S3f5t5tiafiafi!iii|MrajiidrartidraJ^ : vVccessions property OF r ■^r/'/e . HISTOIRE NATURELLE D E DIVERS OISEAUX, Qui n’avoient point encore ete figurez ni decrits, ou qui n’etoient que peu connus d’apres des defcriptions obfcures ou abregees fans figures, ou d’apres des figures mal delfinees: CONTENANT Les figures de LX. Oiseaux & de deux QjJ adrupedes, gravez fur LII. Planches fur les defieins Originaux, d’apres le Naturel vivant, & fidellement coloriez ; avec des defcriptions pleines & exadtes. Par Georg^e Edwards. Traduit de I’Anglois par M. D. de la S. R, N A T u R A femper eadem ; fed A r t e s varies. A LONDRES, Imprime pour 1’ Auteur : au College des Medecins in Warwick-Lane. M DCC XLV. ■ foijo » «( To the Honourable the PRESIDENT and FELLOWS Jr - OF THE Royal College ^Physicians, of L.ondon, Honoured Sirs, The juft Senfe I have of Your great Learning and profound Judgrnent in all the Sciences, and my own Ignorance in moft of them, might deter me from prefenting this Trifle, was I not encouraged by Your great Goodnefs and Willingnefs to cherifh and give Life to the leaft Spark of Knowledge You perceive kindling in any One, tho’ of inferior Rank ; which Benevolence in You removes that Fear, that otherwife would forbid my Approach. This Work hath, indeed, received its very Being from Your Smiles ; for the favourable Reception my firft Eflays in this Way, fometime ago prefented to the College, met with, hath encouraged me to publifh this Hiftory of Birds, which would otherwife have con- A 2 tinued IV DEDICATION. linued in Obfcurity ; fo that I may efteem Your Honours, in fome meafure, Parents of it ; therefore I humbly beg You would pleafe to favour it with Your Patronage, which I fhall always efteem its greateft Merit. I fhall . forbear to enter upon the Excellencies and Virtues of' Your Honourable Society, ftnce the World is, by Ex- perience, thoroughly convinced of Your public Ufefulnefs and Worth. But it would be inexcufable in me, fhould I flip this Opportunity, publickly to acknowledge the many and great Favours I have received from Your Hands, as a Public Body, fuch as generous Gratuities for ftight Ser- vices, and many other Privileges and Conveniencies^ over and above the Salary of my Office : I have not only re- ceived thefe public Kindneftes, but innumerable private Favours from the illuftrious Members of Your Ho- nourable Society, ^vho have furniffied me with all Things neceftary to forward me in this W ork, and have freely given me their Advice and Inftruftions. For thefe many and great Favours, I cannot conclude without acknow- ledging, with a grateful Mind, the many Obligations You have laid upon him who is in a particular Manner, Honoured Sirs, Your mojl Dutiful^ and moJl obliged humble Servant^ George Edwards. A MONSEIGNEUR MONSEIGNEUR CHARLES LENOX, Due DE Richmond, Lenox ^ Aubignx, Comte DE March £/ Darnley, Baron DE Setterington, Methuen Sjf Torbol- ton; Chevalier de fOrdre de Jarretie re. Grand Ecuyer du Roi, Pair de la Gr. Bretagne, t^c. ^c. Monseigneur, I je prend la liberte de dedier a V. Gr. la Traduftion Fran§oife de cet Ouvrage, ce n’eft pas feulement fur ce qu’entre tous les Pairs de la Grande Bretagne, vous etes peutetre le feul dont les titres & les Domaines n’y font pas tous renfermez, puilque vous E P I T R E. vous en avez encore dans un Royaume voifin» oil Ton park la langue dans laquelle je public aujourd’hui mes Oifeaux: Une raifon plus naturelle & plus forte juftifie ma hardielle; c’efl: la jufte reconnoiffance que je dois a V. Gr. par rapport meme a la matiere dc mon Livre & aux nouveautez qu’il contient. Perfone n’ignore. Monseigneur, qu’a I’egard des divers objets de nos ConnoilTances, il n’y en a aucun, au moins s’il eft un peu noble, que vous ne favoriziez de vos regards, de vos recherches, & meme de votre protedlion: mais tout le Monde ne f9ait peutetre pas qu’en fait d’Animaux rares & linguliers, tels que font ceux que j’ai raflemblez dans ce Vo- lume, on peut vous compter pour un Obfervateur des plus curieux & des plus eclairez que nous ayons dans ces Royaumes. Car fans parler ici de cette belle Menagerie que vous entretenez dans une de vos Terres * avec tant de foins & de depence, votre Cabi- net de Curiojitez fera toujours I’admiration d’un Oeil favant & Philofophique. Ckft dans ce precieux Ca- binet, que vous m’avez fait la grace, Monseigneur, ■ de m’appeller tant de fois pour y delliner au pinceau la plus curieufe partie des fujets qui compofent ce Recueil. Ainfi vous dedier cet Ouvrage, n’eft-ce pas vous rendre a la Lettre ce que vous m’avez prete ? Oil eft * A Goodwsod en Sujfex, ' k E P I T R e: le Critique aflez injufte pour blamer une reftitution fi legitime ? Apres cela, Monseigneur, ne craignez pas que j’abufe de votre bonte, ni que je forte ici, pour vous Jouer, de la fphere de ma profellion, affez glorieux d’ailleurs d’une inclination qui m’ell: commune avec V. Gr. D’autres pourront entreprendre votre Eloge fur des fujets plus relevez. Le Roi lui-meme qui nous gouverne avec tant de fagelfe & dont toute I’Europe eprouve la fidelite, fait alfez connoitre le cas qu’il fait de la votre, par la confiance dont il vous honore. Vos Collegues dans fon Confeil, dans la Chambre Haute, tous les bons Patriotes, vous placent unanimement au delTus de I’Envie : Les fages ne ceflent d’admirer cette tendrc union qui regne depuis li long terns entre vous 6c le digne Objet qui partage votre Sort. Toutes les Societez favantes vous mettent entre leurs premiers Prote£teurs. La Societe Royale fe fe- licite comme d’une fete toutes les fois que Vous vou- lez bien honorer de votre prefence fes AlTemblees. Une autre, nouvellement etablie pour I’avancement des Sciences, s’attendrit tous les jours de voir la gene- rolite avec la quelle vous animez des travaux, que I’avidite rapace de certains Mercenaires a tant de fois ralentis. Enfin tout ce qu’il y a de Genies ou d’Ar* tifans habiles dans cette Capitale, vous reconnoillent a juftc E P I T R E. jufte Juge de leurs talens, & vous reclament comme leur vrai Mecenas. Votre Modeftie a beau s’en de- fendre, il faut qu’ElIe efl'uye de terns en terns rim- . portunite des louanges. Pour moi, je me borne a ce qui me convient, c’efl a dire, a mon crayon & a mes couleurs, & je m’eftimerai trop hureux, fi ces foibles copies de vos propres Originaux pouvoient vous de- .'. lafler quelquefois des occupations que le fervice du ^Roi & r amour de la Patrie vous impofent neceflaire- ment. Je fuis avec un profond refped & une fincere veneration. Monseigneur, De V. Gr. Le tr'es-humhle-, tres-obeijfant ^ tres-obJige Serviteur-, A Londres le 15' dc Janv. 1744-s. George Edwards. s o M E MEMOIRS OF THE L I F E AND W O R K S GEORGE EDWARDS, Fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies. .M- ■ tii^ Secret), Amid the dark Recejfes of Ms Work), The great Creator fought. Thomson^ L O N D O FT: PRINTED FOR J. ROBSON, BOOKSELLER, NeW BOND STREET. MDCCLXXVI. ■ a. f r ..», , . s|r- - M’' ■• :.. >''' r: o **i •.': ‘s;‘( * n ■ I, . o 8 V4t^ '; *«irt 4* 2 i^:- . vi M ' J* ' ’ i ^ ' A> . * * ru;T i : f • 'n ^ l il O V / -l' . V y CIVTA. .1 'I ‘ ' . * ., : H' :':' 'fl 1 1 jii'. -vv '.'iV'r • ' ■ ^ V '• • (S •; *- ;■ ■’» '»v% . ' •'"'' _-: .. .r :, . , - • (1 }[ K 77 Cr J 3 O i! O :2 O .. .V, . V.: ^.i^\A.\JS*ir*y '1A.\ li.VOyi IX-L" '/7o\T''*'i * -• ' . mT- . - - c .'' ' *' -i' ‘i \! V' • ''‘‘f .* ' • ‘ ■ / -iV;' . ' '|.'; '. t-7^ ■/ ' 7 . \^ r . • •-■ f -i - • •■. '•'»■• ■■ *1 ■ i, ' ' * ^ / ■ ■ i' ' . 4^;^ ^ ■ V... . .( i w ■' ■" :/VL, I ■4t - ' ' •, -h V'\-. r- *•*: ?G, vMy^, 1 ir'\» v't UfMv ' . • jf'Vf Jk;,- •• • ' - ■ ^ ' , -o "* . ■ (, . -«j ■(•I'Liii ‘ ■ I : ’ ■SI" .u,|k .„ ->..in.ortT- x^'i. ■. , ' ;■ r". niS ■: -"i.liiitMt •'1{#||j;iM- ■ ■ '. - ■ ,S,: K. " ■ i'Si iVxy ,,, -I., .:il<. -r R ■ j..( ‘ V. r >> ifS'- lit '■• "^•' - y- .. .u:u.- ,, . ’/! o a H ' < ' I .. /jEm' s '■* ar':ca ri^iyf 'jr±u3z:ioofi Jio-i udmi;i >' f.’ ■A I 4 ■ , • • 1 . i * • f •■ ■ w. ,, » I r>«, r*!,* rf ' • I •. ', ; \ ■* • ■' i'»iv ■ . ►• I .•■; n i'J.Sl i .1:-; ' I'i ' , / 1 ' ‘.I-! . . * ’if t.' Ay .,. A- (tiW MEMOIRS O F Mr. GEORGE EDWARDS. ' GEorge Edwards was born at Stratfordy a ham- let belonging to JV^eftham in EJfcXy on the of u^fril 16^5)4. He paffed lome of his early years under the tuition of a clergyman, named Hewity who was then mafter of a public fchool at Layton-Stone^ which is only a few miles diftant from the village where he was born. After quitting the fchool he was placed with another minifter of the eflabliflied church at Brentwood ; and, being defigned by his parents for bufinefs, was put apprentice to a tradefinan in Feiu^ church Street, His mafter, not lets diftinguifiied for his ftrid: regard to religion, than for his uncommon flcill in the learned languages, treated him with re- markable kindnefs and civility. B An [ 2 ] An event happened about the middle of the term of his apprentlcefliip, whicli it is neceflary to men- tion. Dr. Nicholas^ a perfon of eminence in the phyfical world, and a relative of his mailer, hap- pened to die. His books, which were very nu- merous, having been removed from Covent Garden to an apartment then occupied by our young naturaliil, he availed himielf of this unexpected incident, and palTed all the leifure of the day, and not unfrequent- ly a coniiderable part of the night, in turning over this collection of natural hiilory, fculpture, painting, ailronomy, and antiquities. The expectation of obtaining that opulence which commerce bellows on lier afliduous votaries, now ceaied. The fliop and the exchange had loll all their delights; and, on the expiration of his lervitude, he conceived a delign to travel into foreign countries, to improve his talle, and enlarge his mind. In 171^), having no intention of entering on bull-, nels, he took /hipping for Holland^ and vi/ited mo/l of the principal towns of the United Trovlnces^ remain- ing ablent a month. On Ins return, he was two years unemployed in London and its neighbourhood, and r 3 T and then went on board a fliip bound to Norway j at the invitation of a gentleman wlio was dil|3ofed to be his friend, and whole nephew was malter of the velTel in which he embarked. Nothing material occured on the voyage, and they loon arrived at the de/igned port. A country diverli-^ lied with rocks of llupendous magnitude, and trees of unfading verdure, where fome of the natives have fcarce experienced the arts of civilization, could not fail to afford novelty, if it did not impart fatisfa6lion to an Englilliman. The fun, during his Hay, fet only to rife ; and few hours were allotted to Heep, either by him, or his company. Sometimes he wandered on the banks of creeks, theliaunt of lea-fowl, and other rude birds, where no articulate voice was heard ; and- at other fealbns, remarked the progrels of vegetation' among the lulls: And yet flich is the force of cuftonv in the human mind, that the rude inhabitant has no ambition to quit his native mountains, clad with per-* petual liiow, for the llmny regions of more Ibuthcrn latitudes. Our author frequently experienced among thefe illiterate people that hofpitality which hourilli-* cs lels vigoroully in more civilized countries* In t 4 •111 his GXcm'{\on to Frederlckfiadt^ he was not dii^ tant from the thunder of Charles Xlfs cannon, who at that time hefieged Frederickfhall\ where that unfor- tunate monarch ftained his laurels by an ignominious defeat, and was deprived of his life as well as his ,crown.’^ lie * Mr. W raxall, in his entertaining and inftrudiive Remarks, lately made in a Tour through fome of the Northern parts of Europe, after giving a few pertinent and judicious obfervations on the Death of the famous Charles XII. King of Sweden, and on Voltaire’s inconfillent account of that extra- ordinary and dark tranfaftion, concludes : I alked Count Liewen, an ancient nobleman, if he remembered that monarch’s death, and would favour me with the particulars of it. He gave me the fullelf anfwer to this queftion ; which, as it is perhaps the moft authentic and indifputable authority to be procured, I lhall repeat, as nearly as my memory affifts me, in his own words. “ There are now very few men alive, faid he, who can fpeak with fo much certainty to that point as myfelf. I was in the camp before Fre- derickihall, and had the honour to ferve the king in quality of page, on that night when he was killed. I have no doubt he was aflaffinated. The night was extremely dark, and it was almoft an impoflibility that a ball from the fort could enter his head at a diflance, and on the fpot where he Rood. I faw the king’s body, and am certain the wound in his temple was made by a piftol bullet. Who gave it, is unknown. Siker was fuf- fpedled, becaufe he was not with his majefty previous to the blow, but appeared a moment after. Thofe, added he, who are ufed'to military af- fairs, know the report and noife which a cannon ball makes ; but the re- port of the fhot which deftroyed the king, was that of a piece clofe at hand, and totally different. I do not believe -tlae prince of Heffe was concerned, or privy to it, in any degree ; but the belief that he was put to death by a private hand, was general in the army at that time,’* I 5 I He was difappointed of vifiting that country by this- circumflance, as the Swedifi army. was particularly af« fiduousin confining Grangers, and thofe who could not give a good account of themfelves when they happen- ed to meet with them. But notwithflanding all his precaution, he was confined by the JDam/h guard, who erroneoufly fiippofed him a fpy employed by the enemy to obtain intelligence of their defigns. How- ever, by procuring teflimonials of his innocence, a- releafe was granted* In July he embarked for England^ but the fliip, on its arrival at Scillyy was detained by contrary winds. During' his confinement here, his leifure time was' chiefly taken up with fifliing, and fuch other amufe-- inents as his fituation would admit of;- and w^as not a little deligiited with the vafl cliffs of that romantic ifland, and the harfli clamours of its feathered inha-- bitants. Soon after his arrival in hondon^ he retired to his native place, where he fjient tlie winter. But- being defirous of vifiting France.^ went by way of Dieppe to Tarisy in 171^ r and having feen its curiofi- ties, took a lodging in a village called Grcencourt^ in the great park of Verfaille s : hwt to his no fmall mor-* • Q tiheation, [• 6 ] lification, the menagery, at that time, had no Imng creature in it ; the court not refiding there in the king’s minority, the famous collection of animals^ &c. had been negle6led, and all dead or difperfed.. The pompous cavalcades, and expofition of re-* iiques, in the (everal churches and religious houles, excited his attention; and the labours of the fculptor and painter, in the public buildings, claimed his ad-* miration.. During his flay in France ^ he made two journies of one hundred miles each ; the firft to Chalons in Cham~> fagne^ in May 1720 ; the fecond on foot to Orleans and Bhis^ in a difguifed habit, with a view to efcape thole fons of rapine, who often make their depredations on travellers. An edict happened at that time to be un- fortunately iffued, to fecure vagrants, in order to tranlport themlelves to America, as the banks of the Mijfijippi wanted population; and our author narrow- ly elcaped a weltern voyage. On his arrival in Britain^ Mr. Edwards clofely purfued his favourite ftudy of Natural Hiftory; apply- ing himlelf to drawing and colouring (lich animals as fell t 7 } Fell under Ills notice. A flri(5l attention to natural^ more than picSlurefque beauty claimed his eariieft care : Birds firlt engaged his particular attention; and having purchafed fbme of the heft pi6i:ures of thele iubje6ts, he was induced to make a few drawings of his own ; which were admired by the curious, who encouraged our young naturalill to proceed, by pay- ing a good price for his early labours. Among his firfl patrons and benefactors may be mentioned James Theobalds, Elq; of Lambeth; a gentleman zealous for the promotion of fcience. Our artift, thus unexpectedly encouraged, increafed in ddll and afliduity, and procured, by his application to his favourite puriuit, a decent fubfiilence, and a large acquaintance. However, he remitted his indutlry in 1751, when, in company of two of his relations, he ^ made an cxcurfion to Holland and Brabant^ where he collected Icveral fcarce books and prints, and had an opportunity to examine the original pictures of feve- ral great mailers at Antwerp^ Brujfelsy Utretchy and other great cities. In December j 755, by the recommendation of the great Sir Hans Sloane, Bart, prefident of the col- lege [ 8 y lege of phyficians, he was cholen librarian, and. had apartments in the college. This office was peculiarly, agreeable to his taile and inclination, as he had the opportunity of a conftant recourfe to a valuable libra- ry, filled with fcarce and curious books on the fub- jedls of natural hiftory , which he fo affiduoufly ftudied • By degrees he became one of the moll eminent orni- tliologifts in this, or any other country. Hisnnerit is fo well known in this refpec^, as to render any eulogi- um on his performances unnecelTary : but it may be obferved, that he never truflcd to others what he could perform himfelf;. and often found it fb difficult to give fatisfa^lion to his own mind, that he fre- quently made three or four drawings to delineate the objc6l in its moft lively character, attitude, and reprefentation. In 1 745 the firfl volume of the Hiftory of Birds was publiftied in Quarto, on royal paper, containing fixty one birds, and two quadrupeds, moft of which had neither been delineated nor deferibed, engraved on fifty two plates from original drawings, exadly coloured, with full and accurate deftriptions. ^ This volume is dedicated to the prefident and fel- lows of the royal college ofPhyficians, whofe favours and [ 9 3 affiflance he moil: gratefully acknowledges. The delcription was publiflied likewife in the French Ian-* gnage, for the ufe of foreigners, as is that of the rucceeding volumes. His fubferibers exceeding even his moll (anguine expectation, a (econd volume appeared in 1747, de-* dicated to Sir Hans Sloan e, then phyfician to his Majefty, whole merit as a naturalift is well known, both in our own and foreign nations, and whole friendlhip to our author imprinted indelibly on his bread the warmed imprellions of gratitude. This volume contains lixty one birds and two quadrupeds, engraved on fifty two copper plates, with delcrip-^ tions. The third volume publilhed in 1750, contains the lame number of plates, and fifty nine birds, dedicat-^^ ed to the prefident, council, and fellows of the Roy^ Society. In 1751 fourth volume came from the prels, containing thirty (even plates, on which are engra-i ved thirty nine birds, and fixteen plates of ferpents^ fidies, and inleCls. D This [ ,o ] This volume, being the laft he intended to publifli at that time, he feems to have conhdered k as the nioft perfect of his productions in Natural Hktory ; and therefore devoutly offered it up to the great God of Nature, in humble gratitude for all the good things he had received from him in this world. Our author, in 1758, continued his labours under a new title, viz* Gleanings of Natural Histo- ry, exhibiting feventy different birds, fiflies, in- feCls, and plants, mofl of which were before non«de- fcripts, coloured from nature, on fifty copper plates, dedicated to the truftees of the BrittifliMufeum. This volume was accompanied with a French tranflation up- on the fame page oppofite the Englifli— — in the for- mer volumes the defcriptions in French were printed feparate. A fecond volume of the Gleanings was publiflied 1017^0, containing fifty plates and defcriptions^ as well as engravings of one hundred animals and plants. Our Naturalift dedicated this volume to the Earl of Bute. The third part, which made the feventh and lafl volume C ” ] volume of his works, appeared in 17^4» ^vhich he de- dicated to Earl (Ferrers, (then Captain Shirley) as an acknowledgment for his kind alHitance in contri- butino; a sreat number of birds intended for Madam P-OMPADOUR, and taken by the Captain in a French Pi nze. This part contains eighty five different fiib- ]e6f;s, defigned, engraved, and coloured after nature^ on fifty two plates. Tims our Author, after a long feries of years, the ‘ mod ftudious application, and the moft extenfive cor^' refi3ondence to every quarter of the world, concluded a work which contains^ engravings and defcriptions* of more than fix hundred fubje learned bodies, he prelented elegant coloured co- pies of all his works, to the Royal College of Phyfi- cians, the Royal Society, the Society of Antiquari-^ ans, and to the Britifli IMuIeum; allb to the Royal Accademy of Sciences at from -whom he receiv-- ed^ the mod polite and obliging letter of thanks by their then.iecretary hlonficur Defouchy. The * A Dcfcriptlon of this Medal is given behind the title in the fiifl voluais of his works. n • « • k ; t i6 ] The nobility and gentry frequently honoured him their friendfhip and generous flipport ; and he mentions with peculiar plealiire being patroniled by four great men, who were perhaps the greateft pro- moters of learning, Icience and arts, of any in the prefent age. Thele were the late Duke of Rich- mond, Sir Hans Sloane, Dr, Mead, and Mar- tin Folkes, Ffq; * His ^ The following charaders of thefe four eminent perfonages is given in his own words : ** The Duke, noble in his lineage, and defcent from the royal houfe of thefe kingdoms ; but ftill more noble and great from the innate magnificience, generolity, and goodnefs of his foul. Though by his high offices, his time was taken up by the important affairs of the pub- “ lie, yet his doors were always open to men of learning, fcience, and in- genuity.” ** The fecond was the good Sir Hans Sloane, Bart, who employed ** me, for a great number of years, in drawing miniature figures of ani- “ mals, &c. after nature, in water colours, to encreafe his very great col- ** ledtion of fine drawings by other hands ; which drawings' are now all fixed in the Britifii Mufeum, for the help and information of thofe in fu- ** ture generations, that may be curious or ftudious in natural hiftory. Sir “ Hans, in the decline of his life, left Lo?tdon, and retired to his manor houfe at Chelfea, where he refided about fourteen years before he died. “ After his retirement to Chelfea, he requefted it as a favour to him, ‘‘ (though I embraced his requell; as an honour done to myfelf) that I “ would viiit him every week, in order to divert him, for an hour or two, “ with the common news of the town, and with any thing particular that “ ffiould Ivappen amongff his acquaintance of the Royal Society, and other ingenious [ i; ] His collection of drawings, which amounted to up-, wards of nine hundred, were purchaled by the Earl of ingenious gentlemen, many of whom I wus weekly converfant with; and I feldom miffed drinking coffee with him on d.S(iturddy, during the whole time of his retirement at Chelfea. He was fo infirm as to be “ wholly confined to his heufe, except fometimes, though rarely, taking “ a little air in his garden in a wheeled chair : and this confinement made “ him very defirous to fee any of his old acquaintance to aniufe him. Dur- “ ing this latter part of his life, he was frequently petitioned for charity “ by fome decayed branches of families of eminent men, late of his ac- quaintance, who were famous for their learned works, 6cc. which pe- titions he always received, and confidered with attention j and, provided ‘‘ they were not found fraudulent, they were always anfwered by his cha- ** ritable donations. He has often defired that I would enquire into the merits of fuch petitioners j and, if found fatisfadtory, he commiflioned “ me to convey his bounty to the diffreffed. — The laft time I faw him, I “ was greatly furprifed and concerned to find fo good a man in the agonies of death; this was on the tenth day of January 1753, at four o’clock “ in the afternoon : he died on the eleventh, at four in the mornin^. I “ continued with him later than any one of his relations, but was obliged “ to retire, his laft agonies being beyond what I could bear ; though, un- ■“ der his pain and weaknefs of body, he feemed to retain a great firmnefs ** of mind, and refignation to the will of God. “ The third of my patrons was the great Richard Mead, M. D* “ He was certainly magnanimous beyond the common meafure, and de- ferved the title of Great in as extenlive a fenfe as any man in his ftation “ could do. He, as well as Sir Hans Sloane, died in the higheft fta- “ tions of phyfic they could arrive at, viz. Phyficians in Ordinary to the “ King. Dr. Mead, indeed, never was at the head of the College of “ Phyficians of London^ but it was becaufe he always abfolutely declin-* “ edit; for he hath been elected into that honourable' ftation, but never F could [ ] of Bute, who would confer a favour on pofterky by publifliing engravings from them, as they contain a great ** could be perfuaded to accept of it. His perfonal fervice, his ample for- “ tune, his houfe, and every thing in his pjwer, always contributed, in the moll extenfive manner, to the promotion of learning, fcience, arts, “ mechanics, and, in (hort, every thing that tended to the public benefit “ and honour of his country, or was of ufe to particular members of the “ community he lived in. In lliort, his generofity was fo diffufive, that he may be juflly deemed a benefadlor to the whole community; whilft, ** inftead of hoarding up that great wealth his. practice gained, to raife a “ vaft eftate, as he might eafily have done, his public fpirit was uncon- ‘‘ fined, and he was contented to leave behind him a moderate fortune “ only. The worthy Dr. Askew, from a laudable veneration for the me- “ mory and public charadier of fo great a patron of learning, &c. cauf- “ ed a fine marble buft of him to be made by one of the moft eminent “ fculptors of the prefenS age, which is placed in the College of Phyfici- ‘‘ ans, London. And, on this occafion, I cannot help informing fucceed- ** ing generations, that they may fee the real features of Dr. Mead in “ this faid bufl ; for I, who was as well acquainted with his face as “ any one living, do pronounce this buit of him to be fo like, that, as “ often as I fee it, my mind is filled with the ftrongeft idea of the cri- “ ginal. “ Martin Folkes, Efq; the 1 aft of my deceafed principal patrons, ** was a friend and intimate acquaintance of the other three. He had ** made the grand tour of Europe, not in the younger part of life, but “ after his marriage. He travelled with part of his family and fervants, at “ a proper age to make juft obfervations, and gather all the commendable parts of the learning, cultoms, and manners of the countries through' ** which he palled, in order to refine and polifh thofe of his own. He “ travelled not in hafte, as is the general cuftom ; but proceeded flowly,. “ and fpent what time was neceffary to inform himfelf of all that was “ worth. [ '9 ] great number of Englifli as well as foreign birds and other animals hitherto not accurately delineated or defcribed. After worth notice : and, indeed, he feemed to have attained to univerfal knowledge ; for, in the many opportunities I have had of being in his company, almoft every part of fcience has happened to be the fubjedt of difcourfe, all of which he handled as an adept in each. He was a man of great politenefs in his manners, free from all pedantry and pride, and, in every refpe(5t, the real unaffedted fine gentleman. “ The lofs of four perfonages, fo truly noble, fo good,' fo great; and every “ way fo highly accomplilhed, in tbe fmalLfpace of three or four years, ‘‘ was an event tliat greatly humbled me. I imagined, that, after fuch a lofs to arts and fciences in general, and to-' myfelf in particular, all endeavours to excel in any branch of knowledge would be fruitlefs, and ‘‘ of little avail to its author, for want of eminent men to infpire the rifing generation ; and I thought of difcontlnuing any farther progrefs “ in natural hiftory : but the national fpirit for the promotion of learning “ and arts, in the eftablhhment of that grand repofitory and immenfe fund “ of Icience, the Britidi Mufeum, has, in fome meafure, revived the paflioii “ for learning and ufeful knowledge ; and I hope thefe feeds, fown by public authority, cheridied and protcdted by a Prince diftinguilhed for “ virtue and learning, will take root, fpring up, and yield a plentiful har- veil. “ The Britifli Mufeum reminds me of a brief catalogue of the natural “ and artificial fubjedls contained in it, which Sir Hans Sloane fhewed' “ me about a year before he died, and permitted me to take a copy of ; ** and, as I believe, though it is fo very general, it may, for want of a. ‘‘ more perfecT: one, be acceptable to the reader, and is as follows : Af$ [ 20 ] After the publication of the lafl work, being ar- rived at his feventieth year, he found his fight be- gin An account of the names afid numbers of the feveral fpecies of things contained in the Mufeum of *S/r Hans Sloan e, Bart, and which y fince his death, are placed for the ufe of the public in the Britijh Mufeum. The library, including Echini, echinites, 6cc. 659 books of drawings. AfterijE, trochi, entrochi, &c. 241 manufcripts, & prints. Crufliaceas, crabs, lobflers, &c. 363 amounting to about vol. 50000 Stell^e marinas, flar-fifhes, &c. Medals and coins, ancient and Filhes, and their parts ^555 modern 23000 Birds, and their parts, eggs and Cameos and intaglios, about 700 nefts of different fpecies 1 172 Seals, &c. 268 Quadrupeds, &c. 1886 Veffels, &c. of agate, jafper, &c. 542 Vipers, ferpents, &c. 521 Antiquities 1125 Infedts, (See, Precious ftones, agates, jafpers. Vegetables - 12506 &c. 2256 Flortus ficcus, or volumes of Metals, minerals, ores, &c. 2725 dried plants 334 Cryftals, fpars, &c. 1864 Humana, as calculi, anatomical Foffils, flints, flones, &c. 1275 preparations, &c. 756 Earths, fands, falts, &c. 1035 Mifcellaneous things, natural. Bitumens, fulphurs, ambers, &c. 399 &c. 2098 Talcs, micae, &c. 388 Mathematical inflruments 55 Corals, fponges, 6cc. 1421 Pictures and drawings framed 47 i Teftacea, or llaells, &c. 5843 “ Every fingle particular of all the above articles are numbered, and “ entered by name, with fhort accounts of them, and references to feve- ral authors who have heretofore wrote about them, in thirty-eight vo- “ lumes t 21 3 gin to fall, and his hand loft its wonted fteadinefio He retired from public employment, to a little houle which he purchaled at Tlalflow ; previous to which, he dilpoled of all the copies, as well as plates, of his works. *}' * The converlation of a few fele the ufe of this wood in me- chanics is fully deinonftrated, and greatly recommended. We fhall con- clude this fhort account with referring the reader for more particulars on the fubjed:, to that valuable mifcellany. Addenda to the Account of Common Service Tree^ Tlate 212. CRATiEGCS TORMINALIS. Crataegus folds cordatis Jpetangulis lobis tnjimis divaricatis, Linneei, fp. pi. 476. — Cr at aegis foliis cordatis acutis : lacinulis acutis ferratis. Hort. Clif. 187. — ^oy,. Ludb. 271. — Mefpilis apii folio JylveJiris non fpincfa feu Sorbus tormi- nalis. Bauhin. pinax 454. Baii fynopfis 453* — Sorbus torminalis. Com. Epit. 162. Ger^ Em. 1471. feu vulgaris. — Parkinfon. 1420. — Plantce JVocdfordienfes, p. ()().— Martynis Plantae Cantabrigienfs, ii. COMMON WILD SERVICE or SORB. T INNiEUS informs us this tree grows in England, Germany, Helvetia, and Burginidy. It is found wild in hedges and woods, and merits a place in plantatioias for the beauty of its foliage, as well as its flower and fruit. At Billiop’s Wood, near Ha'mpjiead, there may be feen feveral trees of this fpecies. It is faid the Common Service will rife to the height of thirty or forty feet. The word is ufed by feveral Artificers as well as that of the true Service. The Tree will bear the inclemencies of our Engiifh winters better than mofl; others propagated in this Country, and flourifiies befl; in a ftrong foil. ERRATA. Page 45. title SiyahGhufh, dele from a JUravoing of Dr. Sharp, idc. In the Catalogue of Linnaeus, Page 10, the reader is defired, after the words. Hand ff a Boy tvith a uifempered fkin, to add ■ tijith a branch of the Common Service Tree? A CATALOGUE O F T H E BirxDS, BEASTS, FISHES, INSECTS, PLANTS, &c. CONTAINE'D IN EDWARDS’S NATURAL HISTORY, IN SEVEN VOLUMES, WITH THEIR LATIN NAMES By Sir C. L I N N T: U S, MEDICAL AND BOTANICAL PROFESSOR OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY AT UPSAL, &c. LONDON* PRINTED FOR J, ROBSON, BOOKSELLER, NEW BOND STREET. MDCCLXXVI. 1 • - i f’ ■ V . :k I ' ; • J1 •-‘ ’-■'4.,^ 'V.»- iX-i/ : ' .• '• V > » • ^ . '<> V. ,'■ il ”' . •> f < » ti ‘ ■ *'.»' • * .•V ‘ > . A ilk • ' I ^C^!^:a:A; ’i ' ’ ■' • A>:r •- - ..1 -> J . ;•" ' 'f m ^ Ak . kf ‘ ^ li ^ W T I ».» I « 'V. , .W-. '$T %: PfeVi yk- ■ ^ v,*" '•i - tf- ■.. . t>?*f **f ^-4^ ' ,. {.if ^ . ^ • « .4 ' < 4 4 4 4 f : iA* K ‘ ^ ' I l‘, Ji. ,'-V»' -If ,.iiv|- , 4 -> I * j ^ ‘ ,, , ■ .. .~^.i ■*. .*A '■ - ,7:.- - , ' *' >, . ■ c* , ;.iiv|. vjiy , 4 -v 4'' * ' ■ ■ . . ■ li*. t ' • ' ■* ■ • ■/ ' 1 ^ . k. -f -' i;' -■ -• ^ / - • ■ ■■^'- 4'",. i; . ■ . »..> i ki;^ j>'a V/ >i; tiiiiti -■ • :> t;M> if* I . .M ''i ‘iV * At. ..1 ■ : , j A '^ ‘ '’ SffcMio *4. 'J,' ■f V . .• .- . I . .^ >v‘! V i ^ f . ! : U* 1 1* A • - / ' •••;■; • V -f • r ♦ •* ■v^ it ;, -t. » L'^- '. -' ' r. * f ■ 'v. . i . ► 'i r V Aiv r«/7 ■• i? •:■»¥« Upfalice, Aug, i, 1775. F. S. JACOBO ROBSON f. d. Car. Linnaeus. j/^^Ccepi ante 0(5liduum literas tuas d. 30 Junii. Obflupefcunt extranei ad adfpedtum operum Anglorum, quae in hiftoria natural! prodeunt, et quorum limulia nullibi vidit orbis et fero vifurus eft, Catefby Carolina, Ellilii Carallinae, Ehretii figurae, Milleri ordines, Edwardi Aves, &c. Edvvardi Aves certe primum locum tenent, inter omnia opera, quae in Or- nithologia prodiere, in quibus dubius haereo, utrum magis extollam au(fto- ris infinitam diligentiam in conquirendo rariffimam copiam avium nova- rum ex toto orbe, et acutifTime defcribendo earum flrudluram j an figuras dando vivas et accuratiffimas, et quales mundus antea non vidit. Optime itaque facis, quod des novam editionem, ne deficiat opus naturae confultis, quo carere nequeunt. Novam ego adorno editionem Syftematis Naturae multiim audlam, quam hoc anno abfolvere nequeo, fed proximo vere, v. D. paratam praeflabo. D. Forflerum veftratem cum toto orbe ardenter exfpedtamus, quern no- vimus ut ex ungue Leonem. Evolvi immortale opus Edwardi, adpofui raptim meas nomenclaturas ad mandatum tuum. Tibi faufta omnia adprecor. I • .»* ' •‘t 1:' \ :i.i V l/iun ; ■i :X w'‘i .ft >.:i it<> M •* \ J ♦ ' ' H I , ,1 ' \ ' U .V* ik ibiB^;iiiiiiilMMii\' ^ :' ^rrlw'-siiii n . *iiVJ ^. Avi ^ '. . ; i rfli. I; :- '. .■ '♦i »Ju*’jrL'., ; .;i.\is-t«ltMf ?! *" rf > *ii , ♦ V‘4i^murrri'^^ nsj. ; . ^ 'J i - ' — I 'Tfl,. • , . ’a ■ . ^ * t * j ■ -t ’ ' .- ! . j ■ . ^ , ! ■ ■ ■ J^, ^ 1^1. ;'ft Ku^in^ - • -ifi . ^ . a .. I - t *' ^ ..A .i'ri«MMA>':M.lk’(titrk'i f, • ZM-t ■t !■>#,-.' V •;‘'*WJf’‘'’^^**\'*'^ 'i ; ; ^kr‘ ’ : .-'‘.wiT *> . ’ I ir .' fff- r U*'nOJ' .i.1' . ‘'^i/') ♦^l.' A^-f*.-. ';^ ^^,* ' ; - , .,j*ll|^th»i»:l;'jSf ^ '. '- '■'' ♦:• ' ./ii ?')'.)i‘h '■•.;'i^',iif-«*>*,-i'‘-AVri ■ •-■;-7fi v , .!.:itvif-', iS-!'-! v.i- .„.i , , .-i . i- o .' :1%.vr,/ ' */’i - f .1 'a } /l V ’ ^ ' -Tl I'T'a r < ^ t r J/^1 .' a-^ - * a 4- » - ' S*‘ J yv • > V 1 >i3 . . r^ , ^fUi' ‘ • ' u. ut^': • '".*■ 'T~ • .’ ■ «.v Jy {\, /.--' ■j ■> - , r » t- • I . -.;_ t-y.-H-- ‘A ^ ^ ‘ " ' V. rj^: ' fri.> ^■. ; • ,y j i>,.- ^r?t‘;' .'’I'l^ Mi ^ . <4., -'■-’* • .- 'H-f-'M -tr,' ■' ■ I' • ■ r*‘ " ‘-ijf '. ■ .: ': ‘^' w! * ■ . ’ ^ - # ; ;iMi : V ./'" i' K - ■ : 'U ■ '• v« >4 W ■ ' A CATALOGUE of the BIRDS, &c. With the Latin Names by LINNiEUS. 1 T X 7HITE tailed eagle 2 V V King of the vultures 3 Spotted hawk or falcon 4 Black hawk or falcon 5 Black parrot 6 Smalleft green and red Indian paroquet 7 Touraco 8 Great king fifher 9 Black and white king fifher 10 Swallow tailed king fifher 1 1 Little Indian king fifher 12 Arabian buftard 13 Quan or guan 14 Green winged dove 1 5 Long tailed dove 1 6 T ranfverfe flriped dove 1 7 Minor or mino 1 8 Solitary fparrow 19 Chinefe fterling 20 Rofe coloured ou2al 21 Blue creeper — Golden headed black titmoufe 22 Red bellyed blue bird 2 3 Red headed green finch 24 Blue red breaft 25 Green black cap— Blue headed fly cat- cher 26 Brown and white creeper 1 T^ALCO canadenfis 2 A Vulturpapa. 3 Falco 4 Falco 5 Pfittacus niger 6 Pfittacus 7 Cuculus perfa 8 Alcedo fmyrnenfis 9 Alcedo rudis 10 Alcedo paradifea 1 1 Alcedo ifpida 12 Otis arabs 1 3 Meleagris criftata 14 Columba indica 15 Columba marginata 16 Columba flriata 1 7 Gracula religiofa 18 Turdus cyaniis 19 Gracula criflatella 20 Turdus rofeus 21 Certhia cserulea — Pipra erythrocephala 22 Motacilla velia 23 Tanagra gyrola 24 Motacilla fialis 2 5 Certhia fpiza 26 Certhia pufilla — PapilUo orithya B i 6 A CATALOGUE. 27 Great martin or fwift 27 Hirundo melba 28 Blue throat red dart 28 Motacilla fuecica 29 Great red dart 29 Motacilla phoenicurus 30 Cock gold finch — Hen gold finch 30 Motacilla atricapilla 3 1 Red or rufiet coloured wheat ears 3' Motacilla dapazina 32 Long tailed red humming bird — little 32 Trochilus ruber — pella brown humming bird 33 I^ong tailed green hummingbird 33 Trochilus forficalus 34 Long tailed black cap humming bird 34 Trochilus polytmus 35 White bellyed humming bird — Green 35 Trochilus mellivorus and blue humming bird 36 Black bellyed green humming birds 36 Trochilus holofericeus 37 Creded humming bird 37 Trochilus cridatus 38 Red throated humming birds 3« Trochilus colubris — Pa pilio melpomene 39 Red bird from Surinam • 39 Ampelis carnifex 40 Gowry bird and beetle 40 Loxia punidulata — Sea rabseus gideon 41 Cock padda or rice bird 41 Loxia oryzivora 42 Hen padda or rice bird 42 Loxia femina ejufdem 43 Chinefe fparrows 43 Loxia malacca 44 Yellow headed linnet 44 Loxia mexicana 45 Greater Indian crane 45 Ardea antigone 46 Coot footed tringa 46 Tringa lobata 47 Black breaded Indian plover 47 Charadrius fpinofus 48 Spur winged water hen 48 Parra variabiiis 49 The penguin 49 Phaeton demerfus 50 Spotted Greenland dove 50 Colymbus grylie 51 The Greenland buck 5* Cervus tarandus 52 The porcupine 52 Hydrix canadenfis 53 Adi coloured buzzard 53 Falco 54 Creded red, or rufiet butcher bird 54 Lanins cridatus 55 Lead butcher bird 55 Parus biarmicus 56 Fork tail’d Indian butcher bird 56 Lanius c^rulefcens 57 Great fpotted cuckow 57 Cuculus glandarius 58 Black Indian cuckow 58 Cuculus niger 59 Brown fpotted Indian cuckow 59 Cuculus fcolopaceus 60 Great horned ov/1 60 Strix 61 Great white owl 61 Strix nydelea 62 Ijittle hawk owl 62 Strix 63 Whip poor will, or lefier'goat fucker 63 Caprimulgus europasus 64 The toucan, or brafiilian pye 64 Ramphados pifeivorus 65 Grey headed green woodpecker 65 Picus viridis 66 Black and white chinefe pheafants 66 Phafianus nyfthemerus 67 The peacock pheafant 67 Pavo bicalcaratus A C A T 68 The painted pheafant 69 The hen peacock pheafant 70 Red leg’d partridge 71 Brown fpotted heathcock- 72 White partridge 73 Buftard cock 74 Buftard hen 75 Triangular fpottted pigeon 76 Brown ’Indian dove 77 Black headed Indian iderus 78 Lefler mock bird 79 Green Indian fly catcher 80 Small American red-ftart < 8 1 Little blackj white & red Indian creeper — and fwallow taild butterfly 82 Greater bull finch 83 Little brown bull finch — Black and- yellow manakin 84 Indian green finch 85 The fchomburger 86 Red breafted long rail’d finch 87 The purple water hen 88 Tlie albatrofs 89 The great black petteril 90 White and black fpotted petterii. 91 Small black and white divers 92 The pelican 93 The pelican of America 94 The black footed penguin 95 The red breafted goofander 96 Black and white dobchick — and the eared dobchick 97 Red throated ducker or loon 98 Great black and white duck 99 Dufky and fpotted duck 100 Little black and white duck 101 Summer duck of Carolina 102 Chinefe teal 103 Quick hatch or wolverene 104 The marmotte of America L O G U B. 7. 68 Phafianus piflus 69- Pavo bicalcaratus/m.— Phafianus pi<5lus 70 Tetrao rufus 71 Tetrao 72 Tetrao lagopus 73 Otis tarda 74 Otis tarda 75 Columba guinea 76 Columba leucoptera 77 Oriolus melanocephalus 78 Turdus orpheus 79 Motacilla tiphia 86 Mufcicapa ruticilla — Pa- pilio charitonia 8 1 Certhia cruantata — Papi- lio marfyas 82 Tanagra militaris 83 Loxio bicolor — Pipra au« reola 84 Fringilla butyracea 85 Oriolus melancholicus - 86 Emberiza paradifea 87 Fulica porphyrio 88 Diomedea exulans'f 89 Procellaria sequinodlialis . 90 Procellaria pelagica — Pro- cellaria capenfis 91 Alca alle 92 Pelecanus onocrotalus- 93 Pelecanus onocrotalus,— niger 94 Diomedea demerfa - 95 Mergus merganfer , 96 Colymbus auritus 97 Colymbus feptentrionalis 98 Anas mollifTima 99 Anas hiftrionica 100 Anas albeola 101 Anas fponfa 102 Anas galericulata' 103 Urfus lufeus 104 Mus monax - 8 A CATALOGUE. 105 Leaft humming bird, two beetles, with map of the Author’s travels 106 Bearded vulture 107 Ring tail’d hawk 108 Little black and orange Indian hawk 109 The roller 1 10 The greater bird of paradife 1 1 1 King of the greater birds of Paradife 1 1 2 Golden bird of Paradife 1 1 3 Pyed bird of Paradife 114 Three toed woodpecker 1 1 5 American king fifher 116 Horned Indian pheafant 1 1 7 I>ong tail’d grous from Hudfon’s bay 1 1 8 Black and fpotted heathcock 119 The mountain partridge 120 Great American martin 121 American nightingale — and green fparrow 122 Black and yellow creeper — American hedge fparrow 123 Greateft bulfinch cock 124 Greateft bulfinch hen 125 Blue grofs beak 126 The fnow bird J27 Dominican cardinal 128 Green gold-finch — Butterfly from China 129 Linnets, two forts 130 Painted finches 13 1 Blue bellied finch 132 Hooping crane 133 Brown and aflicoloured crane 134 Demoifelle ofNumidia 135 Alh coloured heron 136 The bittern 137 Greater American godwit 138 Red breafted godwit 139 White godwit — white red fliank 140 Spotted plover 141 The Turn (tone 142 Red cootfooted tringa 143 Cock cootfooted tringa 105 Trochilus minimus — Pa- pilio bilobus 106 Vulture barbatus 107 Falco hudfonius 108 Falco coerulefcens 109 Coracias garrula no Paradifea apoda 1 1 1 Paradifea regia 1 1 2 Oriolus aureus 1 1 3 Muficapa paradifi 1 1 4 Picus trydadylus 1 1 5 Alcedo alcyon 116 Meleagris Satyra 1 17 Tetrao 1 18 Tetrao canadenfes 1 19 Columba montana 120 Hirundo fubis 12 1 Todos viridis-— Motacit- ta calidris 122 Certhra flaveola 123 Loxia enucleator 124 Loxia enucleator 125 Loxia cyanea 126 Emberiza nivalis 127 Loxia dominica 128 Fringilla melba — Papi- lio glaucipe 129 Fringilla 1 30 Emberiza ciris 13 1 Fringilla angolenfis — Amaryllis formoflima 132 Ardea Americana 133 Ardea canadenfis 134 Ardea virgo 135 Ardea hudfonias 136 Ardea 137 Scolopax fedoa 138 Scolopax lapponica 139 Scolopax alba — Scolo- pax Candida 140 Charadrius apricarius 141 T ringa interpres 142 Tringa fulicana 143 Tringa hyperborea A CAT 144 Little American water hen 145 Florned dobchick 1 46 Speckled diver, or loon 147 Northern penguin 148 The arflick bird 149 Ardick and tropick bird /1 50 Wild fwan 15 1 Canada goofe 152 Blue winged goofe 153 The laughing goofe 1 54 Grey headed duck 155 Great black duck 156 Long tail’d duck 157 Little brown and white duck 158 Red and blue maccaw 159 Blue and yellow maccaw j6o Greater cockatoo 1 61 Brafilian green parrot 162 Great green parrot 163 Afh coloured red parrot 1 64 Leffer green parrot 165 Hawk-headed parrot 166 White headed paroc 167 Dufky parrot 168 Little green parrot 169 White breafted parrot 170 Black capp’d lory 1 7 1 Second black capp’d lory 172 Scarlet lory 173 Long tail’d fcarlet lory 1 74 Lory parrakeet 175 Long taild green parakeet 176 Red and blue headed parakeet 177 Brown throated parrakeet 178 The grenadier, dufky butterfly and beetles 179 Grey finch and wax bill 180 Sparrow of paradife 18 1 Little Indian pye — Ground fquirrel 1 82 Spotted Indian woodpecker 183 Indian bee eater, with a plant A L O G U E. 144 Rallus Carolinus 145 Colymbus auritus 146 Colymbus glacialis 147 Alca impennis 148 Larus parafiticus 149 Phaeton tethereus 153 Anas cygnus 151 Anas canadenfls 152 Anas coerulefcens 1^3 Anas erythropus 154 Anas fpedlabilis 155 Anas perfpicillata 1 56 Anas hyemalis 1 57 Anas minuta 158 Pfirtacus macao 159 Pfittacus arararacina 160 Pfittacus criftatus 161 Pfittacus Brafilienfis 162 Pfittacus seftivus j 63 Pfittacus erithacus 164 Pfittacus autumnalis 165 Pfittacus accipitrinus 1 66 Pfittacus leucocephalus 167 Pfittacus fordidus 168 Pfittacus agilis 169 Pfittacus melanocephalus 170 Pfittacus lory 171 Pfittacus domicella 172 Pfittacus garrulus 173 Pfittacus borneus 1 74 Pfittacus ornatus 175 Pfittacus rufiroftris 176 Pfittacus canicularis 177 Pfittacus asruginofus 178 Loxia oryx, Curculio, Drur. 2 t. 34. 179 Loxia cana — Loxia af- trild. 180 Loxia erythrocephala I 81 Gracula faularis 182 Picus fenegallenfis 183 Merops viridis — Gna- phalium eximium C 30 A C A T A L O G U E. j 84 Brown Indian, thrufla. 185 Golden thrufli 186 Yellow Indian ftarling 187 Black and white Indian darling. 188 Grofs beak, or hawk finch 189 Yellow headed Indian fparrow 190 Indian red dart — Thorn taild indian lizard 19 1 Red and blue Brafilian finch — The flying fquirrell 192 Crowned African crane 193 Black bill’d whidling duck. 194 Red billed whidling duck 195 Little lion monkey 196 Little black monkey J97 The maucauco 197 Barbarian fquirrel 199 Indian Icbjieumon 200 Little Indian buffalo 201 Three fmall bats, long and daort eared 202 Large green fpotted lizard 203 Great fpotted lizard 204 African land tortoife 205 Land tortoife from Carolina 206 Sea tortoife 207 Double headed fnake, and two butter- flies 208 Mango fifh, and great brown locuft. 209 Chinefe gold finch, 210 Ribband fifh 2 1 1 Apple fervice 212 Hand of a boy with a didempered fkin 213 - Man of the woods 2 4 Pigtaild monkey 215 St. Jago m.onkey 216 The mongooze 217 Black maucauco 218 Sanglin, or cagui minor 219 The geruba 220 Little ant eater 221 Elephant and rhinoceros 184 Turdus canorus 185 Oriolus galbula 186 Oriolus 187 Sturmus contra 188 Loxia coccothraudes 189 Loxia bengalenfis 190 Motacillaemeria— Lacer- tus cauda fquamofma 19 1 Fringella granatina — Mus volans 192 Ardea pavonia 193 Anas arborea 194 Anas autumnalis- 195 Simia oedipus 196 Simia midas 197 Lemur catta 198 Sciurus getulus 199 Viverra ichneumon 200 Bos indicus 201 Vefpertilio perfpicillatus auritus, murinus 202 Phalsna groffulariata 203 Lacerta 204 Tedudo pufilla 205 Tedudo Carolina 206 Tedudo caretta 207 Serpens biceps-=Papilia anchifes 208 Polynemus paradifseus Gryllus migratorius 209 Cyprinus auratus 210 Odracion 2 1 1 Sorbus domedica 2 1 2 Cratsegus torminalis 213 Simia fatyrus 214 Simia nemedria 2 1 5 Simia fabea 2j6 Lemur mogoz 217 Lemur maucacQ. 218 Simia jacchus 219 Musjaculus 220 Myrmecophagodidaflyla 2 2 1 Elephas maximus — Rhi- noceros unicornis A CATALOGUE. n 222 The male zebra 223. The female zebra 224 The crowned eagle 225 Blue hawk — and little brown lizzard 226 Black aod white butcher-bird 227 Great horned owl 228 Little owl 229 Brafilian green maecaw 230 Blue-faced green parrot 231 Green and red parrot from China" 232 Red breaded parrakeet 233 Rofe headed ring parrakeet 234 Yellow faced parrakeet 235 Golden crowned parrakeet 236 Little red winged parrakeet 2:37. Little red headed parrakeet 238 Red beaked toucan 239 Blue jay and red fummer bird 240 The nut cracker 241 Purple breaded blue manakin- 242 Chatterer of Carolina 243 Leder Bonana bird 244 Woodpecker of Jamaica 245 Little green and orange coloured king fifher 246 The francolin 247 Chinefe quail and Guernfey lizard" 248 Ruff headed heath cock, or grous 249 Little pin tail’d grous 250 Indian budard 251 Little budard 252 Golden crowned thrudi 253 Olive coloured fly catcher 254 Golden crowned wren — and the ruby crowned wren 255 Yellow rump’d fly catcher — and the gentian of the defart 256 Yellow red pole 257 Yellow tail’d fly catcher- 258 Yellow water wag tail— the walking leaf 222 Equus zebra, maf. 223 Equus Zebra, fan. 224 Falco coronatus 225 Falco caerulefcens 2'2 6- Lanius doliatus 227 Strix bubo 228 Strix paffcrina 229 Pfittacus feverus 230 Ramphados dicolorus 231 Rhinoceros unicornu 232 Pfittacus haematodus 233 Pfittacus alexandri 234 Pfittacus pertinax 235 Pfittacus pafferinus 236 Pdttacus 237 Pfittacus pulLritis 238 Ramphados tucanus' 239 Corvus cridatus — Mu-- fcicapa rubra 240 Corvus caryocatactes 241 Tamagra jacova — Am- pelis cotinga 242 Ampelis garrulus 243 Oriotus Mexicanus 244 Picus 245 Alcedo fuperciliofa 246 Tetrao falcolinus 247 .Tetrao chinenfis — La- certa agilio 248 Tetrao umbellatus 249 Tetrao alchata 250 Otis 2 5 1 Otis tetrax 252' Motacilla canadenfis 253 Mufcicapa olivacea 2 54 Motacilla calendula 255 Mufcicapa lutea — Gen- tiana autumnalis 256 Motacilla leucurus 257 'Motacilla - 258 Motacilla — Mantis fy- cifolia A CA TALOGUE. 259 I'he grey water wag tail — and water lizard 260 Black and white cap’d manakin 261 Blue back’d red and black manakin 262 Spotted green tit-moufe — Grey and yellow fly catcher 263 Golden tit-moufe 264 Black and blue creeper 265 Purple Indian creepers 266 Red breafted and green throated hum- ming birds — and the dormoufe 26y Red breafted black bird 268 The calandra 269 Mountain fparrows, cock and hen 270 Long tail’d fparrow, and dufley linnet 271 Black and yellow frizled fparrow 272 The collared finch 273 Painted finch, cock and hen 274 American gold finch, cock and hen 275 Little brown bittern 276 The knot 277 Spotted tringa — and pine creeper 278 Leaft water hen — yellow wren 279 American water rail 280 Long tailed ducL 281 Beaks of birds little known 282 Spur fifh — and Indian gattorugina 283 Sea bat — and pyed acarauna 284 Horned fifh — and the fea fcorpion 285 Greater cock-roach — and whiftle infedt 286 The balanus of the whale, with po- lypes— the limaxmarina — the hairy crab, and the herring bone coral- line. 287 Small mud tortoife 288 The prickled dog, or hound fifh, 289 The greater cat fifh 290 Crefted black vulture 291 Marfh hawk, and the read birds 259 Motacilla voarula — La- certa paluftris 260 Pipra manacus 261 Pipra 262 Todos cinereus — Tana- gra cajana 263 Tanagra violacea 264 Certhia cyanea 265 Mus avellanarius 266 Trochilus jugularis Mus avellanarius 267 Tanagro jacapa 268 Alauda calandra 269 Fringilla montana 270 Emberiza principalis 271 Fringilla crifpa 272 Fringilla 2 73 Tanagra 274 Fringilla triftis 275 Ardea minuta 276 Tringa 277 Tringa macularia 278 Tringa 279 Rallus 280 Anas glacialis 28 i 282 Duceros bicornis — Du- ceros rhinoceros 283 Lophius vefpertilio 284 Oftracion tricornis, qua- dricomis 285 Gryllus locufta — Spi- nulofus 286 Lepas aurita — Chiton aculeatus, Sertularia 287 Teftudo 288 Squalus fpinax 289 Squalus canicula 290 Vultur monachus .291 Falco, %'ide 225 A CATALOGU E. 292 Ring parrakeet, and blue headed parrakeet 293 Saphire crowned parrakeet, and golden winged parrakeet 294 The dodo, and Guinea pig ■295 Curaflb bird, and the culhew bird 296 Little thrulh 297 Lark from Penfilvanla 298 Golden coloured fly catchers 299 Golden wing’d fly catcher — and fpot- ted tortoife-fhell butterfly 300 Black throated green fly catcher 301 Red throated fly catchers 302 Little blue grey fly catchers 303 Crofs bills, 304 White throated fparrdw 305 The worm eater 306 The malacca grofs beak — and the jaccarini 307 The whimbrel, or lefier curlew 308 Grey coot footed tringa 309 Man of war bird 310 The floth 3 1 1 Middle fized black monkey 3 1 2 Bufh tail’d monkey 313 The great green maccaw 3 1 4 Blue headed parrot 315 Little dufky parrot 3 1 6 Great black cockatoo 317 Leffer white cockatoo yellow crefl; 318 Grey pye of Brafil 3 1 9 Black and yellow daw of Brafil 320 Blue and green daw 32 1 Green pye of the Ifle of Ceylon 322 Yellow winged pye— and greateft lo- cuft 323 Yellow headed ftarling — Strawberry tree 324 Short tailed pye — and elephant beetle 325 Crefted long tail’d pye 292 Pfittacus Alexandti 293 PfittaCus galgulus — pfil- tacus chryfopterus 294 Dodus ineptus — Porcel- lus 295 Crax globifera — Crax pauxi 296 Turdus 297 Alauda 298 Motacilla coronata 299 Motacilla chryfoptera— Papilio populi 300 Motacilla 301 Motacilla Penfylvanica 302 Motacilla csrulea 303 Loxia curviroftra 304 PafTer penfylvanica 305 Vermivora Americ ; ,306 Loxia maja 307 Tanagra — Jacarina 308 Tringa lobata 309 Pilecanus aquilus 310 Bradipus tridadylus 3 1 1 Simia augula 312 Simia capucina 313 Pfittacus militari* 3 1 4 Pfittacus menftruus 3 1 5 Pfittacus fpeftrum 316 Pfittacus fpeOlrum 3 1 7 Pfittacus criflatus 3 1 8 Lanius negeta 319 Oriolus perficus 320 Coracias bicator 321 Turdus zeylonicus 322 Oriolus cayanenfis — gryl- lus criftatus 323 Oriolus icterocephalus — Arbutus unedo 324 Corvus brachiurus — Searabgeus Hercules 325 Mufcicapa paradifi, var. 15 14 A CATALOGUE. 326 Blue jay from the Eaft Indies 327 Swallow tail’d Indian roller 328 Brafilian faw bill’d roller 329 Yellow breafted toucan 330 Green toucan 331 Yellow bellycd green cuckoo 332 Red check’d woodpecker 333 Yellow woodpecker with black fpots 334 The Jacamaciri of Marcgrave 335 Spotted king fiflier 336 Crefted king fifher 337 The Turkey pheafant 338 Great crowned Indian pigeon 339 Pigeon of the I Be of Nicobar 340 Cock purple breafted manakin 341 The pompadour 342 The ftirley — and fly from China 343 The fcarlet fparrow — Swallow tailed butterfly 344 White fac’d manakin — Ruby creft- ed humming bird 355 The hoopoe 346 Wall creeper of Surinam— great dufky Swallow tailed butterfly 347 Red breafted green creeper 348 Black and white fly catcher — and the all green creeper 349 The tit-moufe of Paradile 350 Black and blue tit-moufe 351 The fayacu — and the guira guacii- beraba of Marcgrave 352 The yellow red pole 353 Black and dulky fparrows 454 Little fparrow — and wax bill 355 The amadavad — and white breafted Indian fparrow ,356 The lefier ibis — and the animal plant 357 Spur w'inged water hen 358 The Puffin — and razor bill 359 The Puffin — and the guillamoc 326 Coracias indica 327 Coracias caudata 328 Ramphaftos momota 329 Ramphaftos viridis 330 Ramphaftos 331 Trogon curucui 332 Picus undatus 333 Picos 334 Alcedo galbula 335 Alcedo indica 336 Alcedo 337 Meleagris hybrida 338 Columba coronata 339 Columba nicobarica 340 Ampelis cotinga 341 Ampelis pompadora 342 Tanagra militaris — Pa- pilio polytes 343 Tanagra brefilia — Papi. lio machaon 344 Trochilus elatus — Pi- pra albifrons 345 Upupaepops 346 Sitta — Papilio deipho- bus 347 Certhia afra 348 Motacilla 349 Tanagra tatao 350 Tanagra Mexicana 351 Motacilla guira 352 Loxia angolenfis 353 Mufcicapa olivacea 354 Loxia aftrild 355 Loxia malacca — Frin- gilla amandava 356 Tantalus minutus — vor- ticella ovifera 357 Fulicajacana 358 Aka aretica — Torda 359 Procellara puffinus— Colymbus troile A CATALOGUE. 15 360 The round crefted duck — Greater dobchick — and all green humming bird 361 Wall creeper, or fpider catcher 362 Black linnet — olive coloured linnet 360 Mergus cucullatus — Trochilus mellifugus — Colymbus troile 361 Pipra aureola 362 Certhia muraria~Cer- thia flaveola. N. B. It is recommended in binding the 'whole Worky that the foregoing Cata- logue be placed immediately after the Life and Addenda, before the Pre~ face to the firf Volwne \ and the Indexes to each Part with the common Latin Names y and the general Generical Index in Englify French y and Latin, to remain at each Part as originally publifoed by the Author, publified in one Volume in Folioy printed upon Royal Paper » Price Five Guineas in Boardsy HARRIS’S A U R E L I A N : O R, NATURAL HISTORY OF ENGLISH INSECTS: Namely, Moths and Butterflies; together with the Plants on which they feed ; with a faithful Account of their refpedlive Changes, their ufual Haunts when in the winged State, and their flandard Names, as given and eftablifhed by the Society of Aurelians drawn, engraved,, and coloured by the Author’s own Hands, from the Natural Subjects themfelves, on 45 copper Plates ; — a new and complete Edition with great Additions, with a Table of Terms ufed in the Defcriptions, and a complete Index, with the trivial Names of LinnjEus. N B. ’Fhe additional party containing four copper plates colour edy 'with defcrip- tionsy alfo the Fable of Ferms 'with the Linncean IndeXy may be had fpa~ rate io compleat Copies, * Alfo juf publi foe dy by the Author, llluf rated with « Butterfly, delineated at large and colour edy with Refer en* £es and Explanation of all the PartSy THE ENGLISH LEPIDOPTERA: OR THE AURELIANS POCKET COMPANION: Containing a Catalogue of upward of Four Hundred Moths and But- terflies: The Food of their refpedlive Caterpillars The Time of Changing into Chryfalis, and Appearance in the winged State. Alfo the Places v.?here they frequent and are ufually found : With a concife Defcription of each, and their Dimenlions. Printed for J. ROBSON, Bookseller, New Bond STREETi T H E # r H 1 H E Wifdom and Power of God are manifeji to all Rational Creatures t from a CoJt-- 1 templation of his wonderjul W 'irks in the Creation of this World: He hath formed every Beajl of the Field ^ Bird of the Air^ and Fijh of the Waters: He hath alfo formed every Free and Plant ; every creeping InfeSi was made by Him. All that the Earthy Air, or Waters produce were created by God's Power. Now Man being the only rational Being in this World, it feemeth plain by natural Light, that the Dominion of all Creatures was given to him by God-, therefore fnce Man s Obligation to God is great“ er than that of any other Creature, his A5ls of Humiliation, Adoration and Gratitude ought to be in fome degree proportionable to the Favour and Benefts he hath received, Amongji the many A5ls of gratitude we owe to God, it may be accounted one, to fudy and contemplate the Perfe5lions and Beauties of his Works of Creation. Every new Difcovery muji necejfarily raife in us a frejh Senfe of the Greatnefs, Wifdom and Power of God : He hath fo order'd Fhings that almofl every Part of the Creation is for our Beneft, either [A] to VI PREFACE. to the iupport of our Being, the Delight of our Senfes, or the agreeable Exercife of the rati- onal Faculty. If there are fame few poifonous Animals and Plants fatal to Man, thefe may Jerve to heighten the contrary BleJJings ; fince we could have no Idea oj Benefits, were we infenfible of their Contraries', and feeing God has given us Reafon, by which we are able to choofe the Good and avoid the Evil, we fuffer very little from the malignant Parts of the Creation. God hath given to brutal Animals a certain Law whereby to govern themf elves, which is called an Infiinbl, it being an inward implanted 1‘endency to particular Ablions,. from which they cannot firay. I’hts Infiinbi, or inward Force, appears to be fironger in Brutes than in the human Species, and fupplies to them the DefeB of Reafon. Man hath an InfiinB alfo,- but much weaker than that in other Animals', but to make up that W int God hath given him a glimmering of that heavenly Light, called Reafon* No%v as Man was defignd Lord of this lower World, and the Pojfefion of every Part thereof was given to him, the InfiinB of Brutes would not have been fufficient, nor would Reafon itfelf have been enough without fiome inward Appetites ; for without InfiinB his Generation would probably have foon been at an End j and we Jhould have negleBed the Support of our individual Bodies, had we only Reafon, and not Hunger to tell us, that Eating was necejj'ary to Life. Reafon is our DireBor, when we change our Country from one extreme Climate to another : I^he Ruffian tho' inclofed in clofe Houfes firmly fecurd againfi the Penetration of the cold Air, and inwardly heated with Stoves, when he travels into Perfia and India, is direBed by the fame Reafon to fieep in the open Air, and on the Lops of Houfes, and to ufe Machines to agitate and bring frejh Air about him j and on the contrary the Ethiopian, thd his Lodging be in the open Plains and Deferts, and he without any Clothing, yet when he is brought to Europe, he is glad to fcreen himfelf in warm Houfes, and warm himfelf by Fires, and cover himfelf with thick Clothing. Reafon giveth Man this Pre-eminence over brute Beajls ; by it he can make almofi all Parts of the World habitable to him by Arts and Inventions to fcreen himfelf from the great Heats in fome Parts, and defend himfelf from the piercing Colds in other Parts of the World. No brute Animal can thus indifferently inhabit any Part of the World, becaufe their innate PREFACE. vil innate Laws are unchangeable^ and accommodated only to fuch Climates as Nature has placed them in; fo that I believe there is no Creature whofe Race isfpread in all habi- table Parts of the Worlds as is that of the human Species. Each Animal feems to have his appointed Climate, out of which, if he be removed to one far different, his Generation ceafeth or lofeth its firft Properties; whereas fuch Creatures as contmue where Nature placed them, vary hardly at all from the Species from which they fprang, pre- ferving the fame Magnitude, Form and Colours throughout all Ages ; for it feemeth as if God had fet particular Marks of Diftinhiion on each Species from which they cannot fray. From this Reafon I found the Agreement between each different Generation of Animal and Plant, which always continues to bear the Form and Likenefs of th of e in which they were firf inclofed. Indeed fome domejiick Animals and Plants differ in fome Sort from their firf Parents, which were favage, I take thefe Differences not to be very material, and to proceed from the unnatural Food, Habitation, and other Circumfances that may alter the Plant or Animal in Magnitude or Colour y which is not material, feeing thefe L’hings fo made domefick, if turned again to their native Habitations, in a Genera- tion or two caf off thofe Accidents attain'd by unnatural Situations, and recover their frf Forms and Colours famped on them in the firf Creation of the whole Species. Many who have wrote in former Times on Nature, fuppofe that all Things which were at firfi created by God bn this Globe, have been ever fince, by his Providence, continued through an implanted feminal Power down to thefe Times, and will continue as long as the Earth endureth ; yet fome great Naturalifis in thefe Days are quite of a different Opinion, and their Reafons for thefe Opinions are founded on the great Variety of fofiU Subfiances found daily in many Parts of the World', refembling Animals and Parts of Animals now in being, as well as Animals and Parts of Animals not to be met %vith by the mofi laborious Searches of the Curious. From the general Face of Things we may fafely conclude there have been great Revo- lutions on the Face of this Earth, which in many Places feem to have been caufed by a great ^antity of Water prevailing, and pajfing very fwiftly over its Surface, break- ing up its lower Parts, and rearing them into Mountains, and carrying other Parts which PREFACE. Mil u'htch have lain high into the Sea ; fo that in ma7iy Places voe find buried in high Moun- tains far Inland, Subfiances which received their firfi Formation in the Sea, an din fome low Grounds deep buried near the Sea, we find many Things that received their firfi Forms in the Mountains. It is probable fome of thefe great Revolutions might be fo wide fpread at once, as utterly to extinguijlo fome Animals that were in God's original Creation of this World. If we confider the beautiful Parts of Nature, fo far as they charm the Sight by the Lufire and Variety of Colours, and the Finene/s of the Texture of Parts, I think many will agree, that the fine Things produced may charm the Eye, as much as the mofi fiudied and harmonious Compofitions in Mufick can charm the Ear. But it is common to fay, that People who have no delight in Mufick, have no Ear: And I think, we may as jufily fay of thofe who are no ways moved to Admiration, when the Beauties of Nature prefent themfelves, that they want Eyes. Whether or not Nature dfign'd the beauti- ful Forms and Colourings we perceive in feveral Kinds of InfeBs and other Animals, as Things to delight and pleafe the Senfe of thofe Animals and others of the brute Creation j cr whether they were defignd principally for the Delight and Contemplation of Man the Lord of this lower World, is a ^lefiion. A Reafon in my Opinion, why InfeBs are not fenfible of their own Beauty, is the Form of their Eyes, which let in the Light through a kind of Net-work, which mufi difcover the ObjeBs in a confifed Manner ; or if we fuppofe each little Part a difiinB Eye, they are fo fmall that an ObjeB mufi almofi touch them, to be difiinBly perceived in its Parts, and the ^lantity taken in at once fo fmall, that the intire Form of one InfeB can hardly appear plain to another ; thefe Eyes may indeed ferve them to difiinguijh opake Bodies from the clear Air they fiy in, and when they approach very near to pick out fmall Particles lying on Leaves and Fruits which fiippiy mofi InfeB s with Food. Now feeing the Eyes of Man feem to be more adapted than thofe of InfeB s to receive the various Forms and Colours of natural Things, I am of Opinion that God principally de- fignd thefe Things not only topleafe and delight the outward Senfes of Man, but that the Contemplation of .them fijould point out to the Mind the furprifing Manner of God's Method of of working who created all things and :his may ferve as jiatural ^irgumtnt. :f his infyiite Wifdom and Power. Mr. Horfley in his Britannia Romana, making a fort of Apology for that Work in his Preface, has thefe Words, which will not be amifs to quote for my prefent Purpofe. I have always looked on it as an Inftance of divine Wifdom, that it Ihould be “ fo order’d that different Men have fuch different Taftes and Inclinations. By ** this means the feveral Parts of Knowledge are more cultivated : And I think “ we owe our Thanks to any one, who will apply himfelf to the Study of any ** particular Thing j though it feem minute, and may not fuit our Tafle or Inclina- “ tion to purfue it ourfelves. This gives us, at leafl, an Opportunity of knowing on eafier Terms what can be faid on that Subject.” It is always neceJJ'ary that every Age foould labour to difcover fome thing, and not ■ ft down content with the Difcoveries of our Forefathers, for Experience fews the Knowledge of our Ancefors dwindles away, and decays daily ; for fuch is the Nature of Time, that it obfcures or defroys the Knowledge of paf Ages by the many wafieful Events which happen in a long Courfe of Tears, fuch as Fire, Rapine, Inundations, Lofs of the Liberties of Countries, and many other Things. Put more than all thefe, ^ the Change of Languages af 'eSls our Knowledge for no Language continues the fame for many Centuries : Infcriptions indeed have continued fome Thoufands of Tears, but when the Languages are dead in which they are wrote, the Senfe of them by Ages becomes darker and darker, till at laf they are utterly obfcure, as we find the mofi antient are, witnefs the Monuments of the antient Egyptians, the Ruins of Perfepolis, and other mighty Ruins in many Parts of the World: So that we fee we cannot depend on the Knowledge of the Antients as a perpetual Fund ; we muft, as Times go, gather what we can from them, and add to it as much as we can of our own, that we may keep up the Stock wc have by adding fomething in the room of what mufi inevitably be lofi for if we fit down content with what is already known, which is a Knowledge we are fure is decreafing every Day, we in a few Ages may know nothing, and be re- duced to a fiate equal to the wild Americans, fince we know that Europe itfelf hath been well nigh reduced to fuch a State, a few Centuries ago, by falling into a fuperfiitious [ b ] Lethargy, PREFACE. K Lethargy i negleBing all farther Improvements of KnowledgCy and defpifing Reafony Naturcy and the Evidence of Senfe^ Every one ought to attain to as high a Degree of natural Knowledge as he cany for afeep .Knowledge in Nature has deteBed many falfe Prete?iders to Infpiration, Pro- phefyy and the like, while the Ignorant in Nature and her Laws have been deluded by the meanefi and lowefi Pretenders, fuch as diabolical PpJfeJJions, fantafical apparitions. Dreams, good and bad Omens, and. the like. As Arts have been brought by gradual Steps from one degree of PerfeBion to another, by joining the Knowledge of paf Limes left us in the Writings of thofe that are gone before, with the Difcoveries and Experience of the prefent Limes •, fo even the know- ledge of Nature itfelf hath been multiply d by the various degrees of Conception, and different Powers of Penetration that have been given by God through paji Ages to Llankind, which have been handed down through the Records of Lime to us. Without this Knowledge of other Men joined to our own, our Knowledge would be like that of favage People who live together in fmall Lribes or Families, and have nothing but meer mother Wit and pure natural Capacity, chiefly derived from the Senfes, to direB them, they not knowing what any of their Anceflors faid or ' thought before them for want of CharaBers to exprefs Words fo that each Mans Knowledge is his own, or has little Afliflance from others : I do not mean that while we are fearching into Na- ture s Works, we floould negleB the curious Arts and Inventions of Men -, for by being well skill'd in Arts we are enabled the better to 7nake Difcoveries in Nature, Befldes, a fijie Art lofl may never be recover'd, but Nature, tho' at prefent unknown by Jearch- ing, may at one time or other be found, becaufe Jhe always endureth and continueth the fa^ne. Art and Nature, like two Sifters, fhould always walk hand in hand, that fo they may reciprocally aid and aflifl each other. He who go,es into foreign Parts, in order to improve himfelf in natural Knowledge cr other Sciences, jhould Jirfl acquire all that may be learned iri his own Country, left he fhould expofe himfelf, as many have done, by going abroad, telling us at their return many fuch things as were already known, or might have been eaflly difcovered in our own Country. Lo produce an Inflance of this, let any one knowing in Birds turn over Cornelius PREFACE. XI Cornelius le BruynV 'Travels into Mufcovy, Perfia, there he ‘will find deficribed the Spoon-bill, calFd in the Ruffian Language Calpetfe, Vol. i. P. 91. of the Engliffi. Tranfiation. Bald Coot, call' d in the Vq.xIxzm, Paes-jelek, Vol. i. P. 182. The Pelican, call'd by Ruffians, Babbe (?r Water-Carrier, Vol. 2. P. 167. No‘w thefie - Birds being all very well deficribed by natural Hifiorians, they need 7io farther Deficrip^ tions y but he did not mean to give us things before deficribed, but, through Ignorance in that particular Bart of natural Hifory, fiuppofed thefie Birds altogether unknown, fnce he has not given them their common European Names ; it is fiurprifng he foould not know the Spoon-bill, becaufie thofie who have deficribed it make it a Native of H0I-. land, and tell the Blace where it builds and breeds. It is fill more f range he foould go to Ifpahan to figure and deficribe the Bald Coot, which abounds in every Canal and ' Dike round about the Hague the Place of his Birth : It jhews a fond Inclination to dificover the Parities of foreign Countries, before a Perfon has attained the Knowledge of what is to be known in his native Country : Which is to begin where one Jhould end ; fio that all People who go abroad on any Dificoveries Jhould be qualified as above-mentioned, but more par ticulary , all jhould inform themfielves, as far as may be, at home, in thofie things they exprefy go to make farther Dificoveries of. For want of fuch Salifications, and through difihonef Principles, Vice and Indolence, many who have been fent abroad at the Expence of others, have in no fort anfiwered the Expectations of thofe who fent them, which hath difcouraged Gentlemen of Curiofty and Fortune from advancing Money on fuch fruitlefs Expeditions. Neverthelefs fome Men thus fent, have with great labour and honefy anfiwerd the Ex- pectations of their Patrons. It would be very proper for all Travellers into foreign Parts, to take notice of what Birds and Beafis they find, and at what Seafons of the Tear they find them, and at what Times they difippear, and when they appear again-, that fo we may in time give a tolerable account 'of the Places to which Birds and Beafis of Pajfiage go that ar^ found with us, and in other Countries only at certain Seafons of the Tear. Many may think perhaps that there are no Beajis of PjaJfiage, but I have been informed by a Perfon of Repu- tation, who now refides in one of the Englifli Forts in Hudfon’s-Bay, that the Deer in that Country pafs northward in the beginning of Summer, and return to the South at the approach of Xll PREFACE. of winter y and that they pafsin certain beaten fraSls well known to the Indians, as well as the Englifh ref ding there^ who lie in wait for tbeniy and kill great Numbers for their Skins, Hhey are faid by the Natives to pafs very far North in the Summer^ and to return in the Winter far enough Southward to come to a temperate Climate. I have in my Search- es after Birds dif cover d fame few that are found in England at certain SeafonSy to be found alfo in Bengal ; andfome found in Europe, tho' not in England, are found alfb in Ben- - gal: Whether they continue there all the Yeary or are only Birds of Yujfagey as they are with usy I cannot tell ; but it would be worth the Obfervation of any curious Englifhman . refiding in that Country ; therefore I Jhall fet down their Namesy viz. Yhe Greater Redftart, Yhe Witwal, Yhe Wheat- Ear, Yhe Small-Green-Wren, Yhe Houfe-Swallow, Yhe Bee-eater, fhe Wry-neck, Merula Saxatilis, Aldrov, Icterus, Pliniiy Oenanthe or Vitiflora, , Regulus non criftatus, , Hirundo domeftica, Mcrops, lynx or Torquilla. • Of this Number the Wheat-Ear, the Green- Wren, the Houfe-Swallow and Wry- neck, are found in England in Summery and all of them in the Southern Parts of Eu- rope, where I believe they are Birds of Pajfage alfo. All thefe I have met with in Par- cels of Birds fent from Bengal ; aiid if any Perfon of good Obfervation in India could dif- cover that thefe Birds are abfent there while prefent with uSy and prefent there whilf ahfent hercy it would anfwer the ^efiony whither and in what manner do thefe Birds pafs F It is indeed my Opiniony that all thofe Birds which are feen with us only fome part of the Yeary pafs into other Countries when they are out of our fght. We are certain fome of them mufly becaufe they do not breed while they continue with us ; thefe are the Wood- cock, Snipes, Field-fare, Redwing and fojne others : Yhefe I believey go into northern Countries to breed. Yhe Summer Birds of Pajfage alfo coyne from more f out hern Countries, northward to us, and breed here : Seeing then Birds retire from more northern Parts to winter with us, why Jhould yiot tender Birds who vifits us in Summer and breed herey retire and pelter themf elves in font hern Countries y where they are fecure from cold, which they cannot PREFACE. xili cannot beary and find fuch Food as is natural to them. But many id they really creep into holes as is reported, it woidd be certainly known, and not remain, as it does, a very doubtful Matter-, for why fioould they not be daily found fieeping, as are Dormice, by Wood-men and Country People, fince jnany of the fuppofed Sleepers are found awake in much greater Numbers. I believe indeed that the InfimSl of thefe Birds is not fo abfolutely certain, as to prevent them frofu being foinethnes furprifidby a very cold wet Au tumn: In fuch a cafe I believe fame Flocks ^Swallows have lofi their Pajfage, and have been conftrain d through Weaknefs to fioelter themfelves in holes where they have perifioed. Natural Hificry cannot in any degree be perfefl without Figures ; therefore I think we fhould promote Drawing, in all fuch young People who feetn to have a liking to it-, no one need think it an Amufement beneath his Dignity, fince our prefent Royal Family and many of theyoung Nobility have been injiruBed in that Art. Fhe World may perhaps think / fay this in order to promote my felf, becaufe hitherto I have taught young Gentlemen and Ladies to draw-, but to take away- fuch Imputation, I purpofe to decline any thing of that fort which may hereafter offer. Every one who confults antient Authors, is veryfinfible of their Deficiencies in the want of Figures -, for many things are tnention'd by a bare Name without any Defeription or Figure, and. great phyfical Virtues and other Ufes are attributed to fame of thefe things-, but their being no certain Marks to Jhew what things in Nature were called by thofe Names, we have now wholly lofi them, or take different things for them or are in difpute about them ; therefore Authors, Naturalifis efpecially, fhould confult, firfi of all, the outward Forms of things in order farther to explain them by Deferiptions and other Marks -, and deliver them down to Pofierity,fo as to free them,fo far as human Rea- fon is capable of, from the Loffes and injuries they may fufiain from Time. In deferibing natural Things nothing ought to be omitted, that is any way remarkable, and- may fix and [ ^ ] efiablifh XIV PREFACE. ejiablijk the CharaBer of the thing defcribedy fo as plainly to dijiinguijh it from all other things j T^his may be done nvithout following the minute Steps of fame AuthorSy who have rmrote large Books on fingle Birds or Plants y for long Defcriptions lead the Mind into Mazes and Confufony and tire rather than infrudi. On the other hand too brief Defcriptions fould be avoided ; for very often thefe ai'e found to con/iji only of fuch general Forms and Colourings that are common to many things of the fame Genus y with the thing fo briefiy de~ fcribedy which makes the Defcription uncertainy or rather no natural Defcription at all. If Naturalifs would obferve this mediumy and fudy a plain comprehenfve Language y and well exprejjing the things treated of they might gradually y by making the Study both ufeful and pleafanty bring many into the love of Natural Hiforyy who now dfpife it. I know there are fome Gentlemeny that put the I’erms of mean and little upon fuch Sciences or Studies that they themfelves have no Fajie for ; and others would make them ifelefs by calling them mere Speculations. Natural Hifory has been particularly afperfed and treated in this manner by the Enemies to all Knowledge y but fuch as brings with it immediate Profit or fenfual Pleafure : But if thefe Gentlemen will look back a little, they will find that Men as great, as wife and magnanimous, at leafi as themfelves, in all Ages, have bufied themfelves in the Difcoveries and Knowledge of Nature, King Solomon is a great Example in this matter, who was himfelf a natural Hifiorian, and perhaps had penetrated farther into Nature than any one has done fince. Alexander the Great was remarkable for encouraging all the fine Arts, as well natural Hifiory as other Literature, without which his Memory could not have fubfified till this Fime. But to come nearer our own Limes, Lewis XIV. o/" France, thd one of the greatefi Princes of the Age he lived in, and engaged in fever al Wars for a corfiderable Part of his Life, yet found Lime to improve his Mind by the Study of the fine Arts, and efiablijhed an Academy for the farther Improvement of Arts and new Difcoveries in Nature : He was fuch a Lover of the ProduCiions of Nature, that he made Gardens and built magni^ ficent Stoves, k^c.for the raifing and reception of all Exotick Plants, and built at Ver- failles near his Palace, an elegant and curious Place called the Managery, with large Apartments and Conveniencies for the Reception of living Animals from all Parts of the W orldy and not only rare PiSiures and Sculptures of the greatefi Mafiers were coL ledied PREFACE. XV kdied in his Cabinets^ but fever al extraordmary Productions of Nature, Auguftus the bate King of was alfo a great Enc our ager of natural Knowledge, and had ga- thered a large Collection of natural Productions froTn mof Parts of the World. They who draw after Nature, on account of Natural Hijlory, JJoould reprefent things jufily and according to Nature, and not firive to exalt or raife her above herfelf-, for by fo doing, inftead of infiruCling, they will lead the World mto Errors ; nor can the- Works of two Authors on the fame SubjeCi ever agree. The hiforical Painter, efpeci- ally he that would reprefent the Fictions of the Poets, may take greater Liberties, and fudy by all Methods to elevate his SubjeCt by adding the high eft Strokes of Art, in order to pleafe the Eye, ajid raife in the Mind Ideas equal to the lliftorian or Poet he would reprefent : Tet every one who reads Natural Hifory, and fees Figures and Defcriptions of things in Nature, fuppofes they are, or ought to have been immediately drawn and de-- fcribed from Nature. But no experienced Man, when he beholds an hiforical Piece, fuppofes the Figures there drawn, are like to thofe they are intended to reprefent either in Feature or P erf on, any farther than in general the Hforian or Poet may have told us, that one Man was a graceful Perfon, another a little crooked or deformed, which Accidents a Painter has liberty to carry to what Degree of Perfection or Imperfection he can conceive, provided alway he doth not contradict the Letter of his Hforian. But in drawing after Nature a mof religious a?id fcrupulous Strict nefs is to be obferved, and by this means only we can demonfrate, that Nature is or is not the fame through all Fmes. If Natural Hforians, or they who draw for them, would carefully obferve thefe Rules, fojne of them might perhaps produce Figures that would be deemed perfeCt by the knowing Naturalfs of thefe Limes, and efcape their Cenfure ; then might they, like the celebrated Statues of the antierit Greeks and Romans, pafs down as Models to future Ages, as things jufly and truly reprefenting Nature ; but thefe things are rather to be wifoed for than expeCted. It is time to fay fomething, by way of Apology, for the following Defcriptions of Birds I have been collecting for more than Lwenty Tears, and have been for a good part of the Lime employ'd by many curious Gentlemen in London to draw fuch rare fo- reign Birds as they were pqfefs'd of, and never negleCted to take Draughts of them with XVI P n, E F A C E. their Permi[jiony for my own ColleBion j and havmg Jlored up. feme hundreds^ I feoeived them from time to time to curious Gentlemen who favour'd tne with their Vifits^ afid in looking them over, feveral of them have told me, that there were many a^nongfe them that had not been figured' or deferibed by any Author, and that it would be worth 7ny while to publifh them j but I was backward in refelvmg to do it, becaufe I knew not fo much of many of the Birds, as to know from what Country they came, which is very material in Natural Hifiory. 'They anfwer d,' that as I had taken the Draughts from Nature, and that it could be well attefied, and the like Birds might perhaps never be fnet with again, it was better to preferve the Figures without knowing their Countries than not at all. I have not had the Advantage of being in the Countries out ^Europe where any of the Birds I have deferibed are found, as feme prefent Writers of Natural Hifiory have but I have taken all the Pains in my Power to make my Deferiptions as perfedl as the nature of the thing will admit of. I have been particularly careful never to fpeak in the Affirmative, but where I was fully fatisfied I was in the right. The fir greater part of thefe Deferiptions are from Birds never before deferibed: There are in- deedforhe few which have been deferibed, but not figured, and feme that have been very ill figured and deferibed before ; but I have not drawn or deferibed, any thing that was done before in any tolerable Degree of Perfection ; fo that thefe Draughts and Deferip- tions may be looked on as new. I have not -tranferibed the Deferiptions out of other Authors without acknowledging from whence I had them, as a late Publijlder of a great Number of coloured Birds has done j but always chofe to have old Deferiptions farthefi from my Mind, when I deferibed any thing, becaufe 1 thought Nature herfef the beft Director. I have indeed, as I ought, confulted Men and Books, in order to gain all the Light 1 could to direct me in thefe Deferiptions, and to make them as clear and intelligible as might be. I was difeouraged, upon firfi thinking of this W ork, at the great Expence of gravingt printing, and other things, which 1 knew would be a certain Cofi attended with a very uncertain Profit, till my good Friend Mr. put me on etching my Plates myfelf, as he had done in his Works-, and not only fo, but invited me to fee him work at Etching, and gave me all the necefiary Hints and InfiruClions to proceed, which Favour I think my- P R E F A C E. xvil myfelf obliged publickly to acknowledge . When I had prablifed a little while y I refolved to do fuch new and uncommon Birds, as I had in my PqUeffion, Jince I faved Expences and only employed my Time. In etching Plates which are afterwards to be coloured, I have difcovered, that they Jbould be done in a manner different from fuch things that are to continue Black and White', therefore I am willing to publijh fuch Remarks on that Head, as f?iay perhaps be of ufe to others that may hereafter publijh any thing of that kind. He who would make a Print after any coloured Drawing, foould make his Lights much lighter than they are in the Drawing, and the Shadows rather darker, which will indeed give your Print a fomewhat forking Degree of Light and Shadow but when you corfider that by colouring, your Lights- will become darker, and your very black Shadows, by being wajhed with Colours, which generally are lighter than Black, will become fomething lighter •, in Prints for colouring, it will be convenient to leave pretty broad clean white Places that are a little dark in your colour'd Drawing : For Example, if a Part in your Drawing be of Blue or Red, or any fine Colour pretty deep j if you make your Print of fo deep a Shade in thofe Parts, the Blacknefs will cafi through the tranjparent Colours which you mufi ufe in wajldng Prints, and render them dead and dirty j and if you lay on too great a Body of Colour, it will darken your Figure too much in the Lights, and make it fiat and heavy. On the contrary, if you leave Lights as broad and as clean as the thing will permit, your Colours laid on Juch light Parts will appear with more Lujlre than with black Strokes under them j and when the Print is wajhed with a little Judg- ment, it will lofe its too great Proportion of Light and Shadow, and become foft and agreeable, and deceive tolerable Judges fo far as to pafs for a Water-colour d Draw - ing. Prints that are not worked with a direct Defign for colouring, cannot fo eafily be brought to that Beauty ; they jnufi be labour'd and painted with body Colours to make them look tolerably. '/ do not purpofe to part with any of the Prints uncolour d while 1 live, lefi they Jhould be afterwards colour d by unskilful People, which might be a Blemijh to the Work, by being feen and taken for my Colourings. A Copy carefully and exaSily colour'd from the original Drawings, will be depofited in thy Library of the College of Phyficians, xviii P 11 E F A C E. e/’ London, ‘ivhich may ferne as a Standard to refer to a7id compare Toitht to try the T^riitb of the Colouring, in cafe the P/ates Jhould outlive incy and any Jhould qiiefion the Authority of the Colouring. I had thought ns, hen I firf fet out on this Work to have graved One hundred Plates of neiv Birds, but found I ‘was under a necefity to leave of at Fifty, not being able to procure aiiy more but fuch as have been defcribed by many others. Seeing it is novo known that I have done thefe, and am willing to go on, if I can procure any more of curious Gentlemen, I hope fuch Gentlemeti offafe this way, ' who have at any time Birds new and curious, will pleafe to give me notice, that I may wait on them to take Drawings, which Favours' I feall always gratefully acknowledge. It is now }ny Duty to acknowledge, with all pofible Gratitude, the AJJifance I have received from many curious Gentlemen, and give ?ny publick f hanks in general for the many and great Favours I have received from thefe my honourable and worthy Patrons and Friends, who from time to time have given me free Accefs to their Houfes, and in- trufied me in their Cabinets of Curiofities, and have oftentimes lent me very valuable and curious fhings in order to forward me in my Purfuits : Yet in the Courfe of thefe De- fcriptions I for my own Reputation {in order to prove the Being of the Birds here repre^ fented) have mentioned'the Names in particular of my Patrons, Friends, and others, who were the Pofejj'ors of thefe Yhings, that I might have no Opportunity to impofe Falfood on the World, without being contradiSied by living Witnejfes. I have made the Drawings of thefe Birds diredily from Nature, and have, for Va- riety s Sake, given them as many different Turns and Attitudes as I could invent : This I chofe the rather to do, becaufe I know great Complaint hath been made, that a late Writer on Birds had given his Birds no variety of P of ure, but that they were diredi frofles funding in the fame Poftion, which famenefs is difagreeable. I obferved alfo in his Trees, Stumps, and Grounds, a poornefs of Invention ; therefore to amend that Part in mine, I have taken the Counfel and Afifance of fome Painters my particular Friends, in order to make the Work not only as natural and agreeable as I could in the fubjedi Matter, but to decorate the Birds with airy Grounds, having fame little Inven- tion in them : The better to fet off the whole, I have in a few Plates, where the Birds were very fmall, added fome foreign Infedis to fU up the naked Spaces in the Plates \ PREFACE. XIX thefe I ejleem no Part of the propofed Work ; neverthelefs, I have been equally careful to be exa6l in them both as to the Drawing and Colouring. Great Part of the Birds, de~ fcribed in this Work, were living when I drew them ; others were in Cafes well preferved - and dry, and fome were kept in Spirits, which is the better Way to ' preferve them, tbd they cannot be fo well drawn in Spirits, by reafon the Forms of the GlaJJ'es alter the appa^^ rent Shapes of the Birds -, therefore I took fuch Birds out of the Spirits. , In the following Defcriptions I had a View, particularly in defcribing the Colours, to exprefs myfelf in fuch Perms as the Prints might be tolerably colour d for the future by any Curious obferving Perfon from the Defcriptions only for in that refpeB I have been as Careful as I could, always comparing the Colours I mention to fome well-known thing when I coidd do it ; and where I could not, I have ufed compound Perms, fuch as yellowijh 'Brown, redijh Brown, dirty Brown, and the like-, and to other Colours I have added faint, dark, middling, inclining to this, that, or the other Colour : All which things are very necefj'ary in Natural Hifory -, for the fmple Perms Red, Blue, Tellow, &c. fgnify a vafi Number of different Colours* I Jhall prefently conclude this Preface, and hope the Reader will excufe its Length. As I never till very lately had any Defgn to appear in Print, I have negleSled to jludy the Art of writing correctly, and am fenfible of the many Faults that may be found in this Book ', but hope the candid Reader will overlook them, fnce my chief Aim was rather to be underfood, than to write correSlly, G. E. AD. A D 1> E N D A.. •"T^HE following Accounts are taken oMVoi Voyages t and relate to the King of the Vultures t Page 2 of this Book;, and they coming to hand after the Defcripti-*- ons were printed, I have placed them here. Navarette in his Voyages in Spanijhy Page 30®, m&nt\ov\s Rey 'de les ZopiloteSf tran-- flated in Churchill's ColleStlon ofVoyagesy Vol. i. Page 235, where he fays, “ That' at Acapulco he faw the King of the Zopilotes, which are the fame we call Vultures^- ** it is one of the fineft Birds that may be feen. I have often heard it prais’d, and “ as I thought, they over-did it; but when I faw the Creature, I thought, the De- ** fcription far Ihort of it.” Navarette in another Place of the above Tranflation, Page 46 1 fpeaks thus : ** But' “ the gayeft and fineft Bird I have feen, is the King of the Copilotesy which I faw “ feveral times in the Port of Acapulcoy and never had enough of looking at him, < ** ftill more and more admiring his Beauty, Statelinefs and Grace.” This Spanijh, Author has ufed z and c indifferently in the beginning of the Name, they founding equally and meaning the fame Bird. Sir Hans Sloane favour’d me with thefe Remarks, and we think, that they can re- late to no other Bird but the King of the Vultures defcribed in Page 2. What is now mentioned may ferve pretty certainly to fix his native Place, which before we did not know. ^he Co M M E cet Ouvrage a ete public en plufieurs Parties, & a difFerentes reprifes, dans refpace de dix Annees (en cpntant depuis le commencement jufqu’a la fin) il n’etoit pas poffible de lui donner un Tltre general qui lui convint j puifqu’on ignoroit jufqu’ou on pourroit le poufler. Mais a cette heure que I’Ouvrage eft achev^ j’ai cru qu’il etoit neceflaire de mettre k la Tete le Titre general qu’on vient de voir. Comme je trouve ici une occafion de temoigner publlquement ma Reconnoiflance an Prefident & au Confeil de la Societe Royaky de la marque diftinguee qu ils m’ont don- nee de leur faveur, en m’honorant d’une * Medaillc d’Or a leur Aftemblee generale de St. Afidrey 1750, en confideration de cette Hiftoire d’Animaux que je venois de finir : Ce feroit une faute impardonable, fi je negligeois de faire mes refpeftueux remerciements au Prefident, au Confeil, & aux autres Membres d’un Corps aufli favant qu’utile, & dont plulieurs Membres ont contribue a me procurer cette grace & cet honneur. Je ne dois pas aufli laifler pafler cette derniere occafion de remercier en general mes Amis qui ont, de quelque maniere, contribue a cette Hiftoire, en me fourniflTant des Materiaux, pour la poulTer plus loin que je ne me flattois d’abord de pouvoir le faire, aufli bien que les Curieux qui, pour m’encourager dans mon DeflTein, ont jufqu’a la fin continue leur Soufcription. h * Le Chevalier Godefroy Copley laifla a la Societe Royale une fomme d^Argent, dont I’interet devoit etre donne par des Commiflaires qu’il nomma, & apres leur mort par le Prefi- dent & le Confeil de la Societe Royaky pour le terns prefent, a celui qui feroit quelque nouvelle decouverte dans I’Art ou dans la Nature, ou qui produiroit quelqu’ Ouvrage qu’on jugeat digne de cette Faveur. Mais depuis quelques annees la Societe a trouve plus noble & plus honnete de donner une Medaille, que de I’Argent : On en a fait battre une, qui autour d’un cote porte le nom du donateur & au milieu une Devife, favoir, Minerve avec les Symboles des Sciences a fis Pies, tenant I’Embleme de la Nature de fon bras gauche, etendant le bras droit & tenant a la main une Couronne de Laurier, avec les Armes du Chevalier fur fon Bouclier. Le revers eft charge des Armes, du Cimier, des Supports, de la Devife, Cfr. de la Societe Royale de Londres. On voit une tres bonne gravure de cette Medaille, au delTous du Titre general de cet Ouvrage. JE ne dols pas oubller les ofFres de Service de mes favans & curleux Amis, pour revoir mon Manufcript, afin d’amener I’Ouvrage a fa perfedlion. J’ai accepte quelques unes de ces offres, & en ai retire beaucoup d’utilitej on n’a cependant pas juge a propos de rien changer d’important dans mes Defcriptions. Le plus grand Secours qiie j’ai regu m’eft venu de Mr. Mortimer Secretaire de la S. R. que j’ai con- fulte fur les noms Latins & Clafliques, tels qu’ils fe trouvent avec les noms Fran9ois dans les Catalogues qui font a la fin de la feconde & de la quatrieme partie de cet Ouvrage. Ceci n’etoit pas peu difficile j car comme plufieurs des Sujets dont je parle n’ont jamais ete decrits, on ne leur trouve point de Noms Clafliques Latins ; & le Do(fteur a ete oblige de prendre beaucoup de peine, pour leur en donner qui leur convinfent. Je fuis tres convaincu que dans le cours de cet Ouvrage, il fe trouve plufieurs fautes qui doivent etre mifes fur mon comte, & plufieurs fur celui de I’imprimeur j mais comme je ne crois pas qu’elles foyent affez confiderables pour arreter aucun Ledleur, je n’ai volu embarraffer ni le public ni moi-meme d’un long Errata. PREFACE. A SagefTe & la PuifTance de Dieu Ibnt manifelles a toute Creature Raifonnable, par la Contemplation de les Oeuvres merveilleules dans la Creation de ce Monde : il a forme tous les Animaux des Champs, les Oifeaux de I’Air, & les Poiilbns des Eaux: 11 a aufli forme toute efpece d’Arbre 8c de Plante: tout Infede rempant a de fait par Lui. Toutes les produdions de la Terre, de I’Air ou des Eaux, ont de crdes par fa puiflance. Mais I’Homme dant, dans ce bas Monde, le feul Etre doue de raifbn, il paroit dddent par la Lu* miere naturelle, qu’il a re^u de Dieu la fouverainete fur toutes les crea^ tures. Ainfi puifque fes obligations font plus grandes envers lui, les ades d’humiliation, d’adoration 8c de reconnoiffance, dont il lui eft re- devable, doivent etre en quelque forte proportionnez aux faveurs 8c aux bienfaits qu’il en a re9us. Entre tous les ades de gratitude que nous Lui devons, il me femble qu’on pent bien compter celui d’Etudier 8c de contempler les perfedions 8c les beautez de fes Ouvrages dans la Crdtion. Chaque nouvelle ddouverte doit ndeffairement exciter en nous un nouveau fentiment de la grandeur, de la fageffe 8c de la puif- fance de Dieu. Il a ordonne les chofes de telle maniere, que prefque chaque partie de la Creation eft a notre ufage 8c a notre profit, ou pour le foutien de notre vie, ou pour les ddices de nos fens* ou pour I’agreable exercice de notre faculte de raifonner. S’il y a quelques Animaux venimeux en petit nombre, ou quelque pen de Plantes nui- fibles -ki PREFACE. iibles a I’Homme, ces fortes de chofes peuvent fervir a relever les bene- didlions oppofees ; puifque nous ne pourrions pas avoir une idee com- plette de ce qui nous eft bon & avantageux, ft nous n’avions aucun ientiment de leurs contraires ; & puifque Dieu nous a donne la Rai- fon, qui nous met en etat de choiftr le bien & d’eviter le mal, nous ne fouifrons qiie tres-peu des parties malignes de la Creation. Dieu a donne aux Animaux brutes une certaine Loi pour le gou- verner, qu’on appellc un c’eft a dire, un certain penchant ou Tendance innce & imprimee en eux vers certaines actions particu- lieres ; de laquelle ils ne lauroient s’ecarter. Get Inftincft, ou Force interieure paroit etre plus grande dans les Brutes que dans notre Efpece, & ftippleer en elles le defaut de la Railbn. L’Homme a aufti un In- ftin6t, mais beaucoup plus foible que celui des autres Animaux : aufil par compenfation Dieu I’a gratifie de quelque Lueur de cette Lumiere Celefte, qu’on nomme Raifon, L’Homme done ayant ete deftgne Seigneur de ce bas Monde, & la poftelfton de toutes fes parties lui ayant ete donnee, rinftindt des Brutes, ni la Railbn meme ne lui auroient pas fuffi, fans quelques appetits interieurs: car fans inftindt fa Generation probablement auroit bientot pris ftn, & nous aurions neglige le foutien de nos Individus corporels, ft avec la Raifon nous n’avions eu la faim & la Ibif, pour nous dire que le Manger 8c le Boire &oient necelTaires a la Vie. S’il arrive que nous changions de pays pour pafler de I’extremite d’un Climat a un autre, la Raifon eft notre Dire(ftrice: Le Rulften quoique renferme dans une mailbn bien clofe 8c aufti munie en de^ hors contre la penetration de I’Air froid, que chaufee en dedans par de bons fourneaux ; des qu’il vient a voyager en Perfe 8c aux Indes, il eft dirige par cette meme Raifon a palTer la nuit au grand air, a dor- mir fur le hauc des Maifons 8c a fe fervir meme de certaines machines pour agiter Fair autour de lui 8c s’en procurer de fraix a tout moment : 8c au contraire I’Ethiopien, quoique campe ordinairement en plaine cam- pagne, ou dans un defert, fans aucun habit fur le corps; des qu’il le trouve tranfporte en Europe, il eft bien aife d’y trouver des Maifons a I’abri du grand air, de s’y chauffer meme a I’aide du feu, 8c de le couvrir de vetemens un peu etoffes. C’eft la ' Railbn qui donne a THomme Ill preface: FHomme cette preeminence fur les brutes; cefi: par elle qu’il pent fe rendre habitables prelque routes les parties du Monde, a la faveur des Arts & des Inventions ou elle le conduit, pour le mettre a couvert des grandes chaleurs en certains endroits du Monde & fe dtfendre en d au- tres des froids per^ans qui y dominent. II n’y a aucun Animal brute, qui foit en etat 'd’habiter ainli indifferemment quelque partie du Monde que ce Ibit, parce que les Loix innees qui les dirigent, font im- muables & foulement accomodees aux Climats particuliers ou la Na- ture les a mis : fi bien que je m’imagine qu’il n’y a aucune Creature, dont la Race foit rependue dans routes les parties habitables du Monde, comme left celle de I’Efpece Humaine. Chaque Animal femble avoir fon Climat prefcrit 8c limite, hors du quel ft on le transfere dans un autre un peu crop different, fa generation cefle, ou elle perd fes pre- mieres propriecez, dans le terns que ceux qui continuent de vivre ou la Nature les a placez, ne varient prelque jamais en rien des Efpeces dont ils font provenus, confervant toujours leur grandeur, leur figure 8c leurs couleurs naturelles a travers les ftecles : car il femble qu’il ait plu a Dieu d’imprimer fur chacune certaines marques de diftinc non content de rafiembler dans fon Cabinet les Tableaux & les fiatues des plus grands Maitres, il n’oublia pas d’y arranger diverfes produdlions extraordinaires de la Nature meme. Le feu Roi de Po- logne encore, Augujle II. du nom, a etc grand Encourageur des Connoiflances de ce genre, & il avoit rafl'emble des principaux en- droits du Monde, une tres~belle colledion des produdlions na- turelles. Ceux qui defiinent d’apres nature, en fait de ces fortes de chofes, devroient les reprefenter au jufte & conformement a la Nature meme, & ne pas s’efforcer de I’exalter, ou de Telever au defius d elle-meme ; car en faifant cela, au lieu de nous infiruire, ils nous induifent en erreur: & il devient impoffible que les travaux de deux Auteurs dif- ferens fur le meme fujet puifient jamais s’accorder. Le Peintre d’Hi- floire, particulierement celui qui fe propofe de reprefenter les ficflions des Poetes, peut fe donner de plus grandes libertez, & s’etudier par toutes fortes de moyens a clever fon fujet, en y ajoutant les plus fublimes traits de fart, dans la vue de plaire aux yeux, 5c d exciter dans notre ame des idees egales a celles de I’Hiftorien, ou du Poete, qu’il le propofe de nous rendre. Mais tout homme qui s’occupe de la Ledure de I’Hilloire Naturelle, 8c qui jette les yeux fur les figures 5c les de- fcriptions des chofes aduellement en etre 5c en nature, fuppofe tou- jours qu’elles font, ou du moins qu’elles ont du etre tirees & decrites immediatement d’apres nature. Au lieu qu’aucun homme d’expe- rience, en confiderant une piece d’hiftoire, ne fuppofera que les fi- gures qui y font delTinces, foient bien reflemblantes a celles qu’on a eu deffein d’y reprefenter, ou par rapport aux traits, ou par rappcrt a la XV PREFACE. ia perfbnne entlere : il fuffit qu’en cette occafion elle foit peinte en ge- neral telle que I’Hiftorien ou le Poete I’ont defignee; un tel, par ex- emple, commc un homme gracieiix; un autre, com me un peu courbe ou difforme; attributs que la Peintre a la liberte de porter a tel degre de perfedlion ou d'imperfeclion, qu’il peut concevoir, pourvu qu’il n’aille pas contredire le texte de Ton Hiflorien. Mais en dellinant d’apres Nature, I’exaditude la plus religieufe & la plus fcrupuleufe doit etre obfervee, & ce n’eft que par ce moyen que nous pouvons deinontrer P la Nature eft, ou n’eft pas la meme dans tous les Temps. Si les Hiftoriens de la Nature, ou ceux qui deftlnent pour eux, vouloient obferver ces regies avec foin, quelques-uns dentr’eux pourroient peutetre produire des Figures, qui (eroient eftimees parlaitcs par les Naturaliftes intelligens de notre terns, & echapper a leur cen- iures : & c’eft alors qu’elles pourroient, comme ces celebres 6c memo- rabies ftatues des anciens Grecs 6c Romains, etre tranfmifes comme des Modelles aux ages futurs, 6c comme des Copies qui reprefentent au jufte 6c au vrai la Nature meme: mais tout cela eft plus a fouhaiter qu’a eiperer. II eft terns de dire ici quelque chofe, par maniere d’apologie, des Defcriptions fuivantes d’Oifeaux, que j’ai travaille a raflembler pen- dant Pefpace de plus de vingc annees, que j etois employe la plus part du terns, par diverfes perfonnes curieufes, dans la ville de Londres, a defliner les plus rares dont ils fuflent en poftefiion, n oubliant jamais, Ibus leur bon plaiftr, d’en prendre un delTein pour mon propre Re- cueil. En ayant fait provifton de quelques Centaines, je les montrai de terns a autre a quelques Amateurs qui me faifoient la grace de me venir voir: 6c en les parcourant, quelques-uns de ces Meftieurs me faifoient entendre, qu’il y en avoit plufteurs, qui n’avoient jamais etc ni decrits, ni figurez par aucun auteur, 6c qui meriteroient par con- fequent d’etre publiez. Mais je fus lent a m’y refoudre, parce, qu’a I’egard de plufteurs de ces Oifeaux, je ne favois pas proprement de quel pays ils nous venoient: Ce qui eft pourtant tres-eflTentiel dans une Hiftoire Naturelle. Ils me repondoient, qu’ayant fait mes def- c feins XVI PREFACE* feins d’apres nature, ce qui pouvoit etre bien attefte, & que de pareils Oifeaux pouvant ne ie prefenter plus, il valoit encore mieux en con- ferver les figures, fans en connoitre les habitations, que de n’avoir rien du tout. Je n’ai pas eu I’avantage de voir les pays hors de I’Europe, ^ou fe trouvent quelques-uns des Oileaux que j ai decrits, comme font eu quelques autres Ecrivains de I’Hiftoire Naturelle: mais j’ai pris tous les foins dont j’etois capable pour rendre mes Dc- fcriptions aufii parfaites que la Nature du fujet pouvoit le comporter. ]’ai ete fort foigneux en particulier de ne prendre jamais le ton af- firmatif, excepte dans les articles ou j’etois bien afiiire d’avoir railbn» La plus grande partie de ces Defcriptions font d’Oifeaux qui n’avoient jamais ete decrits. A la verite il y en a quelques-uns en petit nombre, dont on avoit deja quelque defcription; mais ils n’avoient point ete deffinez ; & quelques autres, dont on avoit deja la figure & la de- fcription, mais I’une & I’autre tres-vicieufes. Pour moi je nai def- fine ni decrit quoique ce foit, qui eut deja paru au moins dans quel- que degre de perfection un peu fupportable : fi bien que les figures & les Defcriptions, que je donne ici, peuvent etre regardees comme nouvelles. Je n’ai point tranfcrit mes Defcriptions des autres Auteurs, fans reconnoitre d’ou je les avois tirees, comme a fait le dernier Edi- teur d’un grand nombre d’Oifeaux coloriez ; mais j’ai toujours pre- fere d’ecarter de mon efprit les anciennes defcriptions, lorfque j’e- tois apres a decrire quelque chofe, parce que j’etois perfuade que la Nature meme etoit le meilleur DireCleur. J’ai confultc, il eft vrai, comme je devois, des hommes & des Livres, dans la vue de me procurer toutes les Lumieres que je pouvois, pour me diriger dans les Defcriptions & les rendre aufii claires 8c intelligibles qu’il etoit pofTible : mais j’ai prefere a tous les livres la nature meme. Dans le projet que je fis d’abord de cet Ouvrage, je fus im peu decourage par la confideration des depenfes en gravure, en impref- fion 8c autres articles, que je jugeai bien devoir m’engager a des fraix certains, fuivis d’un profit tres-peu afiure ; jufqu’a ce que mon bon Ami, Monf C a t e s b v m’engagea a graver moi-meme a I’eau forte PREFACE, XVII forte mes propres planches, comme il avoit fait lui-meme les fiennes dans les Ouvrages, & non content de cela, il m’invita a le voir graver lui-meme & me donna toutes les ouvertures & toutes les inflirudions necelTaires pour faire raon chemin : faveur linguliere que je me lens oblige de reconnoitre ici publiquement. Des que j eus acquis un peu de pratique, je me determinai a donner les Oiieaux les plus nouveaux & les plus rares, puifque Jen pouvois fauver les fraix & que je ny mettois que mon temps. En gravant a I’eau forte des planches, dont les imprellions doivent etre coloriees, j’ai decouvert qu'elles devoient etre faites tout au- trement que celles qui doivent relfer en blanc & noir. C’eft pour- quoi je fuis bien aife de publier ici quelques remarques fur cet article, qui pourront peutetre lervir a d’autres qui entreprendront de donner au public quelques ouvrages en ce genre, Celui qui veut faire une Eftampe d’apres un defiein coloric, doit faire fes jours beaucoup plus clairs qu’ils ne font dans le defiein, & les Om- bres plullot plus fortes; ce qui, a la vcrite, donne a TEftampe un. certain degre d'Ombres & de lumiere un peu choquant. Mais il faut confiderer qu*a Taide des Couleurs, vos clairs deviendront plus fombres, & que vos ombres tres-noires, etant bien lavees avec des couleurs generalement plus claires que le noir, deviendront aufii un peu plus claires: Dans les Tallies* douces qu’on deftine aux cou- leurs, il conviendra done de laifler en blanc d’affez grandes places, qui dans vos DefiTeins en couleurs font un peu obfeures. Par exemple, fi unc certaine partie dans votre defiein elf de bleu, ou de rouge, ou de quelque belle couleur un peu foncce, li vous faites votre Elfampe d’une ombre aufii forte dans ces parties-la, la noirceur percera a travers les couleurs tranlparentes dont il faudra vous fervir en lavant vos Eftampes, & les rendra mortes ou ternies : & fi vous y mettez des couches de couleur un peu fortes, vous obfcurcirez trop votre figure dans les jours & vous la rendrez platte 6c pefante. Au lieu que fi vous laifiez les jours aufii grands 8c aufii clairs que votre fujet le permettra, vos couleurs placees fur ces xvnr PREFACE. •ces parties claircs, paroitront avec plus de luftrc, que ii elles avoient fous elles des traits noirs; & lorfqu’une Eflampe eft lavee avec un peu de jugement, elle perdra fa trop grande difproportion d’ombres & de jours, deviendra douce & agreable, & trompera meme les Connoifleurs mediocres, a tel poind, qu’ils la prcndront pour un Deftein en couleurs. Sc non pas pour une eftampe. Ainft toute planche qui n’a point etc travaillee en intention d’y appliquer les couleurs, ne peut pas ft aifement ctre portee a ce degre de beautej il faut en ce cas-la les travailler Sc les peindre avec des cou- ieurs qui ayent plus de corps, ft on veut leur donner un afped fup- portable. J’ai bien rclblu de ne me detaire d'aucune de mes Eftampes iion-coloriees, au moins tant que je vivrai; de peur quon ne les vit dans la fuite mifes en couleurs par de mal-habiles mains; ce qui (eroit une dilgrace pour mon ouvrage. Sc pour moi en particu- lier, a qui on attribueroit celui d’autrui. Pour eviter ce blame, line copie des Defleins Originaux exadement Sc foigneufement co- loricc fera depofee dans la Bibliotheque du College des Medecins de Londres Sc une autre dans celle de la Societe Royale^ qui pourront fervir d'Etalons^ par maniere de dire, aux-quels on pourra rappor- ter & comparer les Copies douteufes, pour vdifier la verite du co- loris, en cas que mes Planches fubftftent apres moi, & que quel- qu’un ftit en doute de I’authenticite du lavage. J’avois penf^ des que je mis la main a I’ceuvre, d’en graver une centaine de planches, touces d’Oifeaux nouveaux; mais je me trouvai dans la neceflite de me reduire a cinquante, netant pas en etat den procurer un plus grand nombre, a moins que de publier ceux qui ont etc de- crits par plufteurs autres. Enfin, puis qu’on fgait deja que j’ai fait ceux-ci. Sc que j’ai intention de continuer, ft j’en puis obtenir d’autres des perfonnes Curieufes, j’efpere que ceux qui ont quelque gout de c6te-la. Sc qui parviennent de temps en temps a des Oi- leaux nouveaux & curieux, auront la bonte de m’en avertir, afin que je me'rende chez Eux & que j’en prenne les defteins; faveur de PREFACE. XIX de leur cote, que je publierai toujours avec beaucoup de reconnoiP- fance. Et a cet egard, je crois qu’il eft de mon devoir de recon- noitre ici, avec de grands fentimens de gratitude, les fecours que j’ai re^us de plufteurs peribnnes de diftin£i:ion qiii aiment ces Cu- riofitez & de leur rendre dans cette Preface, d’une maniere pu- blique, mes tres-humbles remercimens en general pour tant de faveurs conftderables que j’ai regues de ces dignes & honorables Patrons 8c Amis, qui de terns a autre m’ont accorde un libre acces dans leurs Maifons, 8c m’ont confie leurs Cabinets de Curiofttez, jufqu a me preter meme fouvent des choles tres-precieufes 8c d’une grande curioftte, dans la vue de me faciliter I’execution de mon deflein. Avec tout cela, dans le cours de ces Delcriptions d’Oifeaux, je n'ai pas oubli^ pour ma prppre reputation 8c pour conftater I’exiftence des Ori- ginaux ici depeints, de faire mention en particulier des noms de mes Patrons, Amis 8c autres, qui en etoient les poflefleurs. On ne s’avife "guere d’en impofer au Monde par des fourberies, lorlqu’on peut etre contredit & convaincu de faux par des Temoins vi- vans. J’ai fait les defleins de ces Oifeaux diredbement d’apres Nature, 8c, pour y mettre quelque variete, je leur ai donne autant de dif- ferentes fttuations, ou attitudes, que j’en ai pu inventer: Ce qui m’a porte a cela, c’eft que je f9ai qu’on a fait de grandes plaintes d’un certain Auteur fur les Oifeaux, qui n’a mis dans les ftens aucune variete, fe contentant de nous en donner de ftmples profils direds, 8c toujours de meme pofition: uniformite, qui ne fauroit etre que defagreable. J’ai remarque aufti dans fes arbres, fes troncs 8c fes terreins, une grande pauvrete d’invention. Ainfi pour rcdi- fier cette partie dans les miens, j’ai pris le confeil 8c I’afliftance de quelque Peintres, mes particuliers Amis, dans la vue de rendre I’ouvrage, non-feulement aufti naturel 8c aufti agreable que je le pouvois par rapport au fujet, mais aufti de decorer les Oifeaux par des terreins un peu airez 8c ou il parut quelque peu d’inven- tion : 8c pour mieux alTortir le tout enfemble, dans quelques-unes XX PREFACE. de ces planches, ou les Oifeaux etoient tres-petits, j*ai ajoute quel- ques InfeSies etrangers, pour remplir Ics efpaces vuides de la planche. Je ne regarde pas ces petites additions comme une partie reelle de louvrage projette : Cepcndant j ai ete egalement foigneux &: exa£b a les travailler, tant par rapport au deffein que par rapport aiix couleurs. La plus grande partie des Oifeaux, qui font ici de- crits, etoient vivans quand je les deffinai: dautres etoient dans des boettes bien confervez fans aucune humidit^ ; enfin quelques' uns etoient dans des Efprits, ce qui eft le meilleur moyen de les preferver, quoiqu’on ne puifle pas alors les defllner ft bien, par la raifon que la forme des Verres altere toujours la taille apparente des Oifeaux : & voila pourquoi je les tirois du Vafe pour en faire des def* feins plus juftes. Dans les Defcriptions fuivantes, j’ai toujours ete attentif, fur-tout dans la defcription des couleurs, a m’exprimer en tels termes, qu’a la- venir les Eftampes puftent etre coloriees pafiablement bien par toute perfonne un peu intelligente, fans autre fecours que celui des de- fcriptions. Car a cet egard, j’ai ete aufti foigneux, qu’il m’etoit poflible, comparant toujours les Couleurs, dont je parle, a quel- que objet bien connu, lorfque je le pouvois; 8c quand je ne le pouvois pas, j’ai ufe de certains termes compofez, comme Brun jaufidtre, Brun rougedtre^ Brun temly 6c autres femblables: 6c a d’autres couleurs j’ai ajoute foible^ ohfcur^ moyen^ tlrant fur telle,, ou telle autre couleur: routes precautions, qui font fort neceflaires dans THiftoire Naturelle; car pour les ftmples termes de Rouge^ Bleu^ yaune^ 6cc; ils ftgnifient un grand nombre de differentes cou- leurs. je ftnirai maintenant cette Preface 6c j’efpere que mes Ledteurs en excuferont la prolixite. Comme je n’avois jamais eu deflein, que depuis peu, de paroitre fous llmprelfton, j’ai neglige d’etudier Tart decrire corredement 6c je ne doute pas qu’on ne trouve dans> mon Livre bien des fautes a cet egard : mais je me flatte qu’un Ledeur de bonne-foi me fera grace la-deffus> puifque mon princi- PREFACE. XXI pal but a ete pluftot de me faire entendre, que d’ccrire corredle- mentr . On ajoutera ici, par rapport a cette Tradudtion Fran9oife, qu’elle a ete faite par un Ami fous la revifion 8c Fapprobation de TAuteur, L’Aiglb I. l’ A I G L E d la Queue blanche. ET Oifeau ne fc rapportant point, ati molns a tons egards, a auctine des Efpcces d’Aigle deja decrites, & nous venant d’une partie du Monde encore tres-peu connue, je lui ai donne place dans ce Recueil. II eft de la taille or- dinaire des Aigles, c’eft a dire, de la grofteur d’un Coq-d’Inde, ou environ. Pour fa figure, il a le haut de la Tete applati, le Cou court, la Poidlrine plelne & les Cuifles charnues, avec des Ailes longues & larges a proportion du Corps. Le Bee eft de,couleur de Corne-bluatre ; la Mandibule fuperieure formee en archc & qui avance par de-la I’Inferieure en s’arrondifiant, environ d’un pouce, avec un angle, ou une efpece de dent de chaque cote. La Mandibule inferieure eft plus courte que la fuperieure, qui la re9oit au dedans d’ellc. La Mandibule fuperieure, du cote de la Tete, eft couverte, environ un tiers de fa longueur, d’une Peau jaune, nommee Cera, de fa reftemblance avec la Cire, dans laquelle les Narines font fitu^es. Cette peau jaune atteint de chaque cote jufqu’autour des coins de la Bouche. L’lris de I’Oeil eft de couleur de Noifette; la Prunelle, noire, comme dans tons les oifeaux que j’ai vus jufqu’ici : ce qui m’epargnera la peine de repeter dans la fuite la meme obfervation, Entre le Bee & les Yeux il y a des efpaces de peau nue, d’une couleur ternie, avec - peu de polls noirs, aflez clair-femez. La Tete & le Cou font converts de plumes ferrees & brunes, qui finifiTent en pointes aigues,’ comme celles du Cou de nos Cocqs, mais pas fi longues a proportion. Le Corps entier eft convert de plumes d’un brun obfeur plus fonce fur le dos, mais plus clair fur le devant. La Poidlrine eft parfe- mee de taches blanches 8c triangulaires, dont les angles les plus aigus font tournez en haut. Ces taches font au milieu de chaque plume. Les plumes de couverture pour les ailes font de la couleur du refte du Corps; mais les pennes, ou grandes Plumes, font noires. Quelques>unes de ces dernieres, avec le premier rang des plumes de couverture, pres du dos, font bigarrees de lignes tranfverfales, claires 8c obfeures alternativement. La Q^ue, qui n’excede pas la grandeur des ailes, quand elles font fermees, eft blanche, tant par deffus que par deflbus, excepte les bouts des plumes, qui font noirs, ou d’un brun fonce : mais les plumes de couverture fous la queue font d’un brun rougeatre ou de couleur baye. Les Cuifles font couvertes de plumes d’un brun obfeur 8c d’une texture fort lache, a travers lefquelles on apper9oit en quelques endroits un Duvet blanc. Pour les Jambes, elles font routes couvertes juf- qu’aux piez de plumes douces d’un brun roufsatre. A chaque pie, il a quatre doigts, tous forts 8c epais, converts d’ecailles de couleur jaune, trois fur le devant, 8c un derriere, a la raaniere ordinaire, armez de ferres tres-fortes de couleur noire, courbees a peu pres en dcmi-cercles 8c terminees en pointe tres-aigue. Cet Aigle eft originaire de la Baye de Hudfon dans le Nord de 1’ Ameriqtie, d’ou il fut apporte par une Perfonne adluellement au fervice de la Compagnie de cette Baye, 8c donne cn prefent a mon bon Ami, le Dr. Massey, qui me fit la grace de m’en procurer la vue 8: qui I’a garde plufieurs annees chez Lui a Stepney., pres de LoJidrcs, ou j’en ai f'iic ie deflein fur leqael cette Planche a ete gravee. Le I ( I ) The White Tailed Eagle, This Bird not agreeing, in all Refpefts, with any of the Eagle-kind hitherto defcribed, and coming from a Part of the World we know but little of, I have given it a Place here. It is of the common Size of Eagles, that is about the bignefs of a Cock-Turkey . For Shape, it is flat-crown’d, ihort-neck’d, full-breafted, and brawny- thigh’d, having very long and broad Wings, in Proportion to the Body. The Bill is of a bluilh, Horn-colour ; the upper Mandible arch’d, and hanging over the lower, about an Inch, having an Angle or Tooth on each Side: The lower Mandible is fhorter than the Upper, and received into it; the upper Mandible is covered about a third of its Length, from the Head, with a yellow Skin, called the Cera, from its refembling Wax, in which the Noftrils are fituate: This yellow Skin reaches on both Sides, quite round the Corners of the mouth. The Iris of the Eye is of a Hazel-colour ; the Pupil, black, as it is in all Birds I have yet feen : Wherefore this Obfervation need not be re- peated in the Sequel of this Work. Between the Bill and the Eyes, are Spaces of bare Skin, of a dirty Colour, thinly fet with fmall, black Hairs: The Head and Neck are covered with narrow, brown Feathers, ending in fliarp Points, like thofe on the Necks of Cocks; but not fo long in Proportion: The whole Body is cover’d with dulky, brown Feathers, darker on the Back, and lighter on the under Side. The Bread; is fpotted with white, triangular Spots, having the fliarpeft Angles pointing upwards: Thefe Spots are in the middle of each Feather. The covert Feathers of the Wings are of the Colour of the Body; the Quills, or Flag-feathers of the Wings, are black: A few of the Quills, and firft Row of Coverts, next the Back, are variegated with tranfverfe Lines, of a darker and lighter Colour. The Tail, which is of equal Length with the Wings, v/hen clofed, is white, both upper and under Surface, except the Tips of the Fearthers, which are black or dark brown; and the covert Feathers under the Tail, are of a rediOi brown, or bay Colour; the Thighs are covered with dark, brown Feathers, of a very loofe Texture, through which a white Down appears in fome Places; the Legs are covered quite down to the Feet, with foft Feathers of a redifh, brown Colour. It hath four Toes on each Foot, very thick and ftrong, covered with fcales of a yellow Colour, ftanding three forward, and one backward, after the ufual Manner, armed with, very ftrong Talons or Claws, of a black Colour, bending almoft into femi- circular Figures, ending in very fliarp Points. This Eagle ’is a Native of ELudfon s-Bay, in the northern Part of America, from whence it was brought by a Gentleman, employ’d in the Hudfon s-Bay Company’s Service, and by him prefented to 'my very, good Friend, Dr. R. M. MaJJ'ey, who obliged me with a Sight of it. He kept it many Years at his Houfe at Stepney, near London, where I made the Drawing, from which this Print was taken. The B ( 2 ■) The King of the Vultures. This Bird is about the Bignefs of a Hen-'Turkey. I believe it is fomething lefs than the greater Sort of Vultures’, nor has it fuch large Wings in Proportion. The Bill is pretty thick and ftrong, ftraight for a little way, then bends into a Hook, and over-hangs the lower Mandible 3 it is red at the Point, and black in the middle Part; the Bafe of the Bill, both upper and lower Mandibles, are covered with a Skin of an orange Colour, broad, and pointing to the Crown of the Head, on each Side above, in which Spaces are placed the Noftrils, of an oblong Shape: Between the Noftrils is aloofe flap of Skin, fcolloped, which falls indifferently on either Side of the Bill, when the Bird moves its Head. The Iris of the Eye is of a bright, pearly Whitenefs; round the Eye, is an indifferent broad fpace of Scarlet Skin j the Head and Neck are cover’d with bare Skin; the Crown of a dirty, Flefh-colour, toward the Bill, and Scarlet in the hinder Part, behind which is a little Tuft of black Hairs: From this Tuft proceeds, on each Side, and parts the Head from the Neck, a fort of Stay of wrinkled Skin, of a brownifh Colour, with a little blue and red in its hinder Part: The Sides of the Head are of a black or dirty Colour, with Spots of brownifh Purple behind the Angles of the Mouth; the Sides of the Neck are red, which gradually becomes yellow in its fore Part; there runs a dirty yellow Lift down the hind Part of the Neck; and at the bottom of the Neck, a Ruff of loofe, foft, afh-colour’d Feathers, quite round, in which, by Contraction, it can hide its whole Neck and Sides of the Head; the Breaft, Belly, Thighs, and covert Feathers under the Tail are White, or a little inclining to Cream-colour; the back and upper Part of the Wings is of a light, redifli brown, inclining to Buff- colour; the Rump and upper covert Feathers of the Tail are White; the Quill -feathers of the Wings, black; fome of the middle-moft Quills have their Shafts edged with white; the Row of Coverts next above tne Quills, is black, with light, brown edges; the Tail is wholly black; tho’ Mr. AlSin makes it black only at the End; the Legs and Feet are of a dirty, white Colour; the forward Toes are joined a little way by a Membrance; the Claws are black, not fo great nop crooked as in Eagles. This Bird I drew at Sir Hans Shane's, where it lived fome Years. I have feen three or four of them; but could difcover no fuch Craw of bare Skin, as Albin has figured. The People who made a Shew of this Bird in London, told me it was brought from the Eajl Indies', tho’ I believe it rather to come from the JVeJi. I have feen an old Hutch Print of this Bird, very incorreCt, intitled, Kex Warwouwcirum, ex India Occidentali. Mr. Perry, a great Dealer in foreign Birds and Beafts, has aflured me thefe Birds are brought only from America. Albin fuppofes it to be like the Brafilian Vulture, called XJriibu, Willoughby , p. 68. tho’ it differs widely from that, which is no other than the Turkey Buzard, defcribed in Catesby s Hiftory of Carolina. Had Mr, Albin been tolerably correct in his Figure of this Bird, I fhould not have publiftied a fecond Draught. Lhe II. R o I des Vautours. CE T Oifeau eft a pen pres de la grofleur d’une Poule-d' Inde. Je penfe qu’il eft plus petit quc nos Vautours de la plus grande efpece-, aufli n’a-t-il pas de ft grandes ailes a propor- tion. Le Bee eft raifonnablement fort & epais, d’abord aftez direeft, & enfuite tourne en croc & furpaflant la mandibule inferieure, rouge a la pointe & noir au milieu. La Bale du Bee au defllis & au deflbus des Manibules eft couverte d’une peau de couleur d’Orange, large & s’elevant de chaque cote jufqu’au haut de la Tete, dans I’efpace de laquelle peau font placees les Narines de figure oblongue. Entre les Narines eft une efpece d’Oreille, ou de peau fibre & comme dentelee, qui tombe indifferemment d’un cote ou d’autre felon le mouvement de Tete que fait I’Oifeau. L’lris de I’Oeil eft d’une blancheur de perle, d’un grand eclat. Autour de rOeil il y a un afiez petit efpace de peau d’Ecarlate. La Tete & le Cou font converts d’une peau nue : le haut de la Tete d’une couleur de chair, temie du cote du Bee, & d’ecarlate fur le cote de derriere ; par de-la lequel eft une petite touffe de polls noirs j de laquelle fort de chaque cote & fepare la Tete du Cou, une efpece de bride de peau ridee de couleur brunkre avec un peu de bleu & de rouge dans fa partie pofterieure. Les Cotez de la Tete font d’une couleur noire, ou ternie, avec des taches d’un pourpre brun derriere les coins de la bouche. Les Cotez du Cou font rouges, qui fe changent par d^radation en jaune fur le devant. La defeend une forte de liziere d’un jaune terni le long du derriere du Cou; &*a I’extremite du Cou, une elpece de Fraize, ou Palatine^ de plumes donees & fibres de couleur de cendres, tout a fait ronde, dans laquelle il pent, en fe relTerrant, cacher fon Cou tout entier & les cotez de la Tete. La Poiftrine, le Ventre, les CuilTes & les plumes de couverture fous la Queue font blanches ou tirant un peu fur la couleur de Creme. Le Dos & le haut des Aiks eft d’un brun rougeatre, ou de couleur de Bufle : Le Croupion & les plumes de deftus qui couvrent la Queue font blanches ; les groffes plumes des Ailes, noires ; quelques-unes du milieu ont leurs barbes bordees de blanc. Le Rang des Couvertures, juftement au deftus des pennes eft noir, avec des bords d’un brun clair. La Queue eft tout a fait noire, quoique Mr. Albin ne la fafle de cette couleur qu’aux extremitez. Les Jambes & les Piez font d’un blanc terni ; les doigts de devant font joints, quoi-qu’en peu d’elpace, par une Membrane. Les Serres font noires, mais non pas fi grandes, ni ft crochues que celles de I’Aigle. Je deflinai cet Oifeau chez Monf. le Chevalier Hans Sloane, oii il a vecu quelques annees. J’en ai vu trois ou quatre de la meme elpece ; mais je n’y ai pu decouvrir ce Jabot de peau, avec le- quel M. Albin nous I’a figure. Ceux qui le montroient ici a Londres pour de I’argent, me dirent qu’ils I’avoient apporte des Indes Orientates, quoique j’aye opinion qu’il nous vient plutot de rOccident. J’ai vu aufti une VieUIe Eftampe de cet Oifeau, gravee en Hollande, mais peu cor- rcdle, dans laquelle il etoit intitule, Rex Warwouwarum, ex India Occident ali. yic. Perry, qui fait ici un grand negoce d’Animaux Etrangers, m’a aftTure que ces Oifeaux nous viennent de Y Amerique Albin fuppofe qu’il reftfemble au Vautour du Brefil, nomme dans le pays Urubii f, quoi qu’il diftere beaucoup de cet Oifeau-la, qui n’eft autre que le Cocq-dllnde Buzard, decrit par M. Catesby dans fon Hijloire de la Caroline. Si M. Albin avoit ete palTablement correct dans la figure qu’il nous a donnee de cet Oifeau, je n’en aurois pas public un fecond deftein, ADDITION. Navarette dans fes Voyages, publiez en Efpagnol, fait mention a la page 300, du Roi des Zepilotes: & void I’endroit tel qu’on I’a traduit dans la grande Colleliion des Voyages par Churchill, VoJ. I. p. 235. “ Je vis a Acapulco le Roi des Zopilotes, qui font les memes que nous appelons “ Vautours : e’eft un des plus beaux Oifeaux qu’on puiffe voir. Je I’avois fouvent oui exaiter “ & je m’imaginois qu’on en difoit plus qu’il n’en etoit ; mais quand je vis I’Animal je trouvai “ la defeription au deftbus de la chofe meme & encore a la p. 46. de la meme collebiion : “ Mais “ I’Oifeau le plus beau & le plus gay que j’aye vii eft le Roi des Copilotes {lifez fopilotes, qui ejl “ le meme que Zopilotes) que je vis a diverfes ibis dans IcPort dd Acapulco, fans pouvoir me rafliifier “ de fa vue, admirant toujours de plus en plus fa beaute, fa magnificence & fa bonne grace.” C’eft Monf. le Chevalier Hans Sloane qui m’a fait I’honneur de me communiquer la Remarque qu’on vient de fire & qui ne pent fe rapporter, je penfe, qu’au Roi des Vautours dont on voit ici la figure & la defeription ; & a prefent nous pouvons determiner plus certainement fon pays natal. B f Voyez Willoughly, Ornithologia, p. 68. CslU III. Le F A u c o N Tachete. CET Oifeau eft de la grofteur d’une Corneille commune, autant qui je Tai pu juger, & bien prls dans fa taillej la Tete aflez petite 6c pointue'i le Cou court; ie deffus du corps raifonnablement rond 6c finilfant en Cone par embas ; la Queue aflez longue, ainfi que les Ailes, qui en atteignent prefque le bout; les Cuifles Mufculeufes 6c fortes; les Jambes (Je moyenne longueur, les doigts bien liez par une Membrane qui avance un peu ; le Bee crochu 6c courbe en bas, ayant un angle dans la Mandibule fuperieure, dans laquelle eft re9ue I’inferieure, ou la plus courte. La Bafe de la Mandibule fuperieure eft couverte d’une Peau, dans laquelle font placees les Narines. Le Bee eft d’unc couleur de plomb, le Cera d’un Jaune verdatre; la Peau aux coins de la bouche, d’un Jaune tirant fur le rouge: L’lris de I’Oeil d’une couleur fombre. Autour de I’Oeil il y a un petit efpace de peau nue, de couleur de plomb ; Le haut de la Tete, le Cou, le Dos, 6c le delTus des Ailes, font d’une couleur brune moyenne ; Le cote de delTous depuis le Bee jufqu’a la Qi^ue, eft blanc, tachete a la gorge de petites touches de couleur obfeure, qui vifent en bas 6c qui peu a peu changent leur figure en forme de Croiftants, plus deliez fur la poi- dtrine, mais plus forts fur le Ventre: Les Cuifies font marquees de taches plus pe- tites, plus aifees a comprendre par la figure qu’a d’ecrire par des paroles. Les 'Tu- yaux 6c le rang des plumes imfnediatement au deflhs font peints de lignes tranfver- fales noires, ou tirant fur le Noir : La partie fuperieure du Bord de I’aile qui cotivre la poidtrine, eft blanc ; les Plumes de couverture des ailes en dedans font brunatres, marquees de taches blanches rondes. Des coins de la Bouchc fous les yeux, de chaque cote, defeend une grande marque noire, qui s’etend precifement jufqu’a la naiflance du Cou. Le Croupion 6c le delTus de la Queue eft d’une couleur de Cen- dres un peu obfeure avec des lignes traverfieres de couleur noire : les defibus de la Queue 6c des groffes plumes font d’un Cendre plus clair, 6c les Barres qui les tra- verfent, plus foibles que celles de deffus : les Jambes 6c les Piez, d’un Jaune eclattant 6c converts d’une peau ecaillee : les Doigts font armez de ferres noires, fortes, d’une pointe aigue 6c affez recourbees. Du refte, dans le cours de cet Ouvrage, je ne fatigue- fai point mes Ledleurs du nombre, ni de la lituation des doigts, les figures etant fuffi- fantes pour les exprimer au jufte : cependant je ne laifierai pas de decrire ceux qui au- ront quelque chofe d’extraordinaire, ou pour le nombre des doigts, ou pour la po- fition. Cet Oifeau fut apporte de la Baye de Hudfon 6c donne en prefent a Mr. le Dr. Massey, a Stepney ; ou il vecut quelque peu de temps : mais le defifein en a ete pris dans le terns que 1’ Oifeau etoit plein de vie. \ ms ^1 (5 ) The Sp OTTED Hawk or Falcon. This Bird is of the Bignefs of a common Crow, as near as I could judge, and well Ihaped; the Head being pretty fmall and fharp; the Neck, Ihort; the upper Part of the Body pretty round, and falls tapering to a Narrownefs downward; the Train pretty long, and the Wings reaching almofl to the End thereof; the Thighs, mufcular and Itrong; the Legs of middling Length, the Toes connected by a Mem- brane a little way; the Bill is hooked, and bent downward, having an Angle in the upper Mandible, into which the lower or fhorter is received; The Bafe of the upper Mandible is covered with a Skin, in which are placed the Noftrils. The Bill is of a Lead-colour, the Cera of a greenilh Yellow ; the Skin at the Corners of the Mouth of a redilh Yellow; the Iris of the Eye is of a dark Colour; round the Eye is a bare Space of Lead-colour’d Skin; the Top of the Head, Neck, Back, and upper Side of the Wings, are of a middling brown Colour ; the under Side from the Bill to the Tail, is white, fpotted in the Throat with little dalhes, of a dark Colour, tending downward, which gradually change their Shape into the Form of Crefents, finer on the Breaft, more grofs on the Belly: The Thighs are fpotted with fmaller Spots, which may be better conceived by the Figure than defcribed in Words : The Quills, and the Row of Feathers immediately above them, are painted with tranfverfe Lines of black or dufky; the upper part of the Ridge of the Wing which cover the Breaft is white; the covert Feathers within-fide of the Wings are dufky, fpotted with round Spots of white; from the corners of the Mouth under the Eyes on each Side, is drawn a broad, black Mark, which tends downward as far as the beginning of the Neck; The Rump and upper Side of the Tail is of a dark Afh-colour, with tranfverfe Lines of Black; The under Side of the Tail and Quill-feathers are of a lighter Afli-colour, and the Bars that crofs them, fainter than in the upper; the Legs and Feet of a bright Yellow, covered with a fcaley Skin; the Toes are armed with ftrong, fliarp- pointed, black Claws, pretty much bent. I fhall not, in the Courfe of this Work, trouble the Reader with the Number and Situation of the Toes, the Figures plainly exprefling them; yet I fhall defcribe all fuch as have not the ufual Number, or whofe Toes ftand not in the or- dinary Polition. This Bird was brought from Hudfon s-Bay^ and prefented to Dr. Majfey at Stepney^ where it lived fome fhort Time. This Draught was taken w'hile the Bird was alive. ( 4 ) The Black Hawk or Falcon. This Falcon or Hanvk (for I take it, that thefe two Names fhould import the fame thing, tho’ it is ufual to give the Name of Falcon to thofe of the greater Kind, and fuch only as are trained for Sport, the lelfer Sort being generally call’d Hawks) is of the fame Magnitude with that immediately foregoing, and in all Re- fpeds fhaped like it, excepting that it is a little bigger-headed in proportion to the Body : The Bill is of a dark Lead-colour, a little inclining to Flelh-colour, the Skin covering it of the fame Colour, but a little more inclining to Yellow; the Eye is of a dark Colour, with a bare Skin of a light Lead-colour round it, the Eye- brows overhang the Eyes, and are of a red Colour; the upper Side of the Head, Neck, Back, Wings and Tail, are of a black or very dark, dulky Colour: The Tips of the covert Feathers of the Wings and Tail are a little ruffet or redifh; it is alfo a little redifh in the hinder part of the Neck : The Ridge of the Wing in the upper part is white ; the Quills whithin-fide, are marked with tranfverfe Bars of dulky and Clay-colour, as is the under Side of the Tail; the inner Coverts of the Wings are black, with round and irregular white Spots; the whole under Side is of a dirty Clay-colour, with black Spots at the Ends of the Feathers, in the Form expreffed in the Figure. It hath black Marks from the Corners of the Mouth on each Side, extended backward in the form of Whifkers; round thefe black Marks is a frnall Mixture of dufky White; the Legs and Feet are of a dirty, greenifh Lead- colour, but inclining more to Yellow, where the Legs and Feet join ; the Soles of the Feet redifh, the Claws black. This Bird is a Native of Hiidfon s-Bay : It pitched on a Ship belonging to the Hudfons-Bay Company in Auguji J739, as the Ship was returning Home, after they had got a pretty Way through the Straits to Sea, and lived in London all the hard Winter, 1739. 1 was favour’d v?iih a Sight of this Bird by Taylor White y Efq; who gave me Liberty to draw it. Whether this and the foregoing be Male and Female, I leave to the Judgment of thefe who underfland Natural Hillory, The 4 IV. Le F A u c o N Noir. CE Faucon ou Epervier (car je m’imagine que ces deux noms fignifient la meme chofe, quoi qu’il foit ordinaire de donner le nom de Faucon a ceux de la plus grande efpece, les feuls qu’on eleve pour le divertiffement de la Chaffe, & cclui d'Epervier a la plus petite efpece) eft de la meme grandeur que celui qui precede immediatement, &, a tous egards, des memes proportions j excepte que celui-ci a la tete plus grofte, a proportion du corps. Le Bee eft d’une couleur de plomb-fonce, qui tire un peu vers la couleur de chair: la Peau qui le couvre, de la meme cou- leur, mais un peu plus approchante du Jaune. L’Oeil eft d’une couleur obfeure avec une peau nue tout autour, d’une couleur de plomb, mais claire. Les Sourcils avancent fur les yeux & font d’une couleur rouge j le delTus de la Tete, le Cou, le Dos, les Ailes & la Queue, font d’une couleur noire, ou d’un brun tres-obfeur ; les Extremitez des plumes de couverture, des Ailes 6c de la Qi^eue font un peu. rouftatres, ou tirant fur le rouge ; le derriere du Cou eft aufli un peu rougeatre ; le Bord de I’Aile dans fa partie fuperieure, eft blanc; les Pennes en dedans font marquees de barres tranfverfales d’une couleur fombre, ou de terre, auffi bien que le deflbus de la Q^eue ; les couvertures des Ailes en dedans font noires avec des taches blanches, rondes 6c irregulieres : tout le cote de deflbus eft d’une couleur de terre- brune, avec des taches blanches au bout des plumes, de la forme qu’elles font exprimees dans la figure. II a des marques noires depuis les coins de la bouche, de chaque cote, qui s’etendent par en bas en forme de Mouftaches ; autour defquelles il y a un petit melange de blanc-obfcur ; Les Jambes 6c les Piez font d’une couleur de plomb fonce, on verdatre, mais tirant plus fur le Jaune vers les Liaifons, e’eft a dire, dans I’endroit ou fe joignent les Jambes avec les Piez : La plante des piez, rougeatre j 6c les Ongles, noirs. Cet Oifeau eft de la Baye de Hudfon, II vint de lui-meme fe camper fur un Vaiflean appartenant a la Compagnie de cette Baye, en Aout 1739, comme le VaiflTeau s’en re- venoit 6c avoit deja franchi les detroits 6c gagne la pleine Mer. II a vecu a Londres^ durant tout le grand Hyver de la meme annee. Mr. Taylor White me fit la grace, non feulement de m’en accorder la vue, mais meme de me permettre d’en tirer un deflein. Du refte, fi cet Oifeau 6c le precedent font le Male & la Femelle d’une meme efpece, j’en laiflTe le jugement uux experts dans THiftoire Naturelle. V. Le Perroquet Noir, de Madagafcar. CE T Oifeau efi: a peu pres de la grofleiir du Perroquet Cendre k queue rouge ; ou, li Ton veut, du Ptgeo?i Domeftique. Le Bee eft court & epais vers la bale, courbe en bas comme une arche, la Mandi- bule inferieure tournee en haut de la meme maniere ; la fuperieure fur- pafle Tautre de quelque peu, mais beaucoup moins que je ne I’ai re- marque dans quelques autres Perroquets. La Bafe de la Mandibule de deflus eft couverte dune ftmple peau, dans laquelle font placees les Narines aflez haut Sc pres Tune de Tautre. Le Bee & la peau qui le eouvre, etoient blanes ou d’une eouleur de chair claire Sc jaunatre : Les yeux avoient I’lris brun, Sc autour un efpace de peau nue Sc blanche. La Tete Sc tout le corps tant deflus que defTous, eft d’une eouleur noire ou tres- brune, ternie Sc bluatre, telle que la eouleur de ces Pigeons, que nous ap- pellons Pigeons-noirsy differente du noir des Corneilles. Le deflus des Ailes eft plus clair, etant feulement d’un cendre-brun. Entre les grofles Plumes font entremelees trois ou quatre plumes blanches dans chaque aile ; les plumes des ailes font raifonnablement longues \ la Queue eft tres-longue pour un Oifeau dont les plumes de la Queue font toutes d’une egale longueur, comme dans celui-ci, cette forte d’animaux ayant generale- ment la queue tres-courte. Du refte cette Efpece de Perroquets, dont les plumes de la queue font d’une longueur inegale, font aufll remarquables pour leur longue queue. Les Jambes font tres-courtes, & leurs Piez fl- tuez, deux devant Sc deux derriere, comme dans route forte de Perro- quets : ils font converts d’une Peau rude, ecaillee, de eouleur de chair ternie ; les Ongles font forts, crochus & de eouleur noire. Cet Oifeau a d’abord appartenu a Monf le Chevalier Charles Wager; enfuite il en lit prefent a Mylord Due de Richmond, qui m’employa a en faire un Deflein pour Lui, Sc me permit d’en tirer un autre pour moi. C’etoit un Oifeau fort gentil, cherchant toujours d’etre fur la main. Sc des qu’on I’y avoit mis, on s’appercevoit bientot, a cer- taines careffes reiterees Sc aflez fingulieres, que ce devoit etre un Male, Sc e’eft la conclulion que j’en tirai. Je ne fache pas qu’on en ait donne encore la defeription. •8^50* (5 ) The Black Parrot from Madagafcar. H IS'Bird is about the Bignefs of the Ajfh-colour’d Parrot with a red Tail, or a Tame Pigeon, The Bill is (hort aad thick at the Bahs, ' bending downwa^rd as an Arch, the lower Mandible bending in the fame Manner upwards; the up- per Mandible over-hangs the lower a little, but much lefs than I have obferved it in fome other Parrots : The Bads of the upper Mandible is covered with a bare Skin, in which are fituate the Noilrils, pretty high and near each other ; both the Bill and the Skin .that covers it, were white, or light, yellawifh, Flefh-colour ; the Eyes had darh Irides, ..and a Space of bare white Skin round them : The Head and whole Body, both upper and.under Side, is of a black or very dark,, dirty, bluilh Co- lour, like the Colour Pigeons y vfhichwt call Black Pigeons y not like the, Black of Crows: The upper Side of the Wings is lighter, being only of .a dark, Alh-colour; amongft the Quill-feathers are intermixed three or four white Feathers in each Wing; the Feathers of the Wings are pretty long; the Tail is very long, for one whofe Tail- feathers are of equal Length as this is, they having generally very (hort Tails ; that kind of ParrotSy whofe Tail-feathers are of unequal Lengths, are as remarkable for very long Tails ; the Legs are very fhort, and the Toes fituate two backward and two for- ward, as in all the Parrot^kxnd ; they are cover’d with a rough, fcaley Skin, of a dirty Flefh-colour ; the Claws are flrong, crooked and black. This Bird was firfi: Sir Charles Wager %y and was prefented by him to his Grace the Duke of Rtchmondy who employ’d me to make a Draught of it for him,, and permitted me to take another for myfelf. It was a very gentle Bird, always choofing to be on the Hand, and when taken on the Hand, it would often repeat the Adt of Treading, which makes me think it was a Cock-Bird. I believe it hath not yet been deferib’d. C The ( ^ ) The fmallefl Green and Red Indian Paroq_,uet. T N this Plate, which was wrought from Nature, and not from a Draw- ing, the Bird is reprefented of its proper Size. It is lefs than the fmall red- headed Paroquet, commonly brought into England, which is pretty well figur’d and and defcrib’d by Albin in his Hiftory of Birds, VoL 3. Page 15. tho’ his Drawing is fomething too fmall, feeing the Bird is a little bigger than what I have here repre- fented, which is the leaft of the P^rroZ-kind I ever met with; the Bill is fhaped like thofe in the greater Sort of Parrots, of a bright Orange-colour. I could perceive no Skin covering the Bafis of the Bill; the Noftrils were near together in the upper Part of the Bill, very near the Feathers of the Forehead ; the Eyes are furrounded with a narrow Space of Skin, of a light Flefh-colour ; the Top of the Head is Red, or of the Colour of a Orange, which in the hinder Part of the Head gradually becomes Green, uniting itfelf with the Colour of the Back ; the under Side of the Bird, mid- dle of the Back, Wings, and Tail, are of a fine Green-colour, lighter on the Throat, Breaft, Belly, and Thighs, and darker on the Back Coverts of the Wing and Tail, darkeft of all in the greater Wing-feathers ; the lower Half of the Back and Rump, quite to the Tail, is covered with the fame bright Red or Orange-colour with the Head, being intermixed wuth the Green, and lofing itfelf in the middle of the Back ; the Legs, Feet, and Claws, are of a Flelh-colour, the Toes ftanding as in other Parrots ; the in fide of the Quills, and the under-fide of the Tail are Blue a very little inclining to Green. This Bird was brought from Holland, in Spirits, by Dr. Crom'well Mortimer, Secre- tary to the Royal Society, who bought it there wfith other Things brought from fome Dutch Settlement in the Pajl Indies ; He was pleafed to lend it me, that 1 might draw it. This Bird w^as put in camphorated Spirits, and appeared of a brown Colour whillt in the Spirits, tho’ the Glafs was white Flint, and the Spirits clear; and when taken out, vvaflied and dried, it became of the Colours above defcribed. I believe no Author hath yet taken notice of this Bird. The ♦ 6 f •i . j • I * J . •« I ' •li' . . (i ■ < . V J .. ifc. • ' ' • • ait* ■• «•* ■•« . « .if ! • * 'I . ■" r • , S. H ' If I t ai { VI. Le PERROQ.UET Indien Verd ^ Rouge^ de la plus petite ejpece. Dans cette Planche, gravee d’apres Nature & non d’apres un DelTein, TOi- feau eft reprefente dans fa propre grandeur. II eft encore plus petit que le Petit- Perroquety tet e-rouge, communement apporte en Angleterre & aflez bien figure & decrit par Alb i n, dans Ton Hijioire de Oijeaux, Vol. III. p. 15. quoique le deftein en foit uii peu trop petit, puifque I’Oifeau meme eft un peu plus gros que celui que j’ai reprefente ici, &c qui eft cn eftet le plus petit de toutes les efpeces de Perfoquets que j’aye jamais vus. Le Bee eft taille com me ceux de la grande efpece de Perroquets & d’une couleur d’Orange fort vive. Je n’ai pu y decouvrir de peau fur la bafe; les Narines font pres I’une de Tautre au deflus du Bee & fort proche des plumes du devant de la Tetc ; les Yeux font environnez d’un petit efpace de peau de couleur de chair aflez claire j le Sommet de la tete eft rouge, ou de la couleur d’une Orange de Seville, qui fur le der- riere de la tete fe change graduellement en Verd, s’uniflant avec la couleur du dos. Le cote de deffous de I’Oifeau, le milieu du dos, les Ailes & la Queue font d’un beau Verd, plus claIr fur la gorge, la poidtrine, le ventre & les Cuifles, plus obfeur fur le dos & dans les plumes qui couvrent I’Aile & la Queue, & tres-obfeur dans les grandes plumes de I’Aile. La moitie inferieure du Dos & le Croupion precifement jufqu’a la Queue, font converts du meme rouge eclattant, ou couleur d’Orange, que la Tete; entremele pour- tant de Verd 6c fe perdant, pour ainfl dire, au milieu du dos. Les Jambes, les Piez 6c les Ongles font de couleur de chair ; les doigts fe prefentant comme dans les autres Per- roquets: le deffous des grofles plumes auffi bien que de la Queue, font d’un bleu, qui tire tant foit peu du cote du Verd. Get Oifeau fut apporte de Hollande dans des Efprits par Monf, le Dr. Cromwell Mortimer, Secretaire de la Societe Royale, qui I’avoit achete la avec d’autres chofes apportees de quelqu’un des Etabliffemens Hollandois dans les Indes Orient ales. II eut la bonte de me le preter pour en tircr un deffein. L’Oifeau avoit ete mis dans des Efprits de Camphre 6c paroiffoit dans ces Efprits d’une couleur brune, quoique le Vafe fut de verre de roche & que les Efprits fuffent clairs. Mais apres I’en avoir tire, I’avoir lave 6c feche, il reprit toutes les couleurs qu’on vient de decrire. Je ne croi pas qu’aucun Au- teur ait encore pris connoiffance de cet Oifeau, C VII. Le T o u R A c o. CE T Oifeau eft a peu pres de la grofteur d’ane Pie ou d’un Giay ^ fa taille eft pin- tot longue que rondc; la Tete eft d’une grofteur raifonnable j Ic Cou d’une lon- gueur mitoyennej les Jambes plutot courtcs que longues; la Queue railbnnable- ment longue. C'eft un Oifeau des plus jolis tant pour la taille que pour les couleurs; il eft fort aiftif, fecouant fa Qi^ue, 6c dreftant fa hupe : II enfle fa gorge 6ic ne produit qu’un fon rauque & defagreable ; le Bee eft court & refferre par les cotez; la Mandibule fuperieure un peu en archc, mais ne furpaftant pas I’inferieure. Le Cote de deftbus de la Mandibule inferieure a un petit Angle, comme dans le bee des Mouettes. Les Gerfures d’en haut 8c d’en bas font d’uri rouge terni, ou couleur de Brique. Je ne connois aucun Oifeau qui ait un bee pareil a cclui-ci. L’Oeil eft d’un Brun couleur de Noifette, en- vironne d’une peau noueufe d’lme Ecarlate vive : Des coins de la Bouche jufqu’a I’Oeil il y a une grande ligne noire, qui fe retreflit 8c s’etend par deftbus 8c par de-la TOeil; foils cette Ligne noire il y en a une blanche, qui s’etend un peu plus en bas que la ligne noire, mais qui ne vient point en devant ft pres du Bee : Du coin de la Bouche s’etend une autre ligne blanche, qui paftb au deflbs de I’Oeil, mais qui ne defeend pas tant que celle de deftbus. La Tete, le Cou, la Poidtrine 8c les petites Couvertures des Ailes, font d’un beau verd-fonce; fur la tete il a une Hupe, qu’il drefte quand il veut ; les bouts meme, ou les fommets des plumes qui la compofent font rouges : les Cuiftes, le bas- ventre 8c les couvertures fous la Queue, font de couleur fombre, ou noire ; le Dos, les Ailes 8c la Queue font d’un beau pourpre bluatre: une partie des grandes plumes de I’Aile, ou Tuyaux, pres du Ventre, font d’un beau Cramoifi, bien exprime par le pur Carmin ; leurs bouts avec les bords des barbes exterieures font noirs ; les Jambes, les Piez 8c les Ongles, de couleur de cendres; lesdoigts font fituez comme dans les Grim- pereauxy les Perroquets 8c les Coucom : Dans quel genre d’Oifeaux il faut ranger celui-ci, c’eft fur quoi je ne faurois etre pofitif. Il ne grimpe pas comme font les Perroquets, 8c ne fe rapporte a eux a aucun egard, excepte dans la pofition des doigts; ni fon Bcc ne relfemble en rien a celui des Grimpereaux; ft bien qu’il approche plus, ce me femble, de I’efpece des Coucous. Monf. Albin a donne la figure de cet Oifeau, qu’il nomme UOiJeau-couromie du Mexique ; quoique ces Oifeaux foient reellement AfriquainSy 8c nommement dc Guiyiky d’ou ils nous viennent par la voye des Indes Occident ales, Cet Auteur n’a pas bien pris la taille de cet Oifeau, 8c il n’a pas decrit comme il faut les marques qu’il a autour de I’Oeil : il park d’un certain blanc dans les ailes, que je n’y ai pu decouvrir, quoique j’aye fait mon deftein d’apres deux differens Oifeaux de cette efpece. Cet Oifeau eft encore vivant chez Monf. le Colonel Louth er, dans le Park de ■S. James y ou j’ai eu la permiftion d’en faire des deftbins pour diverfes perfonnes de di- ftindtion. La texture des plumes en eft fi fine, qu’on n’y fauroit decouvrir aucune forme diftinde de plumes excepte dans les Ailes 8c dans la Queue. Voyez la figure qu’en donne Albhy Vol. 2. p. 1 8. de fon Hiji. Nat. des Oifeaux. Ou celui qu’il a pris pour modelle etoit de beaucoup plus grand que le mien, ou il faut que I’un de nous deux fe foit bien mepris dans la taille de I’Oifeau, puifqu’il le fait de la grandeur de \2igr0fe GrivCy qui ne paffe pas la moitie de la grandeur du Geay ou de la P/V, auxquels j’ai egale celui-ci. iiK ‘ - "I . . ‘‘.v-v ' WF. ^ ^ f ' ^ f ' i V * -I ' , V t * - I '1' -n,: •?***- •’.*. M*... ^ ' •,i H,' -v*'- ’■'< 1 ■ •'* • ^ 1 '' * '-‘m i'ii J. ■ " \r ■ ■4' ■/'te. , . t , Jiii 'I .1 o .'. ut:!;-.'. ■ ■' . 'iw » •' ‘ , ( ■t ' ; ' 1*5 ‘ '■"T.T: ■ • ‘ ,v‘ - .> . .' >■/<(:■ '• .. ii' (f. '1 ■ » ' r I «*• ■ ^ yip . t ■ :-Z- ‘->r‘ ■ ' , -iH -■•.'1,1 . .■. '. 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'♦ I • 1 . . ! . ■1.4 1-1. «» .. j 1. ■■' •• V 'A*.' . , ♦ S' ■ V I '1. 1 ■ r' ■t • ^ il -.fia '7 ( 7 ) The T o u R A c o. ^ I H I S Bird is about the Bignefs of 2i Magpye ox'Jay 'y the Make of its Body is rather long than round j the Head of a moderate Size ; the Neck of a midaling Length ; the Legs rather diort than long; the Tail pretty long : It is a very elegant Bird, both for Shape and Colour ; it is very adtive, hurting up its Tail, and raifmg its Crelt ; it fwells its Throat, and utters a horfe and difagreeable Sound ; the Bill is fhort and comprelfed Side-ways ; the upper Mandible a little arched, but not over- hanging the lower; the under Side of the lower Mandible has a finall Angle, as in the Bills of Gulls 'y the upper and lower Chaps are of a dirty Red or Brick Colour : I know not any Bird that has a Bill like this. The Eye is of a dark Hazel-colour, encompalTed with a knotty Skin of a bright Scarlet-colour ; from the Corner of the Mouth to the Eye, is a broad black Line, which grows narrower, and extends itfelf underand beyond theEye; under this is a white Line, which extends a little farther back than the black Line, but doth not come forward fo near the Bill ; from the Corner of the Mouth is extended another white Line, which paffes above the Eye, but not fo far back as that beneath; the Head, Neck, Bread, and leffer Coverts of theWings, are of a fine dark Green-colour ; on its Plead it hath a Creft, which it raifeth atPleafure ; the very Tips of the Feathers on the Crefi; are Red; the Thighs, lower Belly, and Coverts under the Tail, are dulky or black ; the Back, Wings, and Tail, are of a fine bluifii Purple- colour; Part of the greater Wing-feathers or Quills, next the Belly, are of a fine Crimfon-colour, well exprefied by pure Carmine ; their Tips and Borders of the outer Webs are black; the Legs, Feet, and Claws, Afh-colour ; the Toes are lituate as in Woodpeckers^ ParrotSy 2LX\6.Quckows : What Genus of Birds to range this with, I can- not pofitively fay ; it climes not as Parrots do, nor doth it agree with them in any refpedt, except in the Pofition of the Toes; nor is its Bill any thing like a Woodpecker ^y fo that 1 think it neared the Cuckow kind. Aibin has figured this Bird, and calls it the Crown Bird from Mexico ; though thefe Birds are indeed Ajricansy broug! t from Guinedy by the Way of PVeJl Indies, to us; he hath not fiiaped his Bill right, nor defcribed well the Marks about the Eye ; he mentions White in the Wings, which 1 could not difcover, tho’ I have drawn after two difierent Birds of this Kind. This Bird is now living at Colonel Louther's Houfe in ^t. James’s Park, where I have been permitted to make Drawings of it for feveral Perfons of Didindtion. I'he Texture of this Bird’s Feathers are fo ‘fine, that no didimd Form of Feathers can he difcovered, except in the Wings and Tail. See Mr. Aibin's Figure, VoL 2. Page i C oi\\\sNatural Hijhry of Birds. His Bird was either a great deal lefs than mine, or one of us mud be pretty much miftaken in the Size, fince he makes it of the Size of the Mijfel Bird, which is not above Half the Bignefs of a Jay or Magpye, to which i have likened it for Size. ( 8 ) 7he Great Kin g-f i s h e r from the River Gambia. FO R BIgnefs, this Bird equals, if not exceeds, the Mijfel Bird or Greater-T’hrujh ; it is great-headed, fhort-necked, the Body neither over-long or round, the Tail is long, the Wings pretty long, the Legs very rfiort; the Bill is long and ftraight, pretty thick towards the Head, ending in a fharp Point, of a bright Scarlet-colour j the upper Mandible is channelled on each fide, in which Channels are placed the Noftrils, pretty near the Head ; the Angles or Corners of the Mouth are deep cut, and fall diredlly under the Eyes j under each Eye is a. narrow Border of white Feathers; the Head, Neck, whole under Side, and part of the Back, are cover’d with dirty Orange-colour’d Feathers : the Chin and Breaft lighter than the Back; in the Middle of the Bread:, fome of the Tips of the Feathers are White ; the Wings are Purple, in the upper Part the greater Feathers being blue, yet the foremoft of the prime Quills are black ; tho’ the upper Part of the Wing be moftly Purple, yet there is a narrow Space of blue runs round the Purple ; the Ridge of the Wing is White ; the lower Part of the Back and Rump is of a Blue-Green, changeable Colour ; the Wing-feathers, which border on the Back, partake of the fame changeable Colour; the Tail is of a fine Blue-colour, yet it in fome Lights has a greenifh Call ; the Legs and Feet are of a Red-colour, with black Claws ; the middle and outer Toe joined together, as in our King-JiJher, This Bird was preferv’d in the Colleftion of Mr. Peter Collinfhny who on all Occafions has been my Friend, and helped me to many curious and uncommon Birds : He told me this Bird came from the River Gambia. Albin has publifhed a Bird fomething like this, which he calls the Large King-JiJher from Bengal -y but there is fo much Difference, that they muft be two different Spe- cies : I have feen both the Birds ; Albino is in Mr. Dandridge's Colledlion in Moor- Jieldsy which has convinced me they are fpecifically different, more than if I had feen only Drawings of thefe two Birds. See Albino Figure and Defeription, Vol. 3. />. 27. of his Hif^ory of Birds. T’be <9 VIIL Le Grand Martin-Pescheur, de la Riviere de Gambia. CE T Olfeau, pour la grolTeur, egale, s’il n’exc^de pas, nos Grives de la plus grande efpece ; il a la Tete groffe, le Cou court, le corps ni trop long, ni trop rond ; la Q^ue eft longue, les Ailes paflablement longues, les Jambes tres-courtes j le Bee eft long & droit, raifonnablement epais du cote de la Tete, & finiftant en pointe aigue, d’une Ecarlate vive ; la Mandibule fuperieure eft cannelee de chaque cote, & dans ces cannelures font placees les Narines aflez pres de la Tete les Angles ou Coins de la Bouche, font taillez bien avant 6c tombent diredtement fous les Yeux j fous chacun des Yeux il y a un petit bord de plumes blanches; la Tete, Ic Cou, tout le delTous 5c une partie du Dos font converts de plumes de couleur d’Orange ternie ; le Menton 5c la Poidtrine plus clairs que le Dos ; au milieu de la Poidtrine quelqucs-uns des fommets des plumes font blancs ; les Ailes font de couleur de pourpre, 5c quoique le deflus des grandes plumes foit bleu, cependant les plus avancez des grands tuyaux font noirs, 6& quoique la partie fuperieure de I’Aile foit prcfque toute pourprine, cependant il y a une petite bande de Bleu qui environne le pourpre ; le Bord de TAile eft blanc ; la partie inferieure du Dos 5c le Croupion, font d’un Bleu-verd changeant; les Plumes des Ailes qui bordent fur le dos, participent a la meme couleur changeante : La Queue eft d’un beau Bleu, 5c cependant en certains jours elle a quelques nuances verdatres ; les Jambes 5c les Piez font de couleur rouge, avee des Ongles noirs ; le Doigt du milieu avec le doigt extericur font joints enfemble, comme dans notre Martin-Pecheur. Cet Oifeau a ete conferve dans la Collection de Monf. Pierre Colinson, qui dans toutes les occafions s’eft montre mon Ami 5c m’a fait parvenir a divers Oifeau x cu- rieux 5c peu communs. Il me dit que cet Oifeau venoit de la Riviere de Gambia^ [que chacun f^ait etre une des grandes branches du Niger en Afrique^ Albin a public un Oifeau qui relfemble en quelque chofe a celui-ci, 5c qu’il nomme Grand Martin-Pkheur do, Bengale mais il y a tant de difference entr’eux, qu’il faut que ce foient deux differentes efpeces. J’ai vu les deux fortes d’Oifeaux ; celui d' Albin eft dans la Collection de Monf. Dandridge^ aux Morejields^ ce qui m’a plus con- vaincu qu’ils different fpecifiquement, que ft je n’en avois vu que les Defteins. Voyez la figure 6c la defeription d' Albin dans le 3. Vol. p. 27. de fon Hijioire des Oifeaux. Le Marti n-Pescheur Blanc Noir. CE T Oifeau eft de la grofteur de la Grive Chanterelle ^ ou Petife-Grive : la Fi- gure eft de fa grandeur & proportion naturelle. II a un Bee long 6c aftez diredt, la couronne ou haut de la Tete, platte, la Tete longue 6c le Cou court; La Tete, ce me femble, n’eft pas ft grolle a proportion du corps, qu’en d’autres de ce genre: II a des ailes raifonnablement longues 6c une longue C^ue : Tous les Oi- feaux du genre Martin-Pejeheurs^ ou Alcyons^ ont les jambes courtes, Le Bee eft long 6c paflablement epais a la bale, finilTant en pointe aigue, de couleur noire, ayant une Gerfure ou Cannelure de chaque cote fur la Mandibule fuperieure, dans laquelle font placees les Narines pres de la bafe : les yeux precifement au delTus des coins de la bouche; la couronne de la Tete 6c le derriere du Cou, font noirs: des coins de la bouche, fous les yeux, il y a une bande noire aflez large, qui tombe dans la meme couleur derriere le Cou; des Narines font tirees des lignes blanches par deftus les yeux 6c coulent tout le long de la Tete ; les cotez de delTous tout- entiers, depuis le Bee julqu’a la Qi^ue, font d’un Blanc terni 6c jaunatre, excepte une petite barre de taches noires qui traverfent le milieu de la Poidtrine; le Dos eft tout noir, les plumes ayant les fommets gris ; le bord de I’aile eft blanc ; toutes les plumes de couverture, parfemees de blanc 6c de noir ; I’aile batarde noire : Les pre- mieres -ou grandes plumes font blanches par le haut, enfuite noires, ayant leurs bor- dures blanches : Les Tuyaux ou plumes du milieu ont des taches blanches dans leurs barbes exterieures, 6c des bordures blanches; les autres Tuyaux proches du dos, font noirs avec des bordures blanches. Les plumes de la Queue font blanches par le haut, avec une rangee de taches noires, qui les traverfe. V ers les extremitez il y a une bande noire large d’un Pouce, 6c les bouts par dela la bande font blancs. Les Jambes 6c les Piez font d’un brun terni, 6c taillez comme dans tous les autres de ce genre. Monf. Pierre Colinfon me preta cet Oifeau pour le deffiner : il I’avoit re9u avec d’autres de Gomrou^ Ville 6c port de Mer dans le Kerman, province de Perfe, Cet Oifeau fut conferve dans des Efprits, avec plufieurs autres, dans un verre, pour etre portez jufqu’ici; la partie blanche paroiffoit fort ternie 6c jaunatre, ce qui ne venoit, je penfe, que pour avoir ete tachee par les Efprits qui n’etoient pas nets : car j’ai obferve de tels changemens dans les plumes, que je favois d’ailleurs etre d’un beau blanc. N. B. Quiconque veut deffiner un Oifeau preferve dans des Efprits, qu’il le tire du Vafe, qu’il le lave fuffifamment dans de I’eau chaude, qu’il le rince enfuite dans une bonne quantite d’eau froide 6c qu’il le laiffie fecher peu a peu; de cette ma- niere il rendra aux plumes leur veritable couleur : car il y a des plumes qui pa- roiffent, dans ces fortes de verres pleins d’elprits, d’une couleur toute contraire a la couleur veritable qu’elles avoient, avant qu’on les y eut mifes: j’en ai fait I’Obfer- vation. ( 9 ) The Black and White King-Fishery HIS Bird is of the Bignefs of the Song ‘Thriijh, the Figure is of the natural Size; ic hath a long ftraight Bill, flat Crown, long Head, and fhort Neck; the Head^ I think, not fo big in proportion to the Body, as in fome others of this Genus ; it hath pretty long Wings, and a long Tail; all of the King-JiJher-k‘.n3, are /hort-leg’d ; the Bill is long and pretty thick at the Bafe, ending in a fliarp Point, of a black Colour, having a Groove or Channel on each Side the’ upper Mandible, in which the Noftrils are placed near the Bafe ; the Eyes are placed juft over the Corners of the Mouth ; the Crown of the Head and hinder Part of the Neck is black ; from the Corners of the Mouth, under the Eyes, is a broad black Line, which falls into the fame Colour behind the Neck ; from the Noftrils are drawn white Lines above the Eyes, and conti- nued the whole Length of the Head; the whole under Sides, from Bill to Tail, is of a dirty, yellowifti White, except a little Bar of black Spots that crolTes the Middle of the Breaft ; the whole Back is black, the Feathers having grey Tips; the Ridge of the Wing is White; all the Covert-feathers party-colour’d of Black and White; the baftard Wing Black; the firft or largeft Quill-feathers are white at their Bottoms, then black, having the very Tips white ; the middle Quills having white Spots in their outer Webs, and white Tips ; the remaining Quills next the Back, are black with white Tips; the Tail-feathers are white toward their bottoms, with a Row of tranf- verfe black Spots ; toward the Tips is a Bar of Black of an Inch broad, the Tips be- yond the Bar being White; the Legs and Feet are of a dirty brown Colour, fh ap’d as in all others of this Kind. Mr. Peter Colinfon lent me this Bird to draw ; he received it with others from Gamron in Perjia. This Bird was preferv’d in Spirits, with many others, in a Glafs to bring to Eng- land, the white Part appeared very dirty and yellow, which, I believe, was owing only to its being ftained with the foul Spirits ; for I have obferv’d fuch Changes in Fea- thers which I knew otherwife to be purely White. N. B. If any one would draw a Bird preferv’d in Spirits, let him take it out, wafti it pretty well in warm Water, and rinfe it in a good (^antity of cold, and let it dry gradually, and he will reftore the true Colour of the Feathers, as far as can be ; for fome Feathers in the Glafles of Spirits, I have obferved to appear of Colours very con- trary to the true Colour they are of before they were put in. rhey D ( lo ) ^ I The Swallowmtaii/d King-Fisher. This Plate reprefents the Bird in its natural Size, which is nearly that of the' Englijh King-fifhert and it agrees alfo with ours in Shape, except the Wing being a little longer, and the Tail much longer, without regard to the two longeft Feathers; the Bill is long, ftraight, and fliarp-pointed, black of Colour, channeled on each Side in the upper Mandible, in which Channels are placed, the Noftrils pretty near the Head; the Corners of the Mouth fall deep into the Head, and the Eyes are placed juft over them ; the Head is of a dirty brown Colour, brighter towards the Bill, darker in the hinder Part ; under the Bill is a pretty large white Spot an Inch broad, in the middle Part, but growing narrower on each Side toward the Neck ; the whole Body is of a dirty Black, having a glofs of Blue, fomething lighter on the Breaft, and darker on the Back ; the Wings are of a fine, dark, fhining Green, though lighter in the Co- vert-feathers than in the Quills ; a fingle white Feather appear’d among the Covert- feathers of the Wing; the Tail had two long Feathers more than double the Length of the other Feathers; the upper Side of a dark gloffy Green, on the under Side dulky, fome of the fhorter Feathers having white Tips; the Legs and Feet are Black, and made as in other King-fijhers . This Bird, though of a dull Colour, hath all over it, when expofed to the Sun, a ffiining Lufirc like a Mixture of Gold Threads with the Feathers, fuch as we fee in mofi: forts of Humming Birds y it is moreremark- bly bright on the Covert-feathers of the Wings than in any other Part. This Bird is in his Grace the Duke of Richmond'^ Colledtion; it was inclofed and parted up in Glafs, fo that I could not handle it, nor could I certainly difcover whe- ther the two long Feathers in the Tail were the middle Feathers or the outer Feathers; though I think they are the middle Feathers. ' The Bird we call Merops in Europe, differs from the King-JiJJoer , only in that it hath the Bill a little bent downward, and the two middle Feathers of the Tail being longer than the reft ; the Bird above de- fcribed, hath only one of thefe Marks of difference : It was brought from Surinam in South America, by the way of Holland. I cannot find that this Bird has been defcribed or taken notice of by any Author. Thr Z.^’Martin-Pescheur d Queu'e-d'Hirondelle. CETTE Eftampe reprefente I’Oifeau dans fa grandeur naturelle, qui eft ap- prochante de celle du Martin-Pecheur Anglois^ & il convient aufli avec le notre par rapport a la taille, excepte I’Aile qui eft un peu plus longue, & la Queue qui I’eft beaucoup davantage, fans avoir egard meme a ces deux longues plumes qui debordent extremcment des autres. Le Bee eft long, droit & d’une , pointe aigue, noir de couleur, cannele de chaque cote dans la Mandibule fuperieure, & dans Tune & I’autre des cannelures les Narines placees aflez pres de la Tete. Les coins de la bouche tombent fort avant dans la Tete, & les yeux font lituez jufte- ment vis a vis. La Tete eft d’un brun terni, plus clair du cote du Bee, plus fombre dans fa partie pofterieure. Sous le Bee ii y a une tache blanche aflez grande, de la largeur d’un Pouce vers le milieu, mais fe retreciflant de chaque cote vers le Cou : Tout le c5rps eft d’un Noir terni, ayant un luftre de bleu, un peu plus clair fur la Poidtrine & plus obfeur fur le Dos. Les Ailes font d’un beau Verd fonce & brillant, quoique plus clair dans les couvertures que dans les grandes plumes ; il n’y a qu’une feule plume blanche qui paroifle parmi les couvertures de I’Aile. La Queue avoit deux longues plumes, plus du double de la longueur des autres, le cote de def- fus d’un verd obfeur & luftre, mais fombre par deffous, quelques-unes des plus cour- tes plumes ayant les bouts blancs. Les Jambes & les Piez font noirs & formez comme dans les autres Martm-Pecheurs. Cet Oifeau, quoique d’une couleur fombre, a fur tout fon corps, quand il eft expofe au foleil, un luftre brillant, comme un me- lange de fils d’or avec les plumes, tels que nous en voyons dans la plus part des efpeces de Colibris : fon brillant eft encore plus remarquable dans les plumes de couverture des Ailes, qu’en aucun autre partie, Cet Oifeau eft dans le Recueil de Mylord Due de Richmond: il etoit enclos dans un verre bien colie par deffus, tellement que je ne pouvois le manicr, ni de- couvrir avec certitude fi les deux longues plumes dans la Qi^ue etoient les plumes du milieu, ou les plumes exterieures, quoique je m’imagine que ce font les plumes du milieu. L’Oifeau que nous appellons Merops dans notre Europe^ d’apres Pline, ou en Francois Guefpier^ differe du Martin - Pecheur feulement, en ce qu’il a le Bee un peu courbe en bas & les deux plumes mitoyennes de la Qj^ue plus longues que le refte : L’Oifeau decrit ci-deflTus a feulement une de ces marques de difference. Il nous eft venu de Surinam^ dans I’Amerique Meridionale, par la voye de Hollande. Je ne trouve point que cet Oifeau ait ete decrit, ni meme qu’on ep ait pris connoiffance dans aucun Auteur. D XI. Les Petits Martin-Pescheurs des Indes. CE S Oifeaux rellemblent de fi pres au Martin-Techeur que nous avons en Angle- terre, que la defcription de Tun fuffira prefque pour celle de I’autre, excepte dans la grofleurj ceux-ci n’etant pas la raoitie fi gros que les notres en Angleterre : L’Eftampe les montre ici de leur grandeur naturelle ; mais comme il y a quelque petite difference entre Tun & I’autre, il eft vraifemblable qu’ils peuvent etre Male & Femelle. L’Oifeau le plus eleve dans TEftampe, a un Bee jaune, tirant fur I’Orange j tout le cote de deffous eft d’une couleur d’Orange; le Haut de la Tete, le Cou, le Dos, le Croupion & les couvertures des Ailes, font Bleus, les pointes des plumes etant fort claires & brillantes. A la bafe de la Mandibule fuperieure, de chaque cote, il y a une tache de couleur d’Orange; de meme derriere chaque Oreille il y a une petite Touffc de plumes de couleur d’Orange, qui paroit avancer un peu. Les plumes de la Queue & tons les Tuyaux de I’Aile font d’un brun fombre & noiratre: Les Jambes & les Piez font faits comme dans les autres Martin-Pecheurs 6c d’une couleur d’Orange ternie. L’Oifeau d’en bas a un Bee Noir, plus fonce du cote de la Pointe ; la Machoire infe- rleure, le long d’un petit efpace, pres de la tete, eft de couleur de chair ; la Gorge eft blanche; la Poieftrine, le Ventre 6c tout le cote de deffous, eft de couleur d’Orange, quoique les cotez du ventre font un peu entremelez de Vord. Des Narines a travers les yeux font tirees de chaque cote, des lignes de couleur d’Orange qui atteignent par en bas les cotez du Cou ; au deffous de ces lignes, de chaque cote, des Angles de la Bouche cou- rent des lignes de Bleu-verd. Le Deffus, la Tete, le Cou, le Dos, les Ailes 6c la Queue, font converts de plumes d’un bleu-verd. Le fommet de la Tete 6c la marque fous le Menton ont des Lignes tranfverfales d’un bleu plus fonce ; les bouts des couvertures des Ailes font plus clairs que I’autre partie des plumes, Les Jambes 6c les Piez font d’un rouge terni. L’Oifeau de deflus differe de notre Martin-Pkheur, en ce qu’il a un Bee jaune, au lieu que nos Martins I’ont noir ou de couleur fombre, 6c que celui-ci a les Tuyaux 6c les plumes de la Queue d’un brun terni, au lieu que les notres font bordez de verd ft avaht, qu’ils paroiffent verds, des que les plumes font fermees. L’Oifeau d’en bas differe aufli des notres, en ce qu’il n’a pas fur le Dos 6c fur le Croupion des plumes bleues tres-bril- lantes, au lieu que les notres font principalement remarquables pour leur grand luftre. Avec un de ces Oifeaux, il nous vint des Indes un Martin-Pkheury tout a fait pareil au notre en Angleterre, 6c pour la groffeur 6c pour la Taille 6c pour la couleur. Monf. P. Colinfon me fit la grace de me procurer le premier des Oifeaux qu’on trouve ici, 6c pour le fecond, j’en ai I’obligation a Monf. Datidridge. Ils venoient de Bengale^ dans les Indes Orientales^ ll ( II ) The Little Indian King^Fishers. These Birds fo nearly refenible the King-fijher we have in Englandy that the Defcription of the one will almoft anfwer for- the other, except in the Bignefs, thefe being not half fo big as ours in England j the Plate fhews them in their natural Bignefs, there being fome fmall difference between thefe two Birds, it is like they may be Cock and Hen ; the upper Bird hath a yellow Bill, inclining to Orange ; the whole under Side is of an Orange-colour ; the Top of the Head, Neck, Back, Rump, and Covert-feathers of the Wings are Blue, the Points of the Feathers being very light and bright ; at the Bafe of the upper Mandible of the Bill, on each Side, is an Orange- colour’d Spot ; behind each Ear likewifeis a little Tuft of Orange-colour’d Feathers, which feem to Ifand a little way out ^ the Feathers of the Tail, and all the Quills of the Wing, are of a dirty, blackifh Brown j the Legs and Feet are made as in other King-JiJherSy of a dirty Orange- colour. The lower Bird hath a black Bill, darker towards the Point; the lower Chap for a little Space, next the Head, is Fle/li-colour ; the Throat is white; the Breafl, Belly, and whole under Side, is Orange-colour, tho’ the Sides of the Belly are a little intermixed with Green ; from the Noflrils, through the Eyes, are drawn on each Side, Lines of Orange-colour, which reaches down the Sides of the Neck ; below thefe, on each Side, from the Angles of the Mouth, are drawn Lines of Blue-green ^ the upper Side, Head, Neck, Back, Wings, and Tail, are cover’d with Blue-green Feathers; the Top of the Head and the Mark on the Cheek, has tranfverfe Lines of a darker Blue ; the Tips of the Coverts of the Wings are lighter than the other Part of the Feathers: the Legs and Feet are of a dirty Red; the upper Bird differs from our King-JiJher, in that it hath a yellow Bill, which in ours is black or dufky, and that this hath dirty brown Quill and Tail-feathers ; ours are fo far edged with Green as to appear Green when the Feathers are clofed. The lower Bird differs from ours, in not having very bright, blue Feathers on its Back and Rump, which in ours are remarkable for their bright Luftre : There came with one of thefe Birds from India a King~jipier, altogether like ours in England^ both for Bignefs, Shape, and Colour. Mr. Peter Colinfon obliged me with the upper Bird, and Mr. Dandridge with the low- er. They came from Bengal in the Eajl Indies, r.be ( 12 ) The Arabian Bustard. This Bird is about the Bigiiefs of a T^urkey^ it is longer leg’d and neck’d, and flenderer body’d than the common Bujiard : It hath a Bill longer than is com- mon to the Poultry-kind, of which this is a Species : From the Point of the Bill to the Angles of the Mouth is three Inches and a Half j the Bill is of a light Horn- colour, a little darker at the Point ; the Noftrils are long, and placed near the Fore- head j the Eyes are of a dark Colour ; the Fore part of the Head is white ; above the Eve is a Line of black, ending in a Point toward the Forehead backward; it increafes in Breadth, and forms a fort of black Creft, from which Creft proceeds a fhort black Line; and reaches almoft to the hinder Part of the Eye ; the Neck, forward, is Alh-colour’d, with fmall tranfverfe Lines of a darker Colour ; the hinder Part of the Neck and Back are of a brown Colour, with fine tranfverfe blackilh Lines ; the Coverts of the Wings of the fame Colour with the Back, the Tips of the Feathers being white, form Spots like Half- moons; the ridge of the Wing in the upper Part is White, from whence proceeds a broad white Bar, that feparates the Covert from the Quill-feathers ; this Bar is fprink- led with fmall black. Spots, few or none in the upper Part, thickly fire wed in the lower; the bafiard Wing is black, the Feathers having white Tips ; the foremofi of the prime Quills are black, the middlemofi are fpotted black and white, being part of the above-mentioned Bar, drawn obliquely down the Wing; the inner Quills, next the Back, are of the fame Colour with it ; the breaft. Belly, Thighs, and whole under Side, are purely White; the Tail on the upper Side, is colour’d like the Back, tho’ the outer Webs of the outfide Feathers are partly White, the under Side of the Tail hath a Bar of Black acrofs it, near the Tips of the Feathers ; the Legs are pretty long; it has only three Toes, which are very fiiort, all fianding forward; the Legs are bare of Feathers for fome Space above the knees; both Legs and Feet are cover’d with a fcaley Skin of a dirty white or light brownifh Colour; the Claws of the fame Colour This Bird was kept alive many Years by my honoured Patron Sir Hans Sloaney Bart, at his Houfe in London^ whofe Goodnefs always gave me free Leave to draw any curi- ous thing he had in his Pofleflion. This Bird was brought from Mocha in Arabia Felix, and prefented to Sir Hans Shane, by Charles Dubois, Efq; Treafurer to the India Company. It hath not yet been defcrib’d by any Author that I know of. I'he ^ !• ' * ‘ ■ V . 'Mi' «• It.;: ; , ’ .1 r ♦ ' 1.; i ■ ' ii» 'r: '•♦. • i *1 illfi ' i '; ,U w ‘ “ll. I ■i' I '-■ ‘iliili'i-'!’ ’ i ’ • • .1 I i; !lt> -»»(•• '■‘k ■ - . " !'U \'h ‘ .r 1- . - . i -. . r AW * li- V.- , ;,a^ -fl : ' . -I (•■It,; ■•• : . •-!.r,. ■: | V , 1.. - ..riJ- V. . ■; •'i ■• '• '■>. ' :■ ■ii^ • s ' ■ • . -s . j! ■••I ■■-'W ■'■"ya '.3?: ■J* Li 1'** 4' >.^K . a T.' - \ 't/ VM . •(• w :• '-i ttj" >. /-n > i 2 ■■ <*!(.'*- ■ ■' f: H. I < ‘ I / f-'yt. 1* 'm '■ h.' i ■ ' -T ■ r? ■ . : r-^'* • i;# ‘i , '7 ■- .'; !'■ '/lit-.'-' , . ,;h.1I.„ • ,'^;!pk i r '■ ••:/. ■■ ■': ■■■ :-i'j . • r >. : • ■ • ' ( ■ Vvr . . ‘ ■ 'Ji ■: .ff XII. L’Outarde <5?’Arabie. CE T Olfeau eft environ de la grofleur d'un Cocq-d’Inde ; il a les Jambes & le Bee plus long 6c le corps plus delie que notre Outarde commune. II a un Bee plus long, que ne I’ont communement ceux du Genre deVolaille, dont celui-ci eft une efpece. De la pointe du Bee jufqu’aux Angles de la Bouche il y a trois Pouces 6c demi. Le Bee eft d’une couleur de Come claire, mais plus obfeure vers la pointe ; les Narines font longues 6c placees pres du front ; les yeux font d’une couleur obfeure ; le devant de la Tete eft blanc ; au deflus de I’Oeil il y a une ligne de noir, finiflant en pointe vers le front 6c defeendant un peu. Elle s’aggrandit en largeur, 6c forme une forte de hupe noire, de laquelle hupe fort une ligne noire courte, qui atteint prefque la partie pofte- rieure de I’Oeil, Le Cou, fur le devant, eft de couleur de Cendres avec de petites lignes traverlieres d’une couleur plus obfeure le derriere du Cou 6c le Dos font d’une couleur brune, avec de belles lignes traverlieres noiratres : Les couvertures des Ailes, de la meme couleur que le Dos, les extremitez des plumes etant blanches, forment des taches comme des demi-lunes : Le bord de 1’ Aile par deflus eft blanc, d’ou procMe une large barre blanche, qui fepare les plumes de couverture des plumes de Tuyau: Cette barre eft alpergee de petites taches noires, peu ou point dans la partie fuperieure, mais femees plus epais dans fa partie inferieure. L’Aile Batarde eft noire, les plumes ayant leurs bouts Wanes: la plus grande partie des premiers Tuyaux font Wanes j ceux du milieu font tachetez de noir 6c de blanc, faifant partie de la barre fuf-mentionnee, 6c tirent oblique- ment le long de I’Ailej les Tuyaux interieurs, pres du Dos, font de meme couleur que cette partie. La Poidlrine, le Ventre, les CuilTes 6c tout le cote de deflfous, font lim- plement blancs j la Q^ue du cote de delTus, eft de la couleur du Dos, quoique les barbes exterieures des plumes de dehors foient en partie blanches. Le deflbus de la Queue a une barre de noir qui la traverfe pres des extremitez des plumes. Les Jambes font rai- fonnablement longues ; 6c n’ont que trois Doigts, qui font tres-courts 6c tous pofez en devant. Les Jambes font deftituees de plumes jufqu’aflez avant au deflfus des Genoux : les Jambes 6c les Piez font converts d’une Pcau ecaillee d’un blanc terni, ou d’un brun clair J 6c les ongles de meme couleur. Cet Oifeau fut garde vivant pendant plufieurs annees par Monf. le Chevalier Ham Shane ^ mon tres-honore Patron, dans fa maifon meme a Ij07idres\ cet ami genereux m’a toujours donne libre acces chez lui, pour y defliner quelque fujet curieux, qui fut en fa pofleflion. L’Oifeau fut apporte de Mochay dans I’Arabie Heureufe, 6c donne en prefent a Monf. le Chevalier Shane par Monf. Charles Dubois , Treforier de la Compagnie des Indes. Il n’a pas encore ete decrit par aucun auteur, que je fache, Dans le pays, d’ou il vient, il eft nomme Lohong, XIII. Le G u A N, ou Q.U A N, ainji mmme dam les Index Occidentales. CE T Oifeau efl un peu plus gros qu’une Toule commune, &: approchant de la grof- feur de la plus grande efpece de nos Volailles. Par rapport a fa Taille, il reflemblc aflez au Cocq-d’Inde^ avec lequel je compte qu’il a beaucoup d’affinitCi le Bee droit, plus long qu’un Bee de Poule, un peu courbe en bas vers la pointe & de couleur noire; les Narines placees alTez pres de la Tete; les cotez de la Tete font d’une Peau d’un bleu-pourprin, deftitue de plumes; au milieu de ces Efpaces nuds font placez les yeux, dont les Iris font d’une couleur d’orange ternie ; fous le Menton & un peu le long du Cou pend une peau lache, d’un tres-beau Rouge, clairfemee de polls noirs; le haut de la Tete eft couvert de plumes noires, qu’il peut eriger en forme de Crete : quelques- uns de ces animaux n’ont que peu ou point d’apparence de Crete, & ‘je fuppofe que ce font les Femelles. Le Corps entier, depuis la Tete en bas, eft couvert de plumes noires, ou d’un Brun de rouille tres-fonce ; le Devant du Cou, la Poiiftrine & le Ventre, ont des taches blanches, par petites touches, qui vifent en bas, entremelees dans la couleur obfeure ; les couvertures des Ailes ont quelque chofe d’un luftre de verd & de violet ; mais les Tuyaux tirent plus vers la couleur pourprine. Le Dos & le Croupion reflechif- fent un luftre de couleur de cuivre ; mais tous ces luftres fe chang^nt en differentes cou- leurs felon les differentes politions de la lumiere: 5c meme dans un mauvais jour, I’Oifeau paroit uniquement d’un Noir de Rouille, fens aucun luftre. La Q^ue eft raifonnable- ment longue, taillee comme celle d’un Cocq-d'Inde^ d’un noir fombre : Les Jambes 5c les Piez font d’un Rouge eclattant ; il a quatre doigts, qui fe prefentent comme a I’or- dinalre. Je ne vis point qu’il eut des Ergots ; les trois doigts de devant font joints en- femble par une Membrane, mais en peu d’elpace. Ses ongles font noirs. Je vis un de ces Oifeaux chez le Capitaine Cha7idler a Stepney^ qui I’avoit apporte avec lui de quelqu’une de nos Ifles de Sucre dans les hides Occidentales^ mais je ne me fou- viens pas pofitivement de laquelle. Je fuppofe pourtant qu’il fe trouve dans la plus-part des Antilles. Le Jacupema du Br^l de Monf. Margrave^ eft, je penfe, le meme que celui-ci, quoique la defeription qu’il en donne differc un peu de la mienne. ( 15 ) The A N or Gu an, fo called In the Weft; Indies. S Bird IS a little bigger than a common Hen^ near the Bignefs of the larger ^ Kind of Poultry; for Shape of Body, it pretty nearly refembles a 'Turkey y to which I take it to be near of Kin ; the Bill ftraight, longer than a Hens Bill, bending down a little at the Point, of a black Colour; the Noftrils placed pretty near the Head; the Sides of the Head are of a Blue-purple-colour’d Skin, bare of Feathers > in the middle of thefe bare Spaces are placed the Eyes, whofe Irides are of a dark, dirty Orange-colour ; under the Chin, and a little way down the Neck, there hangs a loofe Skin, of a fine red Colour, thinly fet with black Hairs ; the Top of the Head is cover’d with black Feathers, which it can eredt into a Crefi: ; fome have little or no Appearance of a Crefi;, I fuppofe they are Hens ; the whole Body, downward from the Head, is cover’d with black Feathers, or very dark, rufty brown; the fore- part of the Neck, Breafi:, and Belly, have white Spots and Dafhes tending down- ward, intermixed with the dark Colour; the Coverts of the Wings have fomething of a green and purple Glofs, the Quills more inclining to Purple; the Back and Rump refle<5l a Copper-colour’d Glofs ; but all thefe Glofies change to diifierent Colours in different Pofitions of Light ; yet in a bad Light, the Bird feems to be only of a rufiy black, having no Lufiire at all ; the Thighs and lower Belly are of a rufiy black, hav- ing no Glofs ; the Tall is pretty long, fhaped like a Turkeys Tail, of a dull black; the Legs and Feet are of 'a bright Red; it hath four Toes fianding after the ufual manner: I could fee no Spurs it had ; the three forward Toes are join’d together a little way by a Membrane; the Claws are black. I faw one of thefe Birds at Captain Chandlers at Stepneyy who brc^T7ht it with him from fome ofte of the Sugar Iflands in the ITeJi Indies, I have forgot diredly which ; but I fuppofe it may be found in moft of them. The Brajilian Jacupema of Mar- grave, I believe, is the fame with this Bird, tho’ his Defcription difiers fomething from mine. The E ( *4 ) Jhe Green^^Wing’d Dove. His Dove is reprefented in the Plate of its natural bignefs : It is rather round than long-body ’d.; the Tail and Wings not fo long as in mod: kind of Doves. J think it the moft beautiful of all, the Dove-k\n6. I have hitherto feen. The Bill is near an Inch long and pretty flender, of a Scarlet- colour, from the Point to the Noftrils, both upper and under Chaps ; from the Noftrils to the Head of a pale Blue, a little Riling in the upper Part ; the Eye is of a dark Colour j the Forehead is white, from which proceed two white Lines above the Eyes, towards the hinder Part of the Head ; the Crown of the Head is of a bluifh Colour; the Sides of the Head, Neck and Breafl, are of a Rofe-colour, tho’ the hind Part of the Neck gra- dually changes to a more dirty Colour ; the Belly is of a dirty Orange- colour, which infenfiblj foftens into and unites with the Rofe-colour of the Bread; the upper Side of the Wings are of a fine Green-colour in fome Lights, which in other Pofitions to the Light, appear of a fplendid Copper-colour, or a Colour more inclining to Gold; the greater Quills are of a dirty black ; the Shoulder or Ridge of the Wing is fpotted with fmall white Spots ; among the Covert-feathers of the Wing, on one Side only, was a fingle white Feather; the Sides, under the Wings, are of the fame Colour with the Belly; the Covert-feathers, within-fide of the Wings, are of a dark Cinnamon- colour; the inner Webs of the Quills from their Bottoms, for a good way towards their Tips, are alfo tinged of a Cinnamon-colour, otherwife they are of a dulky black ; the middle of the Back is of a dirty brown ; the lower Part of the Back, and the Feathers covering the Tail, are Afh-colour ; the. middle Feathers of the Tail are Black ; the outer Feathers Afh-colour, with black Tips ; the Legs and Feet are of a Red colour, fuch as is common to mod of the Pigeon-k\Tid‘y the Claws are light Brown. This Dove was prefented to Mr. John Garnery Merchant ha Rather hith y at whofe Houfe I took a Draught of it. He told me it was brought from the Eaji Indies. I faw another of thefe Birds, kept fome time in a Cage at Sir Hans Shane's. ne XIV. Le Pigeon d faile-verte. CE Pigeon eft reprefente dans I’Eftampe de fa grofteur naturelle: il a le corps pluftot rond que long ; la Qi^ue & les Ailes pas ft longues que dans la plus-part des Efpeces de Pigeons. C’eft, a mon avis, la plus belle de toutes les fortes de Pigeons^ que j’aye jamais vues. Le Bee a pres d'un Pouce de longueur, aflez mince, d’une couleur d’Ecarlate depuis la pointe jufqu’aux narines, tant deftus que deffous les machoires; depuis les Narines jufqu’a la Tete, il eft d’un Bleu pale, s’elevant un peu dans fa partie fuperieure. L’Oeil eft d’une couleur obfeure; le Devant de la Tete eft blanc; d’ou procMent deux lignes blanches, par defllis les yeux, vers la partie pofterieure de la Tete j le fommet de la Tete eft d’une cou- leur bluatre; les cotez de la Tete, le Cou & la Poidrine, font d’une couleur de Rofe, quoique le derriere du Cou fe change par degrez en une couleur plus ternie; le Ventre eft d’une couleur d’ Orange ternie, qui s’adoucit infenftblement & s’unit avec la couleur de Rofe de la Poidrine. Le cote de deffus des Ailes eft d’un beau verd en quelques jours j lequelles ailes pourtant en d’autres fttuations, par rapport a la lumiere, paroifTent d’une couleur de Cuivre brillante, ou d’une couleur tirant du cote de rOr: les plus grands Tuyaux font d’un noir ternij I’Epaule ou le bord de I’Aile eft parfeme de petites taches blanches. Parmi les plumes de couverture de I’Aile, d’un cote feulement etoit une feule plume blanche j les cotez, fous les ailes, font de la meme cou- leur que le ventre ; les couvertures, en dedans des ailes, font d’une couleur de canelle foncee ; les barbes interieures des grandes plumes depuis leur nailTance vers les extremitez, font, durant un bon efpace, aufli teintes d’une couleur de canelle, autrement elles font d’un noir fombre. Le milieu du Dos eft d’un Brun terni j le bas du Dos & les plumes qui couvrent la Queue, font de couleur cendree ; les plumes mitoyennes de la Queue font noires ; les plumes exterieures, cendrees, avec des extremitez noires. Les Jambes & les Piez, font d’une couleur rouge, telle qu’on la voit communement dans la plus part des efpeces de Pigeons : les ongles font d’un Brun clair. Ce Pigeon fut donne en prefent a Monf. Jean Warner^ Marchand en Rotherhith^ chez qui j’en tirai le deftein. Il me dit qu’on I’avoit apporte des Indes Orientates. J’ai vu un autre de ces Oifeaux, tenu en cage pendant quelque temps chez Monf. le Cheva- lier Hans Shane, E XV, Le Pigeon d Longue-queud. La Figure de cet Olfeau le fait voir de fa grofleur naturelle. II a la Tete petite a proportion du corps j le Cou d’une longueur mediocre j le corps alTez long ; la Qi^ue plus longue que le corps entier j les Ailes d’une longueur modique ; le Bee eft droit, peu epais, un peu courbe en bas a la pointe, d’une couleur de come, claire autour des Narines & un peu elevee, plus obfeure vers la Pointe; I’lris de I’Oeil eft d’une cou- leur obfeure. Du coin du Bee jufqu’a I’Oeil, eft tiree une ligne blanche qui fait le tour de I’Oeil en forme de cercle. Le Devant de la Tete, au deftlis & au deflbus du Bee, eft d’une couleur jaunatre, ou d’argile, le derriere de la Tete eft d’un Bleu de Pigeon, aftez clair : ces couleurs fe perdent Tune dans I’autre, ou elles s’unilTent. Dans I’endroit ou ces deux couleurs fe rencontrent fur les cotez de la Tete, precifement fous les Oreilles, il y a de chaque cote une tache noire ronde de la grandeur d’une Vejfe^ le Devant du Cou & la Poidtrine font d’un Rouge ponceau, ou couleur de fleur, plus vive vers le haut, mais degenerant par degrez du cote du Ventre en couleur de Terre: le bas du Ventre, les Cuilfes & les couvertures fous la Queue etant de couleur de terre ou d’argile, avee un petit melange de Cendre. Le haut du Cou, le Dos & le haut des Ailes, eft d’un Brun obfeur & terni, les Tuyaux etant plus bruns que les plumes de couverture, quoique les bords des barbes des grandes plumes foient d’une couleur plus claire que le refte de I’Aile, Les plumes de I’Epaule, entre le Dos & I’Aile, comme auffi quelques-unes des grandes plumes & des couvertures pres du Dos, font marquees vers leurs bouts de taches blanches ovales, de differentes grandeurs, environ dix ou douze en nombre de chaque cote. Le Croupion & les Plumes qui couvrent la Queue, tirent plus vers la couleur de cendres, que le Dos & les Ailes. Les Plumes mitoyennes de la Queue font tres-longues & de cou- leur noire : les plumes de cote deviennent plus courtes par degrez ou pluflot par etages, tellement que les plus exterieures de chaque cote excedent a peine la moitie de la longueur de celles du Milieu ; les plumes exterieures font d’une couleur bluatre ou plutot cendree, ayant des barres de noir pres de leurs bouts meme, ou les extremitez, qui font blanches ; les Jambes & les Piez rouges, comme dans les autres Pigeons : il a quatre doigts qui fe pre- fentent a la maniere ordinaire ; les ongles font noirs. Ce qu’il y a de plus hngulier dans cet Oifeau, e’eft la longueur de la Queue, qui eft taillee comme celle de la PzV; nulle cfpece de Pigeons, que j’aye vus, n’en ayant de pareille. Cet Oifeau, au refte, ne dif- fere prefque point de quelques autres de nos Indes Occidentales^ excepte a I’egard de la Queue. Jc deffinai cet Oifeau chez Monf. Jean Warner de Rotherbith', il I’avoit eu d’une Per- fonne, qui I'avoit apporte des Indes Qccidentales, V. rs/.^r'- / - v • • . ■ t V > ' ■*■'1 ;•* ' • >- • • • . ; ..V 'V'- '>•' V: » •: • i X- ■j ; ■ i;. '• ■ ! I-,,- ; : ■ ’•'V -- >•'■: .--.>■■ r-'"-' . ■■ ■ v!' ■ . ' V i-ft- ■ --x ‘ * ■•<•* ■.■ ' '>•. 5.- ^ • .i^ . ' c- ■-r ''.... I ' . . . , - rt •!. ■ ■ V '• ^■’i • c ‘ .>-■•“-■ I ■J'l ■i ■ce •■ J.:- ■ ■ •n!', ' ^ > ■ ' • ■•,-■•, ■•■ ■ ’.••■ ' •: ■■’■■ ■ • ' ■'■ v. '■:, >>_< \-;S V ■ > : ■V :. it ' • -v. • « •, ' •' . r - ( *5 ) The Long-tail 'd Dove. The Figure of this Bird fhews it of its natural Bignefs; it hath but a fmall Head in proportion to the Body^ the Neck of a middling Length; the Body pretty long; the Tail longer than the whole Body; the Wings of middling Length; the Bill is flraight, not very thick, a little bent downwards at the Point, of a Horn- colour, light about the Noftrils, and a little Rifing, darker towards the Point; the Iris of the Eye is of a dark Colour; from the Corner of the Bill to the Eye, is drawn a white Line, which incircleth the Eye ; the Fore-part of the Head, above and beneath the Bill, is of a yellowifh or Clay-colour, the hinder Part is of a Pigeon Blue, pretty light ; thefe Colours lofe themfelves in each other, where they unite; where thefc two Colours meet on the Sides of the Head, juft under the Ear-holes, are fituate on eac^ Side a round black Spot of the bignefs of a Tare; the Fort-part of the Neck and Breaft are of a bluifti or Bloflbm-colour, more intenfe above, changing gradually to- wards the Belly into a Clay-colour ; the lower Part of the Belly, Thighs, and Coverts under the Tail, being Clay-colour, with a little mixture of Cinerious ; the upper Side of the Neck, Back, and upper Side of the Wings, is of a dark, dirty Brown, the Quills being darker than the Covert-feathers, though the Edges of the Webs of the Quill- feathers are a littlelighter colour’d than the reft of the Wing; the Scapular-feathers between the Back and Wing, as alfo fome of the Quills and Coverts next the Back, are marked at their Ends with oval black Spots of different Magnitudes, about lo or 12 in Number on each Side ; the Rump, and Feathers covering the Tail, are more in- clining to Afh-colour than the Back and Wings ; the middle Feathers of the Tail are very long and black, the fide Feathers gradually grow fhorter, fo that the outer-moft on each Side, little exceed half the Length of the middlemoft ; the outer Feathers are of a bluifti or Afh-colour, having Bars of Black near their Tips, the Tips themfelves being White ; the Legs and Feet Red, as in other Doves-, it hath four Toes ftanding after the uLal Manner ; the Claws are Brown, What is moft fingular in this Bird, is the Length of the Tail, which is fhap’d like a a Magpye's, no Bird of the Dove or Pigeon-\i\nd, that I have met with, having the like. This Bird hardly differs at all from fome others in the Wejl- Indies, fave in the Tail. I drew this Bird at Mr. '^ohn Warner % of Rotherhith who had it of a Perfon that brought it from the WeJi~Indies. T‘bc ( i6 ) The Transverse Striped^ or Bared Dove, ^'’T^HIS Bird for Shape, agrees with mod: of the Z)(?i»^-kind j for Magnitude it is one of the fnaaller Sort j being of the bignefs of the Draught, or if any Dif- ference, it is rather lefs ; the Tail of a pretty good Length, in proportion to the Body, the Feathers being of equal Length ; the Bill is fhaped as in other Dovesy of a light Horn-colour ; from the Noftril to the Eye, and round the Eye, is a narrow white Stroke j the Iris of the Eye, Blue-grey ; the Forehead, round the Eyes, Cheeks, and under the Bill, are light Blue ; the Crown, and hinder Part of the Head, are Red orRuffet; the Fore-part of the Neck, Bread, Belly, and Thighs, are of a faded Rofe or Bloffom-colour j the Feathers under the Tail, White ; the Sides of the Neck, and Sides of the Body under the Wings, which partly appear when the Wings are clofed, are of a bluilh Colour, thick fet with very fine tranfverfe Lines of a darker Blue or Black j the upper Side of the Neck, Back, Wings, and Tail, are of a dirty, brownilh Afli-colour; the hinder Part of the Neck, Back, and Covert-feathers of the Wings, are marked at little Diftances with very diftindt tranfverfe Lines of Black, which are continued from Wing to Wing acrofs the Back, with little Breaks or Interruptions ; the greater Quills are fomething darker than the Coverts of the Wing ; Though the Tail be of the Colour of the Body, yet the cutfide Feathers are darker, approaching to Black, having their Tips White about an Inch deep ^ the Legs and Feet are fhaped as in other Dovesy of a paler Red than is common to mofh ; the Claws brown. Though I have mentioned many dliferent Colours in this Bird, you muft not underftand a Bidden Meeting of any two Colours, as in Patch-work, but fuch an Union and gradual Change from one Colour to another, as a fkiiful Painter exprefles in his Pofteft Shadows. I took this Draugnt from the Bird alive, at Sir Cbarks Wagers Houfe at Parfons Green. 1 was told, by Sir Charles's Lady, it was brought from the Eafi: Indies. f 16 XVI. Le Pigeon BarrL \ CET Oifeau, pour la Taille, convient avec la plus grande partle des efpeces de Pigeon: pour ce qui eft de la Grandeur, c’eft un pigeon de la plus petite efpece, etant de la grofteur du Deftein, ou s’il y a quelque difference, il eft pluftot plus petit: la Q^eue d’une affez bonne longueur, a proportion du corps i les plumes etant d’une longueur egale j le Bee eft taille comme dans les autres Pigeons, d’une couleur de Come un peu claire. De la Narine jufqu’a I’oeil, & tout au- tour de Toeil, il y a un petit trait de blanc : L’lris de I’oeil eft d’un Bleu-gris : le Devant de la Tete, le Tour des yeux, les joues & le deffus du Bee, font d’un Bleu clairj la couronne & le derriere de la Tete, font rouges ou rougeatres : Le Devant du Cou, la Poiftrine, le Ventre & les Cuifles font de couleur de Rofe ou de fleur fanec j les plumes fous la Queue, blanches j les cotez du Cou, 6c les cotez du corps fbus les Ailes, lefquels paroiflent en partie quand les Ailes font fermecs^ font d’une couleur bluatre, femes de tres-belles barres traverfieres d’un Bleu fonce tirant fur le Noir : le haut du Cou, le Dos, les Ailes 6c la Qi^eue font d’une cou- leur de cendre ternie 6c brunatrej le derriere du Cou, le Dos, 6c les couvertures des Ailes, font marquees, a petites diftances, de lignes noires traverfieres tres-diftin \'l }■ - 'M > , -f -. 1 ■ ■'■..■ =!', ' : , . f •Jl*; . •r 1 . * .•^wV 4 ' *•-• “ i ’. .■ £ -: ‘ v‘ . . . - ;i - ■ i .. -iNn- * . ■ . ■ ’ • ■i- ; ''' ■ ■ ■ ■*■: ' -'‘.i- ...i -X^ ' X . -. X ■ '<■;; ' .' ' * •> : , ■ x.-. ,• ■ - V ' .' V-rr?- . >, . J: >' ■ '^.£. . -i'-"’ • ■ 'v ' ■ j . ; "s ‘j - • . ' ■ - j ■ -. r f- jT. -I * 1 I k> ! JL ( 17 ) The Minor or M i n o, Greater and Lefs, T Suppofe the above Name may be the Indian Name of this Bird, in the Country from whence it is brought. I take it to be near of Kin to the ’Jackdaw, the Greater, for Bignefs, equals a "jackdaw or Magpye, the LelTer hardly exceeds a Black- Bird, fo that the one is at lead twice as big as the other; they have middling fiz’d Heads, pretty plump round Bodies, and Ihort tails; the Legs of a middling Length; the Bill is pretty thick at the Bafis; from upper to under Side, but fomething com- prefied Sideways, of a red Colour towards the Head, and a yellow Point in the lef- fer Bird, and all over Yellow in the Greater: the Bill ends in a Point not very fud- denly or fliarp; the Feathers on each Side point into the Bill as far as the Nollrils ; the Eyes are Hazel-colour’d in both; in the hinder-ptirt of the Head in both, are two little Flaps of yellow Skin in the Form of Crefcents with the Points upwards, one Corner of each being behind the Eyes, the other Corners uniting in the hin- der-part of the Head ; under the Eyes are other yellow bare Spots of Skin, which are joined to the before-mention’d, in a manner not eafy to exprefs; but by the Figure, I have been more full in this Particular, becaufe Mr. Alain has publilli’d this Bird, and fafly deferibed thefe Marks, which are the Charadlerifticks, both in his Figure and Defeription. I have had Opportunity to examine feverai of thefe Birds, tho’ they are very rare: The Head, Neck, whole Body, Wings and Tail, are cover’d with black Feathers of a great Luftre, {l^ining in different Lights with blue, green, and purple Gloffes; the Feathers on the hinder-part of the Head, that are encompaffed by the bare Flaps of Skin, refemble Hairs or Velvet for their Fine- nefs; the Bottoms of fome of the firft of the Quills are white, w'hich form a white Spot in the middle of the Wing; the Legs and Feet are of a yellow Colour inclin- ing to Orange in the leffer Bird, more yellow in the Greater; the Claws light brown; the Number and Po/ition of the Toes, as in the Figure. The leffer Bird I faw at a Dealer’s in curious Birds, in tdr/jite-Hart Tard in the Strand, London. The Greater, belong’d to the late Dr. Geor^ge Wharton Treafurer of the College of Phyficians, London, who employed me to draw it for his Lady, and gave me leave to take a Draught for myfelf. After it died, I open’d it and fet up the Skin: I found it to be a Hen Bird. Whether thefe two Birds fo unequal in Size, tho’ fo exad; in Likenefs, be Male and Female of the fame Species, I leave to the judgment of the Curious. I find in Willoughby a very brief Account of a Bird, which I take to be this, it Bontiuss Indian Stare, P. 196. fab. 38. For Whiffling, Singing and Talking, it is accounted in the firff Rank, expreffing Words with an Accent nearer Human than Parrots or any other Birds ufiially taught to talk. They are faid to come from the Ifland Borneo, and tis likely they came from thence and the adjacent Parts. They are brought to us by the India Com- pany’s Ships, See Mr. Albino Figure, in his Hijlory of Birds, VoL 2, Plate 38. fhe F ( ) Jhe Solitary Sparrow, O R Bignefs, Shape of Body, aad Proportion of Parts, it is like the Black-Bird^ A the Figure reprefents the Bird of its natural Size. The Bill is ftraight, the up- per Mandible bending a little downwards at the Point, of a black Colour above and beneath; the inlide and Corners of the Mouth of a reddi/h Yellow-colour; the Eye is of a dark Hazel-colour ; the Eye-lids all round, of a yellow Colour; the Fea- thers of the whole Bird, except the Quills and Tail, are of a full blue, darker on the Back, and lighter upon the Breaft; the Feathers on the Bread and Belly being bared acrofs or fringed with a lighter Colour ; the Quills and Tail-feathers are of a dulky Brown or Black, yet have they on their outer Webs fomething of blue; fome of the firft Row of Wing Coverts, next the Belly, are tip*d with White ; the Legs and Feet are black; it hath black Claws. This Bird is defcrib’d by Willoughby ^ P. 191. but there being no good Figure of it, I thought it might be acceptable to the Curious. They are fam’d for the Sweetnefs of their Singing. My Defeription differs a little from that in Willoughby ^ but I always choofe to deferibe from Nature itfelf, before I confult the Deferiptions of others. The Hen is defcrib’d, together with the Cock, in the above Page of Willoughby. I drew and defcrib’d this from the live Bird at Sir Charles Wagers. They are faid to be found in the mountainous Parts of Italy^ and breed in Rocks and old ruin’d Towers ; but I have reafon to believe they are fcatter’d all over Europe, efpecially in the Southern Parts, fmee I have feen fome of them that were jfhot at Gibraltar, and fent dry’d to London. ■ A 'i if liC- . r\ t I t. 4: >t- •• *-- t ; U "S:'‘ J .4 w; M fi . t • » fi 3/ ( 21 ) The Blue Creeper. The Figure fliews the natural Bignefs of this Bird: It hath a fmall Head, and a fhort Tail ; the Bill agreeing in Shape with the Certhia or Creeper. I have given it that Name, tho' the Bill is a little longer, it being about an Inch long, flender, and bowed downward, of a blackilh Colour ; at the Bafe of the upper Mandible the Feathers are Black, which join with a black Line drawn from the Corners of the Mouth to the Eyes; under the Bill alfo is a black Mark, drawn a pretty way down the Throat, as in the Cock-Sparrow; the whole Head and Body is of a fine deep Blue; the leffer Covert-feathers of the Wings are alfo Blue; the prime Feathers, and the Row ne:^t above them, are Black ; the Tail is fhort, very little exceeding the. Length of the Wings, of a black. Colour ; the Legs, Feet, and Claws, are of a light yellow Brown. The Go L D'E N « H E A D E D ~ B L A C K\ T 1 T-M O U S E. - ^ S 'HERE is no Genus of European Birds to which I can liken this Bird: It i., pretty big-headed, round-body’d, fiiort-tail’d and leg’d ; it hath the Feet form’d direeftiy as in the King-JiJJjery and wanteth only a long Bill to make it a perfedl King- fijher. I believe by its Feet and fhort Legs, it is of that Tribe, and may perhaps live and feed on Infedls in Cane Swamps, as the King-JiJhcr does on Fifla, on the Borders of Rivers; but this is Conjefture, This Figure fhews the Bird of its natural Size. I have feen Dutch Drawings of thefe Birds, entitled, Mamikinsy which is a Name the Hollanders give to fome European Birds alfo; it hath a Ihort Bill, not thick or very {lender, but flilp’d like the Bills .of Eit-micey of a white Colour; the Crown, hinder Part of the Head and Cheeks under the Eyes, are o-f a bright Orange or Golden-co- lour; the Throat, whole Body, Wings and Tail, are black, yet fliining vrith a blue or purplilh Glofs when expofed to a. good Light ; the Feathers covering each Knee arc ot an Orange -colour; tire Legs very fliort ; the Toes as in King-ffoerSy with fmall Claws; the Legs, Feet, and CTav/s, arc all of a Flefh-colour. Thefe two curious Birds, above dderib’d, were lent me by his Grace the Duke of Richmond. They are neatly fet up, with many others, in Glafs- Cafes: they were fen: to the Duke from Holland^ who told me they came from ^iirmaniy a Dutch Settlement on the Continent of South Arnericay which lies in a very warm Latitude. I have called it a Eit-mouje, becaufe it hath a Bill like that Tribe of Birds, and is of the firne Size; but I do not thir.k it a Species belonging to tnat Genus. I have feen Draw ngs of both thefe Birds in the Co]le(itions of the Curious; but no Figures of them h we been publilh’d with Dcfc.^iptions, that I know of, G 7:, ( 22 ) The Re d - b e l l y ’ d B l u e « B i r d. I 'HIS Plate fliews the Bird of the BIgncfs of Life; it is of that Tribe which Willoughby has call’d blender-bill' d Birds y whofe Tails are all of one Colour, of which Number is the Nightingale y Robin Red-Breajl, Redjiarty and many other Englijlo Small Birds j it hath a {lender fliarp-pointed Bill, of a middling Length, of a dark lead-colour; the Head, Neck, Breaft, Wings, Tail, and upper Part of the Back, are of a purplifli blue Colour, partly very bright, partly ob feu re; the Sides of the Head, the Breaft, and the Coverts of the Wings, are the brighter Parts; the upper Part of the Neck and Back, of a dull dirty Blue, partaking a little of Green; from, the under Part of the Bill, a little way down the Throat, is of a dirty Blue or dark Colour; the Quills and Tail-feathers are of a black or dufky Colour, the Edges of the Feathers being Blue; .the lower Part of the Back is of a light Colour, with a faint Mixture of Rofe; the Covert-feathers of the Tail of a fine blue purple Co- lour; the Thighs, lower Belly, and Coverts under the Tail, are of a dirty redhh Orange-colour; the Legs, Feet, and Claws, of a dark Lead-colour. I was favour’d with a Draught of this Bird by his Grace the Duke of Richmond: It was brought froni Surinam, I believe this Bird hath not before been de- • feribed. The Scarlet Locust. * S 'HE Figure prefents you the natural Bignefs of this Infe A . H ' •r . i / > * { • . i I XXIV. Le Rouge-Gorge Bku. CE T Oifeau paroit etre de la Tribu^ ou Famille des Olfeaux au Bec-mince^ qui vivent d’lnfedtes. L’Eframpe lui donne fa grandeur naturelle, ou, s’il y a quelque difference, I’Oifeau eft pluftot plus grand que la figure, ft contre la coutume des Auteurs, il m’eft permis d’indiquer moi-meme mes propres fautes. II eft- de la Taille du RoJJignol de Mur, Le Bee eft poineftu, mince, d’une longueur raifonnable, 6c d’une couleur fombre. Tout le cote de deflus, la Tete, le Cou, le Dos, les Ailes 6c la Queue, font d’un beau bleu bien nourri, excepte les bouts des plus grands Tuyaux, qui font noirs avec des fommitez brunes : tout le cote de def- fous, depuis le Bee jufqu’aux plumes de couverture fous la Qi^eue, eft d’une cou- leur rougeatre; II eft blanc precifement fous le Bee, ou d’un Roux tres-clair; fur la Poiftrine la couleur fe renforce graduellement jufqu’a celle d’Orange, ou couleur de Rouge-gorge: vers le ventre la couleur s’amortit de nouveau 6c degenere en rouge foible, 6c continue de meme jufqu’aux couvertures de la Queue. Les cuifles font du meme rouge amorti 6c leger. Les Jambes 6c les Piez, qui font de la forme 6c de la po- fition ordinaire, font d’une couleur brune. II a auffi les Ongles de couleur fombre. J’ai eu cet Oifeau de Monf Pierre Colinfon^ qui me dir, je penfe qu’il venoit des IJIes Bermudes. Monf Catesby, dans fon Hijioire de la Caroline^ Vol. I. p. 47. a auffi decrit 6c figure un Oifeau reffemblant a celui-ci, qu’il nomme fimplement VOiJeau-Bleu Mais comme le mien differe en quelque chofe du fien, j’ai cru qu’il r,e feroit pas mauvais de le figurer 6c de le decrire fous le nom que je lui ai donne. La feule difference qu’il y a entre le mien 6c le fien, eft que la couleur rouge, dans le mien, alloit precifement juf- qu’au Bee, 6c que le fien etoit bleu fur le cote de deffous le Cou, depuis le Bee jufqu’a la naiffance de la Poidrine, 6c que par fa propre Defeription le mien femble etre d’un Rouge plus vif fur la Poidlrine. Avec tout cela, je m’imagine que e’eft la meme efpece, ou qu’il y a entr’eux beaucoup d’affinite. Je n’aurois pas prefume de republier quoique ce foit, qui fut diredtement la meme chofe que ce qui auroit deja ete donne par Monf C A T E s B Y, parce que je ne me fens pas capable d’ajouter quelque corredtif a ce qui nous vient de lui. Monf Cafesby a nomme cet Oifeau en Latin, Rubecula Ajnericana \2iRoulfette ou \t Rouge-gorge 61 Amerique nom qui lui convient affez, puifque fon Oifeau 6c le mien font certainement du Genre, dont notre Rouge-gorge eft une efpece. XXV. /. fo that if my Defcriptions are obfcure, I hope the Juftnefs of the Figures will help to clear them. The Head and Body of this Fly is black on the upper Side; the upper Wing mofily black, having two rediih Spots near the Body, then a broad, and after it a narrow brown Mark; toward the Ends are two Eyes of blue, furrounded with Red, and acrofs each End a Mark like Beads of a light brown ; under the greater Eyes of blue, toward the lower Wing, is a Spot of blue ; the lower Wings are blue in the Middle, black at their Roots, bordered with Stripes of black and light brown, having in each Wing two pretty large Eyes, blue in the .Viiddle, red without that, and black Rings without the Red. On the under Side of the Fly the Head is redifh, the Body light brown; the upper Wing barred acrofs with Orange-colour and black, having a pretty large Eye of black, encompafi'ed by Orange ; the under Wing of a dark purplifh Colour, with fipots and tranfverfe Lines of black. This Fly, with many others, were prefented me by Capt. IJaac Worth, now in the India Company’s Service. It came from China. The \ t J • » . . , »: .i" r 1 t :* •' i i •f" '/• ' 1 ij » IflL 1 XXVI Le Petit-Grimpereau, Brm ^ Blanc. J* A I donne a celul-ci le nom de Petit-Grimpereau^ a caufc de la conformite de toutes fes par- ties avec notre Certhia Europienne \ quoi qu’U ne foit pas plus de la moitie dc fa grofleur, & qu’il n*ait pas ces marques & ces belles taches qu’on admire dans notre Grimpereau ; cepen- dant fa couleur en general, fa taUlc & la fafon de fon bee, font les memes. II eft reprefente id de fa grandeur naturclle. Son bee a environ trois quarts de pouee de longueur, d’une epailTeur moyenne a la bafe, courbe en bas, & termine en une pointe aigue, d*un brun obfeur : le Deffus de la Tete, du Cou, du Dos & des Axles, fontd’un Brun tirant fur le Cuivre; tout le Deffous, depuis le Bee jufqu’a la Queue, eft blane. II a une barre d*un Brun obfeur, qui paffe des coins de la Bouche jufqu’aux Yeux. Des cotez de la Mandibule fuperieure, paffent des lignes blanches par deffus les Yeux ; les plumes de Couverture de chaque cote, en dedans de I’Aile font blanches; les plus grandes plumes font d’un brun plus obfeur que tout le refte du corps ; les bords des Axles etant quelque peu plus clairs ; la Queue eft d’un brun obfcur, ou pluftot noire ; les plumes les plus exterieures de chaque cote, ayant des extremitez blanches ; les Jambes, les Piez & les Ongles, Bruns. Cet Oifeau bien conferve dans des Elprits, me fut prete par Monf. le Dr. Cromwell Mortimer, II I’avoit apporte de Hollander ou il avoit appris qu’xl venoit des Indes Orientales. Je le tirai des Efprits pour en faire le Delfein. Le Verre, ou il etoit contenu, etoit intitule d’un nom Hollandois, qui fxgnifie en notre Langue Voleur de Miel. Je fuis comme perfuade que cet Oifeau n’a ete jufqu’ici ni decrit, ni figure. JE ne pretend m’arroger aucune habilete dans la defeription des InfeEies ; ne les ayant en au- cune maniere etudiez. Dailleurs je ne ffai point les Termes par lelquels leurs parties font diftinguees : Mais comme ils ne font point partie de mon Deflein, dans la publication de cet Ouvrage, je les ai ajoutez feulement fur le pie de Decorations, pour remplir quelques elpaces vuides dans les planches ou les Oifeaux etoient petits. De forte que fi mes Deferiptions font ob- feures, j’efpere que la jufteffe des figures aidera a les eclaircir. La Tete & le corps de ce Papil- lon font noirs par deffus ; L’Aile fuperieure generalement noire, ayant deux taches roiigeatres pres du corps, enfuite une grande marque brune, & apres celle-la une autre plus petite, de meme cou- leur: Vers les Extremitez il y a deux Yeux bleus, environnez de rouge, & a travers chaque bout une Marque comme de grains de pcrle, d’un brun clair. Sous les plus grands Yeux bleus, vers I’Aile inferieure, il y a une Tache de bleu ; les Axles de deffous font bleues au milieu, blanches a leur racine, bordees de rayes noires & d’un clair brun, ayant dans chaque Axle deux yeux affez grands, bleus au milieu, rouges en dehors, & des anneaux noirs hors du rouge. Du cote de deffous, la Tete du Papillon eft rougeatre, le corps clair-brun, I’Aile fuperieure barree en travers d’Orange & de Noir, ayant un affez grand oeil auffx de Noir, entoure d’Orange ; L’Aile infe- rieure d’une couleur de violet oblcur, avec des taches & des lignes traverfieres de Noir. Ce Papillon, avec plufxeurs autres, me fut donne par le Capitaine Jfaac Worthy prefentemcnf au fervicc de la Compagnie des Indes : il venoit de la Chine. H 1 XXVII. Le Grand-Martin, ou Hirondelle. CE T Olfeau, par rapport a la Taille, eft aflez femblable a notre commun Martin-Noiry mai$ il me femble qu’il eft deux fois plus gros : la Tete un peu platte & aflez large, le Bee petit, la fente de la bouche enfoncee, & atteignant jufques fous les yeux ; le Cou court, Ie» Alles tort longues, la Queue d’une longueur moderee. L’Eftampe montre cet Oifeau de fa grandeur naturelle, ou pluftot moindre qu’elle n*eft, fi elle differe de la verite, I’Oifeau ayant etc leche avec le corps demeurant dans fa peau. Le Bee eft noir, un peu courbe a la pointe : le deffus de la Tete, le Cou, le Dos, les Ailes & la Queue, font d’un brun temi : cependant le Dos & le Croupion font un peu plus clairs, quoique du meme brun. Les premiers Tuyaux, ou les plus ex- ternes, font d’un brun plus obfeur que les autres parties ; ce qui eft ordmaire a la plulpart dea Oifeaux. L’endedans des Tuyaux & le deflbus de la C^eue font d’un brun plus foible, tirant fur le cendre. Du Bee en bas, la Gorge eft blanche ; fur la partie inferieure du Cou il a unc barre de couleur brune, tachetee de noir, en forme de Collier. La Poidrine & le Ventre font blancs ; les Cuifles, le Bas-ventre & les plumes de couverture, fous la Queue, font d’un brun clair, ou pluftot d’un blanc terni ; les cotez de la Poiftrine & du Ventre, proche des Ailcs, font Mn peu melez de marques brunes ; les bords de quelques-unes des plumes etant bruns. Le* Jambes font couites, & couvertes d’un beau duvet de plumes, d’une couleur daire ; les doigts au sombre de quatre, paroilTent comme pofez tous en devant, d’une couleur noire, comme font aulTi les Ongles. Cet Oifeau approche fi fort du Petit- Martin y ou Martinety nomme commune- ment le Martinet de Rive, que la defeription de I’un peut prefque fervir pour la defoription de Pautre, a la referve que celui-ci eft aulfi grand qu’un Merle, ou bien approchant, & que I’autre n’a guere plus de corps qu’un Roitelet. J’ai eu cet Oifeau de Monf. Catesby, qui m’a fait la grace de me procurer pluficurs Oifeaux tres-curieux & tres-nouveaux, pour en tirer les defifeins. Celui-ci fut tue for les Rochers de Gi- hr altar, par un Frere de Monf. Catesby, qui a fait quelque fejour dans ces quartiers-la. Gibraltar etant fi pres de V Afrique,, il eft probable que les Oifeaux de paflage y peuvent faire le trajet par troupes, non feulement Europe en Barbarie, mais aufli de Barbarie en Europe en certaines fai- fons. Il feroit digne des Obfervations de nos Mellieurs Anglois, qui y refident, de prendre une connoilTance partieuliere du fait, lavoir s’il y a la de tels pajfages d’Oifeaux, & quels font ces Oi- feaux de paflage, & en quelle faifon de I’Annee ils fe retirent du cote du Midy, & en quel terns ils re'viennent vers le Nord ; ce qui pourroit donner quelque lumiere par rapport au pajfage des Oi- feaux, fur lequel il faut avouer que nous fommes encore bien ignorans. 11 eft difficile de penler que des Oifeaux de Terre preferent de grandes Mers a franchir, loifqu’ils font a portee d’un -f* trajet fi court. •f- Note du ’PraduEieur, “ Je puis pourtant averer qu’etant en Efpagnc en 1707, dans le Royaume de Valence, for les cotes de la Mer,. a deux pas de Cafiillon de la Plane, je vis en OEiobre de grandes troupes d’Oi- “ feaux, qui venoient di' Afrique en ligne diredle. On en tua quelques-uns, qui le trouverent etre ** des GriveSy mais fi feches & fi maigres, qu’clies n’avoient ni fubftance, ni gout. Les Habi- “ tans de la C-impagne m’afllirerent, que tous les ans, en pareille faifon, elks venoient par “ troupes chez Eux ; mais que la plus-part alloient encore plus loin. Elies s’engraiflent en Suijfe “ a manger des bales de Genevre, & font delideufes, tout rhyver.” Hieorhin dr jrv( Gz 0 /' ' >■ l\ "I 3/' ( 27 ) The Greatefl Martin or Swift. I S Bird in Shape is like the common Black Martin or Swift', but I believe twice the Bignefs; the Head fomething fiat, and pretty broad, the Bill fmall the Slit of the Mouth deep, reaching under the Eyes ; the Neck (hort, the Wings very long, the Tail of a moderate Length, This Plate fhews the Bird of its natural Bignefs, or rather lefs, if it differs from the Truth, the Bird being dry’d with the Body remain- ing in the Skin ; the Bill is black, a little hooked at the Point; the upper Side of the Head, Neck, Back, Wings, and Tail, are of a dirty brown Colour; the Back and Rump however, are fomething lighter, tho’ of the fame brown Colour ; the outer or firlf Quills are of a darker Brown than the other Parts, which happens in moft Birds; the infide of the Quills, and under-lide of the Tail, are of a fainter Brown inclining to Afh-colour ; from the Bill, downward, the Throat is white ; on the lower Part of thg Neck it hath a Bar of Brown fpotted with Black, in form of a Collar ; the Breaft and Belly are white; the Thighs, lower Belly, and Covert-feathers under the-Tail, are of a light Brown, or rather dirty White ; the Sides of the Breaft and Belly, near the Wings, are mixed a little with brown Marks, the Edges of fome of tfie Feathers being Brown; the Legs are fhort, and cover’d with fine downy Feathers of a light Colour ; the Toes, four in Number, feem’d to ftand all forward, of a black Colour, as are the Claws. This" .Bird fd nearly refembles the Lefer Martin, call’d the Sand ox Bank Martin,\.\i2iX. the Defcription of the one might almoft ferve for the other, fave that this is as large as a Black-Bird, or very near it, and that very little bigger than a Wren. I had this Bird of Mr. Catejby, who has obliged me with many new and curious Birds to draw after. It was fiiot on the Rocks of Gibraltar, by a Brother of Mr. Catejhy's, who redded fbme time there. Gibraltar (o x\02iX'X.o Africa, Ws bable the Birds of Pafiage may pafs in Flocks from Rurope to Barbary, and from thence to Europe at certain Seafons. It would be worthy the Obfervation of Englijh Gentle- men who refide there, to take particular Notice if there be any fuch Paffages there, and what Birds they are that pafs, and at what Seafons they go Southward', and at what Times they return Northward, which might give fome Light to the pafiing of Birds, which at prefent we know very little of. It is hardly to be thought that Land Birds Ihould choofe wide Seas to pafs over, when fo fhort a Cut is to be found. The ( 28 ) The BluE'-throat Redstart. I HIS Bird is bigger than the common Redjlart j it is of the Size here exprelTed ; for Shape, like other fmall Birds of this Kind. I have feen a Drawing of it from Holland or Germany, which was named Blau-keckle, which is Blue-throat, and it being fo near of Kin to the Red-Jiart, 1 have given it the above Name. The Bill is ftraight, moderately long and flender, of a black Colour ; the Upper-fide of the Head, Neck, Back and Wings, is of a dark dirty Brown, the Edges of the Feathers being lighter; above the Eye paffes a Line of dirty Orange-colour ; from the Corner ,of the Mouth under the Eye, paffes another Line of the fame Colour : beneath this paffes a narrow Line of faint Blue ; the Throat, from the Bill downward, is white; on the lower Part of the Neck is a Spot of Blue like a Half-moon, the Corners pointing upwards ; the beginning of the Breaft, for a fmall Space, is of an Orange- colour, narrower in the Middle, reaching a little farther down on the Sides ; the re- mainder of the Breaft, Belly, Thighs, and Covert-feathers under the Tail is white j the two middle Feathers of the Tail are dark Brown, the other Feathers, on each Side, are Orange-colour, with blackifti Tips Half an Inch deep ; the Covert-fea- ,thers, on the upper Side of the Tail, are of a dirty Orange-colour; the Legs, Feet, and Claws, are brown. I had this Bird of Mr. Catejhy ; it was fent from Gibraltar to him. Ibe ■ «: 1 .Y % e ' 1: I i I I li t| f V & ; , ■ > 0 4tt t ■ •■ < XXVIII. Le Rossignol-de-mur, ou Rouge-Queue d Gorge hleu'L CET Oifeau eft plus gros que notre Rouge-queue^ ou RoJJtgnol de Mur ordinaire. II eft de la grofleur exprimee dans la figure, & pour la Taille, elle fe rapporte a celle des petits Oileaux de ce genre, J’cn ai vu un Deftein venu de Hollande ou di Allefnagne^ ou il etoit nomme, Blaw-Kehle^ c eft a dire Bleue-gorgey 6c comme il approche de fort pres du Rojfftgnol de Mur^ je lui en ai donne le nom. Le Bee eft droit, d’une longueur modique, & aflez mince, de couleur noire. Le deftlis de la Tete, du Cou, du Dos & des Ailes, eft d’un brun obfeur ou terni, les bords des Plumes etant plus clairs; au deftus des yeux pafle une ligne de couleur d’Orange terni ; du coin de la Bouebe Ibus foeil, pafte une autre ligne de la meme couleur ; au deflbus de celle-ci pafle une ligne plus deliee de Bleu-foible. La Gorge, du Bee en bas, eft blanche ; fur la partie inferieure du Cou il y a une tache de Bleu,, comme d’une Demi-Lune, les Angles pointez en haut ; le commence- ment de la Poi ) The G REY Redstart. ' H E Figure here gives you the natural Size of' the Bird j it is near the Size and Shape of the common VLedfiart ; the Bill is flender, ftraight, of a moderate Length, and dark brown Colour j the Forehead, for a little Space above the Bill, and the Sides of the Head and Throat are black ; on the fore-ptrt of the Head behind the Black, is a narrow Space of White, which extends itfelf back- ward above the Eyes oi> each Side; the Top of the Head, Neck, Back, Breall and Covert-feathers of the Wings, are of a bluilh Grey or Alh-colour ; the Quill- feathers are a little more inclining to Brown j the outer Webs of the middle- moft Quills are White, except juft at the Tips, which Whiteneft forms a longifli white Spot on the Wing when the Feathers are clofedj the Rump and Covert feathers of the Tail, both above and beneath, are of a bright Orange-colour; the two middle Feathers of the Tail are Brown, the Feathers next them Orange- colour, having fmall brown Tips; the outermoft Feathers on each Side wholly Orange-colour; the lower Belly and Thighs of a white Colour; the Legs, Feet and Claws of a dulky or brownifti Colour. I had this Bird of Mr. Catejby ; it was fent to him from Gibraltar in Old Spain. I believe this Bird hath not yet been figur’d or deferib’d. I ( 50 ) The Cock Cold Finch. This is the Baccajigo or Ficedula Tertia Aldrovand. The Bird is of the Shape and Bignefs of the the uppermoft Figure in the Plate j the Bill is flender, ftraight, and of a black Colour; the Eye is Hazel-colour’d; on the Forehead, a little above the Bill, is a white Spot ; the Crown, Sides of the Head, upper- part of the Neck and Back, are black; the Rump and Coverts ofthe Tail are black and white mixed; the whole under-fide is pure White; the Covert-feathers of the Wings are Brown, as are the outermoft Quills; the inner Quills next the Body, have their exterior Webs White, the interior black ; the Tips of the Covert-feathers next above the Quills, are White; which, together with the White on the Quills, form a large white Spot ; the Edges of the outer Quills are of a lighter Brown than the other Parts of the Feathers; the middle Part of the Tail is black, but the outermoft Feathers on each Side have the outer Shafts White, the next Feathers to them are White only to- ward their Bottoms-; the Legs, Feet, and Claws, are Black*. Th e Hen C o l d Finch. ^"T^HE Bill,, Eyes, Legs,,Feet, and whole under-fide of- the Body,- agree with. that above; the Top of the Head, Neck, Back, Rump, and lefler Coverts of the Wings, are of a dirty greeniftl Bfown ; the greater Quills are Brown ; the lefler, or thofe next the Back, have the outer Webs yellowifli White, the inner Duflcy ; the firft Row of Coverts above the Quills is Black, with white Tips ; which, with the White in the Quills, make a white Spot in the Wing ; the Sides under the Wings, and the Covert-feathers within-flde of the Wings in both Birds are White ; the middle Feathers of the Tail are Dusky; the outer edg’d with White. I take this to be the Hen of the Bird above defcrib’d; iho-Willougkbys Defcription mentions theTefticles, which might proceed from this caufe, that the Cocks and Hens, in fome Birds, in their firft Feathers differ hardly at all ; tho’ when they have moulted, there is a great dif- ference as in thefe, the Head and Back in the one is Black, in the other a brownifh -Green or Olive ; in other things they agree pretty well. I could find no Figures of thefe fcarce Birds, tho’ we have Defcriptions, therefore I thought they might be acceptable to the Curious : They are fomething otherwife defcribed in Willoughby than I have done them ; but I do not choofe to repeat the De- fcriptions of others, (though better than mine) when I have Nature before me. Thefe Birds were lent me by Faylor White^ Efq; who procur’d them from the Peak in Derbyjhire. This laft Bird is defcrib’d in Willoughby^ p. 236. by the Name of Cold Finch i but as his Defcription differs fomething from mine, 1 fufpedl that his was taken from the Cock-Bird, before it had moulted its firft Feathers* Thefe Birds were fhot together. the %v •> XXX. Le Bec-pigue Male. CET Olfeau eft le Beccafigo., ou le Ficedula Fertia d’Aldrovandi. IJ eft de la taille & de k grofleur de la figure fuperieure dans I’Eftampe. Le Bee eft mince, droit & d’une couleur noire j I’Oeil eft de couleur de Noizette. Sur le Devant de la Tete, un peu au delTus du Bee, U y a une tache blanche. La couronne, les cotez de la Tete, le haut du Cou & du Dos, font noirs. Le croupion & les couvertures de la Queue font noirs & blancs, melez. Tout le cote de defibus eft d’un pur blanc ; les plumes de couverture des Ailes font brunes, comme font auffi les Tuyaux les plus externes; les Tuyaux interieurs pres du corps ont leurs barbes exterieures blanches, & leurs barbes interieures noires ; les bords des plumes de couverture precifement au delfus des Tuyaux, font blancs ; ce qui avec le blanc fur les grandes plumes, forme une grande tache blanche; les bords des Tuyaux exterieurs font d’un Brun plus clair que les autres parties des plumes ; le milieu de la Queue eft noir, mais les plumes les plus en dehors de chaque cote, ont leurs barbes exterieures blanches, les autres plumes qui les fuivent font blanches feulement vers le haut: les Jambes, lesPiez & les Ongles, noirs. Le Bec-figue Femelle. Le Bee, les Yeux, les Jambes, les Piez & tout le defibus du corps, fe rapportent au prece- dent: Le haut de la Tete, leCou, le Dos, le Croupion & les moindres couvertures des Ailes, font d’un Brun verdatre temi ; les grands Tuyaux font brims ; les moindres, ou ceux qui font proche du Dos, ont leur barbes externes d’un blanc jaunatre, & les interieures d’un blanc fombre; le premier rang des couvertures au defiiis des Tuyaux eft noir, avec des extremitez blanches, lefquelles, avec le blanc des Tuyaux, font une tache blanche dans I’Aile : les cotez fous les Ailes & les plumes de couverture en dedans des Ailes, dans I’un & dans I’autre Oifeau, font blanches ; les plumes mitoyennes de la Queue font de couleur fombre ; les externes bordees de blanc. Je compte que cet Oifeau eft la Femelle de celui qu’on vient de decrire ci'delTus; quoi- que la Defeription de Willoughby falTe ici mention des Tefticules ; ce qui pent venir de cette caufe, que les Males & les Femelles, en quelques Oifoaux, dans leurs premieres plumes, different a peine en quoique ce foit : quoique quand ils ont mue, il y a une grande difference, comme dans ceux-ci ; la Tete & le Dos, dans I’un, font blancs, & dans I’autre, d’un verd-brun, ou couleur d’ Olive ; mais a I’egard du refte ils conviennent afifez bien. Je n’ai point pu trouver les figures de ces Oifeaux rares, quoique nous en ayons des Deforiptions ; e’eft pourquoi j’ai cru que celles que-je donne ici, ne feroient pas defagreables aux Curieux. Les Oifeaux font decrits dans Willoughby un peu autrement que je n’ai fait : mais je n’aime pas de re- peter les Deforiptions des autres (quoique peutetre meilleures que les miennes) quand j’ai la nature meme devant moi. Ces deux Oifeaux me furent pretez par Monf. T* aylor White, qui les eut de Peak en Derby/lPre. Le fecond eft decrit dans Willoughby, p. 236. fous le nom de Bec-figue ; mais comme la Te- feription dilfere un peu de la mienne, je foupfonne que la fienne fut prife du Male, avant qu’il cut change fes premieres plumes. Ces deux Oifeaux furent tuez d’un feul coup de fufil. f XXXI. Le Cul-Blanc Rouge, ou Roujfeau. CE S Oifeaux paroiflent etre a peu pres de la grofleur du Moineau. Je les ai figurez de leur grandeur naturelle, autant qu’il m’etoit poffible. Le Male, que je fup- pofe etre celui qui a la gorge noire, a un Bee droit, mince, de couleur noire, ou de plomb fonce : Le petit efpace, a la bafe de la Mandibule fuperieure, les Joues, fous les yeux & a la Gorge, depuis la racine du Bee en bas un pouce de long, tout cela eft noir. Tout autour de cet efpace noir, circule une ligne blanchatre, plus large fur le front & par deflus les yeux, plus etroite en bas fur la gorge. Le haut de la Tete, le Cou, le Dos & la Poidtrine, font d’une couleur d’Orange foible & ternie, tiraht fur le Buftle, plus foncee fur le Dos, & plus foible fur la Poiftrine ; le bas du Dos eft tachetc de petites demi-lunes noircs : le Croupion, le bas-ventre, les Cuifles, & les plumes de couverture fous la Queue, font blanches j toute T Aile, noire, ou d’un Brun tres-fombre & tres-obfeur. Les Extremitez & les bords des plumes, juftement au defllis desTuyaux, & de quelques-uns des Tuyaux memes attenant le Dos, font d’un brun un peu clair, Les Jambes, les Piez, les Ongles, noirs, ou d’un brun obfeur. Les plumes du milieu de la Qi^ue font noires ou fombres; les plumes dc cote font blanches avec de petites bordures noires de peu de profondeur. L ’Autre Oifeau, que je crois etre la Femelle de celui que je viens de decrire, a un peu de noir a la racine de la partic fuperieure du Bee, lequel palle des coins du Bee a travers les yeux, & devient raifonnablement grand derriere les yeux ; le Menton, au deffous du Bee, eft blanc ; le corps entier, les Ailes, la Queue & les Jambes, conviennent avec le precedent ; cet Oifeau ayant beaucoup d’affinite avec VOenanthe^ ou le Cul-blancy decrit dans Willoughby y p. 233, je ne fache point de nom plus convenable pour lui, avec la diftindtion que j’y ai jointe. Ces Oifeaux, qui ne fe rapportent a aucunes figures ou Deferiptions de ma connoif- fance, nous font venus de Gibraltar y ou ils furent tuez par une perlbnne qui y refide 6c qui les envoya a Monf. Catesby a LondreSy qui me fit le plaifir de m’en procurer la vue, avee la permifiion d’en tirer les deffeins 6c les Deferiptions. I 3^ ( 51 ) The Red or Russet-^colourd Wheat-Ear, ' H E S E Birds feemed to be about the Bignefs of Sparrows ; I have figured them - of the natural Bignefs as near as I could. The Cock, which I fuppofe to be that with the black Throat, has a ftraight, (lender, black or dark Lead-coloured Bill ; a little Space at the Bafe of the upper Mandible, the Cheeks, under the Eyes and Throat, from the Bill about an Inch downwards, are Black; there palTes round this black Space, a whitifh Line,* broader on the Forehead and above the Eyes, narrower downwards on the Throat; the Top of the Head, Neck, Back and Breaft, are of a dirty faint Orange-colour, inclining to Buff, deeper on the Back, fainter on the Breaft '; the lower Part of the Back is fpotted with femi-lunar Spots of Black, the Rump, lower Part of the Belly, Thighs, and Covert-feathers under the Tail are White ; the whole Wing Black or very dark dufky Brown ; the Tips and Edges of the Feathers next above the Quills, and of fome of the Quills next the Back, are of a lightifh Brown ; the Legs, Feet, and Claws, dark Brown or Black; the middle Feathers of the Tail are black or dufky, the fide Feathers are white with black Tips, of a fmall Depth. , TH E other Bird, which I believe to be the Hen of the above-defcribed, hath. a little Black at the Root of the upper Part of the Bill, which paffes from the Corners of the Bill through the Eyes, and becomes pretty broad behind the Eyes;- the Chin, beneath the Bill, is White ; the whole Body, Wings, Tail, and Legs, agree with the above-defcribed; this Bird being very near of Kin to the Oenanthe- or Wheat-Eary defcribcd in Willoughby y P. 233. . I knew not what Name to giye it better than the above, wdth the Diftinftion joined to it. Thefe Birds, which agree with no Figures or Defcriptions I can find; came from - Gibraltar y where they were (hot by a Gentleman redding there, who fent them to Mr. Catejby in Londoriy who favoured me with a Sight of them, from which I made^- thcfe Draughts and Defcriptions. .. fit ( 52 ) The Long-tail’d Red Huming-Bird. This Bird is one of the largeft of the Kindi have met with, as well as the molt beautiful ; it is here figured of its natural Bignefs : I believe it had loll one of the long Feathers of the Tail, becaufe I never obferved any Bird to have an odd or fingle Feather in its TaU, that had not its like or fellow. The Bill of this Bird U long, llender, and bowed down towards the Point, of a black Colour the Headj and upper Part of the Neck are black, with a Ihining Luftre ; the Throat is .of .the mod: Iplendid Colour one can conceive, being Green Ihining with the Luftre of polilhed Gold j below this Green is a black femi-lunar Line parting it from the Bread:, which is of a Rofe-colour ; the Back and Covert-feathers of the Wings are Red, but more inclining to Orange than the BreaJfl j the Quills and Row of Coverts next above them, are of a dull Purple-colour; the Tail hath two long Feathers in the Middle, of the fame Purple with the Wings ; the Side-feathers of the Tail are redifli Orange like the Back j the lower Part of the Back, Rump, and Coverts of the Tail, are of a fine Green-colour ; the Legs and Feet are Black j it hath very fhort Legs, and four Toes, Handing three forward and one backward, as all of tliis Kind have. The Little Brown Huming-Bird, This is, one of the lead: of the Huming-Bird Kind I have met with, being no bigger than the upper Figure in this Plate reprefents it; the Bill is long, flender, a little bowed or bent downward ; the upper Mandible longer than the nether, of a dark or black Colour ; the lower Mandible is Flefh-colour’d toward the Head, black at the Point; the Top of the Head is dirty Brown, fpottcd with bright Brownj the Throat, Sides of the Head, all round the Neck, Bread: and Belly, are of a bright Bay or dirty Orange Colour ; under the Eye is a ftroke of dark Brown or Black, and fome dark Spots in the Middle of the Bread: ; the Back, and upper Part of the Wings, are of a dirty brown Colour, intermixed with brighter yellowifti Brown ; the Quills and Tail-feathers, (except the middle Fea- thers, which are brown) are of a dirty Purple-colour; the Legs, Feet, and Claws, black. I think this is the only Bird of this Genus that hath no Green nor Ihining Gold- like Luftre mixed in its Feathers. Thefe Birds are prefer ved in the Cabinet of his Grace the Duke of Richmond* They were brought from Surinam. The r'?. . * i I •ii' F i . * •1 " ■ ^,’U/ v“v '•■f ^■'■'^ '*» ♦.' > ‘Vi- ' ,*»f -.'r*' ffl'iii '■'»■' ’V f i *• S . • ^ .. rV; • i >• '♦■■■J V *’• • '-Jr ' •• " '■■ ' ^ V' • .■‘^;l ’4^ '^s' i" ' t fjj !.-v.'^ V’ '• \ '•:. 'Jt- . 4v'’'r?i«i»':4.: ■« b(|i ■•' t*. >u ' '■. ••■'■ i'Aw, •' -'.. f ^ t\S':' m'- :■>■ ■ V • ,T ifS” .■ -.'■ .i- W- .' J r> 4S *M j ' 1 ^ \ r"' ■ . tJ; •'T ’ ' ^•*S*''''--‘ ' *^'V, ; ", t(Su . ‘ *|N '. ‘A >V . ;/ ■ . ■ ■,/^' ■ _ •■• S •% : . : U V ^4- - 'j . t; V-:5,* ) ■ .« V; ■ A *- S’ t- •? •4^ *’'' ■’i /» . ■ 1 >' . ^K-v‘» • . .^«- ‘1, '^.4•^ ' >''tv <*. 4^- •- ^ , ;>>• ’7:'^ • ■ ' -’^ ■: , «'•*, • , ‘-•r - -t .•». ..V ,. g|, .ifc. T- »' 'tc - ***’■ .'•' , • : V. i ;.' . *1 ' .1 Ui ^ i' >^* — '* * . 1 1 . ’ ••* :V- ;,i— ^4,-j -U '.* . -vr )'i{M - ‘ . •‘ ■.{SH.. il. :4i: B XXXII. Le CoLiBRi RougCi d longue-queue. CE T Oifeau eft un des plus gros que j’aie jamais vus de fa forte, comme aufti un des plus beaux. II eft figure id dc fa grandeur naturelle. Je foup^onne qu’il a- voit perdu une des longues plumes de la Q^ue, parce que je n'ai jamais remarque d’ Oifeau, qui n’eut qu’une feuJe plume, finguliere & depariee dans fa Q^ue, ou ordi- nairement chacune trouvc fa pareille. Le Bee de ce Oifeau eft long, mince & courbe en bas vers la pointe, d’une couleur noire : la Tete 8c le haut du Cou font noirs 8c d’un luftre brillant : la Gorge eft de la plus magnifique couleur qu’on puiffe concevoir, etant d’un verd brillant avec un luftre d’Or-poli. Au deflbus de ce verd, il y a une ligne noire, en forme de Croiflfant, qui le fepare de la Poidrine, qui eft de couleur de Rofe : Le Dos 8c les couvertures de Ailes, font rouges, mais tirant plus fur I’Orange que la Poictrine : Les Tuyaux 8c le rang des couvertures juftement au deftlis, font d’un violet fombre. La Queue a deux longues plumes au milieu, du meme violet que les Ailes j les plumes de cote, dans la Queue, font d’un Orange rougeatre, comme le Dos. Le bas du Dos, le Croupion, 8c les couvertures de la Qi^ue, font d’un beau verd : les Jambes 8c les Piez font noirs ; il a les jambes tres-courtes, 8c quatre doigts, dont trois fe prefentent fur le devant 8c I’autre derriere, comme dans tons les autres de ce genre. Le Petit - C o l i b r i Brun, CElui-ci eft un des plus petits du genre Colibri^ que j’aie jamais vus, n’etant pas plus gros que le reprefente la figure fuperieure a cote. Le Bee eft long, mince, un peu courbe ou tendant en bas j la Mandibule fuperieure plus longue que la Bafte, d’une cou- leur obfeure ou noire; la Mandibule inferieure eft de couleur de chair vers la Tete, noire vers la pointe: le haut de la Tete eft d’un Brun terni, tachetc d’un brun plus lui- fant. La Gorge, les cotez de la Tete, tout le tour du Cou, la Poidtrine 8c le Ventre, font d’un Bay clair, ou d’un Orange terni. Sous I’Oeil il y a un coup d’un Brun obfeur, ou Noir, 8c quelques taches fombres au milieu de la Poidtrine : Le Dos 8c la partie fu- perieure des Ailes, font d’un Brun terni, entremele d’un Brun luifant 8c jaunatre. Les grandes plumes 8c les plumes de la Queue; (excepte celles du milieu qui font brunes) font d’un violet-terni : les Jambes, les Piez, & les Ongles, noirs. Je m’imagine que e’eft ici le foul Oifeau de fon genre, qui n’ait point ce beau verd, ni ce luftre brillant 8c comme dore, entremele dans fes plumes. Ces deux Oifoaux font conforvez dans le Cabinet de Mylord Due de R i c h m o n d, Ils viennent de Surinam, I XXXIII. Le Colibri-Verd d Longue-queu'e. La Figure de cet Oifeau ed: de fa grandeur naturelle : il a une Q^ue tres-longue 6c tres-large, a proportion du corps, les Plumes etant tres-fermes 6c roides, 6c qu’on ne peut mettre en defordre fi aifement que d’autres. Le Bee eft mince, droit, raifonnablement long, 6c d’une couleur noire. Le haut de la Tete eft bleu, car autre- ment I’Oifeau, dans fa plus grande partie, eft verd. Les grandes plumes font d’un vio- let terni, excepte trois qui font vertes pres du corps : Les couvertures des Ailes font aufti vertesj le bas-ventre & les couvertures fous la Q^eue, font blanches, les Cuiffes de couleur fombre ; les plumes de la Queue font de la plus eclattante beaute qu’on puifle concevoir, paroiftant quelque-fois d’un bleu luifant, & en confequence d’un petit tour le changeant en une couleur verdatre, 6c enfuite en une couleur melee d’un eclat d’Or brillant. Les Plumes, par tout le corps, ont quelque chofe d’un certain luftre dore ; mais rien en comparaifon de la beaute de la Q^ue : les Jambes, les Piez 6c les Ongles font noirs. Cet Oifeau fut apporte de la Jamdique par le Capitaine Chandler de Stepney, de qui je me fuis procure la permiftion d’en tirer le deftein. Le deftus du Papillon eft noir, ayant fur les Ailes fuperieures deux taches blanches dans chacune : les Ailes inferieurcs ont chacune une grande tache blanche 6c une pe- tite tache ronde de couleur rouge, outre de petites marques d’un blanc foible entre les dentelures des Ailes. Le deffous du corps eft blanc j les Ailes inferieures ont cha- cune une grande tache blanche, de figure prefque ronde, bordee de rouge fur les cotez de deftus ; les extremitez des Ailes d’une couleur ternie, tachetees de violet. En dedans de ces taches pourprines il y a une Barre de noir, avec une rangee de taches d’Ecarlate fur la barre meme : les Ailes fuperieures ont trois taches blanches ; celle qui eft la plus proche du Corps, bordee d’une barre de rouge recourbee^ les Efpaces entre les taches blanches, noirs; I’extremite de I’Aile un peu fombre, avec des taches de violet, 6c en de- dans des taches d’Ecarlate fur le noir. J’appris de Monf Guillaume Goupey, qui me preta ce Papillon, qu’il venoit des Indes Orientales ; mais il ne f9ut pas me dire de quel endroit en particulier. ( 55 ) The Long-t ail'd Green Huming Bird, The Figure of this Bird is of the natural Bignefs ; it hath a very long and broad Tail, in proportion to the Body, the Feathers being very firm and ftiff, not eafily put in Diforder; the Bill is flender, ftraight, pretty long, and of a black Co- lour; the Crown of the Head is Blue, or elfe the Bird is moflly Green; the Quills are of a dirty purplifh Colour, except three Green ones next the Body ; the Coverts of the Wings are Green; the lower Belly, and Coverts under the Tail, are White, the Thighs duiky; the Tail-feathers are of the moll Ihining Beauty that can be imagined, appearing fometimes of a Ihining Blue-colour, and upon a little turn will change Greenilh, then again into a colour mixed with a bright golden Splendor; the Feathers, all over the Body, have fomething of a Ihining golden Lullre, but nothing in comparifon with the Beauty of the Tail; the Legs, Feet, and Claws, are black. Th is Bird was brought from Jamaica by Capt. Chandler at Stepney, of whom I procured leave to take a Drawing of it. Th E upper Side of this Butter-Fly is black, having in the upper Wings two white Spots in each; the lower Wings have each one large white Spot, and a fmall round red fpot, befides little faint white Marks between the Scolops of the Wings; the under fide of the Body is white ; the lower Wings have each a large roundilh white Spot, bordered on the upper Sides with Red ; the Extremes of the Wings of a dirty Colour, fpotted with Purple; within thefe purple Spots is a Bar of Black, with a Row of fcarlet Spots in it ; ,the upper Wings have three white Spots, that nearefi: the Body bordered with a bent Bar of Red, the Spaces between the white Spots, Black, the Extremity of the Wing dulky, with purple Spots, and within them fcarlet Spots on Black. I was told by Mr. William Goupey, who lent me this Fly, that it came from the Eajl Indies ; but he could not tell from what particular Part. K The ( 54 ) The Lon c-t ail’d BlacK'-cap Huming Bird. This Bird is engraved of Its natural bignefs; it hath a longer Tail than the laft defcribed; the two long Feathers being of a loofe, foft Texture, eafily ruffled and flowing with the leafl Breath of Air ^ what is remarkable in the Tail is, that thefe two fine Feathers are the outermofl: but one on each Side, having a lefler fliffFeather under them, as well as above, the better to fupport them, which is Angular. So far as my Obfervation reaches, all Birds, whofe Tail-feathers differ in Length, have either the two middlemoft or the two outermofl: the longefl, as in the Swallow and Magpyei the Bill is thicker at the Bafis than in mofl of this Kind, pretty long, ending in a Point, a little bowed downward, of a .yellow Colour, with a black Pointy the Crown of the Head, and beginning of the Neck behind, is of a black Colour, with fomething of a bluifli Glofs ; the Throat, Breafl, and Belly, are covered with Green Feathers, inclining to Blue, of a firm Subflance, lying clofe and regular like the Scales of Fifties, and of fo fine a Surface, that they reflect the Light as doth burniftied Gold j the feathers on the Back are of a loofer Make, of a yellower Green, not having the bright Luftre of the Breafl ; the Wings are of a brownilh Purple, having, in fome Lights, a brighter bluifh purple Caflj the Ridge of the Wing from the Shoulder, a good way down, is white; the Tail is black or duflcy, the Feathers increafing in Length from the mid- dlemofl to the outermofl fave one, which is about five Times longer than any of the refl ; the Legs, Feet, and Claws, are black. Mr. P. Colinfon obliged me with a Sight of this Bird. I faw another that came with it, in the Repofitory of the Royal Society y which differed only a little in fizefrom this. They-were brought from Jamaica. I never could find above ten F.eathers in the Tail of any Bird of this Genus. The dufky and yellow Swallow-tail’d Butte r-F l y. ^ I ^ HIS Fly was given me by Dr. R. M. Majfeyy who told me he had it from Maryland. The Ground of the Body and Wings are of a dirty dark Brown, barred and fpocted (as the Print will dire 1 0':' t ■ t* ‘ ^ V, t**. .’1 ?»» - -“ r**’ ./♦■ r 1 > I* A « - -** XXXIV. Le CoLiBRi d Tete-nolre ^ longue-'^ueue. CE T Olfeau eft grave de fa grofteur naturclle ; il a la Queue, plus longue que le precedent : les deux longues plumes etant d’iine texture libre 6c douce, qu’on peut defaire aifement, 6c ft legeres, qu’elles coulent a la moindre agitation de fair. Ce qu’il y a de remarquable dans la Queue, eft que ces deux belles plumes font les plus ex- ternes, excepte une de chaque cote, ayant fous elles une plume plus courte, mais plus terme, aufti bien qu’une autre par defllis, pour leur fervir comme de foutienj ce qui eft fingulier. Autant que mes obfervations peuvent s’etendre, tous les Oifeaux dont les Plumes de la Queue different en longueur, ont, ou les deux les plus mitoyennes, ou les deux les plus externes, les plus longues, comme dans V Hirondelle 6c dans la Pie ; le Bee eft plus epais a la bafe que dans la plus-part de ce genre, affez long, finiffant en pointe, un peu courbe en bas, de couleur jaune, avec une pointe noire : la couronne de la Tetc 6c le commencement du Cou par derriere, eft de couleur noire, avec quelque chofe d'un luftre bluatre : La Gorge, la Poidtrine 6c le Ventre, font couverts de plumes vertes, tirant fur le Bleu, d’une fubftance ferme, couchees ferre 6c regulieres comme des Ecailles de poiffon, 6c d’une fuperficie ft belle, qu’elles reflechiffent la lumiere comme fait I’Or bruni : les Plumes du Dos font d’une texture plus libre, d’un Verd plus jaunatre, n’ayant point le luftre eclattant de la Poidlrine : les Ailes font d’un Violet brunatre, ayant, dans certains jours, un coup d’Oeil de Violet bluatre fort brillant ; le bord de I'Aile, de I’Epaule en bas un bon bout d’efpace, eftblanc: La Queue eft noire, ou fombre, les Ailes croiffant en longueur des plus mitoyennes jufqu’aux plus externes, ex- cepte une, qui eft cinq fois plus longue qu’aucune des autres : les Jambes, les Piez 6c les Ongles, font noirs. Monf. Pierre Colinfon me procura la vue de cet Qifeau. J’en ai vu un autre, (venu avec lui) dans le Repofitoire de la Societe Royale, qui n’en differoit que tres-peu 6c feulement par rapport a la groffeur. Ils ont ete apportez de I’lfle de la Jamdiqiie. Jc n’ai jamais pu trouver que dix plumes dans la Queue d’aucun Oifeau de ce genre. Le P A p I L L o N jaune fombre^ d la queue L Hirondel/e. CE Papillon me fut donne par Monf. le Dr. Majfey, qui me dit I’avoir re9u de Mary- land. Le Fond du Corps 6c des Ailes eft d’un Brun obfeur 6c terni, barre 6c tache (comme I’Eftampe le montre mieux qu’aucune defeription) de jaune, ou pluftot de cou- leur de fouphre. Toutes les Taches oc les Marques du Papillon entier etant jaunatres, excepte deux taches en demi-lunes, les plus proches de la pointe de la Queue, qui font d’un Rouge vif. <1^ K XXXV Le CoLiBRi au Ventre-hlanc. CE T Olfeau, 8c celui qui eft d^crit ci-deflbus, font figurez dans I’Eftampe dc leur grandeur naturelle ; le Bee eft aftez long, droit 8c mince, les Pointes de la haute & de la bade Mandibule un peu courbees I’une vers I’autre, d’une couleur noire : Toute la Tete 8c le Cou, au defllis 8c au deflbus, d’un beau bleu ; le Dos, le Croupion 8c les petites couvertures des Ailes d’un beau verd : Au bout du Cou par derriere, il y a une marque blanche, en forme de Croiflant, les Angles vifant en haut. Le Ventre eft blanc; les Ailes font de couleur de cuivre, tirant fur le violet. Les plumes mitoyennes de la Queue font vertes, les plumes de cote, blanches 8c un peu plus longues que les plumes du milieu. Les Jambes 8c les Piez d’une couleur oblcure 8c noiratre. Les cou- leurs, dans cet Oifeau, comme dans la plus-part de fon Genre, paroiflent etre melees avec de beaux fils d’Orj ce qui fait paroitre I’Oifeau tres-magnifique, des qu’il eft ex- pofe aux rayons du Soleil. Le C o L I B R I Bleu V ^rd» CE T Oileau ayant ete apporte des Indes avec le precedent, 8c convenant entr’eux pour ki taille, la grofleur, la forme du Bee 8c des Piez, j’ai conjedure qu’ils pou- voient etre Male 8c Femelle : mais je lailTe cela a la ddermination des Curieux 8c aux ddou vertes futures. Le Bee eft tout a fait pareil a celui qu’on vient de ddrire j toute la Tde 8c le Cou, verdsj la Poidrine 8c le haut du Dos, bleu; les Culftes 8c le bas- ventre, d’un brun terni : les petites couvertures des Ailes, le bas du Dos 8c le Croupion, verds; mais le Croupion eft d’un coup d’Oeil d’Aurore, brillant d’un luftre d’Or, comme font aufii les couleurs de b Gorge 8c de la Poidrine. Les Tuyaux 8c la premiere rangee des couvertures font d’une couleur de Cuivre terni, tirant un peu fur le Violet ; la Queue de la meme couleur de Violet ; les Jambes 8c les Piez, noirs, Ces deux Oifeaux font venus enfemble de Surinam^ 8c font tous deux confervez dans le Cabinet de My lord Due de Richmond. Le Papillon Brun Tachete de la Chine. L’Eftampe nous montre toutes fes dimenfions. Les Ailes fuperieures font d’un Brun obfeur, barre 8c tache de blanc, les bords extremes, tant de I’Aile fupdieure que de I’inferieure, font blancs ; les Ailes de deftbus font blanches, excepte une bordure brune attenant les bords extremes, fimple en dehors, 8c dentelee en dedans. Le corps etl blanc avec des taches noires : la Tete eft de couleur d’Orange, comme aufii la Queue pour les trois jointures ou Anneaux qui la terminent. ( 35 ) The Whi tE'-Belly’d Huming Bird, This Bird, and the Bird defcribed under it, are figured in the Plate, of their na- tural Bignefs ; the Bill is pretty long, flraight, and (lender, the Points of the upper and lower Mandibles a little bending towards each ocher, of a black Colour; the whole Head and Necki above and beneath, of a fine Blue ; the Back, Rump, and lelTer Covert-feathers of tlie Wings of a fine Green ; at the bottom of the Neck be- hind, is a white Mark, in the form of a Crefeent, the Horns pointing upwards ; the Belly is white; the Wings are Copper-colour, inclining to Purple ; the middle Feathers of the Tail are Green, the fide Feathers White, and fomething longer than the middle Feathers ; the Legs and Feet of a dark or blackilh Colour ; the Colours in this Bird, as in moft of this Kind, feem to be mixed with fine golden Threads, which make the whole Bird appear very fplendid, when expofed to the Sun-beams. The Green and Blue Huming Bird« AS this Bird was brought over with the other, and they agreeing in Shape, Size, Form of the Bill and Feet, I have conjectured they may be Male and Female; but I leave that to the Determination of the Curious, or ftiture Difeovery ; the Billis altogether like that above defcribed ; the whole head and Neck Green ; the Bread and upper Part of the Back, Blue; the Thighs and lower Belly of a dirty brown Colour; the lefier Covert-feathers of the Wings, the lower part of the Back and Rump Green ; but the Rump is of an orient Caft, (Lining with a golden Glofs, as do the Colours on the Throat and Bread; the Quills and fird Row of Coverts, are of a dirty Copper- colour, a little inclining to Purple, the Tail of the fame purpli(h Co- lour, the Legs and Feet, Black. Thefe Birds came together from Surinam^ and are both preferved in the Cabinet of his Grace the Duke of Richmond. The Brown and White-fpotted Butter-Fly from China TH E Print (hews its full Magnitude ; the upper Wings are dark Brown, dreaked and fpotted with White ; the extreme Borders, both of the upper and under Wings, are White ; the under Wings are White, except a Border of Brown near their extreme Edges, plain outwards, and indented inwards; the Body is White, with black Spots; the Head is Orange-colour, as is the Tail for three Joints or Rings from the Tip. The XXXVI. Le CoLiBRi Verdj m Ventre-noir. CE S Oifeaux font figurez de leur grandeur naturelle ; ils font de la grande forte de Colihris. Le Bee, dans Tun & dans I’autre, eft long, mince & un peu courbe en bas, d’une pointe peu aigue, d’une couleur noire : La Tete, le Cou, le Dos & les petites-couvertures des Alles, dans I’Oifeau fuperieur, font d’un verd bluatrej les plumes de I’Epaule, ou celles qui font entre le Dos & les Ailes, ont quelque chofe de rouge, mele avec le Verd ; la Poidrinc & les coLivertures de la Queue, tant defllis que deflbus, font bleues : le Milieu du corps eft noir, laquelle partie eft couverte de I’Aile dans I’attitude qu’il a ete defline ; derriere la partie noire du Ventre, il y a une marque blanche a travers le Soupirail (I’Anus.) Les grandes plumes & la rangee des couvertures precifement au deflus, font d’unc couleur de Violet terni, dans les deux Oifeaux, comme dans la plus-part de ce genre. La Queue, dans I’un & dans I’autre, eft noire par en haut & bleue par en bas : les Jambes & les Piez de meme, dans tous les deux, font noirs. Le fecond Oifeau, que je compte pour la Femelle du precedent, diffde de I’autre, pour la couleur du Verd, fur la Tete, le Cou, les couvertures de I’Aile, qui font d’un Verd plus jaunkre*, le haut de la Tete, le haut du Cou & du Dos, etant entremeles d’une couleur rouge ; il lui manque la barre blanche a travers le Bas-ventre & le foupirail ; a I’egard du refte,, la defeription ci-defllis pourra lliffire. Le premier de ces Oifeaux me fut prete par Monf J agues Theobald, & le fecond par Monf. Taylor White. De favoir m ain tenant de quel endroit particulier ils venoient, e’eft ce que je ne pus apprendre ; mais nous favons d’ailleurs, qu’il n’y a que V ylmerigue qui produile ces fortes d’Oifeaux, principalement entre les deux Tropiques, etant fort rare de les rencontrer au dela ; & jamais durant I’hyver. Il n’en eft pas de meme fous I’Equateur, ou approchant, 41s y paffent toute I’annee, a ce qu’on m’a alfure. CETTE Gigale eft jaune, tachetee de Blanc r les Yeux font rougeatres ; les Ailes font tranlpa- rentes *, les grandes Ailes un peu epaifles du cote ou elles font inferees, & d’une cou- leur plus brune ; lefquelles parties font diftinguees par des haehures de travers entre les Veincs des Ailes ; il y a deux taches obfeures au bout de ^acune des grandes Ailes ; les petites Ailes font d’un clair egal fans taches. Ce Papillon eft venu d'Amboine,. & me flit prete par Monf. Dandridge. Je n’ai pas befoin de faire mention de la grandeur des Infeftes que j’ai figurez. dans ce livre j parce qu’on les y trouvera tous dans leur grandeur naturelle. XXXVIL Z^’CoLIBRI HnpL E T Olfeau, avec fon Nid, eft reprefente de fa grandeur naturelle. Le Bee eft mince, algu par la pointe, mais pas fi long que dans la plufpart des Oifeaux de fon genre, de couleur noire, & tres-peu courbe en bas. Le haut de la Tete, depuis le Bee julqu’au derriere de la Tete, qui fe termine en une Hupe, eft d’abord vert, & fur le derriere, bleu fonce ; ces deux couleurs brillent avec un luftre qui furpalTe de beaucoup les Metaux les plus polls & les plus eclattans ; fur-tout la partie verte, qui eft la plus claire en certains jours, fe change de Verd en couleur d’Or d’une fi grande beaute, qu’on ne fauroit I’exprimer par des couleurs, ni meme la concevoir dans I’abfence de I’Objet. Les plumes de la partie fuperieure du corps & des Ailes, font d’un verd fonce, entremele de couleur d’Or. Precifement au delfous du Bee il y a une Tache d’un Blanc terni. La Poidtrine & le Ventre font d’une couleur Grisatre, ou melee de Gris fombre & terni : les grandes Plumes font de couleur de pourpre, la Queue eft d’un noir Bluatre, im peu luftre par deftlis, mais le delfous encore plus brillant que le delfus ; ce qui n’eft pas ordi- naire. Les Jambes & les Piez font tres-petits & noirs. Le Nid eft compofe d’une fubftance de Cotton, ou de foye, tres-bellfe & tres-douce ; Je ne faurois dire precifement ce que e’eft; e’eft un compofe de deux fortes de matieres, I’une rouge, & I’autre d’un Blanc jaunkre. II eft comme appuye entre deux petites branches, ainfi qu’il eft exprime dans la Figure. Les jeunes feuilles & les commencemens du fruit etoient encore fur la Branche, qui etant comparee avec la defeription, paroit etre le Sweet Sop-tree^ Le doux PoTACE.Rdc Monf. le Chevalier Sloane, dans fon Hijloire Naturelle de la Jamdiqtie^ Vol. II. p. i68. lab. 227. Le Fruit, quand il eft mur, eft de la grofteur d’un Oeuf de Coeq-d' Inde. CE S deux Papillons., que je compte pour MMe & Femelle, nous font venus de la Chine. Le Corps, dans I’un & dans I’autre, eft brun. Les Ailes, dans le premier, font bordees tout autour de noir : les Ailes fuperieures ont chacune une grande tache irreguliere, de couleur- d’Orange, &: quelque peu de petites a leurs extremitez : Les Ailes inferieures ont aufli une alfez grande tache de couleur d’Orange, dans chaque Aile, & pres du corps,' .une grande tache de Bleu, entcuree de noir, qui paroit couverte en partie par les Ailes fuperieures. Outre celles-ci, il y a encore deux taches, ou demi-lunes, & quelques Marques ternies de couleur d’Orange, dans le Noir, tout autour de leurs bords. Dans le fecond Papillon, les Ailes font bordees d^e Brun terni, ou noir les parties du Milieu, tant des Ailes fuperieures que dcs inferieures, font d’un Orange foible ; il y a des taches bleues, environnees de noir, pres du Corps, dans les Ailes infe- neures: dans chaque Aile, tant fuperieure qu’inferieure, il y a deux Teux, dont les Milieux font bleus, entourez de Noir : les trois petites barres traverfieres, qui bordent fur la partie exterieure des Ailes extetnes, font tres-noires ; les Ailes inferieures font bordees de deux rangs de dentelures bruncs. 3, ( 57 ) The Crested Huming Bird. Bird, with its Neft, is reprefented of its natural Bignefs ; the Bill is Bender, . fharp-pointed, and not fo long as in moft of this Kind, of a black Colour, and very little bowed downward; the Top of the Head, from the Bill to the hinder Part, which ends in a CreB:, is BrB; Green, and toward the hinder Part, dark blue; both thefe Colours ITiine with a Luftre far exceeding the brighteft polilh’d Metals, the green Part efpecially, which is the lighted: in fome Lights, changes from Green to Gold-colour, fo beautiful as not to be exprcfled by Colours, or hardly conceived in the Abfeuce of the Objedt; the Feathers of the upper Part of the Body and Wings are dark Green, intermixed with Gold-colour; juft beneath the Bill is a Spot of dirty White; the Breaft and Belly are of a dark, dirty, grilled or mixed Gray-colour ; the Quills are of a Purple-colour, the Tail is of a bluifli black, fomething glofly on the upper Side, the under Side more glofly than the upper, which is not common; the Legs and Feet are very fmall and black of Colour. The neft is compofed of a very fine foft cotton or filky Subftance, I could not tell which ; there is in it a Mixture of two Sorts, the one Red, the other of a yellowilh White ; it is hung between two little Twigs, as ex- prefs’d. The young Leaves and Rudiments of the Fruit were on the Branch, which by Comparifon with the Defcription, feems to be tht Sweet Sop-tree. s Natural Hijiory The Go WRY Bird. HIS Bird is of the Groos-beck or Finch Kind, of the Size here reprefented. Albin has figur’d a Bird fomething like this, and makes it the Hen of another Bird he has placed it with; he calls it a Chinefe Sparrow in his Hijiory of Birdst Vol. 2.^ Tab. 53. I do not think it the Hen of the Bird he has figur’d with it. I have feen fe.vxral of thefe Birds at Dr. Monro\y and at other Gentlemen’s Houfes, and I find they vary pretty much, as do the little Indian Birds called Antadebats : So that every Bird would require a feparate Defcription. The Bird here under defcribed, was one of the fineft I have met with j the Bill is of the Shape and Bignefs of our Green-FincJd& Bill, of a Lead-colour, yet the Bird exceedeth not Half the Size oT the Green-Finch ; the Eyes are of a dark Hazel-colour ; the Head, Neck, begin- ning of the Bread:, Back, Wings and Tail, are of a dark redifli Brown ; the fore Part of the Neck hath fomething of a purplifh Gaft, the greater Quills are' of a dirtier Brown than the reft of the Wing, the Rump is of a lighter greenhh Brown j the Breaft, quite acrofs, and the Belly on the Sides, is black, thickly fprinkled with fmall round white Spots, of the Size of Rape-feed, fome a little bigger,, others a little lefs y the Middle of the Belly, Thighs, lower Belly, and Covert- feathers under the Tail, are light Brown, or dirty White the Legs and Feet are of a bluifh or Lead-colour, lhaped as in other fmall Birds. Charles du Boisy Efq; Treafurer to the India Company, invited me to his Houfe to draw this Bird. He told me it came from the Fdift Indiesy and was called a Gowry' Qv Coury Birdy they being fold for a fmall Shell a- piece, called a Gowry ; fo that I believe it doth not come from Chinay Gowrys not pafling there as Money. '"T^HE Beetle is of its natural Size, and all over of a bright ftiining brownifti Black ; it came from the Eaji Indies, and was given me by my good Friend Mr. Pope of Ratclif, a Gentleman well known for many curious and ufeful Inven- tions, particularly for Marbling Paper with a Margent, to prevent Frauds in the Publick Offices ; for the foie doing of which, his Majefty has given him Licence under his Broad Seal. I am obliged to this Gentleman for many curious Things. Tht I ’ I ■V X ‘ ^ i , 7 m ' i \ j' i I I f i I r' f [ f i i f I ' j I f A XL. Le Moineau appelle Coury. CE T Olfeau eft du genre Gros-bec^ on Tinfon^ & de la taille ici reprefentee. Jilbin nous a donne la figure d’unOifeau un peu reftemblant a celui-ci, & il en fait la Femelle d’un autre Oifeaii avec leqiiel il I’a place. II le nomme le Moineau de la Chine dans fon Hijloire des Oifeaux, Vol. II. Tab. 53. Je ne croi pas que ce foit la femelle de I’Oifeau qu’il a figure dans la meme planche. J’ai vu divers de ces Oifeaux chez Monf. le Dr. Monroe, & chez d’autres Perfonnes, & je trouve qu’ils varient beau- coup, commc font les petits-Oifeaux des hides, qu’on nomme Amadebates : Tellement que chaque Oifeau demande une Defcription a part. L’Oifeau que je vais decrire, etoit un des plus beaux que j’aye jamais vus : Le Bee eft de la Taille 5c de la grofleur du Bee de notre Piverd, de couleur de plomb, 5c cependant I’Oifeau entier n’excede pas la moitie de la grandeur du Piverd : Les Yeux font d’une couleur de noifette obfeure : La Tete, le Cou, le haut de la Poidtrine, le Dos, les Ailes 5c la Queue, font d’un brun rougeatre 5c obfeur; le devant du Cou a quelque chofe d’un coup d’Oeil de pourprej les grandes plumes font d’un brun plus terni que le refte de I’Aile j le Croupion eft d’un bran verdatre plus clair j la Poidtrine, tout 4 fait en plein 5c a travers 5c le ventre fur les Cotez, font noirs, afpergez largement de petites taches blanches 5c rondes, de la grofieur d’une graine de Navette, quelques-unes plus grofles, 5c d’autres un peu moindresj le Milieu du Ventre, les CuilTes, le bas-ventre, & les plumes de couverture fous la Q^ue, font d’un brun clair, ou d’un Blanc terni : les Jambes 5c les Piez font d’une couleur bluatre ou de plomb, taillez comme dans les autres petits Oifeaux. Monf. Charles du Bois, Trefoider de la Compagnie des hides, m’invita un jour chez lui pour defiiner cet Oifeau. Il me dit qu’il venoit des Indes Orientates, 5c qu’on I’y nommoit, Gowry, ou Coury-Bird, Oifeau fun Coury, n’y etant vendus la piece qu’un fimple Gowry, forte de Coquille qui pafle pour Monoye parmi Eux. Si bien que je ne croi pas qu’il vienne de la Chine, ou cette efpece de Monoye n’a pas de cours. L^Efcarbot eft ici de fa grofleur naturelle, 5c par-tout d’un Noir-brun fort eclattant. Il venoit des Indes Orientates, 5c il me fut donne par mon bon Ami Monf. Pope, de Ratcliff, qui eft une perfonne fort connue pour plufieurs inventions curieufes 5c utiles, 5c en particulier pour marbrer le papier en marge, 5c prevenir les fraudes dans les offices publics, pour la failure duquel a lui feul refervee, fa Majefte lui a accorde une Licence fous le grand feeau. Je dois ajouter ici que je lui ai I’obligation de plufieurs curiofltez. XLI. Le G R o s-B E c de la Chine, ou /’Oifeau de Riz appelle P a d d A. CE T Oifeau eft figure de fa grandeur naturelle, il eft a peu pres de la Taille d’un Piverdy ou pluftot plus gros : il a un Bee fort epais par rapport a la grofteur de rOifeau : ce Bee finit en Pointe, & eft d’un tres-beau rouge, tant defiTus que deflbus, dans fa partie la plus epaifle vers la Tete. La Pointe, pour peu d’efpaee, eft blanehe : L’Oeil eft d’une eouleur obfeure; les Paupieres, ou le bord de la peau autour de I’Oeil, eft d’un rouge vif; la Tete eft noire, exeepte une taehe blanehe fur ehaque joue, de la figure d’une Feve j le Cou, la Poieftrine, le Dos 6c les plumes-de-eouverture des Ailes, font d’un beau eendre, tirant fur le Bleu; le Croupion, d’un eendre plus elair que le Dos; la eouleur eendree fe ehange infenfiblement, vers le ventre, en une eouleur de Rofe, ou de fleur fanee. Par dela eette eouleur, le bas-ventre & les eouvertures fous la Queue, font d’un Blane terni ; les grandes plumes 6c toute la Q^eue, font de eouleur noire; les Jambes 6c les Piez, d’un Rouge foible; les Ongles, d’un Blane terni. Qipique eet Oifeau n’ait en foi qu’un eoloris peu gay, il eft eependant d’une grande beaute, les Plumes par tout le eorps, exeepte les Ailes, paroiftent avoir en elles une eertaine fleur douee & belle eomme eelle des eorps po- telez, 6c tomber I’une fur I’autre avee tant d’ordre, qu’on n’en pent diftinguer au- eune, 6c que le tout paroit d’une furfaee tendre 6c unie. J’ai vu un de ees Oi- feaux vivant ehez Monf. le Chevalier Hans Shane. Ils viennent de la Chine. Comme on trouve iei des Figures jointes a toutes ees deferiptions, ou Ton a pris grand foin d’ exprimer au jufte les parties extremes, eomme les Bees, les Piez, 6c d’autres, qui diftinguent le Genre ou I’efpece des differens Oifeaux, je n’ai pas trouve a propos de fatiguer mon Ledteur de longues 6c d’embarrallantes deferiptions de ees parties, puifqu’il ne tient qu’a lui, en jettant les yeux fur la figure, de s’en impri- mer dans les fens une idee bien plus parfaite, que ne pourroit la donner la dc- feription la plus laborieufe 6c la plus jufte par de fimples paroles. 41 ( 4* ) The Cock P A D D A or R i g E - B r r D. TH I S Bird is figured of its natural Bignefs ; it is about the Size of a Green-Finch, or rather bigger j it hath a very thick Bill for the bignefs of the Bird, ending in a Point, of a fine red. Colour above and beneath in the thick Part toward the Head, the Point for a little Space is White; the Eye is of a dark Colour; the Eyelids or Border of Skin round the Eye is of a bright Red ; the Head is Black, except a white Spot on each Cheek, of the Shape of a Kidney-bean ; the Neck, Bread:, Back, and Covert-feathers of the Wings are of a fine bluilh Alh'-colour, the Rump of a lighter Afh-colour than the Back; the Afli-colour on the Breaft changes gradually toward the Belly, into a faint Rofe or Bloflbm-colour ; - beyond this Colour the lower Belly, and Covert-feathers under the Tail, are dirty White; the greater Quill -feathers, and the whole Tail, are of a black Colour; the Legs and Feet of a faint Red, the Claws of a dirty White-colour. Tho’ this Bird has but little gay Co- louring in it, yet is it a Bird of much Beauty, the Feathers all over, except the Wings, appear to have a fine foft Bloom on them, like that on Plumbs, and fall on one ano- ther in fuch Order that no Feather can be diftinguifhed, but the whole appears with a Surface fmooth and even. I faw one of thefe Birds alive at Sir Hans Sloane’s ; They came from China, As there are Figures join’d with all thefe Defcriptions, in which great Care has been taken jufily to exprefs the extreme Parts, fuch as the Bills and Feet, and other Parts which diftinguifh the Genus or Species of the dilferent Birds, I thought it not proper to trouble the Reader with long and perplexed Defcriptions of thofe Parts, fince he can, by carting his Eye on the Figure, convey to his Senfe a much perfeftcr Idea> than a laborious and jurt Defcription in Words could give. / M Tht ( 42 ) The Hen Padda or Rice-Bird. ^ I I S Bird is altogether of the fame Magnitude and Shape with the laft de- -- feribed, to which I fuppofe it to be the Hen. It is by the People who bring them from China, called the Padda Bird, becaufe they are fed with that Grain; Padda being the Name by which Rice is called, while the Grain continues in the Hulks ; fo that I think the Rice Bird not a very improper Name. They are faid very much to annoy the Plantations of Rice ; but tho’ I have given it this Name, yet I mull take notice theie Birds are of that Tribe or Faniiiy of fmall Birds we in England^ call Finches, though their- Bills are larger in proportion than any of that Genus vve have with us. I not having Opportunity of feeing this Bird alive, the Defeription may be lefs perfedl than the other. It was preferved in Spirits at Sir Hans Sloane\. The Bill is of a Flelh-colour, it hath alfo the Eyelids or Skin round the Eye of a Flelh-colour j the Head is wholly Black, wanting the white Spots in the Cheeks, which is the principal Difference between this and the lall deferibed Bird ; the Neck, Back, Breaft, and Wings, are of- an Alh-colour, not fo bright as in the former., the Belly gradually changing into a faint dirtyilh BiolTom-colour, the Quills fome- thing darker than the Covert-feathers of the Wings j on the Ridge of the Wing next the Breall, is a white Spot ; the lower Belly, and Covets under the Tail, are White, the Tail is Black, the Legs and Feet of a Flelh-colour ; the Edges of the Feathers, as in the other, intermix fo equally, as to appear more like fine Hair than Feathers. Some People ufing the India Trade, who have feen thefe Birds, call them Java Sparrows, and others, Indian Sparrows, and affirrn.they are, found xnjava-, if fo, it is like they are found in moll of the Countries to, which our India Company trade ; but I rather believe the Trade between China and Java, may have made them as Plenty as Cage-birds in Java, from which fbme may have fuppofed them Natives of that Country. I have obferved Figures of thefe Birds very frequently in Chinefe Pidlures, which is a^pretty convincing Argument they are Natives of China. The XLII Le P A D D A Femclki ou /’Oifeau de Riz. CE T Oifeau eft a tous egards de la meme grandeur 6c de la meme taille que le pre- cedent, duquel je m’imagine qu’il eft la femelle. Ceux qui Tapportent de la Chine le nomment V Oifeau Padda^ parce qu’ils fe nourriflent de ce grain ; Padda etant le nom qu’on y donne au Riz^ tant que le grain eft encore dans fon enveloppe : ft bien qu’il me femble que le nom que je lui ai donne d,' Oifeau de Riz lui convient aftez. On dit qu’ils troublent beaucoup les Plantations de Riz mais quoique je lui aye impofe ce nom, je dois pourtant avertir que ces Oifeaux font de cette Tribu ou Famille de pe- tits-Oifeaux, que nous nommons en A?igleterre^ Finches^ 6c que nous pourrions defigner en Fran9ois par le nom general de Pinfojis^ quoique leurs bees foient plus grands a pro- portion qu’aucun de ce genre que nous ayons. Comme je n’ai pas eu I’occafion de voir cet Oifeau vivant, la Defeription en fera moins parfaite que celle du Male. II etoit con- ferve dans des Efprits chez Monf. le Chevalier Hans Shane. Le Bee eft de couleur de chair ; il a auffi les paupieres, ou la peau autour de I’Oeil, de la meme couleur; la Tete eft entierement noire, n’ayant pas les taches blanches dans les joues, ce qui fait la principale difference entre 1’ Oifeau qui precede 6c celui-ci : Le Cou, le Dos, la Poidtrine, 6c les Ailes, font de couleur de Cendres, pas ft vive que dans I’autre, le Ventre changeant par degrez en une couleur de Rofe ternie 6c fanee : fur le bord de I’Aile pres de la Poieftrine il y a une tache blanche : le bas-ventre 6c les cou- vertures fous la Queue, font blanches : la Queue eft noire, les Jambes 6c les Piez, de couleur de chair ; les bords des plumes, comme dans I’autre, entremelees ft egalement, qu’elles paroiffent pluftot comme de beaux Cheveux, que comme des plumes. Qi^elques perfonnes qui font commerce en Marchandifes des Indes, 6c qui ont vu ces Oifeaux, les nomment Moineaux de Java^ d’autres Moineaiix Indiens, 6c afferent qu’on les trouve dans I’lfle de Java. Si cela eft, il eft probable qu’on les trouve aufii dans la plus-part des Pays ou notre Compagjiie des hides fait commerce. Mais j’aimerois mieux fuppofer que le grand commerce qu’il y a entre la Chine 6c yava, les aura rendus com- muns, comme des Oifeaux de cage, en Java, d’ou il eft arrive que quelques-uns les en ont crus originaires. J’ai remarque des figures de ces Oifeaux fort frequemment dans les Peintures qui nous viennent de la Chine^ ce qui me paroit une preuve affez convain- quante qu’ils en font. M XLIII. Les Moineaux de la Chine. CES Oifeaux font figurez de leur grandeur Naturelle ; ils font du genre Pinson, quoiqu’ils ayent le Bee d’une taille plus grande. Le Bee, dans I’un & dans I’autre* eft fort gros, & tons deux de la meme taille & de la meme grofleur, 6c d’un cendre brun-elair : La Tete, dans le premier, que je fuppofe etre le Mdle^ eft noire. Sur le devant du Cou, le Noir defeend jufqu’a la Poidrine : FOeil eft d’une eouleur ob- feure : Le eorps entier, les Ailes 6c la Qi^eue font d’un Rouge-brun egal, ou de eouleur de eannelle-foneee : Les Jambes 6c les Piez, d’une eouleur de eendres. Le feeond de ees Oifeaux, que je m’imagine etre la Femelle^ a I’Oeil de eouleur ob- feure, les Cotez de la Tete, autour de I’Oeil, le bas du Cou, la Poi6trine, le Ventre, 6c les plumes de eouverture fous la Queue, font d’un Blane terni, tirant un peu fur la Rofe-fanee : le haut de la Tete, le derriere du Cou, le Dos 6c les Ailes, font d’un cendre-brun 6c terni. Les couvertures de la Qi^ue de deftiis, font blanches, 6c la Queue 6c les grandes plumes font d’une eouleur noire ou fombre : les Jambes 6c les Piez font de eouleur de chair. Je deffinai ees Oifeaux chez un Marchand, loge dans la Cour du Cerf-blanc J-, dans le St7~andy qui les donnoit pour Moineaux des Indes. Ils etoient enfemble dans une cage 6c paroiftbient s’accorder entr’eux comme Male 6c Femelle. Q^iqu’ Albin ait figure celui-ci avec une Tete noire, 6c un Oifeau different de celui que j’ai place ici avec I’autre, qu’il dit etre la Femelle j je n’aiirois pas repete I’Oifeau dd Albin ^ ft celui que je nomme la Femelle n’etoit pas un Oifeau nouveau & non-decrit auparavant. Le Male di" Albin differe du Mien, en ce qu’il lui donne une large barre de noir, tiree de la Poiftrine en bas, a travers toute I’etendue du Ventre, laquelle je n’ai pu decouvrir, quoi- que depuis que j’ai fait mon deftein, j’aye eu moi-meme un de ces Oifeaux, 6c que je I’aye examine de fort pres pour appercevoir cette marque ; mais je trouvai tout le ventre d’un rouge-brun. J’ai appris que ces Oifeaux venoient de la Chine^ 6c je leur ai donne le meme nom que leur a impofe Albin^ 6c qui femble leur convenir. D’aillcurs, une multiplicite de noms pour la meme chofe, caufe beaucoup de confufion dans VHiJioire Naturelle. Voyez le figure dd Albin dans le feeond Vol. de fon Hijioire des Oifeaux ^ Planche 53. L White-bari. i M I' |i li) ; ml' w,' C { M'' .1' r ; ' 1 43 ( 43 ) The Chinese Sparrows. These Birds are figur’d of their natural Bignefs j they are of the Finch kind, tho’ they have Bills of a larger Size; the Bills in both are very large, juft of the fame Shape and Bignefs, of a light bluifh Afh-colour; the Head, in the firft Bird, which I fuppofe to be the Cock, is black ; in the fore Part of the Neck, the black reaches down to the Breaft; the Eye is of a dark Colour; the whole Body, Wings, -and Tail, arc of an equal Red-brown or dark Cinnamon-colour ; the Legs and Feet of van Afh-colour. TH E fecond Bird, which I fuppofe to be the Hen, hath a dark-colour’d Eye ; the Sides of the Head, round the Eye, the under- fide of the Neck, Breaft, Belly, and Covert-feathers under the Tail, are of a dirty White, a little inclining to a faded BlofTom-colour.; the Top of the Head, hinder Part of the Neck, Back, and Wings, are of a dirty brownifh Afli-colour ; the upper Covert-feathers of the Tail, White ; the Tail and greater Quill-feathers, are of a Black or Dusky-colour; the Legs and Feet are of a Flefh-colour. I drew thefe Birds at a Bird-Merchant’s in White-Hard Tard in the Btrandy who call’d them Indian Sparrows. They were in a Cage together, and feem’d to agree like Cock and Hen. Though Albinh^^ figur'd this with a black Head, and a Bird different to what I have here placed with it, which he fays is the Hen; I fhould not have re- peated Albino Bird, had not this I call the Hen, been a Bird not yet defcrib’d. Albino Cock differs from mine, in that it hath a broad black Stroke drawn from the Breaft downward, through the whole Length of the Belly, which I could not difcover; though I have, fince I made this Draught, had one of thefe Birds myfelf, and examin’d it narrowly to find this Mark, but found the Belly wholly of the red Ruffet-colour, I have been told thefe Birds are brought from China. I have given it Mr. Albino Name, which I think not improper ; befides, a multiplicity of Names for the fame Thing, caufes much Confufion in Natural Hiftory. See Albino Figure in Vol. 2. Plate 53. of his Hijiory of Birds. ne t ( 44 ) The Yellow Headed Linnet. HIS Bird being of Kin to Linnets or Canary-Birds, I choofe to call it by this ' Name; I have heard them call’ d Mexican Sparrows-, but I think it more of the Linnet-kmd -, the Bill is moderately big, like the Bills of moftof our hard- bill’d Birds who crack Seeds, of a whitilh or pale Flefli-colour ; the Eye is of a Hazel-colour ^ the Head and Throat are of a yellow Colour; from behind the Eyes, down the Sides of the Neck, are drawn brown Marks, growing wider towards their lower Parts, and falling into the Back ; the hinder Part of the Head, upper Side of the Neck, Back, Wings, and Tail, are of a dirty Brown-colour, fpotted on the Neck and Back with dirty Spots, drawn downward ; the greater or outer Quills, and the Feathers of the Tail darker than the Back, and upper Part of the Wings; the Bread, Belly, Thighs, and Covert-feathers under the Tail, are of alight Clay-colour, the Bread and Belly fpotted, with dark brown Spots, drawn downward, which Spots begin on the lower Part of the Yellow on the Throat; the Legs and Feet are Brown, or of a dirty Flefh-colour. I drew this Bird at Sir Charles Wagers Houfe at Parfons-Green^ The Print diews the Bird of its natural Bignefs. , A Cage of ihefe Birds was found on board a Spanijh Prize, taken by an Englijh Ship in the Indies-, they are Natives of Mexico, the Ship in which they were found being bound from Vera Cruz to Old Spain^ * ^hs i ro 10^ no ri- 0^ til!) Yv In e 01 'STT 5^ n t h XLIV. La Linotte d 1‘ete-jaune. CE T Oifeaii etant du genre des Liinottes^ on Serins de Canarie, j’ai trouve a propos de lui donner ce nom. Je les ai oui nommer, Moi- neaux du Mexique : Mais je les croi plus du genre Linotte. Le Bee eft modiquement epais, comine les Bees de la plus-part de nos Oifeaux d bec-dur^ qui eraquent les femenees, d’une eouleur de chair pale ou blanchatre. L’Oeil eft de eouleur de Noizette : la Tete & la Gorge font de eouleur jaune ; depuis le derriere des Yeux, le long des cotez du Cou, font tirees deux marques brunes, qui s’elargiftent vers leurs parties inferieures & tombent dans le Dos. Le derriere de la Tete, le haut du Cou, le Dos, les Ailes & la Queue, font d’un Brun terni, tachete fur le cou & fur le dos de marques noires, qui vont en bas: Les grands Tuyaux, ou les plus externes, & les plumes de la Queue, plus obfeures que le Dos & le deftus des Ailes : La Poieftrine, le Ventre, les Cuiftes & les couvertures fous la Queue, font d’une eouleur d’ Argilc-clair ; la Poidrine & le Ventre parfemez de taches d’un brun obfeur, lefquelles defeendent en bas ; 8c commencent fur la partie inferieure du jaune fur la Gorge; Les Jambes 8c les Piez font bruns, ou d’une eouleur de chair ternie. Je deftinai cet Oifeau chez Monf le Chevalier Wager ^ dans Parfons Green (le Pre-aux-Clercs.) La figure le montre de fa grandeur naturelle. On trouva une Cage de ces Oifeaux a bord d’une Prife Efpagnole, faite par un Navire Anglois dans les Indes Occident ales. Ils font original res du Mexique ; le Vaifteau, ou ils furent trouvez, ayant ete charge a la V zra Cruz pour I’Efpagne. XLV. La G R A N D E- G R u E (ks Indes. C’E S T ici uii tres-grand & tres magnifique Olfeau, plus gros, je croi, que la Gf'ue ordinaire &; qui a le bee plus long a proportion : Elle marche d’un air tres-grave & folemnel : fa hauteur, quand elle fe tient debout ou qu’elle marche, fans meme fort etendre fon Cou, eft autour de cinq piez. Monf. Willoughby a decrit une Gni'e des Indes, qui paroit beaucoup moindre que celle-ci, & qui eft un Oifeau tout different. Ainfi j’ai cru que le nom de la plus grande Grue Indienne lui conviendroit aflez. Elle fe nourriffbit d’Orge, ou autres grains, mais a caufe de la longueur 6c de la Pointe de fon Bee, elle ne pouv'oit faire venir le grain dans fa bouche, fans lancer ou fecouer la Tete en bas avec beaucoup de promptitude, pour faifir le grain dans la fuite par la bouche, apres I’avoir eu dans la pointe de fon Bee. Le Bee eft long 6c affez epais vers la Tete, finiffant en une Pointe aigue, d’un jaune verdatre, fombre vers le haut, ayant de chaque cote une Narine oblongue, affez pres du Milieu, quoique plus proche de la Tete que de la pointe. Les Yeux font d’une couleur de noizette vive, ou rou- geatre ; la Tete 6c une petite partie du Cou, font couvertes d’une peau nue d’un beau rouge : vers la Bafe du Bee, fous le menton, 6c tout autour de la naiffance du Cou, ou du derriere de la Tete, il eft clair-feme de belles plumes noires, telles que des cheveux; un petit efpace du Cou demeurant tout a fait nud au deffbus. La couronne de la Tete 6c deux taches qu’il a vers les Oreilles, font blanches 6c de- ftituees de plumes. Le Cou eft fort long, convert en haut de plumes blanches, qui par degrez deviennent cendrees vers I’extremitej les plumes du Cou ne font ni fi longues, ni ft libres que dans les Herons: Le corps entier, les Arles 6c la Queue, excepte les Pennes, ou les Tuyaux externes des Arles, font cendres, un peu plus clairs fur la Poitftrine que fur le Dos 6c fur les Arles j les Tuyaux font noirs, 6c s’etendent lorfque les Arles font clofes, 6c prefque d’une longueur egale a celle de la Queue. Les Jambes font fort longues 6c fans plumes jufqu’ affez avant au deffTus des genoux j il a trois doigts qui fe prefentent en devant, d’une longueur modique, 6c un autre petit doigt derriere : les Jambes 6c les Piez font de couleur rouge, comme dans les Pigeons; les ongles, blancs. Je deffinai cet Animal d’apres la Nature vivante chez Monf. le Chevalier Wager, qui dans la fuite en fit prefent a Monf. le Dr. Mead. Il fut apporte ici des Indes Orientalcs. ■fi ( 45 ) The Greater Indian Crane. is a very large and Itately Bird, I believe bigger than the common Cranty and hath a longer Bill in proportion ; it walks with a very grave and folemn Air; its Height, as it ftands or walks, without extending the Neck greatly, is about five Feet. Mr. Willoughby has defcribed an Indian Crane which feems to be much lefs than this, and a quite different Bird ; fo I thought the Greater Indian Crane might be a Name proper enough for this Bird ; it fed on Barley and other Grain, but by reafon of the Length and Sharpnefs of the Bill, it could not gather the Grain into its Mouth without jerking back its Head pretty quick, and catching the Grain into its Mouth after it had taken it in the Point of its Bill ; the Bill is long and pretty thick toward the Head, ending in a fharp Point, of a greenifii Yellow-colour, dufky at the Tip, having on each Side an oblong Noflril pretty near the Middle, though nearer the Head than the Point ; the Eyes are of a bright hazel or redifii Colour ; the Head, and a fmall Part of the Neck, are covered with a bare Skin, of a fine red Colour j about the Bafe of the Bill, under the Chin, and all round the beginning of the Neck, or hinder Part of the Head, it is thin fet with fine black Hair like Feathers, a fmall Space of the Neck remaining quite bare below it ; the Crown of the Head, and two Spots by the Ears are White, and bare of Feathers; the Neck is very long, covered in the upper Part with white Feathers, which gradually become Afli-colour towards its Bottom ; the Neck-fea- thers are not fo long and loofe as in Herons 'y the whole Body, Wings and Tail, except the greater or outer Quills of the Wings, are Alh-colour, fomething lighter on the Breafl; than on the Back and Wings ; the Quills are Black, and extend them- felves, when the Wings are clofed, of almoft equal Length with the Tail ; the Legs are very long and bare of Feathers for a good Space above the Knees ; it hath three Toes ftanding forward, of a moderate Length, and a fmall back Toe ; both Legs and Feet are of a red Colour like thofe of Pigeonsy the Claws black. This Bird 1 drew from the Life at Sir Charles Wager who afterwards prefented it to Dr. Mead. It was brought from the Eaji Indies. N ' ( 46 ) The CoOT^FOOTED Tringa. This Bird is here figur’d of the natural Bignefs ; it is for Shape, Size, and ge- neral Colouring, like the Lejfer "Tringa^ or the Stints defcrib’d in Willoughby y the chief Difference being in the Feet, which are border’d with fcollop’d Fins, as in the Bald Coot j the Bill is long, pretty flender, and of a black Colour, a little bowed down- ward at the Point of the upper Mandible; the Eyes are placed pretty far from the Bill, as they are in mod: of this Kind; the Crown of the Head is Black; the Sides of the Head, all round the Eyes, round the Bafe of the Bill and Chin, are White; the whole Neck is of a faint Afh-colour, a very little inclining to Bloffom-colour ; the Bread:, Belly, Thighs, and Covert-feathers under the Tail are White; the lower Part of the Neck behind, the whole Back, Wings, and Tail, are of a dark dirty Brown-colour, though the very Borders of the Feathers are fringed with a lighter Colour ; the greater or outer Quills are almod black, having white Shefts or Stems, the middle Quills have white Tips and Borders pretty narrow, the inner or thofe next the Back, of the fame Colour with it; the Covert-feathers next above the Quills, are tip’d with White pretty deep, which form a broad white Bar acrofs the Wing, the under Side of the Tail is Afh-colour ; the Legs are of a middling Length, bare above the Knees for a good Space ; it hath four Toes danding after the ufual Manner, the three forward Toes have fcollop’d Fins on each Side, according to the number of Joints in each Toe, the Indentures falling in upon every Joint, fo that the Fins are not didurbed or ruffled by the bending of the joints, the back Toe is final 1 ; both Legs and Feet are of a Lead-colour ; it hath black Claws. I look on this Bird’s Feet to ' be very fingular, no Bird of the Snipe or Tringa~]C\nd having any thing like them. It was given me by Mr. Alexander Light y a curious Perfon, now redding in _ JRud/bns Bay, whither he was fent by the Hudfoii s Bay Company. He told me it came on board a Ship failing on the Coad of Mary handy a good Didance from fhore, in an Off-land Wind. Tdhe 46 XLVI. Le T R I N G A au pie-de-Foulc^e. CET Oifeau eft id figure de fa grandeur naturelle. A I’egard de la Taille & du coloris en general, il reffemble au Petit-Tringa^ ou Allouette de Mer^ de- . crite dans Willoughby ^ la principale diffidence etant dans les Piez, qui font bordez de nageoires dentelds, comme dans la Foulque-chauve. Le Bee eft long, affiez mince & de couleur noire, un peu courbe en bas vers la pointe de la Mandibule fuperieure : les Yeux font placez affiez loin du Bee, comme ils le font dans la plus-part des Oifeaux de ce genre. La couronne de la Tete eft noire j les cotez de la Tete, autour des Yeux 6c de la bafe du Bee 6c du Menton, font blancs j le Cou entier eft d’un cendre amorti, tirant trd-peu vers la couleur fleurie : la Poidrine, le Ventre, les Cuiffies, 6c les Couvertures fous la Qi^ue, font blanches; la partie inferieure du Cou par derriere, tout le Dos, les Ailes 6c la Qi^ue, font d’un Brun obfeur 6c terni, quoique les bords meme des plumes foient frangez d’une couleur plus claire ; les Pennes ou Tuyaux externes font prefque noirs, ayant de petits coupeaux ou Queues blanches: les Tuyaux du Milieu ont des bouts blancs & des bords affiez etroits ; les plus interieurs, ou ceux qui atteignent le Dos, de la meme couleur que le Dos meme : les couvertures precifement au deffius des Tuyaux font garnies de blanc a leurs extremitez, 6c meme affiez avant, ce qui forme une grande barre blanche a travers de I’Aile j le deffious de I’Aile eft de couleur de cendres ; les Jambes font d’une longueur moyenne, nues au deffius des genoux pour un bon efpace. II a quatre doigts, qui fe prefentent a la maniere ordinaire, les Trois doigts de devant ont des nageoires dentelees de chaque cote, felon le nombre des jointures dans chaque doigt, les dentelures tombant fur chaque liaifon ou joindlure ; le doigt de derriere eft petit : Les Jambes aufh bien que les Piez font de couleur de plomb; il a les Ongles noirs. Je regardc le pie de cet Oifeau comme une grande fingularite, nul autre du genre Fringa^ ou Bee- cajjine^ n’ayant rien de pareil. Cet animal me fut donne par Monf. Alexandre Light, grand virtuofo, refidant pre- fentement dans la Baye de Hudfon, ou il a ete envoye par la Compagnie de cette Baye. Il me dit que I’Oifeau etoit venu fe camper fur un Vaiffieau faifant voile fur la cote de Maryland, a une bonne diftance des cotes, par un vent de Terre. N XLvn. Le Pluvier Indes, d la Gorge-Noire. CET Olfeau eft un peu plus gros que le Vaneau-y il approche beaucoup, pour la grandeur, de nos Pluviers Gris & Verds Ai AngleterrCy etant taille a peu pres de meme, excepte dans les Jambes, qui font plus longues de beaucoup. II eft def- fine ici de fa grandeur naturclle. Son Bee eft d’une longueur moyenne, d’une epaifteur aflez egale, noire de couleur, finiftant en pointej le Milieu du Bee pas tout a fait ft epais qu’il I’eft a la bafe & pres de la pointe : il a fur chaque cote une Narine oblongue : la couronne de la Tete eft noire avec un luftre de Vert : ces plumes noires s’etendent un pouce au dela de la Tete par derriere, & forment une hupe : les Joues, le derriere de la Tete, & deux grandes lignes le long de chaque cote du Cou, font blanches ; Entre la couronne noire & le blanc fur les cotez de la Tete, font placez les Yeux j la partie in- ferieure du Cou par derriere, & le Dos entier, avec les couvertures des Ailes, font d’une couleur brune. Les Extremitez des rangs de couvertures precifement au deftus des Tuyaux, font blanches; les grands Tuyaux, blancs; les moindres pres du Dos, brunsj le bord de I’Aile, depuis la courbure en bas, a des plumes noires & des plumes blanches entremelees : depuis le Bee en bas, fur la gorge & le commencement de la Poieftrine, eft tiiee une marque noire, qui tombe dans le Noir fur la Poidlrine : la Poidtrine & une par- tie du Ventre, font noirs, ayant un beau luftre de Violet fur la Poidlrine : les Cuiftes, le bas-ventre & les plumes de couverture fous la Qi^eue, font blanches; les plumes de la Queue font d’une egale longueur, blanches a leur naiflance & noires vers leurs ex- tremitez, de la largeur d’un pouce & demi ; les Jambes font plus longues qu’il n’eft ordi- naire dans ce genre d’Oifeaux. Il a feulement trois doigts d’une longueur modique, tous fe prefentant en devant: les Jambes font deftituees de plumes jufqu’ affez avant au deftus desGenoux; les Jambes, les Piez 6c les Ongles font d’un brun obfeur 6c terni, tirant fur le Noir. J’ai tire ce deftcin d’un Oifeau qui me fut prete par Monf. Pierre Colinfon 6c qui lui fut envoy e dans des Efprits, avec d’autres Oifeaux,de Gamron en Perfe, C’eft par me- garde que j’ai ecrit au bas de la Planche, from Bengali, ?* VinHiaS^ 47 ( 47 ) The Black-Breasted IndianPlover. S Bird is fomething bigger than the Lapwing, it agrees pretty near in Size with our Englijh Grey and Green Plovers, being thap’d like them, except in its Legs, which are a pretty deal longer j it is here drawn" of its natural Bignefs ; its Bill is of a middling Length, of a pretty equal Thicknefs, Black of Colour, ending in a point, the Middle of the Bill is not quite fo thick as it is at its Balls and near the point ; it hath on each Side an oblong noftril j the crown of the Head is black with a green Glofs, thefe black feathers reach an Inch beyond the Head behind, and form a creft ; the Cheeks, hinder Part of the Head, and two broad Lines down on each Side the Neck are White ; between the black Crown and the White in the Sides of the Head^ are placed the eyes ; the lower part of the Neck behind, the whole Back and Covert- feathers of the Wings, are of a brown Colour ; the Tips of the Rows of Coverts next above the Quills are White, the greater Quills Black, the lefler next the Back, Brown j the Ridge of the Wing, from the Bend downward, hath black and white Feathers intermixed j from the Bill downward, on the throat, and beginning of th^ Breaft, is drawn a black Mark, which falls into the black on the Bread: ; the Bread and part of the Belly are Black,.having a fine purple Glofs on the Bread ; the Thighs, lower Belly, and Covert feathers under the Tail are white; the Feathers of the Tail are of equal Length, White at their Bottoms, and Black acrofs the End, for the breadth of an Inch and a half ; the Legs are longer than Common in this kind of Birds ; it hath only three Toes of a moderate Length all Handing for- ward; the Legs are bare of Feathers a little way above the knees : both Legs, Feet and Claws, are of a dirty dark Brown, inclining to Black. I drew this from a Bird lent me by Mr. Peter Colinfon, which was fent in Spirits with other Birds from Gamron in Perjia. I wrote it from Bengal on the^Plate, through a miftake. The ( 48 ) The S p u R-w iNGED Water Hen. ^ I HIS Bird is of the Water Hen-W\ndi ; Willoughby has defcrib’d fomething like it as to Shape, but of other Colours ; the Print Ihews the Bird of its natural bignefs ; the Bill is near an Inch and a half long, of a yellow Colour, the Noftrils lituate on each Side about the middle of the Bill j it hath at the Bafis of the upper Mandible a bald Skin, as in other Water Hem, but different, in that it is a loofe Flap, fcollop’d with three Scollops on the Top, join’d to the Head at the bottom, of a yellovvifli Colour ; I fuppofe it was red when the Bird was living, fince that Part is defcribed to be fo in the Birds Margrave faw in Brajil j the Crown of the Head is brown, intermixed with fome dufky Spots ; from the Corners of the Mouth, through the Eyes, to the hind Part of the Neck on each Side, is drawn a black Line, above the Eyes are white Lines ; the under Side of the Head, Neck, Bread, Belly, Thighs, and under Coverts of the Tail are White, on the Sides of the Belly and Thighs, are fprinkled a few red Marks j the hinder Part of the Neck is black, which by degrees becomes brown in the beginning of the Back, the lower Part of the Back, Rump, and upper Side of the Tail, are of a purplifh inclining to a red Rofe- colour ; the Feathers about the Shoulders, or fetting on of the Wings, are of a light brown, the Quills of the Wings are of a fine Green-colour tip’d with black, except a few of the fmaller next the Back, which are brown ; the firft Coverts above the Quills are black, next above is a Row of brown, the reft of the Coverts are of a Rofe or purplifh Colour ; the Covert- feathers within-fide the Wings, are of a redifh brown ; what is mod extraor- dinary in this Bird, is a Pair of drong, thick, fhort, yellow Spurs on the Joints of the Wings turning inward, fo that they point toward each other j the Legs are very long, and bare of Feathers above the Knees ; the middle Toe for Length, equals the Leg, the fide Toes a little fhorter, the back Toe is pretty long, having a Claw or Nail draight like a Needle, and longer than the Toe, which together equal the Length of the Leg, the back Toe is only one Joint, the inner two, the middle three, and the outer Toe four. 1 have been the more particular in defcribing the Joints of the Toes in this Bird, becaufe this Kind is faid in the Difcrlptions i find in Willoughby to have four Joints in each Toe j the three former Toes have long flender Claws, pretty draight both Legs, Feet and Claws of a Lead or bluidi Afh-colour. This Bird had been preferv’d a good while in Spirits by Sir Hans Shane, who lent it me that I might make a Drawing of it ; I was told it was brought from Carthagena in South America. The 48 >• - /• \ f I X ' ) » (e»- *V ' •% Ir . > . . •" . ^ - v. • , //* - * ii-. . 'W 1: - . J ’ ‘ • XLVIII. La Poule-d’e AUj aux Atles-eperonnees. CE T Oifeau eft du genre des Poules-d'eau : Willoughby en a decrit un qui en ap- prochc un pen, par rapport a la taille, mais de coloris different : I’eftampe montre rOifeau de fa grandeur naturelle : le Bee a un pouce & demi, on bien pres, en fa longueur, de couleur jaune, les Narines fituees de chaque c6t4 au milieu du bee, ou environ : A la bafe de la Mandibule ftipadeure, il a une peau chauve, comnie dans les autres Ponies d'eau^ mais differente, en ce que e’eft comme une efpece d’Oreille libre, en forme de cceur, mais taillee avec trois languettes fur le haut & jointe a la Tete par le bout, de couleur jaune : je m’imagine qu’elle etoit rouge quand I’Oifeau etoit en vie, puifque cette partie eft decrite fur ce pie-la dans les Oifeaux que Margrave a vus dans le BreJiL La couronne de la Tete eft brune, entremelee de quelques taches fombres : Des coins de la bouche, a travers les Yeux, jufqu’a la partie pofterieure du Cou de chaque cote, eft tiree une ligne noire ; au deffus des Y eux il y a des lignes blanches ; le deffous de la Tete, le Cou, la Poidrine, le Ventre, lesCuiffes & les Couvertures de deffous la Queue, font blanches; furies cotez du Ventre 5c des Cuiffes, il y a quelque peu de marques rouges afpergees. Le derriere du Cou eft d’un Noir, qui par degrez devient brun a la naiffance du Dos; le bas du Dos, le Croupion 5c le deffus de la Queue, eft d’un pourpre, qui tire vers le rouge, couleur de Rofe; les plumes autour des Efpaules, ou a I’infertion des Ailes, font d’un brun clair; les Tuyaux des Ailes font d’un beau vert, bordees de noir, excepte quelque peu des moindres pres du Dos, qui font brunes; les premieres couvertures au deffus des Tuyaux font noires; jufte- ment au deffus^ il y a une rangee de brun, le refte des couvertures font d’une cou- leur de Rofe ou de pourpre : Les plumes de couverture en dedans des Ailes, font d’un brun rougeatre. Ce qu’il y a de plus extraordinaire dans cet Oifeau, eft une paire d’Eperons, forts, epais, courts 5c de couleur jaune, fur les jointures des Ailes, tournez en dedans de telle forte, qu’ils poindtent I’un contre I’autre. Les Jambes font fort longues, 6c deftituees de plumes jufqu’ au deffus des genoux. Le doigt du milieu eft auffi long que la jambe, les doigts de cote, un peu plus courts, & le doigt de derriere raifonnablement long, ayant un Ongle droit comme une Aiguille, 6c plus long que le doigt meme, qui avec I’Ongle forme une longueur egale a celle de la Jambe : le doigt de derriere n’a qu’une jointure, I’Interne en a deux, le Mitoyen trois, 6c I’Externe en a quatre. J’ai ete un peu long dans la defeription particuliere des jointures des doigts, dans cet Oifeau, parce que dans les deferiptions que j’en trouve dans Willoughby^ on y dit qu’il a quatre articles ou jointures a chaque doigt. Du refte les trois doigts de devant out des Ongles minces 6c longs, 6c affez droits : les Jambes, les Pieds 6c les Ongles font d’une couleur de plomb, ou de cendres bluatres. Cet Oifeau a ete conferve long terns dans des Efprits par Monf. le Chevalier Sloa?ie^ qui me le preta pour en tirer le deffein. J’appris qu’il avoit ete apporte de Carthagene dans VAnierique Meridionale. XLIX. Le Penguin. E T Oifeau eft: environ de la groftfeur d’une Oye commune, domeftique, & on fuppofe quc j quand il met pie a terre, il mardie dans cette pofture droite, ou I’Eftiampe le reprefente, par la raifon de la fitiiation de fes Jambes perpendiculaire. Des Voyageurs qui ont vu cet Oifeau, rapportent qu’il ne marche point autrement. Le Bee n’efl: pas fort long, ni applati comme celui de notre Oye^ mais pluftot enfonce par les cotez : les Coins de la bouche font aflez profonds &: atteignent prefque jufques fous les Yeux. Dans la Mandibule fuperieure, de chaque cote, il y a une fente ou gerfure, les plumes de la Tete y vifant de chaque cote 'du Bee & couvrant les Narines. Le Bee eft: de couleur rouge: le devant de la Tete, tout autour du Bee & aufti loin que les Yeux, eft: d’un brun terni ; le derriere de la Tete, le haut du Cou & le Dos, font d’un pourpre terni, couvert de tres-petites plumes roides, peu faciles a etre rompues, paroilfant pluftot comme des EcaUles de ferpens que comme des plumes. Le delTous du Cou, la Poidtrine, le \'entre & les cotez fous les Ailes, font blancs, compofez de Plumes plus revenantes a la fafon or- dinaire & a I’apparence de plumes, & cependant aflez fermes & ferrees entr’elles : Les Ailes font petites & plattes, comme des planchettes, ou des RatiflToires, d’une couleur brune ; en haut aufll bien qu’en bas elks font couvertes de plumes fi roides & fi petites, qu’un obfervateur un peu in- attentif les pourroit prendre pour du chagrin : cette par tie, qui repond aux bouts des Tuyaux dans d’autres Ailes, eft blanche. Il n’a point d’apparence de Queue, excepte quelque peu de foyes courtes & noires fur le Croupion : les Jambes font courtes \ il a trois doigts qui fc prefen- tent en devant & tilTez enfemble comme dans les Oyes, I’interne de ces doigts ayant une nageoire ou Membrane laterale, du cote en dedans un quatrieme & tres-petit doigt detache des trois autres, fe prefentant aufll en devant & en dedans le plus interne de tous ; le contraire de tout ce que j’ai vu dans les piez des autres Oifeaux. Les Jambes & les Piez font d’un Rouge terni, armez d’Ongles raifonnablement longs & pointus, de couleur brune ; le derriere des Jambes & des bouts des pieds, eft noir. Cet Oifeau me fut prete par Monf. P. Colinfon ; qui ne put me dire d’ou il venoit. Je trouve qu’il en eft fait mention principalement par les Voyageurs au Detroit de Magellan, ou au Cap de Bonne- Efper ance : void ce qu’on en lit dans un Voyage du Chevalier Roe aux Indes. “ Dans “ I’ifle de Penguin il y a une forte d’Oifeau de ce nom-la, qui marche tout droit ; fes Ailes font “ fans plumes, pendantes comme des Manches, blanc par devant ; ils ne volent point, mais fe “ promenent feulement en petites troupes, gardant chacun regulierement fon propre Quartier,’* Churchill, Collect, de Voyages, Vol. I. p. 767. Cette Ifle de Penguin, dont on park, eft proche du Cap de Bonne-Efperance. J’ai examine quelques-uns des Voyages aux Detroits de Magellan ; mais je ne n’y ai pas trouve de grands eclair- ciflemens fur les Penguins de ces Quartiers-la, excepte feulement qu’ils marchent tout-droits, & qu’ils font leurs tanieres fous le rivage. Si bien que je ne faurois determiner au jufte de quel en- droit du Monde eft originaire I’Oifeau que je viens de decrire. Si ces Voyageurs avoient bien voulu nous donner quelques kgeres deferiptions des chofes dont ils parknt, nous aurions pu pro- bablement en tirer aflez de lumieres pour fixer la veritable Patrie de notre Penguin. ( 49 ) The Penguin. "^Jj ' HIS Bird is about the Bignefs of a common tame Goofe, and is fuppos’d when it cometh to Land to walk in this ered; Pofture, by reafon of the backward Si- tuation of the Legs. Voyagers who have feen this Bird, report it to walk ered ; the Bill is not very long nor deprefs’d like a Goofe s, but rather comprefs’d fide-ways ; the Corners of the Mouth are pretty deep and reach ahnoft under the Eyes ; in the upper Mandible on each Side, is a Cleft or Groove, the Feathers of the Head pointing on each Side of the Bill, and cover the Noftrils the Bill is of a red Colour; the fore Part of the Head, all round the Bill, and as far as the Eyes, is of a dirty brown ; the back Part of the Head, upper Part of the Neck and Back are of a dark dirty purplilh Colour, cover’d with very fmall ftiff Feathers, not eafily ruffled or diforder’d, appearing more like the Scales of Serpents than Feathers ; the under Side of the Neck, Bread:, Belly, and Sides under the Wings are white, compos’d of Feathers more agreeing with the common Make and appearance of Feathers, yet lying pretty clofe and lirm; the Wings .are fmall and flat, like little Boards or Paddies, of a brown Colour ; both above and beneath, they are cover’d with Feathers fo ftiff and fmall, that a flight Obferver might take them for Shagreen, that Part which anfwers theTips of the Quills in other Wings, is white; it hath no appearanceof a Tail, except a few fliort black Bridles on the Rump; the Legs are diort; it hath three Toes danding forward, and webed together as in Geel'e, the inner of thefe Toes having a Fin or lateral Membrane within-fide; a very fmall fourth Toe loofe from the other three, danding forward and within the innermod of the other three, contrary to any thing in the Feet of Birds 1 have yet feen; the Legs and Feet are of a dirty red Colour, armed with pretty long diarp brown Claws ; the hind Part of the Legs and Bottoms of the Feet, are Black. This Bird was lent me by Mr. Peter Colhifon ; he could not tell from whence it came. I find them mentioned chiefly by Voyagers to the Straits of Magellen, and the Cape of Good Hope. In Sir Pho. Roe's Voyage to Lidias I find this Account: “ On the Ifle of Penguin ■“ is a fort of Fowl of that Name, that goes upright; his Wings without Feathers, “ hanging down like Sleeves, faced with White, they do not fly, but only walk in “ Parcels, keeping regularly their own Quarters.” Churchill’r Collect, of Voyages, VoL “ I- p> 767. The above-mention’d Penguin Ifle is near the Cape of Good Hope. I ’have examin’d fome of the Voyages to the Straights of Magellan, and find very little Account of the Penguins there, more than that they go upright, and burrow under the Shores : So that I cannot determine the above-defcrib’d to be a Native of any certain Part of the World. Had thefe Voyagers given flight Defcriptions of the Things they mention, we might from thence probably have fixed its native Place. The O ( 50 ) 7he Spotted Greenland Dove. This Bird Is here figur’d of its natural Blgnefs, by comparing it with the Green- land Dove of Willoughby^ I find it agrees exadly in Shape and Size with that, the Bill and Legs being the very fame as to Make, tho’ different in Colour, therefore I believe it to be a young Bird, before it has molted its firfi: Feathers, the old ones being Black, except a large White Spot in each Wing, and the Legs and Feet of a fine Red. The flying Bird, in this Plate, thews the Black Greenland Dove, at a Dif- tance, by way of comparing it with this j the Bill is pretty long, of a dark or black Colour, a little bowed or hooked toward the Point; the whole under Side from Bill to Tail, is white, having very faint tranfverfe Bars of Afh-colourj the Top of the Head, upper Side of the Neck, Back and Tail, are of a dufky Black, with tranf- verfe Bars of a deep Black, the Quills are wholly Black, the Coverts above them tip’d with white; then fucceeds, a Row of Black, the leffer Coverts form a large Spot of White in the upper Part of the Wing, fprinkled with Black, the Ridge and upper Part of the Wing is border’d round with Black, the Legs and Feet are of a dirty Flefh-colour; it hath three Toes only, all Handing forward, armed with fmall Claws and webed tegether; it hath alfo Fins bordering on the infides of the inner Toes. u4lbin has figur’d a Bird in his Second Vol. p. 73. which he calls the Cock Greenland D(yue, and another in Vol. i. p. 81, which he calls the Hen; I believe he may have met with fomething like this Hen, there being fuch a Sort of Bird, but not the Hen of the Greenland Dove. Now I fuppofe he wanting a Cock to his Hen, and feeing in Willoughby the Colours were few and fimple, thought he might eafily make it out without feeing the Bird; fo he made a Plate for the Cock, which is only the dire■' » ■ * ■ " '4'-’ ■ 'V >jfcn ■'■' ■ , 'Kf ^ ■ f ii(?^;:v '•T :K ■. . # ^ • F- ' 'i ' ‘'' ii ' '• i'' 1 ■ , 'I. • 'V ' ... ■■ ■ -X '-'j.;. .r. ,p-. '^■;:i,:;.;3ii£...'-Bir ... .. ', /MW'* '' . »iV ** * 7 f J \ ■r,->'. . ; {-■'-:■ -t • , , • « ‘ • ■'•i .4 ■ • ' *1* .-■^ i «(■■''. .. , ^ ') !, . ■ vv ;;!£/>■/ - . :' :.i ( 51 ) The Greenland Buck* This Deer, in comparifon with ours in England^ is very thick and clumfy, being for Proportion of its Parts more like a well grown Ca^f than a Deer; from the Ground to the top of the Shoulders, it is about three Feet high Engltjh meafure; it hath a much fhorter Neck, and thicker Legs than is common in the Deer-kind j in Summer-time it is cover'd with fmooth fhort Hair of a Moufe-colour, againft Winter there fprings from beneath this a fecond Coat of long rough white Hair, tho’ it is a little Brown on the Back, and the lower Part of the Face ; this long Hair gives it a thick clumiy Appearance ; in the Spring again this rough win- ter Clothing is, as it were, thruft off by the fucceeding Summer’s Coat, which is fmooth and fliort, and fo it continues to change its Coverings ; what is moft remark- able in this Kind is the Nofe, which is wholly cover’d with Hair in that Part, which in other Deer is bare Skin and moift: I.fuppofe had it been naked, it muft neceffarily have froze in thofe cold Countries, fo Nature has given it this Covering to defend it; the Eyes are pretty large, {landing a little out of the Head ; both Male and Fe- male have Horns which is not common ;. its Hoofs are not pointed, they part pretty much in the Cleft, and are broad at the Bottom, in order, I fuppofe to keep them from finking too far into the Snow ; it hath two fmall Hoofs or Claws behind the greater on each Foot, placed pretty high; the Hoofs are of a dark Horn-colour; the Horns in this were not perfed:, it being young ; they were cover’d with a Plufli- like Skin, of a brown Colour, and fhap’d as in the Figure. I law a Head of perfedt Horns brought over with thefe Deer, which had two large palmed Branches over the Eyes,, conveniently placed as Shovels, to remove the Snow from the Grafs ; a little above thefe were two other Palms, but lefs, {landing outward ; above thefe each Horn fpread itfelf into five round Branches not at all palmed. A Male and Female of thefe Deer were prelented to Sir Hans Sloaney An- no 1738, by Captain Craycotty who brought them over. Sir Hans afterwards pre- fented them to his Grace the Duke of Richmondy who lent them to his Park in Su/Ji’x, I hear they are fince dead, without any Increafe. This is by fome fuppofed to be the Rain-Deer of the Laplanders and Ruffians ; but I cannot pretend to alTert it is, or is not. The Figure Ihews it in its winter Clothing, The ( 52 ) The Porcupine from Hudfbn’s Bay. TT’OR Shape and Bignefs it much refembles a Caftor or Beaver, or to compare it to -*■ Ibme well known Thing for Size of Body, it is equal to a Fox, tho’ unlike it in Shape ; the Head is like a Rabit’s 5 it hath a flat Nofe intirely covered with fliort Hair ; the Teeth before, two above and two beneath, are very flrong, of a yellow Colour, and feem to be made for gnawing or biting of grafs j it hath very fmall Ears hardly ap- pearing beyond the Fur ; the Legs are fhort, the Claws long, four on each Foot for- wards, and five on each hinder Foot, all hollowed within like Scoops; the Tail is of a middling Length, thicker toward the Body than at the End, the under-fide of the Tail towards the End is White; it is clothed all over the Body with pretty foft Fur about four Inches long, tho’ fliorter about the Head and near the Paws, and a little longer on the hinder Part of the Head ; beneath the Hair on the upper Part of the Head, Body and Tail, it is thick fet with very (harp ftifF Quills, the longeft being hardly three Inches long, which gradually fhortens towards the Nofe, and on the Sides towards the Belly, the Quills cannot be feen through the Fur, except a little on the Rump where the Hair was thin ; it had befides the foft Fur which was all the Body over a dark Brown or Sable-colour, fome long ftiff ftraggling Hairs thinly fet, three Inches longer than the under Fur, the Ends of which being of a dirty White, made the Fur appear a little grifled in fome places, the Quills are very lharp, feveral of them having Ruck fafter in my Fingers than in the Skin on a flight touch; they are bearded, and not eaflly drawn out when entered the Skin : There came over with this, a young one about the Bignefs of a Rat; it had a blacker Fur than the old one, and the Quills were plainly feen and felt among the Hair. Thefe were brought from Hudfon s Bay, and prefented to Dr. R. M. Ma/fey, and are now in Sir Shanes Colledlion at Chelfea. I believe this Creature has not before been defcribed. The Quills are white with black Points. See in the Plate a Quill of its natural Shape and Size, and the Point of a Quill magnified. A Friend of mine refiding at at my Requefl: has refolved me fome Queries I fent him relating to this Creature. Extract Jrom his Lettevy dated hVoz-ny, Augult 10, 1742. “ '’I "'HE Porcupine in this Country, is a Beaft which makes itsNefl: or Den under “ A the Roots of great Trees, and fleeps much ; it feeds on the Bark of Juniper “ and other Trees, but chiefly on Juniper ; in Winter it eats Snow inflead of drinking, “ and laps Water in Summer like a Cat or Dog, but carefully avoids going into it. “ His Hair and Quills remain all Summer without Alteration of Colour; but as the ** Weather grows warmer in the Spring, the Fur grows thinner, as in all Creatures in “ this Country. But you may depend on better Information next Year, for they are “ very plentiful on the Eafl: Main, feveral of my trading Indians depending on them for Food at fome S'eafons of the Year. Tour moji humble Servant y Alexander Light. A LII. Le PoRC-EPic de la Baye de Hudfon. PO U R la taille & la groffeur, il reflemble beaucoup au Cafior, ou Bihre', ou, poirr le comparer a quelque chofe de plus connu, pour la groffeur du corps, il eft egal au Renard, quoi qu’il ne lui reflemble pas pour la faille. Sa Tete eft comme celle d’un Lapin ; il a le Nez plat, tout a fait couvert de poils courts. Les Dents de devant, deux en haut & deux en bas, font tres-fortes, de couleur jaune, & paroiflent etre faites pour mordre' & arracher I’herbc ; il a de tresTpetites Oreilles, paroiflant a peine au deflfus de la fourure ; les J ambes font courtes, les griffcs longues, quatre a chaque pie en devant, & cinq a chaque pie de derriere, toutes creufes en dedans, comme des Ecopes ; la Queue eft d’une longueur modique, plus epaiflc vers le corps qu’a Textremite, le delTous de la Queue vers le bout, eft blanc ; il eft couvert par tout le corps d’une fourure aflez douce & d’un poil de quatre pouces de longueur, quoique plus court autour de U Tete & proche des Pattes, & un peu plus long fur le derriere de la Tete. Sous le Foil, fur la partie fuperieure de la Tete, du corps & de la Queue, il eft parfeme aflez epais de Picquans ou uyaux roides & tres-aigus, les plus longs ayant a peu pres trois pouces d’etendue, & encore s’ac- courcilTent-il graduellement vers le Nez & fur les cotez vers le Ventre. On ne peut pas voir ces pointes a travers la fourure, excepte un peu fur le Croupion, oil le poil n’cft pas fi epais. Outre cette douce Fourure, repandue fur tout le corps & d’un brun obfcur, ou de couleur de Sibeline, il a aufli quelques longs poils, roides & feparez les uns des autres, clair-femez, plus longs de trois pouces que la fourure de delTous, les bouts defquels etant d’un blanc terni font paroitre la fourure un peu grisatre en quelques endroits. Les Aiguillons ou Picquans font tres-aigus, quelques-uns s’etant fichez dans mes doigts plus ferre que dans la peau par une touche legere : Ils font barbelez, & difficiles a retirer des qu’ils font entrez dans la peau II en vint un avec celui-ci, qui etoit jeune & environ de la groflTeur d’un Rat, il avoit la fourure plus noire que I’autre, & on y diftinguoit deja les Piquans tres-aifement parmi le poil, non feulement a la main, mais aufli a la vue. Ils flirent apportez I’un & I’autre de la Baye de Hudfon & prefentez a Monf. le Dr. Maffey ; prefentement ils font dans la Coilecftion de Monf. le Chevalier Hans Sloans d Chelfea. Je crois que cet Animal n’a jamais ete decrit auparavanr. Les Picquans font blancs, avec des pointes noires. Voyez dans la Planche un de ces picquans de fa grandeur & de fon figure naturelle, avec la Pointe a cote, aggrandie par le Microfcope. Un de mes Amis qui refide a la Baye, repondit a ma priere aux qiieftions que je lui avols ad' dreflees par rapport a cet Animal. Extrait de fa Lettre^ dattee ^Albcmie, le i o. Aout^ 1 742. Le Porc-ipic de ces quartiers, eft un Animal qui fait Ion nid ou fa tanniere Ibus les racines des ** grands Arbres, & qui dort beaucoup : il fe nourrit d’ecorce de Genevre 6c d’autres ArbrilTeaux, “ mais principalement du Genevre. En hyver, il mange de la Neige, au lieu de boirc, & en “ Ete il lappe I’eau, comme un Chat^ ou un Chien, mais il prend grand loin de n’y pas entrer. Son poil 6c fes picquans reftent pendant tout I’Ete fans aucune alteration dans leur couleur “ mais quand la faifon devient plus chaude au Printems, fa fourure devient plus claire, comme dans tous les Animaux de ce pays. Mais vous pouvez compter fur une meilleure information I’annee prochaine ; car ils font ici en abundance fur-tout du cote de I’Eft, plufieurs de nos diens commercans comptant fur eux pour nourriture en certaines faifons de I’annee. Je fuis, Votre tres-himhle ferviteur. Alexandre L. Catalogue des Oiseaux figurez 6c decrits dans ce Livre.. X’Aigle queue-blanchc - - I. Le Roi des Vau tours - - II. Le Faucon-Tachete - - • III. Le Faucon-Noir . « - IV. Le Perroquet-Noir, de Madagafcar V. Le Perroqiiet-Indien, rouge & verd VI. Le Touraco _ _ - VII. Le Grand Maitin-Pecheur de la yttt ^uiere de Gambia - - ^ Le Martin-Pecheur blanc Gf noir IX. d Queue ^/’Hirondelle - X. Le Petit Martin-Pecheur Indien - XI. Z/’Outarde ^’Arabie - - XII. Le Guan des Indes Occidentales XIII. Pigeon ^ I’Aile verte - ' XIV. Le Pigeon d longue Qi^ue - XV. Le Pigeon-barre - - XVI. Le Mino, ou Minor - - XVII. Le Moineau-Solitaire - XVIII. Le Merle de la Chine - - XIX. Le Merle-Rofette - - XX. Le Grimpereau-bleu - - XXI. Z,’Oifeau-bleUj ventre-rouge XXII. Le Verdier, tete-rouge - - XXIII. Le Rouge-gorge bleu - - XXIV. Mefange-Verte, oz/ Mouchet XXV. Le Petit-Grimpereau brun & blanc XXVI. Le Gn nd-Martin, ou le Rapide XXVII. Le Roflignol de Mur, rouge- queue XXVIII, Le Rouge-queue gris - XXIX. Le Bee-figure Male - - XXX. Le Cul-blanc rouge - - XXXI. Le Colibri rouge, d longue Queue XXXII. Le Colibri Verd, d longue Qi^ue XXXIII, Le Colibri tete-noirc Gf longue- 1 ^ Queue - - > XXXIV. Le Colibri Ventre-blanc • XXXV. Le Colibri verd, Ventre-noir XXXVI. Le Colibri hupe - - XXXVII. Le Colibri rouge-gorge - XXXVIII. i^’Oifeau-Rouge, ou le Cardinal XXXIX. L’Oifeau dune Coquille, Gowri XL, Le Padda Male, ou I’Oifeau de Riz XLI. Le Padda Femelle - - XLII. Les Moineaux de la Chine - XLIII. La Linotte tete-jaune - - XLIV. La Grande Grue des Indes • XLV. Le Tringa au pie de Foulque - XL VI. Le Pluvier des Indes, gorge-noire XLVII. La Poule-d’cau aux Ailes epe- I ronnees - - y XL VI II. Le Penguin - - XLIX. La Colombe-tachetee de Grocnlande L. Le Daim de Groenlande - LI. Le Porc-epic de la Baye de Hudfon LII. FINIS. i. p ' l§ i ¥ n , , ■ V I 4^ ■ I < « >T : -■ t . i < > ■5 ■ \ ( '■ ■ ( , tv- • K, I A v> -t:' K*-'' ■I •f.-O ii ' '‘V V > •*■= I ■ a ■ •• -I . / i )>f' V- '‘'f' ■; . ' ■ n ■ -if ■ y \ l> ♦ • « i ■li ■ i \ S '•1 4 \ J ♦ >h -I < >1 . V ? I t ►!♦ 1 * J . ) ^■ V \ 9 )"■' > V t f i - \ 4 / } \ > ^ '.*■- j ■( »’• t" r- n., , I . • M ■i »! f L‘* \ (Sept., 1886, 20,000) BOSTON PUBLJ^ LIBEAEY. 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