. Straw-yellow
to pale reddish-brown; callosities on front half of pronotum and fourth
antennal black; first and second antennals and tarsi brown or fuscous;
legs reddish-brown ; under surface, nervures of membrane and in part
those of costal margins, brown; collar and bucculae yellowish-white.
Upper surface coarsely, closely punctate, the membrane and costal areas
with distinct areolae. Pronotum with median third twice as wide as apical
one, strongly convex; median carina percurrent, the lateral ones visible
only on posterior third. Elytra strongly widened at middle, thence nar-
rowed to the broadly rounded tips. Length, 2.8 — 3 mm.

Posey Co., Ind., June 4. Its known range extends from
southern Indiana south to Georgia, Jacksonville, Fla., and
Texas. Occurs in Georgia on Ilex. The largest of our eastern
species, with costal area wider and more reflexed than in any
of the others.

474 ( — ). Leptoypha mcateei Drake, 1921, 49.

Elongate-oblong. Pale reddish-brown; a spot each side of apical
third and another each side of posterior third of pronotum, fuscous;
elytra with nervures of membrane and a large spot near apex of each
discoidal area, fuscous-brown; collar and buccula? dull yellow; antennae
and legs pale reddish-brown; under surface chestnut-brown. Joint 1 of
antennae slightly longer than 2, the latter obconical, 3 nearly four times
the length of 1 and 2 united. Pronotuum and its carina? as in elliptica.
Elytra much less widened at middle than there, thence narrowed to the
rounded tips, the costal margin very narrow with a single row of very
small cells. Length, 2.8 — 2.9 mm.

Dunedin and Lake Wales, Fla., Nov. 28 — April 8 ; swept from
the foliage of the tall scurfy Ericad, Xolisma ferruginea (Walt.).
The types, taken at Gainesville, Fla., Aug. 13, were found on

500

FAMILY XV. — TINGIDIDjE.

the wild olive, Osmanthus americanus (L.). Known only from
Florida. In this species the elytra are distinctly less widened
at middle than in the two preceding, with costal margin very
narrow, thus approaching mutica.

475 (666). Leptoypha mutica (Say), 1832, 27; I, 349.

Elongate, subparallel. Dark reddish-brown, the head and apical
third of pronotum often with a whitish bloom ; thorax with elevations

behind collar, and often some blotches on disk,
fuscous; elytra with veins of membrane and
a vague submedian cross-bar fuscous; collar
and buccuke dull yellow; antenna? and legs
fuscous, the apical portions paler. Antennas
much shorter than in preceding species, the
third joint scarcely twice as long as first and
second united. Pronotum with median third
strongly convex; median carina percurrent,
traces of the others often visible on posterior
« -*"*! ,:r 2%^^ third. Elytra but very slightly widened at

3T*^ middle, the costal margins visible only on
apical half. Other characters as in key.
Length, 2.7—2.9 mm. (Fig. 121).

Marshall, Marion and Crawford coun-
ties, Ind., June 13 — Oct. 13. Swept
from foliage of ash. Ranges from
Quebec and New England west to
North Dakota and Nebraska, and south
to Georgia, Florida and Texas. Known
as the fringe tree lace bug and occurs
on ash and the fringe tree, Chionanthus virginica L. Varies much
in color, some specimens being almost black. Hussey reports
it as rather common in southern Michigan on the seedlings of
the white ash, Fraxinus americana L., "occurring only on the
upper side of the leaves near the midrib." The only Florida
record is that of Drake (1918b, 88) without definite station.

476 ( — ). Leptophya ilicis Drake, 1919, 420.

Narrowly oblong, subparallel, constricted near base and apex of
elytra. Pale to dark reddish-brown, often with small scattered fuscous
areas; collar and apex of postmedian process of pronotum sometimes
paler; apex of discoidal area and veins of membrane in part fuscous;
tarsi fuscous. Antenna? short, stout, cylindrical, joints 1 and 2 sub-
equal, united slightly longer than 4, 3 equal to all the others united.
Pronotum with median portion very strongly convex, median carina dis-
tinct, lateral ones wholly obsolete. Costal area of elytra with only a few

Fig. 121, X 23.
(After Dickerson & Weiss),

SUPERFAMILY REDUVIOIDE^E. 501

distinct cells near apex; subcostal area with three or four rows of cells.
Length, 2.2 mm.

Lake Wales, Fla., March 31 (W.S.B.). Stone Mountain,
Ga., June 8 {0 shorn) . Recorded heretofore only from Stone
Mountain, where it occurs in June on Ilex. Much smaller and
with shorter antennae than mutica.

Superfamily REDUVIOIDE^E Reuter, 1910, 72.

This superfamily comprises the majority of our predaceous
terrestrial Heteroptera. All of them have the front legs more
or less modified to form grasping and prehensile organs. They
have the head usually more or less cyclindrical ; ocelli usually
present; antennae 4-jointed (5-jointed in Pagasus; 8-jointed in
Rhiginia), longer than head, the last two joints, except in the
Phymatidae, more slender than the others ; beak usually 3-
jointed, more or less curved; pronotum and often the head with
a transverse groove ; scutellum visible ; elytra without a cuneus ;
osteola usually absent ; hind coxae rotatory ; tarsal claws with-
out arolia. The superfamily as thus characterized comprises
five of our eastern families separated as follows :

KEY TO EASTERN FAMILIES OF REDUVIOIDB--E.

a. Pronotum divided into three lobes; head strongly constricted behind
the eyes; elytra, except veins, wholly membranous; apical third
of front tibiae dilated and compressed; front tarsi 1-jointed, rap-
torial; middle and hind tarsi 2-jointed; length not over 4 mm.
Terrestrial, usually hygrophilous ; flying in swarms; predaceous.
Family XVI. Enicocephalid^e, p. 502.
aa. Pronotum not divided into three lobes ; length more than 4 mm.
b. Joint 4 of antennae much thickened, clavate or fusiform; front
femora very stout, the tibiae short and retractile (fig. 3, c) ; form
short, stout, roughly sculptured. Terrestrial or thamnophilous;
predaceous. Family XVII. Phymatid.-e, p. 503.

bb. Joint 4 of antennae slender, not clavate or fusiform; front femora
not strongly thickened; form slender, often exceedingly so.
c. Prosternum (except in Carthasis) with a longitudinal, median,
minutely transversely striated, stridulatory groove between the
front coxae and receiving the tip of beak; beak 3-jointed, the first
joint usually stout and more or less curved; head with a trans-
verse groove between or behind the eyes.
d. Body and antennae linear or extremely slender; ocelli absent;
front coxae greatly elongated, reaching or surpassing apex of
head, their cavities opening forward and downward; elytra,
except veins, membranous, the usual divisions of clavus, corium,
etc., wanting. Terrestrial or thamnophilous ; predaceous.

Family XVIII. Ploiariid^e, p. 511.

502 FAMILY XVI. — ENICOCEPHALID^E.

dd. Form of body and antennae not as above; ocelli present (except
in Carthasinae and Saicinae) ; front coxae not greatly elongated,
their cavities opening downward ; elytra in great part coria-
ceous, the usual divisions present. Terrestrial or thamnophi-
lous; predatory. Family XIX. Reduviid^e, p. 536.

cc. Prosternum without a stridulatory groove as in c; beak 4-jointed,
the first joint very short; head without a transverse groove;
front legs raptorial (fig. 6, m). Terrestrial or thamnophilous;
roving; predaceous. Family XX. Nabid^e, p. 587.

Family XVI. ENICOCEPHALID^ Stal, 1860, 81.

Very small slender bugs, having the head porrect, elongate,
strongly constricted by a transverse groove just behind the
eyes, ocelli present on its hind lobe ; antennae and beak each
4-jointed; pronotum 3-lobed, the lobes separated by strong
transverse constrictions ; elytra wholly membranous and with
few veins ; front tarsi 1-jointed, middle and hind ones 2-jointed ;
prosternum without a stridulatory groove. Only about a dozen
species are known, two from the United States. For literature
treating of the North American species see Uhler, 1892;
Champion, 1898; Johannsen, 1909; Bergroth, 1913a, 1915.

I. Systelloderes Blanchard, 1852, 224.

Species possessing the characters of the family and having
the posterior lobe of head subglobose, constricted both before
and behind ; fourth joint of antennas slightly shorter and thick-
er than third; beak not reaching base of head, the first and
second joints very stout, third almost as stout, nearly as long
as the others united, fourth very short, acute ; pronotum longer
than wide, middle lobe suborbicular, hind one shorter and
wider ; elytra narrow, surpassing abdomen, the discal cell open
behind. Three species are known, one from Chile, a second
from Guatemala and the third from our territory.

477 (684). Systelloderes biceps (Say), 1832, 32; I, 356.

Elongate, slender. Pale yellow or grayish-brown, strongly shining,
very finely pubescent; head, base of beak, antennae, and front lobe of
pronotum often in part darker. Antennae slender, bristly-hairy, joint 1
stoutest, 2 — 4 subequal in length, the fourth subfusiform, slightly flat-
tened. Eyes large, coarsely granulated. Ocelli prominent. Middle lobe
of pronotum smooth with a fovea or impressed line on disk and an-
other each side; hind lobe very finely, distinctly punctate, its hind mar-
gin broadly concave. Scutellum small, triangular, its apical half with
a fine median longitudinal carina. Front tibia with apex dilated, com-
pressed and armed with seven stout spines; also with a row of fine setae

THE AMBUSH BUGS.

503

on inner lower side; front tarsus with two stout spines on lower face,
and ending- in two long claws, the outer one the shorter; the tarsus
retractile to form with the tibia a raptorial and prehensile organ.
Length, 3 — 4 mm. (Fig. 122).

Putnam Co., Ind., Oct. 17. Dunedin and R.
P. Park, Fla., Dec. 9— March 19. One was
taken at Dunedin from beneath a board on the
margin of a pond ; at the Park several at elec-
tric light in room, others by sifting weed debris
in damp places. Ranges from New England
west to Utah and southwest to Florida, Ari-
zona, Cuba and Mexico. Say's type was from
Pennsylvania and having been destroyed, the
insect was redescribed by Uhler (1892, 181)
as Hymenodectes culicis. Bergroth (1913a, 265)
restored Say's specific name and later (1915,
292) placed it under Blanchard's genus which
was founded for a Chilean species. In some
specimens the median impression on middle
lobe of pronotum is in the form of an entire
line, in others only as a central fovea. Johann-
sen (1909, 1) notes it as swarming and hover-
ing in the air about six feet above the ground in his garden
at Ithaca, N. Y. The swarms were first seen on July 5 and con-
tinued until late August, appearing about five o'clock each
afternoon and continuing until sundown.

Family XVII. PHYMATID^E Laporte, 1832, 14.

The Ambush Bugs.

This family includes a small number of stout-bodied, roughly
sculptured Heteroptera of median size having the head small,
porrect, bucculse large, forming a deep groove for the reception
of the beak; antennae 4-jointed, the terminal joint thickened,
fusiform ; beak apparently 3-jointed, the true first one rudi-
mentary ; ocelli present ; pronotum with front portion usually
strongly declivent, both it and abdomen with margins more or
less expanded and upcurved; elytra rather narrow and elon-
gate, their membrane either with numerous veins or closely
reticulated ; front legs raptorial with coxae elongate, femora
much thickened, tibiae curved and strongly retractile, tarsi
often absent; csteola wanting. Males with sixth segments of

Fig. 122, Female
X 13. (After Jo-
hannsen).

504 FAMILY XVII. — PHYMATID^E.

abdomen, above and beneath, closely united and enclosing the
genital plate.

Only about 80 species of the family are known, 14 from
North America. They are all predaceous in habit, hiding them-
selves in the heads of flowers, especially Compositae, where they
await the coming of bees and other nectar-seeking insects.
When the prey is within reach the bug makes a quick stroke
with its sabre-like fore tibiae, draws the victim within reach of
its beak and then leisurely sucks it dry. The family is sepa-
rated into two subfamilies, each represented in North America
by a single genus. The literature is widely scattered, the chief
works being a monograph by Handlirsch, published in 1897,
and Champion, 1898.

KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN GENERA OF PHYMATID^.

a. Tarsi of front legs present but very small, concealed in repose in
a groove on the inner side of tibiae; scutellum small, triangular,
enclosed between the bases of the elytra (Subfamily Phyma-
tinae). I. Phymata.

act. Tarsi of front legs absent; scutellum continued back to the end of
the abdomen, in repose covering the greater part of the elytra
(Subfamily Macrocephalinae). II. Macrocephalus.

I. Phymata Latreille, 1802, 247.

The species of this genus have the head short with vertex
produced forward and sometimes upward, its apex usually
deeply notched ; antennae closely received in grooves, these
passing back above the eyes and beneath the side margins of
pronotum; pronotum with disk very irregular, the margins
sinuate or emarginate in front of the humeral angles; disk of
hind lobe with two longitudinal carinas ; veins of elytral mem-
brane with numerous branches ; front femora grooved to re-
ceive the curved tibiae in repose, the margins of the groove
and the tibiae very finely and closely toothed (fig. 3, c) ; abdo-
men strongly widened and reflexed behind the middle. Seven
species occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PHYMATA.

a. Larger, 8 — 12 mm.; membrane brown; head usually with two tuber-
cles each side of disk.
6. Fourth antennal, especially that of male, longer than second and
third united. 478. wolffii.

bb. Fourth antennal not longer in either sex than second and third
united, often much shorter.

THE AMBUSH BUGS. 505

c. Side margins of basal half of pronotum with one acute tooth or

none; apical angle of fourth connexival obtuse, not, or very

slightly, prolonged outward beyond tip of fifth.

d. Notch of side margins of pronotum wide and shallow, much wider

than deep; side margins of hind lobe of pronotum subtruncate

with a single tooth on its humeral angle; legs not annulate.

479. FASCIATA.
dd. Notch of side margins of pronotum not wider than deep ; side
margins of hind lobe of pronotum obtusely rounded, without
tooth at hind angles; middle and hind legs annulate with
darker. 480. noualhieri.

cc. Side margins of basal half of pronotum with two acute teeth;
apical angle of fourth connexival acute, distinctly prolonged
beyond the tip of fifth. 481. guerini.

aa. Smaller, length not over 7.5 mm. ; membrane usually whitish-
hyaline.
e. Head with two prominent subconical tubercles each side of disk;
pronotum not constricted or notched on the sides between the
two lobes; membrane brown, paler towards apex.

482. ALBOPICTA.

ee. Head with but one tubercle each side of disk; pronotum feebly
notched on sides.
/. Fourth connexival with apex acute, distinctly projecting beyond
the fifth; fourth antennal of male nearly one-third longer than
second and third united ; sides of pronotum without a notch.

483. ACUTANGULA.

//. Fourth connexival with apex obliquely truncate, not projecting
beyond the fifth; fourth antennal of male but slightly longer
than second and third united ; sides of pronotum with a small
notch behind the middle. 484. vicina.

478 (689b). Phymata wolffii Stal, 1876, 133.

Elongate-oval, male; broadly oval, female. Color above variable; in
male with head, pronotum and scutellum usually in great part or wholly
black; in female, dull brownish-yellow; fourth antennal fuscous; elytra,
including membrane, usually brown in male, the corium with outer half
dull yellow in female; abdomen with a broad black or reddish-brown band
crossing the fourth and fifth dorsals; under surface greenish-yellow, the
pleura and sides of fourth and fifth ventrals darker; tibiae and tarsi
usually green. Head granulated, the disk with two pairs of tubercles.
Pronotum with sides reflexed, their margins with an obtuse median notch,
the edges of front lobe granulated, of hind one with two very short obtuse
teeth, the front one with a short carina extending inward from its base.
Scutellum with a granulated longitudinal median carina. Abdomen
gradually widened, the fourth and fifth dorsals acute and prolonged, the
apex of fourth surpassing that of fifth. Genital plate of male elliptical,
convex, its margins fringed with hairs. Other characters as in key.
Length, 8 — 10 mm.

Common throughout southern Indiana; less so in the north-

506

FAMILY XVII. — PHYMATID^E.

em counties, July — October. Occurs mainly on flowers of
goldenrod, boneset, ironweed, great ragweed and other Com-
positae, mating in August and September. The female of one
pair so taken was complacently sucking the juices of a bee
which she had just captured. The females are always paler
than the males, some of the latter, when fresh, being almost
wholly black above. This form, as above described, is usually
listed as a variety of the European P. crosa L. Stal and Hand-
lirsch thought it distinct, the latter describing it under the
name pensylvanica, a synonym. As they had examples of the
European species before them I place it under Stal's name. Its
known range extends from Quebec and New England west to
Illinois and south to Florida, the only record from Florida being
that of Handlirsch for his pensylvanica.

479 (689a). Phymata fasciata (Gray), 1832, 242.

Form of wolffii but larger. General color yellow or greenish-yellow,
the hind lobe of pronotum, scutellum except tip, corium except a spot near

middle, membrane and a band
across the widest part of abdo-
men, pale brown or reddish-
brown ; pleura and ends of fourth
and fifth ventrals tinged with
brownish. Head as in wolffii; the
tubercles more prominent. Fourth
joint of antennae always shorter
than in wolffii, but little longer
than either 2 or 3, which are sub-
equal. Pronotum with notch of
side margins more acute, the hind lobe subtruncate with a single tooth at
its hind angle. Abdomen more gradually and more widely expanded,
the tips of both fourth and fifth dorsals obtuse and subequal in length.
Length, 9—12 mm. (Fig. 123).

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 14 — Oct. 23, its habits
being the same as those of wolffii. Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 27.
This is the only definite locality record for that State, though
recorded from there by Handlirsch. Ranges from New Jersey
and Maryland westward across- the continent and southwest to
Texas, Arizona and Mexico. The larger size, paler color, more
widely and less angulately expanded abdomen and much shorter
fourth joint of antennae distinguish this form from wolffii.
Both it and guerini are usually listed as varieties of the Euro-
pean crosa L.

^^3^=^

Fig. 123, a, dorsal view X 2 ; b, side view
c, front leg; d, beak. (After Riley).

THE AMBUSH BUGS. 507

480 (688). Phymata noualhieri Handlirsch, 1897, 153.

Elongate, oboval, widest much behind the middle. Dull reddish-
gray, pronotum sometimes in great part black; the usual dark cross-bar
behind middle of elytra vague or wanting; under surface reddish-brown,
the sides of abdomen mottled with blackish; antenna? dull yellow; beak
and legs reddish brown, the middle and hind femora and tibiae broadly
annulate with blackish. Head one-half longer than wide with a sub-
conical tubercle each side of disk. Fourth antennal about as long as 2
and 3 united, male, distinctly shorter, female. Pronotum with disk un-
even, its margins unarmed, but thickened and feebly rounded both in
front and behind the median notch. Connexivals 1 — 3 with apical angles
ending in a short blunt tubercle, 4 and 5 higher and wider, their margins
bluntly rounded. Membrane brown, with a network of numerous large
cells. Length, 8 — 9 mm.

Marion, N. Car., July 28 (Brimley). Described from Pennsyl-
vania, Georgia, Mexico and Guatemala. Recorded from Bis-
cayne Bay, Fla.

481 (689d). Phymata guerini Lethierry & Severin, 1896, 28.

Form of P. fasciata. Color much as there, the brown of upper sur-
face more pronounced, in the males often more nearly black as in wolffii
the seventh dorsal with a dark bar. Head with the front pair of tubercles
very small; fourth joint of antenna? about three-fourths as long as 2 and
3 united, male, distinctly shorter, female. Pronotum with sinus of side
margins narrower and deeper, the margins of hind lobe more expanded,
more strongly upcurved, each with an acute tooth at hind angle and
another near middle. Abdomen with ends of fourth and fifth dorsals
strongly expanded, their tips acute, that of fourth surpassing the fifth;
hind angle of each connexival distinctly prolonged backward. Length,
8—10 mm.

Common throughout eastern and southern Florida, Nov. 16
— April 10. Taken at most of my collecting stations and re-
corded from numerous others between Jacksonville and Key
West. Frequent about Dunedin throughout the winter on
flowers of thistle and other plants, and on tall grasses along
margins of ponds. Originally described from Cuba as P. erosa
by Guerin. Known only from the West Indies and Florida.

482 (686). Phymata albopicta Handlirsch, 1897, 151.

Elongate-oval. Head and pronotum pale brown, the latter with two
pale spots on reflexed margins of front half; scutellum clay-yellow; elytra
dark brown, basal half of corium in part paler; connexivals clay-yellow,
the fourth and basal half of fifth black; legs yellow, basal half of
femora and tarsi darker. Joint 4 of antenna? dark brown, paler at base,
as long as 2 and 3 united, male, much shorter, female. Head with a
rather long subvertical bifurcate process. Pronotum with sides strongly
reflexed, their margins broadly curved throughout and with a slender

508 FAMILY XVII. — PHYMATID^E.

tooth on front angles and two on basal third, the interval between the
teeth finely serrate; basal half of disk with two carinae, these visibly
divergent behind. Abdomen abruptly expanded behind the middle, the
apex of fourth connexival subacute, much prolonged beyond that of
fifth. Length, 6.8—7.4 mm.

Vera Paz, Guatemala (British Mus. Coll.). Described from
Georgia. Known also from Mexico.

483 (690). Phymata acutangula (Guerin), 1857, 408.

Elongate-oval, widest behind middle of abdomen. Dull yellow; head,
pronotum in great part, scutellum and a cross-bar behind middle of
elytra dark brown or blackish; two spots on sides of
front half of pronotum and connexivals in front of and
behind the transverse black bar, white, the white con-
^y) Sfcfll fvl* nexivals with small black spots ; corium a dirty gray-
ish-white; membrane whitish-hyaline; antennae, tibiae,
tarsi and last three ventrals yellowish-white. Head
twice as long as broad, the forks of frontal process
more or less divergent. Fourth antennal of male dis-
tinctly longer than 2 and 3 united; of female much
shorter. Pronotuum strongly narrowed from humeral
angles to apex, the side margins sinuate with median
notch very small or obsolete; hind lobe with sides
dilated and reflexed, their margins subtruncate and
Pig l24~Female x G Dearing two or three short obtuse teeth. Abdomen
(After Champion i. with fourth and fifth connexivals abruptly expanded,
the fourth with margin oblique, its apical angle subacute, slightly pro-
longed backward and distinctly projecting beyond the fifth. Hind
margin of last dorsal of male squarely truncate. Length, 5 — 7 mm.
(Fig. 124).

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 16 — April 10. Two specimens taken by
sweeping or beating in moist places, a third beneath a board on
margin of pond. A tropical American species ranging south to
Argentina and known heretofore in this country only from
Texas.

484 (685). Phymata vicina Handlirsch, 1897, 150.

Elongate-oval, widest behind the middle. Head, pronotum in great
part, scutellum, a broad bar across the middle of abdomen and some
spots on connexivals blackish; two submarginal spots on front lobe of
pronotum, elytra, except membrane, and connexivals in front of and
behind the black bar, grayish-white; antenna?, tibia?, tarsi, fifth and sixth
ventrals and genital plate, dull yellow; femora black, the knees pale.
Head with forks of frontal process divergent. Pronotum broader, less
narrowed in front, the sides more rounded than in acutangula, its nearest
ally; side margins sinuate with median sinus distinct, but small and
teeth of hind lobes much shorter; disk of hind lobe more convex, more
coarsely and densely punctate, its median carina more prominent. Abdo-

THE AMBUSH BUGS. 509

men less abruptly dilated behind than in acutangula; the fourth con-
nexival obliquely subtruncate, its hind angle much less prominent. Hind
margin of last dorsal of male obviously but very broadly and shallowly
emarginate. Length, 6.5 — 7.5 mm.

Hessville, Lake Co., Ind., June 30; Lahaway, N. J., Aug. 1
{Gerhard). Recorded heretofore only from Sanford, Fla., Mas-
sachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticuut.

II. Macrocephalus Swederus, 1787, 183.
Species of medium or small size having the head long, sub-
cylindrical, porrect ; antennae very short and stout, inserted on
the front of head between the lateral expansions of the cheeks ;
front lobe of pronotum much narrower and
on a lower plane than hind one, its front mar-
gin concave, disk granulate, hind lobe with
humeral angles obtuse, hind margin sinuate,
disk punctate ; scutellum elongate-oval, reach-
ing tip of abdomen, its apex rounded (fig.
125); connexivum almost wholly exposed;
front coxae very long, front femora greatly
enlarged, concave within and fitted with a
groove for the reception of the strongly
curved tibiae. Genital plate of male suborbicu-
ceph'aius n o ta t u s lar, convex, its hind margin depressed. About

Westw., a Texas spe- .

des; male, x 4. 30 species are known, mostly from tropical

(After Champion). . . „ . . , . ..

America, two of which occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF MACROCEPHALUS.

a. Scutellum with a smooth yellowish calloused median carina or eleva-
tion, widest behind and reaching its middle or beyond; hind lobe of
pronotum bicarinate, its humeral angles notched ; larger, length
9 — 11 mm. 485. CIMICOIDES.

aa. Scutellum with a narrow median carina which is yellowish and cal-
loused only at extreme base; hind lobe of pronotum with only
traces of carina?, its humeral angles obtuse, entire; smaller, not
over 5.5 mm. 486. prehensilis.

485 (691). Macrocephalus cimicoides Swederus, 1787, 185.

Elongate-oval, dilated behind. General color dull reddish-yellow,
the basal lobe of pronotum and scutellum purplish-brown, fading to
grayish-brown, the scutellar callosity yellow; antennae reddish-brown;
tibiae and tarsi greenish-yellow. Antenna? shorter than head, very stout,
basal joint subclavate, its apex hollowed out to receive the base of sec-
ond, the latter constricted to form a ball-like base; third joint slightly
longer than second, subclavate, fourth much stouter, fusiform or sub-
conical, slightly longer than 2 and 3 united. Front lobe of pronotum with

510 FAMILY XVII. — PHYMATID^E.

sides rounded, disk granulate; hind lobe much wider, its disk uneven,
thickly, rather coarsely punctate, the carinas divergent behind. Median
callosity of scutellum with apical half widened and flattened, its apex
subtruncate with angles and middle usually slightly prolonged, the
latter continued as a fine carina to apex of scutellum. Connexivum of
female more widely expanded and exposed than in male. Length,
9—11 mm.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Jan. 20 — April 11. Frequent
at Dunedin in open pine woods in early spring on the flowers
of low shrubs, especially those of a dwarf pawpaw, A simian
parviflora Michx., and a low huckleberry, Vaccinia myrsinites Lam.
Nymphs were taken only once, Nov. 23, on the huckleberry
mentioned. The adults hibernate on the under side of leaves
or dead weeds which afford them protective coloration.

The known range of M. cimicoides extends from "Carolina"
and Florida west to Texas and California. In Florida it has
been recorded from several stations between Jacksonville and
Ft. Myers and doubtless occurs sparingly over most of the
State. When fresh the basal half of pronotum and the scutellum
are often a handsome reddish-purple and the callosity of the
latter sometimes blue. This varied hue taken in connection
with the peculiar shape and large front legs make this one of
the most bizarre forms of our Heteropterous fauna.

486 (695). Macrocephalus prehensilis (Fabricius), 1803, 123.

Elongate-oval. Dull yellow or greenish-yellow; upper surface with
head, pronotum and a wide median stripe the full length of scutellum,
blackish; antenna? brown; tibiae and tarsi greenish-yellow. Antennae
much as in cimicoides, joints 2 and 3 subequal, the third subclavate.
Pronotum with disk much less uneven and more flattened than in cimi-
coides, thickly and deeply punctate, the margins of front lobe rather
sharp, and granulate. Carina of scutellum narrow, of equal width
throughout, its pale basal calloused portions very short. Length,
5 — 5.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 10 — 18. Three taken singly by sweep-
ing low vegetation along the margins of ponds. Recorded by
Barber from ten other stations in the State. Ranges from
"Carolina," Kentucky and Tennessee, south and southwest to
Texas and Mexico.

The Macrocephalus manicatus (Fabr.) listed from "Carolina"
and Texas by Van Duzee (1917, 230) was regarded by Stal as
a synonym of cimicoides. The locality "Amerique du Nord,"
cited by Handlirsch (1897, 193) for his M. gracilis, is too in-
definite for the insect to be included in this work.

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 511

Family XVIII. PLOIARIID^E Dohrn, 1863, 43.
The Thread-legged Bugs.

Heteroptera of very slender elongate form and variable
length having the head either porrect or declivent behind, not
pedicillate, usually divided into two lobes by a transverse suture
between the eyes ; ocelli absent ; eyes placed on sides of middle
of head, usually large and coarsely granulated ; antennae 4-
jointed, the first and second joints unusually long; beak short,
3-jointed, attached to tip of head, without downward project-
ing bristles, the basal joint bent downward ; pronotum variable
in form and size ; scutellum small, triangular ; elytra often
absent, when present in great part hyaline and of uniform
texture throughout ; front legs raptorial, their coxal cavities
opening forward and downward and with a minutely striated
longitudinal groove between them, the coxae greatly elongated,
reaching or surpassing apex of head ; front femora armed
beneath with numerous spines or setse; front tibiae strongly
retractile, also usually armed beneath ; middle and hind legs
filiform, very long and slender.

As treated by McAfee & Malloch (1925) the family is rep-
resented on the American continent by about 160 known
species, 44 of which are found in the United States. Of these
26 are known from our territory. They occur mostly beneath
loose bark, in the bases of tufts of grass, in bunches of dead
leaves, or in old barns, dwellings, cellars and outhouses, where
they prey upon other insects which happen in their way. Our
United States species are distributed among eight genera,
seven of which are represented in the eastern states. The prin-
cipal literature pertaining to them is by Dohrn, 1860, 1863 ;
Stal, 1872, 1874; Champion, 1898; Banks, 1909; Bergroth,
1906a, 1922a, 1922b; McAfee & Malloch, 1925.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF PLOIARIID.T:.

a. Front tarsi flexible, distinctly 2- or 3-jointed; front trochanters

unarmed; body of adults winged, the elytra surpassing abdomen;

front femora spinose from the base; claws of front tarsus two,

usually equal.

b. Elytra with two completely enclosed discal cells, the basal one

triangular (fig. 1) ;59 pronotum extending backward over mesono-

tum to bases of wings, always with a deep constriction, some-

59The figures cited in keys and descriptions of the family Ploiariida? refer, for
the most part, to those on plates V and VI, pages 512 and 528.

512

FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIID^E.

Plate V. Structures of Sten'olemus, Empicoris, Lutbvopsis and Ploiaria.

Pig. 1, Elytron of Stenolemus showing venation; S=stigma ; D=discal cell; B=
basal discal cell. Pig. 2, Elytron of S. hirtipes. Fig. 3, Front tibia and tarsus of
Empicoris tuberculatus. Pig. 4, Elytron of same species. Fig. 5, Under side of apex
of abdomen of male of E. rubromaculatus. Figs. 6 and S, Apex of fore wings of E.
winnemana and E. vagabundus. Fig. 7, Front leg of S. longicornis. Fig. 9, Side
view of apex of abdomen of E. culiciformis. Figs. 10, 12 and 13, Under side of apex
of male abdomens of E. urinal us, E. tuberculatus and E. reticulatus. Fig. 11, Cross-
veins of hind wing of E. winnemana. Figs. 11 and 15, Head and elytron of Lutevop-
sis longimanus. Figs. 16 and 17, Front leg of Ploiaria, showing different types of
femoral armature. Pigs. 18, 19 and 20, Hind margins of genital plates of males of
Ploiaria hirticornis, P. Carolina and P. floridana. Fig. 21, Elytron of P. setulifera.
Fig. 22, Egg of Emesaya brevipennis. All greatly enlarged.

(After McAtee & Mallocu, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mils., Vol. 67, Art. 1).

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 513

times pedunculate; antennas and legs with numerous long erect

hairs60 (fig. 7) ; elytra with the inner apical margin concave1'0

(fig. 2). I. Stenolemus, p. 513.

bb. Elytra with but one discal cell (figs. 4, 15) ; pronotum seldom with

a deep constriction, never pedunculate; antennae and legs without

long erect hairs."1

c. Front tarsi 2-jointed; meso- and metanota usually each with a

spine; pronotum slightly constricted near front margin.

II. Empicoris, p. 515.

cc. Front tarsi 3-jointed ; meso- and metanota unarmed ; pronotum

slightly constricted near middle; venation of elytra as in fig. 15.

III. Lutevopsis, p. 523.
aa. Front tarsi rigid or inflexible, either 1-jointed or so heavily chitin-
ized that the sutures are invisible; body winged or apterous; claws
of front tarsi usually either unequal or single.
d. Front femora spinose from the base (figs. 16 and 17) ; pronotum
not extending over mesonotum. IV. Ploiaria,i;l> p. 524.

dd. Front femora spinose from about the basal third or middle (fig.
32) ; pronotum in winged forms overlapping mesonotum to base
of wings.
e. Head without tubercles or spines ; elytra, when present, with one
discal cell (fig. 28) ; basal ventral spine of front femur much
longer than the others; front tarsi with two equal claws; length,
28 or more mm. V. Emesaya, p. 527.

ee. Head normally with tubercles or spines (figs. 23 and 24) ; elytra,
when present, with two discal cells; front tarsi with one claw.
/. Head with two tubercles or spines, one between bases of anten-
nae, the other just beneath it decurved above base of beak (fig.
23) ; front tarsus with two rows of decumbent setae on its lower
surface (fig. 33) ; adults often winged, the elytra shorter than
abdomen; length, less than 18 mm. VI. Metapterus, p. 531.
//. Head with a single slender curved spine between bases of an-
tennae (fig. 24) ; front tarsus with two rows of very fine elon-
gate deflected knife-like teeth on its lower surface (fig. 25) ;
adults never winged ; length, 20 — 25 mm.

VII. Ghilianella, p. 535.

I. Stenolemus, Signoret, 1858, 251.

Species of medium size and, for the family, of rather stout
form, having the head short, broader across the eyes than long,
its hind lobe armed with two short obtuse spines ; eyes very
large and prominent; beak stout, its second joint swollen at

00In our eastern species. 81Except in Empicoris pilosus.

02McAtee & Malloch place this genus under that primary division of their key
having the "fore tarsi distinctly segmented, the dividing sutures always visible under
a high power lens," yet in the section leading directly to Ploiaria they say "tarsi
heavily chitinized, fused so closely that the oblique sutures are visible only under a
very high power lens." Since the sutures are invisible with the lenses at hand, I
place the genus under aa.

514 FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIHLE.

base; pronotum with front lobe subquadrate or subglobose,
narrower than head across the eyes, either deeply constricted
or united to the hind lobe by a slender cylindrical peduncle;
hind lobe subcordate, its disk in our species with four tubercles
near hind margin, sides declivent, distinctly converging- from
the base, the latter broadly emarginate ; meso- and metanota
each armed with a short spine on middle of hind margin ; elytra
gradually widened from base to apex, the latter with inner
margin obliquely concave, the basal discal cell emitting a short
branch from the basal third of its coslal margin; front coxae
about half the length of femora, the latter but slightly longer
than tibiae. Eleven species are known from North and South
America, two from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF STEXOLEMUS.

a. Prothorax deeply constricted, not pedunculate; spines of front fem-
ora very short, the basal one directed straight downward (fig.
7) ; meso- and metanotal spines stout, the former strongly inclined
backward. 487. longicornis.

aa. Prothorax strongly pedunculate, the cylindrical peduncle as long as
front lobe; spines of front femora longer and more slender, nearly
as long as the tibial diameter, the basal one inclined backward;
meso- and metanotal spines slender, both suberect. 488. hirtipes.

487 ( — ). Stenolemus longicornis (Blatchley), 1925, 46.

Elongate, robust for the family. Head and front lobe of pronotum
fuscous-brown, the former with one, the latter with three, pale stripes ;
hind lobe of pronotum dull yellow; meso- and metanota dark brown;
elytra pale brown, the margins, main nerves and all the nervures pale
yellow; under surface piceous-brown, the genital segments paler; an-
tennae and legs pale yellow, annulated with pale brown. Hind lobe of
head with an obtuse tubercle each side; antennae with joint 2 slightly
longer than 1, 3 one-fourth as long as 2, nearly twice as long as 4. Front
lobe of pronotum subquadrate, not tapering in front or behind. Ventrals
3 — 5 without submedian tubercles. Spines of front femora and tibiae
black, short, relatively stout. Genital plate of male small, scoop-shaped.
Length, 8 — 11 mm.

Cape Sable and Key West, Fla., Feb. 23— March 1. Five
specimens were taken by beating in dense hammocks along
the margins of tidewater lagoons. The Stenolemus p-istinus
McAtee & Malloch (1925, 29) is a synonym.

488 ( — ). Stenolemus hirtipes McAtee & Malloch, 1925, 32.

Elongate, slender. Above pale clay-yellow; head and pronotum with
a brownish tinge; elytra with several of the larger membranous cells in
part or wholly brown (fig. 2) ; antennae and legs dull yellow, annulated
with pale brown; meso- and metasterna brown; abdomen fuscous-brown,

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 515

the last ventral and genital plate of male paler. Head with hind lobe
strongly declivent, attached to the thorax by a short, very slender neck.
Joint 1 of antennas reaching base of pronotum; 2 more slender, slightly
shorter; 3 only one-fourth the length of 2, half as long as 4. Meso- and
metanotal spines slender, subequal, the front one erect, the hind one more
tapering and curved slightly forward. Ventrals 3 — 5 each with a pair
of short submedian spines hear hind margin. Front femora armed be-
neath with two stout spines and numerous short seta?, the spines white
with black tips. Genital plate of male short, scoop-shaped. Length,
9.5 — 10 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 7 ; one male beaten from buttonwood,
Conocarpus erecta L. (W.S.B.). Raleigh, N. Car., June (Brim-
Icy) . The only other recorded specimen from Florida is one
taken September 24 by Davis at Miami. Known also from
South Carolina and Mississippi. This is the species usually
listed and recorded as 5". spiniventris Sign., originally described
from Mexico and recorded from Cuba and Arizona, and it is
very possible will prove to be that species. McAtee & Malloch,
not having seen Signoret's type of spiniventris, do not include
it in the U. S. fauna, stating that the figure of Signoret shows
the "mesonotal spine as erect and acute and the metanotal
swollen at tip and curved so as to extend forward past the
mesonotal spine." Uhler's remark regarding S. spiniventris
(1884, 277) will well apply to the species at hand. Of it he
wrote : "This is an extremely curious insect, built in the most
intangible manner." The short, wide head, very large eyes,
slender neck, lobes of pronotum so formed as to resemble a
dumb-bell, and slender antennae and legs, densely clothed with
long fine silky erect hairs, make a combination unique in our
Heteropterous fauna.

II. Empicoris Wolff, 1811, IV.

Slender-bodied species of medium length, having the head
porrect, bilobed by a deep sulcus between the eyes, the front
lobe subquadrate, the hind one subglobose ; antennae much
longer than body, they, as well as legs, annulate with pale and
dark rings ; pronotum extending over mesonotum to base of
wings, its front lobe shorter than head, subquadrate, with sides
rounded, hind lobe oblong, nearly twice as long as front one ;
meso- and metanota and usually the first dorsal, each with a
short spine on middle of hind margin ; venation of elytra as in
figs. 6 and 8 ; front femora either with bristly hairs or spinose

516 FAMILY XVIII. — ploiariid;e.

from the base, the spines or hairs usually very short and nu-
merous; front tibiae nearly as long as the femora, front tarsi
with two distinct segments (fig. 3). Other characters as in
generic key.

The species of Empicoris appear to be very scarce in Indiana,
but occur quite frequently in Florida. There both they and
other Ploiarids seem especially partial to leaves of palmetto.
From a pile of leaves of cabbage palmetto in my back yard,
which were cut in November, I have taken by beating, before
April, examples of Empicoris rubromaculatus, barberi and palmensis,
Emesaya brevipennis, Ploiaria setulifera and hirticornis, and Mctap-
terus fra tenuis. Both the generic names Ploiariodes White and
Ploiariola Reut. are, according to McAtee & Malloch (1923,
162), to be replaced by Empicoris Wolff. Twelve species are
recognized by these authors, ten of which occur in the eastern
states, and one additional one is herewith added.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF EMPICORIS.

a. Hind lobe of pronotum with lateral carinae obsolete at middle; apical
third of elytral costal margin usually marked with red; eighth
ventral of male with a large rounded emargination on hind mar-
gin (fig. 5). 489. RUBROMACULATUS.
aa. Hind lobe of pronotum with pale lateral carinae complete through-
out; apical third of costal margin without a red line; eighth ven-
tral of male prolonged backward at middle of hind margin (figs.
12, 13).
b. Hind lobe of pronotum with two sharp whitish dorsal carinse, sim-
ilar to the lateral ones, extending its full length; dark areas of
elytra thickly peppered with minute whitish dots ; front end of
lateral carina? of pronotum without a small process or knob.

490. BARBERI.

bb. Pronotum without sharp dorsal carinse; dark areas of elytra (ex-
cept in errabundus) without whitish dots; lateral carinse of hind
lobe of pronotum each usually ending in front in a more or less
distinct process or knob.
c. Apical third of inner or hind wings either conspicuously spotted
with black, or fuscous with white reticulations.
d Hind margin of pronotum with a conspicuous black erect median
tubercle; front end of lateral carinas of hind lobe of pronotum
ending in a small outward projecting process; elytra not honey-
combed as in reticulata*, their venation as in fig. 4.

491. TUBERCULATUS.

(Id. Hind margin of pronotum without a tubercle; front end of lateral
carinae of pronotum without an outward projecting process;
elytra microscopically honey-combed with fine black lines.

492. RETICULATUS.

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 517

cc. Hind wings not spotted apically or very faintly so at extreme tip.
e. The large fuscous spots on elytra marked with small white dots;
two of the spines at base of under side of front femora
about as long as diameter of femora and quite stout; front
coxa? not longer than distance from coxal cavity to upper mar-
gin of pronotum; hind lobe of pronotum with a very small pale
median tubercle on basal margin and a small process on front
end of lateral carinae. 493. errabundus.

ee. Fuscous spots of elytra not marked with clear dots; spines at
base of fore femora much shorter than femoral diameter;
front coxa longer than distance from coxal cavity to upper
margin of pronotum.
/. Pronotum with an evident tubercle on middle of hind margin.
g. Pronotum with two distinctly curved pilose white lines which
are conspicuous on front lobe; bases of elytra white.

494. NUDUS.
gg. Hind lobe of pronotum with two broad white stripes which do
not reach its hind margin nor extend onto front lobe; eighth
ventral of male with a slender apical process (fig. 10).

495. ARMATUS.
//. Pronotum without a tubercle on middle of hind margin.

h. Front lobe of pronotum with two raised curved white lines in

addition to the lateral carinae; hind lobe of pronotum, costal

margin of elytra and front legs with numerous very fine

erect hairs in addition to the usual pile; mesonotal spine

brown, horizontal. 496. palmensis.

hh. Front lobe of pronotum without curved white elevated lines;

hind lobe of pronotum and costal margin of elytra without

erect hairs.

i. Stigma, or apical third of costal margin of elytra, linear,

entirely black, forming a conspicuous costal streak centered

on the vein closing costal half of discal cell, the latter much

longer than that closing the other half (fig. 6) ; cross veins

in middle of hind wing forming a straight line (fig. 11).

497. WINNEMANA.

ii. Stigma widened beyond the vein closing costal half of discal

cell, the latter not longer than that closing the other half,

(fig. 8) ; cross veins in middle of hind wing forming an an-

gulate line.

j. Antennas and legs without long hairs; stigma with two or

three blackish spots beyond the cross-vein; male claspers

knobbed, the knob concave at tip (fig. 9).

498. CULICIFORMIS.

jj. Antenna? and legs beset with numerous long erect hairs ;
stigma without dark spots beyond the cross-vein; claspers
not knobbed. 499. pilosus.

489 (699). Empicoris rubromaculatus (Blackburn), 1889, 349.

Elongate, slender. Head and front lobe of pronotum fuscous-brown,
finely pubescent, the latter with a black stripe each side; hind lobe of

518 FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIID^E.

pronotum paler brown, its two obtuse ridges whitish; elytra grayish-
brown, the costal margin and nervures in part white, the apical third of
costal stigma usually in part reddish; beak and antennae annulate with
dark brown and white; front coxae white, the apical fourth and a narrow
ring at middle fuscous; front tibiae and tarsi fuscous, each with two
or three narrow white rings ; middle and hind legs white, narrowly an-
nulate with numerous black rings. Basal joint of antennae of male with
numerous erect hairs. Eyes very prominent. Meso- and metanotal spines
horizontal, subequal. Length, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Sept. 29 ; beaten from branches of dead
willow on banks of White River. Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 19 —
April 13 ; numerous specimens beaten from bunches of Spanish
moss and piles of dead leaves of cabbage palmetto {W. S. B.).
Raleigh, N. Car., June (Brimley). Described from Hawaii; also
as Ploiariodes calif arnica by Banks (1909, 46) from California.
Recorded from Gainesville, Fla.; also from Mississippi, Vir-
ginia, Porto Rico and Brazil. A prettily marked little species,
the annulations of antennae being more equal in width than in
our other forms; the red mark on edge of corium sometimes
very faint.

490 ( — ). Empicoris barberi (McAtee & Malloch), in Barber, 1923b, 7.

Elongate, slender. General color piceous-brown; head with a whit-
ish line extending from base of each antenna back to occiput, there
abruptly bent and uniting with a diagonal one from below each eye;
dorsal and lateral carina? and hind margin of pronotum white; antennae
and legs with numerous narrow black and white annulations, the sub-
apical dark one on femora and basal joint of antennae broader; ventrals
clothed with fine yellowish pubescence, 2 and 4 each with a small round
bare spot on each side of hind margin. Joint 1 of antennae one-third
longer than 2; 3 twice the length of 4. Hind margin of pronotum with-
out a median tubercle. Meso- and metanotum without spines. Spinules
of front femora and tibiae numerous, very short and fine. Length, 3 —
3.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 25 ; one specimen beaten from a pile of
recently killed leaves of cabbage palmetto. Known heretofore
only from the unique type, taken in Porto Rico. Easily dis-
tinguished by the peculiar white lines on head, white dorsal
pronotal carinse and hyaline dots of corium.

491 (698). Empicoris tuberculatus,;:: (Banks), 1909, 46.

Elongate, slender. Head, front lobe of pronotum and under surface
fuscous-brown; hind lobe of pronotum paler brown, its sides and hind
margins narrowly edged with pale yellow; elytra pale brown, the cross

83Treated by McAtee & Malloch as /•:. errabundus (Say). See the notes under
that species.

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 519

nervures of the costal area and reticulations of the disk whitish; first
and second antennals each with nine or ten pale rings and a similar
number of dark ones; beak annulated with white and brown; front coxae
white with two or three small brown dots ; front femora and tibia? largely
brown, thickly pilose, each with three or four narrow pale rings; middle
and hind femora and tibia? white, each with ten or more narrow brown
rings ; connexivals blackish, each with a whitish spot near the incisures.
Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? subequal; 3 one-third the length of 2, three
times as long as 4. Front lobe of pronotum with middle concave and an
obtuse ridge on each side; hind lobe about as wide as long, its disk with
two low obtuse ridges, and hind margin with a short stout black spine
between their bases. Spine of mesonotum inclined, subequal in length
to the erect one of metanotum. Elytra slightly surpassing abdomen,
their tips conjointly broadly rounded, the extreme apex subtruncate (fig.
4) ; eighth ventral of male with an obtusely pointed apical spine (fig.
12). Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Falls Church, Va., Aug. 7, type (Banks). Herndon, Va.,
August (McAtee). Argo and Edgebrook, 111., Aug. 13 — 17
(Gerhard) ; one of the two specimens from a branch of dead
hickory. Ranges from Ontario and New England southwest
to Georgia and Texas and west to Iowa and Kansas. One of
our most widely distributed species of Empicoris, but the synon-
ymy is so confused that the true range is problematical.

492 ( — ). Empicoris reticulatus McAtee & Malloch, 1925, 20.

Elongate, slender. Head fuscous-brown, with lines of white pubes-
cence; pronotum yellowish-brown, its hind lobe with two rather broad
whitish discal ridges, lateral carina? and narrow edge of hind margin
white; elytra fuscous-brown with white veins or reticulations; apical
third of inner wings with numerous distinct fuscous spots ; under surface
fuscous-black, minutely pubescent; spiracles and a spot on anterior apical
angle of each ventral yellowish; middle and hind legs annulate with
numerous broad white rings and very narrow dark ones; front femora
brown with two narrow pale rings; beak dark brown, its apical joint
pale. Fourth antennal nearly half as long as third. Lateral carina? of
pronotum without anterior process or knob, their hind end curved inward
and forward at base. Mesonotal spine subhorizontal, pale brown with
apex whitish. Front femora armed beneath with two rows of close-set
fine seta?. Eighth ventral of male prolonged as in fig. 13. Length,
5 — 6 mm.

Natchez, Miss., June 2 (U. S. Nat. Mus.). Recorded from
Massachusetts and Maryland ; also from Cordoba, Mexico and
Guatemala.

493 (697). Empicoris errabundus (Say), 1832, 34; I, 359.

Elongate, very slender. Head and front lobe of pronotum brown;
hind lobe of pronotum and ground color of elytra straw-yellow; basal

520 FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIHLE.

half and discal cell of elytra largely pale brown flecked with numerous
small white dots; apical third of elytra with several vague fuscous spots;
connexivum wholly pale straw-yellow; under surface brown, irregularly
marked with fuscous, the narrow side margins of each ventral reddish-
yellow. Joint 1 of antennae brown with 10 — 12 narrow rings and ex-
treme tip, pale yellow; 2 and 3 dull yellow, the basal half of 2 with three
or four vague brownish rings; 4 fuscous-brown; joint 2, three-fourths the
length of 1, 3 one-third the length of 2, twice as long as 4. Beak and
front coxae straw-yellow; front femora yellow with two narrow incom-
plete rings and a broader preapical one, brown ; front tibiae with four
dark rings; middle and hind legs pale yellow annulate with numerous
dark rings, three of those on femora broader than the others. Pronotum
with calli of front lobe convex, prominent, set obliquely and with a mi-
nute tubercle in the depression between them; hind lobe nearly two-thirds
longer than front one, its median ridges low, obtuse, lateral carinas ending
in a short outward projecting process. Mesonotal spine long, strongly
inclined backward, metanotal one, erect, distinctly shorter. Front femora
about twice as long and distinctly stouter than front coxae, the two basal
spines distinctly longer and somewhat stouter than the others, the latter
irregular in length and thickness. Length, 4 — 5.5 mm.

Falls Church, Va., Aug. 1 — 22 (Banks). The known range
extends from New England west to Pennsylvania and south-
west to Virginia. Recorded from a much wider territory, but
many of the records under the name of errabundus belong to
tuberculatus (Banks), culiciformis De Geer and rubromaculatus
(Blackb.). Banks states that it is usually taken on logs, but
that he found it on bark of a live tulip tree ; also at light.

The species as described above, is the Plceariola parshleyi of
Bergroth (1922a, 50, 79), and the Empicoris parshleyi (Bergr.)
of McAtee & Malloch (1925, 22). It is not the E. errabundus
(Say) of the latter authors ; that being the E. tuberculatus Banks
described above. My reasons for this opinion can be best set
forth by a comparison with Say's original description, which
is as follows :

"This is so closely allied to Ploiaria vagabunda Fabr., that I give it
a distinct name with much hesitation ; nevertheless the anterior thighs
are somewhat less elongate, with the two basal spines much more promi-
nent than the others; the abdomen is immaculate, the ambulations of the
feet are much more obvious; the lateral carinate line of the thorax has a
prominence like an obtuse spine before: in these characters it differs from
the vagabunda; but in the spotted appearance of the hemelytra and the
form and magnitude of the scutellar spines it resembles that species."

In the three characters which I have italicised in Say's de-
scription it agrees with the species treated by McAtee & Mai-

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS.

521

loch as parshleyi (Bergr.), whereas in only the last one does it
agree with the tuberculatus of Banks. Moreover, an astute ob-
server like Say would not have overlooked the prominent tuber-
cle on the basal margin of pronotum if he had had in hand a
specimen of tuberculatus.

494 ( — ). Empicoris nudus McAtee & Malloch, 1925, 22.

Elongate, slender. Head dark brown, vertex with two curved lines
of fine whitish pile; disk of pronotum chocolate-brown with two white
lines which converge from front margin to the constriction and then
curve, diverge and end on basal fourth of disk; lateral carina?, Y-shaped
mark over humerus on each side and a line along basal margin white;
sides of basal half of disk pale brown. Antennas and tibia? annulate as
in armatus. Median tubercle on basal margin of pronotum, stout, promi-
nent. Front coxa? stout, distinctly shorter than pronotum, half as long
as femora. Joint 4 of antenna? half as long as 3. Length, 4.5 mm.

Known only by a single female in the U. S. National Museum,
taken March 6 at Paradise Key, Fla.

495 ( — ). Empicoris armatus (Champion), 1898, 165.

Elongate, slender. Head and pronotum fuscous-brown, thickly
clothed with short white prostrate hairs, those on head forming three
whitish lines, and on hind lobe of pronotum two white
stripes as in key; pronotum with lateral carina?, edge
of hind margin and a small nodule just within poste-
rior angles ivory-white; elytra fuscous-brown, the
veins ivory-white and usually some reddish-brown
markings on apical third; under surface dark brown,
thickly and minutely pubescent with yellowish hairs,
the genital plate of male in part paler; spiracles and
a line on each ventral in front of them whitish. Joint

1 of antenna? very long, reaching base of middle third
of elytra, annulate with 10 — 12 narrow blackish rings;

2 shorter with 8 — 11 similar rings; 3 about one-third
the length of 2, 4 nearly one-half the length of 3,
dusky at base and apex. Pronotum with lateral
carina? entire, their front ends without knob or
process; tubercle on hind margin stout, suberect, dark
brown, its tip white; meso- and metanotal spines
white, subhorizontal or strongly inclined. Front

femora setose, not spinose beneath. Ventrals impunctate or nearly so.
Length, 4—5.5 mm. (Fig. 126).

Royal Palm Park, Fla., Feb. 28 (U. S. Nat.Mus.). Recorded
also from Sanford, Sebastian and Gainesville, Fla. Described
from Guatemala and Panama. Known also from Porto Rico
and Jamaica. The Ploeariola mansueta Berg. ( 1922a, 51, 80) is
a synonym.

126, X 4.
Champion) .

522 FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIHLE.

496 ( — ). Empicoris palmensis sp. nov.

Elongate, slender. Head and front lobe of pronotum dull yellow
blotched with fuscous; hind lobe of pronotum a uniform dull yellow;
meso- and metanota brownish-yellow, their spines dark brown; elytra
dull yellow, the costal margin of each with a small fuscous submarginal
blotch in front of middle and another at apical fourth; first and second
joints of antenna? each with about nine pale l'ings alternating with nine
narrower brownish ones; beak yellow, the second joint with two fuscous
rings, the third with base tinged with fuscous; front legs yellow, the
coxa? each with two brownish dots on outer side, the femora with four
narrow rings and apical fifth brownish, tibia? with two brownish rings
on basal half and a wider one at apical third ; middle and hind legs yel-
low, alternated with narrow brownish rings; under surface pale brown,
the margins yellowish. Joint 2 of antenna? one-fifth shorter than 1, 3
one-half the length of 2, twice as long as 4. Both head and eyes small
for the genus. Hind lobe of pronotum subquadrate, the usual obtuse dis-
cal ridges scarcely evident. Spine of mesonotum almost horizontal, of
metanotum suberect. Elytra surpassing abdomen by one-fifth their
length, their tips narrowly rounded. Spines of front femora very short
and wholly pale, almost invisible. Length, 4.2 — 4.7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 20 — April 22. Two specimens beaten
from the dead leaves of cabbage palmetto. Differs from all our
described species in its pale color, erect slender hairs on parts
mentioned in key, dark notal spines and relative length of
antennals.

497 ( — ). Empicoris winnemana McAtee & Malloch, 1925, 19.

Elongate, slender. Head and pronotum dark brown; elytra pale
brown, veins whitish, stigma as in key; antenna? and legs fuscous-brown,
the usual paler rings, except the incisures, vague or wanting, more dis-
tinct on front and middle femora. Antennae finely pubescent, joint 4
two-fifths as long as 3. Front femora more than twice as long as coxa?,
their lower margin thickly beset with short hairs and minute spines.
Other characters as in i of key. Length, 4.5 mm.

Known only from Plummer's Island, Md., and Vienna, Va.,
where it occurs in October.

498 ( — ). Empicoris culiciformis (De Geer), 1773, 323.

Elongate, slender. Head and pronotum pale reddish-brown, thickly
clothed with very fine silvery-gray hairs ; elytra thickly mottled with
pale fuscous-brown spots, costal margins pale with two small oblong
blackish spots behind the middle; hind wings not spotted near apex; con-
nexivals dark brown, each with a pale spot on front half; beak pale
brown, the apex whitish; under surface dark brown, the front half of side
margin of each ventral pale; middle and hind legs with dark and pale
annulations subequal in width; front coxa? pale with a small spot at
middle of each side and apex black; front femora and tibia? each with

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 523

three or four pale rings, the apex of tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black.
Pronotum with lateral carinae without anterior process,1'4 its hind lobe
with median ridges low and broad. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Falls Church, Va. (Banks). Bucharest (U.S.Nat. Mus.) ;
determined by Montandon. A European species known in this
country from New England west to Oregon and southwest to
Maryland and Virginia. The Ploiar.ia metadata Haldeman (1848,
151) is a synonym.

499 (700). Empicoris pilosus (Fieber), 1861, 149.

Elongate, slender. Pale grayish-yellow. Head with a median line,
forked in front, fuscous ; front lobe of pronotum with three or four
oblong fuscous spots; elytra mottled with large fuscous spots, the veins
dull yellow; under surface in great part pale brownish-yellow, the ven-
trals tinged with fuscous; front femora with three dark brown bands,
the apical one the wider; middle and hind femora with four narrow dark
rings, and a broad one near apex. Antennae and legs with numerous erect
yellowish hairs which are three or four times longer than the thickness
of the segments. Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

Marne, France (U. S. Nat. Mus.). A European species rang-
ing through the northern part of this country, from New Eng-
land west to Victoria, B. C. Definite records from the interior
are scarce, but Hussey (1921, 10) mentions it as taken July
20 from a spider web in Gogebic Co., Mich. E. pilosus is usually
listed as a variety of E. vagabundus (Linn.), also a European
species which occurs in western Canada. However, the anten-
nae and legs of that species bear only very short hairs and the
general color is more fuscous. A comparison of typical ex-
amples of both forms leads to the conclusion that they are
very distinct species. The P. hirtipes Banks (1912, 97) is a
synonym.

III. Lutevopsis Champion, 1898, 165.

Elongate, slender winged species, having the head about as
long as front lobe of pronotum, convex and obliquely narrowed
behind, without frontal spine (fig. 14) ; eyes prominent; beak
with basal joint shorter than second; pronotum elongate, the
front lobe one-third the longer, cylindrical, widest in front,

64In the second paragraph under 2, p. 15, of their key, McAtee & Malloch say :
"lateral carina? more or less distinctly produced or capitate at anterior extremities."
Under this, according to their key, come the species they treat as errabundus and
culidformis, yet in their notes under culiciformis, p. 23, they say: it is distinguished
from errabunctus "by the lateral carina of pronotum lacking the anterior process."
They place as a synonym of culiciformis the errabundus of Banks (1909, 46), which
I regard as the true errabundus, yet it has the carina? so produced, thus agreeing
with their key but not their statement under culiciformis.

524 FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIIDjE.

hind one subquadrate, convex, broader, covering the meso-
thorax ; meso- and metanota unarmed ; elytra reaching to near
apex of abdomen, their venation as in fig. 15 ; front coxae about
as long as tibiae, front trochanters unarmed ; front femora
slightly longer than tibiae and tarsus united, armed beneath
with a series of rather long spines and intervening shorter
setae and hairs, reaching from base to beyond middle ; lower
face of front tibiae with a complete series of short denticles ;
front tarsi with three distinct joints and two equal claws. Two
species are known, one occurring in our territory.

500 ( — ). Lutevopsis longimanus Champion, 1898, 166.

Pale reddish-brown to piceous, shining; elytra fuscous-hyaline, the
veins dark; connexival sutures each usually with a small pale spot;
ventrals fuscous-brown. Head three-fifths as long as broad, tapering in
front, more so behind (fig. 14), the front lobe with a short deep median
impression near base. Pronotum as above described, the front lobe
scabrous, hind one finely transversely rugose. Front legs slender, coxae
one- sixth shorter than tibiae, the latter feebly curved. Sixth dorsal of
male broad, curved upward, covering the genital segment, its tip nar-
rowly truncate. Other characters as under generic heading. Length,
9 — 10 mm.

Described from Mexico. Known in this country only by a
zpecimen in the Heidemann collection taken July 24 at Istach-
atla, Fla.

IV. Ploiaria Scopoli, 1786, 60.

Small, slender-bodied Ploiarids having the head almost as
broad across the eyes as long, suberect, declivent behind ;
pronotum distinctly longer than wide, not extending over the
mesonotum, the latter covering the mesothorax in the winged
forms, its sides usually carinate and disk not tuberculate;
meso- and metanota unarmed ; elytra, when present, reaching
to or beyond apex of abdomen, with venation as in fig. 21 ;
front coxae almost as long or longer than fore tibiae, the latter
less than half the length of femora, which are spinose from
the base; front tarsi claw-like and rigid, the joints fused into
one which is curved, compressed and sometimes almost as long
as the tibiae; front trochanters armed with setae or slender
spines.

McAfee & Malloch (1925, 48) have combined with Ploiaria
the genera Luteva Dohrn and Ploiariopsis Champ., and have
recognized 22 species. Of these four occur in the eastern

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 525

states. The P. simplicipes (Uhl.) listed by Van Duzee (1917,
235) is a species of Metapterus.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PLOIARIA.

a. Hind lobe of head armed with an acute median backward projecting
spine and two tubercles; male with joints 1 and 2 of antenna? fur-
nished with numerous long erect hairs ; pro- and mesonota sub-
equal in length. 501. hirticornis.
aa. Hind lobe of head unarmed; antenna? without long hairs.

b. Outer margin of under surface of front femora with 4 to 7 long

spines arising from conical tubercles, these with much shorter

ones intervening (fig. 16) ; general color dark brown; length,

6 — 7 mm.

c. Pro- and mesonota subequal in length, the latter without a wide

median yellow stripe; front tarsus fully two-thirds as long as

the tibia?; last ventral of male as in fig. 19. 502. Carolina.

cc. Mesonotum longer than pronotum and with wide median stripe

and lateral carina? yellowish; front tarsus less than two-thirds

as long as the tibia?; last ventral of male as in fig. 20.

503. floridana.
bb. Front femora armed beneath with numerous slender bristles of un-
equal length, the larger ones not arising from elevated bases
(fig. 17) ; general color dull yellow; length, 8 or more mm.

504. SETULIFERA.

501 (706). Ploiaria hirticornis (Banks), 1909, 44.

Elongate, slender. General color dark brown; head pale, mottled
with brown; elytra dull yellow, the smaller nervures and a few small
spots fuscous-brown ; beak and front legs yellow, annulate or dotted with
dark brown; tibia? wholly dark; antenna? and middle and hind legs dull
yellow. Head suberect, as wide across eyes as long, its declivity armed
with a small tubercle each side just behind the eyes and a larger median
spine. Pronotum subcylindrical, slightly narrower at base, its disk mi-
nutely granulated ; mesonotum with disk feebly convex, sides slightly con-
verging from base to apex. Elytra surpassing abdomen. Front legs
with coxa? longer than head ; trochanters armed with two long spines
and several bristles ; femora armed beneath on outer side with five or
six long spines arising from conical tubercles, these with much shorter
and finer spines intervening. Genital plate of male furnished with a
pair of rather stout curved claspers (fig. 18). Length, 5 — 7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 3 — April 23; two taken from beneath a
board on the site of an old house ; others beaten from dead
leaves of cabbage palmetto or sifted from roots of tufts of
grass. Southern Pines, N. Car., Nov. 20 — Dec. 14 {Gerhard) ;
Dec. 20, type (Banks) . In all the Dunedin specimens the wings
are represented by minute pads while those received from
Gerhard and Banks are fully winged. Described from Southern

526 FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIIDjE.

Pines and recorded only from there, the District of Columbia
and Louisiana. This is our only eastern species representing
the genus Ploiariopsis as founded by Champion (1898, 163) and
merged with Ploiaria by McAtee & Malloch. The Ploiaria Caro-
lina of Banks (1909, 44) nee. H.-S., was based on the female of
hirticornis.

502 (708). Ploiaria Carolina (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1853, 8.

Elongate, slender. Color above brown; hind portion of head and
pronotum with a vague median pale stripe; lateral carina? of mesonotum
pale; elytra with nervures and some small vague blotches fuscous; front
coxae dull yellow, front femora brown with a pale ring at apical third;
antennae and middle and hind legs brown, the tips of femora paler; under
surface dull yellow, the side margins and last two ventrals darker. Hind
portion of head subglobose, very smooth. Joint 2 of antennae one-fourth
shorter than 1, 3 and 4 subequal, each about one-third the length of 2.
Pronotum subcylindrical, slightly narrower in front of base, disk with a
fine median impressed line. Mesonotum oblong, its sides feebly converg-
ing from the base, disk subconvex, with a median impressed groove.
Elytra gradually slightly widening from base to the rounded tips. Front
tibia and tarsus united, equal in length to femur. Front trochanters
with two rather stout bristles of unequal length. Genital plate of male
elongate, convex, the claspers slender, tapering, curved, their tips meet-
ing (fig. 19). Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 14 — March 12; two taken by sweeping
flowers of Composite in open pine woods, a third beneath loose
bark of a pine log. Wrightsville, N. Car., April 16 (Davis).
Recorded also from Georgia and by Barber from Pablo Beach,
Fla. Described from "Carolina."

503 (— ). Ploiaria floridana (Bergroth), 1922b, 218.

Brownish-yellow, tinged with fuscous; pro- and mesonota each with
a wide median stripe and lateral carinas, yellowish; membrane grayish,
reticulate with fuscous; front and middle femora and tibiae fuscous, apical
third of femora with a pale ring, the knees of hind pair broadly whitish,
genital segment of male fuscous. Head and pronotum of equal length.
Antennae glabrous, joint 1 as long as head and pronotum united, 2 one-
half as long as 1. Pronotum slightly shorter than mesonotum, without
median impressed line. Hind margin of male genital with but one
median spine (fig. 20). Length, 6 — 7.5 mm.

Known only from Florida ; a specimen in the Uhler collection
from Crescent City.

504 ( — ). Ploiaria setulifera McAtee & Malloch, 1925, 55.
Elongate, slender. General color dull yellow; pro- and mesonota with

sides pale brown ; elytra fuscous-hyaline with a few small, widely scat-

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 527

tered fuscous blotches (fig. 21) ; under surface of abdomen in great part
fuscous-brown; front legs dull yellow, the tibia? with one, the femora
with two, faint brown rings; antennae brown, slightly paler at base.
Head as in Carolina, the tylus more prolonged in front. Joint 2 of
antennae three-fourths the length of 3, the latter subequal to 4. Pronotum
slightly longer than mesonotum, the latter with lateral carina? scarcely
evident and median impressed groove faint. Elytra slightly surpassing
abdomen. Front legs with coxa? three-fourths the length of femora, the
latter with numerous bristle-like spines which vary somewhat in length,
but not in thickness (fig. 17) ; trochanters with one or two short bristles;
tarsi reaching almost to base of femora. Length, 8 — 9 mm.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 7 — April 6. Four taken
at Dunedin by beating dead leaves of cabbage palmetto ; a dozen
from the Park by beating fallen dead leaves of royal palm and
bunches of Spanish moss in the dense hammock on Paradise
Key. In its larger size, paler color and numerous slender spines
of front femora this form differs from all our known eastern
species. Recorded also from Cape Sable, Fla.

V. Emesaya McAtee & Malloch, 1925, 74.

This name is proposed by the authors mentioned in place of
Emcsa Fabr., since E. mantis Fabr., a species with different
generic characters, was named by Laporte as the type of Emesa.
The genus Emesaya, as briefly characterized in the generic key,
comprises very elongate, slender species having the head por-
rect, longer than wide, its hind portion strongly narrowed from
the eyes backward ; eyes relatively small ; pronotum one-half
longer than mesonotum, subcylindrical, subclavate, its front
end with two blunt tubercles ; mesonotum oblong, its sides
parallel ; elytra narrow, reaching middle of abdomen, the vena-
tion as in figs. 28 and 29 ; abdomen linear, its margins reflexed ;
front legs with coxae longer than pro- and mesonota united;
femora armed beneath about the middle with a long spine, in
front of which are four or five other shorter stout ones, with
numerous very small ones intervening; front tibiae only one-
third the length of femora, the tarsi reaching the longest spine ;
middle and hind legs filiform, the hind femora surpassing tip
of abdomen ; sixth dorsal of male ending in a long apically
rounded flap which covers the last ventral (fig. 27). Nine
American species are recognized by McAtee & Malloch, five
from the United States and two from our territory. Of one of
these only the female type is known.

528

FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIID^:.

Plate VI. Structures of Emesaya, Metapterus and Ghilianella.
Fig. 23, Side view of head and beak of Metapterus, Fig. 24, Same as Ghilianella.
i 25, Section of front tarsus of Ghilianella showing armature. Fig. 26, Apex of

abdomi n of Emesaya lineata, from above. Fig. 27, Side view of apex of abdomen of E.
brevipennis. Figs. 28, 29 and 30, Elytron, inner wing and apex of female abdomen of
same species. Fig, 31, Elytron of Metapterus fraternus. Fig. 32, Fore leg of .1/. uhleri.
Pig. 33, Fore tibia and tarsus of .1/. annulipes. Figs. 34, 35 and 36, Genital hook of
male from behind, apex of male abdomen from side and genital clasper of Metapterus
annulipes. Figs. 37, 3S and 39, Apex of male abdomen from side, last dorsal of fe-
rn;.!' mm above and egg of M. fraternus. Figs. In, 41 and 42, Apex of male abdomen
from side, genital hook and tips of claspers of male from behind and last dorsal of
female from above of M. uhleri. Figs. 43, 44 and 45, Genital plate of male from
behind, genital hook of male from side and last dorsal of female from above of
flf. nenlectus. (After McAtee & Malloch, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., Vol. 67, Art. 1).

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS.

529

KEY TO FEMALES OP EASTERN SPECIES OF EMESAYA.65

a. Hind margin of eighth tergite between the processes decidedly con-
cave, the emargination broadly U-shaped; seventh and eighth
tergites with a median longitudinal bare and slightly elevated line
(fig. 26) ; side of eighth tergite subangulate posteriorly.

505. LINEATA.

act. Hind margin of eighth tergite between the processes nearly straight,

the emargination nearly rectangular; seventh and eighth tergites

lacking such a line; side of eighth tergite not at all angulate

posteriorly (fig. 30). 506. brevipennis.

505 ( — ). Emesaya lineata McAtee & Malloch, 1925, 81.

"Female. — Knees of posterior two pairs of legs pale, the middle legs
with, the hind legs without, a faint subbasal pale annulus on femur; legs
in general pale, head and body dark reddish-brown. Apex of abdomen
as in figure 26. Length, 31 mm."

The above is the brief original description of this form. The
unique female type, from Crescent City, Fla., is in the U. S.
National Museum.

Fig. 127

(After Lugger) .

506 (709). Emesaya brevipennis (Say), 1828, 105; I, 106.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Dark brown, in fresh specimens thickly
clothed with a very fine silvery pubescence; mesonotum and elytra dull
brownish-yellow, sometimes dark fuscous-brown with only the margins of
the former pale ; basal third of abdomen often red ; antennae brown, the
tip of basal joint pale; front legs with base of coxa? and knees pale;
middle and hind femora brown, with knees and a broad ring at apical
third pale; the tibiae brown with pale ring at basal fourth, sometimes
pale with brown ring at same place. Antennae filiform, joints 1 and 2
subequal, 3 and 4 also subequal, less than one-sixth as long. Beak reach-
ing onto prosternum, its third joint slender, acute, longer than the
others united. Length, 33 — 37 mm. (Fig. 127, and PL IV, fig. 1).

Frequent throughout Indiana, July 5 — Oct. 25. Dunedin,

'"•From McAtee & Malloch. 1925, 76.

530 FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIID^E.

Sarasota and R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 11 — April 18. Recorded
from numerous other places in Florida and probably occurs
throughout that State. About Dunedin the nymphs are com-
mon in winter on or beneath the dead leaves of cabbage pal-
metto. In Indiana it occurs especially on ceilings and rafters
of porches, outhouses, attics, barns and other old buildings.
Two were once taken from corners in the leather top of an
open surrey. It is usually gregarious where found, and I at one
time took it in numbers from Crataegus in August. Its known
range extends from Canada and New England west to Iowa
and southwest to Florida, Texas, Mexico and Central America.
It was first described by De Geer 1 1773, 352) as Cimex longipes
and most of the records in this country have been under the
name Emesa longipes (DeG.). His name was, however, pre-
occupied. This is by far our most common Ploiarid and much
has been written of its habits. Say in the notes accompanying
his original description says :

"The anterior pair of feet may be compared to those of Mantis and
Empusa. They are much shorter than the others and are used almost
altogether for the purpose of seizing and conveying the prey to their
mouth, whilst the two posterior pair support the body and move it from
place to place. Their movements are rather slow and unsteady, moving
up and down upon their legs as they proceed forwai"d in the manner of
the crane-fly (Tipida). They feed on small insects.'

Uhler (1876, 333; 1878, 429, and 1884, 276) says:

"Older specimens are often suffused with red, a kind of ripening
toward the autumn, which we have observed to be common in Euschistus,
Coreus, etc. The distinctness of the white bands upon the legs depends
upon individual peculiarities, such as maturity and rank feeding. The
obese females full of maturing eggs are common late in summer, present
a very gross appearance and seem very different from the clearly colored
virgin types found earlier in the season. When lodged on the twig of a
tree or bush it has a curious habit of swinging back and forth like some
of the long legged spiders, such as Phalangium. In Maryland its prin-
cipal home is in the young pine trees where it may be seen with its two
fore legs placed close together and stretched out in front as is the habit
of our common Phasmid, the Diapheromera femorata. Occasionally it
leaves the trees and takes shelter in sheds, outhouses and barns, where
it may be seen overhead swinging by its long legs from a rafter or the
lining of a roof. The nymphs may be found roaming over trees during
early summer, but by the middle of August they acquire wings and
become fully developed adults."

Banks (1909, 48) says : ''There is but one generation a year.

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 531

It flies at twilight;" and Smith (1910, 153) mentions it as
occurring in New Jersey "on bushes at the edges of fields and
about barns and is said to prey on spiders." Wickham (1909;
1910) has given interesting and full accounts of its feeding
and mating habits.

McAtee & Malloch (1925, 78) recognize three subspecies
of brevipennis, two from our territory. Their key separating
these is as follows :

KEY TO EASTERN SUBSPECIES OF EMESAYA BREVIPEXXIS.

a. Pale annuli on mid and hind legs tending to obsolescence, especially

in males, often the knees only pale. 506a. australis.

aa. Full complement of pale leg-markings usually evident in both sexes.

506. BREVIPENNIS.

506a ( — ). Emesaya brevipennis australis McAtee & Malloch, 1925,
79.
General color paler than in typical brevij)ennis, the mesonotum,
elytra and front femora usually grayish-white ; middle and hind legs pale
to dark brown with only the knees broadly pale in male ; the femora with
a vague reddish ring at apical third in female.

Dunedin, Lake Wales, Istokpoga and Utopia, Fla., Feb. 23 —
April 18. Recorded in our territory from Spring Creek and
Bainbridge, Ga., and Gainesville, Fla. Ranges south to Cen-
tral America and Panama. Of this form its authors (loc. cit.)
say:

"From the Gulf States southward to Panama occurs what seems
to be a geographical race characterized by a strong tendency, which is
almost universal among the males, to lack all pale leg markings except
at knees. We have not been able to correlate this character with any
structural differences, whether of genitalia or otherwise, although it is
noticeable that in this form the processes of the eighth tergite often are
shorter than in northern specimens."

VI. Metapterus Costa, 1860, 10.

Slender bodied species of medium size having the head longer
than wide, suberect, declivent behind; eyes small; beak as in
fig. 23 ; pronotum subcylindrical, longer than the mesonotum,
the latter, in winged form, with sides sinuate and disk more
or less carinate ; scutellum very small, unarmed ; elytra of
adults often absent, when present narrow, their sides parallel,
tips narrowly rounded, reaching apical fourth of abdomen;
front legs with coxae usually shorter than head and pronotum
united ; femora with first spine long and stout, in our eastern

532 FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIID^.

species usually placed about the basal third, this followed in
front by numerous shorter ones, very irregular in length (fig.
32) ; tibiae and tarsi subequal in length, united about half the
length of femora (fig. 33) ; middle and hind legs filiform, their
femora not or but slightly passing tip of abdomen. Male with
last dorsal projected backward in the form of an elongate-oval
shield to cover wholly or in great part the genital segment
(figs. 35 and 40).

The members of this genus are hygrophilous or semi-aquatic,
occurring mostly beneath cover in low moist places, or occasion-
ally even on the surface of water. Our species have heretofore
been recorded under the genus Barce Stal (1865, 162) . McAfee
& Malloch have replaced this name with Metapterus, the genus
Barcc not being represented in America. Only seven American
species of Metapterus are known, five from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF METAPTERUS.

a. Front femora distinctly stouter than front coxa? and either annulate

or spotted with dark and pale; under surface of head with a

yellowish stripe; color not a nearly uniform opaque black.

b. Under surface of head with a pale yellowish stripe which is not

narrower than interocular space and not interrupted by a dark

spot on each side behind eye; upper margin of genital plate of

male with a subquadrate, slightly emarginate backward curved

process (fig. 34) and without an erect spine within the upper

border.

c. Middle and hind femora each annulated with several brown rings ;

median carina of mesonotum vaguely defined ; seventh dorsal of
male abdomen with apex obtusely rounded, not projecting be-
yond the apex of genital (fig. 35). 507. ANNULIPES.
cc. Middle and hind femora each with but a single preapical dark
ring; median carina of mesonotum distinct; seventh dorsal of
male with apex more acutely rounded, projecting more or less
beyond the apex of genital (fig. 37). 508. fraternus.
66. Under surface of head with a pale yellowish stripe which is nar-
rower than interocular space, or is interrupted by a distinct dark
spot each side behind eye; upper margin of genital plate of male
not produced backward at apex, and with a long spine within its
upper border (figs. 41 and 43).

d. General color dark fuscous-brown; surface rugulae of abdomen,

both above and below, reticulated; apical spine of genital plate
of male distinctly curved backward at tip (fig. 40).

509. UHLERI.

dd. General color straw-yellow; surface rugulae of abdomen chiefly

longitudinal, not reticulated; apical spine of genital plate

straight or almost so (fig. 44). 510. neglectus.

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 533

aa. Front femora but little if any stouter than apical half of front coxae,
not annulated or spotted with paler; under surface of head fus-
cous-brown; color a nearly uniform opaque black.

511. UMBROSUS.

507 (713). Metapterus annulipes (Stal), 1866, 168.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dull brownish-yellow to reddish-
brown; head with a very narrow median and two lateral stripes yellow;
pronotum with a similar median stripe, this often slightly widened in
front of middle, and sometimes including a reddish median line; front
femora maculate beneath with brown and yellow; tibiae brown with basal
and median pale rings. Elytra usually or always (?) wanting. Last
dorsal of female with median notch narrower than in fraternus. Length,
11 — 14 mm.

Marion, Putnam and Vigo counties, Ind., Aug. 31 — Dec. 23.
Dunedin, R. P. Park and Kissimmee, Fla., Jan. 1 — April 1
(IV. S. B.). Vienna, Va., Aug. 9 (Barber). In Indiana it occurs
mainly beneath loose bark and on foliage of shrubs and hiber-
nates beneath logs and old rails, especially along borders of
low cultivated fields. One pair was taken in coitu as late as
Nov. 20. About Dunedin it has been taken sparingly beneath
boards and by sifting along the borders of ponds. Not before
recorded from that State. Ranges from Quebec and New Eng-
land west to Wisconsin and Winnipeg, Manitoba, and southwest
to Florida and Louisiana, but nowhere common. All specimens
at hand are wingless.

508 (715). Metapterus fraternus (Say), 1832, 33; I, 358.

Form of annulipes. Above dull clay-yellow; carinas of mesonotum
and veins of elytra pale yellow; head with two narrow brown stripes;
under surface fuscous-brown, the middle of abdomen paler; disk of elytra
with numerous small fuscous spots ; connexivals and side margins of
ventrals each with a small pale spot; tips of beak and of longest spine
of front femora brown. Antennas filiform, joint 2 three-fourths the
length of 1, 3 much the shortest, about one-fourth the length of 4, the
latter one-half as long as 2. Mesonotum in winged form oblong; three-
fourths the length of pronotum, the disk with traces of five carinas, the
median one the most distinct, the intervals between them closely and
deeply reticulate-punctate. Female with median notch of last dorsal
broader and more shallow than in annulipes (fig. 38). Length, 13 — 15 mm.

Dunedin and Sarasota, Fla., Dec. 15 — March 20 (W.S.B.).
Southern Pines, N. Car. (Davis) . Occurs beneath cover both in
cultivated grounds and along the margins of ponds, hibernat-
ing in bunches of Spanish moss. Recorded elsewhere in Florida
only from Daytona and Lake Worth. Six of the ten specimens

534 FAMILY XVIII. — PLOIARIID^E.

at hand are winged. The known range of fraternus extends
from New England west to Kansas and Oklahoma and south-
west to Florida, Louisiana and Texas. It has not been taken,
but should occur in southern Indiana. The hind tibiae have
three pale rings on basal half, instead of one as stated by
Banks in his key (1909, 47). He mentions it as occurring
"commonly at Falls Church, Va., at the base of tufts of grass
in moist fields in October and November."

As pointed out by Banks (loc. cit.) the Ploiaria simplicipes Say
Ms., described by Uhler (1878, 430) is probably a nymph of
this species. The description of Uhler agrees in all particulars,
both in color and structure, with a small wingless M. fraternus
and not at all with the genus Ploiaria under which it is cata-
logued by Van Duzee.

509 (714). Metapterus uhleri (Banks), 1909, 47.

Elongate, slender. Dark sooty brown or fuscous-black; head, anten-
na? and legs paler; connexivals of female usually with a small yellow spot
on each incisure; membrane of elytra, when present, dull gray and with
numerous fuscous granules ; upper surface of front femora and tibiae
with a few small paler spots. Pronotum one-third longer than meso-
notum, slightly widened in front. Mesonotum with five very fine carina?,
each slightly projected backward from the disk as a cusp. Metanotum
with two similar cusps or short prostrate spines. Apex of last dorsal of
female entire (fig. 42). Length, 7 — 10 mm.

Pine, Lake Co., Ind., May 7 ; Southern Pines, N. Car., Nov.
20 — Dec. 14 (Gerhard). Cold Springs, N. J., and Wrightsville,
N. Car., April (Davis). Its known range extends from Mas-
sachusetts west to South Dakota and Oxbow, Saskatchewan,
and south to Virginia and North Carolina. Its habits are un-
recorded except that it was taken in New York under stones.
Six of the seven specimens at hand are wingless ; in the other
one the elytra extend only to base of fifth dorsal.

510 ( — ). Metapterus neglectus McAtee & Malloch, 1925, 87.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. General color dull straw-yellow,
head with a vague pale line each side; front femora with four brown
spots each side, the basal one elongate; front tibia? with two brown
rings; middle and hind femora with apical halves pale reddish-brown,
the former with apex, the latter with two rings and apex pale yellow;
middle and hind tibia? each with three brown rings on basal third ; dorsum
of abdomen with a narrow reddish line in the groove each side of median
ridge, the apical third of each connexival narrowly fuscous-brown.
Front legs rather short and stout, their coxa? slightly shorter than head
and pronotum united; front femora distinctly stouter and one-fourth

THE THREAD-LEGGED BUGS. 535

longer than coxae. Apex of last dorsal of female with a short acute
median notch (fig. 45). Length, 11 — 12 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., May 13, type (Denis) ; taken from beneath
a pile of bricks. Known from Massachusetts, New York and
New Jersey.

511 ( — ). Metapterus umbrosus sp. nov.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Black, opaque; head, both above
and below dark reddish-brown, heavily tinged with fuscous; antennae dark
brown; beak and front tibiae dark brownish-yellow, front tarsi and spines
of femora paler; all legs dark fuscous-brown without annuli or pale
spots. Front legs relatively very long and slender, their coxae slightly
longer than head and pronotum united, distinctly thickened from base
to apex; front femora one-third longer than coxae and but little if any
stouter than apical half of latter, their basal spine at basal two-fifths of
under surface, or distinctly farther forward than in our other eastern
species; front tarsi about two-thirds the length of tibiae, the latter only
one-third the length of femora. Seventh dorsal of male with apex obtuse-
ly rounded, projecting beyond the apex of genital, the latter with an
erect spine between the tips of claspers. Length, 15 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Fla., Dec. 7 ; one apterous male beaten
from fallen dead leaves of royal palm in the dense hammock
on Paradise Key.

VII. Ghilianella Spinola, 1852, 142.

Very elongate, slender wingless species having the head
long, cylindrical, porrect, its posterior portion the longer, nar-
rowed behind, its front one with a slender, more or less de-
curved spine arising from the tip of tylus between the bases of
antennas (fig. 24) ; eyes small; pronotum slightly longer than
either meso- or metanotum, these subequal and tricarinate, the
front half of mesonotum more or less narrowed and prolonged
forward ; abdomen linear, keeled below, usually wider in the
female, in males sometimes abruptly inflated at or slightly be-
fore apex ; middle and hind legs very slender, longer than body ;
front legs with coxae longer than pronotum, femora armed be-
neath with one long spine near middle, followed toward apex
by numerous unequal shorter ones. About 40 species have
been described, mostly from tropical America. Of these one
occurs in Florida.

512 (711). Ghilianella productilis Barber, 1914, 502.

Linear. Grayish-brown, darker posteriorly and below, thickly
clothed with short and fine yellowish pubescence ; legs and carina? of
meso- and metanotum straw-yellow; apical half of front coxae, under sur-

536

FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^.

face of front femora, tarsi and a stripe on sides extending from beak to
base of pronotum, fuscous; middle of hind lobe of head and middle of
pronotum each with a pair of small black dots; ventrals 3 — 6 each also
with a pair of black dots. Head and pronotum thickly minutely granu-
late. Antennas very slender, joint 1 yellow, vaguely annulate with red-
dish-brown, reaching middle of metanotum; 2 pale yellow, more slender
and one-fifth shorter than 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky, much shorter. Hind mar-
gin of metanotum broadly and deeply U-shaped to receive the base of
abdomen. Front femora about as long as pro- and mesonotum united,
their spines pale, black tipped; front tibiae and tarsi subequal in length,
each armed beneath with two rows of short denticles, the tibiae also
with numerous fine setae. Male with last dorsal ending in an acute up-
curved process or flap which covers the genital plate beneath, the latter
somewhat compressed and subcarinate. Length, 23 — 25 mm.

Marco, Fla., April 19, male type (Doris). Cape Sable, Fla.,
April 5, one female from base of dense tufts of grass growing
on the beach (W.S.B.). Known elsewhere only from Big
Pine Key, Fla., and Vict, de las Tunas, Cuba.

Family XIX. REDUVIID^E Latreille, 1807, 126.

The Assassin Bugs

Heteroptera varying much in size, form and general facies,
but all stouter bodied than the Ploiariidse and having the head
bilobed by a transverse groove between the eyes ; ocelli present

(except in the first two sub-
families) ; beak stout, rigid, 3-
jointed (fig. 128) , usually
curved in the form of a semi-
loop beneath the head, its tip
resting in the stridulatory
groove of presternum ; antennae
slender, usually 4-jointed ; pro-
notum with a more or less dis-
tinct transverse impression, the
front portion narrower than the
hind one ; scutellum small, tri-
elytra usually entire
the abdomen;

membrane with several anastomosing main veins and usually
numerous much smaller ones ; front legs more or less raptorial,
their tibiae shorter than head, their femora not much stouter
than those of middle and hind legs, both femora and tibiae often
thickly clothed on the under-side with stiff bristles, rarely

Fig. 128. Side view of beak of Redu
mis personatus (L.), the setae removed angular
from the sheath. (Alter Lugger).

and covering

THE ASSASSIN BUGS. 537

armed with spines; tarsi 3-jointed (1-jointed in Carthasinag) ,
their claws terminal; osteola obscure or wanting.

The family is one of the largest and most important of the
Heteroptera, more than 2,000 species being known, most of
them tropical in distribution, fewer than 100 occurring in the
United States. For the most part our species are beneficial,
the majority of them living on the foliage of herbs and shrubs,
where they lie concealed and wait for their prey, in the form
of small plant-feeding insects, to come within striking distance.
A few of the larger forms, when picked up incautiously, often
insert their beak quickly and deeply into a finger, causing a
deep puncture acompanied by a sharp stinging sensation not
unlike that produced by a hornet. This results in numbness
and soreness which sometimes lasts for several days. The
North American species are distributed among nine subfam-
ilies, all of which are represented in our territory. The prin-
cipal literature pertaining to them is by Stal, 1872, 1874 ;
Uhler, 1884; Champion, 1898; Caudell, 1901; Fracker, 1913;
Neiva, 1914; Del Ponte, 1920; Bueno, 1923.

KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SUBFAMILIES OF REDUVIILVE.66

a. Ocelli absent; elytra always present and entire; length less than
9 mm.

b. Anteocular part of head subcylindrical, twice as long as inter-

ocular width; tarsi 1-jointed. Subfamily I. Carthasin^e, p. 538.
bb. Anteocular part of head obtusely triangular, not longer than inter-
ocular width; tarsi 3-jointed. Subfamily II. Saicin^e, p. 539.
aa. Ocelli present; elytra sometimes very short; length, 10 or more mm.

c. Elytra without a quadrangular or discoidal cell at outer basal angle

of the membrane; front, and usually the middle, tibiae ending in
an oval or oblong lobe or plate which is concave and more or less
spongy beneath.
d. Ocelli placed behind an imaginary transverse line connecting the
hind margin of the eyes; second joint of antenna? simple.
e. Apex of scutellum narrow, without spines, or prolonged backward
as a single spine; antennae 4-jointed.
/. Thorax constricted at or in front of middle; front coxae terete,
their outer side convex. Subfamily IV. Reduviin>e, p. 552.
//. Thorax constricted behind the middle; front coxae with outer
side fiat or concave. Subfamily V. Pirating, p. 556.

ee. Apex of scutellum broad, emarginate, armed with two spines;
antennae apparently 8-jointed.

Subfamily VI. Ectrichodiin^e, p. 561.

'•'■The sequence of the subfamilies in this key is not the same as followed in
the text, the Stenopodinre there being placed next to the Saieina?, to which they are
most closely allied.

538 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIHLE.

dd. Ocelli placed in front of a transverse line connecting the hind

margins of the eyes; second joint of antennae composed of many

small segments united. Subfamily VII. Hammacerin^e, p. 562.

cc. Elytra with a quadrangular or discoidal cell at the base of the

membrane; front and middle tibiae without a terminal plate.

g. Ocelli farther apart than are the eyes; apical halves of front and

middle tibiae swollen and grooved to receive the retractile tarsi ;

form oval, robust, the sides of abdomen curved.

Subfamily VIII. Apiomerin^e, p. 564.

gg. Ocelli not as far apart as are the eyes; apical halves of front and

middle tibiae not swollen or grooved ; form slender, ovoidal or

oblong, the sides usually subparallel.

h. Front lobe of head longer than hind one; anal area of membrane

not extending as far forward as does the costal cell; basal

joint of antennae thickened, and in repose porrect, the other

joints usually very slender, folding back beneath it and the

head. Subfamily III. Stenopodin^e, p. 542.

hh. Front lobe of head (except in Rhynocoris) not longer than hind

one; anal area of membrane extending farther forward than

does the costal cell; basal joint of antennae slender, rarely if

ever porrect. Subfamily IX. Zelin^e, p. 566.

Subfamily I. CARTHASIN^ subfam. nov.

Small slender spindle-shaped species having the front lobe
of head subcylindrical, much prolonged in front of eyes, hind
lobe oblong, its sides subparallel; ocelli wanting; pronotum
unarmed, its front lobe subcylindrical, much longer than wide ;
front coxae nearly one-half the length of femora ; tibise all end-
ing in a short lobe at apex which is spongy beneath ; tarsi 1-
jointed, the claws simple, divergent.

This subfamily is founded to receive the genus Carthasis
Champ. (1900, 305) and its synonym, Orthometrops Uhl. (1901,
508). Champion placed his genus in the family Nabidse, from
which it differs widely in its form of body, lack of ocelli, pres-
ence of a transverse groove between the eyes, short stout
curved beak, form of pronotum, long front coxse and 1-jointed
tarsi. Its beak, which is 3-jointed, not 4-jointed as stated by
Champion, the form of body and the interocular groove are
Reduviid-like in character, while the lack of ocelli, long front
coxae and 1-jointed tarsi ally it with the Ploiariidae. It is, in
my opinion, a sort of connecting link between these two fam-
ilies and Uhler was much nearer right when he placed his
Orthometrops in the Saicida (subfamily Saicinae of the Reduvii-
dae) than was Champion in referring his genus to the Nabidae.
In this placement Uhler was followed by Fracker (1913, 225).

SUBFAMILY I. — CARTHASIN^E. 539

From the Saicinae it differs in characters of subfamily impor-
tance, as shown in the key and above. The subfamily is repre-
sented by one genus containing five described species, four
occurring in tropical America and the West Indies, the other
in our territory.

I. Carthasis Champion, 1900, 305.

In addition to the characters above given the members of
this genus have the eyes rounded, prominent, coarsely granu-
lated ; beak 3-jointed, its base inserted between the tips of the
prolonged cheeks, joint 1 as long as 2 and 3 united ; antenna?
4-jointed, inserted on the tips of the short cylindrical anten-
niferous tubercles, joints 1 and 2 stouter than the others, sub-
equal in length, 3 slightly shorter than 2, 4 one-half or more
longer than 3 ; pronotum strongly constricted behind the mid-
dle, front lobe subcylindrical, its apex somewhat flaring, hind
lobe wider than long, its base truncate ; scutellum triangular,
its tip acute ; elytra constricted opposite apex of scutellum then
widened and slightly surpassing abdomen, their tips broadly
rounded ; front legs raptorial, the femora feebly swollen, armed
beneath with a single row of numerous short spines and three
or four longer setae.

513 (835). Carthasis decoratus (Uhler), 1901, 509.

Elongate, slender, strongly constricted at middle. Pale yellow or
greenish-yellow; head, base of hind lobe of pronotum, scutellum, clavus,
a transverse bar across middle of elytra and the apex of corium, roseate-
or crimson-red ; elytra with a faint fuscous cross-bar behind the scutel-
lum; membrane hyaline, dusky near base; antennae yellow, the terminal
joints fuscous; legs and under surface pale yellow. Disk of pronotum
very finely rugose, the humeral angles feebly nodulose above. Corium
long and narrow, reaching beyond middle of membrane. Connexivum of
female narrowly exposed behind the middle. Under side of head and
basal joint of beak beset with several long slender setae. Front tibiae
one-third shorter than femora, armed beneath with numerous very slender
spines. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Jan. 3 — April 7. Occurs only
on shrubs and low undergrowth in dense hammocks. Recorded
heretofore from Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl-
vania and Mississippi.

Subfamily II. SAICINAE Amyot & Serville, 1843, 371.

Small, elongate slender species having the front portion of
head very short, hind portion subglobose and swollen ; antennae

540 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

slender, pubescent, the second joint shorter than first; prono-
tum with front lobe longer than hind one and with a deep
median groove ; elytra without a discoidal cell in front of basal
angle of membrane ; front coxae usually more or less elongate ;
all the femora more or less setose. Two genera are represented
in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SAIOIX.E.

a. Pronotum unarmed; apex of scutellum ending in a long horizontal
spine; basal joint of tarsi shorter than third, not longer than
second. I. Oncerotrachelus.

<Ki. Hind lobe of pronotum armed with two long, acute, suberect, out-
ward-projecting spines; scutellum with two inclined or suberect
spines; basal joint of all tarsi longest. II. Saica.

I. Oncerotrachelus Stal, 1868, 130.

Rather short slender species having the head porrect ; eyes
large, coarsely granulated; first joint of beak stout, extending
behind the eyes, longer than the others united, setose beneath ;
pronotum as long as its greatest width, its front lobe with a
subglobose convexity each side of the median impressed line ;
front coxae three or four times as long as thick ; front femora
and tibiae straight, unarmed ; middle and hind legs relatively
short. Two species are known, one from Grenada, the other
from our territory.

514 (717). Oncerotrachelus acuminatus (Say), 1832, 32; I, 356.

Elongate-oblong, widest behind the middle of
abdomen. Dull reddish-brown, the elytra in great
part, scutellum and middle of hind lobe of pronotum
fuscous-brown; antenna? tinged with fuscous, the basal
joint paler; sides of under surface fuscous-brown.
Body above, antennae and legs thickly clothed with fine
erect hairs, the joints of antenna? gradually decreas-
ing in length and thickness from the base. Pronotum
smooth, its hind lobe with humeral angles convex, the
impressed line of front lobe terminating in a fovea
on middle of hind one. Scutellum tricarinate, the
carina? merging to form the long terminal spine.
Elytra gradually widening behind the middle, their
tips broadlv rounded, reaching or slightlv surpass-

Jvjg L29 I^t^Ill'lIf?

x 6. ing tip of abdomen. Length, 5.5 — 6.5 mm. (Fig.

(After Champion), ioq\

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the southern coun-
ties, occurring throughout the year. Sanford, Bassenger, R.
P. Park and Dunedin, Fla., November — April. Borden Springs,

SUBFAMILY II. — SAICIN^E. 541

Ala., August (W.S.B.). Blantyre, N. Car. (Brimley). It is
often attracted to light, but occurs mainly beneath cover in
moist places ; in Indiana hibernating in colonies beneath logs
and other cover, as many as 50 having been so found at one
time. In Florida it has been sifted from tufts of grass in sandy
roads and from weed debris along the margins of ponds. It has
been recorded only from Charlotte Harbor, Ormond and St.
Augustine, but doubtless occurs throughout that State. Its
known range extends from New England west to Minnesota
and south and southwest to Florida and Texas. Uhler (1884,
279) says that: "Numerous individuals may sometimes be
found among rubbish and weeds in low grounds or on the edges
of stubble, during late summer and autumn. When pursued
they often set the basal joint of the antennae back and erect
the following one as if in the act of listening."

II. Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843, 371.

Elongate narrow species, having the eyes large, moderately
coarsely granulated; first joint of beak scarcely reaching the
eyes, second longer than 1 and 3 united ; scutellum divided, the
front portion short, obtuse, rounded behind, the posterior por-
tion longer, acute, each armed with a spine ; front femora and
tibiae strongly curved, unarmed, both they and the femora with
numerous close-set rather long setose hairs on the lower or
inner sides; these sometimes adhering to resemble spines and
often exuding a viscid substance to aid in the capture of small
insects. Seven species are known from tropical America and
two from Florida. Of these one is so far known only from
five nymphs in the fourth instar and is not therefore treated
in this work.

515 (718). Saica fusco-vittata Barber, 1914, 504.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Dull straw-yellow; upper surface
with a vague, median, ill-defined, dusky stripe extending from vertex to
tips of elytra; sides of body with similar but narrower stripes, reaching
from eyes back to tip of abdomen; corium with some of the larger ner-
vures tinged with crimson; legs dull yellow, the femora with a sub-
apical, the tibiae with a sub-basal, brownish ring. Joint 1 of antennae
slightly longer than head and pronotum united, stouter than the others,
2 slightly less than one-third the length of 1, 4 about one-half the length
of 3, all finely pubescent. Pronotum glabrous, shining; front lobe nar-
rower and slightly longer than hind one, its disk with a wide median
groove; hind lobe declivent and armed each side in front of humeral
angle with a slender acute spine which is nearly as long as the head.

542 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIIDjE.

Scutellum with front spine slightly curved, suberect, nearly as long as
those of pronotum, hind one much shorter, slightly upcurved. Elytra
reaching tip of abdomen, gradually but feebly widened from base to the
broadly rounded apex; nervures of corium elevated, prominent, forming
only two completely closed discal cells. Front legs shorter and stouter
than the others, their femora armed beneath with numerous short, rather
stout setae; tibiae of male curved, swollen at apex and beset beneath and
within with similar setae. Length, 8.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 22, two nymphs in the fourth instar,
beaten from the dead leaves of cabbage palmetto. Everglade,
Fla., April (Doris). Known only from the two localities men-
tioned.

Subfamily III. STENOPODIN7E Amyot & Serville, 1843, 386.

Slender bodied subparallel species having both head and
basal joint of antennae porrect, the former with front lobe but
little narrower than hind one ; ocelli placed close together near
front or middle of hind lobe; pronotum longer than wide, its
transverse constriction scarcely evident; scutellum small, its
apex usually ending in a short obtuse horizontal spine; elytra
entire, the discoidal cell in front of membrane large, variable in
form ; connexivum narrowly or not at all exposed ; front and
middle legs short, the former feebly raptorial, their tibiae with-
out a terminal spongy fossa; hind legs longer, more slender;
ventrals 2 — 4 placed diagonally, their sutures angulate or
curved. About a dozen genera are known, seven of which are
represented in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF STENOPODIN.E.

a. Head with one or more branched or bifid spines or processes on each

side below and behind the eyes.

b. Joint 1 of antennae with apex produced forward as a blunt spine

beyond the base of joint 2; front femora armed beneath on each

side with prominent spines. I. Pnirontis, p. 543.

bb. Joint 1 of antennae not spined at apex.

c. Front femora unarmed; joint 1 of beak nearly twice as long as
the others united; apex of head at base of beak unarmed.

II. Pygolampis, p. 545.

cc. Front femora armed beneath with two rows of short spines; joint

1 of beak subequal in length to 2 and 3 united; apex of head

armed with a short porrect obtuse spine on each side at base

of beak. III. Gnathobleda, p. 547.

iki. Head without branched spines or processes behind and below the

eyes, rarely with small simple ones.

SUBFAMILY III. — STENOPODIN^E. 543

d. Ocelli not or only slightly elevated; hind portion of head not
strongly narrowed into a slender neck; hind femora much sur-
passing apex of abdomen. IV. Stenopoda, p. 548.
dd. Ocelli located on a small protuberance or tubercle above the gen-
eral level of the head; hind portion of head strongly narrowed
into a neck; hind femora not at all or but slightly passing tip of
abdomen.
e. Joint 1 of beak slightly longer than joints 2 and 3 united; front
femora armed beneath. V. Schumannia, p. 549.
ee. Joint 1 of beak not longer than joint 2.

/. Front femora thickened, armed beneath with very short spines;
joint 1 of beak much shorter than joint 2; hind femora not or
just reaching tip of abdomen. VI. Oncocephalus, p. 550.

//. Front femora but little thickened, unarmed beneath; joints 1 and
2 of beak subequal in length ; hind femora slightly surpassing
abdomen. VII. Narvesus, p. 551.

I. Pnirontis Stal, 1859b, 381.

Elongate slender species having the antennae inserted above
the cheeks in the ends of the prominent antennif erous tubercles,
the tylus usually represented by a pair of short tapering spines
between the tubercles; joints 2 — 4 of antennae very slender, in
repose folded back and with the beak received in a groove
beneath the head ; hind lobe of head not constricted into a neck,
its disk with a longitudinal median groove ; ocelli small, not
elevated ; pronotum with transverse constriction feeble, the
sides converging from the base and ending in front in two
spines, the lower one the longer; front tibiae more or less
curved, shorter than femora and armed with several spines;
hind femora but little surpassing middle of abdomen. Male
with last dorsal of abdomen usually deeply cleft, the lobes more
or less divergent, their tips usually rounded. Other characters
as in key. About a dozen species are known, four of which
occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PXIROXTIS.

a. Front tibiae armed on inner edge only with three or four spines.
b. Basal joint of antennae unarmed beneath; incisures of connexivals
without dark spots ; cheeks much surpassing antennif erous tuber-
cles. 516. LANGUIDA.

bb. Basal joint of antennae armed beneath; apical angles of incisures
of connexivals both above and beneath with a small black spot;
cheeks but slightly surpassing antenniferous tubercles.

517. INFIRMA.

aa. Front tibiae armed on both inner and outer edges, the outer edge with
a stout spur and two shorter spines behind it.

544

FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

W° / //

c. Antenniferous tubercles nearly as long as basal antennal and with
two slender cylindrical processes between them; front tibiae of
male but slightly curved. 518. modesta.

cc. Antenniferous tubercles less than one-fourth the length of basal
antennal with a single short obtuse spine between them ; front
tibia? of male strongly curved. 519. brimleyi.

516 (719). Pnirontis languida Stal, 1859b, 381.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Color a nearly uniform pale straw-
yellow; head sometimes in great part fuscous; membrane and cells of

corium whitish-hyaline, often
tinged with reddish. Basal
joint of antennas longer than
\ front lobe of head, the latter
beset with minute spicules.
Pronotum gradually widened
V toward base, its hind portion
subdepressed and with a me-
dian and two lateral shallow
grooves, the median one the
wider, narrowed in front and
extending to apical fourth of
disk. Elytra not reaching
apex of abdomen. Last dor-
sal of male transversely
wrinkled, its apex deeply and
widely cleft, the tips of its

a lux of female abdomen from above. Fig. 131. lobes subacute. Length, 13 —
t. languida Stal, male X 4. (After Champion). , . ,„. -,o-i\

14 mm. (Fig. 131).

Brownsville, Tex., Aug. 15 (Barber). Santiago de las Vegas,
Cuba, Oct. 15 (Fracker). Recorded from St. Augustine, Ft.
Myers and St. Petersburg, Fla. Ranges from South Carolina
southwest to Texas and the West Indies. Recorded also from
Brazil.

517 (720). Pnirontis infirma Stal, 1859b, 382.

Elongate, slender. Dull straw-yellow; apical joints of antenna?
tinged with fuscous; connexivals with apical angles blackish; coxa? brown;
basal joint of antenna? as long as front lobe of head, armed beneath with
two rows of short spines. Disk of pronotum with a nearly entire median
groove, its margins somewhat elevated. Elytra reaching last dorsal.
Length, 10—12 mm. (Fig. 130).

Ft. Myers, Fla., March 31; taken at light (Dazns) . Mobile,
Ala., Sept. 8 (Gerhard). Its known range extends from New
Jersey west to Illinois and southwest to Florida, Texas, Cuba
and northern Brazil. Not as yet taken, but should occur in
southern Indiana. Barber lists it also from LaBelle and Ever-

SUBFAMILY III. — STENOPODINiE. 545

glade and Bueno from St. Petersburg, Fla. Nothing regard-
ing its habits has been recorded.

518 (721). Pnirontis modesta Banks, 1910a, 324.

Elongate, slender. Dull straw-yellow; apical angles of connexivals
each with a very small dark spot; abdomen and median line of pronotum
often faintly tinged with fuscous; femoral and tibial spines with a brown
bar. Basal joint of antennae shorter than front portion of head, finely
spinose beneath. Antenniferous tubercles slightly surpassed by the two
cylindrical processes between them. Front femora with four or five promi-
nent spines, these increasing in length from the base; front tibia? armed
as stated in key. Apex of male abdomen with lobes more divergent,
their tips more broadly rounded than in infirma. In female these lobes
are wholly separate with an oblong lobe of equal length between them,
the tip of latter with a small median notch. Length, 11 — 12 mm.

Moore Haven, Fla., March 25 ; one swept from foliage along
the canal (W.S.B.). Washington, D. C, June 15 (Davis).
Barber records it from Titusville, Fla., and Van Duzee (1917,
240) from Indiana. The types of Banks were from Virginia.

519 ( — ). Pnirontis brimleyi sp. nov.

Form and size of modesta. Color much the same; head and basal
lobe of pronotum tinged with fuscous; ventrals with a row of small
black dots along each side in addition to those on angles of connexivals.
Head and pronotum roughly scabrous. Antenniferous tubercles very
short, the antennae inserted beneath them, not apparently on their ends
as in our other species ; the tylus between them single, obtusely pointed.
First joint of antennae less than half the length of front lobe of head,
its basal half swollen, apical half tapering to an obtuse point. Front
tibiae of male strongly curved, armed as in modesta. Last dorsal of
male broader, with apical notch wider and much more shallow, the lobes
scarcely half the length of those of modesta. Characters otherwise much
as in that species. Length, 10.5 mm.

Raleigh, N. Car., April 14 ; a single male sent me as modesta,
but very distinct in the characters above mentioned from that
species. Named in honor of C. S. Brimley, of Raleigh, N. Car.,
who has shown me many favors during the preparation of this
work, and who has done much to make better known the insect
fauna of his State. Type in collection of North Carolina State
Department of Agriculture.

II. Pygolampis Germar, 1824, 22.

Elongate slender species having the head porrect, its sides
subparallel, the front lobe as wide as hind one, the base of
latter with four short processes ; antennae inserted on its front,

546 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^:.

their basal tubercles very short, first joint porrect, as long as
or longer than front lobe of head ; eyes relatively small, coarse-
ly granulated; pronotum with sides gradually feebly converg-
ing from the base, disk with four vague obtuse ridges, the
median groove rather deep, the others with short narrow forks ;
elytra reaching to or slightly beyond base of sixth dorsal;
front and middle legs short, their femora and tibiae unarmed,
hind legs longer, more slender, but femora not reaching tip of
abdomen. Last dorsal of male broadly emarginate ; of female
prolonged and tapering to an obtuse tip. About a dozen species
are known, two of them from our territory, one from Central
America, the others from the Old World. Van Duzee (1917,
241) has listed P. spurca Stal, a Surinam species, from the "S.
St.", but no other eastern record can be found.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PYGOLAMPIS.

a. First joint of antennae subequal in length to front portion of head;

front femora distinctly swollen. 520. sericea.

aa. First joint of antenna? nearly twice as long as front portion of head ;

front femora but little swollen. 521. pectoralis.

520 (723). Pygolampis sericea Stal, 1859b, 378.

Elongate, subparallel. Above fuscous-brown, densely clothed with
fine prostrate grayish pubescence; head and pronotum somewhat paler;
larger cells of membrane with an irregular whitish line; incisures of
connexivum each with a small pale spot; abdomen dull yellow with a
median line and a narrow one each side fuscous; beak, apical joints of
antennae, sterna, coxa?, knees and front and middle femora fuscous-
brown; basal joint of antenna? and remainder of legs reddish-brown,
the front and middle tibia? annulate with paler. Tylus with apex pro-
jected forward from between a short fork. Length, 13 — 15 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., May 5 (Gerhard). Raleigh, N. Car., May 5
(Brimley). Wilmington, N. Car., April 18 (Davis). Described
from Pennsylvania. Ranges from New England west to Illi-
nois and southwest to South Carolina and Texas. But few sta-
tions are on record.

521 (724). Pygolampis pectoralis (Say), 1832, 33; I, 306.

Elongate, slender. Pale reddish-brown or dull brownish-yellow,
sparsely clothed with fine silvery pubescence; apical joints of antenna?
and elytra, especially the membrane, strongly tinged with fuscous; apical
angles of connexivals each with a small pale spot; meso- and metasterna
and sometimes the middle of abdomen, fuscous; tibia? annulate with pale
and dark rings. Joint 2 of antenna? longer than 1, 3 shortest, one-half
the length of 4. Pronotum longer than in sericea, the disk of hind lobe

SUBFAMILY III. — STENOPODIN^. 547

more uneven, with grooves and ridges poorly denned. Spine in front
of each fore coxa? prominent. Length, 13 — 16 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the southern
counties ; occurs throughout the year. Bassenger, R. P. Park
and Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 18 — March 24. Listed from eight
other stations in that State. In Indiana it hibernates, both as
nymph and adult, singly or in pairs, beneath chunks, boards
and other cover, along roadsides and borders of upland woods.
In summer I have found it in small colonies beneath loose bark
of oak stumps in high dense woodlands and beneath rotten
chunks in damp places. In Florida the nymphs have been
sifted from weed debris in low moist grounds, and the adults
found beneath bark. It is a species of wide distribution, hav-
ing been recorded from all parts of the United States. Noth-
ing regarding its habits is on record.

III. Gnathobleda Stal, 1859b, 380.

Elongate-oval species having the head and pronotum sub-
equal in length, the former, in our species, with spines on lower
sides of hind lobe fused into two or three forked processes ;
joint 1 of antennae slightly shorter than head, not spined at
apex; disk of pronotum with a vague transverse median im-
pression and four obtuse longitudinal carinae; elytra subequal
in length to abdomen, male, somewhat shorter, female ; front
femora strongly swollen, armed beneath with two rows of
short spines. One species occurs in Central America, a second
in Mexico and a third in Cuba and the southern states.

522 (725). Gnathobleda tumidula Stal, 1872, 121.

Elongate-oval. Pale straw-yellow, subglabrous ; basal lobe of head,
a vague median stripe on pronotum, scutellum, small spot at apex of
front discal cell of corium, another near middle of outer cell of mem-
brane, and the apical third of each connexival, fuscous-brown; front fem-
ora pale brown flecked with small yellow spots, middle and hind ones
straw-yellow, their apical fourth brown ; tibiae dull yellow annulate with
two or three brown rings; under surface pale brown flecked with numer-
ous yellowish spots and dots. Antennae with joint 1 and basal half of 2,
straw-yellow, remainder fuscous-brown ; 1 rather slender, narrowed to-
ward base; 2 more slender, nearly twice as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 united
about one-half the length of 2, 4 nearly one-half longer than 3. Front
of head ending in a pair of obtuse spines between the bases of antenna?.
Pronotum with lateral carina? of disk forked or branched and lower front
angle of flanks ending in a prominent spine. Hind femora of male
slightly passing apex of abdomen, the latter rounded; female with hind

548 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIHLE.

femora not reaching apex of abdomen, the latter acutely produced.
Length, 11.5 — 14.5 mm.

Dimedin, Fla., Feb. 22 — March 4 ; several nymphs in last
instar sifted from weed debris along the margins of wet ham-
mocks. Santiago las Vegas, Cuba, Oct. 26 (Fracker). Recorded
from Georgia and Texas.

IV. STENOPODA Laporte, 1832, 26.

Elongate, rather stout species having the sides of head sub-
parallel, the front portion slightly wider and three times longer
than hind one, both it and pronotum with numerous bristly
setose hairs or slender spines ; antennae with similar hairs, in-
serted on sides of apical fourth of head far in advance of eyes,
the bifurcate tylus between their bases ; eyes small but promi-
nent ; scutellum small, its apex acute ; elytra usually reaching
middle of last dorsal, sometimes abbreviated and reaching only
third dorsal ; abdomen wide, subdepressed above ; legs slender,
the hind ones much the longer, all thickly beset with very fine
setose bristles; ventral surface of abdomen strongly carinate
at middle ; last dorsal flat with apex truncate, male, conical
with apex obtuse, female. Three species are known, all trop-
ical or neotropical, one ranging northward into our territory.

523 (727). Stenopoda cinerea Laporte, 1832, 26. ,;r

Elongate, robust for the subfamily. Dull straw-yellow; apical joints
of antenna?, membrane of elytra and sides of abdomen often tinged with
fuscous; femora with vague fuscous dots and streaks, their apical fourth
darker. Beak with joint 1 subequal to 2 and 3 united. Joint 1 of anten-
nae not much swollen, as long as head, 2 one-third longer, 3 and 4 sub-
equal, each one-half the length of 1. Pronotum subcampanulate, much
wider behind, its disk with two obtuse ridges, these divergent toward
base, front angles acute, hind ones ending in a short suberect obtuse
spine. Front femora armed beneath with two rows of very short tuber-
cles. Length, 22 — 30 mm.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., February — March, nymphs
only ; beaten from dead leaves of cabbage and royal palms and
sifted from weed debris (W.S.B.). Lakehurst, N. J., and
Yaphank, N. Y., July (Davis). Mobile, Ala., and Havana, Cuba,
June (Gerhard). Henderson, Ky., June 1 (Marshall). Raleigh,
N. Car., July 11— Sept. 14 (Brimley). In five of the eight

"7Usually listed as Stenopoda culidformis Fabrieius (1775), it having been de-
scribed by that author as Cimex culidformis. This name, however, had ajready been
used by De Goer (1773) for the Ploiariid now known as Empicoris culicijormis (De
til. Laporte's name is therefore the next one available for the species.

SUBFAMILY III. — STENOPODIN^. 549

adults at hand the discoidal cell of elytra is marked with a
short black line, and in three the inner margin of clavus is in
great part black. The largest specimen, a female from Raleigh,
is brachypterous. The known range of this species extends
from New York west to southern Illinois and Arkansas, and
southwest to Florida, Texas, Panama and Central America.
Barber records it from six stations in Florida, including St.
Augustine, Marco and Miami. It is the largest member of the
Stenopodinse and its long hind legs give it somewhat the aspect
of a giant mosquito, whence the old specific name. Uhler
(1884, 279) states that: "It, as well as its young, lurks about
the branches and twigs of trees, watching for caterpillars and
other insects upon which to leap and transfix with the curved
acute rostrum, and while holding one between the fore femora
and tibiae, soon sucks it to death."

V. Schumannia Champion, 1898, 185.

Elongate, narrow species having the head subcylindrical, the
front and hind portions subequal in length, the sides of the
latter slightly rounded and armed with four laterally project-
ing stout setif erous spines ; eyes rounded, very prominent ;
cheeks ending in moderately long divergent porrect spines ; an-
tennas short, joint 1 about as long as front portion of head ; pro-
notum about twice as long as broad, its sides feebly converging
from base to middle, then subparallel, their front angles un-
armed ; scutellum with an erect tubercle at apex ; elytra reach-
ing tip of abdomen, their inner margin strongly sinuate before
the apex, the latter pointed; front femora strongly swollen,
armed beneath with two rows of very short spines and a few
longer ones near base; front tibise as long as the femora and
with a short spongy fossa beneath the apex. But one species
is known.

524 (726). Schumannia mexicana Champion, 1898, 185.

Dull grayish-yellow, mottled with fuscous; head with a blackish
median stripe, this forming two lines in front; front lobe of pronotum
fuscous, disk with a median black line; scutellum black; inner half of
corium with an interrupted oblique fuscous streak, outer half with a
pale grayish one; membrane with a row of small blackish spots on outer
cell; connexivum spotted with black; legs dull yellow, flecked with fus-
cous; tarsi and tips of tibise fuscous; spines on front trochanters and
femora, black, conspicuous. Antennae dull yellow, pilose, joint 1 much
stouter than and one-half as long as 2, 3 short, very slender. Pronotum

550

FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID>E.

with front lobe much shorter than hind one, the latter with median
longitudinal groove, a shorter sinuous subbasal one each side and a deep

fovea at middle. Abdomen gradually
widened to middle, outer apical angles
of the segments dilated. Ventrals
1 — -3 carinate at middle. Length 18
mm. (Fig. 132).

Described from Mexico. A
single specimen, taken by Frank-
lin Sherman at Raleigh, N. Car.,
June 28, 1902, is in the U. S. Na-
tional Museum.

VI. Cncocephalus Klug.,
1830, 2.

Elongate-oval species having
Fig. 132. schumanma mexicana the head porrect, its front por-

Champ., male X 214. Fig. 133. Nar- .• u 1 • j • 1 4- • i ~

vesus carolinensis Stal, female X 3. tlOIl SUbcylindriCal, twice as long

.After Champion). &g hind ^ ^ j^^ gubglo_

bose, suddenly constricted into a short neck; eyes large, very
prominent, subcontiguous beneath ; ocelli large, placed on the
sides of a prominent bilobed tubercle ; front lobe of pronotum
much narrower than hind one, its sides sinuate ; apex of scutel-
lum ending in a cylindrical horizontal spine ; elytra entire,
reaching tip of abdomen ; connexivum narrowly or not at all
exposed ; front femora much swollen, armed beneath on inner
edge with a row of short spines or tubercles ; front tibise slight-
ly longer than femora, beset with short fine bristles ; abdomen
with a sharp median carina. Three species are known from
North America, two occurring in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF OXCOCEPHALUS.

a. Head and front femora in great part black; side margins of pro-
notum with front and hind angles each ending in a small conical
tubercle, and with a third small tubercle near middle.

525. GENICULATUS.

aa. Head and front femora pale, the apical third of latter sometimes

tinged with fuscous; side margins of pronotum without tubercles,

the hind angles rounded. 526. apiculatus.

525 (728). Oncocephalus oeniculatus Stal, 1872, 123.

Elongate-oval. Hind lobe and under part of front lobe of head,
disk of hind lobe of pronotum, scutellum, a large spot on discoidal cell
of elytra and a dash behind it, black; antenna? fuscous, the basal joint

SUBFAMILY III. — STENOPODIN^E. 551

darker but pale at base; front femora, except middle, knees of middle
and hind femora and two broad rings on front and middle tibia?, fuscous-
black; elytra fuscous, finely maculate with paler; beak fuscous, with
two pale rings; under surface dull yellow, irregularly marked with fus-
cous streaks and blotches. Antennae inserted in front of cheeks, joint 1
glabrous, scarcely as long as front portion of head; joints 2 — 4 thickly
beset with erect stiff hairs, 3 and 4 subequal, very slender, united less
than half the length of 2. Apex of last dorsal of male with a small
median notch. Length, 14 — 15 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Fla., Dec. 12 ; one nymph in last instar
taken from beneath a board by the side of a ditch (W. S. B.).
White Lake, N. Car., June (Brimley). Mobile, Ala., June 4
(Gerhard). Stal's types were from Texas, and it has been re-
corded elsewhere only from St. Petersburg and Everglade, Fla.,
and Pueblo, Colo.

526 (729). Onococephalus apiculatus Reuter, 1882, 728.

Elongate, subparallel. Color a nearly uniform dull brownish-yellow;
antennae, scutellum, a median stripe on pronotum, a short line on middle
of edge of each connexival and apical fourth of femora fuscous or tinged
with fuscous. Disk of pronotum with two obtuse longitudinal ridges ex-
tending from middle of front lobe to middle of hind one, its front angles
obtuse, hind ones obtusely rounded. Spines of inner lower margin of
front femora more numerous and slightly longer than in geniculatits.
Length, 16 mm.

Hamilton Co., Kan. (Brimley). Described from Missouri. Re-
corded by Malloch (1920, 240) from Illinois. Not known else-
where.

VII. Narvesus Stal, 1859b, 383.

A monotypic genus, differing from Oncocephalus mainly by
the characters given in generic key. Front portion of head
shorter. Male with eyes larger, almost contiguous beneath;
antennae pilose throughout, and last dorsal with apex subtrun-
cate, its median notch U-shaped. Female larger, with eyes
smaller, more separated beneath ; ocelli less elevated, basal
joints of antennae less pilose.

527 (731). Narvesus carolinensis Stal, 1859b, 385.

Elongate, subparallel. Dull straw-yellow; antennae, ocellar tuber-
cles, scutellum, clavus, a large spot on discoidal cell of corium, and an
oblong one on outer cell of membrane, fuscous-brown or tinged with fus-
cous; under surface with some vague, irregular fuscous markings. Joint
1 of antennae half the length of 2. Pronotum almost as wide at base as
long, strongly narrowed from base to apex, front angles ending in a

552 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIHLE.

sub-erect acute tubercle, hind ones obtuse or subacute. Length, 14 — 17
mm. (Fig. 133).

Daviess Co., Ind., June 15 (W.S.B.). Raleigh, N. Car.,
July; Cochise County, Ariz., August (Brimley). Resembles 0.
apiculatus Reut. very closely in form and color. Ranges from
New Jersey west to Missouri and southwest to Florida, Ari-
zona, Yucatan and the West Indies. A specimen in the Gaines-
ville collection from Lake City is the only one recorded from
Florida. Except that it occurs at light, nothing regarding its
habits has been recorded.

Subfamily IV. REDUVIIN^ Amyot & Serville, 1843, 333.

This subfamily includes species of large size and elongate-
oval form having the front of head narrow, either porrect or
subdeflexed ; eyes large, coarsely granulated ; antennae slender
first joint shorter than second ; hind lobe of pronotum much
wider than front one ; apex of scutellum prolonged as a hori-
zontal spine ; elytra entire, reaching or surpassing tip of abdo-
men, their tips rather narrowly rounded ; legs short, front
femora unarmed. Other characters as in key. The subfamily
is represented in Tropical America by a dozen or more genera,
only four of which occur as far north as the United States.
Two of these are represented in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN GEXERA OF REDUVIIX.E.

a. Front of head subdeflexed; antennae inserted on top of the head
close to the front margin of eyes, their basal tubercles small;
beak stout, distinctly curved. I. Reduvius.

aa. Front of head porrect, prolonged; antennae inserted on sides of head
much in front of eyes, their tubercles prominent; beak rather
slender, nearly straight. II. Triatoma.

I. Reduvius Fabricius, 1775, 729.

Large elongate-oval pubescent species having the front of
head short, deflexed, hind part constricted close behind the
eyes to form a distinct neck; eyes very large, narrowly sepa-
rated beneath ; ocelli placed close together near hind margin of
eyes ; second joint of beak much longer than the others united ;
pronotum as long as wide, its front lobe convex and with a
median impressed line, hind one with an obtuse ridge each side
of middle ; scutellum bicarinate, the carinas merging to form
the apical spine. One species occurs in our territory and an-
other in Arizona.

SUBFAMILY IV. — REDUVIIN^. 553

528 (733). Reduvius personatus (Linnaeus), 1758, 446.

Elongate-oval. Color a nearly uniform piceous-brown, the knees,
tarsi and apical halves of tibia? paler; elytra largely membranous, more
or less translucent. Antennae with joints gradually decreasing in thick-
ness, 1 and 4 subequal in length, each about two-
thirds the length of 2 or 3, which are also sub-
/ equal. Length, 17—20 mm. (Fig. 134).

Cass, Kosciusko, Marion, Putnam and
Vigo counties, Ind., June 11 — July 9;
probably occurs throughout the State.
Borden Springs, Ala., Aug. 15. This is a
palsearctic European species, ranging in
this country from Quebec and New Eng-
land west to Kansas and south to Florida,
where it has been recorded from Bellaire
and Jacksonville. It occurs for the most
part in houses, and is known as the
(After Brehm). "masked bed-bug hunter," both adults

and nymphs covering themselves with lint and dust and
hiding in corners and crevices in waiting for their unsavory
prey. In Indiana the adults are most common in June, flying
to light at dusk. Fracker (1913, 229) states that this is "our
very notorious kissing-bug." In this he was mistaken, that
honor belonging to Melanolestes picipes H.-S. However, Leconte
(1855) stated that: "When caught or unskillfully handled it
always stings with its beak. In this case the pain is almost
equal to that of the bite of a snake, and the swelling and irri-
tation which result from it will sometimes last for a week. Its
food consists of flies and other soft insects which it catches
very adroitly and soon deprives of all their juices."

II. Triatoma Laporte, 1832, 11.

Rather large elongate-oval, subglabrous species having the
front part of head very long, porrect, subcylindrical, hind part
constricted to a neck some distance behind the eyes ; ocelli
widely separated, distant from the eyes ; hind lobe of pronotum
with humeral angles broadly rounded ; front lobe convex, usu-
ally with a small tubercle each side of the impressed median
line; apex of scutellum prolonged as an obtuse more or less
cylindrical horizontal spine ; prosternum deeply sulcate, de-
clivent in front ; abdomen widely expanded, the connexivum
broadly exposed and reflexed. Twenty or more species are

554

FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

known, mostly from tropical countries. They are for the most
part large varicolored species. Some of them attack man, and
one, the Triatoma megista Burm., has in the past caused much
loss of life among the natives of Brazil. Two species and one
variety are known from the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN" SPECIES OF TRIATOMA.

a. Beak glabrous or nearly so, joint 2 twice or more as long as 1 ; tu-
bercles at apical angles of pronotum conical, subacute.

529. SANGUISUGA.

act. Beak pilose witb numerous long inclined hairs, joint 2 only a third
longer than 1, the latter much longer than 3; tubercles at apical
angles of pronotum obtuse, only slightly elevated.

530. HEIDEMANNI.

529 (738). Triatoma sanguisuga (Leconte), 1855, 404.

Elongate-oval, broadest behind middle of abdomen. Piceous-black
or dark brown; narrow front and side margins of pronotum, basal fourth
and a spot on apical third of corium, reddish-yellow; connexivum, both
above and beneath, with alternate red and black bars ; legs and antennae

dark brown. Antennae with scattered bristly
hairs, joint 1 not reaching tip of tylus, one-
third the length of 2, 3 and 4 more slender,
subequal, each one-half the length of 2. Hind
lobe of pronotum with numerous coarse
transverse wrinkles and two divergent cari-
nas. Tibiae all clothed beneath with bristly
j/\iM8!I^W hairs. Length, 16—21 mm. (Fig. 135).

*** *^ Crawford Co., Ind., July 1—6.

Dunedin, Sanford and R. P. Park, Fla.,
Dec. 15 — April 3. Recorded from ten
additional Florida stations. The two
Indiana specimens were taken from be-
neath loose bark of oak. The Florida
adults are smaller than those from In-
diana, and represent the var. ambigua Neiva (1911, 422). He
says: "Examples which come from Florida are characterized
by their smaller size and by their color, which is much duller,
chiefly on the connexivum, which is at times completely ochra-
ceous."

My specimens were taken from beneath boards and by
sweeping weeds in damp places; the nymphs from beneath
bark of pine and oak. T. sanguisuga ranges from Maryland and
New Jersey west to southern Illinois and southwest to Florida,
Texas and Panama. It is known in the southern states as the
"big bed-bug" ; also as the "blood-sucking cone-nose."

Fig. 135, X 2.
(After Howard and Marlatt)

SUBFAMILY IV. — REDUVIINiE. 555

Leconte's types were from Georgia, and following his orig-
inal description he says : "This insect inflicts a most painful
wound. It is remarkable also for sucking the blood of mam-
mals, particularly of children. I have known its bite to be fol-
lowed by very serious consequences, the patient not recovering
from its effects for nearly a year." Marlatt (1896, 38) has
given an excellent account of its life history and habits. He
states that :

"It feeds on bed-bugs, especially those already charged with human
blood, and has a 'buggy' odor, even more intense than that of the bed-
bug. In country places, especially in the lower Mississippi Valley, it is
often found in bed rooms and its bite is very severe and painful, result-
ing in much more pronounced swelling and inflammation than in the
case of the bed-bug. It is a night flyer and is attracted into open win-
dows by light. It conceals itself during the day under any loose object,
often leaving beds which it may have frequented during the night."

530 (736). Triatoma heidemanni Neiva, 1911a, No. 44.

Form and size of sanguisuga. General color dark reddish-brown;
scutellum, hind lobe of head and front one of pronotum, piceous-black;
side margins of hind lobe of pronotum, costal margin and basal fourth
or less of corium and a spot near apex of latter, dull yellow; membrane
pale to dark brown, a triangular spot in front of its base paler; apical
third of each connexival both above and beneath, dull reddish-yellow.
Joints 1 and 2 of antennas brown, 2 thickly beset with long appressed
bristly hairs ; 3 and 4 straw- yellow, beset with numerous long, slender
flying hairs; 2 but slightly longer than either 3 or 4, which are sub-
equal in length. Pronotum with disk of hind lobe much smoother and
carina? lower and more obtuse than in sanguisuga. Third joint of beak
much shorter and more obtuse, and spine of scutellum shorter and less
cylindrical than in sanguisuga. Length, 18 — 22 mm.

Lake Landing, Hyde County, N. Car., Aug. 25 (Brimley).
Riley Co., Kan., April 6 (Barber) . Ranges from Maryland west
to southern Illinois and Oklahoma and southwest to Florida
and Texas. This is the species treated by Stal, Fracker and
most American authors as variegata Drury, that name belong-
ing to an Antiguan species not represented in this country.
Some of the American records of variegata belong to sanguisuga
and the southwestern ones probably to the T. neotomce and
occulta Neiva, described from Arizona and Texas. The only
probable Florida record of heidemanni is that of Uhler (1878,
428) as variegata without definite station. No mention of its
habits can be found. Easily distinguished from sanguisuga by
the hairy beak.

556 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIIDiE.

Subfamily V. PIRATING Amyot & Serville, 1843, 321.

This subfamily comprises large or medium sized species hav-
ing the hind portion of head short, subglobose, abruptly con-
stricted into a short neck, front portion short, usually more
or less deflexed ; eyes large, coarsely granulated ; antennae usu-
ally inserted on top of head some distance in front of eyes,
their first joint shortest, scarcely or not surpassing tip of
tylus ; pronotum constricted much behind the middle, its front
lobe much the narrower; elytra often wanting, when present
as long as or slightly shorter than abdomen ; front and middle
femora more or less thickened, the front, and usually the mid-
dle, tibiae ending in a short oval plate which is concave and
spongy beneath. Three genera are represented in North
America, all in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF PIRATIN.E.

a. Front of head short, deflexed; neck with a small tubercle each side;
middle tibia? with a spongy fossa at apex; ocelli narrowly sepa-
rated.
b. Apical fourth of front tibiae angularly dilated beneath in front of
the short spongy fossa; elytra wholly black or piceous.

I. Melanclestes, p. 556.

bb. Front tibiae but little dilated near apex in front of the elongate

spongy fossa ; corium and membrane of elytra with a yellow spot.

II. Rasahus, p. 559.
aa. Front of head long, porrect; neck without tubercles; middle tibiae
without a spongy fossa; ocelli widely separated.

III. SlRTHENEA, p. 560.

I. Melanolestes Stal, 1866, 251.

Elongate-oval species possessing the characters above given
and having the ocelli placed on slight elevations between the
hind margins of eyes; antennae with joints 2 — 4 subequal in
length, hirsute with numerous erect hairs and gradually de-
creasing in diameter, each double the length of 1 ; front portion
of pronotum impunctate, but with a median line, each side of
which is a straight and two shorter oblique shallow grooves;
scutellum obtusely carinate each side, the carinae merging to
form the short obtuse terminal spine ; spongy fossa of front
tibiae elongate-oval, very large. Two of the four known species
occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MELANOLESTES.

(/. Abdomen wholly black; ocelli small, piceous; elytra often much ab-
breviated. 531. picipes.

SUBFAMILY V. — PIRATING.

557

aa. Abdomen in part or wholly red; ocelli much larger, yellow; elytra
entire. 532. abdominalis.

531 (745). Melanolestes picipes (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1848, 62.

Elongate-oval. Black or piceous-black; antennae and legs piceous.
Interocular area of head, viewed from above, broader than the eyes.
Hind portion of pronotum very finely rugose-granulate, the lateral angles
rounded. Elytra of females often abbreviated to mere pads which do
not surpass the second dorsal. Length, 15 — 20 mm. (Figs. 136 and 137).

Fig. 136. Melanolestes picipes (H. S.), macropterous male X 3. Fig. 137.
Same, brachypterous female. (After Lugger).

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the southern coun-
ties ; also throughout Florida. In Indiana it is found in all
months of the year, hibernating singly or in pairs in dry up-
land woods and fields, beneath logs, the sides of which are
deeply buried in leaves and mold. In spring and summer it
occurs beneath stones, loose bark, piles of weeds and other
cover. In Florida it is more often found beneath cover along
the "margins of ponds and lakes than in dryer places. Of 20
specimens at hand 12 are fully winged, ten of which are males ;
of the eight with wings abbreviated all are females, so that
wing abortion appears to be largely a sexual character.

The known range of M. picipes extends from Quebec and New
England west to Minnesota and south and southwest to Florida,

558 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIIDjE.

Texas and California. Uhler has also listed it from Para,
Brazil, and Walker (1873, 97) from Venezuela and Colombia.
From personal experience I long ago learned to pick up this
and allied species of Reduviids only with the forceps, as I have
on several occasions been severely punctured by their beak.
Smith (1910, 154) states that this and the next species made
a temporary stir in 1899 as "kissing bugs," because of a num-
ber of reported cases where bites had caused swelling of the lips.
"These species bite very readily and if, in flight, they strike
the face of an individual, they are very apt to puncture prompt-
ly. There is no doubt that some such cases did occur; there
is no doubt either that the majority of the reported cases were
attributable to altogether different causes."

532 (746). Melanolestes abdominalis (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1843, 63.

Form similar to picipes, but averaging smaller. Head, pronotum
and sterna black; scutellum, corium, antenna? and legs brown; membrane
darker brown; abdomen, except genital segment of male, red; tarsi dull
yellow. Structural characters as under generic heading. Length,
13—18 mm.

Frequent in southern Indiana, April 1 — Dec. 18 ; not taken
north of Vigo County. Hibernates beneath partly buried logs
and at other seasons found in similar places as picipes. All of the
14 specimens at hand, eight of them females, are fully winged.
The general range of this species is about the same as that of
picipes, extending from New England west to South Dakota
and south to Mississippi, Texas, California and Mexico. Not as
yet recorded from Florida, though it probably occurs in the
northern portion of that State.

There is some doubt about the status of M. abdominalis. Stal
(1872, 107) placed it as a color variety of picipes and it is so
regarded by Parshley (1918, 64) who states that he not only
has all gradations between the two forms, but a pair taken in
coitu, the male being picipes, the female, abdominalis. On the
other hand Uhler (1876, 330) regarded them as distinct, stat-
ing that "they sometimes occur under the same stone, but while
I have seen the sexes of each united, I have never seen a male
of the one caress or unite with a female of the other." The two
forms are treated as distinct both in the Van Duzee Catalogue
and the "Hemiptera of Connecticut" and as I have not, in all
my collecting, seen a specimen with intermediate hues, they
are here treated as separate species.

SUBFAMILY V. — PIRATING.

559

II. Rasahus Amyot & Serville, 1843, 325.

This genus is very close to Melanolestes. The eyes are larger
and more convex ; ocelli larger, more oval and set diagonally on
a bilobed tubercle ; scutellar spine compressed, longer and more
slender ; spongy pads of front tibiae oblong and more projecting.
Other differences as in generic key. A half dozen or more
species are known from tropical America, two of which occur
in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF RASAHUS.

a. Inner portion of basal half of corium as far as tip of clavus, yellow;
clavus black at base, its apical half or more yellow; body of male
narrow, the connexivum narrowly or not at all exposed.

533. HAMATUS.
aa. Basal half of corium and the clavus both in great part yellow;
body broad, the connexivum widely exposed in both sexes.

534. BIGUTTATUS.

533 (749). Rasahus hamatus (Fabricius), 1781, 381.

Elongate, subparallel, male; suboval, female. Head,
pronotum and scutellum usually black; apical third or
more of clavus and an oblique stripe on inner side of
basal half of corium dull yellow; remainder of corium
and membrane dark brown, the latter with a large oval
yellow spot on base; connexivum, both above and beneath,
with alternate wide black and yellow bars, female, the
dark ones narrow or sometimes wanting, male; legs
reddish-yellow, the front and middle femora paler at
base with lower face and upper half of outer one some-
times fuscous-brown; sterna black, ventrals fuscous-
brown. Joints 1, 3 and 4 of antennae fuscous, 2 dull yel-
low; 1 shorter than head; 2 — 4 subequal in length, each
two and half times as long as 1. Head and pronotum
with long scattered hairs. Front lobe of pronotum with
seven more or less distinct shallow grooves, the two on

xFl2S" 13(Affe'? each side oblique. Length, 17—20 mm. (Fig. 138).

Champion).

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Feb. 25— April
22 ; a dozen or more specimens taken beneath boards in damp
places or by sweeping along the borders of wet hammocks ; two
at electric porch light. Everglade, Fla., July (Davis) . Browns-
ville, Tex., June (Barber). Recorded also from Silver Springs,
Punta Gorda and Ft. Myers, Fla. A neotropical species known
in this country only from Florida and Texas, and ranging south
to Argentina.

560 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID>E.

534 (747). RASAHUS biguttatus (Say), 1832, 13; I, 307.

Very similar to ha mat us; the chief differences as in key. Color
variable, the head and pronotum often reddish-brown, sometimes with
front half of latter black and hind one brown. Membrane blackish with
a large oval or rounded yellowish spot at middle. Connexivum in both
sexes with wide alternate blackish and yellow spots; legs usually reddish-
yellow, paler at base, often in great part blackish. Length, 16 — 20 mm.

Everglade, Fla., April (Doris) . Delhi, Cal., May 6 (Gerhard) .
Recorded by Barber from eight Florida stations between
Ormond and Everglade. Ranges from North Carolina south-
west to Florida, Louisiana, Texas and the West Indies. It is
very doubtful whether Say's species is more than a color form
of hamatus. Both vary widely in the yellow markings of elytra
and legs. The only structural difference between the two seems
to be the narrower form of the males of hamatus.

III. Sirthenea Spinola, 1840, 100.

Elongate, rather robust species having the front of head pro-
longed, porrect, its sides declivent and tylus forming a ridge
along the crest ; eyes rather small, not prominent ; beak with
second joint longer than the others united ; pronotum with
front lobe but little narrower than hind one, the former with
seven, the latter with two sulci ; elytra, when present, some-
what shorter than abdomen ; front coxse stout, nearly as long as
head ; front femora and tibiae bristly hairy, much swollen,
flattened within, the latter with apical spongy plate very large ;
middle and hind legs short, stout. One species is known from
North America and our territory.

535 (750). Sirthenea carinata (Fabricius), 1798, 545.

Elongate, subparallel. Head, pronotum, scutellum and under sur-
face black or piceous ; clavus, inner margin of corium and membrane dark
brown; corium, except inner margin, beak and legs, reddish-yellow;
antennae fuscous, the basal joint yellow; connexivum with margin, both
above and below, in part reddish-yellow. Head and margins of prono-
tum with numerous erect hairs. Basal joint of antennae stout, subclavate,
slightly curved, reaching tip of tylus; joints 2 and 4 subequal in length,
3 one-third shorter than either. Scutellum with an obtuse ridge each side,
these merging to form a short, compressed apical spine. Sides of abdo-
men strongly reflexed. Length, 18 — 25 mm.

Vigo and Posey counties, Ind., Feb. 21 — Sept. 9, nymphs
only. Ormond, Moore Haven, R. P. Park, Sarasota and Dune-
din, Fla., November — April. Although I have taken scores of

SUBFAMILY VI. — ECTRICHODIIN^. 561

nymphs of this species, I have happened upon but one adult,
from which the above description is drawn. In Indiana the
nymphs occur beneath logs or stones, usually in damp places.
In Florida the adult and nymphs have mostly been found be-
neath boards along the margins of ponds, though one nymph
was taken from the flowers of Garberia fruticosa (Nutt.). It
has been recorded only from St. Petersburg, Clearwater and
Enterprise, that State, Van Duzee having taken one at electric
light in Clearwater, which "bit viciously when captured, pro-
ducing a wound as painful as that inflicted by the Notonectas."
The nymphs of all stages have the ocelli wanting and are
largely reddish-yellow in hue, only the head, wing-pads, some
spots on abdomen, and antennse being darker. The known
range of this bug extends from New Jersey west to Michigan
and southern Illinois, and south to Florida, Texas, California
and Mexico. But little regarding its habits has been recorded,
the majority of specimens mentioned having been taken at
light.

Subfamily VI. ECTRICHODIIN^E Amyot & Serville, 1843, 342.

Medium sized oval or elongate-oval species having the head
porrect, declivent in front, its hind portion constricted to form
a distinct neck; antennse 8-jointed, the usual third joint being
divided into two, and the fourth joint into four; pronotum
constricted slightly in front of middle, its disk with an im-
pressed median line and hind lobe with a groove each side ;
scutellum broad, its apex ending in two short decurved spines ;
elytra of females often much abbreviated, in males usually
reaching tip of abdomen ; connexivum widely exposed and re-
flexed ; spongy pad of front and middle tibiae very short. The
species are chiefly tropical, the majority of them inhabiting the
Old World. Of the six American genera but two have been
recorded from North America, and one of them probably
erroneously.'"

I. Rhiginia Stal, 1859b, 176, 181.

Oblong-oval spcies having the hind portion of head short,
hemispherical, the ocelli placed on the sides of a small eleva-

6SStal (1864a, 59) described Pothcn ceneo-nitena from a specimen in the Signoret
collection labelled "America borealis." Later (1S72, 104) he said: "In America
boreali vix occurrit." Uhler in his Check List recorded it from the "Southern States,"
and Banks in his Catalogue from the "western states." Xo other record of its oc-
currence in this country can be found and, since apparently no other specimen is
known, it is not included as a member of our eastern fauna.

562 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

tion near its middle; eyes small, rather finely granulated; joint
1 of antennae much surpassing tip of tylus, about half the
length of joint 2 ; beak strongly curved, joints 1 and 2 sub-
equal ; hind lobe of pronotum smooth and with a curved groove
each side ; scutellum short, broad, rugose ; sixth dorsal and
ventral of male united to enclose the suborbicular convex gen-
ital plate. Eight species are known, seven from tropical
America, the other from our territory.

536 (751). Rhiginia cruciata (Say), 1832, 33; I, 358.

Oblong-oval, widest behind the middle. Head, pronotum in great
part, connexivum and abdomen (in male) reddish or reddish-yellow;
scutellum black; a bilobed spot on disk of hind lobe of pronotum, antennae,
sterna and elytra, except extreme base of corium, fuscous-brown ; legs
dull yellow, the apical fourth of femora and tibia? black or brown; abdo-
men with a row of brown or black spots along the sides, in female some-
times almost wholly piceous-brown. Structural characters as under sub-
family and generic headings. Length, 12 — 16 mm.

Southern third of Indiana, scarce, April 23 — Sept. 24 ; not
taken north of Lawrence and Jennings counties. Ft. Myers,
R. P. Park, Moore Haven and Dunedin, Fla., March 1 — April
5. In Indiana it has been found only beneath logs on the slopes
of open woods ; in Florida it was taken by sweeping vegetation
and beating dead pine tops and palmetto leaves. Recorded
from six additional stations in Florida and doubtless occurs
sparingly throughout that State. It is a species of southern
distribution, its range extending from New Jersey west to
southern Illinois and south to Florida, Texas, Mexico and Cuba.
Except that it occurs beneath logs in winter, nothing has been
recorded of its habits.

Subfamily VII. HAMMACERIN^ Stal, 1859c, 328.

Large subdepressed species having the front of head broad,
porrect, the cheeks surpassing tylus ; eyes large, very protuber-
ant; head abruptly constricted just behind eyes, and immersed
in thorax almost to their margins ; pronotum constricted about
the middle, its disk granulate, but without impressed lines,
front lobe narrower than hind one, its sides rounded ; scutellum
short, granulate, its apex ending in two short blunt processes
with a notch between them ; elytra entire, reaching tip of abdo-
men ; connexivum rather broadly exposed ; legs short, bristly
hairy, front coxae short ; both front and middle tarsi ending in
a short oval lobe, this spongy beneath ; ventral segments 2 — 5

SUBFAMILY VII. — HAMMACERIN.-E.

563

with a median groove. Two genera are known, both repre-
sented in North America, but only one in our territory.

I. Hammacerus Laporte, 1832, 79.

The members of this genus possess the characters set forth
above and have the front lobe of head over twice as long as the
distance between the eyes; antennae inserted on its sides about
the middle, their first joint very short, second elongate, flexible,

composed of 23 — 28 short seg-
ments, thus resembling in
structure the antennae of the
Blattidae or cockroaches, third
and fourth joints more slen-
der, subequal, each about one-
half the length of second. Six
species have been described,
five from Tropical America,
the other from our territory.

537 (754). Hammacerus purcis
(Drury), 1782, 63.
Elongate - oval, subdepressed.
Head, pronotum and scutellum
black, feebly shining; elytra with a
broad yellowish - white cross - bar
covering the basal third or more,
remainder fuscous-brown ; connex-
ivum red, the incisures narrowly
black; under surface, legs and an-
tennae fuscous-brown ; basal halves
of hind femora red. Structural
characters as above given. Length,
22—30 mm. (Fig. 139).

Fig. 139, X 2. (Original).

Crawford and Posey coun-
ties, Ind., Sept. 5 — Nov. 17; frequent beneath loose bark of
various kinds of trees; also at light. Ormond, Sanford, R. P.
Park, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 29 — March 24 ; occurs
sparingly throughout that State beneath bark of dead pine and
oak. The known range of this large and handsome species ex-
tends from Virginia and southern Indiana south and southwest
to Florida, Oklahoma and Texas. Its food habits are not re-
corded but, as both adults and nymphs in all stages live beneath
loose bark, they probably feed on the various stages of insect

564 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

life which occur beneath the same cover. Say mentions it from
Georgia and Florida, but not from Indiana, though I found it
in numbers about New Harmony where he collected for several
years. Brimley (1907, 437) found it not uncommon at Raleigh,
N. Car., "under bark of dead pines in winter ; both nymphs and
adults being then found but the latter more abundantly." At
Ormond and R. P. Park, Fla., I found only nymphs in March.

Subfamily VIII. APIOMERIN/E Amyot & Serville, 1843, 350.

Rather stout, medium sized oval species, having the head
porrect, with hind portion short, broad, the ocelli set very wide
apart on its sides ; tylus slightly surpassing cheeks ; antennae
inserted between the eyes ; joint 2 of beak longer than 1 and 3
united ; pronotum constricted in front of middle, its lobes con-
vex, the front one the narrower and with a median impressed
line terminating near base in a large fovea ; scutellum short,
broad, its apex rounded or subtruncate ; elytra entire, reaching
or slightly surpassing tip of abdomen ; front and middle legs
short, stout, thickly beset with stiff bristles, their tarsi very
slender, retractile, folding back in slits on the upper side of
the swollen apex of tibiae. Genital plate of male suborbicular,
convex, enclosed by the union of the last dorsal and ventral,
its apex usually with a pair of slender style-like appendages.
One genus is known and represented in our territory.

I. Apiomerus Laporte, 1832, 82.

In this genus the front lobe of head is prolonged, with sides
(cheeks) declivent and tylus forming a ridge along the crest;
joint 1 of antennae stout, but slightly surpassing tip of tylus,
2 and 4 subequal, each one-third shorter than 3 ; hind lobe of
pronotum subpentagonal, its lateral angles rounded ; connex-
ivum widely exposed. The females have the ventral surface of
abdomen thickly pilose with stiff erect hairs and the hind tibiae
compressed and sinuous before the apex, their apical third
furnished with a brush of dense stiff hairs. They have the
power of exuding a viscid fluid from these bristles which is
supposed to aid them in holding their prey or perhaps, in part,
to glue their eggs to a leaf or other support. In the males the
ventral surface is but sparsely pilose and the tibial brush much
shorter. Twenty or more species are known, mostly from
Tropical America, two occurring in our territory.

SUBFAMILY VIII. — APIOMERIN^E.

565

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF APIOMERUS.

a. Pronotum black, its margins narrowly edged with red, the hind one
often pale; ventrals usually wholly black; corium blackish-brown,
its base reddish; genital plate of male black; larger, 14 — 19 mm.

538. CRASSIPES.

act. Pronotum with disk in part red; ventrals each with a distinct pale
transverse median bar, their front and hind margins black; corium
in great part reddish-brown; genital plate of male dull red; small-
er, not over 13 mm. 539. spissipes.

538 (764). Apiomerus crassipes (Fabricius), 1803, 273.

Rather broadly oval. Black; narrow margins of pronotum, basal
half of costal margin of elytra and rather broad margin of connexivum,

both above and beneath, red or reddish-yel-
low; coxa? dull red; hind margin of scutel-
lum and two or three short cross nervures
of corium usually dull yellow. Structural
characters as under subfamily and generic
headings. Length, 14 — 19 mm. (Fig. 140).

Southern half of Indiana, frequent,
June 6 — July 11; swept from foliage
of hazel and other shrubs along path-
ways, usually on high wooded slopes.
One was taken with a soldier bug,
Podisus maculiventris (Say), impaled on
its beak and another with a green
Cerambycid beetle, Gaurotes cyanipennis
(Say). Dunedin, Fla., April 10;
beaten from juniper. The known
range of A. crassipes extends from
Canada and Connecticut west to Min-
nesota, Colorado and California, and
southwest to Florida, Texas and
Listed from twelve different stations in Florida.
1884,282) says that:

Fig. 140, X 3. (After Lugger).

Mexico.
Uhler (

"It lays its eggs on the twigs and bark of pine trees. These hatch
during early summer, and the young may then be seen roaming over the
trees in the search of plant lice and young caterpillars, which they pierce
and suck to death, often holding them out on the tip of the rostrum,
while keeping them from getting away by holding them down with the
fore feet. The adult insects may be found in the trees as early as
March, and numbers may be beaten therefrom during the summer and
autumn. This species inhabits most of the thinly distributed pine belts
from lower Canada to southern Florida, and varies much in the width of
the red markings of the thorax, wing covers and abdomen."

566 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

Van Duzee (1914a, 13) reports it as "common everywhere
on flowers from May to October," in southern California. The
Rednvius linitaris Say (I, 355) is a synonym.

539 (765). Apiomerus SPISSIPES (Say), 1825, 328; I, 72; II, 250.

Form of crassipes but smaller. Head, disk of pronotum in part, and
scutellum except hind margin, black; parts of the disk of pronotum,
corium, narrow margin of connexivum, coxa?, femora, basal halves of
tibiae and genital plate of male, dull red ; antenna?, membrane of elytra,
connexivals in great part, tarsi and apical halves of tibia?, fuscous-brown;
narrow basal margin of pronotum and apex of scutellum dull yellow.
Length, 13 — 15 mm.

Dunedin, Lake Wales, Sarasota, Ft. Myers and Key West,
Fla., Jan. 28 — April 27 (W. S. B.) ; listed from eight other sta-
tions in that State. Taken by sweeping low huckleberry and
other shrubs; also while crawling or flying along roadsides.
Its range is more southwestern than that of crassipes, extend-
ing from Florida to Arkansas, Texas, Arizona, Mexico and
Costa Rica. Recorded also from Colorado. Say's types were
from Arkansas, where he says it "occurred in some plenty."
Morgan (1907, 51) states that nymphs kept in captivity in
Texas and furnished a variety of insects, fed mainly upon
Coleoptera and Diptera, and that one adult, when captured,
inserted its beak in the end of his thumb. "The pain at first
was not so great as that from the sting of a bee or wasp, but
in a few moments it was much greater, continued unabated for
over an hour and the spot was tender to the touch for two
weeks." The red hue of the pronotum varies greatly in extent,
sometimes covering three-fourths of its area.

Subfamily IX. ZELIN^E Fracker, 191fT 222, 237. (Harpactorinx

Am. & Serv.)

Elongate, usually slender bodied Heteroptera having the head
porrect, its front lobe usually much shorter than hind one ;"''
eyes small, not prominent; ocelli small, placed rather close
together'1' near front margin of hind lobe of head ; pronotum
narrowed in front, its hind lobe often spinose; elytra usually
entire ; connexivum usually narrowly or not at all exposed ;';;'
front legs long and slender, their tibise not thickened, but feebly
if at all raptorial ; tarsal claws usually toothed or appendiculate.
This subfamily is the largest of the Reduviidae, more than 700

''•■'These characters do not hold good in Rhynocoris and Pselliopus, which are
aberrant genera of the subfamily.

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELIN.E. 567

species being known, 40 or more of which occur in America
north of Mexico. These are divided among 13 genera, 11 of
which are represented in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN GEXEKA OF ZELIN43.

a. Sides of mesosternum without a small tubercle in front near the
hind angles of the prosternum (Tribe Zelini).
b. Front femora as long as or longer than hind ones; joint 1 of beak
much shorter than joint 2, usually shorter than front lobe of
head. I. Zelus, p. 568.

bb. Front femora shorter than hind femora or, if subequal in length,
joint 1 of beak as long as or longer than joint 2.
c. Joint 1 of beak shorter than joint 2.

d. Legs and antennae not annulate with black and yellow rings ;

joint 4 of antennae longer than 3; joint 1 of beak not longer
than head in front of eyes. II. Rhynocoris, p. 572.

dd. Legs and antennae strikingly annulate with black and yellow
rings; joint 3 of antennae longer than 4; joint 1 of beak dis-
tinctly longer than head in front of eyes.

III. PSELLIOPUS, p. 573.

cc. Joint 1 of beak as long as or longer than joint 2.

e. Disk of hind lobe of pronotum armed with four prominent spines.
/. Apical angles of ends of ventrals 3 — 5 not prolonged; third

joint of antennae of male not enlarged and flattened; cheeks
with a long erect acute spine behind the base of each antenna.
g. Hind portion of head, as viewed from the side, gradually nar-
rowed into a neck; spines of cheeks pale, their length less
than half the interocular width; elytra wholly pale.

IV. ROCCONOTA, p. 575.

gg. Hind portion of head at its middle suddenly constricted into a

neck; spines of cheeks black, nearly as long as interocular

width; elytra in great part black. V. Repipta, p. 576.

//. Apical angles of ends of ventrals 3 — 5 prolonged backwards

into distinct spines ; male with basal half of third antennal

much enlarged and flattened; cheeks with a short, acute erect

spine. VI. Atrachelus, p. 577.

ee. Disk of hind lobe of pronotum without spines or with very short

ones.

h. Apex of femora without spines; hind portion of head usually

suddenly constricted into a neck some distance behind the

eyes; body not linear; elytra often much abbreviated.

VII. Fitchia, p. 578.
hh. Apex of femora armed each side with a short slender spine;
hind portion of head gradually narrowed to base; body linear;
elytra always entire. VIII. Doldina, p. 580.

act. Sides of mesosternum with a small tubercle or fold in front near
hind angles of prosternum; joint 1 of beak longer than front por-
tion of head (Tribe Harpactorini) .

568 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

i. Front femora but little if at all thickened, not spinous, but slightly
granulated ; pronotum produced backward over the scutellum and
with a high median tuberculate ridge; form very robust.

IX. Arilus, p. 581.

it, Front femora much thickened, armed with numerous spines and

densely granulated; pronotum not prolonged over the scutellum

and without a high median ridge; form slender.

;'. Front tibiae unarmed; front femora without a subapical spine

above. X. Acholla, p. 583.

jj. Front tibia? with long spines on the lower side; front femora

armed above with a stout, preapical spine (fig. 145, a).

XI. Sinea, p. 584.

I. Zelus Fabricius, 1803, 281.

A large genus of elongate, slender species having the head
nearly as long as pronotum, subcylindrical ; eyes small, not
prominent; ocelli small, not elevated on a tubercle; antennas
very slender, inserted on the ends of their basal tubercles,
joints 1 and 3 elongate, usually subequal, 2 usually shortest,
about one-third the length of 3, 4 shorter than 3 ; pronotum
about as wide at base as long, narrowed in front, its hind lobe
often spinose ; scutellum with an obtuse V-shaped ridge on
basal half; elytra entire; abdomen with sides subparallel ; front
legs long and slender, their tibiae beset with numerous fine stiff
hairs. Genital plate of male scoop-shaped, the protruding
claspers usually prominent. Other characters as in key.

More than 70 species of Zelus have been described, mostly
from tropical America, many of them based on color char-
acters alone. Ten have been recorded from North America,
six of which are known from the eastern states. Our species,
when first captured, usually have the front legs thickly covered
with pollen grains, bits of petals, small seeds and other minute
parts of plants; also adherent to the hairs between the front
tibiae and femora, numerous dead bodies of plant lice, rove
beetles and other small insects, the juices of which have served
them as food. It is probable, therefore, that they explore the
heads of flowers with their fore legs in search of such prey and
that the particles of the plants and insects become attached by
a viscid secretion exuded by the hairs.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ZELUS.

a. Hind lobe and lateral angles of pronotum without spines. (Sub-
genus Zelus).
b. Femora, basal joints of antenna?, and elytra in great part, black;
hind portion of head with two black stripes. 540. bilobus.

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELIN^E. 569

66. Femora, antennae and elytra pale; body more slender.

541. CERVICALIS.
aa. Hind lobe of pronotum armed with two or more spines.

c. Lateral angles of hind lobe of pronotum armed with a prominent
outward projecting- spine, the disk unarmed ; front lobe of prono-
tum sulcate at middle, hind lobe finely rugose, not sulcate. (Sub-
genus Diplocodus). 542. exsanguis.
cc. Both lateral angles and disk of hind lobe of pronotum armed with
short tubercles or spines. (Subgenus Pindus).
d. Front lobe of pronotum piceous, hind one paler; femora dull yel-
low, their apical halves in part fuscous; dorsal ridges of hind
lobe of pronotum distinct.
e. Femora with a single dark ring on apical half. 543. SOCIUS.
ee. Femora with two dark rings. 544. AUDAX.
dd. Both lobes of pronotum concolorous; femora olive-brown through-
out; dorsal ridges of hind lobe of pronotum scarcely evident.

545. ANGUSTATUS.

540 (768). Zelus bilobus Say, 1832, 12; I, 306.

Elongate, subparallel; robust for the genus. General color orange-
yellow; joints 1 and 2 of antennae, disk of hind lobe of pronotum, basal
half of elytra except the extreme base, membrane, beak except basal
joint and femora and tibia?, black; joints 3 and 4 of antennae and tarsi
dark brown. Hind lobe of head rather strongly constricted behind its
middle. Pronotum broader behind and less narrowed in front than in
our other species; front lobe convex, sulcate at middle, its front angles
nodulose; hind lobe subdepressed, its humeral angles obtusely rounded.
Other characters as under generic heading. Length, 15 — 18 mm.

Frequent throughout Florida, November — April; at hand
from nine stations, including Ormond and Key West and re-
corded from 20 others. Taken by sweeping herbs and low
shrubs along roadsides and in open pine woods; also from
beneath loose bark of dead oak, where it was hibernating in
small colonies, and by beating bunches of Spanish moss. Its
distribution is southern, ranging from North Carolina to
Florida and Texas. While it is a striking and easily recognized
species, nothing has been recorded regarding its habits.

541 (770). Zelus cervicalis Stal, 1872, 90.

Elongate, very slender. Dull straw-yellow; sides of head, espe-
cially the hind lobe, with two fuscous stripes; basal lobe of pronotum,
scutellum and clavus usually more or less tinged with fuscous; dorsal
surface of abdomen in part red. Hind lobe of head with sides sub-
parallel throughout. Pronotum gradually feebly narrowed from base to
apex; front lobe impressed at middle of base, its front angles ending
in small tubercles, disk of hind lobe with three wide shallow grooves; its
humeral angles obtusely rounded, slightly nodulose. Length, 11 — 14 mm.
(Fig. 141).

570

FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^:.

This is the most common Reduviid in Florida, having been
taken by me at nearly all collecting stations and recorded from

many others. At hand also
from Agricultural College,
Miss. (Weed). From No-
vember to April it occurs in
Florida on weeds and low
shrubs in old fields and
along roadsides or on tall
dead grasses along the mar-
gins of ponds; usually on
some plant whose colors
blend with its hues. The
whole front part of the
body, including head, legs
and antennae, are often al-
most concealed by the de-
bris which it has accumu-
1 a t e d in its foraging.
Ranges from Virginia
southwest to Florida, Texas,
California and Mexico.

(Original).

542 (771). Zelus exsanguis (Stal), 1862, 452.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Greenish-yellow fading to dull straw-
yellow; head, hind lobe of pronotum and scutellum sometimes fuscous or
even black; spines of humeral angles usually in part or wholly black,
membrane pale brown. Second antennal longer than in our other species,
nearly half the length of first. Hind portion of head gradually taper-
ing backwards. Pronotum as in key, its front angles nodulose; hind
lobe subhexagonal, broader than usual. Length, 15 — 17 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 10 — Dec. 11 (W.S.B.).
Ashland, Mass., May 2 ( Frost) . Occurs in summer on low herb-
age in dense upland woods or on foliage of shrubs, especially
the staghorn sumac, along woodland paths and roadsides; in
fall on the ground beneath cover and possibly hibernates as
imago. It is our most widely distributed Zelus, ranging from
Quebec and New England west to the Pacific and south to
Florida, Mexico and Panama. The only Florida record is that
of Uhler (1878, 428) without definite station. It varies much
in color and in the length of the spines of humeral angles, these
sometimes mere tubercles. The males are more often black
above than the females, and have the basal half of first anten-

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELIN^E. 571

nal somewhat thickened and genital segment ending in a short
decurved spine. About Buffalo, N. Y., Van Duzee found it
"not uncommon on small trees in May and June, reaching
maturity about June 1st." The previous records in this coun-
try have been mostly under the name of Diploda luridus Stal, a
synonym. The Darbanus georgioe and D. palliatus Provancher
(1887, 181, 182) are placed by Van Duzee (1912, 324) as
synonyms of exsanguis.

543 (774). Zelus SOCIUS Uhler, 1872, 420.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Fuscous-black or dull brownish-yel-
low; hind portion of head often with a narrow median line and a small
spot behind each eye yellowish; hind lobe of pronotum paler than front
one, the edge of its side and hind margins yellowish-white; apex of scutel-
lum yellowish; elytra fuscous-brown, the main nervures and narrow
costal margin often in part paler; femora dull yellow, the apical fourth
fuscous, the two hues on front femora usually separated by a paler ring;
under surface fuscous with a median pale line or stripe on abdomen and
spots on sides reddish-bi-own, rarely wholly of that hue. Hind portion
of head gradually and feebly narrowed. Pronotum subcampanulate, its
front lobe with a rather wide median impression on its basal half; hind
lobe with four low but rather acute carina?, each terminating in a small
erect conical tubercle. Length, 13 — 15 mm.

Miller, Lake Co., Ind., June 27 — July 18 (Gerhard) ; beaten
from pine. Lakehurst, N. J., July 30 — Sept. 6 (Davis). Aber-
deen and Southern Pines, N. Car., March — June (Brimley).
Ranges from Quebec and New England west to Utah, Idaho
and California and south to Florida, Texas and Arizona. Re-
corded from Crescent City and Allen River to Deep Lake, Fla.,
but these records probably refer to angustatus Hussey. Hart
(1907, 237) states that in northwestern Illinois it is "common
on Rhus aromatica in June and on Mesodenia atriplicifclia flowers in
August."

544 (_). Zelus audax Banks, 1910a, 325.

General color dull brownish-yellow; vertex fuscous with a pale stripe
each side; head behind eyes black, the median carina and sides yellow;
front lobe of pronotum piceous-brown ; membrane whitish-hyaline, the
veins brownish; beak dark brown; legs dull yellow, coxa? fuscous, apical
halves of femora with two brown rings ; tarsi and tips of tibia? fuscous.
Antenna? dull yellow, the incisures fuscous; joint 1 as long as head and
pronotum united, 2 and 4 subequal, each about one-third the length of 1,
3 one-third longer than 1. Head without antenniferous spines. Hind
lobe of pronotum with rather wide median and lateral grooves, the ridges
separating them ending behind in four distinct obtuse tubercles. Length,
13—14 mm.

572 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIIDjE.

Vienna, Va., July 24 (Barber). Falls Church, Va., July 24
(Banks) . Ranges from Ontario and New England southwest
to Virginia.

545 ( — ). Zelus angustatus Hussey, 1925, 66.

Elongate, subparallel. Brownish-yellow, more or less tinged with
fuscous, sparsely clothed above, thickly beneath, with white scale-like
hairs; veins of corium and margins of connexivum dull yellow; head and
outer half of corium fuscous-brown; membrane whitish-hyaline, feebly
iridescent, the veins dull yellow; legs brownish-yellow, thickly pilose.
Antennal joints 1 and 2 and base of 3 brownish-yellow, remainder paler;
joint 1 nearly three times as long as head, two and one-half times as
long as 2, 3 nearly twice the length of 2, 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Head
about as long as pronotum, hind lobe feebly and gradually narrowed
from eyes to base, transverse interocular groove feebly impressed, median
longitudinal carina very fine. Pronotum one-fourth longer than wide at
base, hind lobe one-half longer than front one, its spines rather short
and blunt. Length, 14 mm.

Gainesville, Fla., December; type male (Hussey). Recorded
only from there. Allied to Z. soeius, but readily distinguished
by the characters given in key, by the covering of whitish
tomentose scales, the more shallow transverse impressions of
head and pronotum, and the longer first antennal.

II. Rhynocoris Hahn, 1834, 20.

Small elongate-oval species having the front lobe of head dis-
tinctly longer than hind one ; basal joint of antennae nearly
twice the length of head, 2 and 4 subequal, 3 shortest ; front
lobe of pronotum very short with a large fovea at its base ;
apex of scutellum narrowly rounded ; elytra slightly surpass-
ing tip of abdomen ; connexivum widely exposed, strongly re-
curved ; legs with numerous stiff erect hairs. Two species oc-
cur in North America, one in our territory.

546 (777). Rhynocoris ventralis (Say), 1832, 31; I, 355.

Elongate-oval. Head, antenna?, disk of hind lobe of pronotum, scutel-
lum, sterna, sides of ventrals 1 — 4, and legs, except coxae, black, shining;
front lobe of pronotum in great part, margins of hind lobe, corium,
coxa? and abdomen, dull red; clavus and membrane brown; connexivum
red, the base of each segment black. Second joint of beak strongly com-
pressed, as long as the others united. Length, 10.5 — 11.5 mm.

Mineral Springs, Ind., and Palos Park, 111., June 25 — July 5
(Gerhard). It is a member of the Transition Life Zone, its
main distribution extending from New England west to Ne-
braska, British Columbia, Utah and California. Say recorded

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELIN^. 573

it from "Missouri" when that name included most of the north-
west. Taken in Colorado on alfalfa.

III. Pselliopus Bergroth, 1905, 112.

Rather stout species of medium size having the front lobe
of the head about as long as hind one exclusive of the neck,
hind lobe subglobose, abruptly constricted about its middle;
antennae inserted above and in front of eyes, joints 1 and 3
subequal, each one-half longer than 2, 4 shortest, about one-
half the length of 3 ; pronotum constricted in front of middle,
its disk convex, front angles tuberculate, humeral angles armed
with a short spine, hind margin in front of scutellum with a
very wide notch or indentation ; scutellum with apex more or
less flattened and obtusely rounded ; elytra reaching or slightly
surpassing tip of abdomen ; connexivum widely exposed, strong-
ly reflexed. Male with last dorsal and ventral united to en-
close the convex suborbicular genital plate, the apex of which
is armed with an erect or oblique spine. About a dozen species
are known, mostly from tropical America, three occurring in
our territory. They have been mostly described or recorded
under the name Milyas Stal, which was shown by Bergroth to
be preoccupied.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OP PSELLIOPUS.

a. Disks of both front and hind lobes of pronotum smooth, unarmed;
tibia? annulate throughout their length.
b. Basal margin of pronotum within the wide notch in front of scutel-
lum bisinuate; short black spine of humeral angles of pronotum
projected slightly beyond the angle and directed backwards; gen-
eral color dull orange-yellow, more or less tinged with fuscous.

547. CINCTUS.
bb. Basal margin of pronotum in front of scutellum truncate or straight
across ; short black spine of humeral angles not projected beyond
the angle and directed outwards; general color a bright orange-
yellow. 548. BARBERI.
aa. Front lobe of pronotum setose and beset with 10 — 12 distinct obtuse
tubercles; hind lobe with numerous small setose tubercles or
granules ; tibiae annulate only toward base. 549. latifasciatus.

547 (779). Pselliopus cinctus (Fabricius), 1777, 302.

Oblong-ovate. Dull orange-yellow with a slight fuscous tinge; head,
and often the front lobe of pronotum, in great part black; legs and
joints 1 and 2 of antennae dull white annulate with numerous black rings;
joints 3 and 4 of antenna? pale brown; scutellum with basal half in large
part black, apical half whitish; connexivum with an oblong or triangular

574 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIIDjE.

black spot behind each incisure; basal joint of beak with three black
spots each side. Apex of genital plate of male with a short obtuse erect
spine. Length, 12 — 13 mm. (Fig. 142).

Lawrence, Crawford and Perry counties, Ind., June 11 — Sept.
24. Sanford and Dunedin, Fla., Jan.
2— April 3. Sherborn, Mass., Sept. 20
(Frost). Taken by sweeping herbage
along roadsides. This species is much
less common in Indiana than is barberi,
having been found only in the Lower
Austral Life Zone of the southern third
of the State. Its general range is ap-
*> 6 parently more southern than that of

Pig. 141'. X 2, a, adult; //.beak. , , • u , • „„„ , n ,, , ,.

(After Riley). barberi, but on account ol the long time

confusion of the two forms is difficult
to state. Van Duzee gives it as New England west to Colorado
and Wyoming and south to Florida, Oklahoma and Texas, but
the more northern of the records upon which his distribution
notes are based should undoubtedly in part be referred to
barberi. It has been heretofore recorded in Florida only from
Crescent City and Jacksonville. Uhler (1878, 427) states that
"near the seacoast of New Jersey it is sometimes met with in
great numbers on the small oak and hickory trees," and later
(1884, 282) says that "the eggs are often glued to the bark of
pine trees and covered by a waterproof gum which effectually
excludes the rain, dries and hardens, and does not incommode
the young when they push up the lid-like ends to make their
way out." The amount of black on the front lobe of pronotum
varies from a mere central dash in Indiana specimens to the
covering of the greater part of the disk in some of those from
Florida.

548 (780). Pselliopus barberi Davis, 1912, 21.

Form of ductus, but averaging slightly larger. Bright orange-yel-
low ; head above black with a yellow spot on vertex ; pronotum with only
the tubercles on humeral angles and a small lunate spot on margin
behind them black; black of scutellum confined to the area bounded by the
V-shaped ridge of base, often wholly wanting; legs and antennse an-
nulate with black as in ductus; connexivum with black spots as there.
Apical half of scutellum less flattened, its tip more narrowly rounded,
the disk with a well defined carina extending from the apex of the basal
V to tip. Genital plate of male with apical spine longer, more acute
and directed obliquely forward. Length, 12.5—14 mm.

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELIN^E. 575

Frequent in the southern half of Indiana, not taken north of
Marion County, April 10— Oct. 11 (IF. S. B.) . Springfield, Mo.,
April 5 (Davis). Raleigh, N. Car., Oct. 29 (Brimley). In In-
diana it is occasionally taken by sweeping herbage in dense
woodland during the summer, but in April is often found mat-
ing and in small colonies in the crevices of the bark of living
black-oak and elm trees, and in autumn is gregarious beneath
cover along fence rows and in high open woodlands. The
known range extends from Maryland and Virginia west to
Kansas and southwest to North Carolina and Texas. A little
experience will soon enable one to separate this form from
ductus by color alone, but the other characters given in the key
and descriptions are stable and easily seen. Regarding the
North Carolina specimens at hand Brimley wrote : "Mr. Sher-
man took over 100 under the bark of a dead pine near here on
Oct. 29, 1900, and we have not seen one since."

549 ( — ). Pselliopus latifasciatus Barber, 1924a, 211.

Oblong-ovate. General color dull yellow; tylus, a stripe behind each
eye and two forming a Greek cross on vertex, shining black; corium and
membrane fuscous-brown, a vague median spot on front lobe of pronotum
and another on base of scutellum, blackish; connexivals yellow with nar-
row edge blackish, front half of each with an obclavate brownish spot;
antennae, femora and basal third of tibiae annulate with shining black
and dull yellow; ventrals 2 — 5 with a small round black spot each side.
Joint 1 of antennae twice as long as 3, 2 and 4 subequal, each slightly
shorter than 3. Pronotum with tubercles and setae as in key, its front
and hind angles ending in short horizontal obtuse spines, those of the
former directed outward, of the latter backward; hind margin within
the notch in front of scutellum feebly bisinuate. Terminal genital of
male entire, its apex ending in a short stout obtuse process. Length,
11 — 11.5 mm.

Plummer's Island, Md., July 27 (Barber) . Known from Mary-
land, Virginia, Colorado, Louisiana and Texas.

IV. Rocconota Stal, 1859b, 366.

Elongate-oval species of medium size having the transverse
impression of head deep, front lobe almost as long as hind one
and armed as in key, hind lobe rather strongly tapering from
the eyes ; ocelli large, well separated ; pronotum subcampanu-
late, its front lobe sulcate at middle, hind one with three wide
shallow groves and armed with four prominent spines ; scutel-
lum small, with a V-shaped basal ridge, this enclosing a fovea,
the apical spine short ; elytra entire ; connexivum narrowly ex-

576 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIHLE.

posed; legs slender, subequal in length, the front femora slight-
ly swollen ; tibiae beset with numerous fine erect hairs. Genital
plate of male suborbicular, convex, its apex with a short slen-
der erect spine. One of the six known species occurs with us,
the others in tropical America.

550 (791). Rocconota annulicornis (Stal), 1872, 77.

Elongate-oval, rather stout. Dull reddish- or straw-yellow, rather
thickly clothed with a fine yellow pubescence; head tinged with fuscous;
joint 1 of antennae annulate with two broad brownish rings; 2 and 3 pale
at base; spines of pronotum blackish at base, yellow above; femora with
a vague brownish ring near apex and tibiae usually with one near base;
incisures of connexivum and a broad bar behind them dark brown. Joint
1 of antennae as long as head and pronotum united, twice the length of
2, 3 nearly as long as 1, 4 shorter than 2. Pronotum with side margins
feebly sinuate, disk of front lobe rugose. Abdomen in both sexes feebly
widened behind the middle, the apical angle of first ventral prolonged as
a short spine. Length, 16 — 20 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 7—11 (W.S.B.). Mobile, Ala., Aug.
27— Sept. 8 (Gerhard). Raleigh, N. Car., Aug. 25 (Brimley).
Montgomery Co., Md., June (Davis). Not before known from
Florida. The Dunedin specimens were beaten from foliage
along the margins of a dense wet hammock. Stal's types were
from Texas and Mexico and it has since been recorded in this
country only from New Jersey.

V. Repipta Stal, 1859b, 366.

Rather small, elongate slender species differing from Rocco-
nota only by the characters given in key, and in having the
front lobe of head as long as hind one, the latter suddenly con-
stricted about its middle ; pronotum shorter, its front lobe less
narrowed ; front femora not swollen ; apical angles of ventrals
not prolonged. About 15 species are known, mostly from trop-
ical America, three occurring in this country, one in our ter-
ritory.

551 (786). Repipta taurus (Fabricius), 1803, 291.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Orange-red or yellow; hind lobe of
pronotum with four stripes and the spines black ; corium and clavus
black or fuscous, the costal margin pale; membrane fuscous-brown,
translucent; joints 1 and 2 of antennae and femora black; apical joints
of antennae, tibiae and tarsi fuscous-brown. Spines of head and pronotum
long and slender. Joint 3 of antennae one-fourth longer than 1, 2 short-
est, one-fourth the length of 3, 4 about twice as long as 2. Hind lobe of

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELI1SLE.

577

pronotum subhexagonal, its lateral angles obtusely rounded. Males
with third antennal slightly thickened for two-thirds its length and gen-
ital plate armed with a short erect
tooth at apex. Length, 11 — 13 mm.
(Fig. 143).

Sanford and Dunedin, Fla.,
Dec. 19 — April 14. Frequent
about Dunedin in early spring
on low vegetation in moist
grounds ; hibernates beneath
bark, in bunches of Spanish
moss and beneath chunks along
the margins of ponds. Record-
ed from eight additional Flor-
ida stations as far south as
Lake Worth and Charlotte Har-
bor. Its known range extends
from Pennsylvania and south-
ern Illinois southwest to Flor-
ida, Texas, Mexico and Guate-
mala. Recorded also from
southern Colorado.

Fig. 143, X 2. (Original)

VI. Atrachelus Amyot & Serville, 1843, 374.

Small elongate-oblong species, having the front lobe of head
shorter than hind one, the latter gradually tapering from the
eyes backward ; pronotum short, not greatly narrowed in front,
its disk with two obtuse ridges extending back from middle
of front lobe nearly to base of hind one and ending in two
rather stout suberect spines, the humeral angles each with a
similar spine ; scutellum small, with the usual basal V-shaped
ridge, its apex obtuse ; elytra reaching tip of abdomen ; con-
nexivum narrowly exposed ; legs slender, the front femora un-
armed, moderately swollen, a little shorter than hind ones.
Genital plate of male oblong-oval, convex, its apex unarmed.
Three species are known, one from Argentina, a second from
Panama, the third occurring in our territory. Fracker in his
key (1913, 224) has erroneously placed this genus under the
section having the "pronotum unarmed on the disc."

552 (792). Atrachelus cinereus (Fabricius), 1796, 545.

Elongate-oblong, slender. Dull brownish-yellow, that of front lobe
of pronotum darker; above except membrane thickly clothed with pros-

578 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

trate ash-gray pubescence; antenna? dull yellow, the basal joint in part
darker; membrane f uscous-brown ; connexivals each with an oblong
blackish spot; legs fuscous-brown; meso- and metasterna fuscous; ab-
domen dull yellow, the sides usually with a blackish stripe. Male with
thickened portion of third antennal blackish; abdomen with sides more
parallel than in female. Length, 7 — 8 mm.

Ormond, Dunedin and Key West, Fla., Feb. 14 — April 16.
About Dunedin it occurs on foliage of oak and on tall grasses
and other herbage along the margins of ponds. Recorded from
numerous other stations in Florida. Ranges from Pennsyl-
vania west to Michigan and southwest to Florida, Texas, Cuba,
Mexico and Guatemala. It is one of the smallest of our Redu-
viids and is easily recognized by the prolonged apical angles of
connexivum, unarmed front femora, small size and dull gray
color.

VII. Fitchia Stal, 1859b, 367.

Medium sized rather slender species having the front lobe of
head slightly shorter than hind one, armed above near base of
antennae with two short erect tubercles ; ocelli very small, wide-
ly separated ; eyes of moderate size, not prominent ; joint 1 of
antennae one-fourth longer than 3, 2 shortest, 4 one-half or
more the length of 3 ; pronotum with transverse constriction
feeble, its sides gradually converging from the base, front lobe
with an ill-defined median groove, disk of hind one rugose, its
humeral angles rounded, convex above ; apex of scutellum end-
ing in a short compressed upcurved spine ; elytra usually
strongly abbreviated, scarcely reaching second dorsal, when
entire reaching tip of abdomen ; connexivum strongly reflexed ;
abdomen of female much widened beyond base with sides
broadly rounded, of male much less widened behind ; front
femora moderately swollen, about as long as hind ones, un-
armed beneath, both they and tibiae beset with numerous fine
stiff erect hairs. Two species are known, both occurring in our
territory.

KEY TO SPECIES OF FITCHIA.

a. Hind lobe of pronotum without spines or tubercles; hind lobe of
head gradually tapering from the eyes. 553. aptera.

aa. Hind lobe of pronotum with two very short spines or conical tuber-
cles on disk and one above each humeral angle; hind lobe of head
suddenly constricted behind its middle. 554. spinosula.

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELIN^. 579

553 (789). Fitchia aptera Stal, 1859b, 371.

Elongate, slender, wider behind middle. Dull straw-yellow; head,
margins of front lobe of pronotum and scutellum tinged with fuscous;
middle of dorsal surface of abdomen and middle and sides of ventral
surface each with a rather wide fuscous-brown stripe. Joint 4 of an-
tennae one-half the length of 3. Disk of front lobe of pronotum with
two broad obtuse ridges, these not extending back onto hind lobe. Other
characters as under generic heading. Length, 12 — 14 mm.

Lake and Pulaski counties, Ind., April 10 — May 12 ; one speci-
men from each. Taken from beneath boards in sandy upland
fields (W.S.B.). Aberdeen, N. Car., April 14 (Brimley). Ash-
land, Mass., May 2 (Frost). A species of wide distribution but
nowhere common, its range extending from Maine west to Utah
and south and southwest to Oklahoma and Texas. In New
Jersey and New York it occurs in summer on bushes or beneath
boards in salt meadows and under hillside stones in spring. Gil-
lette and Baker (1895, 59) reported it as "common near Ft. Col-
lins, Colo., and in the adjoining foothills during winter, under
stones and boards." Two of the five specimens at hand are
brachypterous, and the winged one from North Carolina has the
apical fifth of all femora piceous-brown. The past records have
mostly been under the name Fitchia nigro-vittata Stal, a synonym.

554 (790). Fitchia spinosula Stal, 1872, 79.

Of the same form as aptera but averaging longer. Color much the
same, the pronotum sometimes with a vague fuscous stripe each side
extending back onto hind lobe and the dark stripes of under surface
better denned; the dark median stripe of dorsum in the wingless form
more prominent. Joint 4 of antennae three-fourths the length of 3.
Pronotum with ridges of front lobe extending back onto hind one, the
disk of latter more strongly rugose, its two median tubercles widely
separated and placed near the hind margin. Other characters as in key.
Length, 13—16 mm.

Vigo Co., Ind., May 3. Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Dec.
13 — Feb. 15; sifted from bases of clumps of grass (W. S. B.).
Recorded also from Newberry, Fla. Mobile, Ala., Jan. 7 (Ger-
hard) . Southern Pines, N. Car., January (Brimlcx). Lake-
hurst, N. J., April 30 (Davis). Ranges from Long Island, N.
Y., and Indiana south and west to Florida and Texas. Record-
ed also by Uhler (1876, 327) from Colorado, but that record is
doubtful. Five of the eight specimens at hand are brachyp-
terous. As Stal states it is: "/// omnibus partibus corporis non-
nihil lougiorc" than aptera, the legs and antennae being nota-
bly so.

580 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

VIII. Doldina Stal, 1859b, 366.

Elongate, linear species having the front lobe of head only
half the length of hind one; ocelli small, not elevated on a
tubercle ; joint 1 of beak slightly longer than 2 ; pronotum sub-
cylindrical, the transverse constriction very feeble, its front
lobe but slightly narrower than hind one, the front margin con-
cave, humeral angles, in our species, each armed with a very
short erect spine; scutellum elongate-triangular, its basal half
with an obtuse V-shaped ridge ; elytra reaching middle of last
dorsal; connexivum not exposed; front femora feebly swollen,
a little shorter than hind ones, the latter reaching base of
sixth dorsal ; front tibiae with a short compressed preapical
tooth ; abdomen with apical angles of ventrals 1 and 2 slightly
prolonged as a short spine. Genital plate of male scoop-shaped,
its apex rounded.

Seven species have been described, three from Brazil by
Stal, one from Antigua by Barber, one from Cuba by Fracker
and Bruner and two from our territory by Bergroth. I can
find no stable characters separating Bergroth's species and so
place them both under one name.

555 (794). Doldina7" interjungens Bergroth, 1913a, 263.

Elongate, very slender. Dull straw-yellow, rather thickly clothed
with a short, fine silky white pubescence; sides of head and scutellum
usually tinged with fuscous ; abdomen often fuscous, both above and
beneath, its ventral surface with a pale margin, sometimes wholly pale;
head and femora rarely suffused with reddish. Joint 1 of antennae reach-
ing apex of scutellum, 2 shortest, less than one-fourth the length of 1,
3 two-thirds the length of 1, twice as long as 4. Pronotum nearly twice
as long as wide at base, its hind lobe finely and densely rugose-punctate
and with three wide vague shallow grooves, the humeral angles each
armed above with a short suberect tubercle or spine. Other characters
as under generic heading. Length, 17 — 19 mm.

Dunedin, Sarasota and R. P. Park, Fla., Nov. 22— April 12.
Frequent on tall dead grasses along the borders of ponds, lakes
and the sloughs of the everglades. The spine of the humeral
angles of pronotum varies in length from a mere tubercle to a
very distinct acute projection. It is usually erect, but some-
times projects strongly outward. The abdomen varies much

70Bergroth has shown (1913a, 263) that the generic names Doldina. Stal and
Hygromystes Stal are synonymous, the former having priority by a year. The sub-
genus Ceballum , proposed by Fracker and Bruner (1924, 172), is also, in my opinion,
a synonym of Doldina and, iudging from the description, their Cuban species Hy-
gromystes armata is very doubtfully distinct from D. interjungens Berg.

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELIN^. 581

in color from almost wholly piceous to entirely pale. Since the
absence of humeral spine and the pale abdomen are the two
main characters used by Bergroth in separating his pratermissa
described from Florida from his interjungens from North Caro-
lina, and since these characters are variable in all Florida
specimens, I unite the two species under the latter name which
has page priority. Its known range extends in the coast-wise
states from Maryland to Florida. The types of prcetermissa
were from Charlotte Harbor, Fla., and British Honduras, and
Barber has since recorded it from Ft. Myers, Everglade, St.
Augustine and Georgiana, Fla.

IX. Arilus Burmeister, 1835, 227.

Very large, stout-bodied species, having the front lobe of
head only about half the length of hind one, armed with a
short, stout curved spine in front of base of antennae, hind lobe
subcylindrical, but feebly narrowed backward ; ocelli small,
widely separated ; pronotum with main transverse constriction
at apical third, the front lobe constricted again near apex, its
front angles bearing a large conical tubercle ; hind lobe with
center of disk compressed and elevated to form a high arched
median crest, this armed above with eight or more short, ob-
tuse, shining blackish tubercles; hind margin prolonged back-
ward over scutellum, forked at apex, humeral angles subtrun-
cate, armed behind with a backward projecting tooth ; elytra
narrow, reaching tip of abdomen ; connexivum widely exposed,
strongly reflexed ; front femora moderately swollen, slightly
shorter than hind ones, unarmed beneath ; both they and tibiae
beset with short stiff erect hairs. Four species are known, all
from tropical or subtropical America, one extending northward
into our territory.

In the members of this and the following genera each side
of the mesosternum is armed with a very small conical tubercle
and the presence or absence of such a flimsy character is used
by Stal and subsequent authors as the basis for separating
the subfamily into two tribes, or, in other words, is the pri-
mary character of their key to genera. Stal admits (1874, 6)
that "this tubercle, although usually more or less distinctly
elevated, is nevertheless at times, when the pectus is densely
sericeous, difficult to distinguish."

582

FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

556 (796). Arilus cristatus (Linnaeus), 1763, 16.

Elongate-oval, very robust. Color a nearly uniform dark fuscous-
brown, everywhere except on membrane thickly clothed with short fine
grayish pubescence; antennas, beak, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown.
Joints 1 and 3 of antennae subequal in length, 2 and 4 also subequal,
each about one-third the length of 3. Joint 1 of beak slightly longer
than 2 and 3 united. Crest of pronotum with eight to twelve tubercles,
the two or three in front usually bilobed ; sides of pronotum behind the
humeral angles not dilated. Margins of the abdomen distinctly sinuate.
Length, 28—36 mm. (Fig. 144).

Fig. 144. Eggs, nymphs and adults, the latter life size. (After Riley).

Knox, Posey, Crawford and Jefferson counties, Ind., June 10
—Oct. 27; Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., March 25— Dec. 12.
The four Indiana specimens at hand were taken while resting
on dead leaves, either on the ground or on shrubs along path-
ways in hillside woods. Two of those from Dunedin were taken
at light ; three were beaten from bunches of dead leaves, while
the Park specimen was swept from roadside herbage. But two
of the nine are males. This is the well-known "wheel-bug" of
the southern states, so called on account of the peculiar semi-
circular crest of the pronotum. Its known range extends from
New York west to southern Illinois and southwest to Florida,
Oklahoma, Texas, Mexico and Guatemala. Barber records it

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELIN^. 583

from seven stations in Florida, including Jacksonville and Ft.
Myers. The Reduvius novenarius Say (I, 71) is a synonym.
Uhler (1876, 327; 1884, 282) states that:

"In Maryland it dwells upon small pine trees and makes havoc with
the caterpillars and other insects which come within its reach. Both
sexes are formidable blood-sucking insects, able to conquer their neigh-
bors of whatever order, and not at all backward in punishing man for
sitting next their favorite trees. They glue their eggs to the bark of
linden and other trees in our southern parks and gardens, extruding at
the same time a gummy cement, which keeps the eggs in condition
throughout all the bad weather of winter."

Seiss states (Ent. News, 1896, 58) that a captive specimen
of A. cristatus was fed a red-legged grasshopper, Mclanoplus
fcmur-nibnim, which struggled violently when first seized, but
almost instantly, after being pierced by the beak of the bug,
its struggles ceased and in thirty seconds the grasshopper was
dead. A "yellow-bear" caterpillar two inches in length lost all
evidences of life and motion in thirty-five seconds after being
seized by the bug.

X. Acholla Stal, 1862, 445.

Slender-bodied Reduviids of medium size having the front
lobe of head shorter than hind one and armed above with six to
ten short, stout erect spines, hind lobe narrowed in front of
middle to form a long subcylindrical neck ; pronotum with a
broad deep transverse constriction, the narrower front lobe
with two small discal tubercles and several along each side
margin, hind lobe densely rugose-granulate, its humeral angles
subacute ; scutellum with an obtuse basal V-shaped ridge, its
apex rounded ; elytra reaching tip of abdomen ; connexivum
narrowly exposed, strongly reflexed, its margin sinuate, male,
broadly exposed and angulate at middle, female ; front legs as
in generic key, their femora subequal to hind ones in length,
but much stouter. Genital plate of male suborbicular, convex,
its apex armed with a short, stout spine. Three species are
known, all from North America, one occurring in the eastern
states.

557 (797). Acholla multispinosa (De Geer), 1773, 348.

Elongate, widest behind the middle. Dull brownish-yellow or fus-
cous-brown, sparsely clothed with short grayish pubescence; legs and
basal joints of antenna? vaguely annulate with brown and yellow; con-
nexivum fuscous, its incisures pale. Joint 1 of beak subequal to 2.
Antennae inserted on front of head, joint 1 longest, 3 one-half the

584

FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

length of 1, 2 and 4 subequal, each one-third shorter than 3. Front
lobe of pronotum granulate, its disk with a deep groove on basal half.
Length, 12—16 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, July 14 — Oct. 27. In summer
occurs on foliage of various shrubs and herbs along roadsides
and pathways of open woods, both nymphs and adults being
especially common on that of Cratagus and wild rye in August ;
in autumn on boles of trees or crawling along the bare ground
in open places. Ranges from Ontario and New England west
to Wisconsin and Colorado and south and southwest to Kansas
and Arizona. Not recorded from the southern states. Van
Duzee records it as occurring in numbers on oak near Buffalo,
N. Y., and Hussey on hickory in Michigan.

Fig. 145. a, front leg ; c, hind portion of body of female of Sinea diadema
(Fabr. ) ; b, side view of head and pronotum of S. sanguisuga Stal ; d, hind portion of
body of same. (After Caudell).

XI. Sinea Amyot & Serville, 1843, 375.

Differs from Acholla mainly by the characters given in key,
the front femora being armed above with a single long spine
and both they and the tibiae beneath with two rows of shorter
ones (fig. 145, a) . The head is armed as there and the humeral
angles of pronotum are usually more acute. About a dozen
species are known, all from America, four of which occur in
the eastern states. The genus has been monographed by
Caudell (1901).

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF SINEA.

a. Disk of front lobe of pronotum armed with spines ; margins of ab-
domen prominently scalloped or undulate, female (fig. 145, c) ;
entire or feebly undulate, male. 558. diadema.

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELIN^E. 585

aa. Disk of front lobe of pronotum armed only with tubercles; margins
of abdomen entire in both sexes (fig. 145, d) .
b. Ventrals, especially the fourth, without pale spots; membrane
without a dark median stripe on apical third ; basal joint of
antenna? with one or two pale rings ; general color reddish-
brown.
c. Segments of connexivum reddish-brown, the fourth and fifth not
conspicuously darker; basal pair of anteocular spines nearly
or fully twice as long as the apical pair (fig. 145, b) ; smaller,
length less than 12 mm. 559. SANGUISUGA.

cc. Fourth and basal halves of fifth and sixth connexivals distinctly
darker than the others; basal pair of anteocular spines not
more than one-half longer than apical pair; larger, length 13
or more mm. 560. spinipes.

bb. Lateral margins of ventrals each with a broad pale spot; apical
third of membrane usually pale with a dark median stripe;
basal joint of antennae not annulate with paler; general color
darker than in the two preceding species. 561. rileyi.

558 (800). Sinea diadema (Fabricius), 1777, 302.

Elongate, subparallel, male; abdomen much wider behind, female.

Reddish- to dark fuscous-brown, sparsely clothed with fine yellowish
pubescence; hind lobe of head, front lobe of pronotum,
scutellum and membrane usually darker than remainder
of upper surface; connexivals dark brown with a pale
spot in front of each incisure; antennas pale brown, the
first joint darker at base; femora fuscous, tibiae and tarsi
paler; abdomen dull yellow mottled with fuscous. Front
lobes of both head and pronotum with numerous erect
spines of unequal length; hind lobe of head with several
Fig. 146, x 2. small tubercles and spines. Hind lobe of pronotum dense-
ly rugosely punctate, its disk, especially in female, bi-

gibbous or with three wide shallow grooves separated by obtuse ridges,

its hind margin fringed with short slender spines. Length, 12 — 14 mm.

(Fig. 146).

Common throughout Indiana, May 30 — Oct. 9. Dunedin,
Fla., Nov. 22. Evidently scarce in that State as but one has
been taken by me and it is recorded by Barber only from Bis-
cayne Bay. In Indiana it is our most common Reduviid, reach-
ing maturity in early June and in July and August swept by
scores from weeds and grasses along roadsides and fallow
fields. In autumn it is frequent on flowers of Composite, espe-
cially thistle and asters, where it has been seen feeding on plant
lice and other insect prey. Its known range includes Quebec,
Ontario, British Columbia and practically the entire United
States and Mexico. Ashmead (1895, 321) states that the eggs

586 FAMILY XIX. — REDUVIID^E.

are deposited m clusters of eight or more on the surface of
leaves, and hatch in ten or twelve days. Uhler states that the
adults rove about in fields and near woods, ascending golden-
rod and other plants and seizing such insects as come within
their range. Hussey (1922a) reports it as extremely abundant
in August on dense growths of tall weeds everywhere in North
Dakota, and again "as the most abundant Reduviid in Mich-
igan, found in all grassy localities from late July till October."

559 (806). Sinea sanguisuga Stal, 1862, 444.

Elongate, slender. Dark reddish- to fuscous-brown; antennae red-
dish-brown, the incisures pale, the basal joint with a pale ring in front
of middle; femora and tibiae sometimes annulate or spotted with pale.
Spines of front lobe of head (fig. 145, b) gradually decreasing in length
from the base. Pronotum with front lobe armed with a number of small
tubercles and with a broad median impression beginning at its middle,
widening behind and ending at middle of hind lobe; humeral angles
obtusely triangular, projected somewhat backward; disk of hind lobe
convex, coarsely reticulate-punctate, its hind margin with a fringe of
small spines. Abdomen widened to apex of fourth segment, where it is
obtusely angulate and dentiform (fig. 145, d) , narrower in male than
female. Margins of connexivals finely serrate. Length, 10 — 13 mm.

Ormond, Sanford, Moore Haven and Dunedin, Fla., scarce,
Nov. 16 — April 15. Occurs in late autumn on flowers of golden-
rod; in spring on weeds along the margins of ponds and road-
sides. Described from Mexico. Known in this country only
from Texas and Florida. Barber does not include it in his
Florida list, but Fracker mentions it from there without definite
locality.

560 (807). Sinea spinipes (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1848, 82.

Elongate, more robust than either sanguisuga or rileyi. Dark red-
dish-brown or fuscous; antennae reddish-brown, the basal joint with two
pale rings; median carina and apex of scutellum dull yellow; corium with
small scattered pale spots; connexivals 2, 3 and 6 each with a large pale
spot, 4 and 5 both in great part or wholly blackish; middle and hind
femora and tibiae annulate with paler. Spines of front portion of head
long and subequal. Pronotum with front lobe more convex than in
sanguisuga, otherwise as there; hind lobe wider, also less convex, its
reticulate punctures more shallow and spine or process of humeral angles
smaller, projecting outward. Apex of scutellum broadly rounded or sub-
truncate. Margins of connexivum entire or minutely tuberculate. Abdo-
men in male less widened to apex of fourth segment, the latter less acute
and without a backward projecting denticle as in sanguisuga. Length,
12—15 mm.

Frequent in the southern half of Indiana, April 25 — Sept. 24,

SUBFAMILY IX. — ZELINJE. 587

not taken north of Marion County. Occurs on foliage of trees
and shrubs along pathways and borders of woods. Dunedin
and LaBelle, Fla., November — April. Hibernates in bunches
of dead leaves and beneath rubbish and swept in spring from
tall weeds in moist places. Recorded from numerous stations
in that State. Its known range extends from Yaphank, N. Y.,
west to southern Illinois and Colorado and southwest to Florida
and Texas. It is a close ally of sanguisuga, the females being
easily distinguished by the subequal spines of head and dark
fourth and fifth connexivals ; the males are more difficult to
separate, but the sides of connexivals are not serrate as in
sanguisuga nor the apex of fourth connexival prolonged back-
ward as there.

561 (808). Sinea rileyi Montandon, 1893, 51.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Dark chestnut- or fuscous-brown,
rather thickly clothed with fine prostrate grayish pubescence; antenna?
dull yellow, the first joint blackish at base; ventrals black, each with a
large whitish spot on the outer apical angle; femora fuscous-brown, the
tibia? paler. Spines on front lobe of head shorter than in our other
species. Pronotum with tubercles and grooves of front lobe as in san-
guisuga; hind lobe with humeral angles ending in a short slender spine
and hind margin with only one or two short spines each side of scutellum.
Abdomen with side margins rounded and sometimes feebly undulate in
female, subparallel, male. Length, 10 — 11 mm.

R. P. Park, Cape Sable and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 22 — April 5.
Van Duzee (1909, 177) mentions it as "taken at nearly all
stations where I collected in Florida." At Dunedin it occurs on
huckleberry and other low shrubs in open pine woods ; also in
dense hammocks. Described from California. Ranges from
North Carolina south and west to Florida, Utah, Texas and
California. The darker color, shorter spines on head, non-
annulate antennas and pale apical half of membrane readily dis-
tinguish it from the two preceding species.

Family XX. NABID^] Costa, 1852, 66.

The Damsel-Bugs.

Elongate-oval or oblong, rather slender species of medium
size having the head stout, shorter than pronotum, its front
portion prolonged in front of eyes and moderately declivent;
ocelli rather large, approximate ; beak 4-jointed, the first joint
very short; antennae 4-, rarely 5-jointed; pronotum subcam-
panulate or subcorneal, usually with a distinct collar ; elytra

588 FAMILY XX. — NABID^E.

either entire and covering the abdomen or abbreviated and
usually not reaching its middle, when entire with clavus and
corium submembranous and membrane large and furnished
with four long veins which near apex give rise to several short
ones ; front legs raptorial, the tibiae armed with setae or minute
spines and in repose fitting closely against the swollen femora ;
tarsi 3-jointed, their claws terminal.

The family is of small size, only 21 species being known from
America north of Mexico. They are predaceous in habits and
occur for the most part on the foliage and flowers of herbs
growing in dense woods or along the margins of ponds, lakes
and streams. Here they wander about in search of plant lice
and soft bodied larvae and nymphs of other plant-feeding in-
sects. They are therefore to be classed as beneficial, though
their numbers are too few to be of great value. Our eastern
species are distributed among two subfamilies. For literature
pertaining to them see Stal, 1873 ; Reuter, 1873, 1873a, 1890,
1908; Champion, 1899; Parshley, 1920, 1923.

KEY TO EASTERN SUBFAMILIES OF XABID.-E.

a. Antennae 5-jointed, the second joint short; front lobe of pronotum
with subapical constriction wanting or very close to front margin,
the collar, therefore, very short; corium and clavus coriaceous,
opaque, the latter not widened behind.

Subfamily I. Prostemmin^e, p. 588.
aa. Antennas 4-jointed, the second joint long; front lobe of pronotum
with subapical constriction placed some distance behind front
margin, the apical collar wide; corium and clavus submembranous
and subtranslucent, the clavus widened opposite apex of scutel-
lum. Subfamily II. Nabin,£, p. 590.

Subfamily I. PROSTEMMINvE Reuter, 1890, 289.

The members of this subfamily are so different in structure
and facies from our other Nabidae that they should be placed
in a family by themselves. Our eastern species have the head
immersed in thorax to eyes ; antennae distinctly 5-jointed, the
second joint only about one-fifth the length of third ; ocelli
very small, placed close to the inner basal margin of the eyes;
pronotum without a distinct collar, the postmedian constriction
vague; elytra in great part coriaceous, commissure shorter
than scutellum ; front femora strongly swollen, shallowly
grooved beneath, the inner margin of the groove beset with
numerous short stout black setae; front tibiae with apical fourth

SUBFAMILY I. — PROSTEMMIN^E. 589

or more widened, compressed and furnished with numerous
short setae, thus forming with the femora a highly specialized
raptorial organ. The subfamily is represented in this country
by two genera, one occurring in the eastern states.

I. Pagasa Stal, 1862, 60.

Black or fuscous shining species having, in addition to char-
acters given above, the eyes large, prominent, coarsely granu-
lated; pronotum longer than broad with a fine straight trans-
verse groove very close to its front margin ; scutellum with two
small median f oveae ; embolium of elytra present ; front and
middle tibiae with a spongy fossa at apex. Two of the eight
known species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PAGASA.

a. Beak reaching middle coxae, joint 2 much longer than 3; clavus of
elytra opaque; apical third of front tibia? much widened on inner
side. 562. pallipes.

aa. Beak reaching front coxa?, joints 2 and 3 subequal in length; elytra
shining throughout; front tibiae angularly widened only on under
side near apex. 563. FUSCA.

562 (815). Pagasa pallipes Stal, 1873, 108.

Elongate-oval. Black, shining; the head and pronotum with a few
widely scattered erect hairs; scutellum, clavus and membrane dull sooty
black; antennae reddish-brown, the outer joints tinged with fuscous; legs
and beak brownish-yellow. Antennae 5-jointed, joint 2 very short, less
than half the length of 1, 3 — 5 subequal, each more than twice the length
of 1. Pronotum campanulate, its transverse constriction near base with
a row of punctures, elsewhere smooth and very shining; sides in front of
constriction rounded and feebly converging, elytra in macropterous forms
reaching tip of abdomen, connexivum broadly exposed, female, narrowly
so, male; in brachypterous form reaching onto third dorsal. Length,
5.5 — 7 mm.

Sanford, Lakeland, Cape Sable and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 21 —
March 29. Occurs sparingly about Dunedin beneath bunches of
weeds, on foliage of oak, etc. Recorded from Newberry, Jack-
sonville and Key Largo, that State. Known elsewhere from
Michigan, Kansas, Texas, Utah and Panama. Uhler (1876,
325) says that it is commonly found in company with Nabis
subcoleoptratus, a species which it closely resembles in color and
form.

563 (816). Pagasa fusca (Stein), 1857, 90.

Form and size of pallipes. Color much the same, the scutellum only
of the upper surface opaque. Joint 2 of antennae more than half the

590

FAMILY XX. — NABID^.

Fig. 147. X 6. (After Bruner).

length of 1, 3 — 5 subequal, shorter than in pallipes. Pronotum as there,
its erect hairs more numerous. Elytra in macropterous form reaching
tip of abdomen, the large membrane with three elongate cells; in brachyp-
terous form only to second dorsal with membrane wholly absent, or to

slightly beyond middle of abdomen,
the membrane then very short. Front
femora strongly swollen, armed be-
neath with numerous short setae.
Length, 5 — 7 mm. (Fig. 147).

Marion, Vigo and Orange coun-
ties, Ind., Sept. 9— Oct. 18. Taken
while running over low sandy-
cultivated ground or beneath logs
and stones. Of the five speci-
mens at hand but one is fully
macropterous, two have the
elytra reaching middle of abdo-
men, the other only to second
dorsal. Its known range in this
country extends from New Eng-
land west to British Columbia.
Champion records it from Mexico, Central America, Panama
and Guatemala, but these records may be in error as it was
originally described from Pennsylvania, and as nitida Stal, a
synonym, from Wisconsin. There are no records in this coun-
try south of New Jersey. Except that it is found under logs
and stones, nothing has been recorded of its habits.

Subfamily II. NABIj>L<E Reuter, 1890, 293.

Elongate or oblong-oval, slender bodied species having the
head stout, subcylindrical, subporrect, the eyes placed near its
middle, some distance in front of pronotum, and ocelli on mid-
dle of postocular portion ; pronotum with two distinct trans-
verse constrictions, the collar wide; antennae 4-jointed; elytra,
except veins, largely membranous, the commissure in macrop-
terous forms much longer than scutellum ; front femora rarely
much swollen, the setae of their under surface fine ; front tibiae
but slightly wider near apex, their spongy fossa rudimentary.
Two genera represent the subfamily in the eastern states.

KKY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SUBFAMILY XAIUX.K.

/>. Ocelli separated by at least their own diameters; first joint of an-
tenna? but little if at all longer than head; second joint of beak
but little longer than third. I. Nabis, p. 591.

SUBFAMILY II. — NABIN^. 591

bb. Ocelli separated by less than their own diameters; first joint of
antenna? more than twice the length of head; second joint of beak
much longer than third. II. Metatropiphorus, p. 604.

I. Nabis Latreille, 1807, 127.

A large genus of elongate or oblong-oval, usually slender-
bodied species having the pronotum campanulate with two fine
transverse constrictions, its sides gradually converging from
the posterior constriction to apex, humeral angles rounded,
hind margin subtruncate ; scutellum small, triangular, usually
in great part black, with a calloused yellowish spot each side,
its apex obtuse ; clavus widened behind ; elytra either entire
and reaching or surpassing tip of abdomen, or abbreviated and
usually reaching only second dorsal, when entire the membrane
with three elongate cells, their terminal bounding vein with
numerous short ones radiating to tip of membrane ; connexivum
in males of macropterous forms usually narrowly or not at all
exposed, in females more broadly so ; front femora spindle-
shaped, moderately swollen, both they and tibiae beset beneath
with numerous fine setae; front and middle tibiae with a short
spongy lobe at tip ; tarsi 3-jointed. More than 40 species are
known, 19 of which occur in this country, 17 of them from the
eastern states. Most of our species have in the past been
described or recorded under the generic name Coriscus Schrank.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF NABIS.

a. Body in great part shining black; sides of head behind eyes grad-
ually converging obliquely backward. • 564. subcoleoptratus.
aa. Body wholly or in great part gray, grayish-yellow or pale brown;
sides of head behind eyes parallel or nearly so.
b. Front or middle femora, usually both, armed beneath with several
short black spines in addition to numerous setae; connexivum
usually with pale and dark spots.
c. Body short, broad, robust ; front femora strongly swollen ; abdo-
men beneath black; outer basal angle of each connexival with
a large black spot. 565. crassipes.

cc. Body elongate, narrow; front femora only moderately swollen;
outer basal angles of connexivals with small dark spots or none.
d. Hind lobe of pronotum almost smooth; body not much constricted
at base of abdomen ; tibia? with five or more dark rings.
e. Sides of pronotum straight and rather strongly divergent from
apex to base; elytra, brachypterous form, obovate, the tips
broadly rounded and membrane scarcely evident; abdomen
beneath wholly fuscous. 566. nigriventris.

592 FAMILY XX. — NABID^E.

ee. Sides of pronotum subparallel, more or less sinuate; elytra,
brachypterous form, narrower, the membrane short but dis-
tinct; abdomen beneath dull yellow with three fuscous stripes.

567. SORDIDUS.
del. Hind lobe of pronotum finely but distinctly punctate or rugose;
body very slender; tibiae with but one or two dark rings.
/. Body much constricted near base of abdomen; apical third of
corium with two red lines; middle femora without slender
spines. 568. constrictus.

//. Body not constricted near middle; corium without red markings;
middle femora armed beneath with four or five slender black
seta-like spines. 569. spinicrus.

bb. Front and middle femora armed beneath with seta? only; connex-
ivum usually without spots.
g. Femora all with a subapical dark ring; hind lobe of pronotum
distinctly punctate; joint 1 of antennae longer than head.

570. ANNULATUS.

cjg. Femora without a distinct subapical ring; hind lobe of pronotum
smooth.
h. Form elongate; brachypterous forms with elytra less than three
times the length of scutellum; first antennal about as long as
head.
i. Elytra shining, without fuscous dots between the nervures,
surpassing abdomen by one-half or more the length of mem-
brane; front femora but little swollen; macropterous forms
only known. 571. capsiformis.

ii. Elytra opaque, usually with numerous fuscous dots between
the nervures, in macropterous forms surpassing abdomen by
one-third or less the length of membrane; front femora dis-
tinctly swollen; macropterous forms rare.
j. Form very narrow; head about five times longer than inter-
ocular width; elytra in brachypterous forms rounded at
apex, their membrane wanting. 572. propinquus.

jj. Form broader; head about three times longer than interocular
width; elytra in brachypterous form with apex truncate,
their membrane present. 573. limbatus.

hh. . Form broader, more or less ovate; brachypterous forms with
elytra four or more times the length of scutellum; first anten-
nal generally shorter than head; macropterous forms common.
k. Elytra in macropterous form without three brown dots, in
brachypterous form much shorter than abdomen; dorsal sur-
face of abdomen dark brown with a single or double median
pale line, the margin of connexivum pale.

574. FLAVOMARGINATUS.

kk. Elytra in macropterous form with three brown dots, one on disk
of corium, two on the vein separating the membrane from
corium; elytra in brachypterous form reaching tip of abdo-
men ; dorsal surface of abdomen without median pale stripes.
I. First antennal much longer than anteocular portion of head.

SUBFAMILY II. — NABIN^.

59:

»i. Color grayish-white; form narrow; dark markings on inner

sides of front and middle femora forming vague cross-bars;

tibiae without spots.

n. Front femora extending beyond apex of head; elytra with

numerous small fuscous dots between the nervures; length,

6.5 — 8.5 mm. 575. ferus.

nn. Front femora not reaching apex of head ; length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

576. BREVIS.

mm. Color pale brownish-yellow to reddish-brown; form broader;
femora with conspicuous spots, sometimes with vague cross-
bars on inner side,
o. Hind tibia? dotted; color pale to dark brownish-yellow; mem-
brane in brachypterous form with closed cells.

577. ROSEIPENNIS.

oo. Hind tibiae without dots; color pale reddish-brown; mem-
brane in brachypterous form without closed cells.

578. RUFUSCULUS.
//. First antennal but slightly if at all longer than anteocular por-
tion of head.

p. Dorsal surface of abdomen black; tibiae with black dots.

579. INSCRIPTUS.

pp. Dorsal surface of abdomen with sides and apex broadly pale;
tibia? without black dots. 580. kalmii.

564 (818). Nabis subcoleoptratus (Kirby), 1837, 282.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed, broad-
er behind. Black, shining; the margin
of connexivum, antennae and legs pale
brownish-yellow; hind lobe of prono-
tum and elytra of brachypterous form
piceous. Pronotum with transverse
constrictions very faint, the collar
shorter than in our other species.
Elytra in brachypterous form reach-
ing middle of second dorsal, their tips
rounded and membrane wanting.
Front femora not spined beneath.
Length, 9—10.5 mm. (Fig. 147y2).

Fulton and Crawford counties,
Ind., June 14 — Aug. 3; taken
from beneath stones and by
sweeping herbage i n mo i s t
grounds ; probably occurs spar-
ingly throughout the State. Its
general range is northern, ex-
tending from Nova Scotia and
New England west to Alberta, Colorado and Kansas. Not re-

Fig. 1 4 7 J -i» , X 4. (After Lugger),

594 FAMILY XX. — NABID^E.

corded south of New Jersey, except from Texas. Van Duzee
(1894, 182) states that about Buffalo, N. Y., it is "common
everywhere from July to September. The young in their earlier
stages quite strongly resemble our common black ants and may
be found in similar situations on goldenrod and other weeds
and bushes. They reach maturity about July 1, but here rarely
acquire wings." The long-winged form is everywhere scarce.

565 (821). Nabis CRASSIPES Reuter, 1873, 83.

Oblong-ovate, robust. Above dull clay-yellow; head between and
behind the eyes, a median stripe and some lines on front lobe of prono-
tum and numerous spots on elytra, fuscous ; scutellum black with a small
yellow spot each side; connexivals each with a blackish spot, the one on
sixth larger; pleura, meso- and metasterna and ventral surface of abdo-
men wholly or in great part fuscous-black; prosternum and apical lateral
angle of each ventral dull yellow; femora and tibiae with numerous dark
brown spots, the inner side of front and middle femora with dark cross-
bars; antenna? and tarsi dull brownish-yellow, the tarsal claws blackish.
Basal joint of antennae as long as anteocular part of head, 2 twice as
long as 1, 3 one-fourth shorter than 2, nearly one-half longer than 4.
Pronotum larger than in our other species, the transverse constrictions
vague; sides feebly sinuate and slightly gradually converging toward
apex which is about half the width of base. Elytra in macropterous form
but little surpassing tip of abdomen, in brachypterous one reaching only
to third dorsal with tips rounded and membrane obsolete. Front and
middle femora swollen, the former very strongly so, hind ones slender.
Length, 6 — 7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 6 — 15 ; one beneath a board, another
swept from foliage in low ground. Borden Springs, Ala.,
Aug 15 (W. S. B.). Tepehuanes, Mexico (Gerhard). Described
from that country and recorded elsewhere only from Georgia,
Texas and California. The tibise are dotted or in part streaked
with dark brown, not distinctly annulate as in sordidus or as
shown in the figure of Champion (1899, pi. 18).

566 (819). Nabis nigriventris Stal, 1862, 458.

Brachypterous form — Oblong-ovate. General color fuscous-brown,
thickly clothed with a short, fine silvery-gray pubescence; head and
pronotum dull yellow, each with a vague fuscous median stripe; scutel-
lum blackish with a yellow spot each side; elytra dull yellow, the main
nervures often in part crimson ; connexivum dull yellow, each segment
with a median crimson spot, and outer basal angle with a minute fuscous
one; front and middle femora barred within by fuscous; antenna?, beak
and tibia? dull yellow, the second antennal with an anteapical fuscous
ring and tibiae with four to six similar ones. Head shorter than prono-
tum. Joint 1 of antenna? one-third shorter than head. Pronotum nearly
as wide at base as long, the base twice the width of apex, hind lobe sub-

SUBFAMILY II. — NABIN^E. 595

depressed. Elytra as in key, reaching second ventral. Macropterous
form — Elytra surpassing abdomen; membrane large, hyaline, with fus-
cous veins; apex of corium often with purplish lines. Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 1 ; one brachypterous male swept from
low herbage in pine woods ; another, Feb. 22, sifted from weed
debris. A neotropical species described from Mexico and previ-
ously recorded in this country only from Colorado, Texas and
New Mexico. Very similar to crassipes, but narrower, with front
femora less swollen, dark spots of connexivals smaller and
elytra with pinkish or purplish markings.

567 (820). Nabis sordidus Reuter, 1873, 85.

Elongate-oval, the female broader behind. Above dull yellow mottled
with numerous fuscous lines and blotches; head behind eyes, sides of
front lobe of pronotum and some irregular lines on its disk, several short
stripes on basal half of hind lobe, scutellum, except a spot each side,
numerous small blotches on clavus and corium and membrane in great
part, fuscous; a triangular spot each side of scutellum, basal third of
costal margin of elytra, and a small pale calloused spot opposite base of
membrane on corium, dull yellow; connexivals 1 — 5 with incisures fus-
cous, the basal half of 6 with a large fuscous spot; joints 1 and 2 of
antenna? reddish-brown, 3 and 4 fuscous; femora with numerous brown
spots, the middle and hind ones annulate near apex; tibiae annulate with
brown rings; under surface dull yellow, the sterna and three stripes on
abdomen fuscous. Basal joint of antenna? about as long as head, 2 — 4
subequal, each one-fourth longer than 1. Elytra, macropterous form,
slightly surpassing abdomen; brachypterous one reaching middle of sec-
ond dorsal, their tips rounded and membrane very short. Connexivum
of female broadly exposed, strongly reflexed; of male wholly concealed.
Length, 6.5 — 8 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the southern por-
tion ; occurring throughout the year. Hibernates beneath logs,
basal leaves of mullein and other cover along roadsides and
borders of fields ; in summer swept from low herbage in dense
woods and especially from the great ragweed, Ambrosia trifida
L., along the margins of ponds and streams. In my collecting
I have found the brachypterous form more common than the
long-winged one and the females much more common than the
males. Its known range extends from Massachusetts west to
Wisconsin and south and southwest to Florida, Texas, Panama
and the West Indies. In Florida it has been recorded only from
Newberry. Hussey reports it as "taken sparingly from under-
growth in the woods and from woodland grasses," in Berrien
Co., Mich.

596 FAMILY XX. — NABID^E.

568 ( — ). Nabis constrictus Champion, 1899, 303.

Elongate, slender, strongly constricted at middle. Dull straw-yellow;
head, front lobe of pronotum, a spot on humeral angles, a vague trans-
verse bar across the commissure of clavus, the tip of corium and the
veins and basal half of membrane, fuscous or tinged with fuscous; ner-
vures of apical half of corium and a spot on third connexival crimson;
connexivals with a small dark spot on each apical angle; under surface
with a narrow stripe along each side dark brown or fuscous; femora near
apex and the tibiae near base, each with a single brown ring. Eyes small,
prominent, coarsely granulated. Antenna? very slender, as long as body,
joints 2 — 4 subequal, 1 shorter, about as long as head. Elytra slightly
surpassing abdomen; connexivum rather widely exposed, female, wholly
concealed, male. Front and middle femora and tibiae with a few small
denticles in addition to the setae. Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

Lakeland, Fla., Feb. 22 ; two specimens beaten from bunches
of Spanish moss near the margins of a lake. Described from
Mexico, Guatemala and Panama and not before recorded from
this country. The small eyes, finely rugose hind lobe of prono-
tum, spotted connexivals, constricted elytra and crimson ner-
vures of apical half of corium distinguish it from annulatus, its
nearest ally.

569 (824). Nabis spinicrus Reuter, 1890, 305.

Brachypterous form — Elongate, subparallel, very slender. Dull red-
dish-brown to brownish-yellow, minutely and thickly pubescent; flanks
of front lobe of pronotum, five lines on hind lobe and a vague one on
elytra and along middle of dorsum fuscous ; under surface with sides of
sterna and ventrals fuscous; legs dull yellow, front and middle femora
faintly annulate with brown the ring near tips broader and more dis-
tinct; tibiae with a brown ring near base and apex; apical joint of tarsus
fuscous. Antennae very slender, joints 1 and 2 dull yellow, 3 and 4 and
apex of 2 fuscous-brown; 1 as long as head, 2 slightly longer and more
slender than 1, 3 and 4 subequal, each about one-third longer than 2.
Hind lobe and collar of pronotum minutely, rugosely punctate; elytra
very short, barely twice the length of scutellum, their tips obliquely
rounded and divaricate. Front femora with three or four widely sepa-
rated short, pale spine-like setae; middle femora with similar longer
blackish, white-tipped ones arising from fuscous dots. Genital plate of
male strongly convex at base, the apical half bent upward, broadly
rounded. Length, 6.3 — 6.7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 27 — April 17. Seven brachypterous speci-
mens sifted from plant debris along the bay front and the
border of a pond. A neotropical species, known from the West
Indies and Mexico and recorded indefinitely by Van Duzee from
the "Southern States." It is our most slender-bodied species
and the only one with slender blackish spines on the under side

SUBFAMILY II. — NABIN^. 597

of middle femora. Macropterous forms are said to have the
clavus, corium and membrane streaked with fuscous or brown-
ish.

570 (823). Nabis annulatus Reuter, 1873, 86.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Dull straw-yellow; two narrow
stripes on head, some vague irregular lines on front lobe of pronotum,
five faint stripes on hind lobe, some elongate blotches on apical halves
of clavus and corium, the nervures of membrane and incisures of con-
nexivum, fuscous; extreme apex of corium blackish preceded usually by
a reddish tinge; joints 1 and 2 of antennas dull yellow, the former with
two faint rings and the latter with apex darker, 4 and 5 tinged with
fuscous ; beak, legs and under surface pale yellow, the femora annulate
near apex and the tibia? near base with a single brownish ring; sides of
sterna and basal half or more of abdomen with a brown stripe. Joint 1 of
antenna? much longer than head, about one-fourth shorter than 2 — 5,
which are subequal. Collar and hind lobe of pronotum densely and finely
punctate. Disk of scutellum with two small fovea?. Connexivum very
narrowly exposed, male; slightly more widely so, female. Length,
8 — 9.5 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., April 15 — Aug. 12. Swept
from foliage of weeds and shrubs growing only in alluvial soil
along the banks of streams. Ranges from Ontario and New
England west to Illinois ; not recorded south of New Jersey.
Van Duzee (1894, 183) noted it as occurring in numbers on
rank vegetation near Lancaster, N. Y. The annulate femora
and tibiae taken in connection with the densely punctured col-
lar and hind lobe of pronotum readily separate it from our other
species. In several of the specimens at hand there is a small
crimson spot each side of scutellum and another on third con-
nexival in addition to the vague one usually present in front
of apex of corium.

571 (828). Nabis capsiformis Germar, 1837, 132.

Elongate, slender. Pale straw-yellow, elytra shining without fuscous
spots other than the usual three dots ; head and front lobe of pronotum
tinged with fuscous, the latter with a narrow median stripe and some
irregular curved lines darker; membrane shining iridescent, its veins
dusky; hind lobe of pronotum with traces of five dusky stripes; under
surface pale dull yellow, the sides with a narrow brown stripe; middle of
mesosternum and usually of abdomen with a dark stripe; antenna? and
legs pale dull yellow, the front femora rarely with some small brown
dots ; tarsal claws blackish. Joint 1 of antenna? a little shorter than head,
2 and 3 subequal, each nearly one-half longer than 1, 4 shorter, half the
length of 2. Elytra surpassing abdomen by one-half the length of mem-
brane. Dorsum of abdomen pale tinged with reddish, male; fuscous,
female. Length, 8 — 9.5 mm.

598 FAMILY XX. — NABID^E.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Oct. 25— April 12 (W. S. B.) .
Terra Ceiga, N. Car., March 29 (Brimley). Frequent about
Dunedin on tall dead grasses along the margins of ponds or
along the bay front ; also on foliage of button-wood on Hog
Island. At R. P. Park it was sifted from weed debris and swept
from tall grasses in the everglade marshes. This appears to
be the only Nabis occurring in any numbers in Florida, having
been recorded from eight stations. It is a cosmopolitan neo-
tropical species ranging in this country from North Carolina
southwest to Florida and Texas. Uhler (1894a, 205) records
it as frequent in Grenada in August "upon open swampy spots
on herbage." The long slender, shining, almost immaculate
elytra, unspotted legs and relatively long and slender front
femora are its principal distinguishing characters.

572 (825). Nabis propinquus Reuter, 1873, 87.

Elongate, slender, parallel. Dull straw-yellow, sparsely clothed with
a fine whitish pubescence; head, pronotum and scutellum with a median
dusky stripe; dorsum of abdomen dusky, paler at sides, with a darker
median line bordered each side by one of yellow; under surface dull yel-
low with a broad fuscous stripe along each side; antennae and legs pale
dull yellow; femora dotted with purplish-brown, the front and middle
ones with short brown bars on inner side. Head nearly as long as middle
of pronotum. Antenna? slender, joint 1 as long as head, two-thirds the
length of 2, 3 and 4 subequal, each three-fourths the length of 2. Beak
reaching middle of mesosternum. Brachypterous form with pronotum
subconical, its sides straight, feebly converging from base to apex, the
latter two-thirds the width of base. Elytra reaching second dorsal, their
membrane obsolete and tips obtusely rounded. Front and middle femora
slender, subfusiform; hind ones longer, more slender, subcylindrical.
Length, 10 — 14 mm.

Argo and West Pullman, 111., July 24 — Sept. 4 (Gerhard). Not
taken, but doubtless to be found in northern Indiana as it is
a species of the Transition Life Zone, ranging from Quebec and
New England west to Illinois and Wisconsin. Hussey recorded
it as moderately common on bulrushes and sedges in the
marshes of southern Michigan. It is a very long, narrow bodied
species and occurs only on sedges (Carer) and other semi-
aquatic herbs. The long-winged form, N. vicarius Reut.
(1873, 87) is said to be very rare. The .V. elongatus Hart (1907,
262) is a synonym.

573 (826). Nabis limbatus Dahlbom, 1850, 227.

Brachypterous form — Elongate, gradually feebly widened from head
to fifth dorsal of abdomen. Above dull brownish-yellow, clothed with a

SUBFAMILY II. — NABINiE.

599

fine yellowish pubescence; a median stripe on head, some irregular marks
on pronotum, a median line on scutellum and a wide stripe on middle of
dorsum, fuscous-black; sides of dorsum often with a narrow crimson
line; antenna? and legs dull reddish-yellow, the femora dotted with
purplish-brown ; under surface dull yellow, the sides of pleura and ven-
trals darker. Joint 1 of antenna? one-third longer than head, 2 longest,
3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 one-half the length of 3. Pronotum sub-
cylindrical, with collar relatively long, its basal constriction deep; hind
lobe narrower and less elevated than usual. Elytra oboval, reaching
second dorsal, their tips exclusive of membrane subtruncate, membrane
very short. Length, 7.5 — 8.7 mm. (Fig. 148, a).

^ k

Fig. 148. a, Nabis llmbatus Dahl. : b, Nabis rufusculus Reut., X 6.
(After Drake, Tech. Publ. Xo. 16, N. Y. St. Coll. For.).

Mt. Katahdin, Me., and Adirondack Mts., N. Y., August
(Barber) . A palaearctic European species, ranging in the moun-
tainous regions of this country from Quebec and New England
west to Colorado. It occurs especially upon rank vegetation
about the borders of tamarack bogs and marshes. Macropter-
ous individuals are very scarce.

600

FAMILY XX. — NABID^E.

574 (827). Nabis flavomarginatus Scholtz, 1846, 114.
Elongate-oval, much broader behind the middle. Dull straw-yellow,

rather thickly clothed with short fine whitish appressed hairs; head with
a median blackish stripe, this wider between the eyes ; front lobe of
pronotum with sides and a narrow median line fuscous ; under surface
brownish-yellow with a dusky stripe along the sides ; antennae and legs
pale brownish-yellow, immaculate or with a few small brown dots; front
and middle femora with some vague brownish cross-bars on inner side.
Head one-third shorter than pronotum, its front declivent. Joint 1 of
antenna? about two-thirds the length of head, 2 one-half longer than 1,
3 one-fourth shorter than 2, twice as long as 4. Beak slightly surpass-
ing middle coxa?. Disk of pronotum, except collar, with a narrow median
impressed line; sides febly sinuate, base about two-thirds wider than
apex. Elytra (brachypterous form) reaching third dorsal, their tips
narrowly rounded or obtusely angled, the membrane very short. Other
characters as in key. Length, 8 — 10 mm.

Golden, Colo., July 25 (Gerhard). The form described is var.
vanduzeei Kirk., known only from Colorado and Washington.
The typical long-winged flavomarginatus is palsearctic and oc-
curs in Canada, Greenland and Maine.

575 (829). Nabis ferus (Linnaeus), 1758, 449.

Elongate, macropterous form; oblong and more robust, brachypter-
ous one. Dull grayish-yellow, opaque; head and front lobe of pronotum
with a median dark stripe, the latter also with
irregular dark lines, the collar sometimes blackish;
hind lobe of pronotum usually with five vague dusky
stripes; elytra with numerous small fuscous dots
between the nervures ; membrane pale gray, the vein:;
dusky; sides of under surface as far back as third
ventral with a fuscous stripe; middle of mesosternum
fuscous; antennae reddish-brown, the terminal joints
darker; legs dull yellow, the femora with but few
small scattered brownish spots or none, their inner
surface with transverse brownish bars. Joint 1 of
antennae shorter than head, 2 and 3 longer, subequal,
4 one-half the length of 3. Elytra surpassing abdo-
men by one-third the length of membrane, macrop-
terous form; reaching its tip, the membrane very
small or wanting, brachypterous one. Front femora
/ ji moderately swollen. Length, 6.5 — 8.5 mm. (Fig. 149).

Pig. L49. Male, X 6.

(After osbom). Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in

the northern portion. Hibernates as imago beneath dead leaves
and other cover along roadsides and cultivated fields ; in sum-
mer found on foliage of grasses and weeds in meadows and
waste places. It is a palsearctic species which occurs through-
out Canada and the northern United States. Recorded also

SUBFAMILY II. — NABIN^E. 601

from North Carolina, Georgia, Texas, California, Mexico and
Guatemala, but many of its southern records are doubtless
erroneous, as the name has been a kind of "catch-all" for
doubtful species. Uhler (1877, 428) states that it is:

"Widely distributed in Colorado as well in the mountains as on the
plains and foot hills ; chiefly, however, in spots where the agency of man
is to be seen. Foreign weeds have been introduced and various plants
have been encouraged by the wider distribution of seeds near the streams
of water and on the routes of travel, and on these this species finds its
home and food." Later he says: "It secretes itself in the blossoms of
goldenrod or among the foliage of other low plants and lives by captur-
ing small insects."

576 (— ). Nabis brevis Scholtz, 1846, 113.

Brachypterous form — Elongate-oval. Dull clay-yellow; head with a
short median stripe, widened in front, and a spot in front of and behind
each eye, fuscous-black; front half of pronotum with a median fuscous
stripe and some brownish reticulations; scutellum blackish at middle;
elytra vaguely flecked with small dark points ; membrane dull yellow, the
veins brownish; mesosternum and a stripe along sides of under surface
fuscous-brown ; legs straw-yellow, front and middle femora with vague
brownish bars on inner face. Joint 1 of antenna? one-third shorter than
head, 2 nearly twice as long as 1, one-fourth longer than 3, 4 one-third
shorter than 3. Pronotum one-fourth longer at middle than wide at base,
its hind lobe smooth, subopaque, with two low obtuse ridges each side of
middle, humeral angles nodulose above. Elytra visibly widened from the
base, slightly passing tip of abdomen. Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Woking, England (British Mus. Coll.). Recorded by Parshley
(1917, 67) as occurring at Cromwell, Conn., in December on
nursery stock imported from England.

577 (830). Nabis roseipennis Reuter, 1873, 89.

Elongate, slender. Dull grayish- to brownish-yellow, above usually
thickly mottled with fuscous dots and lines; head with a median dark
stripe and usually a blackish spot behind each eye; front lobe of prono-
tum with a narrow median stripe and irregular impressed lines fuscous,
hind lobe with three vague dark stripes each side; scutellum with disk
in great part black; elytra usually everywhere thickly mottled with
small fuscous dots; membrane dull yellow, the veins dusky; connexivum
pale yellow often tinged with crimson; joints 1 and 2 of antenna? pale
reddish-brown, the apex of 2 darker, 3 and 4 fuscous-brown; femora
thickly mottled with large reddish-brown dots ; tibiae with widely scat-
tered smaller dots; under surface in great part fuscous-brown, the
prosternum and middle of abdomen pale. Joint 1 of antennae slightly
shorter than head; 2 and 3 subequal, each twice the length of 1 ; 4 two-
thirds the length of 3. Eyes large, prominent. Pronotum about as
wide at base as long, its collar shorter than usual; hind lobe minutely
punctate. Elytra surpassing abdomen by one-third the length of mem-

602

FAMILY XX. — NABID^E.

brane. Genital segment of male about twice as long as broad. Length,
6.5—8.5 mm. (Fig. 150).

Common throughout Indiana. Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 1 (U'.S.
B.). Henrietta and Lawrence, N. Car., April 24 — Dec. 9

p(Brimley) . Sherborn,
Mass., October (Frost).
In Indiana it hibernates
beneath piles of weeds,
logs, basal leaves of mul-
lein and other cover,
especially in low damp
localities. In summer it
frequents for the most
part tall grasses and
weeds along streams and
the margins of swamps,
but is often taken in
dense upland woods. It
is probably the most com-
mon Nobis in the State,
outranking both ferns and
sordidus, which are next
to it in numbers. But
two specimens have been
taken at Dunedin, both
beneath the basal leaves
3f a thistle on Hog Island.
Not before known from
that State. Its known
range extends from Ontario and New England west to British
Columbia and Colorado and southwest to New Jersey and
Florida. The form described above is the one usually recorded
as N. punctipes Reut., in which the dorsal surface of abdomen is
fuscous-black. In the smaller and less common typical roseipen-
nis the surface of dorsum is almost wholly pale, and the elytra
are less mottled with fuscous, in fresh specimens often having
a pale roseate tinge. Both forms were described on the same
page, the types of both being from Wisconsin, and Reuter, after
the description of roseipennis, which has priority, adds: "An tan-
turn variatio pallidior sequentis?" Van Duzee mentions it as com-
mon about Buffalo, N. Y., May to September: "Occurring with

Fig.
16, X.

St.

: li.

Coll.

(After Mundinger,
For.).

Tech. Bull

SUBFAMILY II. — NABIN^E. 603

ferns but seeming to prefer damper and more weedy meadows."
Drake (1923, 69) says that about Cranberry Lake, N. Y.,
roseipennis "inhabits the deep woods, lumbered tracts and 'burns'
but seems to prefer more or less open areas along trails and
tote-roads. It feeds almost entirely upon grass- and herb-in-
habiting insects."

578 (831). Nabis rufusculus Reuter, 1873, 92.

Elongate-oval. Pale reddish-brown, very finely pubescent, usually
with a roseate or pinkish tinge; vertex and front portion of pronotum
with the usual median stripe and other dark markings very faint or
wanting; a spot behind eyes, another on middle of scutellum, some small
dots on apical half of corium and a stripe along sides of pleura and ven-
trals fuscous; middle of mesosternum black; antenna? and legs pale red-
dish-brown, the femora with numerous small darker dots. Joint 1 of
antenna? shorter than head, but longer than anteocular portion, 2 — 4
very slender, gradually decreasing in length. Pronotum subconical, about
as long as head, sides slightly sinuate, feebly converging to apex, the
latter three-fifths the width of base. Elytra (brachypterous form)
reaching tip of abdomen, gradually widened from the base, their tips
narrowly rounded and membrane very small. Front and middle femora
subf usif orm, but moderately swollen ; hind ones longer, very slender.
Genital plate of male oblong, its apex bluntly rounded and with a median
slit or deeply impressed line reaching back to middle. Length, 6 — 7.5 mm.
(Fig. 148, b).

Lake Co., Ind., June 7—29 (W. S.B.) ; Sept. 22 (Gerhard) ;
brachypterous examples only. Swannanoa, N. Car., June 22 —
Oct. 5 (Brimley). Ashland and Sherborn, Mass., May 2 — Oct.
15 (Frost). A species of northern distribution, ranging from
Ontario and New England west to British Columbia, North
Dakota and Colorado and southwest to North Carolina. The
macropterous form is usually very scarce. Drake (1923, 70)
records both long and short-winged forms as common about
Cranberry Lake, N. Y., where it occurs in the somewhat open
areas along the trails and tote-roads and on huckleberry bushes
in bogs. The eggs were found in the stems of asters which
were badly infested by aphids. He states that N. rufusculus,
limbatus, fcrus and roseipennis are in that vicinity "pre-eminently
wandering, grass- or herb- or very low shrub-inhabiting species
and prey upon the insects found on these plants. They are
rarely taken, and perhaps never breed, upon tall shrubs or
trees."

579 (832). Nabis inscriptus (Kirby), 1837, 280.

Elongate, widest at middle of elytra. Dull grayish-yellow, head and
front lobe of pronotum strongly tinged with fuscous ; spot behind eye,

604 FAMILY XX. — NABID^E.

stripe on median lobe of pronotum, scutellum in great part, numerous
scattered dots on elytra and middle of all sterna, a darker fuscous; collar
of pronotum with three, hind lobe with five, vague brownish stripes;
legs dull yellow, femora mottled with brown dots, the inner face of swol-
len front ones with brownish cross-bars; tibiae with a few vague brownish
marks; ventrals dull yellow, with median and lateral stripes fuscous-
brown. Joint 1 of antenna? reddish-brown with vague fuscous markings,
but little longer than head in front of eyes; 2 dull yellow, its apical
sixth fuscous, one-half longer than 1; 3 and 4 pale fuscous, 3 slightly
shorter than 2, 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Pronotum slightly longer at
middle than wide at base, transverse constrictions well marked, median
portion convex. Elytra, macropterous form, slightly passing tip of
abdomen, the usual three brown spots of allied species vague or wanting.
"Copulatory hooks of male with large semicircular short-pointed blade
and short stem." (Renter). Length, 7 — 8.5 mm.

Lancaster, N. Y., August (Van Dusee). A species of north-
ern distribution, its range extending from Ontario and New
England west to British Columbia. Except in the longer first
antennal the description of N. alter nut us Parshley (1922, 12)
agrees very closely with inscriptus.

580 (833). Nabis kalmii Reuter, 1873, 91.

Elongate-oblong. Color above a nearly uniform grayish-white; head
and front lobe of pronotum with a blackish median stripe, the latter also
with fuscous impressed lines; hind lobe without the usual dark stripes;
elytra with the ordinary three dark spots on the nervures, but with few
if any fuscous dots on the intervals; membrane pale, the nervures dusky;
under surface with a percurrent narrow fuscous-brown stripe each side,
the middle of mesosternum and a narrow median stripe on abdomen fus-
cous; antennae and legs brownish-yellow, the femora with scattered very
small reddish-brown dots; tips and claws of tarsi blackish. First joint
of antennae distinctly shorter than head in front of ocelli. Pronotum
about as wide at base as long. Genital segment of male three times as
long as wide. Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., July 22 — Oct. 14 ; swept from rank weeds
along the borders of streams. Known heretofore only from
Wisconsin, Missouri, Nebraska and Colorado. "Rather similar
to A", fcrus L., but the color more inclined toward a pale yellow,
the apex of dorsum widely testaceous and the intervals of
elytra devoid of fuscous punctures" (Renter).

II. Metatropiphorus Reuter, 1873, 93.

Elongate, narrow finely pubescent species having the head
behind eyes constricted to form a long cylindrical neck; vertex
with two fine median grooves ; beak reaching front coxse ; pro-

SUBFAMILY II. — NABIN^E. 605

notum about as wide at base as long, strongly constricted be-
hind middle, its front lobe with a narrow median carina, and
side margins distinct ; elytra surpassing tip of abdomen, their
membrane large without closed discal cells; front femora
feebly swollen, armed beneath with a number of short distant
spines ; front tibiae setose beneath, their tips obliquely trun-
cate. One species is known from the West Indies and eastern
states.

581 (834). Metatropiphorus belfragii Reuter, 1873, 94.

Elongate, very slender, subparallel. Fuscous-brown, thickly clothed
with very short silvery-gray pubescence; hind lobe of pronotum, and
elytra in great part, dull reddish-brown, the latter with a fuscous cross-
bar just behind the commissure of clavus; an elongate spot on clavus
and two on embolium of elytra, pale dull yellow; membrane dusky, paler
near tip, its nervures brown; antennae and legs reddish-brown, apical
fourth or more of femora piceous, tarsi and apex of tibia? blackish. Eyes
very large, coarsely granulated. Front lobe of pronotum with disk un-
even, sparsely punctate, the side margins sinuate and subcarinate; hind
lobe with a shallow median groove and a wide shallow impression each
side, its hind margin squarely truncate. Commissure of clavus more than
twice the length of scutellum. Other characters as before given. Length,
6.5 — 7 mm.

Yaphank, Long Island, N. Y., July 25 (Davis). Ranges from
Massachusetts and New York west to Illinois and southwest
to Florida, Texas and the West Indies ; apparently scarce wher-
ever found. The only Florida records are those of Barber from
Clearwater and Bueno from Biscayne. Van Duzee swept one
specimen from grass and weeds near Kingston, Jamaica.

Family XXI. NiEOGEIDiE Kirkaldy, 1902, 168.
(Hebrides Am. & Serv.).

The Velvet Water-bugs.

Very small, oblong or subquadrate semi-aquatic or hygroph-
ilous bugs having the surface of the body densely clothed with
a very short velvety pile ; head shorter than pronotum, sub-
declivent ; eyes large, coarsely granulated ; ocelli present ; an-
tennae 4- or 5-jointed; beak slender, 4-jointed, usually reach-
ing between or beyond hind coxae; pronotum as broad as or
broader than abdomen, constricted in front of middle ; scutel-
lum small, triangular, its apex obtuse; elytra usually entire,
the clavus membranous and membrane very large, without
veins (fig. 6, a) ; connexivum narrowly exposed; legs short,
subequal in length; tarsi 2-jointed, their claws terminal.

606 FAMILY XXI. — N^EOGEID^].

Fewer than 20 species are known from all parts of the world.
They live in or near still or stagnant waters and their habits
have been well set forth by Drake (1917, 102) as follows:

"Their favorite haunts are secluded coves of lakes, ponds, and
swampy pools, where the water is shallow and where there is an abun-
dant growth of aquatic plants. I have rarely seen them on the damp
ground near the water's edge. They are aquatic pedestrians, capable
of standing, walking and running upon the surface of the water, their
entire body being covered with a velvety pile which effectively sheds the
water and prevents them from becoming wet. They can move forward
or backward, but the usual mode of progression is a steady forward
movement, all three pairs of legs being used in locomotion. I have often
found them on Lemna, Nymphsea, and various other aquatic plants. It
is not uncommon to find them on the under side of floating leaves, or
even among the roots of floating water plants. When submerged in the
water, the insects are surrounded by a film of air which enables them
to stay beneath the surface film for a considerable period of time. In
an aquarium I have often watched them standing or walking for a
period of a half hour or a little longer on pieces of cork or
plants that were beneath the water. Occasionally, they would walk
down the sides of the glass aquarium beneath the surface of the water
and when the water was shallow, they would walk across the bottom
and come up on the opposite side. Nothing seems to be known of their
food habits and life history."

Our seven known eastern species are divided among two
genera, the principal literature pertaining to them being by
Uhler, 1894a, Champion, 1898; Drake, 1917; Bueno, 1912c,
1923, and Hungerford, 1920.

KEY TO EASTERN GEXERA OF X.EOGEIP.Tv

a. Antenna? 5-jointed (not counting the minute joint at base of third),

joints 3 — 5 very slender (fig. 6, j) . I. N^eogeus, p. 606.

aa. Antenna? 4-jointed, the joints subequal in thickness, or the fourth

stouter. II. Merragata, p. 610.

I. N^eogeus Laporte, 1832, 34.

Very small, oblong stout bodied species possessing the char-
acters set forth under the family heading and generic key.
About a dozen species have been described, four of which occur
in the eastern states. They have been mostly described or
recorded under the generic name Hebrus Curtis (1833), but La-
porte's name has priority by a year. As there has been much
confusion of our eastern species I secured paratypes of two
of Uhler's species from the British Museum and from them
and others on hand drew up the following key :

THE VELVET WATER-BUGS. 607

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF N^OGEUS.

a. Apex of scutellum obtusely angled, not or very feebly notched or
bifid.

b. Antennae slender, uniform pale brownish-yellow, joint 3 longer

than either 4 or 5; elytra with a vague whitish spot on base of
clavus and a distinct whitish line near outer margin of basal
half of corium ; membrane with three vague whitish spots or none.

582. CONCINNUS.

bb. Antenna? stouter, joint 1 yellow, 2 — -5 darker, 3 and 5 subequal, 4

shorter; elytra with a large white wedge-shaped spot on clavus,

and a short vague yellowish line near outer margin of basal third

of corium (fig. 151, b) ; membrane with four usually distinct

white spots. 583. consolidus.

o«. Apex of scutellum subtruncate, distinctly notched or bifid (fig. 152) ;

membrane with four rather distinct pale spots ; joints 2 — 5 of

antennas darker than 1, the latter one-half longer than 2.

c. Elytra with a narrow white line on outer margin of clavus and a

similar slightly longer one near outer margin of basal third of
corium (fig. 151, «); joints 1, 3 and 5 of antenna? subequal, 4
much shorter. 584. bilineatus.

cc. Elytra with white markings on clavus and corium as in concinnus ;
joint 3 of antennae longer than either 4 or 5. 585. burmeisteri.

582 (812). N^eogus concinnus (Uhler), 1894a, 221.

Oblong, robust, minutely pubescent. Reddish- to fuscous-brown;
head, basal lobe of pronotum, scutellum and apical third of corium, usu-
ally darker than remainder of upper surface; under side of head, buc-
culae, beak and femora pale yellow, knees and tarsi lightly tinged with
fuscous; clavus in macropterous form with a vague milky-white spot
covering its basal half or less, exterior to this a longer narrow pale line
on corium ; membrane pale fuscous-brown with a vague yellowish spot
each side at base and sometimes three faint whitish ones on disk, viz.,
an elongate one along the middle and a short oblique one each side of
this, these usually very faint or wanting. Joint 1 of antenna? feebly
curved, about one-half longer than 2, 3 — 5 very slender, thinly beset with
fine erect hairs, 3 longer than either 4 or 5, which are subequal. Prono-
tum with disk uneven, coarsely, sparsely irregularly punctate and with
an ill defined longitudinal median impression, its side margins distinctly
not deeply notched between the two lobes, humeral angles swollen, obtuse.
Elytra in macropterous form reaching tip of abdomen, in brachypterous
one without white markings and reaching only to its middle. Length,
2—2.3 mm.

Frequent in the southern half of Indiana, April — November ;
Lake County only in the northern portion; doubtless occurs
throughout the State. Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Dec. 3 —
April 17. Previously recorded only from Biscayne Bay in that
state. Geronimo, Guatemala {British Mus. Coll.). Occurs in
muck, masses of water weeds and beneath boards near ponds ;

608

FAMILY XXI. — N^EOGEID^.

also occasionally noted gliding over the surface of pond waters
or crawling over the mud flats adjacent thereto. Ranges from
Quebec and New England west to Illinois, Colorado and Wash-
ington and south to Florida, Guatemala and Grenada. Uhler
records it as being taken at "Grenada at the roots of grass on
muddy ground near pools of water," and states that "in Mary-
land the unwinged individuals may be found skimming over the
surface of quiet water from spring until the end of summer."
The white spots of membrane vary much in distinctness. But
two of the 20 specimens at hand are brachypterous.

583 (813). N^eogeus consolidus (Uhler), 1894a, 222.

Smaller and more oval than concinnus. Pale to reddish-brown, finely
pubescent, when fresh covered with a whitish bloom ; beak, buccuke and
legs pale brownish-yellow, the knees and tarsi often darker; clavus and

corium with pale markings as in
key; membrane with four white
marks, the one at middle of base
in the form of an oblong curved
spot, this followed near apex by a
longer, narrower one, and opposite
the interval between these on each
side an angular or curved line.
Joint 1 of antennae one-third long-
er than 2; 3 — 5 fuscous-brown, 3
Fig. 151. a, Nceogeus bilineatus and 5 subequal, 4 shorter. Beak
(Champ->;u4rhamSn|,UhU X 12' reaching second ventral. Prono-

tum with disk of hind portion
more convex and less uneven than in concinnus, constriction of side mar-
gins more shallow, punctures much finer, humeral angles more rounded,
less outwardly projecting. Length, 1.8 — 2 mm. (Fig. 151, b) .

Dunedin, Ft. Myers and Marco, Fla., Dec. 3 — April 21. Mount
Gay est., Grenada, W. I. (British Mits. Coll.). About Dunedin
it is often taken by sweeping low herbage along margins of
ponds and sometimes with Notomicrus nanulus (Lee), Bidessus
c.\-i</uits (Aube) and other small water beetles on the under side
of partly immersed boards. Described from Grenada and
known from Kansas, Panama and Guatemala. Its only pre-
vious Florida record is that of Barber from Lake Worth.

584 ( — ). Nceogeus bilineatus (Champion), 1898, 119.

Oblong, subparallel. Dark reddish-brown; head, propleuras, scutel-
lum and apical third of corium blackish ; elytra with two narrow pearly
white lines as in key; membrane with four vague pale spots as in con-
solidus, bucculse, beak and femora pale yellow, tibite and tarsi tinged

THE VELVET WATER-BUGS.

609

with fuscous; under surface piceous, shining, thickly covered with a
minute grayish pubescence. Antennae shorter than in any of our other
species, joint 1 dull yellow, 2 — 5 dark brown, 1, 3 and 5 subequal in
length, 2 and 4 much shorter. Pronotum narrower with sides more
constricted at middle than in consolidus ; disk with a more distinct median
groove and punctures scarcely evident. Beak reaching first ventral.
Length, 1.8—2.1 mm. (Fig. 151, a).

Miami, R. P. Park, Bassenger, Sarasota, Ft. Myers and Dun-
edin, Fla., Nov. 23 — April 16. Occurs beneath boards and
other cover about the margins of ponds and ditches, often in
company with consolidus. Common at Ft. Myers in the muck
of an extinct wet weather pond. It is a darker, narrower, more
parallel-sided species than any of our others, with white mark-
ings of clavus and corium and short second antennal distinctive.
Originally described from Chapultepec, Mexico, and not before
recorded from this country. Champion's figure does not agree
with his description, as it shows but three pale spots on mem-
brane. The relative lengths of antennal joints in the figure
also differ somewhat from his description
and from those of the Florida specimens.
His unique type is in the Vienna Museum.
All of the numerous specimens at hand of
both this species and consolidus are macrop^
terous.

585 (810). N^eogeus burmeisteri Lethierry &
Severin, 1896, 51.

Oblong, elytra subparallel. Head, except
tylus, pronotum, scutellum and apex of corium
Fig. 152. Female, x 17. dark f uscous-brown ; tylus and coriaceous part
of basal two-thirds of corium dull brownish-yel-
low; bucculae, beak, first antennal and legs straw-yellow; knees, tibia?
and tarsi tinged with fuscous; pale markings of clavus and corium much
as in concinnus, the submarginal line on corium less distinct; markings
of membrane as in consolidus. Antennae distinctly shorter and stouter
than in concinnus, joints 2 — 5 dusky-brown, their relative length as in
key. Pronotum broader across humeri than in either consolidus or
bilineatus, the sides therefore appearing more constricted in front of
humeri than in those species, disk with a well defined median groove,
coarsely, sparsely, unevenly punctate. Coriaceous part of corium clothed
with conspicuous prostrate yellow hairs. Both macropterous and bra-
chypterous forms are known. Length, 1.8 — 2.1 mm. (Fig. 152).

Marion Co., Ind., Nov. 11. Pine, Ind., and Chicago, 111., May
21 — June 5 (Gerhard). Recorded from New England, New

610 FAMILY XXI. — N.-EOGEID.E.

York, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Illinois. This is the form
identified as burmeisteri by Bueno and others, but the original
description of that species is so brief and unsatisfactory that
a comparison with the type is necessary to prove the identity
of the two forms. It is closely allied to concinnus but that spe-
cies is easily distinguished by its longer, more slender, wholly
pale antennae and entire tip of scutellum.

II. Merragata White, 1877, 113.

This genus differs from Naogeus mainly in the characters
given in generic key. A half dozen species are known, three
from Central and South America, the others from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MERRAGATA.

a. Apex of scutellum blunt, not bifid; joints 1, 2 and 3 of antenna? sub-
equal in length.
b. General color blackish or dark chestnut-brown, the membrane with
distinct fuscous spots; sides of pronotum moderately constricted,
the disk with a broad, deep, longitudinal furrow. 586. hebroides.
bb. Color pale chestnut-brown, the membrane milky-white; sides of
pronotum more strongly and abruptly constricted, the disk with
a more narrow, ill defined median groove. 587. brunnea.

act. Apex of scutellum obtusely bifid; joint 3 of antenna? shorter than
the others. 588. SLOSSONI.

586 (813x,4). Merragata hebroides White, 1877, 113.

Oblong, robust. General color fuscous-black; vertex, base of tylus
and two round convexities on hind portion of pronotum, reddish-brown;
antenna? reddish-bi'own, the fourth joint fuscous; beak and legs brown-
ish-yellow; elytra with white spots on clavus, corium and membrane
much as in Nseogens consolidits; under surface thickly clothed with fine
grayish pubescence. Head as wide across eyes as long, its front portion
declivent; eyes small, prominent, coarsely granulated; antenna? short,
about one-half longer than head, joints 1 — 3 subequal, 4 longer and
stouter, fusiform. Pronotum with disk uneven, the median groove ex-
tending from apex to basal third, front portion with several fovea? beset
with small punctures, hind portion gibbous each side of end of median
groove; humeral angles convex, rounded. Scutellum with a fine median
carina. Elytra reaching tip of abdomen, inner nervure of corium angu-
late at apical fourth; connexivum narrowly exposed. Length 1.6 — 2 mm.

Clark Junction, Ind., Aug. 7; Chicago, 111., June 3 — July 22
(Gerhard). Ranges from New York west to Colorado and Cali-
fornia and south to Florida. Described from Hawaii and again
by Champion (1898, 122) from Mexico. I regard the M.
foveata Drake (1917, 103) as a synonym of hebroides. The only
character given by Drake in his key to separate them is that

THE VELVET WATER-BUGS. 611

the median groove of head in foveata "is double, converging an-
teriorly and with a median ridge between them." In the Chi-
cago specimens, identified by Bueno for Gerhard as foveata, the
median groove is single with a distinct ridge each side. One
of them was sent Mr. China, who compared it with the type of
hebroides. He found the grooves on head to be the same, and
only a few minor differences in color of antennae and legs. He
wrote : "Without inspecting the genitalia I should say that
the two are one and the same species." In examples of M.
brunnea from Florida the groove of head is variable, being very
faint or wanting in some specimens, well defined and either
single or double in others. The only Florida record of hebroides
is that of Drake as f areata (1920, 208) from Gainesville. Only
macropterous forms are known.

587 (813%). Merragata brunnea Drake, 1917, 105.

Macropterous Form. —Oblong, rather robust, shorter than our other
two species. Pale chestnut-brown; corium, legs and antennae yellow, the
tarsi and fourth antennal darker; clavus and membrane wholly milky-
white. Head hairy, declivent in front, its median groove variable, as
above stated. Antennae one-third longer than head, the fourth joint fusi-
form, slightly longer and stouter than the others. Pronotum abruptly
and strongly constricted at apical third, the transverse impression with
a row of coarse punctures, median groove nearly entire, humeral angles
prominent, rounded. Scutellum with a faint median carina. Inner ner-
vures of corium broadly rounded. Brachypterous Form. — Color some-
what darker; elytra represented by small white pads not reaching sec-
ond dorsal. Pronotum smaller, its hind lobe less elevated and sides less
constricted, humeri much less prominent. Scutellum shorter and broad-
er. Length, 1.4 — 1.6 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 23 — April 25. Numerous examples taken
from amongst masses of water shield, Brasenia purpurea
(Michx.) in small ponds. Described from Ohio. Ranges from
New York west to Minnesota and Nebraska and south to Flor-
ida. Drake (1920, 208) records the taking of immense num-
bers of nymphs and adults at Gainesville, Fla.

588 ( — ). Merragata slossoni Van Duzee, 1921, 133.

Elongate, more slender than hebroides. Above pale to dark reddish-
brown, minutely pubescent with yellowish hairs; front lobe of pronotum,
scutellum and apex of corium tinged with fuscous ; a line on corium, the
entire clavus and four vague spots on membrane milky-white; antennae
and legs pale brownish-yellow, the fourth antennal and tips of tarsi
darker; ventral surface of abdomen blackish-brown, its edges paler. An-
tennae nearly twice as long as head; joints 1 and 2 subequal, 3 shortest,

612 FAMILY XXII. — MESOVELIID,£.

4 longer, fusiform. Beak reaching first ventral. Pronotum one-half
wider at base than long, its sides rather abruptly constricted about the
middle; disk unevenly, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, humeral
angles swollen, obtusely rounded. Basal portion of scutellum with a fine
median carina. Elytra, in maeropterous form, reaching tip of abdomen.
Length, 1.4 — 1.5 mm.

Moore Haven, Fla., March 2 ; two specimens swept from low
herbage along the side of a ditch. The type and only specimen
heretofore known was taken by Mrs. Slosson at Biscayne Bay,
Fla.

Family XXII. MESOVELIID^, Douglas & Scott, 1867, 3.

The Water Treaders.

Small, slender, subaquatic species having the head broad,
shorter than pronotum, inserted in thorax almost to eyes,
ocelli approximate, placed close to its base ; eyes large, promi-
nent ; antennae slender, 4-jointed, more than half the length of
body ; beak slender, 3-jointed, reaching to or behind middle
coxae, joint 2 longer than 1 and 3 united ; pronotum feebly con-
stricted in front of middle, the hind lobe convex; scutellum
rather large, triangular, its base with an elevated calloused
area ; elytra largely membranous, variable in length, some-
times entire and surpassing abdomen, more often abbreviated,
the corium long, its veins prominent ; legs slender, subequal in
length ; tarsi 3-jointed, the basal joint minute, the second much
the longest, claws inserted at the end of the third. The fam-
ily is a small one, comprising only two genera. One of these
is represented by four species in the eastern states. Hunger-
ford (1917, 73), writing of the habits of M. mulsanti, our most
common species, says :

"It is at home on the floating vegetation growing in the shallow
waters of pools, where the clumps of sedge spread their slender stems
upon the water from the bordering bank, where young cat-tails spring
up and green alga? carpet the surface of the waters. The writer has
found them about old logs projecting from the water, in clumps of smart-
weed at the water's edge, as well as on rafts of filamentous alga? and
leaves and stems of plants procumbent upon the surface. They are
cautious creatures but do on occasion fall upon fairly lively prey. A
fly thrown into the aquarium was seen to crawl up the side of the jar
bearing an adult female Mesovelia with its beak attached near the caudal
end of the fly which when disturbed flew to a near-by support bearing
the tenacious little bug. However, the writer has come to believe that,

THE WATER TREADERS. 613

with Hydrometra, Microvelia and Rheumatobates, they are not dependent
upon the chance and uncertain fare of terrestrial insects caught upon the
surface film but find another, and indeed a more constant source, in the
organisms that dwell below but come up to the surface film. Among
these, Ostracods and like forms are available as more or less staple
food and Mesovelia have been observed exploring the sides of floating
Typha and the tangled mats of alga? for such Crustacea which they spear
from the surface of the water."

The principal literature treating of our species of the family
is by White, 1879 ; Uhler, 1884, 1894a ; Champion, 1898, and
Hungerford, 1917, 1920, 1924, 1925.

I. Mesovelia Mulsant & Rey, 1852, 138.

The principal characters of this genus are set forth under
the family heading. In addition, its members have the head
much prolonged and declivent before the eyes ; hind margin of
pronotum subtruncate ; clavus very large, wholly membranous ;
membrane without veins ; hind coxae rotatory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MESOVELIA.

a. Larger, length 3.8 — 4 mm. ; hind margin of front and middle femora
with a row of spines; beak reaching base of hind coxa?; first
genital of male with tufts of black seta? on lower side.

589. MULSANTI.
aa. Smaller, not over 2.8 mm. ; hind margin of front and middle femora
without spines ; first genital of male without seta?.
b. Beak reaching first ventral.
c. Head brown with a narrow median pale line; joint 1 of antennae
not passing hind margin of eye; general color mottled brown,
shining. 590. douglasensis.

cc. Head grayish with two narrow parallel dark lines; joint 1 of
antenna? surpassing hind margin of eye; general color olive-
green, thickly covered with a fine grayish bloom.

591. CRYPTOPHILA.

bb. Beak reaching between middle coxa?; head yellow with two brown
stripes. 592. amcena.

589 (814). Mesovelia mulsanti White, 1879, 268.

Elongate, rather slender, somewhat spindle-shaped. Color greenish
with a yellowish tinge, fading to brownish-yellow; hind lobe of pronotum
fuscous with a yellowish median stripe; antenna?, collar, sides and tip
of scutellum, veins and cuneus of elytra and tarsi, brownish or tinged
with fuscous-brown ; under surface pale yellow. Joints 1 and 3 of anten-
na? subequal, each about as long as head; 2 shortest, 4 one-third shorter
than 3. Front and middle femora armed beneath with numerous rather
stout seta?. Length, 3.8 — 4 mm. (Fig. 153).

614

FAMILY XXII. — MESOVELIID^E.

Marion, Putnam and Jefferson counties, Ind., June 15 — Sept.
28. Frequent in quiet pools along streams among clumps of
water willows ; the nymphs between the dates mentioned much

more common than the adults. Utopia,
Moore Haven, LaBelle, Sanibel Island
and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 18 — April 25.
Frequent in all stages during the win-
ter at Dunedin in masses of water-
weed and in muck in or about the mar-
gins of small ponds. Recorded from
four additional Florida stations and
doubtless occurs throughout that
State. Ranges from New England
west to Illinois and southwest to
Florida, Texas, Mexico and Brazil.
Of its habits in Maryland Uhler
(1884, 274) in the notes on his M.
bisignata, a synonym of mulsanti, says:

Fig. 153. Female X 10.
(After Hungerford I .

"The unwinged individuals appear more slender than the winged
ones and often hibernate in this State. On the surface of the quiet
waters which they inhabit, specimens may be seen at rest near the banks
or in the midst of pond weeds. There they watch the arrival of some
hasty gnat or other small insect which chances to fall into the water.
This they eagerly grasp with the fore feet and proceed to suck its juices.
Their movements are indescribably delicate and free. Nothing could be
lighter than their motions over the surface film, walking there without
making impression or ripple, and moving with the celerity of a spider."

Hungerford states that the female "possesses an ovipositor
for inserting her eggs into the stems of plants and even in the
spongy wood of floating logs. The egg stage lasts seven to
nine days and the nymphs pass through five instars, spending
from two to three days in each stage. There is a succession of
generations throughout the season, each cycle requiring about
twenty-four days."

590 ( — ). Mesovelia douglasensis Hungerford, 1924, 142.

Smaller but more robust than mulsanti. Head, antennae, pronotum,
front half of mesonotum and middle of metanotum usually brown or
grayish-brown ; remainder of upper surface dull yellow, more or less
tinged with brown; beak, legs and under surface pale brownish-yellow;
tarsi and tip of beak darker. Tylus, basal joint of antennae and femora
each with one or more short setae. Antennae filiform, nearly as long as
body, joint 1 stoutest, shorter than head, feebly curved, 2 shortest, 3 and
4 very slender, the latter slightly the shorter, about double the length of

THE WATER TREADERS. 615

2. Elytra wanting. Connexivum strongly reflexed. Front femur and
tibia subequal in length; hind tibia one-third longer than hind femur.
Male with a fringe of short spines on the front margins of the ventrals.
Length, 1.8—2.2 mm.

Douglas Lake, Mich., July 31 {Hunger ford) . Known only
from that lake. In his biological notes Hungerf ord says :

"The habits of this species are much as I have recorded them for
Mesovelia mulsanti White. It seems, however, to live in much more
sheltered and inaccessible places, preferring the dark and shadowy wa-
ters beneath the dense growth of Chamsedaphne to the sun-lit haunts of
its well known relative. In the pairs that I have observed mating in
captivity, the males have been supported very curiously above the female
by the genital clasp alone — all of the legs poised in mid-air. They have
remained in copula for thirty minutes and longer. The females place
their eggs in the tissues of plants after the manner of M. mulsanti. The
first I found were in the petiole of a black water-soaked dead leaf of
Andromedra glaucophylla Link."

591 ( — ). Mesovelia cryptophila Hungerford, 1925, 454.

Elongate, subcylindrical, the pronotum relatively broad and abdomen,
especially that of male, slender. General color olive-green, rather thickly
and finely pubescent; color of head as in key; pronotum dull brown, a
median spot and an ill defined band across hind margin olive-green; meso-
notum olive-green with brownish blotches; metanotum dark in front,
paler behind; beneath with dark reddish-brown stripe on pleura; beak,
legs and ventrals whitish tinged with pale green. Antennas fuscous, joint
1 slightly more than one-fourth longer than 2, 3 and 4 subequal, each
twice the length of 2. Interocular area half as wide as head across eyes.
Pronotum cylindrical, joint 2 of hind tarsi more slender and longer than

3. Length, 2.1—2.8 mm.

Douglas Lake region, Mich., July 26 (Barber) . Known only
from a small bog where Hungerford found them in numbers on
the water amidst a thick growth of floating leather-leaf,
Chamccdapncr calyculata (L.) . Only the apterous form was found.

592 ( — ). Mesovelia amcena Uhler, 1894a, 218.

Elongate, oblong. Head dull yellow; tylus, base of cheeks and two
stripes on vertex piceous-brown ; pronotum and scutellum dark brown,
the former with a vague transverse yellowish spot behind front margin;
elytra in great part hyaline, the veins and apex of corium brown; mem-
brane whitish-hyaline, the apical third or more with a fuscous blotch, this
bisected by a median pale line; beak and legs yellowish-white, the tibiae
and tarsi tinged with fuscous ; sterna pale brown with a leaden bloom ;
ventrals pale dull yellow, their sides darker. Antenna? pale brown, joint
1 slightly stouter and one-third longer than 2 ; 3 and 4 very slender, sub-
equal, each about one-half longer than 1 and 2 united. Head with a nar-
row impressed line between the brown stripes. Pronotum with basal two-

616 FAMILY XXIII. — CIMICID;£.

thirds strongly convex, hind margin broadly concave, humeral angles
prominent, nodulose, the margin behind them more reflexed than in fi-ont.
Corium with only the apical third and three veins coriaceous, remainder
membranous. Length, 2 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 24. One specimen taken from a ditch
along the margin of a pond in pine woodland one-half mile from
bay front. Apparently a neotropical submaritime species which
was described from Grenada and has not before been recorded
from this country. Uhler's types were taken in August and
September from a stream, and on a pool among grass and weeds
at 50 feet above the sea.

Family XXIII. CIMICID^E Latreille, 1804, 235.

The Bedbug Family.

Flat, broadly oval species of moderate size having the head
broad, declivent in front ; tylus stout, oblong, widened in front,
produced in front of base of antennae; beak short, stout, 3-
jointed (fig. 154) ; antennas slender, 4-jointed; ocelli absent;

eyes very small, protruding;
elytra reduced to mere pads on
the base of the abdomen;
scutellum short, broadly tri-
angular, its apex acute ; legs
short, subequal, tarsi 3-
jointed, claws without arolia.

The family comprises only a
few widely distributed species

Fig. 154. Dorsal view of beak of bed- . . , . . . . .

bug with setae removed from sheath. Which are paraSltlC On birds

(After Lugger). , . . , .

and mammals, the best known
of which is the ordinary bedbug. Much has been written on
this household pest. The principal available literature pertain-
ing to it and our other species is by Uhler, 1884 ; Marlatt, 1896 ;
Osborn, 1892, 1896, and Horvath, 1910, 1912. One of the two
subfamilies is represented in the eastern states by two genera.

Subfamily I. CIMICIN^ Van Duzee, 1916, 33.

The members of this subfamily are distinguished by having
the head not inserted in thorax to eyes ; beak reaching between
the front coxae ; elytra with outer margins not reflexed ; middle
and hind coxae well separated.

THE BEDBUG FAMILY. 617

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF CIMM'IN.K.

a. Front margin of pronotum widely and deeply concave; pubescence
of body very short except along the margins; joint 3 of antennae
longer than 4. I. Cimex.

act. Front margin of pronotum shallowly concave, nearly straight at
middle; pubescence long and sericeous; joints 3 and 4 of antenna?
subequal. II. CEciacus.

I. Cimex Linnaeus, 1758, 441.

Head longer than median part of pronotum, broader across
the eyes than long, its hind portion broadly rounded ; antennae
with joints 1 and 2 much stouter than the others, joint 1 very
short, not surpassing tip of tylus, 2 and 3 each nearly as long as
head, 4 three-fifths the length of 3 ; thorax with side margins
broadly rounded, strongly reflexed ; margins of thorax and
elytra fringed with numerous curved hairs ; elytra each reduced
to a single short plate without membrane or clavus. Two
species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CIMEX.

a. Commissure of elytra shorter than scutellum; joint 2 of antenna?
slightly shorter than 3 ; fringing hairs of pronotal margin shorter
than width of eye. 593. lectularius.

act. Commissui'e of elyti*a longer than scutellum; joints 2 and 3 of anten-
na? equal in length; fringing hairs of pronotum longer than width
of eye. 594. pilosellus.

593 (836). Cimex lectularius Linna?us, 1758, 441.

Broadly oval. Color a uniform rather dark reddish-brown, often
with a yellowish tinge; antenna?, beak, tibia? and tarsi paler. Elytra
with hind margin nearly straight, their inner apical angle broadly
rounded. Abdomen very wide, suborbicular. Other characters as above
given. Length, 5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 155).

Lake and Marion counties, Ind., April 1 — June 5. Sao Paulo,
Brazil, Dec. 17; Santiago, Chile, Jan. 22 (W.S.B.). This is
the festive "bedbug," known the world over for its blood-suck-
ing propensities with man as the victim. It is doubtless com-
mon throughout Indiana and the entire United States, being
especially so in ill-kept houses and hotels. Like the flat-bodied
cosmopolitan cockroaches it easily conceals itself in crevices of
ships and so has followed everywhere man in his wanderings.
Marlatt (1896, 32) has given an excellent account of its habits
and distribution from which I quote as follows :

"This disgusting human parasite, the very discussion of which is
tabooed in polite society, is practically limited to houses of the meaner

618

FAMILY XXIII. — CIMICID^E.

sort, or where the owners are indifferent or careless, or to hostelries not
always of the cheaper kind. The careful housekeeper would feel it a signal
disgrace to have her chambers invaded by this insect and, in point of

fact, where ordinary care and
vigilance are maintained the
danger in this direction is very
slight. The presence of this
insect, however, is not neces-
sarily an indication of neglect
or carelessness, for, little as
the idea may be relished, it
may often gain access in spite
of the best of care and the
adoption of all reasonable pre-
cautions. It is very apt to get
into the trunks and satchels of
travelers, and may thus be in-
troduced into homes. Unfortu-
nately, also, it is quite capable
of migrating from one house to
another, and will often con-
tinue to come from an adjoin-
ing house, sometimes for a
period of several months, gain-
ing entrance daily. Such mi-
gration is especially apt to take place if the human inhabitants of an
infested house leave it. With the failure of their usual source of food,
the migratory instinct is developed, and escaping through windows, they
pass along walls, water pipes or gutters, and thus gain entrance into
adjoining houses.

"The bedbug is thoroughly nocturnal in habit and displays a certain
degree of wariness and caution, or intelligence, in its efforts at conceal-
ment during the day. It thrives particularly in filthy apartments and
in old houses which are full of cracks and crevices in which it can con-
ceal itself beyond easy reach. It usually leaves the bed at the approach
of daylight to go into concealment either in cracks in the bedstead, if it
be one of the old wooden variety, or behind wainscoting, or under loose
wall-paper, where it manifests its gregarious habit by collecting in masses
together. The old-fashioned heavy wooden bedsteads are especially
favorable for the concealment and multiplication of this insect, and the
general use in later years of iron and brass bedsteads has very greatly
facilitated its eradication. They are not apt to be very active in winter,
especially in cold rooms, and ordinarily hibernate in their places of
concealment.

"The bedbug, on account of its habits of concealment, is usually be-
yond the reach of powders, and ordinary insect powders, such as pyreth-
rum, are of practically no avail against it. If iron or brass bedsteads
are used the eradication of the insect is comparatively easy. The most

X 10. (After Lugger).

THE BEDBUG FAMILY.

619

practical way to effect this end is by very liberal applications of benzine
or kerosene, or any other of the petroleum oils. These must be introduced
into all crevices with small brushes or feathers, or by injecting with small
syringes. Corrosive sublimate is also of value, and oil of turpentine may
be used in the same way. The liberal use of hot water, wherever it may
be employed without danger to furniture, etc., is also an effectual method
of destroying both eggs and active bugs."

594 (837). Cimex pilosellus (Horvath), 1910, 12.

Broadly oval. Dark reddish-brown; scutellum fuscous; upper sur-
face rather sparsely punctate and clothed with moderately long, suberect
yellowish hairs. Pronotum with apex less deeply emarginate than in
lectularius; side margins narrowly but distinctly reflexed and ciliate
with long hairs. Scutellum three times as wide as long. Elytra with
inner margin or tips subtruncate and longer than scutellum; hind or
apical margin feebly curved, the outer angle strongly rounded. Femora
rather strongly swollen, not grooved beneath. Length, 3.8 — 4.3 mm.

Ranges from Maine westward to British Columbia and the
Pacific states ; in the east not recorded south of North Carolina.
Parasitic on various species of bats, and probably occurs with
them over the entire United States. Differs from the Euro-
pean bat bug, C. pipistrelli Jen., by the much more widely dilated
sides of pronotum.

II. (Eciacus Stal, 1873, 104.

In addition to the characters given in key, this genus differs
from Cimex in having the head subequal in length to median

part of pronotum ; joints 3 and 4
of antenna? less slender, filiform ;
apex of pronotum obtusely sinu-
ate, its front angles but little
prolonged ; elytral pads more nar-
rowed within. Two species are
known, one occurring in our ter-
ritory.

595 (838). CEciacus vicarius Hor-
vath, 1912, 261.

Broadly oval, abdomen almost
circular. Pale reddish-brown; tylus,
elytra, beak and legs dull yellow. Joint
1 of antenna? shorter than tylus, one-
Fig. 156, x 12. (After Lugger). third the length of 2; 3 and 4 subequal

in length, each slightly longer than 2.
Pronotum more than twice as wide as long at middle, disk coarsely
sparsely punctate, sides rounded, narrowly reflexed, front angles obtuse,
hind ones rounded, hind margin truncate. Elytra very short, trans-

620 SUPERFAMILY MIROIDEjE.

versely oblong, disk coarsely punctate, inner apical angles narrowly
rounded. Dorsal segments of abdomen each with four or five transverse
rows of close-set punctures, each puncture, as well as those of pronotum
and elytra, bearing a long inclined yellowish hair. Femora distinctly
swollen, their front side flattened and with a wide shallow groove.
Length, 3.6—4.5 mm. (Fig. 156).

Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, July 29 ; taken from the nest of cliff
swallow (Davis). Ranges from Nova Scotia and New England
west to Iowa, Colorado and California. Not taken but probably
occurs in Indiana. Not recorded from the southern states.
Occurs in the nests of chimney swifts and swallows and prob-
ably of wide distribution throughout our territory.

Superfamily MIROIDEiE Kirkaldy, 1906a, 369.

Small species of variable, but usually oval, flattened form and
delicate texture having the antennae 4-jointed, longer than
head, the two apical joints usually more slender than the basal
ones ; pronotum always present ; scutellum usually distinct ;
elytra of macropterous forms (except in Cryptostemmatidse)
with five divisions, viz., clavus, corium, embolium, cuneus and
membrane, the embolium not always distinct, the veins of mem-
brane either free or forming one or two closed cells (fig. 1) ;
meso- and metasterna separated by a distinct suture ; front
legs never raptorial ; tarsal claws, except in some Miridae, with
out arolia; last two or more ventrals or genital segments of
female cleft along the middle and enclosing between them a
narrow grooved sheath for the ovipositor (pi. VIII, figs. 9
and 11). The superfamily, as thus characterized, comprises
six of our eastern families.

KEY TO EASTERN' FAMILIES OF MIROIDE.F:.

a. Ocelli present.
b. Tarsi 3-jointed.
c. Beak 3-jointed; joints 3 and 4 of antennae usually very slender, and
beset with numerous long spreading hairs (pi. VII, fig. 2).
d. Membrane in macropterous forms well defined and with one to
four free longitudinal veins, these often faint or obsolete; head
porrect; both macropterous and brachypterous forms known;
osteola present; length, 1.8 or more mm. Terrestrial or arbo-
real, often beneath bark; mainly predaceous.

Family XXIV. ANTHOCORlD,E,T"a p. 621.

dd. Membrane absent or very poorly defined ; disk of corium with one

or two longitudinal veins reaching almost to apex (pi. VII, figs.

70a Since the pages treating of this family were in type, there has appeared a
paper by Drake & Harris (T92t!) in which seven new species from the eastern states
are described. These are not included in this work.

KEY TO FAMILIES OF MIRIOIDE^E. 621

1, 9 and 13) ; head usually strongly declivent; macropterous

forms only known; osteola absent; length (in our species) less

than 1.8 mm. Terrestrial, usually hygrophilous; food habits

unknown. Family XXV. Cryptostemmatid^e, p. 646.

cc. Beak 4-jointed; joints 3 and 4 of antennae without long hairs, joint

2 longer than the others united (pi. VIII, fig. 4) ; membrane

with one or two closed cells (pi. VIII, fig. 10) ; head either

porrect or vertical; length less than 2.8 mm. Arboreal, living

among lichens on the bark. Family XXVI. Isometopid^e, p. 652.

bb. Tarsi 2-jointed ; beak 4-jointed, the third joint very small, or 3-

jointed; venation of elytra as in pi. VIII, fig. 2; length less than

1.5 mm. Habits unknown.

Family XXVII. Microphysid^e, p. 658.
aa. Ocelli absent; beak 4-jointed; tarsi (except in Peritropis) 3-jointed.
e. Joint 1 of beak scarcely longer than broad, not extending backward
beyond middle of eyes; membrane with a single large semicir-
cular cell; length, 4 mm. Habits unknown.

Family XXVIII. Termatophylid^e, p. 659.
ee. Joint 1 of beak longer than broad, generally surpassing hind mar-
gin of head; membrane with two, sometimes only one, small cells
near base. Terrestrial, thamnophilous or arboreal ; usually phy-
tophagous, rarely predaceous. Family XXIX. Mirid^e, p. 660.

Family XXIV. ANTHOCORID^ Amyot & Serville, 1843, 262.

The Flower-bugs.

Very small oval or oblong-oval sub-depressed bugs having the
head long, porrect, inserted in thorax to or almost to eyes ;
tylus stout, prominent, protruding between and in front of
bases of antennae, its apex blunt ; ocelli present ; bucculae want-
ing; beak 3-jointed, its apex acuminate, the first joint usually
shorter than head ; antennas 4-jointed ; pronotum short, more
or less trapezoidal; scutellum small, triangular; mesoscutum
in part or wholly visible ; elytra usually present, covering the
abdomen and with a distinct cuneus and embolium ; membrane
without closed cells, its veins few or wanting; legs short, sub-
equal in length, the front ones not raptorial, tarsi 3-jointed ;
metasternum with a more or less distinct osteolar channel con-
necting with the scent glands. Males with a single asym-
metrical genital plate ; genitals of females with a narrow
median sheath flanked on each side with two large triangular
plates.

About 200 species are known, distributed in all parts of the
world. They occur beneath loose bark, between the culms and
leaf-stems of plants, under piles of decaying weeds and dead

622 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORID^.

leaves, in decaying fleshy fungi, in the heads of flowers and
occasionally in the nests of birds and mammals. Some are
known to be predaceous, feeding on small, soft-bodied insects,
which they find among the anthers of flowers. Fewer than 40
species are known from America north of Mexico. These are
divided among three subfamilies. The principal literature
treating of them is by Reuter, 1871, 1884; Uhler, 1894a, 1894b;
Champion, 1900, and Parshley, 1920, 1923.

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OP ANTHOCORIN.K.

(i. Basal margin of pronotum not deeply emarginate; scutellum not
transversely sulcate; cell of the inner wings with a hamus.
b. Third and fourth joints of antenna? slender, linear and beset with
numerous long hairs; hamus with a connecting vein; front femora
usually more or less swollen. Subfamily I. LyctocoriNvE, p. 622.
bb. Third and fourth joints of antennae short, fusiform, their hairs very
short; hamus without a connecting vein; front femora never
swollen. Subfamily II. Anthocorin^e, p. 633.

aa. Basal margin of pronotum deeply emarginate; scutellum transverse-
ly sulcate; cell of the wings without a hamus.

Subfamily III. Dufouriellin^e, p. 639.

Subfamily I. LYCTOCORIN^E Reuter, 1884, 4.

To this subfamily, as above separated, belong the majority
of our eastern species. They are distributed among four
genera, distinguished as follows :

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF LYCTOCORINiE.

a. Sides of pronotum distinctly margined, the margins reflexed; apex
of abdomen without long setae; elytra everywhere thickly punctate.

I. Lyctocoris, p. 623.
aa. Sides of pronotum not or very rarely margined, usually strongly
deflexed in front of middle; apex of abdomen bearing several or
numerous long setae; elytra at most in part punctate, often wholly
smooth.
b. Margins of pronotum and elytra in macropterous forms ciliate;
elytra and apical half of scutellum opaque, often pilose; beak
reaching middle coxae; sides of pronotum not sinuate or emar-
ginate; osteolar channel curved backward toward apex of meta-
sternal plate. II. Lasiochilus, p. 625.

bb. Margins of pronotum and elytra not distinctly ciliate; elytra and
apical half of scutellum usually shining; osteolar channel curved
forward.
c. Sides of pronotum deflexed, not margined; transverse impression
near front of pronotum very fine, scarcely distinguishable, placed
between the deflexed apical angles; front femora more or less
swollen; clavus impunctate. III. Xylocoris, p. 627.

SUBFAMILY I. — LYCTOCORIN^E.

623

cc. Sides of front half of pronotum near apex with a narrow acute
margin; transverse impression near front margin of pronotum
distinct, placed before the apical angles; front femora long,
slender; clavus with two or three rows of punctures.

IV. ASTHENIDEA, p. 630.

I. Lyctocoris Hahn, 1835, 19.

Oblong or oblong-oval, usually subopaque almost glabrous
species having the head about as long as the middle of prono-
tum, tylus stout, its apex truncate, eyes large, placed close to
base of head ; pronotum with sides margined from near base to
apex, the margins refiexed, front angles rounded, not deflexed,
hind margin widely sinuate; elytra entire, reaching apex of
abdomen ; front coxae short, subcontiguous ; front femora elon-
gate, fusiform, but slightly swollen, unarmed ; osteolar channel
nearly straight, joining at a sharp right angle a very fine
carina which extends to front margin of metasternal plate.
Males with a short spongy fossa at apex. Three of the five
known species occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LYCTOCORIS.

a. Membrane with but one distinct vein; beak reaching middle coxae,
its first joint scarcely surpassing base of eyes. 596. CAMPESTRis.
aa. Membrane with four distinct veins; beak reaching hind coxa?, its
first joint as long as or longer than head.
b. First joint of beak about as long as head; second joint of antenna?
one-fifth longer than width of head across eyes. 597. STALII.

bb. First joint of beak reaching onto prosternum; second joint of an-
tennas three-fifths longer than width of head across eyes.

598. ELONGATUS.

Fig. 157, X 10.
(After Lugger).

596 (840). Lyctocoris campestris (Fabri-
cius), 1794, 75.
Oblong-oval. Dark reddish to fuscous-
brown; second joint of antennae, except apex,
elytra in great part and legs pale brownish-
yellow; cuneus, apex of clavus and corium
and a spot on each connexival fuscous or
dusky; membrane hyaline with a dusky tinge.
Head subequal in length to width across
eyes, stouter and less prolonged in front of
eyes than in our other two species. Joint 1
of antennae scarcely reaching tip of tylus, 2
as long as head, 3 and 4 very slender, sub-
equal in length. Other characters as above
given. Length, 3.5 — 3.8 mm. (Fig. 157).

Kankakee, 111., Aug. 24 (Gerhard).

624 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORID^E.

Raleigh, N. Car., Dec. 4 (Brimley). A cosmopolitan species
ranging in this country from Quebec and New England west to
Wisconsin and Colorado and southwest to North Carolina,
Texas and Mexico. It has been described under 13 different
names, the two formerly most used in this country being L.
fitchii Reut. and /.. domesticus (Schill.) Reuter states (1884, 8)
that in Europe it occurs in houses, stables, cow-sheds, the nests
of swallows, piles of grain, vineyards, gardens and beneath
bark. Uhler (1878, 417) says that: "In Maryland they live
beneath the loose bark of decaying trees such as oak and
liriodendron, but most likely are not confined to those kinds of
trees. Specimens from beneath bark where the debris is wet
and plastic are more robust, plethoric and darkly colored than
others which I have found in drier places."

597 (843). Lyctocoris stalii (Reuter), 1871, 558.

Oblong or elongate-oval. Dark reddish-brown, feebly shining, almost
glabrous; thorax, scutellum and cuneus often fuscous-brown; antennae
and legs pale brownish-yellow, the former with joints 3 and 4 often
darker; base of embolium, apex of clavus and a vague spot on inner apical
angle of embolium often dull yellow; membrane dusky-hyaline, paler
towards base. Head slightly longer than wide across the eyes. Joints
3 and 4 of antenna? subequal, each about two-thirds the length of 2.
Pronotum at base about twice as wide as long at middle and nearly twice
as wide as apex; disk with a wide shallow transverse median impression,
behind this finely rugose-punctate. Scutellum as long as the middle of
pronotum, its elevated basal portion almost smooth, apical portion rugu-
lose. Elytra entire, reaching apex of abdomen. Length, 3.8 — 4.2 mm.

Putnam, Vigo, Jennings and Posey counties, Ind., scarce,
May 2 — Oct. 7 ; taken from beneath loose bark of walnut and
from a mass of dry decayed fleshy fungus at base of red oak
stump. Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 20, one from beneath bark of dead
oak ; this the first definite station record for that State. Hey-
worth, 111., Aug. 14 (Gerhard). Raleigh, Aberdeen and Lake
Waccamaw, N. Car., Feb. 10 — Oct. 11 (Brimley). Ranges from
New York west to Missouri and south and southwest to Florida
and Texas. Recorded also from California and Vancouver's
Island.

598 (842). Lyctocoris elongatus (Reuter), 1871, 558.

Form of stalii but averaging longer. Color darker, the upper sur-
face being a nearly uniform fuscous-brown ; inner apical angle of
embolium usually with a faint yellowish spot; antenna? and legs darker,
the former dark reddish- to fuscous-brown, the femora sometimes piceous-
brown; under surface dark reddish-brown, the middle of abdomen often

SUBFAMILY I. — LYCTOCORIIsLE. 625

paler in female. Joint 2 of antennae distinctly longer than in stalii, 3
slightly longer than 4, about one-half the length of 2. Pronotum with
transverse impression less evident, the hind margin much more deeply
concave, so that the median area behind the impression is distinctly
shorter, and the humeral angles longer than in stalii; sides feebly sinuate
and more deflexed than there. Scutellum larger, its apical half natter,
more finely rugose. Membrane with two median veins less distinct.
Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 20 ; one specimen taken from beneath
bark of dead pine (W.S.B.). Spring Hill, Ala., March 12
(Gerhard). Lakehurst, N. J., Sept. 6 (Davis). Recorded here-
tofore only from South Carolina and Idaho. The darker color,
more deeply concave hind margin and more strongly deflexed
sides of pronotum and larger scutellum are the principal char-
acters other than those given in key which separate this
species from stalii.

II. Lasiochilus Reuter, 1871, 562.

Very small, oblong or oblong-oval pubescent species, having
the head as wide across the eyes as long, narrowed behind into
a short neck; beak reaching to or slightly behind middle coxae;
joint 1 of antennae usually reaching to or slightly surpassing
apex of head, 2 dilated toward apex, twice or more longer than
1, 3 and 4 very slender, subequal, beset with long stiff hairs ;
pronotum in macropterous forms subtrapezoidal, its base twice
as wide as apex, disk with an ill-defined transverse impression ;
elytra usually entire and covering the abdomen, opaque and
bearing numerous inclined yellowish hairs ; front femora elon-
gate-fusiform, moderately swollen, more so in the males ; tibiae
spinulose, usually enlarged toward apex which is obliquely
truncate in males ; third joint of hind tarsi as long as the others
united. Other characters as in generic key. More than 20
species are known, only three of which occur with us.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF LASIOCHILUS.

a. Length, 2.5 or more mm.; elytra entire.

b. Color a nearly uniform brownish-yellow or pale reddish-brown;

clavus with four or five nearly regular rows of fine but distinct

punctures ; margins of pronotum and embolium with a fringe of

rather long yellowish hairs. 599. PALLIDULUS.

66. Color fuscous or dark reddish-brown; clavus not or very obsoletely

punctate; margins of pronotum and embolium with a fringe of

short hairs. 600. FUSCULUS.

aa. Length not more than 1.5 mm.; elytra abbreviated, reaching only

to base of third dorsal. 601. gerhardi.

626 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORID;£.

599 (844). Lasiochilus pallidulus Reuter, 1871, 562.
Elongate-oblong. Pale brownish-yellow, often with a slight fuscous

tinge; head, pronotum and basal half of scutellum shining; antennae and
legs concolorous, the basal joints of the former often darker. Joint 1 of
antennae slightly surpassing tip of tylus, 2 and 3 subequal, each about
one-third longer than head, 4 slightly longer than 3. Beak reaching
middle coxae. Pronotum as long as head, hind angles acute, sides con-
verging from base to apex, deflexed in front of middle; disk finely punc-
tate, each puncture bearing a long, very fine hair, hind margin broadly
and shallowly concave. Scutellum with apical half depressed, opaque,
rugose-punctate. Elytra opaque, slightly surpassing tip of abdomen, both
clavus and inner margin of corium distinctly punctate, elsewhere very
finely punctate, each puncture with a long yellowish hair. Length,
2.5—3.3 mm.

Dunedin, Ft. Myers, Everglade and R. P. Park, Fla., Novem-
ber— April. I have found this to be one of the most common
Anthocorids in southern Florida, occurring mainly in low wet
places. In autumn and spring it frequents the tall dead grasses
and weeds along the margins of ponds and lakes ; in winter it
hides beneath boards, piles of weeds and other cover in the
vicinity of water. At Ft. Myers in late March it was sifted in
numbers from the debris on the mucky bottom of an extinct
wet-weather pond. Occurs occasionally at light. Ranges from
South Carolina, southwest to Florida, Texas, Mexico and the
West Indies. Uhler (1894a, 198) records the taking of it in
numbers in Grenada, in April, while flying over open places at
sunset.

600 (845). Lasiochilus fusculus Reuter, 1871, 563.

Elongate-oval. Head, pronotum and mesoscutum dark chestnut- to
piceous-brown, strongly shining; remainder of upper surface fuscous-
brown, opaque; cuneus usually slightly darker than corium; membrane
dusky, its apical margin pale; antennae reddish-brown, the terminal joints
darker; femora dark reddish-brown to piceous; beak, tibiae and tarsi pale
brownish-yellow. Antennae with third and fourth joints subequal, each
distinctly shorter than second. Pronotum shorter than in pallidulus, the
transverse impression nearer its base, the short area behind it finely
transversely rugose; front portion with a few scattered erect hairs.
Scutellum finely transversely rugose. Elytra very finely and sparsely
punctate, each puncture furnished with a short very fine inclined hair.
Femora shorter and more swollen than in pallidulus; tibiae with numerous
setae. Length, 2.5 — 2.8 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., scarce, July 10 — Oct. 1.
Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 18— Dec. 17 (W.S.B.). Westfield, N. J.,
Sept. 4 (Davis). Willow Springs, 111., July 8— Aug. 21 (Ger-

SUBFAMILY I. — LYCTOCORIN^E. 627

hard) . Taken in Indiana from beneath bark of oak ; in Florida
by sifting weed debris and beneath bark of dead pine. Not
before recorded from Florida. Known in this country hereto-
fore only from New York, South Carolina and Texas. Re-
corded by Uhler from Grenada. The much darker color, shorter
hairs on margins of pronotum and elytra, more basal impres-
sion of pronotum and obsoletely punctate clavus easily dis-
tinguish it from pallidulus.

601 ( — ). Lasiochilus gerhardi sp. nov.

Oval, widest behind middle. Color a uniform pale reddish-brown,
strongly shining. Elytra and abdomen both above and beneath clothed
with rather long and coarse inclined yellow hairs. Head subconical, about
as wide across the eyes as long, its apex obtuse, but slightly narrowed be-
hind eyes, the vertex convex; eyes very small, widely separated above and
beneath, placed on sides at basal third of head. Beak reaching between
middle coxas. Joint 1 of antenna? short, stout, not reaching tip of tylus ;
2 subclavate, twice as long, with apex as thick, as 1 ; 3 and 4 more slen-
der, subequal, each about one-third longer than 2, both they and apical
half of 2 thickly beset with long spreading hairs. Pronotum subquadrate,
its apex but little narrower than base, sides deflexed in front of middle,
not margined, hind margin truncate; disk with front portion smooth,
convex, a fine but distinct transverse line across basal third, this not
reaching sides, but bent backward at right angles, thus enclosing a trans-
verse depressed area wider than base of scutellum and in front of latter,
this area minutely punctate and pilose. Scutellum very finely transverse-
ly strigose. Elytra brachypterous, without definite divisions, reaching
base of third dorsal, their tips contiguous, broadly rounded; disk mi-
nutely alutaceous, rather thickly and very finely punctate, each puncture
enclosing a fine yellow hair. Abdomen widest behind the apices of elytra,
the last three dorsals narrowed, minutely thickly punctate and pilose.
Length, 1.2—1.5 mm.

Described from ten specimens, taken Dec. 31 — April 4, by
sifting weed debris and bases of tufts of grass along the water's
edge of the bay front near Dunedin, Fla. I take pleasure in
naming this very distinct little species in honor of my friend,
W. J. Gerhard, of Chicago, 111., a devoted student of the
Heteroptera who has shown me many favors in the prepara-
tion of this work.

III. Xylocoris Dufour, 1831, 423.

Small oval or oblong-oval subglabrous shining species hav-
ing the head about as wide across the eyes as long, immersed
in thorax almost to eyes ; beak reaching middle coxae ; prono-
tum subtrapezoidal, hind margin feebly sinuate or subtruncate,

628

FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORID^E.

disk with a transverse post-median impression, sides in front
of middle strongly deflexed, not margined or ciliate; elytra
usually dimorphic, in macropterous forms
reaching tip of abdomen, in brachypter-
ous not farther back than fourth dorsal;
front femora swollen ; front tibiae of males
much enlarged near apex, obliquely trun-
cate, spinose beneath ; osteolar channel
long, curved forward at middle, almost or
quite reaching front margin of meta-
pleura. About 20 species are known, four
from our territory. These have been
mostly recorded or described under the
generic name Piesostethus Fieb., a synonym
of Xylocoris. (Fig. 158).

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF XYLOCORIS.

Fig. 158. Xylocoris cali
fornicus Reut., X 8.
(After Lugger).

Elytra wholly or in great part dull white or
straw-yellow; macropterous forms only
known.

b. Elytra uniformly pale straw-yellow, with at most the tips of clavus

and cuneus and outer margin of membrane fuscous; curve at
middle of osteolar channel obtusely angulate. 602. galactinus.
bb. Elytra dull grayish- or yellowish-white, the cuneus and commissure
and sometimes the margins of scutellum and embolium piceous-
brown; curve at middle of osteolar channel in the form of an
obtuse arc. 603. sordidus.

aa. Elytra in great part piceous-brown, brownish-yellow or black, mem-
brane in macropterous form white; both brachypterous and
macropterous forms known.

c. Head, pronotum and scutellum piceous-brown, feebly shining; elytra

brownish-yellow, subopaque, the corium in part, and inner basal
angle of cuneus dull yellow; length, 2.5 mm. 604. cursitans.
cc. Head, pronotum and scutellum black, strongly shining; elytra pice-
ous-black, the entire corium and inner basal angle of cuneus dull
white; length, 2 mm. 605. vicarius.

602 (846). Xylocoris galactinus (Fieber), 1836, 107.

Elongate-oval. Head, pronotum and scutellum dark chestnut-brown,
thinly clothed with short fine yellowish hairs. Elytra as in key, very
finely and sparsely pubescent; membrane milky-white, slightly iridescent;
legs brownish-yellow, the femora in part darker; under surface reddish-
brown. Joint 1 of antennae dark brown, reaching apical fourth of tylus,
2 brownish-yellow, the tip fuscous, three times the length of 1, 3 and 4
slender, subequal, each slightly shorter than 2. Pronotum with base
about one-third wider than apex; post median transverse impression dis-
tinct at middle, subobsolete on sides, disk in front of it almost smooth, in

SUBFAMILY I. — LYCTOCORINvE. 629

and behind it minutely rugose; side margins each with two erect slender
setae. Scutellum with median depression wide and deep. Elytra surpass-
ing tip of abdomen by one-third the length of membrane. Length,
2.8—3 mm.

Roselle Park, N. J., June 13 (Barber). A cosmopolitan
species ranging in this country from New York and New Jer-
sey west to Illinois and southwest to Florida, where it was
taken at Biscayne Bay by Mrs. Slosson. In England it is said
to be : "Plentiful near London, in spring and summer, among
the straw in heaps of stable-dung in fields."

603 (847). Xylocoris sordidus (Reuter), 1871, 560.

Elongate, slender. Head, pronotum and scutellum piceous-black,
subglabrous, moderately shining; elytra grayish- or yellowish-white, less
shining, the commissure and cuneus piceous; membrane whitish-hyaline,
dusky toward apex; antennae, beak, tibiae and tarsi pale brownish-yellow,
often tinged with fuscous; femora, except base, piceous. Joint 1 of
antennae scarcely reaching tip of tylus, 2 more than twice as long as 1,
3 three-fifths the length of 2, 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Pronotum
moderately narrowed toward apex; disk with a wide shallow impression
behind the middle, smooth in front of this, finely transversely rugose in
and behind it; basal margin subtruncate, the hind angles slightly pro-
longed. Apical portion of scutellum flattened, finely transversely rugose.
Elytra about reaching tip of abdomen, not surpassing it. Length,
2.7—3 mm.

Dunedin, R. P. Park and Cleveland, Fla., Nov. 14 — April 8;
the first record for that State. Taken from beneath bark of
dead pine and by sweeping herbage near water ; both adults and
nymphs on the later date. Ranges from New York and Pennsyl-
vania, southwest to Florida, Texas, Mexico, Central America
and the West Indies ; the northern records perhaps to be re-
ferred to the macropterous form of the next species. A form
with a purplish spot near outer margin of middle of each clavus
is var. binotatus Reut. (1871, 560).

604 (851). Xylocoris cursitans (Fallen), 1807, 74.

Elongate-oval, macropterous form ; more broadly oval, brachypterous
one. Color as in key, sparsely clothed with very fine grayish pubescence;
antennae piceous-brown ; femora piceous ; beak, tibiae and tarsi dull yellow
or reddish-brown. Antennae less than half the length of body, joints 2 — 4
densely hairy. Pronotum scarcely longer than head, its base subtrun-
cate; transverse impression very faint; disk finely and sparsely punctate
and with a small round fovea at middle of basal third. Elytra, brachyp-
terous form, brownish-yellow, reaching only to base of third dorsal, with
apex truncate, clavus and embolium obsolete and membrane very short.
Length, 2.3—2.5 mm.

630 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORIDjE.

Hamilton, Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., April 11 — Oct.
1 (//'. S\ B.). Staten Island, N. Y., April 12; Jamesburg, N. J.,
July 2 (Paris) . In Indiana the brachypterous form is frequent
locally beneath bark of beech and walnut logs or stumps, but
only one example of the long-winged form has been taken. It
is an introduced European, palaearctic species, heretofore re-
corded in this country only from New England, New York, New
Jersey and Michigan, but probably of wide distribution in the
northern states.

605 (849). Xylocoris vicarius (Reuter), 1884, 45.

Form of cursitans. Black or piceous-black, strongly shining, the
elytra in part pale as described in key; antenna? fuscous, their hairs yel-
lowish; tibia?, tarsi and apical half of beak brownish-yellow, base of beak
and femora piceous. Joints 2 and 4 of antennae subequal in length,
longer than the interocular width, 3 one-third shorter than 2. Prono-
tum trapezoidal, the base twice the width of apex, its sides subsinuate,
hind margin truncate, disk feebly convex, impunctate, the usual transverse
impression obsolete. Elytra in long-winged form reaching tip of abdo-
men ; in short-winged one only to base of third dorsal, the membrane
very short. Femora swollen, the front ones more strongly so. Length,
2—2.3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 23 — March 14. Taken from beneath
boards and other cover in barn yards and orange groves, mat-
ing Feb. 11; also beaten from bunches of Spanish moss. This
is the first definite station record for this country. Reuter's
types were from "Bogota and Americse septemtrionalis," and
were all macropterous. The small size, strongly shining black
color and smooth pronotum, devoid of even a transverse im-
pression, readily separate it from its allies. But one of the 13
specimens at hand is macropterous.

IV. Asthenidea Reuter, 1884, 48.

Oval or oblong-oval shining species having the neck behind
eyes stout, cylindrical, subequal in width to interocular area,
the head in front of neck as long as the width across the eyes ;
ocelli large for the family ; beak reaching onto mesosternum or
attaining the middle coxae; antennae slender, pilose, the second
joint swollen toward apex; pronotum trapezoidal, with ante-
apical transverse impression forming a distinct collar, sides
declivent and acutely margined, disk with an evident sub-
median transverse impression, the front portion with a smooth
calloused area, hind margin widely and feebly sinuate; elytra

SUBFAMILY I. — LYCTOCORIN^E. 631

entire, reaching tip of abdomen, the clavus always with two or
three rows, the corium usually with one or two rows, of more or
less distinct punctures ; membrane with veins wanting or
almost invisible; hind coxae contiguous; femora all elongate,
but little swollen. Genital segment of male oval, convex, some-
what contorted or twisted to one side. Three species are known
from our territory, two of which have not before been recorded
from this country.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ASTHENIDEA.

a. Femora piceous, paler toward apex; elytra yellowish-white, the outer
half of the cuneus blackish; punctures of clavus very small, al-
most invisible. 606. temnostethoides.
aa. Legs wholly pale; punctures of clavus distinct.

b. Elytra pale brownish-yellow, shining, distinctly pubescent, the

cuneus usually in part darker. 607. pallescens.

bb. Elytra dull grayish-white, subopaque, almost glabrous, the cuneus

in great part blackish. 608. semipicta.

606 (852). Asthenidea temnostethoides Reuter, 1884, 51.

Oblong-oval. Head, pronotum and scutellum dark chestnut-brown;
elytra as in key, the apical third of corium sometimes tinged with brown;
membrane dusky, translucent, paler toward base; fem-
ora piceous or dark brown, yellowish at tip; tibiae yel-
low, brownish at middle; coxa?, trochanters and tarsi dull
yellow; beak and ventrals dark brown, shining, sterna
yellowish. Joint 1 of antennae brown, scarcely reaching
tip of tylus ; 2 yellow, apical third brownish and visibly
thickened, three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 more slender,
subequal, pilose, pale fuscous, united slightly longer than
2. Pronotum with posterior transverse impression deep,
, ill defined ; calli each with a circular impression, area

Fig. lo9, X. 8. ' r

(After Drake, behind them minutely transversely strigose. Elytra sur-
16, N. Y. st! passing abdomen by one-half the length of membrane,
Coll. For.). minutely yellowish-pubescent; clavus with two or three

confused rows of small punctures ; corium smooth. Length, 2.2 — 2.5
mm. (Fig. 159).

Anna and Parker, 111., June 27 — July 14 (///. Nat. Hist. Surv.
Coll.). Described from Illinois. Recorded elsewhere only from
the Cranberry Lake region of New York.

607 ( — ). Asthenidea pallescens Reuter, 1884, 51.

Elongate-ovate. Color usually a nearly uniform pale brownish-
yellow; inner half of cuneus often tinged with fuscous; base of pro-
notum and scutellum, except apex, rarely wholly or in part piceous;
membrane dusky hyaline; apical joints of antennae tinged with fuscous,
beak and legs wholly pale. Beak reaching mesosternum, its basal joint

632 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORIDjE.

reaching middle of eyes. Antennae slender, slightly longer than head
and pronotum united; joint 1 reaching tip of tylus, 2 as long as head,
3 and 4 very slender, each about two-thirds the length of 2. Pronotum
trapezoidal, its base broadly and shallowly concave, less than twice as
wide as apex; disk with a wide and rather deep median transverse im-
pression, its front portion transversely convex, hind one depressed, finely
transversely rugose; sides of disk in front of middle somewhat de-
clivent, distinctly margined, broadly rounded. Elytra slightly surpass-
ing tip of abdomen, clavus with three rows of fine punctures, corium
and embolium very finely and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing
a rather long very fine inclined yellow hair. Length, 2.5 — 2.8 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Fla., March 14 — Dec. 12. A dozen or more
specimens taken by sifting decaying vegetation in low damp
places and by beating dead leaves of royal palm in a dense ham-
mock. Described from Vera Cruz, Mexico; known elsewhere
only from Guatemala and Nicaragua; this being the first rec-
ord for this country.

608 ( — ). ASTHENIDEA SEMIPICTA sp. nov.

Elongate-oblong. Head, except tylus, pronotum, basal half of scu-
tellum and under surface piceous-black, strongly shining; apical half of
scutellum and cuneus, except inner basal angle, fuscous-black, sub-
opaque ; elytra pale clay-yellow or grayish-white, almost glabrous, feebly
shining; tylus, beak and legs testaceous, often more or less tinged with
fuscous. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? pale brownish-yellow, 3 and 4 dusky
yellow; 1 reaching tip of tylus, 2 three times as long as 1, 3 and 4 sub-
equal, each two-thirds the length of 2. Pronotum about twice as wide
at base as apex, sides feebly sinuate, very finely margined ; disk with
main transverse impression at basal third, the front portion smooth and
transversely convex or calloused ; hind portion finely rugose-punctate,
basal margin shallowly and broadly concave. Elytra entire, surpassing
abdomen by nearly one-half the length of membrane; clavus with three
rows of distinct punctures; corium with a single row of similar punc-
tures along the inner edge. Length, 2.5 — 2.8 mm.

Miami, R. P. Park and Ft. Myers, Fla., March 11— April 9.
Taken at Ft. Myers by sifting debris from the bed of an ex-
tinct pond ; at Miami by beating along the edge of Brickell
Hammock, and at the Park by sifting the nest of a wood rat
found in the base of a clump of cat-tails and other vegetable
debris. The head is much longer than in the type of A. picta
(Uhl.), a West Indian species, with which specimens were com-
pared by China. Resembles temnostethoides, but legs wholly pale
and clavus much more distinctly punctate.

SUBFAMILY II. — ANTHOCORHSL-E. 633

Subfamily II. ANTHOCORIN^E Reuter, 1884, 55.

Small oblong or elongate-oval species having the last two
joints of antennae fusiform or linear, sometimes compressed,
never filiform or pilose with long hairs ; hamus in the cell of
inner wings with a lower branch which extends down toward
the original vein ; front femora never much swollen ; front
tibiae of male simple, the apex not dilated. Four genera are
represented in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF ANTHOCORIN.E.

a. Front lobe of pronotum narrow and subcorneal, its apex forming a
continuous outline with the cylindrical neck of head ; humeral
angles of pronotum dentiform or nodulose; membrane with only
one vein. I. Macrotracheliella, p. 633.

aa. Pronotum trapezoidal, its outline not continuous with neck; humeral
angles not dentiform or nodulose; membrane with three or four
veins.
b. Collar of pronotum distinct; membrane with four veins, the inner
ones sometimes very faint; second joint of antenna? distinctly
longer than width of interocular area.
c. Sides of pronotum not or very slightly flattened ; corium not or
obsoletely punctate; sides of osteolar channel not elevated to-
ward apex. II. Anthocoris, p. 634.
cc. Sides of apical half of pronotum with the margins distinctly flat-
tened; corium rather densely and finely punctate; sides of oste-
olar channel elevated toward apex. III. Tetraphleps, p. 635.
bb. Collar of pronotum wanting; membrane with three veins; second
joint of antenna? not longer than width of interocular area.

IV. Orius, p. 637.

I. Macrotracheliella Champion, 1900, 322.

Small oblong sparsely pubescent, shining species having the
head as long as pronotum and continuous with the outline of
the latter ; eyes distant from front of pronotum ; beak not
reaching front coxae ; pronotum with a short collar, its hind lobe
short, wide, with sides rapidly converging, the basal margin
rather deeply and widely concave and humeral angles either
prolonged as a short outward-projecting tooth or nodulose
above ; embolium of elytra narrow, linear ; mesosternum convex
with a short median carina in front ; osteolar channel long,
curved forward, and reaching both side and front margins of
metapleurum. Two species are known, one from Mexico and
Panama, the other from New England.

634 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORID^E.

609 (852%). Macrotracheliella nigra Parshley, 1917c, 38.

Elongate-oblong, narrowed in front. Black, strongly polished; very
sparsely clothed above and beneath with fine, stiff erect hairs; membrane
dark fuscous, its margins adjoining cuneus and inner basal angle whitish;
tarsi dark brown. Antenna? with joints 1 and 2, apical half of 3 and
base of 4, black, finely pilose, basal half of 3 dull yellow, apical portion
of 4 piceous; joint 1 not quite reaching tip of tylus, 2 twice as long as
1, enlarged toward apex; 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 more slender,
strongly tapering, nearly as long as 2. Pronotum as above described,
basal lobe convex, declivent forward, its hind angles slightly knobbed.
Scutellum with basal half convex, very finely punctate, apical half fiat,
finely transversely rugose. Membrane surpassing abdomen. Length,
2.3—2.5 mm.

Sherborn, Mass., September 6 — 20 (Frost) ; taken by sifting
dead leaves and other vegetable debris. Known only from
Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

II. Anthocoris Fallen, 1814, 9.

Elongate-oblong, usually finely pubescent shining species,
rather large for the family and having the head longer than the
width across eyes; beak reaching or slightly surpassing front
coxae, its first joint not reaching front of eyes ; pronotum trape-
zoidal, its base widely and shallowly concave, the disk with an
ill defined median transverse groove ; elytra with sides parallel
to apical third, the suture of the cuneus distinct; apex of ab-
domen with long exserted hairs ; hind coxae
narrowly separated. About 20 species
have been described, two from our terri-
tory, but these are herewith treated as
synonyms, as there are few if any distin-
guishing characters in the original descrip-
tions.

610 (861). Anthocoris musculus (Say), 1832,
32; I, 357.

Elongate-oblong. Black or piceous-black,
shining; elytra piceous-brown, the outer half of
(After clavus and basal half of corium grayish-white;
xra^e'sIt'roiil.>UFor'N)° 16' membrane whitish-hyaline, the apical half dusky;
beak dark reddish-brown, legs paler. Joints 1 and
4 of antenna? fuscous-black; 2 and 3 reddish-brown at base; 1 reaching
tip of tylus, 2 almost as long as head, 3 one-half the length of 2, two-
thirds shorter than 4. Pronotum with sides behind the front angles mar-
gined and slightly flattened; disk nearly everywhere very finely trans-
versely rugose. Apical portion of scutellum similarly rugose. Elytra,

SUBFAMILY II. — ANTHOCORIN^E. 635

except membrane, minutely and sparsely punctate, each puncture bear-
ing a very fine, short inclined hair. Length, 3.5 — 3.7 mm. (Fig. 160).

Marion, Vigo and Posey counties, Ind., Jan. 12 — Sept. 24,
scarce ; taken in winter beneath the bark of dead willow trees,
in spring while sifting dead leaves from about the bases of
stumps, and in autumn from foliage of cottonwood. Willow
Springs, 111., Feb. 22 (Gerhard) . As noted above, I consider the
A. boreal is Dallas (1852, 588), described from Hudson's Bay, a
synonym of Say's species. The few structural characters which
he mentions all agree with those given by Say. Combining
the published records of the two forms, the known range of
the species extends from Hudson's Bay and New England west
to Colorado, with many gaps intervening. It is evidently a
palsearctic American species, the Indiana stations being the
most southern known. Van Duzee (1894, 180) mentions it as
found near Buffalo, N. Y. : "Occasionally on the trunks of black
willow trees and about osier bushes ; sometimes very active in
the bright July sunshine about these trees. Also taken in Feb-
ruary hibernating." In Colorado it was found in August above
timber line on Clematis and other plants on the steep side of
the mountains.

III. Tetraphleps Fieber, 1860, 262.

Medium sized oblong or oval pubescent species having the
eyes slightly distant from pronotum ; beak reaching onto
mesosternum, joint 1 not reaching eyes, 2 more than twice the
length of 3 ; joint 2 of antennae clavate, 4 fusiform ; pronotum
with sides flattened and in front curved inward, reaching for-
ward beyond the base of pronotal collar; hind margin widely
and shallowly concave ; elytra densely and finely punctate, the
cuneus very long, membrane with four distinct veins ; apex of
abdomen with long exserted hairs ; hind coxae approximate ;
osteolar channel nearly straight, prominently elevated toward
apex. Four of the seven known species occur on coniferous
trees in the eastern states.71

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OP TETRAPHLEPS.

a. General color dark brown or piceous; joint 2 of antennae equal in
length to width of head across eyes.
b. Beak not reaching middle coxa?; elytra pale brown, the apex of
clavus, corium and embolium darker. 611. Americana.

71The T. canadensis Prov., known only by the single type, is not included in
the key, as the distinctive characters given in the original description are insufficient.

636 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORID^E.

bb. Beak reaching- between middle coxa?; elytra dark brown, the greater
part of embolium and cuneus paler. 612. osborni.

aa. General color a uniform pale brown; joint 2 of antennae longer.

613. UNIFORMIS.

611 ( — ). Tetraphleps Americana Parshley, 1920, 84.

Oblong-oval. Dark piceous-brown, shining; upper surface clothed
with conspicuous pale inclined pubescence and with a few erect scat-
tered seta?; color of elytra as in key; membrane brownish-hyaline, with
basal and two lateral spots paler, the basal suture black; under surface
and legs dark piceous, sterna, pleura? and tips of femora paler. Anten-
na? piceous, one-fifth longer than head and pronotum united, joint 1
reaching middle of cheeks, 2 pale at middle, as long as width of head
across eyes, 3 and 4 subequal, united one-third longer than 2, 3 cylin-
drical, 4 fusiform. Head slightly longer than wide. Pronotum with flat-
tened side margins narrow, not reaching middle of collar, disk finely
rugose, its hind portion minutely, sparsely but distinctly punctate. Other
characters as under genus heading. Length, 3.3 — 3.7 mm.

Originally described from two females taken at Peaks Is-
land, Maine, Aug. 3, and Ottawa, Ontario, Sept. 1 ; not recorded
elsewhere.

612 ( — ). Tetraphleps osborni Drake, 1923, 67.

Elongate-oval. Head and pronotum dark piceous, shining; elytra
as in key; membrane dusky-hyaline with pale streaks along the veins;
legs dull yellow, the tarsi and basal third of femora
fuscous-brown ; ventrals piceous tinged with reddish-
brown. Antenna? dark brown, joint 1 thi'ee-fifths
the length of 3, 2 paler, as long as 1 and 3 united,
3 and 4 subequal. Upper surface clothed with fine
grayish prostrate hairs. Pronotum with collar and
basal portion finely transversely rugose, median
portion with a smooth crescent-shaped area. Length,
3.2—3.5 mm. (Fig. 161).

Known only from the Cranberry Lake
region, N. Y., where it was common, July —
1 September, on white pine, Pinus strobus L.

( After Drake. Tech! _

Pub. xo. 16, x. Y. st. 613 ( — ). Tetraphleps uniformis Parshlev,
Coll. Agr.). 1920,85.

Oblong-oval. Color a nearly uniform pale brown, head slightly
darker; membrane pale smoky brown, with vague spot at base and mid-
dle of each vein paler, tibia? and tips of femora pale straw-yellow. An-
tenna? one-third longer than head and pronotum united, joint 1 reaching
apex of cheeks, 2 slightly longer than width of head across eyes. Head
as long as wide. Pronotum with basal half distinctly transversely ru-
gose, its punctures minute. Length. 3.6 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — ANTHOCORIN^E. 637

The type and only recorded specimen is a female taken on
Mt. Washington, N. Hamp. by Mrs. A. T. Slosson.

614 ( — ). Tetraphleps canadensis Provancher, 1886, 90.

"Black with testaceous elytra. Head long and narrow, the epistome
(tylus?) reaching beyond the cheeks. Antennae less than half the length
of body, second segment longest, the last two fusiform. Elytra of a brown-
ish shade towai'd middle, with a very long cuneus ; membrane more or less
obscure with four very distinct longitudinal veins. Under side black.
Legs reddish-brown. Length, .18 inch (4.5 mm.).

"A single specimen (female) taken by us at Cap Rouge."

The above is a free translation of the original description.
Except in the greater length, it will apply in a general way to
either T. americana or T. osborni.

IV. Orius72 Wolff, 1811, IV.

Very small oval or oblong-oval finely pubescent species hav-
ing the head never longer than wide across eyes ; beak not pass-
ing front coxae, its first joint not reaching eyes ; joint 1 of an-
tennae reaching tip of tylus, 2 swollen toward apex, especially
so in male, not longer than width of vertex; 3 and 4 linear,
subequal, together but slightly longer than 2 ; pronotum trape-
zoidal, its basal margin feebly sinuate, front margin truncate,
disk finely rugose and with but a faint transverse median
groove, sides almost straight, finely margined ; scutellum with
basal portion strongly convex, apical portion flat, in our species
very finely rugose; elytra entire, passing tip of abdomen by
half the length of membrane, both cuneus and membrane quite
large ; hind coxae approximate ; osteolar canal long, continued
as a narrow obtusely curved carina as far as the base of the
metapleuron. About 20 species are known, two occurring in
our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ORIUS.

a. Basal joint of antennae and femora wholly or in great part piceous;
elytra in part black. 615. INSIDIOSUS.

ua. Antennae and legs wholly pale; elytra almost wholly pale straw-
yellow, the cuneus slightly tinged with fuscous. 616. pumilio.

615 (864). Orius insidiosus (Say), 1832, 32; I, 357.

Oblong-oval. Black, shining, minutely pubescent; elytra yellowish-
white or pale straw-yellow, the cuneus, tips of corium and embolium, and
sometimes (tvisticolor White) the entire clavus dark piceous-brown ;

T-'This generic name has priority over Triphleps Fieber (1860. 266) under which
our species have been previously placed.

J

638 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORID^E.

membrane whitish-hyaline; antennae yellow, the basal joint blackish;
beak, hind tibia? and femora, except at apex, piceous-brown ; remainder
of legs brownish-yellow, often in part tinged with fuscous. Middle of
front portion of pronotum calloused and nearly
smooth, the remainder of disk finely, thickly, ru-
gosely punctate. Other structural characters as
under generic heading. Length, 1.8 — 2 mm. (Fig.
162).

This is the most common Anthocorid and
one of the most common of the Heteroptera
found in this country, ranging throughout
southern Canada, over almost the entire
United States, and south to the West In-

Fig. 162. X 16. '

(Alter Riley). dies, Brazil and Argentina. It lives m or on
the heads of various flowers, especially those of Compositse,
where it feeds on plant lice and other small, soft-bodied insects
and their eggs and larvae. In Indiana the adults are common
from about May 10 to December. In Florida I have taken it
only at Dunedin, R. P. Park and Lakeland, either by sweeping
or beneath boards, but it has been recorded by Barber from
Jacksonville, Punta Gorda and several intervening stations.
Uhler (1877, 427) says that in Maryland it "is found on the
ox-eye daisy and other wild flowers, and in gardens sometimes
abounds upon the small fruits, sucking their juices and giving
the berries a nauseous taste." It has been recorded by Garman
and Jewett (1914) as frequenting young corn ears, where it
feeds on the eggs of the corn-ear worm and deposits its own
in the strands of corn silk, its injuries made in oviposition fur-
nishing a place for entrance for the spores of the disease known
as corn-ear rot. As suggested by Champion (1900, 327) and
shown by Parshley (1919, 28) the 0. tristicolor (White) is only
a color variety of insidiosus in which the clavus is almost wholly
black. It is the form usually found in the Pacific states, but
occurs sparingly with typical insidiosus throughout the range of
the latter in this country.

616 (— ). Orius pumilio (Champion). 1900, 327.

Form of insidiosus but distinctly smaller and more shining. Color
much the same, the antennae and legs wholly a very pale yellow, the
beak, front part of head and last three ventrals reddish-brown or tinged
with that hue; cuneus only slightly or not at all tinged with fuscous;
membrane clear white. Pronotum relatively smaller with transverse
impression represented only by a vague median fovea and front portion

SUBFAMILY III. — DUFOURIELLIN^. 639

with smooth area larger. Clavus coarsely, sparsely and shallowly punc-
tate. Length, 1.5 — 1.8 mm.

Ft. Myers, Moore Haven, R. P. Park, Lakeland and Dunedin,
Fla., Nov. 18 — March 29. More common at Dunedin than in-
sidiosits, and taken in small numbers at the other stations by
sifting weed debris, sweeping flowers, especially those of the
hoary lupine (Lupinus diifusus Nutt.), and beating bunches of
Spanish moss. A half dozen specimens were taken Feb.
20 from beneath boards in a barn-yard near Dunedin. The
small size, and wholly pale antennas and legs distinguish it at
once from our common form. It agrees in all respects with
Champion's description except that his unique type from
Guatemala had the "anteocuiar portion of head, rostrum, an-
tennae and legs testaceous," whereas in the Florida specimens
the first two parts mentioned are darker than the legs and an-
tennas. Described from Guatemala and not before recorded
from this country.

Subfamily III. DUFOURIELLIN^E Van Duzee, 1916, 35.

This subfamily, the Division Xylocoraria of Reuter and Cham-
pion, comprises small oblong or oval species which were by
Reuter separated from our other Anthocorids only by the ab-
sence of a hamus in the cell of the inner wing. As shown in
the key to subfamilies there are two more easily recognized
characters which can usually be used, viz., the much more
deeply emarginate hind margin of pronotum and the trans-
versely sulcate scutellum, but these are to some extent variable
and the group is in reality a difficult one to define. The antennae
vary in structure, in some genera resembling those of the
Lyctocorinae, in others of the Anthocorinae. About a dozen
genera of the subfamily were recognized by Reuter, six of
which are represented in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' GEXERA OF DUFOURIELLIXJE.

a. Front femora unarmed beneath.
b. Head scarcely longer than width of the interocular area; beak not
surpassing front coxae; apex of pronotum sinuate or emarginate.

I. Brachysteles, p. 640.
bb. Head much longer than interocular width.

c. Front femora strongly swollen ; front tibia? curved ; beak shorter
than head, its second joint awl-shaped, scarcely reaching middle
of eyes. II. Physopleurella, p. 641.

cc. Front femora slender; front tibiae straight; beak slender, not awl-
shaped, reaching to or beyond front coxae.

640 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORID,£.

d. Basal margin of pronotum very deeply sinuate or concave; disk

of pronotum with a distinct transverse groove.

e. Pronotum with transverse median groove confined to the disk,

its hind lobe without a median longitudinal sulcus; clavus

very feebly if <it all punctate; osteolar channel very long, its

sides merging to form a carina which curves outward to the

metapleural submarginal ridge. III. Cardiastethus, p. 642.

ee. Pronotum with transverse median groove reaching across disk

onto the sides, its hind lobe with a short longitudinal sulcus

in front; clavus distinctly coarsely punctate; osteolar channel

long, curved backward. IV. Poronotus, p. 643.

dd. Basal margin of pronotum more widely, less deeply sinuate or

concave; disk of pronotum without a transverse groove, but

with a distinct median longitudinal one; joint 1 of antennae

scarcely reaching tip of tylus. V. Dufouriellus, p. 644.

aa. Front and hind femora swollen, the former dentate beneath.

VI. Scoloposcelis, p. 645.

I. Brachysteles Mulsant & Rey, 1852, 104.

Small oval pubescent species having the head scarcely longer
than the width at base of vertex, but slightly prolonged in
front of bases of antennae; eyes prominent; ocelli widely sepa-
rated ; beak reaching apex of prosternum, its first joint not
reaching front of eyes ; antenna? as long as head and pronotum
united, joint 1 slightly surpassing tip of tylus, 2 not longer
than width of head across eyes, 3 and 4 subequal, subfusiform,
together slightly longer than 2; pronotum with sides in front
of middle flattened, but little narrowed, acutely margined and
without a distinct collar; elytra entire, in our species surpass-
ing tip of abdomen, rather densely, finely but distinctly punc-
tate ; osteolar opening without a distinct channel, but with a
long, obtusely curved carina. One of the six known species
has been recorded from our territory.

617 (866). Brachysteles pallidus Reuter, 1884, 118.

Color a nearly uniform pale clay-yellow; front and hind margins of
pronotum and tip of scutellum often tinged with fuscous; membrane pale
hyaline. Pronotum more than twice as wide at base as long, sides
straight, apex about one-fourth narrower than base, disk behind calli
finely, densely and distinctly punctate. Base of scutellum convex, obso-
letely punctate. Length, 1.5 — 1.7 mm.

A West Indian species, recorded by Uhler (1886, 21) from
the "Southern States," this being the only mention from this
country.

SUBFAMILY III. — DUFOURIELLIN^. 641

II. Physopleurella Reuter, 1884, 124.

Elongate-oblong pubescent species having the head distinct-
ly longer than the width across eyes, the projecting tylus
shorter and narrower than interocular width ; eyes prominent,
occupying the full thickness of the head ; pronotum with hind
margin deeply and widely sinuate or concave, disk with pre-
apical transverse impression fine but evident ; median trans-
verse impression ill defined, the area in front of it with callus
but little elevated, and with a short posterior longitudinal
median groove, hind portion depressed at middle; elytra en-
tire, the membrane 4-veined, the three outer ones with bases
remote and equidistant one from the other, the inner one with
base forked, enclosing a small triangle ; osteolar channel sur-
passing middle of metasternal plate, its apical portion curved
backward ; front femora in our species more evidently swollen
than the others, with the lower inner margin beset with nu-
merous fine setae ; front tibiae distinctly curved ; mesopleura
strongly rugose.

This genus was founded by Reuter for a single species, the
Cardiastethus mundulus White, from Hawaii. Specimens from
Florida agree in all respects with the generic characters as
given by Reuter, except that the pubescence is mostly very
short, the side margins of pronotum and embolium not ciliate
with long hairs and the front femora are setose beneath.

618 ( — ) . Physopleurella floridana Blatchley, 1925, 47.

Elongate-oblong, subparallel. Head, front lobe of pronotum, scu-
tellum and under surface pale to dark reddish-brown, strongly shining;
hind lobe of pronotum with the basal margin and humeral angles fus-
cous-brown ; elytra, except membrane, dull straw-yellow with cuneus and
a more or less evident cross-bar across the apical third of clavus and
corium fuscous; membrane whitish-hyaline, the basal half tinged with
dusky; antenna?, beak and legs pale brownish-yellow. Joint 1 of antennae
slightly surpassing the truncate tip of tylus, 2 linear, about as long as
bead, 3 and 4 more slender, subequal, together slightly longer than 2.
Pronotum as described above, its sides obtusely margined, the deeply
concave hind margin with a fringe of yellowish hairs ; disk with a short
ridge each side of middle connecting the two lobes, the hind lobe de-
pressed and punctate at middle, its humeral angles broad, obtusely
rounded. Scutellum with basal portion less elevated than usual, apical
portion flattened, with a bilobed fovea at base, apex acute. Elytra but
slightly sm-passing abdomen, clavus finely iri-egularly punctate, corium
and embolium very minutely punctate, all the punctures each bearing a
short fine appressed hair. Genital plate of male transverse, its hind
margin broadly rounded. Length 2.8 — 3 mm.

642 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORID^E.

Dunedin, Fla., March 5 — April 3, two specimens beaten from
the dead leaves of cabbage palmetto. The short subulate beak,
setose front femora, curved front tibia? and peculiar sculpture
of pronotum distinguish this form from any of our known
eastern species of the subfamily. In the co-type the dark bar
across the tips of clavus and corium is less evident than in
the type.

III. Cardiastethus Fieber, 1860, 266.

Oblong or ovate pubescent species distinguished from their
allies by the characters given in key and by having the an-
tennae pilose, the last two joints slender, linear or subfusiform,
the second swollen toward apex; pronotum with collar very
short but evident, callus of front lobe more or less elevated ;
middle portion of hind lobe depressed, the basal margin deeply
concave ; scutellum transversely sulcate ; embolium of elytra
with apex nearly as wide as that of corium ; membrane 4-
veined, the three inner ones not widely separated, their bases
equidistant and not forked, the two outer ones with bases more
remote but their apical halves converging; hind coxae contigu-
ous, femora all slender. Nearly 20 species have been described,
mostly from the Old World or tropical America, three occur-
ring in the United States and our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CARDIASTETHUS

a. Membrane uniformly dusky or with only a narrow pale line adja-
cent to the suture; length not over 2.2 mm.
b. Side margins of embolium subparallel, straight or but slightly
rounded toward apex; dull clay-yellow, the apex of cuneus more
or less piceous. 619. assimilis.

bb. Side margins of embolium distinctly rounded toward apex; pale
■ brownish-yellow, the clavus, corium and cuneus in part fuscous.

620. PERGANDII.

aa. Membrane pale fuscous with a narrow stripe on the inner side and
a triangular spot on outer basal angles pale hyaline; general
color piceous, the elytra fuscous, opaque, with parts of the clavus
and embolium paler; length, 2.4 or more mm. 621. luridellus.

619 (867). Cardiastethus assimilis (Reuter), 1871, 564.

Oblong-oval. Dull brownish-yellow; basal half of pronotum, scu-
tellum, apical halves of clavus and corium, fourth joint of antenna?, base
of membrane and sides of abdomen usually heavily tinged with fuscous:
ocelli dull red, placed near the inner basal angles of the eyes. Pronotum
with median transverse groove, short, rather shallow, its ends curved
slightly forward; transverse callus of front lobe prominent, almost
smooth; hind lobe and sides of front one rather densely finely punctate.

SUBFAMILY III. — DUFOURIELLIN^E. 643

Elytra similarly punctate, each puncture bearing a very fine appressed
yellowish hair, costal margin of corium ciliate with very short hairs;
membrane surpassing abdomen by nearly one-half its length. Other
characters as under generic heading. Length, 1.6 — 1.8 mm.

Miami, R. P. Park, Cabe Sable, Caxambus, Ft. Myers, La
Belle, Moore Haven and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 23 — April 23. A
West Indian species, recorded by Barber from Lakeland and
Marco, Fla., and by Van Duzee from South Carolina and Texas.
Specimens were compared by China with those in the British
Museum identified by Champion, and differed only in the small-
er size and rather shorter head. Reuter gave the length as
1.8 — 2 mm. It is one of the most common Anthocorids in
southern Florida, occurring in winter in bunches of dead vines,
beneath bark of dead limbs, and in bunches of dead leaves of
cabbage palmetto, especially in or about wet hammocks; in
spring on vegetation in low moist ground.

620 (868). Cardiastethus pergandii Reuter, 1884, 141.

Oblong-oval. Pale brownish-yellow, moderately shining, clothed with
fine pale pubescence; apical third of scutellum, clavus, apical half of
corium and inner half of cuneus, fuscous to piceous; membrane pale
fuscous, its margin toward apex subhyaline; beak, except basal joint,
and legs pale straw-yellow. Head slightly wider than long, eyes large,
coarsely granulate. Pronotum more than twice as wide at base as long,
sides visibly curved, apex as wide as median length, disk behind calli
strongly transversely impressed, finely transversely strigose. Length,
1.8 mm.

Originally described from a single female taken at Washing-
ton, D. C, and not recorded elsewhere.

621 (869). Cardiastethus luridellus Fieber, 1860, 271.

Oblong. Piceous, shining, finely pubescent; antennae yellowish, testa-
ceous, joints 3 and 4 and apex of 2, dusky; elytra fuscous, commissure,
a vague stripe along inner half of embolium and cuneus, and a spot on
corium near apex of embolium, dull yellow; membrane as in key; legs
straw yellow, coxae tinged with fuscous. Pronotum with sides feebly
curved, calli strongly elevated, disk behind them distinctly transversely
impressed, almost smooth. Length, 2.4 mm.

Originally described from Pennsylvania and recorded only
from there.

IV. Poronotus Reuter, 1871, 561.

The single known member of this genus is closely related to
Cardiasthctus, differing by the characters given in generic key
and by having the front lobe of pronotum shorter with a dis-

644 FAMILY XXIV. — ANTHOCORID^E.

tinct collar in front, the embolium at apex as wide as the
corium and the inner wings without a hamus. The genus was
dropped by Reuter in his "Monograph of Anthocoridae," one
of the two Brazilian species on which it was founded being
referred by him to Cardiastethus and the other made synony-
mous with Asthenidea pallescens Reut. Champion (1900, 317,
333) restored the generic name Poronotus for the latter (Xylo-
coris const rictus Stal) and pointed out the distinctive generic
characters as given in key and above.

622 ( — ). Poronotus constrictus (Stal), 1860, 44.

Elongate-oval. Pale brownish-yellow, strongly shining, joints 3 and
4 of antennae and the inner half of cuneus alone being tinged with fus-
cous; membrane whitish-hyaline. Head slightly longer than the width
across eyes; neck stout, subcylindrical. Joint 1 of antennae scarcely
reaching tip of tylus, 2 as long as head, 3 and 4 very slender, subequal,
together longer than 2. Beak reaching onto mesosternum. Pronotum
very short, more than twice as wide at base as apex; side margins nar-
row, acute, visible for the full length of disk; front lobe with convex
callus very prominent, reaching the full width of disk, smooth and very
shining; hind lobe feebly impressed at middle, finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Scutellum with a rather deep transverse sulcus, coarsely and finely
punctate, more coarsely so toward apex. Elytra surpassing abdomen
by one-half the length of membrane; clavus very coarsely and shallowly
punctate ; remainder of elytra, except membrane, minutely, almost in-
visibly punctate, each puncture bearing a rather long appressed yellow-
ish hair. Under surface smooth, strongly shining. Length, 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 11 — April 4. Frequent beneath cover in
dry sandy places near the bay beach ; especially so in or be-
neath piles of dead cabbage palmetto leaves, in decaying fungi
and beneath freshly cut pine blocks. Described from Brazil;
known elsewhere heretofore only from Orizaba, Mexico. This
is but one of many neotropical forms of insect life whose
northern limits of distribution are found along the shores of
southern Florida. It closely resembles Asthenidea pallescens
Reut., the latter species having been placed as its synonym
by Reuter (1884, 193), but is narrower, more shining, with-
out a hamus and with the sculpture of pronotum very different.

V. Dufouriellus Kirkaldy, 1906, 121.

Elongate, subdepressed, glabrous species having the head
moderately produced in front of eyes, constricted behind them ;
beak not surpassing front coxae, its second joint scarcely reach-
ing base of head ; joint 1 of antennas almost reaching tip of

SUBFAMILY III. — DUFOURIELLIN^E. 645

tylus, 2 a little longer than width of head across eyes, 3 and 4
slender, sublinear, the fourth slightly longer than third ; pro-
notum depressed, its sides toward apex narrowed, broadly
rounded, deflexed and with a fine acute distinct margin, its
base widely sinuate and median longitudinal sulcus very dis-
tinct ; elytra entire, embolium narrow, membrane with four
distinct subparallel veins ; femora all slender and fusiform,
One palsearctic European species occurs in the eastern states.

623 (871). Dufouriellus ater (Dufour), 1833, 106.

Elongate, subparallel. Pieeous-brown to black, glabrous, strongly
shining; membrane fuscous, iridescent, whitish toward base; joint 2 of
antennae, beak, except basal joint, tibia?, tarsi and middle of under sur-
face, dull yellow; femora and genital segment piceous-brown. Antennae
finely pilose. Pronotum about twice as wide at base as long, its basal
third flattened, minutely transversely rugose. Length, 1.8 — 2.2 mm.

Willard, N. Car., April 16 (Brimley). Lyon, France (British
Mus. Col/.). Heretofore recorded in this country only from
New York. In Europe it is said to be gregarious throughout
the year beneath loose bark of firs and other conifers.

VI. Scoloposcelis Fieber, 1863, 61.

Elongate, subparallel, depressed glabrous species having the
head much prolonged in front of eyes ; beak reaching middle of
mesosternum ; pronotum trapezoidal, subdepressed, its sides
toward the apical angles widely deflexed, finely margined, basal
margin widely deeply concave ; elytra entire, embolium narrow,
membrane 4-veined ; osteolar channel in our species long, an-
gularly curved, not reaching base of metasternal plate ; front
and hind femora compressed, strongly dilated, convex above,
the front ones armed beneath with several distinct denticles.
One of the five known species occurs in our territory.

624 (872). Scoloposcelis flavicornis Reuter, 1871, 561.

Elongate, narrow. Dark reddish-brown to blackish-piceous, shining;
elytra brownish-yellow, subhyaline, inner margin of clavus, embolium
and cuneus piceous or reddish; membrane and inner basal angles of
cuneus pale hyaline; apical half of beak, tibiae and tarsi pale brownish-
yellow. Antennae thickly pilose with rather long spreading hairs, joint 1
reddish-brown, stout, cylindrical, reaching tip of tylus; 2 yellow, visibly
thickened toward apex, more than twice as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky
yellow, much more slender, subequal in length, united one-half longer
than 2. Pronotum with apex scarcely more than three-fifths the width
of base; side margins about one-fourth shorter than width of basal one,

646 FAMILY XXV. — CRYPTOSTEMMATID^E.

distinctly sinuate near base, feebly curved in front of middle; basal third
of disk broadly shallowly concave, the concavity minutely transversely
strigose. Length, 2.8 — 3.5 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Aug. 15; taken from beneath bark of wil-
low. Geronimo, Guatemala (British Mus. Coll.). Described
from Texas. Recorded from Pennsylvania, Florida and Mexico.

Family XXV. CRYPTOSTEMMATTD^ Bergroth, 1914, 148.
(Dipsocoridce Dohrn-fS chizopteridce Reut.) .

The Jumping Ground Bugs.

Very small oval convex species having the head usually
strongly deflexed and immersed in thorax to eyes ; ocelli, in
all our eastern species, present but minute; antennae 4-jointed,
the terminal joints slender, beset with long spreading hairs ;
beak 3-jointed ; pronotum subquadrate, transverse ; scutellum
short, triangular ; elytra in our eastern species entire with cos-
tal margin thickened and usually reflexed, embolium, clavus
and corium present but cuneus and membrane ill-defined, the
disk with two or three longitudinal veins reaching the apical
margin (figs.7i 1, 9 and 13) ; inner wings with apical margin
notched and disk with simple longitudinal veins as in fig. 3 ;
legs short, the coxae often greatly enlarged, tarsi 3-jointed;
metapleural osteola absent; exposed ventral segments 5 or 6.

Our species usually occur in moist places on the ground be-
neath dead leaves and other vegetable debris, but sometimes
in bunches of moss on trees and rarely on foliage of semi-
aquatic plants. When uncovered or disturbed most of them
leap with agility. The family is a small one, most of the Amer-
ican forms occurring in the tropics. Van Duzee in his Cata-
logue included only four from North America, placing them
in the families Dipsocoridae and Schizopteridae. McAfee and
Malloch, in their recent Revision (1925a) , have combined these
families under the name Cryptostemmatidae as proposed by
Bergroth. They recognize only three genera and five species
from America north of Mexico. Two other genera are now
known to be represented in Florida, so that five genera, each
with a single species, occur in the eastern states. The princi-
pal literature treating of our North American species is by
Reuter, 1891; Uhler, 1894a, 1894b, 1904; Heidemann, 1906a;
Bergroth, 1914, and McAtee & Malloch, 1925a.

"ill.- figures cited in key and descriptions of tin- family Cryptostemmatidae refer

to I bOSe <m plate VI I .

THE JUMPING GROUND BUGS. 647

KEY TO EASTERN' GENERA OF €RYPTOSTEMMATIDJE.

a. Front width of scutellum over one-half that of hind margin of
pronotum; eyes projected outward, not overlapping front angles
of pronotum (fig. 2) ; head and tibiae with strong bristles; pro-
pleurae of moderate or small size, never swollen in front below
the eyes; elytra with a fracture near middle of costa which does
not extend onto disk, the venation as in fig. 1. (Subfamily Cryptos-
temmatinse) . I. Ceratocombus, p. 647.

aa. Front width of scutellum not over one-third that of hind margin of
pronotum (fig. 8) ; eyes projected both outward and backward,
overlapping front angles of pronotum (figs. 12, 14 and 18) ; head
and tibiae without strong bristles ; propleurae much swollen, ex-
tending forward to or beyond front margins of eyes (figs. 6 and
12) ; costa without a fracture. (Subfamily Schizojjterinas) .
b. Metapleurum produced in the form of a sharp spike at inner hind
angle (fig. 7) ; and (in our species) with an elevated strongly
curved cross-ridge which is paralleled on sides and behind by an
impressed line (fig. 10) ; first costal cell of elytra larger than
second, the vein bounding apical margin of second cell joining
costa at almost a right angle (fig. 9). II. Schizoptera, p. 649.
bb. Metapleura never with a pronounced spike at inner hind angle;
first costal cell of elytra normal, equal to or smaller than second,
the vein bounding apical margin of latter joining costa obliquely
(fig. 13).
c. Elytra but slightly convex, not entirely heavily coriaceous; claval
suture distinct.
d. Head declivent, not conically produced (fig. 12) ; pronotum with-
out a transverse impressed line near front margin ; first and
second costal cells subequal in length (fig. 13).

III. CORIXIDEA, p. 650.

dd. Head pox-rect, produced forward in the shape of a cone (fig. 14) ;
pronotum with a distinct impressed line near front margin;
costal cells as in fig. 16. IV. Nannocoris, p. 651.

cc. Elytra strongly convex, entirely coriaceous, their venation evi-
dent; claval suture obsolete; eyes very large, overlapping half or
more of side margins of pronotum (fig. 18).

V. Glyptocombus, p. 652.

I. Ceratocombus Signoret, 1852, 542.

Very small oblong-oval species having the head subcorneal,
slightly longer than wide, beset with several pairs of bristles,
vertex strongly convex; antennae long-haired throughout, joint
2 three times or more as long as 1 (fig. 2) ; beak reaching
first ventral; pronotum convex, slightly wider than long, in
our species with a distinct transverse subapical impression,
humeral angles rather prominent ; elytra coriaceous, entire,
surpassing abdomen, in repose conjointly subtectiform, the

648

FAMILY XXV. — CRYPTOSTEMMATID.E.

costal margin with a slight break near middle, the venation
as in fig. 1 ; tibiae beset with numerous bristles. Genital plate
of male with two or three pairs of claspers (figs. 4 and 5) ;
apical dorsal segment of female covering apex of abdomen,
apical ventral segment occupying nearly half of abdomen, the

Plate VII. Structures of Ckyptostemmatih.e.
Figs. 1 and 3, Elytron and hind wing of Ceratocombus oagans; fig. 2. head of
same from above; figs. 4 and .">. ;ipex of male abdomen of same from below and above.
Fig. 6, head and prothorax of Schizoptera from side. Fig. 7, side view of pro- meso-
and metapleurum of Schizoptera showing metapleural spine. Fig. S, head, pronotum
and scutellum of Schizoptera bispinaj fig. 9, elyt.ron of same; fig. 10, metapleurum
of same; fig. 11, fifth ventral of male of same, showing processes on side. Fig. 12,
head and prothorax of Corixidea major from side: tig. 13, elytron of same. Figs. 14
and 15, head of Nannocoris from above and below; lig. 16, elytron of same: fig. 17.
scutellum of same. Fig. 18, dorsal view of Olyptocombus saltatorj fig. 19, side view
of same, the left elytron removed; fig. 20, elytron of same.

(After McAtee & Malloch, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., Vol. 67, Art. 13).

THE JUMPING GROUND BUGS. 649

sheaths of ovipositor toothed. One species occurs in our ter-
ritory.

625 ( — ). Ceratocombus vagans McAtee & Malloch, 1925a, 7.

Oblong-oval, subconvex; above and beneath minutely and indistinctly
pilose. Pale yellowish- to fuscous-brown, shining, elytra often in part or
wholly paler than remainder of upper surface; antenna? and legs dull yel-
low. Pronotum with subapical transverse impression broadly interrupted
at middle, distinct on sides ; disk with a faint median impressed longi-
tudinal line, a small fovea each side behind middle and a transverse im-
pressed line near hind margin. Scutellum convex, smooth and shining.
Elytra and wings with venation as in figs. 1 and 3. Other characters
as above given. Length, 1 — 1.7 mm.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Nov. 25— April 9 (W.S.B.).
Vienna, Va., Aug. 17 (Barber). Frequent in winter about
Dunedin beneath vegetable debris and between roots of tufts
of grass along the bay front ; in spring taken by sweeping in
low moist grounds. At the Park it was very common in the
dense hammock on decaying leaves of royal palm and on the
ground beneath their debris. Several were also swept from
herbage in the everglades. The Virginia specimens were a
nearly uniform pale yellowish-brown in hue, those from Flor-
ida much darker, several almost wholly shining black, the
elytra often with a faint iridescent bluish bloom. Its known
range extends from New York and Maryland southwest to
Florida and Panama. The description of C. niger Uhler (1904,
361) from New Mexico agrees in all particulars with that of
vagans M. & M., but they state that the type of niger is lost and
so described the species as new.

II. SCHIZOPTERA Fieber, 1860, 268.

Small oval subconvex species having the head broader across
the eyes than long, its front strongly deflexed (figs. 6 and 8) ;
eyes large, somewhat flattened, coarsely granulated, overlap-
ping front angles of pronotum ; pronotum transverse, more
than twice as wide at base as long, convex, its sides strongly
deflexed, hind margin subtruncate, disk with a subangular
transverse impressed line near front margin (fig. 8) ; elytra
usually entire and much surpassing abdomen, their venation
as in fig. 9. One species occurs in our territory.

626 ( — ). Schizoptera bispina McAtee & Malloch, 1925a, 24.

Elongate-oval, thinly clothed with very short yellowish hairs. Fus-

650 FAMILY XXV. — CRYPTOSTEMMATID^E.

cous-black, apical third of elytra creamy-white, the veins slightly darker;
margins of humeral angles and tips of scutellum yellowish ; legs pale
yellow; under surface yellowish tinged with fuscous. Antennae with
joints 1 and 2 yellow, short, glabrous, subequal; 3 and 4 fuscous, slen-
der, subequal, beset with long hairs, each about four times the length
of 1. Pronotum with disk thickly, very finely punctate, each puncture
bearing a minute yellowish decumbent bristle-like hair; humeral angles
swollen, subnodulose; hind margin with a small median notch. Elytra
in repose subtectiform, the margins of clavus, commissure and main
veins of basal coriaceous portion of corium strongly elevated (fig. 9),
pale membranous portion surpassing abdomen by its full length. Fifth
ventral of male with two short processes on left side, the hind one di-
rected backward (fig. 11). Length, 1.3 — 1.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 19 — April 15 ; one male beaten from a
bunch of Spanish moss, another sifted from vegetable debris,
and a female beaten from sugar cane. Known heretofore only
from Guatemala and Mexico.

III. Corixidea Reuter, 1891, 17.

This genus differs from Schisoptera mainly by the characters
given in key. The ocelli are present but minute ; scutellum with
disk flattened, margins slightly elevated, apex narrowed; elytra
entire, the costa thickened and rounded, not flattened, the first
and second costal cells subequal in length (fig. 13) ; suture be-
tween propleurum and pronotum extending straight back be-
hind eye (fig. 12) ; inner hind angle of metapleurum produced
as a rounded lobe. One of the three known species occurs in
the eastern states, the others in Panama, Central and South
America.

627 (— ). Corixidea major McAtee & Malloch, 1925a, 26.

"General color blackish, the heavily chitinized portions of upper sur-
face with copious bluish-gray pubescence, that on head longer than in
lunigera (a Brazilian species), more hyaline portions of fore wing
bluish-cinereous; legs brownish-testaceous. Head and pronotum as seen
from side and venation of fore wing as in figs. 12 and 13. Distance be-
tween eyes across back of head about twice the width of one of them;
veins of clavus neither thickened nor long haired ; no conspicuous pale
markings on fore wings. Length, 1.25 mm."

The above is a copy of the original description including parts
of the key leading up to it. Described from a single specimen
taken at light in August at Clarksville, Tenn., and now in the
U. S. National Museum.

THE JUMPING GROUND BUGS. 651

IV. Nannocoris Reuter, 1891, 18.

This genus is easily known from others of the family by the
porrect conical head (fig. 14) with beak arising from its front
end, and reaching hind coxse; under side of head grooved and
sterna hollowed out for reception of beak (fig. 15) ; pronotum
subquadrate, about twice as wide at base as long at middle, disk
in our species with two transverse impressions, one subapical,
the other, wider and more ill-defined, behind the middle ; elytra
in great part coriaceous, their venation as in fig. 16, the veins
elevated as obtuse ridges, costal margin somewhat flattened,
recurved and sub-hyaline. Other characters as in generic key.
Six species are known, five from tropical America, the other
from our territory.

628 ( — ). Nannocoris arenaria sp. nov.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Color above and below a nearly uni-
form fuscous-brown, thinly clothed with a very fine bluish-gray pruinose
pubescence, head a paler brown ; antenna?, legs and recurved costal mar-
gin of elytra dull yellow. Head regularly narrowed from eyes to apex,
thickly minutely granulate without tubercle or median concavity, about
three times as long as the length of an eye. Antennae with joints 1 and

2 very short, subcylindrical, glabrous, subequal in length and thickness;

3 and 4 slender, pilose with long hairs, each about three times as long as
1 and 2 united. Pronotum finely granulated, its posterior transverse
groove deeper on sides than on middle of disk, humeral angles subnodu-
lose, hind margin truncate. Scutellum very small, triangular, the mar-
gins of its basal half thickened (fig. 17). Elytra with costal margin
broadly and evenly rounded and reflexed, venation of disk as in fig. 16,
tips but slightly surpassing abdomen. Ventrals finely and rather sparse-
ly punctate, each puncture enclosing a minute yellow bristle; fifth ventral
as long as third and fourth united, its apex obtusely rounded. Length,
1—1.2 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 4 — Feb. 16 ; a dozen or more specimens
sifted from debris in the bases of dense tufts of grass growing
on the middle ridge and sides of an otherwise bare sandy road-
way through the pinelands, a few hundred yards from the bay
front. When sifted onto paper they leaped vigorously several
times in succession. It is evidently allied to A', flavomarginata M.
& M. from Canal Zone, but that species has the hind margin of
pronotum and part of apical third of elytra yellowish, and no
mention is made of its having a sub-basal transverse impres-
sion on pronotum.

652 FAMILY XXV. — CRYPTOSTEMMATID^E.

V. GLYPTOCOMBUS Heidemann, 1906a, 192.

Very small, broadly oval convex species having the head as
broad across eyes as half the length of body, its front flattened,
almost vertical ; eyes as in generic key ; beak reaching middle
coxae, its second joint as long as the other two united ; pro-
notum twice as broad as long, its disk with a distinct subapical
transverse impression and also a vague narrow one near hind
margin, front portion with two rather large calli ; scutellum
broadly triangular, its basal half impressed, apical one convex,
obtuse ; elytra as in key, conjointly oval, slightly surpassing
abdomen, each with a depression along the commissure so they
can overlap either way, their venation as in figure 20. Male
with five distinct ventrals, the apical one shorter than in fe-
male ; genital plate reflexed on sides of abdomen beneath the
elytra (fig. 19). One species is known.

629 (1280). Glyptocombus saltator Heidemann, 1906a, 194.

Dull black, above sparsely clothed with short decumbent silvery
hairs; legs, beak and basal joints of antenna? brownish-yellow, femora,
base of tibiae and tips of tarsi somewhat darker; under surface dull
blackish, densely pilose, the hind margin of each ventral with a fringe
of short hairs. Joint 1 of antennae slightly longer than 2, 3 somewhat
thickened at base, subequal in length to 4, the latter more hairy. Elytra
sparsely, coarsely and deeply punctured between the veins. Length,
1.2—1.5 mm. (PI. VII, fig. 18).

Known only from Plummer's Island, Md., and the District
of Columbia. Of it Heidemann (loc. cit.) says: "This species
is most difficult to collect and is only to be found by sifting fall-
en leaves, rubbish and earth. The collector must watch pa-
tiently until the minute insect makes its presence known by
jumping, and even then it takes a skillful hand to secure it in
a vial."

Family XXVI. ISOMETOPID^E Fieber, 1860, 259.

The Jumping Tree Bugs.

Small oval flattened species having the head short, inserted
in thorax to eyes, its front usually flattened and vertical ; ocelli
present, located between and close to the eyes, the latter very
large, only moderately convex ; antennae 4-jointed, joint 2 stout,
longer than the others united ; beak 4-jointed ; pronotum
trapezoidal, much wider than head and twice or more wider
than long; mesoscutum always exposed; scutellum triangular,

THE JUMPING TREE BUGS. 653

both it and clavus elevated above the plane of corium ; elytra
entire, cuneus present, membrane with one or two cells ; hind
femora swollen, saltatorial.

The family is a small one, only four genera represented by
five species being recorded from the eastern states. They have
the general form and appearance of pygmy Saldulids, live on the
bark and dead twigs of trees, and jump vigorously when dis-
turbed. The principal literature treating of our species is by
Uhler, 1891; Heidemann, 1907; Gibson, 1917; Bergroth, 1924,
1925 ; McAtee & Malloch, 1924.

KEY TO EASTERN GEXERA OF ISOMETOPID.-E.

a. Pronotum not more than three times broader than its median length,
transversely convex; membrane (in our genera) with one closed
cell; cuneus broader than long, not surpassing middle of mem-
brane, its inner margin straight (fig. 4).74 (Subfamily Isometo-
pinae) .

b. Eyes very large, almost contiguous in front of ocelli (fig. 6) ; head

about half as wide as hind margin of pronotum.

I. Myiomma, p. 653.
bb. Eyes separated by at least half the width of one of them ; head
more than half as wide as hind margin of pronotum.

II. CORTICORIS, p. 655.
aa. Pronotum very short and broad, over four times broader than its

median length, not convex (figs. 10 and 13) ; membrane with two
closed cells (fig. 10) ; cuneus longer than broad, nearly reaching
apex of membrane, its inner margin deeply sinuate (fig. 10.) (Sub-
family Diphlebinse).

c. Pronotum with front angles projecting in the form of a prominent

lobe which is rounded on the outer side and contiguous with
eyes from within (fig. 10) ; second antennal with a black median
ring; carina of scutellum confined to apical third.

III. Diphleps, p. 656.
cc. Pronotum with front angles but slightly projecting, not touching

the eyes (fig. 13) ; second antennal unicolorous; carina of scu-
tellum percurrent. IV. Teratodia, p. 657.

I. Myiomma Puton, 1872, 177.

Elliptical, depressed species having the head very small,
rounded above, its front flattened and sloping inward toward
sternum ; ocelli located close together near middle of the very
narrow vertex and contiguous with eyes (fig. 6) ; beak reach-
ing fourth ventral; pronotum nearly three times as wide as
its median length, front margin concave, hind one sinuate, side

74The figures cited in text and keys of this family mostly refer to those
plate VIII.

654

FAMILY XXVI. — ISOMETOPID^E.

margins somewhat flattened and reflexed ; sides of mesoscutum
exposed, convex, the ridges oblique; scutellum equilateral, sub-
convex; clavus widened behind, strongly deflexed toward

Plate VIII. Structures of Microphysid/E and Isometopid.b.
Pie 1 Beak of Mallochiola gagates (M. & M.) ; fig. 2, entire insect of same
from above: fig. 3, hind wing of same. Fig. 4, Female of Mywmma n.cnformts
(Uhl ) ' fig 5, antenna of same; fig. ii, head of same from above. Fig. t Head of
Corticoris pulchella (Held.) from above; fig. 8, fore wing of same ; fig. 9 apex of
female abdomen of same from below. Fig. 10, Female of Diphleps umcu Bergr.,
from above; tig. 11. abdomen of same from below; fig. 12. hind leg of same. Fig. 13.
Head and pronotum of Teratodia emoritura Berg, from above; fig. 14 head ot same
from in front. (Figs. 1—3, 6—12, after McAfee & Malloch ; 4 and .. after Ihler.
i:; and 1 I. after Bergroth I.

THE JUMPING TREE BUGS. 655

corium, with commissure as long as scutellum ; elytra slightly
surpassing abdomen, costal margin feebly curved, rather broad-
ly flattened and reflexed. One species occurs in our territory.

630 (1273). Myiomma cixiiformis (Uhler), 1891, 121.

Elongate-oval. Dull black; head pale, brownish-yellow; base of
cuneus with a somewhat calloused ivory-white crossbar; membrane fus-
cous-brown; legs, beak and under surface dark chestnut-brown, shining;
tarsi and tips of tibiae dull yellow. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae blackish,
1 very short and stout, 2 stouter, as long as vertex and pronotum united
(fig. 5) ; 3 and 4 fuscous, very slender, united shorter than 2, 4 fusiform,
pointed, two-thirds the length of 3. Upper surface except membrane
finely scabrous, sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing a very short
fine hair. Length, 2.3—2.5 mm. (PI. VIII, fig. 4).

Falls Church, Va., July 20 (Banks) . Ranges from Long
Island, southwest to West Virginia. It is said by Heidemann
to "live in damp and shady places on the twigs of dead trees ;"
while McAtee found it on the barkless surface of a hackberry
limb which was covered by a thin velvet-like growth of fungus.
Uhler (loc. cit.) states that: "It is remarkable for having the
head pressed back upon the sternum as in the Homoptera and
its general figure distinctly recalls the form which prevails so
commonly in many of the Ci.viidcc."

II. Corticoris McAtee & Malloch, 1922, 95.

Small rather broadly ovate species, having the head, viewed
from above, very short, depressed, rounded in front ; beak
reaching to or beyond second ventral ; antennae inserted on
under side of head, somewhat distant from eyes, as long as
pronotum and scutellum united, joint 2 longest, thickened to-
ward apex, 3 and 4 much thinner, united about half the length
of 2 ; eyes very large, reniform, almost covering sides of head,
male, relatively smaller, female ; pronotum slightly more than
twice as broad as long, sides flattened, rather broadly reflexed,
disk with a preapical transverse narrow ridge and a rather
sharp percurrent median carina ; scutellum as broad as long,
somewhat elevated above the corium ; elytra entire, costal mar-
gin evenly rounded and reflexed, venation as in fig. 8 ; mem-
brane with one cell ; abdomen of females as in fig. 9. Four
species are known from the United States, two in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF CORTICORIS.

a. Narrowest part of interocular area, less than width of one eye (fig.
7) ; color dark brown, corium whitish-yellow without fuscous mark-
ings at middle. 631. pulchellus.

656

FAMILY XXVI. — ISOMETOPID^E.

aa. Narrowest part of interocular area wider than one eye; middle and
apex of corium fuscous. 632. signatus.

631 (1274). Corticoris pulchellus (Heidemann), 19.08a, 128.

Broadly oval. Dark brown or
piceous, shining, thickly clothed with
subappressed fine short hairs ; elytra
creamy-white, basal third and tip of
clavus and spot on inner apical angle
of corium (sometimes on inner basal
angle of cuneus) fuscous; membrane
whitish, iridescent; beak, except tip,
legs and ventrals 4 — 6 and joint 2 of
antenna? yellowish-white. Front of
head with a shallow depression each
side near the eye. Length, 2 — 2.2 mm.
(Fig. 163, a).

Recorded from New York,
Pennsylvania and the Virginias.
Taken in July and August at
light and by sifting.

Fig. 163. a, Corticoris pulchellus
(Heidi X L6 ; 6, side view of head of
C. signatus (Heid.) : c, and d, side and
front views of head of ('. uiiicolor
(Heid.), an Arizona species. All great-
ly enlarged. (After Heidemann, in
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.).

532 (1275). Corticoris signatus
(Heidemann), 1908a, 129.

Broadly oval. Head dark brown,
vertex, margins and under surface
yellowish; pronotum, except basal
angles, and scutellum piceous ; elytra yellowish-white, base and apex of
clavus and an oblique mark across corium fuscous; membrane whitish-
translucent; antenna? brownish-yellow; legs yellowish white, femora
often annulate with dark brown; ventrals brown, thickly pubescent; beak
brownish, reaching third ventral. Pronotum and scutellum roughly
punctate ; upper surface clothed with fine pale hairs. Length, 2.2 —
2.4 mm.

Known only from Washington, D. C, and Texas.

III. Diphleps Bergroth, 1924, 5.

Broadly oval, flattened species having the head about as
long as middle of pronotum, narrower than apex of latter, tylus
broad, almost vertical; ocelli located between the eyes at about
their own diameters from inner margin of eyes ; antennae in-
serted in front of eyes ; beak reaching first ventral ; pronotum
nearly five times as wide as long at middle, its sides flattened,
margins reflexed, disk with a fine median carina, each side of
which are two small calli (fig. 10), front margin broadly con-

THE JUMPING TREE BUGS. 657

cave, hind one feebly sinuate ; mesoscutum widely exposed and
marked with a transverse ridge, the suture between it and
scutellum conspicuous; scutellum much broader than long, its
apical third with a low obtuse median carina ; elytra flattened,
surpassing tip of abdomen, costal margin broadly curved,
clavus widened apically, commissure as long as mesoscutum
and scutellum united, cells of membrane reaching almost to
apex (fig. 10) ; hind legs as in fig. 12. Genital cleft of female
dividing all except the two basal ventrals (fig. 11) . One species
is known.

633 ( — ). Diphleps unica JSergroth, 1924, 7.

Broadly oval. Dull grayish-yellow, upper surface except mem-
brane sparsely clothed with narrow bristle-like scales; apex of tylus, two
spots near inner margin of eyes and mesonotum in great part fuscous;
apex of scutellum, several spots on costal margin and a clot on inner
margin of cuneus blackish; membrane with numerous small fuscous
spots; under surface dull yellow. Joints 1, 3 and 4 of antennae black,
basal and apical thirds of 2 yellow, middle third black; 1 and 2 stout, 3
and 4 very slender, subequal in length, united less than one-half the
length of 2. Length, 2 mm. (PI. VIII, fig. 10).

Described from Summit Co., Ohio ; known elsewhere only
from Urbana, 111., and Glen Echo, Md. Taken in July and
August among lichens on the bark of oak and hackberry.
Females only are known.

IV. Teratodia7"' Bergroth, 1924, 7.

Differs from Diphleps by characters given in key and in hav-
ing the head narrower, subcylindrically produced beyond the
eyes and extending much below the level of the sternum (figs.
13 and 14) ; apical margin of pronotum subtruncate, basal mar-
gin almost straight in front of mesoscutum, the latter but
slightly exposed ; scutellum with a percurrent median carina ;
claval commissure shorter, only as long as scutellum. One
species is known.

634 ( — ). Teratodia emoritura Bergroth, 1924, 8.

Broadly oval. Pale brownish-yellow; pronotum with small vague
brownish markings along front and hind margins (fig. 13) ; apex of
scutellum and a dot near middle of inner margin of cuneus, blackish;
apical half of costal margin with a row of small fuscous spots. Joint
1 of antenna? dark brown; 2 as long as half the width of pronotum, pale

75McAtee & Malloch (1924, 73) consider Teratodia emoritura to be the male of
Diphleps unica, but Bergroth (1925. 163) dissents, stating that there is no such
sexual variation of pronotum (as described in key and shown in figs. 10 and 13)
in any other Isometopid or Mirid.

658 FAMILY XXVII. — MICROPHYSIDvE.

brownish-yellow tinged with grayish fuscous, thickly beset with short
procumbent whitish hairs. Elytra, except membrane, shagreened.
Length, 2 mm.

Described from a single male taken July 27 near Paris, Va.,
on the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge Mts. Not recorded
elsewhere.

Family XXVII. MICROPHYSID^ Reuter, 1884, 4, 169.

Very small depressed oblong (male), broadly oboval
(female) species, having the head porrect, inserted in thorax
to eyes; antennae 4-jointed; beak either 4-jointed, the basal
joint very small, or 3-jointed ; ocelli present ; elytra with mar-
gins broadly flattened, the venation as in fig. 2 ;7,; elytra with a
cuneus ; inner wings without a hamus, the apical vein with apex
forked as in fig. 3 ; tarsi 2-jointed.

The family is a small one, fewer than 20 species, represent-
ing four genera, being known. The principal literature treat-
ing of it is by Reuter, 1884 ; McAfee & Malloch, 1924 ; Bergroth,
1925. One genus, represented by a single species, occurs in
our territory.

I. Mallochiola Bergroth, 1925, 160.

Species possessing the family characters above mentioned
and having the head much narrowed in front of eyes ; ocelli
nearer to eyes than to each other; beak 3-jointed, the relative
length of joints as in fig. 1 ; antenna? 4-jointed, joint 1 scarcely
reaching tip of tylus, 2 slightly longer than 3, 4 longest ; prono-
tum transverse, sides rounded in front of middle, hind margin
truncate, front one broadly concave ; elytra entire, membrane
with a single small cell (fig. 2) ; hind wing with venation as in
fig. 3.

635 ( — ). Mallochiola gagates (McAtee & Malloch), 1924, 71.

Female — Broadly oboval, subdepressed. Black, shining; membrane of
elytra slightly paler than corium; antenna?, legs and genital segment
with short pale hairs. Hind portion of pronotum minutely shagreened.
Scutellum with very fine transverse strigae and an ill-defined broad
central elevation. Apex of abdomen subtruncate. Hind tibia? about one-
half longer than femora, distinctly curved. Length, 1.2 mm. (PI. VIII,
fig. 2).

Recorded only from Plummer's Island, Md., District of
Columbia and Tampico, Mexico. The male is not as yet known.

'"The figures cited in Hiis family refer to part of those on Plate VIII.

FAMILY XXVIII. — TERMATOPHYLID^E. 659

Family XXVIII. TERMATOPHYLID^E Reuter, 1884a, 218.

Small elongate-oval species having the head longer than
broad, declivent in front, its apex truncate or obtusely pointed ;
ocelli wanting; beak 4-jointed; antennae much longer than
head, 4-jointed, the last two joints more slender than the basal
ones ; pronotum trapezoidal, longer than head ; elytra entire
with the usual divisions including embolium and cuneus pres-
ent ; membrane with a single large cell ; cell of inner wings
without a hamus ; hind femora compressed, movable only in-
ward and outward; tarsi 3-jointed, claws without arolia; stig-
mas located on the sides of ventrals 2 — 7. Genital segment of
female split at middle and enclosing a sheath for the ovipositor
as in the Anthocoridae. The family is a small one comprising
only four genera and about 10 species. One genus, represented
by a single species, occurs in this country.

I. Hesperophylum Reuter & Poppius, 1912, 16.

In this genus, mainly characterized as above, the head is
much longer than broad, strongly declivent and pointed ; eyes
glabrous, separated by a narrow groove and, viewed from
above, with inner margin concave ; tylus long and narrow ;
beak reaching beyond middle coxae, joint 1 very short, reaching
only middle of eyes, 2 as long as 3 and 4 united ; pronotum with
basal margin broadly rounded, nearly three times as wide as
front one, hind lobe convex, moderately declivent forward,
rather thickly and strongly punctate, front lobe not punctate,
closely and finely wrinkled, without apical stricture, transverse
impression or calli ; scutellum flat, smooth, about as long as
broad ; elytra smooth, surpassing abdomen, cuneus as wide at
base as long; membrane with cell almost semicircular; osteolar
channel straight, not margined. One species is known.

636 (874). Hesperophylum heidemanni Reuter & Poppius, 1912, 17.

Oblong-oval. Black, strongly shining, the front portion of pronotum
alone dull; basal half of pronotum and elytra blaekish-brown ; scutellum
yellowish-white, the tip darker; membrane fuscous-brown, strongly iri-
descent, a paler spot near tip of cuneus; edges of propleura, beak in
part, and tibiae pale yellow, the basal halves of tibiae somewhat darker.
Antennae with joints 1 and 2 black, 1 reaching slightly beyond middle of
tylus, 2 strongly thickened, its sides flattened, slightly longer than pro-
notum, nearly five times as long as 1, 3 and 4 pale yellow, 4 about as long
as 1, slightly longer than 3. Vertex not quite twice as broad as the
diameter of the eyes. Length, 4 mm.

660 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

The above is a free translation of the original characteriza-
tion of genus and species. The latter was described from a
single female taken on Mt. Washington, New Hamp., and has
since been recorded by Barber from Arizona. The type is in
the Heidemann collection at Cornell University.

Family XXIX. MIRID^E Hahn, 1831, 234 (Capsida Burm.).

The Leaf Bugs.

This, the largest family of Heteroptera, comprises species of
small or medium size and fragile structure, having the head
porrect, usually more or less declivent in front ; eyes large,
rather coarsely granulated ; ocelli absent ; antennae 4-jointed,
usually with joints 3 and 4 more slender than 1 and 2, the latter
sometimes much thickened; beak 4-jointed, not received in a
groove, the first joint as long as or longer than head ; prono-
tum variable in form, usually with two oval, smooth convex
areas (calli) on front half; scutellum distinct; mesoscutum
usually in part exposed ; elytra and wings large in proportion
to the body, usually surpassing the abdomen and normally
separated into clavus, corium, cuneus and membrane, the em-
bolium often not very distinct from the corium ; membrane
with two basal cells, one larger than the other, the small one
sometimes vague or obsolete, otherwise without veins ; tarsi 3-
jointed, rarely {Peritropis) 2-jointed; tarsal claws two, divari-
cate, often with a pair of slender appendages (arolia) between
them, these sometimes accompanied by a pair of pseudarolia
at the inner base of the claws. Female with genital segments
cleft at middle, enclosing the sheath of an ovipositor which is
capable of exsertion.

The parts of a Mirid used in classification are excellently set
forth on the accompanying plate by Knight. Our species vary
greatly in form, but are usually elongate or oblong with sides
of elytra subparallel, or subovate with sides feebly curved. The
male is generally more slender than the female and both sexes
ara usually macropterous, the male almost always so. The
body is generally clothed with fine hairs or pubescence, some-
times also with hair-like scales which are easily abraded. The
name Capsidae was used until recently for these leaf bugs.
Probably 1,500 or more species are known and new ones are
turning up every day. Van Duzee included more than 400

THE LEAF BUGS. 661

in his Catalogue from America north of Mexico, and Knight
and others have since described one hundred or more from
the same region. They are, for the most part, plant feeders,
but a large number prey upon the young or soft-bodied forms
of other insects. Of their habits Knight (1923. 422) has said:

"The predaceous habit is only partially developed in certain species,
and thus animal blood serves merely to supplement the sap obtained
from particular food plants. Probably the greater number of species
are limited to a single host plant, or to a genus of plants, while a very
few, such as Lygus pratensis Linnaeus and Haitians citri Ashmead, have
a wide range of food plants. Forms which are chiefly predaceous are
more frequently found on miscellaneous plants. Even among species
which always breed on a single host plant, a general dispersal of in-
dividuals usually takes place. Following the time of emergence and
mating, individuals of Tropidosteptes cardinalis Uhler, Lopidea staphy-
lese Knight, and others, have been observed to migrate from their host
plant to shrubbery in the general vicinity; from thence they doubtless
become dispersed over wider territory and to new plants, although in
the normal course of their life, eventually returning to suitable growth
of the preferred host plant for the purpose of oviposition."

The literature treating of our eastern species of Miridae is
widely scattered. The principal papers used in the prepara-
tion of the text which follows are those by Reuter, 1876,
1878, 1904, 1909, 1910, 1912a, 1913; Distant, 1883; Uhler,
1887, 1887a, 1887b, 1890, 1892, 1901; Kirkaldy, 1902, 1902b,
1906, 1906a; Van Duzee, 1916a, 1916b, 1916c, and the numer-
ous papers of Knight cited in the bibliography near the end
of this volume. In this work 467 species and numerous varieties
of Miridae are described from the eastern states.

Our eastern species are separated by Knight (1923, 425)
into nine subfamilies, the following being a modification of
his key so as to bring the sequence (with the exception of
the Orthotylince) as near to that of the Van Duzee Catalogue
as possible. In my keys under the subfamily headings I have
but rarely, however, used the characters pertaining to the
male genitalia in the separation of either genera or species.
Students desiring to so use them are referred to Dr. Knight's
works, especially the one in the "Hemiptera of Connecticut."

KEY TO EASTERN SUBFAMILIES OF MIRID.E."

a. Arolia present, erect and prominent, approximate at base between
the claws (figs. 33—60).
b. Arolia divergent or divaricate and frequently dilated towards their
tips (figs. 55 — 60) .

7The figures cited in this key refer to those on Plate X.

662

FAMILY XXIX.— MIRID^E.

c. Pronotum not constricted near apex to form a ring-like collar
sometimes with a preapical impression, but this never extending
over the sides, its lateral margins usually carinate, the caring

Llj(^u5 vanduzeei

J^tnq Structural 'Terms \, >
H.H.JKniqhfjel. c,aw*'

PIate/X' lLL*8TBA™ ™- STKUCT^J—S ,.,,,, „ THE r,,ASsmrATIOS OK
(After Knight, Hemiptera of Connecticut).

THE LEAF BUGS. 663

reaching the front angles; joint 1 of tarsi much longer than
and equal in thickness to joint 2; tarsal segments scarcely over-
lapping at joints and thus very flexible (straw climbers).

Subfamily I. Miring, p. 665.
cc. Pronotum constricted near apex to form a distinct collar, the con-
striction sometimes interrupted above, but always extending
over the sides; lateral margins of pronotum frequently carinate,
but the carina? never reaching the front angles; joint 1 of tarsi
short, rarely longer than joint 2, if longer (Tribe Resthenini)
then much thicker than 2; tarsal segments with tips overlapping
the joints, thus practically inflexible (leaf walkers).

Subfamily II. Capsin^e, p. 681.
bb. Arolia not divergent or divaricate, but converging toward tips
(figs. 33 — 54) ; pronotum without a collar.

Subfamily III. Orthotylin^e, p. 796.
(«. Arolia absent, or present but bristle-like in form (figs. 25 — 32) ;
sometimes difficult to distinguish from hairs on the tarsus.
d. Last tarsal joint swollen, always thicker than the one preceding
(fig. 22) ; tibiae destitute of spines; lorse confluent with the gena?;
pseudarolia very large, united to the claws along their inner
curve (figs. 22 — 24). Subfamily IV. Bryocorin.-e, p. 866.

dd. Last tarsal joint slender; tibia? usually finely but distinctly spinose;
lora? usually distinct from genas; pseudarolia not as above.
e. Pronotum with apical third convex, rounded in front and pro-
longed forward as a hood-like projection above the base of the
vertex; stricture of the usual collar visible only at the sides
from which an impressed line extends inward to behind the
calli. Subfamily V. Clivinemin..e, p. 876.

ee. Pronotum without an apical hood above the base of vertex.

/. Pronotum constricted near apex to form a collar, this some-
times vague above at middle, but distinct on sides.
g. Tarsal claws simple and slender, rarely widely spread (figs. 25,
26) ; tibia? weakly spinose, usually long and tapering apically,
sometimes greatly shortened in which case the basal joint
of tarsi is unusually long, the head ti'ansverse and eyes
strongly protruding. Subfamily VI. Cylapin.e, p. 876.

gg. Tarsal claws thick, either sharply bent (fig. 21) or broadly
curved (fig. 27), or more sharply curved and cleft or lobed
within near base (figs. 28 — 32).
h. Body not elongated; claws usually cleft near base (figs. 28 —
32) ; arolia bristle-like; e'ytra not hyaline or glassy.

Subfamily VII. Der^eocorin^e, p. 882.

hh. Body usuaUy elongated, often linear; claws usually sharply

bent, not cleft near base (figs. 18 — 21) ; elytra often hyaline

or glassy, sometimes with a sharply defined inverted Y-

shaped red or fuscous mark.

Subfamily VIII. Dicyphin/E, p. 905.

//. Pronotum not constricted to form a coHar; sometimes with a

somewhat flattened apical collar, then the abdomen constricted

at base and the claws curved only at extreme tips (figs. 1— jl7).

Subfamily IX. Phylin^e, p. 914.

664

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

H*» W U<J w^ WW ,VJJ
WW W»W W .W

w,.u

W-^J-W

iww

Plate X. Tarsal Claws and Arolia of Mikih.k.
Phylinae, tribe Phylini, figs. 1 — 12 — l. Chlamydatus associatus (Uhl.); 2,
Beuteroscopus ornatus (Reut.) ; 3, Lepidopsallus rubidus (Uhl.) ; 4, Microsynamma
bohemanni (Fall.) I 5, Rhinocapsus vanduzeii Uhl.; 6, Criocoris saliens (Reut.);
Psallus ancorifer (Fieb.) ; 8, Lepidopsallus minusculus Kngt.; 9, Campy lomma ver
basci (Meyer) ; LO, Plagiognathus obscurus Uhl.; ll. Plagiognathus annulatus Uhl.
12. Microphylellus modest'us Reut. Phyi.in.io, tribe Oncotylini, figs. 13 — 14 — 13
Lopus decolor (Fall.); l I. tfacrotylus sexguttatus (Prov.). Phylin^b, tribe Hallo
dapini, figs. 1.". -17 l.i, '!'( irorhixits darisi Kngt.; L6, Orectoderus obliquus Uhl.
17. Coquillettia mimetii a Osb. Dicyphin^b, figs, is — 121 — is, Macrolophus separata
(Uhl.i; L9, Dicyphus agilis (Uhl.); 20, Dicyphus discrepans Kngt.; 20a, Dicyphu
famelicus (Uhl.); 21, Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say). Bryocorin^, tigs. 22 — 24 — 22.
Monalocoris filicis (Linn.); 2:;, Pycnoderes dilatatus Rent.: 24. Sixeonotus insignis

SUBFAMILY I. — MIRING. 665

Subfamily I. MIRIN^E Reuter, 1910, 128, 155.

Species above the medium in size and of an elongate form
having the head porrect, its front portion usually strongly
declivent ; pronotum longer than wide, narrowed in front, im-
pressed above near apex but without a distinct collar, the
lateral carinse entire ; scutellum large, triangular, with basal
half usually swollen and in part concealed ; elytra often di-
morphic, when entire the clavus distinct, corium with a central
nervure ; membrane usually with only one distinct cell, the
smaller one vague or obsolete ; cuneus elongate, its suture often
indistinct ; hind coxae almost contiguous ; hind femora elongate,
not much swollen ; basal joint of tarsi as long as or longer than
the other two united ; arolia large, free, often clavate. To this
subfamily, as thus characterized, belong ten of our eastern
genera.

KEY TO EASTERN" GEXERA OF MIRIX-F.

a. Pronotum widest at the base, not noticeably swollen at the middle.
b. Head strongly exserted ; eyes placed near its middle at some dis-
tance from the front margin of pronotum ; median sulcus of
vertex short but distinct. I. Collaria, p. 666.

bb. Head not or only slightly exserted; eyes usually in contact with
pronotum or nearly so.
c. Pronotum distinctly deeply punctured; hind margin of pronotum
truncate or nearly so.

d. Joint 1 of antenna? thickly clothed with long pubescent hairs;

punctures of pronotum and scutellum deep, closely placed.

II. Stenodema, p. 668.
dd. Joint 1 of antennae with very short pubescence or glabrous ;

punctures of pronotum and scutellum sparse and deep.

III. Mesomiris, p. 670.
cc. Pronotum impunctate or nearly so.

e. Antennal segments, at least the basal one, thickly clothed with

rather coarse stiff hairs.

Reut. Cylapin-^s. figs. 25 — 26 — 25, Cylapus tenuicornis Say; 26, Fulvius brunneus
(Prov.). ClivinemiN/E, fig. 27 — 27, Laraidca davisi Kngt., — claws and hind tarsus.
Der-^eocorin^e, figs. 28 — 32 — 28, Dcrwocoris pinicola Kngt.; 29, Derceocoris nebulosus
(Uhl.): 30, Derceocoris ruber (Linn.); 31, Eurychilopterella luridula Reut.; 32,
Eitstictus venatorius Van D. Ortiiotylin.sd, figs. 33 — 54 — 33, Labops hesperius Uhl. :
34, Scmium hirtum Reut.; 35. Parthenicus vaccini (Van D.); 36. Halticus cilri
Ashm. : Halticus intermedius Uhl.; 38, Strongylocoris stygica (Say): 30, Ortho-
eephalus mutabilis (Fall.); 40, Sericophanes heidemanni Popp. : 41, Alepidia gracilis
(Uhl.) ; 42. Pilophorus amcenus Uhl. ; 43, Pseudoxenetus scutellatus (Uhl.) ; 44,
Ceratocapsus modestus Uhl.; 45, Lopidea robinias (Uhl.); 46, Hadronema militaris
Uhl.; 47, Ilnacora malina (Uhl.) ; 48, Orthotylus flavosparsus (Sahib.); 49, Ortho-
tylus catulus Van D. ; 50. Orthotylus dorsal is (Prov.) ; 51, Heterocordylus malinus
Reut.; 52, Mecomma gilvipes (Stal): 53, Reuteria i/rrorata (Say); 54, Diaphnidia
pellucida Uhl. Mirinje, figs. 55 — 56 — 55, Pithanus mcerkeli (H.-S.) ; 56. Stenodema
trispinosum Reut. Capsi.nve, figs. 57 — 60—57, Barberiella <ii>ic<ilis Kngt. ; 58,
Platytylellus insitivus (Say); 59, Phytocoris lasiomcrus Reut.; 60, Lygus vanduzeei
Kngt. (After Knight in Hemiptera of Connecticut).

666 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDyE.

/. Hind margin of pronotum subtruncate; mesoscutum without a

deep fovea each side.
g. Median longitudinal sulcus of vertex deep, distinct; joint 1 of
antennae as long as pronotum and scutellum united; eyes
contiguous with front angles of pronotum; body almost
glabrous. IV. Megalocer^ea, p. 671.

(/(/. Median sulcus of vertex nearly or quite obsolete; joint 1 of
antennae not longer than pronotum; eyes slightly distant
from front angles of pronotum; body clothed with fine long
suberect pubescence. V. Miris, p. 671.

//. Hind margin of pronotum deeply concavely sinuate; meso-
scutum broadly exposed, with a large deep oblique fovea each
side and a distinct transverse impressed line behind the
foveae. VI. Eioneus, p. 673.

ee. Antennal segments clothed with very fine pubescence; body nearly
glabrous, at most with very short pubescence; hind margin of
pronotum deeply concave, leaving the mesoscutum broadly ex-
posed.
h. Head long and pointed, its front projecting sharply beyond base
of antennae; median sulcus of vertex deep; basal joint of
antennae not so long and attenuate as in hh.

VII. Trigonotylus, p. 674.
hh. Head short and flattened, its front scarcely projecting beyond
the base of antennae; median sulcus of head replaced by a
broad and shallow basin; basal joint of antennae slender,
curved, thickest near base, then tapering and slightly en-
larged at apex. VIII. Teratocoris, p. 677.
aa. Pronotum distinctly swollen at middle, as wide or wider there than
at base.
i. Head constricted into a short neck behind the eyes; basal joint of
antennae longer than width of vertex; tylus convex, its base dis-
tinct from the front; pronotum extending back to basal angles
of elytra. IX. Mimoceps, p. 679.
ii. Head not constricted behind the eyes; basal joint of antennae
shorter than width of vertex; tylus flattened, merged with the
. front; pronotum not extending back to basal angles of elytra.

X. Pithanus, p. 680.

I. Collaria Provancher, 1872, 79.

Elongate, slender, pubescent species having the head porrect,
prolonged forward, its front declivent; vertex with a median
longitudinal groove and a transverse impression between base
of eyes, thence feebly narrowed backward into a neck ; tylus
prominent, strongly shining; antennae about as long as body,
joint 1 stoutest, as long as or slightly longer than width of
head, 2 about three and one-half times as long as 1, 3 and 4
more slender, the former one-third or more the longer; beak

SUBFAMILY I. — MIRINjE. 667

reaching hind coxae, its basal joint stoutest; pronotum sub-
campanulate, the front lobe subcylindrical, impressed and con-
stricted above to form the semblance of a collar, the constric-
tion not cutting the lateral carinse, the calli prominent, hind
lobe finely and closely punctate, its basal margin straight, and
disk with an oval opaque, velvety-black spot near each hind
angle ; elytra with sides subparallel, membrane usually surpass-
ing abdomen, its cell longer than the cuneus. Other characters
as in key and under subfamily heading. Four species occur in
North America, three in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF COLLARIA.

a. Hind lobe of pronotum and scutellum black; calli of pronotum
strongly convex, nearly as high as base of pronotum.

637. MEILLEURII.

aa. Hind lobe of pronotum and scutellum brown or fuscous; calli much
less convex.
b. Tibiae with numerous short bristle-like hairs ; femora very indis-
tinctly dotted with brown; longer (6.6 — 7 mm.) and more robust.

638. OCULATA.
bb. Tibiae thickly hirsute with long slender hairs; femora distinctly
dotted with black; shorter (not over 6 mm.) and more slender.

639. EXPLICATA.

637 (875). Collaria meilleurii Provancher, 1872, 79.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. General color black, more or less
shining; elytra usually in great part dull straw-yellow, the apex of
corium and the clavus in part fuscous ; sometimes wholly fuscous except
the costal margins; femora, tibiae, beak, except tip, and extreme base of
antennae, dull yellow, the femora with small blackish-brown dots ; tarsi
and antennae fuscous, the basal joint of latter often paler; ventrals
sometimes margined and spotted on the middle with yellow. Length,
6 — 7 mm.

Lake and Marion counties, Ind., June 19 — July 9; frequent
on grasses growing in the low alluvial soil of the White River
bottoms. Its known range is northerly, extending from Ontario
and New England west to Michigan and Illinois. Usually com-
mon where found on grasses in low moist grounds. In some
specimens the elytra reach only to fifth dorsal.

638 (876). Collaria oculata (Reuter), 1876, 61.

Form of meilleurii, averaging slightly smaller. General color dull
brownish-yellow; head, joints 2 — 4 of antennae, front lobe of pronotum
and abdomen tinged with reddish or fuscous; hind lobe of pronotum and
scutellum dull brown, each with a narrow paler median line; elytra
chiefly brown, often tinged with fuscous, the embolium paler; legs and

668 family xxix. — mirid;e.

beak dull yellow, the tarsi darker and femora vaguely spotted with small
brown dots; basal joint of antenna? testaceous, darker at base. Struc-
tural characters as above given. Length, 6.2 — 7 mm.

Frequent throughout southern Indiana, less so in the north-
ern counties ; May 12 — Sept. 25. Dunedin and Ft. Myers, Fla.,
March 4 — 28 (//'. 5". B.). Recorded from six other stations in
Florida. Occurs in Indiana mainly on grasses growing in dry
soils along roadsides, railway embankments and other waste
places; sometimes on sedges and grasses along swales in up-
land woods ; also frequent on the low herbage of the sand flats
in the dune region. Ranges from Quebec and New England
west to Iowa and Kansas and southwest to Florida and Texas.
The velvety-black spots on the brown background of pronotum
are much more prominent than in meilleurii.

639 (877). Collaria explicata Uhler, 1887, 230.

Shorter and more slender than oculata. Pale brownish yellow, more
or less tinged with fuscous; cheeks and tylus blackish-piceous ; joint 1
of antennae reddish-brown, the extreme base and some dots on under
side blackish, 2 — 4 fuscous; basal lobe of head, pronotum, clavus and
inner half or more of corium usually tinged with dark fuscous; collar
and median carina of pronotum, median line and base of scutellum,
embolium and sternum, pale straw-yellow; ventrals tinged with fuscous.
Basal lobe of head and scutellum finely transversely wrinkled ; of prono-
tum finely, closely, unevenly punctate. Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Dunedin and Ft. Myers, Fla., Feb. 21— April 25 (W.S.B.).
Jamaica, W. I. (Gerhard). Described from Cuba and San Do-
mingo. Recorded from Biscayne Bay, Fla. The Dunedin speci-
mens were swept from prickly sida, Sida spinosa L., a semi-
tropical introduced weed.

II. Stenodema Laporte, 1832, 40.

Elongate, slender, greenish or straw-yellow species having
the head porrect, rather long and pointed, inserted in thorax
to eyes, the vertex with a short median groove ; joint 1 of
antenna? stout, slightly curved, thickly clothed with bristly
hairs, 2 — 4 gradually more slender, 3 about one-half the length
of 2, slightly longer than 4 ; beak reaching middle coxae, its
basal joint scarcely longer than head ; pronotum trapezoidal,
without transverse constriction, feebly narrowed from base
to apex, its lateral carina? distinct, entire, disk finely and
closely punctate and with a faint smooth median longitudinal
carina, this continued to apex of scutellum ; elytra entire, sur-

SUBFAMILY I. — MIRING. 669

passing abdomen ; membrane with two distinct cells, the larger
one longer than the cuneus.

Two species occur in our territory. A third, the Stenodema
virens (Linn.), a common European species, is included by
Van Duzee from "N. Amer.," without definite locality. Knight
(1922, 288) states that it occurs from Colorado and Montana
westward.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF STENODEMA.

a. Hind femora armed beneath near apex with three spines, the poste-
rior one very short; antennae dull yellow. 640. trispinosum.
act. Hind femora unarmed; antennae in great part reddish.

641. VICINUM.

640 (882). Stenodema trispinosum Reuter, 1904, 4, 8.

Elongate-oval, slender. Color a nearly uniform pale green fading to
straw-yellow; pronotum sometimes with two vague lateral stripes and
a blotch on basal half fuscous; corium rarely with a faint fuscous stripe
extending to apex of membrane; hind femora indistinctly dotted with
brown; mesosternum, tarsi and a stripe along the sides of under sur-
face often fuscous. Structural characters as under generic heading.
Length, 6.8 — 7.5 mm.

Common throughout southern Indiana, less so in the north-
ern counties, May 31 — Oct. 21. Occurs on grasses in meadows
and along roadsides, usually in dry soil. One specimen taken
on juniper has a dusky stripe the full length of corium and
membrane and four spines on hind femora. This is a palae-
arctic European species whose known range in this country is
northern, extending from Quebec and New England west across
the continent to British Columbia and California. Not recorded
south of New Jersey except from Texas, probably in error, by
Uhler (1876, 316) as Brachytropis calcaratus Fall.

641 (883). Stenodema vicinum (Provancher), 1872, 77.

Form of trispinosum, averaging slightly larger. Color much as
there; pronotum with a narrow pale median stripe, often bordered each
side by a wide fuscous one, extending from vertex back to end of scutel-
lum ; male with clavus and inner half of corium usually fuscous to black-
ish; antenna? in fresh specimens of a roseate hue, the basal joint often
paler. Hind femora more slender than in trispinosum and usually with-
out dark dots. Length, 7 — 7.5 mm. (Fig. 164).

Lake, Kosciusko and Marion counties, Ind., June 19 — Oct. 26 ;
swept from tall grasses along a railway embankment and from
low herbage along the margins of woods {W. S. B.). Chicago,

670

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

111., July— August (Gerhard). Sherborn, Mass., May 22 (Frost).
Various localities in North Carolina, July (Brimley). Ranges
from Quebec and New England to the Pacific ; occurring usually

in abundance in June and July on
grasses in low moist meadows, and
hibernating as imago. Previously
\A /J recorded mostly as Miris instabilis

Uhler or M. affinis Reut., both of
which are synonyms.

III. Mesomiris Reuter, 1909, 4.

Oblong suboval species having
the head porrect, not longer than
broad, about one-third narrower
than base of pronotum, inserted in
thorax to eyes, vertex with a deep
median impressed line, tylus sub-
vertical ; beak reaching middle
coxae, its first joint not surpassing
base of head ; antennae subglabrous,
longer than body, joint 1 stout,
elongate cylindrical, feebly curved,
subequal in length to 4, 2 three
times as long as 1, 3 about one-
fourth shorter than 2; pronotum trapezoidal, as wide at base
as long, sides feebly sinuate, basal half convex, sparsely and
deeply punctate ; scutellum about as long as head, transversely
strigose, sparsely punctate ; elytra slightly surpassing abdomen,
sides feebly rounded, membrane with two distinct cells. One
species is known.

642 (889). Mesomiris curtulus Reuter, 1909, 5.

Brownish-yellow or dark brown, often with a strong reddish tinge,
margins of elytra paler; pronotum with narrow median carina extend-
ing back to tip of scutellum and edge of side margins yellow; legs and
antennae dull red ; claval vein often fuscous. Pronotum distinctly, deeply,
unevenly punctate, the carinae of its side margins sharp, entire, reaching
eyes. Hind femora unarmed. Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Staten and Long Islands, N. Y., August (Davis). Barnegat
Bay District, N. J., Aug. 27 (Gerhard). Described from Mary-
land, where it occurs on wild rice. Known from southern New
England west to Pennsylvania. Resembles Stenodema vicinum,

Stenodema vicii
(After Lugger).

SUBFAMILY I. — MIRING. 671

but readily distinguished by the shorter head and the very
short, fine pubescence of the antennal segments.

IV. Megalocer^ea Fieber, 1858, 301.

Elongate linear pale greenish species having the head one-
third longer than broad, nearly as long as pronotum ; beak
reaching or surpassing hind coxae, its first joint longer than
head ; antennae longer than body ; hind femora moderately
swollen, and subcylindrical throughout their length. Four
species are recorded from North America, one from the east-
ern states.

643 ( — ). Megalocer^ea recticornis (Geoffroy) , 1785, 209.

Elongate, slender. Greenish-yellow; pronotum brownish or brown-
ish-yellow, the margins and median carina paler; scutellum with a
brownish tinge, its median line yellow; membrane grayish, tinged with
purplish, slightly iridescent, the inner cell and apex paler, veins whitish;
legs greenish-yellow, the hind ones almost twice as long as middle pair,
clothed with short blackish hairs; tips of tibiae brownish; tarsi and claws
fuscous. Antenna? brownish-yellow, joint 1 as long as pronotum and
scutellum united, both it and basal two-thirds of 2 clothed with short
black hairs; 2 and 3 subequal, each twice as long as 1 ; 4 one-third the
length of 3. Pronotum with front margin of disk flattened, lateral
carina? prominent, not reaching front or hind angles ; calli large, low,
separated by a rather deep impression ; hind lobe of disk minutely
rugosely punctate. Length, 8 — 8.5 mm.

Chiltern Hills, England (British Mus. Coll.) A palaearctic
European species taken by Fracker at Madison, Wis., June 27,
on foxtail, Cham&ropsis glauca L., and known in this country
only from there. In England it is not uncommon in midsummer
on plants growing along hedge rows.

V. Miris Fabricius, 1794, 183.

Elongate species of medium size having the head as wide as
long, slightly exserted, porrect, its front half moderately de-
clivent, vertex with a transverse depression just behind eyes ;
beak passing middle coxae, its basal joint surpassing base of
head ; eyes prominent ; pronotum trapezoidal, as wide at base
as long, disk minutely rugose, not punctate, feebly constricted
both before and behind the calli, the latter quite prominent ;
scutellum smooth ; mesoscutum strongly convex, partly ex-
posed ; elytra dimorphic, usually entire, surpassing the abdo-
men ; membrane with but one distinct cell, this one-half longer
than cuneus. Two species occur in eastern North America.

672 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MIRIS

a. Antenna? longer than body, joints 1 and 2 in female not stouter than
in male; general color brownish-yellow with black or fuscous
markings; brachypterous forms with membrane rudimentary.

644. DOLOBRATUS.

ad. Antenna; slightly shorter than body, joints 1 and 2 in female dis-
tinctly stouter than in male; general color brownish-pink, male,
pale pink, female; brachypterous forms wholly devoid of mem-
brane. 645. FERRUGATUS.

644 (879). Miris dolobratus (Linnaeus), 1758, 449.

Elongate, feebly tapering from base of elytra toward both ends.
Color variable, either dull brownish-yellow with black or fuscous mark-
ings, or largely black with elytra paler. In the darker forms, usually the
males, the head, antenna;, legs and under surface except sides of abdo-
men, are black, thorax with median stripe and lateral edges dull yellow;
scutellum black, its apical half paler; elytra dull reddish-brown or brown-
ish-yellow with clavus and corium often tinged with fuscous. In the paler
forms, usually females, the black parts above mentioned are dull brown-
ish-yellow, the only black marks being a forked median stripe on head ;
a broad stripe each side of pronotum extending onto mesoscutum, a
stripe each side of under surface, some scattered dots on femora and a
spot on mesosternum. In both forms the tarsi and apical half of beak
are fuscous. All possible variations occur between the extremes of dark
and pale forms. Antenna? with joint 1 stout, subcylindrical, feebly
curved, as long as pronotum, 2 more slender, more than twice as long
as 1, 3 one-half the length of 2, twice that of 4. Other characters as
under generic heading. Length, 7 — 9 mm.

This species is known as the "meadow plant-bug," and in
iate spring- and early summer it is the most common Mirid
throughout Indiana, occurring by myriads in pastures,
meadows and waste places on blue-grass, timothy and other
forage grasses, and doubtless doing much damage to them. In
central Indiana it winters in the egg stage and the nymphs are
very common in late April and May, the first adults maturing
about May 20. Osborn (1918) has given a full account of its
life history. A brachypterous form, mostly females, in which
the elytra reach only the fifth dorsal, is common. It is an
introduced palsearctic European species ranging in this coun-
try from Quebec and New England west to British Columbia
and Minnesota. Not recorded, though doubtless occurs, south
of Maryland, New Jersey and Kentucky.

645 (880). Miris ferrugatus Fallen, 1807, 107.

Male — Form and size of dolobratus. Head black with a stripe each
side of vertex and a narrow line on middle of tylus yellow; collar of

SUBFAMILY I. — MIRING. 673

pronotum black, with a median yellowish spot, disk with basal two-thirds
pinkish-brown, the sides and median triangular spot yellowish; scutel-
lum black with yellow median line, a reddish-brown spot each side of
base; elytra pinkish-brown, inner margin of clavus often blackish, costal
margin yellow; membrane grayish, inner nerve piceous, the others yel-
lowish; legs brownish-yellow, clothed with short black hairs; femora
with black dots more or less confluent, tarsi fuscous. Antennas dull
brownish- yellow thickly beset with short stout piceous hairs, joint 1 as
long as pronotum; 2 cylindrical, two and a half times as long as 1, its
middle third often reddish-brown; 3 and 4 slender, 3 three-fourths the
length of 2, twice as long as 4. Female — Head yellow, vertex usually
with two dark lines each side of the yellow center, a piceous stripe be-
hind each eye; pronotum with collar piceous, basal two-thirds of disk
pinkish, sides and middle of disk pale yellowish; scutellum yellowish, the
basal angles pink, margins blackish ; elytra and legs as in male. In the
brachypterous form the elytra are pink and reach only to third dorsal,
their tips divergent and narrowly rounded. Length, 7.5 — 8 mm.

Camberwell, England (British Mus. Coll.). A palsearctic Euro-
pean species recorded in this country only from Quebec and
Alaska. In England the brachypterous form is common on
grasses and other herbage along the margins of fields, the
macropterous one rather scarce.

VI. Eioneus Distant, 1893, 416.

Elongate, slender species having the head longer than its
width across eyes, inserted in thorax to eyes ; tylus subvertical,
longer than cheeks, the triangular front of head prolonged over
its base; vertex with a short median longitudinal groove; an-
tennae slender, longer than body, joint 1 and basal half of 2
thickly beset with stiff bristle-like forward inclined hairs ;
pronotum one-fourth longer at middle than wide at base, lateral
margins feebly converging from the base, slightly sinuate near
apex, their carina? sharp, percurrent ; front margin feebly con-
cave, hind one deeply and broadlv so ; mesoscutum broadly ex-
posed and with a large obliquely set funnel-shaped fovea each
side, this followed by a deep sharp cut transverse line; elytra
entire, their margins subparallel ; hind femora reaching apex
of membrane ; hind tibiae thickly beset with long slender black
setae.

This genus is closely allied both to Miris and Trigonotyhis.
From the former it differs by the concave hind margin of
pronotum, peculiar structure of mesoscutum and lack of long
pubescence on body ; from the latter by the thickly pilose basal

674 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

joints of antennae, and long setae of hind tibiae. Two species are
known, one from Mexico and Central America, the other from
Florida.

646 ( — ). ElONEUS gutticornis sp. nov.

Elongate, slender, sides subparallel. Pale greenish-yellow; head and
pronotum each with three narrow vague percurrent reddish stripes, the
median one continued back to apex of scutellum and on both it and
pronotum with a slender yellowish carina along its middle; legs greenish-
yellow, femora with scattered vague brownish dots, tarsi fuscous, hind
tibiae and basal joint of hind tarsi red; under surface with a reddish
stripe extending from below eyes along the side margin to fifth ventral ;
mesosternum and coxae with two similar stripes. Antennae as long as
body, joint 1 and basal half of 2 greenish-yellow, thickly flecked with
reddish dots and beset with grayish hairs; 1 stout, cylindrical, almost as
long as head and pronotum united; 2 two-thirds longer than 1, dis-
tinctly tapering from base to apex; 3 and 4 more slender, finely pubes-
cent, 3 dull yellow, one-half longer than 2 ; 4 brownish, one-fourth the
length of 3. Beak reaching hind coxae, its first joint shorter than head.
Pronotum smooth, its front half with two low oblong calli connected by
a raised line at middle. Other characters as under generic heading.
Length, 7.8 mm.

Described from a single female, taken near Dunedin, Fla.,
Nov. 21, by sweeping the grasses of a tidal marsh along the
bay front. The /:. bilineatus Dist. differs in having the first
antennal dark ochraceous without reddish dots ; hind tibiae and
base of hind tarsi bright castaneous, tips of all tibiae black and
apex of scutellum nodulose.

VII. Trigonotylus Fieber, 1858, 302.

Small elongate very slender species, usually green or green-
ish-yellow in hue, having the head porrect, distinctly longer
than wide, inserted in thorax to eyes; tylus compressed, ele-
vated above the cheeks; antennae longer than body, joint 1 as
long as or longer than head, finely pubescent, 2 about one-
fourth longer than 3, the latter nearly three times longer than
4 ; beak reaching middle coxae, first joint reaching base of head ;
pronotum trapezoidal, slightly wider at base than long, the
carinas of its side margins prominent, disk smooth or nearly
so, its hind margin broadly concave ; mesoscutum broadly ex-
posed and with a deep fovea each side of base ; elytra entire,
surpassing abdomen, large cell of membrane entirely hyaline ;
tibiae finely pilose; femora feebly swollen toward base. Seven
species occur in North America, all in our territory.

SUBFAMILY I. — MIRING. 675

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OP TRIGONOTYLUS.

a. Head not distinctly elongated between the eyes and base of antennae;
eyes usually prominent, oval or nearly round.
b. Hind tarsi and tips of hind tibiae black. 647. tarsalis.

bb. Tarsi usually reddish, tips of hind tibiae not black.

c. Joint 1 of antennae not or but slightly longer than head.
d. Basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than remaining two
united; pronotum usually with longitudinal fuscous stripes;
antennae reddish. 648. ruficornis.

dd. Basal joint of hind tarsi slightly shorter than remaining two
united ; pronotum without fuscous stripes.
e. Head and pronotum each with three roseate stripes, those of
head uniting at apex of tylus; antennae reddish at base, fus-
cous toward apex. 649. pulcher.
ee. Head, pronotum and antennae uniformly pale. 650. brevipes.
cc. Joint 1 of antennae one-half or more longer than head ; pronotum
with three or four pale orange or fuscous stripes, these some-
times prolonged backward onto scutellum and elytra.
/. Larger, length 6.2 — 7.5 mm. ; antennae greenish-yellow, joint
4 dusky; eyes large, elongate-oval. 651. uhleri.
//. Smaller, length less than 5 mm. ; antennae in great part red ; eyes
small, rounded. 652. longicornis.
aa. Head distinctly elongated between front margin of eyes and base of
antennae, the sides at this point parallel; eyes not prominent, dis-
tinctly longitudinal; antennae often pinkish. 653. confusus.

647 (893). Trigonotylus tarsalis (Reuter), 1876, 60.

Color a nearly uniform pale greenish-yellow, fading to dull straw-
yellow. Antennae from middle of joint 2 to apex of 4 often reddish; joint
3 scarcely shorter than 2. Pronotum minutely transversely strigose, a
distinct impression just in front of middle of disk. Elytra feebly taper-
ing from middle to their conjointly rounded tips. Length, 5.5 — 6.2 mm.

Argo and Chicago, 111., June 14 — July 24 ; taken at light and
by sweeping (Gerhard). Doubtless occurs in northern Indiana.
Ranges from southern New England west to North Dakota and
Manitoba and southwest to Kansas and Texas. Breeds on
slough grass (Spartina).

648 (890). Trigonotylus ruficornis (Geoffroy), 1785, 209.

Pale green fading to greenish-yellow; antennae dull red throughout;
pronotum often with four vague fuscous stripes with a narrow pale line
between the two median ones; tarsi reddish, the claws black. Pronotum
more widened behind than in our other species. Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 5 — Aug. 4 ; swept in some numbers
from grasses and wild rye along a railway embankment
(W.S.B.). Whiteface Mt., N. Y., July (Davis). Chicago, 111.,
and St. Anthony Park, Minn., July (Gerhard). A European

676 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

species ranging in this country from Quebec and New England
west to Alaska, Kansas and Colorado. Not recorded south of
Maryland. Uhler (1872, 409) says that in Massachusetts it
abounds upon the salt marshes near the coast.

649 (891). Trigonotylus pulcher Reuter, 1876, 59.

Pale green or greenish-white ; head and pronotum with roseate
stripes as in key, these often vague in dried specimens, in fresh ones
usually prominent, the median one extending to apex of scutellum and
with a narrow yellowish line along its middle; elytra each with three
similar roseate lines along the principal veins, the lateral ones often
reaching back to end of cuneus ; femora with similar roseate stripes ;
third joint of tarsi and claws fuscous. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Dunedin, Moore Haven and Cape Sable, Fla., Nov. 16 — March
7 (Jl'.S.B.). Agricultural College, Miss. (Weed). Recorded
from nine additional Florida stations. Frequent about Dune-
din in late autumn on goldenrod and tall grasses along the
margins of ponds. Described from Texas. Recorded by Van
Duzee as ranging from Maine to Colorado and south to Florida
and Texas, but the northern records probably refer to uhleri as
pulcher is not included in either Parshley's New England List
or the "Hemiptera of Connecticut."

650 (892). Trigonotylus brevipes Jakovlef, 1880, 215.

Form and size of pulcher. Color a nearly uniform pale green fad-
ing to greenish-yellow; antennae often with a reddish tinge; under sur-
face (in dried specimens) pale brown, the hind margin of each ventral
paler; tarsi tinged with reddish, the apical half of third joint and claws
fuscous. Length, 4.8 — 5.2 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 21. Taken in numbers from a fine grass
growing on the mucky borders of a pool on Hog Island. No
previous definite station record for that State. A cosmopolitan
submaritime species, known heretofore in this country from
Connecticut, Maryland and California; also from Jamaica and
Cuba.

651 (894). Trigonotylus uhleri (Reuter), 1876, 60.

Pale green, fading to greenish-yellow; pronotum and elytra with
rosaceous or fuscous stripes as in key, these prolonged backward to
cuneus, but often subobsolete in dried specimens; antennae greenish-yel-
low, the fourth joint dusky; ventrals and tarsal claws fuscous. Length,
6.2 — 7.5 mm.

Staten Island, N. Y., and Dennisville, N. J., June 24 — Sept. 6
(Da- 'is) ; taken on salt meadows. Known only from New Eng-

SUBFAMILY I. — MIRING. 677

land, New York and New Jersey. It is our largest species and
when fresh a very handsome one.

652 ( — ). Trigonotylus longicornis sp. nov.

Dark green fading- to greenish-yellow; head in part dull yellow;
pronotum with three vague fuscous stripes, the median one extending to
tip of scutellum and enclosing a narrow pale median line; hind tibia? and
basal joints of tarsi red, third tarsal and claws blackish. Joint 1 of
antenna? red, almost as long as head and pronotum united; 2 red, yellow-
ish toward apex, scarcely twice the length of 1 ; 3 yellowish at base, red
toward apex, slightly longer than 2; 4 red, two-fifths as long as 3.
Length, 4.5 — 4.7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 25 — April 4 ; swept from dense clumps
of coarse wire-grass along ditches near bay front. Resembles
pulchcr, but antennae more reddish, with first joint twice as
long.

653 (895). Trigonotylus confusus Reuter, 1909, 6.

Pale green; legs, and often the antennae, concolorous, hind tibiae and
tarsi reddish; head with median line and pronotum with four percur-
rent lines greenish-fuscous ; membrane whitish, the smaller cell coria-
ceous, greenish. Joints 1 and 3 of antennae subequal in length, 1 rather
stout, attenuate toward apex, as long as pronotum and half of head; 2
nearly twice as long as 1, 4 more slender, shorter than 1. Pronotum
with base but little wider than that of head, the transverse impression
located slightly behind the middle. Length, 4.3 — 5 mm.

Described from Paincy Point and Bay Ridge, Md. ; not re-
corded elsewhere. Similar in size and color to brevipes, but legs
and first antennal longer and base of pronotum narrower.

VIII. Teratocoris Fieber, 1858, 302.

Elongate or oblong, finely pubescent species having the head
short, porrect, wider than long, slightly exserted, vertex trans-
versely impressed ; eyes prominent ; antennae as long as or
longer than body, joint 1 as in generic key, 2 much more slen-
der, as long as clavus, 3 one-half longer than 4, both very
slender; beak reaching middle coxae; pronotum narrowed to-
ward apex, not declivent in front, its apical constriction dis-
tinct, but not cutting the marginal carinae; elytra entire or
abbreviated ; membrane with the large cell wholly or in part
opaque-punctate, confluent with the cuneus ; basal joint of
hind tarsi much longer than second. Three of the four known
American species occur in our territory.

678 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF TERATOCORIS.

a. Upper surface in part fuscous or reddish-fuscous, basal angles of

pronotum and margins of elytra paler; eyes very prominent;

length, 5.5 — 6 mm. 654. discolor.

aa. Pale greenish-yellow or straw color; pronotum trapezoidal; eyes of

moderate size.

6. Smaller, length 4 — 4.5 mm.; hind tibia? dull yellow.

655. HERBATICUS.

bb. Larger, length 5.7 — 6.8 mm.; hind tibiae red. 656. paludum.

654 (896). TERATOCORIS DISCOLOR Uhler, 1887b, 68.

Head, pronotum except side margins, scutellum, clavus, inner apical
half of corium and base of membrane, fuscous, usually more or less
tinged with reddish; two small vague spots on vertex, embolium, base
of corium, middle of ventrals 1 — 4 and coxa? usually pale dull yellow:
legs and joints 1 and 2 of antennae reddish; remainder of antenna? and
under surface, except base of ventrals, fuscous. Disk of pronotum with
apical and median constrictions prominent, the apical fourth and basal
third finely transversely rugose, marginal carina? distinct. Scutellum
minutely transversely rugose, its apex with a slight median carina. Ely-
tra finely pubescent, slightly widened from base to middle, then feebly
narrowed to apex. Length, 5.5 — 6.2 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., and Chicago, 111., June 8 — July 4 (Gerhard).
East New York, June 4 (Doris). Ranges from Quebec and
New England west to South Dakota and Colorado and south
to Missouri. Hussey found it common in July in the Juncus-
Equisetum zone at the edge of a marsh in Berrien Co., Mich.
Knight states that it occurs on sedges and is frequently at-
tracted to light.

655 (897). Teratocoris herbaticus Uhler, 1887b, 67.

Elongate, slender, sides subparallel, male; wider, more oval, female.
Pale greenish- or straw-yellow; male with a narrow black stripe ex-
tending from base of tylus to tip of scutellum; antenna?, knees and tarsi
tinged with brownish, femora with scattered dark dots. Antenna? reach-
ing tips of elytra, gradually more slender toward tips. Pronotum trape-
zoidal, side mai-gins of front portion strongly reflexed, humeral angles
prominent; hind portion depressed, sparsely punctate. Elytra narrow
with sides parallel, male, wider, more curved, the costal margin more
reflexed, female; corium and clavus vaguely wrinkled, sparsely punctate,
male, distinctly scabrous, female. Genital plate of male beset with stout
erect bristles. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Described from Ungava Bay and Hopedale, Labrador. Known
also from Norway and Sweden.

656 ( — ). Teratocoris paludum Sahlberg, 1871, 291.

Elongate, slender, sides subparallel. Pale green fading to straw-

SUBFAMILY I. — MIRIN^E. 679

yellow; joints 1 and 2 of antennae in great part pinkish, 3 and 4 fus-
cous; knees and hind tibia? pinkish-red. Pronotum with constrictions less
deep than in discolor, the median area of disk with a distinct impression.
Apex of scutellum with an obtuse tubercle. Length, 5.2 — 6 mm.

Chicago, 111., May 23— June 13; taken at light (Gerhard).
An introduced palsearctic species known in this country only
from New York, Illinois and Minnesota. Occurs on Carcx vcs-
icaria.

IX. MlMOCEPS Uhler, 1890, 83.

Elongate, subcylindrical, shining species having the head
subglobose, wider than front of pronotum, front subvertical;
eyes large, hemispherical ; antennae slender, almost setaceous,
as long as or longer than body, joint 1 strongly constricted
near base, longer than head, 2 about three times as long as 1,
3 slightly shorter than 2, longer than 4 ; beak reaching almost
to middle coxae; pronotum as in key, subcampanulate, hind
margin slightly sinuate ; mesoscutum exposed ; scutellum large,
transversely impressed ; elytra coriaceous, dimorphic, in ma-
cropterous form reaching or surpassing tip of abdomen, with
cuneous not well defined but long, almost ligulate and cell of
membrane long and large ; legs slender, hind femora almost
cylindrical. Two species are known, both occurring in our ter-
ritory.

KEY TO SPECIES OF MlMOCEPS.

a. Pronotum wider behind than at middle and with a bilobate con-
vexity on front half; posterior lobe of pronotum slightly convex.

657. INSIGNIS.

act. Pronotum not wider behind than at middle, the convexity not bi-
lobed ; posterior lobe flat. 658. gracilis.

657 (916). Mimoceps insignis Uhler, 1890, 84.

Elongate, subcylindrical, widened and subdepressed behind the mid-
dle. Black, shining; elytra with a large triangular yellow spot at base,
apical fourth of costal margin dull yellow; antennae brownish-yellow,
joint 1 fuscous at base; coxae and trochanters bright yellow, femora and
tibiae brownish-yellow, tarsi and claws fuscous. Joint 1 of beak shorter
than head, 3 much longer than any of the others. Elytra, macropterous
form, much surpassing abdomen, the membrane distinct; brachypterous
form, reaching apex of abdomen, their tips rounded. Front and middle
legs widely separated, hind ones very long; basal joint of tarsi stoutest,
as long as the others united. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Described from Illinois and known only from that State and
New York.

680 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

658 (917). MlMOCEPS GRACILIS Uhler, 1890, 85.

General color black, shining; elytra pale straw-yellow with a com-
mon broad postmedian blackish bar; legs and joints 1 and 2 of antennae
reddish-yellow, remainder of antenna? and tips of tarsi fuscous. Joint
1 of antennae stout, feebly curved, slightly longer than head; 2 — 4 much
more slender, 3 one-fourth shorter than 2, one-half longer than 4. Thorax
subcylindrical, its subapical constriction deeper than the one at basal
third, the space between them smooth, convex, the apical and basal areas
finely rugose. Elytra, brachypterous form, reaching sixth dorsal, their
tips broadly separately rounded. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Argo, 111., July 31 — Aug. 7 (Gerhard). Ranges from On-
tatrio and northern New York west to Wisconsin and Utah.
Occurs on sedges and grasses in low meadows and pastures.

X. Pithanus Fieber, 1858, 303.

Elongate, opaque, glabrous species having the head trian-
gular, almost vertical, rather wide, apex not compressed ; eyes
subspherical, rather prominent, contiguous to pronotum ; an-
tennae finely pubescent, joint 1 short, stout, curved, not reach-
ing tip of tylus ; beak reaching hind coxae ; pronotum feebly
constricted near apex, its median area strongly swollen to form
two prominent calli, the area behind these very short, finely
transversely rugose, the hind margin subtruncate ; scutellum
convex, wholly visible, minutely strigose ; elytra dimorphic,
in macropterous forms surpassing abdomen, cuneus ill-defined,
membrane with but one distinct cell; in brachypterous form
strongly abbreviated, subequal in length to pro- and mesonota
united ; abdomen elongate or elongate-oval, base not constrict-
ed, margins strongly reflexed ; first joint of hind tarsi twice
the length of second. One species occurs in the eastern states.

659 (918). Pithanus m^erkelii (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1839, 78.

Brachypterous Female — Subcylindrical, rather robust. Black, sub-
opaque, almost glabrous; first antennal, except base, two small trans-
verse spots on vertex, entire corium, reflexed margin of dorsum, beak
except tip and middle of ventrals 1 — 3, yellowish-white; legs reddish-
yellow, a row of dots on under side of hind femora, tarsi in part and
antennae, except basal joint, fuscous. Joint 2 of antennae about four times
the length of 1, 3 and 4 filiform, united slightly longer than 2, 3 twice
as long as 4. Elytra very short, barely covering first dorsal, their tips
truncate. Clavus scarcely distinct from corium, finely transversely ru-
gose. Male with tips of elytra rounded and inflexed connexivum fuscous.
Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Honeoye Falls, N. Y., June 22 (Davis) ; swept from grasses
growing along the edge of land set to nursery stock. An in-

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^. 681

troduced European species known in this country from Nova
Scotia, Maine, New York and Victoria, B. C. The macrop-
terous form is very rare, both here and in Europe.

Subfamily II. CAPSIN^E Reuter, 1883, 566.

Oval, rarely elongate species having, in addition to the char-
acters given in the subfamily key, the head short, usually
broader across the eyes than long, its front portion more or
less declivent ; cheeks not prominent, rarely elevated above
the tylus ; pronotum generally subtrapezoidal, rarely without
a distinct collar, if so the abdomen constricted at base, disk
with calli more or less distinct, the carinae of sides, if present,
very fine, not reaching apical angles ; scutellum triangular,
broadly exposed ; elytra usually entire, cuneus triangular, its
suture distinct ; membrane with two cells ; tibiae generally finely
spinose ; first joint of tarsi as in key.

The subfamily is very large and is represented in our terri-
tory by 27 genera. These are distributed among three tribes
which are separated as follows:

KEY TO TRIBES OF SUBFAMILY CAPSIX.E.

a. Form not ant-like; abdomen not distinctly constricted; side margins
of pronotum more or less distinct, frequently finely carinate; costal
margins of elytra straight or slightly curved.
b. Pronotal collar convex, about as wide as calli; tibiae without spines
but sometimes with stiff black hairs ; body opaque, impunctate,
usually in part red or yellow; front of head vertical, rarely de-
clivent, the cheeks high; osteolar peritreme ill defined, its mar-
gins low; joint 1 of hind tarsi twice as long and thicker than
joint 2. Tribe I. Resthenini, p. 681.

bb. Pronotal collar, narrow, convex, never as wide as calli; tibiae
with rows of spines, sometimes rather fine; body usually more or
less shining, often punctate; front of head usually declivent, the
cheeks of medium height or low; osteolar peritreme well defined,
its margins elevated; joint 1 of tarsi rarely longer than joint
2 or, if so, never thicker than 2. Tribe II. Capsini, p. 689.

aa. Slender ant-like species; abdomen constricted at base; side margins
of pronotum indistinct, more or less sinuate ; elytra coarctate at
middle. Tribe III. Myrmecoriini, p. 794.

Tribe I. RESTHENINI Reuter, 1905, 20, 28. (Horistini Van D.).

To this tribe, as characterized in the key, belong three gen-
era of the subfamily Capsinse, two of which are represented in
the eastern states.

682 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.E.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF RESTHENINI.

o. Head short, vertical, when viewed from the side nearly square at
apex; gula short, almost invisible; stricture of pronotal collar in-
terrupted at side, not joining base of coxal cleft; second joint of
hind tarsi not more than half the length of first.

I. Platytylellus, p. 682.
act. Head longer, declivent, when viewed from the side oblique, produced
and narrowed to apex; gula rather long, oblique; stricture of pro-
notal collar joining base of coxal cleft; second joint of hind tarsi
nearly or quite as long as first. II. Opistheuria, p. 689.

I. Platytylellus Reuter, 1907, 71.

Elongate or oblong, opaque, impunctate species having the
head short, broad, vertical, immersed in thorax to eyes, vertex
without a median groove; eyes prominent, male, less so,
female; beak reaching or surpassing middle coxse; pronotum
subcampanulate, apex one-half to two-thirds narrower than
base, front lobe with collar wide, very prominent, sides obtuse,
not margined, hind lobe convex, declivent, its basal margin
broadly rounded, hind angles obtuse; scutellum smooth, con-
vex, shorter than pronotum; elytra entire, longer than ab-
domen, their sides feebly, very broadly, curved, membrane
with two cells, the larger one elongate.

Of the 14 species included by Van Duzee in his Catalogue,
eight occur in the eastern states, while four species and a
number of varieties have since been described by Knight. Sev-
eral of the species are based on color characters alone and part
of them will, in time, doubtless prove to be synonymous. They
have in the past been mostly recorded under the generic name
Resthenia.78

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PLATYTYLELLUS.

a. Basal joint of antennae not as long as width of vertex.
b. Larger, length to end of elytra 8 or more mm.; head wholly black-
ish or with a black spot. 660. confraternus.
bb. Smaller, length less than 7.5 mm.; head red, its front rarely with a
black spot.
c. Disk of pronotum with a median red stripe; length of joint 1 of
antenna? not more than one and a half times the lateral width
of an eye.

T- Walker (1873, 91) mint ions a specimen of CapstlS ilirisn H.-S. from St. John's
Bluff, Fla., as being in the British Museum. China writes that the species is not
at present in the .Museum. Van Duzee, in his Catalogue, presumably on the Walker
record, gives "Fla." in the distribution notes. Barber (1906, 21s i records P. divisus
from Texas, and statrs that it has not been previously reported from the United
states, it is therefore not considered in this work. The Capsus incisits Walker
(1873, 92), listed by Van Duzee (1917, 1 3 1 2 1 as a Platytylellus, is said by China
t Ms. i to be a Paracalocoris.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 683

d. Median stripe of pronotum extending back to join the red scu-
tellum ; basal half of hind femora orange-red.

661. RUBROVITTATUS.

del. Median stripe extending back only to middle of hind lobe; hind
femora wholly black. 662. intercidendus.

cc. Disk of pronotum without a median red stripe; joint 1 of antennae
twice as long as lateral width of an eye. 663. nigricollis.

cut. Basal joint of antennae equal to or greater than width of vertex.
e. Pronotum wholly a uniform yellow or orange-red, elytra black.
/. Scutellum orange-yellow; tibiae clothed with short hairs, their
length less than thickness of tibiae; male genital without tu-
bercles. 664. INSITIVUS.
ff. Scutellum black; tibiae clothed with longer hairs, their length
greater than thickness of tibiae; male genital with a tubercle
each side. 665. nigroscutellatus.
ee. Pronotum in part black, rarely wholly bright red, but if so, the
costal margins of elytra red or dull yellow.
g. Larger, length, 9 or more mm.

h. Joint 2 of antennae three or more times the length of 1, dis-
tinctly longer than width of pronotum at base.

666. FRATERNUS.

hh. Joint 2 of antennae twice as long as joint 1, subequal in length
to width of pronotum at base. 667. ROBUSTUS.

gg. Smaller, length less than 8 mm.

i. Lateral margins of elytra orange-red ; pronotal disk in great
part red with a black or fuscous stripe each side, or a fuscous
blotch near base. 668. circumcinctus.

ii. Elytra wholly black.
j. Joint 1 of antennae equal in length to width of vertex, plus one-
third dorsal width of an eye; scutellum often with an orange
or reddish median stripe; length, 7.5 — 7.7 mm.

669. RUBELLICOLLIS.

jj. Joint 1 of antennae but slightly longer than width of vertex;
length, 7.7 mm. or less.
k. Head red, the tylus and more or less of juga and lora blackish;
pronotum red, the greater part of hind lobe usually black.

670. INSIGNIS.

kk. Head and scutellum black, basal margin of vertex narrowly
red; pronotal collar red, usually blackish above; surface
finely granulate. 671. borealis.

660 (902). Platytylellus confraternus (Uhler) , 1872, 411.

Head crimson or blood-red, tylus and vertex wholly or in part black
or fuscous-black; middle of collar and center of disk of pronotum, scu-
tellum, elytra, legs and antennae black; membrane dark brown, its veins
blackish; basal halves of femora often with a reddish tinge; coxae dull
yellow; genital region fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae slightly shorter than
width of vertex, 2 as long as pronotum and scutellum united, 3 one-
half the length of 2, one-third longer than 4. Beak reaching to or be-
tween hind coxae. Length, 8 mm.

684 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.E.

Ormond, Fla., April 4 (W.S.B.) ; holotype of var. collar is
Knight Ms. Denver, Colo., July 15 (Gerhard). The recorded
range extends from Massachusetts west to Michigan and Colo-
rado and southwest to Florida and Texas. Although rede-
scribed from Massachusetts by Uhler (1878, 399) and recorded
by Parshley from both that State and Connecticut, Knight
ignores it in his key (1923, 551) . There is no previous definite
station record from Florida. The black markings of head and
pronotum vary much in size and the scutellum is said to be
sometimes reddish at base. In the var. collaris Knight the
upper surface of head, except jugaB, is wholly black and the
pronotum red with a large black spot on middle of disk of hind
lobe.

661 (910). Platytylellus rubrovittatus (Stal), 1862, 318.

Color above black; head except tylus and eyes, collar and median
stripe of pronotum, scutellum except basal angles, basal joint of beak
and under surface except a spot on mesosternum and another on sixth
ventral, red or orange-red; legs black, the basal half of hind femora
and coxa? in part orange-red. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? of nearly equal
thickness, 2 nearly four times as long as 1, male, three times as long,
female, 3 two-thirds as long as 2, nearly twice the length of 4. Beak
reaching hind coxa?. Upper surface finely granulate. Length, 5 — 5.3 mm.

Marshall Co., Ind., Aug. 8. Dunedin, R. P. Park and Moore
Haven, Fla., Jan. 10 — April 20. Frequent about Dunedin,
hibernating beneath bunches of decaying weeds and other
cover, and in spring swept from tall grass and herbage along
the margins of ponds. Recorded by Barber from Sanford,
Fla. Ranges from Nova Scotia and Massachusetts west to
Northern Indiana and Colorado and southwest to Florida,
Texas and Mexico.

662 (905). Platytylellus intercidendus (Distant), 1893, 426.

Basal lobe of pronotum, elytra, antenna?, tylus and legs black; head,
collar, side margins and a short backward projecting spur on pronotum,
scutellum except basal angles, and under surface, orange-red; spot on
mesosternum and the genital region of abdomen fuscous. Beak reach-
ing or slightly passing hind coxa?. Joint 2 of antenna? slightly more
slender and nearly three times longer than 1, subequal in length to width
of basal margin of pronotum, 4 two-fifths the length of 3. Elytra wider
with sides behind middle more curved in female than in male. Length,
6.2—6.8 mm.

Dunedin and Ft. Myers, Fla., Nov. 26 — April 26. Frequent
about Dunedin in spring on low huckleberry plants in pine

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E.

685

woods and on herbage about the margins of ponds. Tarboro,
N. Car., May 28 (Brimlcy). Described from Mexico. Recorded
also from Biscayne Bay, Fla., and San Diego, Cal. The head
of Distant's type was in part black, but Reuter (1913, 36) says
that the color of head is variable, "etiam sanguineum, solum
clypeo nigro," as in all the Florida specimens at hand. The
basal half and more of pronotum is covered with a subcordate
black spot, which reaches the hind angles.

663 (906). Platytylellus nigricollis (Reuter), 1876, 65.

Form and size of intercidendus. Color much the same, the pro-
notum with only the collar and side margins orange-red ; all the coxae
and basal third of hind femora of the same hue. Joint 2 of antenna?
nearly three times the length of 1, 3 one-fourth longer than 4. Length,
6 — 6.4 mm.

Lake County, Ind., June 29 — July 14. Ranges from New
England west to North Dakota and south to New Jersey.

664 (899). Platytylellus in-
sitivus (Say), 1832, 21;
I, 340.
Black, opaque, finely granu-
late; pronotum, scutellum, gula
and prosternum wholly pale
orange-yellow; beak fuscous, its
basal joint tinged with yellow.
Width of pronotal collar slightly
greater than that of head. Joint 1
of antenna? one-fourth longer
than width of vertex, 2 nearly
three times longer than 1, 3 two-
thirds the length of 2, twice as
long as 4. Beak reaching or
slightly passing hind coxae.
Length, 8.5— 10 mm. (Fig. 165).

Marshall, Tippecanoe and

Marion counties, Ind., June.

Sanford, Istokpoga, Moore

< ^ Haven, R. P. Park and Dun-

Fig. 165, X m- (Original). edin> pj^ March 3_April

13. Apparently scarce in Indiana but rather common in Flor-
ida, where it occurs in spring on foliage of shrubs and herbs
along the borders of ponds and the paths and margins of moist
dense hammocks. Recorded also from Crescent City, St. John's
Bluff and Biscayne Bay. Described from Indiana and ranges

686 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDjE.

from Ontario and New England west to Colorado and south
to Florida. Easily known by its large size and wholly pale
pronotum and scutellum. Uhler (1884, 286) states that the
head is sometimes yellow and that the "young occur upon wild
blackberry and other bushes in the alleys of oak woods where
the soil is damp and rich." Knight (1923, 556) has described
from Maine a var. angusticollis, a small form (6.9 — 8 mm.) with
width of pronotal collar less than width of head.

665 ( — ). Platytylellus nigroscutellatus Knight, 1923, 557.

Slightly larger than insitivus, color the same except that scutellum
is black and sternum blackish with pleura orange-yellow. Genital of
male with a prominent tubercle at base of left clasper and a smaller one
at base of right clasper. Length, 9.2 — 9.7 mm.

Recorded only from New York and Pennsylvania.

666 ( — ). Platytylellus fraternus Knight, 1923, 557.

Head usually, except tylus, all or part of pronotum, and under sur-
face crimson or orange-red ; pronotum often with a large blackish blotch
covering the median portion of hind lobe and sometimes with a small
transverse median dark spot on collar; elytra either wholly sooty-black
or with the margins paler; legs usually sooty-black, thickly clothed with
long blackish-bristle-like hairs, coxae paler. Antennae sooty-black, joint
1, one-fifth longer than width of vertex, thickly clothed with inclined
bristle-like hairs, 2 three times as long as 1, male, twice as long, female,
clothed with short stiff dark hairs, 3 about one-third longer than 4. Beak
reaching middle of hind coxae. Length, 9 — 11 mm.

Ranges as a species from New England west to Minnesota
and south and southwest to South Carolina and Florida.
Knight (loc. cit) described three color varieties, separating
them from the typical form as follows :

key to color varieties of platytylellus fraterxus.

(i. Elytra uniformly black; pronotum red, median line of disk, includ-
ing calli, black, thus leaving lateral margins of disk broadly red;
head with front and vertex chiefly black. 666. fraternus.

mi. Elytra with lateral margins pale or red.

(/).) Pronotal disk with broad median ray extending from black scu-
tellum to anterior margin black; calli and spot on dorsal surface
of collar black. 666a. var. rubromarginatus.

(c). Pi'onotum and scutellum uniformly bright red, head, except tylus
and the calli red. 666b. var. regalis.

(d). Head, except tylus, and the calli red; scutellum black; central
area of pronotal disk black, in dark specimens spreading to
involve all but lateral margins and the calli. 666c. var. discifer.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 687

Variety rubromarginatus is recorded from New Hampshire,
New York, Pennsylvania and Michigan. The range of variety
regalis is southern, extending from New Jersey southwest to
Florida. In a specimen taken at Dunedin, Fla., April 19, the
scutellum is dull red tinged with fuscous, showing that these
color varieties merge into one another and are scarcely worthy
their varietal names. A single specimen of var. discifer was
swept April 10 from low huckleberry in pine woods near Dun-
edin. It is known only from Florida and Maryland.

667. (903). Platytylellus robustus Reuter, 1913, 32.

Elongate-oval. Dilute cinnabar red, opaque, pronotum thickly
clothed with short pale hairs. Elytra with similar blackish ones; tylus,
eyes, small median spot on apical margin of pronotum, scutellum except
the basal angles, elytra and legs black; pronotum with calli and trian-
gular spot on basal half fuscous tinged with reddish. Joints 1 and 2
of antennae densely pilose, 1 about one-fifth shorter than width of head
across eyes; 2 twice as long as 1, its length equal to width of pronotum
at base; 3 more slender, three-fifths the length of 2. Beak slightly sur-
passing hind coxae. Pronotum about one-fifth shorter than wide at base.
Scutellum one-third shorter than pronotum. Tibiae densely blackish
pubescent, the longest hairs equal to thickness of tibia. Length, 10 mm.

Described from a single female taken in Georgia. Except
in the longer second antennal, the description differs little from
some of the color varieties of / rater n us Knight.

668 (911). Platytylellus circumcinctus (Say), 1832, 23; I, 343.

Color in great part orange-red ; head with front and tylus fuscous-
black; color of pronotum as in key; scutellum reddish, the basal angles
black; elytra black with embolium and outer margin of corium and
cuneus reddish; antennae and legs black, the coxae and basal fourth of
femora red ; genital segment and middle of last two ventrals fuscous.
Joint 1 of antennae one-eighth longer than width of vertex, 2 three times
longer than 1, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, one-half longer than 4.
Length, 7 — 7.5 mm.

McCuller's and Cary, N. Car., September 13—15 (Brimlcy).
Described from Indiana. Ranges from New England west to
North Dakota and Utah. In one of the North Carolina speci-
mens the pronotum is wholly red, in the other only tinged with
fuscous near the base.

669 ( — ). Platytylellus rubellicollis Knight, 1923, 555.

Black; collar, front margin of disk of pronotum and lower half of
propleura orange-red to pink; scutellum sometimes (var. vittiscutis
Knight) with an orange-red stripe; this rarely (var. confluens Knight)
reaching forward to collar of pronotum. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae black,

688 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

1 one-fifth longer than width of vertex; 2 slightly tapering from base to
apex, thickly clothed with short black hairs, three times as long as 1;
3 and 4 fuscous, 3 three-fifths the length of 2, nearly twice as long as 4.
Pronotum with basal margins of calli impressed, disk strongly convex,
both it and elytra finely granulate, finely and densely pubescent. Length,
7.5 — 7.7 mm.

St. Anthony Park, Minn., June 2 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). De-
scribed from Minnesota, the two color varieties also from there
and from Maine. Adults and nymphs of the typical form were
taken on the figwort, Schrophularia leporella Bicknell.

670 (909). Platytylellus insignis (Say), 1832, 22; I, 342.

Velvety-black, opaque, finely granulate; head except tylus, pronotum
except part of the hind lobe and scutellum except the side margins or
basal angles, red; ventrals black, the basal ones tinged with red. Joint
1 of antennae but one-tenth longer than width of vertex, 2 nearly three
times the length of 1, 3 about two-thirds the length of 2, one-half longer
than 4. Beak reaching hind coxae. Length, 6.7—7.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 10 (W.S.B.). Fairfax Co., Va., and
Beltsville, Md., June 22 — July 1 {Davis). Ranges from Ontario
and New England west to Iowa and North Dakota and south-
west to Florida and Texas. Recorded from many stations but
part of the records doubtless should be referred to rubrovittatus
and intercidendus, which it closely resembles in size and color.
In Florida it is much less common than rubrovittatus.

670a ( — ). Platytylellus insignis fraterculus Knight, 1923, 554.

Differs from the typical form in having the scutellum black and
ventral surface usually wholly red ; hind lobe of pronotum black with its
side margins narrowly pale, as is also often the case in typical insignis.
Length, 5.1 — 6.6 mm.

Crawford and Posey counties, Ind., June 26 — July 7. Laurel
Hill, N. Car., June 22 (Brimley). Ranges from southern Indi-
ana north to Minnesota. The North Carolina specimens have
the ventrals wholly black, thus forming a connecting link be-
tween the typical form and Knight's variety.

671 ( — ). Platytylellus borealis Knight, 1923, 553.

Dull black; base of vertex, collar and a lateral stripe on flanks of
pronotum, red; ventrals 1 — 4 orange-red. Joint 1 of antennae as long as
width of vertex, male, slightly longer, female; 2 two and three-fourths
times the length of 1, 3 two-thirds as long as 2, 4 three-fourths the length
of 3. Beak reaching between hind coxae. Length, 6.3 mm.

Morrison Co., Minn., July 10 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). A species
of northern distribution ranging from Ontario and New Eng-

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 689

land west to Alberta and North Dakota. Very close to nigricollis
and may prove to be only a color variety of that species.

II. Opistheuria Reuter, 1907a, 170.

Elongate or subobovate, opaque impunctate species having
the head declivent, distinctly wider than collar of pronotum,
about as long as width across eyes, male, somewhat longer,
female; beak reaching middle coxae; antennae slender, as long
as body; pronotum slightly wider at base than long, apex
about one-half narrower than base, basal lobe feebly convex,
declivent towards apex, its hind margin with sides rounded and
middle subtruncate; elytra entire, surpassing abdomen, sides
parallel, distinctly dilated behind the middle, claval commis-
sure slightly longer than scutellum, cuneus longer than its
base, membrane with two cells ; legs pilose. Three species are
known, one from our territory.

672 (913). Opistheuria clandestina Van Duzee, 1915, 110.

Elongate, subparallel, male, obovate, female. Pronotum and ventral
surface, except genital segments, orange-red; head red with front and
tylus fuscous-black; scutellum and elytra fuscous-brown to black, the
side margins of the latter broadly pale; antennae and legs brownish-
black, coxa? reddish, basal halves of femora often in part dull yellow.
Joint 1 of antennae slightly longer than head, 2 one-half longer than 1,
3 two-thirds the length of 2, one-third longer than 4. Lorae separated
from the cheeks by a distinct suture. Collar prominent, longer than the
calli. Length, 7 — 7.5 mm.

Harrison Co., Ind., Aug. 20. Sanford and Dunedin, Fla., Dec.
25 — April 10. At Dunedin both nymphs and adults were taken
in April by beating along the margins of wet hammocks. The
Indiana specimen has the base of pronotum clouded with black.
Described from Crescent City, Sanford and Ft. Myers, Fla.
Knight (1918b, 115; 1923, 550) has recorded the typical form
from New York and has named two color varieties, dorsalis
having the pronotal disk largely black and ventrals orange-
red, from New York and Ohio ; and ventralis with pronotum and
ventral surface chiefly black from New York and Wisconsin.
As the color, like that of a horse, varies greatly, these names
are superfluous.

Tribe II. CAPSINI Reuter, 1883, 566.

To this tribe, as characterized in the key, p. 681, belong the
great majority of North American Miridae of the subfamily

690 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID;£.

Capsinse. They were separated by Reuter (1909, 9) into 25
genera. Van Duzee in his Catalogue recognized 31 genera
from America north of Mexico. Representatives of 23 are
known from the eastern states. For convenience in classifica-
tion these are divided into two Divisions, separated as follows :

KEY TO DIVISIONS OF THE TRIBE CAPSINI.

a. Body above impunctate, or with fine aciculate punctures only.

Division I. Phytocoraria, p. 690.
aa. Body above, or at least the pronotum, punctate, sometimes very
finely, but usually distinctly so; calli usually prominent.

Division II. Capsaria, p. 751.

Division I. — Phytocoraria Douglas & Scott, 1865, 29, 299.

To this division belong 13 of the 23 eastern genera of the
tribe Capsini. They differ much in form and general appear-
ance, but all are devoid of distinct punctures on the pronotum.
As here treated the Division includes also the Dichrooscytaria,
the characters given in their separation by both Douglas and
Scott and Van Duzee (1916a, 206) being variable and compara-
tive only, not fixed.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF PHYTOCORARIA.

a. Basal joint of antennae very stout, thickly clothed with flattened
hairs; apical half of second joint distinctly thickened.

I. Neurocolpus, p. 691.
aa. Basal joint of antennae without flattened hairs.

b. Pronotum with two opaque, usually rounded black spots placed in
small concavities behind the calli, these rarely wanting, some-
times merged with larger spots on basal half of disk; basal joint
of antennae clothed with long black hairs and setae.

II. Paracalocoris, p. 692.

lib. Pronotum without black spots, or if present the spots ill defined,

not in concavities, and basal joint of antennae without long black

hairs or setae.

c. Second joint of antennae strongly swollen, clavate or fusiform,

tapering toward the base. III. Garganus, p. 698.

cc. Second joint of antennae linear or only slightly thickened toward

apex.

d. Hind femora distinctly surpassing tip of abdomen, flattened and

broader on basal halves, tapering and slender toward apex;

body above opaque and impunctate. IV. Phytocoris. p. 699.

dd. Hind femora shorter, not or scarcely extending beyond tip of

abdomen.

e. Joint 1 of hind tarsi much longer than joint 3 ; color greenish

yellow with two ill defined stripes or spots on pronotum and

a stripe on each elytron fuscous. V. Stenotus, p. 730.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 691

ee. Joint 1 of hind tarsi shorter than joint 3 ; color not as above.
/. Calli of pronotum vague or wanting; vertex with an impressed
median line, both it and upper part of face opaque, dis-
tinctly obliquely striate. VI. Creontiades, p. 731.
//. Calli usually conspicuous; vertex shining, rarely {Adelpho-
coris) with distinct sulcus or striae.
g. Dorsal surface distinctly pubescent, opaque or nearly so.
h. Body above and below clothed with sericeous or tomentose
pubescence; head slightly exserted, the eyes not in contact
with pronotal angles ; vertex with two small pale spots ad-
joining the inner border of eyes. VII. Polymerus, p. 733.
hh. Body clothed only with simple pubescence, not tomentose;
vertex without pale spots near eyes.
i. Head broad, not exserted, the large eyes in contact with
and overlapping the front angles of pronotum; hind mar-
gin of eyes sulcate and forming a curved line with base of
vertex; pronotum without black spots.
j. Head declivent; vertex convex; width of head across eyes
distinctly less than width of pronotum at base.

VIII. DlCHROOSCYTUS, p. 741.

jj. Head subvertical; vertex flat; width of head across eyes
almost as great as width of pronotum at base.

IX. Bolteria, p. 743.
ii. Head narrower, more or less exserted, eyes convex behind
and well removed from pronotal angles ; pronotum usu-
ally with a vague black spot behind each callus.
k. Joint 4 of antennae equal in thickness to joint 2 at base;
sides of pronotum without carinae; collar of p>ronotum
very narrow, its width not greater than thickness of an-
tennal joint 4; color usually brown or fuscous, the mar-
gins of elytra paler. X. Adelphocoris, p. 744.
kk. Joint 4 of antennae distinctly thinner than joint 2 at base;
collar distinctly wider than thickness of joint 4; color a
nearly uniform pale greenish-yellow.

XL Calocoris, p. 746.
gg. Dorsal surface glabrous, highly polished.

/. Beak reaching to or beyond hind margin of middle coxae;
second joint of antennae almost glabrous; elytra not vit-
tate. XII. Horcias, p. 747.

//. Beak shorter, but slightly surpassing front coxae; second
joint of antennae thickly clothed with black, bristle-like
hairs ; elytra with black and yellow stripes.

XIII. Pgecilocapsus, p. 750.

I. Neurocolpus Reuter, 1876, 69.

Rather robust species of medium size having the head por-
rect, slightly exserted, as broad across eyes as long, its front
subvertical ; eyes large, prominent ; beak reaching hind coxse,
its basal joint reaching front ones ; pronotum subcampanulate,

692

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

about as wide at base as long, strongly narrowed toward apex,
its front portion with collar very distinct, side margins sinuate
at middle, without lateral carinse, hind lobe strongly convex,
its hind margin broadly rounded ; femora with apical halves
thickly pilose; hind tarsi with joints 1 and 2 subequal, 3 slight-
ly longer. One of the two known species occurs in our territory.

673 (920). Neurocolpus nubilus (Say), 1832, 22; I, 341.

Elongate-oval, thinly pubescent with short inclined yellow hairs.
Color exceedingly variable, usually some shade of brown, more or less
tinged with greenish-gray and clothed with fuscous, often with numerous

yellow dots or blotches; head, pro-

notum, scutellum, clavus, femora
and under surface usually in great
part clouded with fuscous; tibiae
yellow, all with three brown or fus-
cous rings; base of cuneus often
tinged with reddish, its apex and
the membrane usually tinged with
fuscous. Antennae with joint 1 and
basal half of 2 reddish-brown, re-
mainder fuscous; 1 stout, subcla-
vate, slightly shorter than prono-
tum, thickly setose; 2 about twice
as long as 1, much more slender at
base, its apical half distinctly
thickened ; 3 and 4 very slender,
subequal in length, united about
one-third shorter than 2. Length,
6_8 mm. (Fig. 166).

Common throughout Indi-
ana, June 3 — Oct. 13. Occurs
on foliage and flowers of
shrubs and herbs, especially in
and along the margins of dense moist woodlands. Taken in
numbers in June from the flowers of false indigo, Amorpha
fruticosa L.; staghorn sumac, Rhus hirta L. ; alternate-leaved dog-
wood, Cornus altemifoHa L. ; and button-bush, Cephalanthus occi-
dentalis L. Ranges from Quebec and New England west to
South Dakota and Colorado and south to Florida and New Mex-
ico. Not taken by me in Florida, but recorded by Van Duzee
from Sevenoaks, near Clearwater.

II. Paracalocoris Distant, 1883, 263.

Elongate- or oblong-oval, opaque, impunctate, pubescent

Fig. L66, X

(Original).

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 693

species having the head porrect, inserted in thorax to eyes, its
front declivent; eyes large, prominent, projecting outward be-
yond front angles of pronotum ; beak reaching middle coxae;
antennae with joint 1 swollen, terete, thickly clothed with stiff
black inclined hairs, 2 gradually slightly thickened from the
base, 3 and 4 much more slender than 2 ; pronotum subtrape-
zoidal, its width at base about three times that of apex, apical
constriction distinct, side margins straight, not carinate, disk
usually with black spots as in key, its basal half convex, strong-
ly declivent toward apex with hind margin broadly rounded ;
elytra slightly surpassing tip of abdomen ; legs moderately long,
hind femora usually swollen, more or less curved; left clasper
of male with a large rounded or pointed lobe on upper side at
base. About a dozen species are known from North America,
eight of which occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PARACALOCORIS.

a. Hind tibiae thickly clothed with long erect hairs which obscure or
become confused with the tibial spines; joint 1 of antenna? slightly
longer than pronotum; scutellum usually bright yellow or orange-
red. 674. SCRUPEUS.
««. Hind tibiae with hairs shorter and more appressed, especially on
inner side, the hairs not easily confused with the true spines.
b. Pronotum black with a median orange-red cross-bar, the latter with
a backward projecting spur; concavities behind ocelli present,
but without black spots; apical joint of antennae dull white.

675. INCISUS.
bb. Pronotum without median pale cross-bar as above; black spots be-
hind calli pi'esent; apical joint of antennae not whitish.
c. Joint 1 of antennae distinctly longer than pronotum.

d. Basal width of pronotum more than 2 mm. ; color everywhere

except discal spots of pronotum and membrane, pale or dark

reddish-brown. 676. adustus.

dd. Basal width of pronotum less than 2 mm. ; color chiefly fusco-

piceous, the costal margin frequently pale. 677. hawleyi.

cc. Joint 1 of antennae subequal to or shorter than length of pronotum.

e. Color dull yellow or reddish, usually more or less mottled with

fuscous; second antennal not exceeding 2.2 mm. in length.
/. Color above pale greenish-yellow mottled with numerous fus-
cous spots or blotches, these enclosing minute yellow dots;
apical third of scutellum a uniform yellow; legs and first an-
tennal variegated with brown and yellow; second antennal
with apical third black. 678. MULTISIGNATUS.

//. Color not as above; apical third of scutellum not wholly yellow.
g. Color straw-yellow to dark brownish-gray or dark brown
variegated with paler spots; second antennal with the ex-

694 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDjE.

treme base and apical third blackish, the remainder brownish-
yellow, but usually paler at each end next to black color;
apex of corium with a fuscous or piceous mark. 679. colon.
yy. Color dull tawney-red, often variegated with yellow; prono-
tum, scutellum and elytra indistinctly striped with yellow;
apex of corium without a dark spot. 680. heidemanni.

ee. Color fuscous-black, not mottled ; costal margin or more of corium
usually pale; second antennal at least 2.4 mm. in length, usually
longer; first antennal nearly equalling length of pronotum.

681. LIMBUS.

674 (979). Paracalocoris scrupeus (Say), 1832, 23; I, 342.

Color exceedingly variable, in the typical form black with pronotum
behind the calli and scutellum bright orange-yellow, the former with col-
lar, calli, and usually a small vague spot near each basal angle fuscous
or black; the round impressed spot behind each callus velvety-black; tarsi
and joints 3 and 4 of antennae fuscous-brown, thickly and finely pubescent
with yellowish hairs. Joint 2 of antennae two-thirds longer than 1, 3
subequal in length to 4. Elytra sparsely clothed with short yellow in-
clined hairs. Length, 6.3 — 6.8 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 20 — Aug. 1. Occurs espe-
cially on wild grape in and along the borders of thickets and
woodlands. Henderson, Ky., June 3 (Marshall). Ranges from
Quebec and New England west to Colorado and south to
Georgia. McAfee (1916, 369) and Knight (1923, 611) have
described and given keys to 18 color varieties. Of these the
two most widely distributed are :

674a ( — ). Paracalocoris scrupeus par McAtee, 1916, 373.

Fuscous-black; pronotum with median spot and a narrow stripe just
outside each discal black spot prolonged backward, dull yellow; costal
margin of elytra and median stripe on scutellum also dull yellow.

Starke and Posey counties, Ind., June 3 — July 1. Ranges
from New York west to Nebraska.

674b ( — ). Paracalocoris scrupeus bidens McAtee, 1916, 374.

Fuscous-black; pronotum (except calli, collar and velvety spots be-
hind calli), scutellum, embolium and outer half of corium, orange-red or
reddish-yellow; cuneus scarlet-red, its tip blackish; clavus and inner half
of corium fuscous-black. Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., May 6 — Aug. 14; frequent on foliage of
herbs and shrubs in dense woodland (W. S. /?.). Pine Island,
N. Y., and Ramsey, N. J., June (Davis). Ranges from New
England west to Illinois. All variations between this and
typical scrupeus occur and the student wishing to name color

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 695

forms is referred to the papers of McAtee and Knight above
cited.

675 (912). Paracalocoris incisus (Walker), 1873, 92.

Elongate-oval. Dark fuscous-brown to black; head with a vague pale
spot each side of base of vertex; eyes brown with a pale curved line be-
hind and beneath; pronotum fuscous or blackish with a wide median
orange-red cross-bar, this usually widened on sides to cover side margins
behind the collar and with median spur projected backward, this some-
times extending onto scutellum and dividing the black of basal half of
pronotum into two large spots (P. externus scissus Knight) ; scutellum
either wholly black (P. externus totus Knight) or orange-red with dark
side margins (P. verus Knight) ; elytra wholly black, the membrane fus-
cous; legs black or fuscous, the basal halves of femora sometimes orange-
red; tarsi fuscous-brown or paler; antenna? black with white apical seg-
ment, the basal joint sometimes with an orange base. Joint 1 of antennae
longer than pronotum, 2 twice as long as 1, 3 slightly longer and dis-
tinctly stouter than 4. Pronotum and elytra thinly clothed with very
fine grayish appressed hairs. Length to tip of membrane, 7.5 — 8 mm.

Ormond, Dunedin, Bassenger and Lake Wales, Fla., Dec. 19
— April 19. Numerous examples were taken from foliage of
oak and bay along the margins and paths of dense moist ham-
mocks. Easily known from our other species by the pale fourth
antennal, lack of discal black spots and peculiar markings of
pronotum and scutellum. The P. verus Knight Ms. and the
variety P. externus totus Knight Ms. I swept on Dec. 19 from a
branch of the same oak and they are mere color forms of the
same species. The var. scissus Knight Ms., taken at Ormond
April 15, differs only in having the median pale ray of prono-
tum prolonged backward to apex of scutellum, thus dividing the
black area of both the basal half of pronotum and scutellum
into two parts. According to China, who compared two of my
specimens with Walker's type from St. John's Bluff, Fla., the
typical incisus is the form with median pale ray of pronotum
extending almost to base, and scutellum orange-red with black
side margins, or the P. verus Knight Ms. China states that the
C. externus H.-S. of Walker (1873, 91), also from St. John's
Bluff, "is possibly another variety of incisus. It agrees very
well with the colored figure of H. Schaeffer's externus." The P.
novellus Blatch. (1926, 163) is a synonym of incisus. Whether
incisus in turn is the same as externus cannot be judged from
colored figures alone, but only by a comparison of the types. The
latter species is placed by Van Duzee as a variety of P. scrupeus
(Say). McAtee (1916, 366) states that in his opinion it is not

696 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.E.

a Paracalocoris, as no member of that genus has the "first
antennal joint as long as head and thorax together," as de-
scribed and figured by H.-Schaeffer.

676 (984%). Paracalocoris adustus McAtee, 1916, 377.

Color a nearly uniform reddish-brown, rather thickly clothed above
with short appressed yellow hairs ; inner margin and apical third of
clavus, second antennal, tibiae and tips of tarsi more or less fuscous-
brown; membrane dusky, its veins paler. Joint 1 of antennae one-tenth
longer than pronotum, 2 three-fifths longer than 1, 3 slightly longer than
4, the two united a little shorter than 2. Length, 8 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., June 13, type {Paris). Recorded elsewhere
only from Berrien Co., Mich., where Hussey took a few ex-
amples from willow in July.

677 (984%). Paracalocoris hawleyi Knight, 1916b, 377.

Elongate, subparallel, rather robust. Color variable; head, apical
third of pronotum and costal margins of elytra usually orange-red or
dull yellow, cuneus reddish, remainder of upper surface fuscous-black;
under surface except the region of genital plates, orange-red; legs and
antennae black, coxae paler. Joint 1 of antennae one-eighth longer than
pronotum, 2 two-thirds longer than 1, 3 less than one-half the length of
2, 4 three-fifths the length of 3. Discal spots of pronotum usually merged
with the dark color of basal portion. Length, 6.3 — 7.5 mm.

Marion and Martin counties, Ind., June 19 — July 13. The
known range extends from Massachusetts west to Indiana and
south to Maryland. Breeds on cultivated hop and apple in New
York. McAtee and Knight (loc. cit.) have described three color
varieties. The Indiana specimens at hand belong to Knight's
var. ancora in which the elytra are almost wholly fusco-piceous,
without a pale stripe along the corium.

678 (983). Paracalocoris multisignatus Reuter, 1909, 40.

Oblong-oval. Pale greenish-yellow, more or less blotched with fus-
cous; pronotum with front and hind margins and a stripe back of each
discal spot fuscous, flecked with small yellow dots, the space between the
dark stripes and also the sides of disk lemon-yellow; apical third of
scutellum, apex of clavus and middle of cuneus lemon-yellow; corium
with a large irregular spot near middle, a smaller one near apex and
numerous scattered dots of the same hue; membrane dusky, marbled with
paler; under surface and legs pale yellow, the apical third of femora,
two rings on tibiae, tips of tarsi and usually some vague markings on
sides of ventrals fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae fuscous mottled with yel-
low, subequal in length to pronotum, 2 twice as long as 1, its apical third
black, remainder reddish-brown, with yellow ring at base and another in
front of middle; 3 and 4 subequal, each about half the length of 2.
Length, 6 — 7 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 697

Swannanoa, N. Car., July (Brimley). Ranges from Maryland
southwest to Texas. Variable to some extent in color.

679 (980). Paracalocoris colon (Say), 1832, 25; I, 346.

Grayish-brown or brownish-yellow, rather thickly clothed with fine
silky yellow hairs and usually more or less variegated with pale fuscous
and small yellow spots, the fuscous often forming large blotches on basal
half of pronotum, scutellum and clavus and along the inner margin of
corium; membrane fuscous, paler at middle, its veins yellow; legs dull
yellow, the apical third or more of femora and two rings on tibiae brown-
ish or blackish; under surface brownish with paler linear markings each
side. Joint 1 of antenna? brownish, spotted with yellow, one-fifth shorter
than pronotum, 2 twice the length of 1, colored as in key; 3 and 4 fus-
cous, very slender, 3 two-fifths the length of 2, one-fourth longer than 4.
Length, 5.8 — 6.5 mm.

Described from and found throughout Indiana, but scarce,
June 3 — Aug. 30. Staten Island, N. Y. (Davis). Henderson,
Ky., May 25 (Marshall). Occurs on the foliage of Virginia
creeper, poison ivy and other shrubs in moist woodland.
Ranges from Ontario and New England west to Kansas and
Colorado. McAtee has described three color varieties, two of
which are fairly constant in hue.

679a ( — ) . Paracalocoris colon castus McAtee, 1916, 382.

Color a nearly uniform dull straw-yellow to pale reddish-brown with-
out paler spots; middle of scutellum and base of third antennal paler;
cuneus tinged with reddish. Length, 5.5 — 7 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 19—30 (IV.S.B.). Staten Island,
N. Y., Aug. 17 (Davis). Ranges from New York to Maryland.
Occurs on willow.

679b ( — ). Paracalocoris colon colonus McAtee, 1916, 383.

Differs from typical colon in having joint 2 of antennae pale or
brownish on basal half, but without a distinctly paler ring next to the
blackish base; pronotum orange-red to fuscous, frequently vittate with
pale yellow; elytra dark reddish-brown to fusco-piceous, both they and
pronotum more or less spotted with yellow. Length, 5.5 — 6.5 mm.

Marion, Knox and Floyd counties, Ind., June 8 — July 16.
Ranges from New England west to Minnesota and south to
New Jersey. A form of this in which the elytra are devoid of
yellow spots is var. amiculus McAtee.

680 (982). Paracalocoris heidemanni Reuter, 1909, 40.

General color pale orange-yellow to dark reddish-brown or mahogany-
red, thickly clothed with prostrate golden yellow hairs; head reddish-
yellow with diagonal lines each side, these usually darker; front margin

698 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

of pronotum and median and two vague lateral stripes on both pronotum
and scutellum, outer margin of apical half of clavus, commissure, costal
margin and diagonal stripe on apical half of corium, usually yellowish or
tinged with yellow; membrane dusky with paler markings, veins yellow-
ish; legs reddish-brown, femora dotted with yellow; under surface with
alternate yellow and darker stripes. Joint 1 of antennae as long as
pronotum, pale reddish-brown flecked with yellow, its tip blackish; 2 as
long as width of hind margin of pronotum, or about three-fourths longer
than 1, its apical half piceous; 3 and 4 united subequal in length to 2,
their apical two-thirds or more blackish. Beak reaching tips of hind
coxa?, its apex black. Length, 6 — 7 mm.

LeRoy, Ala., June 12 {Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded elsewhere
only from Maryland and the two Virginias, where it is said to
breed on the shrubby St. Johnswort, Hypericum prolificum L.
McAtee (1916, 386) has named the pale form var. abhttus,
though Reuter expressly states that the general color of the
typical form is "pallide flavo-testaceus, leviter nitidulus."

681 (984V2). Paracalocoris limbus McAtee, 1916, 380.

Fuscous-black, rather thickly clothed with prostrate black hairs;
head, except a median spot on vertex, collar and median area around dis-
cal spots of pronotum and marginal stripe of elytra widened behind and
extending back to tip of cuneus, orange-red ; membrane brownish-fuscous ;
legs fuscous, some vague spots on femora and tarsi pale; under surface
reddish-yellow, the ventrals more or less fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae
blackish, thickly clothed with inclined bristly hairs; 2 and 3 fuscous-
brown with shorter hairs, the former about two-thirds longer than 1; 4
paler, slightly longer and more slender than 3. Length, 7.5 — 8 mm.

Spring Hill, Ala., April 27 (Gerhard). Described from Clay-
ton, Ga., and recorded elsewhere only from Massachusetts.

III. Garganus Stal, 1862, 321.

Small, elongate, subparallel species having the head porrect,
wider across the eyes than long, its front subvertical ; eyes
prominent, distinctly projecting outward beyond apical angles
of pronotum ; beak passing hind coxa?, its basal joint longer
than head ; joint 1 of antenna? filiform, longer than pronotum,
2 much more robust, fusiform, densely clothed with stiff in-
clined black hairs, 3 very slender, one-half the length of 2, one-
third longer than 4 ; pronotum subtrapezoidal, one-half wider
at base than long, disk declivent with sides straight, strongly
converging from base to apex, collar very narrow, calli obso-
lete ; elytra with side margins parallel. Four species are known,
one from our territory.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 699

682 (971). Garganus fusiformis (Say), 1832, 24; I, 344.

Color above black or fuscous-black; base of third antennal, collar of
pronotum, a wide median stripe on scutellum, a narrower one along com-
missure and each costal margin, ivory-white; legs, basal joint of anten-
na? and base of abdomen reddish-yellow; membrane, tarsi and third and
fourth antennals in great part fuscous. Length, 4 — 5 mm.

Marion, Putnam, Knox and Orange counties, Ind., scarce,
May 30 — Oct. 10 ; not taken but doubtless occurs in the north-
ern counties (W.S.B.). Raleigh, N. Car., July 23 (Brimley).
Agricultural College, Miss. (Weed). Occurs on low herbage in
moist places. Ranges from Ontario and New England west to
Michigan and Kansas and south to Florida, where it has been
recorded only from Jacksonville and Crescent City. Of its
occurrence in southern Michigan Hussey says : 'This agile
Mirid was common in the grass in damp localities from June 20
to Sept. 1."

IV. Phytocoris Fallen, 1814, 10.

Elongate-oval or subparallel Mirids of medium size having
the head short, porrect, as broad as or broader across the eyes
than long, its front declivent; eyes prominent, longer than
wide; vertex usually without a median groove, not carinate at
base ; beak reaching beyond middle coxae, joints 1 and 2 of
equal length, 3 longer than 4, which is about one-half as long
as 2 ; antennae slender, almost filiform, as long as or longer than
body, its joints variable in length and thickness according to
species, the first sparsely clothed with stiff hairs; pronotum
short, subtrapezoidal, its subapical constriction distinct, collar
very short, calli more or less distinct, disk moderately declivent
from the base forward, its hind portion convex and hind mar-
gin subtruncate or broadly rounded, slightly emarginate at
middle ; mesoscutum narrowly exposed ; elytra surpassing abdo-
men, cuneus long, triangular, both it and membrane usually
deflexed ; hind tarsi with joints 2 and 3 subequal, 1 shorter.

The genus is a very large one, 37 North American species
having been recognized by Van Duzee in his Catalogue and 30
or more having since been described by Knight. Of these 57
occur in our territory.79 For convenience of study they are,

7!'The P. mops L'hler (1877, 413). recorded by Van Duzee from several eastern
states, was described from Colorado and, according to Knight (Ms.), the eastern
records are erroneous. L'hler later (1878, 402) redescribed it from Massachusetts and
New Hampshire, but his second description varies widely from the first, and Knight
states was based upon a specimen of Keurocolpus.

700 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRWJE.

following Knight (1923, 615), separated into four groups, as
follows :

KEY TO GROUPS OP EASTERN SPECIES OF PHYTOOORIS.
a. Membrane of elytra speckled or irrorate with small fuscous and pale
spots ; median lobe of male genital structure provided with a flagel-
lum (fig. 16) s" without or rarely (junceus) bearing distinct teeth.

Group I, p. 700.
an. Membrane either uniformly fuscous, nearly pale, or marbled with
pale, never distinctly speckled, but the margins of fuscous areas
sometimes with small pale dots; median lobe of male genital struc-
ture with a flagellum bearing distinct teeth (fig. 1).
b. Basal joint of antennas shorter than width of head.

Group II, p. 711.
bl>. Basal joint of antenna? distinctly longer than width of head.

c. General color fuscous or blackish on a paler background ; antenna?
more blackish or fuscous than pale, if joint 2 broadly pale at
middle then the dorsum chiefly fuscous to blackish.

Group III, p. 714.
cc. General color usually yellowish to reddish over a paler back-
ground ; antenna? more nearly pale-yellowish or reddish, than
blackish, joint 2 sometimes fuscous at apex and near base, but
more pale than fuscous. Group IV, p. 724.

Group I. — Phytocoris.

In this group the membrane of elytra is irrorate or flecked
with small fuscous pale dots; the basal joint of antennae is
variable in length, but always longer than the width of head
across the eyes. It corresponds to Group I of Knight in the
"Hemiptera of Connecticut," and comprises 17 of our eastern
species. They occur mainly in crevices in the bark of the
trunks of trees and are probably largely predaceous in habit.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP I, PHYTOCORIS.

«. Basal joint of antenna? greatly thickened, cylindrical, its thickness
nearly equal to dorsal width of an eye.
b. Joint 2 of antenna? yellowish, its apical fourth blackish; joint 1
slightly longer than head and pronotum united, thickly clothed
with long inclined black hairs; form elongate, subparallel; length
7.5 — 8.5 mm. 683. lasiomerus.

bb. Joint 2 of antenna? uniformly yellowish, scarcely dusky at apex.
c. Basal joint of antenna? with two distinct types of hairs, erect
black bristle-like ones with shorter more recumbent sparsely set
black ones between them; scutellum reddish each side of median
line, clothed with silky white pubescence.

684. PALLIDICORNIS.

S0The figures of male genitalia cited under certain species of Phytocoris refer to

those on Plate XI, p. 712.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 701

cc. Basal joint of antennas with the shortest hairs almost as long as
the erect bristle-like ones; scutellum uniform yellowish sparsely
clothed with simple erect pubescent hairs. 685. rubropictus.
at. Basal joint of antennae more slender, its thickness distinctly less than
dorsal width of eye.
d. Joint 2 of antennae uniformly yellowish, sometimes somewhat dusky
at apex and near base; upper surface chiefly reddish or fuscous on
a pale yellowish background. 686. ulmi.

dd. Joint 2 of antennae chiefly blackish or fuscous-brown, usually an-
nulated with pale.
e. Joint 2 of antenna? black at base with a pale ring somewhat re-
moved from base.
/. Length of first antennal equal to that of head and pronotum
united, also equal to width of pronotum at base; basal sub-
margin of disk of pronotum with two black calloused densely
pilose spots each side of middle; length, 5 — 6 mm.

687. ANTENNALIS.

//. Length of first antennal only equal to length of pronotum plus
one-third that of head, also shorter than width of pronotum at
base; length, 7 mm. 688. palmeri.

ee. Joint 2 of antennae with a pale ring at base, blackish beyond.
g. Third antennal with a pale ring at base and another at middle.
h. Upper surface with both black and yellowish scale-like hairs
turned on edge ; lower half of face more or less fuscous ;
propleura pale on lower half, but without a distinct white line
above middle of coxal cleft. 689. conspurcatus.

hh. Upper surface without scale-like hairs; lower half of face white:
propleura white, black along its dorsal margin and with a
clearly cut black line across lower half of coxal cleft.

690. DAVISI.
gg. Third antennal with a pale ring only at base, or none.

i. Joint 2 of antennae broadly pale yellowish to dusky at middle,

dark fuscous only at apex and next to pale ring at base; small

slender species, length, 5 — 5.3 mm. 691. minutulus.

ii. Joint 2 of antennae black or fuscous-brown, a pale band at base,

but (except in tuberculatus) only narrowly pale on middle.

j. Third antennal uniformly brownish-black.

k. Disk of pronotum with base and side margins black, the ex-
treme basal edge pale, central area yellowish-green, often
with a narrow median black streak, calli black; tibiae
brownish-black with vague pale spots ; length, 8.5 — 9 mm.

692. JUNCEUS.
kk. Disk of pronotum a nearly uniform reddish-brown, with only
irregular fuscous markings near base; calli unicolorous
with disk; tibiae dull yellow tinged with fuscous, their tips
alone blackish; upper surface with patches of long yellow-
ish-white pubescence; length, 7 — 7.8 mm.

693. FENESTRATUS.

jj. Third antennal pale at base.

702 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

/. Lower half of head blackish without clearly marked white
areas ; length, 6.6 mm. 694. corticevivens.

II. Lower half of head chiefly white, sometimes with a black bar
across middle of tylus, dorsal margin of juga and lorae dark
reddish-black, but the white areas never obscured.
m. Corium with a longitudinal black stripe, set on a grayish
background, along middle of apical half; joint 1 of anten-
nae equal in length to distance between tylus and basal
margin of pronotum. 695. VITTATUS.

mm. Corium without a longitudinal black stripe on a grayish
background.
n. Joint 2 of antenna? with pale band placed at slightly be-
yond middle; tylus with a distinct black band across
middle, its lower margin just in line with dorsal margins
of lorae. 696. dimidiatus.

nn. Joint 2 with pale band at middle; tylus without a heavy
black band across middle, but often with a vague dark
reddish spot at that point.
o. Pronotum strongly sulcate at sides and immediately behind
calli ; apical half of hind femora with three or four
large pale marks, these often in part confluent.

697. SULCATUS.
oo. Pronotum not distinctly sulcate at sides or behind calli ;
hind femora black with not more than one prominent
white band on apical half.
p. Hind femora brownish-black, apical half with small pale
dots only; pale band at middle of second antennal
subobsolete or wanting. 698. fumatus.

pp. Hind femora b^ck with a distinct white oblique band
just before apex; pale band at middle of second an-
tennal very distinct. 699. tuberculatus.

683 (922). Phytocoris lasiomerus Reuter, 1909, 34.

Pale reddish-brown, rather thickly clothed with silky yellowish ap-
pressed hairs; pronotum with sides often clouded with fuscous, some-
times with a reddish tinge; elavus and corium vaguely clouded with fus-
cous, embolium usually paler; cuneus straw-yellow, its apex fuscous;
membrane dusky, sprinkled with small vague yellowish spots, the veins
reddish; legs dull yellow, the apical half or more of femora thickly
flecked with reddish-brown ; under surface reddish to fuscous-brown.
Joint 1 of antennae reddish-brown dotted with yellow, nearly two-thirds
longer than pronotum; 2 as in key, about twice as long as 1 ; 3 paler at
base, its apical half and all of 4 dusky, 3 two-thirds as long as 2, one-
third longer than 4. Length, 7.5 — 8.5 mm. (Fig. 167, a).

Denver, Colo., July 16 (Gerhard). A species of northern dis-
tribution, ranging from Quebec and New England west to
North Dakota, Colorado and Victoria, B. C. Not taken, but
doubtless occurs in northern Indiana. It was found near Cran-
berry Lake, N. Y., in July and August on willows and weeds.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E.

703

Pig. 167, a, Phytocoris lasiomerus Reut., X 6 ; b, Macrotylus sexguttatus (Prov.), X 12.
(After Drake, Tech. Pub. No. 16, N. Y. St. Coil. For.).

684 (923). Phytocoris pallidicornis Reuter, 1876, 69.

Pale brownish-yellow; elytra thickly flecked with reddish-brown spots
and clothed with pale silky appressed hairs ; extreme apex of cuneus
brown ; membrane pale fuscous flecked with whitish spots, the veins red-
dish; femora thickly sprinkled with reddish dots, apical third of hind
ones with a yellowish band; tips of front and middle tibiae and base of
hind ones reddish-brown. Joint 1 of antennae but slightly longer than
pronotum, dull yellow, thickly flecked with reddish spots, pubescent as
in key; 2 uniformly reddish-yellow, finely pubescent, much more slender
and twice as long as 1 ; 3 dull yellow, fuscous at tip, about two-thirds the
length of 2; 4 fuscous-brown, three-fourths the length of 3. Length,
6.4 — 6.8 mm.

Oak Bluffs, Mass., Aug. 3 (Olsen). Described from Wiscon-
sin. Ranges from New England west to Colorado. Readily
distinguished from lasiomerus by the much shorter basal anten-
nal and wholly yellow second one.

685 ( — ). Phytocoris rubropictus Knight, 1923, 619.

Elongate, slender, male; more oval, female. Dull reddish; elytra
sparsely clothed with yellowish pubescence; pronotum with calli and
quadrangular area on center of disk, yellowish, the disk beset with
rather short blackish hairs, its margins with longer ones; clavus and

704 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID;£.

corium dull red, the claval vein and scattered spots on corium yellowish;
membrane pale, flecked with small fuscous spots, these merging toward
apex, veins reddish; legs dull yellow, femora with small vague reddish
spots. Under surface reddish to yellowish, genital region tinged with
fuscous. Joint 1 of antenna? dull yellow flecked with reddish, as long as
pronotum; 2 much more slender, straw-yellow, brownish toward apex,
one and three-fourth times the length of 1 ; 3 yellowish, dusky at tip,
two-thirds as long as 2; 4 pale fuscous, three-fourths the length of 3.
Length, 7.4 — 8 mm.

Known only from Maine and New York.

686 ( — ). Phytocoris ulmi (Linnaeus), 1758, 449.

Elongate, subparallel, male; elytra more oval, female. Brownish-
red or reddish-yellow, rather thickly clothed with short yellow appressed
hairs intermixed with suberect black ones; pronotum reddish-brown, basal
edge yellowish-white, usually preceded by a transverse blackish spot; col-
lar and side margins beset with black bristles; scutellum yellowish, its
apical half with a brown spot each side; clavus reddish-brown, its outer
margin often paler, tip blackish; corium brownish-yellow, flecked with
reddish-brown, its apical fourth with a pale triangular spot; cuneus red-
dish or fuscous, its basal third paler; membrane smooth, hyaline, thickly
flecked with small fuscous spots, veins reddish; front and middle femora
pale brown with numerous scattered yellowish spots, hind ones dark
brown flecked with whitish dots, the apical half with a pale half ring.
Joint 1 of antenna? brownish with pale spots, one-fifth longer than
pronotum; 2 and 3 yellowish-brown, 2 more than twice as long as 1, 3
two-thirds the length of 2; 4 fuscous, two-thirds as long as 3. Length,
6 — 7.5 mm.

Snowdonia and Sussex Co., England, July — Aug. (British Mus.
Coll.). A European species recorded in this country only from
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. Occurs in Europe on elm, oak,
brambles, etc.

687 (928). Phytocoris antennalis Reuter, 1909, 32.

Fuscous to dull yellow; head brownish, base and apex of tylus white;
pronotum brownish, basal third darker with hind margin narrowly white
and calloused spots as in key; scutellum dull yellow to fuscous with a
vague narrow pale median line; corium dull yellow with inner half and
a median spot along outer margin fuscous; cuneus blackish along outer
margin and apex, the inner basal angle and middle of inner margin each
with a tuft of black hairs; membrane fuscous, mottled with numerous
paler spots between the cells and opposite apex of cuneus; femora black,
paler toward base, hind pair with lower face spotted with paler and
upper one with a subapical pale band; front and middle tibiae reddish to
black, the former with three, the latter with four pale rings; hind tibia?
pale tinged with blackish, tarsi fuscous; under surface blackish, the
sides unevenly tinged with reddish. Antenna? longer than body, joint 1
brownish-black flecked with paler spots on inner face; 2 twice the length

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 705

of 1, with a narrow pale ring in front of base and a broader one beyond
middle; 3 brownish, paler at base, about two-thirds as long as 2; 4 fus-
cous, slightly shorter than 3. Genital segment of male with a broad erect
tubercle above base of left clasper. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Described from Washington, D. C. Recorded elsewhere only
from Massachusetts, New York and New Jersey.

688 (941). Phytocoris palmeri Reuter, 1909, 32.

Sordid white, variegated with fuscous and black; pronotum with
sides, narrow antebasal band and three stripes on disk blackish ; scutellum
shining black, basal angles and apical median line pale; elytra with
clavus, inner half of corium and apex of cuneus blackish, margins of
scutellum and commissure dirty white; membrane densely flecked with
minute fuscous and whitish spots, the veins pale; under surface in great
part blackish; femora blackish with pale lines on basal half, hind ones
paler at base and with whitish spots on apical half; tibiae and tarsi
blackish, the apical half of tibiae with three pale rings. Joint 1 of an-
tennae slender, linear, black, flecked with whitish; 2 with base black, a
narrow white band behind middle. Length, 7 mm.

Known only from Quinze Lake, Quebec. Type in Van Duzee
collection.

689 ( — ). Phytocoris conspurcatus Knight, 1920, 61.

Elongate, slender. Dull grayish-yellow mottled with fuscous and
blackish spots and dots, and thickly clothed with black deciduous scale-
like hairs, intermixed with small patches of yellowish floccose ones;
corium with a triangular pale spot adjoining base of cuneus; membrane
thickly flecked with dark fuscous spots ; femora blackish with numerous
white spots, the hind ones with two interrupted pale rings on apical half;
tibiae annulated with fuscous and pale; ventrals dark fuscous to blackish,
the basal ones somewhat paler. Joint 1 of antennae black, flecked with
white, beset with numerous pale setae, about four-fifths as long as prono-
tum; 2 black with a pale ring at base and another at middle, slightly
more than twice as long as 1 ; 3 pale at base and again at middle, three-
fifths the length of 2; 4 black, three-fourths the length of 3. Male with
a long tubercle above base of left clasper, as shown in fig. 16. Length,
5.8 — 6 mm.

St. Anthony Park, Minn., Aug. 5 (Minn. Unit'. Coll.). Ranges
from Ontario and New England west to Michigan and South
Dakota. Occurs from June to September on the bark of maple,
linden and pear.

690 ( — ). Phytocoris davisi Knight, 1923, 624.

Head dull white with a band across front and a line behind each eye,
blackish; pronotum with side margins broadly black, calli, center of disk
and collar in great part, pale brownish-yellow, hind margin narrowly

706 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

pale, preceded by a transverse row of black spots; scutellum yellowish
tinged with fuscous and with a vague paler median line; clavus fuscous,
its margin paler; corium dull yellow, its inner apical angle blackish, outer
one paler; embolium blackish alternated with white spots; cuneus pale,
apex and spot on middle of inner margin black; upper surface clothed
with pale silky pubescence, intermixed with short black hairs ; legs dull
yellow, apical halves of femora with large black spots, front and middle
tibiae each with three black rings; hind tibia? mottled with fuscous; ven-
trals yellowish-white, with pale pubescence. Joint 1 of antennae black
with a few pale spots, one and three-fourths times the length of prono-
tum; 2 black with a broad pale band at base and another at middle,
nearly twice as long as 1 ; 3 blackish, paler at base and in front of
middle, three-fifths as long as 2; 4 fuscous, two-thirds the length of 3.
Length, 6.3 mm.

Known only from Long Island, N. Y., and Lakehurst, N. J.

691 (927). Phytocoris minutulus Reuter, 1909, 24.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Brownish-yellow to fuscous, clothed
with yellowish silken pubescence intermixed with short black hairs ; basal
edge of pronotum whitish preceded by dark fuscous ; scutellum with a
small fuscous dot each side near apex; elytra chiefly pale fuscous, flecked
with minute spots of pale pubescence; clavus often paler on sides, corium
with outer margin and anal ridge pale; embolium with small pale spots;
cuneus with apex, spots on base and near middle of inner margin black-
ish; membrane flecked with fuscous and with two paler spots on outer
margin, veins brownish; femora brownish-black, their base, numerous
spots and subapical band paler; tibia? fuscous, each with two or more pale
rings; tarsi pale, their tips and basal segment dusky. Joint 1 of anten-
nae two-thirds longer than pronotum, reddish-brown flecked with paler,
and beset with several pale setae ; 2 brownish-yellow, darker at tip and
in front of basal pale ring, nearly twice as !ong as 1; 3 and 4 very
slender, 3 pale at base, darker apically, two-thirds the length of 2; 4
pale fuscous, but little shorter than 3. Length, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Chautauqua, N. Y., Sept. 14 (fan Duzee). Known only from
Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York and Maryland.

692 (— ). Phytocoris junceus Knight, 1923, 621.

Head shining black beset with prominent brownish-black hairs,
median line pale, vertex alutaceous each side; color of pronotum as in
key; scutellum black, basal angles whitish; clavus dull yellow, its margins
and claval vein black; corium black, a spot on middle and some streaks
on inner apical half yellowish; embolium a uniform fuscous; cuneus black,
paler on base; membrane dark fuscous, its middle paler with numerous
more or less coalescent fuscous spots; ventrals brownish-black; femora
blackish with pale spots, hind pair with an irregular pale subapical yel-
lowish bar. Antennae fuscous to black, joint 1 flecked with pale spots,
finely pubescent and with several black setae, but slightly longer than
pronotum; 2 slender, cylindrical, two and three-fifth times as long as 1;
3 two-thirds the length of 2, twice as long as 4. Length, 8.5 — 9.2 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSUSLE. 707

Recorded only from Mt. Washington, N. Hamp., and Nor-
degg, Alberta.

693 (932). Phytocoris fenestrates Reuter, 1909, 24.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Pale reddish-brown flecked with dull
yellow; above thickly clothed with long yellowish prostrate hairs, inter-
mixed with suberect blackish ones; scutellum with a large shining yel-
lowish spot each side; corium with an elongate yellow spot near base, a
larger one at middle and a smaller oval one near outer apical angle;
embolium with numerous small yellow spots; cuneus yellowish at base;
membrane with cells and apex fuscous, middle paler with numerous fus-
cous spots, veins reddish; prosternum, coxae and middle of ventrals, yel-
low, remainder of under surface reddish-brown ; femora yellow with
numerous dull red dots. Joint 1 of antennae as long as pronotum, dull
yellow, rather thickly beset with short blackish hairs ; 2 fuscous-brown,
its extreme base paler, two and one-third times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4
fuscous brown, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, twice the length of 4. Length,
7 — 7.8 mm.

Clayton, Ga., May 18, beaten from pine (Cornell Univ. Coll.).
Recorded elsewhere only from Connecticut, Washington, D. C,
and North Carolina. The long slender form with antennals
2 — 4 fuscous-brown and without pale rings, except at base of 2,
three yellow spots on corium and tibiae devoid of pale rings, dis-
tinguish this species from its allies.

694 ( — ). Phytocoris corticevivens Knight, 1920, 63.

Elongate-oval. Head grayish-yellow with reticulate marks on vertex
and several cross-bars each side of front, fuscous ; pronotum in great
part fuscous-brown, more distinctly so along basal margin, calli and
middle of disk often paler; scutellum and elytra dull grayish-yellow with
numerous vague irregular fuscous marks; embolium with numerous
rather distinct cross-bars and tip of cuneus fuscous; membrane dull yel-
low, thickly flecked with fuscous dots, except on margins beyond tip of
cuneus; femora fuscous-brown, narrowly pale at base, often with scat-
tered pale dots ; hind ones with a distinct oblique pale preapical ring ;
under surface fuscous-brown ; lower half of head blackish, a pale spot
at base of lorae. Antennae fuscous-brown, with pale rings as in key,
joint 1 three-fourths as long as head and pronotum united; 2 two and a
half times as long as 1, 3 one-half as long as 2, 4 two-thirds the length
of 3. Upper surface rather thickly clothed with short, prostrate yellow-
ish hairs. Male genitalia as in fig. 6. Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

Ramsey Co., Minn., June 2 (Minn, link: Coll.). Ranges from
Quebec and New England west to Minnesota and southwest to
Maryland ; occurring in June and July in the crevices of the
bark of sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marsh.

708 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

695 (937). Phytocoris vittatus Reuter, 1909, 28.

Head dull yellow or pale fuscous with front obliquely marked with
brown lines, both it and entire upper surface except membrane clothed
with white sericeous scale-like pubescence; pronotum dull yellow to gray-
ish, its sides fuscous with a sinuate black line next the pale outer edge,
the pubescence of disk forming three pale stripes; scutellum fuscous
with basal angles and side margins paler; clavus fuscous, paler along
commissui-e; corium as in key; embolium pale yellow, its apex blackish;
cuneus fuscous, its apex and inner margin blackish; membrane brownish-
fuscous, its middle flecked with pale spots; middle and hind femora
blackish, paler at base, the hind ones flecked with white dots ; front tibiae
blackish with two pale rings. Joint 1 of antennae reddish-fuscous marked
with white spots, its length as in key; 2 fuscous with pale spots near
base and a pale ring at middle, one and two-fifths times as long as 1 ;
3 fuscous with pale ring at base, as long as 1. Beak reaching fifth
ventral.

Known only from Lake Placid, N. Y.

696 ( — ). Phytocoris dimidiatus Kirschbaum, 1855, 199, 282.

Grayish-yellow clothed with short yellowish and blackish pubescence;
head brownish-yellow, its front with oblique brownish lines each side and
cheeks with a black spot at base; pronotum dull greenish-yellow, hind
margin pale; median line behind calli and narrow side and subbasal
margins blackish; scutellum brown, basal angles and subapical spot each
side darker, median line and tip pale ; elytra blackish, the base and
middle of corium and inner margins of clavus paler, embolium pale, with
black spots ; cuneus yellowish with apex and spots on inner margin black-
ish; membrane pale, irregularly and thickly flecked with fuscous, the base
of large cell black; hind femora black with numerous spots and subapical
band pale; tibiae black with pale rings. Joint 1 of antennae about one-
third longer than pronotum, brownish black with numerous pale glabrous
spots; 2 nearly twice as long as 1, blackish with pale ring at base and
another slightly beyond middle; 3 black, pale at base, three-fifths the
length of 2; 4 black, two-thirds as long as 3. Length, 6.4 — 7 mm.

A European species known in this country only from Nova
Scotia.

697 ( — ). Phytocoris sulcatus Knight, 1920, 64.

Elongate-oval. Dull brownish-yellow, more or less tinged with fus-
cous; pubescent as in fumatiis; outer half of clavus, inner half or less
of corium and inner half of cuneus fuscous or blackish; femora pale at
base, their apical halves flecked with large pale spots. Joint 1 of an-
tennae blackish with pale dots, as long as pronotum; 2 with distinct pale
annulations at base and middle, twice as long as 1 ; 3 brownish-yellow,
with a narrow pale ring: at base, two-thirds as long as 2; 4 yellowish,
two-fifths the length of 3. Male genitalia as in fig. 15; a large thick
tubercle above base of left clasper. Length, 6 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E.

709

St. Anthony Park, Minn., Aug. 5 {Minn. Univ. Coll.). Ranges
from New England west to Minnesota. Occurs on the bark of
linden and bur oak.

698 (938). Phytocoris fumatus Reuter, 1909, 25.

Grayish-fuscous clothed with short subappressed blackish hairs and
with scattered spots of longer whitish ones; vertex with a large aluta-
ceous spot each side, front with oblique lines each side and a bar between
bases of antennae, reddish or blackish; pronotum fuscous-brown, calli
paler, narrow basal margin pale, preceded by a transverse row of four
or six small blackish pilose spots; scutellum fuscous-brown with apex
pale, basal angles, and a subapical spot each side, blackish; elytra fus-
cous to blackish, corium with a rhomboid translucent yellowish spot near
inner apical angle, this preceded by an oblique black bar; membrane pale,
thickly and rather evenly flecked with brownish-fuscous spots, the apex
and a spot near tip of cuneus pale; under surface blackish, paler at
middle, coxa? yellow; femora pale at base, their apical halves blackish
with pale spots, front and middle tibiae dull yellow, annulate near knees

with black, hind ones black, the middle
third pale, tarsi fuscous. Antennae black-
ish-brown joint 1 as long as pronotum
and half of head, its upper face with
pale spots; 2 almost twice the length of
1, its extreme base and often a spot near
middle pale; 3 pale at base, about three-
fifths as long as 2; 4 nearly one-third
shorter than 3. Male genitalia as in
fig. 8. Length, 7 — 7.6 mm.

Sherborn, Mass., Sept. 6 (Frost).
Ranges from Massachusetts and
New York southwest to Washing-
ton, D. C. Knight (1920, 64)
states that the type of Phytocoris
subnitidulus Reut. (1909, 26) in the
U. S. National Museum is identical
with that of P. fumatus Reut., the
latter name having page priority.

699 ( — ). Phytocoris tuberculatus
Knight, 1920, 64.

Fig. 168
Knight., X

Phytocoris tuberculatus Brownish-yellow, more or less

(Original). thickly mottled with fuscous; disk of

pronotum with some vague spots and a distinct zig-zag transverse line
just in front of hind margin, fuscous, edge of hind margin white; clavus,
inner half of corium, and apical half of cuneus clouded with fuscous;

710

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

membrane dusky with numerous minute white dots; basal joint of anten-
nae and apical three-fourths of femora fuscous, thickly flecked with small
yellow spots; tibiae and second antennal annulate with pale yellow and
fuscous; lower part of face, middle of prosternum and basal third of
femora ivory-white. Joint 1 of antennae equal in length to distance be-

rr brevifurcah

\ y frconspcrjtpej.feu;

Pohtectus M£ VC

n mundus ffcut •<■'

\ b aa )S

27 ^ *■

Plate XI. .Mai.k Genitalia of Species of Phytocoris.
side view; aa, left elasper, dorsal view;
d, left elasper, caudal view.
(After Knight, Hemiptera of Connecticut).

a, Left elasper, side view; aa, left elasper, dorsal view; b, right elasper, side
new; c, flagellum; d, left elasper, caudal view.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^. 711

tween base of pronotum and a line drawn through middle of eyes, 2 twice
the length of 1, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, one-third longer than 4.
Disk of pronotum finely and sparsely granulate. Male genitalia as in
fig. 7. Length, 6.5—7.5 mm. (Fig. 168).

Marion Co., Ind., June 14 — Aug. 19, swept from herbage in
dense woodland. Recorded from New York, Michigan and
North Carolina.

Group II. — Phytocoris.

In this group the membrane is wholly pale or dusky trans-
lucent without distinct spots or dots, and the basal joint of
antennae is shorter than the width of head across the eyes. It
corresponds to the Group III of Knight in the "Hemiptera of
Connecticut," and comprises eight of our eastern species. They
average smaller than those of Group I and for the most part
breed on pine.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP II, PHYTOCORIS.

a. Elytra a nearly uniform pale reddish or' reddish-yellow; embolium
and cuneus yellowish-translucent; length, 4.2 — 4.7 mm.

700. MUNDUS.
aa. Elytra not uniformly reddish-yellow.

b. Elytra pale yellow to fulvous; clavus not darker than corium.
c. Femora with pale spots very small or subobsolete; color pale yel-
lowish, the outer half of clavus and inner half of corium red-
dish-yellow; cuneus yellowish-translucent, reddish-yellow toward
apex; length, 5.5 — 6 mm. 701. fulvus.

cc. Femora with distinct pale spots, but if not, then inner half of
cuneus distinctly rosaceous.
d. Scutellum almost wholly yellowish to reddish, never distinctly
paler on median line or apex.
e. Upper surface in gx-eat part rosaceous, outer half of corium pale
translucent; smaller, length not more than 4.5 mm.

702. RUFUS.

ee. Upper surface in great part a pale yellowish-brown, the base

of cuneus sometimes tinged with reddish; larger, length, 5.2

or more mm.

/. Second antennal distinctly darker near apex; width of vertex

in male greater than longer diameter of eye.

703. UNIFORMIS.

//. Second antennal a uniform pale brown ; width of vertex in male

distinctly less than longer diameter of eye. 704. megalopsis.

dd. Scutellum reddish-yellow each side of middle, its median line and

apex distinctly paler; clavus and inner half of corium reddish

or reddish-brown; cuneus with inner half rosaceous.

705. DIVERSUS.

712 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

66. Elytra more nearly brown or fuscous than yellowish, irregularly
tinged with reddish; clavus darker than outer portion of corium.
g. Hind femora fusco-reddish, flecked with distinct small whitish
spots, these never forming a distinct subapical band.

706. CONSPERSIPES.
gg. Hind femora fuscous with small yellowish spots, the dorsal surface
with a rather broad subapical band or transverse pale spot.

707. PINICOLA.

700 (958). Phytocoris mundus Reuter, 1909, 18.

Elongate-oblong, subparallel. Color a nearly uniform pale dull
yellow, more or less tinged with reddish, rather thickly clothed with fine
silken yellowish appressed pubescence; embolium and disk of cuneus pale
yellow, the margins of cuneus reddish; membrane pale dusky translucent,
its veins yellowish; tarsal claws, tip of beak, apical two-thirds of second
antennal and all of third and fourth antennals fuscous. Joint 1 of
antenna about as long as pronotum behind the collar, 2 nearly three
times as long as 1, 3 about two-fifths shorter than 2, one-fifth longer than
4. Male genitalia as in fig. 22. Length, 4.2 — 4.7 mm.

District of Columbia, June 25 — July 6 (Gerhard). Recorded
only from there, New Jersey and Maryland. Breeds on the
Jersey or scrub pine, Pinus virginiana Mill.

701 ( — ). Phytocoris fulvus Knight, 1920, 59.

Larger, more elongate and somewhat paler than mundus. Color as
in key; apex of second antennal fuscous, third and fourth wholly black-
ish; membrane a uniform pale translucent with a faint dusky tinge.
Male genitalia as in fig. 23. Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Wanakena, N. Y., Aug. 1 — 7 (Gerhard). Pineland, Long
Island, N. Y., Aug. 11 (Davis). Recorded only from Maine and
New York. Occurs on the white pine, Finns strobus L.

702 (957). Phytocoris rufus Van Duzee, 1912a, 477.

Elongate-oval. General color rosaceous on a pale yellow background,
sparsely clothed with suberect brownish hairs; vertex and front yellow
with red markings; pronotum with disk dull yellow, basal submargin
with a transverse dusky line, the hind edge paler; scutellum with a few
small vague yellowish spots; embolium and basal half of cuneus yellow-
ish translucent, the costal edge with red markings ; membrane a uni-
form pale dusky hyaline; legs and first antennal in great part dark red-
dish, mottled with yellow, remainder of antennas fuscous-brown, the ex-
treme base of segments 2 and 3 pale; basal third of femora and coxa? yel-
low; ventrals pale brown tinged with reddish. Joint 1 of antenna? about
as long as width of vertex and one eye; 2 three times longer than 1, 3
two-fifths as long as 2; 4 slightly shorter. Length, 4.3 — 4.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 17; beaten from foliage of bay. The
types were from Sevenoaks, near Clearwater, Fla., and were

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 713

"swept from coarse grasses in a swampy opening in the pine
forest." Not recorded elsewhere.

703 ( — ). Phytocoris uniformis Knight, 1923, 643.

Elongate-oblong. Uniform pale brownish-yellow, rather thickly
clothed with golden-yellow recumbent pubescence, intermixed with sub-
erect pale brown hairs, eyes pale brown ; femora and first antennal pale
yellow, rather thickly flecked with reddish-brown spots and dots; second
antennal greenish-yellow, fuscous toward apex; membrane uniformly
pale dusky translucent; hind femora with a large yellow spot or ring on
apical fourth. Basal joint of antennae four-fifths as long as width of
head, 2 two and two-fifths longer than 1, apical segments missing.
Length, 5.2 — 5.5 mm.

Long Island, N. Y., Sept. 8 (Davis). Rocky Mountain, N.
Car., Aug. 25 (Brimley) . Recorded only from Massachusetts
and New York.

704 ( — ). Phytocoris megalopsis sp. nov.

Elongate, subparallel. Color above a nearly uniform fuscous-brown,
thickly clothed with fine whitish appressed silky hairs and suberect dusky
ones; vertex and lower half of face dull yellow; lorae tinged with red-
dish; eyes deep black, very large in male; collar and hind edge of pro-
notum whitish; costal margins of elytra and cuneus with alternate
minute fuscous and white spots; inner margin of cuneus with two sub-
median black dots; membrane pale translucent with an iridescent sheen;
femora and joint 1 of antenna? dull yellow, thickly flecked with reddish-
brown spots and dots, third and fourth antennals fuscous, the former
with extreme base pale; tip of beak, tarsal claws and tibial spines fus-
cous-brown ; under surface pale reddish-brown, middle of prosternum
and front coxae ivory-white. Joint 1 of antenna? as long as width of
vertex and one eye, 2 three and a half times as long as 1, 3 two-fifths
the length of 2, one-third longer than 4. Sides of elytra straight and
parallel to base of cuneus, thence feebly converging into the conjointly
broadly rounded tips. Length to end of membrane, 5.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 20, one male taken at electric light. Due
to the very large eyes the width of interocular area is but
slightly more than one-half that of uniformis. The large coal-
black eyes, uniform hue of second antennal and alternate macu-
lation of costal margin easily separate this from the other
members of Group II.

705 ( — ). Phytocoris diversus Knight, 1920, 60.

Elongate, subparallel, more slender than conspersipes. Head, pro-
notum and under surface greenish-yellow, the sides of tylus, margins of
cheeks, oblique striae on front, sternum and sides of ventrals usually
tinged with reddish-brown; femora and tibiae reddish-brown, mottled
with paler. Joint 1 of antennae greenish-yellow tinged with brownish,
mottled with paler on inner side, one-fourth shorter than width of head ;

714 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

2 fuscous, paler at base, nearly three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 black-
ish, 3 one-half the length of 2, one-fourth longer than 4. Male genitalia
as in fig. 20. Length, 5 mm.

Carlton Co., Minn., Aug. 18 (Minn. iTnk'. Coll.). Occurs on
white pine, its known range extending from Maine to Minne-
sota.

706 (954). Phytocoris conspersipes Reuter, 1909, 22.

Elongate-oblong, subparallel. Head and pronotum dull yellow, the
former thickly flecked with small reddish spots, the latter with a reddish
tinge and beset with numerous suberect black hairs ; scutellum and elytra
rather dark reddish-brown, the former with yellowish tip, the latter with
widely scattered small vague yellowish spots, both rather thickly clothed
with fine appressed yellowish pubescence; membrane of a uniform dusky
hue throughout; femora and basal antennal dark reddish flecked with
numerous small yellow dots, remainder of antennae fuscous-brown; joints
2 and 3 narrowly pale at base; tarsi more or less fuscous; basal joint
of beak with a red line each side. Joint 1 of antenna? three-fourths the
length of pronotum, 2 nearly three times the length of 1, 3 one-half the
length of 2, but slightly longer than 4. Male genitalia as in fig. 19.
Length, 4.7 — 5 mm.

Reading, Pa., and Rock Creek, D. C, June 22 — Aug. 14 {Ger-
hard). Swannanoa, N. Car. (Brimley). Heretofore recorded
only from New Jersey, Maryland and District of Columbia.
Breeds on the scrub pine, Pinus virginiana Mill.

707 ( — ). Phytocoris pinicola Knight, 1920, 59.

Elongate-oval. Head and pronotum greenish-yellow tinged with red-
dish-brown; scutellum, clavus and corium pale reddish-fuscous; em-
bolium and cuneus dull greenish-yellow with a reddish tinge; femora and
tibiae fuscous-brown, thickly flecked with minute yellowish dots. Joint
1 of antenna? brownish, annulate or marked above with paler glabrous
spots, its length less than three-fifths the width of head; 2 fuscous-brown,
"paler beneath, nearly three and two-third times as long as 1; 3 blackish,
narrowly pale at base, about as long as width of head ; 4 blackish, slight-
ly more than half the length of 3. Male genitalia as in fig. 17. Length,
5.2 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., July 11 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded only from
Massachusetts and New York. Breeds on the gray and red
pines, Pinus silvestris L. and P. resinosa Ait.

Group III. — Phytocoris.

This group includes species of small or medium size having
the membrane unflecked though sometimes with pale areas
near middle, and the antennae in great part blackish or fuscous

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 715

with basal joint longer than greatest width of head. It corre-
sponds to Group II of Knight in the "Hemiptera of Connecti-
cut," and comprises 20 of our eastern species.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP III, PHYTOCORIS.

a. Vertex with a shallow but distinct median longitudinal impression;
joint 1 of antennae stout, twice as thick throughout as 2; form
very slender.

b. Corium with a conspicuous round white spot near apex.

708. BIPUNCTATUS.

bb. Corium without a white spot near apex. 709. annulicornis.

act. Vertex without a median longitudinal impression; joint 1 of an-
tennae never twice as thick as joint 2; form more robust.

c. Corium with a distinct black or dark fuscous mark extending ob-

liquely from radius to the inner apical angle of corium, this dark
mark never broken by paler spots.
d. Disk of pronotum uniformly deep black with only the narrow basal
margin pale ; scutellum yellowish with an oblique black mark
near middle each side of median line; length, 5.1 mm.

710. NIGRICOLLIS.
dd. Disk of pronotum pale grayish to blackish, always paler on middle
and never deep black,
e. Scutellum with distinct blackish mark each side of apical half
which extends from the side margin forward to near middle of
scutellar disk.
/. Pale color on lower margin of propleura extending upon sides
of sternum.
g. Tylus in great part blackish ; femora black except at base,
their pale spots small, the largest on hind femora not wider
than the narrow pale band at apical fourth; length 5.1 mm.

711. HUSSEYI.

gg. Tylus wholly pale; hind femora in great part pale, the apical

fourth and some scattered spots fuscous-brown enclosing

pale dots; length, 6 mm. 712. albitylus.

ff. Pale color on lower margins of propleura not extending upon

sides of sternum.

h. Hind femora with large irregular pale spots on front face,

the spots connected by a longitudinal pale bar which does

not reaching subapical pale band; length, 7 — 7.4 mm.

713. onustus.
hh. Hind femora with small spots and without a distinct longi-
tudinal bar on front face.
('. Membrane with the infuscation on its central area tending to
separate into small specks; front of head transversely stri-
ate with black lines each side of median line; length,
6.2 mm. 714. neglectus.

ii. Membrane more uniformly dusky, its central area without
specks; front of head not distinctly striate with black,
though reddish or fuscous lines sometimes evident; length,
6 — 6.8 mm. 715. spicatus.

716 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

ee. Scutellum with black spot on margin each side of apical half, but
this scarcely longer than broad, not reaching more than half
way to middle of disk; length, 5.4 — 5.9 mm.
j. Hind femora with a distinct white band near apical fourth and
usually with large pale spots near middle.
A-. Second antennal pale or yellowish above, darker near apex and
next to pale ring at base; scutellum and clavus clothed with
suberect yellowish or fuscous hairs intermingled with short
sericeous white pubescence; center of membrane somewhat
fuscous. 716. EXIMIUS.

kk. Second antennal dark brown or black except at base; pronotum,
scutellum and clavus clothed with black hairs, intermixed
with conspicuous white sericeous pubescence. 717. buenoi.
jj. Hind femora without a distinct white band near apical fourth,
the pale spots near middle small.
/. Corium with conspicuous triangular black mark set obliquely
across its apex; cuneus usually reddish. 718. erectus.

//. Corium with a light, almost interrupted fuscous mark set ob-
liquely across its apex; cuneus rarely if ever reddish.

720. BREVIFURCATUS.

cc. Corium without a distinct black mark across its apical area, this
area sometimes fuscous but the dark color broken by paler spots,
but if not, the black color on radius distinctly darker than the
oblique infuscation.
m. Corium distinctly greenish on apical half; second antennal black
with pale ring at base.
n. Length, 5.1 — 5.5 mm. 721. penipectus.

nn. Length, 4.8 mm. 722. pectinatus.

nnn. Corium not distinctly green.

o. Elytra more brownish than black; dark color on middle of clavus
and apical area of corium broken into small spots; pubescence
chiefly golden-brown; length, 6 mm. 723. salicis.

oo. Elytra sometimes brownish but the dark color not broken into
small spots.
p. Front and vertex pale to yellowish, not distinctly marked with
blackish, rarely with short red lines near each eye; scu-
tellum pale to yellowish with a small submarginal brown
or fuscous spot each side near apical fourth; length, 6.2 mm.

724. ANGUSTULUS.

W- Front and vertex transversely marked with blackish lines.
q. Scutellum chiefly brownish-black, irregularly spotted with
paler, its median line narrowly pale but irregularly in-
vaded with the darker color; length, 5.5 mm.

725. OBTECTUS.
qq. Scutellum chiefly pale to grayish but with a black mark each
side on apical half.
r. Corium with a longitudinal pale area which extends upon
base of cuneus without interruption by an oblique infus-
cation; radius with a black line which curves outward
apically to the base of cuneus; length, 6.7 mm.

726. LACUNOSUS.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 717

rr. Corium distinctly darkened with fuscous on apical half,
scarcely showing paler by contrast with dark marks along
radius; length, 6 mm. 727. cortitectus.

708 (929). Phytocoris bipunctatus Van Duzee, 1910, 77.

Elongate, very slender, subparallel. Head fuscous-brown with a
reddish tinge, the tylus paler; pronotum with apical half reddish-brown,
basal half fuscous-brown, its extreme hind margin with a sinuate white
line interrupted by small tufts of short black hairs; scutellum reddish-
brown, vaguely flecked with yellow; elytra fuscous-brown, the costal
margin with small alternate gray and fuscous spots; corium with pale
spot near apex; membrane uniformly dusky, feebly iridescent; femora
fuscous-brown, reddish-yellow at base, front tibiae reddish-brown, with
three conspicuous pale yellow rings; ventrals fuscous, pro- and meso-
sterna dull yellow with a reddish tinge. Antenna? longer than body,
joint 1 dark brown with two or three yellow spots, slightly shorter than
basal width of pronotum; 2 dark brown with two pale rings, twice the
length of 1 ; 3 two-thirds the length of 2, pale, with brown pale ring at
base and another near middle; 4 very slender, fuscous, slightly shorter
than 1. Length, 4.2 — 4.7 mm.

Dunedin and Kissimmee, Fla., Dec. 19 — April 1. Taken in
spring by sweeping grasses and herbage in pine woods and
along margins of ponds ; hibernates in winter beneath boards
and other cover near ponds. Described from Florida and, ac-
cording to Van Duzee : "Common on the dry sparse grasses
in the pine barrens everywhere south of Sanford."

709 (930). Phytocoris annulicornis (Reuter), 1876, 70.

Form and size of bipunctatus. Reddish-brown tinged with fuscous;
joints 1 and 2 of antennae reddish-fuscous, 1 with numerous pale spots,
2 with two pale rings ; 3 and 4 testaceous, 3 with two paler rings ; under
surface fuscous, sterna and legs reddish-brown, the femora fuscous to-
wards apex ; tibiae with three fuscous rings, those on hind tibiae more or
less confluent. Length, 5 mm.

Described from Texas. Recorded by Parshley from Maine
and Massachusetts, and by others from Pennsylvania, Ohio,
Colorado and California. Knight (Ms.) considers bipunctatus a
synonym of annulicornis, but neither Reuter nor Distant in their
descriptions of annulicornis mention the prominent pale spot on
corium, distinctive of bipunctatus.

710 ( — ). Phytocoris nigriccllis Knight, 1923, 636.

Male — Elongate, subparallel. Head dull yellow; apical half of
tylus, lorae except tips, bucculas and mark behind eye blackish; color of
pronotum and scutellum as in key, both they and elytra clothed with

718 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDyE.

black hairs intermixed with tufts of silky yellowish pubescence; clavus
yellowish, fuscous at middle; corium black, the base, spot at middle and
another near base of cuneus, pale; embolium black with spots near base
and middle, pale; cuneus yellowish, apex and inner margin black; mem-
brane blackish, a small spot near tip of cuneus and another at apex of
larger cell, white; femora black flecked with yellowish, their bases pale;
front and middle tibiae pale, annulate with black, hind ones black with
broad pale ring on basal third ; venti*als deep black, the basal ones yel-
lowish at middle. Joint 1 of antennae dull yellow, above black with yel-
low spots, as long as pronotum; 2 and 3 black with pale ring at base, 2
two and three-fifth times as long as 1, nearly twice the length of 3; 4
black, one-fifth shorter than 3. Beak reaching fifth ventral. Female —
With costal margins more curved, elytra more broadly pale; antennal
joints relatively longer. Length, 5 — 5.2 mm.

Recorded only from New Hampshire and North Carolina, but
probably has a much wider range.

711 ( — ). Phytocoris husseyi Knight, 1923, 639.

Elongate, subparallel. Head yellowish with reddish to black marks
on front, tylus and lorae; pronotum and scutellum yellowish marked
with darker as in key; clavus blackish with paler brown or fuscous
spots; corium with apical third fuscous, black spot opposite base of mem-
brane and a pale one that of cuneus, both corium and clavus clothed
with short erect black hairs intermixed with tufts of whitish silken to-
mentose pubescence; membrane fuscous, darker at base; hind femora
with a narrow subapical pale ring. Joint 1 of antennae black, flecked
above with large and small whitish spots, about one-fifth longer than
width of head across eyes, 2 and 3 black, pale at base, 2 twice as long as
1, two-thirds longer than 3; 4 black, as long as 1. Beak reaching fourth
ventral. Length, 5.1 mm.

Known only from Mercer County, Ohio.

712 ( — ). Phytocoris albitylus Knight Ms.

Elongate, subparallel. Head dull whitish-yellow; lorae and a few
vague marks on vertex fuscous; pronotum dull yellow, an impressed dot
behind each callus and a narrow pi'ebasal zigzag line fuscous-brown,
basal margin narrowly whitish, propleurae and middle of mesoscutum
dull black; scutellum dull yellow with fuscous marks as in e of key;
elytra dull yellow, clavus, claval suture and inner margin of corium in
great part fuscous-brown; apex of corium with an oblique dark bar as
in c of key; embolium fuscous, flecked with scattered pale dots; cuneus
dull yellow, the tip and some small spots along inner margin fuscous;
membrane fuscous-hyaline marbled with paler, the large cell with a few
small fuscous dots; femora as in gg of key; tibiae and tarsi fuscous, the
former with two broad pale rings; under surface dull black, sterna straw-
yellow. Joint 1 of antenna? blackish, with numerous large white dots, as
long as pronotum; 2 and 3 blackish-brown, each narrowly pale at base,
2 twice as long as 1, 3 two-fifths the length of 2, 4 missing. Eyes of
male very large, the interocular area only one-half their long diameter.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIISLE. 719

Pronotum two-thirds wider at base than long at middle, its basal half
somewhat flaring. Length, 6 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 17. One male beaten from wax-myrtle,
Myrica cerifera L.

713 ( — ). Phytocoris onustus Van Duzee, 1920, 344.

Elongate, subparallel. Head dull yellow, cheeks, tip of tylus and
six oblique lines each side of front, fuscous ; pronotum with sides and
basal third broadly blackish, the latter area interrupted at middle, hind
margin whitish, in female preceded by a transverse row of six black
spots ; scutellum pale with stripe each side and basal angles blackish ;
elytra fuscous, vaguely irrorate with pale, the corium with polished
paler areas at base, middle and near apex; cuneus fuscous; membrane
pale fuscous, a pale spot near tip of cuneus and two vague ones on disk,
veins fuscous; hind femora as in key; tibiae fuscous with three or four
pale rings. Antennae fuscous, joint 1 flecked with paler, as long as pro-
notum and half of head; 2 paler at base, two and one-half times longer
than 1; 3 with base and extreme tip pale, 3 and 4 united equal to 2; 3
longer than 1, 4 shorter. Beak passing hind coxae. Male genitalia as in
fig. 9. Length, 7 — 7.4 mm.

Ranges from New England west to New York. Occurs on
bark of hickory in moist shaded localities.

714 ( — ) . Phytocoris neglectus Knight, 1920, 54.

Elongate, subparallel. Head dull yellow, vertex with reddish mark-
ings; apex of tylus and two or three short bars on cheeks and lorae fus-
cous-brown; pronotum dull yellow tinged with reddish, sparsely clothed
with sub-erect fuscous hairs, hind margin pale yellow, this hue bordered
in front by a transverse row of six or eight small oblong fuscous-brown
spots; scutellum dull yellow with fuscous marks as in e of key; elytra
fuscous-brown with scattered vague paler areas, embolium pale yellow
with a few small dark spots, apical third of corium with an oblique fus-
cous bar as in c of key; membrane fuscous with paler areas near middle;
legs straw-yellow, apical halves of femora flecked with fuscous, tibiae
thrice annulate with fuscous-brown ; under surface pale yellow along
median line, the sides with a wide dark brown unbroken stripe extend-
ing from behind eye to tip of abdomen. Joint 1 of antennae pale yellow
with numerous fuscous marks, subequal in length to width of pronotum
at base; 2 and 3 uniformly blackish-fuscous, each narrowly pale at base;
2 more slender and two and a third times longer than 1, 3 one-half as
long as 2, one-third longer than 4. Beak reaching third ventral. Male
genitalia as in fig. 3. Length, 6.2 — 6.5 mm.

Woods Hole and Pigeon Cove, Mass., July 15 — 30 (Olsen).
Ranges from New England west to Michigan and South Da-
kota. Occurs on the bark of apple and other trees where it is
probably predaceous on the larvse of various insects. Beaten
from hazel by Hussey.

720 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

715 ( — ). Phytocoris spicatus Knight, 1920, 55.

Elongate, subparallel. Head and middle of apical half of pronotum
greenish-white, the former with vague narrow transverse fuscous or
reddish lines between the eyes and two broader zigzag ones on front. Re-
mainder of pronotum, clavus and corium dull fuscous-black with vague
paler markings; scutellum greenish-yellow with an oblique black line
each side of apical half; embolium dull yellow with black spots; cuneus
with basal half greenish-yellow, apical half fuscous; femora greenish-
yellow, their apical halves with black spots, hind ones with preapical
pale ring; tibia? annulate with fuscous and dull white; under surface
greenish-white with a broad blackish stripe along each side. Joint 1
of antennae blackish with white spots, three-fourths as long as head and
pronotum united ; 2 and 3 fuscous-brown, both narrowly pale at base,
2 two and one-half times as long as 1 ; 3 two-fifths the length of 2 ; 4
dusky, two-thirds as long as 3. Male genitalia as in fig. 10. Length,
6 — 6.8 mm.

Norman Co., Minn., June 25 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded
from New England and New York.

716 (934). Phytocoris eximius Reuter, 1876, 67.

Elongate, suboval. Dull greenish-yellow with numerous fuscous and
reddish marks, thinly clothed with suberect pale or fuscous hairs and
prostrate yellowish ones ; head marked with numerous oblique blackish-
lines and reddish dots; pronotum with middle of front lobe greenish-yel-
low marked with reddish, remainder of disk clouded with fuscous and
with an undulate or interrupted fuscous line across basal fifth, this
edged behind with paler; scutellum greenish-yellow, the extreme base
and a short oblique spot each side near apex, fuscous; elytra with
numerous small fuscous spots, the corium with a conspicuous oblique
blackish bar across its apical fourth; tip of cuneus and cells of mem-
brane fuscous; femora and second antennal colored as in key; tibia? an-
nulate with brown and yellow; under surface greenish-yellow with a
broad black stripe on sides; genital area fuscous. Joint 1 of antenna?
reddish-brown with paler dots, about one-third longer than pronotum; 2
more than twice as long as 1, 3 three-fifths the length of 2, slightly
more than one-fourth longer than 4. Beak reaching fourth ventral. Male
genitalia as in fig. 1. Length, 5.8 — 6.2 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 26— Sept. 2 (W.S.B.). Hessville,
Lake Co., Ind., July 1 ; S. Maywood, 111., Aug. 3 (Gerhard) . Ra-
leigh, N. Car., Sept. 27 (Brimley). Ranges from Quebec and
New England west to the Pacific and southwest to Florida,
Texas, Mexico and the West Indies. Recorded from Crescent
City and Jacksonville, Fla. Variable to some extent in depth
of color, according to habitat and maturity. Occurs mainly
on grasses in waste places ; also on foliage of ash and hickory,
and said to be in part predaceous.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 721

717 ( — ). Phytocoris buenoi Knight, 1920, 57.

"Resembles eximius but colors of dorsum more in contrast; front
and middle femora dark fuscous-brown, closely and irregularly macu-
lated with pale; black patch bordering cubitus strongly contrasted with
the pale spot adjoining base of cuneus, pale part of cuneus tinged with
roseous ; cenrtal area of membrane distinctly pale. Male genitalia as in
fig. 14, distinctive of the species. Length, 5.8 mm." {Knight).

New Haven, Conn., June 27 (Walden). Recorded from Mas-
sachusetts, Connecticut and New York. Occurs on Norway
spruce.

718 ( — ). Phytocoris erectus Van Duzee, 1920, 345.

Elongate, subparallel. Dull gi-eenish-yellow with fuscous-brown
markings; scutellum with blackish marks as in ee of key; stripe on disk
of clavus and another on corium along claval suture, fuscous ; apex of
corium with a conspicuous polished pale spot, preceded by a black mark
as in I of key; cuneus with outer basal portion dull yellow, remainder
reddish flecked with fuscous, its inner margin with two black points;
membrane pale fuscous, with a double subhyaline pale mark behind apex
of cuneus and another in the larger cell; hind femora as in jj of key,
though often with a rather distinct pale subapical ring; under surface
greenish-yellow, the sides and genital segment mostly black. Joint 1 of
antennas brown with pale dots, one-third longer than width of head across
eyes; 2 brownish-yellow, narrowly pale at base, slightly more than twice
as long as 1 ; 3 dusky yellow, pale at base, one-half the length of 2; 4
fuscous, four-fifths as long as 3. Genitalia of male as in fig. 5. Length,
5.4 — 6 mm.

Norman Co., Minn., July 17 {Minn. Univ. Coll.). Ranges from
Ontario and New England west to Minnesota.

719 ( — ). Phytocoris canadensis Van Duzee, 1920, 346.

"Very close to erectus, but with distinct genital characters and the
pale ventral area more widened posteriorly, covering the entire last ven-
tral; genital segment fuscous each side, the median line and apex pale.
Sinistral male clasper with its dorsal hook hardly half as long as in
erectus, triangular as viewed from before and acute at apex; dextral
clasper shorter, more slender on apical portion, its dorsal tooth much
larger, acute, nearly parallel with the ventral member, than which it is
one-half shorter." (Van Duzee).

Known only from a single male taken July 29 at Kearney,
Ontario. Not included in key, as no tangible characters of suf-
ficient importance are given in description.

720 ( — ). Phytocoris brevifurcatus Knight, 1920, 53.

"Very similar to eximius but without the heavy oblique fuscous
mark at apex of corium ; second antennal darker fuscous on the middle
third ; head and pronotum distinctly grayish green on the paler parts ;

722 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

posterior femora with smaller irrorations, not distinctly banded with
pale; genital claspers and flagellum of male as in fig. 2. Length, 5.8
mm." (Knight).

Known only from Batavia, N. Y., where it was taken in July
and August on the bark of trees in shaded situations.

721 ( — ). Phytocoris penipectus Knight, 1920, 58.

Head, front half of pronotum, scutellum and basal half of corium
brownish-yellow with fuscous markings; basal half of pronotum tinged
with olive-green and with a narrow zigzag fuscous cross-bar in front
of the yellowish hind margin; clavus and apical half of corium olive-
green mottled with fuscous; tips of embolium and cuneus fuscous; mem-
brane fuscous, the middle and a spot near tip of cuneus greenish-hyaline,
veins yellowish; legs greenish-yellow with fuscous markings as in ex-
imius. Antenna? with relative length of joints as in eximius; joint 2
fuscous-brown with a pale ring at base. Male genitalia as in fig. 12.
Length, 5.1 — 5.3 mm.

New Canaan, Conn., Sept. 14 (Walden). Recorded only from
that State and Massachusetts.

722 ( — ). Phytocoris pectinatus Knight, 1920, 58.

"Very similar to eximius, colored more as in penipectus but more
strongly invaded with green on the corium, clavus and scutellum; second
antennal black except at base. Genital claspers and flagellum of male
as in fig. 18. Length, 4.8 mm." (Knight).

Known only from Florida, where it has been taken at Gaines-
ville, May 9, and Silver Springs, Sept. 25.

723 ( — ). Phytocoris salicis Knight, 1920, 56.

Elongate, suboval. General color dull brownish-yellow, rather
thickly clothed with appressed yellowish hairs, with scattered darker
ones intermixed; head with numerous reddish markings, those on sides
of front forming oblique transverse lines; pronotum dull yellow, apical
third with reddish markings, extreme basal edge pale yellow, preceded
by a transverse row of small vague fuscous spots ; scutellum often with
a narrow median pale stripe; elytra with scattered small vague fus-
cous markings; embolium indistinctly alternated with dull yellow and
fuscous; cuneus with outer basal angle yellowish, apical half with fus-
cous or reddish markings; membrane pale fuscous marbled with whit-
ish; legs straw-yellow, front and middle femora thickly flecked with red-
dish-brown, hind ones with fuscous-brown; tibiae with three brown rings,
the basal ones often broken into spots; under surface dull greenish-
yellow, the sides of pleura and sometimes of abdomen dark brown. Joint

1 of antennas pale yellow, thickly flecked with reddish-brown, the apical
fifth brown, about three-fourths as long as basal width of pronotum;

2 and 3 pale brown, both narrowly yellowish at base, 2 darker at tip and
near the pale base, twice as long as 1 ; 3 two-fifths as long as 2. Beak
reaching third ventral. Male genitalia as in fig. 13. Length, 6.2 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINJE. 723

Marion Co., Ind., June 26 — July 10; beaten from willow.
Dunedin, Fla., April 10 — 20 ; frequent on foliage of willow and
bay along the margins of ponds. Pigeon Cove and Oak Bluff,
Mass., July 29 — Aug. 3 (Olsen). Ranges from Ontario and
New England west to the Dakotas and south to Florida. Occurs
mainly on black willow, and probably predaceous.

724 (931). Phytocoris angustulus Reuter, 1909, 29.

Elongate, subparallel. Head reddish-yellow with a spot at base of
loraa blackish, tylus yellow; beak reaching sixth ventral, yellowish, its
apex fuscous ; pronotum grayish-yellow with lateral and basal submar-
gins fuscous, calli and collar paler, edge of hind margin pale; elytra fus-
cous-brown, corium with three translucent yellowish spots, the largest
triangular on apex and united with the pale center of cuneus, apex and
inner margin of cuneus fuscous; membrane fuscous with a pale spot
near apex of cuneus and a smaller one behind it; first antennal pale yel-
low with fuscous spots, second and third fuscous each with a narrow
pale ring at base, fourth blackish; femora blackish-brown thickly
sprinkled with small yellow spots, hind ones with an oblique pale band
near apex; tibia? annulate with brown and yellow; coxae pale yellow; ven-
trals blackish. Joint 1 of antennae one-fourth longer than pronotum, 2
more than twice as long as 1, and nearly twice as long as 3, 4 one-third
shorter than 3. Length, 6 — 6.2 mm.

Black Mountains, N. Car., July 18 (Brimley). Described from
West Virginia and recorded from New York, Vermont and
Nova Scotia. Collected by Knight on the hemlock, Tsuga
canadensis (L).

725 ( — ). Phytocoris obtectus Knight, 1920, 58.

"Very similar to eximius, slightly smaller and more slender, hem-
elytra more uniformly grayish translucent, not distinctly marked with
fuscous at apex of corium; front transversely striate with fuscous; scu-
tellum grayish-brown, irrorate with paler; genital claspers and flagellum
of male as in fig. 21. Length, 5.5 mm." (Knight).

Recorded only from Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

726 ( — ). Phytocoris lacunosus Knight, 1920, 56.

"Very similar to cortitectus only larger; nearly the size of onustus
but more slender and paler in color; corium with a longitudinal pale
area extending onto base of cuneus without interruption at cubitus;
flagellum and right genital clasper of male as in fig. 4. Length, 6.7
mm." (Knight).

Described from McLean, N. Y., where it was taken on the
bark of water beech, Carpinus caroliniana Walt., growing at the
margin of a bog. Recorded elsewhere only from North Dakota
where it was found by Hussey on willow.

724 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

727 ( — ). Phytocoris cortitectus Knight, 1920, 55.

"Very similar to eximius; pale parts of hemelytra more translucent,
infuscations paler; front of head transversely striate with fuscous each
side of median line; second antennal more uniformly fuscous but with
a pale reflection throughout the infuscation; genital claspers and flagel-
lum of male as in fig. 11. Length, 6 mm." (Knight).

Recorded only from Glen House, N. Hamp. and Batavia,
N. Y., where it was found in late July in the crevices of the
bark of elm.

Group IV. — Phytocoris.

In this group the membrane is sometimes marbled but not
flecked with pale spots, the antennae are more pale than black-
ish with basal joint longer than width of head and the general
color is usually yellowish to reddish over a paler background.
It corresponds to Knight's Group IV and comprises twelve of
our eastern species.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP IV, PHYTOCORIS.

a. Disk of pronotum frequently in part or wholly red but without four
distinct reddish stripes on a pale background.
b. Pronotal disk with four to six black spots on basal submargin',
these often vague or sometimes wanting; scutellum usually uni-
formly pale, rarely with a fuscous spot each side on apical half.

728. QUERCICOLA.

bb. Pronotal disk without trace of black spots on basal submargin;
scutellum usually with orange or red each side on apical half.
c. Pronotum chiefly red, more red than pale or fuscous.

d. Elytra with distinct yellowish dots or spots ; calli darkened with

fusCOUS. 729. CONFLUENS.

dd. Elytra nearly a uniform deep orange-red without pale spots ;
calli wholly pale. 737. (male) puella.

cc. Pronotum with more pale or fuscous than red.

e. Scutellum uniformly pale or bright yellow.

/. Pronotum and elytra chiefly bright yellow, the former with an
orange stripe projecting backward along outer margin of
callus; scutellum bright yellow. 730. luteolus.

ff. Pronotum and elytra pale brownish-yellow, the former with-
out orange stripes; scutellum pale whitish yellow.

731. ANGUSTIFRONS.

ee. Scutellum with an orange or reddish mark each side of median
line.
</. Disk of pronotum with basal and side margins dark fusco-red-
dish; scutellum yellow with a red mark each side on apical
half but without a stripe at middle of base.

732. INFUSCATUS.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINiE. 725

gg. Disk of pronotum chiefly pale, not darkened at base or on sides;
base of scutellum with an orange colored stripe each side of
median line, these frequently projected backward and uniting
with an orange mark on each side of apical half.

733. OLSENI.
aa. Disk of pronotum with four orange or red stripes on a paler back-
ground.
h. Second antennal pale with a slender blackish line along its upper or
front surface; embolium and outer half of corium green; clavus
greenish to fuscous with a rather large irregular reddish blotch
at middle and a smaller one on basal half. 734. tibialis.

hh. Second antennal without a slender blackish line along its upper
surface; embolium and outer half of corium marked with brown
or reddish.
i. Apical half of corium with a large triangular yellow area just
before cuneus; clavus, basal area of corium, embolium and
cuneus bright red but flecked with paler spots.

735. VENUSTUS.

ii. Apical half of corium marked with reddish or if not, then its
basal half without bright red.
j. Hind femora heavily marked with fuscous or red, the dark color
inclosing small pale spots, the basal third pale; elytra dull yel-
low with dark red reticulations, more nearly fuscous-reddish
on basal half of corium. 736. depictus.

jj. Hind femora chiefly pale marked with reddish only on apical
half.
k. Dorsum pale, the elytra with orange or pale reddish reticula-
tions ; apical half of corium as distinctly marked as basal
half; membrane pale, somewhat dusky at base.
/. Pronotum with a single transverse impression, the red stripes
of disk not passing over calli to reach front margin.

737. (female) puella.
II. Pronotum with two transverse impressions, one behind and one
in front of calli, the red stripes percurrent, passing over
both of them onto collar. 738. rubellus.

kk. Dorsum pale greenish-yellow, the elytra with fuscous reticula-
tions; apical third of corium without dark marks; membrane
pale fuscous, marbled with paler. 739. cary^e.

728 ( — ). Phytocoris quercicola Knight, 1920, 60.

Elongate, subparallel. General color pale straw-yellow, more or
less marked with reddish and fuscous, and thickly clothed with fine pros-
trate yellowish pubescence; head pale yellow with scattered red marks,
front with conspicuous pale hairs; pronotum with collar and middle of
apical third pale with a few red marks, remainder pale brownish-fus-
cous; elytra with numerous scattered reddish-brown reticulations, em-
bolium and cuneus with red ones; membrane pale translucent, sometimes
dusky marbled with paler; femora and first antennal pale yellow with
numerous red or reddish-brown spots, remainder of antenna? pale brown-
ish-yellow; tibia? annulate with yellow and red, the hind ones less dis-

726 FAMILY XXIX. — mirid;e.

tinctly so; ventrals dull yellow with brownish or reddish spots on sides.
Joint 1 of antennae slightly longer than width of head, 2 more than twice
as long as 1, 3 slightly more than one-half the length of 2, one-fourth
longer than 4. Beak reaching sixth ventral. Male genitalia as in fig. 24.
Length, 4.5 — 4.7 mm.

Ormond and Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 19— April 26 (W.S.B.).
Long Island, N. Y., Aug. 17 (Davis). Taken at Dunedin in
December from beneath boards on margin of pond; in spring
by beating foliage of oak and bunches of Spanish moss hang-
ing thereto. Recorded heretofore only from Massachusetts,
New York and Maryland. Knight states that in the North it
breeds on bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa Michx. The black spots
on basal submargin of pronotum are formed by the interrup-
tion of the dark submarginal line as noted in P. tuberculatus
Knight and other species of the genus, are variable in number
and sometimes subobsolete. The membrane in northern speci-
mens is often flecked with pale spots as plainly as in some of
the species of Group I.

729 (951a). Phytocoris confluens Reuter, 1909, 20.

Elongate-oblong. Head chiefly red, the tylus yellow; pronotum red,
darker on calli and basal half, the middle of disk with some vague yel-
lowish spots; scutellum red, basal angles and apex pale; elytra, includ-
ing cuneus, dull red, distinctly mottled with yellow spots, corium often
with a large pale spot at apex; membrane dusky with red veins; an-
tenna?, front and middle legs and hind tibiae pale yellow; hind femora red,
paler at base usually rather thickly flecked with pale spots ; ventrals
yellow, more or less spotted with brown. Joint 1 of antennae three-
tenths longer than pronotum, 2 two and a half times longer than 1, 3
five-eighths the length of 2, one-third longer than 4. Beak reaching sixth
ventral. Length, 4.6 — 5 mm.

Staten Island, N. Y., July 24 (Davis). Recorded from Con-
necticut and District of Columbia. Placed by Reuter as a vari-
ety of puella but apparently distinct.

730 ( — ). Phytocoris luteolus Knight, 1923, 649.

Elongate, subparallel. Head yellow with orange to bright red mark-
ings on tylus, cheeks and lorae; pronotum, scutellum and elytra with
color as in key and clothed with pale yellowish pubescence; calli and
propleura whitish; basal third of corium and embolium and outer half of
clavus with orange-red spots ; apex of clavus and inner margins of
cuneus with bright red spots; membrane pale fuscous, apical half with
fuscous spots, veins yellowish; front and middle femora yellowish, paler
at base, hind ones with apical half or more dark reddish flecked with
yellowish spots ; tibiae pale, reddish near base. Antennae yellowish, joint

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^. 727

1 one-fourth longer than width of head across eyes, 2 two and one-fourth
times longer than 1, 3 nearly three-fifths the length of 2, about one-third
longer than 4. Beak reaching fifth ventral. Length, 5 — 5.2 mm.

Described from Connecticut. Known also from Alabama.

731 ( — ). Phytocoris angustifrons Knight Ms.

Elongate, subparallel. Pale dull yellow; elytra thickly marked with
minute whitish tufts of short hairs; vertex, collar and calli whitish-yel-
low; basal half and sides of pronotum often with a brownish tinge; em-
bolium, tip and inner margin of cuneus with small fuscous dots or spots;
membrane pale hyaline, larger cell and two vague spots behind it fus-
cous, veins whitish; legs pale straw-yellow, apical half of femora pale
fuscous, enclosing scattered white dots, hind femora with preapical pale
ring; under surface dull yellow, a fuscous stripe along sides of ven-
trals. Joint 1 of antenna? pale yellow, flecked with brown, one-fifth long-
er than width of head across eyes ; 2 dull yellow, three times as long as
1 ; 3 fuscous, narrowly paler at base, two-fifths the length of 2 ; 4 fus-
cous, as long as 3. Length, 4.5 — 5.2 mm.

Dunedin and Istokpoga, Fla., Feb. 22 — April 20. Beaten in
some numbers from bunches of Spanish moss where it was
hibernating. Taken by Van Duzee, May 1, at Sevenoaks, Fla.
Known only from that State.

732 (949). Phytocoris infuscatus Reuter, 1909, 20.

Elongate, subparallel. Head brownish-yellow flecked with red ; pro-
notum with collar and middle of disk dull yellow tinged with reddish,
sides and basal third fusco-reddish; elytra with clavus and inner half
of corium dark reddish sparsely and vaguely mottled with small yellow
spots; embolium and cuneus more distinctly reddish, the latter with base
darker; corium with a paler spot on apex; membrane dusky, faintly
marbled with pale blotches; antennae yellowish, the outer joints with a
dusky tinge; front and middle legs pale yellow, their femora tinged with
reddish; hind femora except basal third, dark fusco-reddish, flecked with
small yellow spots; tarsi fuscous. Joint 1 of antennas one-fifth longer
than pronotum, 2 two and three-fourth times longer than 1, 3 about
one-half the length of 2, one-third longer than 4. Beak almost reaching
base of genital. Length, 5.3 — 5.7 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Sept. 25 (IV. S.B.) ; one beaten from wil-
low. Aqueduct, N. Y., July 27 (Davis). Ranges from Ontario
and Massachusetts west to Michigan and southwest to North
Carolina. Breeds on hickory and walnut.

733 ( — ). Phytocoris olseni Knight, 1923, 647.

Elongate, subparallel. Head pale yellow; lorae, cheeks, middle of tylus
median line and sides of base of vertex and oblique lines each side of
front, orange-red; pronotum pa1^ brownish-yellow, sides tinged with
brownish, calli with a mark in front and a spot behind inner half of

728 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

each, orange; scutellum as in key; elytra pale brownish-yellow, middle
of inner half of corium and outer half of clavus, dark brown; embolium
pale flecked with reddish-orange, cuneus yellowish with vague reddish
dots; membrane pale brown, veins darker; legs straw-yellow, hind fem-
ora dark brown, apical half reddish with pale spots; front and middle
tibiae each with two reddish-brown rings, those on middle pair often
vague, hind tibia? reddish near base; tarsi yellowish, dusky at tip; ven-
trals straw-yellow, orange-red on sides. Joint 1 of antenna? pale yellow-
ish, tip and two spots on front face brown, one-sixth longer than width
of head across eyes; 2 and 3 yellowish brown, 2 twice as long as 1. Beak
reaching seventh ventral. Upper surface clothed with suberect dusky
hairs intermixed with silky yellow pubescence. Length, 5.8 — 6.2 mm.

Known only from New York and New Jersey.

734 (952). Phytocoris tibialis Reuter, 1876, 68.

Elongate, subparallel. Pale straw-yellow, sparsely and finely pubes-
cent; some irregular markings on face and a transverse line across
vertex between base of eyes, orange-red ; disk of pronotum with four
short broad orange-red stripes, these not reaching base and in front
interrupted by the calli but present, though narrower, on collar; clavus
fuscous-brown, its base, a spot near middle and the inner half of corium
paler and flecked with reddish; cuneus and membrane pale translucent
yellow, their veins reddish; apical halves of front and middle femora
and first joint of antennas annulate with red and yellow; front and
middle tibiae also annulate and with a reddish-fuscous line along their
upper surface; ventrals a uniform pale yellow. Joint 1 of antennae as
long as pronotum, 2 more than twice as long as 1, 3 one-third the length
of 2, slightly longer than 4. Length, 5 — 5.3 mm.

Knox Co., Ind., Sept. 23 ; swept from herbage along the mar-
gins of the Wabash River. Ranges from Ontario and New
England west to Wisconsin and Iowa and southwest to Texas
and Nicaragua. Readily known by the pale color, red markings
and dark lines on second antennal and front and middle tibia?.

735 ( — ). Phytocoris venustus Knight, 1923, 651.

Elongate-oval. Head orange-red; spot each side of vertex and one
on base, two spots on median line of front and one on base of tylus, pale
yellow, middle of tylus red; pronotum pale with stripes as in aa of key,
collar and small spot before each callus orange-red ; scutellum red. basal
angles and median line paler; elytra as in i of key; membrane pale
fuscous, veins brown; legs straw-yellow, femora flecked apically with
red; hind tibiae with reddish spots near base; ventrals yellowish, vaguely
spotted with red. Antennae yellowish, joint 1 darker at apex, one-sixth
longer than width of head across eyes, 2 nearly twice as long as 1, 3
one and two-third times as long as 2, 4 one-sixth shorter than 3. Beak
reaching sixth ventral. Pronotum,- scutellum and clavus clothed with
rather prominent inclined yellowish hairs. Length, 4.5 — 4.9 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSUSLE. 729

East River, Conn., July — August {Walden). Recorded only
from that State, New York and District of Columbia.

736 ( — ). Phytocoris depictus Knight, 1923, 654.

Elongate, subparallel. Head yellow marked with orange-red; pro-
notum pale brownish-yellow tinged with dusky, calli pale, disk behind
them with four orange stripes; scutellum yellowish with an oblique
orange stripe each side; elytra as in key; extreme tip of clavus and a
small spot near inner basal angle of cuneus, black, beset with prominent
black hairs; membrane pale fuscous, cells and central area with hyaline
spots, veins pale fuscous; hind femora as in key; spines on hind tibiae
pale with reddish spots at base; ventrals pale yellow, sides dotted with
red. Antenna? yellowish, joint 1 with a few reddish dots, tapering from
base to near apex, slightly longer than width of head across eyes ; 2 two
and two-fifth times longer than 1, 3 and 4 subequal, united almost twice
as long as 2. Beak reaching fifth ventral. Upper surface rather thickly
clothed with prostrate yellow pubescence. Length, 4.1 — 5.3 mm.

St. Anthony Park, Minn., Aug. 11 {Minn. Univ. Coll.). Known
only from Batavia, N. Y., and Minnesota. Occurs on ash and
bur oak.

737 (951). Phytocoris puella Reuter, 1876, 69.

Male — Elongate, slender, subparallel. General color above dark red
with yellow markings ; vertex reddish-yellow, front dark orange-red ; pro-
notum with collar and four narrow entire stripes behind calli orange-
red, calli and basal angles yellow; scutellum yellow with an oblique red-
dish spot each side of middle; clavus, except base, and inner half of
corium, fuscous-red, corium elsewhere paler; cuneus dark red flecked
with yellow; membrane fuscous, the veins red; legs pale yellow, apical
half of femora and base of tibiae with orange-red markings; under sur-
face in great part pale, the sixth ventral and genital fuscous. Joint 1
of antennae pale yellow with reddish markings, one and two-third times
the length of pronotum ; 2 — 4 pale yellow, 2 two and one-fifth times
longer than 1, 3 one-fifth longer than 4, the latter subequal in length to
1. Eyes very large, their diameter greater than interocular width.
Female — Usually pale greenish-yellow; orange stripes on pronotum often
interrupted; scutellum pale yellow; elytra everywhere reticulate with
orange-red; ventrals, tarsi and apical halves of tibiae often in great
part fuscous. Length, 4.5 — 5.2 mm.

Lake, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., Aug. 14 — Sept. 22.
Beverly Hills, 111., Aug. 31, at light (Gerhard). Yaphank, Long
Island, N. Y. (Davis). Swannanoa, N. Car., July (Brimley).
My Indiana specimens were swept from weeds along the mar-
gins of orchards and roadsides. Its known range extends
from Quebec and New England west to Illinois and Kansas and
southwest to North Carolina. Van Duzee (1917, 318) includes
Florida but there is no definite station record from that State.

730 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDjE.

738 ( — ). Phytocoris rubellus Knight Ms.

Close to puella. Head and pronotum pale yellow, the former with
vague reddish markings, the latter with four rather broad percurrent red
stripes; scutellum red with basal angles and tip yellow; elytra dull red,
thickly clothed with prostrate whitish hairs, embolium with small yellow
spots; cuneus red, inner basal angle darker; membrane dusky hyaline,
veins red; femora dull red, paler at base, hind ones with fuscous bars
enclosing yellow dots; tibiae reddish-yellow, tarsi darker. Joint 1 of an-
tenna? shorter and stouter than in puella, dark red with yellow spots;
2 reddish-yellow, two and one-half times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous,
united equal to 2. Length, 4.8 — 5.2 mm.

Laporte Co., Ind., Aug. 26. Ranges from Indiana west to
Iowa and Kansas.

739 ( — ). Phytocoris cary,e Knight, 1923, 652.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Head yellow with prominent pale hairs
and with orange spots on sides of front, behind eyes and on loras; pro-
notum greenish-yellow, the four orange stripes often confluent behind,
calli pale, collar with orange spot each side of middle; scutellum green-
ish-yellow, an oblique orange spot each side of middle; elytra as in key;
legs yellowish, apical halves of femora flecked with brown or red spots;
ventrals pale greenish-yellow. Antenna? yellow, joint 1 with small
orange spots, one-fourth longer than width of head across eyes; 2
slightly more than twice as long as 1 ; 3 three-fifths the length of 2, one-
third longer than 4. Beak reaching upon fifth ventral. Length, 5.3 mm.

Batavia, N. Y., July 29 (Walden). Recorded only from there;
occurs on hickory.

V. Stenotus Jakovlef, 1877, 288.

Elongate, suboval, almost glabrous shining species of
medium size having the head porrect, not exserted, its front
subvertical, vertex without an impressed line ; eyes large, oval,
their long diameter slightly greater than width of vertex; beak
reaching third ventral ; pronotum subtrapezoidal, its side mar-
gins rounded, hind portion convex, finely rugose ; scutellum
largely exposed, slightly convex; elytra entire, surpassing the
abdomen ; hind femora reaching genital plate ; joint 1 of hind
tarsi twice as long as 2. One species is known.

740 (969). Stenotus binotatus (Fabricius), 1794, 172.

Greenish-yellow. Male with tylus and two broad divergent stripes
on pronotum black, the stripes extending from calli back to cover basal
two-thirds of clavus and inner portion of apical half or more of corium ;
scutellum yellow the side margins of base black; cuneus yellow; mem-
brane fuscous with paler veins; genital segment and a row of spots
along outer margins of ventrals blackish ; tarsi fuscous. Pronotum of

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E.

731

Fig. 169. a, female; b, male, X 6 ; c, head from side. (After Howard, Insect Life).

female with two ill-defined rounded dark spots behind the calli, the
stripes on elytra narrow, interrupted, limited to the claval suture and
inner apical fourth of corium; membrane and under surface wholly
greenish-yellow. Antennae about as long as body, joint 1 as long as
head, 2 two and a half times longer than 1, 3 one-half the length of 2,
nearly twice as long as 4. Length, 6.2 — 7 mm. (Fig. 169).

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., June 1 — July 4 ; common
along the borders of wet meadows and fields of oats and wheat.
Delaware Co., Pa., June (Gerhard). Swannanoa, N. Car., (Brim-
Icy). A palsearctic European species, known as the "timothy-
grass bug," and ranging in this country from Quebec and New
England west to Minnesota and the Pacific. Not before record-
ed south of Maryland. From the records it seems to reach
maturity about May 15 and almost wholly disappears by the
middle of July. Howard (1892, 90) mentions it as injurious
to timothy in Green Co., N. Y., the insect in all stages being
found in numbers upon the heads in early July. Knight states
that it "breeds on orchard grass, Dactylus glomerata L., and
probably to some extent on other grasses."

VI. Creontiades Distant, 1883, 237.

Elongate, finely pubescent, shining species having the head
porrect, its front declivent, vertex with a median impressed
line ; eyes large, oval, coarsely granulated ; beak reaching or

732 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

surpassing hind coxae; pronotum trapezoidal, its width at base
about twice that of apex, sides rounded, basal portion convex,
finely rugose ; scutellum subtectiform, minutely transversely
rugose ; elytra entire, surpassing abdomen ; hind femora reach-
ing tip of abdomen ; tibiae with long and prominent setae. Five
species are recorded by Van Duzee (1917) from North Amer-
ica, three from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CREONTIADES.

a. Color greenish- or straw-yellow, more or less tinged with reddish;
apex of corium without brown dots.
b. Front of vertex subdepressed; calli scarcely evident; upper sur-
face and legs more or less tinged with reddish.

741. RUBRINERVIS.

bb. Front of vertex rather strongly convex; calli distant, rather promi-
nent; upper surface and legs not tinged with reddish.

742. DEBILIS.
aa. Color in great part piceous; apex of corium with three brown dots.

743. FILICORNIS.

741 (960). Creontiades rubrinervis (Stal), 1862, 321.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Greenish-yellow fading to straw-
yellow, usually more or less tinged with rosaceous; pronotum with sub-
basal margin blackish, the edge behind it whitish; scutellum of female
often in great part fuscous ; elytra with the inner marginal veins of cla-
vus and commissure and the veins of membrane rosaceous; sometimes the
entire elytra, including cuneus, strongly tinged with the same hue; mem-
brane pale fuscous-hyaline, veins reddish; antennae greenish-yellow,
joints 1 and 2 often reddish, the apical third of joints 2 and 3 darker;
legs straw-yellow tinged with reddish, the tibia? of males and some-
times of females in great part green; tarsi in part and tarsal claws
fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae stout, cylindrical, finely and sparsely setose,
as long as pronotum, 2 about twice the length of 1, 3 one-fifth shorter
than. 2, more than twice the length of 4. Width of apex of pronotum
about two-thirds the median length of disk. Length, 6.5 — 8 mm.

Sanford, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 17 — April 4. Oc-
curs throughout the greater part of that State but not taken
by me or recorded from the extreme southern portion. About
Dunedin it is common in late autumn and spring, both on Hog
Island and the mainland, on low huckleberry and other shrubs
and grasses in the open pine woods and along the margins and
pathways of hammocks. Described from Mexico and recorded
in this country only from Florida and California.

742 (964). Creontiades debilis Van Duzee, 1915, 111.

Smaller and more slender than rubrinervis. Color a nearly uniform
pale straw-yellow; tibiae translucent green; extreme tips of scutellum

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^. 733

and beak and tarsal claws fuscous. Pronotum shorter, broader, much
less narrowed in front than in rubrinervis, its apex subequal in width to
median length; calli distinct, their front halves connected. Beak reach-
ing onto first ventral. Length, 6 mm.

Tybee Island, Ga., July 26 (Van D.). This is the type local-
ity and it is recorded only from there and Estero, Fla.

743 (961). Creontiades filicornis (Walker) , 1873, 96.

"Female — Piceous, fusiform, finely punctured, tawny beneath. Head
triangular. Eyes slightly prominent. Rostrum tawny, extending a little
beyond hind coxae. Antennas tawny, filiform, as long as body; first joint
much longer than head; second more than twice the length of first; third
a little longer than first, fourth much shorter than third. Prothorax
with a strongly marked transverse furrow. Legs tawny, slender. Corium
tawny; tip with a red spot and with three brown dots. Membrane brown-
ish. Length of body 4 lines. St. John's Bluff, East Florida. Presented
by E. Doubleday, Esq."

The above is the original description of the Capsus filicornis of
Walker. Distant (1904, 106) placed it in the genus Creontiades,
though in color it is apparently widely different from our other
species.

VII. POLYMERUS Hahn I, 1831, 27 (Pceciloscytus Fieb.).

Oblong or elongate-oval pubescent species having the head
short, distinctly wider across the eyes than long, the front sub-
vertical; base of tylus viewed from above, distinctly below (in
front of) the insertion of antennse; beak usually reaching to or
beyond middle coxae; antennae shorter than body, variable as
to species, the last two joints much more slender than the oth-
ers ; pronotum trapezoidal, about twice as wide at base as long,
without median constriction, calli evident but feeble, hind por-
tion convex, declivent forward, more or less rugose ; scutellum
triangular, equilateral, convex; elytra entire, surpassing ab-
domen, male, or reaching only its tip, female, cuneus and mem-
brane strongly deflected. About 30 species are known from the
United States, 15 of which occur in our territory. They were
formerly classed under the generic name Pceciloscytus Fieber.

KEY TO EASTERN" SPECIES OF POLYMERUS.

a. Beak reaching upon or surpassing hind coxae.
b. Larger, length usually 4.3 or more mm.
c. Cuneus wholly or in great part red, rarely paler; beak reaching
onto first ventral ; general color greenish-yellow varied with
blackish; apical half of femora annulate with brown.

744. BASALTS.

734 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

cc. Cuneus not red ; beak not passing- hind coxae.

d. Upper surface black and pale; apical half of femora reddish-
yellow; cuneus and scutellum, except basal angles, pale; tibiae
pale. 745. nigropallidus.

dd. Upper surface uniformly black, the tips of embolium and cuneus
alone pale; apical half of femora reddish-brown with a pale
subapical ring; tibiae yellowish stained with reddish.

746. TINCTIPES.
66. Smaller. Length, less than 4 mm.

e. Pronotum fuscous-black, the collar, edges of side margins, area
in front of and each side of calli, and a backward projecting
ray between them dull yellow; hind femora with brown spots;
length 3.5—3.8 mm. 747. cuneatus.

ee. Color of pronotum not as above; beak reaching sixth ventral;
femora without spots or rings ; length, 3.2 mm.

748. DELONGI.

aa. Beak not reaching upon hind coxae.
/. Beak reaching upon middle coxae.
(/. Upper surface black, the narrow apex of cuneus and a line each
side of fracture, paler; tibiae uniformly black.

749. PROXIMUS.

gg. Upper surface black and pale; cuneus with at least the inner
half red, tip of scutellum and basal third of corium pale; tibiae
pale. 750. unifasciatus.

ff. Beak not reaching middle coxae.
h. Tibiae in part or wholly pale; upper surface in great part black.
i. Elytra wholly black clothed with silvery silken pubescence; legs
tinged with fuscous. 751. nubilipes.

ii. Elytra in part pale.
j. Legs almost wholly pale.
k. Cuneus black, its narrow carinate edge and that of em-
bolium wholly pale; apical half of hind femora with several
fuscous dots near middle of outer face.

752. PUNCTIPES.

kk. Cuneus and embolium pale or reddish-yellow; legs wholly

reddish-yellow, the apical half of hind femora with not

more than one fuscous dot. 753. fulvipes.

jj. Legs in part black; femora red, the apical third black; tibiae

orange-red at middle, the base and tip black.

754. VENUSTUS.

hh. Tibiae wholly black.

/. Femora red with only the tips black; beak reaching onto front

coxae.
in. Larger, length 6.4 mm.; embolium and cuneus wholly black.

755. GERHARDI.

mm. Smaller, length 4.5 — 5 mm.; embolium and outer edge of cuneus
yellowish. 756. brevirostris.

//. Femora not red; beak reaching behind front coxae; length, not
more than 6 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^. 735

n. Cuneus red; second antennal distinctly more slender than basal
one; upper surface black, somewhat shining, clothed with
silvery silken pubescence. 757. venaticus.

nn. Cuneus black; second antennal equal to first in thickness; upper
surface deep black, opaque, scutellum and elytra clothed
chiefly with black pubescence. 758. opacus.

744 (991). Polymerus BASALIS (Reuter) , 1876, 73.

Elongate-oval, sparsely clothed with yellow or silvery appressed pu-
bescence. General color dull greenish-yellow with variable fuscous or
black markings; vertex transversely striate with oblique parallel black
lines each side of middle, tylus black, shining; disk of pronotum with a
line across the subapical constriction, a small round spot on each callus
and two spots, varying much in shape and size, just behind the calli,
blackish, these sometimes merging so that the disk is in great part
blackish; scutellum pale greenish-yellow, its base and side margins from
base to middle usually blackish; elytra with clavus and inner apical
half of corium fuscous-black, cuneus in part or wholly reddish; mem-
brane translucent fuscous or dusky, its veins paler; first antennal shining
black with both extreme base and apex whitish; second reddish-brown
with a black ring at base, its apical fourth and third and fourth an-
tennals fuscous ; under surface and legs greenish-yellow, the apical third
of femora annulate with reddish-brown, tibial spines black; middle of
ventrals 1—3 usually blackish in female. Length, 4.5 — 5.5 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, June 5 — Oct. 6. Dunedin,
Moore Haven and Canal Point, Fla., Nov. 16— April 10 (W. S.
B.). Agricultural College, Miss. (Weed). Occurs in Indiana
on foliage and flowers along roadsides and on weeds, especially
ragweed and dog-fennel, in meadows. Found throughout Flor-
ida, where it is frequent in spring on tall grasses along mar-
gins of ponds. It is our most common and most widely dis-
tributed species of the genus, ranging from Quebec and New
England west to South Dakota and Colorado, and southwest
to Florida, Texas and New Mexico. Varies exceedingly in
color and also in the amount of pubescence, the majority of
cabinet specimens being almost glabrous. Those taken in au-
tumn are usually darker than the ones of early summer, some
having the entire upper surface, except cuneus, base of corium
and tip of scutellum, fuscous-black. On these Knight has based
his var. fuscatus80*. For a pale form found in the southern
states, in which the beak is generally shorter and the eyes of
male somewhat larger than those of the north, Knight*"3
has restored the name sericeus Uhler (1877, 422), usually re-
garded as a synonym of basalis. Of this Uhler wrote : "In
Maryland it may be met with from the first of June to the end

s"a There has appeared since these pages were in type a paper by Knight (Can.
Ent. July. 1926) in which these names were used. In it he also records P. flavo-
cuneatus Reut. (1907b, 8). a Jamaican species, from Sanford and Biscayne Bay, Fla.

736 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

of October, and it lives upon violets, weeds and herbs in low-
grounds."

745 ( — ). Polymerus nigropallidus Knight, 1923, 599.

Head black, with median line, lorae and spot next to eye on vertex,
dull yellow; pronotum black, the collar, front margins of calli, line be-
tween them, dot on disk and basal margin, yellowish; scutellum dull yel-
low, the basal angles and mesoscutum blackish; elytra dull yellow, clavus
with inner half and corium with outer margin and stripe on outer portion
of apical half blackish; membrane dark fuscous, veins paler; legs tawny-
yellow, spines of tibiae and last tarsal segment blackish; ventrals yellow
with paler pubescence. Antennae black, joint 1 two-fifths as long as
width of head across eyes; 2 four times the length of 1, two and one-
fifth times as long as 3. Length, 4.3 — 4.5 mm.

Described from Brown's MilLs Junction, N. J., and known
only from there.

746 ( — ). Polymerus tinctipes Knight, 1923, 600.

Color as in key, clothed above with silken white pubescence ; mem-
brane fuscous-brown; narrow apex of cuneus and embolium pale; fem-
ora with basal halves yellowish, their lower face with numerous erect
hairs, each hair with a fuscous dot at base; ventrals black with paler
pubescence. Antennae black, brownish apically, joint 1 three-fourths a?
long as width of vertex, 2 as long as width of pronotum at base; 3 one-
half the length of 2, one-third longer than 4. Beak reaching hind mar-
gins of hind coxae. Length. 3.7 — 4.2 mm.

Recorded only from Great Falls, Md., where it was collected
on a lichen covered rock.

747 ( — ). Polymerus cuneatus (Distant), 1893, 435.

General color above fuscous-black, head with tylus shining black,
cheeks, lorae, a spot on middle of vertex and another near each eye, dull
yellow; color of pronotum as in key; tip of scutellum yellowish; outer
half of clavus and basal fourth of corium usually more or less dull
yellow; embolium, anal ridge, outer apical angle of corium and tip of
cuneus also yellowish; membrane a uniform translucent fuscous, feebly
iridescent, veins yellow; legs dull greenish-yellow, hind femora with two
rows of small vague brownish dots on outer face and usually a brownish
ring near apex, sometimes in great part fuscous-brown, tips of tarsi
and beak fuscous; under surface dull yellow, the pleura and side mar-
gins of ventrals more or less fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae yellow, fus-
cous near base and apex, three-fourths as long as basal width of ver-
tex; 2 yellow, the apical fourth black, three and a half times longer than
1; 3 fuscous, yellow at base, one-third longer than 4, the two united two-
thirds the length of 2. Disk of pronotum very finely rugose, with minute
punctures between the rugae. Scutellum finely transversely rugose.
Clavus and corium very finely punctate. Beak reaching hind coxae.
Length, 3.5 — 3.8 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 737

R. P. Park, Canal Point and Ft. Myers, Fla., March 4 — April
8 ; swept in some numbers from low herbage growing in moist
mucky places. Recorded also from Biscayne Bay, Fla., and
Texas. Described from Mexico and Central America. Uhler
(1894a, 193) says of it in Grenada: "It is a common species
in the Antilles and on the borders of the adjoining continent.
Many specimens were collected at light and others swept from
herbage in August." The P. clandestinus Blatch. (1926, 164)
is a synonym.

748 ( — ). Polymerus delongi Knight, 1925, 252.

Pale reddish-brown clothed with fine yellow appressed hairs inter-
mixed with paler suberect ones; vertex yellowish, tylus fuscous; prono-
tum tinged with reddish, front angles each with a round blackish spot;
lower margins of propleura pale; mesoscutum fuscous, narrowly exposed;
apex of scutellum pale; elytra yellowish tinged with reddish, inner half
of clavus pale fuscous, cuneus yellow, the inner half reddish; membrane
fuscous, the veins and margins near apex of cuneus pale; coxae and front
and middle femora yellowish tinged with reddish; hind femora dark red,
paler at base and apex; tibiae and tarsi yellowish; ventrals reddish-yel-
low, genital region darker. Joint 1 of antennae yellowish, as long as
width of vertex; 2 yellow at base, fuscous toward apex, four times as
long as 1 ; 3 dusky yellow, two-thirds the length of 2. Length, 3.2 mm.

Known only from Paradise Key, R. P. Park, Fla.

749 ( — ). Polymerus proximus Knight, 1923, 601.

Color a nearly uniform black, clothed above with yellowish and
black pubescence intermixed; scutellum narrowly pale each side of apex;
membrane and veins dark fuscous; legs and ventrals wholly black, the
latter with pale pubescence. Antennas black, brownish apically, joint 1
as long as or slightly longer than width of vertex, 2 as long as width of
pronotum at base, 3 two-fifths as long as 2. Beak barely reaching hind
margins of middle coxae. Length, 5.3 mm.

Recorded from Pennsylvania, Minnesota and Missouri.

750 (988). Polymerus unifasciatus (Fabricius), 1794, 178.

Male — Elongate, subparallel. Black with yellow markings, clothed
with fine depressed, golden yellow hairs and a few blackish suberect ones;
head yellow, vertex and tip of tylus shining brown; pronotum black, its
collar, narrow side margins, median dash and edge of hind margin, yel-
low; apex of scutellum, basal third and apex of corium, apical half or
more of embolium, anal ridge, apical third or more of front and middle
femora and all the tibiae, yellowish ; hind femora either fuscous-black
with basal half and two subapical bands dull yellow or wholly pale yel-
low; membrane fuscous, the veins and central area paler. Antennas
with joint 1 and basal third of 2 yellowish, remainder brown to blackish;
1 as long as width of vertex, 2 two and a half times as long as 1. Prono-

738 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDiE.

turn coarsely transversely wrinkled, scutellum more finely so; calli
smooth, united at middle, each with a distinct concavity. Elytra sur-
passing abdomen by more than half the length of membrane. Female —
More robust, suboval, widest across base of cuneus. Dull brownish-yel-
low with dark markings vague, sometimes only the clavus and apical half
of corium tinged with brownish. Joint 2 of antennae more slender and
one-third longer than in male. Beak reaching behind middle coxae.
Elytra sometimes abbreviated and reaching only tip of abdomen. Length,
5.4 — 6.2 mm.

Champaign, 111., June 14, at light; New Mexico (///. Nat. Hist.
Surv. Coll.). A palaearctic European species ranging in this
country from Quebec and New England west to Colorado,
North Dakota and British Columbia, and in the southwest
known from Utah and New Mexico. Breeds on the bedstraw,
Galium boreali L.

751 ( — ). Polymerus nubilipes Knight, 1925, 248.

Black, feebly shining; above clothed with silvery-gray to yellowish-
brown pubescence, intermixed with scattered suberect fuscous hairs;
legs orange-yellow, apical half of femora and basal half of tibiae heavily
tinged with fuscous, the former with an incomplete subapical pale ring;
tips of tibiae and last tarsal joint, blackish. Antennae black, brownish
apically, joint 1 as long as width of vertex, 2 equal in length to width of
base of pronotum, two and one-fourth times longer than 3; 4 one-eighth
longer than 3. Beak reaching middle of sternum. Length, 4.7 mm.

Recorded only from Greenwood, Wis., and Minnesota.

752 ( — ). Polymerus punctipes Knight, 1923, 602.

Oblong-oval. Black, scabrous, subopaque, sparsely clothed with fine
silky prostrate silvery gray pubescence; head with a small round yellow
spot each side of vertex; narrow outer edge of embolium and cuneus pale
yellow; membrane fuscous, its veins pale. Joint 1 of antennae half the
length of pronotum, black with base yellow; 2 fuscous, nearly as thick as
and three and three-fifth times the length of 1 ; 3 yellowish tinged with
dusky, one-third the length of 2; 4 fuscous, one-fifth longer than 3.
Length, 4.6 — 5.4 mm.

Starke and Marshall counties, Ind., June 11 — 18. Swept in
some numbers from herbage along the borders of lakes. Swan-
nanoa, N. Car., June 23 (Brimley). Ranges from Quebec and
New England west to Minnesota and south to Jacksonville,
Fla. Knight swept it "from scattering plants of whorled loose-
strife, Lysimachia quadrifolia L., which were growing along an
old clay roadway."

753 (— ). Polymerus fulvipes Knight, 1923, 603.

Elongate, suboval. Black, feebly shining, clothed with silken yellow
pubescence; embolium, cuneus and legs as in key; membrane dark fus-

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN.E. 739

cous, a narrow pale spot bordering tip of cuneus, veins yellowish; tarsi
and tips of tibiae fuscous; ventrals black. Joint 1 of antenna? yellowish,
with apex and pubescence black, slightly longer than width of vertex; 2
black, cylindrical, slightly narrowed at base, as thick as and three and
one-half times longer than 1; 3 fuscous, nearly one-third the length of 2;
4 blackish, one-fourth longer than 3. Beak reaching middle of sternum.
Pronotum and scutellum minutely transversely rugose. Elytra finely
scabrous. Length, 4.5 — 5.1 mm.

Ashland, Mass., June 27 (Frost). Danielson and New Haven,
Conn., June 14 — 21 (Walden). The recorded range extends
from New England west to South Dakota and south to North
Carolina.

754 ( — ). Polymerus venustus Knight, 1923, 605.

Black, opaque, minutely and sparsely pubescent, lower margin of
cheeks and basal joints of beak, red; membrane dark fuscous, its veins
paler; coxa?, basal two-thirds of femora and middle of tibiae orange-red;
tarsi yellow, their tips and claws fuscous. Antenna? with joint 1 stout,
black, four-fifths as long as greatest width of head; 2 reddish-fuscous,
more slender, two and a half times the length of 1 ; 3 dull yellow, one-
half the length of 2; 4 fuscous, subequal in length to 3. Pronotum mi-
nutely granulate, transversely finely strigose. Scutellum and elytra
scabrous. Length, 5.2 — 5.8 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 14 — 29 ; swept in some numbers from
the flowers of American germander, Teucrium canadensis L., and
lizard's tail, Saururus ceriums L., growing in low moist ground.
Wenona, N. Car., May 25 (Brimley). Recorded by Knight from
Michigan, Virginia and North Carolina. Hussey reports it as :
"Abundant, in Berrien Co., Mich., June to September, in beds
of Saururus ccrnuus growing in shady glens and marshes."

755 ( — ). Polymerus gerhardi Knight, 1923, 606.

Black, opaque, thickly clothed with prostrate silky white pubescence;
vertex with a yellowish spot each side ; membrane and veins a uniform
dark brownish-black; antennas black, the apical joints reddish to fuscous;
coxae and femora deep orange-red ; tibiae, tarsi and tips of femora black.
Joint 1 of antennae half the length of pronotum, 2 three and one-fifth
times the length of 1, 3 slightly less than half the length of 2, a little
longer than 4. Pronotum and elytra finely, irregularly rugulose, the
latter with suberect simple black hairs intermixed with the pubescence.
Length, 6.4 mm.

Hessville, Lake Co., Ind., July 1, type locality (Gerhard) ; col-
lected at light. Recorded only from there and Cotulla, Tex.

756 ( — ). Polymerus brevirostris Knight, 1925, 246.

Black, clothed with yellow silky pubescence intermixed with pale and
fuscous suberect hairs; narrow basal margin of pronotum, embolium and

740 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDvE.

usually the narrow outer edge of cuneus dull yellow; membrane black,
veins yellowish; legs orange to red, tibiae, tarsi and tips of femora black,
hind femora with a vague subapical fuscous band. Joints 1 and 2 of
antennae black, 1 as long as width of vertex, female, slightly longer, male;
2, three and four-fifth times the length of 1 ; 3 orange-yellow, fuscous
apically, two-fifths as long as 2; 4 fuscous, paler at base, one-third longer
than 3, male, one-eighth longer than 3, female. Beak scarcely reaching
hind margins of front coxae. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

The recorded range extends from Wisconsin and Manitoba
west to the Dakotas.

757 (995). Polymerus venaticus (Uhler), 1872a, 471.

Elongate-oblong. Black, finely granulose, rather thickly clothed with
very fine prostrate silky silvery-gray pubescence; vertex with a small
yellow spot near each eye; cuneus and extreme tip of embolium reddish-
yellow; membrane fuscous-brown, its veins yellowish; legs in great part
black, in female the coxae, basal half of hind and middle femora, front
femora except the upper face of apical half and joints 1 and 2 of tarsi,
yellow; coxae usually black in male. Antennae with joints 1 and 2 black,
3 and 4 dull yellow; 1 as long as head, 2 three times as long as 1, 3 and 4
subequal, together two-thirds the length of 2. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Starke, Marshall, Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., June 9
— 18 ; probably occurs throughout the State ; swept from herb-
age along the margins of marshes and lakes. Swannanoa, N.
Car., June 22 (Brimley). The coxae of male are sometimes yel-
low as in female, not always black as stated by Knight, and in
one specimen at hand the narrow edge of embolium is wholly
pale as in punctipes. The general distribution is northern, ex-
tending from Quebec and New England to the Pacific, but it
is also recorded by Van Duzee (1909, 178) from Sanford, Fla.,
under the name Polymerus americana Reut., which he regards as
a synonym. Under this name it is also recorded from Texas
and New Mexico by Uhler (1904, 357), who says: "The range
of this species is now seen to be from the uplands of Texas
and New Mexico, northwest into British Columbia and from
thence eastwardly to the Province of Quebec and Northern
Maine." Many of the early records should doubtless be re-
ferred to P. punctipes Knight.

758 (— ). Polymerus opacus Knight, 1923, 604.

Black, opaque, clothed with silvery and blackish silky pubescence;
membrane brownish-black, veins yellowish to dusky; legs black, coxae,
basal third of femora and two basal joints of tarsi, yellowish. Joints 1
and 2 of antennae black, 1 slightly longer than width of vertex; 2 three

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 741

and one-half times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, subequal, each
nearly two-fifths as long as 2. Beak reaching middle of sternum.
Length, 4.3 — 4.8 mm.

Tompkins Co., N. Y., July 3 {W olden). Recorded only from
Ontario, New England and New York. Breeds on the flat-
topped white aster, Dcellingeria umbellata (Mill.).

VIII. Dichrooscytus Fieber, 1858, 309.

Oblong or elongate, subparallel species having the head
short, twice as broad across the eyes as long, its front decliv-
ent, vertex margined at base between the eyes, without
median sulcus; antennae shorter than body, joint 1 stout, cylin-
drical, not surpassing tip of tylus, 2 more slender, not swollen
toward apex, more than three times as long as 1, 3 and 4 still
more slender, united distinctly shorter than 2, 4 about three-
fourths the length of 3 ; beak reaching or passing second ven-
tral ; pronotum short, trapezoidal, twice as wide at base as long,
collar and calli distinct; disk behind the calli convex, finely
rugose with minute punctures between the rugae, its hind mar-
gin broadly rounded ; scutellum triangular, equilateral, higher
than clavus ; mesoscutum concealed ; elytra entire, longer than
abdomen, clavus convex, deflected to corium, cuneus and mem-
brane strongly deflected ; tarsi with joints 1 and 2 subequal,
3 almost as long as the others united. Seven species have been
described from North America, four from our territory. They
occur for the most part on cedar and pine.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF DICHROOSCYTUS.

a. Larger, length 4.5 or more mm.; base of scutellum, elytra, except
embolium and inner angles of cuneus, usually deep reddish.

759. SUSPECTUS.
act. Smaller, not over 3.5 mm. ; elytra greenish or greenish-yellow, at
the most only tinged with reddish.
b. Eyes of moderate size, their long diameter not greater than width
of interocular area; elytra without a distinct fuscous cross-bar
on apical third of corium.
c. Membrane pale green ; pubescence of pronotum very fine, scarcely
visible; elytra greenish tinged with reddish. 760. elegans.

cc. Membrane fuscous ; pubescence on pronotum blackish, more con-
spicuous ; elytra bright green or greenish-yellow.

761. VIRIDICANS.

bb. Eyes very large, their long diameter distinctly greater than width
of interocular area; elytra with a distinct fuscous cross-bar on
apical third of corium. 762. maculatus.

742 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

759 (996). Dichrooscytus suspectus Reuter, 1909, 37.

Greenish-yellow; elytra usually heavily tinged with reddish, but
often fading to greenish-yellow with a faint roseate tinge; embolium and
inner basal angle of cuneus paler, subtranslucent; membrane pale trans-
lucent with a faint dusky tinge, veins reddish; upper surface thinly
clothed with fine prostrate yellowish hairs. Head scarcely one-fourth
narrower than base of pronotum, vertex very wide, with basal carina
prominent. Pronotum with calli prominent, rather widely separated.
Length, 4.8 — 5 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., May 29 (Davis). Washington, D. C, June
4 (Gerhard). Ranges from New England west to Colorado, not
recorded south of District of Columbia. Breeds on pine.

760 (997). Dichrooscytus elegans Uhler, 1904, 356.

General color pale green, fading to greenish-yellow; elytra often
strongly tinged with reddish ; cuneus pale greenish-yellow with reddish
markings ; membrane pale greenish-translucent with veins of cells red-
dish ; antenna? greenish, becoming dusky toward tip ; legs greenish-yellow,
the femora with vague reddish dots; beak and tarsal claws fuscous.
Length, 2.8—3.2 mm.

Putnam Co., Ind., July 24 — Oct. 1 ; beaten from red cedar,
Juniperus virginiana L., where it occurred in company with
Parthenicus juniperi (Heid.). Lakehurst, N. J., May 28, from
white cedar (Davis). Ranges from Ontario and New England
west to the Pacific and southwest to North Carolina and New
Mexico, occurring on cedar throughout its range.

761 ( — ). Dichrooscytus viridicans Knight, 1918b, 114.

Form and size of elegans. Differs in color as shown in key; head,
coxa? and femora often turning pale to brownish; pronotum and scutellum
often more yellowish-green ; cuneus green with margins of apical half
reddish; veins of membrane reddish or dull yellow; tip of cuneus black-
ish. Length, 3.2—3.3 mm.

New Ulm, Minn., June 20 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded only
from New Hampshire and New York. Originally described as
a color vairety of elegans and that is probably its proper status.

762 (999). Dichrooscytus maculatus Van Duzee, 1912a, 483.

Pale greenish-yellow, often with a pinkish tinge; pronotum usually
immaculate, sometimes with a fuscous blotch on basal half; elytra with
an oval spot on inner angle of clavus and a narrow transverse bar across
apical third of corium, fuscous, these markings varying in size and in-
tensity; membrane pale translucent with a dusky cloud across the apex
and apical half of cells, veins and inner apical margin of cuneus usually
reddish; under surface and legs pale greenish-yellow, apical third of
hind femora and sides of abdomen sometimes reddish-fuscous. Joints

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 743

1 and 2 of antennae greenish, 3 and 4 fuscous, 2 one-half longer than 3
and 4 united. Length, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 18 — April 23 ; taken in numbers on red
cedar, also singly at porch light (W. S. B.). Sevenoaks, Fla.,
May 1 (Van Duzee). Described from Sevenoaks and not re-
corded elsewhere. Easily known from our other species by the
very large eyes and the fuscous markings of elytra.

IX. Bolteria Uhler, 1887a, 33.

Oblong, depressed species having the head broad, its front
short, subvertical, not projected in front of eyes ; vertex short,
flat, carinate at base ; eyes very large, reniform, contiguous
with pronotum ; tylus flat, cheeks long, convex ; beak reaching
third ventral, its basal joint broad, compressed ; pronotum
three-fourths wider at base than long, almost flat, declivent
forward, calli small, widely separated; elytra entire, cuneus
with a deep notch at base of outer margin. Four species are
known, two of them from the southern states. They occur
on pine.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF BOLTERIA.

a. Joint 1 of antennae three-fourths as long as width of vertex; prono-
tum wholly pale brownish-yellow; membrane a uniform fuscous-
brown. 763. LUTEIFRONS.
aa. Joint 1 of antennae one-eighth longer than width of vertex; basal
third of pronotum piceous-brown ; membrane pale hyaline, the
apical third of cells brown. 764. semipicta.

763 ( — ). Bolteria luteifrons Knight, 1921a, 73.

Head and pronotum pale yellowish-brown, the tylus, calli and collar
somewhat darker; elytra testaceous, shining, subtranslucent; clavus and
apical third of corium heavily tinged with fuscous, minutely pale pubes-
cent; cuneus pale yellow, its apical third darker; membrane a uniform
fuscous-brown; sterna brownish, shining; ventrals yellowish with paler
pubescence. Joints 1 — 3 of antennae testaceous, 4 infuscated, 1 as in key,

2 four times longer than 1, 3 two-fifths as long as 2. Structural char-
acters as under generic heading. Length, 4.2 mm.

Known only by the single male type taken from pine by Van
Duzee, April 17, near Raleigh, N. Car.

764 ( — ). Bolteria semipicta sp. nov.

Head, collar and calli of pronotum pale reddish-brown; median third
and humeral angles of pronotum greenish-yellow; tylus and basal third
of pronotum piceous-brown; scutellum piceous-brown, apex and basal
angles paler; elytra greenish-yellow, translucent, apical two-thirds of

744 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.E.

clavus, apical fourth of corium and a blotch on basal third of latter pice-
ous; cuneus yellowish-hyaline, its extreme tip piceous; membrane as in
key; femora pale yellow, apical half of hind pair piceous; tibia? dull yel-
low; coxae and middle of under surface pale yellow, sides with a broad
piceous stripe extending from eye to apex of genital. Joints 1 — 3 of
antenna? pale yellow, 1 as in key, 2 three and two-third times as long as 1,
3 one-third the length of 2, 4 fuscous, two-fifths as long as 3. Eyes
extremely large, their long diameter more than twice the width of vertex.
Pronotum finely transversely rugose. Upper surface thickly but finely
pubescent. Length, 4.3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 23 ; one male taken at electric porch
light.

X. Adelphocoris Reuter, 1896, 168.

Elongate, subparallel, pubescent species having the head por-
rect, wider across the eyes than long, its front subvertical, ver-
tex with a short median impressed line ; eyes very large, almost
vertical ; pronotum trapezoidal, twice as wide at base as long,
its sides not carinate, hind portion convex, rugose, calli united
at middle ; scutellum large, triangular, almost flat, finely
rugose ; elytra entire, surpassing abdomen, cells of membrane
both large, nearly equal in size, their tips angularly rounded.
Two of the four North American species are known from our
territory, and a third has been taken in Iowa and is therefore
included.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ADELPHOCORIS.

a. Beak not surpassing hind coxae; cuneus in part or wholly red.
b. Second antennal in part reddish-yellow; elytra pale to dark brown
with yellowish costal area ; beak reaching onto hind coxae.

765. RAPIDUS.

bb. Second antennal black; elytra fuscous-black, the costal area red;

beak reaching apex of middle coxae. 766. superbus.

cut. Beak reaching second ventral; cuneus pale greenish-white, its apex

often piceous. 767. lineolatus.

765 (966). Adelphocoris rapidus (Say), 1832, 20; I, 339.

Head reddish-brown, tylus darker; pronotum with calli reddish-
brown, collar and basal portion of disk dull yellow, the latter with two
rather large oval dark spots, these sometimes united to form a dark
cross-bar; elytra pale to dark brown, their costal margins pale yellow,
cuneus with inner two-thirds brown, tinged with reddish, or sometimes
wholly reddish, the outer margin pale; membrane dusky, its veins darker;
femora reddish-yellow, tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, their tips darker.
Joint 1 of antennae blackish, gradually thicker from base toward apex,
three-fourths the length of pronotum; 2 two and a half times longer

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E.

745

than 1, its base and apical third blackish, remainder reddish-yellow; 3
and 4 yellowish at base, darker toward tips, united longer than 2,
4 two-fifths the length of 3. Pronotum and elytra rather thickly

clothed with prostrate yellow pu-
bescence. Length, 7 — 8 mm. (Fig.
170).

Common throughout Indi-
ana, June 5 — Oct. 16. Occurs
in summer on foliage and flow-
ers of various plants, especial-
ly those of moist localities ; in
autumn in numbers on flowers
of ironweed, goldenrod and
other Composite. Breeds on
Rumcx crispus L. and other
species of dock. Ranges from
Quebec and New England to
the Pacific, and southwest to
Texas and New Mexico, but in
the east not definitely re-
corded south of New Jersey,
though specimens are at hand
from Agricultural College,
Miss. The older records are
Fig. 170, : (After Forbes). mainly under the generic

name Calocoris. Known economically as the "cotton leaf-bug"

and said to do much damage to cotton in Texas.

766 (967). Adelphocoris superbus (Uhler), 1875, 838.

Elongate, subparallel. Upper surface dull red to scarlet, thinly
clothed with fine yellowish hairs; clavus, inner apical two-thirds of
corium and often the entire scutellum fuscous-black; cuneus usually
wholly red. Membrane dark brown, dusky-translucent toward apex; legs
dark brown to black, the coxae and basal halves of hind femora paler;
spines and tips of tibia? fuscous. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dark brown
to black, 3 and 4 reddish-brown, the base of 3 yellow. Basal two-thirds
of pronotum finely but distinctly transversely rugose. Length, 7.5 — 8 mm.

Golden, Colo., and Ormsby Co., Nev., July (Gerhard). Re-
corded from Iowa and North and South Dakota, and therefore
probably occurs in western Wisconsin and Illinois. Its recorded
range extends from the Mississippi west to the Pacific. Hussey
(1922a, 14) states that in his opinion it will prove to be but a
western form of rapidus. One of the specimens at hand bears

746 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

out this surmise, as it has a brownish cross-bar across the base
of scutellum and the middle of second antennal is faintly
reddish.

767 ( — ). Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), 1778, 267.

Elongate, subparallel, male, more oval, female. Grayish or greenish-
yellow, sparsely clothed with inclined yellow hairs ; pronotum often with
two blackish spots near basal margin; scutellum with a blackish line
each side of middle; apical half or more of inner margin of clavus, outer
edge of embolium and a triangular spot on apical third of corium, black-
ish or piceous; membrane pale hyaline, the outer margin to tip of cuneus,
fuscous, veins yellowish; legs pale brownish-yellow, femora flecked with
black spots, tibiae beset with short blackish setae, tarsi brownish-yellow,
claws brown. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae pale brownish-yellow, 1 thickly
clothed with very short inclined black hairs and with a few scattered
longer erect ones; 3 and 4 and apex of 2 reddish-brown. Pronotum
thickly and finely punctate. Scutellum finely transversely rugose.
Length, 7 — 8 mm.

Chiltern Hills, England, August (British Mits. Coll.). A palse-
arctic European species known in this country only from Cape
Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Occurs abundantly in Europe on
Chenopodium and allied wayside weeds.

XL Calocoris Fieber, 1858, 305.

Pubescent species of medium size having the head porrect,
vertex not margined, front declivent ; eyes large, emarginate
each side ; joint 1 of antennae with but few minute hairs, cylin-
drical, slightly passing tip of tylus, not or scarcely longer than
head, 2 linear, three times as long as 1, 3 slightly longer than
4 ; beak reaching second ventral ; pronotum trapezoidal, its
basal margin broadly rounded ; elytra entire, longer than abdo-
men ; hind femora not passing tip of abdomen ; first joint of
hind tarsi not or but slightly longer than second. One of the
three known North American species occurs in the eastern
states.

768 (985). Calocoris norvegicus (Gmelin), 1788, 2176.

Elongate, subparallel, male, suboval, female. Color a uniform dull
greenish-yellow, thinly clothed with inclined black and yellow hairs inter-
mixed; pronotum usually with a small dark spot behind each callus;
membrane dusky, the veins paler. Male often with a small blackish spot
on the apex of corium. Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

Staten Island, N. Y., July 17 (Davis). A palaearctic Euro-
pean species ranging in this country from Quebec and New

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 747

England west to British Columbia and southwest to New Jer-
sey. Recorded also, probably in error, from Texas. Occurs on
grasses, nettles, etc.

XII. Horcias Distant, 1884, 277.

Rather large oblong or oblong-oval glabrous shining species
having the head wider across the eyes than long, its front
strongly declivent ; eyes large, prominent, contiguous to front
margin of pronotum; joint 1 of antennae stout, about as long
as head, 2 twice as long as 1, or slightly more, gradually feebly
thickened from base to apex, 3 and 4 much more slender, sub-
equal in length; beak reaching or surpassing middle coxae;
pronotum trapezoidal, twice as wide at base as long, collar dis-
tinct, calli not prominent, basal portion convex and declivent
forward, its surface usually almost smooth or with fine im-
pressed points; scutellum nearly equilateral, slightly convex;
elytra entire, cuneus and membrane deflexed ; joints 1 and 2 of
hind tarsi subequal, 3 slightly shorter than the other two
united.

The species of this genus are extremely variable in color, no
fewer than 14 color varieties of our common species, H. dis-
locatus Say, having been named. Distant (loc. cit.) described
11 new species from Central America, basing them mainly upon
color characters alone. Two species are recognized from the
eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF HORCIAS. S1

a. Form oblong-oval ; color extremely variable, but never shining black
with scutellum wholly yellow; beak reaching hind coxae.

769. DISLOCATUS.

act. Form oblong, subparallel; color shining black, the scutellum usually
yellow; beak reaching middle coxa?. 770. fallax.

769 (1000). Horcias dislocatus (Say), 1832, 21; I, 339.

Oblong-oval. Tylus, upper half of cheeks, base of vertex, two oblong
or subquadrate spots on basal half of pronotum, scutellum except a nar-
row median line, inner half of clavus and an oblique stripe on corium,
black; membrane and apex of cuneus piceous; remainder of upper sur-
face reddish or (var. uffinis Reut.) dull yellow; under surface piceous
with a pale line on meso- and metasterna; legs and prosternum yellow,

81Uhler (1894, 263) described Pcetilocapsus marmoratus from Lower California
and mentioned "fragments of specimens from Texas and Maryland" as being in his
collection, "but not in condition for identification." Van Duzee, in his Catalogue,
places it under Horcias as Xo L003. It is described as being pale yellow irrorated
and marbled with brown, with two round brown dots behind calli of pronotum ; length
4.3 — 5 mm. As no eastern record other than that of Uhler can be found, it is not
farther considered in this work.

748 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.E.

the tarsi in part fuscous; joints 1 and 2 of antennae shining black, 3 and
4 and extreme base of 2 dull yellow to fuscous. Length, 6 — 7 mm.

St. Joseph, Marion and Vigo counties, Ind., May 10 — June
15 ; probably found throughout the State. Occurs mainly on
mullein, Verbascum thapsus L., but often swept from other plants
in or along the margins of dense woodland. Ranges from
Quebec and New England west to Wisconsin and North Dakota ;
not recorded south of New Jersey. In some specimens the
entire elytra except the costal margin and base of radial vein
are black. The form in which the pale color is dull yellow in-
stead of red was described by Reuter (1876, 74) as Poccilocap-
sus affinis. Say, in his original description, gives the color as
"pale rufous or somewhat fulvous," thus including both forms.
All of the Indiana specimens at hand with two black spots on
base of pronotum are of this paler form and according to
Knight's key of color varieties cited below, are Horcias dislocatus
affinis (Reut.). Knight (1923, 608) states that the food plants
are "false Solomon's seal, Smilacina racemosa Desf., wild cranes-
bill, Geranium maculatum L., hare figwort, Scrophularia leporella
Bick., and occasionally blue cohosh, Canloph\lhtm thalictroides
(L.)."

As already noted, the color of this Mirid is exceedingly
variable. Knight gives a key to 14 varieties, including the
typical form as above described. These color varieties have
practically the same distribution and occur on the same plants
as the typical form. As five of them are quite common and
fairly constant in hue, the following modification of his key is
given for their separation.

KEY TO FIVE COLOR VARIETIES OF HORCIAS DISLOCATUS.

a. Pronotum not wholly black.
b. Disk of pronotum red with basal half in part black, but without
spots as in typical dislocatus. 769a. goniphorus.

bb. Pronotum wholly red.

c. Elytra red or only slightly infuscated; scutellum wholly black,
rarely with a pale median line. 769b. coccineus.

cc. Elytra wholly black. 769c. RESIDUUS.

an. Pronotum wholly black.

d. Elytra with costal margin and often the base of radius pale.

769d. MARGINALIS.

dd. Elytra wholly black or with only base of radius pale; femora black,
tibiae chiefly pale. 769e. nigrita.

769a (1000b). Horcias dislocatus goniphorus (Say), 1832, 21; I, 341.
Pronotum red with yellow collar and a single black spot of variable

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINvE.

749

Fig. 171, X 6. (Original).

size on middle of its basal half; scutellum, clavus except base and inner
apical half or more of corium black; femora, coxae and usually the basal
half or more of tibia?, piceous. (Fig. 171).

St. Joseph, Marshall, Marion, Putnam and Vigo counties,

Ind., May 15— June 14. Say con-
sidered this a distinct species and
mentioned four color varieties. A
form in which the red hue is re-
placed by dull yellow is frequent
and was described by Walker
(1873, 93) as Capsus limbatellus.

769b (1000a). Horcias dislocatus
coccineus (Emmons), 1854,
pi. 30, fig. 2.
Pronotum except collar, wholly red ;
scutellum usually wholly black, some-
times with a yellow median stripe;
elytra and legs as in the typical form,
the former often with only the clavus
in part red.

Marion, Putnam, Vigo, Craw-
ford and Perry counties, Ind.,
May 16 — June 20. Often occurs in numbers on the foliage of
the great ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L., growing along margins
of streams.

769c (1000g). Horcias dislocatus residuus Van Duzee, 1912a, 484;
1916, 39.

Pronotum wholly red; elytra and scutellum uniformly black.

Known from Ohio, Indiana and Minnesota.

769d (lOOOd). Horcias dislocatus marqinalis (Reuter), 1876, 75.

Wholly piceous-black with only the narrow edge of costal margin
and sometimes the basal third of radial vein of elytra pale.

Described from New York, not recorded elsewhere.

769e (1000e). Horcias dislocatus nigrita Reuter, 1909, 41.

Black or piceous-black; face, joints 3 and 4 of antenna?, tibiae, tarsi
and beak wholly or in part paler.

Taken sparingly in Indiana as far south as Owen Co., May

17 — July 10. Occurs with the typical form throughout its

range, more often in moist places. The variety pallipcs Van D.

(1912, 484) differs only in having the legs pale. Reuter (loc.

750

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

cit.) states that nigrita and marginalis are only dark color vari-
eties of his affinis, which, as above stated, is but a pale form of

dislocatus.

770 (1002). Horcias fallax Reuter, 1909, 42.

Oblong, subparallel. Black or piceous-black; scutellum usua'.ly
wholly reddish-yellow or with only its basal angles dark, rarely wholly
dark; membrane dusky-translucent; legs and beak pale dull yellow, apical
joints of tarsi fuscous; antenna? with joint 1 and basal half of 2 reddish-
yellow, remainder fuscous-black. Joint 2 of antennae two and three-
fourth times longer than 1. Length of pronotum, about two-fifths shorter
than its basal width; its disk shallowly and sparsely punctate. Length,
5.8—6.2 mm.

Fountain, Marion and Vigo counties, Ind., scarce, June 8 —
Aug. 8. Occurs on foliage of red-bud, Cercis canadensis L. De-
scribed from Greensburg, Pa., and heretofore recorded only
from there.

XIII. Pcecilocapsus Reuter, 1876, 73.

Elongate, subparallel, shining glabrous species having the
head short, nearly twice as wide across eyes as long ; front
vertical, strongly convex ; beak slender, not reaching middle
coxse; pronotum subtrapezoidal, twice as wide at base as long,
disk with collar and calli prominent, hind portion convex, some-
what flaring, almost smooth, hind margin broadly rounded ;
scutellum triangular, equilateral, almost flat ; elytra entire, sur-
passing abdomen, constricted at base of cuneus ; hind tarsi
with joints 1 and 2 subequal, 3 longer. One species and a
variety occur in North America and our territory.

Pig 172. o, adult X 5; 6 and c, nymphs: e, eggs. (After Lugger and Slingerland) .

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^. 751

771 (1004). Pcecilocapsus lineatus (Fabricius), 1798, 541.

Elongate-subparallel, male, elongate-oval, female. Head, front por-
tion of pronotum and under surface reddish-yellow, basal half of prono-
tum greenish or lemon-yellow with four oblong black spots, the ones on
sides narrower, sometimes wanting; elytra lemon-yellow, each with two
black stripes, one submarginal, reaching cuneus, narrow at base, dilated
toward apex, the other much wider, reaching from base of clavus to
membrane; tip of tylus black; cuneus usually with a round median black
spot; membrane brownish-translucent; legs yellow, apical third of femora
with two black rings, basal third of hind tibiae usually with one. Anten-
na? shorter than body, joints 1 and 2 black, their bases pale; 1 about as
long as head, gradually slightly thickened from base to apex; 2 almost
linear, slightly swollen toward apex, nearly three times as long as 1,
thickly clothed with black bristle-like hairs; 3 and 4 fuscous, much more
slender, united slightly shorter than 2, 3 twice the length of 4. Length,
7—7.5 mm. (Fig. 172).

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 20 — July 8. Known as
the "four-lined leaf-bug," and in Indiana occurs on mullein,
thistles, vervain, etc. Recorded from Jacksonville, Atlantic
Beach and Lakeland, Fla. Ranges from Quebec and New Eng-
land west to the Dakotas and British Columbia, and southwest
to Florida, Texas and New Mexico. At times it becomes abun-
dant enough to do much damage to the foliage of currants,
dahlias, parsnips and other cultivated plants. Lintner (1882,
271) has given a full account of its life history and names 30
species of garden plants and weeds upon which it feeds.

771a (1005). Pcecilocapsus lineatus nigriger (Stal), 1862, 319.

Differs from typical lineatus only in being somewhat shorter and
more oval, usually more greenish-yellow with dark stripes of elytra
wider and a deeper black, and the spot on middle of cuneus larger and
more prominent. Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 15 — April 20. Frequent in spring on
Sid'a spinosa L. and other herbs in low moist places. This is
the form recognized by Van Duzee (1909, 178) from Florida
as the P. nigriger Stal. Of it he says: "Not uncommon at all
localities. This species has the head and anterior portion of
pronotum bright fulvous and the cuneus has a large central
black spot. Otherwise it differs little from our northern lineatus
Fabr." I consider it, as did Uhler (1884, 287), only a southern
variety or race of lineatus. It was described from Mexico and
has been recorded from California.

Division II.— CAPSARIA Douglas & Scott, 1865, 32.
The members of this division of the tribe Capsini are, for

752 FAMILY XXIX. — MIKID^E.

the most part, oval, shining species with the upper surface, or
at least the pronotum, distinctly punctate ; antennae shorter
than body and collar and calli distinct. The division is repre-
sented in the eastern states by ten genera, separated as fol-
lows:

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF CAPSAR1A.

a. Joint 2 of antennae clavate; cheeks swollen and convex; vertex
broad, foveate, distinctly transversely striate each side near eyes.

XIV. Capsus, p. 752.
aa. Joint 2 of antennas linear or nearly so.

b. Second antennal thickened, nearly as thick as basal one, not, male,
or but slightly, female, attenuate near base.
c. Second antennal about twice as long as basal one, very finely
pubescent. XV. Neocapsus, p. 753.

cc. Second antennal distinctly more than twice as long as basal one,
thickly clothed with heavy black pubescence.
d. Vertex convex, shining, its base not carinate; color in great part
red; form suboval, distinctly widened behind middle.

XVI. Coccobaphes, p. 754.
dd. Vertex more flattened, its basal margin distinctly carinate; color,
in part fuscous; body oblong, subparallel.

XVII. Lygidea, p. 755.
bb. Second antennal distinctly thinner at base than apex, always no-
ticeably thinner than basal one.
e. Pronotum in front of collar and between calli subconvex, not punc-
tured.
/. Beak reaching base of seventh ventral; front of head alutaceous,
finely transversely striate; upper surface practically glabrous.

XVIII. Platylygus, p. 757.
ff. Beak rarely passing tips of hind coxae; front of head without
striae, or if striate, the upper surface pubescent.

XIX. Lygus, p. 758.

ee. Pronotum distinctly punctate in front of collar and between calli.

g. Side margins of pronotum carinate; form more ovate.

h. Joint 1 of antennae distinctly thicker than joint 2, both joints

black; color red and black. XX. Tropidosteptes, p. 784.

hh. Joint 1 of antennae slender, scarcely as thick as joint 2 at apex,

both joints in part or wholly pale or reddish; eyes very large,

overlapping front angles of pronotum.

i. Corium smooth, opaque; vertex not margined at base; length

less than 3 mm. XXI. Cyrtocapsidea, p. 784.

ii. Corium distinctly punctate; vertex carinate at base; length 4

or more mm. XXII. Neoborus, p. 785.

gg. Side margins of pronotum not carinate; form more elongate,

sides subparallel. XXIII. Xenoborus, p. 792.

XIV. Capsus Fabricius, 1803, 241.

Short oval, rather robust species having the head porrect,
nearly twice as wide at base as long, its front subvertical and

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^. 753

vertex foveate; beak reaching hind coxae; pronotum trapezoi-
dal, one-half wider at base than long, sides straight, not cari-
nate, disk, except calli, thickly and coarsely punctate ; scutellum
triangular, almost flat, equilateral; elytra entire, surpassing
abdomen, clavus, cuneus and membrane deflexed ; hind tarsi
with joints 1 and 2 subequal, 3 almost as long as both united.
One species occurs in North America and our territory.

772 (1008). Capsus ater (Linnaeus), 1758, 447.

Oblong-oval. Male black or piceous-black, shining, sparsely clothed
with fine prostrate grayish hairs; membrane brownish-translucent. An-
tennae much shorter than body, joints 1 and 2 black, 3 and 4 fuscous, 3
pale at base; 1 as long as head; 2 strongly clavate, thickly pilose, three
times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 very slender, subequal, united one-fourth
shorter than 2. Female often with head and pronotum reddish- or
orange-yellow, var. semiflavus (Linn.). Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Marshall, Steuben and Marion counties Ind., June 11 — 18.
Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 27 (JV.S.B.). Palos Park, 111., June 22
(Gerhard). Natick, Mass., May 11 (Frost). The specimens at
hand are mostly the var. tyrannus Fabr., in which the legs are
reddish yellow, the femora with two subapical dark brown
rings and tips of tibiae fuscous. Those from Indiana were
swept from herbage in tamarack swamps or dense woodland.
It is an introduced European species, its present known range
in this country extending from Ontario and New England west
to South Dakota and Edmonton, Alberta, and south to Florida,
though Uhler (1878, 411) states that "it is found from the ex-
treme north of British America to the southern parts of the
United States." Knight states that the food plants are wire
grass, Poa comprcssa L., couch grass, Agropyron re pens (L.) and
probably other grasses. Hussey recorded it as common in the
hay fields and meadows of Berrien Co., Mich., during the
early summer. Not before definitely recorded south of New
Jersey.

XV. Neocapsus Distant, 1884, 277.

Oblong-oval, shining species closely allied to Horcias, but hav-
ing the pronotum and corium coarsely punctate ; beak reach-
ing hind coxae; second joint of antennae twice as long as first,
but not strongly swollen or pilose ; pronotum with humeral
angles obliquely rounded, the hind margin twice as wide as
apex ; tibiae strongly setose. A variety of one of the two known
species occurs in our territory.

754 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

773 ( — ). Neocapsus cuneatus leviscutatus Knight, 1925b, 79.

Shining black, subglabrous; front of head reddish, tylus in part
black; pronotum and scutellum orange-red, the former with calli, narrow
area behind collar and subbasal margin blackish; cuneus reddish-ochra-
ceous. Pronotum shallowly and sparsely punctate. Scutellum wholly
smooth. Length, 5.5 — 5.9 mm.

Recorded from Linnville Falls, N. Car., and Agricultural Col-
lege, Miss. Distinguished from typical cuneus Distant (1893,
438) only by the smooth yellow scutellum, which in that species
is black and "irregularly transversely striate."

XVI. COCCOBAPHES Uhler, 1878, 401.

Elongate-oval, widest behind middle ; head about as wide as
long, porrect, front vertical ; beak reaching hind coxse ; prono-
tum subtrapezoidal, one-half wider at base than long, sides
rounded, calli smooth and prominent, united at middle ; disk
behind them convex, densely and rather finely punctate ; scu-
tellum equilateral, feebly convex, its base broadly exposed ;
elytra entire, surpassing abdomen, cuneus acutely narrowed at
tip; joint 2 of hind tarsi longer than 1, a little shorter than 3.
One species is known.

774 (1009). COCCOBAPHES sanguinareus Uhler, 1878, 401.

Color a nearly uniform bright red, sparsely clothed with semipros-
trate yellow hairs; tylus black; clavus rarely clouded with dusky each
side of commissure; membrane translucent dusky, its veins reddish-
brown ; tibiae and tips of beak and tarsi fuscous. Joints 1 and 2 of an-
tennae black, 3 pale yellow, 4 tinged with fuscous; 1 pale at base, slightly
shorter than pronotum, feebly thickened from base to apex; 2 two and
one-half times as long as 1, linear, male, its base and apex slightly nar-
rowed, female; 3 and 4 very slender, subequal, together one-sixth shorter
than 2. Elytra finely and densely rugose-punctate. Length, 7.5 — 8 mm.

Steuben, Tippecanoe, Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., June
5 — July 24. Dunedin and Lake Okeechobee, Fla., March 2 — 23 ;
not before recorded from that State. Occurs on foliage of hard
and red maple. Ranges from Ontario and New England west
to Michigan and Iowa and south to North Carolina and Florida.
Uhler (loc. cit.) mentions a specimen from Canada as having
"the inner half of hemelytra black from behind the base of
the clavus along its whole breadth to the base of the mem-
brane." He also records it from North Carolina, which is the
only record south of New Jersey. Hussey found it common in
June and July on hard maples in the dune forests of southern
Michigan.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINiE. 755

XVII. Lygidea Reuter, 1875a, 547.

Elongate or oblong, finely pubescent species having the head
about as wide as long, porrect, its front vertical ; beak reaching
or passing the middle coxae; antenna? stout, shorter than body,
thickly pilose, joint 1 longer than head, 2 about three times
as long as 1, 3 nearly half the length of 2, 4 usually more than
half as long as 3 ; pronotum subtrapezoidal, its width of base
slightly less than twice its greatest length, sides feebly sinu-
ate, disk except calli and collar rather coarsely punctate ; scu-
tellum flat, mesoscutum but slightly exposed ; elytra oblong-
subparallel, entire, nearly flat, cuneus but slightly deflexed ;
joints 1 and 2 of hind tarsi subequal. Five of the seven known
North American species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LYGIDEA.

a. Beak scarcely reaching hind margins of middle coxae.
b. Length of first antennal not or but slightly greater than width of
vertex; pubescence of elytra dense and closely appressed; cuneus
chiefly red, upper surface of female usually in great part red.

775. ROSACEA.

bb. Length of first antennal two-fifths greater than width of vertex;

pubescence of elytra less dense, chiefly suberect; cuneus mostly

pale, red only along inner margin and apex.

c. Basal half of pronotum rugose with fine punctures between the

ruga? ; antenna? dark brown ; beak reaching behind the middle

coxa?. 776. rubecula.

cc. Basal half of pronotum coarsely punctate; antenna? in great part

black; beak not reaching hind margins of middle coxa?.

777. VIBURNI.
aa. Beak reaching between hind coxa?.

d. Color chiefly fuscous-brown to blackish, ground color pale to green-
ish, never reddish. 778. obscura.
del. Color orange-red, clavus, inner half of corium and usually the
basal margin of pronotum more or less fuscous to blackish.

779. MENDAX.

775 (1010b). Lygidea rosacea Reuter, 1909, 46.

Greenish-yellow, usually heavily tinged with reddish, the elytra
thickly pubescent with prostrate yellowish hairs; head with oblique red
lines each side of front; pronotum dull red, the collar and an oblong
median spot yellowish; scutellum red, a narrow median line and apex
yellow; elytra with clavus and apical half of corium in great part red-
dish-fuscous, embolium and basal half and narrow costal margin of both
corium and cuneus yellow; membrane dusky, its veins paler; legs green-
ish-yellow, the femora more or less reddish; joints 1 and 2 of antenna?
reddish-yellow, the apex of 2 and all of 3 and 4 fuscous. Basal half of
pronotum sparsely, coarsely, shallowly and unevenly punctate. Length,
6.5 — 6.7 mm.

756 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.E.

Chicago and Willow Springs, 111., June 4 — 30; at light and
on willow (Gerhard). Described from there by Reuter as a
variety of rubecula Uhl, and raised to specific rank by Knight
(1923, 570). Known from Illinois, Minnesota and Colorado.
Taken by Knight only on sand-bar willow, Salix longifolia Muhl.

776 (1010). Lygidea rubecula (Uhler), 1895, 37.

Dull greenish-yellow, sparsely clothed with very fine yellowish in-
clined hairs; head with tylus and usually a curved line each side of face,
dark brown; pronotum with collar ivory-white, disk greenish-yellow,
more or less tinged with reddish-brown, the basal fourth often with a
narrow fuscous cross-bar, this projected forward over the basal angles
and edged behind with paler; scutellum either yellow with sides narrowly
darker or pale brown with median line and base yellow; elytra with
clavus and inner half of corium fuscous-brown; outer half of corium
and cuneus in great part yellow; membrane with cells dusky, paler to-
ward apex, the veins yellowish; legs and under surface greenish-yellow.
Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Highlands, N. Car., July 6 (Brimley) . Described from Colo-
rado and northern Illinois and recorded from various localities
from Ontario and New England west to the Pacific, but part
of the records undoubtedly refer to rosacea, obscura and other
species.

777 ( — ). Lygidea viburni Knight, 1923, 569.

Brownish-yellow, clothed with suberect yellowish pubescence; pro-
notum with calli, basal margin each side of median line and sometimes
a ray each side of disk behind calli, dark brown to blackish; scutellum
yellowish-brown, darker each side of median line; membrane fuscous-
brown, veins and spots near apex of cuneus, paler; legs yellowish, apical
third of femora often reddish-brown; ventrals pale yellowish, upper half
of sides and genital region brownish-black. Antenna? brownish-black
basally, fuscous apically, about two-thirds the length of body, joint 1
two-thirds as long as width of vertex ; 2 three times as long as 1 ; 4 less
than half the length of 3, male, three-fifths the length of 3, female.
Length, 7 mm.

Batavia, N. Y., June 24 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded only
from Batavia, where it breeds on the nanny-berry, Viburnum
lentago L.

778 (1010c). Lygidea obscura Reuter, 1909, 46.

Ground color of male dark fuscous to black, of female yellowish to
brownish, darkened with fuscous; male with median line on front, cheeks,
median line and narrow basal margin of pronotum, side margins and
median line of apical half of scutellum, dull yellow; cuneus pale trans-
lucent, inner half reddish, apex darker; membrane blackish, veins and
spot near tip of cuneus paler; legs blackish, the coxae, basal half of

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 757

femora and middle of tibiae paler; under surface dull yellow. Antennae
dark brown, joints 2 — 4 pilose, 3 two-fifths the length of 2, 4 one-half as
long as 3. Pronotum short and broad, hind portion coarsely punctate.
Female with head yellowish, the tylus and spot each side of vertex black;
pronotum brownish, side margins broadly and a ray behind calli black,
hind femora with blackish subapical band; otherwise like male. Length,
6 mm.

Honeoye Falls, N. Y., June 27 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Known only
from there and Lake Placid, N. Y. Occurs on black willow,
Salix nigra L.

779 (1011). Lygidea mendax Reuter, 1909, 47.

Color as in key; tylus black; scutellum either wholly orange-red or
with sides darker; membrane, hind tibia? and first and second antennals
fuscous; femora and front and middle tibiae greenish; tarsi and third and
fourth antennals dusky. Pronotum densely and rather finely rugose-
punctate. Scutellum distinctly transversely striate. Clavus rugosely
punctate; corium finely and closely so. Length, 6.3 — 6.5 mm.

Knox and Daviess counties, Ind., June 19 (W.S.B.). Hen-
derson, Ky., June 11 (Marshall). Portage, N. Y., on Crataegus
(Gerhard). Yaphank, N. Y., June 26 (Davis) . Milford, Conn.,
June 4 (Porter) . Occurs mainly on apple, quince, red haw, etc.,
and in the eastern states proving a serious pest to apple. The
known range extends from New England west to Illinois and
Kentucky. The pronotum in the Indiana specimens is without
the usual blackish bar across the basal third, but this, as Reuter
states (non tamen semper) is not an essential character as one
would suppose by Knight's key (1923, 569).

XVIII. PLATYLYGUS Van Duzee, 1915, 111.

Oblong, shining species having the head half as wide as base
of pronotum, nearly horizontal, its length subequal to width
across eyes; vertex opaque, obliquely striate and with a short
median sulcus, its basal carina slightly angulate at middle;
pronotum transverse, moderately declivent, calli prominent,
contiguous; elytra entire, sides parallel or nearly so, cuneus
long, nearly horizontal; second joint of hind tarsi distinctly
shorter than first or third. "Differs from Lygidea by the longer
first joint of hind tarsi, more produced and subhorizontal head,
opaque vertex with angled basal carina, longer basal joint of
antennae, longer rostrum, more slender pronotal collar and
more irregular and distinct pronotal punctuation." (Van Duzee).

758 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

780 (1013). Platylygus luridus (Reuter), 1909, 46.

Pale brownish-yellow, the upper surface sub-glabrous, strongly
shining; collar and tip of scutellum dull yellow; elytra sub-translucent;
disk of scutellum, apex and inner half of cuneus, apical halves of femora
and ventrals often strongly tinged with reddish; membrane pale fuscous-
brown, veins yellowish. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dull yellow, 1 sur-
passing tylus by half its length, 2 scarcely thinner and two and a half
times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, distinctly thinner than and together
about two-thirds the length of 2. Length, 6.5 — 7 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., July 13 (Minn, Univ. Coll.). Recorded only
from New Hampshire and New York. Occurs on white pine.

XIX. Lygus Hahn, 1831, 147.

Oblong- or elongate-oval, usually finely pubescent species
having the head porrect, inserted in thorax to eyes ; face ver-
tical, tylus prominent, higher than cheeks, its base on a line
between the bases of antennae; vertex, except in pabulinus, with
a basal carina in front of which there is usually a subtriangular
depression ; eyes prominent, oval, their inner margins concave ;
beak reaching onto hind coxae, rarely shorter (campestris) or
longer (approximates) ; antennae shorter than body, finely pubes-
cent, joint 1 shortest, 2 longest, usually slightly thickened on
apical half, 3 and 4 much more slender ; pronotum trapezoidal,
broader at base than long, collar distinct, hind portion moder-
ately convex, sides not margined, disk punctate except on calli
and the smooth elevated area in front of them ; scutellum equi-
lateral, slightly elevated above clavus; elytra entire, passing
tip of abdomen ; cuneus oblong-triangular, rather strongly de-
flexed ; tibiae armed with spines whose length equals or sur-
passes the thickness of the tibia ; first joint of hind tarsi very
little longer than second. The genus is a very large one, about
60 species being known from North America, 39 of which occur
in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GENUS LYGUS.

a. Beak reaching fourth ventral; pronotum rather closely, finely and
shallowly punctate; collar and tip of scutellum white; male very
slender and nearly black. 781. approximate.

(in. Beak not surpassing second ventral.

b. Length of second antennal less than or scarcely equalling width of
head across eyes; basal carina of vertex very low; color yellow-
ish-brown to dark reddish-brown, darkened with fuscous.

782. RUBICUNDUS.
bh. Length of second antennal greater than width of head.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E.

759

d.

dd.

f

Second antennal distinctly shorter than width of pronotum at
base; head very broad, its width more than one-half that of pro-
notum at base.
Smaller, length not over 4.5 mm. ; general color dull greenish-
yellow. 783. FASCIATUS.
Larger, length 5.8 mm.; general color dark reddish with black
markings. 784. superiorensis.
Second antennal longer than width of pronotum at base, or if not,
then the head not conspicuously broad and length of insect
more than 4.5 mm.
Vertex with basal carina obsolete, represented by an impressed
line at middle, apparent only near eyes; color a uniform green,
or greenish-yellow fading to dull straw-yellow; membrane
with an inverted Y-shaped fuscous mark. 785. pabulinus.
Vertex with basal carina distinct; color variable.
Pronotum coarsely or at least distinctly punctate; body cover-
ing heavily chitinized ; left genital clasper of male without a
prong at middle; right clasper with a curved claw at tip
which is shorter than the greatest width of clasper (fig.
173, A).

Beak reaching to or near posterior margins of hind coxae.
Color chiefly green, often with reddish lines; tibia? pale green-
ish, not annulated near base; eyes very large, in male near-
ly twice as long as wide. 786. apicalis.
Color yellowish-brown to blackish or reddish; tibiae annulated
with darker near base.

g

h.

hh

Fig. 173. A, genital elaspers of male of Lygus pratensis (Linn.) : B, same of Lyqus
(Neolygus) communis Knight, a, left clasper, side view; b, left clasper, dorsal view;
c, right clasper, internal side view. (After Knight, Hemiptera of Connecticut).

i. Elytra blackish, irregularly mottled with small yellowish
pubescent spots; head and front part of pronotum yellowish-
green, the pronotum usually with two blackish dots or rays
behind each callus. 787. plagiatus.

it. Elytra sometimes dark, but not mottled with paler; head and
pronotum otherwise colored.
;'. Pubescence of upper surface distinct; smaller, length 4.8 — 6
mm.; color variable. 788. pratensis.

jj. Nearly glabrous, strongly shining; larger, length 6.5 — 7.5
mm. ; color greenish- or brownish-yellow, sometimes ruby-
red; pronotum with a black dot behind each callus and a
black spot near basal angles. 789. vanduzeei.

760 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

(jg. Beak not surpassing hind margins of middle coxae; scutellum
bright yellow or greenish-yellow; length less than 4.5 mm.

790. CAMPESTRIS.
//. Pronotum very finely punctate; body covering more thinly chi-
tinized and therefore more fragile; left clasper of male with
prong at middle, right clasper with an apical hook or prong,
this as long as or longer than thickest part of clasper (fig.
173, B). Subgenus Neolygus, p. 767.

781 (1029). Lygus approximatus (Stal), 1858, 185.

Male — Elongate, slender, sides subparallel. General color black;
collar and tip of scutellum white; narrow basal margin and lower mar-
gin of flanks of pronotum and inner basal angle of cuneus, dull yellow;
tips of embolium and cuneus reddish-brown ; membrane fuscous, basal
half of cells and a spot beyond apex of cuneus, pale, veins reddish; legs
yellowish to greenish, hind femora tinged with fuscous or reddish-brown;
ventrals black. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae greenish-yellow, 1 two-fifths
longer than width of vertex; 2 three and two-third times longer than 1;
3 and 4 fuscous, 3 one-half as long as 2; 4 two-thirds the length of 3
Head very long, front subvertical, basal carina of vertex prominent.
Pronotum shallowly, rather sparsely punctate. Basal half of scutellum
rather coarsely transversely rugose. Elytra minutely punctate, finely
scabrous. Female — More robust than male. Dark reddish to brownish;
tylus black; pronotum with sides and usually the basal margins fuscous
to blackish ; femora and ventrals dull yellow, tinged with reddish. Head
longer and less deflexed than in male; second antennal only three times
longer than first. Length, 4.8 — 5 mm.

Whiteface Mountain, N. Y., Aug. 22 {Minn. Univ. Coll.).
Ranges from Nova Scotia and New England west to British
Columbia and Alaska. Occurs in July and August on golden-
rod, especially on the slopes of mountains north of latitude 44° ;
also on hemlock.

782 (1037). Lygus rubicundus (Fallen), 1829, 92.

Oblong-oval, rather robust. Dark reddish-brown, rather thickly
clothed with fine silvery-gray or yellowish appressed pubescence which
on the elytra is often condensed to form small spots; head greenish-yel-
low, the tylus and some streaks on vertex reddish; basal half of prono-
tum usually blotched with fuscous, this often in the form of four to six
short, broad stripes, the edge of hind margin pale yellow; scutellum more
or less tinged with fuscous, a vague median line paler, the extreme tip
ivory-white; apical half of corium and sometimes the clavus usually
heavily tinged with fuscous; cuneus and basal half of embolium yellow-
ish-translucent, edges and tip of cuneus often reddish ; membrane dusky,
the cells darker, veins yellowish; antennae reddish-brown, apical third of
joint 2 fuscous; legs reddish-brown, apical third of femora with two
dark rin^s; under surface usually fuscous, the prosternum, middle of
ventrals 1 — 4, a stripe along sides and spiracles pale, sometimes, espe-
cially in females, with under surface and legs wholly reddish-brown.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINiE. 761

Head short and broad. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae short and stout; 1
slightly shorter than width of vertex, 2 nearly three times as long as 1,
3 and 4 slender, subequal in length, united one-fifth shorter than 2. Beak
reaching base of hind coxae. Pronotum nearly twice as wide at base as
long, disk, except calli, also the scutellum, finely transversely rugose,
shallowly punctate between the rugae. Elytra finely and closely punctate.
Length, 4.7 — 5.2 mm.

Marshall and Marion counties, Ind., June 24 — Sept. 28; fre-
quent on weeds and willows along the banks of White River
(II '. S. B.) . Washington, D. C, and Columbus, Ohio, July (Ger-
hard) . Bloomsburg, Pa., and Fairfax Co., Va., June — September
(Davis). A European species ranging in this country from
Ontario and New England west to the Pacific and southwest to
Georgia and Texas. Uhler (1892, 183) redescribed it as Had-
rodema pulverulenta and stated that it often occurred in gardens
on the blossoms of privet, Ligustrum vulgare L. Knight found
it breeding in June near Batavia, N. Y., on the peach-leaved
willow, Salix amygdaloides Anders, and also in scattering num-
bers on other willows.

783 (1023). Lygus fasciatus Reuter, 1876, 72.

Oblong-oval. Dull greenish-yellow, rather thickly clothed with semi-
prostrate fine yellowish hairs; scutellum reddish, the median line and tip
usually paler, sometimes green or yellow with only a few red dots on
sides (var. viridiusculus Knight) ; inner half of clavus and inner apical
angles of corium reddish-piceous ; membrane dusky marbled with paler ;
legs pale yellow, hind femora with apical half reddish, a narrow preapical
ring and knees pale, basal fifth of tibiae usually red. Head very broad
with eyes large, overlapping front angles of pronotum as in Dichrooscy-
tus. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae greenish-yellow, the latter more than
three times as long as 1, its apex blackish, 3 dusky, paler at base, 4 fus-
cous, one-half as long as 3. Pronotum and scutellum finely transversely
strigose, with minute punctures between the strigae. Elytra finely, dense-
ly, evenly punctate. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Mineral Springs, Lake Co., Ind., Oct. 2 (Gerhard). Sanford,
Dunedin, Ft. Myers, Miami, R. P. Park and Istokpoga, Fla.,
Nov. 19 — April 23 (W. S. B.). Common about Dunedin in late
autumn and early spring both on the mainland and Hog Island ;
occurring on low herbage in waste moist places, on the foliage
of the groundsell tree, Baccharis halimifolia L., and at porch
light. Described from South Carolina and ranges from New
England and New York southwest to Florida, Texas and the
West Indies. The Lygus olivaceus Reut. (1907b, 6), described
from Jamaica, is a synonym, probably based on the female of
fasciatus and the previous Florida records have been under that

762 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

name. Knight records it as breeding on the button-bush, Cepha-
lanthns occidentalis L. Among the 42 specimens at hand there
are all gradations between typical fasciatus and the so-called
var. viridiusculus Knight (1917, 600).

784 ( — ). Lygus superiorensis Knight, 1917, 572.

Oblong-oval. Head black, curved basal carina of vertex pale, lorae
and tylus dark red; disk of pronotum reddish, sides reddish-brown, calli
black, inner half of each with a reddish spot; scutellum reddish-black, tip
pale; elytra dark reddish translucent, tips of embolium and cuneus and
spot on latter near embolium blackish; membrane pale hyaline, apical
half of cells brownish, veins reddish; femora reddish-brown, twice an-
nulate with blackish near tips; tibia? reddish-brown, tips, spines and spot
near knees darker; tarsi reddish-brown, tips blackish; sternum black,
opaque; ventrals dark reddish. Beak reaching third ventral. Second
antennal two-thirds longer than width of head across eyes. Pronotum
finely punctate, strongly shining. Scutellum coarsely punctate, trans-
versely rugose. Upper surface sub-glabrous. Length, 5.8 mm.

Known from a single male taken at Sault Sainte Marie, Mich.

785 (1014). Lygus pabulinus (Linnaeus), 1761, 253.

Elongate-oval. Color as in key, sparsely clothed with minute in-
clined brownish hairs; membrane pale translucent, usually (var. signifer
Reut.) with a fuscous mark in apical third of the large cell and a V-
shaped mark beyond it, the two forming a crude inverted Y ; spines of
tibia? and tips of tarsi fuscous. Head relatively small and pointed, ver-
tex convex, shining. Antenna? with joint 1 and basal half of 2 greenish,
remainder fuscous; 1 two-thirds the length of pronotum, 2 more than
three times the length of 1, 3 nearly two-thirds the length of 2, one-third
longer than 4. Pronotum very finely and densely rugose-punctate.
Scutellum minutely transversely strigose. Elytra with minute rather
sparse, shallow punctures. Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., June 5 — Sept. 1 ; in the
former swept from its host plant, the jewel-weed or touch-me-
not, Impatiens biflora Walt., growing along the margins of White
River. A palsearctic European species ranging in this country
from Quebec and New England west to Michigan, British
Columbia and Alaska, and southwest to the mountains of North
Carolina. The membrane is sometimes wholly pale with veins
green. Easily known by the lack of basal carina of vertex and
uniform green color.

786 (1024). Lygus apicalis Fieber, 1861, 275.

Elongate-oblong, male, more oval, female. Color pale green fading
to greenish-yellow, very sparsely clothed with minute yellow hairs ;
scutellum, clavus and corium often with a few scattered fuscous or

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 763

brownish lines or spots; membrane pale translucent with a vague fus-
cous spot in the apical third of each ceil and two or three others behind
the cells; tips of cuneus, beak and tarsi fuscous; antennae reddish-yellow,
the apex of 2 and joints 3 and 4 fuscous; legs greenish-yellow, the apical
third of hind femora with faint reddish or fuscous i\ngs or blotches;
under surface greenish, often with narrow reddish or fuscous lines on
sides. Beak reaching first ventral. Joint 1 of antennas slightly less
than two-thirds the length of pronotum, 2 four times the length of 1, 3
one-half the length of 2, one-third longer than 4. Pronotum with calli
indistinct, disk behind them finely rugosely minuteiy punctate. Scutellum
minutely transversely strigose. Elytra very finely, thickly and shallowly
punctate. Length, 4.8 — 5.2 mm.

This is the most common Mirid in southern Florida, both on
mainland and islands, hibernating beneath boards and other
cover and in fall and spring swept from flowers and herbage
along roadsides and borders of marshes. At R. P. Park it was
frequent in December on weeds along the borders of tomato
fields, and in March on herbage along the borders of the ever-
glades. Fully one-fourth of the specimens taken from golden-
rod and other flowers in spring are very prettily marked with
red, the extremes having four stripes on pronotum, a broad
stripe enclosing a yellow spot each side of scutellum, a stripe on
sides of ventrals, some lines on front and middle femora and
two bars on hind femora of the red hue. It is a cosmopolitan
species, ranging in this country from New England southwest
in the coast-wise states to Florida and Texas. Recorded also
from Missouri, California and the West Indies. Breeds on the
horse-weed, Leptilon canadense (L.). According to Knight the
L. prasinus Reut. (1876, 72) was based on green forms of L.
apicalis, while the American records of the European species, L.
contaminatus .(Fall.) and L. lucorum (Meyer), should also be
referred to apicalis.

787 (1035). Lygus plagiatus Uhler, 1895, 35.

Oblong-oval. Fuscous or greenish-black; head dark greenish-yellow,
the vertex often with a median black stripe; pronotum glabrous, green-
ish-yellow, usually with a dot on each callus, a dot or ray behind it, and
the hind margin and posterior angles, blackish, sometimes the whole disk
blackish; scutellum either black with two discal spots and tip yellow or
yellow with base, two median lines and side margins black; clavus and
corium with numerous small yellowish pubescent spots and dots; cuneus
yellowish-translucent, the inner basal angles and tip black; membrane
with cells black, remainder dusky, veins paler; legs greenish-yellow,
femora annulate on apical third with dark rings; tibiae with spines, a
ring near base and tips fuscous: tips of tarsi and beak blackish. Joint 1

764

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID/E.

of antennae brownish-black, but little longer than width of vertex; 2 three
times as long as 1, greenish-yellow, its extreme base and apical fourth
blackish; 3 fuscous, paler at base, nearly twice as long as 1 ; 4 fuscous,
slightly shorter than 3. Pronotum, except calli, coarsely and evenly
punctate. Scutellum strongly transversely strigose. Clavus rugosely
punctate, corium densely granulate-punctate. Female usually paler than
male with second antennal about one-eighth shorter. Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Marion, Vigo and Knox counties, Ind., June 13 — Oct. 17 ;
common in autumn on flowers of goldenrod and ragweed, one
on the later date beneath a log. Natick, Mass., June 5 (Frost).
Ranges from Quebec and New England west to Missouri and
California. Not recorded in the east south of the District of
Columbia. Breeds on the great ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L.

788 (1031). Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus), 1758, 448.

Oblong-oval. General color dull reddish or brownish-yellow marked
with blackish ; head glabrous with three or four dark reddish or piceous

stripes; pronotum almost glabrous,
the collar, narrow edge of all the
margins, median line and two ab-
breviated stripes each side pale
greenish-yellow, a submarginal line
and four stripes alternating with
the yellow ones, blackish; scutellum
blackish with a Y-shaped mark, in-
cluding apex, yellowish - white;
elytra finely pubescent, clavus and
corium usually reddish-brown, the
former with a fuscous blotch at
middle, the latter with apical third
more or less fuscous, claval vein
and embolium pale yellow; cuneus
yellowish - translucent, the inner
basal angle and apex reddish, ex-
treme tip piceous; membrane dusky
with faint white blotches, cells
darker, veins paler; femora red-
dish-brown, spotted or annulate
with paler; tibia? greenish or red-
dish-yellow, their tips and a ring
near base darker; tips of tarsi and
beak piceous; ventrals blackish
with a pale stripe along sides. An-
tennae blackish, joint 2 usually with
a pale ring at basal fourth; joint
1 slightly longer than width of vertex, 2 nearly three times longer than
1, 3 three-fifths the length of 2, one-sixth longer than 4. Disk of prono-
tum behind calli, coarsely, deeply and unevenly punctate. Clavus rather

Pig. 17 1. I.iniiis iirulnisis I..

I itter \v,-iss i.

X L 0 .

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN>E. 765

coarsely rugose-punctate; corium more finely and densely so. Length,
5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 174).

This species, known as the "tarnished plant-bug," is in late
summer and autumn the most common Mirid throughout In-
diana, and in late spring and early summer is exceeded in num-
bers only by the "meadow plant-bug," Miris dolobrata (L.). The
adults hibernate beneath rubbish and have been taken on the
wing as early as April 2. In summer and fall they occur by
hundreds on weeds and grasses along roadsides, borders of
fields and all waste places, in late autumn being especially
abundant on the white-heath aster, Aster erkoides L., in old
fallow fields. It is a palsearctic species, ranging over all of
Canada and the United States and southward into Mexico. A
full account of its life history, food habits, etc., is given by
Crosby & Leonard (1914).

A half dozen or more color varieties of L. pratensis have been
named. The one above described is the Capsus oblineatus of Say
(1832, 21; I, 340), considered a synonym of pratensis by Van
Duzee and other authors, but raised to varietal rank by Knight
(1917, 564). Three other color varieties which Knight recog-
nizes as occurring in the eastern states he separates by the
following key :

KEY TO COLOR VARIETIES OF LYGUS PRATENSIS L.

a. Chiefly blackish, but streaked with yellowish; head blackish, but with

four longitudinal yellowish marks on front.

788a. var. strigulatus.

b. Color chiefly bright red, pronotum with a black spot behind each

callus; scutellum pale, middle of base and often a line each side
red. 788b. var. rubidus.

c. Hemelytra pale, apical area of corium bright red ; scutellum yellow,

marked with black only at middle of base.

788c. var. rubrosignatus.

788a ( — ). Lygus pratensis strigulatus Walker, 1873, 94.

Form and size of pratensis. Upper surface mainly piceous-black;
head with pale lines as in key; yellow lines of pronotum very narrow;
scutellum black with two spots and apex yellow; elytra dark reddish-
brown and fuscous without pale markings ; basal three-fourths of second
antennal reddish-brown.

This variety occurs throughout Indiana with the one previ-
ously described, but is less common. A specimen from Swan-
nanoa, N. Car., was received from Brimley, and its range in
this country is probably the same as that of the typical form.

766 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

788b ( — ). Lygus pratensis rubidus Knight, 1917, 565.

General color as in key; joints 1 and 2 of antennae red, apex of 2
and all of 3 and 4 fuscous; cuneus margined with red, pale at middle;
tibiae pale reddish-yellow, spines black. Length, 5.5 mm.

Kawishiwi River, Minn., Aug. 28 {Minn. Univ. Coll.). Re-
corded elsewhere only from Maine, New Hampshire and Mas-
sachusetts. The variety rubrosignatus, as distinguished in key,
is known only from Massachusetts.

789 (— ). Lygus vanduzeei Knight, 1917, 565.

Elongate-oval, large and robust for the genus. Greenish-yellow to
reddish-brown; head usually unicolorous, sometimes with red or brown
lines; pronotum marked with black as in key, sometimes with two dots
behind each callus and rarely with dark stripes on disk; scutellum with
tip and an oblique spot each side of basal half yellow, sometimes wholly
pale yellow; corium often with a fuscous bar across apical third, the
anal ridges yellowish; embolium in great part pale, its entire outer edge
blackish; claval vein and cuneus yellowish, the latter with extreme base
and tip reddish-brown; membrane pale translucent with a slight dusky
tinge, sometimes largely fuscous-brown, veins yellowish or reddish; legs
greenish-yellow, more or less tinged or dotted with brownish or reddish,
the basal halves of hind femora reddish or blackish; under surface green-
ish-yellow, the ventrals more or less clouded with reddish or brownish,
and usually with a stripe of similar hue along their sides. Joint 1 of
antennae reddish-brown to piceous, one-half the length of pronotum; 2
bright reddish-brown, the apical third piceous, four-fifths as long as
basal width of pronotum; 3 and 4 dark brown to fuscous, united slightly
longer than 2. Pronotum, except calli, coarsely, sparsely and irregularly
punctate. Scutellum transversely rugose. Elytra rather coarsely and
closely punctate. Length, 6.5 — 7.5 mm.

Kenosha, Wis. (Gerhard). Linville Falls, Swannanoa and
Craggy Mts., N. Car., June to September (Brimley). Oliverea,
N. Y., Sept. 10 (Davis) . The known range is northern, extend-
ing from Nova Scotia and New England west to North Dakota
and southwest to the mountains of North Carolina. Knight
says that in New York it breeds on the Canada goldenrod,
Solidago canadensis L., the adults hibernating and appearing on
the tender goldenrod plants during May. "The eggs are doubt-
less stuck in the tender stems, where the nymphs appear and
feed during July. Most of the adults mature by the middle of
August and continue to feed on the host plant until the cool
September nights cause them to seek hibernation quarters."
A slightly smaller form (6.6 mm.), bright ruby-red in color,
the pronotum and antennae marked with blackish as in typical
vanduzeei, was named var. rubroclarus by Knight (1917, 567).

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^. 787

It occurs in Nova Scotia, Quebec, New England and New York.
Part of the North Carolina specimens at hand are intermediate
in color between the two forms.

790 (1036). Lygus campestris (Linnaeus), 1758, 448.

Oblong-oval. Greenish-brown or brownish-yellow thinly clothed with
rather long yellowish prostrate hairs; head dull yellow; apical half of
tylus and lower half of cheeks often fuscous ; pronotum with a transvei'se
spot behind calli, a round one on basal angles and a sub-basal cross-bar
fuscous, these markings often obsolete; elytra dull straw-yellow to fus-
cous-brown, clavus and inner apical third of corium usually darker;
embolium pale yellow, its outer edge darker; cuneus dull yellow, the apex
and inner basal angle fuscous; membrane pale translucent with a faint
dusky tinge; legs greenish-yellow, the apical third of hind femora vaguely
annulate with darker; tibial spines and tips of beak and tarsi piceous.
Joint 1 of antennae yellow or brown, its length less than width of vertex,
remaining joints dark brown, 2 three and a third times the length of 1,
3 less than half the length of 2, slightly longer than 4. Pronotum, except
calli, finely, closely but distinctly punctate. Scutellum vaguely trans-
versely rugulose. Clavus coarsely, closely punctate, corium more finely
and shallowly so. Length, 4 — 4.2 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., May 1 — Oct. 6; swept
from its host plants, the poison hemlock, Conicum inoculation L.,
and other Umbelliferse. Palisades, N. J., and Batavia, N. Y.,
July — August (Davis). A European species, ranging in this
country from Newfoundland and New England west to Alaska
and the Pacific. Not recorded in the east south of the Dis-
trict of Columbia. Injurious at times to celery. Van Duzee
says that near Buffalo, N. Y. : "It is common May to August,
on flowers of Umbelliferse. It may frequently be found in win-
ter hibernating beneath loose bark of elm and other trees ; the
scutellum is then often a bright clear green." The Orthops
scutellatus Uhler (1877, 420) is a synonym.

Subgenus Neolygus Knight, 1917, 561.

The species belonging to this group or subgenus are oblong-
or elongate-oval, with the integument or body covering more
flimsy or delicate in character than in those preceding; prono-
tum usually much more finely transversely rugose, often almost
indistinctly punctate ; scutellum almost always finely trans-
versely strigose without evident punctures. The principal
character used by Knight in separating them was, however,
that pertaining to the genital claspers of male as set forth in
the key, p. 760, and shown in fig. 173, B. As the number of

768 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID/E.

known eastern species in the subgenus is 29, they are, for con-
venience, separated into three groups.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF SUBGENUS NEOLYGUS.

a. Pronotal disk greenish or yellowish to brownish and (except in males
of tilise and hirticulus) without distinct dark spots or rays.
b. "Color of upper surface chiefly greenish, often fading to greenish-
yellow; sometimes darkened on clavus and apical third of corium,
but the ground color green. Group I, p. 768.

bb. Color distinctly yellowish or brownish, more brownish than green.

Group II, p. 771.
act. Pronotal disk blackish or marked with dark rays. Group III, p. 778.

Group I. — Subgenus Neolygus.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP I, SUBGENUS NEOLYGUS.

a. Tibial spines with fuscous spots at base.

b. Corium with fuscous spot on inner apical angle; clavus greenish-

yellow, more brownish near scutellum and suture.

791. CONFUSUS.
bb. Corium never infuscated but with dilute bronze on inner half;
clavus and basal half of pronotum distinctly bronzed. 792. alni.
u<t. Tibial spines without fuscous spots at base.

c. Upper surface uniformly greenish; extreme inner apical angle of

corium with a fuscous mark; basal area of membrane with a
transverse fuscous bar; length, 5.2 — 5.7 mm. 793. neglectus.
cc. Upper surface green, but apical third of corium and usually the
clavus in part distinctly brownish or reddish-brown, sometimes
dark brown or fuscous.
d. Apical half of membrane with a median longitudinal line or ray,
this often widened apically; inner apical third of corium with
a triangular dark brownish spot; clavus usually in part brown-
ish; length, 5.6 — 6 mm. 794. belfragii.
dd. Membrane never with longitudinal fuscous ray as above; smaller,
length not more than 5.5 mm.
e. Second antennal with apical one-fifth or more fuscous; general
color pale greenish-yellow or yellowish-brown; clavus and dark
spot on apical half of corium brownish-black; femora greenish-
yellow, the apical third of hind ones banded with fuscous.

795. CANADENSIS.

ee. Second antennal never distinctly fuscous near apex.

/. Scutellum darkened with fuscous; clavus more or less fuscous;
corium with a triangular dark patch before apex; females
with dark markings much reduced ; length, 4.6 — 5 mm.

796. tili^).
//. Scutellum pale yellow; clavus with inner half dark brown; mem-
brane with apical half pale, but with submarginal fuscous
spot each side of middle and a third near tip of cuneus.

797. INCONSPICUUS.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^. 769

791 ( — ). Lygus confusus Knight, 1917, 606.

General color greenish-yellow, the basal third of pronotum and sides
of scutellum yellowish-brown; inner half of clavus brownish, inner apical
angles of corium with a fuscous spot, cuneus translucent; membrane fus-
cous, veins and basal half of cells paler; legs greenish-yellow, hind
femora with minute fuscous dots on lower side and two vague subapical
fuscous rings above; fuscous spots at base of tibial spines prominent.
Joints 1 and 2 of antennae greenish-yellow to brownish, 1 two-thirds as
long as pronotum, 2 three and one-third times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4
pale fuscous, 3 slightly more than half the length of 2, one-half longer
than 4. Beak reaching first ventral. Length, 4.3 — 5.3 mm.

Recorded only from Maine, New Hampshire and New York.

792 (— ). Lygus alni Knight, 1917, 607.

Bright green fading to yellowish, with bronze markings as in key;
scutellum dark green with a tinge of bronze; membrane pale brown,
apical third of cells and spot near apex of cuneus darker; legs greenish,
tips of tibia? and tarsi yellowish-brown, very small spots at base of tibial
spines fuscous; under surface green to yellowish-green. Joints 1 and 2
of antenna? wholly yellowish, 1 twice as long as width of vertex, 2 three
and one-fifth times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4, pale fuscous, 3 one-half as long
as 2, 4 three-fourths the length of 3. Beak reaching tips of hind coxa?.
Length, 5.5 — 5.7 mm.

Beaver Bay, Minn., Aug. 20 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded
from Nova Scotia, New Hampshire and New York. Breeds on
the hoary alder, Alnus incana Willd. Reuter's New England
records (1909, 42) of the European L. viridis (Fall.) were
based on specimens of this form. Cabinet specimens fade to
pale brownish-yellow and resemble closely those of L. fagi.

793 ( — ). Lygus neglectus Knight, 1917, 619.

Bright green or yellowish-green; head, calli and under surface yel-
low; membrane pale hyaline, its base clouded with fuscous; legs green-
ish-yellow, tibia? green with dull yellow spines, the hind pair somewhat
curved. Joint 1 of antenna? greenish-yellow, male, bright green, female,
as long as pronotum; 2 greenish-yellow, brownish at tip, three times as
long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dark brownish, 3 one-half the length of 2, twice as
long as 4. Beak reaching middle of hind coxa?. Length, 5.2 — 5.6 mm.

Recorded from Massachusetts, Alabama and Louisiana.
Breeds on the water beech, Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Resembles
L, pabulinus (Linn.), but shorter, broader and with a distinct
basal carina on vertex.

794 (1018). Lygus belfragii Reuter, 1876, 71.

Greenish or greenish-yellow, fading in great part to greenish- or
pale straw-yellow, thinly clothed with fine prostrate yellowish hairs ; head
and pronotum unicolorous, or the basal half of latter sometimes lightly

770 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.E.

tinged with bronze; scutellum pale greenish-yellow; corium and mem-
brane with fuscous-brown as in key, each cell of latter with a small apical
fuscous spot; clavus often with a vague brown blotch along the base of
commissure; embolium and cuneus wholly pale translucent yellow; legs
and under surface a uniform pale greenish or straw-yellow. Antennae
in great part straw-yellow, very finely pubescent, joints 3 and 4 dusky;
joint 1 about two-thirds the length of width of head across eyes; 2 usually
fuscous toward apex, three and a third times the length of 1 ; 3 one-half
the length of 2; 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Basal half of vertex with a
short median sulcus. Pronotum and scutellum, finely transversely
rugose, without visible punctures. Elytra finely and closely punctate.
Length, 5.6 — 6 mm.

Batavia, N. Y., July 31 (Gerhard) . Known from Ontario and
New England west to Pennsylvania. "In western New York
it breeds abundantly on mountain maple, Acer spicatum Lam.,
and to some extent on dockmakie, Viburnum acerifolium L., and
alternate-leaved dogwood, Cornus alternifolia L. It is also fre-
quently attracted to the flowers of poison hemlock, Conium
maeulatum L., for feeding, and in this way 58 specimens were
taken on July 31." {Knight).

795 ( — ). Lygus canadensis Knight, 1917, 634.

Color as in key, basal third of pronotum and margins of scutellum
sometimes brownish; embolium pale yellowish; membrane fuscous, base
of cells and small area near tip of cuneus paler; legs and ventrals yel-
lowish to yellowish-brown, tips of tarsi fuscous. Antennae dull yellow;
joint 1 two-thirds as long as pronotum; 2 three times the length of 1 ; 3
and 4 tinged with fuscous, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, one-half longer than
4. Beak reaching between hind coxae. Elytra finely and closely punctate.
Length, 5.4 — 5.6 mm.

Recorded from Parry Sound, Ontario ; New York, New Jersey
and Wisconsin. A color variety, having a blackish ray behind
each callus, was named binotatus by Knight.

796 (— ). Lygus tili^e Knight, 1917, 613.

Greenish-yellow, rather thickly pubescent with appressed yellowish
hairs. Male with basal portion of pronotum, scutellum and clavus almost
wholly, and inner half of apical third of corium, dark fuscous-brown;
female with pronotum wholly pale, dark markings of scutellum and clavus
usually vague and dark blotch of corium paler and reduced in size;
embolium and cuneus yellowish-translucent; membrane with base and
cells dusky, paler toward apex; legs and under surface greenish-yellow,
ventrals of male with a dusky tinge. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae greenish-
yellow; 1 three-fifths the length of pronotum; 2 slightly more than three
times the length of 1 ; 3 dusky toward apex, more than half the length
of 2; 4 wholly fuscous, two-thirds the length of 3. Basal half of vertex
with a short median groove. Sculpture of pronotum, scutellum and elytra
as in belfragii. Length, 4.6 — 5 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 771

Portage, N. Y., June 27 (Davis and Gerhard). The known
range extends from Ontario and New England west to south-
ern Michigan. Knight states that it breeds abundantly on the
linden, Tilia americana L., the young hatching with the unfold-
ing of the leaves and maturing in late June. The females de-
posit their eggs in the twigs during July and disappear by the
end of that month. Adults are frequently attracted to the
flowers of the smooth sumac, Rhus glabra L. It probably occurs
in those parts of Indiana where the linden grows. A variety
heterophyllus, uniform pale green in hue, the female with shorter
beak, has been named by Knight (1918c, 44). It is known
from Georgia and Mississippi, where it occurs on the silver-
leaf linden, Tilia heterophylla Vent.

797 ( — ). Lygus inconspicuus Knight, 1917, 612.

Pale green, fading to greenish-yellow, thinly clothed with fine yel-
lowish pubescence; clavus with a vague pale brownish to fuscous blotch
along its inner half, this reaching only to base of commissure; inner
apical third of corium in great part fuscous or brownish, this hue some-
times extending to outer margin of embolium, thus forming a more or
less complete dark cross-bar; membrane pale translucent, tips of cells
and two spots behind them pale fuscous; legs green, spines of tibiae and
tips of tarsi and beak brownish. Joint 1 of antennae green, one-third
longer than width of vertex; 2 green, dusky near tip, its length equal
to width of base of pronotum; 3 and 4 fuscous, 4 about two-thirds the
length of 3. Head very short, face nearly vertical. Beak reaching first
ventral. Pronotum minutely rugosely shallowly punctate ; calli scarcely
evident. Elytra finely scabrous. Length, 4.5 — 5.2 mm.

Marion, Putnam and Orange counties, Ind., May 30 — June 3 ;
swept from herbage in dense woodlands (W. S.B.). Willow
Springs, 111., July 3 (Gerhard). The known range extends from
Connecticut west to Indiana and southwest to Georgia. Breeds
on wild grape.

Group II. — Subgenus Neolygus.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP II, SUBGENUS NEOLYGUS.

a. Beak scarcely reaching tips of middle coxae; color rich yellowish*
brown, slightly darker on clavus and apically on corium.

b. Second antennal yellowish, infuscated at apex, its length greater

than width of pronotum at base. 798. viburni.

bb. Second antennal not fuscous at apex, its length less than width of
pronotum at base. 799. NYSS.«.

aa. Beak reaching beyond tips of middle coxa?.

c. Tylus with apical half black; two bands on apical third of hind

femora, sides of body and head in part, reddish.

800. ATRITYLUS.

772 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

cc. Tylus not black, or if so, then body and bands on femora not reddish.
d. Hind femora not distinctly biannulated with dark and pale near
apex; second antennal rarely fuscous near tip, if so the annuli
on femora indistinct.
e. Scutellum infuscated and with a pale median line on apical half;
upper surface dark greenish-brown to blackish; ventral sur-
face with a lateral dark fuscous stripe its full length; femora
dark, the knees paler. 801. invitus.

ee. Scutellum sometimes dark, but without pale median line.

/. Elytra either uniformly reddish-brown, rich brown or fulvo-

aeneous, or pale brown flecked with yellowish.
g. Joint 3 of antennas more than one-half the length of 2 ; color
above and beneath not pale brown flecked with yellowish.
h. Elytra and femora yellowish-bronzed in both sexes; membrane
distinctly infuscated. 802. fagi.

hh. Elytra and femora brownish-yellow to blackish, male, uni-
formly rich brownish, female; membrane of female a uni-
form yellowish, of male, usually infuscated.

803. HIRTICULUS.

gg. Joint 3 of antenna? only one-fourth the length of 2; color above
and beneath pale brown flecked with pale yellow.

804. IRRORATUS.
ff. Elytra not colored as in /, the clavus in part and apical half
of corium darker than scutellum and basal half of corium.
i. Second antennal fuscous toward apex; clavus and apical fourth
or more of corium dark brownish; embolium, outer basal
half of corium and cuneus pale translucent; length, 6 — 6.5
mm. 805. ostry^e.

ii. Second antennal uniformly colored, never fuscous toward apex.
j. Length of second antennal scarcely exceeding width of prono-
tum at base; beak scarcely reaching tips of hind coxae;
elytra yellowish-brown to greenish-yellow, an apical spot
on corium, inner margin of clavus and commissure dark
brown to blackish. 806. clavigenitalis.

jj. Length of second antennal much exceeding width of pronotum
at base; beak reaching onto first ventral; clavus and corium
in part dark brownish. 807. geneseensis.

dd. Hind femora distinctly biannulated with dark and pale near apex;
second antennal fuscous toward apex.
k. Femora and usually the sides of under surface, distinctly reddish;
apical third of hind femora annulated with pale and dark red-
dish; pronotal disk rarely wholly blackish. 808. quercalb;e.
kk. Femora and sides of under surface dark brown to fuscous; apical
third of hind femora annulate with dark fuscous.

809. OMNIVAGUS.

798 (— ). Lygus viburni Knight, 1917, 609.

Brownish-yellow, thinly clothed with short fine prostrate yellow
hairs; entire clavus and apical third of corium a darker brown; sides of
pronotum, entire scutellum, cuneus and basal two-thirds of embolium,

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^). 773

pale yellowish; membrane fuscous-brown, the veins scarcely paler; legs
pale brownish-yellow, the apical third of femora with two darker rings,
tips of beak and tarsi piceous-brown; under surface straw-yellow, the
genital segment and a stripe on sides of ventrals dark brown, male,
wholly pale with ventrals only tinged with darker, female. Joint 1 of
antenna? yellowish, three-fifths as long as pronotum; 2 as in key, three
and a half times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous-brown, 3 half the length
of 2, 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Pronotum, except the inconspicuous calli,
finely, shallowly, rugosely punctate. Scutellum minutely transversely
strigose. Clavus and corium finely scabrous or granulate-punctate.
Length, 5.2 — 5.8 mm.

Batavia, N. Y., June 15 — 20 (Gerhard and Davis). Recorded
only from Vermont, Connecticut and New York. "Breeds on
the nanny-berry, Viburnum lentago L., the adults being most
common on the old plants. The nymphs hatch with the unfold-
ing of the leaves and continue to feed on the tender foliage.
Close to geneseensis; differs in male claspers, in being more
robust, in shorter beak, in apical half of second antennal being
infuscated and having in general a richer yellowish-brown
color." (Knight).

799 (— ). Lygus nyss^ Knight, 1918c, 43.

Pronotum and scutellum yellowish-brown; clavus and apical half
of corium darker brown, thickly clothed with yellowish pubescence;
embolium and narrow outer margin of corium pale yellowish; membrane
fuscous, paler near cuneus, veins brownish; legs a nearly uniform straw-
yellow, femora often tinged with reddish; ventrals yellowish, sides and
genital region slightly darker. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? yellowish, 1
one-half as long as pronotum, 2 three times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 fus-
cous-brown, 3 slightly more than one-half as long as 2, twice as long as 4.
Length, 5.4 — 5.6 mm.

Lyme, Conn., June 16 (Walden) . Recorded only from that
State and Alabama. Breeds on sour gum, Nyssa aquatica L.

800 ( — ). Lygus atritylus Knight, 1917, 606.

Greenish-yellow to brownish, thinly clothed with very fine prostrate
yellowish hairs; head pale brownish-yellow, shining, flecked with reddish
spots and dashes ; pronotum, scutellum and elytra greenish or pale brown-
ish-yellow, more or less tinged or spotted with reddish, inner half of
clavus and apical fourth of corium often in part pale fuscous; embolium,
cuneus and outer half of corium pale translucent; membrane tinged with
dusky, often with a blackish inverted Y at base, usually with pale sub-
marginal spots at middle; legs and under surface greenish-yellow, femora
flecked with reddish spots, tibial spines arising from fuscous spots as in
L. alni; sides of ventrals with a reddish stripe. Joints 1 and 2 of anten-
na? pale brownish-yellow, joint 1 nearly one-third longer than width of
vertex, 2 three and a third times longer than 1; 3 and 4 in great part

774 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDjE.

fuscous, 3 almost three-fifths the length of 2, 4 two-thirds as long as 3.
Beak reaching base of first ventral. Pronotum and elytra minutely in-
distinctly punctate. Length, 5.2 — 5.4 mm.

Wanakena, N. Y., July 15 (Gerhard) . Known from New Eng-
land, New York and Colorado. Drake (1923, 74) records it as
very common on willow in moist shady situations in the Cran-
berry Lake region of New York.

801 (1020). Lygus invitus (Say), 1832, 24; I, 345.

Dark greenish or reddish-brown to blackish, thinly clothed with fine
prostrate yellow hairs ; pronotum often with sides more or less fuscous-
brown, disk with a greenish-yellow median line, this sometimes entire,
more distinct in the darker males; clavus and apical two-thirds of
corium usually darker than pronotum; basal half of embolium and entire
cuneus pale translucent yellow; membrane fuscous with ill defined paler
spots toward apex; legs greenish-yellow, the apical half or more of hind
femora darker; tips of tarsi and beak piceous; under surface dull green-
ish-yellow, the sides with a broad fuscous stripe reaching from hind mar-
gin of propleura to genital plate. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae greenish-
or brownish-yellow, 2 tinged with dusky toward apex, more than three
times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 wholly fuscous, united equal in length to
2, 4 three-fifths the length of 3. Pronotum with calli evident, but not
prominent, smooth, shining, disk behind them finely strigose with mi-
nute punctures between the strigae. Elytra scabrous and very finely
punctate. Length, 5 — 5.7 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 4 — 30, swept from foliage of poison
ivy and elm. Described by Say from Indiana. Its recorded
range extends from Quebec and New England west to North
Dakota and southwest to Kansas and New Mexico, but some
of the western records are doubtless to be referred to other
species. Knight states that invitus breeds mainly on elm, pre-
ferring always the young thrifty plants with succulent
shoots. The nymphs are pale greenish, hatching soon after the
leaves appear in spring from eggs that were inserted in the
twigs the previous July. The adults all disappear by the first
of August.

802 (— ). Lygus fagi Knight, 1917, 603.

Color a nearly uniform pale brownish-yellow, strongly shining, thinly
clothed with fine prostrate yellowish hairs; clavus a slightly darker
shade of pale brown; entire corium and cuneus a pale translucent yellow;
membrane with a dusky tinge, the veins paler; tips of beak and tarsi
fuscous. Beak reaching base of first ventral. Antenna? pale yellowish-
brown, the apical joints faintly tinged with fuscous; joint 1 as long as
head, 2 three times as long as 1, 3 three-fifths the length of 2, 4 two-
thirds as long as 3. Pronotum, except calli, finely closely but distinctly

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINiE. 775

punctate; calli small, scarcely evident. Scutellum finely transversely
rugose. Elytra scabrous or minutely strigose-punctate. Length, 4.6 —
4.8 mm.

Steuben County, Ind., June 15 ; swept from herbage in a
tamarack swamp (W.S.B.). Rock City, N. Y., July 4 (Davis
and Gerhard) . Ashland, Mass., May 2 (Frost). Known hereto-
fore only from New England and New York. Breeds on beech
and yellow birch, Betula lutea Michx. It is said to prefer cool
shady locations, the eggs hatching in early spring, the adults
maturing in late June and disappearing by Aug. 1. This
species resembles hirticulus closely, but is somewhat smaller,
with general color paler, the male no darker than the female
and membrane more uniformly dusky.

803 (1019). Lygus hirticulus Van Duzee, 1916, 41.

Head and pronotum usually uniformly dull greenish-yellow or pale
reddish-brown, in some males in part or almost wholly fuscous-black;
elytra and membrane as in key, cuneus pale translucent to brownish;
legs greenish-yellow or pale straw-yellow; under surface of the same
hue, the sides often with a vague reddish stripe. Antennae greenish-
yellow, faintly tinged with dusky toward apex, joint 1 two-thirds the
length of pronotum, 2 three and a half times the length of 1, 3 and 4
united slightly shorter than 2, 4 two-thirds the length of 3. Pronotum
with disk, except calli, finely rugose-punctate. Scutellum and clavus
finely transversely strigose. Corium minutely scabrous. Length, 4.8 —
5.5 mm. (Fig. 186, b) .

Marion Co., Ind., May 31 — July 14 ; beaten from foliage of
maple. Ranges from Maine and Massachusetts west to Michi-
gan and Indiana. Recorded also by Van Duzee from Crescent
City and Sevenoaks, Fla. Knight has reared specimens from
chestnut, beech and woodbine.

804 ( — ). Lygus irroratus sp. nov.

Elongate-oval. Pale brown, flecked above with numerous scattered
spots of pale yellow, more thickly beneath with smaller spots of the
same hue, the pale spots less evident on clavus and corium than on other
parts above; membrane pale hyaline, veins yellowish; legs pale yellow,
both femora and tibiae vaguely marked with small brown spots. Joint 1
of antennae yellow with three or four reddish-brown dots, three-fourths
as long as width of vertex; 2 dull yellow, four and a half times as long
as 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky, 3 one-fourth the length of 2, 4 two-thirds as long
as 3. Upper surface thinly clothed with fine inclined yellowish hairs.
Beak reaching hind coxae. Pronotum twice as wide at base as at apex,
hind portion rather strongly convex, thickly and finely transversely
strigose with minute punctures between the strigae; hind margin broadly
rounded. Scutellum similarly strigose. Clavus and corium finely and
shallowly rugose-punctate. Length, 3.8 mm.

776 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

R. P. Park, Fla., March 17 ; one female swept from roadside
herbage. Differs from all our other species in the peculiar
mottling of both upper and lower surfaces and in the short
third and fourth antennals.

805 < — ). .Lygus ostry^e Knight, 1917, 635.

Pale brownish-yellow, thinly clothed with fine prostrate yellowish
hairs; clavus and a bar across apical fourth of corium a darker brown;
membrane with base and cells in great part fuscous, apical portion dusky;
legs and under surface greenish-yellow, a stripe on sides of ventrals,
tips of beak and tarsi and sometimes two bands on apical third of hind
femora, darker. Antenna? very slender, joint 1 and basal two-thirds of
2 pale straw-yellow, apical third of 2 fuscous, 3 and 4 dusky yellow; 1
three-fourths as long as width of head across eyes, 2 three times as long
as 1, 3 nearly one-half the length of 2, 4 three-fifths the length of 3.
Pronotum and scutellum finely transversely rugose, the former with the
punctures between the rugae scarcely evident. Elytra finely scabrous.
Males with two unusually large upturned prongs of the left genital
clasper. Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Parry Sound, Ontario, and Portage, N. Y., June 27 — Aug. 7.
(Paris and Gerhard). Known only from Ontario, New England
and New York. Breeds on the hop hornbeam, Ostrya virginiana
(Mill.).

806 ( — ). Lygus clavigenitalis Knight, 1917, 632.

Pronotum yellowish-brown, paler on sides; scutellum yellowish, the
margins brownish; color of elytra as in key; embolium and cuneus pale
yellowish translucent, more or less tinged with green ; membrane fus-
cous-brown, veins and a vague spot near tip of cuneus paler; legs and
under surface yellowish or greenish, hind femora often tinged with
brown. Joint 1 of antenna? straw-yellow, one-third as long as width of
base of pronotum; 2 yellowish-brown, as long as pronotum; 3 and 4
pale fuscous, 3 nearly two-thirds as long as 2, 4 two-thirds the length
of 3. Vertex with basal carina prominent. Pronotum shallowly and
finely punctate. Length, 4.8 — 5.1 mm.

Litchfield, Conn., July 22 (Walden). Recorded only from
New England and Maryland. Occurs at times on Alnus rugosa
(DuRoi) . "The females are likely to be confused with those of
tiluc and inconspicuus, but tiliee is more green, particularly the
pronotum, and the scutellum is darkened with fuscous ; incon-
spicuus is more greenish with fuscous marks on clavus and apex
of corium more in contrast." (Knight) .

807 (— ). Lygus geneseensis Knight, 1917, 609.

Dull greenish to straw-yellow, thickly clothed with conspicuous sub-
prostrate yellowish pubescence; clavus and inner half of corium dark
brownish, outer half of corium greenish-yellow tinged with brownish;

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^. 777

embolium and cuneus pale translucent yellow; membrane dusky trans-
lucent, with some vague spots across the middle darker; legs pale straw-
yellow; under surface pale brown. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae wholly
yellowish, 3 and 4 tinged with fuscous; 1 nearly three-fourths as long
as width of head across eyes, 2 three times as long as 1, 3 three-fifths
as long as 2, 4 three-fifths the length of 3. Pronotum relatively short
and wide, nearly twice as wide at base as long, finely rugose-punctate.
Elytra finely scabrous. Length, 5 mm.

Portage, N. Y., June 22 (Gerhard). Long Island, N. Y., June
27 (Davis). Ranges from Massachusetts west to Missouri.
Breeds on white oak, Quants alba Linn.

808 ( — ). Lygus quercalb^e Knight, 1917, 624.

Pale reddish-brown or brownish-yellow thinly clothed with prostrate
yellowish hairs ; head usually with a series of oblique transverse reddish
lines each side of front and vertex; calli and basal half of pronotal disk
often more or less tinged with fuscous; scutellum pale straw-yellow, the
sides slightly darker; clavus and apical half of corium dark brown, the
brown of the latter often forming a bar reaching across the embolium,
this sometimes with outer portion reddish; cuneus pale translucent, the
tips often reddish; membrane pale fuscous, paler on middle of sides,
veins yellowish or reddish; legs pale yellow, femora marked with red-
dish, hind ones with apical two-thirds in great part reddish to fuscous;
ventrals greenish-yellow with a pale stripe on sides bounded within by
fuscous, without by reddish. Antennae with joint 1 and basal two-thirds
of 2 straw-yellow, apical third of 2 and all of 3 and 4 tinged with fus-
cous ; 1 two-thirds as long as width of head across eyes, 2 three times
the length of 1, 3 nearly half the length of 2, 4 half as long as 3. Pro-
notum finely closely and shallowly rugose-punctate. Eytra finely scabrous.
Length, 5.7 — 6.2 mm.

Lake and Marion counties, Ind., May 24 — Aug. 14 ; beaten
from white oak (W.S.B.). Glen Ellyn and Willow Springs,
111., May 30— June 10 (Gerhard). Pine Island, N. Y., June 19
(Davis). The known range extends from Massachusetts and
Connecticut west to Wisconsin and south to Virginia. Breeds
on white oak, usually in some abundance, and its distribution
is probably much more extensive than at present recorded.
Knight states that in New York the nymphs hatch with the
bursting of the oak buds, and feed thereafter on the tender
foliage. The adults mature in early June and deposit their eggs
in the twigs of the host plant, where they remain over winter.

809 ( — ). Lygus omnivagus Knight, 1917, 627.

Very similar in form, size and color to quercalbee. Differs in lacking
the red markings of head, embolium, legs and under surface; membrane
pale hyaline, apical half of cells, and three spots toward apex fuscous;
hind femora with apical third fuscous-brown ; ventrals with a vague

778 family xxix. — mirim:.

dark brown stripe along sides and with pale pubescence prominent.
Joints 3 and 4 of antennae each about one-fourth longer than in quer-
calbw, 3 being more than half the length of 2, and 4 three-fifths as long
as 3. "Genital claspers of male very distinctive, the broad upcurved
sinistral clasper extending beyond the tip of body and easily seen with-
out a lens." Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 18 — April 27, adults and nymphs beat-
en from wild cherry; the first record for the State (IV. S. B.).
Long Island, N. Y., June 26 (Davis) . Glen Ellyn, 111., June 19 ;
Pentwater, Mich., July 14 (Gerhard) . Ranges from Ontario and
New England west to Michigan and Illinois and southwest to
North Carolina and Florida. Breeds on several species of oak,
also on dogwood, chestnut and maple-leaved arrow-wood. Of
the female of omnivagus Knight says: "Usually paler than the
male, more yellowish-brown ; never with reddish as in quercalbce,
nor with fuscous marks on the pronotum as in semivittatus or in
carycr var. sitbfitscus; very similar to canadensis, but that species
has the apical one-third of antennal segment ii more distinctly
black, the fuscous spot on apex of corium smaller and not in-
vading the pale embolium."

Group III. — Subgenus Neolygus.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP III, SUBGENUS NEOLYGUS.

a. Disk of pronotum blackish, rarely with distinct rays; hind femora
blackish with pale rings near apex; elytra, except cuneus, black-
ish, the costal margin scarcely paler; cuneus pale translucent, its
apex fuscous. 810. cary^e.

act. Disk of pronotum with distinct dark rays or spots behind the calli.
b. Hind femora with two blackish or pale rings on apical third.
c. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? black; embolium, outer half of corium
and cuneus pale translucent. 811. johnsoni.

cc. Joint 1 of antenna? pale or only slightly brownish; apical portion
of embolium and outer half of corium usually darkened, if not,
then joint 1 of antenna? distinctly pale.
d. Sides of body, and usually the hind femora, distinctly reddish.

812. COMMUNIS.
dd. Sides of body and femora not reddish.

e. First and second antennals yellowish; clavus, apical half of
corium and embolium blackish. 813. parrotti.

ee. Second antennal distinctly fuscous toward apex; head and legs
usually slightly tinged with reddish; calli and a widening ray
behind each callus blackish. 814. parshleyi.

bb. Hind femora with apical half brownish to black but without dis-
tinct rings, the apex or knees only pale.
/. Scutellum greenish-yellow with median line fuscous or reddish;
apex and inner margins of cuneus, femoi'a and more or less of
sides of ventrals reddish. 815. univittatus.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^S. 779

ff. Scutellum without a darker median line.
g. Disk of pronotum with a small fuscous mark behind each callus;
ventrals fuscous-brown, a lateral pale stripe dividing the dark

color. 816. SEMIVITTATUS.

gg. Disk of pronotum with a distinct black ray or spot behind each

callus; sides of ventrals without a pale stripe.

h. Disk of pronotum with a black stripe covering outer half of each

callus and extending back to basal margin; general color pale

yellowish, clavus, apical fourth of corium and embolium black.

817. VITTICOLLIS.
hh. Disk of pronotum with the black stripes behind the calli not
reaching basal margin.
i. Pronotal disk with a conspicuous nearly square black spot be-
hind each callus; ground color yellowish-brown, hind femora
except tips, blackish. 818. atrinotatus.

ii. Pronotal disk with a conspicuous black stripe behind each callus,
this broadening toward base; ground color yellowish-brown
with fuscous more or less tinged with pinkish; hind femora
reddish-brown with vague pale rings near tips.

819. laurel.

810 (— ). Lygus cary^: Knight, 1917, 615.

Male — Elongate-oblong, sides subparallel. Color above, except
head, cuneus and membrane, a nearly uniform fuscous-black, rather
thickly clothed with prostrate yellow hairs; head dull yellow with fuscous
markings; basal angles of scutellum, embolium and sometimes a vague
stripe along corium, yellowish heavily tinged with dusky; cuneus pale
yellowish, its tip and inner basal angle fuscous; membrane dark fuscous;
veins slightly paler; legs greenish-yellow, the apical halves of hind
femora fuscous-brown, middle femora with two vague subapical dark
rings; tip of beak and tarsi and spines of tibia? fuscous. Female — Larger
and more oval. Dark fuscous-brown; head, pronotum except calli, middle
of scutellum, embolium and basal half of corium in great part, dull
yellow; cuneus, membrane and legs as in male; under surface dull yellow
with a broad fuscous stripe along the sides. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae
fuscous-brown, the incisures pale; 1 two-thirds as long as width of head
across eyes; 2 three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, 3 one-half
the length of 2, 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Pronotum finely and closely
rugose-punctate. Elytra finely scabrous or granulate-punctate. Length,
5 — 5.8 mm.

Marion and Posey counties, Ind., May 11 — June 19; beaten
from hickory {IV. S. B.). Conesus Lake, N. Y., and Glen Ellyn,
111., June {Gerhard). Staten Island, N. Y., June 6 (Davis). The
known range extends from New England and New York west
to Wisconsin and southwest to Mississippi. Breeds on hickory,
walnut and pecan. A var. subfuscus Knight has the scutellum,
basal half of corium and embolium paler. Specimens of this,
taken on pecan May 11, at Millbrook, N. Car., were received
from Brimley.

780 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID>£.

811 ( — ). Lygus johnsoni Knight, 1917, 629.

Elongate, subparallel, male, more oval, female. Dull greenish-yellow,
sparsely clothed with short prostrate yellowish hairs; tylus black, its
base and cheeks brownish; basal half of calli and a short broad ray
behind them, inner half of clavus, claval suture and an elongate wedge
along middle of corium, fuscous-brown; membrane with cells fuscous,
the base and apical half paler; legs greenish-yellow; under surface
greenish-yellow, its sides with a broad black stripe their full length;
apical halves of tarsi and tip of beak blackish. Joints 1 and 2 of an-
tenna? black, the former often paler at base, 3 and 4 pale fuscous; 1
slightly more than two-thirds as long as width of head across eyes, 2
three times the length of 1, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, 4 two-thirds the
length of 3. Pronotum, except calli, and scutellum finely transversely
rugose, the former with punctures scarcely evident. Elytra finely and
evenly scabrous. Length, 5.7 — 6 mm.

Marshall Co., Ind., June 25 (W. S. B.). McLean and Ithaca,
N. Y., June 20 — July 27 {Davis and Gerhard). Recorded only
from Vermont, Connecticut and New York. Knight found it
breeding in New York on the hornbeam or water beech, Carpinus
caroliniana Walt., the eggs being deposited in late July in the
soft punky stubs of old dead limbs.

812 (1020y2). Lygus communis Knight, 1916, 346.

Pale brownish- or dull greenish-yellow with darker brown or fuscous
markings, thinly clothed with fine appressed grayish hairs; apical half
of tylus brown, front of head more or less reddish; pronotum with a
blackish stripe beginning at the outer margin of each callus, prolonged
backward and gradually evanescent before reaching hind margin, the
disk between the stripes usually tinged with fuscous ; apical fourth of
corium with an ill defined dark brown to fuscous bar crossing tip of
embolium; cuneus yellowish-translucent; membrane with basal half fus-
cous, apical half dusky with a large pale submarginal spot enclosing a
dusky one; legs brownish-yellow, more or less tinged with reddish, the
apical third of hind femora reddish with two vague pale rings ; under
surface greenish-yellow, the sides with a broad reddish stripe extending
their full length, and in male covering the genital plate. Antennae with
basal joint brownish-yellow, remainder darker brown to fuscous; joint
1 one-third longer than width of vertex, 2 three and one-half times the
length of 1, 3 one-half as long as 2, 4 slightly longer than 3. Vertex
without impressed line near base. Pronotum with calli prominent, disk
transversely rugose, its punctures fine, indistinct. Elytra finely scabrous.
Male genitalia as in fig. 173, B. Length, 5.5 — 5.8 mm.

Batavia, N. Y., August (Gerhard). Known as the "false
tarnished plant bug." Ranges from New England west to
Michigan, Colorado and British Columbia, and south to Vir-
ginia. Breeds on cultivated pear, often doing much damage to

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 781

both foliage and fruit ; also on dogwood, and occurs on prickly
ash.82 A pale slender form, which preys upon apples in Nova
Scotia, Knight (1916, 349) named var. novdscotiensis.

813 ( — ). Lygus parrotti Knight, 1919, 21.

General color yellowish to brownish; pronotum with a fuscous-
brown ray behind each callus; elytra with dark markings as in key,
cuneus yellowish-hyaline; membrane fuscous, veins and basal half of
cells paler; legs dull yellow, apical half of hind femora fuscous with
two pale rings; ventrals yellowish, sides and genital region fuscous.
Joints 1 and 2 of antennae straw-yellow, 1 two-thirds as long as pro-
notum, 2 three and one-third times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 pale fuscous,
3 nearly three-fifths the length of 2, 4 as long as 1. Beak reaching base
of hind coxae. Length, 5.1 mm.

Recorded only from Geneva, N. Y., where it breeds on J'ibur-

814 ( — ). Lygus parshleyi Knight, 1917, 611.

General color yellowish-brown; head with cheeks, lorae and apical
half of tylus darker; pronotum with dark markings as in key, the rays
behind calli sometimes merging on base, leaving only the center of disk
pale; scutellum darker on sides; clavus and apical two-thirds of corium
and embolium dark brown; cuneus pale yellowish-translucent; mem-
brane pale fuscous, sides of veins, basal half of cells and spot near tip
of cuneus pale; legs as in communis; ventrals dull yellow, sides and
genital area dark brown. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae yellowish-brown,
apex of 2 blackish; 1 one-third longer than width of vertex, 2 nearly
three times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 three-fifths the length of 2,
4 nearly three-fourths as long as 3. Beak reaching between hind coxae.
Length, 4.8 — 5 mm.

The typical form is recorded only from Maine and New
Hampshire. Examples of a var. shermani Knight, taken at
Highlands, N. Car., July 6, were received from Brimley. It is
known only from that State, is more brownish than black, with
dark rays on pronotum ; second antennal shorter, wholly dark
brown to blackish or with basal half pale. Length, 5.6 — 6 mm.

815 ( — ). Lygus univittatus Knight, 1917, 623.

Dull greenish- or brownish-yellow, more or less marked with reddish
and fuscous, sparsely clothed with yellow pubescence; head greenish-
yellow flecked with numerous reddish points or dots; pronotum with
blackish rays evanescent behind ; elytra greenish-yellow, tinged with
reddish, clavus along the commissure and apical third of corium dark
brown to fuscous, embolium greenish-yellow tinged with reddish; mem-
brane with cells fuscous, veins pale, apical half dusky; legs greenish-
yellow, femora heavily tinged with reddish-fuscous, tibiae more lightly

R:For a full account of its life history and destructive habits see Bull. 368,
Geneva, N. Y. Agr. Exp. Station, 363 — 384.

782 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDjE.

so; beak with reddish lines, its tip and apical half of tarsi fuscous; under
surface in great part reddish-fuscous, the median portion greenish-yel-
low. Joint 1 of antennae blackish- or reddish-brown, paler at base,
slightly longer than width of vertex; 2 reddish-brown, darker at base
and apex, three and one-fifth times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3
three-fifths the length of 2, one-third longer than 4. Beak reaching sec-
ond ventral. Pronotum finely rugose with minute punctures between
the rugae. Elytra finely and densely granulate-punctate. Length 5.5 —
5.8 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., June 25 {Gerhard). Recorded only from that
State. Breeds on the red haw (Cratcegus). "Resembles laurece in
coloration, but smaller; similar in size to large forms of quer-
calbce but darker colored and with more reddish." {Knight).

816 ( — ). Lygus semivittatus Knight, 1917, 626.

Elongate-oval. Head and pronotum yellowish-brown, apex of tylus
and spot behind each callus fuscous; scutellum with sides darker than
disk; elytra dark brown to fuscous, basal half of embolium and outer
adjacent half of corium yellowish, cuneus pale yellowish; membrane fus-
cous, the veins and central area paler; legs greenish-yellow, hind fem-
ora brown with traces of darker rings near apex. Antenna? yellow-
ish-brown, tinged with fuscous apically, joint 1 two-fifths as long
as pronotum, 2 three and one-fourth times longer than 1, 3 nearly three-
fifths as long as 2, twice the length of 4. Length 5.3 — 5.5 mm.

Recorded from New York and Virginia. Breeds on white oak.

817 (1021). Lygus vitticollis Reuter, 1876, 71.

Elongate, subparallel. Dull straw-yellow, sparsely pubescent with
very fine appressed yellow hairs; pronotum with blackish stripes as in
key; corium with a piceous spot on apex, this usually prolonged obliquely
forward to cover apical third of embolium, cuneus pale translucent yel-
low; membrane in great part fuscous; legs straw-yellow, the apical half
of hind femora dark brown. Antennae dull yellow, the tip of joint 2,
apical half of 3 and all of 4, fuscous; joint 1 two-thirds the length of pro-
notum, 2 slightly more than three times the length of 1, 3 three-fifths the
length of 2, nearly twice as long as 4. Pronotum, except calli, very finely
strigose. Elytra finely scabrous. Length, 5.8 — 6.2 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., May 19 — July 21 ; beaten
from red haw {Cratagus) and maple. The recorded range ex-
tends from Ontario and New England west to Iowa, and south-
west to Texas, the types being labeled from the latter State.
Breeds on maple, passing the winter in the egg stage on the
host plant. The nymphs are pale whitish in hue, as are also
the adults when freshly emerged.

818 (— ). Lygus atrinotatus Knight, 1917, 617.

Elongate-oval. Color as in key; scutellum pale yellowish, side mar-
gins narrowly black; clavus black with narrow percurrent yellowish

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSI1NLE. 783

line, corium with apical half blackish, inner margin of basal half often
brownish, embolium yellowish, apical third blackish, cuneus pale yellow-
ish-translucent; membrane dark fuscous, basal half of cells, sides of
veins and spot near cuneus paler; legs greenish-yellow, hind femora in
part blackish; ventrals brownish-yellow, with narrow blackish line on
sides. Joint 1 of antennas yellowish-brown, two-thirds as long as pro-
notum; 2 black, narrowly pale at base, three times as long as 1; 3 and 4
blackish, 3 about three-fifths as long as 2, 4 two-thirds the length of 3.
Beak reaching hind margins of middle coxae. Length 4.7 — 5.5 mm.

Recorded from Pennsylvania, District of Columbia and North
Carolina.

819 (— ). Lygus laurel Knight, 1917, 636.

Elongate-oval. Dull brownish- or greenish-yellow, thinly clothed
with yellowish pubescence; head brownish-yellow, usually with reddish
lines or dots, the vertex often with two short dark stripes; pronotum
with blackish stripes as in key; elytra usually with inner half of clavus
and apical third of corium blackish-fuscous, cuneus and basal two-thirds
of corium and embolium greenish-yellow; membrane with base and cells
fuscous, veins paler, apical half dusky with a pale spot each side; legs
greenish-yellow more or less reddish at base, hind femora as in key;
under surface fuscous-brown, the sides usually tinged with reddish, es-
pecially so in female. Joint 1 of antennae brownish-yellow, its length
two-thirds the width of head across eyes; 2 blackish, paler at extreme
base, three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 three-fifths as long as
2, 4 three-fifths the length of 3. Disk of pronotum, except calli, finely
transversely rugose with minute punctures between the ruga?; elytra
finely, densely shallowly punctate. Length 5.7 — 6.5 mm.

Rock City, N. Y., July 4 (Gerhard). West Point, N. Y., June
15 (Davis). Black Mts. and Swannanoa, N. Car., July (Brim-
Icy). The known range extends from New York southwest to
North Carolina. Breeds on mountain laurel, Kalmia hit if alia L.
Of it Knight says: "The eggs are doubtless deposited in the
twigs of laurel during July and hatch in the following spring
with the unfolding of the leaves. This most unusual and in-
teresting species will doubtless be found breeding on laurel
throughout the Appalachian region."

In addition to the eastern species of Lygus above treated,
there is one described by Reuter which is at present unknown.
A translation of his Latin description is therefore given as
follows :

— (1022). Lygus caroling Reuter, 1876, 71.

"Oblong-ovate, greenish, minutely punctured above, pale pubescent;
antennae testaceous, fuscous toward apex, second segment longer than the
width of the pronotum at base; scutellum with two longitudinal fuscous

784 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDJE.

stripes; hemelytra immaculate, cuneus with the base fuscous, its apex
broadly black; abdomen black above; apices of the femora annulated
with fuscous, apices of the tarsi black; tibiae impunctate-testaceous; mem-
brane marked with fuscous, veins greenish. Length, 5.3 mm."

Described from "Carolinam." Recorded from Brownsville
and Galveston, Tex.', by Snow (1906, 152).

XX. Tropidosteptes Uhler, 1878, 404.

Elongate-oval, shining, subglabrous species having the head
short, porrect, face vertical, vertex convex, its basal margin
carinate; eyes small, reniform, compressed; beak reaching
middle coxae; antennae rather stout, shorter than body; pro-
notum subtrapezoidal, strongly narrowed from base to apex,
sides straight, their margins carinate, calli smooth, prominent,
disk coarsely punctate both between and in front of them, its
hind portion convex, somewhat flaring, coarsely and unevenly
punctate, the hind angles and basal margin broadly rounded;
scutellum equilateral, convex, coarsely rugose-punctate; elytra
entire, cuneus and membrane deflexed, the fracture prominent ;
hind tarsi with joints 1 and 2 subequal, united equal to 3. One
of the two known North American species occurs in the eastern
states.

820 (1039). Tropidosteptes cardinalis Uhler, 1878, 404.

Elongate-oval, broadest across apex of commissure. Bright red
fading to brick-red, sometimes to dull greenish-yellow; antennae, tylus,
legs in great part, apical half of clavus and inner half of apical third
of corium, blackish; membrane fuscous; front and middle femora with a
pale ring near apex; prosternum, basal half of tarsi and coxa? dull yel-
low; tips of tarsi and beak fuscous; ventrals in part dusky, sparsely
clothed with yellow hairs. Joint 1 of antennae stoutest, glabrous, sub-
equal in length to width of vertex; 2 sparsely pilose, twice as long as
1 ; 3 and 4 very slender, pilose, united two-thirds the length of 2, 4 one-
half the length of 3. Length, 5.5—6 mm.

Marion, Putnam and Crawford counties, Ind., May 10 —
Aug. 14; beaten from foliage of ash. Milford, Conn., June 12
(Porter) . Ranges from New England west to Michigan and
Illinois and southwest to Jacksonville, Fla. Breeds on ash. For
an account of its life history see Psyche, XXIII, 1916, pp. 1 — 3.

XXI. Cyrtocapsidea Reuter, 1905a, 25.

Small oval species having the head wider across eyes than
apex of pronotum, its front subvertical, rather acutely pro-

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSINjE. 785

duced below the eyes ; vertex in male much narrower than eyes,
its base not carinate; pronotum trapezoidal, its apex only one-
third the width of base, disk finely, densely and evenly punctate,
its hind portion strongly convex, declivent forward, collar nar-
row but distinct, side margins obtusely carinate, calli small,
the areas in front of and between them finely punctate, hind
margin broadly rounded ; scutellum convex, as long as commis-
sure, obtusely carinate at middle, distinctly punctate; elytra
entire, smooth, opaque, slightly surpassing abdomen, clavus
and cuneus both strongly declivent. Three neotropical species
are known, one from our territory.

821 ( — ). Cyrtocapsidea variegata sp. nov.

Short, oval. Head brown, both it and front half of pronotum thickly
clothed with golden-yellow scale-like hairs ; pronotum fuscous-brown, its
sides and basal angles dull yellow; scutellum reddish-brown, its carina
and apex dull yellow; clavus fuscous, paler at base and apex; corium
fuscous along claval suture, outer half dull yellow; embolium fuscous,
vaguely flecked with small yellowish spots ; cuneus reddish-fuscous, its
tip and inner margin pale yellow; membrane dusky hyaline, basal half of
cells fuscous, veins and outer edges pale; legs pale yellow, femora tinged
with fuscous; under surface fuscous-brown, middle of ventrals and geni-
tal paler. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae straw-yellow, 1 slightly longer
than width of vertex, 2 distinctly thicker toward apex, three and a half
times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, united subequal in length to 2.
Elytra and base of scutellum thinly clothed with yellow, scale-like hairs.
Length, 2.4 mm.

R. P. Park, Fla., March 17 ; one male swept from roadside
herbage. Easily known from our other species of Capsaria by
its short oval form, very large eyes, opaque impunctate elytra
and floccose yellow scales on head and front half of pronotum.

XXII. Neoborus Distant, 1884, 276.

Oblong or oblong-oval shining species having the head im-
mersed in thorax to eyes, its front nearly vertical ; eyes very
prominent, compressed, overlapping front angles of pronotum ;
vertex subdepressed, its base margined ; antennae shorter than
body, joint 1 glabrous, but little thicker than 2 ; pronotum
trapezoidal, its sides straight, their margins carinate, calli
smooth, prominent, the area between and in front of them
punctate, hind portion convex, declivent forward, coarsely
punctate, hind angles obtusely rounded, basal margin subtrun-
cate; scutellum feebly convex, sparsely irregularly punctate;

786 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

elytra entire, surpassing abdomen by two-thirds the length
of membrane. Nine species and two varieties have been
described from the eastern states. All breed on the foliage of
ash.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF NEOBORUS.

a. Upper surface practically glabrous.
b. First joint of antennae pale, rarely slightly dusky.
c. Corium without a curved reddish or blackish line, which is widened
to cover its apical fourth; membrane wholly pale or only faintly
tinged with dusky.
d. Upper surface black or piceous-black; cuneus pale, its apex dark-
er; corium sometimes with a small pale spot at base.

822. GEMINUS.

dd. Upper surface more or less pale; pronotum and apical third of

corium usually marked with reddish; scutellum in great part

or wholly pale. 823. amcenus.

cc. Corium with a reddish or blackish line beginning on outer margin

of radius, curving inwardly and widened to cover the apical

fourth of corium; membrane with a fuscous spot at base and

another at apex of its larger cell. 824. palmeri.

bb. First joint of antenna? brownish-black; scutellum brownish-black,

its sides or basal angles pale; elytra brownish-black to piceous,

the basal half or more of corium and embolium pale or yellowish.

825. GLABER.
aa. Upper surface distinctly pubescent.
e. Basal joint of antenna? blackish.
/. Cuneus always pale ; scutellum brownish at middle of base, or
brown with median line and margins paler; elytra often in
great part fusco-brownish. 826. canadensis.

ff. Cuneus reddish-brown; scutellum brownish-black each side of
median line, its basal angles paler; elytra reddish-brown, sub-
translucent. 827. RUFUSCULUS.
ee. Basal joint of antenna? pale.

g. Upper surface, including scutellum, black; cuneus pale translu-
cent; legs pale; larger, length 6 or more mm. 828. tricolor.
gg. Upper surface more or less pale; scutellum in part yellow; small-
er, not over 5.2 mm.
h. Scutellum with entire median line black; female with embolium
and outer margin of corium blackish, inner apical angle of
corium pale. 829. vittiscutis.

hh. Scutellum yellow or with base blackish, never with median line
black; female with embolium chiefly pale, inner apical angle of
corium black. 830. pubescens.

822 (1042). Neoborus geminus (Say), 1832, 24; I, 344.

Elongate-oblong. Black or piceous, glabrous, shining; head reddish-
brown, tylus, cheeks and some vague marks on vertex piceous-brown;
pronotum and scutellum shining black, the lateral and basal margins of

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN.E.

787

the former narrowly edged with pale; elytra black or piceous-black, the
outer portion of basal half of corium sometimes dull yellow; cuneus pale
yellow, the extreme tip piceous ; base and cells of membrane in great part
dusky, apical half paler; legs, first antennal and base of second straw-
yellow; under surface piceous, genital region paler. Pronotum and scu-
tellum more coarsely, closely and evenly punctate than in amaenus. Ely-
tra finely densely and evenly punctate. Length, 4.8 — 5.2 mm.

Posey County, IncL, June 6. Described from Indiana and
recorded elsewhere only from Massachusetts, Connecticut and
New York. Say mentions a large whitish-yellow spot at "tip
of corium" which, unless he referred to the cuneus, is not
present in my specimens.

823 (1041). Neoborus amcenus (Reuter), 1909, 48.

Oblong-oval. Color exceedingly variable, in the typical form green-
ish-yellow, glabrous, shining, with apex of tylus, cheeks, a median line

on vertex, usually five lines or oblong
spots on disk of pronotum, inner
apical half of clavus and apical
third of corium, bright reddish or
blackish; cuneus and membrane a
uniform pale translucent; legs pale
greenish-yellow, apical third of hind
femora with two reddish spots ; tarsal
claws and tip of beak fuscous. An-
tennae greenish-yellow, the tips of
joints 2 and 3, and all of 4 fuscous;
joint 1 about one-third longer than
width of vertex; 2 nearly two and a
half times the length of 1, male, twice
as long as 1, female; 3 slightly longer
than 4, the two united two-thirds the
Fig 175 x 10 length of 2. Pronotum rather sparse-

( After Dickerson & Weiss). iy> deeply and unevenly punctate.

Scutellum with but few widely scattered punctures. Clavus coarsely and
rather closely punctate, corium more finely and sparsely so. Length,
4.8—5.2 mm. (Fig. 175).

Marion, Vermilion and Posey counties, Ind., May 11 — Sept.
18; swept from foliage of ash sprouts in low moist alluvial
grounds (W. S. B.). Evanston, 111., Aug. 20 {Gerhard). Staten
Island, N. Y., and Trenton, N. J. (Davis). Breeds on several
species of ash throughout its range, which extends from
Quebec and New England west to the Dakotas and Kansas ; not
recorded in the east south of Maryland. Uhler (1894, 264)
states that it is very common in Maryland on the linden tree

788 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

and that it "presents all the varieties of color and marking pos-
sible to its plan of development." In New Jersey it has been
recorded by Dickerson and Weiss (1916, 302) as doing much
damage to four kinds of ash. They give a full account of its
life history. The early records of the species were mostly
under the name Neoborus saxeus Dist., a species described from
Panama.

As above stated, the color in amcenus varies greatly with age,
the red markings becoming blackish in older specimens. Reu-
ter (loc. cit.) described five color varieties. These all breed on
ash, and so merge into one another that the names are almost
superfluous. One of them, palmeri, was raised to specific rank
by Knight. The typical form is the one above described.
Knight separates the other two found in the east as follows :

KEY TO COLOR VARIETIES OF NEOBORUS AMCENUS.

a. Chiefly blackish, lateral and median vittae on pronotal disk, scutel-
lum except basal angles and median line at base, and corium more
or less pale; membrane pale. 823a. var. signatus.

aa. Chiefly black, cuneus and sometimes narrow base of corium pale;
scutellum pale yellowish; membrane pale fumate, paler bordering
apex of cuneus. 823b. var. scutellaris.

823a (1041c). Neoborus amcenus signatus (Reuter), 1909, 49.

Color as in key; clavus and corium blackish, tinged with reddish, the
area along the claval vein and outer basal half of corium yellowish;
cuneus pale translucent, dusky at tip; membrane pale fuscous, veins,
spot on larger cell and margins along cuneus, paler.

Tyler, Minn., June 23 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded only
from New York and Washington, D. C.

823b (1041d). Neoborus amcenus scutellaris (Reuter) , 1909, 49.

Form and size of amcenus. Head chiefly black. Pronotum wholly
black or with collar, edges and vague discal stripes pale; scutellum lemon-
yellow, its base often black; basal half of corium often in part or wholly
pale; apical fourth of hind femora brownish; under surface except
genital plate wholly shining black.

Marion Co., Ind., May 30 — June 4. Beaten from ash. De-
scribed from Kansas. Range the same as the typical form.

824 (1041a). Neoborus palmeri Reuter in Van Duzee, 1908, 112.

More elongate than amcenus. Straw-yellow, strongly shining with a
brownish gloss; tylus and an oblong spot below base of each antenna
piceous; pronotum with a narrow marginal line each side and a broader
submarginal stripe, the latter reaching from callus to base, dark brown;
clavus and base of scutellum tinged with pale brown, corium with dark

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 789

stripe as in key, embolium and cuneus pale translucent; legs greenish-
yellow, tips of beak and tarsi and often the sides of pleura piceous.
Antennal joints 3 and 4 and apex of 2, fuscous. Length, 5.2 — 5.7 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., July 31; swept from coarse grasses along
the side of a railway embankment {W. S. B.) . Clarke, Lake
Co., Intf., Aug. 6 (Gerhard). Ranges from Quebec and New
England west to Michigan and Indiana. Food plants the white
ash, Fraxinus dmericana L., and probably other species of ash.
As in amosnus the markings on corium are red in young speci-
mens, fuscous-brown in old ones. The beak apparently varies
somewhat in length, in the specimens at hand reaching only to
base of middle coxa?.

825 ( — ). Neoborus glaber Knight, 1923, 563.

Oblong-oval. Color mainly as in key; pronotum brownish-yellow,
propleura, calli and a stripe, widening behind, each side of disk extend-
ing from calli to subbasal margin, brownish-black; cuneus yellowish
translucent, its apical third and inner margin fuscous; membrane uni-
formly fuscous, veins slightly paler; legs yellowish, middle and hind
femora with two subapical brownish bands; ventrals dull yellow, a line
each side of middle and genital segment brownish. Antenna? brownish-
fuscous, joint 1 one-half as long as width of head across eyes, 2 three
times as long as 1, 3 subequal in length to 1, one-third as long as 2, 4
three-fourths the length of 3. Beak reaching between middle coxae.
Pronotum, scutellum and elytra glabrous, shining, coarsely punctate.
Length, 4.6 — 4.8 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 4 — 26; beaten from ash (W. S.B.).
St. Anthony Park, Minn., June 6 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Ranges
from Ontario and New England west to the Dakotas ; occurring
from June to August on ash. The dark markings on pronotum
and femora are often vague.

826 (1045). Neoborus canadensis (Van Duzee), 1912a, 486.

Head, including tylus, piceous-brown with cheeks and a median line
on vertex pale; pronotum with apical half fuscous, basal half brown, calli
in part and median stripe pale; elytra in part or wholly dark brown,
thinly clothed with inclined yellowish hairs, embolium and cuneus pale
yellow, the former with outer edge, the latter with tip, blackish; mem-
brane brown, veins paler; middle of under surface pale yellow, the sides
with a broad fuscous stripe; legs yellow, the hind femora with two sub-
apical dark rings. Joint 1 of antennae black, one-fifth longer than width
of vertex, 2 fuscous-brown, darker at base, three times the length of 1, 3
and 4 fuscous, 3 as long as 1, 4 two-thirds the length of 3. Beak reach-
ing apex of middle coxae. Pronotum transversely rugose with small
but distinct punctures between the rugae. Scutellum transversely strigose.
Elytra finely densely and shallowly punctate. Length, 5 — 5.3 mm.

790 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

Hamilton Co., N. Y. (Paris). Recorded only from Ottawa,
Ontario; New York and doubtfully from California. Occurs
mainly on white ash. The elytra vary in hue from dull yellow-
ish-testaceous to dark brown.

827 ( — ). Neoborus rufusculus Knight, 1923, 564.

Oblong-oval. Color mainly as in key; head dull yellow, tylus, cheeks
and median line of front usually blackish; pronotum brownish-black, col-
lar, median line on disk, spot behind outer basal angle of each callus and
narrow basal margin, straw-yellow; membrane and veins brownish-fus-
cous; legs dull yellow, tips of middle femora, apical half of hind ones, base
of tibia? and middle of hind ones blackish; ventrals blackish, paler at
middle. Antenna? fuscous, joint 1 darker, one-third longer than width of
vertex, 2 three and one-fourth times the length of 1, 3 slightly longer
than 1, 4 two-thirds the length of 3. Beak reaching between middle
coxa?. Upper surface, except head and membrane, rather coarsely and
closely punctate, clothed with suberect yellowish pubescence. Length,
4.6 — 4.9 mm.

Lakeland, Minn., June 14 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded only
from New York. Breeds on white ash, Fraxinns americana L.

828 (1043). Neoborus tricolor (Van Duzee), 1912a, 487.

Elongate-oval. Head reddish-brown or paler, tylus in great part
black, its base and upper portion of cheeks piceous; pronotum, scutellum
and elytra shining black, rather thickly pubescent with fine grayish in-
clined hairs; cuneus white; membrane wholly dark fuscous; legs pale
greenish-yellow thickly hirsute with erect hairs; tip of beak and tarsal
claws piceous; antennae hirsute, dull yellow, the apical fourth of second
joint dusky; ventrals reddish-brown, clouded with darker. Vertex and
face broader than in amcemis. Pronotum longer, more narrowed in
front, its disk, except calli, coarsely, deeply and evenly punctate. Scutel-
lum and clavus transversely strigose, punctured between the strigse;
corium finely and closely punctate. Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 4 — 26. Swept in some numbers from
ash sprouts in low dense woodlands of the White River bot-
toms. Recorded only from New Jersey and Missouri. It is our
largest species and easily known by the finely pubescent, black
upper surface and pale cuneus.

829 ( — ). Neoborus vittiscutis Knight, 1923, 566.

Oblong-oval. Color mainly as in key; head blackish, margin of
cheeks and lora? paler; pronotum black, spot near middle, a vague ray
behind each callus, and carina? of side margins yellowish; elytra black,
male; pale brownish-yellow with embolium, except tip, and outer margin
of corium black, female; cuneus pale translucent; membrane fuscous,
paler in female; legs straw-yellow, tips of tarsi only dusky; ventrals
black. Antenna? dull yellow, joint 1 one-half longer than width of ver-

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN.E.

791

tex, 2 two and three-fourth times the length of 1, 3 two-fifths as long
as 2, 4 three-fifths the length of 3. Beak reaching between middle coxse.
Upper surface shining, coarsely punctate, each puncture bearing a sub-
erect pale hair. Length, 4 — 5 mm.

Recorded only from Virginia and Missouri.

Fig. 176.
Knight X 11.

a, Mecomma gilvipes (Stal), female X 15; b, Ncoborus pubescens
(After Drake, Tech. Publ. 16, N. Y. St. Coll. For.).

830 ( — ). Neoborus pubescens Knight, 1917a, 81.

Oblong, sides subparallel, male, more oval, female. Head reddish-
brown, usually with tylus, median line and a dash each side of eyes,
blackish ; pronotum black, the middle of collar, a median line dilated at
middle, narrow edges of side and basal margins, and often one or two
vague stripes behind the calli, pale yellow; scutellum as in key; elytra
with clavus and a broad bar reaching across apical third of corium, black
or piceous, remainder of corium and entire cuneus pale yellow; membrane
dusky, the cells and veins darker; antennae and legs pale yellow, under
surface black, usually paler on middle and genital segment. Pronotum
with sides distinctly carinate only on apical half, disk except calli, rather
finely, deeply and evenly punctate, both it and elytra sparsely clothed
with suberect yellowish hairs. Scutellum very sparsely punctate. Length,
4.5—4.8 mm. (Fig. 176, b) .

Marion Co., Ind., June 12; beaten from black ash (W. S. B.).
Palos Park, 111., July 4 (Gerhard). The known range extends
from New England west to Michigan and Illinois. Hussey re-
corded it as common in June and July on the black ash, Fraxinus

792 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

nigra Marsh., in the dune region of southern Michigan. Knight
(1923, 566) says that the food plant is "Fraxinus americana but
found developing only on young plants in much shaded situa-
tions." This species seems to form a sort of connecting link
between the genera Neoborus and Xenoborus, as only the front
half of pronotum has the sides carinate.

XXIII. Xenoborus Reuter in Van Duzee, 1908, 112.

This genus is very close to, if not a synonym of, Neoborus.
It differs mainly in the characters given in the generic key,
p. 752, and, as stated above, the carinae of side margins of prono-
tum in Neoborus pubescens are abbreviated, that species there-
fore connecting up the two genera. Four species are known,
all occurring in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF XENOBORUS.

a. Larger, length 6.4 or more mm. ; upper surface in great part green-
ish-yellow, darker only along the sides of the claval commissure.

831. COMMISSURALIS.

on. Smaller, length not over 5.7 mm.; elytra usually in great part dark
brown or blackish.
b. Membrane fuscous with an oval paler spot at middle; calli and a
spot or stripe each side of median line of pronotum, inner half of
clavus and a spot on apical third of corium, dark brown or fus-
cous-black; length, 5 mm. 832. plagifer.
bb. Membrane uniformly dark fuscous or black.

c. Hind tibia? wholly pale; hind femora pale or rarely dusky near
apex; embolium, basal half of corium and entire cuneus pale in
both sexes; length, 5.4 mm. 833. neglectus.

cc. Hind tibia? fuscous, blackish near base; hind femora blackish
apically or annulate with dark and pale; embolium and basal
half of corium dark, rarely pale in female. 834. pettiti.

831 (1046). Xenoborus commissuralis Reuter in Van Duzee, 1908, 112.

Pale greenish-yellow, more or less tinged with reddish-brown; front
of head and calli pale brownish-yellow tinged with reddish, strongly shin-
ing, tylus black; scutellum wholly greenish-yellow; apical half of clavus
dark brown to fuscous, cuneus pale yellowish translucent; membrane
dusky, paler along the margins ; legs pale yellow, tip of beak and tarsal
claws darker; antenna? dark brown to fuscous-black, the incisures paler.
Beak reaching middle coxae. Joint 1 of antenna? about as long as head;

2 twice as long as 1, female, two and a half times longer than 1, male;

3 and 4 much more slender, 4 one-half the length of 3. Pronotum about
one-fifth shorter than its basal width, calli prominent, disk behind them
thickly and rather coarsely rugose-punctate. Scutellum sparsely, similar-
ly punctate. Elytra finely and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing
a very fine suberect yellowish hair. Length, 6.4 — 7 mm.

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E. 793

Crawford Co., Ind., May 19. Its recorded range extends
from Quebec and New York west to Minnesota. Food plant
the black ash.

832 (1047). Xenoborus plagifer (Reuter), 1909, 51.

Elongate-oblong. Greenish-yellow, glabrous, shining, with dark mark-
ings as in key, tylus and some irregular marks on vertex brown; scutel-
lum yellow, its narrow side margins, inner half of clavus, commissure,
and a spot on apical third of corium, dark brown to fuscous-black;
embolium and cuneus except apex, yellowish-translucent; legs greenish-
yellow, the tip of beak and apical joint of tarsi blackish; under surface
pale along middle, but with a broad dark stripe along the sides. Anten-
nae slender, joints 1 and 2 blackish, 1 about as long as width of head
across eyes, 2 twice as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky, 3 two-fifths as long as
2, 4 half the length of 3. Pronotum, except calli, coarsely, deeply, rather
closely and evenly punctate, its hind angles and basal margins broadly
rounded. Scutellum and clavus transversely rugose with coarse punc-
tures between the rugae; corium finely and sparsely punctate, the punc-
tures without hairs. Length, 5 — 5.3 mm.

Carlton Co., Minn., Aug. 18 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded
only from Ontario, New York and Minnesota. Occurs on the
black ash, Fraxinus nigra Marsh.

833 ( — ). Xenoborus neglectus Knight, 1917a, 82.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Head dull yellow, flecked with reddish,
the lower half fuscous, vertex with basal carina and median dash black-
ish; antennae fuscous, joint 1 paler at base; pronotum black, collar, a
large median spot on disk and side margins pale yellow; mesoscutum
blackish; scutellum pale yellow; elytra blackish with pale markings as
in key; membrane fuscous, paler at middle in female; legs pale yellow,
hind femora as in key. Pronotum without carinae, punctate as in
plagifer. Length, 5.4 mm.

Known only from New York and Michigan.

834 (1044). Xenoborus pettiti (Reuter), 1909, 50.

Oblong-oval. Color variable, usually black with scutellum, embolium,
basal half of corium and cuneus more or less pale; collar and sometimes
the basal edge of pronotum yellow; front of head and disk of pronotum
sometimes reddish. Antennae dark brown or black, base of joint 1 and
often that of 2 yellowish; joint 1 about as long as head in front of eyes,
2 twice as long as 1, subequal in length to width of pronotum at base,
male, one-sixth shorter, female; 3 two-fifths as long as 2, 4 one-half the
length of 3. Pronotum with space between and in front of calli finely
punctate, remainder of disk coarsely so. Scutellum unevenly transversely
strigose and punctate. Elytra finely, closely and evenly punctate.
Length, 5.7 — 6.3 mm.

794 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRHXffi.

New Haven, Conn., June 22 — Sept. 28 (Walden). Ramsey-
Co., Minn., June 15 {Minn. Univ. Coll.). Described from Penn-
sylvania. Recorded elsewhere only from Massachusetts and
New York. Occurs on white ash in June and July.

Tribe III. MYRMECORINI Kirkaldy, 1906, 372.

This tribe contains but two genera and comprises slender-
bodied, dull colored Mirids of medium size possessing the char-
acters given under aa in the Key to Tribes of Capsinae, p. 681,
and having the head porrect its front strongly vertical, vertex
with a groove or median impression ; antennae slender, as long
as or longer than body ; beak reaching or surpassing hind coxae;
pronotum subcampanulate, its posterior portion strongly con-
vex, more or less flaring; elytra long and slender, distinctly
constricted near middle.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF MYRMECORINI.

a. Joint 1 of antennae nearly one-half longer than greatest width of
head; scutellum not conically produced; upper surface with fine,
short pubescence. I. Paraxenetus, p. 794.

aa. Joint 1 of antenna? but little longer than width of vertex; scutellum
conically produced upward ; upper surface, especially the prono-
tum and scutellum, with long erect hairs. II. Barberiella, p. 795.

I. Paraxenetus Reuter, 1907, 46.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical species having the head
short, broad, slightly exserted, but little prodced in front of
eyes, its front vertical ; eyes very large, longer than wide ; an-
tennae one-third longer than body, very slender, not tapering;
beak reaching first ventral ; pronotum subcampanulate, its
front portion subcylindrical, without lateral carinae, hind lobe
strongly convex; elytra entire, surpassing abdomen, constricted
at middle ; legs long and slender, joints 1 and 3 of hind tarsi
subequal, 2 shorter. One species is known.

835 (919). Paraxenetus guttulatus (Uhler), 1887c, 150.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Pale brown, when fresh usually more or
less tinged with reddish; basal half of pronotum, scutellum and apical
third of corium often fuscous-brown, cuneus with a small vague yellow
spot at base; joints 1 — 3 of antennae, tibia?, tip of scutellum, a dot on
corium near tip of commissure, hind coxae and ventrals 1 and 2, pale
straw-yellow; membrane pale at base, fuscous toward apex; femora
pale reddish-brown, their apical halves more or less tinged with fus-
cous, the hind ones with apical third vaguely annulate with yellow; ven-
trals 3 — 6 fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae as long as head and pronotum
united, 2 nearly two and a half times longer than 1, 3 four-fifths the

SUBFAMILY II. — CAPSIN^E.

795

length of 2, 4 dark reddish-brown, three-tenths the length of 3. Front
lobe of pronotum with a small median impression. Scutellum convex,
longer than broad, strongly tapering behind. Elytra with short, very
sparse prostrate yellow hairs, a faint yellow spot near middle. Hind

femora rather stout, subfusiform,
feebly curved. Length to tip of mem-
brane, 6 — 7 mm. (Fig. 177).

Warren, Vermilion and Marion
counties, Ind., July 21 — Sept. 1.
Only a few specimens were taken
at each station, usually by
sweeping nettles and other herb-
age in low moist grounds.
Ranges from New York west to
Illinois and southwest to Texas.
Uhler says that in Maryland it
occurs on Liriodendron and grape
vines. Banks (1907, 425) found
it quite abundant in August at
Falls Church, Va., on the foliage
of tulip trees. "They were dif-
ficult to recognize at rest, and
when disturbed were very active
(Original). and difficult of capture."

II. Barberiella Poppius, 1914a, 255.

Slender bodied ant-like species having the head wider than
apex of pronotum, its front vertical, vertex impressed, not
grooved; beak reaching upon hind coxse; pronotum with front
lobe subcylindrical, hind one strongly convex, flaring basally;
mesoscutum broadly exposed; disk of scutellum convex, con-
ical, the apex of cone bent backward ; elytra strongly con-
stricted at middle, disk nearly flat; hind tibiae compressed,
strongly curved. One species occurs in our territory, another
in Texas.

836 ( — ). Barberiella apicalis Knight, 1923, 657.

Head and pronotum brownish-black, clothed with pale pubescence
and sparse suberect hairs ; scutellum dark brown ; clavus and base of
corium fuscous-brown ; middle of corium with a transverse pale spot fol-
lowed by a shining fuscous or brown cross-bar, the apex pale brown;
cuneus brownish-translucent, strongly deflexed ; membrane fuscous-
brown, veins slightly darker; legs dark brown, femora alutaceous, tibiae
beset with yellow setae; ventrals blackish-brown, a pale spot on middle

796 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID;£.

of sides. Antennae dark brown, joint 1 one-fifth longer than width of
vertex; 2 cylindrical, four times as long as 1 ; 3 more slender, one-half
the length of 2; 4 three-fifths the length of 3. Length, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Recorded only from Staten and Long Islands N. Y., where it
was taken by Davis in July and August.

Subfamily III. ORTHOTYLIN^ Van Duzee, 1916a, 203.

This subfamily comprises Mirids of very diverse form, size
and appearance, but all agreeing in having the arolia between
the tarsal claws distinct, erect, with tips converging (pi. X,
figs. 33 — 54), and pronotum without a distinct collar. The
membrane is glabrous, usually with two distinct cells ; cell of
inner wings without a hamus; tibiae narrowed toward apex,
usually distinctly spinose ; third tarsal joint longer than either
of the others. For convenience of study the subfamily is
divided into eight tribes.

KEY TO TRIBES OF SUBFAMILY ORTHOTYLIX^E.

a. Eyes pedunculate; head very broad. I. Labopini, p. 797.

«o. Eyes not pedunculate; head not unusually broad.

b. Flanks of pronotum separated from the disk by a distinct suture;

hind portion of pronotal disk elevated or on a higher plane than

and projected above the base of scutellum; upper surface thickly

clothed with erect bristly pubescence. II. Semiini, p. 798.

bb. Flanks of pronotum not separated from disk by a suture; base of

pronotal disk not projecting above the scutellum.

c. Body robust, short oval or ovate, often brachypterous ; hind femora

thickened, saltatorial; head strongly vertical, the vertex, viewed

from above, wider than length of head. III. Halticini, p. 799.

cc. Body more elongate; hind femora normal; length of head (except

in Pilophorini) usually greater than width of vertex.

d. Slender ant-like species with broad head ; form usually elongate

with body constricted at middle; pronotum with sides sulco-

sinuate, the apical half of disk narrowed; elytra usually with

narrow cross-bars of silvery deciduous scale-like hairs.

IV. Pilophorini, p. 806.
dd. Form not ant-like; sides of pronotum not sulco-sinuate; elytra
devoid of silvery markings.
e. Joint 3 of antenna? as thick as joint 2, or nearly so; females
often brachypterous.
/. Pronotum not distinctly campanulate, its apex wider than
vertex; elytra not coarctate at middle; abdomen broad at
base. V. Ceratocapsini, p. 819.

//. Pronotum campanulate, its apex scarcely wider than vertex;
form slender with elytra coarctate at middle ; abdomen nar-
rowed at base. VI. Systellonotini, p. 830.
ee. Joint 3 of antennae distinctly more slender than joint 2.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 797

g. Sides of pronotum distinctly carinate; front margin of prono-
tum usually elevated in a collar-like ridge by a transverse
depression before the calli; width of vertex greater than
length of head; front of head strongly produced vertically;
body opaque or nearly so. VII. Lopidini, p. 831.

gg. Sides of pronotum not carinate, or if so, the front margin of
pronotum not elevated ; head usually as long as or longer
than width of vertex, its front less vertical; body more or
less shining. VIII. Orthotylini, p. 844.

Tribe I. LABOPINI Reuter, 1883, 567 (Laboparia) .

This tribe contains only a single genus which is easily dis-
tinguished by the wide head and pedunculate eyes.

I. Labops Burmeister, 1835, 279.

Oblong-oval hirsute species having the head across eyes
wider than base of pronotum ; front vertical ; eyes projecting
outward far beyond front angles of pronotum ; beak reaching
between hind coxae; antennae two-thirds the length of body,
hirsute, joints 3 and 4 more slender than the others; pronotum
trapezoidal, wider at base than long, base one-third wider than
apex, sides straight, disk feebly declivent, calli present but
low; scutellum triangular, equilateral; elytra dimorphic, in
macropterous forms surpassing abdomen with membrane well
developed ; in brachypterous ones reaching sixth dorsal, with
disk convex and tips broadly separately rounded, membrane
absent, clavus and cuneus scarcely differentiated. Two species
occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OP LABOPS.

a. Cheeks of male strongly convex, concealing base of tylus when
viewed from the side; front of vertex of female strongly de-
clivent. 837. HESPERIUS.
act. Cheeks of male less convex, base of tylus visible as viewed from
the side ; vertex nearly horizontal in both sexes.

838. BURMEISTERI.

837 (1117). Labops hesperius Uhler, 1872, 416.

Oblong, sides subparallel, male, suboval, female. Upper surface
thickly clothed with long inclined yellowish hairs, intermixed with ap-
pressed scale-like pubescence. Head black, shining; lorse, cheeks, median
longitudinal line on vertex and a triangular spot at inner basal angle of
each eye extending along base of vertex, yellowish-white; pronotum and
elytra black, opaque, the latter with embolium and sometimes the outer
third of corium pale yellow; membrane fuscous, veins black; legs fus-
cous-black, the middle of hind tibias, tips of all femora and some spots
on their under surface dull yellow; under surface shining black, thickly

798 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

clothed with suberect yellowish hairs. Joint 1 of antennae subequal in
length to two-thirds the width of vertex; 2 more slender than and two
and two-third times longer than 1 ; 3 two-fifths the length of 2, 4 slightly
longer than 3. Pronotum except calli, scutellum and elytra all trans-
versely rugose. Length, 4.3 — 4.6 mm.

Wilmington and Whiteface Mountain, N. Y., July (Davis).
Paris, Me., June 10 (Frost). Georgetown, Colo., July 28 (Ger-
hard) . A species of northern distribution ranging from Quebec
and New England west to the Pacific. Described from Colo-
rado and Montana. Recorded also from New Mexico. But
little regarding its habits has been published, though it seems
to inhabit, for the most part, mountainous regions. Drake
(1923, 77) mentions it as occurring on grasses and weeds about
Cranberry Lake, N. Y. In the macropterous forms from Maine
and New York the hairs of hind tibiae are fewer and shorter
than the spines, while in the Colorado specimens at hand they
are about as long as the spines, and the middle of hind and
middle tibiae are vaguely dull yellow. In these characters those
from Colorado appear to be intermediate in form between
Knight's L. hirtus (1922a, 258) and Uhler's species. Van Duzee
states--1 that one specimen in his material "has the tibia? alto-
gether black with the long tibial hairs and male claspers of
hirtus, so the color of the tibiae cannot be relied upon in separat-
ing these forms." As the description of hirtus agrees otherwise
in every particular with that of hesperius, I regard Knight's
name as a synonym.

838 (1118). Labops burmeisteri Stal, 1858, 189.

"Oval. Blackish, opaque, clothed with silken yellow pubescence;
head with a transverse basal line, curved forward on both sides and in-
terrupted at middle, a spot beneath the eyes, cheeks, narrow pectoral
margins adjoining coxa?, and a wide annulus on middle of tibiae, sordid
yellow. Membrane wanting. Female, length 4.3 mm. ; width 2 mm."
(Stal).

The above is a free translation of the brief original descrip-
tion. It is a palaearctic species, described from Kamchatka and
recorded in this country from the Adirondack region, New
York, Sudbury and the Abitibi region, Ontario, and Alaska.

Tribe II. SEMIINI Knight, 1923, 497.

This tribe also contains but a single genus which is easily
separated from others of the subfamily by the presence of a

S3Pan Pacific Entomologist, II, 1926, 163.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLINjE. 799

suture separating the propleura or flanks of pronotum from
the disk.

I. Semium Reuter, 1876, 80.

Small oblong opaque species having the head short, broad,
inserted in thorax to eyes, its front subvertical ; beak reach-
ing middle coxae; pronotum strongly narrowed and declivent
from base to apex, base more than twice the width of apex,
front portion of disk with two transverse impressions, hind
portion strongly convex; elytra entire, surpassing tip of abdo-
men; second joint of hind tarsi nearly twice the length of
first. One species is known.

839 (1186). Semium hirtum Reuter, 1876, 80.

Oblong, subcuneiform. General color velvety-brown; head, joints 1
and 2 of antennae, and legs except tarsi, strongly tinged with reddish;
apical fourth and flanks of pronotum reddish-yellow; scutellum, em-
bolium, corium except apex and cuneus except tip, yellowish-white; mem-
brane fuscous-brown; tarsi and joints 3 and 4 of antennae dusky brown.
Joint 1 of antenna? very short and stout, its length scarcely half the
width of vertex ; 2 almost as stout and five times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4
much more slender, 3 subequal in length to 2, nearly three times longer
than 4. Length, 2.8 — 3.4 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Sept. 12 — Oct. 6, swept from Euphorbia
along roadsides and railway embankments. Ranges from New
York west to Iowa. Described from Texas and recorded from
California. Occurs on the reddish under surface of the leaves
of spurge {Euphorbia).

Tribe III. HALTICINI Kirkaldy, 1906, 130.

Small oval robust species having the head broad, its hind
margin usually sharp, concentric with or overlapping the front
margin of pronotum ; antennae slender, often as long or longer
than body; beak reaching to or beyond middle coxae; pronotum
trapezoidal, sides straight, not carinate, calli distinct in the
winged forms ; scutellum triangular ; mesoscutum usually con-
cealed; elytra often dimorphic, the brachypterous form with
cuneus and membrane frequently wanting. Other characters
as in tribal key.

Knight (1923, 498) assigns four of our eastern genera to
the tribe, two of which Van Duzee classed under the tribe
Orthotylini. Some of the species are widely distributed and at
times very injurious.

800 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDjE.

KEY TO EASTERN- GENERA OF HALTICINI.

a. Head with a well defined sharp basal margin; color black.
b. Antennae as long as or longer than body, joint 2 four or more times
longer than 1; hind femora greatly flattened, saltatorial;
brachypterous females oval and strongly convex; length less than
3.7 mm. I. Halticus, p. 800.

bb. Antennae shorter, scarcely as long as elytra, joint 2 but little more
than three times the length of 1 ; hind femora not greatly flat-
tened; length more than 4 mm.
c. Antennas with short fine pubescence; head and body nearly gla-
brous, shining black; length more than 4 mm.

II. Strongylocoris, p. 803.
cc. Antennae and head with long coarse black hairs, length of hairs
on third antennal thi-ee times the thickness of segment; macrop-
terous form with upper surface in part pale.

III. Orthocephalus, p. 804.
aa. Head without a sharp basal margin; upper surface clothed with
appressed scale-like deciduous hairs intermixed with longer, more
erect ones ; color variable, but never black.

IV. Parthenicus, p. 804.

I. Halticus Hahn, 1831, 113.

Short oval species having the head long, pointed, its front
vertical; antennas often longer than body, joint 1 cylindrical,
shorter than head, 2 linear, four or more times longer than 1,
3 and 4 filiform, united longer than 2 ; macropterous forms with
pronotum trapezoidal, nearly twice as wide at base as long;
elytra, oval, convex, surpassing abdomen, widest behind middle,
the divisions all present ; brachypterous forms with pronotum
subquadrate, but little wider than long; elytra shorter than
abdomen, strongly convex, corium alone present ; hind femora
long, stout, somewhat curved, the inner side flattened. Other
characters as in key and under tribal heading. Three species
occur in the eastern United States.

key to eastern species of halticus.

a. Body wholly devoid of deciduous scale-like pubescence; antenna? pale,
joints 3 and 4 slightly dusky; length, 2.7 mm. 840. apterus.

aa. Body above with patches of deciduous scale-like pubescence.

b. Smaller, length not more than 2 mm.; joint 2 of antennae yellowish

at middle, blackish at tip and base. 841. bractatus.

bb. Larger, length 2.5 or more mm.; joint 2 of antennae pale, sometimes

fuscous at tip. 842. intermedius.

840 (1119). Halticus apterus (Linnaeus), 1758, 438.

Oblong-oval, robust, convex. Black, shining, clothed with fine, short
inclined hairs; femora black, their tips pale, tibiae and joints 1 and 2 of

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^.

801

tarsi yellow, third tarsal and claws black; ventrals black with fine short
grayish hairs. Pronotum minutely punctate, its basal half and disk of
scutellum transversely wrinkled, calli subobsolete. Elytra, brachypterous
form, obovate, reaching fourth dorsal, tips broadly rounded, disk shal-
lowly and coarsely punctate. Length, 2.5 — 3 mm.

Shalford and Hurst Green, England (British Mus. Coll.). An
introduced European species, recorded by Van Duzee as rang-
ing in this country from New England west to Colorado and
south to Maryland, but, according to Knight, correctly iden-
tified only from Maine and Canada. Macropterous forms are
very scarce.

841 (1121). Halticus bractatus (Say), 1832, 26; I, 348.

Males — Usually macropterous; oblong-oval, sides subparallel. Black,
strongly shining, very thinly clothed with silvery gray hairs which, on
the elytra are usually condensed into small spots; cuneus blackish trans-
lucent, its apex pale; membrane pale dusky translucent throughout;
under surface and femora in great part black, front and middle femora
with tips broadly pale, hind ones more narrowly so; tibiae and tarsi yel-
lowish, tarsal claws and basal third of hind tibia? blackish. Joint 1 of

Fig. 178. a, Brachypterous female. X 10 : b, full winged female, X 12 ; c, male,
X 11; d, head of male in outline. (After Chittenden, IT. S. Div. Ent).

802 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

antennas blackish, paler at base, three-fourths as long as width of vertex;
2 as in key, about four times longer than 1 ; 3 fuscous, the base yellowish,
two-thirds the length of 2; 4 fuscous, one-half as long as 3. Head
smooth, polished, vertex with a small round median impression. Sur-
face of pronotum and elytra somewhat roughened, minutely granulate;
membrane surpassing abdomen by three-fourths or more its length.
Length, 1.8 — 2 mm. Females — Usually brachypterous and oval, broader
and much more convex; color the same; pronotum shorter, subquadrate,
much less declivent; elytra usually with coria alone present, reaching
sixth dorsal, their tips separately broadly rounded. Length, 1.3 — 1.5 mm.
(Fig. 178).

Frequent throughout Indiana, June 11 — Oct. 16. Dunedin,
R. P. Park and Sanford, Fla., Nov. 21 — April 4. Occurs on
foliage of many plants, both wild and cultivated, especially
those growing in rich moist soil. Once taken by scores near
Dunedin on turnip tops, and frequently swept from ferns in
dense hammocks. Ranges from Ontario and New England
west to Kansas and Utah and southwest to Florida. In later
years, for some unknown reason, this species has been listed
as Halticus citri (Ashm.) (1887, 155), but a careful study of
the original descriptions of both authors leads me to believe
Ashmead's name is an absolute synonym. Both descriptions
were founded on the macropterous form and, as far as they go,
agree in every particular. The males appear to be much more
scarce than the females, and macropterous forms of the latter
sex are very scarce. Webster (1897, 209) named 20 plants
on which H. bractatus was found feeding. He stated that : "The
insect feeds during all its development on the upper surface
of the leaves, notably those of red clover, discoloring the entire
leaf. They do not become abundant until early summer, and
continue so until October, when they gradually disappear."
Many of the older records were made under the name of
Halticus uhleri Giard, also a synonym.

842 (1120). Halticus intermedius Uhler, 1904, 360.

Broadly ovate, moderately convex. Black, strongly shining; mem-
brane pale fuscous, cells darker; femora black, knees, tibia? and tarsi
pale. Antennae very slender, reaching tip of cuneus, joint 1 dull yellow,
darker at middle, two-thirds as long as width of vertex; 2 about twice
as long as pronotum; 3 and 4 more slender, dusky yellow, united nearly
as long as 2. Pronotum narrowed in front, side margins feebly reflexed,
calli subobsolete. Elytra with costal margins strongly curved, disk in-
flated and with small patches of deciduous silvery or greenish scale-like
hairs. Length, 2.5 — 3.5 mm.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^. 803

Honesdale, Pa., Sept. 10 (Olsen). Described from Arizona.
Recorded from New England, Pennsylvania and Michigan.

II. Strongylocoris Blanchard, 1840, 140.

Elongate-oval, glabrous, shining species having the vertex
flattened, minutely punctate ; pronotum about twice as wide at
base as long, its posterior portion convex, not strongly declivent,
hind angles obtusely rounded; scutellum triangular, subtecti-
form, finely strigose ; elytra entire, surpassing abdomen, clavus
with sides strongly declivent, cuneus and membrane also de-
clivent, the fracture weak. Two of the five recognized North
American species occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF STRONGYLOCORIS.

a. Second antennal of female a fifth longer than width of head across

eyes; legs in part pale. 843. stygicus.

aa. Second antennal of female not longer than width of head across

eyes ; legs, except tips of femora and base of tarsi, dark brown to

black. 844. atratus.

843 (1123). Strongylocoris stygicus (Say), 1832, 24; I, 344.

Elongate- or oblong-oval. Black, moderately shining; cuneus pice-
ous, membrane dark brown; tibia?, tips of femora, joints 1 and 2 of tarsi
and basal half of trochanters dull yellow. Joint 1 of antenna? dull yel-
low, its length less than half the width of vertex, its basal fifth black,
female, wholly black, male; 2 with extreme apex and base blackish, middle
dull yellow, female, wholly fuscous, male; 3 and 4 fuscous, paler at base,
3 three-fifths the length of 2, twice as long as 4. Pronotum and elytra
densely minutely rugose-punctate, calli prominent, almost smooth. "Dex-
tral male clasper with median angle produced in a long tooth, thus form-
ing a semicircle with the incurved angle of the fan-shaped apex." (Van
D.) . Length, 4.3 — 5 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 24 — Sept. 15. Occurs on
the great ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L., and Virginia creeper, in
alluvial soil along streams and on grasses and low herbage in
dense woodland. Ashland, Mass., May 2 (Frost) . Ranges from
Quebec and New England west to the Pacific and southwest to
North Carolina and New Mexico. Breeds on goldenrod and
probably on wild sunflower and other Composite.

844 (1124). Strongylocoris atratus (Uhler), 1894, 268.

Form and size of stygicus. Black, more strongly shining; membrane
dark fuscous-brown, the edge near tip of cuneus slightly paler; antennas
black or blackish-brown, the incisures alone paler; legs black, tibia? dark
brown, knees, tips of coxa? and basal joint of tarsi tinged with yellow.
"Dextral male clasper with median angle obtuse or produced in a short

804 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.E.

tooth, thus forming' a shorter arc with the fan-shaped apex; the latter
quadrifid, usually forming- four acute teeth, the dorsal much the longer."
(Van D.). Length, 4.7 — 5 mm.

Marshall, Starke, Marion, Putnam and Perry counties, Ind.,
May 16 — July 5. Occurs on herbage along the banks of wood-
land streams. Described from California. Recorded from
New Jersey, and by Van Duzee (1921a, 135) from Ottawa and
Montreal, Canada, New Hampshire, New York and Colorado.

III. Orthocephalus Fieber, 1858, 316.

Small, thickly pilose species having the head short, wider in
female than in male, its front vertical ; beak reaching middle
coxae; pronotum short, trapezoidal, nearly twice as wide at
base as long, hind angles rounded ; scutellum triangular, equi-
lateral, with a transverse depression near base ; elytra dimor-
phic, in male longer than abdomen with divisions distinct ; in
female very convex, shorter than abdomen, gradually widened
from base to the rounded tips, without cuneus or membrane.
One introduced European species occurs in the eastern states.

845 ( — ). Orthocephalus mutabilis (Fallen), 1807, 98.

Elongate, subparallel, male, suboval, female. Black, thickly clothed
with long suberect black hairs and short, yellowish scale-like pubescence.
Macropterous form with corium piceous, its inner half and outer margin
of clavus pale hyaline; membrane fuscous, paler at middle in and around
the edges of cells. Brachypterous form with elytra wholly black. An-
tennae black, almost as long as body, joint 1 subclavate, slightly shorter
than width of vertex; 2 three and a half times longer than 1, its apical
half somewhat thickened ; 3 and 4 filiform, 3 two-thirds the length of 2,
4 two-fifths as long as 3. Length, 4 — 4.8 mm.

Burnham Beeches and Hurst Green, England, June 22 —
August (British Mus. Coll.). Definitely recorded in this country
only from Orono, Me., and Ithaca, N. Y. At Ithaca it oc-
curred in numbers in June on the ox-eye daisy, Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum L., the great majority of the females being
brachypterous.

IV. Parthenicus Reuter, 1876, 84.

Small, elongate, subparallel, pubescent, subopaque species
having the head slightly wider across eyes than apex of prono-
tum, its front declivent ; base of vertex not margined ; eyes
oblong, coarsely granulated ; beak reaching onto ventrals ; an-
tennae about two-thirds the length of body, joint 1 slightly

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLINyE. 805

passing tip of tylus, 2 four times as long as 1, 3 and 4 united
slightly longer than 2, 4 half the length of 3 ; pronotum twice
as wide at base as long, apex about two-thirds as wide as base,
calli scarcely evident ; elytra usually entire with sides sub-
parallel, surpassing abdomen ; females sometimes brachypter-
ous, with body oval and elytra shorter than abdomen ; hind
femora thickened, saltatorial. Three of the ten known North
American species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PARTHEXICUS.

a. Upper surface thickly flecked with small dots.
b. Dots of upper surface brick-red; cuneus in great part reddish;
membrane fuscous. 846. psalliodes.

bb. Dots of upper surface brown or fuscous; cuneus not reddish; mem-
brane mostly white. 847. vaccini.
aa. Upper surface without distinct dots; cuneus and corium tinged with
reddish. 848. juniperi.

846 (1198). Parthenicus psalliodes Reuter, 1876, 85.

Pale brownish-yellow thinly clothed with fine yellowish hairs; en-
tire upper and lower surface thickly dotted with dull red, the dots aggre-
gated on cuneus to cover most of its surface; membrane pale fuscous-
hyaline, iridescent, veins reddish; legs greenish-yellow, dotted with red;
apical half of hind femora fuscous with two reddish rings ; tibial spines
yellowish with red dots at base. Antennae pale yellow, joint 1 and apex
of 2 marked with reddish. Length, 2.8 — 3.3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 23 — Dec. 6. Two macropterous speci-
mens swept from huckleberry, another from beneath a chunk
on margin of pond. Described from Texas ; recorded elsewhere
only from California.

847 (1199). Parthenicus vaccini (Van Duzee), 1915, 117.

Macropterous form — Elongate, subparallel. Greenish-white, head,
calli and scutellum tinged with brownish-yellow; pronotum, scutellum
and elytra dotted with fuscous, the dots condensed on apical fourth of
corium and near tip of cuneus; commissure with a brown line behind tip
of clavus ; membrane translucent white, veins pale brown, four brown
spots on margin; femora straw-yellow, their apical half with brown
spots, those on hind femora sometimes merging; under surface pale
brownish-yellow, more or less tinged with fuscous. Antennae straw-yel-
low, joint 1 whitish with a black dot on inner face, but slightly surpass-
ing tylus; 2 with a few vague brown dots, slightly longer than 3, 4 sub-
equal in length to 1. Head prolonged in front of eyes a distance equal
to width of an eye. Elytra nearly twice the length of abdomen. Length,
2.7 — 3.5 mm. Brachypterous form — Oval; membrane abbreviated,
scarcely reaching tip of abdomen. Length, 1.6 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 6 ; one brachypterous female swept from
tall grasses near the margin of a pond ; compared with allotype.

806 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

Ipswich, Mass., July 22 (/ 'an Dusee). Recorded heretofore only
from Massachusetts and Long Island, N. Y., where it occurs
in July on cranberry, / 'accinium macrocarpon Ait. The white,
scale-like pubescence, notable in fresh specimens, is easily
eroded, leaving the surface polished.

848 (1214). Parthenicus JUNIPERI (Heidemann) , 1905a, 49.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Pale green fading to greenish-yellow;
above thickly clothed with short, suberect golden-yellow hairs, intermixed
with longer brownish ones, these easily abraded ; the dark ones often
combined to form a small dark spot near basal angles of scutellum, and
others on inner edge of cuneus at middle and base; head, apical third of
corium, cuneus in great part and under surface of hind femora more or
less tinged with reddish ; scutellum and often the base of clavus pale
fuscous; membrane dusky translucent, somewhat iridescent, the veins
white; legs greenish-yellow; under surface of body and upper side of
hind femora usually pale dusky brown. Head shorter and more nearly
vertical than in vaccini. Length, 2.7 — 3 mm.

Putnam Co., Ind., July 4 — Oct. 1. Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 14 —
April 1 ; recorded also from Crescent City, that State. Beaten
in numbers in autumn from its host plant, the red cedar, Juni-
perus virginiana L. One Dunedin specimen was taken in Febru-
ary from beneath a log. The known range extends from On-
tario and New England west to Indiana, and southwest to
Florida, its distribution being probably much more extensive
than the records show.

Tribe IV. PILOPHORINI Kirkaldy, 1906, 132.

To this tribe, as characterized in the key, p. 796, belong four
of our eastern genera of the subfamily.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF TRIBE PILOPHORINI.

(/. Basal half of vertex compressed to a thin edge, which slightly over-
laps the apex of pronotum; first antennal not longer than width of
vertex; hind tibia? of males usually compressed.
I). Joint 2 of antennas thickened toward apex; width of head less than
width of pronotum at base.
c. Elytra constricted or coarctate at middle and bearing white pubes-
cent bands. I. PlLOPHORUS, p. 807.
cc. Elytra with sides subparallel and without white pubescent bands
or cross-bars. II. Alepidiella, p. 817.
bb. Joint 2 of antenna? scarcely thickened toward apex; width of head
across eyes greater than width of pronotum at base; elytra with
sides parallel and usually without white pubescent bands.

III. Alepidia, p. 817.
a<i. Base of vertex not compressed; length of first antennal subequal to

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^. 807

width of head across eyes; hind tibia? cylindrical; front half of
pronotum subcylindrical, its sides subparallel.

IV. PSEUDOXENETUS, p. 818.

I. Pilophorus Hahn, 1826, 23.

Elongate, subcylindrical, sparsely pubescent species having
the head broadly triangular, declivent, compressed behind, tylus
depressed and fused with the front, beak reaching or slightly
surpassing middle coxa?; antennae stout, about half the length
of body, the joints variable as to species; pronotum subcam-
panulate, apex narrower than head across eyes, basal half con-
vex, sides sinuate, often with a broad vague constriction at
middle, calli obsolete; elytra entire, slightly surpassing abdo-
men, their sides broadly concave along the middle third ; corium
usually with a short bar composed of silvery-gray scales across
basal third which reaches only to claval suture and a second bar
of similar scales at apical third which is either entire or slightly
interrupted on the commissure ; clavus convex, strongly de-
flexed to corium, cuneus and membrane deflexed ; hind legs
with femora thickened, tibise more or less curved, tarsi with
joint 3 longest, 2 slightly shorter than 1. Of the genus Uhler
(1887a, 29) wrote:

"The genus Philophorus has such a different facies from our other
known Capsidae that it would seem to be recognizable at once by the shape
and adjustment of the head alone. It is very broad and curves back be-
yond the sides of the swollen pronotum, sits close against it, is of a coni-
cal form, scooped out behind and below; there is a high carina connecting
the eyes, and the face is very sloping anteriorly. The ant-like form of
the body, especially in the nymph, together with its habit of rapidly
coursing over the bark of trees, renders it liable to be mistaken for one
of the small red or brown Formicidae."

Nineteen nominal species of the genus occur in the eastern
states."4 For convenience of treatment t'hey are divided into
three groups.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF PILOPHORUS.

a. Elytra polished over the entire area behind the posterior silvery
crossbar.
b. Scutellum nearly flat or only moderately convex. Group I, p. 808.
bb. Middle of scutellum strongly convex, almost conically produced up-
ward. Group II, p. 813.
aa. Elytra polished behind the posterior silvery cross-bar, but only on
the outer area between the radial vein and mai'gin.

Group III, p. 815.

k,The P. schwarzi Reut. (1909, 741 was described from California and, accord-
ing to Knight (Ms.), all eastern records are based on wrong identifications.

808 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

Group I. — Pilophorus.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF GROUP I, PILOPHORUS.

a. Corium with only one cross-bar of silvery scales present, this the
usual posterior one; clavus with a wedge-shaped spot of bluish
bloom on outer basal third ; basal half of corium less than half the
width of apical third; length, 6 mm. 849. brimleyi.

aa. Corium with two cross-bars of silvery-gray scales, one subbasal, the
other at apical third.
6. Elytra beset with numerous suberect short black bristle-like hairs,
these best visible from the side.
c. Larger, length 5 or more mm.
d. Joint 3 of antennas black or brown, nearly as thick as joint 1.

859. VANDUZEEI.
dd. Joint 3 of antennas pale, the apical half fuscous, slender, scarcely
thicker than joint 4. 851. uhleri.

cc. Smaller, length 3 mm. 852. buenoi.

66. Elytra clothed only with fine recumbent pubescence, this some-
times black, but not suberect and bristle-like.
e. Elytra yellowish-brown to dark brown, except behind posterior
silvery line.
/. Joint 3 of antennas pale, scarcely infuscated at apex; hind tibias
strongly compressed, almost carinate.
g. Second antennal nearly four times as long as width of vertex;
length of body, 5 — 5.2 mm. 853. strobicola.

gg. Second antennal three times as long as width of vertex; length
of body 3.8 — 4.2 mm. 854. piceicola.

ff. Joint 3 of antennas reddish-brown to piceous; hind tibias only
slightly compressed. 855. cinnamopterus.

ee. Elytra bright cinnamon fulvous, except behind the posterior silvery
line.
h. Larger, length 4.5 or more mm. ; posterior silvery line not inter-
rupted on corium but slightly projected forward on commis-
sure; joint 2 of antennas gradually thickened toward apex.

856. AMCENUS.
hh. Smaller, length not more than 3.7 mm. ; posterior silvery line in-
terrupted on corium but not broken at claval suture.
i. Second antennal with apical third abruptly strongly clavate, its
length greater than distance between tip of tylus and hind
margin of pronotum. 857. l/etus.

li. Second antennal gradually thickened from middle toward apex,
its length not equal to distance between tip of tylus and base
of pronotum. 858. JUNIPERI.

849 (— ). Pilophorus brimleyi Blatchley, 1926, 165.

Head, pronotum and scutellum dark blackish-brown, shining; clavus
with inner basal third and apical half velvety-black, outer basal third
with an inverse wedge-shaped spot covered with a bluish bloom, which
extends back and broadens between the two velvety ones; corium with-
out a trace of the usual sub-basal whitish cross-bar of the genus, the one
on apical third present but short, not reaching claval suture and en-
closed by a small bluish area; narrow basal half and a broad cross-bar

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 809

just behind the white one, velvety black, area behind the velvety bar and
entire cuneus steel-gray; membrane dusky-translucent, the cells and a
spot behind tip of cuneus darker; femora dark brown, shining; knees
and tips of coxa? yellowish, tibia? and tarsi pale brown; pleura dark
brown, ventrals shining black. Joint 1 of antenna? brown, paler at base
and tip, slightly shorter than width of vertex; 2 brownish-yellow, darker
toward apex, gradually thickened from the base, four times as long as
1 ; 3 dull yellow, minutely pubescent, two-fifths as long as 2, 4 missing.
Pronotum campanulate, basal portion strongly and evenly convex, little
longer, but much wider and higher than front one, minutely granulate
or subalutaceous. Scutellum small, moderately convex. Elytra strongly
constricted, the basal half of corium less than half the width of apical
third. Hind tibia?, male, almost twice as long as femora, very slender,
slightly flattened, feebly curved. Length, 6 mm.

Type, a male in the collection of the Division of Entomology,
State Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. Car. Taken at
Windsor, N. Car., July 7, 1925. Named in honor of C. S. Brim-
ley, of Raleigh, who has furnished many specimens to aid my
work on Heteroptera. It differs from all described forms of
the genus in having but one whitish cross-bar on corium, in
the form of the bluish bloom-covered spot on clavus, in the
distinctly bell-shaped pronotum and very narrow basal half of
corium.

850 ( — ). Pilophorus vanduzeei Knight, 1923, 540.

Head and pronotum blackish-brown, opaque, sparsely clothed with
deciduous silvery hairs and erect bristle-like darker ones; scutellum shin-
ing black with similar silvery scales; basal two-thirds of elytra dark
velvety-brown, the area behind posterior silvery bar, including cuneus,
polished fuscous-brown; membrane dusky translucent with a darker
lunate spot at apex of larger cell; under surface and femora dark fuscous-
brown; tibia? paler brown; front coxa? in part yellow. Joints 1 — 3 of an-
tenna? reddish- to blackish-brown, 1 two-thirds the length of width of ver-
tex; 2 five times as long as 1, gradually thickened from base to apex,
much more so in female, 3 about two-fifths the length of 2, 4 pale, darker
at tip, nearly as long as 3. Beak reaching onto middle coxa?. Pronotum
with sides much less deeply sinuate than in amcenus Uhl., the basal half
of disk finely, transversely rugose-granulate. Scutellum with apical half
and sides flattened, middle third with an obtuse tubercle. Hind tibia? of
male strongly flattened, distinctly curved. Length, 5 — 5.3 mm.

Lake County, Ind., July 14. Beaten from the gray pine,
Pinus divaricata (Ait.). Lakehurst and Jamesburg, N. J.;
Staten Island, N. Y., August (Davis). Recorded only from
Massachusetts, New Jersey, Maryland and Washington, D. C.
Occurs on the red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait. Distinguished by its
dark color, erect black hairs of upper surface and feebly sinuate
sides of pronotum. The P. crassipes Van Duzee (1918, 293) nee.
Poppius is a synonym.

810 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.-E.

851 ( — ). Pilophorus uhleri Knight, 1923, 541.

Form and size of vanduzeei. Pronotum black, thinly clothed with
suberect black hairs — but without silvery scale-like hairs. Elytra as in
vanduzeei, the posterior silvery line distinctly broader; sides of ventrals
3 — 6 each with an oblique patch of silvery scale-like pubescence. Joints
1 and 2 of antenna? blackish-brown, 1 two-thirds as long as width of ver-
tex, 2 four and two-third times as long as 1 ; 3 as in key, sometimes suf-
fused with pink, nearly one-third as long as 2; 4 pale, dusky towards tip,
one-tenth shorter than 3. Beak reaching tips of middle coxa?. Hind
tibia? feebly compressed, not distinctly flattened as in vanduzeei. Length,
5 mm.

Batavia, N. Y., July 14; Olivia, Minn., June 28 (Minn. Univ.
Coll.). Recorded only from Ontario and New York. Breeds
on the tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi), and the Scotch pine,
Finns sylvestris L.

852 (— ). Pilophorus buenoi Poppius, 1914, 243.

Brownish-yellow, clothed with short erect hairs; base of head, pro-
notum toward base and scutellum brownish-black; clavus, corium behind
posterior cross-bar, cuneus and ventrals a deeper shining black; mem-
brane black, not translucent. Joint 1 of antenna? yellow, about one-third
shorter than eye; 2 reddish-yellow, feebly gradually thickened toward tip,
three and a half times longer than 1. Head strongly inclined, narrower
than basal margin of pronotum. Beak reaching middle coxa?. Pronotum
about one-half shorter than wide at base, hind margin truncate, one-half
wider than front one; sides rather strongly concave. Scutellum mod-
erately convex. Elytra slightly constricted, surpassing abdomen. Length,
3 mm.

Described from Southern Pines, N. Car., and known only
from there. Most closely related to P. laetus, but head narrower
and longer, second antennal more gradually thickened and
upper surface beset with short stiff hairs.

853 ( — ). Pilophorus strobicola Knight, 1926b, 19.

Head and pronotum dark brown to blackish, clothed with fine silvery
scale-like pubescence; scutellum chestnut-brown or black with a row of
similar pubescence each side; basal two-thirds of eytra dull reddish-brown
with the usual cross-bars of silvery pubescence, the hind one slightly in-
terrupted at suture, the area behind it including cuneus, polished fus-
cous brown; membrane dusky translucent, faintly iridescent, the large
cell in great part fuscous; legs reddish-brown; under surface dark chest-
nut-brown, shining, sides of ventrals 3 — 6 of male with an oblique patch
of silvery-gray pubescence. Joint 1 of antenna? reddish-brown, four-fifths
as long as width of vertex; 2 five times as long as 1, strongly clavate,
more so in female, the apical third darkest; 3 yellowish-white, one third
the length of 2; 4 pale fuscous, but little shorter than 3. Basal half of pro-
notum transversely rugose. Middle of scutellum elevated as an obtuse
tubercle. Length, 5 — 5.2 mm.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^. 811

Blowing Rock, N. Car., June 9 (Brimley). Clayton, Ga., June
(Davis). Ranges from Quebec and New England west to
Minnesota and southwest to Georgia. Breeds on the white pine,
Pinus strobus L. The long, strongly clavate second antennal and
pale third one, together with the strongly compressed hind
tibia?, distinguish this from its nearest allies. Poppius (1914,
243) described P. crassipes from Manitou, Colo., Riverton and
Lakehurst, N. J., Washington, D. C, and Williams, Ariz.
Knight (1923, 542) described the species he now calls strobicola
under the name of Poppius, but later (1926b, 19) restricted
the name crassipes to the western forms of Poppius and placed
th? eastern forms of that author under vanduseei Knight.

854 ( — ). Pilophorus piceicola Knight, 1926b, 19.

Color of strobicola. Basal portion of elytra yellowish-brown, clothed
with recumbent black hairs and a few yellow scale-like ones. Posterior
silvery bar straight, entire. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae fusco-brownish,
1 three-fifths as long as width of vertex; 2 five times as long as 1, its
apical half more strongly swollen than in strobicola ; 3 white, darker at
tip, one-third the length of 2; 4 pale, apical third fuscous, as long as 3.
Length, 3.8—4.2 mm.

Known only from southern New York, where it was taken by
Bueno in July from spruce.

855 (1129). Pilophorus cinnamopterus (Kirschbaum), 1855, 116.

Pale cinnamon-brown, sparsely clothed with very short yellowish-
hairs; pronotum and scutellum black; area of corium behind posterior
bar shining brown ; cuneus brown with a small white pubescent spot at
inner basal angle; membrane fuscous-brown, iridescent; legs brown, base
of femora reddish-yellow; tarsi brownish-yellow, third joint and claws
piceous. Joint 1 of antennae brownish yellow, one half as long as width
of vertex; 2 fuscous-brown, paler toward base, thickened toward apex,
four and one-half times as long as 1 ; 3 black, base reddish, three-eighths
as long as 2; 4 yellowish-white, apex brown, slightly shorter and more
slender than 3. Beak reaching first ventral. Pronotum and scutellum
finely transversely wrinkled, the latter with a crescent-shaped bar of
white pubescence near tip. Length, 4 mm.

Heme Bay, England, August (British Mus. Coll.). A European
species recorded in this country only by Osborn (1900, 12)
from Ohio. Occurs in Europe on oaks and Pinus sylvestris L.
Readily known from strobicola by the dark third antennal and
small white spot on cuneus.

856 (1131). Pilophorus amcenus Uhler, 1887a, 30.

Head and pronotum dark fuscous-brown, subopaque; scutellum dark
brown, a small tuft of white hairs near apex and another each side of

812

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

base; basal two-thirds of elytra dull brownish-yellow with straight white
cross-bar reaching claval suture at basal third of corium and another at
apical third; area behind the latter fuscous-brown, shining; membrane
a uniform dusky translucent; under surface piceous-brown, strongly
shining, legs dark chestnut-brown. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dark red-
dish- or fuscous-brown, 1 half as long as width of vertex, 2 four and a
half times as long as 1, 3 and 4 brownish-yellow, darker towards tips, 3
two-fifths the length of 2, 4 slightly shorter than 3. Pronotum with sides
deeply sinuate, basal portion somewhat flaring with hind angles promi-
nent, its disk finely scabrous. Scutellum with basal and apical areas
flat, the former on a higher plane, the middle with an obtuse elongate
tubercle. Elytra smooth. Hind tibia? of male distinctly compressed.
Length, 4.8—5.5 mm. (Fig. 179).

Fig. 179. ft, Adult X 10 ; h & c, nymphs.
(After Drake, Tech. Pubi. 16, N. Y. St. Coll. For.).

Floyd and Crawford counties, Ind., June 23; beaten from
foliage of yellow pine, Pinus echinata Mill. The known range ex-
tends from Ontario and New England west to southern Indiana
and southwest to Maryland. Recorded also from California
and New Mexico. Drake (1923, 77) found it common about
Cranberry Lake, N. Y., June to August, on yellow birch, beech,
maple, white pine and herbaceous plants. Breeds on white pine.

857 ( — ). Pilophorus LjETUS Van Duzee, 1918, 294.

Piceous, more or less castaneous, head, antennae and legs paler; base
of elytra bright cinnamon-brown, the apical area and posterior silvery
line as in ee and hh of key; cuneus with a silvery point on inner basal

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 813

angle; front and hind coxa? and basal joint of tarsi whitish. Joint 1 of
antenna? brownish; 2 five times as long as 1, pale at base, its clavate
apical third blackish; 3 whitish, fuscous at tip, two-fifths the length of 2;
4 dusky, slightly longer than 3. Beak reaching hind coxa?. Elytra much
wider toward apex. Length, 3.5 — 3.7 mm.

Recorded only from Washington, D. C, and Woodbine, N. J.,
where it occurs in June and August on Pinus virginiana Mill.

858 ( — ). Pilophorus juniperi Knight, 1923, 543.

Dark brownish-back ; elytra in front of posterior silvery line fulvous ;
membrane blackish toward base, pale fuscous apically and along sides of
cuneus; legs fuscous brown; ventrals dark brown, shining, sides of seg-
ments 3 — 5 each with a patch of silvery hairs. Joint 1 of antenna? brown,
three-fifths as long as width of vertex; 2 as in key, brown, apical half
black, four times as long as 1 ; 3 pale, fuscous toward tip, two-fifths as
long as 2; 4 fuscous, as long as 3. Beak reaching between middle coxa?.
Length, 3.7 mm.

Gray Cloud, Minn., July 20 {Minn. Univ. Coll.). Ranges from
New England west to Minnesota and south to New Jersey.
Breeds on red cedar, Juniperus virginiana L.

Group II. — Pilophorus.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OP GROUP II, PILOPHORUS.

a. Elytra dark brownish-black with apex of clavus as well as corium
polished behind posterior silvery line; front silvery line projected
somewhat obliquely backward, nearly or quite reaching the hind
one; length, 4.1 mm. 859. furvus.

««. Elytra cinnamon-brown to fulvous, only the polished apical area dark
brown to piceous.
b. Second antennal subequal in length to width of vertex; length 3 mm.
c. Front half of head not conically produced ; eyes not covering front
angles of pronotum. 860. heidemanni.

cc. Front half of head conically produced ; eyes strongly concave be-
hind, so set as to completely cover front angles of pronotum.

861. nasicus.

bb. Second antennal almost equal to width of head across eyes; length

3.5 mm. 862. depictus.

859 ( — ). Pilophorus furvus Knight, 1923, 539.

Dark brownish-black; pronotum with side margins reddish-brown;
basal angles and apex of scutellum with a tuft of silvery scale-like hairs ;
elytra as in key; cuneus piceous, polished and with a silvery spot near
inner basal angle; membrane pale fuscous, apical half of cells and middle
of disk opaque blackish; legs concolorous with elytra, tibia? somewhat
paler, trochanters, joints 1 and 2 of tarsi and apex of hind coxa?, pale;
ventrals dark brown, shining, finely pubescent. Joints 1 and 2 of an-
tenna? dark reddish-brown ; 1 two-fifths as long as width of vertex, 2 four

814 FAMILY XXIX. MIRID;£.

times as long as 1 ; 3 more slender, basal half pale, apical half dark
brown, two-fifths as long as 2. Beak not reaching middle coxae. Meso-
scutum broadly exposed. Length, 4.1 mm.

Known only from Lakehurst, N. J.

860 ( — ). PlLOPHORUS HEIDEMANNI Poppius, 1914, 240.

General color brown; base of head, hind portion of pronotum and
apical third of corium blackish-brown; scutellum, except tip, and re-
mainder of elytra reddish-brown; posterior silvery cross-bar broken into
three spots, the middle one the smaller; cuneus shining black, its inner
basal angle with a small patch of white scales; membrane smoke-brown;
ventrals and legs brown; coxa? and joints 1 and 2 of tarsi yellowish-
white. Antennae blackish-brown, joint 1 paler, not reaching tip of tylus;
2 gradually thickened from base to apex, not quite twice as long as 1.
Beak reaching tips of middle coxae. Pronotum about one-half shorter
than wide at base, hind margin concave, almost twice as wide as front
one. Scutellum strongly convex, only its tip fiat. Elytra in both sexes
slightly surpassing abdomen. Length, 3 — 3.2 mm.

Recorded only from Virginia and West Virginia, where it was
taken by Heidemann in August and September.

861 ( — ). Pilophorus nasicus Knight, 1926b, 18.

Head and pronotum fuscous-black; elytra yellowish-brown; cuneus,
apical area of corium and embolium dark fuscous-brown, shining, cuneus
with a tuft of silvery scales on inner basal angle; silvery cross-bars of
elytra interrupted, the hind one composed of four tufts of silvery hairs
set on dark brown spots; membrane and veins fuscous-brown; legs yel-
lowish-brown; ventrals dark brown, the two basal ones paler. Joint 1
of antennae two-thirds as long as width of vertex; 3 and 4 brownish-
black, pale at base, 4 slightly shorter than 3. Scutellum rather strongly
convex with tufts of silvery scales on basal angles and apex. Length,
2.9 mm.

Known only by a single male taken by Davis in November
at Newberry, Fla.

862 (— ). Pilophorus depictus Knight, 1923, 539.

Head and pronotum brownish-black; scutellum and membrane as in
furvus; elytra as in aa of key, the posterior silvery cross-bar twice inter-
rupted; entire area behind it, including cuneus, piceous, polished; legs
brownish-black, trochanters and apical half of hind coxae, white. Joint
1 of antennae brownish, slightly less than one-half as long as width of
vertex; 2 black, brownish at base, four times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 fus-
cous, paler at base, 3 two-fifths as long as 2. 4 slightly shorter. Beak
reaching between middle coxae. Apical half of elytra flaring, widest at
cuneal fracture. Length, 3.5 mm.

Known only by a single female taken near Washington, D. C,
and now in the Cornell University collection.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 815

Group III. — Pilophorus.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP III, PILOPHORUS.

a. Posterior transverse silvery line of clavus and corium nearly

straight, bent slightly forward on commissure. 863. perplexus.

an. Posterior transverse silvery line of clavus and corium dislocated and

projected forward on commissure.

b. Joint 2 of antennas shorter than the distance between tip of tylus

and basal margin of pi-onotum; smaller, length not exceeding

3.5 mm.

c. Beak scarcely reaching hind margin of mesosternum; inner por-

tion of posterior silvery band not projected forward to form a
transverse line with that on clavus. 864. walshii.

cc. Beak reaching middle of hind coxae; inner portion of interrupted
posterior silvery band projected forward and forming a trans-
verse line with that on clavus. 865. GEMINUS.
bb. Joint 2 of antennae as long as or longer than distance between tip
of tylus and basal margin of pronotum; larger, length 4 or more
mm.

d. Clavus of the same brown color as corium; joint 2 of antenna?

subequal in length to distance between tip of tylus and base of
pronotum. 866. brunneus.

dd. Clavus distinctly darker bordering scutellum and commissure;
joint 2 of antennae distinctly longer than distance between tip
of tylus and base of pronotum. 867. clavatus.

863 ( — ). Pilophorus perplexus Douglas & Scott, 1875, 101.

Head, pronotum and scutellum fuscous-brown to blackish ; elytra
uniformly dark brown clothed with minute yellow pubescence, the poste-
rior silvery cross-bar as in key; membrane uniformly dark fuscous, feebly
iridescent. Joint 1 of antennae brownish, only one-third as long as width
of vertex; 2 brown, darker toward apex, nearly five times as long as 1;
3 and 4 fuscous, paler toward base, 3 two-fifths as long as 2, male, four-
fifths as long as 2, female; 4 slightly shorter than 3, male, one-half the
length of 3, female. Scutellum with a short white pubescent stripe each
side of base. Length, 4 mm.

Hollington and Woodstreet, England, August (British Mus.
Coll.). A European species recorded in this country from
Nova Scotia and New York. Occurs on goldenrod.

864 (1132). Pilophorus walshi Uhler, 1887a, 30.

Head in great part dull reddish-yellow, the base of vertex fuscous;
pronotum fuscous-brown, subopaque; scutellum dark brown, shining, with
a row of silvery scales each side; elytra dull yellowish, sometimes darker,
with two narrow silvery bands as in amoznus, the hind one projected
slightly forward on claval commissure, the inner half of the area behind
it of the same hue, the outer half and cuneus a polished fuscous-brown;
inner basal angle of cuneus with a silvery spot; membrane dusky; legs
and under surface in great part dull reddish-yellow, coxae paler; hind

816 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

femora, last three ventrals and tarsi tinged with fuscous. Antennae with
joint 1 and basal three-fourths of 2 reddish-brown, apical fourth of 2
fuscous; 1 three-fifths as long as width of vertex, 2 four times as long
as 1; 3 and 4 dusky, 3 paler at base, one-third longer than 4. Pronotum
shorter, with sides less sinuate, than in amcenus. Length, 3.3 — 3.5 mm.

Lake and Marion counties, Incl., June 11 — July 15; frequent
on honey locust (W.S.B.). Palos Park and Willow Springs,
111., May 31— June 28 (Gerhard). Recorded from New York
west to Iowa, Missouri and Colorado.

865 ( — ). Pilophorus geminus Knight, 1926b, 22.

Head and pronotum brownish-black, cheeks and lorae more yellowish;
elytra pale cinnamon-yellow, base and apex of clavus, outer half of
corium, cuneus and apex of embolium, dull blackish; posterior silvery bar
interrupted, its inner portion set forward as in key; membrane fuscous,
cells and veins yellowish; legs yellowish-brown, coxae paler, hind tibiae
fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae yellowish, half as long as width of vertex;
2 dusky yellow, cylindrical, four times as long as 1 ; 3 blackish, pale at
base, two-fifths the length of 2, 4 black, almost as long as 3. Length,
3.2 mm.

Known only from Minnesota and Wonewac, Wis.

866 ( — ). Pilophorus brunneus Poppius, 1914, 244.

Form of walshi but slightly larger. Color darker, vertex and prono-
tum fuscous-black; basal two-thirds of elytra dark brown; middle of
posterior silvery line projected slightly forward, outer half of area be-
hind it and cuneus polished fuscous; membrane dusky translucent; under
surface fuscous-brown, shining; legs reddish-brown, the coxae pale yellow.
Joint 1 of antennae half as long as width of vertex, 2 dark brown, black-
ish at tip, five times as long as 1, 3 and 4 fuscous, paler at base, 4 three-
fourths the length of 3. Length, 4 mm.

Lake and Marion counties, Ind., June 19 — Sept. 24; beaten
from willow. Recorded only from New York.

867 (1128). Pilophorus clavatus (Linnaeus), 1767, 729.

Elongate, robust for the genus, subdepressed above. Vertex, prono-
tum and scutellum fuscous-black, subopaque; inner half of clavus fus-
cous-brown, outer half of clavus and basal two-thirds of elytra dark red-
dish-brown thinly clothed with short yellowish hairs and with the usual
silvery lines, the hind one interrupted on suture; cuneus and outer half
of corium adjoining polished fuscous-brown; membrane with a rounded
reddish-brown spot at middle, the apical half paler; legs reddish-brown,
hind femora tinged with fuscous, all the coxae in great part dull yellow;
under surface fuscous-brown, the sides of ventrals 2 — 4 with an oblique
bar of silvery-gray scales. Joint 1 of antennae reddish-brown, one-half as
long as width of vertex; 2 reddish-brown with apex darker, gradually
feebly thickened from the base, five times as long as 1 ; 3 with basal
half reddish-yellow, apical half blackish, two-fifths the length of 2; 4 fus-

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 817

cous, three-fifths as long as 3. Pronotum with sides less deeply sinuate
than in amcenus, the base about one-half wider than apex. Scutellum
with an obtuse median tubercle. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Cary, 111., Aug. 27, on oak (Gerhard). Oliverea, N. Y., June
(Davis) . A European species, recorded in this country from
Ontario, Massachusetts, New York, Minnesota and North
Dakota. In Europe it occurs on willows, alders and birches.

II. Alepidiella Poppius, 1914, 252.

Differs from PUopJwrus and Alepidia mainly by the characters
given in generic key. Head strongly inclined, wider than long;
vertex almost flat, margined behind ; beak reaching middle
coxae; pronotum wider at base than long, base one-third wider
than apex, hind margin broadly concave ; mesoscutum widely
exposed ; elytra surpassing abdomen, cuneus wider than long,
strongly deflexed ; hind tibiae compressed, slightly curved ;
joints 1 and 2 of hind tarsi subequal, united about as long as
3. One species is known.

868 ( — ). Alepidiella heidemanni Poppius, 1914, 253.
Blackish-brown; front of head brown; elytra brownish-yellow, tip

of clavus and inner apical half of corium darker; outer apical angle of
corium and outer margin and tip of cuneus blackish; membrane brown-
ish-yellow, a dark spot at center; ventrals dark brown. Joint 1 of anten-
nae yellow, seen from the side one-third shorter than eye; 2 blackish-
brown, four times longer than 1. Length, 3.5 mm.

Originally described from a single male taken at Washing-
ton, D. C, July 18 by McAfee. Not known elsewhere.

III. Alepidia Reuter, 1909, 75.

"Closely related to Pilophorus. Differs in having the second
joint of antennae more slender, scarcely swollen near apex;
elytra with sides parallel, not coarctate at middle, destitute of
a whitish pubescent fascia and cuneus nearly horizontal."
(Ratter) . One species is known.

869 (1133). Alepidia gracilis (Uhler), 1895, 42.

Elongate, subparallel, subdepressed above. Head, pronotum and
scutellum fuscous-black, feebly shining; elytra dark fuscous-brown, em-
bolium and basal fourth of corium dull yellow; membrane dusky trans-
lucent with usually a darker spot at middle of larger cell; legs greenish-
yellow; under surface black, strongly shining. Joints 1 and 2 of anten-
na? dull yellow, 1 one-half as long as width of vertex; 2 slightly longer
than pronotum, its apex often darker; 3 and 4 fuscous, filiform, 3 one-

818 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

half as long as 2, 4 two-thirds the length of 3. Beak reaching middle
coxae. Eyes very large, flattened behind, overlapping front angles of
pronotum. Pronotum feebly narrowed from base to apex, disk finely
wrinkled, hind angles obtusely rounded. Length, 3.8 — 4.2 mm.

Lake and Marion counties, Ind., July 14 — Aug. 15. Kissim-
mee, Fla., Feb. 16 ; this the only record for that State
{IV. S. B.) . Jamesburg, N. J., July 2 {Davis) . Described from
Colorado. Occurs in the east from Massachusetts and New
York to Virginia, Florida and Alabama. Breeds on the scrub
and red pines. Knight (1926b, 26) has described as var.
squamosa, a form having several small patches of silvery pubes-
cence on the elytra and includes among his paratypespartof the
Indiana and Florida specimens above mentioned.

IV. Pseudoxenetus Reuter, 1909, 66.

Elongate, slender-bodied glabrous species having the head
feebly exserted, wider across eyes than apex of pronotum, its
front declivent ; eyes large, elongate-oval ; beak reaching middle
coxae; antennae slender, three-fourths the length of body, joint 1
longer than head, 2 feebly thickened toward apex, three times
as long as 1, 3 and 4 much more slender, united slightly shorter
than 2 ; pronotum campanulate, apical portion subcylindrical,
basal portion convex, much wider, humeral angles subacute,
hind margin broadly concave, leaving the convex mesoscutum
widely exposed ; elytra entire, surpassing tip of abdomen,
feebly broadly constricted at middle, commissure twice the
length of scutellum, cuneus elongate-triangular, feebly de-
flexed ; joints 1 and 2 of hind tarsi subequal in length, 3 about
as long as the others united. Two species are known.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PSEUDOXENETUS.

a. Apical half or more of scutellum yellowish-white, remainder black;
pronotum and pro- and mesosterna black or dark brown.

870. SCUTELLATUS.

aa. Apical half or more of scutellum black, remainder reddish; basal
half of pronotum and pro- and mesosterna reddish.

871. REGALIS.

870 (1160). Pseudoxenetus scutellatus (Uhler), 1890, 81.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Color somewhat variable; head and prono-
tum usually black, shining; elytra fuscous-black or dark brown, sub-
opaque; apical half or more of scutellum and a bar across base of cuneus
yellowish-white, remainder of cuneus piceous, shining, membrane dark
fuscous; joint 1 of antennae brownish above, yellowish beneath, 2 dark
brown, 3 and 4 dusky white; legs fuscous-brown, front and middle tibiae

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 819

paler; under surface piceous, shining. Head minutely granulate, vertex
with a narrow impressed longitudinal line. Basal half of pronotum
vaguely transversely rugose. Mesoscutum strongly convex, smooth, shin-
ing. Elytra almost smooth. Length, 6.5 — 7.5 mm.

Scarce throughout Indiana, May 12 — July 11; beaten from
oak and swept from herbage along margins of woodland.
Ranges from Ontario and New England west to Michigan and
Illinois and southwest to North Carolina. The records of its
occurrence are remarkably few, taking into consideration its
rather wide distribution, peculiar form and coloration. Breeds
on the yellow and white oaks, Quercus muhlenbergia Engl, and
Q. alba L., and occasionally on ash. In teneral specimens the
general color is brownish with basal half of pronotum some-
times reddish as in regalis, but scutellum always in part whitish.

871 (1159). Pseudoxenetus regalis (Uhler), 1890, 80.

Differs from scutellatus mainly by the characters given in key, the
basal half of pronotum and the mesoscutum being reddish or reddish-
yellow, as are also the pro- and mesosterna and sometimes the lower part
of head; white bar at base of cuneus more often wanting; antennae black-
ish to fuscous, basal half of joint 3 pale; legs piceous-brown, the tibiae
somewhat paler. Length, 7 — 7.5 mm.

Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 28 — April 1 ; beaten from
its host plant, the live oak, Quercus virginiana Mill., recorded also
from Bellaire and Jacksonville, Fla. Long Island, N. Y., June
20 (Davis) . Ranges from New York and central Illinois, south-
west to Florida and Texas. Uhler mentions it as occurring in
Pennsylvania on the white-heart hickory, Hicoria alba (L.).
It is very probable that a large series from all parts of the
country will show that this and the preceding are but color
forms of the same species, in which case the name regalis will
have precedence, and our more common northern form will be
known as P. regalis scutellatus (Uhl.). The Davis specimen,
identified by Knight as regalis, has the apical half of scutellum
white, basal half of pronotum red.

Tribe V. CERATOCAPSINI Van Duzee, 1916a, 211.

To this tribe, as characterized in the key, p. 796, belong two
of our eastern genera.

KEY TO GENERA OF TRIBE CERATOCAPSINI.

a. Pronotum with front portion subcylindrical, rather abruptly flaring
behind middle, basal half of disk strongly convex; embolar margins
sinuate on basal half. I. Pamillia.

820 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

aa. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, its sides nearly straight and gradually
converging from base to apex, not constricted at middle; embolar
margins not sinuate. II. Ceratocapsus.*"1

I. Pamillia Uhler, 1887a, 31.

Differs from Pilophorus in having the head longer and more
convex, front more nearly vertical ; antennae much stouter, of
nearly equal thickness throughout, joint 1 three-fifths as long
as width of vertex, 2 longer than pronotum, four times the
length of 1, 3 and 4 subequal, united one-fifth longer than 2 ;
pronotum as in key, calli wanting; elytra widened behind the
middle, outer margin of corium broadly curved ; cuneus broader
at base than long, strongly deflected, the fracture deep ; arolia
free, converging apically. Two species are known, one occur-
ring in our territory.

872 (— ). Pamillia davisi Knight, 1923, 535.

Elongate, widened behind middle. Dark reddish-brown, finely pubes-
cent; joints 1 and 2 of antenna? brownish-yellow, 3 and 4 dark brown,
thickly clothed with fine short yellow hairs; basal half of clavus paler
brown, both it and corium sparsely beset with short erect black bristles;
corium with a pale brown pruinose band across middle and a strongly
shining area on apical third; basal half of embolium amber-brown, trans-
lucent; membrane brownish-black, paler towards tip; legs reddish-brown,
trochanters and tips of coxa? paler; ventrals dark brown, strongly shin-
ing, the third pruinose. Front of head and vertex alutaceous. Beak
reaching between middle coxae. Scutellum transversely rugose, apical
third opaque. Length, 3.8 mm.

Recorded only from Manumuskin and Lakehurst, N. J.,
where it was taken in September by Davis.

II. Ceratocapsus Reuter, 1876, 87.

Oblong-oval, feebly shining species having the head inserted
in thorax to eyes, wider across eyes than apex of pronotum, its
front declivent ; vertex with a median longitudinal impressed
line ; beak slender, reaching or surpassing middle coxae ; anten-
nae stout, shorter than body, joints 2 and 3 of nearly equal
thickness, 3 usually stouter than 4, the relative length of all
joints variable as to species ; eyes prominent, more so in male,
coarsely granulated ; pronotum as in generic key, trapezoidal,

S6The principal characters separating Tiryus (Trichia) Kent, from Ceratocapsus
Reut., as set forth by Reuter (1876) and Van Duzee (1916a, 212) hold good of the
males only. Of the two species included under Tiryus by Van Duzee iioi", 38) one,
/iKiiri Hint us, is herewith included under Ceratocapsus. The other. T. elongatus (Uhl.),
was described from Colorado and California and mentioned by him, probably in error,
i occurring In Florida. No other record of its occurrence in that State can be
found and it is not. therefore, treated in this work.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN.E. 821

without apical constriction, calli vague or wanting, basal half
convex, declivent forward, base twice or more the width of
apex, hind margin truncate, covering mesoscutum ; elytra en-
tire, male, sometimes brachypterous, female, clavus strongly
declivent toward corium, cuneus and membrane subhorizontal,
the fracture weak; basal joint of hind tarsi shortest, 3 nearly
as long as 1 and 2 united. Nineteen species are recorded or
known from the eastern states. For convenience these are
separated into two groups.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF CERATOCAPSUS.

a. Pronotum not or indistinctly punctate, often more or less alutaceous.

Group I, p. 821.
aa. Pronotum punctate, sometimes finely yet always distinctly so.

Group II, p. 826.

Group I. — Ceratocapsus.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP I, CERATOCAPSUS.

a. Upper surface clothed only with simple pubescence, this sometimes in
the form of long pilose hairs.
b. Head in great part and third and fourth antennals red ; pronotum
and elytra uniform pale yellowish; length, 4.5 mm.

873. LUTESCENS.

bb. Head and antenna? not distinctly red; upper surface more or less
darkened,
c. Upper surface dark brown ; elytra with a broad yellowish cross-
bar just behind apex of scutellum. 874. fasciatus.
cc. Elytra without a pale cross-bar.

d. Beak reaching hind coxae; length more than 3.5 mm.
e. Head and pronotum not or scarcely darker than elytra.
/. General color brownish-yellow to fuscous, basal half of elytra
frequently paler; cuneus brown or fuscous; form robust;
length, 4.3 mm. 875. modestus.

//. General color chestnut-brown, shining; cuneus red; form slen-
der; length, 3.6 mm. 876. advenus.
ee. Head and pronotum shining, black ; elytra yellowish with fuscous
cloud on corium; form slender; length, 4.5 mm.

877. nigrocephalus.
del. Beak not reaching middle coxa?; length not more than 3 mm.

878. MINUTUS.

aa. Upper surface with appressed silky pubescence, usually mixed with
more erect pubescent hairs.
g. Elytra dark brown with a pale cross-bar behind tip of scutellum.

879. pilosus.
gg. Elytra without a pale cross-bar.

h. Upper surface clothed with prominent long erect pilose hairs ;
dark brownish-black, legs and joints 1 and 2 of antenna? yel-
lowish; length, 4.1 mm. 880. sericus.

822 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDjE.

hh. Upper surface sparsely clothed with fine short pubescence, some-
times with a few scattering- long hairs on scutellum and elytra.
i. Third antennal not as long as width of vertex plus dorsal width
of an eye; upper surface uniformly yellowish. 881. luteus.
ii. Third antennal longer than width of vertex plus dorsal width of
an eye.
j. Pronotum reddish; basal half of elytra paler than apical half;
legs yellowish; third antennal shorter than width of head
across eyes; length, 3.4 mm. 882. vicinus.

jj. Pronotum blackish ; elytra fuscous-brown with a small pale
elongate area at basal angles of corium and embolium; legs
brownish-yellow to dark reddish-brown ; third antennal sub-
equal in length to width of head; length, 4.4 — 4.7 mm.

883. NIGELLUS.

873 (1137). Ceratocapsus lutescens Reuter, 1876, 87.

Oblong-oval. Color above and below a uniform pale straw-yellow,
shining; head, and often the front margin and a line behind front angles
of pronotum, joints 3 and 4 and apex of joint 2 of antennae, blood-red.
Joint 1 of antenna? subequal in length to width of vertex, 2 nearly four
times as long as 1, 3 two-fifths the length of 2, 4 one-fourth shorter than
3. Length, 4.3 — 4.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 11 — 23; swept from ferns in dense wet
hammocks and taken at porch light. Recorded from Long
Island, N. Y., Estero and Sevenoaks, Fla., Kansas and Texas.
Van Duzee took it at Estero from "low bushes of a broad leaved
oak."

874 (1142). Ceratocapsus fasciatus (Uhler), 1877, 421.

Pale to dark reddish-brown, thickly clothed with very fine prostrate
yellowish hairs; elytra with a broad pale yellow bar crossing their entire
width just behind scutellum; embolium pale yellow, cuneus tinged with
reddish; membrane pale translucent; antenna? and legs pale reddish- to
straw-yellow, densely finely pubescent; under surface reddish-brown shin-
ing, genital region darker, ventrals thinly clothed with long prostrate
yellow hairs. Beak reaching hind coxa?. Antenna? stout, two-thirds the
length of body, joint 1 two-thirds as long as width of vertex; 2 visibly
thickened from base to apex, three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 as thick
as apex of 2, 3 one-half the length of 2, 4 fusiform, two-thirds as long
as 3. Pronotum, scutellum and elytra densely minutely scabrous or
shagreened. Length, 2.8 — 3.2 mm.

Staten Island, N. Y., July 8 (Davis). Ranges from Ontario
and New England west to Colorado and Kansas. Doubtless
to be found in Indiana. Occurs on alder and hickory.

875 (1138). Ceratocapsus modestus (Uhler), 1887b, 69.

Elongate-oval. Dull brownish-yellow, very finely and sparsely
clothed with yellowish pubescence; pronotum, scutellum and apical half

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^. 823

of elytra, including cuneus, usually more or less tinged with fuscous,
sometimes almost wholly fuscous-black; cuneus and apex of embolium
in pale specimens sometimes tinged with reddish; membrane pale dusky
translucent; under surface and front and middle legs greenish-yellow;
ventrals and hind legs usually darker; tibial spinules blackish. Anten-
nae reddish-brown, joints 3 and 4 minutely hirsute, apex of 2 often some-
what darker; joint 1 one-third longer than width of vertex; 2 feebly
thickened from base to apex, three times longer than 1 ; 3 nearly half as
long and almost as thick as 2; 4 subfusiform, three-fourths the length of
3. Upper surface minutely alutaceous, otherwise almost smooth. Beak
reaching hind coxae. Length, 4.3—4.6 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, June 3 — July 28 ; beaten from
hickory and wild grape. Dunedin, Fla., March 18, at porch
light ; the first record for that State. Ranges from Ontario
and New England west to South Dakota and Vancouver, and
southwest to Florida and Kansas. Recorded also from New
Mexico and Grenada. Uhler states that in Maryland it is often
common on pine in June and July. He also mentions the prono-
tum as being "coarsely unevenly punctate," which is not true
of the specimens at hand determined by Knight. It is prob-
ably in part predaceous, as Van Duzee says that about Buffalo
it : "Is not uncommon on pines and a few other trees when in-
fested with aphids."

876 ( — ). Ceratocapsus advenus sp. nov.

Male — Elongate, slender, sides subparallel. Chestnut-brown, shin-
ing, very sparsely clothed with minute pale scale-like hairs and a few
scattered longer ones ; deflexed basal margin of pronotum, inner edge of
clavus and commissure a little paler; cuneus red, its inner basal angle
and apical fifth of corium slightly darker; membrane fuscous, base and
an elongate spot bordering inner margin of cuneus, yellowish; legs and
under surface dark reddish-brown, shining. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae
reddish-brown; 1 as long as width of vertex, 2 three and one-fourth
times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous-brown, almost as thick, and united
two-thirds as long as 2 ; 4 fusiform, three-fifths the length of 3. Eyes
large, prominent, wider than vertex. Pronotum without evident punc-
tures. Elytra minutely sparsely punctate; surpassing abdomen by three-
fourths the length of membrane. Length, 3.6 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 9 ; beaten from limbs of a recently felled
pine. Crescent City, Fla. (Van Dusee). Evidently allied to
nigrpcephalus Knight, but easily distinguished by the characters
given in key.

877 ( — ). Ceratocapsus nigrocephalus Knight, 1923, 534.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Color as in key; sparsely clothed
with suberect hairs; scutellum black; elytra yellowish translucent, base

824 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID;£.

of cuneus and apical half of corium usually heavily tinged with fuscous;
membrane pale at base, apical half and central area between cells fus-
cous-hyaline; legs pale yellowish-brown, front coxa? reddish to piceous;
ventrals reddish-brown to blackish, shining, clothed with yellowish hairs.
Joint 1 of antennae yellowish, fuscous at base, one-fifth longer than
width of vertex; 2 yellowish, darker toward apex, four times as long as
1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, 4 one-half the length of
3. Beak reaching middle of hind coxae. Pronotum vaguely alutaceous,
side margins slightly sinuate, calli evident but vague. Scutellum finely
transversely rugose. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

St. Anthony Park, Minn., July 5 — 6, taken at light (Minn.
Univ. Coll.). A species of northern distribution ranging from
Quebec and New England west to South Dakota.

878 (1141). Ceratocapsus minutus (Uhler), 1893, 713.

Head pale yellow, middle of front piceous, tylus dusky; pronotum,
scutellum and elytra dark brown, strongly shining, clothed with minute
golden pubescence; embolium pale yellow, notch and inner margin of
cuneus pale; membrane dusky, paler at base; legs ivory-white; ventrals
chestnut brown, shining, genital region paler. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae
brown; 2 paler at base, as long as pronotum plus the width of an eye; 3
and 4 more slender, pale yellow, of equal thickness throughout. Head
with vertex wider than apex of pronotum, highly polished. Pronotum
and elytra obsoletely punctate, the former with side margins slightly
sinuate. Length, 2.5 — 3 mm.

Described from St. Vincent. Recorded by Van Duzee (1917,
382) from Florida and Kansas, without definite station or cita-
tion to the Florida record.

879 ( — ). Ceratocapsus pilosus Knight, 1923, 526.

Dark reddish or chestnut-brown, with pubescence as in key; a broad
cross-bar across middle of elytra and a small spot opposite base of
cuneus dull yellow; membrane dusky, yellowish at base; front and
middle legs, base of hind femora and ventrals 1 — 3 greenish-yellow; re-
mainder of hind legs and under surface chestnut-brown. Antenna? with
joint 1 and basal half of 2 yellowish, remainder reddish-brown, finely
pubescent; 1 four-fifths the length of width of vertex, 2 three and two-
thirds times the length of 1, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 three-fourths
as long as 3. Beak reaching first ventral. Head and pronotum shining,
without evident punctures. Scutellum minutely transversely strigose.
Elytra very finely shallowly punctate. Length, 3.4 — 3.6 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., June 30 (W.S.B.). Pentwater, Mich., and
Willow Springs, 111., July 8 — 26 (Gerhard). Recorded only
from Massachusetts and Minnesota, where it was taken on
hop-hornbeam, Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) and bur oak, Quercus
macrocarpa Michx. Apparently differs from C. fasciatus only in
the character of the pubescence.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 825

880 ( — ). Ceratocapsus sericus Knight, 1923, 530.

Color and pubescence of upper surface as in key; scutellum, clavus
and basal half of corium clothed also with appressed silvery scale-like
pubescence; embolium subtranslucent; membrane and veins uniformly
pale fuscous with a small pale spot opposite tip of cuneus; legs dull yel-
low, ventrals dark brownish-black, the genital region with yellowish
hairs. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae yellowish, 1 slightly longer than width
of vertex, 2 three and one-half times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dark reddish-
brown, 3 one-half the length of 2, 4 three-fourths as long as 3. Beak
reaching upon hind coxa?. Head brownish, coarsely alutaceous. Prono-
tum with side margins slightly sinuate. Scutellum transversely rugulose.
Length, 4 mm.

Recorded only from New York, New Jersey and Michigan.

881 ( — ). Ceratocapsus luteus Knight, 1.923, 527.

Uniform dull yellow, elytra somewhat translucent; membrane pale
tinged with dusky, veins yellowish. Joint 1 of antenna? slightly shorter
than width of vertex, female, slightly longer, male; 2 three and two-
third times the length of 1, slender at base, thicker and somewhat dusky
toward apex; 3 dusky yellow, almost half as long as 2; 4 brownish, as
thick as 3, one-fifth shorter. Beak reaching hind margins of middle
coxa?. Pronotum impunctate, vaguely alutaceous, sides straight. Length,
3.8—4 mm.

Recorded from New York and West Virginia. Resembles
lutescens, but smaller, head yellow, not red, and pubescence
different.

882 (— ). Ceratocapsus vicinus Knight, 1923, 529.

Head and pronotum tawny- to reddish-yellow; scutellum and apical
half of corium dark brown; clavus and basal half of corium yellowish,
thickly clothed with appressed silvery scale-like hairs ; membrane pale,
fuscous toward apex; legs dull yellow; ventrals dark reddish-brown to
blackish, shining; genital segment with long yellowish hairs. Joints 1
and 2 of antenna? dull yellow, 1 as long as width of vertex, 2 four times
as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 reddish-brown, 3 slightly more than one-half the
length of 2, 4 three-fourths as long as 3. Beak reaching between hind
coxa?. Pronotum with side margins straight, calli evident but vague,
disk finely alutaceous. Length, 3.4 — 3.6 mm.

Known only from New York and New Jersey.

883 ( — ). Ceratocapsus nigellus Knight, 1923, 528.

Color as in key; scutellum and basal half of elytra with closely ap-
pressed pale, scale-like hairs; cuneus usually reddish-brown; membrane
and veins uniformly dusky translucent; legs pale to dark reddish-brown,
front and middle tibia? paler; ventrals dark brown to black; genital seg-
ment strongly shining, beset with prominent hairs. Antenna? pale to
dark reddish-brown, joint 1 one-fourth longer than width of vertex; 2
three and two-third times the length of 1 ; 3 subfusiform, slightly more

826 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

than one-half as long as 2, 4 three-fourths as long as 3. Front of hea^
coarsely alutaceous. Pronotum alutaceous, sides feebly sinuate. Scutel-
lum finely transversely rugose. Length, 4.5 mm.

Kosciusko Co., Ind., July 12 (W. S.B.). Galesburg; III.,
June 26 (III. Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.) . Ranges from New York
west to Minnesota and Illinois, and south to Georgia. Occurs
from June to August, mainly on trunks and limbs of hickory.

Group II. — Ceratocapsus.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF GROUP II. CERATOCAPSUS.

a. Third antennal longer than width of vertex plus the dorsal width
of an eye.
b. Third antennal shorter than width of head across eyes ; brownish-
yellow, thickly pubescent, cuneus in part reddish.

884. PUMILUS.

bb. Length of third antennal subequal to or greater than width of head.
c. Smaller, length less than 4 mm.; upper surface with long con-
spicuous hairs; female ovate, brachypterous.
d. General color dark reddish-brown ; antenna? of female longer than
body; cuneus brown. 885. setosus.

dd. General color pale brownish-yellow; antenna? of female shorter
than body; cuneus of male reddish. 886. punctulatus.

cc. Larger, 4.5 mm.; cuneus red, corium yellowish-brown.

887. DRAKEI.
aa. Third antennal not longer than width of vertex plus dorsal width
of an eye.
e. Width of vertex of male less than dorsal width of an eye; female
with hind femora reddish on apical half; cuneus red.
/. Corium yellowish-brown, translucent; under surface brownish-
black; fourth antennal four-fifths the length of third.

888. FUSCINUS.

//. Corium reddish- to fuscous-brown, not translucent; under surface
in great part or wholly red ; fourth antennal one-half the length
of third. 889. rufistigmus.

ee. Width of vertex of male greater than dorsal width of an eye;
femora of female greenish or yellowish, not reddish on apical half.
g. Upper surface densely clothed with suberect, bristle-like pubes-
cence; apical half of membrane scarcely darker than basal half.

890. DIGITULUS.

gg. Upper surface more sparsely clothed with semi-erect pubescence;

apical half of membrane fuscous. 891. INCISUS.

884 (1139). Ceratocapsus pumilus (Uhler), 1887b, 69.

Oblong-oval. Head, pronotum and scutellum more or less fuscous-
brown thickly clothed with appressed yellowish scale-like hairs and sub-
erect yellowish ones ; head often tinged with reddish ; elytra in great part
brownish-yellow, embolium and outer third of cuneus yellowish-trans-
lucent, inner half of cuneus reddish or fuscous; membrane pale dusky-

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIX.-E.

translucent, the margins and base adjoining cuneus paler; legs yellow,
hind femora often reddish-brown ; under surface pale to dark brown,
shining: pleura fuscous-brown. Antennae stout, half the length of body:
joints 1 — 3 yellowish. 1 three-fourths as long as width of vertex: 2
thickly pubescent, more than three times the length of 1 : 3 and 4 as
thick as apex of 2. 3 one-half the length of 2; 4 and apex of 3 fuscous-
brown. 4 one-half as long as 3. Beak reaching apex of middle coxae.
Pronotum and elytra distinctly, finely, sparsely punctate. Length.
— 1.2 mm.

Starke. Marion and Posey counties, Ind., July 17 — Sept. 6 ;
beaten from ash and wild grape (W.S.B.). Staten Island. X.
Y.. and Jamesburg. X. J.. July (/'.:). Recorded from San-
ford and Crescent City. Fla. Ranges from Ontario and Xew
England west to Xorth Dakota and Colorado, and southwest to
Florida and Texas, but some of the records doubtless belong
to other species. Uhler says that in Maryland it occurs abun-
dantly in June and July on Crata s; also on willows as late as
the middle of October.

885 (1140). Ceratocapsus setosus Reuter. 1909, 70.

Male — Elongate-oval. Dark chestnut-brown, thinly clothed with
very fine pubescence and with a few scattered suberect yellowish hairs :
head, basal portion of hind margin of pronotum, commissure and
embolium usually paler ; membrane uniform dusky translucent ; legs
greenish-yellow: under surface fuscous-brown, the genital region paler.
Beak reaching first ventral. Antenna? slender, three-fourths the length
of body; joints 1 and 2 yellow, 2 as long as head and pronotum united;
3 and 4 fuscous. 3 two-fifths the length of 2; 4 one-half the length of 3.
Pronotum finely transversely rugose, finely, unevenly but distinctly
punctate, sides straight, basal angle obtuse. Elytra entire, finely, closely
and rather deeply punctate. Length. 3.5 — 3.8 mm. Female — Ovate,
gradually widened from head backward. Elytra reaching apex of abdo-
men, their tips separately rounded; clavus scarcely distinct from corium;
cuneus absent, membrane very short. Antenna? longer than body.
Length. 2.5 mm.

Marion and Knox counties. Ind.. June 3 — Oct. 30 ; swept from
herbage along the alluvial banks of streams. Dunedin and
Sanford, Fla.. Nov. 26 — April 4. Ranges from Xew Jersey
west to Indiana and southwest to Florida. Recorded also from
California. The only previous Florida station records are Lake
Worth and Atlantic Beach.

886 (1135). Ceratocapsus punctulatds (Reuter), 1876, 82.

Male — Elongate, slender, sides subparallel. Pale brownish-yellow,
sparsely clothed with long, inclined yellowish hairs : cuneus in great part
reddish; membrane pale translucent, iridescent, apical half darker; legs

828 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

and antennae pale yellow. Elytra surpassing- abdomen, finely and sparse-
ly punctate. Female — -Oblong-oval, widest behind the middle. Color and
pubescence as in male, front of head, scutellum, apical half of corium
and ventrals usually tinged with fuscous. Pronotum trapezoidal, but
slightly wider at base than long at middle, disk finely sparsely punctate;
calli large, prominent, well separated. Elytra reaching sixth dorsal,
finely and thickly punctate, tips subtruncate, cuneus poorly differentiated,
membrane scarcely evident. Antennae in both sexes with joints 1 and 2
pale yellow, 1 three-fourths as long as width of vertex, 2 three and
one-half times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, 3 two-fifths the
length of 2, 4 one-half as long as 3. Length, 2 — 3 mm.

Hillsboro Canal and Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 19 — March 24.
Beaten from foliage of wax-myrtle and taken from beneath
boards. A neotropical species, described from Texas. Known
from the West Indies and not before recorded from Florida.

887 ( — ). Ceratocapsus drakei Knight, 1923, 533.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Head reddish, vertex darker; pronotum
brown, calli piceous; scutellum dark brown, both it and elytra sparsely
clothed with erect yellowish hairs, intermixed with short appressed sil-
very ones; clavus and corium yellowish-brown, translucent; membrane
and veins pale, apical half darker; legs yellowish-brown; ventrals brown-
ish-black. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dull yellow, apex of 2 darker; 1
one-half longer than width of vertex ; 2 three and one-half times the
length of 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, 4 nearly three-
fifths the length of 3. Beak reaching between hind coxae. Length, 4.5 mm.

Recorded from New York and Alberta.

888 ( — ). Ceratocapsus fuscinus Knight, 1923, 531.

Oblong-oval. Head dull yellow; pronotum brownish-black, basal
fourth of disk yellowish, male, yellowish with only calli dark, female;
scutellum brownish-yellow, darker at base, both it and elytra clothed with
prominent suberect yellowish hairs, intermixed with shorter, appressed
scale-like pubescence; apical half of corium of male often heavily tinged
with fuscous; cuneus reddish; membrane pale hyaline, the middle of
apical half sometimes darker; legs and ventrals dull yellow, apical half
of hind femora reddish. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae yellow; 1 with a red
spot on inner side at base, as long as width of vertex; 2 nearly four
times as long as 1 ; 3 yellowish at base, darker apically, one-half the
length of 2; 4 fuscous-brown, as thick as and one-fifth shorter than 3.
Beak reaching betwen middle coxae. Length, 3.6 — 3.8 mm.

Marion Co., Ind.. July 10 (W. S. B.). Batavia, N. Y., Aug.
10; Ramsey Co., Minn., July 11 (Minn, Univ. Coll.). Ranges
from New York west to Minnesota and south to Maryland.
Occurs on the black willow, Salix nigra Marsh.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 829

889 ( — ). Ceratocapsus rufistigmus Knight Ms.

Oblong-oval. Head yellow, often tinged with red ; pronotum brown-
ish-black, the basal fourth paler; scutellum brownish-yellow, paler to-
ward apex; clavus and corium pale to dark brown, embolium yellow-
translucent, cuneus red; membrane a uniform dusky translucent; legs
greenish-yellow, the tibiae and basal halves of all the femora more or
less tinged with red ; under surface greenish-yellow, heavily tinged with
red, the pro- and meso-pleura sometimes fuscous-brown. Antenna? stout,
half the length of body, of nearly equal thickness throughout; joint 1
yellow with a small red spot near base, longer than width of vertex,
male, three-fourths as long, female; 2 yellow, gradually feebly thickened
from the base, nearly four times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 reddish-yellow,
more or less tinged with red, united shorter than 2, 4 one-half the length
of 3. Eyes of male very large, their dorsal width greater than that of
vertex, coarsely granulated; of female smaller, more narrow than vertex,
more finely granulated. Beak reaching between hind coxae. Entire upper
surface, including cuneus, but excepting head and membrane, coarsely,
evenly and deeply punctate, each puncture bearing a long conspicuous
yellowish inclined hair. Length, 3.2 — 3.7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 21 — April 20. Frequent in fall and
spring on ferns and other low herbage in and about the mar-
gins of dense hammocks and in low moist grounds ; hibernates
beneath boards and other cover. The eyes of male are much
larger and consequently the width of vertex narrower than
in females.

890 ( — ). Ceratocapsus digitulus Knight, 1923, 533.

Oblong-oval. Dark brown to piceous with pubescence as in key, on
elytra intermixed with appressed silvery scale-like hairs; embolium yel-
lowish-translucent, cuneus reddish or reddish-brown ; membrane pale fus-
cous-brown; legs uniformly gx'eenish-yellow; ventrals dark brown, shin-
ing. Antennae with joints 1, 2 and basal half of 3 yellowish, remainder
brownish; joint 1 slightly shorter than width of vertex, male, one-fifth
shorter, female; 2 nearly four times the length of 1 ; 3 one-half as long
as 2, 4 three-fourths the length of 3. Beak reaching between hind coxae.
Pronotum and elytra rather coarsely rugosely punctate. Length, 3.4 —
3.6 mm.

Dubois, 111., July 2 (///. Nat. Hist. Sun: Coll.) . Recorded only
from New York.

891 ( — ). Ceratocapsus incisus Knight, 1923, 532.

Oblong-oval. Head blackish, reddish beneath; pronotum and scutel-
lum black or brownish-black, the basal half of former often in part paler;
elytra brownish-yellow, cuneus reddish or reddish-brown; basal half of
membrane and veins dusky, apical half fuscous; legs greenish-yellow;
ventrals dark reddish-brown to piceous. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dull
yellow; 1 tinged with reddish, slightly shoi'ter than width of vertex, male,

830

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

subequal thereto, female; 2 slender at base, feebly thickened and dusky
apically, nearly four times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 brownish, 3 slightly
less than half the length of 2, 4 one-fifth shorter than 3. Beak reaching
hind margins of middle coxa?. Length, 3.7 — 4 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., July 26 (Minn. Univ. Co/1.)
New York, where it occurs on willow.

Known only from

Tribe VI. SYSTELLONOTINI Knight, 1923, 497.

This tribe, as characterized in the key, p. 796, is represented
in the eastern states by a single genus.

I. Sericophanes Reuter, 1876, 79.

Small, elongate, slender, subglabrous species having the head
large, its width across the eyes but slightly narrower than base
of pronotum, front subvertical, vertex margined behind,
merged with the tylus in front ; beak reaching hind coxae ; an-
tennae slender, nearly as long as body, all the joints subequal
in thickness; pronotum (macropterous form) campanulate, as
wide at base as long, the base nearly twice as wide as apex,
disk with sides feebly sinuate, basal portion convex, declivent
forward, hind margin truncate, basal angles prominent ; elytra

Fig. 180. Above, macropterous female at left, brachypterous female at middle,
male at right. Below, abdomen of macropterous female at left : side view of braehyp-
terous female at middle; male abdomen at extreme right. (After Osborn i .

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^. 831

dimorphic, in males usually surpassing- abdomen, cuneus de-
clivent but fracture weak ; legs long, tibiae finely spinulose, first
joint of hind tarsi longer than second. One species occurs in
the eastern states.

892 (1097%). Sericophanes heidemanni Poppius, 1914a, 260.

Male — Elongate, slender, narrowed at middle. Head, pronotum,
scutellum and under surface dark chestnut-brown to blackish; elytra
paler brown, with a large rounded pale spot on middle of commissure
and two vague oblique silvery-gray blotches on corium, the basal one
reaching onto clavus; membrane dusky pubescent, whitish at base; legs
reddish-brown, hind coxae paler. Antennas with joints 1 and 2 pale
brownish-yellow, finely pilose, 1 slightly stouter than the others, a little
shorter than width of vertex; 2 cylindrical, nearly five times as long as
1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous-brown, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 subf usiform,
two-thirds as long as 3. Pronotum minutely alutaceous; humeral angles
broadly rounded into basal margin. Elytra with costal margins broadly
concave, ciliate with minute yellow bristles; disk of corium smooth, beset
with a few erect yellowish hairs ; membrane surpassing- abdomen by more
than half its length. Brachypterous Female — Ant-like in form. Yellow-
ish brown. Pronotum and abdomen subglobose. Elytra reaching only
to base of third dorsal. Length, 3.1 — 3.5 mm. (Fig. 180).

Marion Co., Ind., Aug. 1; at desk light (W.S.B.). Palos
Park and Willow Springs, III, May 31 — June 4 (Gerhard) . Re-
corded only from New England, New York and Minnesota, but
probably to be found in intervening states north of latitude
40°. Occurs on upland grassy ridges, the males also often at
light. Recorded mostly heretofore as 5". ocelhtus Reut., a small-
er and much paler Texan species. The S. noctuans Knight
(1917b, 4) is a synonym of heidemanni.

Tribe VII. LOPIDINI Van Duzee, 1916a, 212 (Lopidearia) .

To this tribe, as characterized in the key, p. 797, belong three
of our eastern genera of Orthotylinae.

KEY TO EASTERN' GENERA OF LOPIDINI.

a. Base of vertex without a bristle-bearing ridge across its full width;
upper surface not beset with numerous erect black bristles.
6. Base of tylus below a line drawn through the lower margin of
eyes; cheeks not divided by an oblique suture beneath the eyes;
elytra in great part green or greenish-yellow.

I. Ilnacora, p. 832.

66. Base of tylus above a line drawn through the lower margin of the

eyes ; cheeks divided by an oblique suture leading from base of

antennae to beneath eyes; elytra usually red and black, never

green. II. Lopidea, p. 834.

832 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

ua. Base of vertex with a high carina or ridge extending from eye to
eye, this beset with bristles ; pronotum and elytra with numerous
erect black bristle-like hairs; color fuscous-brown.

III. Hadronema, p. 843.

I. Ilnacora Reuter, 1876, 85.

Elongate, slender, subparallel species having the head wider
across eyes than apex of pronotum, its front nearly vertical;
vertex flattened, its base carinate at middle ; cheeks strongly
convex; antenna? about two-thirds the length of body, joints 1
and 2 of nearly equal thickness, 3 and 4 much more slender;
pronotum trapezoidal, without subapical stricture, but with a
transverse ridge before the calli ; scutellum flat, triangular,
equilateral; mesoscutum concealed; elytra entire, surpassing
abdomen. Three species have been recorded from the eastern
states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ILNACORA.

a. Under surface green or greenish-yellow; head wholly dull yellow.

893. STALII.
act. Under surface in great part or wholly black; head black, or yellow
with black lines or stripes.
b. Pronotum with a conspicuous round black spot behind each callus;
eyes distant from front of pronotum; membrane dark brown.

894. MALINA.

bb. Pronotum with at most a small spot of black pubescence behind each
callus; eyes almost contiguous with front of pronotum; membrane
dusky hyaline, the veins yellow. 895. divisa.

893 (1184). Ilnacora stalii Reuter, 1876, 86.

Color a nearly uniform pale green, fading to greenish-yellow, sparse-
ly pubescent with inclined whitish hairs and usually with a small spot
composed of black scale-like hairs behind each callus, another on base of
scutellum and one at inner basal angle of cuneus, these easily abraded
and often wanting; membrane pale hyaline with a vague transverse fus-
cous bar behind the cells ; legs and under surface greenish-yellow, the
tips of beak and tibia? and joint 3 of tarsi fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae
slightly longer than width of vertex, pale yellowish with a ring near base
and a broader one behind apex, blackish; 2 reddish-brown, usually fus-
cous at base and toward apex, three and a half times longer than 1 ; 3
and 4 fuscous, united subequal in length to 2, 4 one-half as long as 3.
Length, 5.3 — 5.7 mm.

Marion, Putnam and Crawford counties, Ind., June 19 — Sept.
5 ; probably occurs throughout the State. Swept from cockle-
bur, ragweed and other herbage, mainly in low, moist places,
though sometimes on high wooded ridges. Ranges from New

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E.

833

York west to the Dakotas, Colorado and Texas. Not recorded
in the east south of New Jersey. The pubescence of upper sur-
face is easily abraded and older examples are almost wholly
glabrous. In those just emerged the black scale-like hairs
form spots as mentioned in the description ; often, also, nu-
merous smaller spots on the elytra.

894 (1185). Ilnacora malina (Uhler) , 1877, 419.

Head black, shining, the vertex in part dull yellow; elytra and basal
half of pronotum bright green ; front half of pronotum a broad stripe

each side of scutellum and legs

greenish-yellow; a large round
spot behind each callus, middle
of scutellum and under surface
in great part blackish ; mem-
brane dark brown, veins in part
paler. Joint 1 of antennae stout-
est, slightly longer than width
of vertex, fuscous-brown, pale
at base; 2 fuscous, three times
as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky, sub-
equal in length, united slightly
longer than 2. Calli more
prominent with impression be-
tween them deeper than in stalii.
Elytra smooth, when fresh
sparsely pubescent with very
fine prostrate hairs ; middle of
corium often with an elongate
patch of black deciduous scale-
like hairs and sometimes with
a vague fuscous stripe along its
apical half. Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.
(Fig. 181).

(Original).

Common throughout Indiana, May 19 — Aug. 20. Swept
from foliage of Virginia creeper and poison ivy growing in low
alluvial soil ; aLso from herbage in dense woodland. Henderson,
Ky., June 15 (Marshall). Ranges from New England west to
South Dakota and Kansas and south to Maryland. Recorded
also from Texas and Mexico. The food plant, according to
Knight, is the rough-leaved goldenrod, Solidugo rugosa Mill.,
growing in shaded damp places.

895 (1181). Ilnacora divisa Reuter, 1876, 86.

Pale greenish-yellow, vertex and front of pronotum often paler; head
with tylus, a median stripe on vertex and three lines or narrow stripes
on front, blackish; disk of pronotum with two small transverse spots of

834 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDjE.

dense black pubescence; base of scutellum often with a triangular median
spot of similar pubescence; antenna? yellowish, joint 1 with a basal and
apical black ring, 2 black at base, its apical portion and all of 3 and 4
fuscous-brown; legs yellow, apex of tibiae and tarsi black; joints 1 and 2
of beak yellow, 3 and 4 piceous; under surface black, opaque, clothed
with pale pubescence. Vertex distinctly wider and more flattened than
in our other species. Pronotum shorter with sides less convergent from
the base. Length, 5 mm.

Marshall and Ft. Snelling, Minn., June 19 — July 12 (Minn.
Univ. Coll.). Described from Texas. Recorded from New Jer-
sey and Colorado.

II. Lopidea Uhler, 1872, 411.

Elongate, subparallel, impunctate, almost glabrous species
having the head broader across eyes than apex of pronotum,
twice as long as broad, its front vertical, vertex subdepressed
and with an indistinct median basal carina ; tylus prominent,
curved ; eyes rather small, rounded, slightly protuberant, con-
tiguous to pronotum, finely facetted ; antennae about two-thirds
as long as body, variable in length as to species, joint 1 usually
the stoutest, 3 and 4 much more slender than either 1 or 2 ;
beak reaching or surpassing middle coxae; pronotum subtrape-
zoidal, about one-half wider at base than long, sides sinuate,
disk with a vague but evident constriction in front of middle
and a transverse ridge in front of calli, basal portion convex,
humeral angles rounded, basal margin subtruncate ; scutellum
triangular, equilateral ; elytra entire, cuneus moderately de-
flexed. Males with left clasper broad, more or less flattened,
tip bifurcate.

The genus is closely allied to Ilnacora, but the species are
stouter of body with color never green as there. The genus
Lomatopleura Reut. has been united with Lopidea by Knight
(1917c, 455) as he found the antennal characters upon which
it was chiefly based would not hold good in some of the western
forms. He has described 30 or more new species of Lopidea
since the Van Duzee Catalogue was issued, basing them mainly
upon the differences in the genital claspers of the males. The
student who wishes to identify them along this line is referred
to his papers on the genus as cited in the bibliography. Of the
50 species described from North America up to the present
writing, 18 are either recorded or known from the eastern
states. The original descriptions of these are widely scattered

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 835

and a key leading up to their names very difficult to form.
Knight did not attempt one even for the 12 species he included
in the Hemiptera of Connecticut. The following will perhaps
enable the student to correctly identify the majority of our
eastern species :86

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LOPIDEA.

a. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae very stout, joint 1 subclavate, 2 distinctly

thicker just behind middle than at apex. (Subgenus Lomatopleura) .

b. Femora black or brown; head in part black; length, 7 or more mm.

c. Calli red ; scutellum not or but slightly tinged with fuscous.

896. C.-ESAR.

cc. Calli fuscous; scutellum strongly tinged with fuscous; host plant

witch-hazel, Hamamelis virginiana L. 898. reuteri.

bb. Femora red ; head mostly pale, sometimes tinged with fuscous, the

base and rarely the front of vertex black or fuscous ; length not

more than 6.5 mm.

d. Embolium and pronotum wholly red; head wholly pale; calli red.

899. instabile.
dd. Embolium and usually the basal angles of pronotum straw-yellow;
front of head usually blackish; calli fuscous.

900. MARGINALIS.

act. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? slender, joint 1 cylindrical, 2 not distinctly
thicker just behind middle than at apex. (Subgenus Lopidea).
e. Larger, length 6 or more mm.
/. Pronotum without a distinct blackish cross-bar on apical half;
coxae and trochanters in great part or wholly pale ; head usually
with two fuscous stripes which are more or less confluent behind.
g. Joint 1 of antennae shorter than width of vertex; color orange-
or brick-red ; scutellum and inner apical halves of clavus and
corium at most but slightly tinged with fuscous ; host plant,
leaf-cup, Polymnia uvedalia L. 901. confluens.

gg. Joint 1 of antennae as long as or slightly longer than width of
vertex.
h. Scutellum, clavus and corium heavily tinged with black or fus-
cous.
i. General color deep red ; middle of basal half of pronotum
heavily tinged with fuscous; length, 6 — 6.2 mm.; host plant,
the veiny pea or vetchling, Lathyrus venosus Muhl.

902. LATHYRvE.

ii. General color orange- or dull clay-yellow; basal half of prono-
tum not or lightly tinged with fuscous; length, 6.5 — 6.8 mm.;
host plant, black locust, Robinia pseudocacia L.

903. robinia.
hh. Scutellum, clavus and corium not at all or but lightly tinged
with fuscous; length, 6.5 — 7 mm.; host plant, American
bladdernut, Staphylea tri folia L.

seThree species, L. hesperia (Kirk.), saiji Knight and floridana (Walker) are
not included in the key. as no examples of them have been seen, and the original
descriptions, copied farther on in the text, contain no definite characters of suf-
ficient importance to readily separate them from their allies.

836 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID/E.

j. General color dull clay-yellow. 905. staphyle^e.

jj. General color bright red. 905a. var. sanguinea.

//. Pronotum with a more or less distinct blackish cross-bar on or
just behind the calli, sometimes almost wholly blackish; middle
and hind coxae and trochanters in great part or wholly black,
front ones sometimes pale; head with front in great part black,
rarely with two distinct black stripes.
A\ Basal half of pronotum pale or but feebly tinged with fuscous.
/. General color dark red; elytra rarely tinged with fuscous; fe-
male with embolium usually pale yellow; host plants, elm,
yarrow and probably goldenrod. 906. heidemanni.

//. General color orange-yellow; apical halves of clavus and elytra
always heavily tinged with fuscous; host plant, false indigo,
Amorpha fruticosa L. 907. amorph.<e.

kk. Pronotum, except narrow front and side margins, heavily tinged
with fuscous ; general color fuscous-brown, the narrow costal
margin and inner half of cuneus usually orange-red ; host
plants the balsam poplar, Poplus balsa mi '/' era L., and cotton-
wood, P. deltoides Marsh. 908. CUNEATA.
ee. Smaller, length less than 5.8 mm.
m. General color red or orange-yellow.
». Pronotum wholly red; coxa? pale yellow; embolium of female
pale translucent yellow; host plant, rough-leaved goldenrod,
Solidago rugosa Mill. 909. media.
nv. Pronotum with calli and base fuscous; coxa? fuscous; embolium
of female concolorous with corium; host plant, wild and culti-
vated phlox. 910. davisi.
mm. General color black or fuscous-brown.

o. Smaller, length, 4.8 — 5 mm.; legs pale fuscous, basal half of

femora and coxae straw-yellow with a pinkish tinge; host plant,

honey locust, Gleditsia triacanthos L. 911. incurva.

oo. Larger, length, 5.7 mm.; legs black, trochanters and coxae paler;

host plant, black willow, Salix nigra Marsh. 912. salicis.

896 (1143). Lopidea C.ESAR (Reuter), 1876, 67.

Deep carmine-red; tylus, joints 1 and 2 of antennae, tibiae and genital
region black; two vague stripes on front of head, base of vertex, mem-
brane and femora fuscous-brown; scutellum and inner apical half of
clavus often slightly tinged with fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae stout,
narrowed at base, about as long as width of head ; 2 densely clothed
with short stiff inclined black hairs, three and a half times as long as 1,
the apical half tapering from the middle toward apex; 3 and 4 finely
pubescent with grayish hairs, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, 4 more slender
than and two-fifths the length of 3. Pronotum and scutellum smooth,
glabrous; clavus and corium very finely and sparsely pubescent, finely
rugose. Length, 7 — 8 mm.

Ft. Montgomery, N. Y., July 26 (Paris) . The recorded range
extends from New England west to Michigan and Colorado and
southwest to North Carolina. The only mention of its habits is

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^. 837

that of Hussey who says it is "One of the characteristic Hemip-
tera of the black oak association on the dunes of southeastern
Michigan. Nymphs were numerous early in July and the first
adults were taken July 20."

897 (1144). Lopidea hesperia (Kirkaldy), 1902b, 252.

"Mule — Bright red, fusiform, very finely punctured. Head triangu-
lar. Eyes piceous, slightly prominent; rostrum piceous, extending to
middle coxae. Antennas black, shorter than body; first and second joints
slightly dilated ; first as long as head ; second more than twice the length
of first; third a little longer than first; fourth much shorter than third.
Prothorax with a callus on each side near fore border. Scutellum, legs,
membrane and hind wings black. Legs slender. Length of body, 2x/4
lines (4.5 mm.). St. John's Bluff, East Florida. Presented by E. Double-
day, Esq."

The above is the original description of the Capsus coccineus
Walker (1873, 93). As the name coccineus was preoccupied, it
was changed to hesperia by Kirkaldy and was placed in the
genus Lomato pleura by Distant (1904, 109).

898 ( — ). Lopidea reuteri Knight, 1917c, 459.

Deep carmine red; scutellum and margins of commissure reddish-
fuscous ; corium and cuneus with fuscous marks more narrow than in
csesar, sparsely clothed with blackish pubescence; legs black; sternum,
ventrals 4 — 6 and genital segment blackish. Antennae as in a of
key, joint 1 slightly shorter than width of head, 2 three and three-fourths
times as long as 1, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 three-fifths as long as
3. Length, 7 mm.

Ramapo, N. Y., and Hollister, Mo., July 22 (Davis). The
known range extends from Massachusetts and New York, west
to Missouri and south to Virginia, but as its food plant, witch
hazel, is distributed throughout the entire eastern United
States and Canada, the range of the insect will probably be
found to be almost coextensive.

899 (1145). Lopidea instabile (Reuter), 1909, 72.

Elongate, suboval. Bright carmine-red; scutellum in part, clavus
except the basal fourth, membrane and inner half of corium blackish-fus-
cous; tibiae and tarsi black. Antennae black, joints 1 and 2 thickly clothed
with stiff inclined bristle-like hairs ; 1 as long as width of vertex, strongly
narrowed at base; 2 gradually thickened from base to middle, thence
narrowed to apex, three times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 thickly clothed with
very fine grayish hairs, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 more slender,
two-fifths as long as 3. Costal margin very bi-oadly but visibly curved.
Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 8—20 (W.S.B.). Tarboro and Laurel
Hill, N. Car., June — July (Brimley). Ramsey, N. J., July

838 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

(Davis). About Dunedin it occurs in some numbers on the
foliage of the scurfy ericad, Xolisme fruticosa Michx., and other
shrubs in pine woods. Recorded from Crescent City and San-
ford, Fla. Ranges from New York west to North Dakota and
southwest to Florida.

900 (1145a). Lopidea marginalis (Reuter), 1909, 72.

Closely allied to instabile. Front of head with a black spot, some-
times in great part fuscous; elytra widely and obscurely fuscous; scu-
tellum and calli heavily tinged with fuscous; embolium pale yellow,
rarely bright red. Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Willow River, Minn., Aug. 7 (Minn. Univ. Coll.) . Originally
described from Maryland as a variety of instabile. Raised to
specific rank by Knight on account of distinctions in the male
claspers. Recorded by him from Connecticut. Readily known
from other species of the subgenus by the pale embolium.

901 (1147). Lopidea confluens (Say), 1832, 23; I, 343.

Orange-red to dull orange-yellow; head with antenna?, tylus, beak,
base of vertex and two stripes on front, fuscous-black; pronotum vaguely,
scutellum, apical two-thirds of clavus and inner third of corium more or
less tinged with fuscous; narrow edge of embolium often yellowish trans-
lucent; membrane blackish-fuscous; legs fuscous-brown to blackish, the
coxa? pale; under surface orange-red, mesosternum and genital region
usually darker. Joint 1 of antennae cylindrical, about one-fifth shorter
than width of vertex; 2 linear, of nearly equal thickness throughout,
about three times the length of 1 ; 3 three-fifths the length of 2, nearly
twice as long as 4. Form longer, with sides more parallel than in our
other species except staphyleas and robinise. Length, 6.3 — 6.5 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, June — August. Palos Park,
111., July 16 (Gerhard). Blowing Rock, N. Car., September
( Brim ley). In Indiana it has been taken from the foliage of
C>(//rr(/;(.s-;horse gentian, Triostcimi perfoliatum'L.;axid other plants
along the margins of woods. The recorded range extends from
Quebec and New England west to Montana, Colorado and
Kansas, and southwest to Texas, but many of the older records
doubtless refer to species lately described by Knight.

902 (— ). Lopidea lathyr^e Knight, 1923b, 66.

Head, except cheeks, lora? and a vague spot on each side of vertex,
black; disk of pronotum fuscous-brown, the narrow front edge and side
margins red ; scutellum, clavus, membrane and inner half of apical two-
thirds of corium dark fuscous-brown; legs fuscous-brown, the tibiae black,
coxae and trochanters in great part dull yellow; under surface red, the
mesosternum and genital region fuscous. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna?
black, 1 as long as width of vertex; 2 cylindrical, three times as long as

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 839

1 ; 3 and 4 clothed with a very short pale pubescence, 3 three-f oui'ths the
length of 2, 4 two-fifths as long as 3. Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Palos Park, 111., July 2; Anoka Co., Minn., July 6 (Gerhard).
Recorded by Knight from Minnesota, North Dakota, Manitoba
and Saskatchewan. In Anoka County, Minn., he found it so
numerous in July in spots that the host plant, Lathyrus venosus
Muhl., was largely killed. As this plant occurs in the northern
third of Indiana the bug will probably be found in that region.
In the Illinois specimens at hand both sexes have the embolium
and outer third of cuneus pale translucent yellow, not the
females alone, as stated by Knight.

903 (1149). Lopidea robini^e (Uhler) , 1861, 24.

Dull orange- or clay-yellow; tylus, usually two stripes on vertex,
scutellum, clavus, inner apical half of corium and entire membrane fus-
cous; legs fuscous, the coxae and basal halves of femora dull yellow;
under surface orange- to clay-yellow, the middle of ventrals usually dark-
er; antennae and beak dark fuscous-brown to black, the segments of the
former of the same relative length as in confluens. Length, 6.5 — 6.8 mm.

Vermilion, Marion, Putnam and Knox counties, Ind., July
17 — Aug. 15 ; probably occurs on the black locust wherever that
tree is found in the State. Washington, D. C, July (Gerhard).
Its known or recorded range extends from Ontario and New
England west to Indiana and southwest to North Carolina,
though the records are few.

904 (— ). Lopidea sayi Knight, 1918, 212.

"Mule — Slightly smaller than staphylete, but very similar in colora-
tion, the antennae being more nearly linear; bright yellow to light orange,
the scutellum and more or less on each side of commissure, fuscous; base
of head and each side of median line of front, tylus, rostrum, antennae,
membrane, femora and tibiae, black. Sternum and sometimes part of the
venter, fuscous; genital claspers distinctive of the species. Female — Very
similar to the male but with more fuscous and less orange in the yellow.
Length, 6.1 mm.; width, 2.1 mm." (Knight) .

The above is the original description. Described from
Brown's Ferry on Savannah River, S. Car., and Plummer's
Island, Md.

905 ( — ). Lopidea staphyle^e Knight, 1917c, 460.

Dull clay-yellow; calli, narrow base of pronotum, scutellum, apical
two-thirds of clavus, membrane and inner half of corium more or less
tinged with fuscous ; antennae, tylus and two stripes on vertex, dark
brown to blackish; legs and beak in great part blackish-fuscous, coxae,
trochanters and basal joint of beak yellowish; under surface dull orange-
yellow, the mesosternum and genital region often darker. Joint 1 of

840 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

antenna* equal to width of vertex, male, slightly longer, female; 2 three
and a half times the length of 1, its apical third very slightly tapering; 3
linear throughout, three-fourths the length of 2; 4 one-fourth as long as
3. Length, 6.5 — 6.8 mm.

Marion and Floyd counties, Ind., May 31 — June 23 ; swept
from its host plant, the bladder-nut. Recorded from New York,
Maryland, Virginia and Michigan. Knight found it common
near Batavia, N. Y., the adults maturing July 18. Many of
them soon afterward left the host plant, congregating and
mating on nearby hickory trees. Hussey records it as very
common in late June on Staphylea in southwestern Michigan.

905a ( — ). Lopidea STAPHYLE^E sanguinea Knight, 1917c, 461.

"Size, structure of antennae and male genital claspers not differing
appreciably from typical staphyleie but the yellow coloration replaced by
bright red. Females much resembling those of reuteri and csesar, but
distinguished from them by the slender form of antennae." (Knight).

Willow Springs, 111., Aug. 2 (Gerhard). Recorded from
Massachusetts, Connecticut and Minnesota.

906 ( — ). Lopidea heidemanni Knight, 1917c, 456.

Male — Dark red, antennae, tylus, front of head or two stripes there-
on and bar across calli, black or blackish-brown; scutellum, membrane,
legs, metasternum and genital region fuscous-brown; remainder of under
surface red. Joint 1 of antennae feebly curved, one-half longer than
width of vertex ; 2 three and one-half times the length of 1 ; 3 two-thirds
as long as 2, 4 one-fourth the length of 3. Elytra often slightly but visibly
tapering from base to apex, the clavus and corium usually with numerous
vague oblique rugae, very sparsely clothed with short fine yellowish-hairs;
costal margin with longer suberect blackish ones. Length, 6.7 — 7 mm.
Female — Slightly more robust than male, the elytra feebly broadly
curved from base to apex. Color somewhat paler, sometimes dull orange-
red, the dark cross-bar of pronotum rarely wanting; inner apical halves
of clavus and corium often lightly tinged with fuscous; embolium usually
wholly pale yellowish. Length, 6.2 — 6.5 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., June 1 — July 5 ; beaten
from elm (W.S.B.). Columbus, Ohio, July 12; Palos Park,
111., June 7 (Gerhard). Swannanoa, N. Car., June 22 (BrimJey).
The known range extends from New England west to Illinois
and southwest to North Carolina. Near Batavia, N. Y., Knight
found it breeding on elm, the nymphs feeding and maturing on
the tender terminal growth, usually of young trees. Other
nymphs were taken from yarrow, Achillea millefolium L., and
reared to maturity. The vertex of male is more concave, with
eyes more prominent and set more obliquely than in the female
or in any of our other species.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E.

841

907 ( — ). Lopidea amorphic Knight, 1923b, 65.

Elongate, subparallel, feebly tapering behind, male; slightly sub-
oval, female. Dull orange-yellow with dark markings of head, pronotum,
legs and under surface as in heidemanni; elytra clothed with fine yellow-
ish pubescence, the inner apical halves of clavus and corium strongly
tinged with fuscous; front coxa? dull yellow. Joint 1 of antennae nearly
twice as long as width of vertex, 2 three and one-half times the length
of 1 ; 3 and 4 densely clothed with very fine grayish pubescence, 3 one-
half the length of 2, 4 one-third as long as 3. Length, 6 — 6.3 mm.

Ramsey Co., Minn., July 8 — 18 (Gerhard). Recorded as yet
only from the type locality, but as the host plant occurs in
Indiana and ranges west of Ohio from Manitoba to Florida, the
known range of the insect will probably be much extended.

908 (1152). Lopidea cuneata Van Duzee, 1910, 79.

Oblong-ovate. Fuscous-brown ; head dull brownish-yellow to fus-
cous, base of vertex black, front fuscous with a broad pale median
stripe; base of radial vein reddish; outer half of cuneus pale, tip black,
inner half red; membrane pale fuscous; legs brown, coxae, trochanters
and sometimes the base of femora, pale yellow; ventrals brown, their
sides paler, sometimes with reddish spots. Antenna? black, joint 1 as
long as width of vertex, 2 as long as head and pronotum united, 3 two-
thirds the length of 2, 4 slightly shorter than 1. Beak reaching hind
coxae. Pronotum with sides broadly reflexed, calli strongly elevated, sep-
arated by a deep impression ; basal half of disk minutely transversely
rugose. Length, 6 mm.

Gray Cloud and Ramsey coun-
ty, Minn., July 12—20 {Minn.
Univ. Coll.). Recorded also from
Lancaster, N. Y., and Illinois,
the host plants as given in key.
Some specimens are almost
wholly fuscous-black.

909 (1146). Lopidea media (Say),
1832, 22; I, 341.
Bright red to orange-red; tylus
and two stripes on front of head
blackish; scutellum, apical half of
:lavus and inner apical third of corium
more or less tinged with fuscous, the
reddish always showing through the
infuscation; membrane and femora
fuscous-brown ; tibiae black, coxae pale
yellow; under surface red, the meso-
sternum and genital region blackish.

Fig. 182, X 7. (After Lugger).

842 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

Joint 1 of antennae subequal in length to width of vertex, one-third as
long as 2; 3 two-thirds the length of 2; 4 one-third as long as 3. Female
with the embolium and outer third of cuneus pale translucent yellow.
Length, 5.6—5.7 mm. (Fig. 182).

Marion Co., Ind. ; June 30 (//'. 5\ B.). Swannanoa and Aber-
deen, N. Car., June (Brimley). Described from Indiana. The
recorded range extends from Quebec and New England west to
North Dakota, Colorado and Kansas and south to New Jersey,
but many of the records are doubtful as to identity. For ex-
maple, Prof. Uhler once identified for me as media what is now
recognized as confluens, and the name media which he made the
type of the genus, served for years as a "catch-all" for almost
all specimens of Lopidea taken from Colorado eastward. In
founding the genus (1872, 411) and again (1878, 406) Uhler
mentioned his robinea, described in 1861, as a variety of media,
whereas if it is a variety of anything it is confluens. It would
not be surprising, therefore, if confluens was the species he had
in hand and therefore the generic type. However, Say's
description will fit any one of several species since described
more in detail, and calls for a species "one-fourth of an inch
(6.2 mm.) in length to tip of hemelytra," whereas what Knight
calls media is smaller with length as above given.

910 (— ). Lopidea davisi Knight, 1917c, 458.

Elongate-oblong, more robust than media. General color reddish-
orange; antennas, tylus, front of head and legs black; calli and base of
pronotum, scutellum, clavus, inner half of corium and membrane dark
fuscous-brown ; under surface with middle fuscous-brown to black, sides
pale. Joint 1 of antennae slightly shorter than width of vertex; 2 three
and a fourth times longer than 1, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 two-
fifths as long as 3. Female more robust than male, with costal margin
of elytra very slightly but visibly curved. Length, 5.5 — 5.7 mm.

Marion, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., June 19 — Sept. 19;
swept from Phlox divaricata L. growing in dense wooded ravines ;
also taken from the garden phlox, P. paniculata L. The known
range extends from New York west to Minnesota and Arkan-
sas and south to Virginia. "A serious pest on cultivated Phlox
and may very well be called the phlox plant bug" {Knight) .

911 (— ). Lopidea incurva Knight, 1918, 214.

Fuscous-brown, often with a reddish tinge; cheeks, lorse, median
stripe on vertex, narrow front and side margins of pronotum, embolium
and outer margin of cuneus reddish-yellow; membrane, antenna?, beak
and tarsi dark fuscous. Joint 1 of antenna? two-thirds as long as width

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 843

of vertex; 2 slightly thickest at middle, tapering toward base and apex,
nearly four times as long as 1; 3 linear, two-thirds the length of 2; 4
one-third as long as 3. Length, 4.8 — 5 mm.

Marion and Vigo counties, Ind., June 22 — Aug. 1 ; common
July 5 in all stages on foliage of honey locust. Recorded only
from Langdon, Mo., and Galesburg, 111. It is the smallest of
our eastern species.

912 ( — ). Lopidea salicis Knight, 1917c, 457.

Head, calli, scutellum, cuneus and clavus in great part reddish-fus-
cous; prosternum, propleura and basal angles of pronotum yellowish; re-
mainder of upper surface red. Antenna? dark brown, joint 1 as long as
width of head, 2 three times as long as 1, 3 three-fifths the length of 2;
4 one-half as long as 3. Length, 5.7 mm.

Ramsey Co., Minn., June 27 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Known
elsewhere only from New York, where it occurred in June on
the black willow.

913 (1148). Lopidea floridana (Walker), 1873, 97.

"Female: — Red, fusiform, very finely punctured. Head triangular.
Eyes piceous, prominent. Rostrum extending to hind coxae. Antennae
black, slender, as long as body; first joint red, as long as head; second
more than twice the length of first; third much shorter than second;
fourth less than half the length of third. Prothorax with a callus on
each side in front. Legs piceous, slender. Membrane blackish. Hind
wings cinereous. Length of body, 2 lines. "St. John's Bluff, East Florida.
Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq."

The above is the original description of Walker's Capsus flori-
da nits and if it refers to a Lopidea may be applied to any one of
a half dozen or more known species. Only a study of the type
will show its present status.

III. Hadronema Uhler, 1872, 412.

Elongate, subparallel species having the head wider across
eyes than apex of pronotum, its front subvertical ; vertex con-
vex without median groove, its base with a prominent, slightly
curved carina across its full width ; beak reaching middle coxae;
pronotum with a transverse impression behind the calli but
without a ridge in front of them as in Ilnacora and Lopidea ;
mesoscutum narrowly exposed ; elytra entire, cuneus scarcely
distinct from corium ; entire upper surface beset with numerous
erect black bristle-like hairs. Other characters as in Lopidea.
One of the five known North American species occurs in our
territory.

844 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDiE.

914 (1153). Hadronema militaris Uhler, 1872, 471.

Black, opaque, with a leaden tinge; flanks and basal half of prono-
tum in part reddish-yellow; embolium and outer half of cuneus pale yel-
low; membrane blackish-fuscous; legs and under surface bluish-black, the
ventrals sparsely clothed with rather long appressed yellowish hairs, their
lateral edges pale. Antenna? black, half the length of body; joint 1 two-
thirds as long as width of vertex; 2 cylindrical, three and one-half times
the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 thinner than 2, subequal in thickness, densely
clothed with fine yellowish hairs; 3 three-fifths the length of 2, 4 one-
third as long as 3. Hind lobe of pronotum conspicuously transversely
rugose, its basal angles broadly rounded. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., May 29 ; swept in some numbers from the
white false-indigo, Baptisia kucantha Torr. & Gray. Ranges from
New York west to the Pacific, feeding on several species of
Baptisia. Recorded also by Distant from Mexico.

Tribe VIII. ORTHOTYLINI Van Duzee, 1916a, 211 (Orthotylaria) .

To this tribe, as characterized in the key, p. 797, belong
eleven of our eastern genera of the subfamily Orthotylinse."7

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF TRIBE ORTHOTYLINI.

a. Disk of pronotum transversely sulcate behind the calli, the sulcus
extending over the sides; calli distinctly arched, separated by a
depression.

b. First antennal not or but slightly longer than width of vertex;

female usually suboval, brachypterous, with second antennal dis-
tinctly thickened toward apex ; color black with pale markings.

I. Globiceps, p. 845.
bb. First antennal nearly as long as width of head across eyes, thicker
on basal half and tapering apically; second antennal linear in
both sexes; color green or greenish-yellow.

II. Blepharidopterus, p. 847.
aa. Disk of pronotum without a transverse sulcus; calli not so distinctly
arched.

c. Pronotal disk margined at sides; second antennal swollen, fusiform;

vertex with a distinct basal margin; upper surface sparsely
clothed with whitish scales; general color dull red or black.

III. Heterocordylus, p. 847.
cc. Pronotal disk without marginal carina?, the sides sometimes obtuse-
ly rounded; second antennal linear, rarely (Heterotopia) much
thickened and fusiform; basal margin of vertex often feeble or
wanting.
d. Eyes placed near or before the middle of sides of head; elytra in
great part translucent hyaline; costal margin of elytra fringed
with fine hairs.

B7The European species, Cyllocoris histrionicus (Linn.). Van Duzee number L158,

has no definite station record for this country, and Knight (1922, 2S1) doubts its
occurrence. The genus is therefore not included in the key.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 845

e. Form oblong-oval; membrane of nearly the same texture as
corium and with only one cell; base of vertex carinate.

IV. Hyalochloria, p. 848.
ee. Form elongate, subparallel ; membrane differing in texture from
corium and with two cells; base of vertex not carinate, male,
very obtusely so, female. V. Diaphnidia, p. 849.

dd. Eyes placed near hind margin of head, close to pronotal angles;
elytra rarely in great part hyaline.
/. First antennal with a black line on each side, these connected
beneath near apex; eyes, viewed from above, elongate, their
inner margins parallel ; color white or greenish, clothed with
rather long white pubescence. VI. Reuteria, p. 851.

//. First antennal without black lines; eyes not so elongate, their
inner margins diverging.
g. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae strongly swollen, 2 fusiform; mem-
brane finely rugose; third and fourth antennals united only
half the length of second. VII. Heterotoma, p. 851.

gg. Joint 2 of antennae linear; membrane not rugose; third and
fourth antennals united distinctly more than half as long as
second.
h. Head vertical, viewed from above not prolonged in front of
eyes; pronotum of male campanulate, sinuate at base, the
humeral angles prominent; female usually brachypterous, the
abdomen very broad. VIII. Mecomma, p. 852.

hh. Head declivent, viewed from above prolonged before the front
margin of eyes; pronotum trapezoidal, humeral angles not
abruptly prominent; sexes similar.
i. Head strongly compressed apically; vertex declivent behind,
not margined at base, usually with a small pale spot each
side ; basal width of pronotum very little greater than width
of head. IX. Cyrtorhinus, p. 853.

ii. Head not distinctly compressed apically; vertex usually mar-
gined at base, when black never with a pale spot each side;
base of pronotum distinctly wider than head.
j. Base of vertex carinate, sometimes obtusely so, the carina
never beset with bristly hairs; beak usually reaching hind
coxae; xyphus moderately sulcate, its sides V-shaped.

X. Orthotylus, p. 854.
jj. Base of vertex not carinate, the basal margin beset with
bristly hairs and with an alutaceous glabrous spot adjoin-
ing the eye each side; beak not passing hind margin of
mesosternum; xyphus deeply excavated, its sides U-shaped.

XL Noctuocoris. p. 865.

I. Globiceps LePeletier & Serville, 1825, 326.

Elongate, narrow, subparallel species (male) or suboval
(female), having the head wider across eyes than long, its
front vertical; beak reaching middle coxae; antenna? shorter

846 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDjE.

than body, joint 1 stout, subcylindrical, 2 thickened toward
apex, more so in female ; pronotum elongate-trapezoidal, broad-
er at base than long, otherwise as in key ; scutellum triangular,
equilateral, convex, with a transverse groove across basal third ;
elytra dimorphic, in macropterous male longer than abdomen,
clavus deflexed to corium, the latter subconvex, cuneus long
triangular, feebly deflected; hind tarsi with joint 2 longest, 1
shortest. Three species have been recorded from North
America, two of them from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GLOBICEPS.

a. Elytra of female reaching behind middle of abdomen with membrane
short but distinct; second antennal thickened toward apex in both
sexes; base of vertex margined in male, not margined in female.

915. FLAVOMACULATUS.

aa. Elytra of female reaching only base of third dorsal, devoid of clavus,
cuneus and membrane ; second antennal of male but slightly thick-
ened toward apex ; base of vertex not margined in either sex.

916. DISPAR.

915 (1161). Globiceps flavomaculatus (Fabricius), 1794, 182.

Black, sparsely clothed with short silvery-white hairs; elytra with
costal margin pale dull yellow, blackish at base; corium with a large
triangular yellowish-white spot on basal half, and a dark brown band
across apical fourth, cuneus with basal half yellowish-white; membrane
blackish, iridescent, inner cell and spot near tip of cuneus whitish; legs
reddish-brown, tibiae and tips of femora usually paler. Joint 1 of anten-
nae brownish-yellow, as long as width of vertex; 2 black, male, paler at
base, female, four times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 piceous, 3 two-fifths the
length of 3, twice as long as 4. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

(British Mus. Coll.). A palsearctic European species recorded
in this country from Ontario and doubtfully from Pennsylvania,
but Knight (1922, 281) states that these records require veri-
fication. Common in England in July on Umbellifera and
amongst roots of grasses.

916 ( — ). Globiceps dispar (Boheman), 1852, 72.

Male — Elongate, subparallel. Black, vertex often with a pale spot
each side; clavus and apical half of corium pale fuscous, cuneus and
basal half of corium pale translucent, the former with apex and inner
margin dusky; membrane pale fuscous, cells whitish, iridescent, veins
darker; legs straw-yellow, hind tibiae and third joint of tarsi dusky; ven-
trals black, shining. Joint 1 of antennae dull yellow, as long as width of
vertex; 2 black, paler at base, four times as long as 1 ; 3 yellowish, dusky
toward apex, three-fifths the length of 2; 4 fuscous, one-half as long as 3.
Pronotum with disk strongly widened across humeral angles. Elytra

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 847

surpassing abdomen by one-half the length of membrane. Brachypterous
female — Suboval. Black, shining; elytra whitish-translucent, with base
and cross-bar on apical third fuscous. Head and abdomen subglobose.
Second antennal strongly clavate. Elytra oblong, narrowed at base, their
tips upcurved. Length, 3.2 — 4.3 mm.

Fritton and Gimingham, Norfolk, England, August (British
Mus. Coll.). An introduced European species, known in this
country from Glen House, N. Hamp. ; Parry Sound, Ontario, and
Colorado.

II. Blepharidopterus Kolenati, 1845, 107.

Elongate, narrow, somewhat delicate species having the head
wider across eyes than long, its front vertical ; beak reaching
hind coxae; antennae longer than body; pronotum subcampanu-
late, broader at base than long, humeral angles elevated, hind
margin concave; scutellum as in Globiceps; elytra entire, longer
than abdomen, inner half of clavus flat, outer half deflexed to
corium, cuneus long, triangular, feebly deflexed ; hind tarsi with
joints 2 and 3 subequal, 1 shorter. One palaearctic European
species occurs in our territory.

917 ( — ). Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fallen), 1807, 76.

Elongate, narrow, subparallel. Green or yellowish-green, fading to
dull yellow, sparsely clothed with fine suberect dusky hairs ; hind angles
of pronotum black; elytra subtranslucent, clavus piceous along the com-
missure, its disk and that of corium with numerous minute dark green
dots; membrane whitish-hyaline, iridescent, darker between tips of cells
and apex, veins green ; legs greenish-yellow, knees of tibia? black, tarsi
brown. Joint 1 of antennas yellowish, base and sometimes apex black, two-
thirds as long as head and pronotum united ; 2 more than twice as long
as 1, yellowish, with a black ring near base, apex brownish; 3 and 4
piceous-brown, 3 almost as long as 2, 4 one-third the length of 3. Length,
5 — 5.5 mm.

Cheshunt, England, Aug. 29 (British Mus. Coll.). Known in
this country only from Halifax, Nova Scotia. Common in Eng-
land on alders in July and August.

III. Heterocordylus Fieber, 1858, 316.

Elongate, rather robust species having the head triangular,
slightly wider across eyes than apex of pronotum, its front
declivent ; beak reaching hind coxse ; antennae shorter than
body ; eyes large, prominent ; pronotum trapezoidal, sides
straight, disk but slightly declivent from the base forward,
hind margin truncate ; mesoscutum exposed ; elytra entire, sur-

848

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

passing abdomen, cuneus long, triangular, but little deflexed;
hind tarsi with joints 2 and 3 subequal, 1 two-thirds the length
of 2. One species occurs in our territory.

918 (1127). Heterocordylus malinus Reuter, 1909, 71.

Dark red to fuscous-black, thinly clothed with white closely appressed

scales and very fine yellowish hairs. Males usually fuscous-black with

basal angles of pronotum and elytra
red, embolium and cuneus with a red-
dish tinge; antennae, legs and under
surface dark fuscous-brown, the ven-
trals tinged with reddish. Females
usually with head, apical half of
pronotum, scutellum, inner half of
clavus and membrane fuscous-black,
remainder of upper surface red;
sometimes nearly wholly fuscous.
Joint 1 of antennae subclavate, sub-
equal in length to width of vertex; 2
subfusiform, clothed with bristle-like
hairs, three times longer than 1 ; 3 and
4 linear, clothed with short fine brown
hairs, 3 two-fifths the length of 2, 4
one-half as long as 3. Last ventral of
male with a deep V-shaped notch.
Length, 5.7—6.5 mm. (Fig. 183).

Vermilion, Fountain, Marion
and Harrison counties, Ind., May 10 — June 17. Beaten in num-
bers from the flowers and foliage of the large-fruited thorn or
red-haw, Cratcegus punctatus Jacq. Henderson, Ky., June 1 {Mar-
shall). Recorded only from New Hampshire, New York and
Glen Ellyn, 111. Occurs with Lygidca mendax Reut. on apple trees
in New York, often doing much damage by deforming with
their punctures a large proportion of the fruit.

IV. Hyalochloria Reuter, 1907b, 18.

Small oval, greenish hyaline species having the head nar-
rower than base of pronotum, its front vertical, truncate above,
not produced in front of eyes ; vertex broadly concave between
the eyes and with an impressed median line, its basal margin
curved, feebly carinate ; antennae very slender, pilose, half the
length of body ; pronotum subtrapezoidal, twice as wide at base
as long, sides feebly sinuate, apex one-half the width of base,
disk with a transverse impression behind the calli which are
united at middle to form a preapical collar-like ridge, hind mar-

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLINyE. 849

gin broadly concave, impressed each side near basal angles ;
scutellum triangular, convex, as long as pronotum with trans-
verse groove in front of the exposed elevated mesoscutum ;
elytra entire, surpassing abdomen, conjointly oval, costal mar-
gin broadly curved ; legs slender, tibiae without spines, finely
setose. One of the three known species occurs in Florida.

919 (1168%). Hyalochloria caviceps Reuter, 1907b, 20.

Oblong-oval. Color uniform pale greenish- or greenish-yellow, shin-
ing, sparsely clothed with suberect yellowish hairs; eyes brown; apex of
scutellum green ; tarsal claws fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae stout, yellow,
about one-half as long as width of vertex; 2 greenish, usually fuscous at
base and apex, one-fourth shorter than basal width of pronotum ; 3 and 4
blackish, subequal in length, united about three-fourths the length of 2.
Length, 2 — 2.2 mm.

Dunedin and Royal Palm Park, Fla., Dec. 1 — April 8; swept
from low roadside herbage. Described from Jamaica. Re-
corded heretofore in this country only from Biscayne Bay, Fla.

V. Diaphnidia Uhler, 1895, 43.

Elongate, subelliptical, delicate, opaque species having the
front of head subvertical, slightly longer than width of vertex,
tylus projecting beyond the line of face, curving beneath ; beak
usually reaching hind coxae, its basal joint shorter than under
side of head ; antennae slender, nearly as long as body ; prono-
tum trapezoidal, side margins almost straight, oblique, disk
usually with a shallow impressed line behind the calli ; elytra
long and wide, nearly flat, subhyaline, the costal margin re-
flexed ; abdomen very narrow. Four species are recorded from
the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN" SPECIES OF DIAPHXIDIA.

a. Larger, length 4 or more mm.; head not black.

b. Beak reaching between front coxa?; color green or greenish-white;
length, 5.5 mm. 920. debilis.

b b. Beak reaching beyond middle coxa?.

c. Antenna? almost wholly greenish-white; length, 4 — 4.3 mm.

921. pellucida.

cc. Second antennal fuscous or black, third and fourth fuscous ; length,

5 m. 922. PROVANCHERI.

act. Smaller, length 3 — 3.5 mm.; head black. 923. capitata.

920 (1165). Diaphnidia debilis Uhler, 1895, 43.

Elongate-oblong. Uniform pale green or greenish-white; pronotum,
sides of head and under surface minutely pubescent; beak yellowish, black
at tip ; legs pale green, tibia? tinged with yellowish, their spines dai'k,

850 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

base and apex of tarsi piceous; ventrals silvery-greenish. Antennae yel-
lowish, joint 1 longer than head, stouter than 2, narrowed toward base;
2 cylindrical, as long as outer margin of corium. Pronotum one-third
wider than long, disk flat, finely rugose, side margins feebly sinuate in
front of humeral angles. Elytra minutely scabrous. Length, 5.5 mm.

Ranges from Ontario and New England west to Colorado and
California. Host plant as yet unknown.

921 (1166). Diaphnidia pellucida Uhler, 1895, 44.

Pale green fading to yellowish-white, sparsely clothed with very fine
suberect whitish hairs; under surface and legs more yellowish, the genital
region, tarsal claws and fourth antennal often tinged with fuscous. Joint
1 of antenna? longer than head, narrowed at base, 2 four times as long as
1, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 one-third as long as 3. Pronotum one-
third wider at base than long, calli rather prominent, with an impressed
space between them, basal margin straight, hind angles subacute. Clavus
and corium minutely scabrous. Length, 4 — 4.3 mm.

Washington, D. C, July 14 (Gerhard). Ranges from Quebec
and New England west to the Pacific ; in the east not recorded
south of Maryland. Host plants, apple, hop hornbeam, maple,
hazelnut and hickory. Van Duzee (1912a, 489) says that:
"It seems to be common throughout the eastern United States
and Canada. It occurs most frequently on hickory trees and
has a most annoying habit of biting sharply should it land
where the skin is wet with perspiration."

922 (1167). Diaphnidia provancheri (Burque), 1887, 144.

Pale translucent greenish-yellow, sometimes with calli and basal half
of pronotum in part vaguely brownish; tibiae and tarsi usually lightly
tinged with fuscous. Antennae as in key, joint 1 dull yellow, slightly
longer than width of vertex, 2 four times as long as 1, 3 three-fourths
as long as 2, 4 one-third the length of 3. Length, 5 mm.

St. Anthony Park and Two Harbors, Minn., June 18 — Aug.
20 (Minn. Univ. Co//.). Ranges from Quebec and New England
west to California; in the east rarely found south of latitude
42°. Occurs on hickory, oak, willow, beech and yellow birch.

923 (1168). Diaphnidia capitata Van Duzee, 1912a, 490.

Pale greenish-yellow, translucent; head shining black, eyes brown or
gray; membrane pale hyaline, feebly iridescent. Joint 1 of antennae
blackish-fuscous, as long as width of vertex, 2 brown, paler at middle,
three and one-half times the length of 1. Head smaller, vertex relatively
wider and more convex than in our other species. Beak reaching hind
coxae. Length, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Ottawa, Ont., July 2 {Win Dusee). Cloquet, Minn.. Aug. 1

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^. 851

(Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded elsewhere only from New York.
Breeds on witch hazel; occurs also on beech and yellow birch.

VI. Reuteria Puton, 1875, 519.

Elongate- subparallel, pubescent species having the head por-
rect, wider across eyes than apex of pronotum, its front de-
clivent, base of vertex not carinate ; eyes large, coarsely granu-
lated; beak reaching hind coxse; antennae moderately stout,
shorter than body; pronotum trapezoidal, nearly as wide at
base as long, sides straight, apex half the width of base, hind
margin truncate, basal angles rounded ; elytra entire, almost
flat, surpassing abdomen ; cuneus defiexed, fracture weak, legs
long and slender. One species is known.

924 (1169). Reuteria irrorata (Say), 1832, 25; I, 346.

Pale white; elytra and hind femora, when fresh, usually marbled
with greenish-black spots ; apical fourth of embolium and outer margin
of cuneus usually more or less tinged with fuscous; tarsi fuscous-brown.
Joint 1 of antenna? with black lines as in key, subequal in length to width
of vertex; 2 pale straw-yellow, fuscous at base, three and a half times
longer than 1. Commissure longer than scutellum. Entire upper sur-
face sparsely clothed with long whitish hairs; costal margin ciliate with
same. Length, 4.3 — 4.5 mm.

Staten Island, N. Y., Aug. 6 (Pans). Swannanoa, N. Car.,
July (Brimlcy). Described from Indiana. Ranges from Ontario
and New York west to North Dakota, Iowa and Kansas and
south to Maryland and North Carolina. Recorded also from
Europe and Mexico. Breeds on linden and white oak.

VII. Heterotoma Latreille, 1829, 199.

Elongate, slender species having the head one-half wider
across eyes than long, front vertical ; antennae shorter than
body, joints 1 and 2 very strongly swollen, 3 and 4 filiform ;
eyes large, prominent, subglobose ; beak reaching first ventral ;
pronotum trapezoidal, one-third wider at base than long at
middle, declivent forward, calli distinct, sides feebly concave,
not carinate, front angles rounded, hind ones acute ; scutellum
triangular, equilateral; elytra surpassing abdomen, clavus de-
flected to corium, cuneus long, triangular; joints of hind tarsi
subequal in length. One species is known.

925 (1180%). Heterotoma meriopterum (Scopoli), 1763, 131.

Olive-gray or dark brown, thickly clothed with appressed whitish
hairs and suberect darker ones ; inner margin of clavus and costal mar-

852 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

gin of corium blackish, the latter ciliate; cuneus tinged with reddish, its
outer margin fuscous; membrane blackish with a subtriangular white
spot opposite tip of cuneus, veins reddish-brown; legs yellowish-white,
joint 3 of tarsi and claws brown; ventrals black. Joints 1 and 2 of an-
tennae black, thickly pilose with black hairs; 1 cylindrical, as long as
head, 2 fusiform, flattened on sides, stouter and three times longer than
1; 3 and 4 fuscous, pale at base, much more slender, united about one-
half the length of 2, 4 three-fifths as long as 3. Pronotum finely trans-
versely rugose. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Horcham Road, Sussex and Muswell Hill, England, July —
August (British Mus. Coll.). Recorded in this country only
from Honeoye Falls, N. Y., where it was taken in a nursery.
In England it is said to be common in summer on nettles and
other plants along hedges.

VIII. Mecomma Fieber, 1858, 313.

Elongate, sides subparallel, male, oblong-oval, female ; head
wider across eyes than long, vertex feebly convex, its base not
carinate ; beak reaching hind coxae ; eyes large, prominent ;
scutellum triangular, equilateral, with transverse channel near
base ; elytra of male entire, surpassing abdomen, clavus con-
vex, corium flat; of female, short, reaching middle of abdo-
men, their tips rounded, the corium only present ; hind tarsi
with joint 2 longest, 1 shorter than 3.

But one species occurs in our territory, the records of M.
ambulans (Fall.) from British America belonging to gilvipcs
(Stal), as pointed out by Knight.

926 (1188). Mecomma gilvipes (Stal), 1858, 187.

Male — Black, elytra in great part dull yellowish-translucent, feebly
tinged with fuscous, clavus more strongly fuscous ; membrane pale
hyaline, veins pale brown; antennae fuscous-brown, thickly pilose; legs
dull yellow. Pronotum campanulate, broader at base than long, its hind
margin slightly concave, exposing the mesoscutum. Elytra surpassing
abdomen by the full length of membrane, their costal margins finely
ciliate. Female — Black, shining; elytra dull yellow; legs pale straw-
yellow. Antennae as long as body, joint 1 and base of 2 yellow, remainder
piceous; 1 as long as width of vertex, 2 three and one-half times as long
as 1, feebly thickened toward apex; 3 three-fourths the length of 2, 4
three-fifths as long as 3. Pronotum subquadrate, front angles rounded,
calli large, rather low, separated by a shallow fovea. Elytra obovate,
reaching fourth dorsal, their tips broadly obliquely rounded. Length,
male, 4.3—4.5 mm.; female, 2.7—3 mm. (Fig. 176, a).

Machias, Me., July 22; Wanakena, N. Y., Aug. 3 (British Mus.
Coll.). Selkirk Mountains, British Columbia, Aug. 9 (Minn.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 853

Univ. Coll.). Ranges from Ontario and New England west to
the Pacific, north of latitude 42°. Occurs upon rank herbage in
moist shaded locations.

IX. Cyrtorhinus Fieber, 1858, 313.

In addition to the characters given in generic key, the mem-
bers of this genus have the beak reaching between middle
coxae; antennae finely pilose, joint 1 three-fourths or more as
long as width of vertex ; elytra in both sexes entire, longer
than abdomen in males, the cuneal fracture subobsolete. Two
species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF CYRTORHIXUS.

a. Pronotum wholly black; elytra fuscous. 927. caricis var. VAGUS.
act. Apical half of pronotum in part pale yellow; elytra sordid white.

928. PYGM^US.

927 (lise1^). Cyrtorhinus caricis vagus Knight, 1923, 511.
Elongate-oblong. Head, pronotum and scutellum black, shining;

elytra a nearly uniform pale subhyaline fuscous, minutely and sparsely
pubescent, embolium somewhat paler; clavus sometimes tinged with fus-
cous; legs greenish-yellow, coxae and hind femora often in part fuscous.
Antennae fuscous-black, the incisure between joints 1 and 2 pale; joint 1
slightly shorter than width of vertex; 2 three times longer than 1; 3
two-thirds the length of 2, 4 one-third as long as 3. Pronotum minutely
transversely rugose. Length, 2.8 — 3 mm.

Raleigh, N. Car., Aug. 10 (Brimley). Recorded elsewhere
only from New York, New Jersey and Virginia. Knight (1917b,
250) first recorded this as the European C. caricis (Fall.), but
later described it as a variety of that species. The typical
caricis is known from Colorado and in Europe occurs amongst
sedges in damp places.

928 (1186%). Cyrtorhinus pygm^eus (Zetterstedt), 1838, column 279.
Elongate, sides subparallel, male; suboval, female. Head black, shin-
ing; pronotum and scutellum fuscous, the former with area in front of
and between calli dull yellow; elytra dull whitish-translucent; membrane
pale hyaline, iridescent; legs straw-yellow; ventrals dull yellow with a
fuscous stripe at sides. Joint 1 of antennae as long as width of vertex,
shining black, its apical fourth yellow; 2 fuscous-black, three times as
long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, subequal in length, united one-third
longer than 2. Upper surface sparsely clothed with very fine inclined
dusky hairs. Elytra of male slightly surpassing abdomen; of female
reaching sixth dorsal. Length, 3 — 3.2 mm.

Carmarthen and Poole Harbor, England, August (British Mus.

854 FAMILY XXIX. — MIKID^E.

Coll.). A European species which Van Duzee records as taken
by Mrs. A. T. Slosson in Florida.

X. Orthotylus Fieber, 1858, 315.

Elongate-oval or oblong-oval species having the head wider
across eyes than apex of pronotum, its front vertical ; vertex
with a basal carina and in front of it a depressed line or area ;
tylus prominent, its base usually on a line with base of anten-
nae; beak reaching beyond middle coxae, its tip blackish; anten-
nae pubescent, shorter than body, basal joint stoutest, 3 and 4
setaceous ; pronotum trapezoidal, rather flat, usually wider at
base than long, sides straight, converging, basal margin feebly
concave or straight ; mesoscutum usually exposed ; scutellum
triangular, equilateral ; elytra entire, surpassing abdomen,
clavus deflexed toward corium, cuneus and membrane feebly
deflexed, the latter 2-celled.

The North American species were monographed by Van
Duzee in 1916. About 45 species are known from this country,
21 of which have been recorded from the eastern states. For
convenience of study these are separated into two groups as
follows :

KEY TO GROUPS OP EASTERN SPECIES OF ORTHOTYLUS.

a. Ground color green or greenish-yellow, sometimes almost white, dark

markings, if present, not clouding the elytra. Group A, p. 854.

act. Ground color pale brownish-yellow to black, sometimes greenish when

immature, but the elytra, in that case, marked with fuscous or

black. Group B, p. 859.

Group A. — Orthotylus.

This group comprises small, moderately elongate green or
greenish-yellow species having the base of vertex sharply
carinate; pronotum short, transverse; legs short. It includes
eight of our eastern species.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP A, ORTHOTYLUS.

a. Upper surface with two types of pubescence, viz., closely appressed

scale-like hairs intermixed with longer inclined or suberect slender

ones.

h. Antenna? green or greenish-yellow; veins and cells of membrane

green.

c. Upper surface without patches of appressed black scales; color

pale green or greenish-yellow; host plant, lamb's quarters,

Chenopodium album L. 929. flavosparsus.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 855

cc. Upper surface with numerous small scattered patches of appressed
black scales; pronotum and elytra dark green; host plant, holly-
hock, Althtea rosea Cav. 930. althjeje.
bb. Antenna? with joints 3 and 4 and apical half of 2 fuscous-brown;
veins and cells of membrane pale brown. 931. concolor.
««. Upper surface with inclined or suberect pubescent hairs only.

d. Smaller species, length not more than 4.5 mm.; first joint of anten-
nae shorter than head.
e. Pubescence of upper surface blackish ; antennae and membrane
wholly pale; host plant honey-locust, Gleditsia triacunthos L.

932. CHLORIONIS.

ee. Pubescence of upper surface pale; apical half of antennae fuscous;

membrane pale, its veins green; host plant burdock, Arctium

minus Schk. 933. translucens.

dd. Larger species, length more than 4.5 mm.; first antennal as long as

or longer than head.

/. Basal joint of antennae pale brownish-yellow; length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

934. UNIFORMIS.

//*. Basal joint of antennae brown or black; host plant, willow.

g. Pubescence of upper surface fine ; basal joint of antennae brown ;

length, 5 mm. 935. viridis.

gg. Pubescence of upper surface coarse, conspicuous; basal joint of

antennae black; length, 5.8 — 6.5 mm. 936. basicornis.

929 (1172). Orthotylus flavosparsus (Sahlberg), 1842, 411.

Oblong-oval. Pale green fading to greenish-yellow; head, calli and
lower surface dull yellow; membrane slightly dusky, the cells and veins
greenish; tips of tibiae and tarsi brownish. Upper surface with pubescence
as in key, in fresh specimens the pale buff scale-like hairs often form-
ing small spots on elytra. Vertex flat with a median depression in front
of basal carina, this more conspicuous in male. Pronotum twice as wide
as long, its basal margin straight. Elytra surpassing abdomen by less
than one-half the length of membrane. Length, 4 — 4.2 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 12 — Aug. 22 ; swept from lamb's quar-
ters, grasses and other herbage along railway embankments
and roadsides. Cape Sable, Fla., Feb. 22 ; not before recorded
from that State {W. S. B.). Swannanoa, N. Car., July (Brim-
Icy) . A European species ranging in this country from Quebec
and New England west to the Dakotas and Kansas and south-
west to Virginia and Florida. Occurs mainly on Chenopodiam.

930 ( — ). Orthotylus althmm Hussey, 1924, 165.

Oblong-oval. Head, front lobe of pronotum and legs dull yellow;
hind lobe of pronotum and elytra dark green; membrane pale dusky
translucent, the veins whitish; under surface greenish-yellow; tarsal
claws fuscous. Pubescence as in key, the blackish, scale-like hairs con-
spicuous and scattered over the entire upper surface. Joints 1 and 2 of
antennae dull yellow, 1 slightly longer than width of vertex, 2 near'.y

856 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

four times as long: as 1; 3 in part and 4 fuscous, 3 one-eighth shorter
than 2, 4 one-half as long as 3. Pronotum twice as wide as long, calli
very prominent, front angles with a long seta directed outward and for-
ward. Elytra but slightly passing tip of abdomen. Length, 3.5 — 3.8 mm.

Lafayette, Ind., May 15 ; taken from hollyhock. Known as
the "hollyhock bug." Recorded only from Michigan. Hussey
found it common at Ann Arbor, June to late September ; all
stages occuring on the upper side of the leaves of hollyhock
and doing serious damage thereto. Originally described** by
A. J. Cook as Orthotylus delicatus Uhler (Ms.), which name was
preoccupied.

931 ( — ). Orthotylus concolor (Kirschbaum), 1855, 315.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Bluish-green, thickly clothed with fine
short silvery appressed hairs, intermixed with numerous inclined stouter
blackish ones; head and apical third of pronotum fading to dull yellow;
membrane uniformly pale brownish-hyaline, iridescent, veins yellowish to
dusky; legs yellowish-green, third joint and claws of tarsi piceous. Joint
1 of antenna? greenish, three-fourths as long as width of vertex; 2 yel-
lowish, brownish toward apex, three and a half times as long as 1; 3
and 4 dark brown, 3 three-fourths as long as 2, 4 one-third the length of 3,
Length, 4.2 — 4.6 mm.

Herefordshire, England, Aug. 13 (British Mus. Coll.). A
European species recorded in this country only from Massachu-
setts. Somewhat larger and stouter than flavosparsus and with-
out small yellow pubescent spots on elytra.

932 (1173). Orthotylus chlorionis (Say), 1832, 25; I, 346.

Elongate-oval. Pale green or greenish-yellow, fading to straw-yel-
low; above sparsely clothed with short inclined blackish hairs; legs and
antennae concolorous; membrane pale, the veins only greenish. Joint 1 of
antenna? as long as width of vertex, 2 three and a half times as long as
1, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 two-fifths as long as 3. Vertex convex,
with basal carina prominent. Calli not conspicuous. Elytra surpassing
abdomen by one-half the length of membrane. Length, 3.5 — 4 mm.
(Fig. 184).

Marion and Vigo counties, Ind., June 3 — July 15 ; frequent
on leaves of the host plant, the thorn or honey-locust. De-
scribed from Indiana. The known range extends from Quebec
and New England west to Indiana. Recorded also from Califor-
nia. Specimens are at hand, identified for me by Uhler as 0.
alternatus Uhler (Ms.). It is more robust than flavosparsus, from
which it may be separated by the concolorous cells of mem-
brane and lack of patches of pale pubescence; from uniformis

88Bull. 76, Midi. Agr. Coll. Exp. Stat.. 1891, 10.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E.

857

vf I

Fig. 184, X 14. (After Forbes).

by the smaller size and shorter elytra and from translucens by
the suberect dark hairs of upper surface. Forbes in his Tenth
Illinois Report (1909, 90) calls it the "green leaf -bug," and
says it is "very common in July on the sugar beet in Illinois,
causing a whitish mottling of the leaves. It is to some extent
nocturnal and has been taken at electric lights."

933 (1174). Orthotylus translucens Tucker, 1907, 58.

Clear green, head, calli, scutellum and under surface tinged with yel-
lowish; upper surface sparsely clothed with pale hairs; membrane dusky,
iridescent, veins pale green ; elytral nervures, outer margin of cuneus
and knees dark green. Joint 1 of antenna? greenish-yellow, shorter than
head; 3 and 4 and apical half of 2 fuscous; 2 about as stout as 1, nearly
four times longer. Head shorter and more vertical than in allied forms.
Pronotum about twice as wide at base as long at middle, calli not
prominent. Mesoscutum rather broadly exposed. Elytra surpassing
abdomen by half the length of membrane. Length, 4 mm.

Henderson, Ky., April 30 (Marshall).
falo and Elma, N. Y., and Colorado.

Recorded from Buf-

934 (1173y2). Orthotylus uniformis Van Duzee, 1916b, 100.

Elongate-oval. Color a nearly uniform greenish-yellow, rather thick-
ly clothed with short pale hairs; joints 3 and 4 of antennae fuscous-brown;

858 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

head, calli, legs and lower surface somewhat paler; membrane pale trans-
lucent, strongly iridescent, veins green; tips of tarsi and of beak black.
Head more pointed than in allied forms. Beak reaching between hind
coxa?. Pronotum subdepressed, sides strongly oblique, feebly concave, the
disk therefore much narrowed in front, transverse impression behind
calli conspicuous. Apex of abdomen scarcely reaching base of cuneus,
male; almost reaching its tip, female. "Dextral hook of male genital
short, straight, ligulate, its tip incurved and subacute; sinistral hook
long, curved in almost a semicircle, its apex slender, acuminate." Length,
4.8 — 6 mm.

Lake Tahoe, Cal. (type locality), July 19 (Van Dusee). Re-
corded also from Salamanca, N. Y., and Phoenix, Ariz. Host
plant unknown.

935 (1175%). Orthotylus viridis Van Duzee, 1916b, 103.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Color a nearly uniform green; head,
front lobe of pronotum, scutellum, legs and under surface usually rather
strongly tinged with yellow; costal margin often whitish; membrane
whitish-hyaline, lightly tinged with fuscous, veins yellowish or pale
green; tips of tarsi blackish. Joints 1, 3 and 4 of antennae pale- to fus-
cous-brown, 2 yellowish ; 1 as long as width of vertex, 2 three and a half
times as long as 1, 3 three-fourths the length of 2, 4 one-third as long as
3. Eyes very large, globose. Beak reaching middle coxae. Basal carina
of vertex straight, acute. Pronotum much narrowed in front, its length
two-thirds its basal width ; calli large, not prominent. Length, 4.6 — 5 mm.

Guilford, Conn., July 13 (Walden). Ranges from that state
west to South Dakota and south to North Carolina. Breeds on
willow.

936 ( — ). Orthotylus basicornis Knight, 1923, 515.

Elongate-oval. Head, beak, front lobe of pronotum, tip of scutellum
and legs dull yellow; hind lobe of pronotum, elytra and under surface
pale green fading to greenish-yellow; membrane pale translucent, the
veins greenish; tip of beak, joints 1 and 3 of tarsi and claws, fuscous-
brown; upper surface, including costal margins, with conspicuous pubes-
cence of rather long and coarse inclined yellowish hairs. Joint 1 of
antenna? fuscous-brown to blackish, slightly longer than width of vertex;
2 pale reddish-brown, three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous-brown, 3
one-half the length of 2, 4 three-fifths as long as 3. Pronotum with calli
prominent, merged at middle to form a wide collar-like ridge in front of
the transverse impression. Length, 5.8 — 6.5 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 19 — July 15 ; beaten in numbers from
its host plant, the sandbar willow, Salix fluviatilis Nutt. The
known range extends from Quebec and New York west to
Minnesota and Illinois, but the distribution is probably coexten-
sive with its host plant.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^. 859

Group B. — Orthotylus.

Usually elongate, slender, subparallel species having the
base of vertex sharply carinate and with a bi-impressed con-
cavity between the base of eyes ; pronotum about as long as
broad; legs long and slender. Color usually pale brownish-
yellow or reddish-yellow, with more or less fuscous or blackish,
the elytra typically having the clavus and apical half of corium
in part fuscous or black. To this group belong 13 of our east-
ern species of the genus.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP B, ORTHOTYLUS.

a. Form oblong-ovate; color a nearly uniform whitish- or pale brown-
ish-yellow; elytra translucent; head and calli yellowish; host plant,
marsh cudweed, Gnaphalium uliginosum L. 937. catulus.

aa. Form more elongate, sides subparallel; elytra with fuscous areas, or
at times nearly black.
6. Color pale testaceous, elytra translucent with dark markings faint,
almost wanting in female; median line of head and scutellum,
side margins of pronotum and sides of under surface black; host
plant American aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx.

938. CANDIDATUS.

66. Ground color sometimes pale greenish- or yellowish, but dark
markings of elytra always distinct.
c. Upper surface brownish-black, the elytra with only the embolium,
narrow base of corium and nerves of commissure pale; median
line or spot of pronotum and sometimes of scutellum pale;
length, 6.8 — 7 mm.; host plant, yellow birch, Betula lutea
Michx. 939. necopinus.

cc. Elytra in female with more than embolium and slender base of
corium pale; in male sometimes nearly wholly black; length
usually less than 6 mm.
d. Pronotum with side margins black, disk broadly pale or reddish-
yellow, sometimes with only the median line pale.
e. Disk of pronotum and sometimes the elytra in part, fulvous or
reddish-yellow.
/. Elytra black, the female with a broad pale stripe extending the
full length of corium and connecting with the pale cuneus ;
legs fulvous, apical half of hind femora blackish; length, 5.4
mm.; host plant, balm of gilead, Populus candicans Ait.

940. KNIGHTI.

//. Elytra chiefly fulvous or salmon colored, blackish each side of

commissure and on embolium; length, 4.7 mm.; host plant,

black locust, Robinia pseudacacia L. 941. submarginatus,

ee. Disk of pronotum with pale or greenish.

g. Pronotal disk broadly pale; scutellum black; membrane and
apical half of cuneus dark fuscous; clavus and a broad trans-
verse band across apex of corium, fuscous-black; length,
5.5 — 6 mm. 942. cruciatus.

860 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.E.

gg. Pronotal disk not so broadly pale; general color black or fus-
cous-black.
h. Embolium and outer margin of corium pale greenish trans-
lucent.
i. Pronotum and scutellum without a pale median line; length,
5.5 mm.; host plant, willow. 943. marginatus.

ii. Pronotum with a pale median line extending from its apex
to tip of scutellum; length, 6 mm.; host plants, thorn,
Crataegus, and apple. 944. serus.

hh. Corium blackish at outer margin except at base; scutellum
black, rarely pale at middle; length, 5.6 — 6 mm.; host plant,
smooth alder, Alnus rugosa (Du Roi). 945. alni.

dd. Pronotum of female with side margins pale or greenish, disk
usually in part blackish, often with median line pale; of male
sometimes almost wholly blackish.
j. Hind femora blackish except at base; scutellum broadly pale;
upper surface in great part blackish, the paler parts tinged
with reddish; length, 5.6 — 6 mm.; host plant, brittle willow,
Salix fragilis L. 946. ornatus.

jj. Hind femora greenish; scutellum sometimes broadly pale, but
then the femora not dark.
fc. Pronotal disk transversely pale behind calli; calli and basal
margin of disk brown or blackish, disk sometimes wholly
pale; length, 4.5 mm.; host plant, brittle and black willows.

947. MODESTUS.

kk. Pronotal disk almost wholly black, male; with blackish rays

each side of median line, connecting calli with basal margin,

female; host plant, black willow.

/. Smaller, length 5.2 mm. ; veins of membrane paler than the

disk; corium with inner apical half fuscous, the pale color

of basal half extending along claval suture.

948. DORSALIS.
//. Larger, length 5.8 — 6 mm.; veins and disk of membrane a
uniform dusky; pale color of basal half of corium not ex-
tending along claval suture to separate black of corium
from that of clavus. 949. neglectus.

937 (1175%). Orthotylus CATULUS Van Duzee, 1916b, 106.

Elongate-oval. Pale grayish-yellow, elytra often tinged with brown-
ish or fuscous, head and calli with yellowish; upper surface thickly
clothed with pale to dusky pubescence; membrane dusky hyaline, veins
whitish; tips of tarsi and beak black. Antennae slightly dusky apically,
joint 1 scarcely half as long as width of vertex, 2 nearly as stout as
and three times longer than 1. Beak reaching first ventral. Vertex flat
in front of the obtuse basal carina. Pronotum with sides straight, front
margin concave, calli large, not prominent. Elytra surpassing abdomen
by nearly the length of membrane; costal margin feebly but distinctly
curved. Length, 4.2 — 4.5 mm.

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 861

Hamburg, N. Y., June 6 (I 'an Duzee). Definitely recorded
only from Maine, Connecticut and New York. Occurs on cud-
weed in woodland pastures. "The pale testaceous color of this
insect gives it the appearance of being immature." (Van Dusee).

938 (in8M). Orthotylus candidatus Van Duzee, 1916b, 124.
Elongate, sides subparallel. Color as in key, clothed with minute

pale pubescence; head and antennae tinged with fulvous, pronotum, scutel-
lum and legs with yellow; elytra whitish-yellow, subhyaline, with a vague
fuscous line inside the principal vein ; membrane slightly fuscous, cell
milky-hyaline, veins brownish; tips of tibia? and tarsi fuscous. Antennae
wholly black, male; joint 1 blackish, 2 reddish-brown, female, its apex
and all of 3 and 4 fuscous. Vertex with basal carina prominent. Eyes
large, oval. Beak reaching base of middle coxae. Pronotum with calli
large, their inner margins subcontiguous and basal ones bounded by a
slightly curved conspicuous transverse impressed line. Length, 4.3 —
5 mm.

Two Harbors, Minn., Aug. 9 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Described
from Mt. Washington, N. Hamp. Taken in Minnesota only on
aspen growing on the edge of bluffs bordering Lake Superior.

939 (1178%). Orthotylus necopinus Van Duzee, 1916b, 125.
Elongate-oval. Head with front black, vertex with base, median

line and elongate spot each side adjoining eye, greenish;; antennae black,
apical joints paler; pronotum with front margin and middle of basal
half pale or greenish, rarely wholly black; color of elytra as in key; mem-
brane fuscous, veins and a mark near apex of cuneus paler; beak and
legs pale brownish-yellow, tarsi blackish; ventrals shining black with
median whitish stripe. Eyes very large and prominent. Vertex strongly
flattened, the basal carina prominent. Beak reaching base of middle
coxae. Pronotum much narrowed in front, two-thirds as long as wide at
base, sides concave, disk flattened, basal half finely transversely rugose,
calli small but prominent, hind margin broadly concave. Mesoscutum
moderately exposed.. Elytra gradually feebly widened from base to
cuneus. Length, 6.6 — 6.8 mm.

Whiteface Mt. trail, N. Y., July 6 (Davis) . Fairbault, Minn.,
June 12 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded only from Mt. Wash-
ington, N. Hamp., and Buffalo, N. Y. Breeds on yellow birch.
Readily known by the large size and dark fuscous-brown color.

940 (1179%). Orthotylus knighti Van Duzee, 1916b, 121.

Elongate, slender, sides subparallel. Fuscous-black, sparsely clothed
with very fine prostrate yellowish hairs ; male with a small median spot
on hind lobe of pronotum and a vague narrow stripe along the outer
margins of basal half of corium, dull yellow; female more robust with
pale spot and stripe conspicuous, the former covering most of pronotai
disk and more or less of the calli, the elytra as in key; membrane trans-
lucent fuscous, paler near tips of cuneus; lower surface of head, beak

862 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

except tip, coxae and femora dull yellow; tibiae, tarsi and apex of hind
femora fuscous-brown. Antennae fuscous-black; joint 1 as long as width
of vertex plus one eye; 2 three times as long as 1, 3 one-third the length
of 2, 4 one-third as long as 3. Vertex with a distinct concavity in front
of basal carina. Eyes large, prominent, in male as wide as vertex.
Pronotum much narrowed in front, the calli prominent. Elytra long,
slender, in male slightly tapering from base to cuneus. Length, 5.2
— 5.4 mm.

Attica, N. Y., July 6 (Gerhard) . Known only from that State.
Ocurs on willow and balm of gilead.

941 (1178). Orthotylus submarginatus (Say), 1832, 23; I, 344.

Pale salmon-yellow; front of head with a shining black spot on
cheeks and base of tylus; antennae blackish, basal joint paler; sides and
flanks of pronotum broadly black; apex of scutellum fuscous; elytra each
with a stripe bordering commissure and usually a subcostal line, blackish,
cuneus pale, its tip fuscous; membrane fuscous-hyaline; legs pale, hind
tibiae fuscous to black, joint 3 and claws of tarsi fuscous; ventrals pale,
a broad fuscous stripe each side. Vertex depressed, basal carina promi-
nent. Pronotum subconvex, slightly declivent, hind lobe transversely
strigose. Mesoscutum exposed. Elytra surpassing abdomen by three-
fifths the length of membrane. Length, 4 — 4.6 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., July 7 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Described from
Indiana. Recorded from New England, New York and Mis-
souri. Occurs in July and August on black locust and its range
probably coextensive with that of its host plant.

942 (1179%). Orthotylus cruciatus Van Duzee, 1916b, 119.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Color as in key, sparsely clothed with
short pale hairs; head black, shining, vertex usually with dot near each
eye and often a basal spot paler; pronotum with calli and submarginal
stripes black; mesoscutum fulvous; elytra whitish with dark markings
as in key; legs pale brownish-yellow, femora paler at base, tips of tarsi
black; under surface pale with a broad black stripe each side and on
genital. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae fuscous-black, 1 slightly longer than
head, 2 four times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 brown or dusky yellow, united
three-fourths the length of 2, 3 twice as long as 4. Vertex feebly de-
pressed, its basal carina low. Eyes very large, much wider than
vertex. Pronotum long, nearly flat; calli large, feebly elevated. Cuneus
narrow, acute, twice as long as its basal width. Tip of abdomen reach-
ing base of cuneus, male, nearly to its middle, female. Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

Wyandanch, Long Island, N. Y., June 20 (Olsen). Ashland,
Mass., May 2 (Frost). Known elsewhere only from Quebec
and New England. Host plant as yet unrecorded. "Readily
known by the black lateral margins of pronotum and conspicu-
ous cruciate black markings on elytra." (/ '</// Dusee).

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 863

943 (1177). Orthotylus marginatus (Uhler), 1895, 43.

Black, sparsely clothed with pale appressed hairs; costal margin of
elytra, legs and middle of ventrals pale greenish-yellow; female with pale
color of elytra sometimes encroaching upon the base of claval suture and
veins of corium; cuneus yellowish, its inner angle fuscous; membrane
blackish, veins pale at apex; legs pale greenish, tibiae and tarsi with tips
darker; ventrals, except along middle, black. Antennae black, reaching
cuneus, joint 1 stouter than 2, longer than head; 2 as long as clavus; 3
and 4 more slender, 3 one-half as long as 2, twice as long as 4. Beak
reaching tips of middle coxa?. Vertex but little flattened, its carina sharp
and high. Pronotum three-fifths as long as wide at base, sides distinctly
sinuate; calli large, prominent, not united in front; basal half of disk
finely transversely rugose. Apex of abdomen reaching middle of cuneus,
male, nearly to its tip, female. Length, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Quinze Lake, Quebec, and Hamburg, N. Y., June 14 — Aug.
15 ( Van Duzee) . Described from Colorado. Not recorded else-
where.

944 ( — ). Orthotylus serus Van Duzee, 1921, 131.

Closely allied to marginatus. Differs by characters given in key and
by having the pale costal stripe on elytra broader, its inner margin
straight in both sexes; cuneus dull yellow, inner half largely fuscous;
membrane pale fuscous with pale spot near apex of cuneus, its veins
wholly dark. Vertex distinctly flattened, its basal carina obtuse. Prono-
tum with front of calli connected by an elevated line ; basal half of disk
finely transversely strigose. Beak reaching middle of hind coxa?. Length,
6 mm.

Salamanca, N. Y., July 24 ( / 'an Duzee) . Batavia, N. Y., July
5 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded elsewhere only from Hamburg,
Gowanda and Golden, N. Y. Host plants as in key.

945 (— ). Orthotylus alni Knight, 1923, 521.

Black; narrow line along side margins of eyes, narrow median stripe
on basal half of pronotum, stripe bordering radial vein to beyond middle
of corium and spot at base of cuneus, dull yellowish-translucent; mem-
brane and veins uniformly dark fuscous ; legs dark green, knees, tarsi
and tips of tibiae blackish. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? black, 3 and 4 fus-
cous; 1 as long as width of vertex plus one eye, 2 three times as long
as 1,3 two-fifths the length of 2, twice as long as 4. Female with cuneus
and base of embolium more broadly translucent. Length, 5.6 — 6 mm.

Beaver Bay, Minn., Aug. 20 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded
only from Eastport, Me., and New York. Host plant as in key.

946 (1179%). Orthotylus ornatus Van Duzee, 1916b, 122.

Male — Elongate, sides subparallel, rather robust. Fuscous-black,
rather thickly and very finely pubescent; cheeks, base of vertex, narrow
side margins of pronotum, tip of scutellum, cuneus and basal half of
corium, dull yellow; membrane pale fuscous, veins and spot on apical half

864 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

paler; legs dull yellow, the tarsi and hind femora darker; under surface
dark brown, the genital region paler. Antennae fuscous-brown, apex of
joint 2 darker; joint 1 as long as head, 2 three and a half times longer
than 1, 3 and 4 united about two-thirds the length of 2. Eyes very large,
coarsely granulated. Pronotum relatively broad, calli large, rather low,
hind lobe moderately convex, distinctly shagreened. Elytra broad, sur-
passing abdomen by one-half the length of membrane. Female — Color as
in key, the broad side margins and median line of pronotum and basal
half of both corium and clavus dull greenish-yellow. Membrane sur-
passing abdomen by only one-fourth its length. Length, 5.6 — 6 mm.

Honeoye Falls, N. Y., June 27 (Davis and Gerhard) . Recorded
only from Connecticut and New York, occurring on brittle-wil-
low. "The large size and maculated membrane will distinguish
this species. It has somewhat the aspect of Lopidea cuneata Van
D. or of a Plagiognathus." ( I 'an Dusee) .

947 (1175%). Orthotylus modestus Van Duzee, 1916b, 109.

Female — Elongate-oval. Pale green to yellowish, deeper green along
the claval suture; upper surface with gray pubescence; head tinged with
fulvous, a brown dot at base of tylus; pronotum with a lunate brown or
fuscous spot behind each callus, these often united to form a transverse
stripe, the hind margin with a broader fuscous bar; mesoscutum fulvous;
clavus, except at base and apex, and a large spot on inner apical angle of
corium fuscous; membrane fuscous, veins pale, their base darker; legs
and under surface pale tinged with greenish, tips of tarsi dark. Male —
Sides subparallel, color mostly black. Joint 1 of antenna? black, 2 brown,
paler at base, 3 and 4 fuscous. Pronotum with sides nearly straight, sur-
face transversely rugose; calli low, ill defined. Abdomen passing tip of
cuneus. Tibial spines longer than in allied species. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Batavia, N. Y., July 19 (Minn Univ. Coll.). Known only from
New York and Pennsylvania, where it breeds on willow. A
variety immaculatus Knight, uniformly green with only the
membrane fuscous, is known from New York and Ottawa,
Ontario.

948 (1176). Orthotylus dorsalis (Provancher), 1872, 104.

Male — Elongate, subparallel. General color black, median line of
pronotum often paler; cuneus, embolium, base and a ray along radial
vein of corium, greenish-translucent; membrane fuscous, veins paler;
legs green, coxae paler. Female — More suboval. Pale green to greenish-
yellow with pale and dark markings as in key, under surface in both
sexes with a black stripe along sides. Antennae black, male, tinged with
fuscous, female; joint 1 as long as head, 2 three and one-half times as
long as 1, 3 three-fifths the length of 2, 4 one-half as long as 3. Vertex
but slightly broader than eye, male, nearly twice as broad, female.
Pronotum much narrowed in front, its length two-thirds its basal width,
sides distinctly sinuate, disk vaguely transversely rugose; calli large,
oval, prominent, connected in front, well separated by a depressed area

SUBFAMILY III. — ORTHOTYLIN^E. 865

behind middle. Tip of abdomen reaching apex of cuneus. Length,
5 — 5.5 mm.

White Plains, N. Y., June 29 (Olsen) . Ranges from Quebec
and New England west to New York. Host plant, willow.

949 ( — ). Orthotylus neglectus Knight, 1923, 515.

Male — Elongate, subparallel. Fuscous-black, sparsely clothed with
very fine prostrate yellowish hairs; narrow side margins of pronotum,
cuneus, embolium, outer margin of basal two-thirds of corium, legs, beak
and middle of under surface greenish-yellow; sides of under surface
shining brown ; tips of beak and tarsi fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae red-
dish-brown, nearly as long as head ; 2 greenish-yellow, more than three
times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 tinged with fuscous, united three-fourths the
length of 2. Pronotum with sides feebly but visibly sinuate; calli broad
and low, united in front, separated by a median depression behind; disk
transversely rugose. Elytra long, narrow, with sides parallel, but
slightly surpassing tip of abdomen. Female — More robust and more
broadly pale, the pronotum and scutellum with median line pale. Length,
5.2—5.8 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 12 ; beaten from black willow, Salix
nigra Marsh. Port Credit, Ontario, July 1 (Olsen). Known
heretofore from Nova Scotia, New England and New York.
Very close to dorsalis and may prove to be only a color variety
of that species.

XL Noctuocoris Knight, 1923, 523.

Differs from Orthotylus mainly by the characters given in
generic key. Upper surface clothed with appressed scale-like
hairs intermixed with more erect slender ones ; head distinctly
oblique, female, much less so, male ; pronotum moderately slop-
ing, almost flat, sides nearly straight, calli convex, delimited
behind by an impressed line which merges with an impression
between them ; ventrals 1 — 6 each with an impressed glabrous
spot on sides near spiracles ; legs long, suggesting Phytocoris,
but femora not distinctly broader at base.

950 (1178%). Noctuocoris fumidus (Van Duzee), 1916b, 127.

Elongate, subparallel, male, slightly larger and more robust, female.
Color a uniform fuscous-brown; head, apex of pronotum and base of
legs often tinged with rufous ; tip of scutellum pale ; membrane fuscous,
nerves of the small cell pale; front face of femora with an interrupted
fuscous line; upper margin and posterior face with a row of small dark
spots; sterna fuscous, sides of ventrals with a black stripe. Joint 1 of
antennae brown, as long as width of vertex; 2 brownish-yellow, fuscous
at tip, three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 three-fifths as long as

866 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

2, 4 one-third the length of 3. Front of head vaguely transversely striate.
Mesoscutum narrowly exposed. Abdomen reaching- tip of cuneus. Length,
5.7 — 6 mm.

St. Anthony Park, Minn., and Brookings, S. Dak., June 25
(Minn. Univ. Coll.). A species apparently of northern distribu-
tion, ranging from New York and Pennsylvania west to the
Dakotas and Colorado. Taken mainly at light in July and
August. Host plant unknown.

Subfamily IV. BRYOCORIN/E Douglas & Scott, 1865, 28, 276.

Small oval or oblong-oval, shining species having the head
short, inserted in thorax to eyes, its front vertical or nearly so,
vertex without a basal margin ; antennae slender, filiform, near-
ly as long as body, separated at base by a distance less than
width of vertex ; pronotum trapezoidal or subcampanulate, con-
stricted at apical third, usually without a collar, disk punc-
tate, hind portion convex, often strongly so ; scutellum small,
triangular, much shorter than the commissure ; elytra usually
entire, clavus strongly deflexed toward corium, membrane one-
celled ; hind femora short, not swollen ; tibia? without spines.
Other characters as in subfamily key, p. 663.

Our species are few in number, but often abundant in in-
dividuals. They occur, for the most part, on ferns growing in
wet places (whence the subfamily name) or on herbage in
dense woodland. Representatives of six North American gen-
era are known from the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GEXERA OF BRYOCORIX.B.

(i. Form shorter, ovate or subovate; sides of elytra more or less curved.
b. Pronotum without a distinct collar, its hind lobe convex, sometimes
strongly so.
c. Scutellum with a triangular discal impression; pronotum densely,
finely punctate.

d. Basal joint of antennae scarcely three-fifths as long as width of

vertex, inserted close to apex of eye; head and pronotum dull
red ; elytra not flecked with pubescent spots.

I. Halticotoma, p. 867.

dd. Basal joint of antenna? as long as width of vertex, inserted above

and behind apex of eye; head and pronotum black; elytra

flecked with pubescent spots. II. Cyrtocapsus, p. 867.

cc. Scutellum without a triangular discal impression ; pronotum

coarsely and densely punctate; elytra without pubescent spots.

e. Hind lobe of pronotum strongly convex and usually with a deep

median impression; embolium broadly flattened, its width as
great as that of hind femora. III. Pycnoderes, p. 868.

SUBFAMILY IV. — BRYOCORIN^E. 867

ee. Hind lobe of pronotum moderately convex, without a median im-
pression; embolium linear, somewhat thickened.

IV. Sixenotus, p. 871.
66. Pronotum with a distinct collar, its hind portion but moderately
convex, sparsely punctate; basal antennal shorter than width of
vertex. V. Monalocoris, p. 874.

aa. Form elongate-oblong; sides of elytra parallel or nearly so; second
joint of antennae not longer than width of head across eyes; prono-
tum with a distinct collar. VI. Sysinas, p. 875.

I. Halticotoma Reuter, 1913a, 278.

Small oval, thinly pubescent species having the head broader
across eyes than long ; eyes sessile, adjacent to and overlapping
front angles of pronotum, vertex very wide ; pronotum trape-
zoidal, twice as wide at base as long at middle, hind angles
broadly rounded, hind margin subtruncate ; mesoscutum con-
cealed ; scutellum with sides elevated, the disk therefore with
a deep triangular concavity which is carinate along the middle ;
elytra entire, surpassing abdomen. One species is known.

951 (1073). Halticotoma valida Reuter, 1913a, 279.

Short, oval. Head, prontum, base of scutellum, sterna and legs dull
red or reddish-brown; elytra blue-black; membrane dusky-hyaline, veins
brown. Ventrals reddish at middle, piceous on sides. Antennas dark
brown, joint 1 three-fifths as long as width of vertex, 2 twice as long as
1. Length. 3 — 3.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 15 ; one specimen swept from flowers
of Adam's needle, Yucca filamentosa L. A southwestern species
abundant on Yucca in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, but not
before recorded east of the Mississippi.

II. Cyrtocapsus Reuter, 1876, 78.

Oblong-oval, pubescent species having the head as wide at
base as long, its front subvertical; tylus small, compressed,
longer than cheeks ; eyes large, oblong, widely separated ; beak
reaching middle coxae; pronotum with base two-thirds wider
than apex, disk moderately convex, sides sinuate, calli large,
low, with a deep depression between and behind them ; elytra
entire, subdepressed, corium much widened toward apex, em-
bolium rather wide and thick, cuneus as wide at base as long,
strongly deflexed ; membrane surpassing abdomen by more
than half its length. One species is known.

952 (1072). Cyrtocapsus caligineus (Stal), 1859a, 258.

Oblong-oval. Black, subopaque, thickly clothed with short yellow-
ish or grayish pubescence, which is condensed to form small spots on

868 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

elytra; corium often in great part brown, cuneus velvety-black; mem-
brane hyaline-white, fuscous at base, veins and cells blackish; legs whit-
ish-yellow, tibiae and beak tinged with yellow. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae
pale yellow, 1 one-tenth shorter than width of vertex; 2 one-half longer
than 1, slightly thickened toward apex; 3 and 4 fuscous-brown, 3 three-
fourths the length of 2, 4 slightly longer than 2. Pronotum as under
genus heading, its front portion declivent; disk thickly and evenly punc-
tate, and with a subbasal impression near each humeral angle. Meso-
scutum convex, narrowly exposed. Length, 2.7 — 3.1 mm.

Royal Palm Park, Hillsboro Canal and Dunedin, Fla., Nov.
18 — April 3 ; swept from low herbage and beaten from cedar
and moonvine along the borders of moist hammocks. Recorded
from Crescent City, Fla. ; also from California. A neotropical
species ranging south from Florida through the West Indies
and Mexico. The pubescence in specimens beaten from the
same plant varies in hue from golden-yellow to gray, the
holotype of var. aureopubescens Knight (1926c, 102) being based
upon a specimen in which it is of the former hue.

III. Pycnoderes Guerin, 1857, 168.

Small oval or oblong-oval species having the head, pronotum
and scutellum punctate, shining; elytra opaque, almost smooth;
head wider across eyes than apex of pronotum, front subver-
tical, vertex with a transverse impression, tylus prominent, de-
curved ; beak reaching between middle coxae; antennae slender,
about three-fourths the length of body, the length of joints
varying as to species, 3 and 4 more slender than the basal ones ;
pronotum as in generic key, its basal half strongly gibbous,
usually with a distinct median and shorter lateral impression ;
elytra with margin of embolium visibly curved ; cuneus almost
horizontal, its fracture scarcely evident. Seven of the nine*"
known North American species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF PYCNODERES.

a. Larger, length 3 or more mm.
b. Second antennal subequal in length to width of head across eyes ;
legs pale yellow, the apical third of hind femora alone darker;
veins of membrane not distinctly darker than the disk.

v'Y.iii Duzee (1917, 300) has recorded Pycnoderes in run- us (Dist.), a Guate-
malan and West Indian species, from the "S. St." The only mention of its occur-
rence in this country which I can find, and probably the one on which Van Duzee
based his record, is that of Uhler in his "Hemiptera of Grenada" (1894a, 193), where
be ays, after his notes of its occurrence in Grenada: "In the southern United States
it lives in midsummer on low herbs in open places on sandy beaches of streams." Dis-
t.nit s species is very close to, if not a synonym of, P. quadrimaculatus and Uhler, In
tiKikin^ tin- above statement, probably confused the two.

SUBFAMILY IV. — BRYOCORINiE. 869

c. Embolium with a distinct apical or subapical pale spot; costal mar-

gin of elytra feebly curved; pronotum thickly pubescent; length,
3.2 mm. 953. quadrimaculatus.

cc. Embolium with subapical pale spot very small or wanting; costal
margin of elytra strongly curved; pronotum with pubescence
scarcely evident; length, 3.5 — 4 mm. 954. dilatatus.

bb. Second antennal distinctly longer than width of head across eyes;
all the femora in part or wholly blackish-brown ; veins of mem-
brane dark brown or blackish.

d. Joint 2 of antennae wholly pale; tibia? pale brown; length, 3 — 3.8

mm. 955. convexicollis.

dd. Joint 2 of antenna? with apical half fuscous ; tibiae pale to yellow-
ish; length, 4 mm. 956. infuscatus.
«a. Smaller, length less than 3 mm.; second antennal shorter than width
of head across eyes.
e. Pronotal disk evenly arched without median sulcus; embolium with
pale spot only at apex. 957. balli.
ee. Pronotal disk bilobed by a median sulcus ; embolium with distinct
pale spot only at base.
/. Scutellum convex ; mesoscutum not exposed ; cell of membrane
without a pale spot. 958. medius.
//. Scutellum much flatter; mesoscutum exposed; cell of membrane
with a large clear spot on apical half near cuneus.

959. DRAKEI.

953 (1078). Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Guerin, 1857, 169.

Oblong-oval. Head dull yellow, vertex and front with three narrow
black lines ; pronotum and scutellum black, shining, rather thickly clothed
with fine prostrate grayish hairs; clavus and corium black, the latter
sometimes brown, both thinly covered with a bluish bloom; corium with
an elongate subbasal spot and a smaller apical or subapical one pale
yellow; cuneus and membrane pale translucent, the inner basal angles of
both darker. Antennae pale yellow, joint 1 slightly shorter than width of
vertex, about one-half the length of 2; 3 and 4 fuscous. Pronotum
shorter with hind portion more convex, its median groove deeper and
longer than in dilatatus; basal margin emarginate at middle. Embolium
narrower, and costal margin less rounded than in dilatatus. Length,
3—3.2 mm.

Phoenix, Ariz. (Gerhard). A neotropical species described
from Cuba recorded from Biscayne Bay, Fla., and ranging
southwest and south to Arizona, California, Mexico and the
West Indies. Recorded by Van Duzee (1917) from New Hamp-
shire and Massachusetts, but not included in Parshley's "Hem-
iptera of New England."

954 (1079). Pycnoderes dilatatus Reuter, 1909, 3.

Larger and more broadly oval than quadrimaculatus. Color much
the same, the apical pale spot of embolium very small or wanting; pubes-

870 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

cence of pronotum much less distinct, very fine or wanting; apical dark
portion of hind femora longer and a deeper black. Pronotum longer, the
gibbosity of hind lobe with sides more sloping and base more abruptly
declivent; basal margin straight. Costal margin distinctly more rounded
and less reflexed than in dilatatus; embolium wider, its upper surface
transversely rugose. Length, 3.5 — 4 mm.

Washington, D. C, June 19 — Nov. 2 (Davis and Gerhard).
Wilmington, N. Car., Aug. 16 (Brimley). Recorded only from
New Jersey, Maryland and District of Columbia.

955 ( — ). Pycnoderes convexicollis Blatchley, 1926, 166.

Male — Elongate-oval. Head in great part fuscous, cheeks and a
stripe each side of vertex dull yellow; pronotum and scutellum shining

black with a faint brassy tinge,
very sparsely pubescent with
fine prostrate hairs ; elytra
opaque with a bluish bloom cov-
ering most of the surface; cune-
us, a large oblong spot near base
of embolium and a smaller oval
one near its apex, pale yellow;
apical half of membrane dusky
yellow, its veins and a spot at
base dark brown ; femora dark
brown to blackish, paler at base,
Fig. 185. Male X 9. (Original). tibia? pale brown, yellowish to-

ward tips, coxae and tarsi yel-
lowish, claws fuscous; under surface black, sterna coarsely punctate,
ventrals shining, almost smooth, minutely pubescent. Joints 1 and 2 of
antennae pale yellow, 1 three-fourths as long as width of vertex, 2 nearly
three times as long as 1, 3 and 4 dusky, subequal in length, each about
as long as 2. Pronotum with sides and base subequal in length, calli
larger and much more prominent, median groove of basal half deeper
and lateral impressions better defined than in either of the preceding
species; hind margin almost straight, feebly notched at middle. Embolium
slightly narrower with margin less curved than in dilatatus and with
only a trace of the transverse rugae of that species; membrane surpass-
ing abdomen by two-thirds its length. Female — Shorter and more broad-
ly oval than male; color much the same. Gibbosity of pronotum higher,
with median groove distinctly deeper, the sides and base more abruptly
declivent and lateral impressions better defined. Elytra distinctly short-
er; embolium slightly wider and more reflexed, its margin more strongly
curved; membrane surpassing abdomen by less than one-third its length.
Length, male, 3.5—3.8 mm.; female, 3—3.2 mm. (Fig. 185).

Marion, Putnam, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., April 26 —
Sept. 19; swept in numbers from low herbage in dense upland
woods and in thickets along the banks of streams.

SUBFAMILY IV. — BRYOCORIN^. 871

956 ( — ). Pycnoderes infuscatus Knight, 1926c, 104.

Black; membrane fuscous-brown, veins and basal area paler; legs
pale to yellowish, femora and front coxae blackish, bases of femora pale.
Joint 1 of antenna? pale, one-eighth shorter than width of vertex, 2 two
and one-third times longer than 1. "Pronotum with disk more broadly-
gibbous than in dilatatus, the median line not so deeply impressed. Scutel-
lum with apex more flattened and base more sharply convex." Length,
4 mm.

Known only from the Black Mountains, N. Car.

957 ( — ). Pycnoderes balli Knight, 1926c, 104.

Black; cuneus pale yellowish translucent, narrowly black on basal
angle; membrane pale, veins and basal half of cell fuscous; legs pale,
hind femora blackish on apical two-fifths, tarsi and apical third of tibia?
yellowish. Antennae pale, joint 1 two-thirds as long as width of vertex,
2 nearly twice as long as 1. Embolium of nearly equal width through-
out, its outer edge thickened. Length, 2.5 mm.

Known only from Sanford, Fla., where it was taken April 9
— Aug. 30 by E. D. Ball. A var. obscuratus with antennae and
legs chiefly blackish was described by Knight (loc. cit.) from
Philadelphia, Pa.

958 ( — ). Pycnoderes medius Knight, 1926c, 105.

Punctuation, pubescence and coloration nearly as in dilatatus Reut.,
apical pale spot on embolium nearly obsolete; membrane and veins dis-
tinctly fuscous; legs pale, front coxae and apical half of femora fuscous
to blackish. Antennae pale, joint 4 fuscous. Length, 2.8 — 2.9 mm.

Described from Hollister, Mo. ; Clarksville, Tenn., and Leland,
Miss. "Allied to dilatatus, but differs in the smaller size, fus-
cous membrane and broader, more heavily gibbous bilobed
pronotal disk." (Knight).

959 ( — ). Pycnoderes drakei Knight, 1926c, 106.

Closely allied to medius. Head yellowish-brown, vertex, median line
on front and convex portion of tylus, blackish; embolium with large pale
spot on basal half; membrane uniformly dark fuscous, with clear spot as
in key. Embolium broader than in medius, its edge sharp. Length,
2.9 mm.

Described from a single female taken June 26 at Aberdeen,

Miss.

IV. Sixenotus Reuter, 1876, 77.

Short, oval, shining species having the head wider across
eyes than apex of pronotum, front subvertical, vertex wide,
with an oblong median impression ; beak reaching middle coxae ;

872 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

antennae pilose, three-fourths the length of body, joint 1 stout-
est, usually not reaching tip of tylus, 2 feebly thickened toward
apex, 3 and 4 more slender; pronotum with base more than
twice as wide as apex, sides feebly sinuate, calli very small, disk
behind them strongly convex, coarsely and densely punctate,
hind margin with sides rounded, middle sinuate; scutellum
small, partly concealed by pronotum, punctate at base, smooth-
er toward apex ; elytra entire, impunctate, somewhat scabrous,
costal margin feebly broadly curved, cuneus declivent. Six
species are known from the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF SIXEXOTUS.

a. Femora not wholly black; elytra usually finely and indistinctly pubes-
cent.
b. Cuneus white, embolium pale yellow; basal joint of antennae slightly
longer than width of vertex; length, 2.4 — 2.6 mm.

960. GRACILIS.
bb. Cuneus and embolium black; basal joint of antennae distinctly
shorter than width of vertex.
c. Antennae and legs wholly milky-white, tarsal claws alone darker.

961. ALBICORNIS.
cc. Antennae in part black or fuscous, sometimes wholly so.

d. Membrane not abbreviated ; legs dull yellow, more or less tinged
with fuscous, middle and hind tibiae with two vague brownish
rings. 962. insignis.

dd. Membrane abbreviated, extending beyond cuneus only for a space
equal to its length; legs wholly pale yellow. 963. brevis.

aa. Femora wholly black, trochanters and tarsi pale; elytra coarsely, dis-
tinctly pubescent.
e. Basal half or more of scutellum concealed ; pubescence brownish.

964. TENEBROSUS.

ee. Scutellum wholly exposed; pubescence whitish. 965. albohirtus.
960 (— ). Sixenotus gracilis Blatchley, 1926, 168.

Oblong-oval. Head, pronotum, scutellum and under surface black,
distinctly bronzed; joints 1 and 2 of antennae, embolium and legs yellow;
cuneus, membrane and dilated apex of embolium white; veins of mem-
brane and joints 3 and 4 of antennae fuscous-brown. Eyes larger and
vertex narrower than in the other species. Joint 1 of antennae relatively
stout, cylindrical, three-fifths the length of 2; 3 and 4 more slender, sub-
equal, each slightly longer than 2. Pronotum with basal lobe narrower,
more convex, more finely and densely punctate than in the others, the
basal margin broadly rounded or subtruncate. Elytra and ventrals
sparsely clothed with minute golden yellow hairs. Length, 2.4 — 2.6 mm.

Ft. Myers and Hillsboro Canal, Fla., March 4 — 24. The type
was sifted from the debris on the mucky bottom of an extinct

SUBFAMILY IV. — BRYOCORIN^E. 873

wet weather pond at Ft. Myers. Easily known by its small
size and pale embolium and cuneus.

961 ( — ). Sixenotus albicornis Blatchley, 1926, 167.

Closely allied to insignis. Form more elongate, sides more sub-
parallel. Head, pronotum and scutellum shining black, devoid of the
faint subaeneous tinge of insignis; elytra piceous-brown, opaque, sub-
translueent; membrane with apical half nearly white, cells dark fuscous,
veins almost black; under surface shining black; antenna? and legs wholly
milky white or a very pale yellow. Joint 1 of antennas reaching apical
fourth of tylus, 2 twice as long as 1, 3 two-thirds as long as 2, 4 nearly
twice the length of 3. Pronotum longer and more narrowed in front than
in insignis, its disk more distinctly obliquely strigose with rows of punc-
tures between the strigae, the punctures coarser and less dense than in
insignis. Length, 3.3 — 3.5 mm.

Palmdale, Moore Haven, R. P. Park and Dunedin, Fla., Nov
19— April 23 (W.S.B.). Everglade, Fla., April 11 (Davis).
Mobile, Ala., Sept. 8 (Gerhard). Frequent about Dunedin, hiber-
nating beneath boards and between basal leaves of sedges, and
in spring swept from herbage along the margins of wet ham-
mocks. Taken also at porch light and on flowers of holly.

962 (1074). Sixenotus insignis Reuter, 1876, 78.

Oblong-oval. Head, pronotum, scutellum and under surface shining
black with a tinge of bronze; elytra black, opaque, minutely and very
sparsely pubescent; membrane with apical half pale, cells and veins fus-
cous ; legs as in key, tips of tarsi fuscous ; antennae pale yellow, extreme
base of joint 1 and the outer joints dusky. Clavus and cuneus finely
scabrous; corium smooth, feebly translucent toward apex. Length,
3.3 — 3.5 mm.

Plummer's Island, Md., Aug. 29 (Gerhard). Texas (Davis).
Recorded from seven stations in Florida by Barber, but these
records probably refer, at least in part, to albicornis. Ranges
from New England and New York southwest in the coastwise
states to Texas. Recorded also from Colorado and Arizona.
It ocurs in the north on skunk cabbage, Spathyema faetida (L.).

963 ( — ). Sixenotus brevis Knight, 1926c, 107.

Black; clothed with erect pale yellowish pubescence; membrane pale
fuscous, veins black. Antennae black, finely pale pubescent, joint 1 less
than half as long as width of vertex, 2 twice the length of 1. Pronotum
with front half strongly flattened, sides sinuate. Length, 2.3 mm.

Known only from Hattiesburg, Miss. "Distinguished from
tencbrosus by the flatter and more elongate pronotum, broadly
exposed scutellum, abbreviated membrane and pale yellowish
legs." (Knight).

874 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

964 (1075). Sixenotus tenebrosus (Distant), 1893, 441.

Oblong-oval, male, more broadly oval, female. Head, pronotum,
scutellum and under surface black, strongly shining, with a faint bronze
lustre; elytra brownish-black, subopaque, rather thickly clothed with
conspicuous subprostrate yellowish hairs; membrane pale to fuscous-
brown, the cells and veins darker; legs fuscous-brown to black, the coxae,
tarsi and sometimes the tibiae dull yellow. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dark
brown to black, 1 scarcely one-half as long as width of vertex, 2 twice
as long as 1, 3 and 4 fuscous-brown, each slightly longer than 2. Length,
2.8—3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Oct. 25 — April 6. Swept from herbage about
the margin of ponds (W.S.B.). Rock Creek, D. C, June 26
(Gerhard). Described from Guatemala. Recorded in this coun-
try from Clearwater, Bellaire and La Belle, Fla., Maryland and
Kansas.

965 ( — ). Sixenotus albohirtus Knight, 1926c, 107.

More elongate than tenebrosus. Black, thinly clothed with prominent
suberect white pubescent hairs ; membrane dark fuscous, slightly paler
at middle, veins black, finely pubescent; legs as in aa. of key. Joints 1
and 2 of antennae dark brown to black, 1 one-half as long as width of
vertex, 2 almost twice the length of 1, 3 two-thirds as long as 2. Prono-
tum more elongate and not so wide as in tenebrosus. Length, 2.6 — 2.8 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Oct. 26 ; swept from a low huckleberry. De-
scribed from Sanford, Fla., and not recorded elsewhere.

V. MONALOCORIS Dahlbom, 1850, 209.

Small oval brownish species having the head wider across
eyes than long; beak reaching hind coxae; antenna? about two-
thirds as long as body, the outer joints more slender than the
basal ones; pronotum short, trapezoidal, one and a half times
as broad at base as long; disk convex, with calli and collar dis-
tinct ; elytra entire, passing tip of abdomen, clavus deflected
to corium, cuneus short, triangular, feebly deflexed, the outer
edge incurved so as to appear notched at base ; hind tarsi with
joint 3 longest, 1 and 2 subequal. One widely distributed
species is known.

966 (1082). Monalocoris filicis (Linnaeus), 1758, 443.

Oblong-oval, male, more broadly oval, female. Pale brownish-ye.low
to dark brown, sparsely clothed with fine prostrate yellow hairs; clavus
usually somewhat darker than corium; membrane pale translucent with
a faint dusky tinge, the veins and cells slightly darker; legs and beak
yellow. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae yellow, the tip of 2 piceous; 1 about
three-fourths as long as width of vertex, 2 feebly thickened toward tip,
two and a half times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 filiform, piceous, the base

SUBFAMILY IV. — BRYOCORINjE. 875

of 3 paler, united one-third longer than 2. Head smooth, polished.
Pronotum finely, rather sparsely, somewhat unevenly punctate; scutellum
and clavus finely transversely wrinkled. Length, 2.3 — 2.7 mm.

Porter and Marion counties, Ind., Aug. 22 — Sept. 12. Istok-
poga, R. P. Park, Ft. Myers and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 17 — April
14 (W.S.B.). Hessville and Mineral Springs, Ind., July 24 —
Sept. 4 (Gerhard). Scarce in Indiana. Frequent at R. P. Park
and Dunedin, Fla., on Pteridium aquilinum (L.) and other ferns
in and about the margins of moist dense hammocks. A Euro-
pean species ranging in this country from Quebec and New
England west to Wisconsin and British Columbia and south to
Florida, Texas and Mexico. As the specific name indicates,
it occurs mainly on ferns, though often swept from other
vegetation about the margins of ponds, and in Florida hiber-
nating beneath boards and piles of weed debris in moist places.
The color varies to some extent, northern specimens being
darker brown than those from the south, with the basal angles
of pronotum pale.

VI. Sysinas Distant, 1883, 248.

Elongate-oblong, shining species having the head broad at
base, narrowed in front, inserted in thorax to eyes, vertex
declivent behind ; beak but slightly surpassing front coxse; joint
1 of antennae reaching or slightly passing tip of tylus, 2 sub-
equal in length to width of head, 3 and 4 more slender; prono-
tum subcampanulate, base about three-fourths wider than
apex, sides sinuate near middle, calli prominent, convex, obli-
que, basal lobe convex, finely and densely punctate, its hind
margin broadly rounded ; scutellum flat, rugose, its base with a
median triangular impression ; elytra entire, slightly surpass-
ing abdomen, sides parallel. One species has been recorded
from the eastern states.

967 (1083). Sysinas linearis Distant, 1883, 248.

Elongate-oval. Head yellow, base of tylus and median stripe on
vertex piceous; pronotum with collar and hind lobe orange-red, calli
yellow, percurrent median line blackish; scutellum and elytra dull black;
membrane fuscous-brown, its tip paler; coxa? and femora yellow, the
apical halves of latter blackish above; tibia? and tarsi fuscous-brown.
Antenna? with joint 1 black; 2 piceous, paler at base; 3 and 4 fuscous.
Eyes prominent, sessile, projected their full length beyond sides of collar
of pronotum. Scutellum and elytra, except membrane, finely and densely
rugose-punctate, each puncture bearing a minute grayish-yellow ap-
pressed hair; costal margin narrowly reflexed. Length, 5.5 — 6 mm.

876 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

Sea Cliff, N. Y. (Banks). Perhaps adventive, as it was de-
scribed from Mexico and is not recorded elsewhere.

Subfamily V. CLIVINEMIN^ Reuter, 1876, 62.

Elongate-oval species having the head, pronotum and
scutellum thickly clothed with matted pubescence; lorae very
narrow ; pronotum trapezoidal, its apical half without a collar,
but hood-like as described in subfamily key, p. 663, its sides,
in our species, carinate their full length ; elytra entire, mem-
brane two-celled, the smaller cell narrow; legs short, stout,
tibiae beset with numerous close-set hairs, without spines or
setae, arolia wanting. The subfamily is represented in North
America by but two genera, one in the eastern states.

I. Largidea Van Duzee, 1912a, 480.

Head short, nearly vertical ; vertex without a basal carina ;
beak slightly passing middle coxae; pronotum coarsely and
densely punctured, one-half wider at base than long, base near-
ly twice as wide as apex, its margin broadly rounded above base
of scutellum; elytra finely, shallowly punctate; basal joint of
tarsi nearly as long as the others united, widened and flattened
beneath (pi. X, fig. 27). Five species are known, four occur-
ring in the western states, the other in our territory.

968 (1089%). Largidea davisi Knight, 1917b, 7.

Elongate-oval. Color a nearly uniform dark red, thickly clothed
with fine prostrate gray hairs; head and transverse groove of pronotum
blackish; membrane pale dusky brown, the veins darker; sterna and sides
of abdomen tinged with blackish. Antennae with joints 1 and 2 robust, 1
darker and stouter than the others, only about two-fifths as long as width
of vertex; 2 as long as width of head across eyes, almost linear, male,
strongly thickened toward apex, female; 3 and 4 very short, subequal in
length, each slightly longer than 1, 4 much thinner than the others.
Calli outlined or bordered in front and behind by impressed lines which
merge and extend downward on sides to the coxal cleft. Length,
6 — 6.3 mm.

Promised Land, Long Island, N. Y., Sept. 24 (Davis). Re-
corded only from that, the type station, and from Hyannis
Port, Mass. Occurs on pine.

Subfamily VI. CYLAPIN^E Poppius, 1909, 1.

This subfamily, as characterized in the key, p. 663, comprises
species of variable form and size in which the pronotum is
constricted to form a distinct apical collar or with a flattened

SUBFAMILY VI. — CYLAPIN^. 877

anterior margin resembling a collar; legs long and very slen-
der, arolia wanting. Representatives of four genera of the sub-
family have been recorded from the eastern states.

KEY TO GEXERA OF SUBFAMILY CYLAPIN^.

a. Membrane not pilose above and beneath.
6. Antennae long and slender, much longer than body; head short,
vertical ; vertex with a deep longitudinal impression ; sides of
pronotum not margined. I. Cylapus, p. 877.

66. Antennae not longer than the body; head declivent; vertex without
a median impression; sides of pronotum margined, at least on
basal half.
c. Form elongate ; costal margins subparallel ; sides of pronotum con-
cavely arcuate; tarsi, as in other Mirids, 3-jointed.

II. Fulvius, p. 878.

cc. Form broadly oval; costal margins strongly curved; sides of

pronotum not concavely arcuate; tarsi abnormal, only 2-jointed.

III. Peritropis, p. 880.
aa. Membrane very finely pilose both above and beneath ; form oblong-
oval; entire upper surface of body pilose.

IV. BOTHYNOTUS, p. 881.

I. Cylapus Say, 1832, 26; I, 347.

In addition to characters above given, this genus has the
eyes very large, protuberant, oblique ; antennae inserted above
the base of tylus by a distance equal to length of tylus, their
basal joint thickened, fusiform, the others filiform ; pronotum
with collar very narrow, calli short, not reaching the middle
of disk ; basal joint of tarsi as long as the others united. One
species occurs in our territory.

969 (1090). Cylapus tenuicornis Say, 1832, 26; I, 347.

Elongate-oval. Dark brown, subopaque; lower front of head, a spot
behind apical angles and median carina on basal half of pronotum, a spot
each side of base and tip of scutellum, an oblique submarginal ray near
middle of corium, apex of embolium and narrow inner margin of cuneus,
pale yellow; membrane dusky translucent, a bar across middle and apex
of cells paler, base of cells and veins darker; legs pale brown, apical
half of tibia? with one, of femora with two pale rings; gula, prosternum
and osteolar duct pale yellow; remainder of under surface dark chestnut
brown, shining, the ventrals thinly clothed with yellowish hairs. Joint
1 of antennae dark brown, paler at base, visibly curved, as long as width
of head across eyes ; 2 very slender, pale brown, extreme tip yellow, three
times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 more slender, pale to dark brown, 3 slightly
longer than 2, 4 one-half the length of 3. Pronotum with calli prominent,
minutely punctate, separated by a narrow deep groove; disk behind them
short, wide, subdepressed, densely punctate and with a low median carina.
Scutellum, clavus and corium finely and densely punctate. Length,
6 — 7 mm.

878 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

Richmond, N. Y., Aug. 4 (Paris). Described from Posey Co.,
Ind. The known range is from Ontario and New England west
to Indiana and south to Maryland. Occurs on fungus covered
logs and dead trees. Very rapid in its movements, difficult to
capture and scarce in collections.

II. FULVIUS Stal, 1862, 322.

Elongate or oblong, rather slender brownish species, hav-
ing the head porrect, subconical, longer than wide, its front
prolonged in front of eyes, horizontal or feebly declivent ; beak
reaching or surpassing third ventral ; pronotum sub-trape-
zoidal slightly narrower at base than long, calli large, reaching
middle of disk, separated by a short longitudinal groove, hind
angles prominent, prolonged backward, basal margin concave,
not covering mesoscutum; elytra usually entire and slightly
passing tip of abdomen, cuneus horizontal ; tibise and tarsi very
slender, the former without spines, the latter with basal joint
but little shorter than the others united. Three species have
been recorded from the eastern states. They occur usually on
fungous-covered dead trees or logs.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF FULVIl'S.

a. Second antennal in part or wholly pale.
b. Second antennal wholly pale yellowish; scutellum with a spot each
side of middle and apex pale. 970. brunneus.

bb. Second antennal with apical third or less pale; scutellum fuscous-
black or brown. 971. imbecilis.
aa. Second antennal wholly black. 972. atratus.

970 (1091). Fulvius brunneus (Provancher) , 1872, 104.

Oblong-oval. Head, pronotum, apical third of elytra, femora and
under surface dark chestnut-brown; basal two-thirds of elytra, beak,
tibia? and tarsi dull yellow; basal half or outer basal angle of cuneus pale
yellow. Joint 1 of antenna? one-half longer than width of head across
eyes, dark brown, its extreme apex pale, tinged with reddish; 2 more than
twice as long as 1, dull yellow; 3 and 4 fuscous-brown, united subequal in
length to 2. Pronotum about one-fourth narrower at base than long,
calli less prominent with impression between them more shallow than
in imbecilis, basal angles more prolonged backward than there. Elytra
slightly surpassing abdomen, male; a little shorter than abdomen with
cuneus and membrane very small and tips broadly rounded, female.
Length, 3.2—3.4 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., July 18 (W.S.B.). Willow Springs and
Pullman, 111., July 13 — Oct. 27 {Gerhard). Ranges from Quebec

SUBFAMILY VI. — CYLAPIN^E. 879

and New England west to the Pacific ; not recorded in the east
south of Maryland. Uhler, after the original description of his
Pamerocoris anthocoroides (1877, 425), a synonym of F. brunneus,
says : "This is the most interesting Heteropter which has as
yet been found in North America. While being an undoubted
Phytocorid (Mirid) in its details of higher group value it yet
presents the features and some of the characters of both the
Lygaeidae and Anthocoridae." He later states (1894, 247) that
it occurs in the West Indies, Central America and Mexico.

971 (1092). Fulvius imbecilis (Say), 1832, 25; I, 345.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Head, pronotum and scutellum dark
brown; elytra paler brown, a premedian oblique yellowish spot across
corium and a pale yellow calloused spot on basal half of cuneus; mem-
brane pale brownish-translucent, feebly iridescent; legs and under sur-
face in great part pale brownish; coxae, knees, middle of beak, tarsi, tips
of tibiae and base of ventrals, dull yellow. Joint 1 of antennae reddish-
brown, as long as head; 2 with basal two-thirds or more dark brown,
remainder pale yellow; 3 and 4 fuscous-brown. Pronotum much as in
brunneus, the calli more prominent, impression between them deeper,
hind angles less prolonged, basal margin more shallowly concave. Elytra
slightly surpassing abdomen, male, reaching its tip, female. Length,
4 — 4.5 mm.

Marion, Vigo, Knox and Lawrence counties, Ind., Aug. 6 —
Oct. 16 (W. S. B.) . Raleigh, N. Car., Sept. 11 (Brimley) . Taken
from dry fungi about the base of stumps; also in late autumn
from beneath logs and other cover in moist woodland. De-
scribed from Indiana. The known range extends from New
Jersey west to Michigan and Indiana and southwest to North
Carolina. Easily known from brunneus by the longer first an-
tennal, wholly dark scutellum and paler femora. The pale spot
on cuneus is often in part margined with red.

972 (1093). Fulvius atratus Distant, 1884, 282.

Elongate-oval. Black; basal third of corium with a transverse
whitish bar, terminating inwardly at middle of outer claval margin;
cuneus pale brownish-yellow, its tip and inner basal angle black; mem-
brane blackish, its apical half pale fuscous; femora brownish-yellow, their
bases piceous; tibiae pale fuscous, tarsi dull yellow. Joint 1 of antennae
dull brownish-yellow, its base piceous; 2 black, 3 and 4 fuscous. Length,
4 mm.

A neotropical species, described from Guatemala and taken
at Biscayne Bay, Fla., by Mrs. Slosson, that being the only
definite station record for this country.

880 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDJE.

III. Peritropis Uhler, 1891, 121.

Oval or subelliptical species having the head porrect, nar-
rowed and conical in front of eyes, vertex convex with an im-
pressed line on middle, tylus prominent, its base on a line with
that of antennas; beak reaching or surpassing fourth ventral;
antennas half the length of body, joint 1 stoutest, subequal in
length to width of vertex, 2 about as long as head and prono-
tum united, 3 and 4 short and slender, united about three-
fifths the length of 2 ; pronotum twice as wide at base as long,
almost flat, feebly declivent from the base forward, calli
rounded, convex, placed near middle of disk ; scutellum large,
equilateral ; mesoscutum convex, widely exposed ; elytra entire,
thick, opaque, cuneus small, its fracture feeble, embolium
broad, flattened, membrane large, uniformly fuscous ; legs
short, femora stout, compressed, subf usiform ; tibia? very
slender.

As pointed out by McAtee & Malloch (1924, 71) Peritropis is
an aberrant genus in that the tarsi are 2-jointed instead of 3-
jointed as in other Mirids. They regard it, therefore, as an
"annectant" or connecting link between the families Miridae
and Isometopidse. The absence of ocelli and the two closed cells
of membrane denote, however, that it is a true Mirid. Two of
the three known species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF PERITROPIS.

a. Hind margin of pronotum sinuate and with three small white tuber-
cles; corium fuscous with faint pale dots along the costal margin.

973. SALD^FORMIS.

an. Hind margin of pronotum almost straight, without tubercles; corium
blackish-brown flecked with numerous gray dots. 974. husseyi.

973 (1094). Peritropis sald^formis Uhler, 1891, 122.

Broadly ovate. Dark brown or blackish-fuscous, very sparsely
pubescent; head brownish-yellow, sides and vertex marked with fuscous;
joints 1 and 2 of antennae blackish-brown, 2 paler at base, 3 and 4 pale
brown ; pronotum brownish-yellow, an angular spot each side of calli
and a smaller one between them, blackish; side margins with small
black dots, hind one with three small white tubercles; elytra blackish-
brown, embolium dull brownish-yellow, costal margin with small white
dots, cuneus with base and inner margin pale; membrane pale fuscous;
legs blackish, base and tips of femora pale; tibiae with two testaceous
rings. Structural characters as under genus heading. Length, 2.7 — 3 mm.

Recorded from Maryland, District of Columbia, northern
Illinois and Texas. Occurs on dead branches of trees.

SUBFAMILY VI. — CYLAPIN^E. 881

974 ( — ). Peritropis husseyi Knight, 1923c, 50.

Rather broadly oval. Fuscous-brown or blackish thickly mottled
above with small pale dots, these in places confluent to form small pale
spots; scutellum black, the apical fourth and a few scattered dots pale;
cuneus black with a few pale dots near base; membrane fuscous, the
veins slightly darker; under surface and legs brownish-black, the former
sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs, middle and hind tibiae paler toward
tips; joints 1 and 2 of antennae dark brown to black, 2 with a small sub-
median pale spot above, 3 and 4 slender, black. Beak reaching middle
of sixth ventral. Pronotum with sides straight and converging from
base to apex, their margins feebly reflexed; calli small, rounded, sepa-
rated by a shallow median groove; hind margin broadly concave. Meso-
scutum widely exposed, elevated above base of scutellum. Elytra con-
jointly oval, costal margins broadly curved, narrowly reflexed on basal
half, disk with pale dots each bearing a very minute yellowish hair,
these visible only when viewed from the side. Length, 3 — 3.2 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., July 30; one example taken from a pile of
cord-wood in dense woodland. Recorded only from near Ann
Arbor, Mich., and Tuskeegee, Ala. The Indiana specimen has
three minute white calloused spots, not tubercles, on the hind
margin of pronotum. The Michigan types were taken by
Hussey from beneath loose bark of white oak logs. This Mirid
is distinct from all others at hand by the combination of
conical head, flat, regularly trapezoidal pronotum, long beak
and very numerous pale dots on a dark background.

IV. Bothynotus Fieber, 1864, 76.

Oblong-oval pubescent species having the head wider
across eyes than long, strongly constricted just behind eyes
into a short neck, its front vertical, strongly flattened ; tylus
convex, its base separated from the front ; eyes prominent, not
contiguous with pronotum ; joints 1 and 2 of antennae stout, of
equal thickness, densely pilose, 3 and 4 abruptly much more
slender, also pilose; beak reaching middle coxae; pronotum
trapezoidal, declivent forward, disk hairy, twice as wide at base
as long, deeply, closely punctate ; calli smooth, confluent at
middle, forming a smooth, shining arc ; mesoscutum concealed ;
scutellum triangular, minutely transversely wrinkled, deeply
impressed at base, a median carina on apical half ; elytra some-
times dimorphic, in male, surpassing abdomen, rugose, hairy,
cuneus and membrane much deflected ; in female sometimes
reaching only to fourth dorsal, the membrane absent ; legs
pilose, hind femora slender, not reaching tip of abdomen; joint
1 of tarsi longest, 2 shortest, claws toothed at base, without
arolia. One species is known from our territory.

882 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

975 (976V2). Bothynotus modestus (Wirtner) , 1917, 34.

Male — Oblong. Fuscous-brown, thickly clothed with short inclined
blackish hairs; head, neck and collar dull red; tylus, calli and scutellum
piceous; membrane dusky, iridescent, a whitish spot beneath tip of
cuneus; legs brownish-yellow; ventrals reddish-brown, their side mar-
gins blackish. Joint 1 of antennae rufous, swollen, slightly longer than
width of vertex; 2 cylindrical, rufous at base, piceous toward apex,
four-fifths as long as basal width of pronotum; 3 yellowish, 4 dusky,
the two united one-fifth shorter than 2. Elytra minutely punctate; mem-
brane longer than basal width of pronotum, rugose, very finely pubes-
cent, both above and below, apex of large cell broadly rounded. Female
— Oval. Above and beneath black or piceous, strongly shining; legs
black or piceous, tibia? sometimes dull yellow. Joints 1 and 2 of an-
tenna? black or piceous-black; 1 as long as width of vertex, 2 distinctly
thickened toward apex, one-fourth shorter than in male. Membrane,
brachypterous form, three-fourths as long as basal width of pronotum,
slightly passing tip of abdomen. Length, male, 4 — 5 mm.; brachypter-
ous female, 3.8 — 4.2 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 23 — April 16; two females beaten from
dense bunches of Spanish moss (W.S.B.). Greensburg, Pa.,
Aug. 16 — Sept. 18 (Wirtner). Described from there and re-
corded elsewhere only from Illinois. When compared with
specimens of the European B. pilosus (Boh.), received from
W. E. China, I found the latter to have joints 1 and 2 of an-
tennae more sparsely and finely pilose and distinctly shorter, 1
being only three-fifths as long as width of vertex, 2 cylindrical
in both sexes, about three-fifths as long as basal width of pro-
notum, 3 and 4 united as long as 2 ; female with elytra reach-
ing fourth dorsal, membrane absent; legs, except tarsi, red-
dish-yellow in both sexes. The two species are, in my opinion,
very distinct.

Subfamily VII. DER/EOCORIN^E Van Duzee, 1915, 114.

Oval or oblong-oval, robust, shining Mirids of medium size
having the head small, as wide or wider across eyes than apex
of pronotum, its front usually vertical or nearly so ; eyes large,
prominent ; antennae generally shorter than body, the third and
fourth joints usually more slender than the basal ones ; prono-
tum trapezoidal and with a distinct but narrow collar: scutel-
lum large, flat, equilateral ; elytra entire, coriaceous, subde-
pressed, usually surpassing the abdomen, cuneus horizontal or
feebly deflexed, its fracture weak ; membrane 2-celled ; claws
usually cleft at base, arolia very slender, bristle-like, pseud-
arolia absent.

SUBFAMILY VII. — DER^EOCORIN^E. 883

The subfamily is represented in the eastern states by five of
the seven known North American genera.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SUBFAMILY DER.EOCORIX-iE.

a. Vertex transversely striate and with a longitudinal sulcus; joint 2
of hind tarsi much shorter than either 1 or 3.

b. Antennas linear, of nearly equal thickness throughout, joint 2

scarcely enlarged at apex, 3 and 4 linear. I. Eustictus, p. 883.
bb. Joint 2 of antenna? clavate, 3 and 4 short and thick, fusiform.

II. Diplozona, p. 887.
aa. Vertex more or less polished, scarcely striate or sulcate; joints 1
and 2 of hind tarsi subequal.

c. Head strongly produced and nearly horizontal, surpassing apex of

first antennal; second antennal thick, nearly linear, longer than
the other three united; upper surface covered with stiff erect
hairs; embolium thin, broadly expanded, sides nearly parallel.

III. EURYCHILOPTERELLA, p. 887.

cc. Head less produced, scarcely surpassing middle of first antennal;

upper surface either pubescent or subglabrous ; embolium not as

above.

d. Pronotum distinctly margined; first antennal surpassing tip of

tylus by less than half its length; hind margin of eyes nearly

in contact with pronotal collar; scutellum punctate.

IV. Camptobrochis, p. 888.
dd. Pronotum not margined; first antennal surpassing tip of tylus
by more than half its length; eyes sloping forward away from
collar; scutellum impunctate (except in D. ruber Linn.).

V. Der^eocoris, p. 892.

I. Eustictus Reuter, 1909, 35.

Elongate- or oblong-oval, shining, subglabrous species hav-
ing the head one-half the width of base of pronotum, its front
vertical, transversely strigose, vertex without basal carina ;
eyes of male usually much larger than those of female; beak
reaching first ventral ; antennae as in b of key ; pronotum one-
half or more wider at base than apex, sides straight, basal half
convex, declivent forward, shallowly and sparsely punctate,
hind margin broadly rounded, calli large, rather low, oblique,
occupying most of the apical two-fifths of disk ; elytra entire,
reaching tip of abdomen, cuneus feebly reflexed, as wide or
wider at base than long ; legs long, hind femora slender, reach-
ing tip of abdomen, female, slightly surpassing tip, male.
Other characters as in key. Six species have been recorded
from the eastern states. They have in the past been mostly
recorded under the generic names Megacoelum Fieb. and Cimatlan
Dist.

884 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF EUSTICTUS.
a. Hind tibiae with long pilose hairs or seta? on basal half, these dis-
tinctly longer than true spines.

b. Pronotal disk uniform brownish-black; legs chiefly reddish-brown;

tibiae not banded with paler; length, 8 — 10 mm. 976. grossus.
66. Pronotal disk with front half blackish, hind one paler; legs pale
brownish-yellow with black markings; tibiae with four alternat-
ing pale and fuscous bands. 977. venatorius.
aa. Hind tibiae with only short and fine pubescence.

c. Pronotum chiefly black, lateral margins not pale; width of vertex

in male twice or more the thickness of first antennal.
(/. Coria with a piceous band across the tips; scutellum wholly black;
legs uniform reddish-brown. 978. mundus.

dd. Coria without a piceous band across the tips; scutellum black with
spot on basal angles and median stripe on apical half pale; legs
more or less spotted with pale. 979. necopinus.

cc. Pronotum with median portion black, sides broadly pale; width of
vertex in male usually but little more than thickness of first
antennal.
d. Smaller, length, 5.5 — 6 mm.; joint 4 of antennae shorter than joint
1. 980. CATULUS.

dd. Larger, length, 7 — 7.5 mm.; fourth joint of antennae as long as or
longer than joint 1. 981. salicicola.

976 (1054). Eustictus GROSSUSSi,a (Uhler), 1887b, 70.

Head, elytra, antennae and legs pale reddish- or yellowish-brown;
pronotum and scutellum blackish-brown ; inner apical angles of coriuni
and cuneus piceous, outer one of corium tinged with reddish; membrane
dusky translucent, cells and veins darker; under surface pale brownish-
yellow, genital region darker; tibiae and basal joints of beak usually in
part reddish, tarsi dull yellow. Joint 1 of antennae stout, narrowed at
base, about as long as pronotum, beset with numerous long black setae,
similar to those on legs; 2 more slender, cylindrical, two and a half times
as long as 1 ; 3 dull yellow, darker at base, two-fifths the length of 2 ; 4
fuscous, its tip paler, three-fourths as long as 3. Pronotum one-third
wider at base than long, sides feebly sinuate, their pale edges narrowly
reflexed; calli larger, united at middle, disk behind them transversely
rugose, finely scabrous, indistinctly punctate. Elytra with a row of
punctures each side of radial veins, otherwise smooth. Femora and tibiae
all with numerous long erect blackish hairs. Length, 8 — 10 mm.

Posey Co., Ind., Sept. 21. Miami, R. P. Park, Lake Okeechobee
and Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 4 — March 20. Beaten from foliage of
shrubs along the margins of hammocks. Previously recorded
from Crescent City and Biscayne Bay, Fla. Ranges from New
England and New York west to southern Indiana and south-
west to Florida and Texas. Uhler mentions it as "moderately
common on pine bushes in Maryland and Massachusetts in
July."

S!'a China (Ms.) states that, in his opinion, /•.'. qrossus is the same as Capsus
ftlicornis Walker (1st::. 96), which Van Iiuzee. following Distant, lists as a Creon-
i nub s. if so Walker's name has priority.

SUBFAMILY VII. — DERvEOCORIN^E. 885

977 (1050). Eustictus venatorius Van Duzee, 1912a, 479.

Dull brownish-yellow, the upper surface, head, femora and middle
and hind tibiae sparsely clothed with long, suberect brownish hairs; ver-
tex, apical two-thirds of pronotum, scutellum in part, inner apical angle
of corium and tips of embolium and cuneus, fuscous-black or brown ;
basal third of pronotum, clavus and apical halves of femora more or less
necked with fuscous ; a spot each side of base and tip of scutellum and
the greater part of cuneus pale yellow; membrane fuscous, its veins
and cells darker; under surface dull yellow, the genital region darker.
Joint 1 of antenna? dai'k brown, as long as head; 2 yellow, or brown,
thickly dotted with fuscous or yellow, more than twice the length of 1;
3 pale yellow, its base with fuscous dots, subequal in length to 1 ; 4 dark
brown, two-thirds as long as 3. Eyes of male very large, narrowly sep-
arated above. Pronotum rather finely, irregularly and shallowly punc-
tate. Length, 6.5 — 8.2 mm.

Cape Sable, Fla., Feb. 23 ; beaten from foliage along a path-
way of a dense hammock. (W.S.B.). Lakeland, Fla., May 6
(Dazis) . Recorded also from Key West and Crescent City,
Fla. Known elsewhere only from New York. Van Duzee's
types, from Hamburg and Gowanda, N. Y., "were beaten from
hickory trees over which they were prowling, apparently in
search of prey."

978 (1052). Eustictus mundus (Uhler), 1887b, 71.

Head, elytra and under surface pale brownish-yellow, in part often
heavily tinged with red; eyes, pronotum and scutellum black; embolium
pale translucent yellow, its apex red and black; inner basai angles and
margins of cuneus and a narrow curved bar across apex of corium
piceous; membrane dusky translucent, its veins darker; beak and legs
pale yellow, more or less tinged with red ; genital segments darker.
Eyes of male very large, not contiguous to pronotum. Antenna? with
joints of same relative length as in grossus, 1 — 3 dull red, faintly dotted
with fuscous, 4 brown, its tip red. Pronotum thickly, rugosely, rather
coarsely and shallowly punctate, its collar and very narrow margins
reddish-yellow. Scutellum minutely transversely strigose, the disk with
a large shallow median impression. Outer margin of clavus and inner
one of corium each with two regular rows of fine punctures, elytra other-
wise almost smooth. Length, 5.3 — 6 mm.

Dunedin and Kissimmee, Fla., March 21 — June 11; swept
from flowers of the coast germander, Teucrium littorale Bick., and
taken at porch light. Recorded only from Enterprise and Cres-
cent City, Fla., and eastern Georgia.

979 ( — ). Eustictus necopinus Knight, 1923, 481.

Pronotum brownish-black, disk with collar, narrow margins and a
few small scattered spots, paler, sometimes, var. discretus Knight, wholly

886 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

dark; color of scutellum as in key; elytra pale translucent, irregularly
marked with dark fuscous; cuneus yellowish sub-hyaline, apical half
and inner basal angle blackish; membrane pale, veins and side margins
in part brownish to fuscous; legs brownish-black, femora paler at base
and spotted apically, tibia? with pale spots; ventrals dull yellow spotted
with reddish. Joint 1 of antenna? pale with black markings, three-
fourths as long as width of head across eyes; 2 brownish-black almost
three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 black, 3 one-half as long as 2, 4 four-
fifths the length of 3. Length, 5.6 — 7 mm.

Recorded only from Ontario and New York, the var. discretus
from Connecticut. Occurs on aspen.

980 (1051). Eustictus catulus (Uhler) , 1894, 257.

Dull brownish- or grayish-yellow, clothed with gray pubescence;
pronotum with a large subquadrate black spot on apical half, and
vaguely spotted with black near base; scutellum shining black, a yellow
spot each side at base, tip whitish; corium with small scattered brown
spots, a larger blackish one on inner apical angle; cuneus ivory-yellow,
its tip and margins black; membrane pale dusky-hyaline, veins and ap-
ical half darker; connexivum reddish, incisures blackish; legs dull yel-
low, vaguely spotted with brown ; coxa? and sternum whitish ; ventrals
greenish-yellow, freckled with red, side margins with a broad black
stripe. Joint 1 of antenna? black, 2 — 4 piceous-brown, 2 as long as clavus,
3 slightly longer than 1, 4 three-fourths as long as 3, its tip acute.
Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Described from York Co., Pa., southern Texas and Cape St.
Lucas, Lower California. Occurs on pine.

981 ( — ). Eustictus salicicola Knight, 1923, 482.

Elongate, sides subparallel, male; suboval, female. Color of pro-
notum as in key; scutellum dark brown or black, basal angles pale;
elytra pale translucent, glabrous, clavus black each side of commissure,
corium with punctures, radius and a large spot on inner apical angle,
dark fuscous, outer edge of embolium often blackish; cuneus pale trans-
lucent, inner apical margin darker; membrane pale hyaline, cells dusky,
margins of apical half pale fuscous; legs dull yellow, apical half of
femora spotted with blackish ; tibia? each with four pale bands and nu-
merous dark spots ; ventrals pale greenish-yellow, spotted with reddish.
Joint 1 of antenna? pale, flecked with black spots, two-thirds as long as
width of head across eyes; 2 dark fuscous, extreme base paler, nearly
three times as long as 1 ; 3 blackish, paler apically, two-fifths as long as
2; 4 blackish, one-fifth shorter than 3. Length, 7 — 7.5 mm.

New Ulm and St. Paul, Minn., June 18 (.1//;///. Univ. Co//.). Re-
corded from Mississippi, Minnesota and North Dakota. Oc-
curs on bark of willow.

SUBFAMILY VII. — DER^OCORIN^E. 887

II. Diplozona Van Duzee, 1915, 112.

Short, oval, subglabrous, strongly punctate species having
the head nearly horizontal, slightly exserted ; vertex as in a
of generic key, without a basal carina; eyes large, prominent,
widely separated; beak reaching hind coxae; pronotum trape-
zoidal, sides feebly sinuate, narrowly margined, collar con-
spicuous, disk behind calli convex, strongly declivent, hind
angles obtusely rounded, basal margin broadly curved ; elytra
entire, cuneus feebly deflexed, membrane 2-celled, surpassing
abdomen by half its length. One species is known.

982 (1055). Diplozona collaris Van Duzee, 1915, 114.

Dull brownish-yellow, glabrous or nearly so; vertex with a vague
fuscous blotch enclosing a median pale spot; apical three-fourths of pro-
notum fuscous, with median line and a spot each side pale; collar and
basal fourth of pronotum dull yellow; scutellum blackish, its basal angles
and a short median apical stripe pale; clavus and apical half of corium
more or less clouded with fuscous ; embolium pale yellow, its outer edge
with minute fuscous punctures; cuneus hyaline, its tip and that of
embolium reddish-brown; membrane with apical third dusky, remainder
hyaline, veins darker; legs pale yellow, hind ones with apical third of
femora and two rings on tibia? and their tips, reddish-brown; under
surface dull yellow, a stripe on sides and genital plates darker. An-
tennae stout, half the length of body, joint 1 piceous-brown, as long as
width of body, 2 dull yellow, the clavate apex reddish; 3 and 4 fuscous-
brown, fusiform, their bases very narrow. Entire upper surface except
head and membrane, rather thickly, coarsely and evenly punctate.
Length, 4 — 5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Oct. 25 — April 23; taken both on Hog Island
and mainland by beating foliage of buttonwood, Conocarpus
erecta L., and sweeping herbage along the bay front; also at
porch light. Described from Punta Gorda and Estero, Fla., and
not recorded elsewhere. Easily known from all other mem-
bers of the subfamily by the peculiar structure of the antennae.

III. Eurychilopterella Reuter, 1909, 59.

Oblong-oval, convex, punctate species having the head por-
rect, front feebly declivent, eyes not contiguous with pronotum,
vertex with base margined; antennae with joint 1 not reaching
tip of tylus, 2 as in key, 3 and 4 united much shorter than 2;
pronotum trapezoidal, calli rather large, covering the apical
third, disk behind them convex, declivent, sides straight ; scu-
tellum subequal in length to commissure, convex; elytra en-
tire, surpassing tip of abdomen, cuneus nearly horizontal ; legs
short. One species is known.

888 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.E.

983 (1056). EURYCHILOPTKRELLA LURIDULA Reuter, 1909, 60.

Dull grayish- or greenish-yellow, very thickly clothed with suberect
yellowish hairs; front of head, calli and four oblong-oval spots on basal
half of pronotum, scutellum in great part, apical half or more of clavus,
inner apical third of corium and cuneus in great part, fuscous-black;
embolium and median line of scutellum pale dull yellow; membrane
dusky translucent, its veins darker; under surface blackish-brown, shin-
ing, gula and prosternum paler; legs greenish-yellow, tinged with fus-
cous. Beak brown, reaching first ventral. Antenna? half the length of
body, thickly pilose, joints 1 and 2 greenish-yellow, 1 about half as long
as width of vertex; 2 darker and visibly thickened toward apex, almost
four times as long as 1; 3 and 4 fuscous-brown, united two-thirds the
length of 2. Head as in c of key, the tylus and cheeks convex, promi-
nent. Pronotum two and one-half times as wide at base as apex, disk
behind calli convex, thickly, evenly and rather coarsely punctate. Scu-
tellum finely transversely rugose. Elytra, except membrane, very finely,
unevenly and shallowly punctate, each puncture bearing an inclined yel-
lowish hair. Length, 4.2 — 4.5 mm.

Chicago, 111., Sept. 12; taken from elm (Gerhard). Recorded
only from New York and District of Columbia, where it is said
to occur on yellow-wood, Cladrastis hi tea (Michx.) ; also on apple
trees and to be evidently predaceous.

IV. Camptobrochis1"' Fieber, 1858, 304.

Small oblong-oval, subconvex, shining species having the
upper surface glabrous ; eyes almost contiguous with pronotum ;
vertex carinate at base ; scutellum punctate ; tarsal claws
deeply cleft near base. Male with "left clasper tapering gradu-
ally to a point, therefore without a barb or hook at tip as in
the species of Derceocoris." The adults hibernate and are prob-
ably predaceous. Five species are known from the eastern
states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CAMPTOBROCHIS.

a. Upper surface not red and black.
/>. Cuneus infuscated or with blackish; membrane marked with fus-
cous.
c Membrane nearly clear, but with a small round submarginal fus-
cous spot each side on apical half; host plant, bur oak.

984. NEBUI.OSUS.

cc. Membrane with apical half infuscated, without distinct spots, but
paler near tip of cuneus; disk of pronotum often blackish be-
hind calli, the median line pale; femora piceous, apical half with
one or two pale rings; host plants, white and red pines.

985. NUBILUS.

aoKnighl icii'ii made this group a subgenus of Derceocoris. The characters used

by him in separating it as a subgenus air mainly those used in my generic key and
are more distinctive titan those separating many other genera of NUrid;?. I there
fore restore tin- old generic name.

SUBFAMILY VII. — DER^EOCORIN^. 889

bb. Cuneus red or stained with reddish; membrane hyaline or with
only a fuscous spot at apex or a point each side of middle.
d. Second antennal as long or longer than pronotum; membrane fus-
cous at apex; calli and scutellum in great part fuscous-black;
cuneus red; host plants, smooth alder and white pine.

986. PCECILUS.

dd. Second antennal shorter than pronotum ; membrane with two fus-
cous spots on apical half, sometimes with a brownish cloud be-
hind the spots. 987. ORNATUS.
aa. Upper surface bright red; clavus, two spots on pronotum and two
on corium, black. 988. histrio.

984 (1058). Camptobrochis nebulosus Uhler, 1872, 417.

Dull greenish-yellow, shining, glabrous; two stripes on head, calli
and middle of disk of pronotum behind them, scutellum in great part,
apical halves of clavus and corium, and apex of cuneus, black or heavily
tinged with blackish; basal angles and apex of scutellum, a small spot
each side of basal half of cuneus and the osteolar duct, calloused ivory-
white; membrane as in c of key; femora dark brown, the knees paler;
tibiae and tarsi dull yellow, the former with two brown rings ; propleura
dull yellow, coarsely punctate; ventrals shining black, sparsely and
minutely pubescent. Joint 1 of antennae dark brown, almost glabrous,
three-fourths as long as width of vertex, 2 brownish-yellow, sometimes
fuscous at base and apex, distinctly pubescent, one-fourth longer than
pronotum, male, about as long as pronotum, female; 3 and 4 more
slender, fuscous, subequal in length. Beak reaching between the middle
coxae. Pronotum one-half wider at base than long, sides straight, nar-
rowly margined ; calli large, minutely punctate, remainder of disk
coarsely and unevenly punctate, hind margin sinuate. Scutellum nearly
flat, its middle third sparsely punctate. Elytra, except membrane,
coarsely and rather sparsely punctate. Tarsal claws and arolia as in
pi. X, 29. Length, 3.5—4.2 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, March 20 — Sept. 11. Istok-
poga, Fla., March 30. Recorded heretofore definitely only
from Monticello, that State. In Indiana and elsewhere in the
North it hibernates as imago beneath bark, bunches of dead
leaves and other cover. In summer it has been swept from
flowers of Jersey tea and foliage of various weeds and, es-
pecially in early autumn, often flies to light, four of the speci-
mens at hand having been taken from my desk while at work
at night. Ranges from Quebec and New England west to the
Pacific and southwest to Florida, Texas and Arizona.

985 ( — ). Camptobrochis nubilus (Knight), 1921, 106.

Dull greenish- or grayish-yellow, glabrous or nearly so; vertex with
two curved stripes and tylus with two lines black; collum and calli shin-
ing black, the latter in female with front margin and a wedge-shaped
spot between their front halves yellow; disk of pronotum behind calli with

890 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

or without fuscous blotches; scutellum brown, the side margins and tip
yellow; narrow edges of embolium and commissure blackish; tibiae green-
ish-yellow with two rings and tips darker; coxae pale, tarsi fuscous; ven-
trals shining blackish-brown, finely and sparsely pubescent. Antennae
dark brown, middle of joint 2 paler; joint 1 nearly three-fourths as long
as width of vertex; 2 almost four times as long as 1, male, three times
as long, female; 3 and 4 subequal, each one-third the length of 2. Prono-
tum two-thirds wider at base than long, sides and basal margin slightly
sinuate, disk finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra, including cuneus,
similarly punctate; scutellum more coarsely and sparsely so. Length,
4.2—4.8 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., Feb. 13 (Davis). Ranges from Newfoundland
and New England west to Minnesota and Nebraska and south-
west to North Carolina; hibernating beneath bark and other
cover. Probably predaceous on the pine bark aphid, Chermes
pinicorticis (Fitch) .

986 (1060a). Camptobrochis pcecilus McAtee, 1919c, 246.

Pale brownish-yellow, shining, glabrous; head with two stripes on
vertex, bent behind at right angles and reaching eyes, piceous; tylus
with two narrower similar stripes; pronotum with front margin of calli
and wedge-shaped projection between them, collar, very narrow median
line of hind lobe and edge of hind margin, yellowish; scutellum with side
margins of basal half and apex ivory-white; corium with two spots on
apical third dark brown; cuneus bright red, yellowish at base, the mar-
gins of apical half brown; membrane as in key; femora with basal two-
thirds shining brown, apical third and knees paler; tibiae dull yellow
with two rings and apical fourth brown; tips of beak and tarsi fuscous.
Antennae dark brown, middle third of joint 2 often yellow; joint 1 as
long as width of vertex, 2 three and a fourth times longer than 1, 3 one-
third the length of 2, 4 slightly longer than 3. Pronotum two-thirds
wider at base than long, rather coarsely, evenly, not densely punctate.
Scutellum more coarsely and closely punctate. Clavus coarsely, corium
more finely and sparsely punctate. Length, 4.2 — 5 mm.

Swannanoa and Fair Bluff, N. Car., July — Sept. (Brimley).
Ranges from New England west to Illinois and southwest to
North and South Carolina. Described by Reuter (1909, 59) as
C amptobrochis validus cunealis, but his varietal name was preoccu-
pied. McAtee found the adults hibernating beneath bark of
birch, sycamore and maple, near Great Falls, Va. He collected
the nymphs in August from Alnus rugosa.

987 ( — ). Camptobrochis ornatus (Knight), 1921, 99.

Head reddish-brown; cheeks, lorae, tip of tylus and two impressed
spots on vertex, piceous; pronotum grayish-testaceous, punctate with fus-
cous, margins and vague median line of disk paler, calli black, their mar-
gins reddish-brown; scutellum reddish-brown to piceous, apex and side

SUBFAMILY VII. — DER^lOCORINvE. 891

margins ivory-white; mesoscutum black, narrowly or not at all exposed;
elytra grayish-yellow subtranslucent, narrow area each side of com-
missure, spot on middle and narrow apical margin of corium, piceous;
cuneus reddish-translucent, outer margin yellowish, narrowly piceous on
apical half of inner margin; membrane as in key; femora reddish-brown,
basal half piceous; tibiae dull yellow, two rings and apical fourth red-
dish or piceous; sternum fuscous, opaque; ventrals dai'k red to piceous,
shining. Joint 1 of antennae reddish-brown, darker apically, one-third as
long as width of head across eyes; 2 brown, vaguely reddish at middle,
slightly shorter than length of pronotum; 3 and 4 dark brown with pale
pubescence, subequal in length, each as long as width of vertex. Beak
reaching between middle coxae. Length, 4.5 — 4.8 mm.

Bigelow, Mo., Aug. 28 (Barber). Recorded from Illinois,
Missouri, Nebraska and South Dakota.

988 (1063). Camptobrochis histrio (Reuter), 1876, 75.

Head, two large spots on pronotum, basal two-thirds of clavus, a
triangle at base and a large round spot each side on apical third of
corium and tip of cuneus shining black; basal carina of vertex and collar
yellow; membrane dusky, translucent, the cells and veins darker; remain-
der of upper surface bright red or greenish-yellow strongly tinged with
red ; legs and under surface black, shining, tibiae each with two pale
rings, tarsi and beak fuscous-brown. Joint 1 of antennae black, sub-
glabrous, as long as width of vertex; 2 — 4 fuscous-brown to blackish, dis-
tinctly pubescent; 2 thickened toward apex, nearly three times as long
as 1 ; 4 slightly longer than 3, the two united four-fifths as long as 2.
Pronotum two-thirds wider at base than long, sides nearly straight,
strongly converging from the base; apex three-fifths as wide as base; disk
convex, coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, humeral angles obtusely
rounded, basal margin feebly sinuate. Scutellum coarsely, sparsely
punctate. Elytra evenly, rather thickly and coarsely punctate. Length,
4.6— 5.2. mm.

Occurs throughout Indiana but apparently scarce. Found
throughout the year. Two specimens were taken in Vigo Co.,
Feb. 23, 1893, from beneath the close fitting bark of a black
oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) log which lay on the side of a high
sandy hill near the Wabash River. Eight others were taken
Oct- 13, 1899, from beneath the bark of a gray pine, Pinus di-
varicata (Ait.) on the top of a high sand dune near Millers, Lake
Co., Ind. It is therefore seen to be gregarious while hibernat-
ing. In summer it has been taken singly or in pairs in Marion
and Knox counties, by sweeping along the margins of ponds
and marshes. Ranges from New York west to Minnesota, Mon-
tana and California. Not recorded in the east south of Mary-
land except by Reuter from 'Texas and Carolina." That author
founded for histrio (loc. cit.) the genus Callicapsus which he

892 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID;£.

afterward (1909, 58) merged with Camptobrochis. It was re-
tained by Van Duzee as a subgenus of Canptobrochis.

V. DER^EOCORIS Kirschbaum, 1855, 191, 208.

Oval or oblong-oval, rather robust, usually subglabrous
species, having the head short, broader than long, subporrect,
wider across eyes than apex of pronotum, vertex margined be-
hind ; eyes large, widely separated ; beak reaching upon or
slightly passing middle coxae, rarely (grandis) reaching second
ventral ; antennae inserted slightly above the lower margin of
eyes, almost half the length of body, the joints variable in
length as to species ; pronotum trapezoidal, collar narrow but
distinct, disk rather coarsely punctate, wider at base than
long, sides usually straight, calli oval, smooth, shining; scu-
tellum triangular, nearly equilateral ; elytra entire, surpassing
tip of abdomen, usually more elongate in males, cuneus rather
strongly deflexed, fracture deep ; legs rather long, hind femora
moderately swollen, tibiae beset with prominent hairs, the
middle and hind ones usually also with one or two rows of
spines. The genus is a very large one and has a world-wide
distribution. Knight in his monograph (1921) stated that in
the genus Deraocoris, as recognized by him, there now belong
146 species and 62 varieties. Of these (exclusive of the genus
Camptobrochis, as above separated), 44 species and 20 varieties
occur in North America, 31 species and 18 varieties having been
described by him as new in the paper cited. Of them he says:

"I have been able to associate with definite host plants all but two
of the known eastern species as well as certain of those found in the
southwestern states. In several instances this relation appears to be
more dependent on the predaceous habits of the bugs which feed largely
on the aphids or plant lice found on particular hosts, rather than the
sap from the plant. In fact I have not detected a single case where the
bugs have fed on the foliage of a plant and produced the characteristic
leaf -bug injury which is always to be seen on plants infested by true
leaf-feeders. The general scarcity of these insects as compared with
leaf-feeding species is only another indication of their predatory habits,
for predaceous forms never attain great abundance except sporadically
in favored spots."

Our eastern species of Deraocoris, as here limited, are sep-
arated into four groups as follows :

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF OER.EOCORIS.

a. Scutellum punctate; tarsal claws deeply cleft near base (pi. X, fig.
30). Group A, p. 893.

SUBFAMILY VII. — DER^OCORIN^. 893

aa. Scutellum impunctate.

b. Tarsal claws deeply cleft near base.
c. Upper surface practically glabrous, at most only sparsely and
finely pubescent; hind tibiae with a row of spines or heavily chi-
tinized hairs on the front face; form elongate-oval.

Group B, p. 894.

cc. Upper surface heavily pubescent or hairy, at least with long hairs

near the front angles of pronotum; hind tibiae without distinct

spines on the front face, usually rather closely set with long

prominent hairs. Group C, p. 901.

bb. Tarsal claws not or very slightly cleft (pi. X, fig. 28).

Group D, p. 902.

Group A. — Der^eocoris.

This group is represented in this country only by the Euro-
pean species Derceocoris ruber (Linn.) and four color varieties as
recognized by Knight. These he separated as follows :

KEY TO SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF GROUP A, DER^OCORIS.

a. Head except tylus, pronotum, scutellum and elytra except apex of
cuneus, reddish. 989. ruber.

aa. Elytra or pronotum, or both, more or less blackish.
b. Elytra reddish, pronotal disk black or largely blackish.

989a. var. bicolor.
bb. Elytra and pz-onotum more or less blackish.

c. Pronotal disk largely, scutellum, corium and embolium, except

apically, reddish. 989b. var. danicus.

cc. Pronotum, scutellum, elytra except narrowly at base of corium

and embolium, black.

d. Cuneus reddish on the basal half. 989c. var. segusinus.

dd. Cuneus entirely black. 989d. var. concolor.

989 (1071). DERCEOCORIS ruber (Linnaeus) , 1758, 446.

Rather broadly oval; glabrous, shining. Head dull yellow, tinged
with reddish, tylus brown or black; pronotum, scutelum, clavus and
corium straw-yellow, usually in part or wholly heavily tinged with red-
dish; embolium and outer margin of cuneus pale translucent yellow;
cuneus bright red, its tip black; membrane fuscous, a large spot opposite
tip of cuneus paler; legs dull reddish-yellow, femora, except apical fourth,
piceous, tarsi fuscous; ventrals and meso- and metasterna shining pice-
ous-black, their sides and prosternum reddish-yellow. Joint 1 of anten-
nae piceous, nearly as long as head; 2 three times as long as 1, piceous,
paler at middle, distinctly stouter toward apex, the clavate portion thick-
ly beset with inclined blackish bristle-like hairs ; 3 yellowish, dusky at
tip, two-fifths as long as 2 ; 4 dusky brown, one-half the length of 3.
Pronotum two and two-third times wider at base than apex, sides
straight, hind angles broadly rounded, basal margin sinuate; disk con-
vex, rather sparsely, finely and irregularly punctate. Scutellum sparsely
and finely punctate. Corium rather finely, closely and shallowly punc-

894 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

tate, clavus more coarsely and rugosely so; costal margins parallel on
basal two-thirds, thence feebly rounded to apex. Tarsal claws and
arolia as in pi. X, fig. 30. Length, 7.2 — 8 mm.

Brooklyn, N. Y., July 14, on rose (Paris). An introduced
European species recorded in this country only from Massa-
chusetts, Connecticut, New York and Pennsylvania. As far as
known it is predaceous in habits, without definite host plant.
Douglas & Scott (1865, 442) mention it as: "Common every-
where in the London district on nettles and bramble flowers in
July and August."

The form above described is that of typical ruber. Of the
varieties Knight (1921, 194) says: "All the varieties of ruber
are merely melanic color forms, each particular color phase be-
ing an index to the conditions of environment under which the
bug developed." Probably the best marked one is var. segusinus
Muller (1766, 191), which Davis found at Staten Island, N. Y..
July 10, on red raspberry.

Group B. — Der^eocoris.

Elongate-oval, glabrous robust species with the width less
than one-half the length ; ground color generally dull grayish-
yellow, marked with fuscous punctures or blotches ; scutellum
smooth ; hind tibiae spinose in front ; tarsal claws deeply cleft
near base. This group comprises nine species and two color
varieties from the eastern states. All but two of the species
have been described since the Van Duzee Catalogue was issued.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF GROUP B, DER.EOCORIS.

a. Tibia? banded or spotted with fuscous-brown or pale, rarely (bore-

alis) wholly dark without distinct bands.

b. Membrane with a large rounded fuscous spot on apical half, this

frequently united at base with a fuscous streak which extends

down from between the cells, thus leaving a large pale spot each

side of middle and bordering apex of cuneus.

c. Calli usually solid black with a broad piceous ray behind each, in

pale specimens somewhat brownish with the rays behind them

dark brown or wanting, the pronotal disk then with a narrow

median line and margins pale; clavus and corium in part piceous,

embolium pale; host plant, alders. 990. borealis.

cc. Calli more or less brownish or pale without distinct rays behind

them; elyti'a and pronotum more uniformly colored, either

brownish-yellow or dark brown; host plants, apple, pear and

Crataegus. 991. FASCIOLUS.

bb. Membrane usually somewhat infuscated, but without spot and

streak as in b.

SUBFAMILY VII. — DER/EOCORIN^. 895

d. Beak reaching onto second ventral; membrane feebly or not at all

inf uscated ; femora pale with two blackish bands on apical third ;

basal half of hind tibiae with two fuscous bands ; host plant,

hickory. 992. GRANDIS.

dd. Beak reaching between hind coxa?; membrane, femora and hind

tibiae without the combination of markings mentioned in d.

e. Femora either wholly or with apical half uniformly dark; ven-

trals either shining reddish or dark chestnut brown; host

plants, yellow birch and mountain maple. 993. betul^e.

ee. Femora with apical half distinctly banded or wholly pale.

/. Second antennal sparsely beset with suberect hairs which are
three times as long as the thickness of the segment; pronotal
disk with margins and median line pale, calli and a broad
ray behind each of them black; vertex with a pale impressed
spot each side next to eye; host plant, hoary alder.

994. ALNICOLA.

//. Second antennal without long hairs; pronotal disk pale brownish-
yellow or fuscous without distinct rays behind the calli ;
corium with a spot at middle and outer apical angle fuscous;
host plant, elm. 995. aphidiphagus.

aa. Tibiae uniformly pale or yellowish.

g. Apical third of hind femora with two brown or fuscous bands; calli
with apical half pale or brownish and without distinct dark rays
behind them; elytra nearly uniformly brownish-yellow or dark
brown; membrane with a round brownish spot on apical half;
host plants, beech and apple. 991a. fasciolus var. castus.

gg. Apical third of hind femora with but one fuscous band; apical half
of membrane pale or tinged with dusky but without a round fus-
cous spot.
h. Upper surface dull greenish-yellow to brownish, often marked with
fuscous or blackish, but never wholly dark brown or black; calli
pale margined with black or wholly black.
i. Calli with only the margins black; upper surface rich brownish
to fusco-brownish, shining; host plant, elm. 996. nitenatuS.
it. Calli wholly black, rarely (var. pollens) with only the margins
black.
j. Upper surface fuscous to blackish; pronotum and scutellum
usually with a pale median line; corium without distinct fus-
cous spots; host plant, white oak. 997. quercicola.
jj. Upper surface pale brownish-yellow; corium with three small
vague rounded fuscous or brownish spots, one at base, one
at middle, the third on outer apical angle; host plant, bur oak.

997a. var. pallens.

hh. Upper surface, including calli and scutellum, a nearly uniform

dark brown or black. 998. davisi.

990 ( — ). Der^eocoris borealis Van Duzee, 1920, 354.

Color variable, usually pale brownish-yellow, marked with piceous or
brownish ; head pale with two lines on front, base and tip of tylus, dorsal
margins of lorae and a spot beneath each eye, brown or blackish; prono-

896

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

turn and calli as in key; scutellum brownish-yellow with piceous stripe
each side, margins and tip of median line paler; elytra glabrous, shining,
base of clavus and large spot on disk of corium piceous, embolium pale;
cuneus pale translucent, its apex fuscous; membrane as in b of key; legs
pale brownish-yellow, femora, especially the hind ones, darker toward tip;
ventrals blackish in male, paler in female. Joint 1 of antennae black or
dark brown, slightly longer than width of vertex surpassing tylus by
half its length; 2 brown or blackish, often pale at middle, pubescent with
long pale hairs, three times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 brownish to black,
3 two-fifths the length of 2; 4 three-fourths as long as 3, male, one-half
as long, female. Beak reaching tips of middle coxae. Length, 6.4 — 7
mm. (Fig. 186, a).

Fig. 18ti. a, Derceocoris borealis Van D. X S ; b, Li/aus hirticulus Van D. X 10.
(After Drake, Tech. Publ. 16, X. Y. St. Coll. For.).

Quinz Lake, Quebec, Aug. 7 {Van Dusee). Ranges from Nova
Scotia and New England west to Wisconsin and south to New
Jersey. Occurs on alders in damp cool shaded places.

991 ( — ). DerjEOCOris fasciolus Knight, 1921, 123.

Brownish-yellow, marked with fuscous punctures; vertex with
brownish transverse markings, tylus with two dark stripes; calli bordered
behind with a transverse blackish line; scutellum either uniform dull
yellow or brownish-yellow with two darker stripes; apical two-thirds of
clavus and corium a somewhat darker brown than the remainder of
elytra; basal half of embolium yellow dotted with small fuscous punc-
tures, apical half darker; cuneus yellowish translucent, the tip brown;
membrane as in b of key; legs and sterna greenish-yellow, hind femora
with two brownish rings on apical third ; tibia? usually with two vague

SUBFAMILY VII. — DERiEOCORIN^E. 897

brownish rings on basal third ; ventrals pale brown with a reddish tinge.
Joint 1 of antennae subglabrous, dark brown, slightly longer than width
of vertex; 2 — 4 pubescent, 2 dark reddish-brown, paler at middle, nearly
three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 blackish-brown, 3 two-fifths as long as
2, 4 two-thirds the length of 3. Pronotum three-fifths wider at base
than long, sides nearly straight; disk narrowly margined, rather coarsely,
somewhat irregularly punctate, hind margin very slightly sinuate. Elytra
coarsely, evenly, rather sparsely punctate. Length, 6.3 — 6.5 mm.

Marion, Martin and Lawrence counties, Ind., June 3 — July
11; beaten from Crataegus. (W, S. B.) . Muskegon, Mich., and
Willow Springs, 111., June 27 — July 16 (Gerhard) . Ranges from
Quebec and New England west to North Dakota, British Colum-
bia and Oregon, the distribution being mainly north of latitude
40°. Knight found it at Batavia, N. Y., on apple trees closely
associated with the rosy apple aphid, Anuraphis roseus Baker.
"The white-wax-coated nymphs of the bug frequent the aphid-
curled leaves, feeding on the aphids and honey-dew excretions."

991a ( — ). Der^ocoris fasciolus castus Knight, 1921, 125.

Differs from typical fasciolus only in color, the upper surface being
a nearly uniform pale brownish-yellow, the tip of the cuneus alone usually
distinctly darker; vertex and tylus with fuscous markings as there; calli
wholly pale or in part suffused with brownish; embolium pale yellowish-
hyaline throughout; legs almost wholly pale yellow, the brown markings
of hind femora very small or wanting. Antennae yellow, base of joint 1,
apex of joint 2 and joints 3 and 4 more or less fuscous or dusky. Length,
6 — 6.5 mm.

Laporte and Marion counties, Ind., June 19 — July 25
(IV. S.B.). Holland, Mich., July 8 (Gerhard) . Staten Island, N.
Y., July 15 (Davis). The known range extends from Quebec
and Massachusetts west to Michigan and Indiana. Not recorded
south of New Jersey. Knight found it on beech at Ithaca, N.
Y., where "it was associated with and predaceous upon the
beech aphid, Phyllaphis fagi (L.), which rolls the leaves tightly
from the margin." Hussey records it as "common in July on
aphid-infested elms in the dune region of southwestern Michi-
gan."

992 (1070). Der^eocoris grandis (Uhler), 1887, 230.

Ground color above dark greenish- or brownish-yellow, with fuscous
punctures; head with a stripe each side of vertex, two lines on tylus, and
cheeks in part, dark brown. Pronotum with calli shining black, the area
behind them fuscous-brown, with a vague wide paler median stripe;
scutellum dark brown, the basal angles a narrow median line on apical
half and tip pale; outer apical third of corium clouded with fuscous;

898 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

embolium and cuneus yellowish translucent with fuscous punctures, their
tips darker; membrane a nearly uniform pale hyaline, the blackish color
of the dorsum beneath showing through; legs pale yellow, marked as in
key; ventrals dark chestnut-brown, shining, sparsely clothed with rather
long prostrate yellowish hairs. Antennae dull yellow, apex of joint 2 and
apical halves of 3 and 4 dusky; joint 1 slightly longer than width of
vertex; 2 very slender, slightly thickened and pubescent toward apex,
three and a third times longer than 1; 3 two-fifths as long as 2, one-third
longer than 4. Pronotum two and a half times as wide at base as apex,
disk, except calli, coarsely irregularly punctate, with sides rather strongly
declivent. Length, 6.5 — 7.2 mm.

Lake and Kosciusko counties, Ind., June 15 — July 12. The
known range extends from Ontario and New England west to
Illinois and south to Maryland. Distinguished principally by
the long beak. Knight's specimens were taken on young hickory
trees in July. He states (1921, 128) that Uhler: "In describ-
ing grandis had under observation at least four different species
and made allowance to cover all the forms which he took to be
merely variations. Nearly every species collected from the
United States that is larger than nebulosus has at one time or
another stood under the name grandis."

993 ( — ). Der^ocoris betul^e Knight, 1921, 129.

Ground color above ranging from brownish-yellow to fuscous-brown;
vertex with a large black spot, tylus and calli wholly shining black;
pronotum behind calli fuscous-black in darker forms, with only fuscous
punctures in the paler ones; scutellum black with basal angles paler, or
pale with two oblong brown spots ; corium in dark specimens rather
heavily tinged with fuscous; cuneus with inner margin and tip fuscous
to blackish; membrane in great part fuscous, paler on sides near tip of
cuneus; femora dark brown or black, the knees and extreme base pale;
tibia? yellow with two broad rings and apex dark brown ; ventrals of pale
specimens as in key, of dark ones shining blackish-brown, their sides
rather thickly pubescent; meso- and metasterna opaque black. Anten-
nae in dark specimens with joints 1 and 2 black, the base of 2 paler, 3 and
4 dusky brown ; in pale ones, 1 dark brown, 2 — 4 yellowish, pubescent, the
apex of 2 and 4 darker; joint 1 slightly longer than width of vertex, 2
three and a fourth times longer than 1, 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Beak
reaching apex of middle coxa?. Pronotum two-thirds wider at base than
long, sides straight, narrowly margined, disk rather coarsely, irregularly
punctate, more finely so near base; hind margin feebly sinuate. Elytra
rather coarsely, evenly, not densely punctate. Length, 6.8 — 7.5 mm.

Staten Island and Rossville, N. Y., June 9—20 (Davis).
Ithaca, N. Y., July 2 (Gerhard). Ranges from Maine west to
Pennsylvania and south to New Jersey. The types of Knight
were taken at Ithaca July 2, on a large yellow birch, Betula lutea

SUBFAMILY VII. — DER^OCORIN^E. 899

Michx., "mostly from among clusters of aphid-deformed
leaves."

994 ( — ). Der^eocoris alnicola Knight, 1921, 132.

General color brownish-yellow with fuscous punctures; scutellum
yellow with a broad brown stripe each side of middle; outer apical half
of corium usually tinged with fuscous-brown ; cuneus yellow, the tip
brown ; membrane dusky translucent, paler on sides ; legs pale yellow,
apical third of femora and two rings on all tibiae brown; under surface
as in betnla>. Antenna? with joint 2 yellow, darker toward tips, sparsely
beset with long erect hairs, three and one-half times longer than 1 ; 3 and
4 dusky, 4 three-fourths as long as 3. Length, 6.5 — 6.8 mm.

McLean Bogs, Tompkins Co., N. Y., July 3 (Gerhard). Re-
corded only from Ottawa, Ontario, Connecticut, and New York.
Taken only on Alnns incana (L.).

995 ( — ). Der^eocoris aphidiphagus Knight, 1921, 134.

Dull brownish-yellow, thickly marked with fuscous punctures; head
with a bar at base of vertex, some transverse lines each side of front
and two lines on tylus, brown or black; calli with basal three-fourths
shining black, apical fourth yellow; scutellum brown with narrow median
line and lateral stripes pale; corium usually with a dark brown blotch on
middle and another on outer apical angle; embolium and cuneus pale
translucent yellow marked with small brownish punctures, the tips brown-
ish; membrane dusky translucent, the veins darker; legs pale yellow,
apical third of middle and hind femora and basal halves of their tibia?
each with two brown rings; ventrals blackish-brown, shining. Antennae
dull yellow to fuscous-brown, joint 1 slightly shorter than width of ver-
tex, 2 three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 united three-fourths the length
of 2. Beak reaching between the middle coxa?. Pronotum nearly three-
fourths wider at base than long, sides and basal margin distinctly
sinuate, disk rather coarsely and unevenly punctate. Elytra more finely
and evenly punctate. Length, 6 — 6.3 mm.

Willow Springs, 111., and Twin Lake, Minn., June 29 — July 3
(Gerhard). Washington, D. C, June 26 (Davis). Ranges from
Nova Scotia, Ontario and New England west to the Dakotas and
Colorado and south to Virginia. Knight states that he has
found it "breeding only on elm and in the curled leaves infested
with the aphid, Schisoneura americana Riley."

996 (1070a). Der^eocoris nitenatus Knight, 1921, 141.

Head yellow with oblique transverse marks on vertex and two lines
on tylus brown; pronotum with collar, calli and median line pale yellow,
remainder dull yellow, more or less blotched with patches of blackish-
brown punctures, the calli each with a curved brown dash; scutellum
yellow, usually with two vague brown stripes; corium in great part dark
brown, clavus and embolium, except toward their tips, paler; cuneus yel-
low, the tip brown; membrane yellowish-hyaline, the veins and apical

900 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

third of cells darker; legs pale yellow, hind femora often with a vague
ring: near apex; under surface pale to dull yellow, the sides with a row of
fuscous spots. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? yellow, the apex of 2 and all of
'■', and 4 pale fuscous-brown; joint 1 slightly longer than width of vertex,
2 three times as long as 1, 3 and 4 united, one-sixth shorter than 2. Beak
reaching apex of middle coxae. Pronotum two and a half times wider
at base than apex, sides straight, disk finely, sparsely, irregularly punc-
tate. Clavus and corium rather finely, evenly and sparsely punctate.
Length, 5.7 — 6 mm.

St. Anthony Park, Minn., August 5 (Gerhard). Staten Island,
N. Y., August 3 (Paris). Ranges from Quebec and New Eng-
land west to North Dakota and Colorado and southwest to
North Carolina. Predaceous on Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.),
the aphid which forms the rosette gall of elm leaves. The bug
is the Camptobrochis nitens Reut. (1909, 56), a preoccupied name.
The relatively smaller size, pale calli, polished brown hue of
corium and almost wholly pale scutellum and legs are the prin-
cipal characters separating this species from its allies.

997 ( — ). Der^eocoris quercicola Knight, 1921, 138.

Darker than nitenattLs; head with brown markings as there; calli
black, their front margins and a wedge-shaped spot between their front
halves, yellow; disk behind them usually brown with sides and a vague
median line pale; scutellum yellow, normally with two wide brown
stripes; elytra brownish-black to piceous, darkest on middle and outer
apical half of corium, clavus, basal half of corium and embolium except
near apex, pale brownish-yellow with fuscous punctures; cuneus and
membrane as in nitenatus; legs pale yellow, hind femora usually with
one or two small brown spots near apex; ventrals dull yellow, their
spiracles and median line darker. Antennae yellow, the apical joints
dusky; the relative length of segments nearly as in nitenatus. Pronotum
narrower with sides less convergent and more sinuate than there, the base
but slightly more than twice as wide as apex, disk more finely and evenly
punctate. Length, 5.8 — 6 mm.

Harrison Co., Ind., June 9 (W. S. B.). Long, Pine and Staten
Islands, N. Y., June 19— July 25 (Davis). Glen Ellyn and Chi-
cago, 111., June 19 — July 4 (Gerhard). Ranges from Quebec and
New England west to Minnesota and Colorado and south and
southwest to Georgia and New Mexico, occurring for the most
part on Quercus alba. The var. pallens Knight (1921, 140) is dis-
tinguished only by the characters given in key and is recorded
from New York, Minnesota, South Dakota and New Mexico.

998 ( — ). DerjEocoris davisi Knight, 1921, 140.

Head dull yellow, vertex with five or six oblique spots and tylus with
two lines brown; pronotum, clavus and inner half of corium dark brown

SUBFAMILY VII. — DER^OCORIN^. 901

to black; embolium, basal half of cuneus and usually the outer half of
corium dull translucent yellow with fuscous punctures; scutellum dark
brown, a spot on each basal angle and tip pale; apical half of membrane
pale, basal half and veins fuscous-brown; legs pale yellow, hind femora
often with a dark spot near apex; ventrals brownish-black, paler on sides,
sparsely and finely pubescent. Antennae pale yellow, joints 3 and 4 in
part dusky-brown; joint 1 slightly longer than width of vertex, 2 three
times as long as 1, 3 as long as head, 4 four-fifths the length of 3. Beak
reaching base of hind coxae. Pronotum more than twice as wide at base
as apex, sides nearly straight, narrowly margined ; basal margin slightly
sinuate, narowly pale; disk finely and closely punctate. Corium finely and
sparsely punctate, clavus more coarsely and closely so. Length, 5.3 mm.

Marshall Co., Ind., June 11 (W. S. B.). Staten Island, N. Y„
June 18 (Doris). Recorded only from New York and Spring
Hill, Ala.

Group C. — Der^ocoris.

This group as characterized in the key, p. 893, is represented
in the eastern states by but a single species with several color
varieties.

999 (1067). Der^eocoris sayi (Reuter), 1876, 76.

Elongate-oval, robust. Dark fuscous-brown to black, sparsely clothed
with rather long inclined yellowish hairs; head, scutellum, collar and
edges of side margins of pronotum, dull yellow; embolium and cuneus
brownish translucent; membrane fuscous-brown, the veins darker;
femora dark brown to blackish with a pale ring near apex; tibiae dull
yellow with two rings on basal half and tip brown ; tarsi and beak fus-
cous-brown ; under side of head and prosternum dull yellow, meso- and
metasternum opaque black, ventrals dark chestnut-brown, shining. An-
tennae dark brown, thickly beset with suberect hairs; joint 1 as long as
width of vertex, 2 cylindrical, about three times as long as 1, 3 slightly
longer than 1, 4 two-thirds the length of 3. Beak reaching between
middle coxa?. Pronotum with base nearly two and a half times as wide
as apex, sides straight, calli large, smooth, feebly convex, remainder of
disk coarsely and evenly punctate. Elytra more finely and more thickly
punctate. Tibiae beset with numerous long erect bristle-like hairs.
Length, 7.5 — 8 mm.

Vermilion Co., Ind., June 12 (1I\S. B.). Glen Ellyn, 111.,
June 19 on oak (Gerhard). Raleigh, N. Car., early May (Brim-
lex). Ranges from New York west to Minnesota and south-
west to North Carolina, St. Augustine, Fla., Alabama and
Texas. Occurs on various species of oak.

In addition to the typical form as above described, Knight
(1921, 175) has given names to five color varieties, which he
separates as follows :

902 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

KEY TO COLOR VARIETIES OF DER^EOCORIS SAYI.

a. Scutellum pale or red.
b. Side margins of pronotum black or only narrowly pale at apical
angles ; front of head blackish. 999a. var. frontalis.

bb. Side margins of pronotum broadly pale or reddish.

c. Embolium black like the corium. 999b. var. margixatus.

cc. Embolium pale and cuneus more or less translucent.

999c. var. costalis.
aa. Scutellum black or only the median line pale apically.
d. Femora black, annulated with pale near apex.

999d. var. unicolor.

dd. Femora pale on basal half, broadly annulated with black at apical

third. 999e. var. femoralis.

Of these varieties Knight records frontalis from Glen Ellyn,
111.; costalis from Massachusetts, New York and Illinois; uni-
color from Illinois and Wisconsin ; marginatus from Michigan,
Illinois, Georgia and Florida, and femoralis from Minnesota.

Group D. — Der^eocoris.

Oblong or elongate-oval species of medium size having the
scutellum smooth and tarsal claws without distinct cleft at
base. This group comprises six of our eastern species.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP D, DER^OCORIS.

a. Upper surface practically glabrous, at most only finely and sparsely

pubescent.

b. Calli solid black or with only a small pale spot on each outer apical

angle.

c. Scutellum uniformly brownish; second antennal similar in both

sexes, slender on basal half, thicker toward apex, its erect hairs

as long as thickness of segment; apical half of hind tibiae

broadly pale. 1000. appalachianus.

cc, Scutellum dark brown with basal angles and apex ivory-white;

second antennal as thick at middle as on apical half, its erect

hairs in female three times as long as thickness of segment;

apical half of hind tibia? dark brown with a vague median pale

ring; host plant, tamarack. 1001. laricicola.

bb. Calli with entire front margin ivory-white, this hue with a spur

projecting obliquely inward from each apical angle toward middle

of callus; second antennal as thick at middle as on apical half,

its erect hairs not longer than thickness of segment; host plant,

white pine. 1002. pinicola.

aa. Upper surface thickly pubescent or at least with long hairs near

front angles of pronotum.

d. Hind femora with basal half pale flecked with two or three rows of

small darker spots; apical half fuscous to blackish with a pale

ring; tibiae with two pale rings. 1003. kennicotti.

SUBFAMILY VII. — DER,£OCORINiE. 903

dd. Hind femora uniformly dark brown or blackish.

e. Pronotum, elytra and legs uniformly dark brown, the paler sub-
translucent areas of elytra stained with brownish ; apical half
of hind tibia? usually with a distinct pale ring; host plant, scrub
pine. 1004. nigritulus.

ee. Pronotum fuscous to blackish; elytra fuscous to blackish, the paler
areas not stained with brown; hind tibiae with a vague pale ring
or none; gula, sides of tylus and front coxa? pale; host plants
red and gray pines. 1005. albigulus.

1000 ( — ). Der^eocoris appalachianus Knight, 1921, 160.

Dark fusco-brownish; head paler brown with brownish-black mark-
ings; pronotum with calli and front margin of disk brownish-black;
clavus and base of corium yellowish, subtranslucent, embolium paler;
cuneus dark brown, paler at middle; membrane fusco-brownish, paler
each side near tip of cuneus; legs reddish- or fuscous-brown, tips of coxa?
and basal half of femora paler; tibia? dark brown, their apical halves
dull yellow; ventrals dark brown to piceous, shining. Antenna? dark
brown, blackish apically, joint 1 almost as long as width of vertex, 2
three times as long as 1, the apical half visibly thickened, 3 two-fifths the
length of 2, one-fourth longer than 4. Beak reaching middle of hind
coxa?. Length, 6.2 mm.

Known only from Tryon, N. Car., where it was taken May 21
at light.

1001 ( — ). Der^ocoris laricicola Knight, 1921, 164.

Dull greenish-yellow, thickly marked with fuscous punctures ; vertex
with four curved stripes and tylus with two lines, blackish; calli shining
black, a small spot on each apical angle and another between them, yel-
low; apical half of corium with a large irregular brown blotch; embolium
and cuneus dull translucent yellow dotted with fuscous, their tips darker;
membrane dusky hyaline, the cells and sides paler, veins brown; tibia?
and apical halves of femora dark brown, the former with two pale or
reddish rings; basal halves of femora, coxa?, prosternum and osteolar
duct pale yellow; meso- and metasterna opaque black; ventrals shining
black, paler at middle. Antenna? dark brown ; joint 1 slightly longer than
width of vertex; 2 subcylindrical, tapering at base, three times longer
than 1 ; 3 and 4 united two-thirds the length of 2. Pronotum with sides
strongly converging, base, especially in female, distinctly flaring, two and
a fourth times as wide as apex, disk coarsely, very irregularly punctate,
with pale calloused areas between the punctures. Elytra more finely and
more evenly punctate. Length, 6.2 — 6.5 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., June 27 (Davis and Gerhard). Recorded only
from Massachusetts. New York and Minnesota, but probably
occurs on tamarack throughout most of the range of that tree.

1002 (— ). Der^ocoris pinicola Knight, 1921, 162.

Pale brownish-yellow, thickly flecked with blackish punctui-es ; head
with the two curved median dark stripes broken to form oblique, trans-

904 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

verse marks; scutellum usually pale or dull yellow with two wide brown
abbreviated stripes; apical third of corium and embolium more or less
darkened with fuscous-brown, narrow line along- base of cubitus pale;
membrane translucent fuscous, paler near tips of cuneus, veins dark
brown; legs black or dark brown, coxae, trochanters and basal third of
femora in part dull yellow, tibia? with two vague paler rings; ventrals, in
dark specimens, shining black, in pale ones, dull yellow with spiracles
and median line blackish. Antenna? dark brown to black, joint 1 four-
fifths as long as width of vertex; 2 three and one-half times longer than
1, feebly thickened from base to apex; 3 and 4 united two-thirds the
length of 2. Pronotum shorter, with sides less convergent than in
laricicola, hind angles more broadly rounded; disk, as well as that of
elytra, rather finely evenly, not densely punctate. Tarsal claws and
arolia as in pi. X, fig. 28. Length, 6 — 6.4 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., July 13 (Gerhard). Wyandanch, L. I., N. Y.,
July 3 (Davis). Ranges from Ontario and New England west
to Minnesota and south to Washington, D. C. Knight found
the fifth stage nymphs in numbers on June 9 near Ithaca, N.
Y., on white pine. They were living among and were pre-
daceous upon the pine bark aphid, Cheilites pinicorticis (Fitch)
and were covered with a coat of white wax-like material similar
to that of the aphids.

1003 ( — ). Der^eocoris kennicotti Knight, 1921, 166.

Dull grayish-yellow; head with inner margin of eyes, some trans-
verse bars each side of front, base of tylus, lora? and cheeks, black; calli
and area in front of them shining black; scutellum black, basal angles
and tip pale; elytra grayish-yellow, translucent; narrow edge and tip
of embolium, apex of clavus, spots at base, near middle and on apex of
corium, fuscous to blackish; basal half of cuneus pale with black punc-
tures, apical half brownish-black; membrane fuscous, cells and a spot
near tip of cuneus paler, veins darker; legs blackish, hind femora and
tibia? as in key; ventrals dark brownish-black, thickly pubescent. Joint
1 of antenna? dull yellow, darker toward base, one-tenth shorter than
width of vertex ; 2 testaceous, blackish toward apex, three and one-half
times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 blackish-brown, 3 two-fifths as long as 2, 4
one-tenth shorter than 3. Beak reaching between middle coxa?. Length,
5.7—6.7 mm.

Recorded only from Mt. Katahdin, Maine, and Great Slave
Lake, Canada.

1004 (1068). Der^eocoris nigritulus Knight, 1921, 170.

Color a nearly uniform dark reddish-brown, rather thickly clothed
with long, suberect brown hairs; head often with tylus and basal margin
of vertex paler; scutellum, embolium and cuneus concolorous with corium;
membrane pale brownish-hyaline, its veins brown; legs and under sur-
face brown, trochanters, tips of coxa? and osteolar duct paler; tibia? with

SUBFAMILY VIII. — DICYPHIN^. 905

a broad pale ring on apical half and thickly beset with long bristle-like
hairs. Antenna? dark brown, beset with numerous long, suberect hairs;
joint 1 slightly shorter than width of vertex, 2 three times as long as 1,
3 about two-fifths as long as 2, one-fourth longer than 4. Beak reaching
base of hind coxa?. Vertex and calli smooth, shining, the latter rather
prominent. Remainder of upper surface, except membrane, rather finely,
evenly and thickly punctate. Length, 6 — 6.4 mm.

Washington, D. C, June 15 (Gerhard). Recorded only from
there, Maryland and Virginia. Described by Reuter (1909, 55)
as Camptobrochis nigrita, a preoccupied name.

1005 ( — ). Der^eocoris albigulus Knight, 1921, 171.

Color above a nearly uniform dark fuscous to black, thickly clothed
with short, suberect yellowish hairs; a narrow stripe bordering eyes,
sides of tylus, a spot on cheeks, very narrow basal margin of pronotum
and basal angles and tip of scutellum, usually dull yellow; membrane
dark smoky brown, the cells and sides near tip of cuneus paler; legs and
under surface dark brown to blackish, the coxa?, prosternum and under
side of head in great part dull yellow. Antenna? dark brown, pubescent,
the joints relatively slightly shorter than in nigritulus. Beak reaching
middle of hind coxa?. Pronotum three-fifths wider at base than long,
sides strongly converging from the base; disk, except calli, densely and
rather finely punctate. Clavus and corium somewhat rugose, rather
finely and unevenly punctate. Length, 6.5 — 7.2 mm.

Lake and Marshall counties, Ind., June 11 — 28 (IF. S. B.) .
Miller, Ind., June 27 (Gerhard). Taken from the gray or Lab-
rador pine, Pinits divaricatus (Ait.). Known only from New
York, Michigan and Indiana. Larger and darker than nigritulus
with pronotum more densely punctate.

Subfamily VIII. DICYPHINyE Oshanin, 1912, 70.

Elongate, slender, usually glabrous species having the head
wider across eyes than apex of pronotum, usually distinctly ex-
serted with front subvertical; lorae linear, distinct; pronotum
subcampanulate or trapezoidal, its collar prominent ; elytra usu-
ally entire and surpassing tip of abdomen, often in great part
largely hyaline ; last tarsal joint slender, its claws sharply bent,
not cleft near base ; arolia usually absent or minute. Four
genera are represented in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GEXERA OF DICYPHIX.F.

a. Hind margin of pronotum straight or nearly so, the mesoscutum but
slightly exposed ; basal margin of calli not passing apical third of
pronotum; head, viewed from the side, not projecting before eyes;
elytra elongate-oval, hyaline or glassy with red or dark markings ;
pseudarolia absent (pi. X, fig. 21). I. Hyaliodes, p. 906.

906

FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

da. Hind margin of pronotum more or less concave, leaving mesoscutum
broadly exposed; basal margin of calli nearly or quite reaching
middle of pronotum; head, viewed from the side, distinctly sur-
passing front line of eyes; pseudarolia prominent (pi. X, figs. 18
—20).
b. Pronotal disk distinctly transversely sulcate just behind calli; eyes
large, vertical; head narrowed to form a distinct neck behind
eyes. II. Dicyphus, p. 907.

hl>. Pronotal disk not transversely sulcate behind the calli.

c. Eyes large and vertical, the head space behind them short, not

equal to half the width of an eye. III. Cyrtopeltis, p. 911.

re. Eyes small, oblique placed at midde of head, the space behind them

subequal to lateral width of an eye. IV. Macrolophus, p. 913.

I. Hyaliodes Reuter, 1876, 83.

Elongate-oval, shining species having the head strongly nar-
rowed behind eyes to form a distinct neck, its front vertical,
vertex wider than the lateral width of an eye ; pronotum sub-
campanulate, sides strongly converging from base to apex,
hind portion convex with basal angles subnodulose ; elytra nar-
rowly oval, surpassing abdomen by half the length of mem-
brane ; corium, embolium and cuneus of nearly the same texture
as membrane ; cuneus but slightly deflexed, membrane one-
celled. One of the two known species occurs in our territory.

1006 (1106). Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say), 1832, 24; I, 345.

Pale straw-yellow; collar,
calli, base and narrow side
margins of scutellum and
veins of membrane dark
brown; head, clavus, edge of
costal margin and legs dull
yellow, often more or less
tinged with red; scutellum
usually white ; transverse
stripe across apex of corium
bright red; remainder of
elytra pale glassy hyaline;
under surface pale yellow,
often tinged with red, the
sides of venti'als sometimes
darker. Joint 1 of antenna?
yellow, its apical half or more
usually bright red, about as
long as pronotum; 2 much
more slender, dull yellow, fuscous at apex, one-half longer than 1 ; 3 and
4 dusky, very slender, united two-thirds the length of 2. Beak reaching
middle coxae. Basal half of pronotum finely pubescent, densely and

X 8. (Original).

SUBFAMILY VIII. — DICYPHIN^E. 907

coarsely punctate. Scutellum smooth, equilateral, impressed at base, its
margins pubescent. Inner margin of embolium with a row of minute
punctures. Length, 4.5 — 4.8 mm. (Fig. 187).

Frequent throughout Indiana, June 22 — Sept. 22. Dunedin,
Fla., March 13 — 20. In Indiana it occurs in numbers on jewel-
weed or touch-me-not, Impatiens biflora Walt., along the borders
of streams and ponds in company with Lygus pabulinus (Linn.) ;
also frequently beaten from wild grape. Not before recorded
from a definite Florida station, and apparently very scarce in
that State, but two having been taken at Dunedin. They were
swept from ferns in a moist dense hammock. The known
range extends from Quebec and New England west to Iowa
and Kansas and southwest to North Carolina, Florida and
Texas. Of it Uhler (1884, 287) wrote: "This elegant little
insect lives in great numbers upon wild grapevines, but it is
often equally common upon red and black oak, particularly in
early autumn, where it may be seen searching for small tender
insects and larvae."

The color of vitripennis is exceedingly variable, the pronotum
often being wholly pale, or with only a black spot at base ;
scutellum at times in part or wholly black ; the dark stripe
along the suture red or black, sometimes wholly wanting. The
form above described is one extreme. The other is the variety
discoidalis Reut. (1909, 61) in which the neck, collar, calli, wide
median stripe on pronotum, clavus, commissure, line across tips
of coria, veins of membrane and antennae, except basal joint,
are dark brown to blackish. All possible variations occur be-
tween the two extremes, so that the varietal name is super-
fluous.

II. Dicyphus Fieber, 1858, 327.

Elongate, slender species having the front of head sub-
vertical ; tylus prominent, compressed ; eyes large, separated
from pronotum by a space subequal to width of an eye ; vertex
convex, not wider than the width of an eye, without basal
carina; beak usually reaching or surpassing hind coxa?; anten-
nae about half the length of body, the joints variable in length ;
pronotum subcampanulate, its disk smooth and with a trans-
verse impression both in front of and behind calli, hind mar-
gin usually broadly and deeply concave; mesoscutum strongly
convex, usually widely exposed ; scutellum relatively small, con-
vex, its apical half usually with an obtuse longitudinal carina;

908 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

elytra entire, surpassing abdomen by half the length of mem-
brane, cuneus horizontal, its fracture scarcely evident ; front
coxae long, reaching or surpassing middle of mesosternum ;
joints 1 and 3 of hind tarsi subequal, 2 longest. Six species are
known from our territory.1'1

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF DICYPHUS.

a. Smaller, length not over 3.7 mm.

b. Corium with a large rounded black spot near apex; legs wholly pale

yellow; basal margin of pronotum feebly concave, the mesoscutum
only in small part exposed ; length less than 3 mm.

1007. MINIMUS.
66. Corium without a prominent rounded dark spot near apex; head
black, with a large pale spot behind eyes ; basal margin of prono-
tum widely and deeply concave, the mesoscutum in great part
or wholly exposed, length, 3.5 — 3.7 mm. 1008. notatus.

aa. Larger, length, especially of female, more than 4 mm.; basal mar-
gin of pronotum widely and deeply concave.

c. Head and pronotum both dark brown to black ; collar and usually

a line between calli pale; elytra in great part pale; osteole
scarcely evident, the rim of its peritreme feebly elevated.

1009. AGILIS.
cc. Pronotum in great part dull yellow with only the sides darker;
osteole distinct, the rim of its peritreme elevated, prominent.
d. Elytra with numerous red lines and streaks ; eyes separated from
pronotum by a space equal to dorsal width of an eye.

1010. FAMELICUS.

dd. Elytra more or less darkened with fuscous, rarely with red mark-
ings.
e. Second antennal wholly black; vertex shining black with a large
pale spot behind it; elytra not conspicuously marked with fus-
cous; form very slender. 1011. vestitus.
ee. Second antennal with basal two-thirds or more yellow; vertex
dull yellow; elytra conspicuously marked with fuscous.

1012. DISCREPANS.

1007 (1111). Dicyphus minimus Uhler, 1899, 59.

Head black, shining; disk of pronotum either pale fuscous with dark
margins or wholly black, the collar pale yellow; scutellum fuscous to
black with a yellowish triangular spot each side of base; elytra dull
translucent yellow with widely scattered minute fuscous punctures, a
large rounded spot or dot near apex of corium and the tip of cuneus dark
brown or black; membrane pale dusky translucent, veins slightly darker;
legs and under surface pale greenish-yellow, sides of ventrals and tips
of tarsi darker. Antennae blackish, joint 1 paler at base, slightly shorter
than head ; 2 twice as long and nearly as thick as 1 ; 3 and 4 more slender,
3 one-third longer than 2, 4 subequal in length to 2. Pronotum two-
thirds wider at base than long, sides feebly concave, finely margined;

9iThe eastern records <>f /'. californicus Stal (lS59a, 259) are, as pointed out by
Van Duzee (1917, 370) unreliable, it is therefore regarded as extralimital for this
work.

SUBFAMILY VIII. — DICYPHINjE. 909

disk minutely transversely wrinkled. Elytra very finely and sparsely
punctate, minutely pubescent. Length, 2.8 mm.

Faywood, New Mexico, June 4 (Gerhard). Described by
Uhler under the title, "A New Destructive Capsid," with the
statement: "Numerous specimens of both sexes have been
sent to me from various parts of Florida." No other record
from that State. Recorded also from District of Columbia,
New Mexico, Colorado and California.

1008 ( — ). Dicyphus notatus Parshley, 1922, 16.

Elongate, subparallel, male; suboval, female. Pronotum with collar
and disk dull yellow, side margins and flanks black; elytra whitish-yel-
low, opaque, with vague reddish-brown areas on clavus, inner third and
middle of corium; apical angles of corium and cuneus dark reddish-
brown; membrane smoky-hyaline with a vague median dusky stripe,
veins pale; legs pale yellow, femora with inconspicuous brown dots above
and below; sterna black, ventrals dull yellow, their sides with brown or
blackish margins. Joint 1 of antennae pale, two-fifths longer than width
of vertex; 2 — 4 black, 2 slightly shorter than length of head and prono-
tum united, 3 twice as long as 4. Pronotum twice as wide at base as
long at middle, side and basal margins concave, front lobe smooth, shin-
ing, hind one sparsely punctate. Elytra indistinctly punctate, clothed
with fine pale pubescence. Length, 3.5 — 3.7 mm.

Known only from Illinois and South Dakota. "Distinguished
from all other American species of D icy pints by its short an-
tennae, the second segment being scarcely as long as head and
pronotum united, and by the large pale spot on base of head."

(Parshley) .

1009 (1108). Dicyphus agilis (Uhler), 1877, 425.

Head and pronotum subglobose, color as in key; vertex often with
a small yellowish spot near eye; mesoscutum dark brown; scutellum
black, sometimes with a yellowish spot each side of base, both it and
elytra very finely and sparsely pubescent; elytra dull greenish-white to
pale straw-yellow, corium often with a vague pale fuscous stripe; apical
half of clavus sometimes in part reddish; inner apical angle of corium
and extreme tip of cuneus dark brown; membrane dusky translucent,
veins brownish; legs yellow; tips of beak and tarsi fuscous or piceous;
under surface shining brown, middle of ventrals yellow. Joints 1 and 4
of antennae dull yellow, 2 and 3 pale to dark brown ; 1 as long as width
of vertex; 2 and 3 subequal, each about three times as long as 1 ; 4 one-
third as long as 2. Pronotum about one-third wider at base than long;
sides broadly concave, basal angles subdepressed, slightly prolonged; disk,
except calli, finely transversely wrinkled and with a vague median im-
pressed line. Length, 3.8 — 4.5 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 19 ; swept from the black raspberry,
Rttbus occidentalis L. Swannanoa and Highlands, N. Car., June —

910 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

July (Brimley). Georgetown, Colo., July 27 (Gerhard). Ranges
from Quebec and New England west to the Pacific and south-
west to North Carolina. Occurs on various species of Rubus.

1010 (1109). Dicyphus famelicus (Uhler), 1878, 413.

Pale greenish- or straw-yellow, shining; neck, narrow median line
and impressions of pronotum, scutellum, inner margin and apical half of
corium, inner apical margin of embolium and apex of cuneus, in part or
wholly dull to bright red; embolium, basal half of corium and cuneus
except tip, translucent yellow; apical half of membrane dusky, cells
usually paler, veins brownish; legs and under surface pale straw-yellow,
more or less reddish, femora with vague minute brown dots, tarsi in part
fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae reddish-brown, as long as head and neck
united ; 2 reddish-yellow, darker towards apex, more than twice as long
as 1; 3 and 4 fuscous-brown, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 one-half as
long as 3. Eyes large, brown, placed in front of middle of head. Calli
confluent, strongly convex, impressions before and behind them deep;
basal portion of pronotum shorter than calli and collar united, minutely
shagreened. Elytra minutely pubescent. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Lake, Marion and Crawford counties, Ind., May 1 — Sept. 28
(//'. S. B.). Swept from herbage in and along the margins of
dense woodland. Mineral Springs, Ind., Sept. 4 (Gerhard). Sun-
burst and Grandfather Mountain, N. Car., May — September
(Brimley). The known range extends from Ontario and New
England west to Michigan and Indiana and southwest to North
Carolina. Knight records its food as Rubus odoratus L.
Varies much in the extent of the red markings, these in some
individuals covering the entire corium, in others sometimes
wholly lacking.

1011 (1110). Dicyphus vestitus Uhler, 1895, 46.

Elongate, slender, sides parallel. Vertex and tylus black, highly
polished; upper surface of neck pale yellow, with narrow median line
brown; pronotum dull yellow, collar paler, flanks black; mesoscutum
black, the dark hue shining through the translucent basal lobe of prono-
tum; scutellum black, a small yellow spot on each basal angle; elytra
straw-yellow, clavus tinged in vague streaks with brown ; corium with a
faint brown spot opposite apex of commissure and a small distinct one
on inner apical angle; embolium and cuneus pale yellow, their extreme
tips brown; membrane pale brown, the veins darker; legs pale yellow,
femora with minute dark dots, tips of tarsi darker; mesosterna and sides
of ventrals shining brown, remainder of under surface usually straw-
yellow. Neck behind eyes shorter than width of vertex; eyes large,
prominent. Antennae relatively long and slender, fuscous-black; joint 1
paler at base, twice as long as width of vertex, 2 nearly three times as
long as 1, 3 four-fifths the length of 2, 4 two-fifths as long as 3. Prono-
tum much as in famelicus, nearly twice as wide at base as long, hind

SUBFAMILY VIII. — DICYPHI1SLE. 911

lobe shorter than calli and collar united, very minutely and sparsely punc-
tate. Elytra subglabrous, tip of cuneus surpassing apex of abdomen in
both sexes. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Marion, Putnam and Knox counties, Ind., May 8 — Oct. 26.
Common locally on herbage in low wods along the banks of
streams and swept by hundreds, Sept. 5, from water leaf,
Hydro phyllum canadense L., in dense upland woods. Willow
Springs, 111., July 16 (Gerhard). Recorded from New England
and New York, west to Colorado, British Columbia and Califor-
nia. Drake (1923, 77) swept it in July and August from ferns
growing in shady places near Cranberry Lake, N. Y. Accord-
ing to Van Duzee (Ms.) the D. gracilentus Parsh. (1923b, 21)
is a synonym.

1012 ( — ). Dicyphus discrepans Knight, 1923, 477.

Elongate, slightly widened behind, robust for the genus. Head dark
brown, tylus and vertex dull yellow, darker along median line; pronotum
dull yellow, the flanks blackish ; mesoscutum and scutellum black, opaque,
each with a pale spot at sides; clavus and corium straw-yellow, the former
heavily tinged with fuscous, the latter with a vague median cross-bar
extending across embolium and a spot on inner apical angle fuscous;
cuneus pale yellow, its tip and that of embolium piceous ; membrane
dusky translucent, with pale markings across middle, veins darker; legs;
dull yellow, femora with minute brown dots, tarsi in great part fuscous;
under surface dark brown, shining, ventrals rather thickly clothed with
yellow inclined hairs. Joint 1 of antennae, reddish-yellow, darker at base
and apex, two-thirds longer than width of vertex; 2 yellow with apex
blackish, two and two-third times longer than 1 ; 3 fuscous, paler at base,
three-fourths as long as 2; 4 fuscous, one-half the length of 3. Neck
behind eyes stout, as long as calli. Pronotum with transverse impressions
deep, calli confluent, collar shorter than calli, the two united longer than
middle of hind lobe, disk of latter minutely shagreened. Clavus, corium
and femora minutely and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing an
inclined yellowish hair; costal margin ciliate with similar hairs. Length,
4 — 4.5 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., May 23 — Sept. 13. Swept from low herb-
age in dense woodland along the banks of White River. Ranges
from New Hampshire and New York west to Minnesota. Food
plant, aster. Readily known by the robust form, short thick
neck, fuscous markings of elytra, wholly dark under surface
and distinct inclined hairs of pronotum and elytra.

III. Cyrtopeltis Fieber, 1861, 76.

Elongate, subparallel, pubescent species, having the head
but slightly exserted, front vertical, eyes very large, broader

912 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

than width of vertex, narrowly separated beneath ; beak reach-
ing- middle coxa? ; antennae rather stout, half the length of body ;
pronotum trapezoidal, nearly twice as wide at base as long,
calli low, without transverse constriction behind them, hind
margin shallowly and broadly concave ; mesoscutum partly ex-
posed ; elytra entire, apex of cuneus passing the tip of abdomen,
costal margins parallel. Two species, usually recorded under
the generic name Engytatus Reut., are known from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CYRTOPELTIS.

a. Larger, length 4.5 — 4.7 mm.; femora with rows of small black dots.

1013. VARIANS.

(ki. Smaller, length 3.5 — 3.8 mm.; femora without black dots.

1014. TENUIS.

1013 (1112). Cyrtopeltis varians (Distant) , 1884, 271.

Pale greenish-yellow rather thickly clothed with long yellowish hairs;
antenna? fuscous, the base of joints 1 and 2 black, tips of all the joints
pale; elytra with commissure, tips of embolium and cuneus and veins of
membrane blackish-fuscous; legs yellow, tibiae with a black spot near
base. Pronotum with base nearly twice as wide as apex, sides feebly con-
cave, humeral angles depressed, slightly prolonged; calli confluent, smooth
glabrous, disk behind them finely shallowly punctate, thickly pubescent.
Mesoscutum rather widely exposed. Male with tylus black and antennae
longer than in female. Length, 4.5 — 4.7 mm.

Managua, Nicaragua (Gerhard). Described from Guatemala.
Recorded from Biscayne Bay, Fla., and Texas. According to
Uhler it is: "Widely distributed in the southern states, Mexico
and the West Indies. In San Domingo it lives on various kinds
of weeds growing on the sides of roads and in neglected
gardens." The Engytatus geniculatus Reut. (1876, 83) is a
synonym, his specific name being preoccupied.

1014 (1115). Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reuter, 1895, 139.

Color a nearly uniform pale greenish or straw-yellow, sparsely
clothed with very fine prostrate pubescence; collar and embolium paler;
calli and mesoscutum a deeper yellow; tips of corium and cuneus brown;
membrane pale translucent, the veins slightly darker; tips of beak and
tarsi fuscous; knees with a small brown spot. Joint 1 of antennae as long
as width of vertex, black at middle, its base and apex yellow; 2 nearly as
stout and three and one-half times longer than 1, yellow, its base black,
apex fuscous; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, 3 three-fourths as long as 2, 4 one-
half as long as 3. Pronotum with sides straight, disk behind calli finely
transversely rugose, minutely punctate. Mesoscutum slightly exposed.
Length, 3.5—3.8 mm.

SUBFAMILY VIII. — DICYPHI1SLE. 913

Dunedin and Moore Haven, Fla., March 7 — 27; swept from
herbage in low mucky grounds. Recorded from Ft. Myers, Fla.
A neotropical species of wide distribution.

IV. Macrolophus Fieber, 1858, 326.

Elongate, subparallel species having the head porrect, its
front declivent, eyes small, neck behind them short and wide ;
antennae half the length of body, joint 1 stoutest, 3 and 4 more
slender than 2 ; pronotum trapezoidal, about one and three-
fourth times wider at base than long, disk with a narrow
median longitudinal groove, also a vague transverse one be-
hind calli, hind margin broadly, rather deeply concave ; elytra
entire, surpassing abdomen, clavus almost flat, cuneus hori-
zontal ; joint 2 of hind tarsi longer than 3. Two species occur
in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MACROLOPHUS.

a. Joint 1 of antennae wholly black; joint 2, two and one-third times the

length of 1. 1015. separatus.

aa. Joint 1 of antenna? yellow with apex and base fuscous; joint 2, three

times as long as 1. 1016. tenuicornis.

1015 (1116). Macrolophus separatus (Uhler), 1894a, 194.

Dull straw-yellow; apex of scutellum fuscous; elytra dirty white or
pale yellow, thickly flecked with brownish dots or punctures, each bearing
a short inclined blackish hair; embolium with a rounded spot near apex
and extreme tip dark brown; cuneus pale yellow, its tip brown; mem-
brane dusky, marbled with pale, veins brown; legs and under surface
straw-yellow, rather thickly pubescent, tarsi and ventrals tinged with
fuscous. Joint 1 of antenna? black, pale at extreme base, one-half longer
than width of vertex; 2 dusky yellow, blackish at tip, two and one-third
times longer than 1; 3 one-third longer than 2; 4 fuscous, one-fourth the
length of 3. Beak reaching hind coxae. Other characters as under generic
heading. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Hessville, Lake Co., Ind., Sept. 22 (Gerhard). Ranges from
Ontario and New England west to the Pacific and southwest to
Florida, Texas, New Mexico and the West Indies, some of the
records doubtless belonging to the next species. Recorded from
Ft. Myers, Fla.

1016 ( — ). Macrolophus tenuicornis sp. nov.

More slender than separatus. Color much the same, head with a
narrow black stripe behind each eye; front femora more yellow, their
basal halves pale whitish translucent. Antennae much longer and dis-
tinctly more slender, joint 1 yellow, the extreme tip and base blackish,
more than twice as long as width of vertex, nearly two-thirds longer than
in separatus; 2 yellow, the tip black, much more slender and distinctly
longer than in separatus; 3 and 4 yellow, 3 as long as 2, 4 one-fourth the

914 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

length of 3. Elytra with numerous black seta-bearing punctures. Legs,
especially the tibiae, long and slender, hind tibiae one-third longer than
in separatus, more thickly beset with longer black spinules. Length,
4.2 mm.

Crawford Co., Ind., Aug. 1. Swept from low herbage along
the banks of Blue River.

Subfamily IX. PHYLIN^) Reuter, 1910, 111.

Species of variable form and size, but agreeing in having the
lorae narrow but very distinct, the impressed line above and
below them deep; first joint of antennae usually short; prono-
tum without a subapical constriction, sometimes flattened
above near apex ; inner wings usually with a distinct hamus :
joint 3 of tarsi linear, longer than joint 1 ; arolia wanting, or
if present very obscure and bristle-like ; pseudarolia usually
present, sometimes very large. "Male genitalia distinctive, the
tip of penis twisting to the left, lying closely within bend of
left clasper, extending downward and beyond it to the left
side." (Knight).

For convenience of treatment the subfamily is divided into
three tribes, separated as follows :

KEY TO TRIBES OF SUBFAMILY PHYLIN^E.

a. Pronotum with a more or less flattened apical collar, but without a

constriction behind it; abdomen usually distinctly constricted at

base; form generally elongate. Tribe I. Hallodapini, p. 914.

an. Pronotum not flattened near apex, without the semblance of a collar;

abdomen not constricted at base.

h. Prosternal xyphus depressed on its disk, its margins more or less

elevated; pseudarolia prominent, united with the claws along

their full length and sometimes projecting beyond them (pi. X,

fig. 13), or attached only at basal angles and extending free and

parallel with claws to the tips (pi. X, fig. 14).

Tribe II. Oncotylini, p. 918.

hh. Prosternal xyphus convex, not distinctly margined; pseudarolia

minute or wanting, when present attached to the inner basal

angle of claw, never extending beyond tip of claws (pi. X, figs.

1—12). Tribe III. Phylini, p. 921.

Tribe I. HALLODAPINI Van Duzee, 1916a, 204, 210.

To this tribe, as characterized above, belong three of our
eastern genera.

KEY TO EASTERN CEXERA OF HALL/ODAPINI.

a. Pseudarolia connate with claws (pi. X, figs. 15, 16) ; elytra present
in both sexes.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^E. 915

b. Second antennal strongly abruptly clavate, its thickness at apex

twice or more that at base; elytra surpassing abdomen in both

sexes. I. Teleorhinus, p. 915.

bb. Second antennal nearly linear, slightly thickened toward apex;

females brachypterous, ant-like in form. II. Orectoderus, p. 916.

aa. Pseudarolia attached at base of claw, free apically, but extending

practically parallel with claw (pi. X, fig. 17) ; second antennal

linear; females apterous, ant-like in form.

III. COQUILLETTIA, p. 917.

I. Teleorhinus Uhler, 1890, 74.

Subfusiform, broadest behind middle. Head triangular, sub-
conical, declivent, but slightly wider across eyes than apex of
pronotum, inserted in thorax to eyes; beak almost reaching
hind coxae; pronotum subcorneal, its apex truncate, sides
rounded, feebly concave, calli very low, separated by a wide
shallow impression, hind margin straight ; mesoscutum widely
exposed ; scutellum smooth, longer than wide, its tip acute ;
elytra entire, dilated behind, surpassing abdomen. Two species
occur in the eastern states, and a third in California.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF TELEORHINUS.

a. Joints 3 and 4 of antenna? united equal in length to 2; color steel blue.

1017. FLORIDANUS.

aa. Joints 3 and 4 of antennae united slightly longer than joint 2; color
black. 1018. tephrosicola.

1017 ( — ). Teleorhinus floridanus Knight Ms.

Head black; pronotum, scutellum and elytra steel-blue, all strongly
shining; membrane dusky translucent, veins slightly darker; coxa? and
femora bright orange-yellow, tibia? dull greenish-yellow, their tips and
joints 1 and 3 of tarsi fuscous; under surface dark brown to black,
strongly shining. Joint 1 of antenna? shining black, three-fourths as
long as width of vertex; 2 about four times as long as 1, its basal half
slender, yellow, apical half black, twice or more as thick as 1, finely and
densely pubescent; 3 and 4 dull yellow to fuscous, 4 three-fifths as long as
3. Pronotum with front portion smooth, basal half or more transversely
rugose with vague shallow punctures between the ruga?. Cla\us coarsely
transversely rugose, coi'ium more finely so, both with shallow punctures
between the ruga?; apex of membrane broadly rounded. Length, 7 —
7.2 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 31 — April 24; three specimens swept
from Ericads along the bay front.

1018 ( — ). Teleorhinus tephrosicola Knight, 1923, 476.

Black, shining, minutely pubescent; legs pale reddish-yellow, coxa?
whitish, black at base; beak brownish, darker at base and apex. Joint
1 of antenna? black, three-fourths as long as width of vertex, 2 yellowish,

916 family xxix. — mirid;e.

apical two-fifths black, five and three-fourth times as long as 1, its
clavate portion twice as thick as 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 two-thirds as
long as 1, 4 nearly three-fourths the length of 3. Length, 7.3 — 7.6 mm.

Known only from Yaphank, Long Island, N. Y., and Lake-
hurst, N. J., where it was taken by Davis in June and July on
flowers of the common goat's rue, Cracca virginiana L.

II. Orectoderus Uhler, 1876, 319.

Male — Elongate, slender, subparallel with head triangular,
feebly declivent, wider across eyes than front margin of prono-
tum ; eyes large, slightly distant from pronotum ; vertex broad,
subdepressed ; beak reaching middle coxa? ; pronotum sub-
campanulate, flattened above near apex ; basal half of meso-
scutum exposed ; scutellum triangular, its apex acute ; elytra
entire, slightly wider behind middle ; cuneus long and narrow,
surpassing tip of abdomen. Female — Ant-like in form ; head
shorter, not exserted, much broader than in male, its front
subvertical ; elytra dimorphic, often much shorter than abdo-
men, the tips tapering to a point and vertical ; base of abdomen
strongly constricted into a pedicel, remaining segments form-
ing a subglobose portion. Two species are known, one occur-
ring in our territory.

1019 (1101). Orectoderus obliquus Uhler, 1876, 320.

Male — Black, shining; elytra brownish with basal half of corium
and a large spot on base of cuneus dull yellow; membrane smoky-brown,
veins darker; legs reddish-brown, front coxa? and tarsi usually in part
darker; middle and hind coxae paler; under surface shining black. An-
tennae dull yellow to dark brown, joint 1 paler, as long as width of ver-
tex, 2 as long as inner margin of clavus, gradually feebly thickened from
base to apex, 3 much more slender, two-thirds the length of 2, 4 two-
thirds as long as 3. Scutellum and basal half of pronotum very finely,
transversely rugose, clavus more coarsely rugose, both it and corium
minutely and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing a very fine,
short yellowish hair. Length, 7.2 — 7.8 mm. Female — Piceous to black,
subopaque; scutellum in part or wholly pale dull yellow; corium and
cuneus without pale markings; antennae brownish to fuscous, joint 4
and tips of 2 and 3 blackish. Length, 5.8 — 6 mm.

Mt. McClellan, Colo., July 30 (Gerhard). Ranges from On-
tario and New England west to Manitoba, the Dakotas, Colo-
rado and Kansas. Not recorded south of New Jersey. Occurs
in the west on the common sagebush, Artemisia tridentata Nutt.
Knight (1923, 475) has described a variety ferrugineous from

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^.

917

Long Island, N. Y., based on some "ferrugino-testaceous"
females which were taken in company with a reddish-colored
ant (Camponotus castaneus Latr.) which the bug resembles very
closely. Uhler stated (loc. cit.) that "immature forms of
obliqiius are chestnut-brown, with the white markings less dis-
tinct."

III. Coquillettia Uhler, 1890, 78.

Male — Elongate-oval, subopaque. Head long, narrow, its
front almost vertical, vertex between eyes wider than apex of
pronotum, its base not carinate, constricted to form a short
neck; eyes large, oval, prominent, set obliquely; face below the
eyes narrow, compressed, acutely subconical; beak reaching
middle coxae; pronotum short, campanulate, front lobe narrow,
calli prominent, limited behind by a broad impression, hind lobe
convex, basal angles rounded, hind margin subtruncate, leav-
ing mesoscutum broadly exposed ; scutellum wide, triangular,
convex, elevated above clavus, separated from mesoscutum by
a deep, transverse impression ; elytra very long, membrane
almost as long and nearly twice as wide as corium, costal mar-
gin visibly but very broadly concave, feebly reflexed ; abdomen
strongly constricted near base. Female — Ant-like in form. Head
strongly declivent, wider in front of eyes than pronotum, area
behind eyes as long as width of vertex ; pronotum subquadrate,
convex ; meso- and metanota wholly exposed, their side margins
slightly elevated, feebly carinated, elytra wanting ; segments
1 and 2 of abdomen strongly constricted to form a pedicel, their
pleurae slightly elevated and carinate ; remaining segments

Fig. 18S. Coquillettia mimetica Osb. ; a and //. dorsal and ventral views of male
c, dorsal view of female, X 4%. (After Osborn).

918 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

strongly inflated to form a globose terminal portion (fig. 188, c)
with conspicuous pleural fold.

Six species have been described from North America, one
of which occurs in the eastern states.

1020 (1104). Coquillettia mimetica Osborn, 1898, 236.

Male — Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum, clavus and apical
half of corium pale reddish-brown, shining; basal half of corium and
basal third of cuneus whitish translucent; basal half of pronotum and
cuneus, except base, fuscous-brown; membrane uniformly fuscous; fem-
ora pale reddish-brown; tarsi and apical halves of tibiae, fuscous-brown;
sterna and ventrals 1 — 4 brownish-yellow, hind margin of second ventral
whitish; genital and ventrals 5 and 6 piceous, shining. Joint 1 of an-
tennae reddish-brown, 2 — 4 fuscous-brown; 1 subequal in length to width
of interocular area; 2 and 3 subequal, each four times the length of 1,
4 one-third as long as 3. Female — Reddish-brown, shining; antennals 3
and 4 and apex of 2, tarsi and apical third of tibiae dark fuscous-brown;
second dorsal and globose portion of abdomen dark chestnut-brown, finely
pubescent; osteolar peritreme and hind margin of first and second ven-
trals whitish. Structural characters as under genus heading. Length,
male, 6.2 — 6.5 mm.; female, 5 — 5.5 mm. (Fig. 188).

Ames, Iowa, Aug. 29 — Sept. 9, types {Osborn), Recorded
from Jacksonville, Crescent City and Sanford, Fla. Ranges
from Ohio west to Iowa and south to North Carolina, Florida
and Arizona. "Occurs on elevated grassy ridges, and probably
feeds on some of the grasses." (Osborn).

Tribe II. ONCOTYLINI Douglas & Scott, 1865, 32.

To this tribe, as characterized in the key, p. 914, belong three
of our eastern genera of Phylinae.'-'

KEY TO GENERA OF TRIIJE ONCOTYLINI.

a. Pseudarolia attached only at basal angles of claws, the free portion
extending parallel with them to tips ; claws short, strongly in-
curved (pi. X, fig. 14) ; apex of elytra in our species with six
pale spots. I. Macrotylus, p. 919.

mi. Pseudarolia connate, with claws for their full length; claws broadly
curved (pi. X, fig. 13) ; apex of elytra without pale spots.
/). Beak not passing beyond hind coxa?; pseudarolia long, extending
beyond tip of claws; mesoscutum broadly exposed.

II. Lopus, p. 920.
hl>. Beak reaching or surpassing third ventral; pseudarolia not reach-
ing apex of claw; extreme tips of claws sharply incurved.

III. Megalocoleus, d. 920.

j2Ibei x""h American records of the European Oncotylus punctipes Reut. are
stated Dj Knight (1921, L'Sl i to be based on another European species, Playiogna

< hrysanthemi i Wolff) -

Plagiognathus

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^E. 919

I. Macrotylus Fieber, 1858, 325.

Elongate, pubescent species having the head feebly exserted,
its front subvertical ; tylus prominent, viewed from the side
strongly curved ; beak reaching hind coxae, its first joint slight-
ly surpassing base of head ; antennae slender, about half the
length of body; pronotum trapezoidal, its sides straight with
margins carinate, hind margin straight ; mesoscutum nar-
rowly exposed ; elytra entire, surpassing abdomen, sides sub-
parallel ; legs long, slender, tibiae finely spinulose. Two of the
ten known American species occur in the eastern states. For
a monograph of the genus see Van Duzee, 1916c.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIE'S OF MACROTYLUS.

a. Color fuscous-black; head dull greenish-yellow; basal spot of cuneus

sometimes yellow; length, 3 mm. 1021. sex-guttatus.

aa. Color pale greenish-yellow; membrane and a bar on middle of cuneus

blackish, strongly contrasting with the pale spots; length, 2 — 2.4

mm. 1022. amcenus.

1021 (1200). Macrotylus sex-guttatus (Provancher), 1887, 150.

Fuscous-black, opaque; upper surface rather thickly clothed with
short blackish hairs; head green or greenish-yellow, shining; cuneus
with a large oval yellowish or white translucent spot at base, the apex
also white; membrane with a large whitish-hyaline spot each side of
apex; legs fuscous-black, apical half of tibiae and middle of tarsi pale
brownish-yellow. Joint 1 of antenna? black, reaching tip of tylus; 2
fuscous-black, apical fourth dull yellow, three and a half times as long as
1; 3 and 4 dusky, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, twice as long as 4. Elytra
surpassing abdomen by three-fourths the length of membrane. Length,
3—3.2 mm. (Fig. 167, b) .

Ottawa, Ontario, June 30 (Van Duzee). Cook Co., Minn.,
Aug. 14 (Minn. Unit: Coll.) . Recorded from Quebec, Ontario,
New England and New York. Breeds on Aster.

1022 (1201). Macrotylus amosnus Reuter, 1909, 75.

Dull greenish-yellow; inner basal angle and apjcal half of cuneus
and a spot on sides of apical third of membrane, ivory-white; an oblique
bar across middle of cuneus velvety-black; membrane, except pale spot
on sides, dark brown; femora dull yellow, the upper edge with a black
stripe; tibiae and tarsi fuscous or black; under surface dull yellow, the
genital region dark brown, shining. Antennae fuscous, the incisures pale,
joint 2 as long as width of basal margin of pronotum. Pronotum twice
as wide at base as long; width of apex subequal to length of middle of
disk. Length, 2 — 2.5 mm.

920 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

Swannanoa, N. Car., June 20 (Brimley). Described from Con-
necticut. Recorded elsewhere only from Massachusetts,
Pennsylvania and Estero, Fla.

II. LOPUS Hahn, 1833, 143.

Elongate, slender, subparallel, finely pubescent species hav-
ing the head as broad across eyes as long, its front declivent ;
tylus convex, forming a continuous curve ; beak reaching hind
coxse; pronotum trapezoidal, twice as wide at base as long,
sides straight, hind margin straight at middle, rounded on
sides, disk convex, declivent towards head ; scutellum triangu-
lar, equilateral, on a higher plane than clavus ; elytra entire,
surpassing abdomen ; clavus convex, deflected to corium ; cuneus
and membrane deflected ; tarsi short, joints 2 and 3 subequal, 1
two-thirds the length of 2. One introduced European species
occurs in the eastern states.

1023 (1207). Lopus decolor (Fallen), 1807, 102.

Female — Pale greenish- or straw-yellow, the elytra subhyaline;
basal lobe of pronotum with three short fuscous stripes; scutellum
whitish; clavus and inner half of corium slightly tinged with fuscous;
membrane pale translucent, feebly iridescent; legs pale yellow, tarsi,
claws and apical half of beak piceous; under surface dull yellow, sides
of ventrals with vague fuscous spots. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? dull
yellow, apex of 1 and base of 2 usually darker; 1 two-thirds as long as
width of vertex; 2 feebly thickened toward apex, four times as long as
1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, filiform, 3 two-thirds as long as 2, 4 one-half the
length of 3. Calli small, convex, rather prominent, widely separated.
Length, 3.8 — 4 mm. Male — Larger and darker. Second antennal as long
as width of vertex. Head with brown markings; calli usually blackish;
elytra and corium more heavily tinged with fuscous; under surface
black. Length, 4.5 — 4.8 mm.

Staten Island, N. Y., July 17 (Davis). Recorded in this
country from Quebec, Ontario and the eastern seaboard states,
as far south as Maryland ; also from California. "Breeds on
sedges ; found in numbers and observed to oviposit in the stem
of Juncus dudleyi Wieg. at McLean, N. Y." (Knight) .

IV. Megalocoleus Reuter, 1890a, 254.

Differs from the other genera of the tribe mainly by the
characters given in the generic key. One introduced European
species has been taken in Massachusetts.

1024 ( — ). Megalocoleus molliculus (Fallen), 1829, 82.

Elongate, sides subparallel, male; suboval, female. Greenish-yellow
or grayish-green, thickly clothed with conspicuous suberect dusky hairs;

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLINI. 921

clavus and corium often more or less tinged with brownish, the latter
sometimes with an irregular transverse pale brown band across apical
third; cuneus brownish, its base pale; membrane dusky, iridescent, the
smaller cell and a spot near tip of cuneus blackish, veins yellowish; legs
pale yellow, femora with a row of minute brown spots on lower face,
apical half flecked above with brown. Antenna? yellowish or yellowish-
brown, sparsely clothed with short stiff black hairs, joint 1 two-thirds
as long as width of vertex; 2 three and one-half times as long as 1; 3
and 4 subfiliform, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 one-third as long as 3.
Length, 4.5 — 5.2 mm.

Deal and Chiltern Hills, England, August (British Mus. Coll.).
Known in this country only from Massachusetts. Occurs in
England on tansy, Tanacetum vulgare L., and yarrow, Achillea
millefolium L.

Tribe III. PHYLINI Van Duzee, 1916a, 204.

This tribe, as characterized in the key, p. 914, contains the
great majority of our eastern species of the subfamily
Phylinse, the tribe being represented in the eastern states by
16 genera. For convenience of treatment these are separated
into two groups or subtribes.

KEY TO SUBTRIBES OF TRIBE PHYLINI.

a. Pubescence, when present, composed of a single type of fine, sub-
erect or prostrate hairs; upper surface sometimes nearly glabrous.

Subtribe I, p. 921.
aa. Pubescence composed of closely appressed tomentose or scale-like
deciduous hairs, usually intermixed with more erect ones.

Subtribe II, p. 949.

Subtribe I. — Phylini.

KEY TO GEXERA OF SUBTRIBE I, PHYLINI.

a. Second antennal distinctly longer than width of head across eyes;
front of head more or less produced, the facial angle, when
viewed from the side (the angle between the lower margin of buc-
culae and tylus) less than a right angle.
b. Vertex without an impression each side near eye; joint 3 of hind
tarsi usually slightly shorter than 2.
c. Tibiae pale, their spines usually dark but without black spot at
base.
d. Joint 2 of antennae slender, distinctly thinner than joint 1 ; tylus
flat, confluent with front; upper surface chiefly brown or
blackish, sometimes in part pale.
e. Joint 1 of antennae not or scarcely passing tip of tylus; spines
of tibiae pale. I. Sthenarus, p. 922.

ee. Joint 1 of antennae distinctly passing tip of tylus; spines of
tibiae black without spots at base. II. Microphylellus, p. 923.

922 family xxix. — mirid;e.

dd. Joint 2 of antennae swollen, its apex at least equal in thickness

to joint 1 ; color chiefly reddish, elytra and ventrals usually in

part fuscous. III. Rhinocapsus, p. 925.

cc. Tibiae chiefly pale, their spines with a black spot at base, or if not,

then the upper surface and tibial spines also pale.

IV. Plagiognathus, p. 927.
bb. Vertex with an impression each side near margin of eye; joints
2 and 3 of hind tarsi subequal. V. Microsynamma, p. 945.

act. Second antennal not or but slightly longer than width of head across
eyes; head not or scarcely produced, the facial angle forming a
right angle.
/. Second antennal linear or nearly so, never thicker than first one;
hind tarsi less than one-third the length of tibia?.
g. Small black species; hind femora black; head broad, about one-
fifth narrower than hind margin of pronotum; pseudarolia con-
nate with claws to their tips or nearly so (pi. X, fig. 1).

VI. Chlamydatus, p. 946.

gg. Small pale to yellowish species ; legs pale, hind femora dotted

with black; head narrower; first antennal with a black ring;

pseudarolia minute, not extending beyond middle of claw (pi.

X, fig. 9). VII. Campylomma, p. 948.

if. Second antennal strongly thickened and flattened, male, distinctly

thickened toward apex, female; hind tarsi nearly half the length

of tibia?. VIII. Leucopcecila, p. 948.

I. Sthenarus Fieber, 1858, 321.

Small elongate-oval, pubescent species having the head
broader across eyes than long, its front strongly deflexed ; ver-
tex convex, carinate at base; pronotum short, subtrapezoidal,
twice as broad across base as long, hind margin truncate, hind
angles rounded, calli subobsolete ; mesoscutum concealed ; elytra
entire, surpassing abdomen, cuneus subhorizontal ; beak reach-
ing first ventral. One of the three known North American
species occurs in Florida.

1025 ( — ). Sthenarus plebejus Reuter, 1907b, 26.

Head, pronotum and scutellum fuscous-black; elytra and humeral
angles of pronotum dull brownish-yellow to fuscous-brown, cuneus con-
colorous; membrane dusky-hyaline, the apical half iridescent and mi-
nutely rugose; legs pale straw-yellow, tarsi and apical third of tibia?
tinged with fuscous ; under surface dark fuscous-brown tinged with red-
dish, middle of ventrals paler. Joint 1 of antenna? straw-yellow, two-
fifths as long as width of vertex; 2 reddish-yellow, darker at tip, its
apical half slightly thickened, four and one-third times as long as 1 ;
3 and 4 dusky, subequal in length, united two-thirds as long as 2. Upper
surface sparsely clothed with long fine yellowish hairs. Front half of
pronotum smooth; hind one finely transvei'sely rugose. Scutellum and
elytra similarly rugose. Length, 2 — 2.8 mm.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN.E. 923

Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 18 — Feb. 6 (W.S.B.); several swept
from low ground herbage. Soledad, Cuba, Feb. 9 (Knight).
Described from Jamaica; not before recorded from this coun-
try.

II. Microphylellus Reuter, 1909, 76.

Small elongate- or oblong-oval species having the head
strongly declivent, about one-third narrower than base of pro-
notum ; beak reaching to or beyond hind coxae, its first joint
reaching base of head ; antennae slender, joint 1 usually passing
tip of tylus; pronotum with base about twice as wide as apex,
sides straight, hind lobe convex, declivent forward ; meso-
scutum rather broadly exposed ; elytra entire, membrane 2-
celled ; legs usually wholly pale, femora often with fuscous dots.
Seven species have been recorded from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF MICROPHYLELLUS.

a. Embolium, cuneus and basal half of corium pale or yellowish; scutel-
lum pale with median line blackish; host plant, white oak.

1026. MACULIPENNIS.

aa. Elytra uniformly pale brown to black.

b. Joint 2 of antenna? black; joint 1 pale on apical half; host plant,
large-leaved aster, Aster macrophyllus L. 1027. nigricornis.
bb. Joint 2 of antennae pale, sometimes fuscous at base.

c. Second antennal shorter than width of pronotum at base.
d. Joint 1 of antennae yellowish, fuscous only at base; femora usually
with fuscous dots; length, 3 — 3.3 mm.; host plants, elm and
white oak. 1028. modestus.

dd. Joint 1 of antennae brown or blackish.

e. Smaller, length 2.6 — 2.8 mm. ; beak not reaching beyond base of
hind coxae; femora uniformly yellowish; host plant, hemlock.

1029. tsuGjE.
ee. Larger, length 3.3 mm. ; beak reaching nearly to first ventral ;
femora with fuscous spots. 1030. tumidifrons.

cc. Second antennal as long as or longer than width of pronotum at
base.
/. Beak reaching to or beyond fourth ventral; hind femora uniform-
ly pale; host plant, hazelnut. 1031. longirostris.
//. Beak reaching only to middle of hind coxae; hind femora with
fuscous spots on front face ; host plant, sugar maple.

1032. elongatus.

1026 ( — ). Microphylellus maculipennis Knight, 1923, 456.

Pale fuscous with paler markings as in key, thickly clothed with fine
prostrate yellow pubescence; head blackish, vertex pale; pronotum with
middle of disk and basal angles greenish-yellow; mesoscutum blackish;
membrane fuscous-hyaline, paler along apical half of cuneus; legs pale

924 FAMILY XXIX. — mirid;e.

yellow, basal half of hind coxae and tips of tarsi fuscous; under surface
dark brown, shining, minutely pubescent. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae
straw-yellow, fuscous at base; 1 slightly shorter than width of vertex;

2 dusky at apex, nearly three times as long as 1 ; 3 yellowish tinged with
dusky, about three-fifths the length of 2; 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Beak
reaching tips of middle coxae. Length, 3.4 — 3.6 mm.

St. Anthony Park, Minn., June 10 (Minn, Univ. Co/1.) . Re-
corded only from New York and Minnesota. A form from
Maine with second antennal blackish and femora dotted with
fuscous Knight calls var. fusicornis.

1027 ( — ). MlCROPHYLELLUS nigricornis Knight, 1923, 457.

Black, strongly shining, minutely dusky pubescent; membrane and
veins uniformly fuscous ; legs pale straw-yellow, bases of coxae and tips of
tarsi blackish; ventrals black with yellowish and black pubescence. An-
tennae pale yellowish, joint 2 and base of 1 black; 1 three-fourths as long
as width of vertex, 2 nearly four times as long as 1, 3 one-fourth shorter
than 2, nearly twice as long as 4. Length, 3.8 — 4 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., July 7 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded elsewhere
only from Parry Sound, Ontario, and Batavia, N. Y.

1028 (1225). Microphylellus modestus Reuter, 1912a, 62.

Color a nearly uniform brown to blackish; rather thickly clothed with
fine inclined yellowish hairs; membrane fuscous-translucent, feebly
iridescent, veins slightly paler; beak, legs and antennae pale yellow;
femora usually with a row of small vague fuscous dots along the upper
side of outer face; tips of tibiae and tarsi blackish. Joint 1 of antennae
scarcely half as long as width of vertex, 2 about four times longer than
1, slightly shorter than width of pronotum at base, 3 and 4 united, about
as long as 2. Beak reaching hind coxae. Length, 3 — 3.3 mm.

Marion, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., June 4 — 26 ; beaten
from elm and swept from low herbage (IV. S. B.). Mill Brook,
N. Car., May 11 — 13 (Brimley). The known range extends
from Ontario and New England west to Indiana and southwest
to North Carolina. "Found most frequently among aphid
curled leaves of elm and white oak, feeding to some extent on
honey dew, but sometimes on eggs of the elm leaf beetle,
Galerucella luteola Mull." (Knight).

1029 (— ). Microphylellus tsvgje Knight, 1923, 456.

Dark brown thinly clothed with pale yellowish pubescence; elytra
feebly translucent, membrane uniformly brownish-hyaline, iridescent;
legs yellowish, bases of coxae and tips of tarsi fuscous; ventrals dark
brown. Joint 1 of antennae fuscous-black, three-fifths as long as width
of vertex; 2 yellowish, fuscous at base, nearly four times as long as 1;

3 dull yellow, three-fifths the length of 2; 4 dusky, two-thirds as long
as 3. Length, 2.6 — 2.8 mm.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^E. 925

Tompkins County, N. Y., July 3 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Known
only from that State.

1030 ( — ). MlCROPHYLELLUS TUMIDIFRONS Knight, 1923, 455.

Black, moderately shining, clothed with pale pubescence; elytra
feebly translucent ; membrane and veins wholly pale fuscous ; legs yellow,
coxa? black, femora with two rows of pale fuscous spots, third tarsal fus-
cous; ventrals black, dusky pubescent. Joint 1 of antenna? black, slightly
more than half as long as width of vertex; 2 yellow, dusky pubescent,
four times as long as 1 ; 3 yellow, two-thirds the length of 2 ; 4 dusky
yellow, one-fourth shorter than 3. Front of head distinctly swollen.
Pronotum with an evident but slight impression in front of calli. Length,
3.3 mm.

Recorded only from Truro, Nova Scotia. Host plant unknown.

1031 ( ). MlCROPHYLELLUS longirostris Knight, 1923, 458.

Color above and below dark brown to black, shining, very sparsely
clothed with minute dusky hairs; membrane and veins uniform dark fus-
cous-brown; legs pale yellow without dots; tarsi tinged with dusky. An-
tenna? yellow, joints 3 and 4 slightly darker; joint 1 slightly shorter than
width of vertex, 2 four and a third times longer than 1, 3 nearly three-
fourths the length of 2, 4 one-half as long as 3. Pronotum nearly twice
as wide at base as long at middle, both it and elytra minutely granulate,
without visible punctures. Length, 3.4 — 3.8 mm.

New Haven, Conn., July 7 (Walden). Willow Springs, 111.,
June 7 (Gerhard). The known range extends from New Eng-
land west to Illinois and Minnesota, mostly north of latitude
40°.

1032 ( ). MlCROPHYLELLUS elongatus Knight, 1923, 458.

Black, shining, clothed with dusky pubescence; membrane and veins
uniformly fuscous ; legs straw-yellow, hind and middle coxa? and tips of
tarsi blackish; ventrals black, shining. Antenna? yellowish, joints 1 and
2 darker at base, 1 four-fifths as long as width of vertex, 2 four and one-
fourth times the length of 1, 3 two-thirds as long as 2, 4 two-fifths the
length of 3. Length, 3.8 — 4 mm.

Recorded only from Batavia, N. Y.

III. Rhinocapsus Uhler, 1890, 81.

Elongate-oval shining species having the head declivent,
wider across eyes than apex of pronotum ; vertex subquad-
rangular, transverse, slightly convex; tylus long, prominent,
curved ; antennae stout, joint 1 shorter than head, 2 subfusi-
form, as long as vertex and pronotum united, 3 and 4 abruptly
setaceous, united much shorter than 2 ; pronotum trapezoidal,

926 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

sides strongly declivent, their margins distinct, hind margin
feebly concave ; mesoscutum broadly exposed ; scutellum short,
flat, its apex acute ; elytra entire, costal margin broadly regu-
larly curved throughout its length; apical half of clavus acute-
ly narrowed to tip; outer margin of cuneus incurved at base
forming a notch ; legs stout, hind femora with rows of dots ;
joint 1 of hind tarsi very short, 2 and 3 subequal. Three species
occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF RHIXOCAPSCS.

«. Second antennal black apically, its basal third or more reddish-yel-
low. 1033. VANDUZEEI.
aa. Second antennal uniformly dark reddish-brown or black.

b. Joint 2 of antennae not longer than width of pronotum at base;

larger, length 4.3 — 5 mm. 1034. rubricans.

bb. Joint 2 of antenna? distinctly longer than width of pronotum at

base; smaller, length 3.4 mm. 1035. miniatus.

1033 (1228). Rhinocapsus vanduzeei Uhler, 1890, 82.

Head, pronotum, scutellum and sterna in great part red, tylus.
cheeks and lorae black; basal half of pronotum and scutellum often tinged
with fuscous; elytra and ventrals dark fuscous-brown to black; mem-
brane, including veins, paler fuscous-brown; legs dull yellow, the brown
dots on outer face of front and middle femora very small, on hind ones
conspicuous. Joint 1 of antennae yellow, 2 as in key, 3 dusky yellow, 4
fuscous. Pronotum two-thirds wider at base than long, calli low and
vaguely denned; disk, almost smooth. Length, 3.5 — 4 mm.

Pentwater, Mich., July 15 {Gerhard). Swannanoa, N. Car.,
July (Brimley). The known range extends from Ontario and
New England west to Michigan and southwest to North Caro-
lina. Host plant, wild red raspberry, Rubus strigosus Michx.

1034 (1226). Rhinocapsus rubricans (Provancher), 1887, 154.

Head, front portion of pronotum, femora and under surface a clear
red; elytra uniform reddish-brown; legs reddish-testaceous; hind femora
without black spots, tarsi brown. Antennae dark brown to blackish; joint
1 slightly passing tip of tylus; 2 wholly black, stouter than 1, longer than
the others united. Vertex without a basal margin. Beak reaching hind
femora. Pronotum smooth, calli scarcely evident. Length, 4.3 — 5 mm.

Described from Saint Gertrude, Quebec. Recorded from
Maine, Massachusetts and Lake Toxaway, N. Car.

1035 ( — ). Rhinocapsus miniatus Knight, 1923, 460.

Color a nearly uniform shining cinnabar red, clavus and corium
slightly darker; membrane pale fuscous, feebly iridescent; ventrals
slightly tinged with fuscous; legs reddish-yellow without darker dots;
tibiae and tips of tarsi tinged with fuscous. Joint 1 of antennae red. one-

i

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^. 927

half shorter than width of vertex; 2 and 3 dusky red, 2 four and a half
times longer than 1, 3 three-fifths as long as 2; 4 dusky, one-half as long
as 3. Beak reaching middle of hind coxae. Pronotum twice as wide at
base as long, calli indistinct, disk smooth, both it and corium sparsely
clothed with very fine prostrate hairs. Length, 3.4 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., June 27 (Davis). This is the type locality,
and it is not definitely recorded elsewhere. Uhler, in his notes
following the description of R. vanduseei says: "A red variety
of this insect, but of smaller size, occurs in Maryland, Virginia,
North Carolina and Florida." He probably referred to Knight's
mitiiatus. This is the only Florida record of a member of the
genus.

IV. Plagiognathus Fieber, 1858, 320.

A large genus of small, oval, more or less shining species, the
males being usually elongate or oblong, with sides subparallel,
the females slightly more robust with margins of embolium
feebly curved. They have the head wider across eyes than
apex of pronotum, its front strongly declivent or subvertical ;
tylus narrow, convex ; antennae slender, about half the length
of body, joints variable in length as to species, the second
always much longer than width of head ; beak reaching or
surpassing hind coxae ; pronotum trapezoidal, sides of disk
strongly declivent, their margins rounded, not carinate,
straight or feebly sinuate ; calli low but distinct, usually more
or less confluent, with an impression between the middle of
their bases ; hind lobe convex, declivent forward, its hind mar-
gin slightly rounded ; mesoscutum rather broadly exposed ;
scutellum triangular, equilateral ; elytra entire, surpassing ab-
domen, clavus deflected to corium, cuneus deflexed, the base of
its outer margin incurved to form a slight notch ; legs usually in
great part pale with femora more or less mottled or dotted with
brown or fuscous; tibial spines (except in Group A) with a
black spot at base ; joint 2 of hind tarsi longer than 3. Thirty-
five species and numerous varieties are known from the eastern
states. For convenience of study these are separated into three
groups.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF PLAGIOGXATHUS.

a. Tibial spines yellowish or pale brown without distinct black spots at
base; general color pale greenish-yellow. Group A, p. 928.

aa. Tibial spines dark with a black spot at base of each spine, the spots
sometimes wanting toward apex of tibiae.

928 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID.-E.

b. Joint 2 of antennae dark fuscous to black, sometimes slightly paler
at middle, but always more black than pale. Group B, p. 929.

bb. Joint 2 of antennae chiefly pale, blackish only at base.

Group C, p. 938.

Group A. — Plagiognathus.
This group comprises only two of our known eastern species.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP A, PLAGIOGNATHUS.

a. First antennal with two black lines, second with one; scutellum pale
greenish-yellow; beak reaching middle of hind coxae.

1036. NIGROLINEATUS.

ho. First and second antennals without black lines; scutellum fuscous;
beak reaching hind margins of middle coxae. 1037. ilicis.

1036 ( — ). Plagiognathus nigrolineatus Knight, 1923, 443.

Pale greenish- or straw-yellow, rather thickly clothed with fine sub-
erect yellowish hairs; membrane pale translucent, usually with a streak
on apical half and a spot in smaller cell, fuscous; front and middle
femora usually with a short black line on upper face; apical half of
hind femora with a black line on inner face and a black dot near middle
of outer one; tibiae dull yellow, with a small black spot just below knees
on upper face. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae with black lines as in key, about
four-fifths as long as width of vertex, 2 nearly five times as long as 1, 3
one-half the length of 2, 4 two-fifths as long as 3. Length, 4.1 — 4.3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 28 — April 17. Beaten from foliage of
live oak, Quants virginiana Mill., swept from low herbage along
the bay front, and taken at porch light. Recorded only from
Connecticut and Minnesota. Knight gives its host plant as
Quercus macrocarpa Michx., and its range is probably coextensive
with that tree. Easily known by the uniform pale color and
black lines of antennse and legs.

1037 ( — ). Plagiognathus ilicis Knight, 1925a, 305.

Head and pronotum greenish-yellow, the latter with front and side
margins more greenish and basal half of disk tinged with fuscous ;
mesoscutum dull yellow; elytra pale yellowish-translucent, clothed with
yellowish-brown pubescence; apical halves of clavus, embolium and
corium pale fuscous; membrane uniformly pale fuscous-brown; legs
straw- yellow, femora marked with small vague fuscous dots; tibiae pale,
spines yellowish-brown without spots at base; under surface greenish-
yellow. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae greenish-yellow, apical half of 2
dusky; 1 but slightly more than half as long as width of vertex, 2 four
and three-fourth times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 brownish to fuscous, 3
three-fifths as long as 2, 4 three-fifths the length of 3. Female more ro-
bust than male, upper surface rather uniformly yellowish; scutellum and
a cloud on apical half of corium fuscous-brown. Length, 3.4 — 3.7 mm.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN.-E. 929

Recorded only from near Ithaca, N. Y., where it occurred in
some numbers in July on the winterberry, Ilex verticillata (L.) .

Group B. — Plagiognathus.

To this group belong 18 species and four varieties of our
eastern forms of the genus.111

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES AND VARIETIES OP GROUP B, PLAGIOGXATHUS.

a. Cuneus in part or wholly black or blackish, never chiefly brown.
6. Cuneus more or less pale at base,
c. Scutellum in part pale.
d. Scutellum black along median line, the lateral margins broadly
pale. 1038. obscurus.

dd. Scutellum pale along median line, sometimes pale only at apex,
or broadly pale with only the basal angles blackish.
e. Cuneus pale at base and along outer margin ; femora pale to
fulvous, hind ones with two rows of distinct brown or blackish
spots; length, 4 — 4.5 mm. 1039. flavoscutellatus.

ee. Cuneus pale at base, but not along outer margin; femora pale
to black, usually blackish at base and paler on middle, with-
out rows of dots, sometimes with only the tips pale; length,
3.8 — 4 mmm. 1042a. politus var. flaveolus.

cc. Scutellum uniformly black.

/. Pronotum pale in front; corium chiefly pale testaceous or ivory
white, its apical half with a large suboval fuscous spot; cuneus
pale with a small black spot at apex. 1040. fraternus.

//. Pronotum and elytra black; cuneus with a small pale lunule at
base.
g. Femora black, their tips pale.
h. Length, 4.7 mm.; beak reaching upon middle coxae; pubescence
yellowish. 1041. intrusus.

hh. Length, 3.5 mm.; beak slightly surpassing hind coxa?; pubes-
cence white. 1042. politus.
gg. Femora yellowish with one or two rows of black spots on front
face; pubescence yellowish; length, 4 mm.

1044a. annulatus var. cuneatus.

66. Cuneus uniformly black or fuscous like the corium, rarely slightly

paler at the fracture.

i. Beak and legs chiefly yellowish; femora with black lines or spots.

j. Smaller, not over 3 mm. ; femora with a few small blackish spots,

but without black lines ; elytra uniformly black, cuneus never

pale at base. 1043. repetitus.

jj. Larger, length 3.8 — 4.5 mm.

k. Apical half of hind femora with black spots on front face and
a black line on both upper and lower faces.

1044. annulatus.

!>3The P. mcerens Reut. (1909, 80) is a western species and the Michigan record
of Townsend under that name was based on a manuscript name of Uhler, nearly
twenty years before Reuter described the species.

930 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

kk. Apical half of hind femora with two rows of black spots on
front face, but without a black line above and below.

1045. CARINATUS.
ii. Beak and legs black or fuscous; femora without distinct line or
spots.
/. Femora, tibia? and antenna? obscured with fuscous or brownish-
black; joint 3 of antenna? dusky to fuscous, scarcely paler than
joint 2; elytra brownish-black, somewhat translucent; pubes-
cence yellowish to dusky. 1046. laricicola.
//. Femora black, except on extreme tips; tibia? yellowish, but with
prominent black spots.
m. Smaller, length 3 mm.; second antennal shorter than width of
head plus width of vertex; color deep black, strongly shining,
pubescence white. 1047. nigronitens.
mm. Larger, length 4.2 — 4.5 mm.; second antennal longer than width
of head plus width of vertex.
n. Beak reaching upon hind coxae; brownish-black, sometimes
slightly translucent at cuneal fracture.

1044b. annulatus var. nigrofemoratus.
nn. Beak not reaching hind coxa?; black, cuneus uniformly black
like the corium. 1048. nigritus.

da. Cuneus pale or uniformly fulvous to dark brown, sometimes dusky at
apex, but never in part distinctly black,
o. Cuneus and whole upper surface chiefly reddish-yellow; scutellum
and clavus sometimes slightly darker; tylus and lora? black.
p. Joint 2 of antenna? longer than width of pronotum at base; beak
reaching third ventral. 1049. rosicola.

pp. Joint 2 of antenna? shorter than width of pronotum at base; beak
reaching between hind coxa?. 1050. fulvidus.

oo. Cuneus and upper surface not distinctly reddish-yellow; cuneus
sometimes of that hue, but the apical half of corium then black.
q. Scutellum uniformly pale or green.
/•. Pronotum and elytra nearly uniformly pale greenish- or straw-
yellow.
s. Smaller, length 3.4 — 3.5 mm.; antennae black, narrow tip of joint
1 alone pale. 1051. atricornis.

ss. Larger, length 4.5 — 4.7 mm. ; joints 1 and 2 of antenna? dark
brown, 3 and 4 pale fuscous. 1052. blatchleyi.

rr. Basal half of pronotum, apical half of corium, and disk of clavus
fuscous-bi'own or blackish. 1053. nubilus.

qq. Scutellum fuscous to blackish, or with a blackish median line.
t. Beak not extending beyond middle coxa?; elytra black, basal one-
third to one-half of embolium and corium pale; cuneus pale to
fulvous, its apex frequently dusky. 1054. brevirostris.

it. Beak reaching or surpassing middle of hind coxa?.

?<. Smaller, length 3.7 — 4.6 mm.; pale area of corium extending
back along the claval suture.

1038a. obscurus var. albocuneatus.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^E. 931

uu. Larger, length 4.5 — 4.9 mm.; pale area of corium extending
back along the radial vein ; females with fuscous area on
apical half of corium separated into two elongate spots by
backward extension of pale area along radial vein.

1055. ALBORADIALIS.

1038 (1239). Plagiognathus obscurus Uhler, 1872, 418.

Head, sides of basal half or more of pronotum, middle of scutellum,
clavus except outer margin, and a large wedge-shaped spot on apical
half of corium, black or fuscous-black; calli and narrow edge of embolium
dull yellow; corium with basal third and a ray extending back along
claval suture to apex of commissure, dull white; basal two-thirds of
cuneus whitish, apical third fuscous, edges yellowish; membrane fuscous,
spot near tip of cuneus whitish, veins yellow. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna?
black, their incisures paler, 3 and 4 dusky yellow; legs dull yellow, outer
apical half of under surface paler on sides ; hind femora with a vague
bar and two rows of small dots fuscous ; tips of beak and tarsi fuscous ;
ventrals fuscous to blackish, paler on sides. Upper surface rather
thickly clothed with conspicuous inclined yellow hairs. Beak reaching
first ventral. Length, 4 — 4.4 mm.

Wilmington, N. Y., July 12 (Davis). Ranges from Nova
Scotia, Quebec and New England west to Victoria, B. C, Kan-
sas and Colorado. Not recorded in the east south of New
Jersey. Uhler states that in Maryland it occurs on flowers of
the ox-eye daisy, and when approached attempts to hide be-
neath the calyx of the flowers.

1039 ( — ). Plagiognathus flavoscutellatus Knight, 1923, 440.

Head with vertex and front greenish-yellow; tylus dark brown, shin-
ing, cheeks fuscous; pronotum dark brown, its narrow front and side
margins and sometimes a vague median spot, greenish-yellow; scutellum
as in del of key; clavus and apical half of embolium and corium dark
brown to blackish ; basal half of corium and embolium, narrow costal
margin and base and outer margins of cuneus pale, the pale hue of
corium extending farther back along radial vein than along claval suture;
membrane a uniform fuscous-brown, the veins paler; legs dull yellow,
femora dotted as in key; under surface fuscous-black or brown with yel-
low pubescence. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dark brown; 1 about one-
sixth shorter than width of vertex, its extreme tip pale; 2, four and one-
half times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 three-fifths the length of 2,
4 two-fifths as long as 3. Upper surface sparsely clothed with yellow
pubescence. Length, 4.2 — 4.6 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 30 — July 15. The known range ex-
tends from Nova Scotia and New England west to Minnesota,
mainly north of latitude 40°. Host plant, the sand-bar willow,
Salix fluviatilis Nutt.

932 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID/E.

1040 (1238). Plagiognathus fraternus Uhler, 1895, 51.

Oblong-oval. Color above in great part black, sparsely clothed with
fine yellowish pubescence; vertex greenish-yellow tinged with blackish;
front margin, median line and narrow edges of pronotum, basal third of
corium and embolium, tips of clavus, anal ridge and basal half of cuneus
greenish-yellow; membrane fuscous, a spot near middle and veins pale;
femora blackish, paler at tips; tarsi dull yellow, the knees, spines and
spots at their bases, black; under surface in great part black, the ven-
trals in part greenish-yellow. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae black, 1 about
two-thirds as long as width of vertex, 2 three and a half times longer
than 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, 3 about two-thirds as long as 2, 4 one-half
the length of 3. Length, 4.8 mm.

Dillsboro, N. Car., Sept. 12 (Brimley). The recorded range
extends from New England west to Colorado, north of latitude
40c, the North Carolina specimen, determined by Knight, be-
ing the first one known from the south. New Jersey specimens
received as fraternus from Davis and others so named from
North Carolina have the scutellum yellow, and Knight states
that : "Judging from a large amount of material from Colorado
and the eastern states, fraternus Uhler appears to be nothing
more than a variety of obscitnts Uhler."

1041 ( — ). Plagiognathus intrusus Knight, 1926, 12.

Color nearly as in politus, the pubescence yellowish. Joint 1 of an-
tennae black, extreme apex pale, its length equal to width of vertex; 2
black, three and three-fifths times the length of 1; 3 yellowish to fuscous,
three-fourths as long as 2; 4 fuscous, nearly three-fifths the length of 3.
Length, 4.7 mm.

Recorded only from McLean and the Cranberry Lake region,
N. Y. Host plant unknown.

1042 (1241). Plagiognathus politus Uhler, 1895, 52.

Dark shining fuscous-brown to black, sparsely clothed with whitish
or yellowish inclined hairs ; vertex in great part dull yellow ; anal ridges
and a narrow curved line along fracture of cuneus dull yellow ; membrane
fuscous, a vague rounded spot at middle and the veins paler; osteolar
duct, tibia? and tips of coxae in great part dull yellow, knees and spines
of tibia? black. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dark brown to black, 3 and 4
pale fuscous; 1 three-fifths as long as width of vertex, 2 four and a third
times longer than 1, 3 two-thirds as long as 2, 4 one-half as long as 3.
Pronotum one-half wider at base than long, disk almost smooth, its sides
strongly declivent. Clavus and corium very finely transversely rugose.
Length, 3.5 — 4 mm. (Fig. 189).

Occurs throughout Indiana, June 20 — Oct. 14; common lo-
cally on ragweed, flowers of goldenrod and other Composite.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^E. 933

Raleigh, N. Car., Sept. 2 (Brimley). Ranges from Quebec and
New England west to Manitoba, Colorado and Kansas, and
southwest to North Carolina. Recorded also from California.
Host plants, ragweed, goldenrod, etc. The Lygus fuscosus Prov.

(1872, 105) is stated by
Van Duzee (1912, 323)
- to be "very close to if not
identical with P. politus
Uhl." If the two prove
to be the same, Provan-
cher's name will have
priority. The color of P.
politus varies rather wide-
ly from that above given,
a paler form having been
described by Knight as :

1042a ( — ). Plagiognathus

POLITUS FLAVEOLUS

Knight, 1923, 434.
In extremes of this form
the vertex, front margin and
middle spot of pronotum,
scutellum except basal angles,
base and apex of embolium,
basal third or more of corium,
basal half of cuneus, tibiae
and middle of femora are dull
greenish - yellow; remainder
of body brownish-fuscous. Size and structural characters as in politus.

Fig. 189, X 1G. (After Forbes).

More common in southern Indiana in late summer and
autumn than typical politus; Starke County only in the north,
Aug. 20— Oct. 10. Sherborn, Mass., Sept. 20 (Frost). Occurs
on flowers of goldenrod, thistle and other Compositae. All
variations in color between the extremes of this and politus
are found. The range of var. flaveolus as given by Knight ex-
tends from Ontario and New England to Minnesota. He states
that it "appears late in the season, no doubt belonging to the
second brood of politus, and breeding on Solidago and related
herbaceous plants."

Examples of politus var. pallidicornis Knight, distinguished as
in j of key, p. 939, and having the same range as flaveolus are
at hand from Porter Co., Ind., and Pottersville, N. Y.

934 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

1043 ( — ). Plagiognathus repetitus Knight, 1923, 453.

Black, moderately shining, sparsely clothed with fine yellowish hairs;
membrane and veins uniformly pale fuscous; legs yellowish, basal half
of coxae fuscous, apical half of femora with one or two rows of vague
small fuscous spots, black spots at base of tibial spines prominent; ven-
trals shining black. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae black, 1 two-thirds as
long as width of vertex, 2 three and a half times as long as 1; 3 and 4
dusky yellow, 3 three-fourths the length of 2, 4 two-thirds as long as 3.
Length, 3 mm.

Whiteface Mt., N. Y., Aug. 22 (Minn. Univ. Coll.) . Occurs on
conifers in Nova Scotia, New England, New York and New
Jersey.

1044 (1240). Plagiognathus annulatus Uhler, 1895, 51.

Color a nearly uniform dull brown to blackish, more or less trans-
lucent, rather thickly clothed with yellowish to whitish pubescence;
cuneus often with a small spot on inner basal angle or a narrow lunule
along fracture, paler; membrane uniformly pale translucent, the veins
paler; legs dull yellow, femora either with a few blackish spots and lines
on outer apical half or clouded with fuscous-brown, their tips paler; basal
half of coxae, apical tarsal joint and spots and spines of tibiae, black;
under surface dark brown to blackish, the sides of ventrals often paler.
Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dark brown, 1 five-sixths as long as width of
vertex, 2 four times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, 3 two-thirds as
long as 2, 4 three-fifths the length of 3. Pronotum nearly twice as wide
at base as long, minutely irregularly rugose; calli rather prominent, con-
fluent, with an impression between their bases. Clavus finely transverse-
ly rugose; corium minutely punctate. Length, 4 — 4.2 mm.

Putnam and Vigo counties, Ind., June 18 — Aug. 26; taken
from flowers of various species of Compositae. Pine Island, N.
Y., June 19 (Davis). Ranges from Ontario and New England
west to Kansas and Colorado. Variable to some extent in
color, the variations forming the basis of Knight's two varieties
(1923, 442), cuneatus and nigrofemoratus, as set forth in the
above key.

1045 ( — ). Plagiognathus carinatus Knight, 1926, 10.

Dark brownish-black, clothed with yellow pubescence; vertex yellow-
ish; base of cuneus subtranslucent; legs yellowish, hind femora with
black spots as in key. Joint 1 of antennae black, its tip narrowly pale,
one-tenth shorter than width of vertex; 2 dark brownish, black at base,
male, yellowish at middle, female, four times as long as 1, its length in
male equal to width of head plus width of vertex, in female one-eighth
shorter; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, twice as long
as 4. Beak reaching hind margins of middle coxae. Length, 3.8 — 4.2 mm.

Recorded only from Dewitt, Va., where it was found in June
on persimmon, Diospyros virginiana L.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^E. 935

1046 (— ) . Plagiognathus laricicola Knight, 1923, 452.

Head, pronotum and scutellum fuscous-black, feebly shining, vertex
sometimes yellowish; color of elytra as in key; membrane fuscous, veins
pale, spot near apex of cuneus hyaline; legs dull fuscous-yellow, femora
with small vague brownish spots, tarsi blackish; ventrals fuscous-black,
covered with an opaque bloom. Joint 1 of antenna? black, 2 — 4 fuscous-
brown; 1 four-fifths as long as width of vertex, 2 almost four times the
length of 1, 3 and 4 united as long as 2. Length, 3.6 — 3.9 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., June 27 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Ranges from New
England west to Minnesota and Alberta, occurring in June and
July on tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi).

1047 ( — ). Plagiognathus nigronitens Knight, 1923, 435.

Color as in key; base of vertex dull yellow; membrane pale fuscous,
a pale triangular spot near apex of cuneus; tarsi dull yellow, apical joint
blackish; ventrals shining black. Joint 1 of antenna? black, two-thirds
as long as width of vertex; 2 black, tip pale, three and one-half times
as long as 1 ; 3 dull yellow, four-fifths the length of 2; 4 dusky, two-thirds
as long as 3. Beak reaching between middle coxae. Scutellum finely
transversely rugose. Elytra scabrous. Length, 3 mm.

Grand Junction, Mich., July 15 (III Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.) .
Ranges from Ontario and New England west to Michigan and
Minnesota. Resembles politus but smaller and with shorter
beak.

1048 ( — ). Plagiognathus nigritus Knight, 1923, 441.

Color a uniform black or fuscous-black, rather thickly clothed with
inclined whitish hairs; membrane translucent fuscous, feebly iridescent,
the veins in part paler; tibia?, trochanters, middle of beak and tips of
femora pale yellow; black spots of tibia? conspicuous. Antenna? fuscous-
black, joint 1 slightly shorter than width of vertex, 2 nearly four times
longer than 1, 3 about one-half the length of 2. Eyes of male very large,
as long as width of vertex. Pronotum twice as wide at base as long,
disk minutely punctate, each puncture bearing a fine whitish hair.
Clavus and corium finely transversely rugose. Length, 4 — 4.4 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 5 (W. S.B.) . Sherborn, Mass., Sept.
20 (Frost). Aberdeen, N. Car., June 6 (Brimley). Recorded
only from Connecticut and Colorado.

1049 ( — ). Plagiognathus rosicola Knight, 1923, 446.

Color as in o of key, clothed with yellowish pubescence; scutellum
and disk of cuneus slightly darker than pronotum; membrane a nearly
uniform fuscous, a pale spot near apex of cuneus, veins paler; legs straw-
yellow tinged with brownish, femora with two rows of prominent black
spots on front face, and some less distinct spots on hind one, black spots
at base of tibial spines prominent; sternum piceous, ventrals brownish-
yellow, genital segments blackish. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? black, their

936 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^.

tips narrowly pale, 1 almost as long as width of vertex, 2 four and three-
fifth times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 nearly three-fourths as long
as 2, more than twice as long as 4. Length, 4.3 — 4.5 mm.

Recorded from Maryland, Illinois and Missouri. Occurs on
wild roses.

1050 ( — ). Plagiognathus fulvidus Knight, 1923, 447.

Fulvo-testaceous, clothed with rather fine yellow pubescence; entire
under surface black, often with a reddish tinge; membrane fuscous, veins
yellowish; legs yellowish, base of hind coxae fuscous, hind femora with
one or two rows of fuscous spots on front face, knees black, spots of
tibial spines small. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae black, 1 two-thirds as long
as width of vertex, 2 four times as long as 1 ; 3 pale fuscous, black at
base, two-thirds the length of 2; 4 fuscous, three-fifths as long as 3.
Length, 3.5 — 4 mm.

Recorded from Connecticut, New Jersey and North Carolina.

1051 ( — ). Plagiognathus atricornis Knight, 1926, 9.

Pale greenish-testaceous, clothed with pale yellowish pubescence;
pronotum green, calli yellowish; elytra sub-translucent; membrane and
veins uniformly pale fuscous, a small opaque whitish spot near apex of
large cell; legs pale, femora with two rows of blackish spots on front
face, black spots of tibial spines distinct. Joint 1 of antennae almost as
long as width of vertex, 2 slightly more than four times as long as 1, 3
two-thirds as long as 2, 4 one-half the length of 3. Beak reaching hind
margins of middle coxae. Length, 3.4 — 3.6 mm.

Known only from Point Trevioton, Pa. Resembles P. chrysan-
themi (Wolff), but antennae black and pubescence pale.

1052 (1234). Plagiognathus blatchleyi Reuter, 1912a, 61.

Elongate-oval. Pale greenish-yellow fading to dull yellow, thickly
clothed with conspicuous yellow inclined hairs; tylus piceous-brown;
membrane pale brown, its center and veins yellowish; legs yellow, femora
with two rows of brown dots on both inner and outer faces: tibiae with
extreme base and apex, spines and their basal spots, black; tarsi fuscous-
brown. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dark brown, their extreme tips pale;
3 and 4 pale fuscous ; 1 three-fourths as long as width of vertex, 2 about
four times as long as 1, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 one-half as long
as 3. Beak reaching hind coxae. Disk of pronotum about two-thirds
wider at base than long, calli rather prominent, transverse impression
behind them deep, area behind it minutely thickly punctate. Scutellum
and clavus finely, transversely strigose. Corium minutely and shaHowly
punctate, the costal margins feebly but visibly curved. Length, 4.5 —
4.7 mm.

Marion, Starke, Vigo and Crawford counties, Ind., June 17 —
Sept. 18. Taken in numbers June 22, 1892, in Vigo County from
the foliage of the swamp rose, Rosa Carolina L. Specimens were

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^E. 937

soon afterward sent to Prof. Uhler, who named them "Macro-
tylus blatchleyi Uhl. (Ms.)." However, he never published the
description and Van Duzee later sent specimens from Ham-
burg, N. Y., to Dr. Reuter, who described it twenty years after
my first specimens were taken. In his notes preceding- the
description Reuter states : "Unter dem Namen Macrotylus
blatchleyi Uhl. mscr., habe ich aus Nordamerika eine bisher un-
beschriebene Miride bekommen. Diese ist jedoch gar kein
Macrotylus, sondern gehort zur Gattung Plagiognathus Fieb." Re-
corded only from Maine, Massachusetts, New York and New
Jersey.

1053 ( — ). Plagiognathus nubilus Knight, 1923, 444.

Dull greenish-yellow with fuscous markings as in key; sparsely
clothed with yellow hairs; head except tylus and front half of pronotum
brighter green ; basal half of pronotum either with three or four fuscous
stripes or wholly fuscous; scutellum, embolium and cuneus a uniform
paler yellow than corium; membrane dark fuscous, paler bordering veins
and near tips of cuneus; femora with brown dots as in blatchleyi, also
with a brown line on upper face and a shorter one on inner apical half
of lower face. Structural characters much as in blatchleyi, the relative
lengths of antennal joints slightly greater. Length, 4.2 — 4.5 mm.

Marion and Knox counties, Ind., July 5 — Sept. 18. Swept
from herbage in dense woodland along streams. The known
range extends from New York west to Indiana and southward
to Virginia. Described as a variety of blatchleyi but the much
more sparse vestiture, fuscous markings of upper surface and
dark stripes on femora lead me to place it as a distinct species.

1054 ( — ). Plagiognathus brevirostris Knight, 1923, 441.

Black, clothed with prominent yellowish pubescence; elytra with pale
markings as in key; membrane fuscous, paler bordering tip of cuneus,
veins yellowish; femora black, their tips, and sometimes base, pale;
tibiae dull yellow, knees, spines and spots at base, black; under surface
black. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? black, 1 almost as long as width of
vertex, 2 four times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 two-thirds the
length of 2, nearly twice as long as 4. Female shorter and more robust
than male, the pale color along claval suture spreading over outer margin
of clavus; legs more broadly pale. Length, 4 — 4.6 mm.

Spruce Brook, Newfoundland, Aug. 9 (Minn. Univ. Coll.) .
Ranges from there and New England west to New York and
Michigan.

1055 ( — ) . Plagiognathus alboradialis Knight, 1923, 439.

Black or fuscous-black, clothed with grayish-yellow pubescence;
scutellum brownish on basal angles, rarely yellowish with median line

938 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,£.

black. Elytra with pale markings as in key; membrane uniformly fus-
cous, male, veins and a vague spot near cuneus pale, female; legs pale to
yellowish, femora with two rows of black spots on both inner and outer
faces; under surface black with pale pubescence. Joints 1 and 2 of
antennae black, 2 narrowly pale at tip; 1 as long as width of vertex, 2
slightly more than four times the length of 1, twice as long as width of
head across eyes; 3 and 4 pale fuscous, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, nearly
twice as long as 4. Female more robust and more broadly pale than
male, pronotal disk broadly pale. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Starke Co., Ind., June 18 (W.S.B.). Cranberry Lake, N.
Y., July 20 — 23 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). The recorded range ex-
tends from Ontario, and New England west to Ithaca, N. Y.,
mainly in the mountainous regions.

Group C. — Plagiognathus.

To this group, as defined in the key, belong 15 species and
five varieties of our eastern forms. The varieties are mere
color forms, but as the key is based mainly on color characters,
they are included in order that the student may be less con-
fused in the naming of his species.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF GROUP C, PLAGIOGXATHUS.

a. Scutellum and often the whole upper surface black.
b. Elytra uniformly brownish translucent; pronotum and scutellum
black. 1056. suffuscipennis.

bb. Elytra uniformly black or blackish with pale.

c. Cuneus pale or reddish, basal third or more of corium pale.

d. Hind femora black, their tips only pale. 1057. albonotatus.

dd. Hind femora dull yellow with two rows of conspicuous black dots
on outer face and one on inner.
e. Cuneus red; base of corium tinged with reddish.

1057a. var. tinctus.
ee. Cuneus pale yellowish translucent; base of corium not tinged
with reddish. 1058. debilis.

cc. Cuneus chiefly black; basal angles of corium not or scarcely pale.
/. Femora pale or fulvous, usually spotted with black.
g. Hind femora with two rows of pi*ominent black spots on front
face; joint 1 of antennae black, narrowly pale at tip; beak
reaching middle of hind coxae.
h. Joint 2 of antennae in both sexes shorter than width of prono-
tum at base; length, 3.3 — 3.8 mm.
?'. Cuneus uniformly black like the corium; length, 3.6 — 3.8 mm.

1059. PUNCTATIPES.

ii. Cuneus narrowly pale at base; length, 3.3 mm.

1060. DISPAR.

hh. Joint 2 of antennae longer than, male, or equal to, female,
width of pronotum at base; length, 3.8 — 4 mm.

1061. INOPINUS.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^l. 939

gg. Hind femora pale, a single black spot on lower margin near
apex; joint 1 of antennae pale, blackish at base, joint 2 with
basal fourth black; beak reaching first ventral.

1062. DAVISI.
//. Femora black, their tips alone pale.

j. Cuneus with a pale lunule at base; joint 2 of antenna? with
basal one-fourth black; membrane uniformly fuscous.

1042b. politus var. pallidicornis.
jj. Cuneus uniformly black like the corium; joint 2 of antennas pale
yellow, narrowly black at base, its tip dusky; form suboval;
deep black, strongly shining. 1063. flavicornis.

to. Scutellum pale or fulvous, sometimes dark brownish, frequently
with median line blackish, but with basal angles pale; elytra more
or less pale, in darkest forms brownish-black, but always some-
what translucent.
k. Upper surface uniformly greenish-yellow, clothed with prominent
black pubescence; antenna? with base of joints 1 and 2 and a
ring before apex of 1, black. 1064. chrysanthemi.

kk. Upper surface darkened or marked with fuscous, pubescence pale;
antennae not marked as in k.
1. Joint 2 of antennae uniformly pale, sometimes narrowly dusky

at base, joint 1 black; femora with black spots.
m. Scutellum and cuneus wholly pale. 1065. albatus.

mm. Median line of scutellum and apical half of cuneus blackish.

1065a. var. vittiscutis.
//. Joint 2 of antennae black or fuscous at base.
n. Scutellum uniformly colored, or with median line paler than
basal angles.
o. Femora pale or fulvous, with rows of distinct black spots; scutel-
lum uniformly pale or with median line pale and basal angles
dark; color rosy pink or fulvous tinged with dark brown.

1066. DELICATUS.

oo. Femora, except tips, dark with black spots vague; scutellum

usually wholly dark fuscous-brown, similar to the whole upper

surface. 1067. cornicola.

nn. Scutellum with median line blackish, the sides pale or fulvous.

p. Cuneus uniformly pale.

q. Beak not reaching tips of middle coxae; propleura clothed

only with slender hairs ; femora distinctly spotted with black.

1068. REPLETUS.

qq. Beak reaching hind coxae; propleura clothed with silky pubes-
cence; apical half of femora black without distinct spots.

1057b. ALBONOTATUS var. COMPAR.

pp. Cuneus fulvous or blackish toward apex.

r. Beak reaching first ventral ; basal half of corium and more or
less broadly each side of claval suture white; pale areas
never fuscous, dark ones distinctly black. 1069. similis.

rr. Beak not reaching beyond middle of hind coxae.

940 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID>£.

s. Elytra, except along base of radial vein, dark brown or fusco-
brownish; general color yellowish-testaceous to fulvous;
sides of pronotum and median line of scutellum dark brown
or fuscous. 1070. cary^e.

ss. Elytra black; outer half of clavus, basal half of corium and
extending along claval suture to apex, pale translucent.

1068a. repletus var. apicatus.

1056 ( — ). Plagiognathus suffuscipennis Knight, 1923, 454.

Dark brown, shining; sparsely pubescent with very fine yellowish
hairs; pronotum and scutellum blackish-brown; membrane pale fuscous-
brown, veins yellowish; legs dull yellow, coxae except tips, fuscous; femora
usually with two rows of minute dark spots on inner and outer faces;
under surface dark brown to blackish, shining, clothed with very fine
yellowish prostrate hairs. Joint 1 of antenna? dark brown, narrowly
paler at base and apex, two-thirds as long as width of vertex; 2 dusky
yellow, darker at base, three and a half times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4
yellowish, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Pronotum
twice as wide at base as long, calli large, low, confluent, disk minutely
transversely rugose. Clavus more coarsely, transversely rugose, corium
almost smooth. Length, 3.2 — 3.4 mm.

Recorded only from Maine and Minnesota. Host plant, black
spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.).

1057 ( — ). Plagiognathus albonotatus Knight, 1923, 437.

Head black, base of vertex slightly paler; pronotum black, in female
often with median pale spot; scutellum black, basal angles sometimes
pale; elytra black, the basal third and apex of embolium, corium, and
to some extent of clavus, anal ridges, and entire cuneus, greenish-yellow;
membrane uniformly fuscous, veins paler; femora, except at base and
tip, black; coxa? and tibia? pale yellow, the knees, spines and spot at base
of each, black; under surface black, ventrals of female paler on sides.
Antenna? with joint 1 and base of 2 black, remainder pale yellow; joint
1 four-fifths as long as width of vertex, 2 three and one-half times longer
than 1, 3 two-thirds as long as 2, 4 two-thirds the length of 3. Prono-
tum almost twice as wide at base as long, sides and basal margin straight,
calli distinct, confluent, disk, as well as that of scutellum, minutely
granulate. Elytra and pronotum sparsely clothed with fine yellowish
suberect hairs ; costal margins of former feebly but visibly curved.
Length, 3.3 — 3.5 mm.

Porter Co., Ind., Sept. 26. Ranges from New England west
to the Dakotas and Colorado. Occurs on the meadow-sweet,
Spircea salicifolia L. Knight (loc. cit.) described two color
varieties, tinctus and compar, distinguished by the characters
given in key. The former occurs in the east* ranging south to
North Carolina, the latter he records only from Maine and New
York.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^. 941

1058 ( — ). Plagiognathus debilis sp. nov.

Greenish-yellow, thickly clothed above with conspicuous inclined yel-
lowish hairs; tylus, cheeks and lone dark brown, shining; pronotum
wholly fuscous-black, male, front half only fuscous-black, female; scutel-
lum of the same hue, its extreme tip pale; inner half of clavus and a
large ill-defined spot on inner apical half of corium more or less fus-
cous; cuneus and embolium pale yellowish-translucent, the former rarely
with a vague median fuscous spot; membrane fuscous, veins yellowish;
legs dull yellow; hind femora with black dots as in dd of key; front and
middle femora each with two rows of small vague brown dots ; tibiae
with conspicuous black spots at base of spines; third joint of tarsi and
claws fuscous; under surface blackish-bronzed, shining. Joint 1 of an-
tenna? black, three-fifths as long as width of vertex, its apical incisure
yellow; 2 dull yellow, basal sixth black, apex dusky, three and half times
as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, 3 one-half as long as 2, 4 two-fifths
the length of 3. Beak reaching apex of middle coxa?. Length, 3.5 —
3.7 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 16 — July 15. Frequent on the sand-
bar willow, Salix fluviatilis Nutt.

1059 ( — ). Plagiognathus punctatipes Knight, 1923, 450.

Black, moderately shining, clothed with grayish- or pale yellowish
pubescence; membrane uniformly fuscous, veins paler; legs pale yellow
to fulvous, coxa? fuscous, hind femora with spots as in g of key, spots at
base of tibial spines small, obsolete toward apex; under surface fuscous-
black, clothed with very fine pale pubescence. Joint 1 of antenna? black,
two-thirds as long as width of vertex; 2, yellowish, basal sixth blackish,
four times as long as 1; 3 pale yellowish, two-thirds as long as 2; 4
dusky, three-fifths the length of 3. Beak reaching middle of hind coxa?.
Length, 3.6 — 3.8 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., June 27 {Minn. Univ. Coll.) . Recorded only
from there and Bloomfield, Pa.

1060 (— ). Plagiognathus dispar Knight, 1923, 451.

Fuscous-black, thinly yellowish pubescent; vertex yellowish; cuneus
as in key; membrane pale fuscous, paler at middle and near apex of
cuneus, veins yellowish to dusky; legs straw-yellow, hind coxa?, except
tips, fuscous; front face of hind femora with two rows of minute fus-
cous spots, a group of similar spots on apical third of posterior face,
spots at base of tibial spines very small; under surface black, fine'y
pubescent. Antenna? as in punctatipes, joint 1 three-fourths as long as
width of vertex. Length, 3.3 — 3.5 mm.

Dixon, 111., May 31 (///. Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.). Ranges from
southern New England west to Michigan and Illinois, occurring
on hickory. Described as a variety of punctatipes, but afterward
(1926, 11) raised by Knight to specific rank on account of
slight differences in male genitalia.

942 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

1061 ( — ). Plagiognathus inopinus Knight, 1926, 11.

Dark brownish-black, clothed with yellowish pubescence; base of
vertex and side margins of mesoscutum dull yellow; tip of embolium and
inner basal angles of cuneus pale; membrane fuscous, veins and area
along tip of cuneus paler; legs straw-yellow, femora with black spots as
in dispar, black spots at base of tibial spines larger. Joint 1 of anten-
na? two-thirds as long as width of vertex; 2 yellow, fuscous at base, four
and two-thirds times as long as 1 ; 3 yellowish to dusky, two-thirds as
long as 2, 4 dusky, nearly three-fifths as long as 3. Length, 3.8 — 4 mm.

Known only from Harrisburgh, Pa., where it was taken in
June on sycamore.

1062 ( — ). Plagiognathus davisi Knight, 1923, 452.

Black or brownish-black, clothed with erect, rather sparse yellowish
hairs ; membrane brownish-fuscous, veins and narrow area bordering
tip of cuneus paler; legs yellowish, apical third of front femora with a
dark line on upper face, hind femora as in key, tarsi yellowish, third
joint fuscous; under surface brownish-black. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae
as in key, 1 two-thirds as long as width of vertex, 2 three and a fourth
times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 yellowish, dusky at base, 3 about three-
fifths the length of 2, but little longer than 4.

Known from a single female taken June 20 by W. T. Davis
on Pine Island, N. Y.

1063 ( — ). Plagiognathus flavicornis Knight, 1923, 436.

Deep black, strongly shining, clothed with yellowish to dusky pubes-
cence; membrane and veins wholly dark fuscous; femora as in key, tibiae
pale, knees and spots at base of spines black; sternum black, opaque,
ventrals shining black. Joint 1 of antennae black, its tip pale, three-
fourths as long as width of vertex; 2 as in key, as long as width of base
of pronotum; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 nearly three-fourths the length of 2,
4 two-thirds as long as 3. Beak scarcely reaching hind margin of middle
coxae. Mesoscutum broadly exposed. Scutellum minutely transversely
rugose. Female more robust than male. Costal margins distinctly
curved, elytra much broader just in front of cuneus than at base. Length,
3.3—3.5 mm.

Sun Lake, III., Aug. 9 (///. Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.). A species of
the Transition Life Zone, ranging from Ontario and New Eng-
land west to Illinois and Minnesota. Host plants, the sweet
fern, Comptonia peregrina (L.), and sweet gale, Myrica gale L.

1064 ( — ). Plagiognathus chrysanthemi (Wolff), 1804, 151.

Elongate, subparallel, male, more oval, female. Greenish-yellow to
grayish-green, clothed with prominent inclined blackish hairs, pronotum
usually a clearer green; membrane pale fuscous, iridescent, a white
triangular area near apex of cuneus and a small subquadrate black spot
near apex of small cell; legs greenish-yellow, front face of femora with

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^. 943

two or three rows of black spots, black spots of tibiae large; ventrals
greenish-yellow. Antennae yellowish, joint 1 with black rings as in key,
shorter than head ; 2 black at base, three times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4
filiform, 3 two-thirds the length of 2, 4 two-fifths as long as 3. Beak
reaching second ventral. Length, 3.8 — 4.3 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., June 30 (Minn. Univ. Coll.) . Chalfont and Mus-
well Hill, England, July — August (British. Mus. Coll.) . A Euro-
pean species known in this country from Ontario, New Eng-
land and New York. Host plant the oxeye daisy, Chrysanthe-
mum leucanthemum L. As already noted, American records have
mostly been under the name Oncotylus punctipes Reut.

1065 (1237). Plagiognathus albatus Van Duzee, 1915, 116.

Pale greenish-translucent, rather thickly clothed with whitish hairs;
tylus and cheeks piceous; sides, or at least the basal angles, of pronotum,
inner half or more of clavus and inner apical half of corium, strongly
tinged with fuscous ; membrane pale translucent with cells and ray along
the margins dusky; hind femora with two rows of small vague blackish
dots on outer face, tibia? with black spots at base of spinules very small,
apical half of tarsi and tip of beak fuscous; under surface yellow, female;
ventrals and sterna black, male. Joint 1 of antennae black, pale at tip,
two-thirds as long as width of vertex ; 2 and 3 yellow, 2 three and a half
times longer than 1, 3 two-fifths the length of 2; 4 dusky, one-third as
long as 3. Pronotum nearly twice as wide at base as long, sides feebly
sinuate, hind margin almost straight, calli large, contiguous; disk, as
well as that of clavus, and corium very minutely punctate, each puncture
bearing a fine whitish hair. Length, 4 — 4.2 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., June 26. Dunedin, Fla., April 13; swept
from low herbage along the margin of a moist hammock ;
the first records for both states. Not before recorded south of
the District of Columbia. Ranges from New England west to
California. Knight (1923, 445) gives the sycamore, Platanus
occidcntalis L., as the host plant. He there describes two va-
rieties, one of which, vittiscutis, is a mere color form found on
butternut and distinguished only by characters given in key.
The other, si mil is, I regard as a valid species, and it is described
below.

1066 (1230). Plagiognathus delicatus (Uhler), 1887a, 34.

Pale brownish-yellow, often with a pinkish tinge; front of head each
side with a short fuscous stripe; calli sometimes blackish or bordered
behind by an impressed fuscous line; scutellum as in key; elytra tinged
with fuscous-brown; cuneus with base and margins paler than the red-
dish disk; membrane dusky hyaline, a median area and spot each side
near tip of cuneus whitish; legs dull yellow, femora as in key; tibial
spines and spots at base and tips of tarsi blackish; ventrals dark brown,

944 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

sometimes reddish-yellow. Joint 1 of antennae fuscous, pale at tip, two-
thirds as long as width of vertex; 2 brownish-yellow, fuscous at base, one-
fourth longer than pronotum; 3 and 4 dusky, 3 three-fifths as long as
2, 4 two-thirds the length of 3. Beak reaching upon hind coxa?. Prono-
tum very feebly punctate, clavus rather coarsely so. Length, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Batavia, N. Y., June 25 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Described from
Georgia. Recorded from New Jersey, Kansas and California.
Occurs on honey locust, Gleditsia triacanthos L.

1067 ( — ). Plagiognathus cornicola Knight, 1923, 450.

Dark reddish- or fuscous-brown, thickly clothed with rather coarse
semiprostrate yellow hairs; vertex in part, anal ridges, edge of costal
margin and tip of embolium paler; membrane pale brownish translucent,
veins yellowish; femora dark brown, their tips yellow; coxa? and tibiae
dull yellow; under surface shining brown, sides of ventrals in part paler.
Joint 1 of antenna? and basal third of 2 dark brown to blackish; 1
slightly more than half as long as width of vertex; 2 nearly four times
longer than 1, its apical two-thirds dull yellow; 3 and 4 pale fuscous, 3
nearly three-fourths as long as 2, 4 three-fifths the length of 3. Prono-
tum twice as wide at base as long, minutely and sparsely punctate.
Length, 3.2—3.7 mm.

Marion and Vigo counties, Ind., June 3 — 15 ; beaten from
dogwood, Conius alternifolia L. Recorded from Massachusetts,
New York and Virginia. Host plants, various species of Cornus.

1068 ( — ). Plagiognathus repletus Knight, 1923, 449.

Head black, paler on vertex; pronotum black, middle of disk and
area between and in front of calli pale yellow; scutellum as in nn of key;
elytra black, margins of clavus, basal third and line along claval suture
of corium, embolium, cuneus and anal ridge, yellowish translucent; mem-
brane fuscous, narrow area near tip of cuneus hyaline, veins pale yel-
low; legs straw-yellow, hind coxa? fuscous, apical half of hind femora
brownish and with two rows of black spots; tibia? with knees, spines and
spots at their base black, tarsi fuscous ; ventrals brownish-black. Joint
1 of antenna? black, its tip yellowish, three-fourths as long as width of
vertex; 2 yellowish, basal fourth blackish, five and a third times the
length of 1 ; 3 yellowish, fuscous at base, nearly one-half as long as 2;
4 dusky-yellow, as long as width of vertex. Length, 3.9 mm.

The typical form is known only from Batavia, N. Y. ; the
variety a pica I is Knight, as differentiated in .« of key, from
Connecticut and New York.

1069 (— ). Plagiognathus similis Knight, 1923, 445.

Greenish-yellow, thinly clothed with yellowish hairs; tylus, cheeks
and lora? dark brown ; pronotum with middle of disk and area in front
of calli greenish-yellow, remainder dark brown ; mesoscutum, broad
median stripe of scutellum, inner half or all of clavus, a large spot on

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^. 945

apical half of corium and embolium, and spot on apical half of cuneus,
dark brown; membrane with cells and a submarginal stripe on apical
half brown, remainder of apical half and veins pale; hind femora dull
yellow, with two rows of dark spots, front and middle femora with rows
of smaller spots; under surface chestnut-brown, shining, the sides of
ventrals in part pale. Joint 1 of antenna? black, its tip pale, two-thirds
as long as width of vertex; 2 pale yellow, basal fourth black, three and
a half times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 yellowish, 3 two-thirds the length of
2, 4 five-eighths as long as 1. Pronotum twice as wide at base as long,
calli large and low, separated by an impressed line; disk minutely punc-
tate. Length, 3.5 — 3.8 mm.

Marshall Co., Ind., June 11 ; beaten from its host plant, Alnus
incana (L.). Described as a variety of albatus Van D.

1070 ( — ) . Plagiognathus cary^e Knight, 1923, 448.

Color as in key, clothed with fine pale yellow pubescence; tylus and
lower half of face fuscous; pronotum dark brown, middle of disk and calli
more or less yellowish; scutellum brownish-yellow, median stripe and
mesoscutum brownish-black; elytra as in key, basal half of embolium,
anal ridges and inner basal angle of cuneus yellowish-translucent; mem-
brane fuscous, veins yellowish, small spot near apex of cuneus whitish;
legs straw-yellow tinged with dusky, femora often with two rows of small
vague black spots on front face; ventrals fusco-yellowish. Joint 1 of
antennae black, its tip pale, three-fourths as long as width of vertex; 2
yellowish with fuscous ring at base, the apex dusky, four and two-fifths
times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, 3 three-fifths as long as 2,
4 three-fifths the length of 3. Length, 3.4 — 3.9 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., June 22 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded else-
where from Batavia, N. Y., and Agricultural College, Miss.
Occurs on hickory and pecan.

V. Microsynamma Fieber, 1864, 74.

Elongate-oval species having the head feebly exserted, twice
as wide across eyes as long, its front pointed, subvertical ; ver-
tex convex, its crest almost level with upper margin of eyes;
beak reaching hind coxae ; antennae shorter than body ; eyes
large, prominent ; pronotum trapezoidal, nearly twice as wide
at base as long, sides straight, disk slightly declivent forward,
hind margin straight ; elytra entire, slightly surpassing abdo-
men, clavus convex, deflected to corium, cuneus and membrane
slightly deflexed ; femora rather stout, hind ones flattened on
sides. One introduced European species occurs in the eastern
states.

1071 ( — ). Microsynamma bohemanni (Fallen), 1829, 106.

Fuscous-brown, shining, clothed with short yellow hairs; head with
base of vertex and a streak along inner side of each eye yellowish; disk

946 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

of pronotum and scutellum often with a yellowish median line; mesc-
scutum with basal angles dull yellow; clavus with inner margin some-
times narrowly black, basal half of claval suture pale; basal third of
corium and line extended back along claval suture, dull yellow; cuneus
brown, basal fourth or more pale; membrane pale brownish-hyaline,
slightly iridescent, inner cell and margin of outer one darker brown,
veins whitish; coxae pale yellowish, femora piceous-brown, extreme base
and tips pale; tibia? dull yellow, the dark spots at base of spines distinct;
tarsi yellowish, third joint and claws brown; ventrals black or dark
brown, shining. Antennae fuscous-brown, tip of joint 1 narrowly pale;
joint 1 clavate, two-thirds as long as width of vertex, 2 slightly thickened
toward apex, three times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 filiform, 3 two-thirds the
length of 2, 4 one-half as long as 3. Length, 3.2 — 3.7 mm.

Honeoye Falls, N. Y., June 27 (Minn, Unit: Coll.). Deal, Eng-
land (British Mus. Coll.). Known in this country from New-
foundland, Vermont, New York, Michigan and Colorado. Breeds
on willow.

VI. Chlamydatus Curtis, 1833, 197.

Small oblong or oblong-oval species having the head slightly
broader than and contiguous with apex of pronotum, its front
subvertical ; eyes large, widely separated ; vertex convex, ob-
tusely margined at base ; beak reaching or surpassing middle
coxae ; antennae about two-thirds the length of body, joint 1
half as long as width of vertex, 2 three times longer than 1 ; 3
and 4 more slender, 3 two-thirds as long as 2, 4 three-fifths the
length of 3 ; pronotum trapezoidal, twice as wide at base as
long, sides and hind margin straight, disk convex, feebly de-
clivent forward ; mesoscutum narrowly exposed ; scutellum tri-
angular, equilateral ; elytra usually entire, surpassing abdomen ;
hind femora stout, saltatorial ; joint 2 of hind tarsi shorter than
3, 1 two-thirds as long as 2.

Three species occur in our territory. They were formerly
mostly recorded under the generic name Agalliastes Fieb.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CHLAMYDATUS.

a. Front and middle femora wholly pale; hind ones black; length, 2.5

mm. 1072. associatus.

ad. All the femora in part or wholly fuscous or black; tibiae pale to dull

yellow.

b. Femora black, their tips only pale; spines of tibiae without a dark

spot at base; length, 2.3 mm. 1073. SUAVis.

bb. Apical third or more of femora pale; spines of tibia? each with a

distinct dark spot at base; length, 2.8 mm. 1074. pulicarius.

Fig. 190, X 12. (After Forbes).

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLI1NLE. 947

1072 (1260). Chlamydatus associatus (Uhler), 1872, 419.

Oblong, subparallel, male; suboval, female. Black or fuscous-black,
shining, sparsely clothed with fine black, suberect hairs; membrane dusky
translucent, feebly iridescent, joints 1 and 2 of antenna? black, 3 and 4

and sometimes apex of 2 dusky yel-
low; front and hind coxa?, hind
femora except tips and spines of
tibia? black; remainder of legs pale
yellow; tips of tarsi and beak pice-
ous. Beak reaching tips of hind
coxa?. Front of pronotum less nar-
rowed and calli more distinct than
in our other two species. Length,
2.5 mm. (Fig. 190).

Marion and Putnam coun-
ties, Ind., May 22— Oct. 5 ; fre-
quent locally on both great
and common ragweeds, flowers
of Cratagus, etc. (W.S.B.).
Swannanoa, N. Car., Oct. 5
(Brimley). Ranges from Que-
bec and New England west to the Pacific and southwest to
North Carolina, Texas and New Mexico. Forbes (1900, 88) re-
ports it as somewhat injurious to sugar beets. The elytra in
some specimens taken in early summer are more fuscous-brown
and more thickly pubescent with grayish hairs than those of
later dates.

1073 (1259). Chlamydatus suavis (Reuter), 1876, 92.

Smaller and more oval than associatus. Color much the same; all
the coxa? and femora black; tibia? dull yellow to fuscous, their spines
black, and, as in associatus, without spots at base; antenna? sometimes
wholly fuscous-black, more often with apical half of joint 2 and all of 3
and 4 dusky yellow. Pronotum with front narrower and calli less evident
than in associatus. Length, 2 — 2.3 mm.

Marion, Knox and Posey counties, Ind., Aug. 19 — Sept. 22;
swept from roadside herbage. Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 20 — April
4 ; swept from ferns along the margins of hammocks. Raleigh
and Hendersonville, N. Car., June — July (Brimley). Ranges
from Ontario and New York west to Kansas and southwest to
Florida, Texas and California. Host plant, ragweed.

1074 (1258). Chlamydatus pulicarius (Fallen), 1807, 95.

Oblong-oval. Fuscous-black, sparsely clothed with short grayish or
yellowish hairs; membrane and veins uniformly blackish, iridescent;

948 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID>£.

tibiae and tarsi pale, joint 3 of tarsi and claws black; ventrals black. An-
tennae with joint 2 except tip and base of 1, black, remainder pale brown-
ish-yellow. Female more robust than male, with legs and antennae more
broadly pale; sometimes brachypterous, then broadly oval with elytra
reaching only to tip of abdomen, the membrane very short. Length, 2.8 —
3 mm.

Rock Creek, N. Y., July 4 (Minn. (7ui:: Coll.). Donau-Aubei,
Wien (British Mus. Coll.). A European species, known in this
country only from New York, where it breeds on plantain.
Occurs in Europe on dwarf willow.

VII. Campylomma Reuter, 1878, 52.

Differs from Chlamydatus chiefly by the characters given in
the generic key. One species is known.

1075 (1267). Campylomma verdasci (Meyer), 1843, 70.

Oblong-oval. Pale greenish- or straw-yellow clothed with suberect
dusky pubescence; tylus often black; head, mesoscutum and base of scu-
tellum tinged with reddish-yellow, disk of cuneus pale brownish ; mem-
brane uniformly dusky hyaline; under surface blackish-brown; legs yel-
lowish, femora and tibia? spotted with black. Antennae dull yellow, apical
half or less of joint 1 and narrow base of 2 black, the relative length of
the joints nearly as in Chlamydatus. Length, 2.5 — 2.9 mm.

Le Sueur Co., Minn., Sept. 13 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Payerbach,
Austria (British Mus. Coll.). A European species recorded in
this country from Quebec, Ontario, New England, New York
and British Columbia. Host plant, mullein, Verbascum thapsus
L. Occurs also on apple, where it feeds on the honey dew of
aphids.

VIII. Leucopcecila Reuter, 1907b, 24.

Small oblong or wedge-shaped shining species having the
head broader across eyes than apex of pronotum, its front ver-
tical, vertex flat, not margined ; eyes large, overlapping and
contiguous with front angles of pronotum ; beak reaching or
slightly surpassing hind coxae; pronotum short and wide, base
but little wider than vertex, hind angles prominent, slightly
nodulose, base broadly and shallowly concave, calli indistinct ;
mesoscutum broadly exposed ; elytra entire, distinctly surpass-
ing abdomen, male, slightly so, female ; membrane long and nar-
row, cuneus horizontal ; hind femora short, stout ; hind tibiae
long, slender, without black spots; joints 2 and 3 of hind tarsi
subequal, 1 shorter. One species is known.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLINI. 949

1076 (1249). Leucopcecila albofasciata Reuter, 1907b, 26.

Male — Oblong, narrowed behind. Head, pronotum and seutellum
black or very dark brown, shining; elytra pale yellow, sparsely pubescent
with inclined yellowish hairs; costal margin and outer apical third of
corium, base and apex of clavus, and cuneus except narrowly at base,
dark brown ; basal half and veins of membrane yellowish translucent,
apical half fuscous; femora dark brown, their tips yellow; tibiae dull
yellow, hind ones darker at base; tarsi piceous-brown. Joint 1 of an-
tenna? stout, black, clavate or obconical, surpassing tylus by half its
length; 2 dark brown, thickly hirsute, subfusiform, compressed, grooved
beneath, about twice as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 brown, much more slender, 3
slightly longer than 2, 4 about one-fifth the length of 3. Clavus and
corium finely transversely rugose. Length, 2 — 2.2 mm. Female — Shorter
and more parallel. Antennae more slender, joint 1 but slightly surpassing
tylus, 2 slender at base, much thickened toward apex. Elytra not or but
slightly surpassing abdomen; cuneus as broad at base as long. Length,
1.5 — 1.8 mm.

Caxambus, Fla., March 8 {IV. S. B.) . Raleigh, N. Car., Sept.
4 (Brimley). A neotropical species described from Jamaica and
hitherto recorded in this country only from Bellaire, Fla. ; Penn-
sylvania and California. Wirtner (1904, 202) mentioned it,
under the name of Rhinacloa forticornis Reut., as "common in hay
fields at Greensburg, Pa., July to September; abundant in fields
where the grain has been cut." Specimens were sent by him
to Reuter, who corrected his identification. Van Duzee (1914,
31) states that near San Diego, Cal., it is "common in alfalfa
fields throughout the year."

SUBTRIBE II. — PHYLINI.

KEY TO GENERA OP SUBTRIBE II, PHYLINI.

a. Joint 2 of antenna? slender in both sexes, never exceeding the thick-
ness of joint 1.
b. Color greenish-yellow, elytra with more or less conspicuous fuscous
markings ; pseudarolia attached only at base of claw, tips free
and extending to middle of claw (pi. X, fig. 2).

IX. Reuteroscopus, p. 950.
bb. Color not as in b; pseudarolia usually minute, connate and not ex-
tending free for a space greater than base of attachment.
c. Tylus well separated from the front by a distinct suture.
d. Second antennal shorter than width of head across eyes ; tibia?
usually black, strongly spinose; form short, ovate, conspic-
uously clothed with both appressed scale-like hairs and sub-
erect pubescent ones. X. Lepidopsallus, p. 951.
dd. Second antennal as long as or longer than width of head; tibia?
usually pale, with dark spot at base of spines; form more
elongate; scale-like hairs of elytra less consoicuous.

XI. Psallus, p. 954.

950 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

cc. Tylus merged with the front, the suture separating them wanting
or very obscure; legs pale, femora not spotted; second antennal
annulate with black. XII. Cylloceps, p. 960.

an. Joint 2 of antennae more or less strongly thickened or flattened, at
least its apical half distinctly thicker than joint l.1"
e. Head distinctly produced in front of eyes; color black or fuscous-
brown clothed with conspicuous white scale-like pubescence.
/. Joint 2 of antenna? strongly swollen in male, slender in female;
elytra, including cuneus, wholly black. XIII. Criocoris, p. 960.
ff. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae strongly swollen in both sexes; elytra
fuscous-brown, cuneus with tip and a lunule at base yellowish.

XIV. Excentricus, p. 961.
ee. Head not or scarcely produced in front of eyes.

g. Beak not surpassing middle coxae; joint 2 of antennae clavate in
female, terete and much thicker in male, but slightly longer than
3 and 4 united. XV. Rhinacloa, p. 962.

gg. Beak reaching or surpassing hind coxae; joint 2 of antennae much
swollen and thickened toward apex at least in female, subequal
in length to 3 and 4 united. XVI. Atractotomus, p. 963.

IX. Reuteroscopus Kirkaldy, 1905, 268.

Small elongate-oblong, smooth pubescent species having the
head longer than wide, declivent, prolonged in front of eyes,
vertex convex, not margined at base ; eyes rather small, con-
tiguous to pronotum ; antennae slender, shorter than body, joint
1 not reaching tip of tylus ; beak reaching hind coxae; pronotum
trapezoidal, slightly longer than width of apex, base twice as
wide as apex, sides straight, base truncate, disk convex, feebly
declivent forward ; mesoscutum narrowly exposed ; elytra en-
tire, surpassing abdomen ; hind tibiae very long, their spines
black but without spots at base. Two species occur in our ter-
ritory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF REUTEROSCOPUS.

a. Femora dull yellow without fuscous spots; apex of corium with

fuscous cross-bar. 1077. ornatus.

(ki. Femora thickly flecked with small pale fuscous spots; corium with

only inner apical angle fuscous. 1078. sulphureus.

1077 (1213). Reuteroscopus ornatus (Reuter), 1876, 90.

Dull greenish-yellow, basal half of pronotum darker green; scu-
tellum, clavus and a bar across apical fourth of corium fuscous-brown
to black; membrane fuscous, veins sometimes paler; legs dull yellow, tarsi
darker; under surface greenish-yellow, genital segments often darker.
Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dull yellow, 1 three-fourths as long as width of

94Not thicker than joint 1 in female of Criocoris saliens (Reut.l nor in male of
Atractotomus magnicornis (Fall.).

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^. 951

vertex, 2 four times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, united slightly
longer than 2. Length, 3 — 3.4 mm.

Frequent throughout southern Indiana, less so in the north-
ern counties, June 10 — Sept. 13. Dunedin, Fla., Oct. 28 — April
13 (W. S. B.). Agricultural College, Miss. (Weed). Recorded
from Sanford and Crescent City, Fla. Occurs on weeds and
other low herbage along roadsides and on ferns in dense woods
and hammocks. Ranges from Ontario and New England west
to Colorado and Kansas, and southwest to Florida, Texas and
the West Indies. The older records were under the generic
name Episcopus Reut., which was preoccupied. A color variety
with outer half of clavus pale and cross-bar of corium reduced
to a spot on each, is known as variety uvidus (Dist.) . Host plant,
ragweed.

1078 (1217). Reuteroscopus sulphureus (Reuter), 1907b, 23.

Dull yellow, often with a greenish tinge; clothed with yellowish to
fuscous hairs, each arising from a minute fuscous spot, also with minute
tufts of silvery scale-like hairs arranged in rows on median line and
outer margins of head and pronotum, and disks of clavus and corium;
inner apical angles of corium, tip of clavus and spot on inner margin of
cuneus, fuscous; membrane hyaline, with minute fuscous spots near apex
and on margins just behind tip of cuneus. Length, 3.3 mm.

Rock Island, Tex., June 9 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). A neotropical
species, described from Jamaica and recorded from Estero,
Tampa and Sevenoaks, Fla., by Van Duzee and from Massa-
chusetts and Missouri by Knight. Occurs on ragweed.

X. Lepidopsallus Knight, 1923, 470.

"Form short, ovate; body clothed with closely appressed
scale-like pubescence, interspersed with more erect simple
pubescent hairs ; head broad ; antennal segment 2 in length
not equal to width of head ; tibiae strongly spinose ; claws and
pseudarolia as shown in pi. X, fig. 3." (Knight).

This genus was founded by Knight with Sthenarus rubidus
Uhl. (1895, 41), the No. 1256 of the Van Duzee Catalogue, as
the genotype. Seven species are known from the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LEPIDOPSALLUS.

a. Beak not reaching beyond hind coxae.
b. Second antennal scarcely longer than length of pronotum.
c. Larger, length, 3.2 — 3.5 mm.; joints 3 and 4 of antenna? united
slightly longer than joint 2; color black and reddish (wholly

952 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

black in var. utricolor) , embolium and cuneus usually strongly
reddish. 1079. rubidus.

cc. Smaller, length, 2.7 mm.; joints 3 and 4 of antennae united equal to
or slightly shorter than 2; color wholly black.

1080. MINUSCULUS.

bb. Second antennal as long as pronotum plus the dorsal width of an
eye; length not over 3 mm.
d. Color above black; length, 2.7 mm. 1081. olseni.

dd. Color above reddish, or yellowish tinged with fuscous.

e. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae wholly yellowish ; elytra in great part

reddish.

/. Femora dull red, paler at tips; whitish scales of upper surface

elongate. 1082. miniatus.

ff. Femora wholly pale yellow; whitish scales of upper surface oval,

conspicuous. 1083. australis.

ee. Joint 2 of antennae blackish, pale at middle, female, yellowish,

apical third fuscous, male; elytra dull yellowish-translucent,

often tinged with fuscous. 1084. pusillus.

(ki. Beak reaching or surpassing third ventral; joints 1 and 2 of antennae

pale yellowish; sides of ventrals without scale-like hairs.

1085. CLARICORNIS.

1079 (1256). Lepidopsallus rubidus (Uhler), 1895, 41.

Elongate-oval. Head, front half or more of pronotum and scutellum,
fuscous-black; elytra and basal half of pronotum varying from pale fus-
cous-brown to blackish, the base of corium usually paler; membrane uni-
formly fuscous, veins yellowish ; legs black or brownish, often in part
reddish, tibiae with prominent black spines; ventrals reddish-brown to
black, shining, thinly clothed with silvery scales. Joint 1 of antennae dark
brown, less than half as long as width of vertex; 2 reddish-yellow, dusky
at base and apex, or wholly blackish, four times as long as 1, in female
more slender with apical half more thickened than in male; 3 and 4 dusky-
yellow, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, 4 one-fifth shorter than 3. Pronotum
nearly twice as wide at base as long, disk minutely transversely wrinkled.
Elytra finely scabrous. Length, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., July 10 — 15 ; beaten from willow (W. S. B.).
Savanna, 111., July 21 — Aug. 11; taken from willows on sand-
bars (III. Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.). Recorded from Bellaire, Fla.
Ranges from New England and New York west to Kansas and
Colorado, and southwest to Florida, Texas and Cuba. Breeds
on willow. The melanistic form, var. utricolor Knight, with
scales silvery-gray, often occurs with the typical form on the
same clump of willows.

1080 (— ). Lepidopsallus minusculus Knight, 1923, 472.

Broadly oval. Black, moderately shining, the silvery scales very
prominent, truncate at apex; membrane and veins uniformly fuscous;

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^. 953

legs black, tarsi fuscous, some of the tibial spines more than twice as
long as the thickness of tibia ; ventrals black, clothed with silvery scales.
Joints 1 and 2 of antennae black, 2 cylindrical, equal in thickness to 1, one-
fifth longer than width of pronotum at base; 3 and 4 pale fuscous, 3
three-fifths as long as 2, 4 two-thirds the length of 3. Length, 2.4 —
2.6 mm.

Recorded only from White Plains, N. Y., where it was taken
July 10 by Bueno on apple.

1081 ( — ). Lepidopsallus olseni Knight, 1923, 473.

Oblong-oval, flattened above. Black with pubescence as in the
other species, the silvery scales scarcely truncate at tip ; membrane pale
fuscous, veins reddish-brown; legs black, tibiae tinged with reddish. Joint
1 of antennae one-half as long as width of vertex, 2 four times as long as
1, feebly thickened from base to apex, more slender than 1; 3 one-half
as long as 2. Length, 2.7 mm.

Described from a single female taken July 28 by Olsen at
Pigeon Cove, Mass.

1082 ( — ). Lepidopsallus miniatus Knight, 1926a, 226.

Oblong-oval. Above fuscous-brown and reddish, sparsely clothed
with conspicuous appressed scale-like hairs and finer suberect brownish
ones; head fuscous or reddish-fuscous; pronotum fuscous-brown at mid-
dle, the sides reddish; mesoscutum and scutellum reddish to fuscous;
elytra in great part fuscous-brown, cuneus and usually the apical third
or more of embolium, a clearer red; membrane pale brownish translucent,
veins reddish or yellowish; femora reddish, their apical fourth pale yel-
low; tibiae dull yellow with conspicuous black spines, coxae and tarsi fus-
cous; under surface dull yellow, ventrals tinged with reddish. Joints 1
and 2 of antennae wholly pale yellow, 3 and 4 dusky yellow; 1 very short,
scarcely one-half as long as width of vertex, 2 feebly but visibly thickened
from base to apex, four times longer than 1, 3 and 4 united one-fifth
shorter than 2, 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Pronotum twice as wide at
base as long, apex two-thirds as wide as base, disk minutely transversely
wrinkled. Costal margins of elytra broadly but distinctly curved. Length,
2.8—3 mm.

Dunedin, Ft. Myers and Hillsboro Canal, Fla., Feb. 19 —
April 8 ; beaten from foliage of live oak and wax-myrtle, sifted
from the mucky debris of an extinct wet weather pond and
swept from low herbage along the bay front. Known also from
South Carolina.

1083 ( — ). Lepidopsallus australis sp. nov.

Elongate-oval. Dull red, above thickly clothed with conspicuous,
oval appressed whitish scales, intermixed with short inclined blackish
hairs; scutellum, embolium and cuneus a somewhat brighter red; mem-

954 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDyE.

brane pale fuscous hyaline; legs wholly a pale straw-yellow, tibial spines,
third tarsal and claws blackish. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae pale yellow,
1 two-fifths as long as width of vertex; 2 feebly thickened toward apex,
four and a half times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous, 3 three-fifths the
length of 2, 4 one-half as long as 3. Tylus broad, feebly convex, the
suture at base scarcely evident. Scutellum with a distinct median con-
cavity. Length, 3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 8 ; one female taken at desk light. Allied
to miniatus but very distinct by the characters given above
and in key.

1084 ( — ) . Lepidopsallus pusillus Knight, 1926a, 227.

Oblong, sides subparallel, male, more broadly oval, female. Dull
greenish-yellow, sparsely clothed with suberect dusky hairs and scattered
appressed deciduous silvery scale-like ones; scutellum, disk of basal half
of pronotum, and often the greater part of corium, tinged with greenish-
fuscous ; line along claval suture often fuscous-brown ; membrane dusky-
hyaline, the veins slightly darker; legs dull yellow without black spots,
spines of tibiae blackish, the dark spots at base very small ; ventrals
greenish-yellow, darker on sides. Joint 1 of antennae dull yellow, only
about one-third as long as width of vertex; 2 as in key, visibly thickened
apically, female, cylindrical, with apical third only fuscous, male, four
times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky-yellow, more slender, 3 one-third longer
than 4. Beak reaching between middle coxae. Pronotum and elytra finely
scabrous. Length, 1.8 — 2.4 mm.

Dunedin, Gainesville, Canal Point, Miami and R. P. Park,
Fla., Oct. 25 — April 15. Common in autumn and spring on tall
dead grasses and other herbage along the margins of ponds and
sloughs; in winter hibernating in bunches of dead vines and
Spanish moss.

1085 ( — ). Lepidopsallus claricornis Knight, 1923, 471.

Oblong-oval. Brownish-black, the upper surface only with scale-like
pubescence; membrane and veins pale brownish; legs brownish-black, tips
of femora and coxae slightly paler; tibiae pale yellowish, their spines with-
out black spot at base, tarsi pale, tips fuscous ; under surface dark brown-
ish, clothed only with fine brownish hairs. Joint 1 of antennae pale yel-
lowish, three-fifths as long as width of vertex, 2 uniformly yellowish,
dusky-pubescent, four times as long as 1. Beak reaching base of ovi-
positor. Length, 3.1 mm.

Described from a single female taken May 29 by Davis at
Lakehurst, N. Jer.

XL Psallus Fieber, 1858, 321.

Oblong or elongate, subparallel, shining pubescent species
having the head wider across eyes than apex of pronotum, its

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLINyE. 955

front subvertical, tylus narrow, compressed, vertex feebly con-
vex, not carinate at base ; eyes large, coarsely facetted, con-
tiguous to pronotum, larger in male than female ; antennae
shorter than body, joint 2 as long as or longer than width of
base of pronotum ; beak reaching or surpassing middle coxae ;
pronotum trapezoidal, sides straight or nearly so, disk feebly
convex, declivent forward, hind margin truncate ; mesoscutum
narrowly exposed ; elytra entire, surpassing abdomen ; cuneus
feebly deflexed, its fracture weak. Twelve species have been
recorded from the eastern states. The genus, as treated, in-
cludes the two eastern species of Apocremnus Fieb., listed by
Van Duzee.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PSALLUS.

a. Femora pale, or pale with black spots but without black line on upper
margin.
b. Cuneus either red or yellow flecked with reddish dots ; femora pale
tinged with red and spotted with brown or fuscous; cuneus pale
at base; larger, length, 3.5 — 4 mm.

c. Upper surface greenish- or straw-yellow, thickly flecked with red-

dish-brown dots. 1086. GUTTULOSUS.

cc. Upper surface carmine red, more or less heavily tinged with fus-
cous. 1087. ALNICOLA.
bb. Cuneus not red or flecked with reddish dots.

d. Upper surface greenish- or yellowish-white, thickly flecked with

minute brownish or fuscous dots; femora with rows of black
dots. 1088. SERIATUS.

dd. Upper surface not greenish-yellow; femora without black dots.
e. Upper surf ace uniformly black ; femora pale. 1089. STROBICOLA.
ee. Upper surface mainly reddish-brown to piceous-black; femora
usually in great part reddish-brown. 1090. variabilis.

aa. Femora dark brown or blackish, often pale to yellowish with spots,
but then always with a dark line on upper margin.
/. Joint 2 of antennae longer than three-fourths the width of pro-
notum at base.
g. Scutellum with side margins more or less pale (if wholly black,
then cuneus pale) ; cuneus pale yellowish tinged with fuscous,
slightly infuscated at apex. 1091. alnicenatus.

gg. Scutellum wholly black; cuneus always with blackish, frequently
pale at base, but legs and elytra never tinged with fulvous.
h. Beak reaching first ventral; elytra uniformly black; femora
black, their tips pale; length, 3.6 mm. 1092. morrisoni.

hh. Beak scarcely reaching hind coxae; base of cuneus and usually
tip of embolium and spot on base of corium pale; length, 4 —
4.6 mm. 1093. parshleyi.

ff. Joint 2 of antennae equal to or shorter than three-fourths the width
of pronotum at base.

956 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

i. Second antennal just equal to width of head, female, slightly

greater, male; hind femora fusco-brownish to black, front and

middle ones more yellowish; each with two black spots on upper

margin of apical half. 1094. waldeni.

it. Second antennal distinctly longer than width of head.

j. Antenna? pale, pubescence dusky; legs dark brown or black, tibiae

and tips of femora pale, tibial spines with small fuscous spots

at base. 1095. piceicola.

jj. Antennae black, or at least joint 1 black.

k. Legs testaceous to brownish, femora sometimes nearly black, but

their tips never pale, hind pair much swollen; coxae and tibiae

more or less tinged with reddish. 1096. ancorifer.

kk. Legs chiefly black; femora black, tips of front and middle ones

pale; coxae deep black; tibiae pale, their spines with black spot

at base. 1097. drakei.

1086 (1215). Psallus GUTTULOSUS Reuter, 1876, 89.

Dull greenish-yellow, thickly sprinkled with small reddish-brown or
fuscous spots; pronotum with a vague pale median stripe; cuneus dull
yellow, usually heavily tinged with red, its extreme base pale hyaline;
membrane pale dusky brown, paler near apex of cuneus, veins yellowish;
legs greenish-yellow, femora with numerous scattered reddish-brown dots,
more conspicuous on hind ones; tibial spines black, each with a small
fuscous spot at base; under surface straw yellow; ventrals tinged with
reddish. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae pale yellow; 1 three-fourths as long
as width of vertex, 2 four times as long as 1 ; 3 dusky yellow, 4 fuscous,
the two united two-thirds the length of 2. Length, 3.5 — 3.7 mm.

Ormond, Sanford, Lake Wales, Ft. Myers and Dunedin, Fla.,
March 16 — April 6. Beaten from foliage of shrubs along the
margins of hammocks and swept from herbage along the bay
front. Recorded from Bellaire and Jacksonville, Fla. ; Georgia,
Texas, Colorado and Lower California.

1087 (— ). Psallus alnicola Douglas & Scott, 1871, 62.

Color as in key, clothed with scattered patches of long appressed
yellowish hairs; disk of pronotum with a few scattered minute fuscous
spots; tip of scutellum brownish, of clavus narrowly blackish; cuneus
carmine red, its basal margin yellowish; membrane fuscous-black,
marbled with whitish, veins reddish; legs red, apical halves of femora
dotted with black, tibiae with distinct black spots at base of spines, tarsi
brownish-yellow; ventrals piceous, genital segment red. Joint 1 of an-
tennae reddish-brown, three-fourths as long as width of vertex; 2 brown-
ish-yellow, paler toward base, three and one-half times as long as 1 ; 3 and
4 dusky, 3 two-fifths as long as 2, 4 one-half the length of 3. Length,
3 — 3.6 mm.

Cheshunt and Leominster, England, Aug. 13 — 29 (British
Mus. Coll.). A European species recorded in this country from

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^E. 957

New Hampshire, New York and Minnesota. Host plant, Alnus
rugosa (Du Roi).

1088 (1218). Psallus seriatus (Reuter), 1876, 91.

Pale greenish-yellow, thickly flecked with minute reddish-brown or
fuscous dots; head and margins of pronotum sometimes a deeper yellow;
extreme tip of cuneus often dark brown; membrane pale hyaline, the
basal half vaguely fuscous, veins yellow; legs greenish yellow, femora
dotted with fuscous; tibial spines and spots at their base black, the spots
conspicuous; tarsi fuscous; under surface straw-yellow, finely pubes-
cent. Joints 1 and 2 of antennas yellow, dotted with black; 1 two-thirds
as long as width of vertex; 2 four times longer than 1, nearly as stout,
male, more slender, female; 3 and 4 fuscous, much more slender, united
slightly shorter than 2. Pronotum more than twice as wide at base as
long; calli rather prominent, well separated; disk, as well as that of
elytra, with suberect black hairs intermixed with very fine prostrate ones.
Length, 2.5—2.8 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 28 — April 16 ; swept from grasses along
the margins of hammocks and ponds (W.S.B.). Claremont,
Cal. (Gerhard). Recorded from Sevenoaks, Tampa and Atlan-
tic Beach, Fla. Ranges from Maryland southwest to Arizona
and from Colorado to the Pacific. The Claremont specimens
are smaller, paler, with fewer dots on antenna? and smaller ones
on hind femora than those from Florida.

1089 (— ). Psallus strobicola Knight, 1923, 467.

Fuscous-black, clothed with closely appressed silvery-gray hairs
mixed with suberect dusky ones ; membrane and veins uniformly fus-
cous; legs yellow, coxa? blackish, paler at tips; tibial spines black, with-
out black spots at base. Antennae yellow, joint 1 one-half as long as
width of vertex, 2 five and three-fifth times as long as 1, 3 two-thirds the
length of 2, 4 three-fifths as long as 3. Beak reaching first ventral.
Length, 3.1 — 3.5 mm.

St. Anthony Park, Minn., July 14 (Minn. Univ. Coll.) . Re-
corded elsewhere only from Quebec and New York. Breeds on
white pine, Pinus strobus L.

1090 (1244). Psallus variabilis (Fallen), 1807, 88.

Head dull yellow to black; antennae straw-yellow, base of joint 1
black; pronotum and scutellum usually black or brownish-black; elytra
variable, reddish-yellow to piceous, corium in dark specimens with outer
half dark brown, tinged with reddish ; cuneus reddish-brown or black, its
base narrowly pale; membrane fuscous, iridescent, often with a vague
curved pale streak at middle, a white mark between cells and tip of
cuneus, basal half of outer cell white, veins brown; legs reddish-brown
to blackish, in darker forms the femora more or less yellowish apically,
tibiae yellow with short erect black spines arising from black spots;

958 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID,E.

tarsi yellowish, joint 1 and sometimes 3 brown. Antennae straw-yellow,
joint 1 dark at base, two-thirds as long as width of vertex, 2 three and
one-half times the length of 1, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, 4 one-thix-d the
length of 3. Upper surface clothed with short appressed yellow hairs.
Length, 3 mm.

Epping Forest, England, June 10 — 15 (British Mus. Coll.). A
European species recorded in this country from Ontario and
New York.

1091 ( — ). PSALLUS ALNICENATUS Knight, 1923, 466.

Elongate, sides subparallel, male, suboval, female. Head fuscous-
black, vertex yellowish-brown; pronotum blackish, basal half paler;
elytra yellowish-brown to dusky, subtranslucent, clavus and apical half
of corium tinged with fuscous; membrane pale fuscous, a hyaline paler
spot near tip of cuneus, veins yellowish; legs dull yellow, femora with
two rows of black spots on outer face and a vague dark line above; knees,
tibial spines and spot at base of each, black; ventrals black, yellowish-
pubescent. Joint 1 of antenna? black, tip pale, almost as long as width of
vertex; 2 fuscous-brown, tip and often the middle, paler, about four
times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 pale fuscous, 3 three-fourths as long as 2, 4
three-fifths the length of 3. Beak reaching first ventral. Length, 3.7 —
4.5 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., July 26 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Ranges from Nova
Scotia and New England west to Minnesota. Breeds on hoary
alder, Alnus incana (L.).

1092 (— ). Psallus morrisoni Knight, 1923, 464.

Elongate, subparallel, male, suboval, female. Black or fuscous-black,
thickly clothed with appressed silvery hairs ; membrane uniformly fus-
cous, veins slightly paler; femora as in key; ventrals black, with scale-
like pubescence on sides. Joint 1 of antennae black, four-fifths as long
as width of vertex; 2 dark brown, paler at middle, three and two-third
times longer than 1, in male as long as width of pronotum at base; 3
brownish-yellow, three-fourths the length of 2; 4 pale fuscous, two-thirds
as long as 3. Length, 3.2 — 3.6 mm.

Cramer and Lake Co., Minn., Aug. 10 — 15 (Minn. Univ. Coll.) .
Recorded only from Massachusetts, where it was collected from
sweet fern and goldenrod.

1093 (— ). Psallus parshleyi Knight, 1923, 465.

Head black, vertex somewhat paler; pronotum and scutellum black,
both they and elytra clothed with pale appressed scale-like hairs and
suberect yellowish ones; elytra black, with pale markings as in key; mem-
brane fuscous, a pale spot near tip of cuneus, veins dusky; legs straw-
yellow, apical halves of femora with two rows of spots and a line above
and below, tibia? with knees, spines and spot at base of each spine, black,
tarsi fuscous; under surface black, shining, pale pubescent. Joints 1 and

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^E. 959

2 of antennas brownish-black, 1 almost as long as width of vertex, 2
four times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, 3 two-thirds as long as 2,
4 slightly more than half the length of 3. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Hennepin Co., Minn., Aug. 2 (Minn. Univ. Coll.) . Recorded
from Massachusetts, New York and Minnesota. Occurs on the
low birch, Betula pumila L. A form with femora black, tips pale
and corium wholly brownish-black is var. fuscatus Knight.

1094 (— ). Psallus waldeni Knight, 1923, 468.

Oblong, suboval. Fuscous-brown, pronotum and elytra clothed with
erect pubescent hairs, intermixed with appressed paler ones; membrane
pale fuscous, veins paler; legs yellowish to fuscous-brown, femora with
dark spots as in key; tibiae with two rows of prominent black spines, each
with a large black spot at base; tarsi fuscous; ventrals black. Joints 1
and 2 of antennae black, finely pale pubescent, 1 scarcely one-half as long
as width of vertex, 2 four times as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 fuscous-brown, 3
two-thirds as long as 2, 4 two-thirds the length of 3. Beak reaching
middle of hind coxae. Length, 2.5 mm.

New Haven, Conn., May 30 (Walden). Known only from
there.

1095 (— ). Psallus piceicola Knight, 1923, 469.

Oblong, sides subparallel. Head and pronotum brownish-black,
elytra fuscous-brown, pubescence yellowish; base of cuneus and tip of
embolium pale translucent, remainder of cuneus reddish-brown; mem-
brane pale fuscous, paler at middle and near tip of cuneus, veins tinged
with reddish; legs as in key; ventrals brownish-black tinged with reddish,
pale pubescent. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dull yellow, 1 three-fifths as
long as width of vertex, 2 three and one-third times as long as 1 ; 3 and
4 dusky, 3 three-fifths as long as 2, 4 slightly shorter than 3. Beak reach-
ing first ventral. Head strongly vertical, subcompressed. Length, 2.8 —

3 mm.

Canby, Minn., June 24 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Recorded only
from New York and Minnesota. Breeds on spruce.

1096 (1243). Psallus ancorifer Fieber, 1858, 336.

Elongate-oval. Brownish-black to black, moderately shining, thickly
clothed with yellowish appressed pubescence intermixed with suberect
blackish hairs; elytra often brownish or brownish-yellow, cuneus some-
times reddish; color of legs as in key. Joint 1 of antennae black, half
as long as width of vertex; 2 slender, black, brownish apically, one-fourth
longer than width of head across eyes; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, 3 three-
fifths the length of 2, 4 two-fifths as long as 3. Beak reaching hind
coxae. Length, 3.8 — 4.2 mm.

Washington, D. C, June 19 (Minn. Univ. Coll.). Southern
France (British Mus. Coll.). A European species ranging in this

960 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRIDiE.

country from New England west to New York and southwest
to District of Columbia. Recorded also from California. Oc-
curs on apple and alder.

1097 (— ). Psallus drakei Knight, 1923, 464.

Elongate, sides feebly curved. Black, strongly shining; clothed with
the usual two types of pubescence; membrane and veins fuscous, a small
hyaline spot near tip of cuneus; color of legs as in key; ventrals black,
strongly shining, silvery-pubescent on sides. Antennae black, joint 1 five-
eighths as long as width of vertex, 2 four times as long as 1, 3 three-
fifths the length of 2, 4 two-thirds as long as 3. Beak reaching between
hind coxa?. Length, 4 — 4.4 mm.

Recorded from the Cranberry Lake region of New York and
Nordegg, Alberta.

XII. Cylloceps Uhler, 1893, 711.

Elongate-elliptical or subparallel. Head short, vertical, tylus
projecting a little in front of eyes, vertex convex, not margined
at base; beak reaching behind middle coxae; pronotum trape-
zoidal, almost flat, sides with a calloused margin, calli large, al-
most contiguous, hind margin feebly sinuate ; scutellum equi-
lateral, convex; elytra entire, much surpassing abdomen, pale
translucent; membrane almost as long as corium, joints 2 and 3
of tarsi subequal. One species occurs in Florida.

1098 (1268). Cylloceps pellicia Uhler, 1893, 712.

Pale brownish-yellow, shining, minutely pubescent. Head yellow,
median line and tylus black; pronotum dull yellow, tinged with brownish
toward base; scutellum dark brown; elytra pale translucent, inner mar-
gins of clavus and corium fuscous, vein at base of membrane piceous;
membrane pale fuscous, veins brownish ; legs pale yellow, femora dusky
at base, tips piceous; ventrals yellow, dusky at middle, orange red on
sides; genital segments piceous. Joint 1 of antennae black, its base and
apex yellowish; remainder dusky yellowish, joint 2 four times as long as
1, 3 three-fourths as long as 2. Pronotum finely scabrous, transversely
wrinkled, sparsely and finely punctate. Scutellum with a vague median
carina. Length, 3 mm.

A neotropical species described from Cuba and St. Vincent
and recorded from Biscayne Bay, Fla.

XIII. Criocoris Fieber, 1858, 319.

Oblong-oval, subopaque black species having the head
pointed, declivent, distinctly prolonged in front of base of an-
tennae, inserted in thorax to eyes, vertex convex, not margined ;
beak reaching middle coxae; pronotum trapezoidal, sides feeblv

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^.

961

concave at middle, base truncate, two-thirds wider than apex,
disk feebly convex, calli small, rounded, not contiguous ; meso-
scutum almost concealed ; scutellum small, almost flat ; elytra
entire, surpassing abdomen, cuneus large, feebly deflected ;
upper surface clothed with conspicuous deciduous appressed
whitish scale-like hairs, intermixed with fine suberect black
ones. One species ocurs in the eastern states.

1099 (1223). Criocoris saliens (Reuter), 1S76, 88.

Oblong-oval, broader in female. Head, pronotum and scutellum
black, feebly shining; elytra fuscous-black, subopaque; membrane fusco-

translucent, with a white dash near apex
of cuneus; legs fuscous-brown, apical
two-thirds of tibiae and basal half of
tarsi dull yellow, the spines b'ack.
Female with joint 1 of antennae blackish-
brown, three-fourths as long as width of
vertex; 2 yellow, base blackish, apex
dusky, much more slender than 1, as
long as pronotum; 3 fuscous, paler at
base, three-fifths as long as 2 ; 4 fuscous,
scarcely one-third as long as 3. Male
with joints 1 and 2 fuscous-brown, 1
clavate, 2 subfusiform, concave on outer
side, thickly pilose, much thicker and
nearly four times longer than 1 ; 3 and
4 much thinner, dusky yellow, 4 two-
fifths the length of 3. Length, 2.7—3
mm. (Fig. 191).
Fig. 191, Male X 11. (Original). M . „ T , ,, -. n t

Marion Co., Ind., May 19 — June
6 ; swept from low herbage along the densely wooded banks of
streams. Ottawa, Ont., June 29 (Van Dusee) . Recorded from
Quebec, Ontario, New Jersey, New York, Texas and California.
The C. canadensis Van D. (1912a, 511) is a synonym, differing
only in the largely pale second antennal of female.

XIV. Excentricus Reuter, I, 1878, 89.

Small oval, pubescnt species having the head triangular, as
broad across eyes as long, its front declivent ; vertex not cari-
nate ; eyes large, contiguous to pronotum, but slightly overlap-
ping its front angles ; pronotum short, subtrapezoidal, its sides
declivent, humeral angles rounded, hind margin broadly con-
cave, disk smooth, calli obsolete; mesoscutum narrowly ex-
posed ; scutellum broad, triangular, equilateral ; elytra entire,
widened behind, surpassing abdomen; cuneus strongly de-

962 FAMILY XXIX. — MIRID^E.

fleeted, its fracture deep; joints 2 and 3 of hind tarsi subequal,
1 shorter. Two species are known from North America, one
occurring in Florida.

1100 ( — ). Excentricus mexicanus Van Duzee, 1923b, 163.

Oval, widest behind middle. Head, pronotum and scutellum fuscous-
brown, shining, elytra slightly paler; cuneus brown, its tip and basal
lunule yellowish; membrane fuscous, veins yellowish, a pale hyaline spot
on apical half and another on inner margin of cell; femora brown, tibiae
dull yellow, spines very slender, pale brown, third tarsal and claws
brownish; under surface blackish-brown, shining. Joints 1 and 2 of
antennae brown, strongly swollen; 1 subclavate, three-fifths as long as
width of vertex; 2 cylindrical, twice as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 much more
slender, 3 yellowish, two-thirds as long as 2, 4 dusky, one-half the length
of 3. Upper surface thinly clothed with suberect dusky hairs and ap-
pressed deciduous whitish ones. Length, 2.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 7 ; swept from flowers of farkleberry,
Batodrendon arboreum (Marsh.). Recorded heretofore only from
Lower California.

XV. Rhinacloa Reuter, 1876, 88.

Head transverse, its front vertical, but slightly produced in
front of antennae; eyes large, coarsely granulated, in male oc-
cupying the whole of sides of head ; beak not passing middle
coxae; pronotum short, base truncate, much wider than apex,
sides straight, disk feebly declivent forwards; elytra entire,
much surpassing abdomen ; cuneus short, its fracture deep.
One species occurs in Florida, another in the southwestern
states.

1101 ( — ). Rhinacloa subpallicornis Knight, 1926a, 225.

Oblong-oval. Head, pronotum and scutellum fuscous-brown, both
they and elytra thickly clothed with deciduous silvery scale-like hairs,
intermixed with dark suberect ones; elytra brownish-yellow, subtrans-
lucent, inner half of corium often fuscous-brown; embolium dull yellow,
its apical third and disk of cuneus usually red; membrane fuscous-brown,
in fresh specimens clothed with silvery scales, veins reddish; femora
brown, more or less tinged with fuscous, their tips paler; tibiae yellowish
with spines and spots at their base black; under surface fuscous-brown,
clothed with silvery hairs. Joint 1 of antennae dark brown, one-half as
long as width of vertex, male, two-fifths as long, female; 2 cylindrical,
male, subclavate, female, dull yellow, apical third blackish, four and a
half times as long as 1, male, one-fourth shorter, female; 3 and 4 dusky
yellow, 3 slender, cylindrical, three-fifths as long as 2, 4 fusiform, one-
half the length of 3. Length, 2—2.5 mm.

SUBFAMILY IX. — PHYLIN^E. 963

Frequent throughout the southern third of Florida, Dec. 4 —
April 5. Occurs on ferns in dense hammocks and on herbage
along the roadsides. Recorded also by Barber as R. forticornis
Reut., a Texas species, from Biscayne Bay, Fla.

XVI. Atractotomus Fieber, 1858, 317.

Small oblong-oval species having the body sparsely clothed
with whitish or yellowish appressed scale-like hairs, intermixed
with fine, suberect darker ones ; head transverse, its front sub-
vertical, not produced in front of eyes, tylus narrow, com-
pressed ; beak reaching or surpassing hind coxae ; pronotum
with base truncate, much wider than apex, sides straight, disk
inclined toward apex; elytra entire, surpassing abdomen,
cuneus short, its fracture often deep ; hind femora swollen.
tibiae with black spines. Two introduced European species and
one variety occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OP ATRACTOTOMUS.

a. Joint 2 of antennae swollen, subequal in thickness in both sexes; front
margin of pronotum and base of head clothed with prominent sub-
erect pale yellowish hairs; host plant, apple. 1102. mall
aa. Joint 2 of antennas rather slender in male, strongly swollen in
female; pronotum and head without pubescence as in a.
b. Second antennal distinctly longer than width of head ; larger,
length 3 — 3.5 mm.; host plant, pine. 1103. magnicornis.
bb. Second antennal in female subequal in length to width of head;
smaller, length 2.5 mm.; host plant, hemlock.

1103a. var. buenoi.

1102 ( — ). Atractotomus mali (Meyer), 1843, 63.

Dark brown or black, the two types of pubescence conspicuous ; mem-
brane dark fuscous, veins and a small spot near tip of cuneus paler: legs
brown or black, tibia? paler toward apex, their tips and those of tarsi
blackish. Joints 1 and 2 of antenna? black or dark brown, 1 clavate, two-
thirds as long as width of vertex, 2 strongly swollen, subfusiform,
thickly clothed with stiff forward-inclined hairs, three and one-half times
as long as 1 ; 3 and 4 dusky yellow, very slender, united as long as 2, 4
one-half the length of 3. Length, 3.2 — 3.5 mm.

Theydon Bois, England, July (British Mus. Coll.). Recorded
by Knight (1924, 65) from Wolfville, Nova Scotia, where it
was predaceous on a green apple aphid.

1103 ( — ). Atractotomus magnicornis (Fallen) , 1807, 99.

Elongate, subparallel, male, suboval, female. Head, pronotum and
scutellum black or dark brown ; clavus and corium usually chestnut-brown
or tinged with reddish, cuneus often dark brown; membrane pale fus-
cous, veins yellowish, cells brownish; femora fuscous-brown to black;
tibia? yellowish-white to brownish with minute darker spots at base of

964 FAMILY XXX. — HYDRO METRID^;.

spines; tips of tarsi and claws blackish. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae dark
brown or black, thickly clothed with short, stiff black hairs; 1 nearly
three-fifths as long as width of vertex; 2 as in aa of key, four and two-
third times the length of 1 ; 3 and 4 filiform, dusky yellow, 3 nearly three-
fifths as long as 2, 4 four-fifths the length of 3. Beak reaching first
ventral. Length, 3 mm.

Hollington and New Forest, England, August (British Mus.
Coll.). A European species recorded in this country only from
Ithaca, N. Y., where it was found on Finns sylvestris L.

1103a ( — ). Atractotomus magnicornis buenoi Knight, 1923, 461.

Smaller and more ovate than magnicornis. Color fusco-blackish, not
tinged with reddish as there; membrane uniformly fuscous; legs blackish,
tibiae slightly paler; ventrals blackish, dusky-pubescent. Joint 2 of an-
tenna? in female shorter, only four times the length of 1 ; in male longer,
five times the length of 1. Length, 2.5 mm.

White Plains, N. Y., June 25 {Minn. Univ. Coll.). Known
only from there, where it was taken on hemlock and spruce by
Bueno.

Family XXX. HYDROMETRIM] Billberg, 1820, 67.

The Marsh-treaders.

Extremely slender bugs having the body linear, subcylindri-
cal ; head much longer than pronotum, porrect ; eyes large,
placed slightly behind its middle; antennae 4-jointed, filiform,
inserted on the sides of the enlarged front of head ; ocelli
absent ; beak 3-jointed, very slender, shorter than head, in-
serted between the ends of the deflexed cheeks ; pro- and meso-
nota subequal in length, slightly wider than head, their sides
parallel ; elytra usually absent, when present, elongate, linear,
reaching fifth or sixth dorsal ; legs elongate, very slender; tarsi
3-jointed, their claws apical.

The family is represented by a single genus comprising fewer
than a dozen described species. They live among the weeds and
grasses growing in stagnant water or on the near-by mud or
muck flats, and feed mainly upon minute living forms of aquatic
life. They walk slowly about over the surface film of water,
and when disturbed attempt to conceal themselves among the
fallen and tangled vegetation rather than by flight or quick
movement. The principal literature treating of our species
is by Say, 1832; Uhler, 1884; Martin, 1900; Bueno, 1905, and
Hungerford, 1920, 1923.

THE MARSH-TREADERS. 965

I. Hydrometra Lamarck, 1801, 295.

Our species of this genus, characterized as above, have the
head widened near tip, narrower in front of eyes; joint 1 of
antennas surpassing the blunt-tipped tylus by half its length,
2 and 4 subequal, each about half the length of 3 ; pronotum
elongate-oblong, somewhat narrowed in front ; elytra, when
present, long, narrow, gradually slightly widening behind, their
tips rounded, disk with two long veins and two cross nervures
enclosing a single irregular cell on apical half; abdomen re-
flexed above, convex beneath, its margins parallel, male, mod-
erately broadly curved, female. Three species are known from
this country, two occurring in our territory. The males of
these are easily separated, the females more difficult.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF HYDROMETRA.

a. Pits on sides above middle coxae two; head in front of eyes 1.3 — 1.5
mm. in length; male with under side of sixth ventral with two
transverse concave subbasal elevations and last dorsal with a dis-
tinct spinous projection. 1104. martini.
aa. Pits on sides above middle coxae four; head in front of eyes 1.8 — 2
mm. in length; male with under side of sixth ventral with two
conical tubercles and last dorsal prolonged as a tubercle.

1105. AUSTRALIS.

1104 (1281). Hydrometra martini Kirkaldy, 1900, 175.

Dark chestnut- or fuscous-brown, often with a bluish tinge; elytra
dusky whitish with dark nervures; pronotum with a vague median
longitudinal whitish line; antenna? reddish-brown, darker toward apex;
beak, legs, under surface and middle of dorsum brownish-yellow; apical
halves of tibiae and tarsi more or less fuscous. Apical third of head less
widened than in australis. Elytra, macropterous form, reaching sixth
dorsal, male; fifth dorsal, female. Length, 8 — 11 mm. (Fig. 192).

Marion and Lawrence counties, Ind., April 11 — May 11. Ft.
Myers, Kissimmee, R. P. Park and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 24 —
April 23 (W. S.B.). Sherborn, Mass., Aug. 30 (Frost). Ap-
parently scarce in Indiana, where it has been found only in or
about ponds partially covered with duckweed (Latvia) in dense
woodland. Common about Dunedin in ponds and ditches or
beneath boards and other cover along their margins. When
fresh from the last moult the young adult is usually covered
with a slate-blue "bloom" which disappears in a few weeks.
Although so slender in form, the adults are often attacked by
a red mite. But two of the 25 specimens at hand are macrop-
terous. The known range of H. martini extends from Ontario

966

FAMILY XXX. — HYDRO METRID>E.

and New England west to Michigan, Illinois and Kansas, and
south and southwest to Florida, Louisiana and Texas. This
species is the //. I media of Say (I, 361) and most of the records
have been under his name, which was preoccupied. Martin

(1900, 70) and Bueno
( 1905, 12) have given ex-
cellent accounts of the
habits and life history of
this species. From the
former I quote as fol-
lows:

"The appearance of this
insect is unique and exceed-
ingly grotesque for the body
is so elongate and the legs so
thin that it appears like a
minute Indian club stalking
about on the water. The
economy of this elongate form
becomes at once apparent on
studying the habits of Hydro-
metra. In the first place it
reduces the insect's weight''"
to the minimum and so les-
sens the liability of breaking
through the treacherous sur-
face film upon which the life
of this aquatic pedestrian is
passed. In the second place
the long cylindrical body is
so like a bit of twig in ap-
pearance that Hydrometra is
protected from its enemies
and concealed from its prey
which do not in the least sus-
pect in this apparent straw the presence of a deadly foe.

"The peculiar habitat and elongate form have given rise in the male
to a secondary sexual character which consists of two notched projec-
tions on the under side of the sixth abdominal segment. The object of
these is to fit over the lateral keels of the female abdomen, thus steady-
ing the abdomen of the male during copulation. This is rendered neces-
sary not only by the elongate abdomen, but also because it is necessary
for the insects to maintain their balance upon the water or run the risk
of breaking through the surface film, an accident very likely to cause
death by drowning. Hydrometra is a carnivorous insect, its food con-

Fjk. 192. a, Male genitalia ; h, dorsal view of
insect X 10 ; c, side view of head.

(After Garman, Hemiptera of Connecticut ) .

"The weight is not reduced, but is distributed over a wider area of the surface
film. (W. 8. B.).

SUPERFAMILY GERROIDEvE. 967

sisting of the juices of insects that fall into the water and the number of
these is considerable along the grassy aquatic borders. When such a
hapless insect falls it is at once pounced upon by one or several of these
voracious bugs, who insert their beaks and proceed to suck the juices
from their still struggling victim. I have seen no less than ten thus
surround their prey all with their heads in the direction of common
interest and their bodies radiating outward."

1105 (1282). Hydrometra australis Say, 1832, 35; I, 361.

Differs from martini chiefly in characters given in key. General
color darker, being more often a bluish-black. Front portion of head
proportionally longer and more dilated towards tip. Last dorsal of male
less swollen and bearing a short tubercle instead of a spine. Tip of
abdomen of females less elongate than in martini. Length, 8 — 11 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 23 ; three specimens taken from a mass
of decaying weeds on margin of Jerry Lake. Recorded from
Jacksonville by Barber. Its known range extends from White
Plains, N. Y., southwest to Georgia and Florida and west to
Kansas and Louisiana. Appears to be much less common than
martini though probably confused with it in many collections.

Superfamily GERROIDE^E Reuter, 1912b, 15, 48.

This superfamily, as limited in the key, p. 34, comprises
elongate, rather slender semi-aquatic species having the anten-
nae exposed, as long as or longer than head, the latter shorter
than pronotum, including scutellum ; beak 4-jointed ; elytra
usually dimorphic, when present largely membranous, the usual
divisions not differentiated, the veins longitudinal, forming dis-
tinct cells; osteola present; last tarsal joint bifid at apex, its
claws inserted on the side some distance above the tip (fig.
6,»).

The superfamily as thus characterized contains two families,
both represented in our territory.

KEY TO FAMILIES OF GERROIDE^E.

a. Hind femora much surpassing apex of abdomen; middle and hind
coxae approximate, distant from front ones.

Family XXXI. Gerrid^e, p. 967.

««. Hind femora but little if at all surpassing tip of abdomen; middle

coxae (except in Rhagovelia) equally distant from front and hind

ones. Family XXXII. Veliid.-e, p. 987.

Family XXXI. GERRID^ Amyot & Serville, 1843, 410.

The Wherrymen or Water Striders.

This family comprises semi-aquatic Heteroptera of medium
size having the body usually narrow, elongate, widest behind

968 FAMILY XXXI. — GERRID.E.

pronotum, and covered with a short, dense water-proof velvety
pile; head shorter than pro- and mesonota united, subconical,
inserted in thorax to eyes ; ocelli present, but usually very
small and obscure; eyes large, rounded, prominent; antenna?
short, rather stout, 4-jointed, inserted on sides of head usually
some distance in front of eyes; beak stout, 4-jointed, joints 1
and 2 very short ; scutellum and elytra usually absent, the lat-
ter, when present, without distinct clavus or membrane and
usually reaching nearly to tip of abdomen ; tarsi 2-jointed ; legs
very long and slender, femora, coxae and tarsal claws as de-
scribed in family key and under superfamily heading.

Our more common members of this family live upon, not in
the pools of quiet waters of streams and ponds. They glide
gracefully over these pools borne up by the surface film of the
water which, though invisible to human eye, everywhere covers
it like a membrane stretched equally in all directions. The
wherrymen find this film a pavement well suited for their airy
feet, as they skate merrily to and fro in search of living prey.
When disturbed they often move so swiftly that they seem but
darting lines as they circle round and round each other in a
mystic dance. The under parts of the insect are densely
covered with fine hairs which form a perfect water-proof vest-
ment. The body is held just above the water by the six legs,
each of which rests in a little saucer-shaped depression of the
water-film. The hind legs, from the knee down, rest on the
water, and the indentations formed by them are long oval in
form, while those made by the front legs are circular in out-
line. The middle legs are longer than the others and the por-
tion of them touching the water is smaller. The insect uses
only these middle legs in propelling the body, moving them in
a quick forward stroke like a pair of oars. It thus glides or
skates on the front and hind legs, the disks which they form
seemingly traveling with the insect. In early morn and late
afternoon, when the rays of the sun strike the water at a cer-
tain angle, they are deflected by the disks, and the resting
wherryman forms a most peculiar shadow. When in motion
this is rendered more unique by the quick movement of the
long propelling legs.

The adults hibernate beneath cover along the banks of
streams and ponds, often at some distance from the water, but

THE WHERRYMEN OR WATER STRIDERS. 969

reappear on the first warm days of spring. The eggs are soon
after attached by a sort of glue to the leaves and stems of
aquatic plants. They hatch in about two weeks, the young
emerging from a slit which opens a little way down the side.
There are commonly two forms of the adult belonging to the
same species, the winged and unwinged. These do not neces-
sarily coexist. During some years only the winged forms ap-
pear, while in others, if the spring and summer are cool, all
will be unwinged. Often in sunny protected places where food
is abundant, all will be winged.

The family is widely distributed, its members occurring in
all parts of the world, 19 species, distributed among six genera,
occurring in the eastern states. The principal literature treat-
ing of them is by Say, I, 362; Uhler, 1871, 1878; Champion,
1898; Kirkaldy, 1906; Bergroth, 1908; Bueno, 1911, 1915,
1917b, 1917c; Parshley, 1916; Riley, C. F., 1919, 1920, 1922,
1922a, and Hungerford, 1920.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF GERRID^E.

a. Inner margin of the eyes concave or sinuate behind the middle;
body comparatively long and narrow, the abdomen long (Sub-
family Gerrinse).

b. Pronotum sericeous, dull, in wingless forms fused with mesonotum;

hind margins in winged form wide, obtusely rounded; basal
joint of front tarsi but little shorter than apical one.

I. Gerris, p. 970.
bb. Pronotum glabrous, shining, in wingless form not fused with meso-
notum ; hind margin of latter in winged form narrowly rounded ;
basal joint of front tarsi much shorter than apical one.

II. Limnogonus, p. 978.
aa. Inner margin of eyes convexly rounded; body short and broad;
pronotum in brachypterous form not fused with mesonotum ; abdo-
men usually very short (Subfamily Halobatinae).

c. First antennal nearly or quite equal to the remaining three united,

distinctly longer than 2 and 3 together; hind femora twice as

long as hind tibia?. III. Metrobates, p. 980.

cc. First antennal much shorter than the other three united, not much

longer, sometimes shorter, than 2 and 3 together.

d. Fourth antennal equal to or shorter than third; hind femora equal

to or shorter than hind tibia and tarsus united; abdomen as long

as remainder of body, strongly tapering toward apex.

IV. Rheumatobates, p. 981.

dd. Fourth antennal distinctly longer than third ; abdomen much

shorter than remainder of body.

e. Color black and yellow; eyes large, fairly prominent; lacustrine

species. V. Trepobates, p. 985.

970

FAMILY XXXI. — GERRID^E.

ee. Color leaden-gray, wholly sericeous; eyes small, widely separated;
oceanic species. VI. Halobates, p. 986.

I. Gerris Fabricius, 1794, 187.

This genus comprises the largest and most familiar of our
water striders. In addition to the characters given in key they
have the body everywhere densely clothed with a short velvety
pile ; head stout, obtusely conical, its front portion moderately
declivent ; eyes very large, coarsely granulated ; joint 1 of an-
tennae longer and usually stouter than any of the others ; beak

Anfenna

Pig. L93. Gerris buenoi Kirk., X 7. (After Garman in Hemiptera of Connecticut).

reaching onto mesosternum, the latter grooved ; pro- and meso-
nota fused, the former much the shorter; elytra in winged
forms reaching beyond middle, sometimes nearly to end of
abdomen, without distinct membrane, the veins elevated and
prominent ; dorsum of abdomen concave, its sides strongly re-
flexed ; apical angles of sixth ventral usually strongly prolonged
backward ; middle and hind legs much longer than front ones,
their coxa? prominent, projecting outward beyond the sides,

THE WHERRYMEN OR WATER STRIDERS. 971

the femora of hind ones much surpassing tip of abdomen.
Eleven species have been recorded from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF GERR1S.

a. Joint 1 of antennae distinctly longer than 2 and 3 united; larger,
length 14 or more mm.
b. Pronotum without a median carina; under side of body dark; elytra
usually absent; spines of sixth ventral not reaching apex of
genital. 1106. remigis.

bb. Hind lobe of pronotum with a distinct median carina; under side
of body usually yellowish or silvery-gray; elytra always present
though sometimes abbreviated ; spines of sixth ventral slightly
surpassing apex of genital.
c. Hind margin of sixth ventral of male broadly and shallowly con-
cave. 1107. CONFORMIS.
ex. Hind margin of sixth ventral of male deeply and roundly concave.

1108. NEBULARIS.

iki. Joint 1 of antennae not or but slightly longer than 2 and 3 united;
smaller, length usually less than 11 mm.
d. Antennae less than half the length of body, not extending beyond
the pronotum ; sixth ventral of male with hind margin usually
sinuate or doubly concave, its spines rather short and stout, at
most passing but little the middle of genital plate; under sur-
face usually blackish.
e. Side margins of front lobe of pronotum concolorous with the disk.
/'. First ventral genital segment of male without a tuft of long
hairs each side.
g. First joint of antennae only about one-sixth longer than fourth;
spines of sixth ventral of female reaching to or beyond middle
of genital plate.
h. Male with median notch of hind margin of last ventral nar-
rowly rounded (fig. 194, b) ; first genital less convex and
with a median keel. 1109. marginatus.

hh. Male with median notch of last ventral deeply and roundly
notched ; first genital very convex and without a keel.

1110. INSPERATUS.

gg. First antennal one-fourth or more longer than fourth ; spines
of sixth ventral short, obtuse, not reaching middle of genital
plate; abdomen in great part usually dull yellow.

1111. ALACRIS.
//. First ventral genital of male with sides deeply depressed and with
a tuft of long hairs in each depression. 1112. comatus.

ee. Side margins of front lobe of pronotum with a pale stripe.

i. Bases of elytra wholly dark; second or median emargination of
sixth ventral of male broadly rectangular (fig. 194, c) .

1113. BUENOI.

it. Inner basal margins of elytra marked with yellowish-white lines

between the veins; median emargination of sixth ventral of

male semicircular (fig. 194, «). 1114. argenticollis.

972 FAMILY XXXI. — GERRID,£.

(Id. Antennae half or more the length of body, reaching at least to sec-
ond dorsal; sixth ventral of male with a single broadly rounded
concavity, its spines long, slender, acute, reaching to or slightly
beyond apex of genital; under surface of body in great part pale.
;'. Front lobe of pronotum without a distinct black spot each side of
a pale median line; length less than 11 mm.

1115. CANALICULARS.

jj. Front lobe of pronotum with a distinct black spot each side of a
paler median line; length, 13 or more mm.

1116. RUFOSCUTELLATUS.

Fig. 1H4. Ventral views of male Genitalia of Gerris. o, G. argenticollis
Harsh. ; b, <:. marginatus Say; c, G. buaioi Kirk. (After Parshley).

1106 (1283). Gerris remigis Say, 1832, 35; I, 362.

Elongate-oval, rather stout-bodied. Above dark brown, the pronotum
sometimes in part reddish-brown, reflexed sides of abdomen reddish-
brown, the incisures slightly paler; base of beak, prosternum, coxae and
middle and hind femora dull brownish-yellow; remainder of lower sur-
face, antennae, tibiae and tarsi pale to dark brown, the sides of pleura
usually clothed with a very fine silvery-gray pubescence. Joint 1 of
antennae nearly as long as 2 — 4 united, these subequal in length. Disk
of front lobe of pronotum concave at base ; hind one three times as long,
finely transversely rugose, its hind portion regularly rounded without
depressed sides as in marginatus. Hind margin of sixth ventral of male
with a rounded median concavity, its spines short and stout reaching
nearly to tip of first genital. Length, 14 — 16 mm.

Common throughout Indiana ; occurring probably on every
pond and lake and on the quiet pools of all streams. Hibernates
beneath logs and rubbish near their banks and sometimes seen
on the water on warm days in February. Ranges from Labrador
across the continent to the Pacific and south to Georgia, Texas,
Mexico and Central America. Not as yet recorded from
Florida, but probably occurs in its northern counties. In In-
diana this wherryman abounds on the shaded pools of the
smaller streams, and in times of summer and autumn drouths
it collects by scores beneath flat rocks and other cover in their
beds. There they remain until the water of the stream is re-
plenished. If not too far distant some in time find their way
to other pools, but if the drought is of long duration many

THE WHERRYMEN OR WATER STRIDERS. 973

doubtless perish. C. F. C. Riley (1919, 1920, 1922 and 1922a)
and Bueno (1917b) have published interesting accounts of the
habits of G. remigis and G. marginatus. The former states that
in captivity both species feed normally upon various species of
insects, but when hungry are not particular as to the character
of their food, eating the soft parts of bananas, snails and even
one another. From Bueno I quote as follows :

"Of all the bugs I know I can think of none so amorous as our com-
mon large water-strider, Gerris remigis Say. From the earliest days of
spring, when the Frost King releases the waters from his bondage, till
the cloudy days of autumn, when the leaves fall and the winds grow
bleak at his return, these beasties are common and familiar sights to the
lover of the quiet flowing waters running to the distant seas. In these
haunts in some still little bay or moveless backwater, under a bridge, or
in the shadow of a tree, or in the cool recesses of an overhanging bank,
you may see remigis gathered in numbers, rowing silently about, now
and again skipping to escape the maw of some greedy fish, or pouncing
on some unfortunate insect fallen into the water and struggling to escape
from the clutches of that deadly element. Here they rear large families
and spend at ease the sultry dog-days. When winter comes again the
old generation have passed away and their young descendants, now full
grown, seek shelter against frost and snow under nearby logs or stones
on the banks, or crevices in them; there to sleep until in the round of
days Old Sol routs the chills of winter and spring once more ushers in
the leaves and flowers, and vivifies all the reproductive powers of nature,
in which Gerris is not the least factor.

"In nature the life history of Gerris remigis appears to be briefly
this : Breeding and oviposition begin as early as February, or in the
first warm days of spring. It is seemingly continuous all through the
summer, and it is not unusual to find nymphs in various stages in com-
pany with the adults. The mother lays her cylindrical pearly eggs end to
end along the edges of grasses or other vegetation growing into the
water, to which she attaches them by means of a colorless waterproof
glue. Here they develop more or less quickly, according to the tempera-
ture, the little bugs showing day by day more plainly through the shell.
At the end of a week or ten days they burst the shell and escape into the
water. In time, some six days or so, they cast their skins with accom-
panying changes in structure. This takes place four times more before
they reach the perfect insect at the end of about six weeks. It is thus
possible for G. re»iigis to have at least three generations in a summer, if
not more, depending, of course, on the length and temperature of the
season.

"Gerris remigis is parasitized by a bright red water mite, which
attacks it in all stages of development. I have found in midsummer an
individual with head completely covered with these larval mites, except-
ing the eyes and beak ; a winged specimen had the thorax invaded. Poly-
morphism is not displayed by this species, which is only dimorphic, being

974 FAMILY XXXI. — GERRIDvE.

found, but very rarely, fully winged, its common form being apterous.
The possession of wings always causes a change in the structure of the
thorax to accommodate the much enlarged muscles which the use of
organs of flight requires. These winged adults are generally found
solitary in the most unlikely places — isolated little pools, springs, rock-
holes, beach drift, far from the favorite haunts of this stream-loving
bug."

1107 (1285). Gerris conformis Uhler, 1878, 435.

Elongate, subparallel, more slender than remigis. Above a nearly
uniform fuscous-black; pronotum with a vague median line on front lobe,
the narrow lateral edge, sometimes the tip of hind lobe, and the narrow
edge of connexivum, dull yellow; under surface yellowish- or fuscous-
brown, usually thickly clothed with a very fine dense silvery-gray pubes-
cence; prosternum, coxa? and genital plates dull yellow. Antennae as in
remigis the joints more slender. Pronotum wider, with side margins of
basal third more oblique and hind margin more narrowly rounded; disk of
hind lobe densely punctate and with a distinct but low median carina
and a small glabrous nodule each side behind middle. Elytra entire,
reaching middle of sixth dorsal. Legs extremely long and slender, the
middle and hind femora longer than body. Sixth ventral of male very
broadly and shallowly concave. Length, 15 — 17 mm.

Tuckerton, Pa., July (Gerhard). Charlotte and Swannanoa,
N. Car., April — June (Brimley) . Ranges from New England
west to Ohio and southwest in the coastwise states to North
Carolina. Bueno (1908a, 233) says that "it is very rare in the
north, but farther south, in the Carolinas, appears to be nearly
as common as remigis is with us."

1108 ( — ). Gerris nebularis Drake & Hottes, 1925a, 70.

Differs from conformis mainly by the character given in cc of key;
color and proportional length of antennals the same. Elytra in long-
winged form reaching base of first genital; in short-winged one only
to middle of second or third dorsal. Genital segments of male distinctly
broader than in conformis, the median ridge long and prominent with a
large, strongly depressed area each side. Length, 15.4 — 16 mm.

Waltonville, III, July 20 (///. Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.). Its re-
corded range extends from New Jersey west to Illinois and
south to Gainesville, Fla.

1109 (1288). Gerris marginatus Say, 1832, 36; I, 362.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Above dark reddish- or fuscous-brown,
thickly clothed with a fine yellowish pubescence; median line of front lobe
and narrow edge of hind lobe of pronotum and margins of abdomen dull
yellow; antenna? and legs reddish-brown, the front femora darker;
prosternum, coxa? and genital plates yellow. Antenna? short, stout, joint
1 but little longer than 4, 2 and 3 much shorter, subequal. Disk of hind
lobe of pronotum with a distinct median carina, the sides with a nodule

THE WHERRYMEN OR WATER STRIDERS. 975

near middle behind which they are widely depressed. Elytra usually
entire, almost reaching tip of abdomen. Other characters as in key.
Length, 9 — 11 mm.

Common in Indiana, especially so on the lakes of the north-
ern counties. Occurs throughout the year, hibernating beneath
logs and other cover, usually close to water, but occasionally
taken in winter and in times of drought on woodland slopes a
mile or more distant from any stream. Ranges from Quebec
and New England west to the Pacific and south to North Caro-
lina, Georgia and Texas. It is apparently more at home on
ponds and in the bays of lakes than on streams, but is usually
common wherever found. The elytra are rarely absent, but
occasionally reach only to middle of abdomen. When kept in
captivity by Riley, its feeding habits were the same as those
of remigis but, being a much smaller form, it was more hesitant
about attacking the larger living insects which were furnished
them. He also has recorded (1922) that marginatus practices
cannibalism during periods of stress or of great scarcity of
food, as in severe drought.

1110 ( — ). Gerris insperatus Drake & Hottes, 1925a, 71.

"Very similar to marginatus. Color markings, form and size the
same. Connexiva, except outer margins, and median portion and poste-
rior margin of last ventral, golden yellow; median stripe of venter vary-
ing from golden yellow to brown. Macropterous form only known. The
notch of the last segment of venter and plump genital segments without
a keel distinguish the males from those of marginatus. The females of
the two are hard to separate. Length, 7.4 — 8.6 mm."

Knox Co., Ind., July 5 (W.S.B.). Homer, 111., April 27
(///. Nat. Hist. Surv. Coll.). Ranges from Ottawa, Ontario, and
New York west to Ohio and Illinois and south to Mexico.

1111 ( — ). Gerris alacris Hussey, 1921, 11.

In addition to characters mentioned in key, this form differs from
marginatus in having the abdomen dull yellow margined with blackish,
or rarely wholly blackish; median carina of pronotum less evident; elytra
usually abbreviated, reaching middle of third dorsal. Male with sides
of median emargination of sixth ventral somewhat more parallel; female
with genital segment more narrowed apically and spines of sixth ventral
more blunt. Length, 7 — 10 mm.

Clark Junction, Lake Co., Ind., July 4 {Gerhard). The types
were from a small pond at the foot of a sand dune on the shore
of Lake Michigan in Berrien Co., Mich., and it is known only
from similar ponds in the dune region and at Ann Arbor.

976 FAMILY XXXI. — GERRID^E.

1112 ( — ). Gerris comatus Drake & Hottes, 1925, 48.

Color of body, legs and antenna? as in marginatus. Elytra always
present but variable, reaching to first dorsal genital, or only to fifth
dorsal. Male with sixth dorsal deeply, broadly and roundly emarginate
and ending in very short spines. Ventrals of male indistinctly carinate,
3 — 6 somewhat depressed, hind margin of 6 deeply and roundly excavated.
Sixth ventral of female with terminal spines slightly shorter and more
obtuse, and clothed with longer hairs. Length, 7.3 — 8.2 mm.

Ames, Iowa, July 24 (///. Nat. Hist. Sun: Coll.). The re-
corded range extends from Maine and New Jersey west to Wis-
consin, Colorado and Wyoming.

1113 (1289). Gerris buenoi Kirkaldy, 1911, 246.

Oblong, narrower behind, robust for the genus. Above dull fuscous-
black; a short median line on front lobe and narrow marginal one on
both front and hind lobes of pronotum and margin of connexivum both
above and beneath, dull yellow; antennae, tibia? and tarsi brown, their
terminal portions darker; prosternum, coxa?, sixth ventral, genitals, and
femora in great part, dull yellow, the front femora blackish above and on
sides. Joint 1 of antenna? subequal in length to 2 and 3 united, 3 shortest,
4 two-thirds the length of 1. Disk of pronotum finely and densely punc-
tate, the hind lobe with median carina evident, but feeble; hind margin
rather narrowly rounded. Elytra usually present, reaching tip of abdo-
men. Hind tibia? and tarsi united scarcely as long as femur. Other
characters as in key. Length, 7 — 8 mm. (Fig. 193).

Staten Island, N. Y., July (Davis). South Chicago and Worth,
111., Sept. 14 — Oct. 9 (Gerhard). Attleboro, Mass., mating June
21 (Frost). Ranges from Quebec and New England west to
British Columbia and Colorado. Not recorded south of New
Jersey. Drake (1923, 80) mentions it as by far the most
abundant species of the smaller forms of Gerris found about
Cranberry Lake, N. Y., its habits and haunts being quite
similar to those of G. marginatus.

1114 (1288y2). Gerris argenticollis Parshley, 1916, 103.

Form and size of G. marginatus. Color much the same, the side
margins of front lobe of pronotum with a yellow stripe which is clothed
with thick silvery pubescence; inner margins of basal third of elytra
usually marked with dull white or yellowish between the veins. Joint 1
of antenna? slightly longer than 2 and 3 united, 4 about two-thirds the
length of 1. Pronotum as in marginatus, the side margins of posterior
third of hind lobe wider and more depressed in both than in buenoi.
Length, 7.5 — 8.5 mm.

Staten Island, N. Y., April (Davis). Forest Hills, Mass.
(Barber). Chicago, 111., April 30 (Gerhard). Ranges from New
England west to Michigan and Illinois and southwest to Mis-

THE WHERRYMEN OR WATER STRIDERS. 977

sissippi. Very close to marginatus, but distinguished by the pale
marking at base of elytra, the silvery edge of front lobe of
pronotum and the narrower median emargination of male
genital. Not taken but doubtless occurs in northern Indiana,
as in Berrien Co., Mich., Hussey found it : "The most abundant
Gerris, with the possible exception of G. remigis, on all the wood-
land pools."

1115 (1290). Gerris canaliculars Say, 1832, 36; I, 363.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Above dark chestnut-brown; front
lobe of pronotum with median line and narrow edge of side margins dull
yellow; antennae reddish-brown, darker toward tips, the incisures pale;
beak, legs and under surface pale brownish-yellow, often with a dusky
tinge, the tarsi and tip of beak darker. Antenna? and middle and hind
legs very slender, the former with joints 1 and 4 subequal in length, 2
and 3 also subequal, each about three-fifths the length of 1. Pronotum
elongate, narrow, its median carina evident but feeble; disk granulate-
punctate with hind margin narrowly rounded. Elytra usually entire,
reaching almost to tip of abdomen. Median groove of under surface
extending onto metasternum. Length, 9.5 — 10.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 23 — March 2 ; a dozen or more specimens
taken from a small pond in the pine woods and a ditch in dense
hammock ; both adults and nymphs on the former date. Raleigh,
N. Car., March — November (Brimley). Staten Island, N. Y.,
Aug. 19 (Davis) . Recorded from Florida heretofore only from
St. Augustine, Titusville and Daytona in the northern third of
the State. Ranges from New England and New York west to
Ohio and southwest to Georgia and Florida. It is the most
slender-bodied of the genus, easily known by the pale under
surface with long median groove, and long acute spines of sixth
ventral. Bueno says that in New England it frequents secluded
little coves and bays of ponds. In his key (1923, 659) he places
this species with those having the antennae "not extending
beyond the thorax," whereas they reach to or beyond the sec-
ond dorsal. The three Staten Island specimens at hand are
wingless.

1116 (1291). Gerris rufoscutellatus Latreille, 1807, 134.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Head and front lobe of pronotum in
great part fuscous-black; remainder of upper surface, antenna?, beak and
middle and hind tibia? and tarsi, russet-brown; front legs, prosternum,
coxa? and middle and hind femora, pale brownish-yellow; sides of meso-
and metasterna blackish, with a silvery-gray lustre; abdomen dull yellow
with interrupted brownish stripes. Joint 1 of antenna? about as long as
2 and 3 united, 2 and 4 subequal, 3 slightly shorter. Disk of pronotum

978 FAMILY XXXI. — GERRID^E.

with a low but distinct entire median carina, its sides feebly but evidently
diverging from apex to the nodulose humeral angles; thence strongly
converging and feebly reflexed to the narrowly rounded base. Elytra
reaching apex of sixth dorsal, rarely absent. Under surface with median
groove reaching metasternum. Length, 12 — 15 mm.

Common on the smaller lakes of northern Indiana and in the
beach drift of Lake Michigan; not taken in the southern por-
tion (W.S.B.). Yaphank, N. Y., July 16 (Davis). It is a
palaearctic species occurring in northern Europe and Asia, and
in this country ranging from Quebec and New England west to
British Columbia and California and southwest to the moun-
tains of North Carolina. It is found on the still waters of ponds,
lakes and ditches, especially those in mountainous regions.
Drake states that it is very common about Cranberry Lake,
N. Y., where it is among the first of the water striders to ap-
pear in early spring. The eggs are deposited just beneath the
surface film of the water upon floating leaves of aquatic plants,
small sticks and other objects in the water. Bueno (1913, 109)
regards G. rufoscuteUatus as :

"Without a doubt the Hemipteron of widest actual distribution next
to Nezara viridula (L.). It is known across northern Europe through
Siberia, thence to British Columbia and Oregon, ranging east to the
Northern Atlantic region. Here we have a form undeniably palaearctic
in origin, which has migrated from its native source and travelled 15,000
miles to found its colonies throughout the North Temperate Zone. Its
route has certainly been via Bering Straits into Alaska and thence east
and south. Its habitat and its predaceous nature have both contributed
largely to its fitness for this long voyage. It is furnished with good
wings, sucks any insect it can overcome and lives on the surface of the
water. It has therefore had an unimpeded and favorable route from the
land of its nativity eastward until stopped at the impassable barrier of
the Atlantic ocean."

II. LlMNOGONUS Stal, 1868, 132 (Tenagogonus Stal).

Our members of this genus differ from Gerris mainly by the
characters given in the generic key, and form a sort of connect-
ing link between that genus and the others of the family. In
the wingless forms they have the antennae long and slender,
about reaching hind coxae; eyes very feebly concave within;
pronotum with disk semicircular, much shorter than meso-
notum, the latter oval with hind margin broadly rounded ; abdo-
men shorter than remainder of body, its side margins above
flattened near base, obtusely carinate and inflexed toward apex ;

THE WHERRYMEN OR WATER STRIDERS.

979

front legs stout, feebly curved, their tibiae slightly longer than
femora and basal joint of tarsus only half the length of apical
one ; middle and hind legs long and slender, the latter with
femur about one-fourth longer than tibia and tarsus united.
In the winged form the pronotum is subquadrate, fused with
mesonotum, the latter much as in Gerris, but more narrowly
rounded behind ; elytra narrowed behind, surpassing abdomen.
Two species occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF LIMXOGOXUS.

a. Head with two yellow lines united behind; joint 1 of antennae but

little longer than 3. 1117. hyalinus.

aa. Head without yellow lines; joint 1 of antennae slightly longer than

2 and 3 united. 1118. hesione.

1117 (1292). Limnogonus hyalinus (Fabricius), 1803, 258.

Head shining black with pale lines as in key; pronotum black, its
side and hind margins narrowly, two short lines and a narrow median
one on front lobe, dull yellow; elytra blackish-brown, their inner half a
paler brown; body beneath ochraceous, densely clothed with silvery
pubescence, pleura and ventrals with a black line each side; legs brown-
ish, front femora paler at base. Antennae blackish, joints 1 and 2 paler,
1 stoutest, subequal to 3; 2 shorter than 1. Pronotum not carinate, hind
margin thickened, the short front lobe distinctly denned. Front femora
and tibiae stout, slightly curved. Joint 1 of front tarsi much shorter
than 2. First genital of male acutely prolonged. Length, 8.5 — 10 mm.

A neotropical species, the only rec-
ord from our territory being that of
Bueno (1911, 245) who states that:
"It extends south from Florida
throughout South America."

1118 (1294). Limnogonus hesione (Kir-
kaldy, 1902a, 137.

Oblong-oval, rather robust. Above
black, shining, thickly clothed with a mi-
nute appressed pubescence; pronotum, wing-
less form, with a small median central spot
and the edge of hind margin reddish-yellow;
in winged form with margins of mesonotum
and base of head yellow; antennae and legs
in great part dark brown, the bases of front
femora paler; prosternum and coxae yellow;
under surface with a whitish bloom, the

meso- and metasterna blackish; abdomen yellow tinged with dusky.

Structural characters as above given. Length, 7 — 8 mm. (Fig. 195).

Fig. 195. X 3.
(After Osborn & Drake).

980 FAMILY XXXI. — GERRID^E.

Kosciusko Co., Ind., Aug. 27 ; taken in company with Gerris
marginatus in a bay of Tippecanoe Lake. Dunedin and R. P.
Park, Fla., Nov. 27 — April 25 ; mating on the latter date
(W.S.B.). Lake Okeechobee, Fla., April (Paris). Recorded
heretofore from Ohio, Michigan, Kansas, Daytona, Fla., and
Panama. About Dunedin it is frequent in several lakes, the
winged form almost as abundant as the wingless. When dis-
turbed it often leaps a foot or more several times in succession.
In Ohio Drake found the apterous form very common in Sep-
tember and October in ponds near Columbus. He states that :
"It seems to be distinctly a lacustrine species and found almost
entirely in the apterous form. They are very active little
creatures and congregate in immense numbers near the shore
in sheltered places."

III. Metrobates Uhler, 1871, 108.

Short-bodied, robust, opaque species, the brachypterous form
having the head broader across eyes than long, much narrower
than mesonotum; eyes very large, coarsely granulated, pro-
jecting widely over the sides of pronotum ; beak stout, hairy,
reaching mesosternum ; pronotum wider than long, narrower
than head, concave at middle ; mesonotum very large, subquad-
rate, its disk with a wide shallow median impression ; abdomen
short, declivent, its margins reflexed ; front legs short, joint 1 of
tarsi only about one-fourth the length of 2 ; middle and hind
legs very long, the middle femora stouter than and about two-
thirds the length of hind ones; hind tibiae and tarsi united only
as long as middle tarsi. Macropterous form with hind lobe of
pronotum extending back in the form of a broad triangle with
sides nearly straight and tip narrowly rounded ; elytra longer
than abdomen, the nervures prominent and membrane more
than twice as long as corium. But one species is known.

1119 (1295). Metrobates hesperius Uhler, 1871, 109.

Brachypterous form velvety black, opaque, densely clothed with a
very short velvety pile and, in fresh specimens, with a leaden bloom
which forms a wide median and two lateral stripes on mesonotum, covers
the greater part of dorsum of abdomen and the whole under surface;
base of first antennal, an interocular bilobed spot and a median spot in
depression of pronotum, usually dull reddish-yellow; antennae and legs
dark brown, the coxae yellow beneath. Nymphs with a median stripe
along the dorsal groove, two spots each side of mesonotum, the middle of
dorsals 3 — 6 and the greater part of under surface bright yellow. An-
tenna? almost as long as body, joint 1 gradually thickened from the base,

THE WHERRYMEN OR WATER STRIDERS. 981

feebly curved, as long- as the others united; 2 and 3 enlarged at tip, 3
shorter, 4 stouter, fusiform, slightly longer than 3. Hind tarsi 1-jointed;
front ones with claws placed one-third in front of tip. Length, 3 — 5 mm.

Kosciusko and Marion counties, Ind., Aug. 12 — Sept. 23
(W.S.B.). New Lenox, 111., Aug. 5 (Gerhard). Raleigh, N.
Car., Sept. 3 — Oct. 17 (Brimley). In Marion County numerous
small colonies were found in little bays of the quiet waters of
White River. Ranges from Ontario and New England west to
Michigan and Kansas and southwest to South Carolina. Uhler
(1884, 271) calls it: "A merry active little insect which moves
very rapidly over the water by rowing with its long middle
legs and occasionally jumps from the water to grasp mos-
quitoes, flies and other insects. The eggs are attached during
early summer to the projecting twigs, leaves and stems of
water plants and by the middle of that season multitudes of
the young may be seen in company with the adults on the
bayed-out quiet parts of our inland streams." The winged
form is apparently very scarce.

IV. Rheumatobates Bergroth, 1892a, 321.

Very small oblong or oblong-oval species having the head
quadrate, wider across eyes than long, its blunt tylus projected
forward between the bases of antennae ; eyes very large, coarse-
ly granulated ; antennas of males curiously curved and armed
with several short acute spines ; pronotum much wider than
long, its front and hind margins truncate ;mesonotum (brachyp-
terous form) subquadrate, three or more times as long as
pronotum ; elytra rarely present ; front legs short, stout, the
tibia less than half the length of femur, the basal joint of tarsi
very small, the second joint with apical half flattened beneath
and claws inserted near the middle ; middle legs very long and
slender, the tibiae and usually the femora of male fringed on
the inner side with long hairs.

Five species are known, three from our territory. Of the
strange antennae and other secondary sexual characters of the
males of our eastern species Bergroth (1908, 379) has written
as follows :

"The hind legs of the male are incrassated, curved and deformed in
a curious way with singular chitinous processes, making them unique
in their monstrousness among all known Heteroptera. The structure of
the male antennas is also very remarkable and unprecedented among other
Heteroptera. They much remind one of the male antennas in the Collem-

982 FAMILY XXXI. — GERRID^E.

bolan genus Sminthurides and it would be interesting to know if they are
used in the same manner as in Sminthurides, the male of which winds
them around the antennae of the female during copulation. They seem
at least admirably adapted to this purpose. Another point of interest
is that some of the spines and chitinous processes of the male antennae
and legs seem to be composed of hairs cemented together by some viscous
fluid. These insects probably have some glands secreting such a fluid.
Under the microscope the last antennal joint shows several sense-organs
and at the very tip an excavation bearing a short brush. A brush is
also situated at the inner end of the fore tibiae. The spongy pit at the
apical part of the third antennal joint may also be a sense-organ or pos-
sibly a suctorial organ. Unfortunately little is known of the biology of
these insects. As they thrive only on running water it would be difficult
if not impossible to rear and study them in aquaria."

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF RHEUMATOBATES.

a. Mesosternum wholly yellow; mesonotum distinctly broader than long
in both sexes ; hind femora of males swollen, strongly curved and
fringed within at basal third with a tuft of long hairs.

b. Median yellow spot on mesonotum large, not or scarcely narrower

than that on pronotum; tooth or spine of fourth antennal of male
placed in front of middle. 1120. rileyi.

bb. Median yellow spot of mesonotum much smaller, distinctly narrower
than the one on pronotum, in female sometimes wholly wanting;
spine on fourth antennal of male placed behind the middle.

1120a. var. palosi.
aa. Mesosternum yellow with the front margin and two feebly divergent
stripes brownish-black; mesonotum scarcely, male, or but slightly,
female, broader than long, its median pale spot narrower than that
of pronotum; hind femora of male, if swollen and curved, with
very short fine hairs along the whole inner margin.

c. Hind legs in both sexes simple, straight and hairless; middle tibiae

of male fringed with short hooked hairs along the entire inner
side. 1121. tenuipes.

cc. Hind femora of male swollen and curved as in rileyi; middle tibiae
of male fringed with long straight hairs on inner side of basal
half, with short straight ones on apical half. 1122. trulliger.

1120 (1297). Rheumatobates rileyi Bergroth, 1892a, 321.

Oblong, robust, narrowed behind. Above velvety black; a transverse
median spot on pronotum, a diamond-shaped median one on mesonotum,
a rounded one above the middle coxae, the front femora and the reflexed
connexivum, yellow; antennae, beak and middle and hind legs fuscous-
brown, the bases of first antennals and of the femora yellow; under
surface pale yellow, the abdomen often with a dusky tinge. Male with
first joint of antennae gradually thickened from the base, armed beneath
at apical third with one or two short spines; second joint very short,
armed with a slender spine near base; third strongly curved and with a
shallow spinose fossa at apical thii-d; fourth with apical half curved,
acute, armed in front of middle with a strong tooth. Middle tibiae of

THE WHERRYMEN OR WATER STRIDERS.

983

Fig. 196.

Male X 11 ; lower figure, abdomen from side.
(After Heidemann, Insect Life)..

male fringed with short hooked hairs on inner side of basal half; hind
femora of male swollen, strongly curved and fringed within on basal
third with a tuft of long hairs, the apex also with two tufts of hairs ; hind
tibia? narrowed and slightly curved at base, fringed above on inner side
with short stiff hairs and with a tuft of long hairs glued together pro-
jecting backward from the inner side of basal fourth. Female with an-
tennae and legs unmodified, the former beset with a few long stiff bristles.
Length, 2.8—3 mm. (Fig. 196).

Brooklyn, N. Y., and Cranford, N. J., August (Davis) . Ra-
leigh, N. C, Sept. 13 — Oct. 16 (Brimley). The known range
extends from New York west to Michigan and Minnesota and
southwest to North Carolina. Bueno (1905b, 41) states that
near Westfield, N. J., rilcyi "was extraordinarily abundant on
the still waters of Echo Lake. On the rivers it hugs the shores
and seeks the quiet waters of little coves. Only one winged
specimen was found out of hundreds taken." Hussey recorded
it as common on woodland pools in Berrien Co., Mich., the speci-
mens "being of the darker variety typical of more northern
latitudes." This is true of a male at hand from Rochester,

984 FAMILY XXXI. — GERRID,£.

Minn., in which there is only a trace of the usual yellow spot
on mesonotum and the under surface is almost wholly dark.

1120a ( — ). Rheumatobates rileyi palosi var. nov.

Differs from typical rileyi in having the body of male more slender,
yellow spot of mesonotum only about half the width of that of pro-
notum; tooth of apical joint of antennae situated behind instead of in
front of the middle of the joint; hind tibia? straighter, more slender,
without a tubercle on apical half and with a fringe of long hairs along
the entire inner side. Female with mesonotum wholly black. Length,
2.7 — 2.9 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Sept. 16 ; one pair and several nymphs taken
from the edge of a clump of water willows in White River.
Palos Park, 111. (Gerhard) ; two males, one female. Bergroth, in
his principal paper on the genus (1908, 381), uses the differen-
tial characters as set forth above as some of the principal ones
separating tenuipes from rileyi, but as the former species has the
mesosternum striped with black and the hind legs of male
simple, straight and hairless, the specimens above described
cannot be referred to it.

1121 (1298). Rheumatobates tenuipes Meinert, 1895, 7.

Form and size of rileyi. Color much the same, the yellow spot of
mesonotum narower than that of pronotum, sometimes absent; meso-
sternum with front margin and two longitudinal stripes blackish-brown.
Male with first joint of antennae more swollen, third joint with basal
half strongly curved, the spongy spinose fossa covering the under side
of apical half and preceded by a slender spine; fourth joint as long as
third, curved at base and apex, armed behind the middle with a strong
curved tooth. Macropterous form with pronotum prolonged backward
covering the mesonotum, its hind portion subtriangular with apex
rounded. Mesonotum of female not broader than long. Elytra longer
than abdomen, the corium, clavus and membrane distinct. Length,
2.8—3 mm.

Glen Echo, Md. (Davis). Raleigh, N. C, Sept. 13— Oct. 20
(Brimley). Recorded heretofore only from the District of
Columbia. The males are easily distinguished from those of
rileyi by the unmodified hind femora, the females by the striped
mesosternum. The macropterous form is very rare.

1122 (1298Va). Rheumatobates trulliger Bergroth, 1915a, 63.

Differs from its allies mainly by the characters given in key. Color
as in tenuipes. Mesonotum in both sexes slightly broader than long.
Joint 3 of antennae of male with spinose fossa occupying the apical third,
longer than in rileyi, shorter than in tenuipes, 4 shorter than 3, its spine
on basal half, but nearer to middle than base. Middle femora straight,

THE WHERRYMEN OR WATER STRIDERS. 985

with only a few hairs on inner margin near apex. Middle tibia? and hind
femora of male as in key. Apical third of hind tibiae with a distinct
spine on outer side, the space between the spine and apex beset with a
thick tuft of rather long hairs. Length, 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

Described from Bainbridge, Ga. Not recorded elsewhere.

V. Trepobates Uhler, 1894a, 213.

Short, robust species having the head short, declivent in
front, the interocular area equal to width of eye; beak short,
reaching mesosternum ; joint 1 of antennae longest, 2 shortest,
4 slightly longer than 3 ; pronotum, wingless form, wider than
long, concave at middle, its front and hind margins truncate ;
mesonotum subquadrate, about twice as long as pronotum, its
hind margin truncate ; metanotum in part visible ; abdomen
short, conical, the connexiva strongly reflexed ; middle and hind
legs very long, but shorter than in Metrobates, front tarsi 3-
jointed, hind ones 1-jointed. Male with genital plate convex,
very short; female with apex of last ventral truncate. One
species is known.

1123 (1296). Trepobates pictus (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1848, 111.

Wingless form — Oblong, male; oblong-oval, more robust, female.
Color above black and yellow, the markings very variable; head usually
with a median black stripe, enclosed on sides and
base by a yellow one; disk of pronotum with
either three short stripes or two longer wider
ones, the middle black; mesonotum largely black,
usually with an oval yellow spot each side, some-
times with two yellow stripes, each enclosing a
black one; abdomen with dorsals usually in part
yellow; connexivals each with a yellow spot; an-
tennae and beak black, the first joint of each yel-
low at base; femora yellow streaked with black;
tibiae and tarsi fuscous-black; under surface a
nearly uniform yellowish-white. Winged form—
Fig. 197, x 5. Pronotum and elytra dark brown, the former with

(After Uhler i. a sman anteapical spot, a stripe each side and

the hind margin yellow; inner wings and legs in great part brown. Pro-
notum prolonged backward, its hind portion broadly triangular with
apex narrowly rounded. Elytra surpassing abdomen by one-half the
length of membrane. Other structural characters as under generic
heading. Length, 3.8 — 4.5 mm. (Fig. 197).

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., Sept. 16 — 28 ; common
in the former on the canal and in the small bays of White
River; often in company with Metrobates hesperius and Rhagovelia
oriander. Gualan, Guatemala (Bueno). Plummer's Island, Md.,

986 FAMILY XXXI. — GERRID^E.

June — August (Barber). When taken in a water net it is a
very active leaper in its efforts to avoid capture, while the other
two species run rather slowly about on the bottom of the net.
Its known range extends from New England west to Michigan
and Illinois and southwest to Florida, Louisiana, Arizona and
Central America. The only Florida record to be found is that
of Uhler (1884, 270), viz.: "Massachusetts to Florida." Only a
few fully winged individuals have been taken in this country,
but in the West Indies and Venezuela that form is the prevail-
ing one. Bueno (1908b, 389) has shown that the long-winged
individuals of this species and Rheumatobates rileyi at times break
off their own elytra in order to facilitate mating.

VI. Halobates Escholtz, 1822, 106.

Small robust short-bodied species having the head short,
slightly wider across eyes than pronotum, its front portion
declivent ; beak awl-shaped, reaching middle of prosternum ;
pronotum shorter than head, transverse, its front margin con-
cave ; mesonotum more convex and on a higher plane than pro-
notum ; elytra absent ; front legs shorter and stouter than the
others, their tibiae slightly shorter than femora, and tarsi
nearly as long as tibiae, the two joints subequal in length;
middle and hind legs slender, longer than body, hind femora
longer than tibiae and tarsi united.

The members of this genus live in large colonies on the sur-
face of the warm and quiet parts of the ocean, often several
hundred miles from the nearest land. It is, says Uhler (1884,
269) :

"In the region of calms near the equator and amidst the great tracts
of Sargassum which float there that these creatures are most at home
and appear in the greatest numbers. As the patches of this sea-weed are
sometimes widely distributed by storms and currents, the insects oc-
casionally occur at long distances from their original home, even as far
north as the coast of North Carolina. The strands of floating sea-weed
furnish them a nidus for the attachment of their eggs similar to that
which their brethren of the fresh water find in their native streams on the
mainland."

Two species are known off the coasts of North America, one
from our territory.

1124 (1299). Halobates micans Escholtz, 1822, 107.

Oval, robust. Color a nearly uniform velvety black, densely clothed
with a very fine leaden-gray pile; base of head and prosternum some-

THE SMALLER WATER STRIDERS. 987

times vaguely yellowish; tarsi dark brown. Basal joint of antennas near-
ly as long as the others united, 3 shortest, 4 twice the length of 3. Length,
4 — 4.5 mm.

Ocean Beach, Miami, Fla., Sept. 23 (Davis). Recorded also
from Lake Worth, Fla. Occurs occasionally along the Atlantic
coast as far north as North Carolina.

Family XXXII. VELIIM] Amyot & Serville, 1843, 418.

The Smaller Water Striders.

Semi-aquatic Heteroptera of small or medium size, having
the body short, oblong or oval ; head as wide across eyes as
pronotum, declivent in front ; beak 4-jointed, reaching behind
front coxse, joint 3 longer than the others united ; ocelli ab-
sent; eyes small, coarsely granulated; antennae 4-jointed; pro-
notum fused with the mesonotum ; elytra usually wanting,
when present reaching tip of abdomen with connexivum
usually rather widely exposed ; legs relatively short, the hind
femora not or but slightly surpassing abdomen ; middle legs,
except in Rhagovelia, equidistant from front and hind ones ;
tarsi variable as to genus.

The family is a small one, only about 25 species occurring in
North America. Its members have the legs fitted for walking
rather than rowing over the water film and, says Bueno (1916a,
53) :

"They dwell, as do their larger cousins, the Gerrida?, wherever there
is water to bear them on its elastic surface, except that, being far small-
er, they do not require such wide reaches for a contented existence. Some
may be found in the narrow confines of springs and water holes; others in
swift streams where the ripples braid the surface; or again, in salt coast
estuaries; and finally certain ones seek the shelter of vegetation growing
in slow-moving streams or on the edges of ponds. None, however, are
such daring navigators as are the larger Gerrida?, but pass most of their
time near the banks, often making short journeys out over the land
where they move about with ease."

The principal literature treating of our eastern species is by
Uhler, 1884, 1894a; Champion, 1898; Bueno, 1907a, 1916a,
1923, 1924, 1924a; Parshley, 1921a; Drake, 1919b and 1920.
Our eastern species are distributed among three genera.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF VELIID.E.

a. Front tarsi 2-jointed; fourth antennal (in our species) longest.

I. Microvelia, p. 988.

988 FAMILY XXXII. — VELIID^E.

aa. Front tarsi 1- or 3-jointed; first antennal longest.

b. Middle tarsi with third joint split, the cleft with a tuft of feathery
hairs (fig. 199, c) ; front tarsi 1-jointed; color black or leaden-
gray. II. Rhagovelia, p. 995.
bb. Middle tarsi not split and without feathery hairs; front tarsi 3-
jointed; color brown or brownish-yellow. III. Velia, p. 999.

I. Microvelia Westwood, 1834, 647.

Very small, oblong, rather robust species having the head
convex, usually with a median impressed line, inserted in
thorax to eyes, its front portion obtusely conical ; eyes promi-
nent, coarsely granulated ; winged form with pronotum highest
and widest near middle, its front portion with a more or less
distinct collar, humeral angles prominent, hind portion pro-
longed, subdepressed and obtusely triangular; elytra when
present, membranous, with few cells, reaching tip of abdomen ;
connexivum elevated, usually not or but feebly exposed ; legs
short, rather stout, subequal in length, femora unarmed ; front
tarsi 2-jointed, middle and hind ones 3-jointed, the basal joint
very small, joint 3 longest with tarsal claws inserted before its
apex.

Of the members of this genus Bueno has written (1923,
419) :

"It contains not only the smallest of the water-striders, but also of
all the water-dwellers among our Eastern Hemiptera. It is probably the
most abundant as to numbers and species, and the most widely dis-
tributed, since it is known from all the continents, nearly all islands and
occurs in every zoological region. Be it pond, lake or stream, it is al-
ways possible to secure these tiny beings hiding among the grasses or
walking about the banks or stalking their game on the green fields of
duck-weed floating on some placid pool. As regards wing length the
members of this genus are dimorphic, or even polymorphic and the winged
and wingless forms are so notably different that they have been fre-
quently taken for distinct species."

Ten species have been recorded from the eastern states, but
two of these, described by Uhler'"1 from the West Indies, are of
very doubtful occurrence in this country.

'"The only North American record of his M. marginata is that of Uhler (1894a.
219). who states that "it occurs in the United States from Florida to Northern New
Jersey.'' The principal distinctive characters as given by him in his original de-
scription (1893. 719) are: "Dull black with pronotum bordered with orange; elytra
black, bluntly rounded at tip ; abdomen beneath with lateral margin broadly fulvous.
Antenme stout, third and fourth joints longer than the others, the fourth longest ;
basal Joint thicker than the others, pale beneath, much longer than second. Length,
2.2 mm." As far as known it is not represented in any collection in this country
and is therefore not included in this work. Of the other. M. robusta Uhl. (1894a,
219). the only North American record which can be found is that of Van Duzee (1917,
434) from Florida. Since he cites only the original description, where it is men-
tioned only from Grenada, it, also, is not further considered.

THE SMALLER WATER STRIDERS. 989

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MIOROVELIA.

a. Antennae equal to or shorter than head and thorax united; abdomen
of wingless form without silvery pubescence.
b. Antennae shorter than head and thorax united; hind tibiae curved in
male; pronotum, wingless form, with a transverse linear im-
pression before the middle; male elongate, fusiform, female or-
bicular (fig. 198, a and b) . 1125. borealis.
bb. Antennae subequal in length to head and thorax united; hind tibiae
straight in both sexes; pronotum without the linear impression;
sexes quite similar in form.
c. Color sooty black; wingless form with pronotum produced back-
ward to second dorsal and minute white elytral pads present;
length, 1.6 — 2 mm. 1126. atrata.
cc. Color pale to dark brown; wingless form with pronotum not pro-
duced backward, reaching at most the base of first dorsal and
elytra wholly absent.
d. Fourth antennal but slightly shorter than width of interocular
area, more than twice as long as second; mesonotum visible;
length, 1.3 — 1.6 mm. 1127. hinei.
dd. Fourth antennal but little more than half as long as width of
interocular area, but little longer than second; mesonotum
not visible; length, 1.5 — 1.8 mm. 1128. austrina.
aa. Antennae longer than head and thorax united; abdomen of wingless
form often with silvery pubescence.
e. Joint 1 of antennae shorter than 3, 4 subequal to 2 and 3 united;
elytra with several white spots; wingless form shining, almost
smooth; length, 2.3 mm. 1129. albonotata.
ee. Joints 1 and 3 of antennae subequal in length; wingless forms pu-
bescent, opaque.
/. Joint 4 of antennae slightly longer than 2 and 3 united; abdomen
and connexivum of wingless form with conspicuous tufts of
silvery pubescence; length, 1.7 mm. 1130. buenoi.
ff. Joint 4 of antennae much shorter than 2 and 3 united ; length,
2 — 2.3 mm.
g. Wingless form with mesonotum concealed by pronotum; dorsum
of abdomen with patches of fine bluish-gray pubescence on
base and apex; winged form unknown. 1131. fontinalis.
gg. Wingless form with mesonotum visible; dorsum of abdomen, but
not the connexivum, with conspicuous patches of silvery-gray
pubescence; elytra of winged form brown, unicolorous or
nearly so. 1132. Americana.

1125 (1303). Microvelia borealis Bueno, 1916a, 59.

Winged form — Elongate, slender, subfusiform, male; broader, sub-
orbicular, female. Head and pronotum dark velvety-brown, the former
with a streak of silvery pubescence next the eyes; elytra fuscous, the
cells grayish, the apical one with a whitish stripe; base of first antennal,
a transverse spot on front margin of pronotum, prosternum, coxae, basal
half of femora and middle of abdomen, dull yellow; remainder of under

990

FAMILY XXXII. — VELIID^E.

Fig. 198. Microvelia borealis Hueno. <i, Adult wingless male; 6, adult wingless
female; C, winged female, X 15. (After Hungerford).

surface fuscous-brown, thickly clothed with very fine silvery-gray pu-
bescence. Joints 1 and 3 of antennae subequal in length, the former much
the stouter, 2 shortest, half the length of 3, 4 fusiform, .slightly longer
than 3. Pronotum as long as broad, its humeral angles swollen. Male
with elytra as wide as abdomen and hind tibiae distinctly curved. Female
with connexivum slightly exposed. Wingless form — Darker, the under
surface wholly blackish; female with dorsals of abdomen 1 — 3 black at
middle, 4 and 5 wholly black; remainder with a leaden bloom, connexivals
each with a small yellow spot; male with these markings vague or ab-
sent. Mesonotum in great part visible, its middle one-half as long as
pronotum, the latter with transverse impressed line very distinct. Length,
1.6—2 mm. (Fig. 1985"5*).

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., Sept. 23 — 28. In Marion
County all stages were taken in numbers from a pond contain-
ing much calcareous sediment and many water weeds. M. ameri-
cana was not found in this pond but was abundant in the cold
water of spring-fed branches not one hundred yards distant.
Clark Junction, Ind., April 4; Chicago, 111., July 22 (Gerhard).
White Plains, N. Y., Sept. 29 (Barber). Ranges from Maine and
Massachusetts west to Illinois and Kansas. Not recorded south
of New Jersey. Of its habits Bueno (loc. cit.) says :

"This is perhaps the most abundant of our native Microvelias, and
may always be found in large colonies on the matted Lemna or duck-
weed on still ponds. It is just as predaceous as its larger congeners and
is most frequently found in the wingless form, although the fully winged
one is not rare. It begins to breed on emergence from its winter quar-
ters, and lays its eggs on the under side of the duckweed leaves with the
head end toward the edge of the leaf, in the usual gelatine. The nymphs
emerge in 8 to 13 days, and after four molts reach the adult stage in
about 16 days minimum or 24 days from the egg to the adult, which would
allow for eight generations in a summer. As one female may lay sev-
eral batches of eggs, her progeny may be found in various instars at
the same time. Attention is directed to the unusual number of molts, as
the general rule in Heteroptera is five."

""a In the figure the hind tibiae of male are erroneously shown as straight.

THE SMALLER WATER STRIDERS. 991

Drake (1920, 207) records it as common throughout Ohio,
and Hussey (1922, 35) as numerous in September among bul-
rushes in Berrien Co., Mich.

1126 (1306%). Microvelia atrata Bueno, 1916a, 60.

Wingless form — Elongate-oblong, sides subparallel, male; obovate,
female; finely pubescent and pilose. Head, pronotum except front mar-
gin, and middle of dorsum, dark reddish-brown; base of first antennal,
collar of pronotum, connexivum, both above and beneath, coxae and base
of femora, dull yellow; remainder of legs and antennae fuscous-brown;
under surface blackish. Head short, blunt, oval; eyes strongly protrud-
ing. Joint 1 of antennae stoutest, curved, nearly as long as 4; 2 — 4
gradually increasing in length, the fourth longest, fusiform. Pronotum
obtusely triangular, extending back to base of second dorsal, with a white
wing-pad protruding from beneath each humeral angle, its disk without
impressed line, finely and sparsely punctate. Genital segment visible from
above in both sexes. Winged form — Velvety-sooty-black with clavus and
corium milk-white at base and a white patch in middle cell. Length, wing-
less form, 1.6 — 1.8; winged form, 1.7 — 2 mm.

R. P. Park, Fla., two specimens taken Dec. 16, one April 6 ;
all three by sifting bases of dense clumps of a tall wire-grass
growing in pine land one-fourth of a mile from water
(11\ S. B.) . Billy's Island, Okefenokee Swamp, Ga., June
(Bucuo). This is the type locality and it has heretofore been
recorded only from there.

1127 (— ). Microvelia hinei Drake, 1920, 207.

Winged form — Elongate-oblong, narrowed behind. Head and pro-
notum dark brown, the former with a line of whitish bloom along inner
margin of each eye, the latter with a yellowish transverse line behind its
front margin; elytra pale brown, clavus and corium each with an oblique
whitish stripe, corium with an oblique oval spot behind these stripes ;
membrane with three white spots, the apical one oblong; legs and pro-
notum dull yellow, tibiae and tarsi tinged with fuscous; under surface
dark brown, thickly clothed with fine bluish-gray pubescence. Antennae
reddish-brown; joint 2 shortest, 1 and 3 subequal, each about two-fifths
longer than 2, 4 longest. Head and pronotum rather thickly clothed with
very fine whitish hairs, the latter pentagonal and with a fine median
carina. Wingless form — Elongate-oval, male, slightly broader, female.
Ground color as above; abdomen with second, third and fourth dorsals
bluish with a narrow median yellow stripe, first and fifth dark brown
with a similar stripe, sixth and seventh bluish with an elevated polished
brown median line; connexivals each with a large median yellow spot.
Pronotum nearly four times as wide as long, with a transverse curved
row of punctures near front margin and another row behind middle.
Mesonotum visible, more than half as long as pronotum. Metanotal tri-
angles each about one-third as long as width of mesonotum. Side mar-
gins of connexivum straight, male, evenly curved, female. Nymphs broad-
ly oval. Length, 1.3 — 1.6 mm.

992 FAMILY XXXII. — VELIID^E.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Nov. 18— April 23 (IV. S. B.).
Found in numbers around Dunedin in small pools and ditches
and among the water-weeds along the margins of ponds and
lakes ; one was also sifted from grass-roots some distance from
water. At the Park a half dozen were taken from decaying
weeds and other debris in a slough of the everglades. These
are the first records for the State. Ann Arbor, Mich., July 30 —
Aug. 5 (Hussey). Described from Ohio. The known range
extends from New England west to Michigan and southwest to
Florida and Mississippi. The white markings of the elytra of
the macropterous form are very similar to those of albonotata
Champ.

1128 ( — ). Microvelia austrina Bueno, 1924, 191.

Wingless form— Elongate-oblong, sides parallel or nearly so. Color
a nearly uniform dark brown, clotbed with very fine appressed grayish
hairs; front margin of pronotum reddish-brown; antennae fuscous-brown,
the second joint sometimes paler; legs brownish-yellow, tinged with fus-
cous, the front femora wholly yellow; abdomen without spots of silvery
pubescence. Head strongly convex, its median impressed line distinct.
Antennae relatively stout, joints 2 and 3 subequal in length, 1 slightly
shortest, 3 most slender, 4 fusiform, slightly longer than 3, but little more
than half as long as width of interocular area. Pronotum subquadrate,
about one-third wider than long, front margin truncate, hind one very
slightly rounded ; disk with reddish front margin smooth, remainder dis-
tinctly punctate and with an entire median carina. Mesonotum con-
cealed; metanotal triangles very small. Hind tibiae straight in both
sexes. Abdomen with sides subparallel, the connexiva wide, subvertical,
male; distinctly narrowed behind with connexiva strongly reflexed
against the dorsum, female; last three dorsals with a fine median im-
pressed line. Length, 1.5 — 1.8 mm.

Raleigh, N. Car., April 30 — May 22 (Brimley). Bueno's types
were from Raleigh and it is not known elsewhere. The small
size, parallel body, uniform brown color, short subequal joints
of antennae and strongly reflexed connexiva of female, readily
distinguish this from all our other species. The M. parallela
Blatch. (1925,48) is a synonym.

1129 (1304). Microvelia albonotata Champion, 1898, 129.

Winged form — Elongate, slender, sides subparallel. Head and pro-
notum dark brown, the former with two short, vague reddish-brown
stripes, also a line of white bloom along inner margin of each eye; a
transverse spot on front margin of pronotum, and its side margins be-
neath, beak, connexivum, coxae, femora in great part, and genital plate,
dull yellow; elytra brown, clavus and corium each with an oblique white
stripe, the latter also with a large oval white spot; membrane with three

THE SMALLER WATER STRIDERS. 993

similar spots; tibia? and tarsi pale brown; under surface dark brown,
clothed with very fine bluish-gray pubescence. Head without a median
impressed line. Antennae long and very slender, joint 1 three-fifths
longer than 2, 3 twice as long as 2, 4 as in key, nearly twice as long as
width of vertex. Pronotum slightly wider at middle than long, its hind
margin with apex narrowly rounded. Wingless form — Elongate, sub-
fusiform, male; stouter, oblong and subparallel, female. Brownish-yel-
low, first two dorsals blackish-brown, next three greenish-yellow; under
surface greenish-yellow, the sides of ventrals pale. Male with hind
femora and tibia? armed beneath with a row of short spines. Female
with connexiva more strongly subvertically elevated than male. Length,
2.2—2.5 mm.

Mobile, Ala., Sept. 8 (Gerhard) . Plummer's Island, Md., Aug.
15 {Barber). White Plains and Valhalla, N. Y., September —
October (Bueno). Described from Guatemala. Definitely re-
corded in this country from Massachusetts, New York, New
Jersey, Illinois, Maryland and Georgia. Bueno (1923, 421) says
of this species: "It is the largest of our eastern forms except
americana, from which its slim body, long thin antennae and
white spangled hemelytra at once distinguish it."

1130 (— ). Microvelia buenoi Drake, 1920a, 20.

Winged form — Elongate, subfusiform. Head, pronotum and under
surface dark velvety brown; base of antenna?, a transverse line on front
margin of pronotum, coxa? and femora in great part, yellow ; elytra
brown, the membranous cells whitish; antenna?, tibia? and tarsi paler
brown ; head with silvery-gray hairs next the eyes and under surface
clothed with fine grayish hairs. Antenna? as in key. Pronotum slightly
wider across middle than long, humeral angles rounded, nodulose. Elytra
covering the abdomen. Female a little larger and more robust than
male. Wingless form — Blackish-brown; abdomen with a spot of silvery
hairs on each side of the first two and last two dorsals, and on each con-
nexival. Pronotum at middle about three times as long as mesonotum.
Length, 1.7 — 2 mm.

Clark Junction, Lake Co., Ind., July 4 ; Chicago, 111., April —
May (Gerhard). Described from near Cranberry Lake, N. Y.
Recorded also from Massachusetts, Michigan and Minnesota.
"The species dwells in small secluded coves very near the shore,
usually under the shelter of overhanging vegetation or among
aquatic plants. A few were taken on moist ground quite near
the water's edge." (Drake).

1131 (1306y2). Microvelia fontinalis Bueno, 1916a, 58.

Wingless form — Oblong-oval or subfusiform, rather robust. Above
dark reddish-brown thickly clothed with fine appressed yellowish hairs;
head with a median blackish line; front margin of pronotum, middle of
first and second dorsals and a large spot above and below on each con-

994 FAMILY XXXII. — VELUDJE.

nexival, usually brownish-yellow; sides of second and third dorsals ana
the whole of sixth and seventh ones usually bluish-gray; beak, prester-
num, basal half of first antennal and legs except knees and tarsi, dull
yellow; under surface blackish, thickly clothed with rather long grayish
hairs. Head obtusely triangular, convex, slightly longer than width of
vertex; eyes small, rounded, not prominent. Antennae relatively stout,
pilose, joint 2 shortest, 1 and 3 subequal, 4 longest, 3 most slender. Pro-
notum with two transverse rows of rather coarse punctures. Abdomen
with seven dorsal segments and genital visible; connexivum strongly
reflexed, more so in female. Length, 2 — 2.3 mm.

Putnam Co., Ind., Sept. 28; three adults and nymph taken
from the pools below a hillside spring (//'. 5". B.). White Plains,
N. Y., April — August {Bueno). Recorded heretofore only from
New York, New Jersey, Ohio and Michigan. Bueno (loc. cit.)
says : "It was taken in numbers at White Plains in a spring in
a marshy woodland, where it clings to the long mosses growing
into the water or walks about leisurely a short distance from
the rocky sides of the basin." Resembles americana but less
tapering behind, pronotum distinctly punctate, mesonotum not
visible and pale dorsal patches of abdomen usually better de-
fined and bluish instead of silvery-gray as there.

1132 (1307). Microvelia Americana (Uhler), 1884, 274.

Elongate-oval, robust for the genus. Winged form with head, pro-
notum, and under surface in great part black, thickly clothed with
minute appressed yellow or grayish hairs ; narrow edges of pronotum and
a transverse line on its front margin, basal joint of antennae, a large spot
on each connexival, legs except knees and tarsi, and last ventral in great
part, yellow; antennae, except base and knees and tarsi, fuscous-brown;
elytra fuscous-brown, the cells in fresh specimens vaguely paler. An-
tennae as in key, joint 2 shortest, 4 slightly longer than 3. Pronotum as
wide at middle as long, its humeral angles less prominent than in the
smaller species, apex of hind margin obtusely angled. Elytra narrower
than abdomen, the connexivum subvertical, widely exposed. Wingless
form — Darker, the legs in great part dark brown; connexivals each with
a large median oval yellow spot; under surface thickly clothed with sil-
very-gray hairs. Pronotum with a transverse linear impression in front
of middle. Length, 2.1 — 2.4 mm.

Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties, Ind., July 16 — Sept.
23 (W.S.B.). Palos Park, 111., and Golden, Colo., July— Sep-
tember (Gerhard). This is our largest and most widely dis-
tributed species, ranging from Ontario and New England west-
ward over almost the entire United States. No definite Florida
station is recorded, but both Van Duzee and Bueno include that
State in their distributional notes. Of its habits Uhler (1884,
275) says:

THE SMALLER WATER STRIDERS. 995

"It is a very attractive object when seen upon the surface of a quiet
brook, where it runs over the water film with astonishing rapidity, not
with the rowing impulses of a Gerris, but standing well up and moving
all the legs in steady succession. In the Middle States they hibernate in
colonies beneath the overhanging banks of the smaller streams. Only in
warm sheltered situations do they pass to the full completion of the
winged adult stage, and in the colder parts of the country, as in Maine
and lower Canada, they seem to be always unwinged."

Bueno (1923, 420) states that: "The young, after five molts,
reach the adult stage in some six weeks. As breeding begins
about April, there may be as many as four or five broods before
the end of October. It seems to prefer the sloping banks of
sluggish streams or ponds, or to perch on partly submerged
sticks, or on the sides of springs or water holes in the outgrow-
ing mosses. It is pre-eminently predaceous and will attack in
force any insects struggling in the water."

II. Rhagovelia Mayr., 1865, 445.

Robust species of medium size for the family, readily dis-
tinguished by the 1-jointed front tarsi and the long, deeply
cleft terminal joint of the second pair. In this cleft there is a
row of long ciliated hairs arising from a common base. When
the insect moves on the surface of the water these are extended
fan-like, but in repose are folded back within the fissure. They
have the head short, blunt, wider across eyes than front margin
of pronotum ; antennae rather stout, the basal joints with erect
bristly hairs, joint 1 longest, slightly curved, about two-thirds
longer than 2 ; 2 and 3 subequal, 4 usually slightly shorter than
3. Pronotum variable as to species; elytra usually wanting;
basal joint of middle tarsi very short or wanting. Male of
wingless form with hind margin of pronotum broadly rounded
or subangulate; abdomen apically much narrowed, the con-
nexivum strongly subvertically reflexed. Female of wingless
form with hind margin of pronotum either subtruncate or pro-
longed as a blunt spine ; connexiva usually reflexed against part
of the dorsal surface of abdomen.

Of the function of the tuft of hairs in the slit of middle
tarsus Bueno (1907a, 63) states: "The middle tarsus is in con-
tact with the water along its entire length, with the slit ver-
tical to the surface. When in this position the spread tuft of
hairs projects beneath into the water and is a powerful
auxiliary in swimming." Five species are known from the

996 FAMILY XXXII. — VELIID,£.

eastern states.''7 On account of the rarity of macropterous in-
dividuals the following key is based on the brachypterous ones
alone.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF RHAGOVELIA.
a. Last joint of middle tarsi subequal in length to or longer than the
one preceding; hind femora of male distinctly swollen, spinose
beneath; reflexed connexiva of female almost meeting along part
of the dorsal surface of abdomen; color blackish, sometimes with a
faint bronze lustre. Fresh water species.
b. Pronotum of female subtruncate behind; hind femora of male not
more swollen than in female, armed beneath on apical half only.
c. Connexivum narrowly or not at all yellow; joint 1 of antennas dis-
tinctly more than one and one-half times as long as 4.
d. Meso- and metanota broadly exposed behind the pronotum; first
segment of connexivum of female with a tuft of long matted
hairs arising from its hind angle; front trochanters of males
with a stout black spine on outer face. 1133. obesa.

dd. Mesonotum wholly and metanotum in great part, concealed be-
neath pronotum ; first segment of female connexivum without
tuft of hairs; front trochanters of males unarmed.

1134. CHOREUTES.

cc. Connexivum with margins broadly yellow; joint 1 of antennae not

more than one and one-half times as long as 4; front trochanters

of male armed and first connexival of female with tuft of hairs

as in obesa. 1135. flavicincta.

bb. Pronotum of female prolonged backward in a slightly elevated

knobbed process ; hind femora of male strongly swollen, armed

beneath throughout their length. 1136. oriander.

act. Last joint of middle tarsi distinctly shorter than the one preceding;

hind femora not swollen, in males minutely setose beneath; reflexed

connexiva of female widely separated throughout their length;

color leaden gray. Salt-water species. 1137. plumbea.

1133 (1309). Rhagovelia obesa Uhler, 1871, 107.

Oblong-ovate, strongly narrowed behind. Above black, with a brown-
ish or bronzed tinge; pronotum with a small orange-red spot each side of
median line and narrow side margins of both it and connexivum orange-
red; antenna?, tibia? and tarsi dark brown; coxa?, trochanters and usually
the base of front femora yellow ; under surface clothed with a short
bluish-sericeous pile, this extending over front margin of pronotum. Head
with interocular area scarcely wider than eye, and with a fine elevated
longitudinal line. Antenna? with a few short erect hairs. Pronotum
minutely very sparsely punctate and with a fine median carina, its hind
margin broadly rounded, male, subtruncate, female; in winged females
with apex prolonged, curved upward, its tip slightly widened, feebly
forked. Meso- and metanota both fully exposed as concentric rings be-

•'7Tue "Indiana" records of Walker (1873, 161) and Champion (1898. 13fi) for
/,'. distincta Champ, were probably based on a mislabelled specimen as distincta is a
Mexican species known in this country only from Arizona.

THE SMALLER WATER STRIDERS.

997

Fig. 199. Rhagovelia obesa Uhl. a, Male; h, female X 10 ; c, cleft terminal
joint of middle tarsus with enclosed tuft of fringed hairs. (After Hungerford).

hind the pronotum (fig. 199, b) . Middle femora in both sexes distinctly
longer than hind ones, the latter armed beneath at apical third with a
rather stout curved spine, this followed toward apex by several minute
teeth. Female with appressed connexiva contiguous above fourth dorsal,
then divergent and again contiguous over the last one or two dorsals
(this character not well shown in the figure) ; first dorsal genital seg-
ment less than twice as wide as second. Length, 3.5 — 4 mm. (Fig. 199).

Staten Island, N. Y. ; Cranford and Lakehurst, N. Jer., July —
August (Doris). Cornwall, Conn., July 7 (Frost). Its recorded
range extends from Ontario and New England west to Michi-
gan and southwest in the coastwise states to Florida ; also Utah
and California. Not definitely known from Indiana but per-
haps occurs in the northern counties. The only Florida record
is that of Uhler (1876, 334) under the name of R. col/or is Burm.
and probably should be referred to choreutes. It is probable that
many of the inland and western records should be referred to
oriander. Of the habits of R. obesa Bueno states : "This species
is found in the rapid parts of streams throughout the Atlantic
States. In such places they congregate in schools, swimming
powerfully in zigzags against the current, or at times sheltered
behind some outjutting rock, placidly paddling in the eddies
that swirl about it. It is sometimes found winged about New
York, but so rarely that my 15 years collecting have yielded
only seven."

1134 ( — ). Rhagovelia choreutes Hussey, 1925, 67.

Form and size of obesa. Dull black; hind portion of pronotum, meta-
notum and basal dorsals of abdomen thickly clothed with very short yel-
lowish hairs; two spots near front margin of pronotum, basal third of

998 FAMILY XXXII. — VELIID^.

first joint of antennas, coxa?, trochanters, basal halves of front femora
and margin of basal third or more of connexivum, orange-yellow; under
surface of body and apical fifth of pronotum densely clothed with bluish-
gray pile. Head across eyes more than twice as broad as long; vertex
convex, its base about one-third wider than diameter of an eye. Joint 1
of antenna? nearly twice as long as 4, 2 slightly longer than 3. Prono-
tum extending much farther back than in obesa, covering the mesonotum
and part of metanotum, its hind margin broadly rounded, male, sub-
truncate, female; disk coarsely, rather sparsely irregularly punctate.
Connexiva of female meeting above the last dorsal, sometimes above the
last three, their basal halves widely separated. Legs distinctly shorter
and stouter than in obesa, the hind femora armed beneath much as there.
Length, 3.6 — 3.8 mm.

Gainesville, Fla., Oct. 13 (Husscy) ; this, the type and only
recorded locality, several hundred specimens having been there
collected.

1135 ( — ). Rhagovelia flavicincta Bueno, 1924a, 249.

Form of the two preceding species but less robust than either. Dull
black; vertex and basal two-thirds of pronotum more shining; basal third
or more of first antennal, a large transverse spot on apical third of prono-
tum, entire margin of connexivum, prosternum, coxa?, trochanters and
basal third of front femora, a rather bright yellow ; under surface densely
clothed with a fine bluish pile; last ventral and genital fuscous and with
scattered yellow hairs. Antenna? fuscous-brown, joint 1 distinctly curved,
2 and 3 subequal, 4 slightly shorter than either. Pronotum covering in
great part the mesonotum, its hind margin broadly rounded, male, sub-
truncate, and impressed at middle, female; metanotum exposed as in
obesa. Connexiva of female almost meeting above fourth dorsal, then
slightly divergent and again subcontiguous above the last one, the first
segment with a tuft of matted hairs. Male with a stout black spine on
front trochanters, and basal spines of hind femora stouter than in obesa,
the shorter ones following of nearly equal length. Female with trochan-
ters unarmed, basal spine of hind femora longer and more slender than
in male, the others minute. Length, 3.2 — 3.8 mm.

Raleigh and Swannanoa, N. C, July 17 — Oct. 20 (Brimley).
Known only from that State.

1136 ( — ). Rhagovelia oriander Parshley, 1922, 19.

Form and size of R. obesa. General color darker, without the faint
bronzed tinge of obesa; yellow markings the same, the spots on front
margin of pronotum obscured by a bluish bloom. In addition to the struc-
tural differences given in key, the male has the hind margin of pronotum
obtusely angulate; abdomen wider, less narrowed apically; hind femora
much more swollen, armed above on inner side near middle with an acute
spine, this preceded on basal half with a row of fine, equal, closely-set
teeth, and followed on apical half by two rows of fine teeth, those of the
upper row the larger. The female, in addition to the knobbed process,

THE SMALLER WATER STRIDERS. 999

which is not forked at tip as in the winged form of obesa, differs in hav-
ing the refiexed connexiva approximate, but not contiguous on apical
fourth of abdomen ; basal half of middle femora compressed, and first
dorsal genital more than twice as wide as second. Length, 3.6 — 3.8 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties, Ind., Sept. 16 — 28 ; taken in the
former by scores from the base of clumps of water willow,
Dianthera americana L., growing in stagnant pools along the
margins of White River, five miles north of Indianapolis.
Nymphs were present in numbers and some of the adults mat-
ing. At hand also from New Lenox, 111., Aug. 8 (Gerhard).
Described from Brookings, S. Dak., and not recorded elsewhere.

1137 (1312). Rhagovelia plumbea Uhler, 1894a, 217.

Short, robust, subconical behind. Leaden gray or black with a bluish
tinge; a transverse median spot on pronotum, narrow edge of connex-
ivum, base of first antennal, trochanters, coxa? in part, and base of front
femora, yellow. Vertex much wider than in obesa, nearly twice the width
of eye. Antennae more slender, joints 2 and 3 united longer than 1, 3
slightly longer than 2, 4 one-half the length of 3. Beak reaching middle
of mesosternum. Pro- and mesonotum of wingless form as in obesa.
Abdomen wider, less compressed, its margins less elevated, the more re-
flexed ones of female widely separated. Middle femora distinctly longer
than hind ones, the latter but feebly swollen, those of males armed be-
neath at apical third with a pair of slender divergent curved setae-like
spines. Length, 2.5 — 3.2 mm.

Chokoloskee, Fla., March 13. A colony of several hundred
was milling, mating and gyrating about among the row-boats
at the docks close by the village store. Recorded by Barber
from Indian River, Marco and Ten Thousand Islands, Fla.
Described from Grenada. Uhler (loc. cit.) says: "This is a
common species on the surface of salt water around the inlets
of the Florida Keys." Although he describes the hind femora
as unarmed, those of the males at hand are feebly spinose as
described above. The wingless form only is known. Champion
(1898, 140) says: "Wings would be of very little use to these
insects, the water upon which they live never drying up ; where-
as in the fresh-water forms, which have occasionally to migrate
in times of drouth, wings are a necessity, at least in a certain
number of individuals."

III. Velia Latreille, 1804, 163.

Oblong, rather robust, pubescent species having the front of
head subconical ; antennae longer and more slender than in the
other two genera; eyes coarsely granulated; beak reaching

1000 FAMILY XXXII. — VELIID.E.

middle of mesosternum ; pro- and mesonota in one piece, in
winged form with front portion declivent, hind one broadly
triangular with apex rounded ; elytra, when present, reaching
tip of abdomen ; connexivum reflexed, rather widely exposed ;
legs rather stout, subequal in length ; front tarsi with joints 1
and 2 very short; middle and hind ones with joints longer,
cylindrical.

Three species are known from the eastern states. They live
amongst the roots of grasses, in bunches of decaying weeds and
beneath other cover, more often on the ground near stagnant
water than on its surface. The eggs are deposited on floating
aquatic plants, floating sticks or other debris just beneath the
surface of the water. In one species (/'. watsoni), kept in cap-
tivity by Hoffman, they hatched in 12 days. The average span
of nymphal life was 27 days, and adults remained alive for
nearly two years. They were found to be both predaceous and
cannibalistic, feeding not only on one another but upon various
forms of living, crippled or dead insects placed upon the sur-
face of the water, as well as on small animals swimming be-
neath the surface film. Many nymphs were reared to maturity
on a straight diet of cockroaches. The specific names of two
English species are current and rivulosum, denoting that they
there live in running streams rather than ponds and lakes.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF VELIA.

«. Middle and hind tarsi subequal in length, the former with joints 2

and 3 subequal; head not immersed in thorax to eyes; form slender.

6. Antenna? with joint 2 one-fourth shorter than 3; hind margin of

pronotum (brachypterous form) without a fringe of long hairs;

tubercles on sides of pronotum scarcely evident.

1138. STAGNALIS.

6.6. Antenna? with joints 2, 3 and 4 subequal in length; hind margin of
pronotum with a fringe of long hairs; tubercles on sides of prono-
tum very distinct. 1139. watsoni.
aa. Middle tarsi distinctly longer than hind ones, the former with joint
2 much longer than 3 ; head immersed in thorax to eyes ; form
robust. 1140. BRACHIALIS.

1138 (1313). Velia stagnalis Burmeister, 1835, 212.

Elongate, slender, sides subparallel. Brownish-yellow or tan-brown;
legs paler brown mottled with dull yellow; under surface with a broad
blackish stripe extending from prosternum to sixth ventral. Basal joint
of antenna? feebly curved, stouter and one-third longer than any of the
others, 2 shortest, 3 and 4 subequal, very slender. Eyes smaller than in
brachiulis. Pronotum finely, densely pilose, posterior portion coarsely
punctate, its hind margin narrowly rounded. Length, 4 — 4.2 mm.

THE SMALLER WATER STRIDERS.

1001

Dunedin, Fla., April 17 ; one specimen from a bunch of weed
roots on the margin of Jerry Lake, the first record for the
State (W.S.B.). District of Columbia, Oct. 26— Feb. 25;
sifted from old leaves (Davis). Described from Pennsylvania.
Known also from Ohio, North Carolina and the West Indies.

1139 (_). Velia watsoni Drake, 1919b, 1.

Form and size of stagnates. General color dark brown; legs yellow,
the femora and tibiae each with the knees and a ring at middle, brown;
tarsi and apical third of tibia? also in great part brown. Female with
posterior half of pronotum and connexivum in part dull yellow. Male
with a yellow spot on the front half of each of the last three connexivals.
Head as in stagnates, the impressed median line very evident; antennae as
in key, the basal joint longer and much stouter than the others, distinctly
curved. Disk of pronotum with a median lengthwise carina, coarsely
punctate, a distinct tubercle each side above the middle. Sides of abdo-
men parallel; connexiva strongly reflexed; first and second dorsals each
with two carina?. Length, 4 — 5 mm.

Gainesville, Fla., July 28 (Barber). Taken in numbers by
Drake from stagnant water in an old swamp near Gainesville.
Recorded also from New Jersey and Kansas.

1140 (1314). Velia brachialis Stal, 1860, 82.

Oblong, much stouter than our other species. Color of winged form
a nearly uniform brown or brownish-yellow, densely clothed with a fine

velvety pile ; posterior portion of
pronotum and sides of pleura and
ventrals, darker; a triangular
spot behind each apical angle of
pronotum, and a small one on
each incisure of connexivum, sil-
very white; coxae, trochanters,
tarsi, lower surface and base of
femora, and rings on apical half
of femora and near middle of
tibia?, yellow; corium with a nar-
row submarginal white line on
basal third ; membrane dark
brown with three white subapical
spots, the front or median one
cordate, the others smaller and
rounded. Head with a fine median
impressed line. Joint 1 of anten-
na? stout, curved, nearly twice as
long as 2; 2 and 4 subequal, 3
slightly longer than either. Prono-
tum with a preapical transverse row of fine punctures in front of a
smooth area, behind this the greater portion of disk coarsely punctate
and with a fine median longitudinal carina; humeral angles rounded,

Fig. 200, X S. (Original I

1002 FAMILY XXXIII. — SALDIDjE.

prominent, hind margin obtusely rounded. Elytra conjointly narrower
and very slightly shorter than abdomen, the membrane differing from
corium only in the absence of pile. Legs relatively stout, middle femora
longest, front ones shortest, hind ones armed beneath with a row of
very fine teeth. Middle of metapleura with a small opening protected
by one to three acute erect spines. Brachypterous form with elytra repre-
sented by a pair of very short narrowly triangular white pads project-
ing behind the pronotum ; last three dorsals with a curved line of white
pubescence. Pronotum narrower and shorter, the humeral angles scarce-
ly evident. Length, 5—5.3 mm. (Fig. 200).

Dunedin, Sarasota, Fort Myers, Bassenger and R. P. Park,
Fla., Dec. 1 — March 28. Taken in small numbers at all stations
beneath cover in mucky places near ponds and ditches ; at Sara-
sota in a tidewater bay-head. Usually two to four are found
together. Only one was taken from the water, this being
dragged out with a mass of Chara from a limestone ditch at
R. P. Park. Seven of the 24 specimens at hand are macrop-
terous. A tropical species described from Brazil and recorded
from Mexico, Central America, Panama and the West Indies.
Known in this country only from Georgia, Florida and Texas.

Examples of Florida specimens were determined by both
Bueno and Van Duzee as V. australis Bueno (1916a, 54). They
were later compared with Panama specimens of V. brachialis,
received from W. E. China and determined by Champion, and
were found to be identical, not only in relative length of tarsi
and tarsal joints, but in every other respect. Bueno's name,
therefore, falls as a synonym.

Family XXXIII. SALDIM] Amyot & Serville, 1843, xlix

(Acanthiidce) .

The Shore Bugs.

Small oval or elongate-oval littoral Heteroptera of dull color
having the front of head almost vertical ; ocelli present, in our
species approximate or subcontiguous ; eyes large, coarsely
granulated, projected outward and backward ; tylus prominent,
cylindrical, obtuse, shorter than cheeks ; beak 3-jointed, in re-
pose not appressed to under surface of head or prosternum, the
first joint very short, the second very long; bucculse short,
broad, rounded ; antennae 4-jointed, inserted low down on the
sides of cheeks, the basal joint shorter than head, rather stout,
somewhat curved, second much longer ; pronotum subtrape-
zoidal, the apex or front side much the shortest, the lateral
margins oblique, the hind one broadly concave ; scutellum large,

THE SHORE BUGS. 1003

triangular, almost equilateral; elytra usually present, without
cuneus, conjointly subtectiform, the costal margin broadly
curved, its basal third usually flattened and reflexed ; mem-
brane relatively small, its longitudinal nerves straight, joining
a curved terminal one, thus forming several long cells; legs
slender, the hind ones longest with coxae broad, fitted for leap-
ing; tarsi 3-jointed, the first joint very short, second equal to
or longer than third ; claws long, slender, curved.

More than 100 species of this family, often known as Acan-
thiidae, have been described, mostly from the Old World. They
are predaceous, frequent damp or marshy soils and, says Uhler
(1884, 265) : "Are often found in countless numbers upon the
salt and brackish marshes of our sea coasts. Their movements
strongly recall those of the tiger-beetles, which inhabit the
same places. When approached or disturbed they leap from
the ground, arise a few feet into the air by means of their
wings, and alight a short distance away, taking care to slip
quickly into the shade of some projecting tufts of grass or clod,
where the hues of the soil harmonize with the color of their
bodies."

The family Saldidae is the final one of the suborder Gymno-
cerata and serves as the connecting link between the terrestrial
or semiaquatic forms previously treated, and the more truly
aquatic ones of the suborder Cryptocerata which are to follow.
About 35 species are known from North America, 22 of which
occur in the eastern states. These represent two subfamilies
and are distributed among seven genera. The principal liter-
ature treating of them is by Say, 1832 ; Stal, 1873 ; Uhler, 1877,
1884; Champion, 1900; Reuter, 1912; Bueno, 1923, 1923a.

KEY TO EASTERN' GENERA OF SALDID.-E.

a. Third and fourth joints of antennas not or very rarely strongly
swollen; pronotum without conical tubercles on front lobe (Sub-
family Saldinse).
b. Membrane with five complete elongate cells of nearly equal size;
last ventral of female truncate. I. Pentacora, p. 1004.

/>/). Membrane with only four entire longitudinal cells.

c. Sides of pronotum more or less flattened ; front callus of pronotum

never reaching the side margins; apex of pronotum subequal in

width to that of head across eyes.

d. First or inner cell of membrane produced two-fifths or one-half

its own length beyond the base of the second; elytra often

punctate, always without sericeous spots; embolium wholly

black. II. Salda, p. 1007.

1004 FAMILY XXXIII. — SALDID^E.

dd. First or inner cell of membrane produced but slightly or not

more than one-third its own length beyond the base of second.

e. Corium with two distinct veins, the inner one forked toward

apex, its branches reaching the membranal suture; apex of

first or inner cell reaching or nearly reaching apex of second.

III. Saldula, p. 1008.

ee. Corium without distinct veins; elytra opaque; embolium a dirty

white. IV. Micracanthia, p. 1013.

cc. Sides of pronotum scarcely or not at all flattened; front callus of

pronotum reaching to or nearly to the side margins; apex of

pronotum narrower than head across eyes.

d. Elytra glabrous, very shining, in brachypterous form convex and

entirely coriaceous, the membrane scarcely differentiated;

joints 3 and 4 of antennae distinctly thicker than 2; ocelli

slightly separated. V. Lampracanthia, p. 1014.

dd. Elytra sericeous, opaque, flat, piceous marked with white, the

membrane distinct; joints 3 and 4 of antenna? not thickened;

ocelli contiguous, set on a distinct elevation.

VI. Chartoscirta, p. 1016.

ua. Third and fourth joints of antenna? strongly swollen; pronotum

with two prominent erect tubercles on front lobe; head narrower

with eyes nearer together than in preceding genera (Subfamily

Saldoidina?). VII. Saldoida, p. 1017.

I. Pentacora Reuter, 1912, 7.

This genus comprises four species above the average in size
for the family and usually found along sea beaches. The pres-
ence of five elongate equal cells in the wing membrane is the
one important character separating the group from the other
genera of the subfamily. In some of the cells there is often an
oblique vein running diagonally from one main nervure to an-
other, but this is not taken into account in fixing the number
of cells.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PEXTACORA.

a. Upper surface dull, with appressed pubescence; elytra often with
short erect or inclined dark hairs.
b. Narrow side margins of pronotum and elytra with a row of very
short erect seta?; joint 2 of antenna? much longer than 3 and 4
united; length, 6.5 — 8 mm. 1141. signoreti.

bb. Margins of pronotum and elytra without seta?; joint 2 of antenna?
equal to or shorter than 3 and 4 united; length, 5 — 6 mm.
c. Pronotum four times as wide as long at middle; elytra with nu-
merous short suberect hairs; color above mostly black; costal
area narrowly yellow with edge black. 1142. ligata.

cc. Pronotum three times as wide as long at middle; elytra beset with
very short inclined bristle-like hairs; color above mostly dull
yellow; costal area concolorous. 1143. sphacelata.

THE SHORE BUGS. 1005

aa. Upper surface shining, without appressed pubescence, but with nu-
merous long erect dark hairs. 1144. hirta.

1141 (1316). Pentacora signoreti (Guerin), 1857, 401.

Elongate-oval. Color above dull yellow and black, the black mark-
ings as follows : head between the eyes, middle of front lobe of pronotum,

a small quadrate spot at middle and a
rounded one on each humeral angle of hind
lobe, scutellum except two spots near apex,
clavus, except a spot behind middle, inner
portion of corium and three spots on
embolium; under surface in great part,
black, the prosternum, hind margins of

/,., ^UtfSff'-V . \ meso- and metasterna and sides of abdo-

i sMPfaf $ \ men ('u'l yellow; antennae and legs brown-

ie * ^^ ish-yellow, the basal joint of former and

apical half of femora in part blackish;
tibiae with black setae. Beak dark brown,
reaching hind coxae. Joints 1 and 4 of
antennae shortest, subequal, 3 one-half
: 4. (After Uhier). longer than either. Pronotum with hind
margin deeply concave, the humeral angles wide, prolonged, subdepressed
and with a small rounded black callus ; front lobe with black median
callus prominent. Scutellum with basal half convex, separated from
apical one by a curved transverse impression. Elytra surpassing abdo-
men by three-fourths the length of membrane. Length, 6.5 — 8 mm.
(Fig. 201).

Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 15 ; taken on a mud flat (Davis). St.
Augustine, Fla., January; Corpus Christi, Tex., July 20 (Ger-
hard) . Recorded by Barber from numerous stations along
both the east and west coasts of Florida. A species of the sea
beaches, described from Cuba and ranging from Massachusetts
southwestward to Florida, Texas, California and Mexico. Uhler
(1877, 432) says : "It lives on the pale sands not remote from
the beach, and the darker varieties may be met with running
briskly over the gray or blackish sandy mud, neglecting the
dry spots, but often swarming on the moist places."

1142 (1318). Pentacora ligata (Say), 1832, 34; I, 359.

Elongate-oval. General color above black, thickly clothed with fine
grayish pubescence; narrow reflexed margins of pronotum and elytra, two
small spots on hind margin of pronotum, four on margins of scutellum,
one on apical third of clavus and six or eight on corium and embolium,
dull yellow; membrane fuscous-brown, with three or four vague median
yellow marks ; under surface black, the hind margins of all the segments
more or less pale yellow; antennae and beak brown; legs dull yellow with
black stripes. Beak reaching between middle coxae. Joint 4 of antenna?

1006 FAMILY XXXIII. — SALDIDjE.

shorter than 3, much longer than 1. Pronotum as in signoreti, the callus
of front lobe impressed at middle. Other characters as in key. Length,
5.5—6 mm. (Fig. 2026).

Raleigh, N. Car., April 29— Nov. 19 (Brimley). Plummer's
Island, Md., Oct. 28 (Gerhard). Described from Indiana.
Ranges from Quebec and New England west to Manitoba and
Minnesota, and southwest to North Carolina. Uhler (1877,
433) calls it: "A sprightly species which inhabits uncovered
dark rocks in the beds of running creeks and brooks. It flies
from rock to rock and from its wariness and activity is quite
difficult to capture."

1143 (1334). Pentacora sphacelata (Uhler), 1877, 434.

Elongate, subelliptical. Above dull clay-yellow, tinged with dusky;
vertex, middle of front lobe of pronotum and base of scutellum, blackish;
elytra with part of disk and the membrane and veins fuscous; antennae,
beak, tibia? and tarsi brownish-yellow; femora paler, mottled with pur-
plish dots; under surface usually in great part black, shining, proster-
num and meso- and metapleura pale yellow. Joint 1 of antennae shortest,
subclavate, 2 longest, subequal to 3 and 4 united, 4 one-third shorter than
3. Beak reaching between hind coxae. Pronotum short, the callus of
front lobe sharply defined both before and behind by an impressed line
of fine punctures; hind margin less deeply concave than in allied species,
the humeral angles less prolonged, their tips subtruncate. Length,
5 — 6 mm.

Ft. Myers and Marco, Fla., April (Davis). St. Augustine,
Fla., January (Gerhard). A submaritime species occurring
along the beaches of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Mas-
sachusetts to Texas. Uhler (1877, 435) mentions it as: "Ex-
ceedingly abundant on the discolored sandy and marshy brown
spots of the tide-water districts of Massachusetts and Mary-
land. The salt mud seems to afford them the conditions best
suited to their development in unnumbered multitudes." The
dull clay-yellow hue and short setae of elytra readily distinguish
this form from its allies.

1144 (1317). Pentacora hirta (Say), 1832, 34; I, 359.

Elongate-oval. Color above dull straw-yellow; a narrow forked
median stripe between the eyes, the large median callus of front lobe
of pronotum, three spots on hind lobe, scutellum except apex, and elytra
except embolium, dark brown, shining; membrane fuscous, paler toward
apex; under surface brown, thickly pubescnt; prosternum and legs yel-
low, the latter thickly hirsute with erect dark hairs, the tibiae with black
spines. Antennal joints 1 and 2 dull yellow, the others darker, all beset
with similar hairs, joints 3 and 4 subequal, united slightly longer than 2.
Beak reaching hind coxae. Pronotal collar with a transverse row of fine

THE SHORE BUGS. 1007

punctures, the callus of front lobe prominent, impressed at middle.
Length, 4.8 — 5.5 mm.

Ft. Myers, Everglade and Marco, Fla., April (Davis) . South
Amboy, N. J., Aug. 21 (Gerhard). Recorded also by Barber
(1914, 499), as Acanthia xanthpchila limbosa Horv., from Biscayne
Bay and Lake Okeechobee, Fla. Described from Indiana.
Ranges from Quebec and Connecticut southwest to Florida and
Texas, but recorded from few stations. Bueno (1923, 411)
says : "It seems to be one of the most abundant species of the
genus in the east. It is commonly found on the muddy tidal
flats and beaches of the Sound hunting around among the
sedges." The Salda pellita Uhler, 1877, 433, is a synonym.

II. Salda Fabricius, 1803, 113.

Rather robust ovate species having the head slightly pro-
longed behind eyes ; tylus long, subvertical ; beak reaching be-
tween the hind coxae ; pronotum with convex callosity of front
lobe reaching basal third, bounded each side and behind by a
deeply impressed line, its central fovea small, hind lobe flat;
scutellum with a large median shallow central depression ;
corium with costal margin broadly curved ; membrane distinct
from the corium and with four cells, the inner one prolonged
in front beyond the base of second. One introduced European
species occurs in our territory.

1145 (1320). Salda littoralis (Linnaeus), 1758, 442.

Rather broadly oval. Dull black, thickly clothed above and beneath
with closely appressed yellow hairs, head with a few scattered longer
black hairs; middle of tylus and tips of cheeks dull yellow; apical half
of clavus with an oblong yellow spot; corium with a row of four yellow-
ish spots between the first and second nervules, and one or two smaller
ones on inner apical third; membrane pale brownish-yellow, the base and
nervures darker, the cells with a transverse row of blackish spots ; legs
dull yellow, front femora with outer face blackish, middle and hind ones
with one or two rows of brown spots; tarsi with joints 1 and 3 piceous,
2 and claws brownish-yellow; under surface shining black, thickly pubes-
cent. Antenna? thickly pilose with deflexed blackish hairs; joints 1 and

2 brown, the base and tips darker, 3 and 4 black; 2 slightly shorter than

3 and 4 united, these subequal in length. Scutellum and basal lobe of
pronotum finely crenate-punctate. Other characters as above given.
Length, 5.5 — 7 mm.

Ranges in this country from Quebec and New York west to
Illinois. Occurs also in Utah and on the Pacific slope. Re-
corded from Indiana by Van Duzee.

1008 FAMILY XXXIII. — SALDID;£.

III. Saldula Van Duzee, 1914a, 32.

This genus comprises the majority of the species formerly
listed under Acanthia and Salda, the differences between the
two genera being only those given in the key, p. 1004. Nineteen
species"* of Saldula are recognized by Van Duzee from North
America, ten of which occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF SALDULA.

a. Narrow side margins of pronotum yellowish; upper surface without
erect hairs ; corium and membrane largely pale, cells of latter
with dark spots. 1146. xanthochila.

aa. Side margins of pronotum black; upper surface with or without
erect hairs.
b. Sides of pronotum curved.
c. Costal area of corium almost wholly black; upper surface black
with a few pale spots; length, 6 — 8 mm. 1147. major.

cc. Costal area of corium white or yellowish, usually spotted with
darker.
d. Upper surface of body with long erect hairs.
e. Form elongate-oval; surface shining; costal area with two
elongate yellowish spots; length, 6 — 6.3 mm.

1148. CONFLUENTA.
ee. Form orbicular; surface dull, covered with a yellowish pubes-
cence; entire costal area except base dull yellow; length, 3.5 —
4.5 mm. 1149. orbiculata.

dd. Upper surface of body without erect hairs ; length less than
5 mm.
/. Pale spots of corium large, whitish, usually broadly joined to
the marginal ones; elytra often mostly pale with ill-defined,
vague brownish spots; tibiae pale. 1150. interstitialis.

//. Pale spots of corium small, obscure, not joined to the marginal
ones; costal area with one long median pale spot and a small
one near apex. 1151. saltatoria.

bb. Sides of pronotum straight.

g. Upper surface of body with long erect hairs ; corium black, except
a small white spot near apex of costal area. 1152. separata.
gg. Upper surface of body without erect hairs.

h. Costal area of elytra either wholly pale or with large pale spots;
middle and hind femora without brown dots.
i. Costal area entirely pale except at base, forming a regular yel-
lowish stripe margined each side by a brownish nervure.

1153. opacula.
ii. Costal area with two long yellowish spots, the apical one paral-
leled within by a small, pure white oval one. 1154. reperta.

980f these S. sphacelata is above treated under Pcntacora, while pellita (Uhler)
Is a synonym of /'. hirta, and pallipes (Fab.), as recognized by American authors, is
the same as interstitialis (Say). The record of the nalaearctic species S. scotica
(Curt.) from "America Borealis." is too indefinite for its inclusion in this work.

THE SHORE BUGS. 1009

hh. Costal area wholly dark, much widened and strongly reflexed;
middle and hind femora each with two rows of brown dots.

1155. LITTORALIS.

1146 (1331). Saldula xanthochila (Fieber), 1859, 234.

Oblong-oval. Head, pronotum and scutellum black, tylus and lateral
edges of pronotum yellowish; clavus black with a small oval spot near
apex; corium in great part sordid white, its veins brown, costal area
blackish, a pale spot near middle; membrane dull white, veins brown,
three of the cells with median fuscous spots, a black spot opposite apex
of inner cell; femora dull yellow, black beneath; tibiae at base and tip,
and first and third tarsals dark brown. Antenna? black, joint 1 in part
yellow, as long as width of vertex; 2 two and a third times as long as 1;

3 and 4 subequal, united slightly shorter than 2. Upper surface clothed
with very fine inclined blackish hairs. Length, 3.8 — 4 mm.

South France (British Mus. Coll.). A palaearctic European
species known in this country from New England, New York,
New Jersey, Colorado, Utah, Nevada and California. Not re-
corded from the states between New York and Colorado. A
form from Connecticut and New Jersey, with sides of prono-
tum more broadly pale and length only 3 mm., is var. limbosa
Horv. (1891, 80).

1147 (1323). Saldula major (Provancher), 1872, 107.

Elongate-oval. Above a nearly uniform dull black, densely minutely
shagreened, thickly clothed with a very fine yellowish pubescence; corium
usually with six or eight small oblong whitish spots, two or three being
near apex of costal area, the others on apical half of discoidal area;
membrane dusky-white, clouded with fuscous at base and apex and with
a small fuscous spot near middle of each cell ; under surface black, more
shining, less pubescent than above; femora and joints 3 and 4 of anten-
nae dark brown; coxae, tibiae, tarsi and basal joints of antennae dull brown-
ish-yellow. Joint 1 of antennae stout, shorter than eye, 2 slender, 3 and

4 stouter, subequal, united slightly longer than 2. Beak reaching or
slightly passing hind coxae. Pronotum with sides feebly curved, their
margins rather broadly flattened, slightly reflexed; hind margin broadly
concave; humeral angles broad, flattened, truncate behind. Scutellum
large, shallowly concave at middle. Basal two-thirds of costal margin of
elytra strongly reflexed. Length, 6.5 — 8 mm.

Frequent about the lakes of northern Indiana, May — Sep-
tember ; not taken south of Vigo County, where it was formerly
common about the muddy margins of large ponds in the Wa-
bash River bottoms (W. S. B.). Raleigh, N. Car., May 9 (Brim-
ley). Rabun Co., Ga., July {Dans). Ranges from Quebec and
New England west to British Columbia and Kansas, and south
to Georgia. Recorded also from Texas and New Mexico. Easily

1010

FAMILY XXXIII. — SALDID^E.

known by its large size and dull black color. The older records
were listed as S. deplanata Uhl., a synonym.

Pig. 202. a, Saldula confluenta (Say) ; b, Pentacora ligata (Say).
(After Drake, Tech. Publ. 16, X. Y. St. Coll. For.).

1148 (1324). Saldula confluenta (Say), 1832, 35; I, 361.

Black, shining. Elytra with pale markings as in fig. 202, a; legs
dull reddish-yellow, tip of tibiae and third tarsal blackish; beak reddish-
brown, reaching between hind coxae. Antennae with joint 1 and basal
two-thirds of 2 reddish-brown, remainder blackish; 1 as long as width of
vertex, two-fifths as long as 2; 3 and 4 subequal, united one-fifth shorter
than 2. Length, 6—6.3 mm. (Fig. 202, «)•

Yaphank, Long Island, N. Y., July 4 (Olsen). Recorded only
from Quebec, Connecticut, New York and New Jersey; some-
times listed as S. confluens (Say). Larger and more shining
than most of its allies.

1149 (1325). Saldula orbiculata (Uhler), 1877, 450.

Broadly ovate or orbicular. Black, hirsute with erect hairs and
clothed with fine yellowish pubescence, shining where this is abraded ;
elytra with costal area, except base and a small spot at apex, dull yellow;
corium with a pale submarginal spot near middle and with several vague
bluish spots; membrane fuscous-brown, its margins paler; beak and
legs dull yellow; antennae fuscous-brown, the basal joint paler. Beak

THE SHORE BUGS. 1011

reaching hind coxae. Joints 1, 3 and 4 of antennae subequal in length,
each two-fifths the length of 2. Pronotum with curved median impressed
line deep ; side margins equally wide throughout, f ebly reflexed ; hind
margin broadly, shallowly concave. Costal margin of elytra broadly
cuiwed from base to apex. Length, 3.5 — 4.5 mm.

Kosciusko Co., Ind., June 3 ; two specimens taken from the
shore of Lake Tippecanoe. Ranges from New England west to
the Pacific, but nowhere common. Not recorded southward
except from Texas.

1150 (1328). Saldula interstitialis (Say), 1825, 324; II, 248.

Elongate-oval. Color variable, usually with head, pronotum, scutel-
lum and basal fourth of elytra black, feebly shining, minutely scabrous
and thickly clothed with a fine yellowish pubescence; remainder of elytra
largely clay-yellow, the nervures and numerous vague spots or blotches
fuscous; costal area yellow with two or three black spots, or black with
yellow spots ; membrane dull yellowish-white with dark nervures and an
oblong dark spot in each cell; under surface black, shining, sparsely
pubescent, the genital plate and hind margin of prosternum yellowish;
joints 3 and 4 of antennae fuscous-brown, the basal ones paler; legs dull
yellow marked with vague brownish lines and dots. Beak piceous, reach-
ing hind coxae. Joint 1 of antennae less than half the length of eye, 3 and
4 subequal, together slightly longer than 2. Pronotum sublunate, the
callus of front lobe low, not prominent, impressed at middle; side mar-
gins slightly curved, feebly reflexed; humeral angles short, concave, trun-
cate behind. Length, 4 — 5 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 21 — Oct. 1. Ormond,
Canal Point, R. P. Park and Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 28— March 28.
Recorded by Barber from four other places in southern Florida.
Taken in Indiana on wet sandy places along the shores of lakes
and streams. Hibernates as imago beneath leaves and other
cover near water. Occurs in Florida in all stages during the
winter on the muck borders of small ponds and lakes. Ranges
from Quebec and New England west to the Pacific, but in the
south recorded only from Maryland, Florida and Texas. Bueno
(1923, 414) says that : "Almost any collection of Saldidae made
in the eastern states on the shores of stream or pond, or
among the sedges of the salt marshes, will number hosts of
this common little species." The S. pallipcs (Fabr.) of Uhler,
Van Duzee and other American authors is now considered only
a pale form of 5. interstitialis.

1151 (1341). Saldula saltatoria (Linnaeus), 1758, 448.

Oblong-oval. Dull black with pale markings as in key; clavus with
an oval spot near apex ; membrane pale with an elongate dark spot in

1012 FAMILY XXXIII. — SALDID^E.

each cell and a small one on outer margin; legs dull yellow, tips of tibia
and third tarsal blackish. Joints 1 and 2 of antennas brownish-yellow, 3
and 4 blackish; their relative lengths as in confluenta. Upper surface
thinly clothed with fine appressed yellow hairs. Length, 3.8 — 4.2 mm.

England (British Mus. Coll.) ; "abundant everywhere in suit-
able places" (China). Recorded in this country from southern
New England, New York and Illinois.

1152 (1329). Saldula separata (Uhler), 1878, 432.

Oblong-oval. Dull black, clothed with both erect blackish hairs and
fine appressed yellow ones; tylus and basal joint of beak dull yellow;
membrane sordid white, veins and a vague spot in each cell fuscous-
brown, a larger spot opposite apex of outer cell blackish; legs dull yel-
low, coxae, tips of hind femora and tibia? and third tarsal more or less
fuscous; beak dark brown, reaching behind middle coxae. Joint 1 of an-
tennae yellow, 2 — 4 blackish; 1 as long as width of vertex, 2 almost twice
as long as 1, 3 slightly longer than 1, shorter than 4. Eyes of male very
large. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Nahant, Mass., July 7 (Olsen). Recorded from "Canada,"
New England and Pennsylvania.

1153 (1335). Saldula OPACULA (Zetterstedt), 1838, 268.

"Elongate-oval. Black, sides of thorax strongly impressed. Scutel-
lum and clavus with golden hairs, the latter with an obscure pale spot
near apex; corium with a few obscure pale markings, its lateral margin,
except at base and apex, narrowly testaceous ; membrane obscure, its
outer margin testaceous, nerves black, legs testaceous, apex of tibiae and
tarsi black; antennas obscure. Length, IV2 lines (3 mm.)."

The above is a copy of the original description. It is a
palaearctic European species recorded in this country from
Maine and Massachusetts.

1154 (1330). Saldula reperta (Uhler) , 1877, 447.

Oblong-oval. Dull black, thinly clothed with a fine yellowish pubes-
cence; costal area black on basal fourth, a long yellowish spot on middle
third and a shorter one near apex, the extreme tip black; clavus and
corium with vague yellowish spots, the latter with a small oval white
spot opposite the middle of the subapical yellowish one of costal area ;
membrane dirty white, its veins and base dusky, a brownish oblong spot
in each cell; legs in great part brownish-yellow, knees and tarsi darker;
under surface black, thickly clothed with rather long grayish hah-s.
Joint 1 of antennas pale above, remaining joints brown, their relative
lengths as in interstitialis. Pronotum with sides straight and converg-
ing from base to apex, the callus of front lobe shorter, wider and with a
more distinct median impression than in interstitialis. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Sept. 9. Dunedin, Lakeland, Utopia and
Canal Point, Fla., Dec. 4— March 26 (W.S.B.). Frequent

THE SHORE BUGS. 1013

about Dunedin in spring along the mucky margins of small
ponds. Mosholu, N. Y., April 24 (Olsen). Stan Lake, N. Hamp.
(Davis). Recorded heretofore only from Quebec, New Hamp-
shire and Massachusetts. Resembles interstitial^, but distin-
guished by the much larger dark area of elytra, the well denned
pale spots of costal area with white spot in the dark area near
apex of corium, and the straight margin of pronotum.

1155 (1320). Saldula littoralis (Linnaeus), 1758, 442.

Oboval, distinctly widened behind, more so in female. Dull black,
opaque, thickly clothed with very fine appressed yellow hairs ; tylus and
base of cheeks dull yellow; corium wholly dark, or with a vague pale
spot opposite tip of clavus and a row of three or four others between
the main nervures; membrane dull yellow, veins deep black, cells each
with a vague fuscous spot at base and middle; legs dull yellow, front
femora blackish beneath, middle and hind ones as in key; spines and tips
of tibiae blackish; joints 1 and 3 of tarsi fuscous, 2 yellowish. Joints 1
and 2 of antennae dull yellow, 3 and 4 fuscous-black; 1 slightly shorter
than width of vertex, 2 two and one-third times longer than 1 ; 3 and 4
subequal, united slightly longer than 2. Length, 5.5 — 7 mm.

Kent, England (British Mus. Coll.). Recorded in this country
from Quebec, New York, Indiana, Illinois, Utah and California.

IV. Micracanthia Reuter, 1912, 8, 16.

The members of this genus are distinguished from those of
Saldula mainly by the absence of corial veins. They are smaller
in size and have the interocular area more narrow; sides of
pronotum straight, strongly converging ; elytra conjointly more
tectiform ; cells of membrane four, subequal in length. One of
the two known species occurs in the eastern states, the other in
California.

1156 (1342). Micracanthia humilis (Say), 1832, 35; I, 360.

Oval or oblong-oval. Head, pronotum and scutellum black, more or
less shining, minutely scabrous, thinly clothed with fine yellow appressed
hairs ; clavus and inner portion of corium velvety black, the former
usually with a minute white spot near apex, the latter with two similar
spots on outer margin and usually a third near middle of apex; embolium
or costal area dull white with tip fuscous and an oblong black projection
of corium near its middle; membrane dull white with veins and one or
two small median spots in each cell fuscous-brown; antennae, except basal
joint, beak and apical half of femora dark brown; lower part of face and
basal half of femora pale yellow; tibiae and tarsi brownish-yellow, an-
nulate with paler. Beak reaching hind coxae. Joint 1 of antennae half
the length of 2, 3 and 4 subequal, each slightly shorter than 2. Pronotum
with callus of front lobe foveate at middle; hind margin broadly and
shallowly concave. Length, 3 — 3.7 mm.

1014 FAMILY XXXIII. — SALDID.E.

Lake, Laporte and Marshall counties, Ind., May 2 — Oct. 6 ;
frequent along the margins of Lake Michigan and Lake Maxin-
kuckee; also at light. Palmdale, Miami, R. P. Park, Ft. Myers
and Dunedin, Fla., December — April. Taken beneath cover
and by sweeping low herbage along the margins of ponds.
Known heretofore in that State only from Jacksonville and
northern Florida. Raleigh, N. Car., late April (Brimley).

This is our smallest eastern Saldid and varies much in size
and somewhat in color, the southern examples averaging much
smaller and more often without the pale apical spot of corium
than those from Indiana. Its known range extends from
Ontario and New England west to the Pacific and southwest to
Florida and Texas. Uhler states that it is : "Common in Mary-
land, within the limits of the metamorphic belt, upon damp
sand formed by the disintegration of the rocks near creeks and
brooks in June and July."

V. Lampracanthia Reuter, 1912, 9, 21.

Medium sized strongly shining subglabrous black or piceous
species having the head distinctly broader across eyes than
front margin of pronotum ; beak reaching hind coxae ; joint 2
of antennae as long as 3 and 4 united ; pronotum subconical, the
front lobe longer than hind one, its side margins strongly con-
verging from the base, deflexed in front of middle, hind mar-
gin feebly concave ; elytra at most surpassing abdomen by one-
fourth the length of membrane, convex, subtectiform and cori-
aceous throughout; membrane, when present, with four cells,
which increase in length from the outer side. Three species
are known, all occurring in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LAMPRACANTHIA.

a. Upper surface without erect hairs; hind angles of pronotum not

acutely produced ; antenna? brownish-yellow or piceous, joints 3

and 4 not fusiform.

b. Membrane present, its cells distinct; form broad, the elytra at

middle more than one-half wider than base of pronotum ; legs in

part piceous. 1157. coriacea.

bb. Membrane absent; form narrow; elytra strongly tectiform, at

middle about one-third wider than base of pronotum; legs yellow.

1158. ANTHRACINA.

aa. Upper surface with numerous erect hairs; hind angles of pronotum
acutely produced ; joints 1 and 2 of antenna? yellow, 3 and 4 black,
fusiform, strongly swollen. 1159. crassicornis.

THE SHORE BUGS. 1015

1157 (1321). Lampracanthia coriacea (Uhler), 1872, 421.
Elongate-oval, male; broadly oval, female. Black or piceous-black,

shining; head, pronotum and scutellum minutely scabrous; antenna? pice-
ous-brown, the second joint sometimes paler; femora in great part pice-
ous, female, largely yellow, male; coxa?, tibia? and tarsi brownish-yel-
low with tips and spines piceous. Beak
reaching hind coxa?. Antenna? with scat-
tered bristles, joint 1 stout, subclavate, 2
slender, nearly three times as long as 1, 3
and 4 subequal, stouter than 2. Pronotum
subtrapezoidal, side margins flattened and
reflexed to apical third, then evanescent
and deflexed; front lobe twice as long as
hind one, its callus large, foveate at mid-
dle; hind margin broadly very shallowly
concave, its lobes obtusely angled. Scutel-
lum large, its middle broadly and shal-
lowly concave. Elytra at base not much
wider than base of pronotum, thence
broadly curved with margins wide and
reflexed to apex; disk vaguely coarsely
and sparsely punctate, its divisions feebly
x 6. (After Lugger). differentiated; membrane relatively small,
declivent, of much the same texture as corium. Sixth ventral, female,
obtusely triangular, convex, covering the genitals, its side margins
sinuate and apex broadly rounded. Genital plate of male obovate,
strongly convex, clothed with rather long yellow hairs. Length, 6 — 7
mm. (Fig. 203).

Steuben, Kosciusko and Marshall counties, Ind., June 5 — July
6 ; taken in numbers beneath logs at the edge of a marsh near
Lake Tippecanoe (W.S.B.). Long and Staten Island, N. Y.,
May — July (Davis). It is a species of the Transition Life Zone,
ranging from Ontario and New England west to British Colum-
bia, Colorado and Utah. Not recorded south of New Jersey.
Where found it occurs along the margins of tamarack bogs
and marshes, either beneath cover or running about between
the roots of sedges and grasses.

1158 (1322). Lampracanthia anthracina (Uhler), 1877, 438.

Narrowly oval. Color of coriacea; antenna? dull yellow at base,
dusky beyond; legs wholly yellow, the last joint of tarsi and tips of tibia
dusky. Interocular area and pronotum narrower than in coriacea, the
latter subconical, its front lobe less convex, three times as long as hind
one. Joint 2 of antenna? twice as long as 4, slightly shorter than 3.
Scutellum flat, its basal half distinctly irregularly rugose. Elytra con-
jointly oval, strongly convex, "arched and decurving over the body like
the shell of a terrapin" (Uhler) ; clava and coria distinct, surface im-

1016 FAMILY XXXIII. — SALDID^E.

punctate; membrane absent, but elytra surpassing abdomen as much as
in coriacea. Length, 5.5 — 7 mm.

Spring Hill, Ala., April 29 {Gerhard). Described from Penn-
sylvania. Recorded elsewhere only from New Hampshire, New
York and Michigan. Bueno (1923a, 151) regards it as the
brachypterous form of coriacea, but the length of the elytra
and the yellow legs preclude this supposition.

1159 (1345). Lampracanthia crassicornis (Uhler) , 1877, 438.

Narrowly oval, convex. Black with a faint brassy tinge, strongly
shining; color of antennae as in key; legs pale brownish-yellow, the tips
of tibia? and tarsi piceous. Beak pale piceous, reaching hind coxae. An-
tenna? short, relatively stout, bristly hairy; joint 1 one-third the length
of 2, the latter slender, 3 and 4 much stouter, fusiform, subequal. Prono-
tum subcampanulate, its hind lobe very short with angles suberect, acute,
somewhat divergent; callus of front lobe large, strongly convex, reach-
ing the side margins, limited before and behind by a deeply impressed
punctate line. Elytra conjointly elongate-oval, not wider at base than
pronotum, disk strongly convex, minutely irregularly punctate, each
puncture with a long, erect black hair; membrane absent; corium and
clavus scarcely differentiated ; tips separately narrowly rounded, dis-
tinctly surpassing abdomen. Genital plate of male as in coriacea; sixth
ventral of female with apex truncate. Length, 4 — 4.7 mm.

Kosciusko Co., Ind., June 7 — 9 ; four specimens taken from
a mass of fine shells thrown up by the waves on the shore of
Lake Tippecanoe. Described from the Saskatchewan River;
recorded elsewhere only from New Hampshire and New York.
This and coriacea are but two of many boreal forms of Heter-
optera and Coleoptera of the Hudsonian and Transition Life
Zones which occur among the bogs and lakes of the northern
third of Indiana.

VI. Chartoscirta Reuter, 1895a, 5, 54.

Small oval, opaque, pubescent species having the head one-
half wider than long, the vertex with a deep sulcus ; beak sur-
passing middle coxae; pronotum twice as wide at base as long
at middle, hind margin deeply concave, callus extending behind
middle of disk, and with a deep median fovea ; scutellum as
broad as long; elytra conjointly oval, broadened behind, sur-
passing abdomen, veins obsolete except claval suture and main
costal vein ; membrane with four cells, the two middle ones nar-
row, fourth widest ; legs long and slender, front and middle
tarsi with joints 2 and 3 subequal, hind tarsi with joint 3 three-

THE SHORE BUGS. 1017

fourths the length of 2. One species is known in this country.
Bueno (loc. cit.) founded for it the subgenus Chartolampra.

1160 ( — ). Chartoscirta (Chartolampra) cursitans Bueno, 1923a,

151.

Head, pronotum and scutellum black; elytra piceous, opaque, with a
few scattered yellowish spots; membrane yellowish with darker cloud-
ings; legs brownish, paler at base. Antenna? reaching beyond apex of
scutellum, joints 3 and 4 of equal thickness; 1 shortest and stoutest; 2
four and one-half times as long as 1; 3 and 4 subequal, united slightly
longer than 2. Pronotum behind the callus and apical portion of scutel-
lum irregularly transversely rugose. Elytra clothed with short gray
sericeous hairs. Last ventral of female as long at middle as the three
preceding united. Length, male, 4.1; female, 4.6 mm.

Described from Lake Tear, Mt. Marcy, Essex Co., N. Y.
Known only from there.

VII. Saldoida Osborn, 1901, 181.

Small, oblong-oval, subglabrous species, the differential char-
acters as in generic key and having the antennae short, stout,
joint 3 equal to or longer than and three times as thick as 2, 4
shorter than and about one-half as thick as 3 ; pronotum sub-
campanulate, with front lobe narrow, subcylindrical, armed
with two conical tubercles, hind lobe short, broadly and shal-
lowly concave behind ; scutellum large, flat, its apex acute ;
elytra entire, conjointly tectiform, the corium without veins ;
membrane large, distinct, surpassing abdomen by two-thirds
its length. Two species are known, both only from Florida.

KEY TO SPECIES OF SALDOIDA.

a. Hind angles of pronotum obtuse; color pale brown marked with red-
dish-yellow and black. 1161. SLOSSONI.
off. Hind angles of pronotum prolonged, subacute; color black, the elytra
in great part reddish-brown. 1162. cornuta.

1161 (1346). Saldoida slossoni Osborn, 1901, 181.

Head with vertex black, margins next to eyes reddish-brown, front
and beak testaceous; pronotum with tubercles reddish-brown, front mar-
gin and band behind tubeixles black, posterior lobe brownish-yellow;
scutellum black, apex piceous-brown ; elytra pale brown, claval suture
and apical margin of corium black; corium with two triangular whitish
spots, the bases of which merge into the hyaline costal margin ; mem-
brane fuscous at base, hyaline toward apex; legs yellowish-brown, apical
third of femora, base and apex of tibia? and third tarsal, fuscous. Other
characters as under genus heading. Length, 3 mm.

Known only from Punta Gorda and Bellaire, Fla.

1018 SUBORDER II. — CRYPTOCERATA.

1162 (1347). Saldoida cornuta Osborn, 1901, 182.

Head, third joint of antennae, pronotum, scutellum, claval sutures,
apex of corium and under surface, dark chestnut-brown or black; hind
angles of pronotum, corium, except apex and costal area, and clavus
reddish-brown; costal area and margin of corium white; membrane
dusky, paler at middle; coxa?, basal half of femora and apex of last
ventral, whitish-yellow; beak and remainder of legs reddish-brown. Beak
reaching hind coxa?. Joints 1, 2 and 4 of antenna? dull yellow, subequal
in length; 3 two-fifths longer, and strongly swollen. Scutellum with
basal two-thirds finely rugose, remainder smooth. Other characters as
under generic heading. Length, 2.5 — 3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 13; one specimen taken from beneath
a chunk on the margin of a pond. Recorded only from Punta
Gorda and Bellaire, Fla. At the latter place, only four miles
south of Dunedin, Mrs. A. T. Slosson, who collected the types
of both species of Saldoida, found both associated with ants,
and (1908, 424) has given a most interesting account of her
search for them, from which I quote :

"The little creatures have quaint ways of their own not at all ant-
like. Their long, conspicuous antennae are waved from side to side as
they run swiftly about. They never, as far as I know, leap except when
startled. Finding that the most likely spots were damp, grassy places,
especially where the little sun-dew (Drosera) was growing, I frequented
such localities. The Saldoidas were apparently often in hiding among
the low grass and herbage. To start them out I pulled up the plants
by the roots. This would often send out a swiftly running little imp,
waving his long antenna? as he went.

"But to recognize this insect is one thing, to capture it is quite
another. I lost many, more, I think, than I secured. I tried varying
methods, the most succesful one being the holding my net near the prey
and 'shooing' the spry little fellow into it. But this often failed. How-
ever, I succeeded in securing some half dozen specimens, full grown and
perfect, with a few others which were either injured or immature.
Whether the association of Saldoida with ants is accidental I cannot say.
I only know that I never found one except in their company. But again
I never saw either ant or Saldiid take the slightest notice of one another
or seem conscious of each others' presence."

Suborder II. CRYPTOCERATA Fieber, 1851.

The Aquatic Heteroptera.

"A pond's a mirrored world, where strong on weak,
Cunning on simple prey."

It has been well said that : "Insects are essentially creatures
of the earth and air," but many species have become adapted to
an aquatic life, some spending only their immature stages in

THE AQUATIC HETEROPTERA. 1019

the water, others living therein throughout most of their days,
quitting it only to extend their foraging grounds through
flight. Those Heteroptera which are mainly aquatic in habitat
belong to the suborder Cryptocerata, so named from their hav-
ing the antennae present but usually very short and concealed
in grooves or cavities on the under side of the head (fig.
207, b). In addition they have the texture of the body largely
coriaceous and usually devoid of pubescence ; front legs more
or less raptorial or fitted for grasping and holding prey ; middle
and hind ones often greatly modified for rapid swimming, the
hind coxae being broad, more or less flattened and usually
hinged to the metasternum, the hind femora often flattened
and grooved for the reception of the tibiae in repose, both
femora and tibiae often fringed with hairs.

To the suborder, as thus briefly defined, belong seven
families, separated as follows :

KEY TO FAMILIES OF SUBORDER CRYPTOCERATA.

a. Ocelli present; hygrophilous ; predaceous.

b. Antennas exposed; front and middle legs similar; hind tarsi 2-

jointed ; beak reaching or surpassing hind coxae.

Family XXXIV. Ochterid^e, p. 1020.
bb. Antenna? concealed; front legs raptorial; eyes protuberant; beak
very short, concealed by front femora.

Family XXXV. Nerthrid^e, p. 1022.
act. Ocelli absent; aquatic; usually predaceous.

c. Hind tarsi with two distinct claws; beak 3-jointed.
d. Membrane of elytra without veins.

Family XXXVI. Naucorid^e, p. 1029.
dd. Membrane with reticulate veins.

e. Apical appendages of abdomen long and slender, not retractile;
tarsi 1-jointed; hind coxa? rotatory; body usually long and
very slender. Family XXXVII. Nepid^e, p. 1032.

ee. Apical appendages of abdomen short and flat, retractile; tarsi 2-
jointed; hind legs distinctly flattened, the coxa? hinged; body
broad and flat. Family XXXVIII. Belostomatid^e, p. 1041.
cc. Hind tarsi without distinct claws."

/. Base of head inserted in thorax; front tarsi 2-jointed, of males
sometimes 1-jointed; body convex and obtusely keeled above, so
that they swim back downward ; predaceous.

Family XXXIX. Notonectid^e, p. 1048.
ff. Base of head overlapping apex of pronotum; front tarsi 1-jointed,
palaeform; body subdepressed above, so that they swim nor-
mally; apical ventrals of male asymmetrical; phytophagous,
feeding on aquatic plants. Family XL. Corixid^e, p. 1062.

""Except in the genus Pica, whose members are less than 3 mm. in length.

1020 FAMILY XXXIV. — OCHTERID^E.

Family XXXIV. OCHTERID^ Kirkaldy, 1906, 149.
The Velvety Shore Bugs.

Small oval, velvety bluish or black littoral Heteroptera, for-
merly classed with the Nerthridse. They have the upper sur-
face subconvex, relatively smooth ; head narrow, elongate, its
front declivent ; eyes oblique, strongly convex, their inner basal
half concave, the concavity filled by a lobe of the vertex ; ocelli
present ; beak long, reaching or surpassing hind coxse, its basal
joint very stout, remainder very slender ; antennae 4-jointed,
shorter than head, not concealed in repose ; pronotum subtrape-
zoidal, its sides moderately flattened, hind margin sinuate ; scu-
tellum large, triangular ; elytra normal, covering the abdomen,
its divisions all distinct, the cells of the membrane with cross
veins ; legs slender, subequal in length, all cursorial ; front and
middle tarsi 2-jointed, hind ones 3-jointed, the basal joint in all
very short.

About a dozen species of the family are known, seven from
North America. In structure and habits they form a sort of
connecting link between the Saldidae and Nerthridse, living as
do the members of those families amongst the grass and weeds
on the margins of brooks and ponds. Of them Uhler says :
"Their rostrum is a dreadful instrument, sharp as the finest
needle, extremely thick and stout at base and a deadly probe
to the larvae of horse-fly or other insect which lives on the sur-
face of the ground in situations near water." The principal
literature pertaining to them is by Uhler, 1876, 1884 ; Stal,
1876; Champion, 1901 ; Barber, 1913.

I. Ochterus Latreille, 1807, 142.

This, the only genus of the family represented in this coun-
try, is sufficiently characterized above. Three of the five North
American species occur in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN* SPECIES OF OCHTERUS.

a. Clavus concolorous with the corium.
b. Side margins of pronotum with a small pale spot near front angle;
membrane of elytra broad, normally developed.

1163. AMERICANUS.

bb. Side margins of pronotum wholly pale; membrane of elytra long

and narrow. 1164. banksi.

aa. Clavus wholly yellow. 1165. flaviclavus.

THE VELVETY SHORE BUGS.

1021

1163 (1412). Ochterus americanus (Uhler), 1876, 335.

Oblong-oval. Above velvety black, more or less mottled with small
irregular bluish spots and sparsely beset with very short golden-yellow
prostrate hairs; corium usually with five small submarginal yellow spots;
beneath with sterna bluish-black and ventrals dull brownish-yellow,
thickly and finely pubescent; legs paler yellow; beak reddish-yellow,
reaching second ventral. Front of head oblong, minutely transversely
rugose, its apex broadly rounded, somewhat flattened ; vertex with a fine
median longitudinal carina. Joints 1 and 2 of antennae pale, 3 and 4
fuscous; 1 very short, cylindrical, 2 twice as long, subclavate, 3 and 4
subequal, sparsely hirsute, each twice as long as 2. Pronotum slightly
more than two and one-half times as wide as long, its sides slightly con-
verging from base to near apex, then feebly curved, the front angles sub-
angularly rounded, the area just behind them flattened and reflexed.
Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.; width, 2.5 — 2.8 mm.

Dunedin, Ft. Myers and Moore Haven, Fla., Nov. 26 — April
26 (Jl\ S. B.) . Staten Island, N. Y., and Lakehurst, N. Jer., Sep-
tember {Davis). Frequent along- the mucky margins of ponds
near Dunedin and often taken by sweeping low herbage in
such places. It is an active leaper, jumping a foot or more
when disturbed or while in the sweep-net. Its known range
extends from Massachusetts and New York west to Illinois,
Nebraska and Kansas and southwest to Florida, Texas, Arizona

and Cuba. The blue hue of the
spots above and of the sterna
below appears to be a kind of
"bloom," as it is easily abraded.

1164 (1413). Ochterus banksi
Barber, 1913, 214.
Slightly broader than ameri-
canus. General color above paler
brown but otherwise much the same,
the bluish spots usually less evident;
entire reflexed side margins of pro-
notum and the basal and apical
thirds of costal margin of elytra, dull
translucent yellow; under surface
and legs of the same color as in
americanus. Front of head wider
and with three entire carina?, the median one more prominent at apex of
tylus, the lateral ones subsinuate. Pronotum about twice as wide as long,
side margins feebly curved from base to apex, the front angles rounded,
the margins more broadly flattened and reflexed, especially in fi'ont, than
in americanus; disk shallowly transversely sulcate behind the middle,
sparsely rather coarsely punctate, the punctures usually concealed;
median portion of front lobe elevated and with two or three fine vague
transverse lines. Scutellum equilateral, sparsely coarsely punctate and

Fig;. 204, X 10. (After Garman in
Hemiptera of Connecticut).

1022 FAMILY XXXV. — NERTHRID^E.

with a transverse median groove. Elytra with membrane narrow, feebly
differentiated from eorium, but slightly overlapping. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.;
width, 2.2—2.5 mm. (Fig. 204).

Marshall and Fountain counties, Ind., June (W. S. B.). Fair-
fax Co., Va., June 26 (Paris). Described from Virginia and
recorded heretofore only from that State and New York.

1165 (1414). Ochterus flaviclavus Barber, 1913, 215.

Oblong-oval, smaller than americanus. Color as there except that
the entire clavus is pale dull yellow, yellow spot behind front angles of
pronotum smaller and submarginal spots of eorium wanting. Pronotum
with sides less refiexed, more converging, front angles rounded, front
margin narrower than width across eyes ; disk more uneven, humeral
angles subrectangular. Length, 3.5 mm.; width, 2 mm.

Sarasota, Fla., March 2 ; one female taken from beneath the
decaying stems of pickerel-weed growing in the muck of a near-
ly dry wet-weather pond in open pine woods. Known heretofore
only from the unique male type taken by Mrs. A. T. Slosson at
Ormond, Fla.

Family XXXV. NERTHRIDiE Kirkaldy, 1906, 149.

The Toad Bugs.

Small squat, very compact, littoral Heteroptera having
the front of head subvertical ; eyes bean-shaped, prominent,
usually directed upward and outward ; ocelli present, sometimes
indistinct ; antennas 3- or 4-jointed, in repose concealed in a
cleft beneath the eyes; beak short, stout, 4-jointed, usually
concealed by the stout front femora ; pronotum much wider
than long, its disk very uneven ; scutellum triangular, its disk
when visible, also uneven and granulate ; elytra in great part or
wholly coriaceous, its divisions often ill-defined ; membrane
when present very short, without visible veins ; connexivum
usually narrowly exposed behind the middle ; front legs rap-
torial, their femora strongly swollen, broadly grooved for the
reception of the tibiae and 1-jointed tarsi, the margins of the
groove denticulate ; middle and hind legs longer and more slen-
der, their femora not grooved and tibiae and tarsi beset with
numerous inclined spine-like setae; middle tarsi 1-jointed, hind
ones 3-jointed, the basal joint often very short, tarsi with two
claws; mesosternum with a slender, more or less compressed
suberect elevation.

The members of this family are littoral in habits, dwelling

THE TOAD BUGS, 1023

along the moist muddy, mucky or sandy margins of streams,
lakes and ponds, where their harmonizing colors protect them
from their enemies and where they feed upon the young of
other animal forms which live with them a littoral life. Only
about 25 species of the family are known, mostly from tropical
America. Of these, six, representing two subfamilies and three
genera, occur in the eastern states. The principal literature
treating of them is by Say, 1832; Stal, 1876; Uhler, 1884;
Champion, 1901 ; Bueno, 1905e, 1923 ; Hungerford, 1920, 1923c,
and Blatchley, 1925.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF XERTHRID^.

a. Front tarsi with two claws; elytra with clavus, corium and mem-
brane present; eyes large, prominent, subpedunculate. (Sub-
family Gelastocorinas). I. Gelastocoris, p. 1023.
aa. Front tarsi with a single claw; elytra wholly coriaceous, with di-
visions not differentiated, the membrane absent; eyes small, sessile,
not prominent. (Subfamily Nerthrina?).
b. Elytra not soldered together along the middle line, their suture
distinct and disk without lines of elevations; scutellum strongly
narrowed apically to form a tongue-like wedge between the bases
of elytra ; margins of abdomen coarsely crenate.

II. Glossoaspis, p. 1026.
bb. Elytra soldered together along the median line, their suture in-
distinct and disk roughened with oblique lines of short acute
elevations; scutellum broadly triangular, its apex obtuse; margins
of abdomen entire. III. Nerthra, p. 1028.

I. Gelastocoris Kirkaldy, 1897b, 258.

In addition to the characters above given, the members of
this genus have the body thicker in front than behind, finely
and densely granulate above; front of head triangular and
vertical ; eyes with inner and lower sides concave, the inner con-
cavity filled by a lobe of the vertex; pronotum with sides
strongly sinuate, front angles expanded, concave beneath,
forming with the lower concavity of eye a pocket for the re-
ception of the antennae ; front and hind margins of pronotum
strongly sinuate, disk of both pronotum and scutellum with ob-
long ridges or blunt tubercles ; inner margins of elytra sinuate
or curved and strongly overlapping, the membrane ill-defined,
base of outer margin of corium widened and flattened ; ventral
segments strongly narrowed at middle. Genital plate of male
asymmetrical, curved to the right ; middle of sixth ventral of
female strongly convex. Four species are known from our

1024

FAMILY XXXV. — NERTHRID^E.

territory.1"" They were long listed under the generic name
Galgulus, which was preoccupied.

KEY TO EASTERN' SPECIES OF GELASTOCORIS.

(i. Front of head below eyes as wide or wider than long; claws of front
legs contiguous, shorter than the tarsal joint, the claws and tarsus
united one-half as long as the tibia; second joint of hind tarsi
about one-third longer than third ; general color clay-yellow,
clouded medially with fuscous-brown or black; form broadly oval.

1166. OCULATUS.

aa. Front of head longer than its greatest width; claws of front legs

approximate but not contiguous, longer than the tarsal joint, the

claws and tarsus united three-fourths as long as tibia; general

color dark with white or gray markings.

b. Edge of lateral expansion of base of corium entire; connexivum

broadly exposed, the basal half of each segment black; second

joint of hind tarsi about one-half longer than third; form broad-

ly oval.

1167. BARBERI.
bb. Edge of lateral expansion of base of
corium denticulate; connexivum
narrowly or not at all exposed ;
second and third joints of hind
tarsi subequal in length.
c. Pale spots on elytra not well de-
fined ; sides of front half of pro -
notum not subparallel; form ob-
long-oval. 1168. SUBSIMILIS.
cc. Pale spots on elytra prominent,
well defined; sides of front lobe
of pronotum subparallel ; form
broadly oval. 1169. variegatus.

1166 (1407). Gelastocoris oculatus
(Fabricius), 1798, 525.
Broadly oval, subdepressed. General
color above dull clay-yellow, sometimes
nearly uniform, more often with the
middle of pronotum, scutellum and apical
half of elytra fuscous-black or -brown;
under surface in great part fuscous, the sides paler; legs dull yellow
more or less distinctly annulate with fuscous; spines of tibia? and tarsal
claws piceous-brown ; expanded flanks of pronotum dull ivory-white be-
neath. Eyes divergent outwardly. Front lobe of pronotum convex at
middle and with five or six irregular ridges or tubercles, two or more of
these extending back onto hind lobe; humeral angles expanded and broad-
ly rounded. Scutellum short, with an obtuse median ridge and a tubercle
each side. Elytra slightly surpassing tip of abdomen; edge flattened
basal expansion of corium crenulate. Connexivum narrowly exposed, the

Fisr. 205. X 6. (After Lugger).

'""Champion (1901, 349) lists G. vicinus Champ., a neotropical species, from
"Southern and Western United States," but there is no definite record of its or
currence east of the Mississippi.

THE TOAD BUGS. 1025

hind angle of each segment slightly prolonged. Length, 7.5 — 9 mm.;
width, 5— 6 mm. (Fig. 205).

Common throughout Indiana, apparently more so in the
northern counties. Occurs throughout the year, both adults
and the larger nymphs hibernating in cavities in the mud or
muck along the margins of streams and lakes. Arch Creek,
R. P. Park, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., December — April. Bar-
ber records it from a dozen or more stations in that State. Its
recorded range extends from "Lower Canada" (Uhler, 1884)
and New England west to the Pacific and southwest to Florida,
Arizona, Mexico and Central America, but many of these rec-
ords doubtless refer to other species. Uhler (1884, 263) calls
it : "A variously tinted chunk of insect entity," and likens its
form to that of "an Indian hoe or stone skin-dresser." He says :

"They may often be seen in the month of May walking about between
the stones on the low banks of brooks and streams where Tettix and
Batrachidea (grouse-locusts) abound, watching an opportunity to seize
one of these insects, and when the favorable moment arrives, leaping
suddenly upon one of them, clasping it with tight embrace between the
front femora and tibia? and then sucking out all its vital juices. It leaps
with extraordinary facility, and in this way often eludes its pursuers by
alighting on spots which almost exactly match its colors."

Hungerford (1923c, 167) states that the eggs are laid in the
sand, hatch in twelve days, pass through five instars and reach
maturity in 47 to 89 days from egg to adult, or 60 to 100
days for total development.

1167 ( — ). Gelastocoris barberi Bueno, 1923, 393.

Broadly oval. Upper surface variegated with black, bronze and blue,
thickly beset with small white tubercles, giving it a shagreened aspect;
legs dull white touched with brown, spines black. Eyes prominent, in-
clined forward. Pronotum two and three-fifth times broader than long,
basal three-fourths of side margins rounded, converging in front, sub-
angulate at middle; disk convex, the median obtuse tubercles prominent;
scutellum convex, wider than long. Elytra not passing abdomen, their
tips broadly rounded; membrane very short. Front femora shorter than
tibiae and tarsi united, grooved, edges of groove spinose; middle femora
three times as thick and longer than tibia?; hind legs longest, their femora
not spined, tibia? longer than femora, beset with long seta?. Length,
6.3 mm.

Known only from the single male type taken Oct. 16 at Mun-
cie, 111.

1168 ( — ). Gelastocoris subsimilis sp. nov.

Oblong-oval. Above dark fuscous-brown to steel-gray, the elytra
more or less mottled with large silvery-gray spots and smaller black

1026 FAMILY XXXV. — NERTHRID^E.

ones, the granules often in part metallic yellow; under surface in great
part bluish-black, the prosternum, pleura of meso- and metasterna and
genital plate, in part or wholly, ivory-white; legs dull white distinctly
annulated with fuscous-black; beak, tarsal claws and spines of tibiae
black. Eyes less divergent than in oculatus. Pronotum with side mar-
gins of front lobe less deeply sinuate; humeral angles less broadly ex-
panded, their apex obtusely angled; disk of front lobe less uneven, the
ridges broader and lower. Elytra very slightly surpassing abdomen.
Connexivum narrowly exposed, the edges of its segments even, the hind
angles not prolonged, each bearing a tuft of long grayish hairs. Other
characters as in key. Length, 6.5 — 7.5 mm.; width, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Ormond, Dunedin, Sarasota, Ft. Myers, Bassenger, R. P.
Park and Moore Haven, Fla., November — April. Occurs on the
flats along the margins of lakes and wet-weather ponds. Much
more common in southern Florida than oculatus and distin-
guished by its smaller, more oblong form, darker general color
with spots of silvery-gray and metallic granules, narrower
head, less deeply sinuate margins of pronotum, more narrowly
exposed connexivum, longer front tarsal claws, etc. As in
oculatus the color is variable, depending upon that of its local
habitat, but the legs are always paler and the surface tinged
with bluish.

1169 (1409). Gelastocoris variegatus (Guerin), 1844, 352.

Broadly oval. Above bronzed brown with a metallic tinge; sides of
pronotum and elytra with prominent spots of silvery-gray scales, a large
spot of similar scales on middle of basal half of pronotum; inner half of
corium and costal area each with a subquadrate black spot near middle;
legs annulate with black and white; abdomen black; flanks of sterna and
genital plate white. Sides of pronotum deeply sinuate, those of front half
nearly straight and subparallel ; of posterior half foliaceous, finely cre-
nate in front, the humeral angles obtuse. Connexivum wholly concealed,
male, narrowly exposed, female. Length, 6 — 7 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 2. One pair taken from beneath a log
close to the water's edge on the bay beach. A prettily marked
and widely distributed species ranging, according to Uhler and
Champion, from Maryland, Florida and Texas south and west
throughout Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South
America.

II. Glossoaspis1"1 Blatchley, 1925, 50.

Small broadly oval or subquadrate species having the head
immersed in thorax to eyes, vertex very short, front vertical,

iniFrom the Greek t/lossa, "tongue," and aspis, "shield," referring to the tongue-
like apical portion of seutellum.

THE TOAD BUGS. 1027

the front of body therefore appearing as if truncate or squarely
cut off ; eyes small, renif orm ; ocelli distinct, each set on a small
interocular tubercle ; pronotum short, very broad, the disk with
median portion convex, uneven, sides strongly flattened ; elytra
wholly coriaceous, closely united along a median straight line,
the usual divisions wanting, the costal margins expanded near
base to form a short broadly rounded lobe ; scutellum with basal
portion very short, nearly one-half as wide as pronotum, sepa-
rated from the much narrower apical portion by a sinuate
transverse groove, the apical portion forming a tongue-like
wedge between the bases of elytra, its apex narrowly rounded ;
front legs short, femora very stout, broadly and shallowly
grooved, the front margin of groove evenly widened and armed
with a row of numerous close-set, very short denticles, the hind
margin of groove scarcely raised ; front tibiae slender, cylindri-
cal, feebly curved, the tarsal joint very short, the long curved
acute single claw appearing as if united to the end of tibiae ;
middle and hind legs slender, each with two tarsal claws ; mid-
dle tarsi 1-jointed, hind tarsi 3-jointed, the third joint as long
as the others united ; meso and metasterna each with an erect
tubercle which is compressed or laminate on three sides at
base.

This genus differs from Nerthra by the characters given in
key as well as a number of those set forth above, and from
Mononyx by the elytra being wholly coriaceous without clavus
or membrane, not overlapping as there, but meeting in a
straight sutural line. With Nerthra Say, it forms the subfamily
Nerthrinae Kirkaldy (1906, 149) while Mononyx alone of our
North American genera belongs to the subfamily Mononychinse
Fieber. The generic type and only species is :

1170 ( — ). Glossoaspis brunnea Blatchley, 1925, 51.

Subquadrate, broadly rounded behind. Color above a nearly uniform
dark brown, when living coated with an earthy incrustation; sides of
pronotum, apical portion of scutellum, tubercles of elytra, posterior half
of each connexival, sterna and femora wholly or in great part dull yel-
low; abdomen, tibiae and tarsi dull fuscous-brown, the posterior apical
angle of each ventral paler. Beak concealed beneath the strongly deflexed
head, its apex visible between the front coxa?. Pronotum two and a half
times as wide as long, its transverse impression placed very close to base;
side margins straight and subparallel, rounded into base, the apical
angles obtuse, slightly prolonged; hind margin trisinuate; disk with
sides broadly flattened, median portion with a transverse convexity
formed of four broad obtuse tubercles separated by wide shallow grooves,
the two median tubercles much the larger. Elytra at base slightly nar-

1028 FAMILY XXXV. — NERTHRID^E.

rower than pronotum, conjointly oval, reaching tip of abdomen; disk dis-
tinctly not strongly concave, not punctate and without seta?, each with a
short oblong tubercle at middle of base, a larger obtuse one at middle and
a third, much smaller, close to suture at apical fourth. Connexivum
rather broadly exposed behind the sub-basal lobe of elytra, its margin
coarsely crenate. Apex of front trochanters forming a short bifid tooth.
Middle tarsi 1-jointed; hind tarsi 3-jointed, the third joint as long as
the others united. Genital plate of male concealed beneath the sixth
ventral. Other structural characters as above given. Length, 8.2 mm.;
width, 5 mm.

Known only from two males taken March 21, 1911, from
the muddy margins of Arch Creek, Fla. This is probably the
Monoiiyx stygicus of Uhler (1884, 264) nee Say, and the Nerthra
stygica Say of Howard (1902, pi. XXIX, fig. 16) but, as pointed
out by Bueno (1905e) it is not Say's species which is described
below. However, Bueno is in error in supposing that the form
described by Uhler and figured by Howard is "either Mononyx
fuscipes Guer. or M. nepoeformis (Fabr.)," as those two species
are both true members of Mononyx, having the elytral mem-
brane present and overlapping.

III. Nerthra Say, 1832, 37 ; I, 364.

Differs from Glossoaspis by the characters given in key and
by having the front of head less vertical, more triangular and
tuberculate near apex ; ocelli very small, almost concealed by
the surface crust ; eyes shorter, more convex ; pronotum nar-
rower, twice as wide as long, its sides less broadly flattened
and median convexity less rugose ; elytra without a lateral ex-
pansion near base, the disk feebly convex instead of concave,
without distinct tubercles, but much roughened with oblique
lines of short acute elevations; front femora more swollen, the
raised inner margin of their groove wider or more elevated, but
confined to the apical half ; front tibiae and the single tarsal claw
shorter, the former carinate on outer side ; mesosternal tubercle
shorter, compressed, more inclined, its apex with several
bristles; hind tarsi 3-jointed, the joints subequal in length.
Genital plate of male deflected toward the right. One species
is known.

1171 (1411). Nerthra stygica Say, 1832, 37; I, 364.

Oval, broadly rounded behind. Dull blackish-brown above, fuscous-
brown beneath ; flattened sides of pronotum sometimes yellowish ; tibiae
and tarsi piceous. Apex of front of head with four small tubercles, the
median pair the longer. Pronotum with sides straight, subparallel, feebly

THE CREEPING WATER-BUGS. 1029

curved at apical fourth, front angles obtuse, slightly prolonged; hind
margin subtruncate, disk with median portion moderately convex, rough-
ened or uneven, without distinct tubercles or grooves. Scutellum indis-
tinct, apparently fused with the elytra. Elytra with base as wide as
pronotum, apex conjointly broadly rounded, the median suture indicated
only by a feeble groove. Connexivum narrowly exposed, its margin
entire. Other characters as above given. Length, 7.4 — 7.8 mm. ; width,
5.3 — 5.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 21 — March 20 ; one female and one nymph
taken from the mucky margin of a pond, a third from the maws
of a spider beneath a gunny sack in an orange groove. Re-
corded from Charlotte Harbor, Ft. Myers and Enterprise, Fla.
Described from Georgia and known only from those two states.

Family XXXVI. NAUCORIM] Fallen, 1814, 3, 15.

The Creeping Water-bugs.

Oval, subdepressed aquatic Heteroptera of medium size, hav-
ing the head large, wider than long, vertical in front, inserted
in thorax to middle of the large lunate eyes; ocelli wanting;
beak short, 3-jointed, acute, its base covered by the large flat
labrum ; antennae short, 4-jointed, in repose concealed in clefts
beneath the eyes; pronotum much wider than long; scutellum
broadly triangular, obtuse at tip ; elytra coriaceous, clavus and
corium distinct, membrane feebly differentiated ; legs short,
subequal in length, front ones inserted on or near the front of
prosternum, raptorial, with femora usually much swollen ; mid-
dle and hind legs slender, fitted for crawling, their tarsi 2-
jointed and ending in long claws.

The family is a small one comprising about nine genera and
represented by nearly 60 described species, many of them
synonyms. Of these but two genera and thirteen species are
known from North America and but one genus and two species
from our territory. Of their habits Uhler (1884, 259) says:
"They are fond of reedy and grassy quiet waters where they
move about like the Dytiscid beetles, creeping and half swim-
ming around and between the leaves and sprays of the sub-
merged plants and suddenly seizing any unlucky Corisa or other
insect that happens to be within reach." The principal liter-
ature treating of our species is by Stal, 1876 ; Uhler, 1884 ;
Montandon, 1898; Champion, 1901, and Bueno, 1903, 1907b.

1030 FAMILY XXXVI. — NAUCORIDTE.

I. Pelocoris Stal, 1876, 42.

To this genus belong those members of the family having
the eyes lunate, widely separated, their front portions converg-
ing and inner margins sinuate ; labrum subtriangular, its apex
obtuse; front margin of pronotum but feebly concave or sinu-
ate ; embolium flattened, covering the basal half of connexivum ;
under side of head and prosternum strongly carinate at middle ;
mesosternum elevated, obtusely tectiform ; front tibiae slender,
curved, received in a groove on under side of femora ; front
tarsi 1-jointed, destitute of claws; hind tarsi shorter than tibiae,
the latter with two rows of sub-appressed spines. Two of the
1,4 nominal species occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PELOCORIS.

a. Front portion of pronotum, except at middle, with densely placed
very fine and shallow ocellate punctures, its side margins but
feebly flattened ; median lobe of sixth ventral of female not cleft.

1172. FEMORATUS.

aa. Front portion of pronotum, except at middle, densely, finely rugosely
shagreened or scabrous and with numerous scattered coarse punc-
tures, its side margins more broadly flattened; median lobe of sixth
ventral of female deeply cleft. 1173. carolinensis.

1172 (1366). Pelocoris femoratus (Palisot de Beauvois), 1805, 237.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Head, prosternum, front portion of
pronotum, connexivum and sometimes the scutellum dull greenish-yellow,
the head usually with a median brown stripe, this
widened on apex and often extending back onto
pronotum; hind lobe of pronotum dull white with
scattered longitudinal darker marks; elytra, scutel-
lum usually, and under surface olive-brown or gray,
the clavus sometimes paler; legs and beak dull
greenish-yellow, the tips of tibiae and tarsi darker;
connexivals each with an oblong brown spot next the
incisure, their hind angles acute, slightly prolonged,
more so in male. Head with a vague lengthwise
median impression, the sides near eyes coarsely,

Fig. 206, x 3. sparsely punctate. Pronotum more than twice as

(After Champion). ., ., ,. , ,, ., . ,

wide as its median length, its transverse impressed

line across basal fourth feeble; middle of front portion with a triangular
area marked with short transverse impressed lines, these regularly de-
creasing in length from the front, hind portion shagreened in wavy trans-
verse lines. Scutellum and elytra thickly very finely punctate, each punc-
ture enclosing a minute prostrate yellowish hair. Keel of mesosternum,
tarsi and genital segments each with numerous long inclined hairs. Male
with fifth and sixth ventrals formed of three movable parts; genital
oblong-oval, convex. Length, 9 — 11.5 mm. (Fig. 206).

THE CREEPING WATER-BUGS. 1031

Common in northern Indiana, less so in the southern
counties. Occurs throughout the year, the adults hibernating
in the mud and debris on the bottom and along the sides of the
pools which they inhabit. Sanford, Arch Creek, R. P. Park,
Moore Haven and Dunedin, Fla., December — April. Recorded
also from several other stations and doubtless occurs through-
out that State. Its recorded range extends from New England
west to South Dakota and southwest to Florida, Louisiana,
Central America and even Uruguay, but probably several
species are included. A form known as biimpressus Montd., re-
corded by Stal from "N. Am.", differs from femoratus only in
having a darker scutellum and a dark streak on embolium. The
color of femoratus is variable, the pronotum being sometimes
thickly sprinkled with fuscous spots and the under surface
often in great part or wholly greenish-yellow. Of its habits
Uhler (1884, 259) says:

"It has an exceedingly acute rostrum and uses it with great free-
dom upon small mollusks, larvae of dragonfiies and other aquatic animals.
The adults hibernate in deep muck, especially where reeds or water-
plants remain rooted throughout the winter. Upon the first approach of
mild weather it leaves the winter retreat, moves actively about and soon
prepares to lay the eggs which it glues to the submerged leaves and
sprays of plants."

Bueno (1903, 172) states that: "The adults may, under fa-
vorable conditions, live for a year, and oviposition seems to be
continuous during the summer, giving a number of overlapping
broods from over-wintering adults." By personal experience I
have learned that P. femoratus, when picked up or held incau-
tiously can and often does inflict a severe wound with its beak,
the pain for a few seconds being more intense than that pro-
duced by the sting of a hornet.

1173 (1368). Pelocoris carolinensis Bueno, 1907b, 227.

Slightly smaller and more narrowed in front than femoratus. Gen-
eral color usually paler, the more flattened margins of pronotum and em-
bolium usually pale greenish-yellow; abdomen varying from dull yellow
to dark brown. Pronotum much as in femoratus, the sculpture on sides
of disk different as shown in key. Connexivum more widely exposed, the
hind angles of its segments more prolonged. Length, 8.2 — 9.6 mm.

Dunedin and Ft. Myers, Fla., November — March (IF. S. B.).
Lake Ellis and Southern Pines, N. Car., June (Brimley). Taken at
Dunedin in company with femoratus and at Ft. Myers by sifting

1032 FAMILY XXXVII. — NEPIDjE.

debris on the bed of an extinct pond. The females are easily
separated from those of femoratus by the deeply cleft sixth
ventral, while the males are difficult to distinguish. Recorded
also from St. Augustine, Titusville and Lake City, Fla., and
known only from that State, North and South Carolina and
Kansas. At Lake Ellis, N. Car., the type locality, it "fairly
swarmed in the lake among the water-weeds."

Family XXXVII. NEPID^E Latreille, 802, 252.

The Water Scorpions.

Aquatic insects of very diverse form but agreeing in having
the head porrect ; ocelli absent ; beak subulate, 3-jointed, very
short; antennae 3-jointed, in repose concealed in a pocket be-
neath each eye; elytra entire, usually covering the abdomen,
the clavus, corium and membrane distinct, the membrane with
reticulate veins; front legs raptorial, inserted very near the
front margin of prosternum, their coxae elongate, femora
grooved beneath for the reception of the tibiae and tarsi, the
latter 1-jointed ; middle and hind legs more slender, not flat-
tened, fitted for crawling, their tarsi also 1-jointed and ending
in a pair of long slender divergent claws ; abdomen furnished
behind with two long, slender bristles, these grooved on the
inner side, and when fitted together forming a respiratory tube.

The members of this family inhabit, for the most part, shal-
low stagnant water and delight in the mud and decaying vege-
table matter which accumulates on its bottom. When they
wish to take in a supply of air they rest on their long legs or
cling to a submerged plant and project the end of the abdominal
tube above the surface of the water film. They have the power
of stridulation or making a noise either to attract their mates
or to express some emotion. Bueno (1903a, 235; 1905c, 85) has
described the stridulation of Ranatra fusca, which at times pro-
duces a "rasping creaky chirp."

"This is produced by a 'tonal apparatus' situated in the deep and
elongated coxal cavities of the first pair of legs and consists essentially
of two opposing rasps, one on the coxa near the base and the other on
the inner surface of the front margin of the lateral plate of the coxal
cavity. The sound is made both in and out of water by the insect jerking
its front legs back and forth. Both legs may be in motion at once, in-
dependently of each other, or one only may be waved about. Each leg
therefore stridulates without reference to the other, as Ranatra jerkily
moves it about in anger or excitement."

THE WATER SCORPIONS. 1033

The principal literature treating of our species is by Uhler,
1862, 1884; Bueno, 1903a, 1905c, 1905d, 1923; Montandon,
1910, 1910a, and Hungerford, 1920, 1923b. The family is a
small one and is represented in America by eight genera and
about 30 species. Of these two genera and seven species occur
in the eastern states.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF NEPIDvE.

a. Form elongate-oval or elliptical, strongly flattened; front tibiae and
tarsi united nearly as long as femora (Subfamily Nepime).

I. Nepa, p. 1033.
aa. Form elongate, subcylindrical; front tibiae and tarsi together less
than half the length of femora (Subfamily Ranatrinae).

II. Ranatra, p. 1034.

I. Nepa Linnaeus, 1758, 440.

Elongate-oval flattened species having the head longer than
wide, inserted up to the eyes in a deep median concavity of the
front of thorax; pronotum flat, much wider than head, sub-
quadrate, side margins straight, front one deeply concave, hind
one more broadly and shallowly so ; scutellum triangular, its
sides nearly equal ; front legs not much shorter than the others,
their coxae very stout, curved, as long as head, femora much
swollen, grooved their full length beneath to receive the curved
tibiae and rigid 1-jointed tarsi, which fit into it like the blade
of a pocket-knife ; middle and hind femora also grooved. But
one American species is known.

1174 (1379). Nepa apiculata Uhler, 1862, 12.

Color a nearly uniform fuscous-gray; base of abdomen above tinged
with reddish; tarsal claws yellow. Head and pronotum granulate, the
latter with the transverse impression across basal third, its front portion
with three broad grooves separated by obtuse ridges, hind one with a
similar groove each side. Scutellum and claval commissure subequal in
length; abdominal tubes less than one-third the length of elytra. Length,
18—20 mm. (Fig. 207, a).

Lake, Kosciusko and Wayne counties, Ind., May — July; prob-
ably occurs throughout the State, but apparently scarce as but
one specimen has been taken at a time. The known range ex-
tends from Quebec and New England west to Minnesota and
Illinois and south to Georgia. Of its habits Severin (1911a, 99,
103) has written:

"It is found in quite shallow water, not much over two or three
inches deep, concealed in the mud, or in a situation where grasses grow

1034 FAMILY XXXVII. — NEPID^E.

out of the water, clinging together. When raked out of the water to-
gether with the mud and partially decayed vegetation, these insects
usually feign death, in which condition they readily escape detection, as
their flat bodies are effectively concealed by the black mud and decaying
plant tissue. When kept in an aquarium Nepa will reach for its prey
with its raptorial legs, but in no instance could it be induced to swim
or run after its prey. If a house-fly or dragon-fly nymph is carefully
and slowly brought toward the front legs, the claw-like tibiae and tarsi
slowly move away from the femora. If they are already extended and well
separated, as is often the case, the insect usually remains perfectly quiet
until the prey is actually placed between the outstretched legs, when sud-
denly it is seized and securely held. The piercing organs are then in-
serted into a soft part of the body and the insect begins to feed.

"Nepa will not only use smaller animals than itself as food, but it
will also feed upon dragon-fly nymphs considerably larger and stronger
than itself, the struggles of the nymphs usually ceasing within a short
time after the piercing organs of a Nej)a have been pushed into their
bodies. That this is the effect of a fluid which Nepa injects into them was
only too well demonstrated on ourselves. While one of us was carelessly
holding several Nepas in a closed hand, one of the insects suddenly punc-
tured the palm, causing an intense pain and soon afterwards a consider-
able swelling. If Nepas are allowed to remain in a jar of water, con-
taining no vegetation or anything upon which they can crawl to the sur-
face, they will all sooner or later be drowned. We have kept them alive
three months in a flat dish with water in it, shallow enough for the in-
sects to reach the surface with their breathing tube, by feeding them
now and then with house-flies and dragon-fly nymphs."

The eggs of Nepa are globular and bear at one end eleven
tubular filaments. They are inserted in the stems of water
plants so that the body of the egg is concealed while the
threads project above the surface of the plant in which the eggs
are inserted.

II. Ranatra Fabricius. 1790. 227.

Elongate, subcylindrical species having the head wider across
the eyes than long ; eyes very prominent, strongly protruding ;
pronotum four or more times longer than its greatest width,
subcylindrical, obtusely carinate above, its front margin slight-
ly widened and feebly concave, hind one deeply concave ; scu-
tellum narrowly triangular, convex, only about one-fourth the
length of claval commisure ; elytra closely embracing the sides
of abdomen, clavus and membrane both very long and narrow;
front legs slender, much shorter than and widely separated
from the others, their coxae nearly as long as pronotum, femora
thickened at base, curved somewhat upward and narrower to-

THE WATER SCORPIONS.

1035

ward apex, armed beneath in front of middle with one or two
blunt teeth, the apical third grooved and finely fimbriate for
the reception of the much shorter curved tibiae and rigid single-
jointed tarsi ; middle and hind legs very slender, the hind tarsi
longer than femora ; abdomen carinate beneath along the mid-
dle; abdominal tube two-thirds or more the length of elytra,
protected at base by a shield formed by a prolongation of the
sides of last dorsal.

Fig. 2n7. a, Nepa apiculata Uhl., X 1.7 ; b. ventral view of head of Ranatra
showing antenna^ (A) in repose; c and d, antennae of Ranatra kirkaldyi Bueno, the
terminal segments fused in c, separate in d ; e, antenna of R. nigra H.-S. ; /, same
of R. fusca P. B. (After Hungerford ) .

The genus is represented throughout the world, about 20
species being known from America, eight of which occur in this
country, six in our territory. The synonymy of our species is
very much confused and will never be correctly determined
with certainty until the types of the R. fusca of Palisot-Beau-
vois and the R. nigra of Herrich-Schaeffer are studied in con-
nection with those of Montandon and others. I have adopted
the conclusions of Hungerford (1923b) in the nomenclature
which follows.

KEY TO EASTERN- SPECIES OF RANATRA.

Front femora broad, stout, not constricted near middle and usually
without a preapical tooth or sinuation (fig. 208, b) ; second joint
of antennae simple, without a branch or prolongation on side (fig.
207, c and d) ; length of body, 23 — 30 mm. 1175. kirkaldyi.

Front femora more slender, distinctly narrowed in front of the sub-
median tooth; second joint of antennae with a branch or prolonga-
tion on side (fig. 207, e and /) .

1036

FAMILY XXXVII. — NEPID^.

Fig. 208. a, Ventral view of head and prothorax of Ranatra buenoi Hung., show-
ing deep rostral groove of prosternum ; b — </, front femora of Ranatra, showing the
form, median tooth and, when present, the subapical one; b. of R- kirkahli/i Bueno ;
c, R. nigra H.-S. ; d, R. buenoi Hung. ; e, R. drakei Hung. ; f, R. fusca P. B. ; (/. R.
australis Hung. (After Hungerford).

b. Front femora very slender, without a preapical tooth (fig. 208, c
and d) ; branch of second antennal not more than one-half the
length of third or last antennal (fig. 207, e) .

c. Groove of prosternum shallow, more or less convex at middle and

with a depressed line each side; color usually pale dull yellow;
breathing tube shorter than abdomen ; length of body, 30 —
32 mm. 1176. nigra.

cc. Groove of prosternum single, as deep or deeper than wide (fig.
208, a) ; color fuscous-brown; breathing tube longer than ab-
domen; length of body, 32 — 38 mm. 1177. buenoi.
bb. Front femora (except in drakei) much stouter and (except in
australis) with a preapical sinuation and tooth; branch of second
antennal more than one-half the length of third antennal (fig.
207, /) .

d. Front femora with a preapical sinuation and tooth (fig. 208, e and

/) ; upper margin of cheeks not elevated above the tylus ; legs
not or very faintly annulated.
e. Front portion of pronotum, along the median dorsal line, more
than twice as long as thickened basal portion ; eyes very large,
their diameter greater than width of interocular area ; breath-
ing tube usually more than 30 mm. in length. 1178. drakei.
ee. Front portion of pronotum distinctly less than twice the length
of thickened basal portion; eyes smaller, not wider than inter-
ocular area; hind femora not reaching middle of fifth ventral;
breathing tube less than 25 mm. in length. 1179. fusca.

dd. Front femora without a preapical sinuation or tooth (fig. 208, g) ;
cheeks prominent, their upper margin rising above the level of
the tylus; front femora and tibia? annulated. 1180. australis.

1175 ( — ). Ranatra kirkaldyi Bueno, 1905d, 187.

Dark brownish-yellow to fuscous-brown; legs sometimes paler than
the body, often distinctly annulated. Eyes smaller and less protruding

THE WATER SCORPIONS. 1037

than in allied species. Antenna? straight without lateral projections, the
third joint often fused with second. Median third of pronotum dis-
tinctly narrower than apical and basal portions. Front femora not nar-
rowed near the submedian tooth, shorter and stouter than in any of our
other species (fig. 208, b) . Prosternum with middle somewhat convex
and with an impressed line each side. Abdominal filaments shorter than
abdomen, the hind tarsi reaching beyond their middle. Length of body,
23—30 mm. ; of breathing tube, 16—20 mm.

Lake, Starke and DeKalb counties, Ind., May — August. R.
P. Park, Fla., March 28 (IV. S. B.). Wolf Lake, Ind., Nov. 17
(Gerhard). Milburnie, Kipling and Raleigh, N. Car., November —
March (Brimley). Ranges from Massachusetts west to South
Dakota and Kansas and south to Florida. Minnesota speci-
mens, according to Hungerford, are shorter and more robust
than typical kirkaldyi and the front femora have a well marked
sinuosity near the inner apex. To them he has given the
varietal name hoffmanni. R. kirkaldyi is our smallest eastern
species. The front femora are but little longer than the coxse
and usually with distinct pale and dark rings, and the pronotum
is relatively more narrowed at middle than in its allies. It was
made a synonym of R. fusca by Montandon and Van Duzee, but
is rightfully considered distinct by Hungerford (1923b, 440).

1176 (1385). Ranatra nigra Herrich-Schaeffer, 1853, 32.

Pale to dull brownish- or grayish-yellow; front legs not annulate, the
knees and tips of tarsi darker; middle and hind legs feebly annulated.
Eyes prominent, but less so than in buenoi. Pronotum relatively short,
its front lobe about two and a fourth times the length of hind one, but
little enlarged in front. Front femora long and slender, more than one-
half longer than coxa?, distinctly narrowed in front of the submedian
tooth (fig. 208, c) ; hind femora reaching tip of elytra. Abdominal fila-
ments shorter than abdomen, the hind tibia? reaching their tip. Length
of body, 30 — 32 mm.; of breathing tube, 18 — 21 mm.

Starke, DeKalb, Kosciusko and Marion counties, Ind., July —
October; probably occurs throughout the State. Dunedin and
R. P. Park, Fla., Nov. 20 — Dec. 12. Four specimens were taken
at Dunedin from a mass of water weeds in a ditch opening into
a large pond and one at R. P. Park from a bunch of Potamogeton
in a canal dug in the surface limestone. These Florida ex-
amples are a uniform slate-gray and have the respiratory tube
23 — 25 mm. long. Otherwise they agree in all particulars with
those from Indiana. The only other known Florida specimen
is in the U. S. National Museum without definite station record.

1038 FAMILY XXXVII. — NEPID^E.

Carey, 111., August (Gerhard). Ranges from Ontario and New-
England west to Minnesota and Kansas and south to Arkansas
and Florida. This, according to Hungerford, is the R. protensa
Montd. (1910, 185) and of subsequent authors. It is more
slender with shorter breathing tube than fusca= (americana)
and lacks the preapical femoral tooth of that species. From
kirkaldyi it differs in the longer, much more slender front
femora and less widened apical third of pronotum. It was prob-
ably of this species that Uhler (1884, 254) under the name of
R. fitsca, wrote :

"It delights to live among the muck and rubbish of shallow fresh
water, and may sometimes be seen lodged on the stems and leaves of the
pond-weed in basins of cold spring water. During the warm summer
weather it may be seen at times resting for an hour or more on the bot-
tom, stilted on its long legs, with its respiratory tube projected upward,
just a little above the surface of the water. At other times it searches
for the eggs of pond-fish, which it destroys by drawing out their con-
tents, and it occasionally attacks the young fish of other kinds, grasping
them with its fore claws and sucking their blood."

1177 ( — ). Ranatra buenoi Hungerford, 1923b, 44.

Dull gray to dark fuscous, front femora unicolorous; middle and hind
legs of the paler individuals indistinctly annulated. Eyes very promi-
nent, their diameter greater than width of interocular area. Front portion
of pronotum but very slightly wider at apex than at middle, about twice
as long as hind lobe (7.5 to 4 mm.). Prosternum with a single deep and
broad median groove (fig. 208, a). Front femora as in nigra, the sub-
median tooth larger, placed at apical two-fifths (fig. 208, d) . Hind
femora scarcely reaching end of abdomen ; hind tibias slightly surpassing
end of breathing tube. Length of body, 32 — 38 mm. ; of breathing tube,
22—27 mm.

Raleigh and McCutters, N. Car., June — September (Brimley).
Its known range is southern, extending from Missouri to
Florida, Louisiana and Texas. Hungerford records the taking
of 17 males and 22 females at Gainesville, Fla., by Drake on
June 19. This is the R. fitsca of Bueno (1905d, 188) nee Beau-
vois. The single broad and deep sulcus of prosternum and
much longer breathing tube readily distinguish it from nigra,
its nearest ally.

1178 (— ). Ranatra drakei Hungerford, 1923b, 451.

Elongate-subcylindrical, long and slender for the genus. Dull brown-
ish-yellow, in life overcast with an orange tinge; legs not annulated.
Eyes very large and prominent, their diameter greater than the interocu-
lar width. Pronotum long and slender, its front portion with apex but

THE WATER SCORPIONS.

1039

little wider than middle, more than twice the length (along the dorsal
median line) of hind one. Prosternum with a narrow and shallow
median groove, with an impressed line each side. Front femora long and
slender, with a distinct preapical sinuation, the tooth behind this slender,
subacute (fig. 208, e) ; hind femora reaching or passing middle of
last ventral segment; hind tibiae reaching or slightly passing middle of
breathing tube. Abdomen two and one-fourth times the length of pro-
notum. Breathing tube very long, in many specimens as long as body.
Length of body, 35 — 46 mm. ; of breathing tube, 28 — 44 mm.

Raleigh, N. Car., June (Brimley). Described from Gainesville,
Fla., and hitherto recorded only from there. The pale color,
large prominent eyes, long slender body and pronotum and very

long caudal filaments, are
the principal distinctive
characters of this species.

1179 (1383). Ranatra fus-
ca Palisot de Beau-
vois, 1805, 235.

Dark reddish- to fuscous-
brown ; legs not or very
faintly annulated; front fem-
ora usually paler than the
coxa?. Eyes prominent, as
wide as interocular area. Pro-
notum as in key, its front
portion but little wider at
apex than middle, about one-
half longer than the thicker
basal one, (6 mm. to 4.2
mm.), the hind margin of lat-
ter rather deeply and nar-
rowly emarginate. Proster-
num with a wide and shallow
median groove. Front femora
relatively stout, one-half
longer than the coxa?, and
with a distinct preapical
FiK. 209, x 2. (After Lugger) . sinuation preceded by a blunt

tooth (fig. 208, /). Middle and hind femora relatively short, the latter
scarcely surpassing middle of membrane; hind tibiae reaching about to
apical fourth of breathing tube, the latter shorter than abdomen. Length
of body, 35 — 42 mm.; of breathing tube, 21 — 24 mm. (Fig. 209).

Lake, Marion, Putnam and Vigo counties, Ind., May 9 — Oct.
1. Forest Hills, Mass. ; Ft. Lee, N. J., and Raleigh, N. Car.,
(Brimley). Ranges from Quebec and New England west to

1040 FAMILY XXXVII. — NEPID^.

South Dakota and Colorado, and southwest to Florida, Kan-
sas and Texas. Recorded by Barber from St. Augustine and
Titusville, Fla. This is our most robust eastern species, but it is
equalled or exceeded in length by some examples of australis and
drakei. It is the R. americana Montandon (1910a, 65) and is
probably more common and more widely distributed than any
of our others. The robust form, with preapical sinuation and
tooth of front femora distinguish it from all others except
drakei, from which it is separated by the characters given in
key. An occasional specimen is found in which the preapical
tooth of front femora is absent. These represent the var.
edentula Montandon. R. fusca has also been recorded many times
under the name R. quadridentata Stal, a name belonging to a
southwestern species.

1180 ( — ). Ranatra australis Hungerford, 1923b, 449.

Elongate, subcylindrical, rather slender. Dark fuscous- or grayish-
brown; front femora and tibiae with paler annulations. Eyes rather
small, their diameter less than width of interocular area. Cheeks wider
and more prominent than in any other species. Front part of pronotum
subcylindrical, about twice as long as thickened basal portion, the hind
margin of latter broadly and shallowly emarginate. Scutellum with two
pit-like foveae. Groove of prosternum as in fusca. Front femora rather
stout and broad, without preapical sinuation, more than one-half longer
than coxae (fig. 208, g) . Hind femora passing middle of last ventral.
Genital plate of female strongly carinate at middle. Breathing tube
distinctly longer than abdomen. Length of body, 32 — 37 mm.; of breath-
ing tube, 27 — 30 mm.

Ormond, Lake Wales, Moore Haven, R. P. Park and Dunedin,
Fla., December— April (W.S.B.). Mobile, Ala., (Gerhard). Its
known distribution is southern, extending from North Carolina
and Florida west to Kansas, Louisiana and Texas. This I have
found to be the most common Ranatra in Florida, where it oc-
curs among the Chara and other water weeds of shallow ditches,
and along the margins of ponds and lakes. A number of Hun-
gerford's cotypes were from Gainesville and Lake Kissimmee.
The Kissimmee specimen in the U. S. National Museum is
labeled: "Alligator flea or water-dog, said to bite or sting
severely." This species is allied to fusca but is more slender,
with longer pronotum and breathing tube, more prominent
cheeks, front femora devoid of preapical tooth and both they
and tibia? distinctly annulate, a color character not mentioned
by Hungerford.

THE GIANT WATER-BUGS. 1041

Family XXXVIII. BELOSTOMATID^E Leach, 1815, 123.
The Giant Water-bugs.

Large or very large, dull brown, oval or oblong-oval, subde-
pressed aquatic Heteroptera having the head subconical, longer
than the width across the eyes, declivent in front ; eyes large,
projecting backward over front angles of pronotum ; ocelli ab-
sent ; beak stout, 3-jointed, reaching or slightly surpassing
front coxae; antennas very short, 4-jointed, the two middle
joints more or less pectinate, in repose concealed beneath the
eyes ; pronotum trapezoidal with a transverse impressed line
behind its middle, hind margin subtruncate, front one feebly
sinuate ; scutellum large, flat, triangular, its apex acute ; elytra
entire, covering the abdomen, the usual divisions distinct ; legs
short, front ones prehensile, their coxae short, femora stout,
usually grooved for the reception of the tibiae, front tarsi 2-
jointed, ending in a single long sharp claw; middle and hind
legs fitted for swimming, their tibiae and tarsi flattened, the
edges in Benacus and Lethocerus with a dense fringe of hairs, in
Belostoma armed also with setae, the tarsi with two claws ; abdo-
men with sides furnished with a broad stripe of appressed silky
yellowish hairs and apex with a pair of short retractile strap-
like appendages which, in repose, are usually concealed ; ven-
trals each appearing as if composed of three pieces, viz., a flat
subquadrate one each side and a much wider median one which
is strongly keeled.

In bulk of body this family comprises the largest of our
Heteroptera some of the tropical South American species
reaching a length of more than four inches. All are predatory,
feeding on aquatic insects, young fish, tadpoles and other water-
dwelling creatures. In the nymphal stages the front tarsi are
furnished with two long claws, in the adult with but one. Dur-
ing the mating season they fly from one pool or body of water
to another. When electric street lights were first installed our
larger species were attracted to them by hundreds and for the
first time the average human learned that such bugs were deni-
zens of the earth. To them he gave the name of "electric light
bugs," and their uncouth shape and sprawling motions, when
on the ground benath the lights, usually caused him to regard
them with a "holy terror." They are, however, harmless, but
when picked up incautiously can inflict a severe wound with
their stout beak. This is very painful for a time, but seldom
produces a swelling or numbness.

1042 FAMILY XXXVIII. — BELOSTOMATID^E.

About 12 genera and 60 species of Belostomatidse are known,
mostly from the tropical regions. Of these four genera and 20
species are recorded from North America, three genera and
seven species being definitely known from the eastern states.
The principal literature treating of our forms is by Say, 1832 ;
Leidy, 1847; Mayr, 1852, 1871; Uhler, 1884 ; Montandon, 1896;
Champion, 1901; Bueno, 1906a, 1923; Needham, 1907, and
Hungerford, 1920.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF BELOSTOMATIDSE.

a. Fore femora not grooved in front; length, 50 or more mm.

I. Benacus, p. 1042.
act. Fore femora grooved in front.

b. Elongate-oval; cheeks meeting in front of tylus; beak elongate-
conical or subulate, its first joint shorter than second; larger,
length, 40 or more mm. II. Lethocerus, p. 1043.

bb. Broadly oval; cheeks not meeting in front of tylus; beak subcylin-
drical, acute, its first joint longer than second; smaller, length,
less than 30 mm. III. Belostoma, p. 1045.

I. Benacus Stal, 1862a, 205.

This genus contains but a single species, our largest repre-
sentative of the family. It has the front legs more slender than
in the species of Lethocerus and their femora, instead of being
grooved in front are rounded off and widely clothed with a very
short velvety pile.

1181 (1387). Benacus griseus (Say), 1832, 37; I, 365.

Elongate-oval. Above dark olive- or grayish-brown ; head except
eyes, a vague median stripe and some irregular blotches on pronotum,
and the narrow side margins of pronotum and elytra, dull yellow; sterna
also dull yellow with three narrow blackish stripes ; remainder of under
surface and legs, fuscous-brown, the femora and keel of abdomen often
wholly or in part paler. Tylus short, oval, enclosed by the short broadly
triangular cheeks. Pronotum with a narrow median impressed line, its
side margins straight, converging from base to apex. Length, 55 — 65
mm. ; width, 18 — 22 mm.

Lake, Kosciusko, Blackford and Marion counties, Ind., May
— October ; doubtless occurs throughout the State. Braden-
town and Istokpoga, Fla., January — March. Recorded also
from Clearwater, Ft. Myers and St. Augustine, Fla. Occurs in
sluggish waters of ponds and streams and in early summer,
during the mating season, often at electric lights. At that sea-
son numerous specimens may often be found in the washup of
Lake Michigan and the larger lakes of Indiana. Its known
range extends from Quebec and New England west to Min-

THE GIANT WATER-BUGS. 1043

nesota and Iowa, and south to Florida, Texas and the West
Indies. The eggs are large and spherical and are attached to
the stems of rushes and other water plants. Uhler (1884, 256)
calls it :

"The facile master of the ponds and rivers of the Atlantic States.
Developing in the quiet pools, secreting itself beneath stones or rubbish,
it watches the approach of a mud-minnow, frog or other small-sized
tenant of the water, when it darts with sudden rapidity upon its un-
prepared victim, grasps the creature with its strong clasping fore legs,
plunges its deadly beak deep into the flesh and proceeds with the utmost
coolness to leisurely suck its blood. A copious supply of saliva is poured
into the wound and no doubt aids in producing the paralysis which, in
small creatures, so speedily follows its puncture."

II. Lethocerus Mayr, 1852, 15.

The larger species of this genus resemble very closely those
of Benacus, but are readily distinguished by the shorter legs
with much broader fore femora which are deeply grooved in
front for the reception of the tibiae and tarsi ; middle and hind
femora also grooved. About ten species are known, five from
North America, three of these occurring in our territory. They
were formerly classed under the generic name Belostoma, now
applied to the smaller species formerly known as Zaitha. Bueno
(1923, 397) says that the eggs of Lethocerus are laid in masses
under stones, planks or logs in wet places near their haunts.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LETHOCERUS.

a. Sides of elytra obviously, but feebly, curved; middle and hind legs
vaguely if at all annulate.
b. Width of interocular area subequal to that of one eye; legs com-
paratively long and stout; length, 50 or more mm.

1182. AMERICANUS.

bb. Width of interocular area greater than that of one eye; legs shorter
and more slender; length, 40 to 45 mm. 1183. OBSCURUS.

aa. Sides of elytra straight and subparallel from base to apical third;
middle and hind legs distinctly annulate; length, 40 — 48 mm.

1184. UHLERI.

1182 (1388). Lethocerus americanus (Leidy), 1847, 58, 66.

Elongate-oval. Color above a nearly uniform dull brownish-yellow,
more or less mottled or streaked with wavy fuscous lines ; scutellum
sometimes with three vague paler spots; under surface in great part dull
yellow dotted with fuscous, the sides and hind margins of sterna often
darker; femora dull yellow vaguely mottled with black; tibiae and tarsi
fuscous-brown. Vertex narrower and less convex than in B. griseus.
Front femora very broad, the groove bordered each side by dense dark
brown velvety pile. Length, 50 — 55 mm.; width, 19 — 21 mm. (Fig. 210).

1044

FAMILY XXXVIII. — BELOSTOMATID^E.

Fig. 210. Natural size.
(After Garman. Hemiptera of
Connecticut) .

Vigo and Marion counties, Ind., October; Orizaba, Mexico,
July (W. S. A'.). Chicago, 111., June (Gerhard). Ranges from Que-
bec and New England west to British Columbia and Colorado
and southwest to Florida, Texas and Mexico. The only definite

Florida record is that of Barber (1914)
from Jacksonville. Like B. griseus,
which it resembles very closely in size
and color, it is attracted to electric
lights, my Orizaba specimens having
been taken in the gutter beneath an arc
light. Its habits, as far as known, are
the same as those of B. griseus.

1183 (1389). Lethocerus obscurus (Du-
four), 1863, 383.
Elongate-oval ; sides of vertex subparallel.
Above dull brownish-yellow, more or less
mottled with wavy fuscous lines; under sur-
face fuscous-brown, the pro- and mesosterna
paler; legs dull yellow with fuscous mark-
ings more evident than in americanus. Ver-
tex wider and more convex than there. Front

femora narrower, its groove more shallow. Length, 40 — 45 mm. ; width.

17—18 mm.

Staten Island, N. Y., and Washington, D. C, June {Dans).
Chicago, 111., May (Gerhard) . Ranges from Massachusetts west
to Illinois. Recorded also from Utah. Smaller, more slender
and parallel, and usually of a darker hue than americanus.

1184 (1391). Lethocerus uhleri (Montandon), 1896, 513.

General color dull brownish-yellow; vertex, except extreme base, a
broad stripe each side of front lobe of pronotum, greater part of hind
lobe, scutellum except sides, base of clavus and inner half of corium, dark
fuscous-brown; middle and hind legs distinctly annulated with pale and
dark rings; front femora dull yellow, vaguely striped or tinged with fus-
cous; front tibiae and tarsi fuscous-brown. Interocular area about as
wide as eye, obtusely carinate, its sides parallel. Pronotum trapezoidal,
its side margins straight and converging from base to apex; disk of
front lobe with a median impressed line; of hind one and scutellum with
a vague, narrow median carina. Connexivum narrowly exposed. Front
femora moderately broad, deeply and narrowly sulcate. Length, 40 — 48
mm.; width, 16 — 18 mm.

Marshall Co., Ind., June 11. Ft. Myers and Dunedin, Fla.,
March— April ; at electric light (W. S. B.) . Mobile, Ala., August
(Gerhard). Macon, Ga. (Davis). Recorded from five other
Florida stations and apparently the most common species in

THE GIANT WATER-BUGS. 1045

that State. Its recorded range extends from Pennsylvania and
New Jersey west to Wisconsin and Kansas, and southwest to
Florida and Louisiana. Smaller with sides more parallel than
our other two species, the pale and dark markings more con-
trasting above and middle and hind legs distinctly annulated.

III. Belostoma Latreille, 1807, 144.

Medium sized broadly oval, flat species having the interocular
area much wider than the diameter of one eye ; tylus produced
beyond the apex of cheeks ; beak passing front coxse; pronotum
subtrapezoidal, its front and side margins more or less sinuate
or concave, the latter less convergent than in the two preceding
genera, front lobe with a small oval concavity each side ; elytra
covering the abdomen, each with a small spot of golden pubes-
cence near the inner apical angle of the corium ; membrane with
diagonal, usually simple, veins ; connexivum narrowly exposed ;
front legs short and stout, their femora grooved ; middle and
hind ones longer, more slender, with both femora and tibiae
grooved and setose or spinose along the margins of the grooves,
the tibiae also fimbriate as in Benacus; apex of middle lobe of
sixth ventral in males rounded or subacuminate.

Bueno (1906a) has given an account of the habits of B.
fluminea Say, which may be taken as typical for the genus. In
it he says :

"This species is, in common with all water-bugs, a predaceous carni-
vore, feeding on the juices of insects and snails, and very probably of such
small or weak vertebrates as it can overpower. In times of stress it will
feed on its own nymphs, which in turn are not averse to preying on each
other when hungry, which is always. The bug apparently injects some
paralyzing poison into its victims. Ordinarily, the prey is seized by the
raptorial anterior feet and at times all three pairs are employed to hold
fast some powerful insect or large victim, such as a snail. This water-
bug's favorite haunts are muddy-bottomed ponds where it lurks among
the weeds at the bottom. Sometimes it is found in little bayed-in places
in streams, where there is a backwater, with grasses growing into it from
the banks, or from the bottom.

"The eggs of Belostoma are borne during incubation on the back of
the male. It was an American woman, Miss F. W. Slater, who finally
established1"2 the fact that the female seized the male forcibly and con-
verted him into an animated portable incubator. The female places
herself on top of the male, her thorax extending outwai'd and her legs
hooked under him. Now, starting somewhere near the middle and sidling
along every little while, she works her way around him as she fastens

in2Amer. Naturalist. 1899. pp. 931 — 933.

1046 FAMILY XXXVIII. — BELOSTOMATID>£.

her eggs on his back by means of the water-proof glue secreted for that
purpose. The male all the while hangs from the surface, back up, with
his legs curled up under him, bravely bearing up under his burden. The
egg-bearing male, however, like others of the same sex, dislikes exceed-
ingly this forced servitude and does all he can to rid himself of his bur-
den. From time to time he passes his third pair of legs over the dorsum,
apparently in an endeavor to accomplish his purpose. In general, how-
ever, he keeps to his position at the surface, and every now and then
moves up and down quite rapidly with a peculiar springy motion. If he
is not able to get rid of it, as sometimes happens, he carries his burden
till in due time, some ten days or so, all the little ones are emerged,
when he at last frees himself from it. This egg bearing of the male, I
imagine, is for the purpose of protecting the ova from the voracious
appetites of the adults. I have observed males that succeeded in casting
off the unhatched ova, seize them and greedily suck them. The females,
also, are not free from this vice.

"In emerging, the young nymph escapes through a lid at the top of
the egg, and when all, or at least the greater part, of the ova are empty,
the male casts off the entire mass of shells and goes about his business.
The same female may again burden him, and so far as aquarium observa-
tions go, she deposits several batches of eggs, averaging from 25 to 125
each, so she may become the mother of a progeny running into the
hundreds."

Of the eight species of Belostoma recorded by Van Duzee from
North America, three1" : occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF BELOSTOMA.

a. Length, 20 or more mm.

b. Head but slightly longer than front lobe of pronotum, the tylus

less convex, not prominent; claval commissure distinctly shorter

than scutellum; form more narrow, less tapering behind middle

of elytra. 1185. fluminea.

hb. Head as long as middle of pronotum; tylus more convex, very

prominent; claval commissure equal to or longer than scutellum;

form more broadly oval, strongly tapering behind middle of

elytra. 1186. lutarium.

an. Length less than 20 mm.; head and tylus as in fluminea, its apex

more blunt. 1187. testaceum.

1185 (1393). Belostoma fluminea Say, 1832, 38; I, 364.

General color varying from a nearly uniform brownish-yellow to fus-
cous-brown; legs usually with large dark spots, the front femora often
black beneath. Disk of pronotum finely transversely rugulose and granu-
late, the sides nearly straight. Scutellum with fine lengthwise rugae at
middle of basal portion and transverse ones near apex. Elytra with

l0*The /»'. boscii Lep. & Serv. (usually listed as Zaitha union U.S., a synonym)
is recorded by Van Duzee (1917, 468) from "Carolina," Florida. Arizona and Cali-
fornia. No definite eastern record can be found. The nearest approach to one is
that of Uhler (1894a, 22X). where he says: "The habits of this species in Grenada
seem to be the same as in Florida and the southwestern states." It is, therefore, not
included in this work.

THE GIANT WATER-BUGS.

1047

Fig.

211. Belostoma fluminea Say, dorsal and ventral views, X 2.
(After Drake, Tech. Bull. 16, X. Y. St. Coll. For.).

sides distinctly less convergent behind middle than in lutarium, the disk
finely and thickly punctate. Silken stripe on sides of abdomen wider than
in lutarium, covering wholly the side pieces and impinging upon the
median plates of the ventrals. Length, 21 — 24 mm. ; width, 9.6 — 10.4
mm. (Fig. 211).

Common throughout northern Indiana; less so in the south-
ern counties, May 11 — Oct. 21. Males at hand with eggs at-
tached bear the dates July 18, Aug. 11 and Oct. 21. It is often
taken beneath stones and rubbish near the margin of water.
Recorded by Barber from St. Augustine, Biscayne Bay and
Everglade, Fla., and therefore probably occurs throughout that
State. Its known range extends from Quebec and New Eng-
land west to Manitoba and Colorado and southwest to Florida,
Louisiana and Arizona.

1186 (1394). Belostoma lutarium (Stal), 1855, 190.

General color dull brownish-yellow, usually more or less strongly
tinged with fuscous; pronotum sometimes wholly fuscous; clavus and
corium each often with a vague oblique fuscous stripe; middle and hind
legs annulate with fuscous, front femora with spots of the same hue.
Head longer and tylus more convex than in our other species. Pronotum
as in fluminea, the sides more evidently sinuate. Scutellum broader at
base than there. Elytra more sparsely punctate, distinctly more strongly
tapering behind the middle, their tips more narrowly rounded or subacute.
Silken stripe on sides of abdomen narrow, confined to the middle of the
side pieces of the ventrals. Length, 22 — 26 mm.; width, 11.2 — 12 mm.

1048 FAMILY XXXIX. — NOTONECTID^E.

Vigo and Posey counties, Ind., October. Ormond, Sanford,
Istokpoga, Arch Creek, R. P. Park, Dunedin and Ft. Myers,
Fla., December — April (W.S.B.). Raleigh, N. Car., March-
August (Brimley). Sherborn, Mass., April 11 (Frost). Its
known range is more southern than that of flwninea, extending
from Massachusetts southwest in the coastwise states to Louis-
iana and Texas. Known also from Kansas. The southern In-
diana records above given are the only ones known from the
interior, and the specimens were taken from ponds in the
Wabash River bottoms, the fauna and flora of the Austrori-
parian Life Zone extending along the stream to Vigo County.
This is the largest of our eastern species and is readily dis-
tinguished from fluminea by the characters given in key.

1187 (1401). Belostoma testaceum (Leidy) , 1847, 60.

Broadly oval. Color ranging from a nearly uniform pale brownish-
yellow to dark fuscous-brown ; legs dull yellow, irregularly barred or
spotted with fuscous; under surface in great part fuscous, the sides of
ventrals paler. Head short, obtuse. Other characters as in fluminea.
Length, 14 — 18 mm.

Dunedin, LaBelle, Moore Haven and R. P. Park, Fla., Dec.
12 — April 8. Recorded also from Titusville, that State. Raleigh,
N. Car., August — October (Brimley). Mobile, Ala., January —
March (Gerhard). Ranges from New York west to Michigan
and southwest to Florida and Texas. The Florida specimens at
hand are all much darker than those from North Carolina, their
hue being perhaps due to the coffee-colored surface waters of
the ponds and lakes in the saw palmetto regions of the former
State.

Family XXXIX. NOTONECTID^E Leach, 1815, 124.

The Back-swimmers.

Small or medium sized aquatic Heteroptera, so named be-
cause the upper surface is convex and obtusely keeled, thus
enabling them to easily swim back downward. They have the
vertex narrow, fitted wedge-shaped between the large, elongate
and prominent eyes, front of head subvertical, hind one in-
serted in thorax to eyes and overlapped by the front of prono-
tum ; ocelli absent ; antenna? very short, 3- or 4-jointed, con-
cealed in a cleft beneath the eyes ; beak 3 or 4-jointed, short,
stout, awl-shaped, its apex in repose resting in a groove on
front of mesosternum ; pronotum subtrapezoidal, convex, its

THE BACK-SWIMMERS. 1049

side margins oblique, feebly reflexed, hind margin sinuate, its
median portion usually truncate ; scutellum broadly triangular,
its apical portion acute, prolonged between the claval com-
missure ; elytra strongly tectiform ; clavus and corium wholly
coriaceous, without veins ; membrane nearly similar in texture,
without visible veins ; front and middle legs usually shorter and
stouter than the hind ones, the latter more slender, the inner
side of their tibiae and tarsi, except in Plea, with a dense fringe
of long hairs ; middle femora armed beneath near apex of outer
margin with a slender tooth, this usually followed by two or
three small tubercles or long setae; abdomen usually keeled at
middle, the keel as well as the sides of the ventrals with tufts
of long hairs.

About 20 species of the family are known from North
America. They inhabit ponds, lakes and pools of stagnant wa-
ter in ditches and streams, some of the species being abundant
in the masses of submerged water weeds close to the shores.
Of their habits Uhler (1884, 252) says:

"All are capable of sustained flight and often go long distances in
search of a congenial body of water when the food gives out or the water
shallows in the place where they were born. The incessant activity of
these insects in the water is very remarkable; from early morning until
sundown and even later they are rising with sudden jerks from the
bottom to the surface, and then diving with the hind legs in rapid motion.
A spray of grass or projecting stick at the top of the water serves as
a balancing point by which to sustain themselves at pleasure. Their
appetite, also, seems almost insatiable. Every insect they can overcome
falls a prey to their quick grasp and is held with unbending tightness
until its fluids are completely withdrawn. If not picked up with caution
they take the first opportunity to plunge their beak deeply into the flesh,
producing a keenly smarting pain which lasts for several minutes."

The principal literature treating of our 16 eastern species is
by Uhler, 1878, 1884; Kirkaldy, 1897; Champion, 1901; Bueno,
1902, 1905a, 1907b, 1909a; Hungerford, 1917, 1917a, 1917b,
1917c, 1918, 1920, 1923a, 1924a, and Bare, 1925. They are dis-
tributed among two subfamilies and three genera.

KEY TO EASTERN* GENERA OF NOTONECTl O.K.

a. Hind legs longer than the others, their tibia? and tarsi with a fringe
of long hairs; abdomen keeled and hairy; eyes very large and con-
spicuous; length, 5 or more mm. (Subfamily Notonectinae).
b. Elytra pubescent; last antennal joint much shorter than the one
preceding; scutellum almost as long as claval commissure.

I. Notonecta, p. 1050.

1050 FAMILY XXXIX. — NOTONECTID^E.

bb. Elytra glabrous, subhyaline; last antennal longer than the one

preceding; scutellum little if any more than half the length of

claval commissure. II. Buenoa, p. 1056.

mi. Legs of equal length, the hind tibia? and tarsi without a fringe of

hairs; abdomen not keeled or hairy; eyes small, widely separated;

length less than 3 mm. (Subfamily Pleinse) . III. Plea, p. 1060.

I. Notonecta Linnaeus, 1758, 439.

This genus comprises our most common and best known
species of the family. They possess the characters given under
the family heading and in the key and have the antennae and
beak 4-jointed ; front margin of pronotum truncate ; proster-
num short, front legs inserted close to its hind margin; middle
femora not received in grooves on the mesosternum ; hind
femora not reaching the apex of elytra. Eight of the 13 known
North American species occur in the eastern states. Of their
habits Bueno (1905a, 146) says:

"They are exceedingly active and fiercely predaceous resembling
nothing so much as hawks among the vertebrates. Their principal prey
are such unfortunate insects as fall into the water within the ken of the
watchful water-bug, or such of the feebler aquatic insects as they can
overcome, not disdaining their own young. From their position, hanging
back down at or near the surface, nothing escapes them and at the
slightest vibration imparted to the water by any struggling insect, or
the least motion of one swimming by, they wheel swiftly about and with
one or two powerful strokes of their long swimming legs are on their
prey and have it seized in their strong first and second pairs of legs."

He states that the nymphs have been seen to attack and
swim away with a young fish twice their size and that they
"will eventually be found to be of positive economic impor-
tance not only as an enemy in fish culture, but possibly also in
useful ways by the destruction of undesirable aquatic larvae."
The eggs are attached to the stems or leaves of aquatic plants,
hatch in 20 to 30 days, and the adults hibernate in the mud or
muck at the bottom of the pools which they inhabit.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF XOTOXECTA.

a. Larger species, length 12 or more mm.
b. Greatest width of interocular area (on front of head) three times
that of narrowest point near base of head (fig. 212) ; general
color black or dark brown mottled with paler. 1188. irrorata.

bb. Greatest width of interocular area not over twice that of the nar-
rowest point; general color white or dull yellow, often with black
markings.

THE BACK-SWIMMERS.

1051

._,«_ Distance between
eyes at front

Distance between
eyes at vertex

Fig. 212. Dors;<] \iru of Notonecta irrorata I'lii.. showing structures, X 5.
(After Garman, Hemlptera of Connecticut).

c. Scutellum black; greatest width of interocular area less than one
and a half times that of narrowest point; form less robust.

1189. INSULATA.

cc. Scutellum pale yellow, nearly concolorous with the elytra; greatest

width of interocular area about twice that of narrowest point;

form very robust. 1190. BOREALIS.

aa. Smaller species, rarely over 11.5 mm.

d. Greatest width of interocular area not more than three times that
of the narrowest point.
e. Pronotum less than twice as wide as long; greatest width of vertex
twice that of its narrowest part. 1191. howardi.

ee. Pronotum twice or more as wide as long; greatest width of vertex
more than twice that of its narrowest point.
/. Form subrobust; color dull yellow, usually with distinct black
markings; greatest interocular width about two and one-third
times that of narrowest point; length, 10 — 11.5 mm.

1192. UNDULATA.

//. Form more slender; color dull white, often with faint dark mark-
ings ; gi-eatest interocular width about three times that of nar-
rowest point; length, 8 — 10 mm. 1193. variabilis.
dd. Greatest width of interocular area six or more times that of nar-
rowest point.
g. Scutellum black, elytra reddish-brown; length, 10 — 11.5 mm.

1194. UHLERI.

gg. Scutellum dull yellow, elytra paler; length, 8 — 9 mm.

1195. RALEIGH I.

1052 FAMILY XXXIX. — NOTONECTID^E.

1188 (1349). Notonecta irrorata Uhler, 1878, 443.

Elongate, subcylindrical, convex. Head except eyes, pronotum and
legs, in great part, and pleura of prosternum, dull greenish-yellow; eyes,
scutellum and under surface black or dark brown ; elytra dark brown
mottled with dull brownish-yellow or velvety black mottled with brown;
membrane fuscous-brown. Head and pronotum with scattered rather
coarse shallow punctures, the latter twice as wide as long. Length, 12 —
15.5 mm. (Fig. 212).

Frequent throughout Indiana, especially so in the lakes and
streams of the northern counties, April 11 — Sept. 16. Agri-
cultural College, Mississippi (Weed) . Its distribution is mainly
northern, extending from Quebec and New England west to
Montana and southwest to North Carolina, St. Augustine, Fla.,
and Kansas. It varies much in the color of clavus and corium
and fresh specimens often have an evanescent bluish tinge.
Bueno (1905a, 146) states that both irrorata and uhleri appear
to like to hide among the roots of plants growing at the water's
edge, to which they cling. Hussey records irrorata as partial
to the sluggish plant-free streams and pools in shady situations
in Berrien Co., Mich., and says it was the only Notonecta taken
in the beach drift of Lake Michigan. Near Indianapolis, I
have found it most common among the water weeds along the
edges of spring-fed woodland ponds in company with Microvelia
americcma (Uhl.)

1189 (1357). Notonecta insulata Kirby, 1837, 285.

Elongate, subcuneiform. Head and front portion of pronotum green-
ish-yellow; hind part of pronotum hyaline, blackish; scutellum dark
velvety brown or black, its apical half rarely in part yellow; elytra dull
reddish-yellow, usually with a narrow interrupted submarginal stripe, an
oblique band near hind margin of corium and the tip of the latter black-
ish; membrane usually hyaline, blackish at base, paler toward apex; beak,
legs and sides of prosternum dull yellow; under surface brownish-black,
the connexivum beneath and the ventral carina greenish. Pronotum
twice as wide as long, its side margins sinuate near base. Visible portion
of scutellum about one-fifth wider at base than long. Length, 12.5 —
15.5 mm.

Staten Island, N. Y., April — September {Davis). Guelph,
Ontario, early April; Amherst, Mass., May 19 {Brimley). Win-
nipeg, Manitoba, July — September (Gerhard). A species of
northern distribution in the east, more southerly in the west,
ranging from Quebec and New England west to the Pacific ; not
recorded south of Maryland in the east, but in the west known
from New Mexico, Arizona and Southern California. Bueno

THE BACK-SWIMMERS. 1053

(1905a, 163) records it from Indiana without definite locality.
It varies much in the black markings of the elytra, these in
some specimens being wholly absent. The dark hue of hind
part of pronotum and base of membrane is due to the black of
the underlying portions as seen through the subhyaline texture.
Bueno (loc. cit.) states that it "prefers to float in clear spaces
in clean cold pools about midway between the bottom and the
surface."

1190 ( — ). Notonecta borealis Bueno & Hussey, 1923, 104.

Oblong, robust, strongly tectiform. Color above a nearly uniform
dull yellow; scutellum paler yellow; elytra with a more or less interrupted
fuscous-brown submarginal stripe; under surface brownish-black, the
prosternum paler; legs and beak dull yellow, the tip of latter and the
coxa? blackish. Pronotum about two-thirds wider than long, its side
margins sinuate. Scutellum one-fourth wider at base than long, its
apex less prolonged than in irrorata. Length, 12.4 — 14.2 mm.

Douglas Lake, Mich., July 24 (Gerhard). A boreal species
whose known range extends from Maine west to the Bearfoot
Mountains of British Columbia. Of its habits Hussey (loc. cit.)
says : "It was noted to rank next in abundance to A", undulata
at Douglas Lake, Mich., where it was the only Notonecta whose
adults were found commonly before July 20. Its favorite
haunts were the partially filled peat bogs, where it preferred
the open water and was only very rarely taken among vegeta-
tion."

1191 (1353). Notonecta howardi Bueno, 1905a, 151.

"Notocephalic lateral margins of head curved; vertex twice as wide
in front as at base. Pronotum four-fifths broader than long, humeral
and lateral margins sinuate. Scutellum one-fifth longer than wide, not
concolorous. Hemelytra clouded with black going into smoky and with a
broad black band across membrane and apex of corium; apex of mem-
brane smoky. Corium and clavus moderately clothed with a golden
pubescence. Membrane lobes subequal. Pedes: Intermediate femoral
spur, small, rather blunt, concolorous. Length, 10.2 mm." (Bueno).

Described from Arizona. Recorded by Drake (1922a, 116)
from Fayette, Miss.

1192 (1352). Notonecta undulata Say, 1832, 39; I, 368.

Oblong, subcuneiform. Color above exceedingly variable, ranging
from entirely uniform dull greenish-yellow to nearly wholly black. In
the majority of northern examples at hand the color is very nearly that
of insulata as above described, with the exception that the scutellum has
the side margins and tip pale; in the southern individuals the scutellum
and elytra except clavus are usually velvety black; under surface and

1054 FAMILY XXXIX. — NOTONECTID^E.

legs in great part dull yellow, in the darker forms tinged with fuscous.
Pronotum not quite twice as wide as long, its front portion and the vertex
of head finely, densely rugosely punctate. Scutellum at base slightly
wider than its length at middle. Length, 10 — 12 mm.

Common throughout northern Indiana, less so in the south-
ern counties, June — November. Dunedin and Sarasota, Fla.,
November — April ; recorded also from St. Augustine, Lake-
land and Lake City, that State. This is the most common,
most widely distributed and most variable in color of our back-
swimmers. Its known range covers lower Canada, the entire
United States and extends south through Mexico and Central
America to Chile. Six color varieties have been named, but
all merge into one another. In Indiana it occurs more often in
stagnant pools filled with decaying vegetation than in those
with clearer purer water. Uhler (1876, 339) says that about
Baltimore : ''It inhabits the foulest pools, and in the dirty slush
occasioned by the drainage of slaughter-houses and in the slimy
ponds attached to our brick-yards, it revels as if in full enjoy-
ment of the filth." The more robust form, shorter and less
dense pubescence, usually more distinct black markings and
wider basal interocular area distinguish undulata from variabilis.

1193 (1351). Notonecta variabilis Fieber, 1851, 53.

Oblong, subcuneiform. Color above usually a nearly uniform pale
straw yellow, the elytra more thickly clothed with longer paler pubes-
cence than in undulata; apical third of corium often with a vague oblique
fuscous bar; inner margin of clavus and disk of corium sometimes with
darker stripes; scutellum and membrane usually concolorous, sometimes
with their bases dusky; under surface in great part blackish, the pro-
stei*num, pleurae and connexivum paler; beak and legs dull yellow, the
tip of former and tarsal claws black. Pronotum twice as wide at base
as long at middle, its front portion less densely rugose than in undulata.
Length, 8 — 10 mm.

Common in the streams of the northern third of Indiana,
July 18 — Oct. 21 ; not taken south of Marshall County. Ranges
from Quebec and New England west to Wisconsin and Ne-
braska and southwest to Florida and Kansas. The only Florida
record is indefinite and may have been based on an example
of undulata. This species is very close to undulata and Uhler
regarded it as only a small variety of that form. Bueno regards
it as distinct, and it is readily separable by the characters given
under undulata. It occurs more often in clear running streams
than in ponds, and is seldom if ever found in company with
undulata.

THE BACK-SWIMMERS. 1055

1194 (1350). Notonecta uhleri Kirkaldy, 1897a, 58.

Elongate, subcuneiform. Head, except eyes, pronotum, beak, except
tip, and legs dull greenish-yellow; scutellum, under surface in great part
and tip of beak black; elytra dark reddish-brown (crimson or orange
when fresh) with outer basal angle, a large spot on apical third and
tip of corium blackish; eyes brown; membrane reddish-brown, its apical
half darker; connexivals each with a yellow spot beneath. Interocular
area at vertex very narrow, the large eyes at that point almost con-
tiguous. Pronotum one and four-fifths times wider than long; humeral
angles prolonged somewhat downward, subacute; side margins sinuate;
hind one, except near humeral angles, truncate. Length, 10.7 — 11.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Dec. 27; one specimen from the mouth of a
ditch emptying into a muck-rimmed pond (W. S. B.). Staten
Island, N. Y., and Hyattsville, Md., August (Davis). Raleigh
and Boardman, N. Car., Sept. 21 — Nov. 21 (Brimley). The re-
corded range of this handsome and scarce species extends from
Massachusetts southwestward to Florida and Louisiana, the
only other known Florida specimen being in the Uhler collec-
tion without definite station. Known also from Olive Branch,
southern Illinois, where Gerhard (Ms.) took ten specimens in
September, 1909. Its habits, as far as known, are the same as
those of irrorata. The very narrow basal portion of vertex and
peculiar color easily separate it from our other eastern species.

1195 (1354). Notonecta raleighi Bueno, 1907b, 225.

Oblong, robust, subcuneiform. Above usually a nearly uniform
greenish-yellow, rather thickly pubescent with appressed yellow hairs ;
eyes dark reddish-brown ; basal half of pronotum, scutellum and clavus
often blackish by transmission of hues of the dark under parts through
the subhyaline texture; corium sometimes with an interrupted sub-
marginal stripe and the apical fifth fuscous-brown; sides of prosternum,
beak, except tip, and legs dull yellow; coxas and connexivals beneath
greenish-yellow; remainder of undersurface dark brown. Interocular
area at vertex narrow, only about one-fourth the width of base of eyes.
Pronotum two-thirds broader than long, side margins feebly concave,
hind one broadly, very feebly curved. Scutellum one-fourth wider than
long, its sides sinuate. Length, 8 — 9 mm.

Wolf Lake, Ind., Oct. 24; New Lenox, 111., July 5 (Gerhard).
Hyattsville, Md., Aug. 23 (Davis). Raleigh and Kipling, N.
Car., November — December (Brimley). Ranges from New Jer-
sey west to northern Illinois and southwest to North Carolina.
Allied to variabilis, from which it is readily separated by the
more robust form and much narrower interocular area at base
of eyes.

1056 FAMILY XXXIX. — NOTONECTID^.

II. Buenoa Kirkaldy, 1904a, 120.

This genus, formerly included under . Inisops Spin., comprises
small, slender bodied back-swimmers, which differ from Noto-
necta mainly by the characters given in the generic key. In
addition they have the antennae and beak only 3-jointed; front
margin of pronotum strongly sinuate, its middle projected for-
ward between base of eyes ; middle femora received in long deep
grooves on the mesosternum ; tarsi 2-jointed in both sexes;
ventral carina of females projected in a point slightly beyond
the tip of abdomen. The hind tarsi are, as in Notonecta, without
claws, though stated otherwise by Fieber and Bueno. The
texture of the upper surface is subhyaline, allowing the trans-
mission of the hues of the underlying parts, and just behind
the tip of scutellum there is an oval space known as the "claval
orifice." The inner side of front femora of males bears a small,
well defined stridular area which varies much in shape and in
the number of its cross ridges (fig. 213, g and //). Hunger-
ford (1924a) has given an interesting account of the courting
of the male as follows :

"He singles out a female, maneuvers for a position some little dis-
tance beneath and behind her and begins a ticking sound as he slowly
cruises nearer the object of his desire, his body aquiver with emotion.
When within a half inch or so of the female, the ticking changes to a
hum and is followed by a sudden dash to embrace her. If she eludes
him, he begins all over again or transfers his affection to another. Some-
times when a female, aware of the attentions bestowed upon her, moves
away from the chirping male, the latter will turn to follow another
female that may pass nearby, and resume his mating call. In a few
cases one male has been observed to follow and chirp to another male.
The sound produced by these insects is a ringing chick-chick-chick like
the ticking of a watch that can be heard fifteen or twenty feet away.
This may continue for a minute or two, and then if the male has suc-
ceeded in drawing near the female, the note changes to a rapid twir-r-r
made by a very rapid continuous series of chicks. The sound is made
by the shuffling back and forth of the front femora and tibia* along
the beak, both legs in unison. The roughened structures near the inner
base of the tibiae and on the inner faces of the femora rub against a
scraper-like device on the base of the beak (fig. 213, 6). A comparison
of the fore limbs and beaks of the two sexes will show the modifications
in the male for stridulation. They sing their courting songs at all hours
of the day or night — on cloudy days or clear days, in sunshine or
shadow."

The genus, as defined, is restricted to America and about 15
species have been described, several of which appear to be
synonyms. Six are known from the eastern states.

THE BACK-SWIMMERS.

1057

Fig. 213. Structures of Buenoa.
a, Male of B. limnocastoris Hung., X 6 ; b, beak of same, showing stridular ridges
on sides: c, inner view of front leg of same; 0, same of B. macrotihialis Hung., show-
ing the large femur and tibia ; e, egg of Buenoa in situ in stem of Juncus, a portion
of the stem removed ; /, inner view of front leg of B. margaritacea Bueno, showing the
tibial prominence and stridular areas : g, portion of front femur and tibia of same
greatly enlarged, showing stridular areas; h, same of B. scimitra Bare.
(a — / After Hungerford ; g — h after Bare).

KEY TO EASTERN" SPECIES OF BUEXOA.

a. Scutellum as long as or longer than pronotum, one-half or more the
length of claval commissure; claval orifice less than one-third the
length of scutellum.
b. Pronotum of males with four distinct depressions, thus appearing
tricarinate.
c. Stridular area on front femora of males small, oval, with not more
than 15 cross ridges (fig. 213, g) ; body smaller and more slen-
der; length not over 8 mm. 1196. margaritacea.
cc. Stridular area on front femora of males pear-shaped with about
25 cross ridges; body much larger and more robust; length,
8 — 9 mm. 1197. carinata.
66. Pronotum in both sexes with very feeble or no depressions; stridu-
lar area on front femora of male sword-shaped (fig. 213, h) , with
30 or more cross ridges; color straw-yellow without distinct
blackish stripes or markings. 1198. scimitra.
aa. Scutellum shorter than pronotum, not over one-third as long as
claval commissure; claval orifice one-third or more the length of
scutellum.
e. Smaller, less than 6 mm. ; interocular area very narrow, the eyes of
male subcontiguous at base ; sides of body with a black stripe
and apical third of elytra usually with black markings.

1199. ELEGANS.

ee. Larger, 6.2 — 7.5 mm. ; interocular area wider in both sexes, one-
third to one-half as wide at base of eyes as in front.
/. Pronotum of male not carinate, viewed from the side distinctly
arched and inflated; front femora and tibiae as in fig. 213, c.

1200. LIMNOCASTORIS.

ff. Pronotum in both sexes carinate; front femora and tibia? much
enlarged (fig. 213, d) . 1201. macrotibialis.

1196 (1362). Buenoa margaritacea Torre-Bueno, 1908a, 238.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Color above pearly-white to pale straw-
yellow, the scutellum in life usually orange-yellow; in dried specimens
the bases of pronotum and scutellum, and the elytra, in part, often with

1058 FAMILY XXXIX. — NOTONECTID^E.

a bluish-black tinge, due to the transmitted darker hues of the under
parts; eyes pale brown; under surface with sterna dull yellow, ventrals
fuscous-black, the connexivals and last ventral in part paler; beak and
legs dull yellow, the tip of former darker. Vertex with sides straight
and subparallel, feebly widened opposite middle of eyes, the narrowest
point at base one-half or more the greatest width. Pronotum of male
as long as scutellum, its disk with an oblong depression each side of a
narrow median carina, and a broader triangular one on each flank, the
disk thus appearing tricarinate; in female slightly shorter than scutel-
lum and with only a vague median carina; front legs as in fig. 213, /
and y. Scutellum about three-fifths the length of claval commissure.
Length, 6.7 — 8 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Oct. 14 (W. S. B.). Staten Island, N. Y.,
Oct. 25 (Davis). St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 10 (Hussey). Ranges
from Vermont and Massachusetts west to South Dakota and
Kansas and southwest to Titusville, Fla. On Staten Island
it was taken by Bueno and Davis in large numbers from a rock
hole in a trap-rock quarry, and Hussey found it abundant in a
large concrete tank at New Buffalo, Mich.

1197 (1361). Buenoa carinata Champion, 1901, 372.

Elongate, robust, smooth, shining. Color sordid white; scutellum
blackish in front, testaceous behind, sometimes wholly pale; elytra with
dark markings on metanotum and abdomen showing through ; antennae
and legs testaceous, femora and tibiae often with a blackish streak; ven-
trals black, the genitals and some spots on sides paler. Head, including
eyes, nearly as wide as pronotum in male, slightly narrower, female;
vertex not twice as wide in front as at base. Pronotum of male as long
as scutellum, its disk with two broad, elongate depressions towards
middle and a larger triangular one each side, the latter with an oblique
oval elevation between them, the narrow intervals separating the de-
pressions carina-like. Length, 8 — 9 mm.

Temax, Yucatan (British Mus. Coll.). A neotropical species
recorded from Lakeland, Fla., by Barber, and from New Mexico
and California by Uhler. It is very doubtful whether the true
carinata occurs east of the Mississippi, the "Southern United
States" record of Champion being based upon a doubtful
determination of the Anisops platycnemis of Uhler (1884, 253),
now known as H. margaritacea Bueno. The specimens received
from W. E. China bear out his statement that "carinata is a
much larger and more robust species than margaritacea, being
almost nearly one-half as big again."

1198 (— ). Buenoa scimitra Bare, 1925, 226.

Smaller and more slender than margaritacea. General color as in
key; eyes brown; scutellum orange-yellow-; legs and sterna mostly pale,

THE BACK-SWIMMERS. 1059

middle of ventrals, sides of dorsals, inner and outer faces of front femora
and coxa? and tarsal claws, blackish-brown. Head of male across eyes
slightly wider than pronotum ; vertex widest at middle, where it is two-
thirds wider than at base or between front of eyes, in female less nar-
rowed between front of eyes. Pronotum in dried specimens of male with
vague depressions and a ridge each side; in females and fresh specimens
of male, scarcely impressed. Claval orifice very small, about one-fifth
the length of scutellum; commissure hirsute, one-third longer than scutel-
lum. Males with stridular area of front femur as in key, and fig. 213, h,
very distinctive. Length, 6.5 — 7.5 mm.

Raleigh, N. Car., Sept. 15 — Oct. 16 ; determined by China.
Described from Kansas and heretofore recorded only from
there.

1199 (1364). Bueno elegans (Fieber), 1851, 61.

Elongate, slender, subcuneiform. Above pale straw- or whitish-yel-
low; eyes pale brown with scattered darker spots; lower margin of
pronotum with a shining black stripe which extends back to middle of
costal margin of corium ; elytra usually with apical fourth of corium
shining black, and a vague piceous stripe along outer margin of clavus ;
sterna and legs dull yellow, the latter often with a fuscous tinge ; ventrals
dark brown, the sixth in part paler. Greatest width of vertex more than
twice that at narrowest point. Pronotum of male one-fourth longer than
scutellum, its disk with a shallow central impression divided by a vague
median carina; commissure nearly four times as long as scutellum;
female with pronotum scarcely longer than scutellum, its disk with a
feeble median carina. Length, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Clark Junction, Lake Co., Ind., Aug. 7 ; Douglas Co., Kans.,
November (Gerhard). White Plains, N. Y., Aug. 29 ; Palisades,
N. J., Sept. 5 (Davis). Staten Island, N. Y. ; Ft. Lee, N. J.,
and Raleigh, N. Car. (Brimley) . Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 24 — March
10; numerous specimens taken from amongst the grasses and
water weeds along the shallow margins of ponds. The first
record for the State (Jl\ S. B.) . The known range extends
from Maine west to Michigan and Kansas and south to Florida.
Most of the specimens received were labelled B. platycnemis
Fieb., but they differed only in being of a darker hue, the dis-
tinctions given by Bueno (1909, 77) being comparative only,
not fixed. The name platycnemis has served as a "catch-all" for
undetermined species of the genus since Uhler (1884) used it
for the only species he at that time knew.

1200 ( — ). Buenoa limnocastoris Hungerford, 1923a, 150.

Differs from elegans mainly by the characters given in key. Dark
markings more prominent, there being usually, in addition to those of

1060 FAMILY XXXIX. — NOTONECTID.-E.

elegans, a rather large black or dusky spot on the flanks of pronotum;
sides of pro- and mesosterna and ventrals all dark brown, shining; beak,
femora and hind tibiae each with a piceous stripe. Scutellum shorter
than in elegants, one-half the length of pronotum, male, two-thirds, female.
Claval orifice two-thirds the length of scutellum in both sexes. Length,
6.2—7 mm. (Fig. 213, a).

Douglas Lake, Mich., Aug. 15 {Gerhard). Described from
Cook Co., Minn., where numerous specimens were taken by
Hungerford from the "amber-colored waters of a large beaver-
pond. Like the smaller B. elegans it swims in the shallow pro-
tected waters along the shore."

1201 ( — ). Buenoa macrotibialis Hungerford, 1924a, 225.

Sordid white, sometimes with small dark spots on sides of thorax and
abdomen. Eyes, as seen from the side, more convex in front and flatter
above than in our other species. Pronotum of both sexes with a distinct
median longitudinal carina, its apex projected conspicuously and acutely
between the eyes. Scutellum one-half as long as pronotum, male; slightly
shorter than pronotum, female. Male with front femora much thick-
ened, tibia? very broad and flat (fig. 213, d) . Length, 6.2 — 7.5 mm.

Described from Douglas Lake, Mich., and Pelican Rapids,
Minn., and recorded only from those two stations.

III. Plea Leach, 1817, 11.

Very short, compact, strongly convex Notonectids having the
head subvertical, very wide between the eyes ; beak 3-jointed,
awl-shaped, reaching middle coxae; pronotum arched, one-half
wider than long, front margin truncate, hind one broadly
rounded ; scutellum triangular, its sides subequal, apex acute ;
elytra conjointly oval, strongly convex, narrowed behind, meet-
ing in a straight line along the dorsum, closely fitted over the
abdomen, membrane absent. Other characters as in generic
key. Two species occur in North America, both in our ter-
ritory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PLEA.

(/. Elytral sutures between clavus and corium usually faint or absent;

color dull yellow without distinct fuscous marks; head with a

reddish-brown streak between the eyes. 1202. striola.

<ik. Elytral sutures distinct; fuscous markings prominent; head with a

large triangular dark spot between the eyes. 1203. harnedi.

1202 (1365). Plea striola Fieber, 1844, 18.

Short, oval; body deeper than wide. Above grayish- or greenish-
yellow, shining, glabrous; eyes brown; beak and under surface dark
brown, pubescent. Head, pronotum and elytra coarsely, evenly, not

THE BACK-SWIMMERS. 1061

densely punctate. Scutellum more sparsely and irregularly punctate.
Elytra with sides strongly declivent. Other characters as under generic
heading. Length, 1.8—2.2 mm. (Fig. 214).

Marion Co., Ind., Sept. 23 ; taken from among water weeds
along the edges of a pond largely filled with calcareous sedi-
ment ; probably occurs throughout
the State. Dunedin and Ft. Myers,
Fla., Nov. 24 — April 6. Common
in ponds about Dunedin and nu-
merous specimens taken at Ft.
Myers from the muck of an ex-
tinct wet weather pond. No previ-
ous definite Florida station has
been recorded. Ranges from New Fig. 214. Female with ovipositor

exserted, X 18. (After Hungerford) .

England west to Illinois and Kan-
sas, and southwest to Florida, Texas, Southern California, Cen-
tral America and the West Indies. Bueno (1905b, 47) says of
it : "This small bug is abundant from early spring until late
fall, hiding among the fine-leaved aquatic plants and algae,
where it swims about in quest of food, crawling on the stems
and the matted fibers." It feeds mainly on Entomostraca and
the eggs are inserted in the soft tissues of water plants. A
robust specimen at hand from Ft. Myers, Fla., has the claval
suture distinct, punctures much more dense, each enclosing
a short seta ; base of pronotum more broadly rounded, with
hind margin less concave. Aside from color it appears to be
an intermediate form between striola and harnedi.

1203 (— ). Plea harnedi Drake, 1922a, 114.

Yellowish-gray with prominent fuscous markings. Head as in key;
pronotum largely fuscous, an oblong spot behind middle of front margin,
sides and hind margin, grayish-yellow; scutellum fuscous, tip paler;
clavus and an irregular stripe along middle of corium fuscous; legs yel-
lowish-brown, coxae and trochanters blackish, tips of femora and third
tarsal fuscous; beak and under surface blackish. Elytra short, strongly
declivent behind. Dorsal surface somewhat flattened at the scutellum.
Other characters as in key. Length, 2.3 mm.

Described from Fayette, Miss. ; not recorded elsewhere. It
is very probable that this will prove to be only a color form of
P. striola. The distinctness of the claval suture is, as shown
above, a variable and unreliable character.

1062 FAMILY XL. — CORIXID^E.

Family XL. CORIXID^1 " Leach, 1815, 124.
The Water-boatmen.

Oblong or oblong-oval aquatic Heteroptera of medium or
small size, having the body subdepressed above, more so be-
neath ; head short, wide, its front vertical, usually bluntly
rounded ; eyes very large, oval, feebly convex, coarsely granu-
lated, overlapping the front margin of pronotum ; ocelli want-
ing; beak short, scarcely differentiated from the face, the
mouth opening being on its front end ; antennae 4-jointed, in
repose concealed beneath the head, joint 3 longest, 4 setaceous ;
pronotum transverse, subpentagonal, its hind margin obtusely
triangular, in our species covering the scutellum ; elytra cori-
aceous, entire, covering the abdomen, often thinly pubescent,
the usual divisions usually distinct ; clavus large, its commis-
sure very long; membrane of same texture as corium, without
veins ; front legs short, their tarsi stout, 1-jointed, flattened
and usually fimbriate beneath ; middle legs longest, very slen-
der, their tarsi ending in two long, very slender claws ; hind
tibiae and tarsi compressed, fringed with long hairs, the tarsi 2-
jointed, claws wanting.

The males differ widely from the females in having the last
three ventral segments distorted or asymmetrical (fig. 215, /) ,
twisted (as viewed from beneath) either to the right (dextral)
or left (sinistral). They also have apparently two sets of
stridulating organs, one on one side of the dorsum called the
"strigil" (pi. XII, fig. 1) and composed "of rows of very closely
packed intensely black comb-like plates." The other is on the
front tarsi (or "palae") which are provided with one or two
rows of chitinous "pegs" or teeth. By rubbing these back
and forth over a roughened area on the femur of the other
fore leg, a twittering sound or mating call is produced. The
females lack these pegs and their ventral segments are per-
fectly regular (fig. 215, g) . The front legs are used mainly for
prehending food (fig. 215, /;), the long slender middle ones for

""My treatment of this family is not such as I would wish. As stated on
page 6 of this work, I was unable to borrow examples of a number of the species not
in my collection, as the great majority of those from the various private cabinets of
this country (some of my own included) are, and have been for several years, in
the hands of the professed leading authority on the group. He not only ignored my
several requests for a loan of such species as I do not possess, but wrote that : "I
realize that the treatment of the Corixida? in your forthcoming work will be a
practically valueless contribution." In order to make it the more worthy in his eyes
I asked him to prepare the chapter on our eastern species, stating that I would
publish it under his name. This offer he also ignored. My work on the family is,
therefore, included as the best that I could do with the facilities at my command.

THE WATER-BOATMEN.

1063

anchoring themselves to some submerged object while feeding
and the fringed hind ones for swimming or for cleaning the
body of accumulated ooze. Both adults and nymphs gather
their food supply from ooze at the bottom of the pool which
they inhabit. It consists mainly of remnants of aquatic plants,
such as Spwogyra, Zygnema, etc., together with such minute
forms of animal life as they may at the same time gather in.
More than 150 species of the family are known, distributed in
all countries of the world. In Mexico and Egypt certain species
are used as food by the natives and others are collected and sold
in quantities for the food of cage birds. Of their habits Uhler
(1884, 251) says:

Fig. 215. Structures of Corixid.;e.
a. Adult of Arcticorixa alternata (Say), X 6 ; b, pala of male of A. obliqua Hung. ;
c, pala of male of Rainplioron.rn acuminata (Uhl.) ; d and c, heads of male and fe-
male of same species from above; /, ventral view of male abdomen of A. alternata,
showing the peculiar asymmetry of the terminal segments ; g, same of female, show-
ing regularity of segments ; h, side view of head and front legs of a Corixid, illus-
trating the process of food gathering, one fore leg with stylets exserted passing food
material across the face and over the mouth opening, the other stretched out in the
act of gathering material ; i, adult male of Palmacori.ro buenoi Abb. ; j, pala of male
of P. fiillettl Abb. ; k, pala of male of A. gordita Abb. ; /, pala of male of Corixa
macroceps Kirk. (After Hungerford and Abbott).

"These insects are truly aquatic, but they occasionally leave the wa-
ter and during their nocturnal nights are drawn to the lights in our
houses, into which they dash with headlong precipitation. They live on
the bottom in puddles, ponds and running waters and where there is no
current may be seen balanced with the neatest delicacy by the tips of
their intermediate feet, stationed in the midst of their young at intervals
of a few inches; then, by reason of some disturbance, dashing away with
rapid strokes of the posterior paddles. When they arise to the surface
to take in a fresh supply of air they rest horizontally for an instant with
the long middle legs extended forward and the sides and ventral margin
become glazed with an air-film which shines like translucent silver."

Abbott (1923, 386) says: "They swim through the water,
back uppermost, in irregular rapid jerks and as a rule spend
the greater part of the time near the bottom clinging to sticks

1064

FAMILY XL. — CORIXID^E.

Corium- - -

Membrane

Strigil

Plate XII. Structures of Corixid.*;.

Fig. 1. A ictocori.ru iutrrru pta (Say) with right elytron removed and lineations
of t he left one omitted, to show structural parts of a Corixid. Figs. 2 — 4. right elytron
of Arrtocori.ru showing coloration; 2, of A. kauiicottii (Uhl.) ; 3, A. lucida Abb.; 4,
A. ornuta Abb. Figs. 5 — 19, Front tarsus of male Corixids, showing pala and palar
pegs ; 5, of Arctocori.ro interrupta (Say) : 6, A. nitida (Fieb.) ; 7, A. kcnnicottii (Uhl.) ;
8, A. hurrisii (Uhl.) ; 9, .4. lucida Abb.; 10, .4. ornata Abb.; 11, .4. alternata (Say) ;
12, A. parshleyi Abb.; L3, .4. seriata Abb.; 14, .4. trilineata (Prov.) ; 1">, .4. compressa
Abb.; 16, Callicorixa prwusta (Fieb.); 17, Arctocorixa scabra Abb.; 18, Corixa ver-
ticaiis (Fieb.) ; 19, Palmacorixa buenoi Abb.

(After Abbott in Hemiptera of Connecticut).

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1065

or water-weeds. The cross-barred markings of the tegmina,
characteristic of nearly every representative of the family,
are doubtless of great value in aiding the insect to escape ob-
servation, on account of the consequent resemblance to the
debris to which they cling."

About 50 species, representing seven genera, have been de-
scribed from the eastern states. On account of their close
resemblance their classification is very difficult, there being no
satisfactory keys to species extant. The principal available
literature treating of them is by Uhler, 1884 ; Champion, 1901 ;
Kirkaldy, 1908 ; Hungerford, 1917d, 1920, 1925a; Abbott, 1912,
1912a, 1913, 1913a, 1915, 1916, 1923, and Bare, 1925.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF CORIXID.E.

a. Front tibiae not produced over the base of palae in the form of a
spur; asymmetry of male ventrals (except in Callicorixa and
Arctocorixa edulis) on the right side.
b. Inner wings present and functional.
c. Strigil absent.

d. Stridular area on front femur present; hind tarsi usually marked

conspicuously with black; palae of male with pegs in two rows

(ng. I6,ll4a). I. Callicorixa, p. 1066.

dd. Stridular area absent; hind tarsi not marked with black; palae

without pegs ; pronotum dark olive-green without transverse

stripes. II. Cymatia, p. 1066.

c c. Strigil present, on the right side ; tegmina without short black

hairs ; pegs of palae in a single, often irregular row.

e. Upper surface of male palae deeply incised near middle so as to

be almost cut into two parts (fig. 215, c) ; strigil very minute;
head of male distinctly acuminate (fig. 215, d) .

III. Ramphocorixa, p. 1067.
ee. Upper surface of palae without deep incisures; strigil larger, dis-
tinct; head of male rounded.
/. Pronotum transversely lineate, usually rastrate; tegmina more
or less rastrate. IV. Arctocorixa, p. 1068.

/'/. Pronotum without lineations, not rastrate; elytra smooth,
polished; color, in the only known species, brownish-yellow or
pale reddish-brown, base of clavus and a large spot near apex
of corium blackish. V. Hesperocorixa, p. 1081.

bb. Inner wings absent or rudimentary; head with hind angles pro-
longed, prominent; palae with pegs in one interrupted row, or in
two rows (pi. XII, fig. 19; fig. 215, ;'). VI. Palmacorixa, p. 1082.
ua. Front tibiae of males produced over the base of palae in the form of
a blunt spur (fig. 18) ; asymmetry and strigil on the left; surface
of pronotum and elytra usually smooth and shining.

VII. Corixa, p. 1083.

104a The figures cited in key and text of this family (with the exception of tig.
21.") refer to those on plate XII, p. 1064.

1066 FAMILY XL. — CORIXID^E.

I. Callicorixa White, 1873, 62.

The principal characters distinguishing this genus are given
in the key. Two species have been recorded from the eastern
states.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CALLICORIXA.

a. Elytra glabrous, distinctly rastrate over the entire surface; pale
lineations of elytra nearly straight and transverse throughout.

1204. PR^EUSTA.

au. Elytra thickly pubescent, minutely punctate, the clavus alone very

finely obsoletely rastrate; pale lineations of elytra irregularly

vermiculate, becoming transverse and straight only on base of

clavus. 1205. kollarii.

1204 (1416). Callicorixa pr^usta (Fieber), 1848, 521; 1851a, 28.
Pale fuscous with yellowish lines; head yellowish, tylus rufo-f uscous ;

pronotum with seven or eight narrow blackish cross-bars ; pale lines of
elytra, including membrane, transverse, undulated, subparallel, often
abbreviated; dorsum, meso- and metasterna, xyphus and prosternal lobes,
black; embolium pale, darker at base; legs pale, base of front femora and
upper face of tibiae with oblong blackish spots. Frontal impression of
male oblong, reaching middle of eyes. Palae and pegs as in fig. 16.
Length, 6.7 mm.

Hendon and Nazeing, England, April 2 — July 6 (British Mas.
Coll.). A palsearctic species, recorded in this country from
Canada, New England, Michigan and Alaska. The northern
lecords of C. kollarii probably belong here.

1205 (1417). Callicorixa kollarii (Fieber), 1851a, 17.

Oblong, robust. Pale fuscous, shining; head yellow; pronotum obso-
letely rastrate, not carinate, with six or seven transverse fuscous lines,
these narrower than the alternate pale spaces; elytra blackish-fuscous,
closely marked with short, irregular, undulate transverse pale lines;
embolium sordid-white; legs wholly pale. Male with frontal impression
oval, deep, very large; front tibiae acutely, triangularly dilated; pala sub-
semicircular, acute. Length, 6.5—6.7 mm.

Antigua, West Indies (British Mus. Coll.). Described from
Brazil and Cuba and recorded by Uhler (1894a, 224) under the
name Corisa cubce (nee. Guerin) from Florida. The northern
records given by Kirkaldy, Bueno and others probably belong
to prceusta.

II. Cymatia Flor, 1860, 783.

Head with eyes broader than pronotum; vertex horizontal,
projecting between the eyes, with a more or less distinct
carina; front feebly concave, male, fiat, female; pronotum
broader than long, the front half with a median carina ; pala

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1067

subcylindrical, slightly curved inwardly, about five times as
long as thick, nearly three times as long as tibiae, ending in a
single claw, about one-third as long as pala itself and with two
rows of long bristles. Other characters as in key. Five species
are known, one from North America.

1206 ( — ). Cymatia Americana Hussey, 1920, 82.

Head green, vertex with two large brown spots on hind margin;
pronotum as in key; elytra olive-green, clavus with oblique black lines,
these heaviest near base, there often broken or with outer end forked,
corium sparsely and irregularly punctate with black and with numerous
irregular blackish spots, these tending to form two or three irregular
longitudinal rows; costal area whitish, its outer edge blackish posteriorly;
membrane narrow, lightly spotted with fuscous; legs dull yellow; ventrals
blackish, male, greenish, female. Front of head feebly concave, male,
fiat, female, clothed with long erect whitish pubescence; vertex about one-
fourth narrower at base than in front. Pronotum about twice as wide
as long, carinate in front. Length, 7.4 — 8.3 mm.

Recorded only from Michigan, Minnesota and North Dakota.
Hussey reports it as hibernating in groups of 10 to 50 in-
dividuals in air pockets in the ice covering a small pond near
St. Paul, Minn.

III. Ramphocorixa Abbott, 1912, 120.

Species of medium size having the head of male sharply
acuminate, strongly carinate, about one-third longer than
pronotum, its frontal fovea acorn-shaped ; pronotum lenticular,
rastrate ; palae as in generic key, shining ivory-white, much
longer than tibiae, terminated by a long serrated spine ; front
femur with a large stridular area of minute spines. Male with
asymmetry of apical ventrals dextral, dorsal segments 5 — 7
divided, the strigil minute. Female with a small circular fovea
between the lower inner angles of the eyes ; palae oblong, cul-
tivate. One species is known.

1207 (1421). Ramphocorixa acuminata (Uhler), 1897a, 392.
Narrow, shining, minutely rastrate, bluntly rounded behind. Head

yellowish; pronotum grayish-brown with three complete and two shorter
brown lines ; elytra pale silvery-gray, the usual transverse dark marking
very faint; membrane subhyaline, margined with brown, male; dorsum
black edged with paler; under surface white, ventrals 3 — 5 with two
oblong black bands each side, genital segments pale; female with dorsum,
legs and ventrals pure white. Structural characters as under genus
heading. Length, 4.3 — 5.5 mm.

Eastland Co., Tex., May 24 (British Mus. Co!!.). Recorded
from northern Illinois, Missouri, Kansas and Texas. It is

1068 FAMILY XL. — CORIXID.^E.

paid to occur only in the muddiest of ponds, to winter as
adult and to fasten its eggs during June and July to the bodies
of crayfish, as many as 3,000 having been noted attached to
one of these crustaceans. The R. balanodis Abb. (1912, 118) is
a synonym.

IV. Arctocorixa Wallengren, 1894, 133, 150.

To this genus, as characterized in the key, belong the large
majority of our eastern species. They range in length from 3
to 11 mm. and have both pronotum and elytra usually marked
with numerous transverse alternate pale and dark lines or
cross-bars, their surface in part or wholly rastrate or rough-
ened like a file. Front of head of males usually with a large
concavity or impression ; in females flat or convex. As the
species are so numerous they are, for convenience, treated in
two groups, the division being based on size alone.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN ARCTOCORIXA.

a. Larger, length (except in nitida var. iitiiw)') 8 or more mm.

Group I, p. 1068.
aa. Smaller, length less than 8 mm. GROUP II, p. 1073.

Group I. — Arctocorixa."

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP I. ARCTOCORIXA.

a. Pronotum without a percurrent median carina and with not more
than 11 transverse pale lines.
I>. Lineations, or pale markings of elytra, distinct and covering the
corium.
c. Palae of male narrow, oblong or strap-shaped, the pegs in a nearly
straight row (figs. 5 and 6).

d. Length, 10 — 11 mm.; suture between corium and membrane con-

colorous, the lineations continuous across both divisions; palae
of male strap-shaped; pegs 26 — 30. 1208. interrupta.

dd. Length, 8 — 9 mm. ; suture between corium and membrane usually
marked by a yellowish line; palae of male oblong, shorter in
proportion to their width; pegs 21 — 24. (fig. 6).

1209. NITIDA.

cc. Palae of male broader, not oblong or strap-shaped.

e. Pale bands of corium behind apex of commissure short, irregular

in shape, giving a mottled rather than a cross-striped effect.
/. Pronotum more finely rastrate, crossed by ten or more dark
bands.
g. Palae of male with apex decurved, the row of pegs bent down-
ward (fig. 8) ; several of the pale pronotal cross lines con-
fluent at the ends. 1210. harrisi.

"■Til.' .1. planifrons (Kirbyl is not Included in the key. A description of A.
laevigata (Uhl.), the No. 1253 of this work, was not available in time for its propel
placemen! In either key or text, it should follow .1. convexa (Pieb.) on p. 1072.

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1069

gg. Palse of male with apex obliquely produced, not decurved, the

rows of pegs in a straight line (fig. 215, h) ; pale cross lines

of pronotum not confluent. 1211. obliqua.

/'/. Pronotum strongly rastrate, crossed by about eight dark bands.

1212. LOBATA.
ee. Pale bands of corium behind apex of commissure forming trans-
verse parallel series; width of vertex at base but about one-
fifth less than width of eye. 1213. vulgaris.
bb. Pale lineations of elytra tending to coalesce into a solid color or
longitudinal rows (pi. XII, fig. 4) ; length, 8 — 9 mm.
h. Membrane with regular lineations or vermicular markings like
those of corium (fig. 4).
i. Pronotum with four or five indefinite dark bands ; pegs 36 in a
single curved interrupted row (fig. 10) ; surface strongly rast-
rate. 1214. ORNATA.
it. Pronotum with eight dark bands; pegs 37, in an entire row, the
apical 12 — 14 about three times as long as the basal ones; sur-
face less rastrate. 1215. decorata.
hh. Membrane with obscure or no lineations (pi. XII, figs. 2 and 3) ;
pegs not over 30.
j. Hind angle of corium without a V-shaped yellow band.
k. Sides of body parallel; lineations coalescent, the corium black,
its margin yellow (fig. 2) ; pegs 29 — 30 (fig. 7).

1216. KENNICOTTII.

kk. Body broadest behind middle; corium blackish at inner apical
angle, its outer margins and embolium pale (fig. 3) ; pronotum
strongly rastrate and with 7 or 8 very narrow black lines ;
pegs 22 (fig. 9). 1217. lucida.

jj. Hind angle of corium conspicuously bordered by a V-shaped yel-
low band; palse oblong-cultrate; pegs 27, crowded toward apex.

1218. DUBIA.

aa. Pronotum with 12 or 13 narrow transverse yellowish lines and with

a percurrent median carina. 1219. convexa.

1208 (1437). Arctocorixa interrupta (Say), 1825, 328; II, 250.

Oblong, subparallel, robust for the genus. Above fuscous-brown,
darker in males ; pi'onotum with hind margin obtuse-angled ; disk with
about ten narrow black transverse lines, the three or four median ones
usually interrupted or branched; elytra with very numerous zigzag
similar lines, those on apical half less irregular than in obliqua and
lobata ; legs and front of head pale dull greenish-yellow; costal margin
blackish at base and again at apical third ; prosternum blackish ; meso-
and metapleura, and often in part the abdomen, fuscous or tinged with
dusky. Pronotum and elytra finely and vaguely rastrate. Male with
frontal impression large-oval, the narrow end below; pala as in key and
pi. XII, fig. 5; widely grooved on outer side, fringed on lower edge with
numerous long bristle-like hairs. Length, 10 — 11 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, April — November, especially
so in spring-fed ponds and pools of streams. Ranges from New

1070 FAMILY XL. — CORIXIDjE.

England west to the Pacific and south to Georgia, its general
distribution being northern.

1209 (1444). Arctocorixa nitida (Fieber), 1851a, 28.

Form of interrupta, its sides more parallel. Color much the same;
pronotum with 8 or 9 transverse black lines, the median ones not inter-
rupted or confused as in interrupta, but one of them usually very short;
under surface usually yellow with a black spot behind the front coxae;
sides of abdomen often in part fuscous. Pronotum narrower than in
interrupta. its hind margin broadly rounded. Length, 8 — 9.5 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., April 1 — Oct. 9. Raleigh and Laurel Hill,
N. Car., June — November (Brimley) . Staten Island, N. Y.
(Doris). In Indiana it occurs more often in stagnant wood-
land ponds than in those fed by spring branches. Recorded
heretofore only from Maryland, North Carolina and Georgia.

1209a (1444a). Arctocorixa nitida minor Abbott, 1913, 82.

Differs from typical nitida in its smaller size and in having a clear
yellowish spot near apex of corium with a small black one behind it.
Length, 7.3 — 8 mm.

Raleigh and Laurel Hill, N. Car., June — November (Brimley).
Recorded only from Massachusetts, Georgia and North Caro-
lina. It may prove to be a distinct species.

1210 (1434). Arctocorixa harrisii (Uhler), 1878, 444.

Head pale yellowish, slightly broader than pronotum, frontal im-
pression oblong-oval, thinly beset with long yellowish hairs; pronotum
fuscous-brown with 10 or 11 narrow yellow slightly curved cross-lines
which do not touch the side margins, two or three on the disk and the
hindmost one uniting at one end with the one preceding or succeeding;
elytra with yellow cross-lines, especially those toward apex, each inter-
rupted to form three or four oblong curved or zigzag pale marks; legs
yellow. Pala of male as in pi. XII, fig. 8. Length, 9 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., April 16. Described from Massachusetts.
Ranges from New England west to Indiana. Treated by Ab-
bott (1923) as a form of interrupta, but by Hungerford (1925a)
considered distinct.

1211 ( — ). Arctocorixa obliqua Hungerford, 1925a, 142.

Dark fuscous-brown; head and legs pale yellow; eyes black; prono-
tum crossed by nine or ten pale lines, these more narrow than the alter-
nate dark ones; elytra with pale cross-marks on basal half transverse
and wavy or zigzag, those near inner basal angle of clavus broader than
the others, those behind commissure and on membrane more broken and
irregular. Head short; vertex with sides subparallel, at base only about
two-thirds as wide as hind margin of eye; frontal depression of male
deep, ovate, the apex below. Pronotum and elytra finely rastrate, the

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1071

former with an evident, but faint median carina, the latter finely pubes-
cent. Pala of male as in fig. 215, b. Length, 10 — 11 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Aug. 16 — Oct. 9; common among masses
of water-weeds in spring-fed ponds. Ranges from New York
and New Jersey west to Minnesota and Kansas and southwest
to Oklahoma and Texas.

1212 ( — ). Arctocorixa lobata Hungerford, 1925a, 143.

Dark brown; head, legs and ventrals yellow; pronotum crossed by
about eight broad black bands ; elytra with pale markings much as in
obliqua. Membrane more or less separated from corium by fusion of the
pale cross-lines. Male with frontal depression of head less distinct, its
sides reaching the eyes. Pronotum coarsely rastrate, its median carina
scarcely evident. Pala of males elongate, sides nearly parallel, slightly
broader near the rounded tip. Left clasper of male with a prominent
lobe in front of base of right one. Length, 9.4 mm.

Recorded only from Long Island, N. Y., and St. Paul, Minn.

1213 ( — ). Arctocorixa vulgaris Hungerford, 1925a, 143.

Dark brown; vertex and legs reddish-brown, front dull yellow;
pronotum with 9 — 11 narrow yellowish cross-lines; elytra with pale cross-
lines transverse and parallel, much less waved and broken than in any of
its allies, more broken and irregular on the membrane; ventrals dark,
those of male tinged with reddish. Frontal depression of male long and
deep, its sides not reaching eyes ; base of vertex one-fourth narrower
than base of eye. Pronotum and elytra rastrate. Length, 9- — 10 mm.

Sudbury, Mass., May 3 (Frost). Ranges from there west to
Ohio and South Dakota.

1214 (1444% ). Arctocorixa ornata Abbott, 1916, 341.

Sides parallel. Tawny yellow with umber markings ; pronotum with
only four or five pale cross-lines; pale lines of elytra coalescent as in
pi. XII, fig. 4; membrane with a central dark stripe from which radiate
pale markings. Head wider than pronotum ; frontal impression of male,
elongate-ovate, large and conspicuous. Upper surface strongly rastrate.
Pala? as in pi. XII, fig. 10. Length, 9 mm.

Recorded from New England and Ithaca, N. Y.

1215 (1426^). Arctocorixa decorata Abbott, 1916, 341.

Dull yellow with dark brown markings; pronotum with eight dark
cross-lines; cross-lines of clavus broad, somewhat forked, those of corium
tending to coalesce into indefinite longitudinal lineations ; membrane with
numerous vermiculate markings. Frontal depression of male small, shal-
low, barely exceeding the eye. Pala falcate; pegs 37, the apical 13 — 14
ones three times the length of the others. Length, 9 mm.

Recorded only from Massachusetts.

1072 FAMILY XL. — CORIXID^E.

1216 (1438). Arctocorixa kennicottii ( Uhler) , 1897a, 393.

Dark reddish-brown with yellowish markings, head whitish; prono-
tum with six or seven narrow yellowish lines; basal third of clavus with
yellow lines wide, their outer ends forked ; apical two-thirds with three
rows of vague pale flecks and another row touching the yellow sutural
line; corium as in key, with pale markings as in fig. 2; dorsum and ven-
trals blackish, the margins and legs yellowish. Frontal depression of
male small, shallow, bounded by coarse punctures. Pronotum coarsely
rastrate, elytra very finely so. Pala as in pi. XII, fig. 7. Length, 8 — 9 mm.

Ranges from New England west to Illinois. Uhler says it
is : "Common in the Coastal region and in shallow pools, heated
by the sun's rays, these insects are cooked of a red color."

1217 (1442y2). Arctocorixa lucida Abbott, 1916, 341.

Elongate, widest behind middle. Dull yellow, pronotum and elytra
with color and markings as in key and fig. 3; head yellow; under surface
in great part blackish, the sides of ventrals yellow; legs and head green-
ish-yellow. Male with frontal depression ovate, reaching middle of eyes;
pala short with apex widened and subtruncate; pegs 20 — 22, the row
abruptly bent (pi. XII, fig. 9). Length, 8.7—9 mm.

Raleigh, N. Car., Nov. 17 (Brimley) . Recorded only from
Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Connecticut. The strongly
rastrate pronotum with narrow vague lineations, the arrange-
ment of black hues on the elytra and the fewer pegs distinguish
this from its allies.

1218 (1427y2). Arctocorixa dubia Abbott, 1916, 342.
Chestnut-brown, shining, finely rastrate. Pronotum with eight

rather broad, straight and unbroken yellow cross-lines; lineations of
clavus, corium and membrane uniformly coalescent to form a dark back-
ground with narrow flecks of a paler hue. Frontal depression shallow,
not reaching middle of eyes. Pala as in key. Length, 8.5 mm.

Recorded only from Maine and Massachusetts.

1219 (1425). Arctocorixa convexa (Fieber), 1851a, 37.
Reddish-brown with yellow lines; vertex fuscous, subangulate. Pro-
notum elongate, convex, rastrate, with median carina distinct, percur-
rent and with 12 — 13 narrow transverse yellowish lines. Elytra densely
pilose; clavus rastrate, its basal pale lines entire, transverse, parallel,
remainder more narrow, abbreviated, sometimes forked; corium punctate,
its pale lines short, undulate or angulate, sinuous or forked; membrane
with sutural line and marginal area sordid, disk with a median black
stripe; embolium blackish toward base; legs pale, middle femora and tarsi
annulate with fuscous; three or four basal ventrals black. Pala of female
cultrate, acute. Length, 9 mm.

Described from Labrador. Not recorded elsewhere. Males
apparently unknown.

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1073

1220 (1446). Arctocorixa planifrons (Kirby), 1857, 284.

"Head yellow; under surface black with two pale spots each side of
breast; occiput obtuse-angulate at middle, front blunt; prothorax cari-
nated, brownish-black, transversely streaked with pale yellow; hemelytra
brownish-black, sprinkled with yellow; anal half of abdomen pale yellow.
Length, 4 lines (8 mm.)." (Kirby).

Described from Canada ; not recorded elsewhere.
Group II. — Arctocorixa.

This group comprises a large number of species from the
eastern states which range in length from 3 to 8 mm. No key
to these smaller eastern forms has been published except a
partial one by Abbott (1913, 87) to the species known from
Georgia and a brief one covering six species in the Hemiptera
of Connecticut. These are based largely upon the number of
palar pegs present, and are of little value. The following key
is for a part of the species only. Brief descriptions of those
not in the key which have apparently been rightfully recorded
or are definitely known from our territory are therefore given
in alphabetical order,1"" as listed by Van Duzee in his Catalogue.
A number of these are doubtless synonyms, but from lack of
specimens I cannot determine which.

PARTIAL KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP II. ARCTOCORIXA.

a. Elytra with disks of clavus, corium and membrane dark brown or

black, without lineations, their narrow margins yellow; length,

6 — 6.5 m. 1221. hydatotrephes.

aa. Elyti-a with more or less evident cross lineations of pale and dark.

h. Dark pronotal cross-lines fewer than seven in number; length less

than 5 mm.

c. Dark cross-bars of pronotum distinctly wider than the pale ones.

d. Larger, length 4.7 mm. 1222. seriata.

dd. Smaller, length 3 — 3.5 mm. 1223. bradleyi.

cc. Dark and pale cross-lines of pronotum of equal width; length,

3 — 3.2 mm. 1224. abjecta.

hh. Dark pronotal cross-lines seven or more in number.

e. Inner basal third of clavus with a large oblique pale space devoid
of black markings; dark cross-lines of pronotum 10 — 12; length,
7.7 — 8 mm. 1225. EDULIS.

1"'1In addition to the smaller species of Arctocorixa below described, the follow-
ing have been mentioned or recorded from eastern North America, but they are
not included for the reasons given: A. abdominalis (Say), a Mexican species, recorded
by Banks from Florida, but no citation or other record: A. expleta (l'hl.1. a Colorado
species recorded from New Jersey by Smith (1910). probably on a wrong identifi-
cation: A. kirbi/i ( Fieb. ) = ( A. carinata Kirby). recorded from "Canada," but men-
tioned by Kirkaldy and Bueno (1909) as "doubtfully American": A. stigmata (Fieb.).
recorded from "North America." also mentioned by the same authors as "doubtfully
American": A. tarsalis and A. zimmermannii, both described by Fieber only from fe-
males, the former from Pennsylvania, the latter from Pennsylvania and "Carolina."
and neither since recognized.

1074 FAMILY XL. — CORIXID^E.

ee. Inner basal third of clavus without an immaculate pale area, or, if
present, the pronotal cross-lines and length not as in e.
f. Pale and dark cross-lines of clavus entire (or slightly forked)
in distinct contrast with the confused and broken ones of
corium; length, 6 — 7.8 mm.
(j. Pale markings of corium coalescent to form three longitudinal
stripes with edges almost entire. 1226. trilineata.

!/!/. Pale markings of corium confused, much interrupted, not ar-
ranged in unbroken stripes.
h. General color dark fuscous-brown on a yellowish background;
entire upper surface strongly rastrate; male pala and pegs
as in pi. XII, fig. 11. 1227. alternata.

hh. General color umber or brownish-yellow on a cream or ochre-
ous background; male pala and pegs as in pi. XII, fig. 12.

1228. PARSHLEYI.
//. Pale cross-lines of clavus, except at base, much interrupted and
of the same character as those of corium; length (except in
vulnerata) less than 6 mm.
i. Pale markings of corium short, narrow, vermiculate, arranged in
three quite definite longitudinal rows; ground color blackish-
fuscous ; dark pronotal cross-lines 6 — 7, wider than pale ones ;
vertex and front half of pronotum carinate. 1229. signata.
ii. Pale markings of corium not arranged in definite rows ; ground
color rarely blackish-fuscous; dark pronotal cross-lines 7 — 9.

1230—1242. Species a— z.

1221 (1435). Arctocorixa hydatotrephes Kirkaldy, 1908, 119.

Oblong, slender, parallel. Vertex of male dark brown; lower front
of head and legs pale yellow; pronotum either wholly blackish or with
3 — 5 very narrow pale cross-lines; elytra as in key, claval sutures, edges
of commissure and outer edge of corium, yellow; embolium fuscous; under
surface in great part brown, the margins of sterna and basal halves of
ventrals paler. Vertex of head less than one-third the width of prono-
tum, marked by two rows of coarse punctures. Pronotum short, sub-
pentagonal, hind margins rounded, both it and elytra minutely rastrate.
Male with front of head without evident impression; pala short, broad,
arched, with about 18 pegs parallel to the arched curved dorsal margin.
Female with head wholly pale and palas more elongate, less arched.
Length, 6 — 6.5 mm.

Raleigh and Windsor, N. Car., April 12— Oct. 21 (Brimley).
Recorded elsewhere only from Spring Creek, Decatur Co., Ga.,
where Bradley found it common in June in heavily shaded
cypress-bordered pools. Easily known by the solid dark brown,
pale bordered divisions of the elytra.

1222 (1447y2). Arctocorixa seriata Abbott, 1916, 342.

Dark brown; head yellow; pronotum with five pale cross-lines; claval
lineations mostly entire; those of corium and membrane much broken
and indefinitely seriate. Pronotum and clavus very rastrate. Male with

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1075

frontal impression deep, extending past middle of eyes; pala as in fig. 13;
pegs 17, in an angulated row. Length, 4.7 mm.

Recorded from numerous stations in New England ; not
known elsewhere.

1223 ( — ). Arctocorixa bradleyi Abbott, 1915, 84.
Yellowish-gray to brown; pronotum rastrate, with 5 — 6 dark brown

parallel bars, these twice or more the width of the alternate yellow lines;
elytra dark brown, minutely rastrate, lines of clavus broad, much con-
fused and coalescent; those of corium much inosculate, and interrupted
to form two or three longitudinal series ; those of membrane partially
effaced; lower surface and front and middle legs sordid white; hind legs
brown. Male with head short, broad, frontal impression broad, shallow,
reaching middle of eyes; pala oblong, cultrate, with 16 — 18 pegs in an
even median curved row. Length, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Described from Billy's Island and other points in Georgia.
Known only from that State.

1224 ( — ). Arctocorixa abjecta sp. nov.

Chocolate-brown with yellow markings. Head, legs and under sur-
face pale yellow; eyes blackish-brown; pronotum with five narrow pale
cross-lines of the same width as the brown ones, the second and third
often united near the margin; clavus with the pale lines on inner half of
basal third oblique and entire, elsewhere interrupted, forming short un-
dulate lines ; pale markings of corium and membrane everywhere broken
into short sinuous oblique marks, these arranged in four evident but ir-
regular longitudinal rows, the inner and outer ones adjacent to the
claval suture and costal margin; apex of corium with a pale triangular
area opposite middle of membrane; embolium dull yellow, its outer edge
and that of corium blackish; hind tarsi fuscous. Vertex relatively nar-
row with sides parallel, its width about two-thirds that of basal width
of eye, its basal half carinate and with two irregular rows of punc-
tures. Pronotum distinctly rastrate, two-thirds wider at middle than
long, its apical third carinate. Clavus and corium almost smooth. Male
with frontal impression narrow, oval, reaching apical third of eyes;
pala broad, cultrate, pegs about 20, the row median at base, thence
gradually curving upward and following the dorsal margin. Female
with vertex slightly wider; front convex and with an obtuse median
carina. Length, 3—3.2 mm.

Very common in the ponds and ditches about Dunedin, Fla.,
Nov. 18 — April 23. Evidently allied to bradleyi, but the alter-
nate pale and dark pronotal lines of equal width and the row of
pegs median only at base.

1225 (1428). Arctocorixa edulis Champion, 1901, 380.

Elongate, smooth, shining, yellowish-testaceous; pronotum with 10 —
12 very slender transverse black lines ; those on apical half in part ab-
breviated; clavus, except for an oblique space at base, corium and mem-

1076 FAMILY XL. — CORIXID>£.

brane closely marked with short, transverse undulate, irregular black
lines, these so arranged as to form four irregular series on each elytron;
embolium pale with apex and a transverse mark behind middle infuscate;
legs and under surface pale. Vertex with a short carina at base. Elytra
finely rastrate. Male with frontal impression large, broad, oval; pala
spoon-shaped, produced and somewhat pointed at tip; ventral segments
asymmetrical on the left side; strigil on the right. Length, 7.7 — 8 mm.

Agricultural College, Miss. ( Weed) . Described from Mexico ;
recorded by Van Duzee (1917, 480) from the "Southern
States," and by Hungerford (1925a, 142) from Kansas, Min-
nesota and the East. It appears to be aberrant as to genus, the
smooth surface and sinistral asymmetry of male suggesting
Corixa.

1226 (1455). Arctocorixa trilineata Provancher, 1872, 108.
"Brown. Face yellow with a median line on vertex and front; eyes

black. Prothorax with 8 — 9 transverse lines. Antenna? yellow and
brown ; elytra brown with numerous yellow transverse striae on the
triangular part of the scutellum (clavus) ; remainder of corium with
three longitudinal yellow stripes almost without indentations, these re-
placed on the triangular disk of membrane by yellow zigzag marks and
lines. Under surface clear yellow with a brown spot at base of abdo-
men; tarsi also brown. Length, 6.2 mm." (Provancher) .

Described from Quebec, where, says Provancher : "It occurs
in company with bilineata in all the waters about the environs
of the city." Recorded from numerous stations in New Eng-
land. Pala of male as in pi. XII, fig. 14.

1227 (1422). Arctocorixa alternata (Say), 1825, 329; II, 251.
Elongate, subparallel, strongly rastrate. General color brown with

yellow markings; pronotum with eight or nine narrow, nearly uniform
dark brown or blackish transverse lines ; clavus with the dark cross-bars
relatively broad, parallel, entire, in part forked, nearly uniform through-
out; corium with short zigzag undulate pale cross-lines, these inter-
rupted to leave a narrow dark stripe each side of disk; membrane with
the yellow lines broken into very irregular zigzag flecks and marks;
embolium yellow with margins dusky, more widely so near base ; under
surface in great part blackish; sides of sterna, last three ventrals and
side margins of the others yellow. Male with frontal impression very
large, reaching middle of eyes, its sides subparallel; hind margin of
pronotum broadly rounded; pala as in pi. XII, fig. 11; pegs 38 — 40 in a
single curving row. Female with front convex and apex of hind margin
of pronotum obtusely angled. Length, 6 — 8 mm. (Fig. 215, a).

Common throughout northern Indiana, less so in the south-
ern counties. Occurs mainly in woodland ponds and stagnant
pools of streams in which the bottom is covered with small
sticks and other vegetable debris. Raleigh, N. Car., Sept. 8

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1077

(Brimley). Staten Island, N. Y., Oct. 5 (Davis). Its recorded
range extends from New England west to Illinois and south-
west to Missouri. Van Duzee includes Florida and cites a
Barber reference which is incorrect. The entire, subparallel,
pale and dark cross-bars of clavus, strongly rastrate upper sur-
face and numerous pegs of male pala distinguish this from its
allies.

1228 (1444^). Arctocorixa parshleyi Abbott, 1916, 342.

Color as in key; pronotum with eight or nine pale cross-lines; pale
lineations of clavus broad and entire; those of corium confused and inter-
rupted, not longitudinally seriate. Male pala as in fig. 12, the pegs
29 — 30, placed along the upper margin. Strigil square, small, with six
cross striae. Length, 6.5 mm.

Pittsburgh and Greensburg, Pa. (Wirtner). Recorded from
Maine, Rhode Island and New York. Closely allied to alternata
(Say).

1229 (1449). Arctocorixa signata (Fieber), 1851a, 21.

Dark fuscous bi'own; eyes black; pronotum with six or seven blackish
cross-bars with much narrower yellow lines alternating; basal third of
clavus with regular oblique dark bars and pale lines; remainder of clavus
and corium with short zigzag yellow marks arranged in three somewhat
regular longitudinal rows; pale marks of membrane obscure; head, legs
and sterna dull yellow; embolium, setae of hind tibiae and fringe of hind
tarsi, fuscous; ventrals dusky. Vertex of head with a short median
carina. Pronotum lenticular, its hind margin obtusely rather broadly
rounded; disk strongly rastrate, the apical third with a short obtuse
median carina. Clavus and corium much more finely rastrate. Male
with frontal impression narrow, reaching middle of eyes; pala short,
cultrate, less than twice as long as wide, about one-fourth longer than
the narrower tibia; pegs 13, in a regular row. Length, 5 — 5.5 mm.

Marshall Co., Ind., Aug. 15. Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla.,
Nov. 18 — April 18 (W.S.B.). Scarce in Indiana; common
throughout the winter in ponds near Dunedin ; not before re-
ported from Florida. Lakehurst, N. J., and Staten Island,
N. Y. (Davis). Recorded from Pennsylvania, Illinois and
Georgia. The fuscous -brown hue, rows of pale zigzag mark-
ings and carina on vertex of head and front of pronotum are
the chief distinguishing characters.

1230 (1423). Arctocorixa bilineata (Provancher), 1872, 108.

"Face pale yellow, with a brown line on vertex and front; eyes dark
brown. Pronotum with five or six transverse yellow lines, alternating
with brown ones. Elytra brown; clavus bordered with yellow anu with

ri078 FAMILY XL. — CORIXIDiE.

numerous small transverse lines not reaching the median suture; remain-
der of corium with two longitudinal more or less undulated yellow lines;
membrane with numerous yellow marks. Sterna, ventrals and legs pale
yellow; hind femora with a small brown annulus near apex. Length,
4.5 mm." (Provancher) .

Described from Quebec and recorded only from there.

1231 (1424). Arctocorixa calva (Say), 1832, 38; I, 366.

"Body above, glabrous, polished. Pale yellowish; head yellow; prono-
tum with eight or nine transverse black lines; elytra with numerous un-
dulated or angulated black transverse lines which are more or less bifid
and inosculated ; those of the anterior inner portion not larger than the
others ; lateral grooves and all beneath yellowish-white. Length less than
one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits United States. Quite distinct from the
interrupta and alternata nob., which are both minutely rugulose." (Say).

The above is the original description. Fieber (1851a, 19)
evidently described a different insect under Say's name, as he
mentions a fuscous species with hemelytra "longe-pilosa." The
species has been recorded from Ontario, New England, Pennsyl-
vania, Colorado, Texas and Alaska. Judging from the original
description it very probably belongs to the genus Corixa.

1232 ( — ). Arctocorixa compressa Abbott, 1915, 81.

Dark brown; head sordid yellow; pronotum with 7 — 8 very broad,
parallel cross bars, each nearly twice as wide as the alternate yellow ones;
claval lineations broad, confused, confluent; those of corium vermiculate
in two or three indefinite longitudinal rows; embolium fuscous; hind
portion of membrane bordered with brown ; under surface and legs
sordid to brown. Pronotum strongly rastrate, keeled in front, obtusely
rounded behind. Clavus minutely rastrate, corium smooth. Male with
front flat; pala as in pi. XII, fig. 15, compressed, bent in the middle
as if pinched; pegs 20 — 21 in an even curving median row. Length, 4.7
— 5.2 mm.

Recorded from Connecticut and various stations in Georgia.

1233 (1429). Arctocorixa erichsonii Fieber, 1851a, 35.

Blackish fuscous; pronotum with nine or ten transverse curved pale
lines, its margins fuscous; clavus with pale lines parallel, oblique, entire;
corium with lines subparallel, longitudinally interrupted, approximate,
some of them forked, its inner apical angle with a black stripe; marginal
line of costal area yellowish, finely denticulate; membrane rhomboidal,
its suture yellow, margins black, its pale lines oblique, confluent; legs
pale; dorsum black, male, its sides pale, female; middle of mesosternum
fuscous; male with five ventrals black; female with two. Male with pala
cultrate, its base beneath produced; frontal impression obovate, reaching
middle of eyes. Length, 5.5 mm.

Described from Pennsylvania. Not recorded elsewhere.

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1079

1234 (1463). Arctocorixa gordita (Abbott), 1913, 84.

Short, plump, with short broad head; pronotum and clavus rastrate.
Tawny yellow with dark brown markings; head brownish-yellow, its
hind margin fuscous ; pronotum lenticular, with seven parallel dark
brown cross-bars; clavus with cross-lines oblique, entire; lineations of
corium very dark, irregular, confused, coalescent to form a large irregu-
lar blotch near inner apical angle; membrane with markings irregular,
vermiculate, a dark spot on lower outer edge; under surface dusky; legs
yellow, hind tarsi brown. Male with frontal impression shallow, ovate,
reaching eyes, its middle with a convexity or callus; pala as in fig. 215, k,
nearly four times as long as wide at base; pegs 22, in an almost straight
line near lower margin. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

Described from several stations in Georgia ; not recorded
elsewhere.

1235 (1441). Arctocorixa lateralis Leach, 1817, 17.

Cinereous or yellowish-gray; pronotum with 7 — 9 narrow curved
black lines ; inner basal angles of clavus without lines, remainder with
narrow, crowded, blackish, irregular confluent ones; corium with dark
lines crowded, broken, angulated, forming on the disk, by their points of
contact, three longitudinal dark streaks; membrane with front margin
brown, the others pale, its disk with fine, irregular black reticulations,
these radiating and parallel from along the margins; legs pale, basal
joint of hind tarsi blackish; dorsum black, embolium pale. Male with
frontal impression elliptical, reaching slightly above the lower angles of
eyes; pala broad, cultrate, its apex rounded; ventrals 1 — 4 black, re-
mainder yellowish. Length, 4.7 — 5.3 mm.

A widely distributed European species, known in this coun-
try only from Pennsylvania. The A. hieroglyphica (Duf.) is a
synonym.

1236 (1442). Arctocorixa lineata (Forster), 1771, 70.

"Pale yellow; elytra concolorous and with three longitudinal fuscous
stripes ; head yellow, obtuse ; eyes brown ; thorax yellow with three trans-
verse fuscous lines; inner wings whitish, pellucid; abdomen, legs and
pectus pale yellow. Length, 4.2 mm." (Forster) .

Described from "North America." Recorded from New York.

1237 (1443%). Arctocorixa modesta Abbott, 1916, 343.

Tawny yellow with brown lines; pronotum subtriangular with nine
unbroken brown cross-lines; clavus with narrow yellow margin, the
brown lines broken, forked and confluent; corial lineations inosculate,
tending to coalesce in a stripe along the margin, those of membrane
uniting to form a central spot. Pronotum, clavus and basal half of
corium strongly rastrate. Male with frontal impression elliptical, reach-
ing middle of eye; pala cultrate, slightly produced at base, somewhat in-
curved ; pegs 33 in a single row. Length, 5 mm.

1080 FAMILY XL. — CORIXID^E.

Described from Maryland, Virginia and District of Columbia.
Not recorded elsewhere.

1238 (1445). Arctocorixa pectenata Abbott, 1913, 83.
Olivaceous; head dull yellow; pronotum subcordate with seven parallel

straight yellowish lines; lineations of clavus entire, those of corium
coalescent to form a vitta on the inner angle; those of membrane con-
fused, uniting in a central fleck and a darker spot on outer border; legs
pale, hind tarsi brown; thoracic pleura pale, abdomen dark. Male with
frontal impression shallow, long and narrow; pala lanceolate, strongly
compressed, deeply excavated on outer surface; pegs 24 in an irregular
row along lower margin, the basal seven small. Length, 4.5 mm.

Described from Marietta, Ga. ; not recorded elsewhere.

1239 ( — ). Arctocorixa scabra Abbott, 1915, 83.

Tawny yellow with broad brown markings; head yellow; pronotum
with seven brown cross-lines, these about as wide as the yellow ones ;
clavus coarsely rastrate, its brown bars entire, subequal in width to pale
ones; corium very finely rastrate, its inner hind angle pale, brown mark-
ings broad, confluent, vermiculate, indefinitely longitudinally seriate.
Male with frontal impression pear-shaped, reaching above front of eyes;
pala as in pi. XII, fig. 17; pegs 22 — 24 in an evenly curving, nearly
median row. Length, 4.7 — 5 mm.

Ranges from New England southwest to Georgia.

1240 ( — ). Arctocorixa sigmoidea Abbott, 1915, 82.

Closely allied to compressa but smaller, more slender and paler, with
finer rastration which covers the whole surface of elytra. Pronotum
with six dark umber parallel bands, the fourth and fifth not reaching
the margins, these three to four times the width of the yellow cross-
lines. Elytra with brown markings variable, broad, confluent, vermicu-
late, more or less triseriate, the yellowish ones reduced to broken dots
and dashes; hind portion of membrane widely bordered with dark brown;
under surface and legs dirty white; hind tarsi brown. Male with frontal
impression oblong-oval, slightly surpassing base of eyes; pala flattened
and warped as in compressa, almost hemispherical in outline, the tip
produced in a nose-like projection with a terminal spine; the 13 or 14
pegs of basal half short, blunt, crowded and arranged in an S-shaped
curve; the 6 or 7 on apical half more slender and widely spaced, follow-
ing the upper contour of the pala. Length, 4 — 4.5 mm.

"The most abundant species in southern Georgia, the males
easily identified by the peculiar palse, the females difficult to
discriminate from those of compressa." (Abbott). Known only
from that State.

1241 (1450). Arctocorixa stagnalis (Leach), 1817, 16.
Blackish-fuscous; pronotum with eight transverse yellow lines, these

sometimes abbreviated or forked; lineations of clavus entire, parallel.

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1081

the yellow ones sometimes forked ; eorium sparsely pilose and with
unequal, crowded, undulate pale marking, its inner angle and costal area
with a blackish stripe; membrane with sutural line narrow, dentate, its
disk with sparse flexuous lines; dorsum, sterna and xyphus black; four
basal ventrals black in male, two in female. Male with frontal impres-
sion obovate, equalling eyes ; pala short, wide, cultrate, its dorsal margin
curved, base beneath produced in an obtuse angle. Length, 5 mm.

A palaearctic European species recorded by Fieber (1851a,
35) from Pennsylvania, under the name Corisa limitata Fieb., a
synonym.

1242 (1457). Arctocorixa vulnerata (Uhler), 1861, 284.

Blackish-fuscous; upper surface uniformly rastrate; pronotum yel-
low with seven black lines, two of them forked; clavus with yellow lines
on base enth-e, those behind middle interrupted at inner suture, middle
ones broken; lines of eorium broken, subparallel, the oblique one at
membrane yellow; membrane with very serpentine lines, radiating to-
ward but not reaching inner margin ; marginal area yellowish-white ;
ventrals dusky at base; dorsum black; connexivum yellow, its incisures
black ; legs yellowish-white, tarsi in part black. Pala cultrif orm, slightly
curved at tip, its middle hardly broader. Length, 7.5 mm.

Described from the State of Washington and recorded by
Uhler (1876, 341) from Montana, Oregon and northern Illinois.
"Remarkable for having very fine scratched transverse lines
bounding some of the lines of thorax." (Uhler).

V. Hesperocorixa Kirkaldy, 1908, 118.

This genus, as characterized in the generic key, p. 1065, is
represented by a single known species.

1243 (1460). Hesperocorixa brimleyi Kirkaldy, 1908, 120.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Above shining reddish-brown, basal fourth
of clavus and a large spot near apex of eorium blackish-brown; head
wholly, or in part, front legs and middle femora pale greenish-yellow;
middle tibiae and hind legs dull yellow with a strong reddish tinge; under
surface brown, the genitals and narrow side margins of ventrals yel-
lowish. Pronotum lenticular, three times as wide as long, very minutely
strigose, its hind margin broadly rounded. Elytra with sides parallel to
apical fourth, then tapering to the narrowly rounded tips. Male with
frontal depression very faint; pala? cultrate with about 28 pegs; strigil
rather large, oblong-oval. Length, 8.5 — 9.5 mm.

Raleigh and Wendell, N. Car., March 26— April 12 (Brimley) .
Described from Raleigh and not recorded elsewhere. Easily
known from all other Corixids by its smooth polished upper
surface devoid of cross-lineations and the peculiar coloration.

1082 FAMILY XL. — corixit);f.

VI. Palmacorixa Abbott, 1912, 337 ; 1913, 113.

Elongate, elytra tapering posteriorly, with vermiculate, often
semi-obsolete markings ; inner wings aborted in both sexes ;
males with vertex convex, face flat ; palae thin, plate-like, upper
margin parabolic ; front femur with a large stridular area ;
asymmetry and strigil dextral ; fifth tergite entire, sixth
divided. Two species are known, both occurring in our ter-
ritory.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PALMACORIXA.

a. Clavus devoid of lineations on a large area near inner basal angle;
pala of male with two short rows of pegs on the lower basal third
(fig. 215, ;') ; front femur of female trapezoidal, two-thirds as wide
as long. 1244. gillettii.

<ta. Lineations of clavus covering the entire surface; pala with a single
irregular row of 24 — 33 pegs along the middle of the sides (fig.
19) ; front femur of female oblong, two and a half times as long
as wide. 1245. buenoi.

1244 (1461). Palmacorixa gillettii Abbott, 1912, 337.

Pale yellowish with brown markings; head pale yellow; pronotum
minutely rastrate, yellowish, paler at sides, with eight to ten narrow,
broken, confluent dark cross-lines, some of the hind ones joining the
marginal line; clavus with inner basal portion yellow, outer margin with
a diagonal stripe along the corial suture, the intervening area with nu-
merous, variable, irregular dark markings ; corium and membrane with
vermiculate and inosculate brown markings, usually arranged in two
rather indefinite longitudinal stripes; embolium yellow; legs and under
surface yellowish-white. Male pala as in fig. 215, j, strongly compressed,
lower edge straight, upper one parabolic, surface covered with fine de-
pressed spines; pegs in two rows, upper row with five or six, lower one
with nine or ten; tibia globular, one-fourth the length of pala; femur
oblong, as long as pala. Length, 6 mm.

Described from Colorado. Recorded by Hussey from Three
Oaks, Mich. He states that superficially it bears a strong re-
semblance to Corixa verticalis Fieb.

1245 (1462). Palmacorixa buenoi Abbott, 1913a, 113.

Oblong, subparallel. Above dull yellow to smoky brown, much darker
than gillettii, the lineations fuscous-brown; pronotum with seven or
eight narrow, more or less broken dark cross-bars alternating with yel-
low ones ; claval lineations narrow, vermiculate, fused along the outer
margin to form an irregular dark line parallel to the suture; pale zig-
zag marks of corium in somewhat regular longitudinal rows; front of
head, embolium, legs and under surface pale straw-yellow. Pronotum
and clavus rastrate; corium finely punctate. Male palae cultrate, three
times as long as wide, the pegs in a very irregular row (pi. XII, fig.
19). Length, 4.5—6 mm. (Fig. 215, i).

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1083

McCullers, N. Car., Sept. 10 (Brimley). Ranges from Mas-
sachusetts and New York west to Michigan and southwest to
North Carolina, Georgia and Kansas. Abbott calls it "a deli-
cately marked and very variable species."

VII. Corixa Geoffroy, 1762, 477.

Species resembling very closely those of Arctocorixa in form
and color, but always more shining and not at all or very faintly
rastrate ; head somewhat broader with hind angles more pro-
longed. Males with front tibia prolonged above the basal
fourth or more of pala in the form of a triangular spur or
rounded lobe (pi. XII, fig. 18 ; fig. 215, /) , and asymmetry and
strigil of ventrals sinistral or on the left side. Eight species
are known from North America, six of which occur in the east-
ern states.107

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CORIXA.

a. Dark pronotal lineations not more than 10.
b. Length, 5 or 6 mm.; dark pronotal cross-lines 8 — 10.

c. General color yellow with fuscous markings ; head yellow, vertex

fuscous; pale cross-lines of pronotum all regular, as wide or
slightly wider than the dark ones; form more robust; pala and
pegs of male as in pi. XII, fig. 18. 1246. verticalis.

cc. General color blackish-fuscous; head wholly fuscous; pale cross-
lines of pronotum narrower than dark ones; form more slender;
pala of male with upper edge regularly curved, not angulate
as in verticalis, pegs 18 in a straight oblique row.

1247. reticulata.
bb. Length less than 4 mm.; dark pronotal cross-lines not more than
six.

d. Pronotum with but three dark cross-bars ; pale markings of corium

forming three evident but ill-defined longitudinal rows; pala
and pegs of male as in fig. 215, /. 1248. macroceps.

dd. Pronotum with five or six dark cross-bars ; pale markings of
corium not arranged in rows.
e. Clavus with dark bars crossing the entire disk; vertex without
fuscous stripes; pronotum finely rastrate, with pale cross-
lines very narrow, broken or confused. 1249. minima.
ee. Clavus with an oblique area on inner basal third devoid of dark
marks ; vertex with three fuscous stripes ; pronotum almost
smooth, the pale cross-lines regular and as wide as dark ones.

1250. PULCHRA.

aa. Pronotal lineations 12; tegmina dark and dull; males unknown;

length, 5 mm. 1251. sellaris.

107The C. hurmeisteri Fieber from "America boreali" is not included in the key,
but a translation of the original description is appended.

1084 FAMILY XL. — CORIXID^E.

1246 (1467). Cokixa verticalis Fieber, 1851a, 24.

Elongate, sides subparallel. Above pale yellow, shining; pronotum
with nine or ten narrow transverse black lines, alternating with similar
yellow ones; black markings of clavus narrow, oblique, in part anasto-
mosing, often forked on the ends; those of corium and membrane similar
but less oblique; lower front of head and under surface dull white, im-
maculate. Male with frontal depression very large, covering nearly the
entire face and projecting above the eyes; pala as in fig. 18, scarcely
longer but distinctly broader than tibia, its apical half deflexed, obliquely
truncate, pegs as in key. Female with head darker, its front convex.
Vertex obtusely longitudinally carinate in both sexes. Other characters
as in key. Length, 5 — 6 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., Aug. 16 — Oct. 7 (W.S.B.). Agricultural
College, Miss. {Weed). In Marion County it occurs frequently
among the clumps of water-willows, Dianthera americana L., close
to the edge of running water ; also in the stagnant waters of
woodland ponds. Recorded definitely heretofore only from
New England, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Georgia. Easily
known from our other species by its larger, more robust form
and the very large frontal depression of males, the apex of
which projects above the eyes.

1247 (1447). Corixa reticulata Guerin, 1857, 423.

Elongate, slender, sides subparallel. Color as in key; cross-lines
of pronotum crowded, the nine or ten pale ones sordid white, with two
or three of the median ones united near the ends; clavus with basal
eight or ten dark lines regular, parallel, narrower than the pale inter-
vals, slightly widened and in part forked at the ends ; apical two-thirds
of clavus and all of corium and membrane with short vermicular or
undulate pale markings, evenly distributed; embolium yellowish, its outer
margin fuscous; legs and under surface wholly pale. Vertex as wide as
eyes with a row of fine punctures each side, and an obtuse median carina
prolonged backward as a cusp. Pronotum convex, triangular, minutely
rastrate, its hind margin obtuse-angled. Male with frontal impression
deep, elliptical, reaching between apical third of eyes; pala as in key,
tibiae prolonged over its basal third. Female with front strongly con-
vex, hind tarsi fuscous. Length, 4.5 — 5 mm.

Dunedin and R. P. Park, Fla., Nov. 18 — March 26. Frequent
in the ponds about Dunedin ; taken at the Park at light and
from a limestone roadside ditch. Described from Cuba. Re-
corded by Barber from Charlotte Harbor, Ft. Myers, Punta
Gorda, Biscayne Bay and Titusville, Fla.

1248 (1465). Corixa macroceps Kirkaldy, 1908, 119.

Oblong, slightly wider behind the middle. Pronotum and elytra dull
brownish-yellow, the former with three rather broad entire, transverse

THE WATER-BOATMEN. 1085

brown cross-bars ; clavus with dark cross lines distinct near base, else-
where very irregular; dark markings of corium arranged in three vague
irregular longitudinal rows; head, under surface and legs pale dull
yellow. Pronotum and clavus minutely rastrate, corium smooth, shining.
Male pala short, cultrate, twice as long as wide, the basal two-fifths
covered by the tibial spur. Length, 3.3 mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., May 29 (Davis) ; one specimen labelled
"Trichocorixa micronectoides Plunkett." Described from Raleigh,
N. Car. Recorded elsewhere only from Oglethorpe, Ga.

1249 (1466). Corixa minima Abbott, 1913, 86.

Dull yellow with brown markings; eyes silvery gray; pronotum finely
rastrate, narrower than head, rounded behind, twice as wide as long,
with five or six blackish, confused cross-bars; pale lineations of clavus,
except at base, inosculate, confused; those of corium vermiculate, united
along the margins, not broken to form series; membrane with markings
effaced; embolium sordid or dusky; legs and under surface pale. Male
with frontal impression oblong, occupying all the face; vertex carinate;
tibia? produced over pala for one-third its length; pala short, cultrate;
pegs 12 in a straight row. Female paler than male with five unbroken
pronotal lineations. Length, 3.3 mm.

Natick, Mass., Aug. 30 (Frost). Described from Georgia and
recorded only from that State.

1250 ( — ). Corixa pulchra sp. nov.

Oblong, slender, sides subparallel. Head yellow, vertex with three
fuscous lines; pronotum with five parallel yellow cross-lines, the median
one sometimes partially united with the second ; clavus with an oblique
pale area as in key, the dark bars on outer side of this oblique, parallel,
more or less broken, wider than the pale ones; corium and apical portion
of clavus with pale marks vermiculate and much broken, those on mem-
brane longer and subparallel, less broken but very sinuous or undulate;
embolium, hind tarsi and a streak on tibia? fuscous. Vertex with sides
subparallel, its base about three-fifths that of basal width of an eye,
disk with a median carina. Pronotum subtriangular, two-thirds wider
at middle than long, male, twice as wide, female, hind margin obtusely
angled, disk minutely almost invisibly rastrate. Elytra smooth. Male
with frontal impression deep, subelliptical, its sides parallel, reaching
between apical fourth of eyes; tibia? distinctly projecting over pala, the
latter scarcely twice as long as high at middle, upper margin arched,
its front strongly deflexed, pegs about 16 in an oblique median row.
Female with front convex, dark median carina of vertex reaching below
eyes ; pala shaped as in male. Length, 3.5 — 3.8 mm.

Dunedin, R. P. Park and Palmdale, Fla., Nov. 20— April 17 ;
common in ditches and ponds about Dunedin ; also taken from
between the culms and leaves of sedges ; frequent in ditches

1086 FAMILY XL. — CORIXID^E.

at the Park. A handsome, well marked little species, and the
only Corixa with pale basal claval area as in A. edit! is (Champ.)
and ./. mercenaria (Say).

1251 (1464). Corixa sellaris Abbott, 1913, 85.

Elongate, slender; pronotum and clavus minutely rastrate. Head
yellowish-white, vertex fuscous; pronotum triangular, with 12 dark
brown lines, these curved, parallel, almost entire; elytral markings every-
where vermiculate and anastomosing, forming a continuous interlocking
pattern over clavus, corium and membrane, with little tendency toward
cross-barring or arrangement in rows; embolium fuscous; legs and
under surface ivory-white. Female with pala compressed, broadly
joined to tibia, two-fifths as wide as long. Length, 5 mm.

Known only from females taken at several stations in
Georgia.

1252 (1469). Corixa burmeisteri Fieber, 1851a, 24.

"Blackish-fuscous with yellow lines; head yellow, vertex acutely
angulated; pronotum short, posteriorly rectangular, with margins and
seven or eight straight cross-lines fuscous ; elytra narrow with pale
lines wide, unequal, forked, crossing over onto membrane, where they
are horizontal and acutely angulate or undulate; embolium sordid, with
several lines or a spot toward apex blackish; legs and under surface
pale. Male with frontal impression obovate, scarcely surpassing eyes;
pala obliquely ovate, acute, base beneath produced in an angle. Length,
4 mm." (Fieber).

The above is a free translation of the original description,
the types being from "America boreali."

1253 (1440). Arctocorixa laevigata (Uhler), 1893a, 384.

Chestnut-brown. Pronotum very convex, highly polished, not ras-
trate, its disk with a percurrent median carina and crossed by 14 — 15
yellow lines, these sometimes split at or before the middle, the basal ones
narrower. Yellow cross-lines of clavus interrupted, the inner series zig-
zag; those of corium in short, wavy, subdiagonal rows. Male with
frontal impression ovate, very shallow, reaching slightly above the line
of eyes; pala broad, cultrate, apex above bluntly rounded, lower apical
angle subacute. Length, 10 — 11.5 mm.

Described from Utah and California. Recorded by Hunger-
ford (1925a, 142) from Rhode Island, New Jersey and Mary-
land. The non-rastrate carinate pronotum with 14 — 15 pale
cross-lines will distinguish this species from the other members
of its group.

DISTRIBUTION OF EASTERN HETEROPTERA.

1087

Local Distribution of Eastern Heteroptera.

As mentioned on page 4, the Heteroptera of Florida are much better
known than those of Indiana. In order to show the comparative distri-
bution by families in the two states, the accompanying table has been
prepared. From it it will be noted that of the 1,253 species described
in this work, 414 have been recorded from Indiana and 548 from Florida.
Of those from the latter State 209 are neotropical forms, most of which
are known in this country only from Florida, or from Florida and the
southwestern states, but not elsewhere recorded from east of the Mis-
sissippi. Of the 478 eastern species included, but not yet recorded from
either Indiana or Florida, 258 or 54 per cent are Miridae, showing that
there is much work yet to be done on that family in both states.

DISTRIBUTION TABLE OF EASTERN HETEROPTERA.

No.
of

Family.

Recorded Recorded Common From Other

from from to both Florida States

Indiana. Florida. States. Alone. Only.

Total.

I.

Scutelleridae

4

9

1

4

3

15

II.

Podopidae

2

3

1

5

III.

Corimelaenidae

8

5

5

5

13

IV.

Cydnida?

9

14

6

4

2

19

V.

Pentatomidae

42

64

25

27

16

97

VI.

Coreidae

11

34

9

16

2

38

VII.

Coriscidae

6

7

3

2

1

11

VIII.

Corizidae

6

10

4

4

4

16

IX.

Aradidas

17

24

7

7

20

54

X.

Neididse

3

3

2

1

4

XI.

Lygaeidas

47

74

25

35

24

120

XII.

Pyrrhocoridae

7

3

2

9

XIII.

Thaumastocorida?

1

1

1

XIV.

Piesmidae

i

1

1

1

XV.

Tingididas

20

23

4

13

34

73

XVI.

Enicocephalidae

1

1

1

1

XVII.

Phymatidae

3

7

3

2

2

9

XVIII.

Ploiariidae

4

18

3

11

7

26

XIX.

Reduviidae

23

38

17

4

5

49

XX.

Nabidae

8

9

2

3

5

20

XXI.

Naeogeidae

3

6

2

3

7

XXII.

Mesoveliidae

1

2

1

1

2

4

XXIII.

Cimicidae

1

1

1

2

3

XXIV.

Anthocoridae

6

16

4

6

11

29

XXV.

Cryptostemmatidas

3

2

2

5

XXVI.

Isometopidae

4

4

XXVII.

Microphysidae

1

1

XXVIII.

Termatophylidae

1

1

XXIX.

Miridae

136

109

36

46

258

467

XXX.

Hydrometridae

1

2

1

2

XXXI.

Gerridae

9

6

2

1

6

19

XXXII.

Veliidae

5

9

1

2

3

16

XXXIII.

Saldida?

11

8

4

2

7

22

XXXIV.

Ochteridae

1

2

1

3

XXXV.

Nerthridae

1

5

i

2

i

6

XXXVI.

Naucoridae

1

2

l

2

XXXVII.

Nepidae

4

6

3

7

XXXVIII.

Belostomatidae

5

6

5

i

7

XXXIX.

Notonectidae

7

8

6

i

7

16

XL.

Coreidae

7

5

1

4

39

50

Total

| 414

548

187

209

478

1253

1088 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

BIBLIOGRAPHY s

This is a list only of the works cited in this volume, arranged al-
phabetically by authors and years of publication. See pp. 8 and 9 of the
Introduction. Those students desiring a more complete oibliography are
referred to the two works mentioned on page 9.

Abbott, J. F. — 1912 — A New Type of Corixidae (Ramphocorixa balano-
dis, n. gen., et sp.) with an Account of its Life History.<Can. Ent.,
XLIV: 113—120.
1912a— A New Genus of Corixidae. < Ent. News, XXIII: 337—339.
1913— Corixidae of GeorgiaXBull. Brook. Ent. Soc, VlII: 81—93.
1913a — A New Species of Corixidae. < Can. Ent., XLV: 113—115.
1915 — A Biological Reconnaissance of the Okefenokee Swamp in
Georgia. — The Corixidae. < Washington Univ. Studies, II : 81
— 86.
1916— New Species of Corixidae. < Ent. News, XXVII: 340— 343.
1923— The Corixidae. <The Hemiptera of Connecticut: 386—390.
Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, J. G. A. — 1843 — Histoire Naturelle des In-

sectes. — Hemipteres. lxxvi+675+6 pp. Paris.
Ashmead, W. H. — 1887 — Hemipterological Contributions. No. l.<Ent.
Am., Ill: 155—156.
1895 — Notes on Cotton Insects found in Mississippi. < Insect Life,
VII: 320—326.
Baker, C. F. — 1906 — Notes on the Nysius and Ortholomus of America. <
Invert. Pacif., I: 133—140.
1908 — Preliminary Remarks on American Corizini.<Can. Ent., XL:
241—244.
Banks, Nathan — 1907 — Rare Hemiptera in Virginia. < Ent. News,
XVIII: 425.
1909 — Notes on Our Species of Emesidae.< Psyche, XVI: 43 — 48.
1910 — Catalogue of the Nearctic Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 103-fviii pp.

Philadelphia.
1910a— Four New Reduviidae.<Ent. News, XXI: 324—325.
1912 — A New Species of Emesidae from Vermont. < Psyche, XIX: 97.
Barber, H. G. — 1906 — Hemiptera from Southwestern Texas. <Mus.
Brooklyn Inst., Sci. Bull., 1 : 255—289.
1910 — Some Mexican Hemiptera-Heteroptera New to the Fauna of the

United States. <Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XVIII : 34— 39.
1911 — The Resurrection of Thyanta calceata Say from Synonvmy.<

Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XIX: 108—111.
1911a — Descriptions of some New Hemiptera-Heteroptera. <Journ.

N. Y. Ent. Soc, XIX: 23—31.
1911b — Pyrrhocoris apterus Linn, in the United States. <Journ. N. Y.

Ent. Soc, XIX: 111—112.
1913 — Description of Two New Species of Ochterus Latr. with an
Arrangement of the North American Species. <Can. Ent.,
XLV: 213—215.
1914 — Insects of Florida. II. Hemiptera. < Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.

Hist, XXXIII: 495—535.
1914a — New Hemiptera-Heteroptera with Comments upon the Dis-
tribution of Certain Known Forms. <Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
XXII: 164—171.
1917 — Synoptic Keys to the Lygaeidae of the United States. Pt. I.<

Psyche, XXIV: 128—135.
1918— Same. Pt. II.— Rhyparochrominae.< Psyche, XXV: 71—88.
1918a — A New Species of Leptoglossus : A New Blissus and Varieties.

<Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, XIII: 35—39.
1918b — Concerning Lygaeidae. — No. l.<Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
XXVI: 44—46.

'"-For the tull titles of the Periodicals cited, see Parshley (1925, 239 — 252). A
figure in parenthesis, e. g. (4), denotes the number of the series where more than
one has been issued.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED. 1089

1918c— Same.— No. 2.<Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XXVI: 49—66.

1918d — The Genus Plinthisus Latr. in the United States.<Proc. Ent.

Soc. Wash., XX: 108—111.
1918e — Corrections to "New York Scolopostethi."<Ent. News, XXIX:

51—52.
1920 — A New Member of the Family Thaumastocoridae.<Bull. Brook-
lyn Ent. Soc, XV: 98—104.
1921 — Revision of the Genus Lygaeus Fabr.<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,

XXIII: 63—68.
1921a — Revision of the Genus Ligyrocoris Stal.<Journ. N. Y. Ent.

Soc, XXIX: 100—114.
1923— The Lygaeidae.<The Hemiptera of Connecticut: 708—737.
1923a — Report on Certain Families of Hemiptera-Heteroptera Col-
lected by the Barbados-Antigua Expedition from the Univer-
sity of Iowa in 1918.<Univ. Iowa Studies Nat. Hist., X: 17—29.
1923b — A Preliminary Report on the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Porto

Rico Collected by the American Museum of Natural History.<

Am. Mus. Nov., No. 75: 1 — 13.
1924— Two New Species of Cymus.<Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, XIX:

87—90.
1924a— A New Species of PselliopusXProc Ent. Soc. Wash., XXVI:

211—213.
1924b — Corrections and Comments Hemiptera-Heteroptera. <Journ.

N. Y. Ent. Soc, XXXII: 133—137.
1926— A New Geocoris from Illinois. < Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc, XXI:

38—39.
1926a — Notes on Coreidae in the Collection of the U. S. Nat. Mus.,

with Description of a New Catorhintha.<Journ. N. Y. Ent.

Soc, XXXIV: 209—216.
Barber, H. G. & Weiss, H. B.— 1922— The Lace Bugs of New Jersey.<
Circ. 54, Bur. Statistics and Inspection, N. Jer. Dept. Agr. : 1 — 24.
Bare, C. O.— 1925— A New Species of Buenoa.<Ent. News, XXXVI:

225—228.
Berg, Carlos — 1879 — Hemiptera Argentina Enumaravit Speciesque

Novas Descripsit. viii+9+316 pp. Bonariae.
Bergroth, Ewald — 1886 — Zur Kenntniss der Aradiden.<Verh. zool.-bot.
Ges. Wien, XXXVII: 53—60.
1887 — Notes sur quelques Aradides Nouveaux ou peu Connus.<Rev.

d'Ent., VI: 244—247.
1889 — Notes sur quelques Aradides Appartenant au Musee Royal

d'Histoire Naturelle de Bruxelles.<Bull. Soc. Ent. Belgique

clxxx — clxxxii.
1891 — Contributions a 1'etude des Pentatomides.<Rev. d'Ent., X

200—235.
1892 — Notes on the Nearctic Aradidae.<Proc Ent. Soc. Wash., II

332—337.
1892a — Note on the Water-bug found by Rev. L. Zabriskie.< Insect

Life, IV: 321.
1898 — Diagnoses of some New Aradidae.<Ent. Mo. Mag., (2) IX:

100—101.
1898a — Aradidae Americanae Novae vel minus Cognitae.<Wien. Ent.

Zeit., XVII: 26—27.
1905— Rhynchota NeotropicaXRev. d'Ent., XXIV: 104—112.
1906 — Notes on American Hemiptera. I.<Can. Ent., XXXVIII: 198

—202.
1906a — Zur Kenntnis der Ploeariinen.<Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,

LVI: 305—321.
1907 — Notes on American Hemiptera. III. < Ent. News, XVIII: 48 — 51.
1908 — Family Gerridae — Subfamily Halobatinae, in Torre-Bueno,

1908c<Ohio Nat., VIII: 371—382.
1910 — On some Miridae from French Guiana. <Ann. Soc. Entom.

Belgique, LIV: 60—68.
1913 — Notes on American Hemiptera. II.<Can. Ent., XLV: 1 — 8.

1090 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

1913a — On some North American Hemiptera.<Ent. News, XXIV:

263—267.
1913b — Supplementum Catalogi Heteropterorum Bruxellensis. II. <

Mem. Soc. Ent. Belgique, XXII: 125—183.
1914 — Zwei neue Palaearktische Hemipteren, nebst Synonymischen

Mitteilungen.< Wiener Ent. Zeit., XXXIII: 177—184.
1914a — Pentatomides Nouveaux de la Guyane Francaise.<Ann. Soc

Ent. France, LXXXIII : 423— 441.
1915 — Ein neue Ameisengast aus Sudafrika.<Wien. Ent. Zeit.,

XXXIV: 291—292.
1915a — A New Species of Rheumatobates Bergr.<Bull. Brook. Ent.

Soc, X: 62—64.
1922 — On some Neotropical Tingidae.<Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique,

LXII: 149—152.
1922a — The American Species of Ploeariola Reut.<Not. Ent., II:

49—51, 77—81.
1922b — Two New American Ploeariinae.<Konowia, I: 218 — 220.
1924 — On the Isometopidae of N. America.<Not. Ent., IV: 3—9.
1925 — On the "Annectant Bugs" of McAtee and MallochXBull. Brook-
lyn Ent. Soc, XX: 159—164.
BillbeRG, G. J. — 1820 — Enumeratio Insectorum in Museo Billberg. 138

pp. Stockholm.
Blackburn, T. — 1889 — Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian Islands.

<Proc Linn. Soc, New South Wales, (2) III: 349.
Blanchard, Emile — 1840 — Histoire Naturelle des Insects — Vol. 111:85
—218. Paris.
1852— Orden VII.— Hemipteros in Gay's Hist. Nat. des Chile, VII:
113—320.
Blatchley, W. S. — 1895 — Notes on the Winter Insect Fauna of Vigo
County, Ind., II. — Hemiptera-HeteropteraXPsyche, VII: 265—270,

279 281.

1896— Miscellaneous Notes.<Can. Ent., XXVIII: 265— 266.
1902 — A List of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera Taken in the Vicinity of
Ormond, Fla., in March and April, 1899. < A Nature Wooing:
224 — 226. Indianapolis.
1924 — Some Apparently New Heteroptera from Florida. < Ent. News,

XXXV: 85—90.
1925 — Some Additional New Species of Heteroptera from the South-
ern United States, with Characterization of a New Genus. <
Ent. News, XXXVI: 45—52.
1925a— Two Changes of Names. < Ent. News, XXXVI: 245.
1926 — Some New Miridae from the Eastern United States. < Ent.
News. XXXVII: 163—169.
Boheman, C. H. — 1852 — Nya Svenska Hemiptera. < Of v. Sv. Vet.-Ak.

Forh., IX: 49—60, 65—80.
Breddin, Gustav — 1907 — Berytiden und Mvodochiden von Ceylon aus der

Sammelausbeute von Dr. W. Horn. < Deutsche Ent. Zeit.: 34 — 47.
Brimley, C. S. — 1907 — On some HeteroDterous Hemiptera from North

CarolinaXEnt. News, XVIII: 433— 443.
Britton, W. E.— 1923— Guide to the Insects of Connecticut. Pt. IV.—
The Hemiptera or Sucking Insects of Connecticut. < Bull. Conn.
Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., No. 34: 807 pp. Hartford.
Burque. F. X. — 1887 — Descriptions of Certain Species in Provancher,

III, 1886—1890.
Burmeister. H. C. C. — 1835 — Handbuch der Entomologie. — Rhvngota,

Vol. II: ii+400+4 on. Berlin.
Caudell. A. N. — 1901 — The Genus Sinea of Amyot & Serville.<Journ.

N. Y. Ent. Soc. IX: 1—11.
Champion. G. C. — 1897 — 1901 — Insecta. Rhvnchota. Hemiptera-Heter-
optera, Vol. II. In Biologia Centrali-Americana: xvi+416 pp.
London.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED. 1091

Chittenden, F. H. — 1898 — A New Squash Bug.<Can. Ent, XXX: 239
—240.
1899 — Some Insects Injurious to Garden and Orchard Crops. < Bull.

19, N. S., U. S. Div. Entom.: 44—48.
1902 — Some Insects Injurious to Vegetable Crops. < Bull. 33, N. S.,

U. S. Div. Entom.: 1—117.
1908 — The Harlequin Cabbage Bug (Murgantia histrionica Hahn).<
Circ. 103, U. S. Bur. Entom.: 10 pp.
Costa, Achille — 1852 — Cimicum regni Neapolitani Centuriae.<Napoli
Cent., 3—4: 73 pp.
1860 — Additamenta ad Centurias Cimicum Regne Neapolitani. <Sci.

Nat. Napoli: 1—10.
1864 — Descrizione di Taluni Insetti Stranieri all'Europa.<Ann. Mus.
Zool. Napoli, II: 139—157.
Crosby, C. R. & Leonard, M. D.— 1914— The Tarnished Plant Bug.<Bull.

346, Cornell Exp. Sta.: 463—528.
Curtis, John — 1827 — British Entomology, being Illustrations and De-
scriptions of the genera of Insects found in Great Britain and Ire-
land. Vol. II. Heteroptera. London.
1833 — Characters of some Undescribed Genera and Species Indicated
in the "Guide to an Arrangement of British Insects. "<Ent.
Mag., I: 186—199.
Dahlbom, A. G. — 1850 — Anteckningar ofver Insekter, som Blifvit Obser-
verade pa Gottland och i en del af Calmare Lan, under Sommaren,
1850. <Sv. Vet.-Ak. Handl.: 155—229.
Dallas, W. S. — 1851 — List of the Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in
the Collection of the British Museum. Pt. 1 : 1—368 ^o.
1852— Same, Pt. II: 369—592 pp. London.
Davis, W. T. — 1911 — Noteworthy Hemiptera Collected on Long Island,
N. Y.<Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XIX: 112—113.
1912— A New Species of Pselliopus (Milyas).< Psyche, XIX: 20—21.
De Geer, Carl — 1773 — Memoirs pour servir a l'Histoire des Insects. Vol.

Ill, Hemiptera. Stockholm.
Del Ponte, Eduardo — 1920 — Contribucion al Esfudio del gen. Triatoma

Lap., Pt. IXRevista Inst. Bact., II: 729—7441
Dickerson, E. L. & Weiss, H. B.— 1916— The Ash Leaf Bug, Neoborus
amoenus Reut.<Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XXIV: 302—306.
1916a — Notes on Leptoypha mutica Say. < Ent. News, XVII: 308 —
310.
Distant, W. L. — 1880—1893 — Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heter-
optera, Vol. I. In Biologia Centrali-Americana: xx+462 pp. London.
1904— Rhvnchotal Notes.— XX. < Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) XIII:
103—114.
Dohrn, Anton — 1860 — Beitrage zu einer Monographischen Bearbeitung
der Familie der Emesina.<Linnaea Ent., XIV: 206 — 255.
1863— Same. (Zweites Stuck). <Linnaea Ent., XV: 42—76.
Douglas, J. W. & Scott, John — 1865 — The British Hemiptera. Vol. I.
Hemiptera-Heteroptera. xii+627 pp. London.
1867 — British Hemiptera: Additions and Corrections. < Ent. Mo.

Mag., IV: 1—6, 45—52, 93—100.
1871 — British Hemiptera: Additions and Corrections. < Ent. Mo.

Mag., VIII: 23—29, 60—63.
1875 — British Hemiptera: Additions and Corrections. <Ent. Mo.
Mag., XII: 100—102.
Drake, C. J. — 1917 — A Survey of the North American species of Mer-
ragata.<Ohio Journ. Sci., XVII: 101—105.
1918 — Descriptions of Six New Species of Corvthucha in Gibson, 1918.

<Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XLIV: 83. 86, 87, 89, 91, 94.
1918a — The North American Species of Teleonemia Occurring North

of Mexico.<Ohio Journ. Sci., XVIII: 323—332.
1918b — Notes on North American Tingidae.<Bull. Brooklyn Ent.
Soc, XVIII: 86—88.

1092 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

1919 — On some North American Tingidae.<Ohio Journ. Sci., XIX:

417—421.
1919a — An Undescribed Teleonemia from Florida and Jamaica. <

Florida Buggist, III: 24—25.
1919b — A New Species of Velia from Florida. < Florida Buggist, III:

1—2.
1920 — Water-striders New to the Fauna of Ohio, Including a Descrip-
tion of a New Species.<Ohio Journ. Sci., XX: 205 — 208.
1920a — An Undescribed Water-strider from the Adirondacks.<Bull.

Brooklyn Ent. Soc, XV: 19—21.
1921 — Notes on some American Tingidae, with Descriptions of New

Species. < Florida Ent., IV: 49—54.
1922 — On some North and South American Tingidae. < Florida Ent.,

V: 37—43, 48—50.
1922a— A New Species of PleaXOhio Journ. Sci., XXII: 114—116.
1923 — Heteroptera of the Cranberry Lake Region, New York.<Tech.

Publ. No. 16, N. Y. St. Coll. of Forestry: 54—86.
1925 — Concerning some Tingitidae from the Gulf States. < Florida

Ent., IX: 36—39.
1926 — The North American Tingitidae described by Stal.<Ann.
Carnegie Mus., XVI, Nos. 3—4: 375—380.
Drake, C. J. & Harris, H. M. — 1926 — Notes on American Anthocoridae
with Descriptions of New Species. <Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 39:
33—45.
Drake, C. J. & Hottes, F. C. — 1925 — Four Undescribed Species of Water-
striders. < Ohio Journ. Sci., XXV: 46—50.
1925a — Five New Species and a New Variety of Water-striders from
North America. <Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 38: 69 — 74.
Drury, Drew — 1770 — 1782 — Illustrations of Natural History. 3 vols.

London.
Dufour, Leon — 1831 — Description et Figure du Xylocoris rufipennis,
Hemiptere Nouveau.<Ann. Sci. Nat., XXII: 423 — 426.
1833 — Memoire sur les Genres Xylocoris, Leptopus et Velia. <Ann.

Soc. Ent. France. (1) II: 104—118.
1863 — Essai Monographique sur les Belostomides.<Ann. Soc. Ent.
France, (4) III: 373—400.
Emmons, E. — 1854 — Natural History of New York. Agriculture, Vol. 5,

Insects, viii-f-272 pp. Albany.
Englehardt, G. P. — 1912 — Early Spring Collecting. < Journ. N. Y. Ent.

Soc, XX: 221—222.
Escholtz, J. F. — 1822 — Entomographien. Lief. I: 128 pp. Berlin.
Fabricius, J. C. — 1775 — Systema Entomologiae Sistens Insectorum, Syn-
onymis, etc. 32+832 pp. Flensburgi et Lipsiae.
1777 — Genera Insectorum eorumque Characteres Naturales, etc. 144-

310 pp. Chilonii.
1781 — Species Insectorum Exhibentes eorum Differentias Specificas,

etc. 2 vols. Hamburgi et Kilonii.
1790— Nova Insecta Genera. <Skrift. Nat. Selsk. Kjobenhaven, I: 227.
1794 — Entomologia Systematica Emendata et Aucta, Secundum

Classes, etc. 4 vols. Hafniae.
1798 — Supplementum Entomologia Systematic. 2-1-527 pp. Hafniae.
1803 — Svstema Rhyngotorum Secundum Ordines, Genera, Species, etc.
VI+314 pp. Brunsvigae. Hafniae.
Fallen. Carl F. — 1807 — -Monographie Cimicum Sueciae. 123 pp. New
edition, 1823. Hafniae.
1814 — Specimen novam Hemiptera Disponendi Methodum Exhibens.

26 pp. Lund.
1814a — Hydrocorides et Naucorides Sueciae. 8 pp. Lund.
1828 — 1829 — Hemiptera Sueciae. Cimicides eorumque Familiae Af-
fines. 1828: 1—16; 1829: 17—188. London.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED. 1093

Fieber, F. X. — 1836 — Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Schnabelkerfe (Rhyn-
chota).<Beitr. Ges. Nat. Heilwiss., I: 97—111, 337—355.
1844 — Entomologische Monographien.<Abh. bohm. Ges. Wiss. Prag,

(5) III: 18—80, 227—416.
1848 — Synopsis aller Bisher in Europa entdeckten Arten der Gattung

Corisa.<Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, XXI, No. 1: 505—539.
1851 — Rhynchotographien, drei Monographische Abhandlungen.<Abh.

bohm. Ges. Wiss. Prag> (5) VII: 53—61, 424—488.
1851a — Species generis Corisa Monographice Dispositae.<Abh. bohm.

Ges. Wiss. Prag, (5) VII: 213—260.
1858 — Critirien zur Generischen Theilung der Phytocoriden (Capsini

aut).<Wien. Ent. Monat., II: 289—327, 329—347.
1859 — Die Europaischen Arten der Gattung Salda Fab.<Wien. Ent.

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1860 — 1861 — Die Europaischen Hemiptera. Halbflugler. Nach der
Analytischen Methode Bearbeitet. 1860: 1—112; 1861, III —
VI: 113—444. Wien.
1860a— Exegesen in HemipterenXWien. Ent. Monat., IV: 257—272.
1861a — Die Gattung Ophthalmicus, Monographisch nach der Analy-
tischen Methode Bearbeitet. < Wien. Ent. Monat., V: 266 — 285.
1863 — Erorterungen zur Nomenclatur der Rhynchoten Livland's.<

Wien. Ent. Monat., VII: 53—62.
1864 — Neuere Entdeckungen in Europaischen Hemipteren.<Wien.
Ent. Monat., VIII: 65—86, 205—234, 321—335.
Fitch, Asa — 1856 — Third Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and other
Insects of the State of New York.<Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc, XVI:
315—490.
1857— Fourth Report, same. < Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc, XVII: 687—814.
1861— The Quince TingisXCountry Gentleman, XVII: 25.
Flor, Gustav — 1860 — 1861 — Die Rhynchoten Livlands in Systematischer
Folge Beschrieben.<Arch. Naturk. Liv.-Ehst. und Kurlands, (2)
III: 1—825.
Forbes, S. A. — 1900 — The Economic Entomology of the Sugar Beet.<
Twenty-first Rept. State Entom. 111.: 49—184.
1905 — A Monograph of Insects Injurious to Indian Corn.<Twenty-
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Forster, J. R. — 1771 — Nova Species Insectorum; Centuria I. 8+100 pp.

London.
Fourcroy, A. F. — 1785 — Entomologia Parisiensis; Sive Catalogus In-
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Fracker, S. B. — 1913 — A Systematic Outline of the Reduviidae of North
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1918— The Alvdinae of the United States.<Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., XI:
255—280.
Fracker, S. B. & Bruner, S. C. — 1924 — Notes on some Neotropical Redu-

viidae.<Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., XVII: 163—174.
Fyles, T. W.— 1903— Aradus luteolus, n. sp.<Can. Ent., XXXV: 75—76.
Garman, H. — 1891 — Oebalus pugnax, an Enemy of Grasses. < Psyche, VI:

61.
Garman, H. & Jewett, H. H.— 1914— The Life History and Habits of the
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Sta.: 585—588.
Geoffroy, E. L. — 1785 — Descriptions of New Species in Fourcroy, 1785, 1.
Germar, E. F. — 1812 — 18471"0 — Fauna Insectorum Europae. 24 fascicles,
each with 25 pis. and 1 p. text. Halae.
1837 — Hemiptera Heteroptera Promontorii Bonae Spei nondum De-
scripta, quae Collegit C. F. Drege.<Silb. Rev. Ent., V: 121 —
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1839 — Beitrage zur einer Monographie der Schildwanzen.<Zeits. Ent.,
I: 1—146.

100The numerous citations to Germar between these two dates, with the excep-
tion of the two below given, refer to this work.

1094 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

Giard, A. — 1892-^Sur un Hemiptere Heteroptere (Halticus minutus
Reut.) qui Ravage les Arachides en Cochinchine.<C. R. Soc. Biol.,
(9) IV: 79—82.
Gibson, E. H. — 1917 — Key to the Species of Leptoglossus Guer. Occur-
ing North of Mexico. < Psyche, XXIV: 69 — 73.

1917a — The Genus Harmostes Burm.<Ent. News, XXVIII: 439 450.

1918 — The Genus Corythucha StaKTrans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XLIV:

69—104.
1919 — Notes on the North American Species of Corizus.<Can. Ent.,

LI: 81—92.
1919a — The Genus Gargaphia StaKTrans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XLV:
187—201.
Gibson, E. H. & Holdridge, A,,— 1918— Notes on the North and Central
American Species of Acanthocephala Lap.<Can. Ent., L: 237 — 240.
1918a — The Genus Narnia Stal and a Key to the Genera of Anisos-
celini A. & S.<Psyche, XXV: 1—4.
Gillette, C. P. & Baker, C. F.— 1895— A Preliminary List of the Hemip-
tera of Colorado. < Bull. 31, Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Ser. No. 1,
137 pp.
Girault, A. A.— 1906— The Method of Feeding in Leptoglossus. < Ent.

News, XVII:, 382— 383.
Glover, Townend^— 1876 — Manuscript Notes from my Journal or Illus-
trations of Insects. Order Hemiptera, Suborder Heteroptera or
Plant Bugs. 2+10+133 pp. Washington.
Goeze, J. A. E. — 1778 — Entomologische Beitrage zu des Ritter Linne

Zwoelften Ausgabe des Natursystems, Vol. II. Leipzig.
Gmelin, J. F.— 1788— 1793— Caroli a Linne systema naturae. Tome I,

Vol. IV: 2,041—2,224.
Gray, G. R. — 1832— [New Species of Insects of all the Orders] in Grif-
fith's Animal Kingdom, Vols. XIV — XV. London.
Guerin-Meneville, F. E — 1844 — Iconographie du Regne Animal de G.
Cuvier, etc. Vol. 7. Paris.
1838 — Insects in Duperry's Voyage Autour du Monde sur la Coquille,

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1096 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

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1918 — The Meadow Plant Bug, Miris dolabratus.<Journ. Agr. Re-
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Osborn, H. & Drake, C. J. — 1915 — Additions and Notes on the Hemip-
tera-Heteroptera of Ohio.<Ohio Nat., XV: 501—508.
1916— The Tingitoidea or "Lace-bugs" of Ohio.<Bull. Ohio St. Univ.,

XX, No. 35: 213—251.
1916a — Some New Species of Nearctic Tingidae.<Ohio Journ. Sci.,

XVII: 9—15.
1917 — Notes on American Tingidae with Descriptions of New Species.

<Ohio Journ. Sci., XVII: 295—307.
1917a— Notes on Tingidae. < Psyche, XXIV: 155—161.
Oshanin, B. — 1912 — Katalog der Palaearktischen Hemipteren. xvi-(-187

pp. Berlin.
Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J. — 1805 — 1821 — Insectes Recueillis en

Afrique et en Amerique, etc. 267 pp., 90 pis. Paris.
Panzer, G. W. F. — 1793 — 1813 — Faunae Insectorum Germanicae, etc.

Heft 1—109. Nurnberg.
Parshley, H. M. — 1914 — List of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Maine.
<Psyche, XXI: 139—149.
1915 — Systematic Papers on New England Hemiptera. II. Synopsis

of the PentatomidaeXPsyche, XXII: 170—177.
1916 — New and Noteworthy Hemiptera from New England. < Ent.

News, XXVII: 103—106.
1916a — On some Tingidae from New England. <Psyche, XXIII:

163—168.
1917 — Fauna of New England. No. 14. List of the Hemiptera-
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125 pp.
1917a — Insects in Ocean Drift. I. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. <Can.

Ent, XLIX: 45—48.
1917b — Notes on North American Tingidae. < Psyche, XXIV: 13 — 25.
1917c — A Species of Macrotracheliella found in New England. < Ent.

News, XXVIII: 37—38.
1918— Hemipterological Notes. < Psyche, XXV: 64 — 65.
1918a — Descriptions of Three New Species in Gibson, 1918.<Trans.

Amer. Ent. Soc, XLIV: 82, 86, 92.
1919 — On some Hemiptera from Western Canada. <Occas. Papers,

Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, No. 71: 35 pp.
1920 — Hemiptera from Peaks Island, Maine, collected by G. A.

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1920a — HemiDterological Notices. I. (Tingidae). <Ent News XXXI-

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1921 — Essay on the American Species of Aradus. <Trans. Amer. Ent.

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1921a — On the Genus Microvelia Westwood.<Bull. Brooklyn Ent

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1922 — Report on a Collection of Hemiptera-Heteroptera from South

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Sixteen Families.<The Hemiptera of Connecticut, pp. 383

385; 665—674; 692—707; 737—783.

1102 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

1923a — The Distribution and Forms of Lygaeus kalmii Stal with Re-
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1925 — A Bibliography of the North American Hemiptera-Heteroptera.
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Reuter, O. M. — 1871 — Acanthtiidae AmericanaeXOfv. Sv. Vet.-Ak.

Forh., XXVIII: 557—568.

1873 — Nabidae Novae et Minus Cognitae. Bidrag till Nabidernas

KannedomXOfv. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., XXIX, No. 6: 76—96.

1873a — Skandinaviens och Finlands NabiderXOfv. Sv. Vet.-Ak.

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1874 — Remarques Synonymiques sur quelques HeteropteresXAnn.

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1882 — Monographia Generis Oncocephalus Proximeque AffiniumX

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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED. 1103

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1912a — Hemipterologische Miscellen.<Ofv. Finska Vet.-Soc. Forh.,

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1912b — Bemerkungen ueber mein neues Heteropterensystem.<Ofv.

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1913 — Amerikanische Miriden. <Ofv. Finska Vet.-Soc. Forh., LV,

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BryocorineXAnn. Soc. Ent. Belgique, LVII: 278 — 279.
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1920— Migratory Responses of Water-striders During Severe

DroughtsXBull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, XV: 1—10.
1922 — Droughts and Cannibalistic Responses of the Water-strider,

Gerris marginatus SayXBull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, XVII:

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1922a — Food During Captivity of the Water-striders, G. remigis Say
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Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. O. — 1889— The Red Bug or Cotton StainerX
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1104 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

Sahlberg, R. F. — 1842 — Nova Species Generis Phytocoris (Fallen), ex
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Sahlberg, J. R. — 1871 — Hemiptera Heteroptera Samlade under en resa i
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Sanderson, E. D.— 1904— Insects of 1903 in Texas. < Bull. 46, U. S. Div.

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Saunders, Wm. — 1883 — Insects Injurious to Fruits. 436 pp. Philadel-
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Say, Thomas — 1824 — 1828 — American Entomology. Vols. I— III. Phila-
delphia.
1824a — Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's
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1825 — Descriptions of New Hemipterous Insects Collected in the Ex-
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LongXJourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, IV: 307—345.
1831 — 1832 — Descriptions of New Species of Heteropterous Hemip-
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1831a — New Species of North American Insects, found by Joseph

Barabino, chiefly in Louisiana. 16 pp. New Harmony, Ind.
1859 — The Complete Writings of Thomas Say on the Entomology of
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Schilling, P. S. — 1829 — Hemiptera Heteroptera Silesiae Svstematice

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Scholtz, H. — 1846— Prodromus zu einer Rhynchoten-Fauna von Schle-
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Schouteden, H. — 1904 — Descriptions de Scutelleriens nouveaux ou peu
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1905 — 1906 — Heteroptera. Fam. Pentatomidae. Subfam. Graphoso-
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Scopoli, J. A. — 1763 — Entomologia Carniolica Exhibens Insecta Carni-
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Severin, H. P. & H. C. — 1911 — An Experimental Study on the Death-
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1911a — Habits of Belostoma flumineum Say and Nepa apiculata
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Sherman, Franklin — 1905 — The Flat-bugs (Aradidae) of North Caro-
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Signoret, V. — 1852 — Notice sur quelques Hemipteres Nouveaux ou peu
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1858 — Description d'un nouveau genre de la tribu des Longicoxes
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1859 — Monographie du genre Corizus.<Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (3)

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1881 — 1884 — Revision du Groupe des Cydnides de la Famille des
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Slosson, Mrs. A. T.— 1908— A Hunt for Saldoida Osborn.<Ent. News,

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Smith, John B. — 1910 — A Report on the Insects of New Jersey. —

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Spinola, M. — 1840 — Essai sur le Insectes Hemipteres, Rhyngotes, ou
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1850 — Tavola sinottica dei Generi Spettanti, etc. 138 pp. Modena.
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1855— Nya Hemiptera.<Ofv. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., XII: 181—192.
1858 — Beitrag zur Hemipteren-Fauna Sibirens und des Russischen

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1859— Till Kannedomen om Coreida.<Ofv. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., XVI

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1859a — Hemiptera. Species Novas. <Konglika Sv. Freg. Eug., Ill

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1859— Till Kannedomen om Coreida.<Ofv. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., XVI

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1859c — Novae quaedam Fulgorinorum formae speciesque Insigniores.

<Berliner Ent. Zeit., Ill: 313—328.
1860 — 1862 — Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-traktens Hemipter-fauna.<

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1861 — Nova Methodus Familias quasdam Hemipterorum Disponende.

<Ofv. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., XVIII: 195—212.
1862 — Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit.<
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1862a — Synopsis Coreidum et Lygaeidum Sueciae.<Ofv. Sv. Vet.-Ak.,

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1864 — 1866 — Hemiptera Africana. Vols. I — III, Heteroptera. Stock-
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1864a — Hemiptera nonnulla nova vel minus Cognita.<Ann. Soc. Ent.

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1866 — Bidrag till Reduviidernas Kannedom.<Ofv. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Forh.,

XXIII, No. 9: 235—302.
1866a — Analecta Hemipterologica.< Berliner Ent. Zeit., X: 151 — 172,

381—394.
1867 — Bidrag till Hemipterernas Systematik.<Ofv. Sv. Vet.-Ak.

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1868— Hemiptera Fabriciana.<Svenska Vet.-Ak., Handl., VII, No. II:

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1870 — 1876 — Enumeratio Hemipterorum.110<Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl.,

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linThe citations to Stal between the years 1870 and 1876, with the exception of
the three which follow, refer to this work.

1106 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

Swederus, N. S. — 1787 — Et nytt Genus, och Femtio nya Species af In-

sekter Beskrifne.<Vet.-Ak. Nya Handl., VIII: 181—201, 276—290.

Thomas, Cyrus — 1865 — Insects Injurious to Vegetation in Illinois. <

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Thunberg, C. P. — 1781 — 1891 — Dissertatio Entomologica novas Insecto-

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Torre-Bueno, J. R. DE LA — 1902 — Notes on the Notonectidae of the Vicin-
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1903 — Brief Notes Toward the Life History of Pelocoris femorata

Pal. B. with a few Remarks on Habits. <Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc,

XI: 166—173.
1903a — Notes on the Stridulation and Habits of Ranatra fusca.<Can.

Ent., XXXV: 235—237.
1904 — A List of Certain Families of Hemiptera Occurring within

Seventy Miles of New YorkXJourn. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XII: 251

253

1905— Notes on Hydrometra martini Kirk. < Can. Ent., XXXVII: 12

—15.
1905a — The Genus Notonecta in America North of Mexico. <Journ.

N. Y. Ent. Soc, XIII: 143—167.
1905b— Same Title as 1904.<Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XIII: 29—47.
1905c — The Tonal Apparatus of Ranatra quadridentata Stal.<Can.

Ent., XXXVII: 85—87.
1905d — The Three Ranatras of the Northeastern United States. <

Can. Ent. XXXVII: 187—188.
1905e — Nerthra stygica Say and some Notes on the Family Gelasto-

coridaeXOhio Nat., V: 287—290.
1906 — Life Histories of North American Water Bugs. I. — Ranatra

quadridentata StalXCan. Ent., XXXVIII: 242—252.
1906a — Same Title. II. — Belostoma fluminea Say.<Can. Ent.,

XXXVIII: 189—197.
1907 — On some Heteropterous Hemiptera from North Carolina. <

Ent. News, XVIII: 433—443. (See Brimley).
1907a— On Rhagovelia obesa UhlerXCan. Ent., XXXIX: 61—64.
1907b — Two Undescribed Water Bugs from the United States. < Can.

Ent., XXXIX: 225—228.
1908— Notes on Heteroptera.<Can. Ent., XL: 165—167.
1908a — Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Westchester Co., N. Y.<Journ.

N. Y. Ent. Soc, XVI: 223—238.
1908b — The Broken Hemelytra in Certain Halobatinae.<Ohio Nat.,

VIII: 389—392.
1908c — On the Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Hemiptera Collected by J. S.

Hine in Guatemala. < Ohio Nat., VIII: 370—382.
1909 — European Heteroptera Supposed to Occur in America. <Can.

Ent., XLI: 401—402.
1909a— The Notonectid Genus Buenoa Kirkaldy.<Journ. N. Y. Ent.

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1910 — Westchester Heteroptera. — II. Additions, Corrections and New

Records. <Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XVIII: 22—33.
1911 — The Gerrids of the Atlantic States (Subfamily Gerrinae).<

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXXVII: 243—252.
1912 — Nezara viridula, an Hemipteron New to the Northeastern

United StatesXEnt. News, XXIII: 316—318.
1912a — A New Corizus from the Northeastern United States. <Ent.

News, XXIII: 217—219.
1912b — Three Days in the Pines of Yaphank. Records of Captures of

Hemiptera Heteroptera. < Can. Ent., XLIV: 209—212.
1913 — Remarks on the Distribution of Heteroptera. < Can. Ent., XLV:

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1915— Heteroptera in Beach DriftXEnt. News, XXVI: 274—279.
1916— A New Tingid from New York StateXBull. Brooklyn Ent.

Soc, XI: 39—40.

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1916a— The Veliinae of the Atlantic StatesXBull. Brooklyn Ent.
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1917— New York Scolopostethi.<Ent. News, XXVIII: 65—68.

1917a — A New Species of Tingid from New YorkXBull. Brooklyn
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1917b — Life History and Habits of the Larger Water-strider, Gerris
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1917c — Life History and Habits of the Margined Water-strider, Ger-
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1920 — Notes on the Heidemann Collection of Heteroptera at Cornell
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1921— New Records of Florida Bugs.<Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, XVI:
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1923 — The Reduviidae and the Families of Semiaquatic and Aquatic
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1924 — A Preliminary Survey of the Species of Microvelia of the West-
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1891 — Hemiptera Collected in Southern Michigan. <Proc Ent. Soc
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1861 — Descriptions of Four Species of Hemiptera Collected by the
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1861a — Descriptions of a few new species of Hemiptera and Observa-
tions upon some already Described. <Proc Ent. Soc. Philadel-
phia, I: 21—24.

1862 — Notes on the Hemiptera in Harris' "Insects Injurious to Vegeta-
tion."

1863 — Hemipterological Contributions. No. KProc Ent. Soc. Phil-
adelphia, II: 155—162.

1863a — Hemipterological Contributions, No. 2.<Proc Ent. Soc. Phil-
adelphia, II: 361—366.

1870 — [Podisus plaeiduslXAmer. Ent., II: 203.

1871 — Notices of some Heteroptera in the Collection of Dr. T. W.
Harris. <Proc Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV: 93—109.

1872 — Notices of the Hemiptera of the Western Territories of the
U. S., Chieflv from the Surveys of Dr. F. V. Hayden.< Prelim.
Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Montana: 392—423. Washington.

1872a — A List of Hemiptera Collected in eastern Colorado and north-
eastern New Mexico, etc<U. S. Geol. Surv. Wyoming: 471 —
472.

1875 — Report upon the Collections of Hemiptera made in Portions of
Nevada. Utah, etcXRept. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., V:
829—842.

1108 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

1876 — List of Hemiptera of the Region West of the Mississippi River,
including those Collected during the Hayden Explorations of
1873.<Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., (2) I: 269—361.

1877 — Report upon the Insects Collected by P. R. CJhler during the
Explorations of 1875, including Monographs of the Families
Cydnidae and Saldae, etc. < Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr.,
Ill: 355—475, 765—801.

1878 — Notices of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera in the Collection of the
late T. W. Harris, M. D.<Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX:
365—446.

1884 — Order VI. — Hemiptera: sub-order III. — Heteroptera.< Stand-
ard Natural History, II: 249—296.

1886 — Check List of the Hemiptera Heteroptera of North America.
34 pp. Brooklyn.

1887 — Observations on some North American Capsidae.<Ent. Amer.,
II: 229—231.

1887a — Observations on some Capsidae with Descriptions of a few-
new Species. No. 2.<Ent. Amer., Ill: 29 — 35.

1887b — Observations on North American Capsidae with Descriptions
of New Species. No. 3.<Ent. Amer., Ill: 67 — 72.

1887c — Observations on Capsidae with Descriptions of New Species.
No. 4.<Ent. Amer., Ill: 149—151.

1889 — Observations upon the Heteroptera Collected in southern
Florida by E. A. Schwarz.<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I: 142—143.

1890 — Observations on North American Capsidae with Descriptions
of New Species. No. 5. < Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., I:
73—88.

1891 — Observations on some Remarkable Forms of Capsidae. <Pi-oc.
Ent. Soc. Wash., II: 119—123.

1892 — Observations on some Remarkable Heteroptera of North
America. < Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., 1:179 — 184.

1893 — A List of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera Collected in the Island
of St. Vincent by Herbert H. Smith, etc.<Proc. Zool. Soc.
London: 705—719.

1893a — Summary of the Collection of Hemiptera Secured by Mr.
E. A. Schwarz in Utah.<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., II: 366—385.

1894 — Observations upon the Heteronterous-Hemiptera of Lower
California, with Descriptions of New Species. <Proc. California
Acad. Sci., (2) IV: 223—295.

1894a — On the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Island of Grenada, West
Indies. <Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894: 167 — 224.

1894b — A List of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Families Antho-
coridae and Ceratocombidae Collected by H. H. Smith in the
Island of St. VincentXProc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894: 156—160.

1895 — Descriptions of New Hemiptera in Gillette & Baker, 1895.

1896 — Summary of the Hemiptera of Japan Presented to the U. S.
National Museum by Prof. Mitzukuri.<Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XIX: 255—297.

1897 — Descriptions of Podisus placidus and Euschistus politus in
Kirkland, 1897a.

1897a — Contributions towards a Knowledge of the Hemiptera-Heter-
optera of North America, No. l.< Trans. Marvland Acad. Sci.,
I: 383—394.

1899— A New Destructive Capsid.<Ent. News, X: 59.

1901 — Some New Genera and Species of North American Hemiptei'a.
<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV: 507—515.

1904 — List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Las Vegas, Hot Springs. New
Mexico, Collected bv E. A. Schwarz and H. S. Baker. <Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII: 349—364.
Van Duzee, E. P. — 1888 — Mimicry in Hemiptera. < Psyche, V: 27 — 28.

1894 — A List of the Hemiptera of Buffalo and Vicinity. < Bull. Buf-
falo Soc. Nat. Sci., V: 167—204.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED. 1109

1904 — Annotated List of the Pentatomidae Recorded from America
North of Mexico, with Descriptions of some New Species.<
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXX: 1—80.

1905 — List of the Hemiptera Taken in the Adirondack Mountains. <
Twentieth Rept. N. Y. St. Entom.: 546—556.

1906 — New North American Heteroptera.<Ent. News, XVII: 384 —
391.

1907 — Notes on Jamaican Hemiptera: A Report on a Collection of
Hemiptera made on the Island of Jamaica in the spring of
1906.<Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., VIII: 1—79.

1908 — List of Hemiptera taken by W. J. Palmer, about Quinze Lake,
Quebec, in 1907.<Can. Ent., XL: 109—116, 157—160.

1909 — Observations on some Hemiptera taken in Florida in the spring
of 1908.<Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., IX: 149—230.

1909a — North American Heteroptera.<Ent. News, XX: 231 — 234.

1909b — Synonymical and Descriptive Notes on North American Heter-
ontera.<Can. Ent, XLI: 369—375.

1910 — Descriptions of some New or Unfamiliar North American
Hemiptera.<Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXXVI: 73—88.

1912 — Synonvmv of the Provancher Collection of Hemiptera. <Can.
Ent., XLIV: 317—329.

1912a — Hemipterological Gleanings. <Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., X:
477—512.

1914 — Nomenclatural and Critical Notes on Hemiptera. < Can. Ent.,
XLVI: 377—389.

1914a — A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego Co., Cali-
fornia.<Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., II: 1 — 57.

1915 — New Genera and Species of North American Hemiptera. <
Pomona Journ. Ent. Zool., VII: 109—121.

1916 — Check List of 'the Hemiptera of America, North of Mexico.
xi+111 pp. New York.

1916a — Svnoptical Kevs to the Genera of the North American Miridae.
<Univ. California Pubs. Ent., I: 199—216.

1916b — Monograph of the North American Species of Orthotylus.<
Proc. California Acad. Sci.. (4) VI: 87—128.

1916c — Review of the Genus Macrotylus Fieb.<Pomona Journ. Ent.
Zool., VIII: 5—11.

1916d — Notes on some Hemiptera taken near Lake Tahoe, California.
<Tech. Bull. Univ. California Agr. Exp. Sta., I: 229—249.

1917 — Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico, Ex-
cepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae.<Univ. Cali-
fornia Pubs. Ent., II: xiv+902 pp.

1918 — New Species of Hemiptera, Chiefly from California. < Proc.
California Acad. Sci., (4) VIII: 271—308.

1920— New Hemipterous Insects of the Genera Aradus, Phytocoris
and Camptobrochys.<Proc. California Acad. Sci., (4) IX:
331—356.

1921 — Characters of some New Species of North American Hemipter-
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(4) XI: 111—134.

1921a — Our North American Soecies of Strongylocoris.<Proc. Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., (4) XI: 135—136.

1923 — A Rearrangement of Our North American Thyreocorinae.<
Ent. News. XXXIV: 302—305.

1923a — Notes on Lygaeus kalmii Stal and AlliesXCan. Ent. IV: 214.

1923b — Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf
of California in 1921. The Hemiptera. <Proc. California Acad.
Sci., (4) XII: 123—200.
Vestal, A. G. — 1913 — An Associational Study of Illinois Sand Prairie.<
Bull. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., X:l— 96.

1110 HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

Vollenhoven, S. C. S. — 1868 — Diagnosen van eenige nieuwe soorten van
Hemiptera-Heteroptera.<Versl. Med. Ak. Wetens., Afd. Nat., (2)
II: 172—188.
Walker, Francis — 1867 — 1873 — Catalogue of the Specimens of Hemip-
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Wallengren, H. D. J. — 1894 — Revision af slagtet Corisa Latr. betraf-

fande dess Skandinaviska arter.<Ent. Tidskr., XV: 129 — 164.
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1924a — Notes on Corythucha marmorata Uhler in New Jersey.<Ent.
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Microphysa, Leptopus, Velia, Microvelia, Hebrus, etc.<Ann. Soc.
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1877 — Descriptions of New Species of Heteropterous Hemiptera Col-
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1879 — List of the Hemiptera Collected in the Amazons by Prof. J. W.
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Wickham, H. F. — 1909 — Notes on a Thread-legged BugXOttawa Nat.,
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1910— A Note on Emesa longipesXEnt. News, XXI: 27—30.
Wirtner, P. M. — 1904 — A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of Western
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Lipsiae.
Zimmer, J. F. — 1910 — Two New Species of Pentatomidae from Nebraska.
<Can. Ent., XLII: 166—167.
1911 — The Pentatomidae of NebraskaXUniv. Nebraska, Contr. Dept.
Ent. No. 4: 219—251. Author's Separate: 1—33.

GENERAL INDEX.

1111

General Index.

Superfamilies end in deae ; families in idae ; subfamilies in inae ; tribes in ini.
Species are indexed only where a genus is represented by five or more, when they are
placed under the generic name. Preoccupied names and synonyms are in italics.

Page.

Acalypta 480.

Acalyptini 479.

Acanthiidae 1002.

Acanthocephala 213.

Acanthocephalini 213.

Acanthocheila 479.

Acantholoma 50.

Acanthosomina? 204.

Acholla 583.

Acrosternum 160.

Adelphocoris 744.

v-Ethus 83.

Aknisus 334.

Alcaeorrhynchus 183.

Alepidea 817.

Alepidiella 817.

Alveotingis 486.

Ali/dus 264.

Amnestus 85.

paJlidus 88.

pusillus 87.

pusio 88.

spinifrons 86.

jubferrugineus 89.

Anasa 248.

andresii 250.

armigera 251.

repetita 252.

scorbutica 251.

tristis 249.

Aneurus 327.

fiskei 331.

inconstans 329.

minutus 330.

politus 328.

septentrionalis 330.

simplex 329.

tenuicornis 328.

Anisoscelini 219.

Anthocoridap 621.

Anthocorinae 633.

Anthocoris 634.

Antillocoris 422.

Apateticus 192.

Aphanus 427.

Apiomerinse 564.

Apiomerus 564.

Apocremnus 955.

Aradidae 287.

Aradinas 288.

Aradus 288.

abbas 312.

acutus 303.

aequalis 291.

approximatus 305.

basalis 301.

borealis 309.

breviatus 312.

brunnicornis 311.

cincticornis 299.

cinnamomeus 314.

consors 302.

crenatus 291.

curticollis 296.

debilis 298.

duzeei 295.

falleni 314.

funestus 310.

gracilicornis 313.

implanus 296.

inornatus 304.

insignitus 308.

lugubris 310.

montanus 298.

niger

316.

ornatus 293.

proboscideus 300.

Page.

quadrilineatus 292.

robustus 294.

shermani 304.

similis 302.

tuberculifer 309.

uniannulatus 313.

uniformis 308.

Archimerus 230.

Arctocorixa 1068.

abjecta ...: 1075.

alternata 1076.

bilineata 1077.

bradleyi 1075.

calva 1078.

compressa 1078.

convexa 1072.

decorata 1071.

dubia 1072.

edulis 1075.

erichsonii 1078.

gordita 1079.

harrisii 1070.

hydatotrephes 1074.

interrupta 1069.

kennicottii 1072.

laevigata 1086.

lateralis 1079.

lineata 1079.

lobata 1071.

lucida 1072.

modesta 1079.

nitida 1070.

obliqua 1070.

ornata 1071.

parshleyi 1077.

pectenata 1080.

planifrons 1073.

scabra 1080.

seriata 1074.

sigmoidea 1080.

signata 1077.

stagnalis 1080.

trilineata 1076.

vulgaris 1071.

vulnerata 1081.

Arhaphe 440.

Arilus 581.

Arvelius 171.

Asopinae 178.

Asthenidea 630.

Atheas 494.

Atrachelus 577.

Atractotomus 963.

Aufeius 274.

Banasa 163.

calva 166.

dimidiata 165.

euchlora 168.

lenticularis 165.

packardi 167.

sordida 167.

Barberiella 795.

Barce 532.

Belonochilus 355.

Belostoma 1045.

Belostomatidae 1041.

Benacus 1042.

Beosini 423.

Bcrytiflae 332.

Blepharidopterus 847.

Blissinae 863.

Blissus 369.

Bolteria 743.

Bothynotus 881.

Brachysteles 640.

Brepholoxa 175.

Page.
Brochymena 95.

arborea 97.

cariosa 100.

carolinensis 102.

marginella 103.

myops 100.

pallida 101.

poeyi 97.

punctata 102.

quadripustulata ... 98.

Bryocorinas 866.

Burtinus 263.

Buenoa 1056.

carinata 1058.

elegans 1059.

limnocastoris 1059.

macrotibialis 1060.

margaritacea 1057.

scimitra 1058.

Calocoris 746.

Callicorixa 1066.

Calisius 317.

Camirus 49.

Camptobrochis 888.

histrio 891.

nebulosus 889.

nubilus 889.

ornatus 890.

pcecilus 890.

Campylomma 948.

Capsaria 751.

Capsidce 660.

Capsinae 681.

Capsini 689.

Capsus 752.

Cardiastethus 642.

Carthasina? 538.

Carthasis 539.

Catorhintha 244.

Ceraleptus 254.

Ceratocapsini 819.

Ceratocapsus 821

advenus 823.

digitulus 829.

drakei 828.

fasciatus 822.

fuscinus 828.

incisus 829.

lutescens 822.

luteus 825.

minutus 824.

modestus 822.

nigellus 825.

nigrocephalus 823.

pilosus 824.

pumilus 826.

punctulatus 827.

rufistigmus 829.

sericus 825.

setosus 827.

vicinus 825.

Ceratocombus 647.

Chariesterini 238.

Chariesterus 238.

Chartoscirta 1016.

Chelinidea 240.

Chelinidini 240.

Chelysoma 41.

Chlamydatus 946.

Chlorochroa 111.

Chondrocera 219.

Cimicidae 616.

Cimicinae 616.

Cimex 617..

Cimolus 253

Clivinemina? 876.

1112

HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

Page.

Cnemodus 411.

i (occobaphes 754.

i ii nus 146.

Collaria 660.

Coquillettla 917.

Corecoris 235.

Coreidae 208.

Coreinae 212.

Coreini 242.

Coreoideae 207.

Corimela?nidae 58.

Corimelsena 65.

agrella 70.

anthracina 66.

harti 70.

lateralis 66.

marginella 67.

Coriomerus 255.

Coriscid;e 256.

Coriscini 260.

Coriscus 264.

Corticoris 655.

Corixa 1083.

burmeisteri 1086.

macroceps 1084.

minima 1085.

pulchra 1085.

reticulata 1084.

sellaris 1086.

verticalis 1084.

Corixidae 1062.

Corixidea 650.

Corizidae 270.

Corizini 270.

Corizus 276.

bohemanii 282.

crassicornis 277.

hirtus 283.

hyalinus 279.

lateralis 281.

punctatus 282.

sida? 280.

viridicatus 278.

Corythaica 470.

('orytbucha 453.

Eesculi 465.

areuata 464.

associata 456.

baccharidis 463.

bellula 458.

bulbosa 455.

celtidis 468.

ciliata 458.

contracta 467.

coryli 455.

cydoniae 455.

elegans 450.

exigua 467.

floridana 450

gossypii ... 160.

heidemanni 457.

juglandis 466.

marmorata 462.

mollicula 461.

pallida 459.

palllpes 457.

pergandei 466.

pruni 465.

ulmi 464.

< Josmopepla L51.

Creontiades 731.

Criocoris 960.

Cropbius 383.

Cryphula 436.

• 'ryptocerata 1018.

Cryptostemmatidae .. 646.
CydnidsB 70.

• 'vdnoides 59.

Cydnus 81.

Cylapinse 876.

("ylapus 877.

C'ylloceps 960.

Page

Cymatla ..1066.

Cyminae 356.

Cymoninus 359.

Cymus 359.

angustatus 360.

bellus 362.

discors 361.

luridus 361.

robustus 361.

virescens 362.

Cyrtocapsidea 784.

Cyrtocapsus 867.

Cyrtomenus 72.

Cyrtopeltis 911.

Cyrtorhinus 853.

Dendrocoris 173.

Deraeocorinae 882.

Deraeocoris 892.

albigulus 905.

alnieola 899.

aphidiphagus 899.

appalachianus 903.

betula? 898.

borealis 895.

davisi 900.

fasciolus 896.

grandis 897.

laricicola 903.

kennieottii 904.

nigritulus 904.

nitenatus 899.

pinicola 903.

riuercicola 900.

ruber 893.

sayi 901.

Diaphnidia 849.

Dichoeysta 485.

Dichrooscytus 741.

Dictyonota 472.

Dicyphinae 905.

Dicyphus 907.

agilis 909.

discrepans 911.

famelicus 910.

gracilentus 911.

minimus 908.

notatus 909.

vestitus 910.

Diolcus 39.

Diphleps 656.

Biplozona 887.

DipsocoridCB 646.

Doldina 580.

Drakella 481.

Drymus 430.

Dufouriellina? 639.

rtufouriellus 644.

Dysdercus 441.

Kctrichodiina? 561.

Edessini 176

Edessa 176.

Eioneus 673.

Elasmotethus 205.

Emblethis 428.

Emesa 527.

Emesaya 527.

Empicoris 515.

armatus 521.

barberi 518.

culiciformis 522.

errabundus 519.

nudus 521.

palmensis 522.

pilnsus 523.

reticulatus 519.

rubromaculatus .... 517.

tuberculatus 518.

winnemana 522.

Enicocephalida? 502.

Eremocoris 431.

Page.

Eurychilopterella . 887.

Euryopbthalmus 438.

Eurygaster 52.

Euschistus 129.

bifibulus 140.

crassus 141.

crenator 141.

euscbistoides 132.

fissilis 132.

ictericus 139.

politus 133.

servus 130.

subimpunctatus .... 133.

tristigmus 134.

variolarius 137.

Eustictus 883.

catulus 886.

grossus 884.

mundus 885.

necopinus 885.

salicicola 886

venatorius 885.

Eutbochtha 233.

Euthyrbynchus 189.

Excentricus 961.

Fenestrella 481.

Fitchia 578.

Fulvius 878.

Galeatini 451.

Galeatus 452.

Galgupha 61.

aterrima 64.

atra 62.

nigra 64.

nitiduloides 63.

ovalis 64.

Garganus 698.

Gargapbia 472.

amorphae 474.

angulata 474.

bimaculata 475.

solani 474.

tilisB 473.

Gastrodes 431.

Gelastocoridce 1022.

Gelastocoris 1023.

Gelchossa 475.

Geocnethus 80.

Geocorina? 372.

Geocoris 373.

bullatus 374.

discopterus 376.

frisoni 378.

punctipes 373.

uliginosus 376.

Geotomus 76.

Gerridae 967.

Gerris 970.

alacris 975.

argenticollis 976.

buenoi 976.

eanaliculatus 977.

eomatus 976.

conformis 974.

insperatus 975.

marginatus 974.

nebularis 974.

remigis 972.

rufoscutellatus 977.

Gerroidea? 967.

Ghilianella 535.

Globiceps 845.

Glossoaspis 1026.

Glyptocombus 652.

Gnathobleda 547.

Gonianotini 428.

Graphosomatince 53.

Gymnoeerata 32.

Hadronema 843.

GENERAL INDEX.

1113

Page.

Hallodapini 911

Halobates 986.

Halticini 799.

Halticotcma 867.

Halticus 800.

Halyini 95.

Hamniacerinae 562.

Hammacerus 563.

Harmostes ..... 271.

Harmostini .....-.: 270.

Harpactorinas ..:...■. 566.

lh bridce 605.

Hebrus 606.

Heraeus 389.

Hesperocorixa 1065.

Hesperophylum 659.

Hesperotingis 493.

Heterocordylus 847.

Heterotoma 851.

Homaemus 46.

Horcias 747.

Hyaliodes 906.

Hyalochloria 848.

Hyalymenus 261.

Hydrometra 965.

Hydrometridae 964.

Hymenarcys 142.

Hypogeocoris 378.

Ilnacora 832.

Ischnodemus 363.

atramedius 366.

badius 368.

falicus 365.

intermedials 365.

lobatus 367.

minutus 368.

robustus 366.

rufipes 365.

slossoni 367.

Ischnorrhynchus 357.

Isometopidfe 652.

Jadera 285.

.Talysus 333.

Kolonetrus 411.

Labopini 797.

Labops 797.

Lampracanthia 1014.

Largidea 876.

Lasiochilus 625.

Lepidopsallus 951.

australis 953.

claricornis 954.

miniatus 953.

minusculus 952.

olseni 953.

pusillus 954.

rubidus 952.

Leptobyrsa 469.

Leptocorini 283.

Leptocoris 284.

Leptocorisa 259.

Leptocorisini 259.

Leptodictya 477.

Leptoglossus 220.

ashmeadi 225.

corculus 222.

fulvicornis 221.

gonagra 224.

oppositus 223.

phyllopus 225.

Leptoscelini 226.

Leptostyla 476.

Leptoypha 498.

costata 498.

elliptica 499.

ilicis 500.

mcateei 499.

mutica 500.

Lethaeini 429.

Page.

Lethoeerus 1043.

Leucopoecila 948.

Ligyrocoris 392.

abdominalis 395.

contractus 397.

depictus 394.

diffusus 397.

litigiosus 394.

multispinus _ 395.

obscurus 393.

slossoni 396.

sylvestris 396.

Limnogonus 978.

Lopidea 834.

amorpha? 841.

caesar 836.

confluens S38.

cuneata 841.

davisi 842.

floridana 843.

heidemanni 840.

hesperia 837.

ineurva 842.

instabile 837.

lathrya? 838.

marginalis 838.

media 841.

reuteri 837.

robinae 839.

salicis 843.

sayi 839.

staphylea? 839.

Lopidini 831.

Lopus 920.

Loxa 153.

Luteva 524.

Lutevopsis 523.

Lyctocorinae 622.

Lyctocoris 623.

Lygaeidae 336.

Lygasinae 339.

Lygaeus 341.

bicrucis 347.

facetus 347.

formosus 344.

kalmii 343.

lineolus 345.

mimulus 346.

tripligatus 345.

tripunetatus 34S.

turcicus 343.

Lygidea 755.

mendax 757.

obseura 756.

rosacea 755.

rubecula 756.

viburni 756.

Lygus 758.

alni 769.

apicalis 762.

approximates 760.

atrinotatus 782.

atritylus 773.

belfragii 769.

campestris 767.

canadensis 770.

carolinae 783.

caryae 779.

clavigenitalis 776.

communis 780.

confusus 769.

fagi 774.

fasciatus 761.

geneseensis 776.

hirticulus 775.

inconspicuus 771.

invitus 774.

irroratus 775.

johnsoni 780.

laurea? 783.

neglectus 769.

nyssae 773.

Page.

omnivagus 777.

ostryae 7 7 * *> .

pabulinus 762.

parrotti 781.

parshleyi 781.

plagiatus 763.

pratensis 764.

quercalba? ... 777.

rubicundus 760.

semivittatus 7 82.

superiorensis 762.

tiliae 770.

univittatus 781.

vanduzeei 766.

viburni 772.

vitticollis 782.

Macrocephalus 509.

Macrolophus 913

Macroporus 81.

Macrotracheliella .... 633.

Macrotylus 919.

Malezonotus 425.

Mallochiola 658.

Margus 243.

Meadorus 204.

Mecomma 852.

Megaloceraea 671.

Megalocoleus 920.

Megalotomus ... 262.

Melanolestes 556.

Melanorhopala . 490.

Menecles 145.

Menenotini 234.

Meroeorina? 209.

Merocoris 209

Merragata 610.

Mesomiris 670.

Mesovelia 613.

Mesoveliidae 612.

Metapterus 531.

annulipes 533.

fraternus 533.

neglectus 534.

uhleri 534.

umbrosus 535.

Metatropiphorus 604.

Metrobates 980.

Mezira 321.

Mezirinae 316.

Micracanthia 1013.

Micrelytrini 257.

Microphylellus 923.

elongatus 925.

longirostris 925.

maculipennis 923.

modestus 924.

nigricornis 924.

tsuga? 924.

tumidifrons 925.

Microphysidae 658.

Microsynamma 945.

Microvelia 988.

albonotata 992.

americana 994.

atrata 991.

austrina 992.

borealis 989.

buenoi 993.

fontinalis 993.

hinei 991.

Mictini 22S.

Mimoceps 679.

Mineus 191.

Mirida? 660.

Mirinae 665.

Miris 671.

Miroideae 620.

Monalocoris 874.

Mormidea 122.

Mozena 228.

Murgantia 154.

1114

HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

Page.

Myodocha 387.

Myodochini 385.

Myiomma 653.

Xabida? 587.

Nabinae 590.

Nabis 591.

capsiformis 597.

annulatus 597.

crassipes 594.

ferus 600.

flavomarglnatus .... 600.

inscriptus 603.

kalmi 604.

limbatus 598.

nigriventris 594.

propinquus 598.

roseipennis 601.

rufusculus 603.

sordidus 595.

spinicrus 596.

subcoleoptratus .... 593.

Xaeogeidae 605.

Naeogeus 606.

Namacus 243.

Nannium 320.

Xannocoris 651.

Narvesus 551.

Xaucoridae 1029.

Xeididas 331.

Neides 332.

Xeoborus 785.

amcenus 787.

canadensis 789.

geminus 786.

glaber 789.

palmeri 788.

pubescens 791.

rufusculus 790.

tricolor 790.

vittiscutis 790.

Neocapsus 753.

Neolygus 767.

Xeopharnus 172.

Neottiglossa 148.

Nepa 1033.

Xepidae 1032.

Nerthra 1028.

Xerthridae 1022.

Neurocolpus 691.

Neuroctenus 324.

Nezara 158.

Xoctuocoris 865.

Xotonecta 1050.

borealis 1053.

howardi 1053.

insulata 1052.

irrorata 1052.

raleighi 1055.

uhleri 1055.

undulata 1053.

variabilis 1054.

Xotonectida? 1048.

Xysius 350.

basalis 352.

californicus 351.

ericae 353.

grcenlandicus 355.

strigosus 354.

thyrni 353.

Ochterida? 1020.

Ochterus 1020.

CEciacus 619.

CEdancala 382.

Oncerotrachelus 540.

Oncocephalus 550.

Oncopeltus 340.

Oncotylini 918.

Oncozygia 54.

Opistheuria 689.

Oplomus 184.

Orectoderus 916.

Grius 637.

Page.

Orthaea 397.

basalis 401

bilobata 402.

curvipes 402.

fractieollis 400.

longulus 399.

lurida 400.

servillei 403.

vincta 400.

Orthocephalus 804.

Ortholomus 348.

Orthotylime 796.

Crthotylini 844.

Orthotylus 854.

alni 863.

althaeae 855.

basicornis 858.

candidatus 861.

catulus 860.

chlorionis 856.

concolor 856.

cruciatus 862.

dorsalis 864.

flavosparsus 855.

knighti 861.

marginatus 863.

modestus 864.

recopinus 861.

neglectus 865.

crnatus 863.

serus 863.

submarginatus 862.

translucens 857.

uniformis 857.

viridis 858.

Oxycareninae 383.

Ozophora 414.

burmeisteri 417.

concava 417.

pallescens 418.

picturata 415.

reperta 416.

trinotata 418.

Pachygronthina? 379.

Pagasa 589.

Palmacorixa 1082.

Pamillia 820.

Pangaeus 73.

Paracalocoris 692.

adustus 696.

colon 697.

hawleyi 696.

heidemanni 697.

incisus 695.

limbus 698.

multisignatus 696.

scrupeus 694.

Paraxenetus 794.

Parthenicus 804.

Pelocoris 1030.

Pentacora 1004.

Pentatomidae 91.

Pentatomina? 93.

Pentatomini 103.

Peribalus 105.

Perigenes 404.

Perillus 185.

Peritrechus 419.

Peritropis 880.

Phlegyas 380.

Phthia 227.

Phylinae 914.

Phylini 921.

Phymata 504.

acutangula 508.

albopicta 507.

fasciata 506.

guerini 507.

noualhieri 507.

vicina 508.

wolffii 505.

Phymatidae 503.

Page.

Phymodera 51.

Physatocbeila 483.

Physatocheilini 482.

Physopleurella 641.

Phytocoraria 690.

Phytocoris 699.

albitylus 718.

angustifrons 727.

angustulus 723.

annulicornis 717.

antennalis f04.

bipunctatus 717.

brevifurcatus 721.

buenoi 721.

canadensis 721.

caryae 730.

confluens 726.

conspersipes 714.

conspurcatus 705.

corticevivens 707.

cortitectus 724.

davisi 705.

depictus 729.

dimidiatus 708.

diversus 713.

erectus 721.

eximius 720.

fenestrates 707.

i'ulvus 712.

fumatus 709.

husseyi 718.

infuscatus 727.

junceus 706.

lacunosus 723.

lasiomerus 702.

luteolus 726.

megalopsis 713.

minutulus 706.

mundus 712.

neglectus 719.

nigricollis 717.

obtectus 723.

olseni 727.

onustus 719.

pallidicornis 703.

palmeri 705.

pectinatus 722.

penipectus 722.

pinicola 714.

puella 729.

quercicola 725.

rubellus 730.

rubropictus 703.

rufus 712.

salicis 722.

spicatus 720.

sulcatus 708.

tibialis ?28.

luberculatus 709.

ulmi 704.

uniformis 713.

venustus 728.

vittatus 708.

Pictinus V.20.

Piesma 447.

Piesmida? 447.

Piezodorus 169.

Pilophorini 806.

Pilophorus S07.

amcenus 811.

brimleyi 808.

brunneus 816.

buenoi 810.

cinnamopterus 811.

clavatus 816.

depictus 814.

furvus ?13.

geminus 816.

heidemanni 814.

juniperi 813.

l.-etus 812.

nasicus 814.

perplexus 815.

GENERAL INDEX.

1115

Page.

piceicola 811.

strobicola 810.

uhleri 810.

vanduzeei 809.

walshi 835.

Piratinas 556.

Pithanus 680.

Plagiognathus ... 927.

albatus 943.

albonotatus 940.

alboradialis 937.

annulatus 934.

atricornis J36.

blatchleyi 936.

brevirostris 937.

carinatus 934.

caryae 945.

chrysanthemi 942.

cornicola 944.

davisi :^42.

dcbilis 941.

delicatus ^4t3.

dispar 941.

flavicornis 942.

flavoscutellatus .... 931.

fraternus 932.

fulvidus 936.

ilicis 928.

inopinus 942.

intrusus 932.

laricicola 935.

nigritus 935.

nigrolineatus 928.

nigronitens 935.

nubilus 937.

obscurus 931.

politus 932.

punctatipes 941.

repetitus 934.

repletus 944.

rosicola 935.

similis 944.

suffuscipennis 940.

Platylygus 757.

Platytylellus 682.

borealis .688.

circumcinctus '687.

confraternus 683.

fraternus 686.

insignis 688.

insitivus 685.

intercidendus 684.

nigricollis 685.

nigroscutellatus .... 686.

robustus 687.

rubellicollis 687.

rubrovittatus 684.

Plea 1060.

Plinthisus 420.

Ploiaria 524.

Ploiariidae 511.

Ploiariodes 516.

Ploiariola 516

Ploiariopsis 524.

Pnirontis 543.

Podisus 195.

fretus 198.

maculiventris 196.

modestus 200.

mucronatus 202.

placidus 201.

sagitta 198.

spinosus 197.

serieventris 199.

Podopidae 53.

Podops 54.

Poecilocapsus 750.

Pceciloscytus 733.

Polymerus 733.

basalis 735.

brevirostris 739.

cuneatus 736.

delongi 737.

Page.

fulvipes 738.

gerhardi 739.

nigropallidus 736.

nubilipes 738.

opacus 740.

proximus 737.

punctipes 738.

tinctipes 736.

unifasciatus 737.

venaticus 740.

venustus 739.

Poronotus 643.

Prostemminae 588.

Protacanthus 335.

Protenor 257.

Proxius 3]8.

Proxys . 127.

Psallus 954.

alnicenatus 958.

alnicola 956.

ancorifer 959.

drakei 960.

guttulosus 956.

morrisoni ..., 958.

parshleyi 958.

piceicola 959.

seriatus 957.

strobicola 957.

variabilis 957.

waldeni 959.

Pselliopus 573.

Pseudocnemodus 413.

Pseudacysta 497.

Pseudophlceinae 254.

Pseudoxenetus 818.

Ptochiomera 406.

antennata 409.

barberi 410.

clavigera 408.

ferruginea 409.

minima 408.

nodosa 407.

Pycnoderes 868.

balli S71.

convexicollis 870.

dilatatus 869.

drakei 871.

infuscatus 871.

medius 871.

quadrimaculatus .. 869'.

Pygolampis 545.

Pyrrhocoridae 437.

Pyrrhocoris 441.

Ramphocorixa 1067.

Ranatra 1034.

australis 1040.

buenoi 1038.

drakei 1038.

fusca 1039.

kirkaldyi 1036.

nigra 1037.

Rasahus 559.

Reduviidae 536.

Reduviinae 552.

Reduvioideae 501.

Reduvius 552.

Repipta 576.

Resthenia 682.

Resthenini 681.

Reuteria 851.

Reuteroscopus 950.

Rhacognathus 189.

Rhagovelia 995.

choreutes 997.

flavicincta 998.

obesa 996.

oriander 998.

plumbea 999.

Rheumatobates 981.

Rhiginia 561.

Rhinacloa 962.

Rhinocapsus 925.

Page.

Rhynocoris 572.

Rhyparochrominre .... 384.
Rhyparochromini .... 414.

Rhytidolomia 109.

Rocconota 575.

Saica 541.

Saicinae 539.

Salda ..1007.

Saldidae 1002.

Saldoida 1017.

Saldula 1008.

confluenta 1010.

interstitialis 1011.

littoralis 1013.

major 1009.

opacula 1012.

orbiculata 1010.

reperta 1012.

saltatoria 1011.

separata 1012.

xanthochila 1009.

Schizoptera 649.

Schizopteridoe 646.

Schumannia 549.

'Seiocorini 94.

Sciocoris 94.

Scoloposcelis 645.

Scolopostethus 433.

Scutelleroideaa; _........ 34.

Scutelleridae i.. 35.

■Sehirus ;:illx .-.- 89.

Semiini 798.

Semium :l:'.i- 799.

Sephina rx .:.... 236.

Sericaphanes .:......... 830.

Sinea - 584.

Sirthenea -. 560.

Sixenotus :..... 871.

albicornis j 873.

albohirtus 874.

brevis :... S73.

gracilis 872.

insignis S73.

tenebrosus 874.

Solubea 125.

Spartocera 235.

Sphaerobius 391.

Sphragisticus 426.

Sphyrocoris 42.

Stachyocnemus 268.

Stenodema 668.

Stenolemus 513.

IStenopoda 548.

Stenopodinae 542.

Stenotus 730.

Stephanitis 468.

Stethaulax 44.

Sthenarus 922.

Stiretrus 179.

Strongylocoris 803.

Stygnocoris 421.

Symphylus 43.

Sysinas 875.

Systelloderes 502.

Systellonotini 830.

Teleonemia 487.

belfragei 490.

cylindricornis 488.

nigrina - 488.

sacchari 490.

scrupulosa 489.

vanduzeei 489.

Teleorhinus 915.

Tempyra 419.

Teiuuiogonus 978.

Teratocoris 677.

Teratodia 057.

Termatophylidae ... .. 659.

Tetraphleps 635.

Tetyra 37.

Thaumastocorida? ... 444.

1116

HETEROPTERA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

Page.

Thyanta 112.

accerra 118.

antiguensis 118.

calceata 117.

casta 116.

custator 115.

perditor 114.

pseudocasta 120.

rugulosa 119.

Thyrcocoris 58.

Tingididae 448.

Tingidoideae 445.

Tingis 487.

Tollius 267.

Tomopelta 405.

Trapezonotus 424.

Trepobates 985.

Page

Triatoma 553.

Trichopepla 107.

Trigonotylus 674.

brevipes 676.

confusus 677.

longicornis 677.

pulcher 676.

rufieornis 675.

tarsalus 675.

uhleri 676.

Triphleps 637.

Tropido^teptes 784.

Valtissu= 424.

Velia 999.

Veliidse 987.

Vulsirea 158.

Page

Xenoborus 792.

Xestocoris 435.

Xylastodoris 444.

Xylocoris 627.

Zaitha 1043.

ZcIiriiB 566.

Zelus 568.

angustatus 572.

audax 571.

bilobus 569.

cervicalis 569.

exsanguu- 570.

socius 571.

Zf-ridoneus 403.

Zicrona 202.

Index to New Tribes, Genera, Species and Varieties.

Page

Acalyptini 479.

Acantholoma denticulata kansiana.... 50.

Aradus brunnicornis 311.

Arctocorixa abjecta 1075.

Asthenidea semipicta 632.

Blissus validus 370.

Bolteria semipicta 743.

Brochymena pallida 101.

Carthasinae 538.

Catorhintha borinquensis viridipes..-. 247.

Ceratocapsus advenus 823.

Chelidinini 240.

Corixa pulchra 1085.

Corythaica floridana 471.

Cyrtocapsidea variegata 785.

Eioneus gutticornis 674.

Empicoris palmensis 522.

Galeatini 451.

Geocoris bullatus floridanus 375.

Geotomus subpunctatus 78.

Iscbnodemus atramedius 366.

Page
Ischnodemus robustus 366.

Lasiochilus gerhardi 627.

Lepidopsallus australis 953.

Lygus irroratus 775.

Macrolophus tenuicornis 913.

Melanorhopala reflexa 492.

Metapterus umbrosus 535.

Myodocha annulicornis 388.

Nannocoris arenaria 651.

Ozophora reperta 416.

Physatocheilini 482.

Phytocoris megalopsis . 713.

Plagiognathus debilis 941.

Pnirontis brimleyi 545.

Pseudacysta 497.

Rheumatobates rileyi palosi.. 984.

Thyanta pseudocasta 120.

Trigonotylus longicornis 677.

Errata.
Page 369. The number before leucopterus in key should be 313.
Page 402. The serial number of O. bilobata should be 346.
Pages 450 — 468. Corythuca should be Corythucha.

?e 607. N^EOGUS in first line below key should be N^EOGEUS.

(Date of publication of this volume, October 18, 1926.)