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GENEALOGY COLLECTION

„f.^^f."m<i9,yr'.T,y.P.L'BLIC LIBRARV

3 1833 00839 9526

HISTORICAL

ENCYCLOPEDIA

OF

ILLINOIS

EDITED BY

Newton Bateman, LL. D. Paul Selbv, A. M.

AND HISTORY OF

PIATT COUNTY

edited bv Francis M. Shonkwiler

VOLUME II.

ILLUSTRATED

CHICAGO

MUNSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY PUBLISHERS

1917

Historical Eneyolopeilia of Illinois

Copyrifriit 1 Sil9-l!l()(1-l!l05- 1912- 11)1 4- Un."

By

MIT^'SELL PUBLISHIXG COilPAXY

2043982

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OP ILLINOIS.

503

STARJfE, Alexander, Secretary of State and State Treasurer, was born in Pliiladelijhia, Pa-, Nov. 21, 1813; in the spring of 1836 removed to Illinois, settling at Griggsville, Pike County, where he opened a general store. From 1839 to "42 he served as Commissioner of Pike County, and, in the latter year, was elected to tlie lower house of the General Assembly, and re-elected in 1844. Having, in the meanwhile, disposed of his store at Griggsville and removed to Pittsfield, he was appointed, by Judge Purple, Clerk of the Circuit Court, and elected to the same office for four years, when it was made elective. In 1853 he was elected Secretary of State, when he removed to Springfield, returning to Griggsville at the expiration of his term in 1857, to assume the Presidency of the old Hannibal and Naples Railroad (now a part of the Wabash system). He represented Pike and Brown Counties in the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and the same year was elected State Treasurer. He thereupon again removed to Springfield, where he resided until his death, being, with his sons, extensively engaged in coal mining. In 1870, and again in 1872, he was elected State Senator from San- gamon County. He died at Sjiringfield, March 31, 1886.

STATE B.IXK OF ILLINOIS. The first legis- lation, having for its object the establishment of a bank within the territory which now constir tutes the State of Illinois, was the passage, by the Territorial Legislature of 1816, of an act incorporating the "Bank of Illinois at Shawnee- town, with branches at Edwardsville and Kas- kaskia. " In the Second General Assembly of the State (1820) an act was passed, over the Governor's veto and in defiance of the adver.se judgment of the Council of Revision, establish- ing a State Bank at Vandalia with branches at Shawneetown, Edwardsville, and Brownsville in Jackson County. This was, in effect, a recharter- ing of the banks at Shawneetown and Edwards- ville. So far as the former is concerned, it seems to have been well managed; but the official conduct of the officers of the latter, on the basis of charges made by Governor Edwards in 1826, was made the sul)ject of a legislative investiga- tion, which (although it resulted in nothing) seems to liave had some basis of fact, in view of the losses finally sustained in winding up its affairs — that of the General Government amount- ing to S.54.000 Grave charges were made in this connection against men who were then, or afterwards became prominent in State affairs, including one Justice of the Supreme Court and one (still later) a United States Senator. The

experiment was disastrous, as, ten years later (1831), it was found necessary for the State to incur a debt of §100,000 to redeem the outstand- ing circulation. Influenced, however, by the popular demand for an increase in the "circu- lating medium," the State continued its experi- ment of becoming a stockholder in banks managed by its citizens, and accordingly we find it, in 1835, legislating in the same direction for tlie establisliing of a central "Bank of Illinois" at Springfield, with bi'anohes at otlier jioints as might be required, not to exceed six in number. One of these branches was established at Van- dalia and another at Chicago, furnishing the first banking institution of the latter city. Two years later, when the State was entering upon its sclieme of internal improvement, laws were enacted increasing the capital stock of these banks to 34,000,000 in the aggregate. Following the example of similar in.stilutions elsewhere, they suspended specie payments a fevv months later, but were protected by "stay laws" and other devices until 1843, when the internal 1 nprovement scheme having been finally aban- doned, they fell in general collapse. Tiie State ceased to be a stock-holder in 1843, and the banks were put in course of liquidation, though it required several j'ears to complete the work.

STATE CAPITALS. The first State capital of Illinois was Kaskaskia, where the first Territorial Lagi-slature convened, Nov. 25, 1813. At that time there were but five counties in the State — St. Clair and Randolph being the most important, and Kaskaskia being the county-seat of the latter. Illinois was admitted into the Union as a State in 1818, and the first Constitution provided that the seat of government should remain at Kaskaskia until removed by legislative enact- ment. That instrument, however, made it obli- gatory upon the Legislature, at its first session, to petition Congress for a grant of not more than four sections of land, on which should be erected a town, which should remain the seat of govern- ment for twenty years. Tlie petition was duly presented and granted; and. in accordance with the power granted by the Constitution, a Board of five Commissioners selected the site of the present city of Vandalia, then a point in the wilderness twenty miles north of any settle- ment. But so great was the faith of speculators in the future of the proposed city, that town lots vs'ere soon selling at SlOO to 5780 each. The Com- missioners, in obedience to law, erected a plain two-story frame building — scarcely more than a commodious shanty — to which the State offices were removed in December, 1830. This building

504

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

was burned, Dec. 9, 1823, and a brick structure erected in its place. Later, when the question of a second removal of the capital began to be agi- tated, the citizens of Vandalia assumed the risk of erecting a new, brick State House, costing $16,000. Of this amount §6,000 was reimbursed by the Governor from the contingent fund, and the balance ($10,000) was appropriated in 1837, when the seat of government was removed to Springfield, by vote of the Tenth General Assem- bly on the fourth ballot. The other places receiv- ing the principal vote at the time of the removal to Springfield, were Jacksonville, Vandalia, Peoria, Alton and lUiopolis — Springfield receiv- ing the largest vote at each ballot. The law removing the capital appropriated $.50,000 from the State Treasury, provided that a like amount should be raised by private subscription and guaranteed by bond, and that at least two acres of land should be donated as a site. Two State Houses have been erected at Springfield, the first cost of the present one (including furnishing) having been a little in excess of $4,000,000. Abraham Lincoln, who was a member of the Legislature from Sangamon County at the time, was an influential factor in securing the removal of the capital to Springfield.

STATE DEBT. The State debt, which proved so formidable a burden upon the State of Illinois for a generation, and, for a part of that period, seriously checked its prosperity, was the direct outgrowth of the internal improvement scheme entered upon in 1837. (See Internal Imjirovement Policy. ) At the time this enterprise was under- taken the aggregate debt of the State was less than $400,000 — accumulated within the preceding six years. Two years later (1838) it had increased to over $6,500,000, while the total valuation of real and personal property, for the purposes of taxation, was less than $60,000,000, and the aggre- gate receipts of the State treasurj', for the same year, amounted to less than $1.50,000. At the same time, the disbursements, for the support of the State Government alone, had grown to more than twice the receipts. This disparity continued imtil the declining credit of the State forced upon the managers of public affairs an involuntary economy, when the means could no longer be secured for more lavish expenditures. The first bonds issued at the inception of the internal improvement scheme sol.d at a premium of 5 per cent, but rapidly declined until they were hawked in the markets of New York and London at a dis- count, in some cases falling into the hands of Drokers who failed before completing their con-

tracts, thus causing a direct loss to the State. If the internal improvement scheme was ill-advised, the time chosen to carry it into effect was most unfortunate, as it came simultaneously with the panic of 1837, rendering the disaster all the more complete. Of the various works undertaken by the State, only the Illinois & Michigan Canal brought a return, all the others resulting in more or less complete loss. The internal improvement scheme was abandoned in 1839-40, but not until State bonds exceeding $13,000,000 had been issued. For two years longer the State struggled with its embarrassments, increased by the failure of the State Bank in February, 1842, and, by that of the Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown, a few months later, with the proceeds of more than two and a half millions of the State's bonds in their possession. Thus left without credit, or means even of paying the accruing interest, there were tliose who regarded the State as hopelessly bank- rupt, and advocated repudiation as the only means of escape. Better counsels prevailed, how- ever; the Constitution of 1848 put the State on a basis of strict economy in the matter of .salaries and general expenditures, with restrictions upon the Legislature in reference to incurring in- debtedness, while the beneficent "two-mill tax" gave assurance to its creditors that its debts would be paid. While the growth of the State, in wealth and population, had previously been checked by the fear of excessive taxation, it now entered upon a new career of prosperity, in spite of its burdens— its increase in population, be- tween 1850 and 1860, amounting to over 100 per cent. The movement of the State debt after 1840 — when the internal improvement sclieme was abandoned — chiefly by accretions of unpaid inter- est, has been estimated as follows: 1843, $15,- 637,950; 1844, $14,633,969; 1846, $10,389,817; 1848, $16,661,795. It reached its maximum in 1853 — the first year of Governor Matteson's administra- tion— when it was officiallj' reported at $16,724.- 177. At this time the work of extinguishment began, and was prosecuted under successive administrations, except during the war, when the vast expense incurred in sending troops to the field caused an increase. During Governor Bissell's administration, the reduction amounted to over $3,000,000; during Oglesby's, to over five and a quarter million, besides two and a quarter million paid on interest. In 1880 the debt had been reduced to $281,059.11, and, before the close of 1882, it had been entirely extinguished, except a balance of $18, .500 in bonds, which, having been called in years previously and never presented foi

HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

505

payment, are supposed to have been lost. (See Macalifiter and Stebbins Bonds.)

STATE GUARDIANS FOR GIRLS, a bureau organized for the care of female juvenile delin- quents, by act of June 2, 1893. The Board consists of seven members, nominated by the Executive and confirmed by the Senate, and who consti- tute a body politic and corporate. Not more than two of the members may reside in the same Con- gressional District and, of the seven members, four must be women. (See also Home for Female. Juvenile Offenders.) The term of oflSce is six years.

STATE HOUSE, located at Springfield. Its construction was begun under an act passed by the Legislature in February, 1867, and completed in 1887. It stands in a park of about eight acres, donated to the State by the citizens of Spring- field. A provision of the State Constitution of 1870 prohibited the expenditure of any sum in excess of §3,500,000 in the erection and furnishing of the building, without previous approval of such additional expenditure by the people. This amount proving insufficient, the Legislature, at its session of 1885, passed an act making an addi- tional appropriation of .?531,712, which having been approved by popular vote at the general election of 1886, the expenditure was made and t)ie capitol completed during the following year, thus raising the total cost of construction and fur- nishing to a little in excess of §4,000,000. The building is cruciform as to its ground plan, and classic in its style of architecture ; its extreme dimensions (including porticoes), fronr north 'to south, being 379 feet, and, from east to west, 286 feet. The walls are of dressed Joliet limestone, wliile the porticoes, which are spacious and lofty, are of sandstone, supported by polished columns of gray granite. The three stories of the building are surmounted by a Mansard roof, with two turrets and a central dome of stately dimensions. Its extreme height, to the top of the iron flag-stafl', which rises from a lantern springing from the dome, is 304 feet.

STATE NORMAL UNIVERSITY, an institu- tion for the education of teachers, organized under an act of the General Assembly, passed Feb. 18, 1857. This act placed the work of organization in the hands of a board of fifteen persons, which was styled "The Board of Educa- tion of the State of Illinois," and was constituted as follows: C. B. Denio of Jo Daviess Count3'; Simeon Wright of Lee; Daniel AVilkins of Mc- Lean ; Charles E. Hovey of Peoria ; George P. Rex of Pike; Samuel W. Moulton of Shelby; John

Gillespie of Jasper; George Bunseu of St. Clair; Wesley Sloan of Pope; Ninian W. Edwards ot Sangamon ; John R. Eden of Moultrie ; Flavel Moseley and William Wells of Cook ; Albert R. Shannon of White; and the Superintendent oi. Public Instruction, ex-officio. The object of the University, as defined in the organizing law, is to qualify teachers for the public schools of the State, and the course of instruction to be given embraces "the art of teaching, and all branches which pertain to a common school education; in the elements of the natural sciences, including agricultural chemistry, animal and vegetable physiology ; in the fundamental laws of the United States and of the State of Illinois in regard to the rights and duties of citizens, and such other studies as the Board of Education may, from time to time, prescribe." Various cities competed for the location of the institution, Bloomington being finally selected, its bid, in- cluding 160 acres of land, being estimated as equivalent to $141,725. The corner-stone was laid on September 29, 1857, and the first building was ready for permanent occupancy in Septem- ber, 1860. Previously, liowever, it had been sufficiently advanced to permit of its being used, and the first commencement exercises were held on June 29 of the latter year. Three years earlier, the academic department had been organ- ized under the charge of Charles E. Hovey. The first co.st, including furniture, etc., was not far from §200,000. Gratuitous instruction is given to two pupils from each county, and to three from each Senatorial District. The departments are : Grammar school, higli school, normal department and model school, all of which are overcrowded. The whole number of students in attendance on the institution during the school year, 1897-98, was 1,197, of whom 891 were in the normal department and 306 in the practice school depart- ment, including representatives from 86 coun- ties of the State, with a few pupils from other States on the payment of tuition. The teaching faculty (including the President and Librarian) for the same year, was made up of twenty-six members — twelve ladies and fourteen gentlemen. Tlie expenditures for the year 1897-98 aggregated §47,626.92, against §66,. 528. 69 for 1896-97. Nearly §23,000 of the amount expended during the latter year was on account of the con.struction of a gymnasium building.

STATE PROPERTY. The United States Cen- sus of 1890 gave the value of real and personal property belonging to the State as follows : Pub- lic lands, §338,000; buildings, §32,164,000; mis-

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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

ceUaneous property, §2,650,000— total, $25,142,000. The land may be subdivided thus : Camp-grouuds of the Illinois National Guard near Springfield (donated), $40,000; Illinois and Michigan Canal, §168,000; Illinois University lands, in Illinois (donated by the General Government), 841,000. in Minnesota (similarly donated), §79,000. The buildings comprise those connected with the charitable, penal and educational institutions of the State, besides the State Arsenal, two build- ings for the use of the Appellate Courts (at Ottawa and Mount Vernon), the State House, the Executive Mansion, and locks and dams erected at Henry and Copperas Creek. Of the miscellaneous property, §120,000 represents the equipment of the Illinois National Guard; §1,959,- 000 the value of the movable property of public buildings; §550,000 the endowment fund of the University of Illinois; and §21,000 the movable property of the Illinois & Michigan Canal. The figures given relative to the value of the public buildings include only the first appropriations for their erection. Considerable sums have since been expended upon some of them in repairs, enlargements and improvements.

STATE TREASURERS. The only Treasurer of Illinois during the Territorial period was John Thomas, who served from 1813 to 1818, and became the first incumbent under the State Government. Under the Constitution of 1818 the Treasurer was elected, biennially, by joint vote of the two Houses of the General Assembly ; by the Constitution of 1848, this officer was made elective by the people for the same period, with- out limitations as to number of terms ; under tlie Con.stitution of 18T0, the manner of election and duration of term are unchanged, but the incum- bent is ineligible to re-election, for two years from expiration of the term for which he may have been chosen. The following is a list of the State Treasurers from ISIS to 1911, with term of each in office: John Thomas, lSlS-19; Robert K. McLaughlin, 1S19-23; Abner Field, 1823-27; James Hall, 1827-31; John Dement, 1831-36; Charles Gregory, 1836-37; John D. \^^liteside, 1837-41; Milton Carpenter, 1841-48, John Moore, 1848-57; James Miller, 1857-59; William Butler, 1859-63; Alexander Stame, 1863-65; James H. Beveridge, 1865-67; George W Smith, 1867-69; Erastus N. Bates, 1869-73; Edward Rutz, 1873-75; Thomas S. Ridgway, 1875-77; Edward Rutz, 1877-79, John C. Smith, 1879-81; Edward Rutz, 1881-83; John C. Smith, 1883-85; Jacob Gross, 1885-87; John R. Tanner, 1887-89; Charles Becker, 1889-91; Edward S. Wilson, 1891-93; Rufus N. Ramsay, 1893-95;

Henry Wulff, 1895-97; Henry L. Hertz, 1897-99; Floyd K. ^^'llittemo^e, 1899-1901; Moses O. William- son, 1901-03; Fred A. Busse, 1903-05; Len Small, 1905-07; John F. Smulski, 1907-09; Andrew Russel, 1909-11; E. E. Mitchell, 1911--.

STAUNTOX, a v-illagc in Macoupin County, on the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis and ^^'abash Rail- ways,36 miles northeast of St. Louis; an agricultural and mining region; has two banks, churches and a weekly pajier. Pop. (1900), 2,786; (1910), 5.048.

STEGER, a \'illage in Cook and Will Counties, on the C. & E. I. R. R. ; has some local industries and one weekly paper. Pop. (1900), 2,161.

STEEL PRODUCTION. In the manufacture of steel, Illinois has long ranked as the second State in the Union in the amount of its output, and, during the period between 1880 and 1890, the increase in production was 241 per cent. In 1880 there were but six steel works in the State; in 1890 these had increased to fourteen; and the production of steel of all kinds (in tons of 2,000 pounds) had risen from 254, .569 tons to 868,250. Of the 3,837,039 tons of Bessemer steel ingots, or direct castings, produced in the United States in 1890, 22 per cent were turned out in IlUnois, nearly all the steel produced in the State being made by that process. From the tonnage of ingots, as given above, Illinois produced 622,260 pounds of steel rails, — more than 30 per cent of the aggregate for the entire country. This fact is noteworthy, inasmuch as the competition in the manufacture of Bessemer steel rails, since 1880, has been so great that many rail mills have converted their steel into forms other than rails, experience having proved their production to any considerable extent, during the past few years, unprofitable except in works favorably located for obtaining cheap raw material, or operated under the latest and most approved methods of manufacture. Open-hearth steel is no longer made in Illinois, but the manufacture of crucible steel is slightly increasing, the out- put in 1890 being 445 tons, as against 130 in 1880. For purposes requiring special grades of steel the product of the crucible process will be always in demand, but the high cost of manufacture prevents it, in a majority of instances, from successfully competing in price with the other processes mentioned.

STEPHEXSON, Benjamin, pioneer and early politician, came to Illinois from Kentucky in 1809, and was appointed the first Sheriff of Randolph Count}- by Governor Edwards under the Territorial Government; afterwards served

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as a Colonel of Illinois militia during the War of 1812; represented Illinois Territory as Delegate in Congress, 1814-16, and, on his retirement from Congress, became Register of the Land Office at Edwardsville, finally dying at Edwardsville — Col. James W. (Stephenson), a son of the preceding, was a soldier during the Black Ilawk War, after- wards became a prominent politician in the north- western part of the State, served as Register of the Land Office at Galena and, in 1838, received the Democratic nomination for Governor, but withdrew before the election.

STEPHENSON, (Dr.) Benjamin Franklin, physician and soldier, was born in Wayne County, 111., Oct. 30, 1822, and accompanied his parents, in 1825, to Sangamon County, where the family settled. His early educational advantages were meager, and he did not study his profession (medicine) until after reaching his majority, graduating from Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1850. He began practice at Petersburg, but, in April, 1862, was mustered into the volunteer army as Surgeon of the Fourteenth Illinois Infantry. After a little over two years service he was mustered out in June, 1864, when he took up his residence in Springfield, and, for a year, was engaged in the drug business there. In 1865 he resumed professional practice. He lacked tenac- ity of purpose, liowever, was indifferent to money, and always willing to give his own services and orders for medicine to the poor. Hence, his prac- tice was not lucrative. He was one of the leaders in the organization of the Grand Army of llie Republic (which see), in connection with which he is most widely known ; but his services in its cause failed to receive, during his lifetime, the recognition which they deserved, nor did the organization promptly flourish, as he had hoped. He finally returned with his family to Peters- burg. Died, at Rock Creek, Menard, County, 111., August 30, 1871.

STEPHENSON COUNTY, a northwestern county, with an area of 573 square miles. The soil is rich, productive and well timbered. Fruit- culture and stock-raising are among the chief industries. Not until 1827 did the aborigines quit the locality, and the county was organized, ten years later, and named for Gen. Benjamin Stephenson. A man named Kirker, who had been in the employment of Colonel Gratiot as a lead-miner, near Galena, is said to have built the first cabin within the present limits of what was called Burr Oak Grove, and set himself up as an Indian-trader in 1820, but only remained a short time. He was followed, the next year, by Oliver

W. Kellogg, who took Kirker's place, built a more pretentious dwelling and became the first permanent settler. Later came William Wad- dams, the Montagues, Baker, Kilpatrick, Preston, the Goddards, and others whose names are linked with the county's early history. The first house in Freeport was built by William Baker. Organi- zation was effected in 1837, the total poll being eighty-four votes. The earliest teacher was Nel- son Martin, who is said to have taught a school of some twelve pupils, in a house which stood on the site of the present city of Freeport. Popula- tion (1890), 31,338; (1900), 34,933; (1910), 30, 821.

STERLING, a flourishing city on the njrth bank of Rock River, in Whiteside County, 109 miles west of Chicago, 29 miles east of Clinton, Iowa, and 52 miles east-northeast of Rock Island. It has ample railway facilities, furnished by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, the Sterling & Peoria, and the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- roads. It contains fourteen churches, an opera house, high and grade schools, Carnegie library, Government postoffice building, three banks, electric street and interurban car lines, electric and gas lighting, water-works, paved streets and sidewalks, fire department and four newspaper offices, two issuing daily editions. It has fine water-power, and is an important manufacturing center, its works turning out agricultural imple- ments, carriages, paper, barbed-wire, school furni- ture, burial caskets, pumps, sash, doors, etc. It also has the Sterling Iron Works, besides foundries and machine shops. The river here flows through charming scenery. Pop. (1900), 6,309; (1910), 7,467.

STEVENS, Bradford A., ex-Congressman, was born at Boscawen (afterwards Webster), N. H., Jan. 3, 1813. After attending schools in New Hampshire and at Montreal, he entered Dart- mouth College, graduating therefrom in 1835. During the six years following, he devoted him- self to teaching, at Hopkinsville, Ky., and New York City. In 1843 he removed to Bureau County, 111., where he became a merchant and farmer. In 1868 he was chairman of the Board of Supervisors, and, in 1870, was elected to Con- gress, as an Independent Democrat, for the Fifth District.

STEVENSON, Adlai E., ex-Vice-President of the United States, was born in Christian County, Ky., Oct. 23, 1835. In 1852 he removed with his parents to Bloomington, McLean County, 111., where the family settled; was educated at the Illinois Wesleyan University and at Centre Col- lege, Ky., was admitted to the bar in 18.58 and began practice at Metamora, Woodford County,

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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

where he was Master in Chancery, 1861-65, and State's Attorney, 1865-69. In 1864 he was candi- date for Presidential Elector on the Democratic ticket. In 1869 he returned to Bloomington, where he has since resided. In 1874, and again in 1876, he was an unsuccessful candidate of his party for Congress, but was elected as a Green- back Democrat in 1878, though defeated in 1880 and 1882. In 1877 he was appointed by President Hayes a member of the Board of Visitors to West Point. During the first administration of President Cle%'eland (1885-89) he was First Assist- ant Postmaster General; was a member of the National Democratic Conventions of 1884 and 1892, being Chairman of the Illinois delegation the latter year. In 1892 he received his party's nomination for the Vice-Presidency, and was elected to that office, serving until 1897. Since retiring from office he has resumed his residence at Bloomington.

STEWARD, Lewis, manufacturer and former Congressman, was born in Wayne County, Pa., Nov. 20, 1824, and received a common school education. At the age of 14 he accompanied his parents to Kendall County, 111., where he after- wards resided, being engaged in farming and the manufacture of agricultural implements at Piano. He studied law but never practiced. In 1876 he was an unsuccessful candidate for Gov- ernor on the Democratic ticket, being defeated by Shelby M. CuUom. In 1890 the Democrats of the Eighth Illinois District elected him to Con- gress. In 1892 he was again a candidate, but was defeated by his Republican opponent, Robert A. Childs, by the narrow margin of 27 votes, and, in 1894, was again defeated, this time being pitted against Albert J. Hopkins. Mr. Steward died at his home at Piano, August 26, 1896.

STEWARDSON, a town of Shelby County, at the intersection of the Toledo, St. Louis & Kan- sas City Railway with the Altamont branch of the Wabash, 13 miles southeast of Shelby ville; is in a grain and lumber region ; has a bank and a weekly pajier. Pop. (1900), 677; (1910), 720.

STICKNEY, William H., pioneer lawyer, was born in Baltimore, Md., Nov. 9, 1809, studied law and was admitted to the bar at Cincinnati in 1831, and, in Illinois in 1834, being at that time a resident of Shawneetown; was elected State's Attorney by the Legislature, in 1839, for the cir- cuit embracing some fourteen counties in the southern and southeastern part of 'the State ; for a time also, about 1835-36, officiated as editor of "The Gallatin Democrat," and "The Illinois Advertiser," published at Shawneetown. In 1846

Mr. Stickney was elected to the lower branch of the General Assembly from Gallatin County, and, twenty-eight years later — having come to Chi- cago in 1848 — to the same body from Cook County, serving in the somewhat famous Twenty- ninth Assembly. He also held the office of Police Justice for some thirteen years, from 1860 onward. He lived to an advanced age, dying in Chicago, Feb. 14, 1898, being at the time the oldest surviving member of the Chicago bar.

STILES, Isaac Newton, lawyer and soldier, born at Suffield, Conn., July 16, 1833; was ad- mitted to the bar at Lafayette, Ind., in 1855, became Prosecuting Attorney, a member of the Legislature and an effective speaker in the Fre- mont campaign of 1856; enlisted as a private sol- dier at the beginning of the war, went to the field as Adjutant, was captured at Malvern Hill, and, after six weeks' confinement in Libby prison, exchanged and returned to duty ; was promoted Major, Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, and brevetted Brigadier-General for meritorious service. After the war he practiced his profes- sion in Chicago, though almost totally blind. Died, Jan, 18, 1895.

STILLMAN, Stephen, first State Senator from Sangamon County, 111., was a native of Massachu- setts who came, with his widowed mother, to Sangamon County in 1820, and settled near Williamsville, where he became the first Post- master in the first postoffice in the State north of the Sangamon River. In 1822, Mr. Stillman was elected as the first State Senator from Sangamon County, serving four years, and, at his first session, being one of the opponents of the pro-slavery Convention resolution. He died, in Peoria, some- where between 1835 and 1840.

STILLMAN VALLEY, village in Ogle County, on Chicago Great Western and the Chicago, Mil- waukee & St. Paul Railways; site of first battle Black Hawk War; has graded schools, creameries, a bank and a newsjiaper. Pop. about 400.

STITES, Samuel, pioneer, was born near Mount Bethel, Somerset County, N. J., Oct. 31, 1776; died, August 16, 1839, on his farm, which subsequently became the site of the city of Tren- ton, in Clinton County, 111. He was descended from John Stites, M.D., who was born in Eng- land in 1595, emigi-ated to America, and died at Hempstead, L. I., in 1717, at the age of 123 years. The family removed to New Jersey in the latter part of the seventeenth century. Samuel was a cousin of Benjamin Stites, the first white man to settle within the present limits of Cincinnati, and various members of the family were prominent in

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the ssttlement of the upper Ohio Valley as early as 1788. Samuel Stites married, Sept. 14, 1794, Martha Martin, daughter of Ephraim Martin, and grand- daughter of Col. Ephraim Martin, both soldiers of the New Jersey line during the Revo- lutionary War — with the last named of whom he had (in connection witli Jolm Cleves Symmes) been intimately associated in the purchase and settlement of the Miami Valley. In 1800 he removed to Hamilton County, Ohio, in 1803 to Greene County, and, in 1818, in company with his son-in-law. Anthony Wayne Casad. to St. Clair County, 111., settling near Union Grove. Later, he removed to O'Fallon, and, still later, to Clinton County. He left a large family, several members of which became prominent pioneers in the movements toward Minnesota and Kansas.

STOLBRAND, Carlos John Mueller, soldier, was born in Sweden, May 11, 1821 ; at the age of 18, enlisted in the Royal Artillery of his native land, serving through the campaign of Schleswig- Holstein (1848) ; came to the United States soon after, and, in 1861, enlisted in the first battalion of Illinois Light Artillery, finally becoming Chief of Artillery under Gen. John A. Logan. When the latter became commander of the Fifteenth Army Corps, Col., Stolbrand was placed at the head of the artillery brigade; in February, 1865, was made Brigadier-General, and mustered out in January, 1800. After the war he went South, and was Secretary of the South Carolina Consti- tutional Convention of 1868. The same year he was a delegate to the Republican National Con- vention at Chicago, and a Presidential Elector. He was an inventor and patented various im- provements in steam engines and boilers; was also Superintendent of Public Buildings at Charleston, S. C, under President Harrison. Died, at Charleston, Feb. 3, 1894.

STONE, Daniel, early lawyer and legislator, was a native of Vermont and graduate of Middle- bury College; became a member of the Spring- field (111.) bar in 1833, and, in 1836, was elected to the General Assembly — being one of the cele- brated "Long Nine" from Sangamon County, and joining Abraham Lincoln in his protest against a series of pro-slavery resolutions which had been adopted by the House. In 1837 he was a Circuit Court Judge and, being assigned to the north- western part of the State, removed to Galena, but was legislated out of office, when he left the State, dying a few years later, in Essex County, N. J.

STONE, Horatio 0., pioneer, was born in Ontario (now Monroe) County, N. Y., Jan. 2,

1811 ; in boyhood learned the trade of shoemaker, and later acted as overseer of laborers on the Lackawanna Canal. In 1831, having located in Wayne County, Mich., he was drafted for the Black Hawk War, serving twenty-two days under Gen. Jacob Brown. In January, 1835, he came to Chicago and, having made a fortunate specu- lation in real estate in that early day, a few months later entered upon the grocery and pro- vision trade, which he afterwards extended to grain; finally giving his chief attention to real estate, in which he was remarkably successful, leaving a large fortune at his death, which occurred in Chicago, June 20, 1877.

STONE, (Rev.) Luther, Baptist clergyman, was born in the town of Oxford, Worcester County, Mass., Sept. 26, 1815, and spent his boy- hood on a farm. After acquiring a common school education, he prepared for college at Lei- cester Academy, and, in 1835, entered Brown University, graduating in the class of 1839. He then spent three years at the Tlieological Insti- tute at Newton, Mass. ; was ordained to the ministry at Oxford, in 1843, but, coming west the next year, entered upon evangelical work in Rook Island, Davenport, Burlington and neigh- boring towns. Later, lie was pastor of the First Baptist Cliurch at Rockford, III. In 1847 Mr. Stone came to Chicago and established "The Watchman of the Prairies," which survives to- day under the name of "The Standard," and has become the leading Baptist organ in the West. After six years of editorial work, he took up evangelistic work in Chicago, among the poor and criminal classes. During the Civil War he conducted religious services at Camp Douglas, Soldiers' Rest and the Marine Hospital. He was associated in tlie conduct and promotion of many educational and charitable institutions. He did much for the First Baptist Church of Chicago, and, during the latter years of his life, was attached to the Immanuel Baptist Church, which he labored to establish. Died, in July, 1890.

STONE, Melville E., journalist, banker. Man- ager ot Associated Press, born at Hudson, 111., August 18, 1848. Coming to Chicago in 1860, he graduated from the local high school in 1867, and, in 1870, acquired the sole proprietorship of a foundry and machine shop. Finding himself without resources after the great fire of 1871, he embarked in journalism, rising, through the suc- cessive grades of reporter, city pditor, assistant editor and Washington correspondent, to the position of editor-in-chief of his own journal.

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He was connected with various Chicago dailies between 1871 and 1875, and, on Christmas Day of tlie latter year, issued the first number of "The Chicago Daily News." He gradually disposed of his interest in this journal, entirely severing his connection therewith in 1888. Since that date lie has been engaged in banking in the city of Chicago, and is also General Manager of the Associated Press.

STONE, Samuel, philanthropist, was born at Chesterfield, Mass., Dec. 6, 1798; left an orphan at seven years of age, after a short term in Lei- cester Academy, and several years in a wholesale store in Boston, at the age of 19 removed to Rochester, N. Y., to take charge of interests in the "Holland Purchase," belonging to his father's estate; in 1843-49, was a resident of IDetroit and interested in some of the early railroad enter- prises centering there, but the latter year re- moved to Milwaukee, being there associated with Ezra Cornell in telegraph construction. In 1859 he became a citizen of Chicago, where he was one of the founders of the Chicago Historical Society, and a liberal patron of many enterprises of a public and benevolent character. Died, May 4, 1876.

STOCKTON, a village of Jo Daviess County, on the Chicago Great Western R.R. Pop. (1910), 1,096.

STONISGTOX, a %-inage of Christian County; on the Wabash Railroad in a farming land coal mining district. Pop. (1910), 1,118.

STOREY, Wilbur F., journalist and news- paper publisher, was born at Salisbury, Vt., Dec. 19, 1819. He began to learn the printer's trade at 12, and, before he was 19, was part owner of a Democratic paper called "The Herald," published at La Porte, Ind. Later, he either edited or con- trolled journals published at Mishawaka, Ind., and Jackson and Detroit, Mich. In January, 1861, he became the principal owner of "The Chicago Times," then the leading Democratic organ of Cliicago. His paper soon came to be regarded as the organ of the anti-war party throughout the Northwest, and, in June, 1863, was suppressed by a military order issued by General Burnside, which was subsequently revoked by President Lincoln. The net result was an increase in "The Times' " notoriety and circulation. Other charges, of an equally grave nature, relating to its sources of income, its char- acter as a family newspaper, etc., were repeatedly made, but to all these Mr. Storey turned a deaf ear. He lost heavily in the fire of 1871, but, in 1873, appeared as tlie editor of "The Times," then destitute of political ties About 1876 his

health began to decline. Medical aid failed t© afford relief, and, in August, 1S84, he was ad- judged to be of unsound mind, and his estate was placed in the hands of a conservator. On the 27th of the following October (1884), he died at his home in Chicago.

STORKS, Emery Alexander, lawyer, was born at Hinsdale, Cattaraugus County, X. Y., August 12, 1835 ; began the study of law with his father, later pirrsued a legal course at Buffalo, and, in 1853, was admitted to the bar; spent two years (1857-59) in New York City, the latter year re- moving to Chicago, where he attained great prominence as an advocate at the bar, as well as an orator on other occasions. Politically a Republican, he took an active part in Presidential campaigns, being a delegate-at-large from Illinois to the National Republican Conventions of 1868, '72, and '80, and serving as one of the Vice-Presi- dents in 1872. Erratic in habits and a master of epigram and repartee, many of his speeches are quoted with relish and appreciation by those who were his contemporaries at the Chicago bar. Died suddenly, while in attendance on the Su- preme Court at Ottawa, Sept. 12, 1885.

STRAW>', Jacob, agriculturist and stock- dealer, born in Somerset County, Pa., May 80, 1800 ; removed to Licking County, Ohio, in 1817, and to Illinois, in 1831, settling four miles south- west of Jacksonville. He was one of the first to demonstrate the possibilities of Illinois as a live- stock state. LTnpretentious and despising mere show, he illustrated the virtues of industry, fru- gality and honesty. At his death — which occurred August 23, 1865 — he left an estate estimated in value at about §1,000,000, acquired by industry and business enterprise. He was a zealous Unionist during tlie war, at one time contributing 810,000 to the Christian Commission.

STREATOR, a city (laid out in 1868 and incor- porated in 1882) in the southern part of La Salle County, 93 miles southwest of Chicago; situated on the Vermilion River and a central point for five railroads. It is surrounded by a rich agri- cultural country, and is underlaid by coal seams (two of wliich are worked) and by shale and various clay products of value, adapted to the manufacture of fire and building-brick, drain- pipe, etc. The city is thoroughly modern, having gas, electric lighting, street railways, water- works, a good fire-department, and a large, im- proved public park. Churclies and schools are numerous, as are also fine public and private buildings. One of the cliief industries is the manufacture of glass, including rolled-plate,

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window-glass, flint and Boliemian ware and glass bottles. Other successful industries are foundries and machine shops, flour mills, and clay working establishments. There are several banks, and three daily and weekly papers are published here. The estimated property valuation, in 188-i, was §13,000,000. Streator boasts some handsome public buildings, especiall}- the (iovernment post- ofiice and the Carnegie public library building, both of wiiich have been erected within the past few years. Pop. (1S90), 11,414; (1910), 14,253.

STREET, Joseph M., pioneer and early politi- cian, settled at Shawneetown about 1813, coming from Kentucky, though believed to have been a native of Eastern Virginia. In 1837 he was a Brigadier-General of militia, and appears to liave been prominent in the affairs of that section of the State. His correspondence with Governor Edwards, about this time, shows him to have been a man of far more than ordinary education, with a good opinion of his merits and capabilities. He was a most persistent applicant for office, making urgent appeals to Governor Edwards, Henry Clay and other politicians in Kentuckj^ Virginia and Washington, on the ground of his poverty and large family. In 1827 he received the offer of the clerkship of the new county of Peoria, but, on visiting that region, was disgusted with the prospect; returning to Shawneetown, bought a farm in Sangamon Count}-, but, before the close of the year, was appointed Indian Agent at Prairie du Chien. This was during the difficul- ties with the Winnebago Indians, upon which he made voluminous reports to the Secretary of War. Mr. Street was a son-in-law of Gen. Thomas Pose}-, a Revolutionary soldier, who was prominent in the early history of Indiana and its last Territorial Governor. (See Posey, (Gen.) Tliomas.)

STREETER, Alsoii J., farmer and politician, was born in Rensselaer County, N. Y., in 1833; at the age of two years accompanied his father to Illinois, the family settling at Dixon, Lee County, He attended Knox College for three years, and, in 1849, went to California, where he spent two years in gold mining. Returning to Illinois, he purchased a farm of 240 acres near New Windsor, Mercer County, to which he has since added sev- eral thousand acres. In 1873 he was elected to the lower house of the Twenty-eighth General Assembly as a Democrat, but, in 1873, allied him- self with the Greenback party, w-hose candidate for Congress lie was in 1878, and for Governor in 1880, when he received nearly 3,000 votes more than his party's Presidential nominee, in Illinois.

In 1884 he was elected State Senator by a coali- tion of Greenbackers and Democrats in the Twenty-fourth Senatorial District, but acted as an independent during his term. Died Nov. 24, 1901. STRONG, William Emerson, soldier, was born at Granville, N. Y., in 1810 ; from 13 years of age, spent his early life in Wisconsin, studied law and w-as admitted to the bar at Racine in 1861. The same year he enlisted under the first call for troops, took part, as Captain of a Wisconsin Com- pany, in the first battle of Bull Run; was afterwards promoted and assigned to duty as Inspector-General in the West, participated in the Vicksburg and Atlanta campaigns, being finally advanced to the rank of Brigadier-Gen- eral. After some fifteen months spent in the position of Inspector-General of the Freedmen's Bureau (186.5-66), he located in Chicago, and became connected with several important busi- ness enterprises, besides assisting, as an officer on the staff of Governor Culloni, in the organization of the Illinois National Guard. He was elected on the first Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, and, while making a tour of Europe in the interest of that enterprise, died, at Florence, Italy, April 10, 1891.

STUART, Jolin Todd, lawyer and Congress- man, born near Lexington, Ky., Nov. 10, 1807 — the son of Robert Stuart, a Presbyterian minister and Professor of Languages in Transylvania University, and related, on the maternal side, to the Todd family, of %vhoni Mrs. Abraham Lincoln was a member. He graduated at Centre College, Danville, in 1826, and, after studying law-, re- moved to Springfield, 111., in 1828, and began practice. In 1S32 he was elected Representative in the General Assembly, re-elected in 1834, and, in 1836, defeated, as the Whigcandidate for Con- gress, by Wni. L. May, though elected, two years later, over Stephen A. Douglas, and again in 1840. In 1837, Abraham Lincoln, who had been studying law under Mr. Stuart's adA-ice and instruction, became his partner, the relation- ship continuing until 1841. He served in the State Senate, 1849-53, was the Bell-Everett candidate for Governor in 1860, and was elected to Congress, as a Democrat, for a third time, in 1862, but, in 1864, was defeated by Shelby M. CuUom, his former pupil. During the latter years of his life, Mr. Stuart was head of the law firm of Stuart, Edwards & Brown. Died, at Springfield. Nov. 28, 1885.

STURGES, Solomon, merchant and banker, was born at Fairfield, Conn., April 21, 1796, early manifested a passion for the sea and, in 1810,

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made a voyage, on a vessel of which his brother was captain, from New York to Georgetown, D. C, intending to continue it to Lisbon. At Georgetown he was induced to accept a position as clerli with a Mr. Williams, where he was associated with two other youths, as fellow-em- ployes, who became eminent bankers and capitalists— W. W. Corcoran, afterwards the well-known banker of Washington, and George W. Peabody, who had a successful banking career in England, and won a name as one of the most liberal and public-spirited of philanthropists. During the War of 1812 young Sturges joined a volunteer infantry company, where he had, for comrades, George W. Peabody and Francis S. Key, the latter author of the popular national song, "The Star Spangled Banner." In 1814 Mr. Sturges accepted a clerkship in the store of his brother-in-law, Ebenezer Buckingham, at Put- nam, Muskingum County, Ohio, two years later becoming a partner in the concern, where he developed that business capacity which laid the foundation for his future wealth. Before steam- ers navigated the waters of the Ohio and Missis- sippi Rivers, he piloted flat-boats, loaded with produce and merchandise, to New Orleans, return- ing overland. During one of his visits to that city, he witnessed the arrival of the "Washing- ton," the first steamer to descend the Mississippi, as, in 1817, he saw the arrival of the "Walk-in- the- Water" at Detroit, the first steamer to arrive from Buffalo — the occasion of his visit to Detroit being to carry funds to General Cass to pay off the United States troops. About 1849 lie was associated with the construction of the Wabash & Erie Canal, from the Ohio River to Terre Haute, Ind., advancing money for the prosecution of the work, for which was reimbursed by the State. In 1854 he came to Cliicago, and, in partnership with his brothers-in-law, C. P. and Alvah Buck- ingham, erected the first large grain-elevator in that city, on land leased from the Illinois Central Railroad Company, following it, two years later, by another of equal capacity. For a time, sub- stantially all the grain coming into Chicago, by railroad, passed into these elevators. In 1857 he established the private banking house of Solomon Sturges & Sons, which, shortly after his death, imder the management of his son, George Stur- ges, became the Northwestern National Bank of Chicago. He was intensely patriotic and, on the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, used of his means freely in support of the Govern- ment, equipping the Sturges Rifles, an independ- ent company, at a cost of §20,000. He was also a

subscriber to the first loan made by the Govern- ment, during this period, taking §100,000 in Government bonds. While devoted to his busi- ness, he was a hater of shams and corruption, and contributed freely to Christian and benevolent enterprises. Died, at the home of a daughter, at Zanesville, Ohio, Oct. 14, 1864, leaving a large fortune acquired by legitimate trade.

STURTEV ANT, Julian Munson, D.D., LL.D., clergj-man and educator, was bom at Warren, Litchfield County, Conn., July 26, 1805; spent his youth in Summit County, Ohio, meanwhile pre- paring for college ; in 1822, entered Yale College as the classmate of the celebrated Elizur Wright, graduating in 1826. After two years as Princi- pal of an academj' at Canaan, Conn., he entered Yale Divinity School, graduating there in 1829; then came west, and, after spending a year in superintending the erection of buildings, in De- cember, 1830, as sole tutor, began instruction to a class of nine pupils in what is now Illinois Col- lege, at Jacksonville. Having been joined, the following year, by Dr. Edward Beecher as Presi- dent, Mr. Sturtevant assumed the chair of Mathe- matics, Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, which he retained until 1844, when, by the retirement of Dr. Beecher, he succeeded to the offices of President and Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy. Here he labored, inces- santly and unselfishly, as a teacher during term time, and, as financial agent during vacations, in the interest of the institution of which he had been one of the chief founders, serving until 1876, when he resigned the Presidency, giving his attention, for the next ten years, to the duties of Professor of Mental Science and Science of Gov- ernment, which he had discharged from 1870. In 1886 he retired from the institution entirely, having given to its service fifty-six years of his life. In 1863, Dr. Sturtevant visited Europe in the interest of the Union cause, delivering effec- tive addresses at a nun^ber of points in England. He was a frequent contributor to the weekly religious and periodical press, and was the author of "Economics, or the Science of Wealth" (1876) — a text-book on political economy, and "Keys of Sect, or the Church of the New Testament" (1879), besides frequently occupying the pulpits of local and distant churches — having been early ordained a Congregational minister. He received the degree of D.D. from the University of Mis- souri and that of LL.D. from Iowa University. Died, in Jacksonville, Feb. 11, 1886.— Julian M. (Sturtevant). Jr., son of the preceding, was born at Jacksonville, 111.. Feb. 2, 1834; fitted for col-

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lege in the preparatory department of Illinois College and graduated from the college (proper) in 1854. After leaving college he served as teacher in the Jacksonville public schools one year, then spent a year as tutor in Illinois Col- lege, when he began the study of theology at Andover Theological Seminary, graduating there in 1859, meanwhile having discharged the duties of Chaplain of the Connecticut State's prison in 1858. He was ordained a minister of the Con- gregational Church at Hannibal, Mo., in 1860, remaining as pastor in that city nine years. He has since been engaged in pastoral work in New York City (1869-70), Ottawa, 111., (1870-73) ; Den- ver, Colo., (1873-77); Grinnell, Iowa, (1877-84); Cleveland, Ohio, (1884-90); Galesburg, 111., (1890-93), and Aurora, (1893-97). Since leaving the Congregational church at Aurora, Dr. Sturte- vant has been engaged in pastoral work in Chi- cago. He was also editor of "The Congrega- tionalist" of Iowa (1881-84), and, at different periods, has served as Trustee of Colorado, Marietta and Knox Colleges; being still an honored member of the Knox College Board. He received the degree of D.D, from Illinois College, in 1879.

STROJitiHURST, a \illage of Henderson County on the A., T. & S. F. R. R. ; in rich agricultural dis- trict; has a bank and weekly paper. Pop. (1910), 762.

SUFFRAtiE, in general, the right or privilege of voting. The qualifications of electors (or Voters), in the choice of public officers in Illinois, are fixed by the State Constitution (Art. VII.), except as to school officers, which are prescribed by law. Under the State Constitution the exer- cise of the right to vote is limited to persons who were electors at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of 1848, or who are native or natu- ralized male citizens of the United States, of the age of 21 years or over, who have been residents of the State one year, of the county ninety days, and of the district (or precinct) in which they offer to vote, 30 days. Under an act passed in 1891, women, of 21 years of age and upwards, are entitled to vote for school officers, and are also eligible to such offices under the same conditions, as to age and residence, as male citizens. (See Elections; Australian Ballot.)

SULLIVAN, a city and county-seat of Moultrie County, 25 miles southeast of Decatur and 14 miles northwest of Mattoon ; is on three lines of railway. It is in an agricultural and stock-rais- ing region; contains two State banks, flour and plan- ing mills and three weekly newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,468; (1900), 2,399; (1910), 2,621.

SULLIVAN, Vl'^illiam K., journalist, was born at Waterford, Ireland, Nov. 10, 1843 ; educated £.(, the Waterford Model School and in Dublin ; came to the United States in 1863, and, after teaching for a time in Kane County, in 1804 enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteers. Then, after a brief season spent in teaching and on a visit to his native land, he began work as a reporter on New York papers, later being employed on "The Chicago Tribune" and "The Evening Journal," on the latter, at different times, holding the position of city edi- tor, managing editor and correspondent. He was also a Representative from Cook County in the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, for three years a member of the Chicago Board of Edu- cation, and appointed United States Consul to the Bermudas by President Harrison, resigning in 1892. Died, in Chicago, January 17, 1899.

SULLIVAXT, Michael Lucas, agriculturist, was born at Franklinton (a suburb of Columbus, Ohio), August 6, 1807; was educated at Ohio University and Centre College, Ky., and— after being engaged in the improvement of an immense tract of land inherited from his father near his birth-place, devoting much attention, meanwhile, to the raising of improved stock — in 1854 sold his Ohio lands and bought 80,000 acres, chiefly in Champaign and Piatt Counties, 111., where he began farming on a larger scale than before. The enterjjrise proved a financial failure, and he was finally compelled to sell a considerable portion of his estate in Champaign County, known as Broad Lands, to John T. Alexander (see Alexander, John T.), retiring to a farm of 40,000 acres at Burr Oaks, 111. He died, at Henderson, Ky., Jan. 29, 1879.

SUMMIT, a village m Cook County on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, 11 miles southwest of Cliicago, in a farming and popular residence dis- trict. Pop. (1910), 949.

SUMNER, a city of Lawrence County, on the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, 19 miles west of Vincennes, Ind. ; has a fine scliool house, four churches, two banks, two flour mills, tele- pliones, and one weekly newspaper. Pop. (1890), 1,037; (1900), 1,268; (1910), 1,413.

SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUC- TION. The oflfice of State Superintendent of Public Instruction was created by act of the Legislature, at a special session held in 1854, its duties previous to that time, from 1845, having beAi discharged by the Secretary of State as Superintendent, ex-officio. The following is a list of the incumbents from the date of the formal

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creation of the office down to the present time (1911), with the date and duration of term of each Ninian W. Edwards (by appointment of the Governor), 1854-57; William H. Powell (by election), 1857-59; Newton Bateman, 1859-63; John P. Brooks, 1863-65; Newton Bateman, 1865-75; Samuel W. Etter, 1875-79; James P. Slade, 1879-83; Henry Raab, 1883-87; Richard Edwards, 1887-91; Henry Raab, 1891-95; Samuel M. Inglis, 1895-98; James H. Freeman, June, 1898, to January, 1899 (by appointment of the Governor, to fill the imexpired term of Prof. Inglis, who died in office, June 1, 1898) ; Alfred Bayliss, 1899-1907; Francis G. Blair, 1907—.

Previous to 1870 the tenure of the office was two j'ears, but, by the Constitution adopted that year, it was extended to four years, the elections occurring on the even years between those for Governor and other State officers except State Treasurer.

SUPREME COURT, JUDGES OF THE. The following is a list of Justices of the Supreme Court of Illinois who have held office since the organization of the State Government, with the period of tlieir respective incumbencies: Joseph Phillips. 1818-23 (resigned); Thomas C. Browne, 1818 48 (term expired on adoption of new Con- stitution); William P. Foster, Oct. 9, 1818, to July 7, 1819 (resigned), John Reynolds, 1818-25; Thomas Reynolds (vice Phillips), 1833-25; Wil- liam Wilson (vice Foster) 1819-48 (term expired on adoption of new Constitution) ; Samuel D Lockwood, 1825-48 (term expired on adoption of new Constitution) ; Theophilus W. Smitli, 1825-43 (resigned); Thomas Ford, Feb. 15, 1841, to Au- gust 1, 1843 (resigned) ; Sidney Breese, Feb. 15, 1841, to Dec. 19, 1843 (resigned) — also (by re-elec- tions), 1857-78 (died in office) ; Walter B. Scates, 1841-47 (resigned)— also (vice Trumbull), 1854-57 (resigned); Samuel H. Treat, 1841-55 (resigned); Stephen A. Douglas, 1841-43 (resigned); John D. Caton (vice Ford) August, 1843, to March, 1843— also (vice Robinson and by successive re-elec- tions), May, 1843 to January, 1864 (resigned) ; James Semple (vice Breese), Jan. 14, 1843, to April 16, 1843 (resigned) ; Richard M. Young (vice Smith), 1843-47 (resigned) ; John M. Robinson (vice Ford), Jan. 14, 1843, to April 27, 1843 (died in office); Jesse B. Thomas, Jr., (vice Douglas), 1843-45 (resigned)— also (vice Young), 1847-48; James Shields (vice Semple), 1843-45 (resigned); Norman II. Purple (vice Thomas), 1843-48 (retired under Constitution of 1848) ; Gustavus Koerner (vice Shields), 1845-48 (retired by Constitution); William A. Denning (vice Scates), 1847-48 (re-

tired by Constitution) ; Lyman Trumbull, 1848-53 (resigned); Ozias C. Skinner (vice Treat), 1855-58 (resigned); Pinkney II. Walker (vice Skinner), 1858-85 (deceased); Corydon Beckwith (by ap- pointment, vice Caton), Jan. 7, 1864, to June 6, 1864; Charles B. Lawrence (one term), 1864-78; Anthony Thornton, 1870-73 (resigned); John M. Scott (two terms), 1870-88 ; Benjamin R. Sheldon (two terms), 1870-88; William K. McAllister, 1870-75 (resigned) ; John Scholfield (vice Tliorn- ton), 1873 93 (died); T. Lyle Dickey (vice McAllister), 1875-85 (died); David J. Baker (ap- pointed, vice Breese), July 9, 1878, to June 2, 1879— also, 1888-97; John H. Mulkey. 1879-88; Damon G. Tunnicliffe (appointed, vice Walker), Feb. 15, 1885, to June 1, 1885; Simeon P. Shope, 1885-94, Joseph M. Bailey, 1888-95 (died in office), Alfred M. Craig, 1873-1900; Jesse J. Phillips (vice Scholfield), 1893-1901 (deceased); Joseph N. Carter, 1894-1903; James B. Ricks (vice-Phillips), 1901-06; Carroll C. Boggs, 1897-1906; Benjamin M. Magruder, 188.5-1906; Jacob W. Wilkin, 1888-1907 (deceased); Guy C. Scott, 1903-09 (deceased). The following are the present incumbents (1911) arranged in order of Districts, with period for which each has been elected: Alonzo K. Vickers; William H. Farmer, 1906-15; Frank H. Dunn (\-ice Wilkin), 1907-15; George A. Cooke (vice Scott), 1909-12; John P. Hand, 1900-18; James H. Cartwright (\'ice Bailey), 1895-15; Orrin N. Carter, 1906-15. Under the Constitution of ISIS, Justices of the Supreme Court were chosen by joint ballot of the Legis- lature, but under the Constitutions of 1S4S and 1870, by popular vote for terms of nine years each. (See Judicid System; also s'-;etches of individual members of the Supreme Court under their proper names )

SURVEYS, EARLY GOVERINMENT. The first United States law passed on the subject of Gov- ernment surveys was dated. May 20, 1785. After reserving certain lands to be allotted by way of pensions and to be donated for school purposes, it provided for the division of the remaining pub- lic lands among the original thirteen States. This, however, was, in effect, repealed by the Ordi- nance of 1788. The latter provided for a rectan- gular system of surveys which, with but little modification, has remained in force ever since. Briefly outlined, the system is as follows: Town- ships, six miles square, are laid out from principal bases, each township containing thirty-six sec- tions of one square mile, numbered consecutively, the numeration to commence at the upper right hand corner of the township. The first principal meridian (84° 51' west of Green%vioh), coincided

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with the line dividing Indiana and Ohio. The second (1° 37' farther west) had direct relation to surveys in Eastern Illinois. The third (89° 10' 30" west of Greenwich) and the fourth (90° 29' 56" west) governed the remainder of Illinois sur- veys. The first Public Surveyor was Thomas Hutchins, who was called "the geographer." (See Hutchins, Thomas.)

SWEET, (Gen.) Benjamin J., soldier, was born at Kirkland, Oneida County, N. Y., April 24, 1833; came with his father, in 1848, to Sheboy- gan, Wis., studied law, was elected to the State Senate in 1859, and, in 1861, enlisted in the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers, being commissioned Major in 1863. Later, he resigned and, returning home, assisted in the organization of the Twenty-first and Twenty-second regiments, being elected Colonel of the former; and with it taking part in the campaign in Western Kentucky and Tennes- see. In 18C3 he was assigned to command at Camp Douglas, and was there on the exposure, in November, 1864, of the conspiracy to release the rebel prisoners. (See Camp Douglas Conspir- acy.) The service which he rendered in the defeat of this bold and dangerous conspiracy evinced his courage and sagacity, and was of inestimable value to tlie country. After the war, General Sweet located at Lombard, near Chicago, was appointed Pension Agent at Chi- cago, afterwards served as Supervisor of Internal Revenue, and, in 1872, became Deputy Commis- sioner of Internal Revenue at Washington. Died, in Washington, Jan. 1, 1874. — Miss Ada C. (Sweet), for eight years (1874-82) the eflScient Pension Agent at Chicago, is General Sweet's daughter.

SWEETSER, A. C, soldier and Department Commander G. A. R., was born in Oxford Count}'. Maine, in 1839; came to Bloomington, 111., in 1857; enlisted at the beginning of the Civil War in the Eighth Illinois Volunteers and, later, in the Tliirty-ninth , at the battle of Wierbottom Church, Va , in June, 1864, was shot through both legs, necessitating the amputation of one of them. After the war he held several offices of trust, including those of City Collector of Bloom injjton and Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue for the Springfield District, in 1887 was elected Department Comniander of the Grand Army of the Republic for Illinois. Died, at Bloomington, March 23, 1896.

SWETT, Leonard, lawyer, was born near Turner, Maine, August 11. 1S23, was educated at Waterville College (now Colby University), but left before graduation , read law in Portland, and,

wliile seeking a location in the West, enlisted in an Indiana regiment for the Mexican War, being attacked by climatic fever, was discharged before completmg his term of enlistment. He soon after came to Bloomington, 111., where he became the intimate friend of Abraham Lincoln and David Davis, traveling the circuit with them for a number of years. He early became active in State politics, was a member of the Republican State Convention of 1856, was elected to the lower house of the General Assembly in 1858, and, in 1860, was a zealous siipporter of Mr. Lin- coln as a Presidential Elector for the State-at- large. In 1863 he received the Republican nomination for Congress in Ids District, but was defeated. Removing to Chicago in 1865, he gained increased distinction as a lawyer, espe- cially in the management of criminal cases. In 1873 he was a supporter of Horace Greeley for President, but later returned to the Republican party, and, in the National Republican Conven- tion of 1888, presented the name of Judge Gresham for nomination for the Presidency. Died, June 8, 1880.

SWIGERT, Charles Philip, ex- Auditor of Pub- lic Accounts, was born in the Province of Baden, Germany. Nov. 27, 1843, brought by Ids parents to Chicago, 111., in childliood, and, in his boy- hood, attended the Scammon School in that city. In 1854 his family removed to a farm in Kanka- kee County, where, between the ages of 12 and 18, he assisted his father in "breaking" between 400 and 500 acres of prairie land. On the break- ing out of the war, in 1861, although scarcely 18 years of age, he enlisted as a private in the Forty- second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and, in April, 1863, was one of twenty heroic volunteers who ran the blockade, on the gunboat Carondelet, at Island No. 10, assisting materially in the reduc- tion of that rebel stronghold, which resulted in the capture of 7,000 prisoners. At the battle of Farmington, Miss., during the siege of Corinth, in May, 1863, he had his right arm torn from its socket by a six-pound cannon-ball, compelling his retirement from the army. Returning home, after many weeks spent in hospital at Jefferson Barracks and Quincy, III, he received his final discharge, Dee. 21, 1863, spent a year in school, also took a course in Bryant & Stratton's Com- ]nercial College in Chicago, and having learned to write with his left hand, taught for a time in Kankakee County ; served as letter-carrier in Chi- cago, and for a year as Deputy County Clerk of Kankakee County, followed by two terms (1867- 69) as a student in the Soldiers" College at Fulton,

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111. The latter year he entered upon the duties of Treasurer of Kankakee County, serving, by successive re-elections, vmtil 1880, when he re- signed to take the position of State Auditor, to which he was elected a second time in 1884. In all these positions Mr. Swigert has proved him- self an upright, capable and high-minded public official. During his later j-ears his residence was in Chicago, where he died June 30, 1903.

SWING, (ReT.) David, clergyman and pulpit orator, was born of German ancestry, at Cincin- nati, Ohio, August as, 1836. After 1837 (his father dying about this time), the family resided for a time at Reedsburgh, and, later, on a farm near Williamsburgh, in Clermont Count}', in the same State. In 18.52, having graduated from the Miami (Ohio) Universitj', he commenced the study of theology, but, in 1854, accepted the position of Professor of Languages in his Alma Mater, which he continued to fill for thirteen years. His first pastorate was in connection with the Westminster Presbyterian Church of Chi- cago, which he assumed in 1866. His church edifice was destroyed in the great Chicago fire, but was .later rebuilt. As a preacher he was popular ; but, in April, 1874, he was placed on trial, before an ecclesiastical court of his own denomi- nation, on charges of lieresy. lie was acquitted by the trial court, but, before the appeal taken by the prosecution could be heard, he personally withdrew from affiliation with the denomination. Shortly afterward he became pastor of an inde- pendent religious organization known as the "Central Church," preaching, first at McVicker's Theatre and, afterward, at Central Music Hall, Chicago. He was a fluent and popular speaker on all themes, a frequent and valued contributor to numerous magazines, as well as the author of several volumes. Among his best known books are "Motives of Life," "Truths for To-day," and "Club Essays." Died, in Chicago, Oct. 8, 1894.

SYCAMORE, the county-seat of De Kalb County (founded in 1836), 56 miles west of Chi- cago, at the intersection of the Chicago & North- western and the Chicago Great Western Rail- roads; lies in a region devoted to agriculture, dairying and stock-raising. The city itself con- tains several factories, the principal products being agricultural implements, flour, insulated wire, brick, tile, varnish, furniture, soap and carriages and wagons. There are also works for canning vegetables and fruit, besides two creamer- ies. The town is lighted by electricity, and has high-pressure water-works. There are several churches, graded public schools, two weekly

papers and a young ladies' seminarj'. Population (1900), 3,653; (1910), 3,926.

TAFT, Lorado, sculptor, was born at Elmwood, Peoria County, 111., April 29, 1860; at an early age evinced a predilection for sculpture and began modeling; graduated at the University of Illinois in 1880, then went to Paris and studied sculpture in the famous Ecole des Beaux Arts until 188.5. The following year he settled in Chi cago, flnally becoming associated with the Chi- cago Art Institute. He has been a lecturer on art in the Chicago University. Mr. Taft fur- nished the decorations of the Horticultural Build- ing on the World's Fair Grounds, in 1893.

TALCOTTj 3Iancel, business man, was born in Rome, X. Y., Oct. 12, 1817; attended the com- mon schools until 17 years of age, when he set out for the AVest, traveling on foot from Detroit to Chicago, and thence to Park Ridge, where he worked at farming vmtil 1850. Then, having followed the occupation of a miner for some time, in California, with some success, he united with Horace M. Singer in establishing the firm of Singer & Talcott, stone-dealers, which lasted dur- ing most of his life. He served as a member of the Chicago City Council, on the Board of County Commissioners, as a member of the Police Board, and was one of the founders of the Fir.st National Bank, and President, for several years, of the Stock Yards National Bank. Liberal and public- spirited, he contributed freely to works of charity. Died, June 5, 1878.

TALCOTT, (Capt.) William, soldier of the War of 1812 and pioneer, was born in Gilead, Conn., March 6, 1774; emigrated to Rome, Oneida County, N. Y., in 1810, and engaged in farming; served as a Lieutenant in the Oneida County militia during the AVar of 1812-14, being stationed at Sackett's Harbor under the command of Gen. Winfield Scott. In 1835, in company with his eldest son, Thomas B. Talcott, he made an ex- tended tour through the West, finally selecting a location in Illinois at the junction of Rock River and the Pecatonica, where the town of Rockton now stands— there being onlj' two white families, at that time, within the present limits of Winne- bago County. Two years later (1837), he brought his family to this point, with his sons took up a considerable body of Government land and erected two mills, to which customers came from a long distance. In 1838 Captain Talcott took part in the organization of the first Congre- gational Church in that section of the State. A zealous anti-slavery min, he supported James G.

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Birney (the Liberty candidate for President) in 1844, continuing to act with that party until the organization of tlie Republican party in 1856; was deeply interested in the War for the Union, but died before its conclusion, Sept. 2, 1864. — Maj. Thomas B. (Talcott), oldest son of the pre- ceding, was born at Hebron, Conn , April 17, 1806; was taken to Rome, N. Y., by his father in infancy, and, after reaching maturity, engaged in mercantile business with his brother in Che- mung County ; in 1835 accompanied his father in a tour through the West, finally locating at Rockton, where he engaged in agriculture. On the organization of Winnebago County, in 1836, he was elected one of the first County Commis- sioners, and, in 1850, to the State Senate, serving four years. He also held various local offices. Died, Sept. 30, 1894.— Hon. Wait (Talcott), second son of Capt. William Talcott, was born at He- bron, Conn., Oct. IT, 1807, and taken to Rome, N. Y., where he remained until his 19th year, when he engaged in business at Booneville and, still later, in Utica ; in 1838, removed to Illinois and ■ joined his fatiier at Rockton, finally becoming a citizen of Rockford, where, in his later years, he was extensively engaged in manu- facturing, having become, in 1854, with his brother Sylvester, a partner of the firm of J. H. Manny & Co., in the manufacture of the Manny reaper and mower. He was an original anti- slavery man and, at one time,a Free-Soil candidate for Congress, but became a zealous Republican and ardent friend of Abraham Lincoln, whom he employed as an attorney in the famous suit of McCormick vs. the Manny Reaper Company for infringement of patent. In 1854 he was elected to the State Senate, succeeding his brother, Thomas B., and was the first Collector of Internal Revenue in the Second District, appointed by Mr. Lincoln in 1863, and continuing in office some five years. Though too old for active service in the field, during the Civil War, he voluntarily hired a substitute to take his place. Mr. Talcott was one of the original incorporators and Trus- tees of Beloit College, and a founder of Rockford Female Seminary, remaining a trustee of each for many years. Died, June 7, 1890. — SylTester (Talcott), third son of William Talcott, born at Rome, N. Y., Oct. 14, 1810; when of age, engaged in mercantile business in Chemung Count}' ; in 1837 removed, with other members of the family, to Winnebago County, 111., where he joined his father in the entry of Government lands and tlie erection of mills, as already detailed. He became one of the first Justices of the Peace in Winne-

bago County, also served as Supervisor for a number of years and, although a farmer, became interested, in 1854, with his brother Wait, in the Manny Reaper Company at Rockford. He also followed the example of his brother, just named, in furnishing a substitute for the War of the Rebellion, though too old for service himself Died, June 19, 1885.— Henry Walter (Talcott), fourth son of William Talcott, was born at Rome, N. Y., Feb. 13, 1814; came with his father to Winnebago County, 111. , in 1835, and was connected with his father and brothers in busi- ness. Died, Dec. 9, 1870.— Dwight Lewis (Tal- cott), oldest son of Henry Walter Talcott, born in Winnebago County; at the age of 17 years enlisted at Belvidere, in January, 1864, as a soldier in the Ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry ; served as provost guard some two months at Fort Picker- ing, near Memphis, and later took part in many of the important battles of that year in Missis- sippi and Tennessee. Having been captured at CampbellsvIUe, Tenn., he was taken to Anderson- ville, Ga., where he suffered all the horrors of that famous prison-pen, until March, 1865, when he was released, arriving at home a helpless skeleton, the day after Abraham Lincoln's assas- sination. Mr. Talcott subsequently settled in Muscatine County, Iowa.

TALLULA, a prosperous village of Menard County, on the Jacksonville branch of the Chi- cago & Alton Railway, 24 miles northeast of Jacksonville; is in the midst of a grain, coal- mining, and stock-growing region; has a local bank and newspaper. Pop. (1900), 639; (1910), 742.

TAMAROA, a village in Perry County, situated at the junction of the Illinois Central with the Wabash. Chester & Western Railroad, 8 miles north of Duquoin, and 57 miles east-southeast of Belleville. It has a bank, a newspaper office, a large public school, five churches and two flour- ing mills. Coal is mined here and exported in large quantities. Pop. (1900), 8.53; (1910), 910.

TAMAROA & MOUNT YEIINON RAILROAD. (See Wabasli, Chester & Western Railroad. )

TANNER, Edward Allen, clergyman and edu- cator, was born of New England ancestry, at Waverly, 111., Nov. 29, 1837— being the first child who could claim nativity there; was educated in the local schools and at Illinois College, graduating from the latter in 1857; spent four years teaching in his native place and at Jack- sonville; then accepted the Professorship of Latin in Pacific University at Portland, Oregon, remaining four j-ears, when he returned to his Alma Mater (1865), assuming there the chair of

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Latin and Rhetoric. In 1881 he was appointed financial agent of the latter institution, and, in 1882, its President. While in Oregon he had been ordained a minister of the Congregational Church, and, for a considerable period during his connection with Illinois College, officiated as Chaplain of the Central Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville, besides supplying local and other pulpits. He labored earnestly for the benefit of the institution under his charge, and, during his incumbency, added materially to its endowment and resources. Died, at Jackson- ville, Feb. 8, 1892.

TAXNER, Jolin R., Governor, was born in Warrick Coimty, Ind., April 4, 1844, and brought to Southern Illinois in boyhood, where he grew up on a farm in the vicinity of Carbondale, enjoying only such educational advantages as were afforded by the common school ; in 1863, at the age of 19, enlisted in the Ninety-eightli Illi- nois Volunteers, serving until June, 1865, when he was transferred to the Sixty-first, and finally mustered out in September following. All the male members of Governor Tanner's family were soldiers of the late war, his father dying in a rebel prison at Columbus, Miss. , one of his bro- thers suffering the same fate from wounds at Nash- ville, Tenn., and another brother dying in hospital at Pine Bluff, Ark. Only one of this patriotic family, besides Governor Tanner, still survives — Mr. J. M. Tanner of Clay Coimty, who left the service with the rank of Lieutenant of the Thir- teenth Illinois Cavalry. Returning from the war, Mr. Tanner established himself in business as a farmer in Clay County, later engaging suc- cessfully in the milling and lumber business as the partner of his brother. The public positions held by him, since the war, include those of Sheriff of Clay County (1870-72), Clerk of the Cir- cuit Court (1873-76), and State Senator (1880-83). During the latter year he received the appoint- ment of United States Marshal for the Southern District of Illinois, serving until after the acces- sion of President Cleveland in 1885. In 1886. he was the Republican nominee for State Treasurer and was elected by an unusually large majority ; in 1891 was appointed, by Governor Fifer, a member of the Railroad and Warehouse Commis- sion, but, in 1893, received the appointment of Assistant United States Treasurer at Chicago, continuing in the latter office until December, 1893. For ten years (1874-84) he was a member of the Republican State Central Committee, re- turning to that body in 1894, when he was chosen Chairman and conducted the campaign which

resulted in the unprecedented Republican suc- cesses of that year. In 1896 he received the nomination of his party for Governor, and was elected over Gov. John P. Altgeld, his Demo- cratic opponent, by a plurality of over 113,000. Died after expiration of his term, May 23, 1901.

TAJfNER, Tazewell B., jurist, was born in Henry County, Va., and came to Jefferson County, III, about 1846 or '47, at first taking a position as teacher and Superintendent of Public Schools. Later, he was connected with "The Jeffersonian," a Democratic paper at Mount Ver- non, and, in 1849, went to the gold regions of California, meeting with reasonable success as a miner. Returning in a year or two, he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, and, while in the discharge of his duties, prosecuted the study of law, finally, on admission to the bar, entering into partnership with the late Col. Thomas S. Casey. In 1854 he was elected Representative in the Nineteenth General Assembly, and was in- strumental in securing the appropriation for the erection of a Supreme Court building at Mount Vernon. In 1862 he served as a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of that year; was elected Circuit Judge in 1873, and, in 1877, was assigned to duty on the Appellate bench, but, at the expiration of his term, declined a re-election and resumed the practice of his profession at Mount Vernon. Died, March 25, 1880.

TAXATION, in its legal sense, the mode of raising revenue. In its general sense its purposes are the support of the State and local govern- ments, the promotion of the public good by fostering education and works of public improve- ment, the protection of society by the preser- vation of order and the punishment of crime, and the support of the helpless and destitute. In practice, and as ijrescribed by the Constitution, the raising of revenue is required to be done "by levj-ing a tax by valuation, so that every person and corporation shall pay a tax in proportion to the value of his, her or its property — such value to be ascertained by some per.son or persons, to be elected or appointed in such manner as the Gen- eral Assembly shall direct, and not otherwise." (State Constitution, 1870 — Art. Revenue, Sec. 1.) The person selected under the law to make this valuation is the Assessor of the county or tlie township (in counties under township organiza- tion), and he is required to make a return to the County Board at its July meeting each j-ear — the latter having authority to hear complaints of tax- payers and adjust inequalities when found to exist. It is made the duty of the Assessor to

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include in his return, as real-estate, all lands and the buildings or other improvements erected thereon; and, under the head of personal prop- erty, all tangible effects, besides moneys, credits, bonds or stocks, shares of stock of companies or corporations, investnrents, annuities, franchises, royalties, etc. Property used for school, church or cemetery purposes, as well as public buildings and other property belonging to the State and General Government, municipalities, public cliarities, public libraries, agricultural and scien- tific societies, are declared exempt. Nominally, all property subject to taxation is required to be assessed at its cash valuation ; but, in reality, the valuation, of late years, has been on a basis of twenty-five to thirty-three per cent of its esti- mated cash value. In the larger cities, however, the valuation is often much lower tlian this, while very large amounts escape assessment altogether. The Revenue Act, passed at the special session of the Fortieth General Assembly (1898), requires the Assessor to make a return of all property subject to taxation in his district, at its cash valuation, upon which a Board of Review fixes a tax on the basis of twenty per cent of such cash valuation. An abstract of the property assessment of each county goes before the State Board of Equalization, at its annual meeting in August, for the purpose of comparison and equal- izing valuations between counties, but the Board has no power to modify the assessments of indi- vidual tax-payers. (See State Board of Equali- zation.) This Board has exclusive power to fix the valuation for purposes of taxation of the capital stock or franchises of companies (except certain specified manufacturing corporations) , in- corporated under the State laws, together with the "railroad track" and "rolling stock" of railroads, and the capital stock of railroads and telegraph lines, and to fix the distribution of the latter between counties in which they lie. — The Consti- tution of 1848 empowered the Legislature to impose a capitation tax, of not less than fifty cents nor more than one dollar, upon eacli free white male citizen entitled to the right of suf- frage, between the ages of 31 and 60 years, but the Constitution of 1870 grants no such jjower, though it authorizes the extension of the "objects and subjects of taxation" in accordance with the principle contained in the first section of the Revenue Article. — Special assessments in cities, for the construction of sewers, pavements, etc., being local and in the form of benefits, cannot be said to come under the head of general tax- ation. The same is to be said of revenue derived

from fines and penalties, which are forms of jjunishnient for specific offenses, and go to the benefit of certain specified funds.

TAYLOR, Abner, ex-Congressman, was a native of Maine, and a resident of Chicago. He had been in active business all his life as contractor, builder and merchant, and, for some time, a member of the wholesale dry-goods firm of J. V. Farwell & Co. , of Chicago. He was a member of tlie Tliirty- fourth General Assembly, a delegate to the National Republican Convention of 1884, and represented the First Illinois District in the Fifty- first and Fifty -second Congresses, 1889 to 1893. He was one of the contractors for the erection of the new State Capitol of Texas. Died April 13, 1903.

TAYLOR, Benjamin Friinklin, journalist, poet and lecturer, was born at Lowville, N. Y , July 19, 1819; graduated at Madison University in 1839, the next year becoming literary and dra- matic critic of "The Chicago Evening Journal." Here, in a few years, he acquired a wide reputa- tion as a journalist and poet, and was much in demand as a lecturer on literary topics. His letters from the field during the Rebellion, as war correspondent of "The Evening Journal," won for him even a greater popularity, and were complimented by translation into more than one European language. After the war, he gave his attention more unreservedlj' to literature, his principal works appearing after tliat date. His publications in book form, including both prose and poetry, comprise the following: "Attractions of Language" (1845); "January and June" (1853); "Pictures in Camp and Field" (1871); "The World on Wheels" (1873); "Old Time Pic- tures and Sheaves of Rhyme" (1874); "Songs of Yesterday" (1877); "Summer Savory Gleaned from Rural Nooks" (1879); "Between the Gates" — pictures of California life — (1881); "Dulce Domum, the Burden of Song" (1884), and "Theo- philus Trent, or Old Times in the Oak Openings, ' ' a novel (1887). The last was in the hands of the publishers at his death, Feb. 27, 1887. Among his most popular poems are "The Isle of the Long Ago," "The Old Village Choir," and "Rhymes of the River." "The London Times" complimented Mr. Taylor witli the title of "The Oliver Gold- smith of America."

TAYLOR, Edmund Dick, early Indian-trader and legislator, was born at Fairfield C. H. , Va.. Oct. 18, 1803 — the son of a commissary in the army of the Revolution, under General Greene, and a cousin of General (later. President) Zachary Taylor; left his native State in his j'outh and, at an early day, came to Springfield, 111., where he

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opened an Indian-trading post and general store ; was elected from Sangamon County to the lower branch of the Seventh General Assembly (1830) and re-elected in 1832 — the latter year being a competitor of Abraham Lincoln, whom lie defeated. In 1834 he was elected to the State Senate and, at the next session of the Legislature, was one of the celebrated "Loug> Nine" who secured the removal of the State Capital to Springfield. He resigned before the close of liis term to accept, from President Jackson, the ap- pointment of Receiver of Public Moneys at Chi- cago. Here he became one of the promoters of the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad (1837), serving as one of the Commissioners to secure subscriptions of stock, and was also active in advocating the construction of the Illinois & Michigan Canal. The title of "Colonel," by which he was known during most of his life, was acquired by service, with that rank, on the staff of Gov. John Reynolds, during the Black Hawk War of 1833. After coming to Chicago, Colonel Taylor became one of the Trustees of the Cliicago branch of the State Bank, and was later identified with various banking enterprises, as also a some- what extensive operator in real estate. An active Democrat in the early part of his career in Illi- nois. Colonel Taylor was one of the members of his party to take ground against the Kansas-Neb raska bill in 1854, and advocated the election of General Bissell to the governorship in 18.'j6. In 18G0 he was again in line with his party in sup- port of Senator Douglas for the Presidency, and was an opponent of the war policy of the Govern- ment still later, as shown by his participation in the celebrated "Peace Convention" at Spring- field, of June 17, 1863. In the latter years of his life he became extensively interested in coal lands in La Salle and adjoining counties, and, for a considerable time, served as President of the Northern Illinois Coal & Mining Company, his home, during a part of this period, being at Mendota. Died, in Chicago, Dec. 4, 1891.

TAYLORVILLE, a city and county-seat of Christian County, on the South Fork of the San- gamon River and on the Wabash Railway at its point of intersection with the Springfield Division of the B. & O. Southwestern; also C. I. & M. It is about 27 miles southeast of Springfield, and 28 miles southwest of Decatur. It has five banks, flour mills, paper mill, electric light and gas plants, water-works, two coal mines, carriage and wagon shops, a brick manufactory, two daily and weekly papers, nine churches and five graded schools and a township high school. Much

coal is mined in this vicinity. Pop. (1900), 4,248; (1910), 5,446.

TAZEWELL COUNTY, a central county on the Illinois River; was first settled in 1823 and organized in 1827 ; has an area of G50 square miles — was named for Governor Tazewell of Virginia. It is drained by the Illinois and Mackinaw Rivers and traversed by several lines of railway. The surface is generally level, the soil alluvial and rich, but, requiring drainage, especially on the river bottoms. Gravel, coal and sandstone are found, but, generally speaking, Tazewell is an agricultural county. The cereals are extensively cultivated; wool is also clipped, and there are dairy interests of some importance. Distilling is extensively conducted at Pekin, the county-seat, which is also the seat of other mechanical indus- tries. (See also Pekin.) Population of the county (1890), 29,.5.5ri: (1900), 33,221; (1910). 34,027

TEMPLE, John Taylor, M.D., early Chicago physician, born in Virginia in 1804, graduated in medicine at Middlebury College, Vt. , in 1830, and, in 1833, arrived in Chicago. At this time he had a contract for carrying the United States mail from Chicago to Fort Howard, near Green Bay, and the following year undertook a similar con- tract between Chicago and Ottawa. Having sold these out three }'ears later, he devoted his atten- tion to the practice of his profession, though interested, for a time, in contracts for the con- struction of the Illinois & Michigan Canal. Dr. Temple was instrumental in erecting the first house (after Rev. Jesse Walker's missionary station at Wolf Point), for public religious worship in Chicago, and, although himself a Baptist, it was used in common bj' Protestant denominations. He was a member of the first Board of Trustees of Rush Medical College, though he later became a convert to homeopathy, and finally, removing to St. Louis, assisted in founding the St. Louis School of Homeopathy, dying there, Feb. 24, 1877.

TEX U RE OF OFFICE. (See Elections.)

TERRE HAUTE, ALTON & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD. (See St. Louis, Alton <& Terre Hemic Railroad.)

TERRE HAUTE & ALTON RAILROAD (See St. Louis. Alton cfc Terre Haute Railroad.)

TERRE HAUTE & INDIANAPOLIS RAIL- ROAD, a corporation operating no line of its own within the State, but the lessee and operator of the following lines (which see): St. Louis, Vandalia & Terre Haute, l.')8.3 miles; Terre Haute & Peoria, 145.12 miles: East St, Louis & Carondelet, 12.74 miles — total length of leased

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lines in Illinois, 316.16 miles. The Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad was incorporated in Indiana in 1847, as the Terre Haute & Rich- mond, completed a line between the points named in the title, in 18D2, and took its present name in 1866. The Pennsylvania Railroad Com- pany purchased a controlling interest in its stock in 1893.

TERRE HAUTE & PEORIA RAILROAD, (Vandalia Line), a line of road extending from Terre Haute, Ind. ,.to Peoria, 111., 14.5.13 miles, with 28.78 miles of trackage, making in all 173.9 miles in operation, all being in Illinois — operated by the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad Com- pany. The gauge is standard, and the rails are steel. (History. ) It was organized Feb. 7, 1887, successor to the Illinois Midland Railroad. The latter was made up by the consolidation (Nov. 4, 1874) of three lines; (1) The Peoria, Atlanta & Decatur Railroad, chartered in 1869 and opened in 1874; (2) the Paris & Decatur Railroad, chartered in 1861 and opened in December, 1872 ; and (3) the Paris & Terre Haute Railroad, chartered in 1873 and opened in 1874 — the consolidated lines assuming the name of the Illinois Midland Rail- road. In 1886 the Illinois Midland was sold under foreclosure and, in February, 1887, reorganized as the Terre Haute & Peoria Railroad. In 1893 it was leased for ninet3'-nine years to the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad Company, and is operated as a part of the "Vandalia System."' The capital stock (1898) was $3,764,200; funded debt, $2, 280, 000, total capital invested, §6,227,481. ■ TETJTOPOLIS, a village of Eflfingham County, on the ^'andalia Railroad line, four miles east of Effingham, is a strictly agricultural region and was originally settled by a colon}' of Germans from Cincinnati. Population (1900), 498; (1910), 592.

THOMAS, Horace H., lawyer and legislator, was born in Vermont, Dec. 18, 1831, graduated at Middlebury College, and, after admission to the bar, removed to Chicago, where he commenced practice. At the outbreak of the rebellion he enlisted and was commissioned Assistant Adju- tant-General of the Army of the Ohio. At the close of the war he took up his residence in Ten- nessee, serving as Quartermaster upon the staff of Governor Brownlow. In 1867 he returned to Chicago and resumed practice. He was elected a Representative in the Legislature in 1878 and re-elected in 1880, being chosen Speaker of the House during his latter term. In 1888 he was elected State Senator from the Sixth District, serving during the sessions of the Thirty-sixth

and Thirtj'-seventh General As.semblies. In 1897, General Thomas was appointed United States Appraiser in connection with the Custom House in Chicago. Died March 17, 1904.

THOMAS, Jesse Burgess, jurist and United States Senator, was born at Hagerstown, Md., claiming direct descent from Lord Baltimore. Taken west in childhood, he grew to manhood and settled at Lawrenceburg, Indiana Territory, in 1803; in 1805 was Speaker of the Territorial Legislature and, later, represented the Territory as Delegate in Congress. On the organization of Illinois Territory (which he had favored), he removed to Kaskaskia, was appointed one of the first Judges for the new Territory, and, in 1818, as Delegate from St. Clair County, presided over the first State Constitutional Convention, and, on the admission of the State, became one of the first United States Senators — Governor Edwards being his colleague. Though an avowed advo- cate of slavery, he gained no little prominence as the author of the celebrated "Missouri Com- promise," adopted in 1820. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1823, serving until 1829. He sub- sequently removed to Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he died by suicide. May 4, 1853.— Jesse Burgess (Thomas), Jr., nephew of the United States Sena- tor of the same name, was born at Lebanon, Ohio, July 31, 1806, was educated at Transylvania University, and, being admitted to the bar, located at Edwardsville, 111. He first appeared in connection with public affairs as Secretary of the State Senate in 1830, being re-elected in 1832 ; in 1834 was elected Representative in the General Assembly from Madison County, but, in Febru- ary following, was appointed Attorney-General, serving only one year. He afterwards held the position of Circuit Judge (1837-39), his home being then in Springfield; in 1843 he became Associ- ate Justice of the Supreme Court, by appointment of the Governor, as successor to Stephen A, Doug- las, and was afterwards elected to the same office by the Legislature, remaining until 1848. During a part of his professional career he was the partner of David Prickett and "William L. May, at Springfield, and afterwards a member of the Galena bar, finally removing to Chicago, where he died, Feb. 21, 1850.— Jesse B. (Thomas) third, clergyman and son of the last named ; born at Edwardsville, 111., July 29, 1832; educated at Kenyon College, Ohio,' and Rochester (N. Y.) Theological Seminary ; practiced law for a time in Chicago, but finally entered the Baptist minis- try, serving churches at Waukegan, 111., Brook- lyn, N. Y., and San Francisco (1862-69). He

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then became pastor of the Michigan Avenue Bap- tist Church, in Chicago, remaining until 1874, when he returned to Brooklyn. In 1887 he became Professor of Biblical History in the Theological Seminary at Newton, Mass., where he has since resided. He is the author of several volumes, and, in 1866, received the degree of D.D. from the old University of Chicago.

THOMAS, John, pioneer and soldier of the Black Hawk War, was born in Wythe County, Va., Jan. 11, 1800. At the age of 18 he accom- panied his parents to St. Clair County, 111., where the family located in what was then called the Alexander settlement, near the present site of Shiloh. When he was 23 he rented a farm (although he had not enough money to buy a horse) and married. Six years later he bought and stocked a farm, and, from that time forward, rapidly accumulated real property, until he became one of the most extensive owners of farm- ing land in St. Clair County. In early life he was fond of military exercise, holding various offices in local organizations and serving as a Colonel in the Black Hawk War. In 1834 he was one of the leaders of the party opposed to the amendment of tlie State Constitution to sanction slavery, was a zealous opponent of the Kansas- Nebraska bill in 1854, and a firm supporter of the Republican party from the date of its formation. He was elected to the lower house of the General Assembly in 1838, '63, "64, "73 and "74; and to the State Senate in 1878, serving four years in the latter body. Died, at Belleville, Dec. 16, 1894, in the 9.5th j'ear of his age.

THOMAS, John R., ex-Congressman, was born at Mount Vernon, 111., Oct. 11, 1846. He served in the Union Army during the War of the Rebel- lion, rising from the ranks to a captaincy. iVfter his return home he studied law, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1869. From 1873 to 1876 he was State's Attorney, and, from 1879 to 1889, repre- sented his District in Congress. In 1897, Mr. Thomas was appointed by President McKiuley an additional United States District Judge for Indian Territory. His home is now at Vanita, in that Territory.

THOMAS, ^Villiam, pioneer lawyer and legis- lator, was born in what is now Allen County, Ky., Nov. 23, 1803; received a rudimentary edu- cation, and served as deputy of his father (who was Sheriff'), and afterwards of the County Clerk ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1823 ; in 1826 removed to Jacksonville, 111., where he taught school, served as a private in the Winne- bago War (1827), and at the session of 1828-29,

reported the proceedings of the General Assem- bly for "The Vandalia Intelligencer"; was State's Attorney and School Commissioner of Morgan County; served as Quartermaster and Commis- sary in the Black Hawk War (1831-32), first under Gen. Joseph Duncan and, a j^ear later, under General Whiteside ; in 1839 was appointed Circuit Judge, but legislated out of office two years later. It was as a member of the Legislature, however, that he gained the greatest prominence, first as State Senator in 1834-40, and Representative in 1846-48 and 1850-52, when he was especially influ- ential in the legislation which resulted in estab- lishing the institutions for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, and the Hospital for the Insane (the first in the State) at Jacksonville — serving, for a time, as a member of the Board of Trustees of the latter. He was also prominent in connec- tion with many enterprises of a local character, including the establishment of the Illinois Fenrale College, to which, although without children of his own, he was a liberal contributor. During the first year of the war he was a member of the Board of Armj- Auditors by appointment of Gov- ernor Yates. Died, at Jacksonville, August 23, 1889.

THORXTOX, Anthony, jurist, was born in Bourbon County, Ky., Nov. 9, 1814 — being descended from a Virginia family. After the usual primary instruction in the common scliools, he spent two years in a high school at Gallatin, Tenn., when he entered Centre College at Dan- ville, Ky., afterwards continuing his studies at Miami University, Ohio, where he graduated in 1834. Having studied law with an uncle at Paris, Kj'., he was licensed to practice in 1836, when he left his native State with a view to set- tling in Missouri, but, visiting his uncle, Gen. William F. Thornton, at Shelby ville. 111., was induced to establish himself in practice there. He served as a member of tlie State Constitutional Conventions of 1847 and 1863, and as Represent- ative in the Seventeenth General Assembly (1850-53) for Shelby County. In 1864 he was elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and, in 1870, to the Illinois Supreme Court, but served only until 1873, when he resigned. In 1879 Judge Thornton removed to Decatur, 111., but subsequent!)' returned to Shelbyville, where hL' aic'd Sept. 10, 1904.

THORNTON, William Fitzhugh, Commissioner of the Illinois & Jlicliigan Canal, was born in Hanover County, Va., Oct. 4, 1789; in 1806, went to Alexandria, Va. , where he conducted a drug business for a time, also acting as associate

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editor of "The Alexandria Gazette." Subse- quently removing to Washington Cit}', he con- ducted a paper there in the interest of John Quincy Adams for the Presidency. During the War of 1812-14 he served as a Captain of cavalry, and, for a time, as staff-officer of General Winder. On occasion of the visit of Marquis La Fayette to America (1824-25) he accompanied the distin- guished Frenchman from Baltimore to Rich- mond. In 1829 he removed to Kentucky, and, in 1833, to Shelby ville. III, where he soon after engaged in mercantile business, to which he added a banking and brokerage business in 1859, with which he was actively associated until his death. In 1836, lie was appointed, by Governor Duncan, one of the Commissioners of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, serving as President of the Board until 1842. In 1840, he made a visit to London, as financial agent of the State, in the interest of the Canal, and succeeded in making a sale of bonds to the amount of 81,000,000 on what were then considered favorable terms. General Thornton was an ardent Whig until the organi- zation of the Republican part}', when he became a Democrat. Died, at Shelbyville, Oct. 21, 1873.

TILLSON, John, pioneer, was born at Halifax, Mass., March 13, 179G; came to Illinois in 1819, locating at Hillsboro, Montgomery County, where he became a prominent and enterprising operator in real estate, doing a large business for eastern parties; was one of the founders of Hillsboro Academy and an influential and liberal friend of Illinois College, being a Trustee of the latter from its establishment until his death ; was sup- ported in the Legislature of 1827 for State Treas- urer, but defeated by James Hall. Died, at Peoria, May 11, 1853.— Christiana Holmes (Till- son), wife of the preceding, was born at Kingston, Mass., Oct. 10, 1798; married to John Tillson in 1822, and immediately came to Illinois to reside; was a woman of rare culture and refinement, and deeply interested in benevolent enterprises. Died, in New York City, May 29, 1872,— Charles Holmes (Tillson), son of John and Christiana Holmes Tillson, was born at Hillsboro, 111., Sept. 15, 1823; educated at Hillsboro Academy and Illinois College, graduating from the latter in 1844; studied law in St. Louis and at Transyl- vania University, was admitted to the bar in St. Louis and practiced there some years — also served several terms in the City Council, and was a member of the National Guard of Missouri in the War of tlie Rebellion. Died, Nov. 25, 1865.— John (Tillson), Jr., another son, was born at

Hillsboro, 111., Oct. 12, 1825; educated at Hills- boro Academy and Illinois College, but did not graduate from the latter ; graduated from Tran- sylvania Law School, Ky., in 1847, and was admitted to the bar at Quincy, 111., the same year; practiced two years at Galena, when he returned to Quincy. In 1861 he enlisted in the Tenth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, became its Lieutenant-Colonel, on tlie ijromotiou of Col. J. D. Morgan to Brigadier-General, was advanced to the colonelcy, and, in Julj', 1865, was mustered out with the rank of brevet Brigadier-General; for two 5'ears later held a commission as Captain in the regular army. During a portion of 1869-70 he was editor of "The Quincy Whig"; in 1873 was elected Representative in the Twenty -eighth General Assembly to succeed Nehemiah Bushnell, who had died in office, and, during the same year, was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Quincy District, serving until 1881. Died, August 6, 1892.

TILLSON, Robert, pioneer, was born in Hali- fax County, Mass., August 12, 1800; came to Illi- nois in 1823, and was employed, for several years, as a clerk in the land agency of liis brother, John Tillson, at Hillsboro. In 1826 he engaged in the mercantile business with Charles Holmes, Jr., in St. Louis, but, in 1828, removed to Quincy, 111., where he opened the first general store in that city; also served as Postmaster for some ten years During this period he built the first two- story frame building erected in Quincy, up to that date. Retiring from the mercantile business in 1810 he engaged in real estate, ultimately becoming the proprietor of considerable property of this character ; was also a contractor for fur- nishing cavalry accouterments to the Government during the war. Soon after the war he erected one of the handsomest business blocks existing in the city at that time. Died, in Quincy, Dec. 27, 1892.

TIXCHER, John L., banker, was born in Ken- tucky in 1821 ; brought by his parents to Vermil- ion County, Ind., in 1829, and left an orphan at 17; attended school in Coles County, 111, and was employed as clerk in a store at Danville, 1843-53. He then became a member of the firm of Tinch:r & English, merchants, later establish- ing a bsak, wliich became the First National Bank of Danville. In 1864 Mr Tincher was elected Representative in tlie Twenty-fourth General Assembly and, two years later, to the Senate, being re-elected in 1870. He was also a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1869-70. Died, in Springfield, Dec. 17, 1871,

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wliile in attendance on the adjourned session of that year.

TIPTON, Thomas F., lawyer and jurist, was born in Franklin County, Ohio, August 29, 1833 ; and was a resident oi McLean County, 111., from the age of 10 years, his last home being in Bloomington. He was admitted to the bar in 1857, and, from January, 1867, to December, 1808, was State's Attorney for the Eighth Judicial Circuit. In 1870 he was elected Judge of the same circuit, and under the new Constitution, was chosen Judge of the new Fourteenth Circuit. From 1877 to 1879 he represented the (then) Thirteenth Illinois District in Congress, but, in 1878, was defeated by Adlai E. Stevenson, the Democratic nominee. In 1891 he was re-elected to a seat on the Circuit bench for the Bloomington Circuit, but resumed practice at the expiration of his term in 1897. Died Feb. 7, 1904.

TISKILWA, a village of Bureau County, on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, 7 miles southwest of Princeton; has creameries and cheese factories, churches, school, library, water- works, bank and a newspaper. Pop. (1910), 857.

TODD, (Col.) John, soldier, was born in Mont- gomery County, Pa., in 1750; took part in the battle of Point Pleasant, Va., in 1774, as Adju- tant-General of General Lewis; settled as a lawyer at Fincastle, Va., and, in 1775, removed to Fayette County, Ky., the next year locating near Lexington. He was one of the first two Delegates from Kentucky County to the Virginia House of Burgesses, and, in 1778, accompanied Col. George Rogers Clark on his expedition against Kaskaskia and Vincennes. In Decem- ber, 1778, he was appointed by Gov. Patrick Henry, Lieutenant Commandant of Illinois County, embracing the region northwest of the Ohio River, serving two years; in 1780, was again a member of the Virginia Legislature, where he procured grants of land for public schools and introduced a bill for negro-emancipation. He was killed by Indians, at the battle of Blue Licks, Ky., August 19, 1782.

TODD, (Dr.) John, physician, born near Lex- ington, Ky., April 27, 1787, was one of the earli- est giaduates of Transylvania University, also graduating at the Medical University of Pliila- delphia ; was appointed Surgeon-General of Ken- tucky troops in the War of 1812, and captured at tne battle of River Raisin. Returning to Lex- ington after his release, he practiced there and at Bardstown, removed to Edwardsville, 111., in 1817, and, in 1827, to Springfield, where he had been appointed Register of the Land Office by

President John Quincy Adams, but was reraoved by Jackson in 1829. Dr. Todd continued to reside at Springfield imtil his deatli, which occurred, Jan. 9, 1865. He was a grandson of John Todd, who was appointed Commandant of Illinois County by Gov. Patrick Henry in 1778, and an uncle of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln. — John Itlair Smith (Todd), son of the preceding, was born at Lexington, Ky., April 4, 1814; came with his father to Illinois in 1817 ; graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1837, serving after- wards in the Florida and Mexican wars and on the frontier; resigned, and was an Indian-trader in Dakota, 1856-61 ; the latter year, took his seat as a Delegate in Congress from Dakota, then served as Brigadier-General of Volun- teers, 1861-62; was again Delegate in Congress in 1863-65, Speaker of the Dakota Legislature in 1867, and Governor of the Territory, 1869-71. Died, at Yankton City, Jan. 5, 1872.

TOLEDO, a village and the county-seat of Cumberland County, on the Illinois Central Rail- road ; founded in 1854 ; has five churches, a graded school, two banks, creamery, flour mill, elevator, and two weekly newspapers. There are no consider- able manufactories, the leading industry in the surrounding country being agriculture. Pop. (1900), SIS; (1910), 900.

TOLEDO, CINCIJrfiATI & ST. LOUIS RAIL- ROAD. (See Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas Citg Hailroad.)

TOLEDO, PEORIA & WARSAW RAILROAD. (See Toledo. Peoria &• Western Raihray.)

TOLEDO, PEORIA & WESTERN RAILROAD. (See Toledo. Peoria &• Western Railicay.)

TOLEDO, PEORIA & WESTERN RAILWAY, a line of railroad wholl)- within the State of Illi- nois, extending from Effner, at the Indiana State line, west to the Mississippi River at Warsaw. The length of the whole line is 230.7 miles, owned entirely by the company. It is made up of a division from Effner to Peoria (110.9 miles) — which is practically an air-line throughout nearly its entire length — and the Peoria and Warsaw Division (108,8 miles) with branches from La Harpe to Iowa Junction (10.4 miles) and 0.6 of a mile connecting with the Keokuk bridge at Hamilton. — (History.) The original charter for this line was granted, in 18G3, under the name of the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Railroad ; the main line was completed in 1868, and the La Harpe & Iowa Junction branch in 1873. Default was made in 1873. the road sold under foreclosure, in 1880. and reorganized as the Toledo. Peoria & Western Railroad, and the line leased for 49^

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years to the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Company. The latter defaulted in July, 18.S4, and, a year later, the Toledo, Peoria & Western was transferred to trustees for the first mortgage bond-holders, was sold under foreclosure in October, 1886, and, in March, 1887, the present company, under the name of the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway Company, was organized for the purpose of taking over the property. In 1893 the Pennsylvania Railroad Company obtained a controlling interest in the stock, and, in 1894, an agreement, for joint ownership and management, was entered into between that corporation and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Com- pany. The total capitalization, in 1898, was $9,713,433, of which $4,076,900 was in stock and $4,895,000 in bonds.

TOLEDO, ST. LOUIS & KANSAS CITY RAIL- ROAD. This line crosses the State in a northeast direction from East St. Louis to Humrick, near the Indiana State line, with Toledo as its eastern terminus. The length of the entire line is 4.50.73 miles, of which 17914 miles are operated in Illi- nois.— -(History.) The Illinois portion of the line grew out of the union of charters granted to the Tuscola, Charleston & Vincennes and the Charleston, Neoga & St. Louis Railroad Com- panies, which were consolidated in 1881 with certain Indiana lines under the name of the Toledo, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad. During 1883 a narrow-gauge road was constructed from Ridge Farm, in Vermilion County, to East St. Louis (172 miles). In 1885 this was sold under foreclosure and, in June, 1886, consolidated with the main line under the name of the Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Railroad. The whole line was changed to standard gauge in 1887-89, and otherwise materially improved, but, in 1893, went into the hands of receivers. Plans of re- organization have been under consideration, but the receivers were still in control in 1898.

TOLEDO, WABASH & WESTERN RAIL- ROAD. (See Wabash Railroad.)

TOLONO, a village in Champaign County, situ- ated at the intersection of the ^^■abash and the Illinois Central Railroads, 9 miles south of Cham- paign and 37 miles east-northeast of Decatur. It is the business center of a prosperous agricultural region. The town has several churches, a graded school, a bank, some manufactories and a weekly newspaper; much grain is shipped here. Pop. (1890), 902; (1900), 845; (1910), 700.

TOLUCA, a city of Marshall County, on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and the Toluca, Marquette & Northern R. Rs., 10 miles southwest

of Wenona; has two coal mines and two weekly papers. Pop. (1910), 2,407.

TONTY, Chevalier Henry de, explorer and sol- dier, bom at Gaeta. Italy; about 1650 What is now known as the Tontine system of insurance undoubtedl}- originated with his father. The younger Tonty was adventurous, and, even as a youth, took part in numerous land and naval encounters. In the course of his experience he lost a hand, which was replaced by an iron or copper substitute. He embarked with La Salle in 1678, and aided in the construction of a fort at Niagara. He advanced into tlie country of the Illinois and established friendly relations with them, only to witness the defeat of his putative savage allies by the Iroquois. After various encounters (chiefly under the direction of La Salle) with the Indians in Illinois, he returned to Green Bay in 1681. The same year — under La Salle's orders — he began the erection of Fort St. Louis, on what is now called "Starved Rock" in La Salle County. In 1683 he descended the Mis- sissippi to its mouth, with La Salle, but was ordered back to Mackinaw for assistance. In 1684 he returned to Illinois and successfully repulsed the Iroquois from Fort St. Louis. In 1686 he again descended the Mississippi in search of La Salle. Disheartened by the death of his commander and the loss of his early comrades, he took up his residence with the Illinois Indians. Among them he was found by Iberville in 1700, as a hunter and fur-trader. He died, in Mobile, in September, 1704. He was La Salle's most effi- cient coadjutor, and next to his ill-fated leader, did more than any other of the early French explorers to make Illinois known to .the civilized world.

TOPOGRAPHY. Illinois is, generally speak- ing, an elevated table-land. If low water at Cairo be adopted as the maximum depression, and the summits of the two ridges hereinafter men- tioned as the highest points of elevation, the alti- tude of this table land above the sea-level varies from 300 to 850 feet, the mean elevation being about 600 feet. The State has no mountain chains, and its few hills are probably the result of unequal denudation during the drift epoch. In some localities, particularly in tlie valley of tlie upper Mississippi, the streams have cut channels from 200 to 300 feet deep tlirough the nearly horizontal strata, and here are found pre- cipitous scarps, but, for the most part, the fundamental rocks are covered by a thick layer of detrital material. In the northwest there is a broken tract of uneven ground; the central por-

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tion of the State is almost wholly flat prairie, and, in the alluvial lands in the State, there are many deep valle.ys, eroded by the action of streams. The surface generally slopes toward the south and southwest, but the uniformity is broken by two ridges, which cross the State, one in either extremity. The northern ridge crosses the Rock River at Grand Detour and the Illinois at Split Rock, with an extreme altitude of 800 to 850 feet above sea level, though the altitude of Mount Morris, in Ogle County, exceeds 900 feet. That in the south consists of a range of hills in the latitude of Jonesboro, and extending from Shawneetown to Grand Tower. These hills are also about 800 feet above the level of the ocean. The highest point in the State is in Jo Daviess County, just south of the Wisconsin State line (near Scale's Mound) reaching an elevation of 1,257 feet above sea-level, while the highest in the south is in the northeast corner of Pope Coimty — 1,046 feet — a spur of the Ozark moun- tains. The following statistics regarding eleva- tions are taken from a report of Prof. C. W. Rolfe, of the University of Illinois, based on observations made under the auspices of the Illi- nois Board of World's Fair Commissioners : The lowest gauge of the Ohio river, at its mouth (above sea-level), is 268.58 feet, and the mean level of Lake Michigan at Chicago 581.28 feet. The altitudes of a few prominent points are as follows: Highest point in Jackson County, 695 feet; "Bald Knob" in Union County, 983; high- est point in Cook County (Barrington), 818 ; in La Salle County (Mendota), 747; in Livingston (Strawn), 770; in Will (Monee), 804; in Pike (Arden), 790; in Lake (Lake Zurich), 880; in Bureau, 910; in Boone, 1,010; in Lee (Carnahan), 1.017; in Stephen.son (Waddam's Grove), 1,018; in Kane (Briar Hill), 974; in Winnebago, 985. The elevations of important towns are : Peoria, 465; Jacksonville, 602; Springfield, 596; Gales- burg, 755; Joliet, 537; Rockford, 728; Blooming- ton, 821. Outside of the immediate valleys of the streams, and a few isolated groves or copses, little timber is found in the northern and central portions of the State, and such growth as there is, lacks the thriftiness characteristic of the for- ests in the Oliio valley. These forests cover a belt extending some sixty miles north of Cairo, and, while they generally include few coniferous trees, they abound in various species of oak, black and white walnut, white and yellow pop- lar, ash, elm, sugar-maple, linden, honey locust, Cottonwood, mulberry, sycamore, pecan, persim- mon, and (in the immediate valley of the Ohio)

the cypress. From a commercial point of view, Illinois loses nothing through the lack of timbei- over three-fourths of the State's area. Chicago is an accessible market for the product of the forests of the upper lakes, so that the supply of lumber is ample, while extensive coal-fields sup- ply abundant fuel. The rich soil of the prairies, with its abundance of organic matter (see Geo- logical Formations), more than compensates for the want of pine forests, whose soil is ill adapted to agriculture. About two-thirds of the entire boundary of the State consists of navigable waters. These, with their tributary streams, ensure sufficient drainage.

T0REE3VS LAND TITLE SYSTEM. A system for the registration of titles to, and incumbrances upon, land, as well as transfers thereof, intended to remove all unnecessary obstructions to the cheap, simple and safe sale, acquisition and transfer of realty. The system has been in suc- cessful operation in Canada, Australia, New Zea- land and British Columbia for many years, and it is also in force in some States in the American Union. An act providing for its introduction into Illinois was first passed by the Twenty- ninth General Assembly, and approved, June 13, 1895. The final legislation in reference tliereto was enacted b}- the succeeding Legislature, and was approved, May 1, 1897. It is far more elabo- rate in its consideration of details, and is believed to be, in many respects, much better adapted to accomplish the ends in view, than was the origi- nal act of 1895. The law is applicable only to counties of the first and second class, and can be adopted in no county except by a vote of a majority of the qualified voters of the same — the vote "for" or "against" to be taken at either the November or Ajiril elections, or at an election for the choice of Judges. Thus far the only county to adopt the system has been Cook, and there it encountered strong opposition on the part of certain parties of influence and wealth. After its adoption, a test case was brought, rais- ing the question of the constitutionality of the act. The issue was taken to the Supreme Court, which tribunal finally upheld the law.— The Torrens system substitutes a certificate of regis- tration and of transfer for the more elaborate deeds and mortgages in use for centuries. Under it there can be no actual transfer of a title until the same is entered upon the public land regis- ter, kept in the office of the Registrar, in which case the deed or mortgage becomes a mere power of attorney to authorize the transfer to be made, upon the principle of an ordinarj' stock transfer.

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or of the registration of a United States bond, the actual transfer and public notice thereof being simultaneous. A brief synopsis of the pro- visions of the Illinois statute is given below: Recorders of deeds are made Registrars, and required to give bonds of either §.'30,000 or §200,- 000, according to the population of the county. Any person or corporation, having an interest in land, may make application to any court having chancery jurisdiction, to have his title thereto registered. Such application must be in writ- ing, signed and verified bj' oath, and must con- form, in matters of specification and detail, with the requirements of the act. The court may refer the application to one of the standing examiners appointed by the Registrar, who are required to be competent attornej's and to give bond to ex- amine into the title, as well as the truth of the applicant's statements. Immediately upon the filing of the application, notice thereof is given by the clerk, through publication and the issuance of a summons to be served, as in other proceed- ings in chancery, against all persons mentioned in the petition as having or claiming any inter- est in the property described. Any person inter- ested, whether named as a defendant or not, may enter an appearance within the time allowed. A failure to enter an appearance is regarded as a confession by default. The court, in passing upon the application, is in no case bound by the examiner's report, but may require otlier and further proof ; and, in its final adjudication, passes upon all questions of title and incumbrance, directing the Registrar to register the title in the party in whom it is to be vested, and making provision as to the manner and order in wliicli incumbrances thereon shall appear upon the certificate to be issued. An appeal may bo allowed to the Supreme Court, if prayed at the time of entering the decree, upon like terms as in other cases in chancer}'; and a writ of error may be sued out from that tribunal within two years after the entry of the order or decree. The period last mentioned may be said to be the statutory period of limitation, after which the decree of the court must be regarded as final, although safeguards are provided for those who may have been defrauded, and for a few other classes of persons Upon the filing of the order or decree of the court, it becomes the duty of the Registrar to issue a certificate of title, the form ol which is prescribed by the act, making such notations at the end as shall show and preserve the priorities of all estates, mortgages, incum- brances and changes to which the owner's title is

subject. For the purpose of preserving evidence of the owner's handwriting, a receipt for the certificate, duly witnessed or acknowledged, is required of him, which is preserved in the Regis- trar's oflSce. In case any registered owner should desire to transfer the whole or any part of his estate, or any interest therein, he is required to execute a conveyance to the transferee, which, together with the certificate of title last issued, must be surrendered to the Registrar. That official thereuijon issues a new certificate, stamp- ing the word "cancelled" across the surrendered certificate, as well as upon the corresponding entry in his books of record. When land is first brought within the operation of the act, the receiver of the certificate of title is required to pay to the Registrar one-tenth of one per cent of the value of the land, the aggregate so received to be deposited with and invested by the County Treasurer, and reserved as an indemnity fund for the reimbursement of persons sustaining an}' loss through any omission, mistake or malfea- sance of the Registrar or his subordinates. The advantage claimed for the Torrens system is, chiefly, that titles registered thereunder can be dealt with more safely, quickly and inexpensively than under the old system ; it being possible to close the entire transaction within an hour or two, without the need of an abstract of title, while (as the law is administered in Cook County) the cost of transfer is only $3. It is asserted that a title, once registered, can be dealt with almost as quickly and cheaply, and quite as safely, as shares of stock or registered bonds.

TOULOjVv the county-seat of Stark County, on the Peoria & Rock Island Railroad, 37 miles north- northwest of Peoria, and 11 miles southeast of Galva. Besides the county court-house, the town has five churches and a high school, an academy, steam granite works, two banks, and one weekly paper. Population (ISSO), 907; (1S90), 945; (1900), 1.057; (1910), 1,208.

TOWER HILL, a village of Shelby County, on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroads, 7 miles east of Pana; has bank, elevators, coal mines and one weekly paper. Pop. (1910), 1,040.

TOWXSHEJJD, Richard W., lawyer and Con- gressman, was born in Prince George's County, Md., April 30, 1840. Between the ages of 10 and 18 he attended public and private schools at Washington, D. C. In 1858 he came to Illinois, where he began teaching, at the same time reading law with S. S. Marshall, at Mc- Leansboro, where he was admitted to the bar

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in 1862, and where he began practice. From 1863 to 1868 he was Circuit Clerk of Hamilton Count}-, and, from 1808 to 1872, Prosecuting Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit. In 1873 he removed to Shawneetown, where lie became an officer of the Gallatin National Bank. From lCO-1 to 1875 he was a member of the Democratic State Cen- tral Committee, and a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at Baltimore, in 1872. For twelve years (1877 to 1889) he represented his District in Congress; was re-elected in 1888, but died, March 9, 1889, a few days after the beginning of his seventh term.

TRACY, John M., artist, was born in Illinois about 1842 ; served in an Illinois regiment during the Civil War; studied painting in Paris in 1866-7G ; established himself as a portrait painter in St. Louis and, later, won a high reputation as a painter of animals, being regarded as an author- ity on the anatomy of the horse and the dog. Died, at Ocean Springs, Hiss., March 20, 1893.

TREASURERS. (See State Treasurers.)

TREAT, Samuel Hubbel, lawyer and jurist, was born at Plainfield, Otsego County, N. Y., June 21, 1811, worked on his father's farm and studied law at Richfield, where he was admitted to practice. In 1834 he came to Springfield, 111. , traveling most of the way on foot. Here he formed a partnership with George Forquer, who had held the offices of Secretary of State and Attorney-General. In 1839 he was appointed a Circuit Judge, and, on the reorganization of the Supreme Court in 1841, was elevated to the Supreme bench, being acting Chief Justice at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of 1848. Having been elected to the Supreme bench under the new Constitution, he remained in office until March, 185.5, when he resigned to take the jiosi- tion of Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois, to which he had been appointed by President Pierce. This position he continued to occupy until his death, which occurred at Springfield, Marcli 27, 1SS7. Judge Treat's judicial career was one of the long- est in the liistory of the State, covering a period of forty-eight years, of which fourteen were spent upon the Supreme bench, and thirty-two in the position of Judge of the United States Dis- trict Court.

TREATIES. (See Greenville, Treaty of; Indian Treaties.)

TREE, Lambert, jurist, diplomat and ex-Con- gressman, was born in Washington, D. C, Nov. 29, 1832, of an ancestry distinguished in the War of the Revolution. He received a superior clas-

sical and professional education, and was admit- ted to the bar, at Washington, in October, 185-5. Removing to Chicago soon afterward, his profes- sional career has been chiefly connected with that city. In 1804 he was chosen President of the Law Institute, and served as Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County, from 1870 to 1875, when he resigned. The three following years he spent in foreign travel, returning to Cliicago in 1878. In that j"ear, and again in 1880, he was the Democratic candidate for Congress from the Fourth Illinois District, but was defeated by his Republican opponent. In 1885 he was the candi- date of his partj' for United States Senator, but was defeated by John A. Logan, by one vote. In 1884 he was a member of the National Democratic Convention which first nominated Grover Cleve- land, and, in July, 1885, President Cleveland appointed him Minister to Belgium, conferring the Russian mission upon him in September, 1888. On March 3, 1889, he resigned this post and returned home. In 1890 he was appointed by President Harrison a Commissioner to the Inter- national Monetary Conference at Washington. The year before he had attended (although not as a delegate) the International Conference, at Brus- sels, looking to the suppression of the slave-trade, where he exerted all his influence on the side of humanit}-. In 1892 Belgium conferred upon him the distinction of "Councillor of Honor" upon its commission to the World's Columbian Exposi- tion. In 1896 Judge Tree was one of the most earnest opponents of the free-silver policy, and, after the Spanish-American War, a zealous advo- cate of the policy of retaining the territory acquired from Spain. Died October 9, 1910.

TREMONT, a town of Tazewell County, on the Peoria Division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, 9 miles southeast of Pekin; has two banks, two telephone exchanges, and one newspaper. Pop. (1910), 782.

TREXTON, a town of Clinton County, on the Baltimore & Oliio Southwestern Railway, 31 miles cast of St. Louis; in agricultural district; has creamery, milk condensery, two coal mines, six churchc.'!, a public school and one newspaper. Pop. (1890). 1,.384; (1900), 1,706; (1910), 1,694.

TROT, a city of Madison County, on the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad, 21 miles northeast of St. Louis; has coal mines, a bank and a news- paper. Pop. (1900), 1.0.80; (1910), 1,447.

TRFITT, James Madison, lawj-er and soldier, a native of Trimble County, Ky., was born Feb. 12, 1842, but lived in Illinois since 1843, his father having settled near CarroUton that year; was

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educated at Hillsboro and at McKendree College ; enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventeenth Illinois Volunteers in 1863, and was promoted from the ranks to Lieutenant. After the war he studied law with Jesse J. Phillips, now of the Supreme Court, and, in 1872, was elected to the Twenty -eighth General Assembly, and, in 1888, a Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket. Mr. Truitt has been twice a prominent but unsuc- cessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Attorney-General. His home is at Hillsboro, where he is engaged in the practice of his profes- sion. Died July 26, 1900.

TRUMBULL, Lyman, statesman, was born at Colchester, Conn., Oct. 12, 1813, descended from a historical family, being a grand-nephew of Gov. Jonathan Trumbull, of Connecticut, from whom the name "Brother Jonathan" was derived as au appellation for Americans. Having received an academic education in his native town, at the age of 16 he began teaching a district school near his home, went South four years later, and en- gaged in teaching at Greenville, Ga. Here he studied law with Judge Hiram Warner, after- wards of the Supreme Court, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. Leaving Georgia the same year, he came to Illinois on horseback, visiting Vandalia, Belleville, Jacksonville, Springfield, Tremont and La Salle, and finally reaching Chicago, then a village of four or five thousand inhabitants. At Jacksonville he obtained a license to practice from Judge Lockwood, and, after visiting Michi- gan and his native State, he settled at Belleville, which continued to be his home for twenty years. His entrance into public life began with his elec- tion as Representative in the General Assembly in 1840. This was followed, in February, 1841, by his appointment by Governor Carlin, Secre- tary of State, as the successor of Stephen A. Douglas, wlio, after holding the position only two months, had resigned to accept a seat on the Supreme bench. Here he remained two years, when he was removed by Governor Ford, March 4, 1843, but, five years later (1848), was elected a Justice of the Supreme Court, was re-elected in 1852, but resigned in IS.^S on account of impaired health. A year later (1854) he was elected to Congress from the Belleville District as an anti- Nebraska Democrat, but, before taking his seat, was promoted to the United States Senate, as the successor of General Shields in the memorable con- test of 1855, which resulted in the defeat of Abra- ham Lincoln. Senator Trumbuirs career of eighteen years in the United States Senate (being re-elected in 1861 and 1867) is one of the most

memorable in the history of that body, covering, as it does, the whole history of the war for the Union, and the period of reconstruction which followed it. During this period, as Chairman of the Senate Committee on Judiciary, he had more to do in shaping legislation on war and recon- struction measures than any other single member of that body. While he disagreed with a large majority of his Republican associates on the ques- tion of Andrew Johnson's impeachment, he was always found in sympathy with them on the vital questions affecting the war and restoration of the Union. The Civil Rights Bill and Freedmen's Bureau Bills were shaped by his hand. In 1873 he joined in the "'Liberal Republican" luovement and afterwards co-operated with tlie Democratic party, being their candidate for Governor in 1880. From 1863 his home was in Chicago, where, after retiring from the Senate, he con- tinued in the practice of his profession until his death, which occurred in that city, June 2.5, 1896.

TUG MILLS. These were a sort of primitive machine used in grinding corn in Territorial and early State days. The mechanism consisted of an upright shaft, into the upper end of which were fastened bars, resembling those in the capstan of a ship. Into the outer end of each of these bars was driven a pin. A belt, made of a broad strip of ox-hide, twisted into a sort of rope, was stretched around these pins and wrapped twice around a circular piece of wood called a trundle head, through which passed a perpendicular flat bar of iron, which turned the millstone, usually about eighteen inches in diameter. From the upright shaft projected a beam, to which were hitched one or two horses, which furnished the motive power. Oxen were sometimes employed as motive power in lieu of horses. These rudi- mentary contrivances were capable of grinding" about twelve bushels of corn, each, per day.

TULET, Murray Floyd, lawyer and jurist, was born at Louisville, Ky., March 4, 1827, of English extraction and descended from the early settlers of Virginia. His father died in 1832, and, eleven years later, his mother, having married Col. Richard J. Hamilton, for many years a prominent lawyer of Chicago, removed with her family to that city. Young Tuley began reading law with his step-father and completed his studies at the Louisville Law Institute in 1847, the same year being admitted to the bar in Chicago. About the same time he enlisted in the Fifth Illinois Volun- teers for service in the Mexican War, and « as commissioned First Lieutenant. The war having ended, he settled at Santa Fe, N. M., where he

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practiced law, also served as Attorney-General and in the Territorial Legislature. Returning to Chicago in 1854, he was associated in practice, successively, with Andrew Harvie, Judge Gary and J. N. Barker, and finally as head of the firm of Tuley, Stiles & Lewis. From 1869 to 1873 he was Corporation Counsel, and during this time framed the General Incorporation Act for Cities, under which the City of Chicago was reincor- porated. In 1879 he was elevated to the bench of the Circuit Court of Cook Count}', and re- elected every six years thereafter, his last election being in 1897. He died Dec. 25, 1905, during his fourth term, some ten years of liis incumbency ha\ing liecn spent as Chief Justice.

TUNNICLIFFE, Damon G., lawyer and jurist, was born in Herkimer County, N. Y. , August 20, 1829; at the age of 20, emigrated to Illinois, set- tling in Vermont, Fulton County, where, for a time, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. He subsequently studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. In 1854 he established himself at Macomb, McDonough County, where he built up a large and lucrative practice. In 1868 he was chosen Presidential Elector on the Repub- lican ticket, and, from February to June, 1885, by appointment of Governor Oglesby, occupied a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court, vice Pinkney H. Walker, deceased, who had been one of his professional preceptors. Died Dec. 20, 1901. TURCHIN, John Basil (Ivan Vasilevitch Tur- chinoff), soldier, engineer and author, was born in Russia, Jan. 30, 1822. He graduated from the artillery school at St. Petersburg, in 1841, and was commissioned ensign; participated in the Hungarian campaign of 1849, and, in 1852, was assigned to the staff of the Imperial Guards; served through the Crimean War, rising to the rank of Colonel, and being made senior staff officer of the active corps. In 1856 he came to this country, settling in Chicago, and, for five years, was in the service of the Illinois Central Railway Company as topographical engineer. In 1861 he was commissioned Colonel of the Nine- teenth Illinois Volunteers, and, after leading his regiment in Missouri, Kentucky and Alabama, was, on July 7, 1862, promoted to a Brigadier- Generalship, being attached to the Army of the Cumberland until 1864, when he resigned. After the war he was, for six years, solicitor of patents at Chicago, but, in 1878, returned to engineering. In 1879 lie established a Polish colony at Radom. in Washington County, in this State, and settled as a farmer. He was an occasional contributor to the press, writing usually on military or scientific

subjects; was tho author of the "Campaign and Battle of Chickamauga." T.hd June IS, 1901.

TURNEU (now WE.ST CHIC.VGO), a town and nianufiicluiing center in Winfii^ld Township, Du Page County, 30 miles west of Chicago, at the junction of two divisions of the Cliicago, Burling- ton & Quincy. tlie Elgin, Joliet & Eastern and the Chicago & No) til western Railroads. The town has a rolling mill, manufactories of wagons anil pumps, and railroad repair shops. It also has five churches, a rraded school and two newspapers. Pop. (1900), 1,877; with suburb, 2,270,

TURXER, (Col.) Henry L., soldier and real- estate operator, was born at Oberlin, Ohio, August 26, 1845, and received a part of his edu- cation in the college there. During the Civil War he served as First Lieutenant in the One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Volunteers, and later, with the same rank in a colored regiment, taking part in the operations about Richmond, the capture of Fort Fisher, of Wilmington and of Gen. Joe Johnston's army. Coming to Chi- cago after the close of the war, he became con- nected with the business oflSce of "The Advance," but later was employed in the banking house of Jaj' Cooke & Co., in Philadelphia. On the failure of that concern, in 1872, he returned to Chicago and bought "The Advance," which he conducted some two years, when he sold out and engaged in the real estate business, with which he has since been identified — being President of the Chicago Real Estate Board in 1888. He has also been President of the Western Publishing Company and a Trustee of Oberlin College. Colonel Turner is an enthusiastic member of the Illinois National Guard and. on the declaration of war between the United States and Spain, in April, 1898, promptly resumed his connection with the First Regiment of the Guard, and finally led it to Santiago de Cuba during the fighting there — his regiment being the only one from Illinois to see actual serv- ice in the field during the progress of the war. Colonel Turner won the admiration of his com- mand and the entire nation by the manner in which he discharged his dut)'. The regiment was mustered out at Chicago, Nov. 17, 1898, when he retired to private life.

TURNER, John Bice, Railway President, was born at Colchester, Delaware County, N. Y., Jan. 14, 1799; after a brief business career in his native State, he became identified with the con- struction and operation of railroads. Among the works with which he was thus connected, were the Delaware Division of the New York & Erie and the Troy & Schenectady Roads. In 1848 he

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came to Chicago, having previously purchased a large body of land at Blue Island. In 1847 he joined with W. B. Ogden and others, in resusci- tating the Galena & Chicago Union Railway, which had been incorporated in 1836. He became President of the Company in 1850, and assisted in constructing various sections of road in Northern Illinois and Wisconsin, wliich have since become portions of the Chicago & Northwestern system. He was also one of the original Directors of the North Side Street Railway Company, organized in 1859. Died, Feb. 36, 1871.

TURNER, Joiiathsui Baldwin, educator and agriculturist, was born in Templeton, Mass., Dec. 7, 1805; grew up on a farm and, before reaching his majority, began teaching in a country school. After spending a short time in an academy at Salem, in 1827 he entered the preparatory depart- ment of Yale College, supporting himself, in part, by manual labor and teaching in a gymnasium. In 1829 he matriculated in the classical depart- ment at Yale, graduated in 1833, and the same year accepted a position as tutor in Illinois Col- lege at Jacksonville, 111., which had been opened, three years previous, by the late Dr. J. M. Sturte- vant. In the next fourteen years he gave in- struction in nearly every branch embraced in the college curriculum, though holding, during most of this period, the chair of Rhetoric and English Literature. In 1847 he retired from college duties to give attention to scientific agriculture, in which he had always manifested a deep inter- est. The cultivation and sale of the Osage orange as a hedge plant now occupied his attention for many years, and its successful introduction in Illinois and other Western States — where the absence of timber rendered some substitute a necessity for fencing purposes — was largely due to his efforts. At tlie same time he took a deep interest in the cause of practical scientific edu- cation for the industrial classes, and, about 1850, began formulating that S3-stem of industrial edu- cation which, after twelve years of labor and agitation, he had the satisfaction of seeing recognized in the act adopted by Congress, and approved by President Lincoln, in July, 1863, making liberal donations of public lands for the establishment of "Industrial Colleges'' in the several States, out of which grew the University of Illinois at Champaign. While Professor Tur- ner had zealous colaborers in this field, in Illinois and elsewhere, to him, more than to any other single man in the Nation, belongs the credit for this magnificent achievement. (See Education, and University of Illinois.) He was also one of

the chief factors in founding and building up the Illinois State Teachers' Association, and the State Agricultural and Horticultural Societies. His address on "The Millennium of Labor," delivered at the first State Agricultural Fair at Springfield, in 1853, is still remembered as mark- ing an era in industrial progress in Illinois. A zealous cliampion of free thought, in both political and religious affairs, he long bore the reproach which attached to the radical Abolitionist, only to enjoy, in later years, the respect universally accorded to those who had the courage and independence to avow their honest convictions. Prof. Turner was twice an unsuccessful candidate for Congress — once as a Republican and once as an "Independent" — and wrote much on political, religious and educational topics. The evening of an honored and useful life was spent among friends in Jacksonville, which was his home for more than sixty years, his death taking place in that city, Jan, 10, 1899, at the advanced age of 93 years.— Mrs. Mary Turner Carriel, at the pres- ent time (1899) one of the Trustees of the Univer- sity of Illinois, is Prof. Turner's only daughter.

TURNER, Tliomas J., lawyer and Congress- man, born in Trumbull County, Ohio, April 5, 1815. Leaving home at the age of 18, he spent three years in Indiana and in the mining dis- tricts about Galena and in Southern Wisconsin, locating in Stephenson County, in 1836, where he was admitted to the bar in 1840, and elected Probate Judge in 1841. Soon afterwards Gov- ernor Ford appointed him Prosecuting Attorney, in which capacity he secured the conviction and punishment of the murderers of Colonel Daven- port. In 1846 he was elected to Congress as a Democrat, and, the following year, founded "The Prairie Democrat" (afterward "The Freeport Bulletin"), the first newspaper' ijublished in the county. Elected to the Legislature in 1854, he was chosen Speaker of the House, the next year becoming the first Mayor of Freeport. He was a member of the Peace Conference of 1861, and, in May of that year, was commissioned, by Governor Yates, Colonel of the Fifteenth Illinois "Volun- teers, but resigned in 1862. He served as a mem- ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1869-70, and, in 1871, was again elected to the Legisla- ture, where he received the Democratic caucus nomination for United States Senator against General Logan, In 1871 he removed to Chicago, and was twice an unsuccessful candidate for the office of State's Attorney. In February, 1874, he went to Hot Springs, Ark., for medical treatment, and died there, April 3 following.

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XrSCOLA, a city and the county-seat of Douglas County, located at the intersection of the Illinois Central and two other trunk lines of rail- way, 23 miles south of Champaign, and 36 miles east of Decatur. Besides a brick court-house it has five churches, a graded school, a national bank, two weekly newspapers and two establish- ments for the manufacture of carriages and wagons; in a farming district. Pop. (1S90), 1,897; (1900), 2,.569; (1910), 2,453.

TUSCOLA, CHARLESTON & YIJfCENNES RAILROAD. (See Toledo. St. Louis & Kansas City Eaili-oad.)

TUTHILL, Richard Stanley, jm-ist, was born at Vergennes, Jackson County, 111., Nov. 10, 1841. After passing through the common schools of his native count}', he took a preparatory course in a high school at St. Louis and in Illinois College, Jacksonville, when he entered Middlebury Col- lege, Vt., graduating there in 1863. Immediately thereafter he joined the Federal army at Vicks- burg, and, after serving for some time in a com- pany of scouts attached to General Logan's command, was commissioned a Lieutenant in the First Michigan Light Artillery, with which he served until the close of the war, meanwhile being twice promoted. During this time he was with General Sherman in the march' to Meridian, and in the Atlanta campaign, also took part with General Thomas in the operations against the rebel General Hood in Tennessee, and in the battle of Nashville. Having resigned his com- mission in May, 1865, he took up the study of law, which he had prosecuted as he had opportu- nity while in the army, and was admitted to the bar at Nashville in 1806, afterwards serving for a time as Prosecuting Attorney on the Nashville circuit. In 1873 he removed to Chicago, two years later was elected City Attorney and re- elected in 1877 ; was a delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1880 and, in 1884, was appointed L'nited States District Attorney for the Northern District, serving until 1886. In 1887 he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge Rogers, was re-elected for a full term in 1891, and again in 1897.

TYXDALE, Sharon, Secretary of State, born in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 19, 1816; at the age of 17 came to Belleville, 111., and was engaged for a time in mercantile business, later being employed in a surveyor's corps under the internal improve- ment system of 1837. Having married in 1839, be returned soon after to Philadelphia, where he engaged in mercantile business with his father;

then came to Illinois, a second time, in 1845, spend- ing a year or two in business at Peoria. About 1847 he returned to Belleville and entered upon a course of mathematical study, with a view to fitting himself more thoroughly for the pr<5fession of a civil engineer. In 1851 he graduated in engineering at Cambridge, Mass., after which he was employed for a time on the Sunbury & Erie Railroad, and later on certain Illinois railroads. In 1857 he was elected County Survejor of St. Clair County, and, in 1861, by appointment of President Lincoln, became Postmaster of the city of Belleville. He held this position until 1864, when he received the Republican nomination for Secretary of State and was elected, remaining in office four years. He was an earnest advocate, and virtually author, of the first act for the regis- tration of voters in Illinois, passed at the session of 1865. After retiring from office in 1869, .he continued to reside in Springfield, and was em- ployed for a time in the survey of the Gilman, Clinton & Springfield Railway — now the Spring- field Division of the Illinois Central. At an early hour on the morning of April 29, 1871, while going from his home to the railroad station at Springfield, to take the train for St. Louis, he was assassinated upon the street by shooting, as sup- posed for the purpose of robbery — his dead body being found a few hours later at the scene of the tragedy. Mr. Tyndale was a brother of Gen. Hector Tj-ndale of Penns3'lvania, who won a high reputation by his services during the war. His second wife, who survived him, was a daughter of Shadrach Penn, an editor of con- siderable reputation who was the contemporary and rival of George D. Prentice at Louisville, for some years.

"UNDERGROUND RAILROAD," THE. A history of Illinois would be incomplete without reference to the unique sj-stem which existed there, as in other Northern States, from forty to seventy years ago, known by the somewliat mys- terious title of "The Underground Railroad." The origin of the term has been traced (probably in a spirit of facetiousness) to the expression of a Kentucky planter who, having pursued a fugi- tive slave across the Ohio River, was so surprised by his sudden disappearance, as soon as he had reached the opposite shore, that he was led to remark, "The nigger must have gone off on an underground road." From "underground road" to "underground railroad," the transition would appear to have been easy, especially in view of the increased facility with which the work was performed when railroads came into use. For

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readers of the present generation, it maj' be well lO explain what "The Underground Railroad" really was. It may be defined as the figurative apijellation for a spontaneous movement in the free States — extending, sometimes, into the slave States themselves — to assist slaves in their . efforts to escape from bondage to freedom. The movement dates back to a i^eriod close to the Revolutionary War, long before it received a definite name. Assistance given to fugitives from one State by citizens of another, became a cause of complaint almost as soon as the Govern- ment was organized. In fact, the first President himself lost a slave who took refuge at Ports- mouth, N. H., where the public sentiment was so strong against his return, that the patriotic and philosophic "Father of his Country" chose to let him remain unmolested, rather than "excite a mob or riot, or even uneasy sensations, in the minds of well-disposed citizens. " That the mat- ter was already one of concern in the minds of slaveholders, is shown by the fact that a provision was inserted in the Constitution for their concili- ation, guaranteeing the return of fugitives from labor, as well as from justice, from one State to another.

In 1793 Congress passed the first Fugitive Slave Law, which was signed by President Washing- ton. This law provided that the owner, his agent or attorney, might follow the slave into any State or Territory, and, upon oath or aiii- davit before a court or magistrate, be entitled to a warrant for his return. Any person who should hinder the arrest of the fugitive, or who should harbor, aid or assist him, knowing him to be such, was subject to a fine of $500 for each ofi'ense. — In 1850, fifty-seven years later, the first act having proved inefficacious, or conditions having changed, a second and more stringent law was enacted. This is the one usually referred to in discussions of the subject. It provided for an increased fine, not to exceed §1,000, and im- prisonment not exceeding six months, with liability for civil damages to the party injured. No proof of ownership was required beyond the statement of a claimant, and the accused was not permitted to testify for himself. The fee of the United States Commissioner, before whom the case was tried, was ten dollars if he lound for the claimant: if not, five dollars. This seemed to many an indirect form of bribery ; clearly, it made it to the Judge's pecuniary advantage to decide in favor of the claimant. The law made it possible and easy for a white man to arrest, and carry into slavery, any free negro who could

not immediately prove, by other witnesses, that he was born free, or had purchased his freedom.

Instead of discouraging the disposition, on the part of the opponents of slavery, to aid fugi- tives in their efi'orts to reach a region where they would be secure in their freedom, the effect of the Fugitive Slave Law of 18.50 (as that of 1793 had been in a smaller degree) was the very oppo- site of that intended by its authors — unless, indeed, they meant to make matters worse. The provisions of the act seemed, to many people, so unfair, so one-sided, that they rebelled in spirit and refused to be made parties to its enforce- ment. The law aroused tlie anti-slavery senti- ment of the North, and stimulated the active friends of the fugitives to take greater risks in their behalf. New efforts on the part of the slaveholders were met by a determination to evade, hinder and nullify the law.

And here a strange anomaly is presented. Tlie slaveholder, in attempting to recover his slave, was acting within his constitutional and legal rights. The slave was his property in law. He had purchased or inherited his bondman on the same plane with his horse or his land, and, apart from the right to hold a human being in bond- age, regarded his legal rights to the one as good as the other. From a legal standpoint his posi- tion was impregnable. The slave was his, repre- senting so much of money value, and whoever was instrumental in the loss of that slave was, both theoretically and technically, a partner in robbery. Therefore he looked on "The Under- ground Railway" as the work of thieves, and en- tertained bitter hatred toward all concerned in its operation. On the other hand, men who were, in all other respects, good citizens — often relig iousl}' devout and pillars of the church — became bold and flagrant violators of the law in relation to this sort of property. They set at nought a plain provision of the Constitution and the act of Congress for its enforcement. Without hope of personal gain or reward, at the risk of fine and imprisonment, with the certainty of social ostra- cism and bitter opposition, they harbored the fugitive and heljoed him forward on every occasion. And why? Because they saw in him a man, with the same inherent right to "life, liberty and t!ie pursuit of happiness" that they themselves po.ssessed. To them this was a higher law than any Legislature, State or National, could enact. They denied that there could be truly such a thing as proi^erty in man. Believing that the law violated human rights, they justified themselves in rendering it null and void.

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For the most pait, the "Underground Rail- road" operators and promoters were plain, obscuie men, without hope of fame or desire for notoriety. Yet there were some whose names are conspicuous in history, such as Wendell Phillips, Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Theodore Parker of Massachusetts; Gerrit Smith and Thurlow Weed of New York; Joshua R. Gic^ings of Ohio, and Owen Lovejoy of Illinois. These had their followers and sympathizers in all the Northern States, and even in some por- tions of the South It is a curious fact, that some of the most active spirits connected with the "Underground Railroad" were natives of the South, or had resided there long enougli to become thoroughly acquainted with the "insti- tution." Levi Coffin, who had the reputation of being the "President of the Underground Rail- road"— at least so far as the region west of the Ohio was concerned — was an active operator on the line in North Carolina before his removal from that State to Indiana in 1826. Indeed, as a system, it is claimed to have had its origin at Guilford College, in the "Old North State"' in 1819, though the evidence of this may not be conclusive.

Owing to the peculiar nature of their business, no official reports were made, no lists of officers, conductors, station agents or operators preserved, and few records kept which are now accessible. Consequently, we are dependent chiefly upon the personal recollection of individual operators for a history of their transactions. Each station on the road was the house of a "friend" and it is significant, in this connection, that in every settlement of Friends, or Quakers, there was sure to be a house of refuge for the slave. For this reason it was, perhaps, that one of the most frequently traveled lines extended from Vir- ginia and Marjland through Eastern Pennsyl- vania, and then on towards New York or directly to Canada. From the proximity of Ohio to Virginia and Kentucky, and the fact that it offered the shortest route through free soil to Canada, it was traversed by more lines than any other State, although Indiana was pretty thoroughly "grid-ironed" by roads to freedom. In all, however, the routes were irregular, often zigzag, for purposes of security, and the "con- ductor" was any one who conveyed fugitives from one station to another The "train" was some- times a farm-wagon, loaded with produce for market at some town (or depot) on the line, fre- quently a closed carriage, and it is related that once, in Ohio, a number of carriages conveying

a large party, were made to represent a funeral procession. Occasionally the train ran on foot, for convenience of side-tracking into the woods or a cornfield, in case of pursuit by a wild loco- motive.

Then, again, there were not wanting lawyers who, in case the operator, conductor or station agent got into trouble, were ready, without fee or reward, to defend either him or his human freight in the courts. These included sucb names of national repute as Salmon P. Chase, Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, William IL Seward, Rutherford B. Hayes, Richard H. Dana, and Isaac N. Arnold, while, taking the whole country over, their "name was legion." And there were a few men of wealth, like Thomas Garrett of Delaware, willing to contribute money by thousands to their assistance. Although technically acting in violation of law — or, as claimed by themselves, in obedience to a "higher law"- — the time has already come when there is a disposition to look upon the actors as, in a certain sense, heroes, and their deeds as fitly belongmg to the field of romance.

The most comprehensive collection of material relating to the history of this movement has been furnished in a recent volume entitled, "The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Free- dom," by Prof. Wilbur H. Siebert, of Ohio State University ; and, while it is not wholly free from errors, both as to individual names and facts, it will probably remain as the best compilation of history bearing on this subject — especially as the principal actors are fast passing away. One of the interesting features of Prof. Sieberfs book is a map purporting to give the principal routes and stations in the States northwest of the Ohio, yet the accuracy of this, as well as the correct- ness of personal names given, has been questioned by some best informed on the subject. As might be expected from its geographical position between two slave States — Kentucky and Mis- souri— on the one hand, and the lakes offering a highway to Canada on the other, it is naturally to be assumed that Illinois would be an attract- ive field, both for the fugitive and his sympa- thizer.

The period of greatest activity of the system in this State was between 1840 and 1801 — the lattet being the year when the pro-slavery party in the South, by their attempt forciblj- to dissolve tho Union, took the business out of the hands of tho secret agents of the "Underground Railroad.' and — in a certain sense — placed it in the hands of the Union armies. It was in 1841 that Abra-

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ham Lincoln — then a conservativr opponent of the extension of slavery — on an appeal from a judgment, rendered by tlie Circuit Ccart in Taze- well County, in favor of the holder of a note given for the service of the indentured slave- girl "Nance," obtained a decision from the Supreme Court of Illinois upholding the doctrine that the girl was free under the Ordinance of 1787 and the State Constitution, and that the note, given to the person who claimed to be her owner, was void. And it is a somewhat curious coincidence that the same Abraham Lincoln, as President of the United States, in the second year of the War of the Rebellion, issued the Proclamation of Emancipation which finally resulted in striking the shackles from the limbs of every slave in the Union.

In the practical operation of aiding fugitives in Illinois, it was natural that the towns along tlie border upon the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, should have served as a sort of entrepots, or initial stations, for the reception of this class of freight — especially if adjacent to some anti- slavery community. This was the case at Ches- ter, from which access was easy to Sparta, where a colony of Covenanters, or Seceders, was located, and whence a loute extended, by way of Oakdale, Nashville and Centralia, in the direction of Chicago. Alton offered convenient access to Bond County, where there was a community of anti-slavery people at an early day, or the fugi- tives could be forwarded northward by way of Jerseyville, Wavp.rly and Jacksonville, about each of which there was a strong anti-slavery sentiment. Quincv, in spite of an intense hos- tility among the mass of the community to any- thing savoring of abolitionism, became the theater of great activity on the part of the opponents of the institution, especially after the advent thrive of Dr. David Nelson and Dr. Rich- ard Eells, both of whom had rendered themselves obnoxious to the people of Missouri by extending aid to fugitives. The former was a practical abolitionist who, having freed his slaves in his native State of Virginia, removed to Missouri and attempted to establish Marion College, a few miles from Palmyra, but was soon driven to Illinois. Locating near Quincy, he founded the "Mission Institute" there, at which he continued to dis- -seminate his anti-slavery views, wliile educating young men for missionary work. The "Insti- tute" was finally burned by emissaries from Mis- souri, while three young men who had been connected with it, having been caught in Mis- souri, were condemned to twelve years' confine-

ment in the penitentiary of that State — partly on the testimony of a negro, although a negro was not then a legal \vitness in the courts against a white man. Dr. Eells was prosecuted before Stephen A. Douglas (then a Judge of the Circuit Court), and fined for aiding a fugitive to escape, and ihe judgment against him was finally con- firmed by the Supreme Court after his death, in 1853, ten years after the original indictment.

A map in Professor Siebert's book, showing the routes and principal stations of the "Undergound Railroad," makes mention of the following places in Illinois, in addition to those already referred to Carlinville, in Macoupin County; Payson and Menaon, in Adams; Washington, in Taze- well ; Metamora, in Woodford ; Magnolia, in Put- nam; Galesburg, in Knox; Princeton (the home of Owen Lovejoy and the Bryants), in Bureau; and many more. Ottawa appears to have been the meetmg point of a number of lines, as well as the home of a strong colony of practical abo- litionists. Cairo also became an important transfer station for fugitives arriving by river, after the completion of the Illinois Central Rail- road, especially as it offered the speediest way of reaching Chicago, towards which nearly all the lines converged. It was here that the fugitives could be most safely disposed of by placing them upon vessels, which, without stopping at inter- mediate ports, could soon land them on Canadian soil.

As to methods, these differed according to cir- cumstances, the emergencies of the occasion, or the taste, convenience or resources of the oper- ator. Deacon Levi Morse, of Woodford County, near Metamora, had a route towards Magnolia, Putnam County; and his favorite "car" was a farm wagon in which there was a double bottom. The passengers were snugly placed below, and grain sacks, filled with bran or other light material, were laid over, so that the whole presented the appearance of an ordinary load of grain on its way to market. The same was true as to stations and routes. One, who was an operator, says: "Wherever an abolitionist happened on a fugi- tive, or the converse, there was a station, for the time, and the route was to the next anti-slavery man to the east or the north. As a general rule, the agent preferred not to know anything beyond the operation of his own immediate section of the road. If he knew nothing about the operations of another, and the other knew nothing of his, they could not be witnesses in court.

We have it on the authority of Judge Harvey B. Hurd, of Chicago, that runaways were usually

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forwarded from that city to Canada by way of the Lakes, there being several steamers available for that purpose. On one occasion thirteen were put aboard a vessel under the eyes of a United States Marshal and his deputies. The fugitives, secreted in a woodshed, one by one took the places of colored stevedores carrying wood aboard the ship. Possibly the term, "There's a nigger in the woodpile," may have originated in this incident. Thirteen was an "unlucky num- ber" in this instance — for the masters.

Among the notable trials for assisting runaways in violation of the Fugitive Slave Law, in addi- tion to the case of Dr. Eells, already mentioned, were those of Owen Lovejoy of Princeton, and Deacon Gushing of Will County, both of whom were defended b}' Judge Jas. H. Collins of Chi- cago. John Hossack and Dr. Joseph Stout of Ottawa, with some half-dozen of their neighbors and friends, were tried at Ottawa, in 1859, for assisting a fugitive and acquitted on a techni- cality. A strong array of attorneys, afterwards widely known through tlie northern part of the State, appeared for the defense, including Isaac X. Arnold, Joseph Knox. B. C. Cook, J. V. Eus- tace, Edward S. Leland and E. C. Larned. Joseph T. Morse, of Woodford County, was also arrested, taken to Peoria and committed to jail, but acquitted on trial.

Another noteworthy case was that of Dr. Samuel Willard (now of Chicago) and his father, Julius A. Willard, charged with assisting in the escape of a fugitive at Jacksonville, in 1843, when the Doctor was a student in Illinois College. "The National Corporation Rei»rter, " a few years ago, gave an account of this affair, together with a letter from Dr. Willard, in which he states that, after protracted litigation, during which the case was carried to tlie Supreme Court, it was ended by his pleading guilty before Judge .Samuel D. Lockwood. when he was fined one dollar and costs— the latter amounting to twenty dollars. The Doctor frankly adds; "My father, as well as m}'self, helped many fugitives afterwards." It did not always happen, however, that offenders escaped so easily.

Judge Harvej' B. Hurd. already referred to, and an active anti-slavery man in the days of the Fugitive Slave Law, relates the following; Once, when the trial of a fugitive was going on before Justice Kercheval, in a room on the second floor of a two-story frame building on Clark Street in the city of Chicago, the crowd in attendance filled the room, the stairway and tlie adjoining sidewalk. In some way the prisoner got mixed

in with the audience, and passed down over the heads of those on the stairs, where the officers were unable to follow.

In another case, tried before United States Commissioner Geo. W. Meeker, the result was made to hinge upon a point in the indictment to the effect that the fugitive was "copper-colored." The Commissioner, as the story goes, being in- clined to favor public sentiment, called for a large copper cent, that he might make comparison. The decision was, that the prisoner was "off color," so to speak, and he was hustled out of the room before the officers could rearrest him, as they had been instructed to do.

Dr. Samuel Willard, in a review of Professor Sieberfs book, published in "The Dial" of Chi cago, makes mention of Henry Irving and Will- iam Chauncey Carter as among his active aUies at Jacksonville, with Rev. Bilious Pond and Deacon Lyman of Farmington (near the present village of Farmingdale in Sangamon County), Luther Ransom of Springfield, Andrew Borders of Randolph County, Joseph Gerrish of Jersey and William T. Allan of Henr}-, as their coadju- tors in other parts of the State. Other active agents or promoters, in the same field, included such names as Dr. Charles V. Dyer, Philo Carpen- ter, Calvin De Wolf, L. C. P. Freer, Zebina East- man, James H. Collins, Harvey B. Hurd, J. Young Scammon, Col. J. F. Farnsworth and otliers of Chicago, whose names have already been men- tioned; Rev. Asa Turner, Deacon Ballard, J. K. Van Dorn and Erastus Benton, of Quincy and Adams County ; President Rufus Blanchard of Knox College, Galesburg ; John Leeper of Bond ; the late Prof. J. B. Turner and Elihu Wolcott of Jacksonville: Capt. Parker Morse and his four sons — Joseph T., Levi P., Parker, Jr.. and Mark — of Woodford County ; Rev. William Sloane of Randolph ; William Strawn of La Salle, besides a host who were willing to aid their fellow men in their aspira^ion.s to freedom, without advertising their own exploits.

Among the incidents of "Underground Rail- road" in Illinois is one which had some importance politicallj'. having for its climax a dramatic .scene in Congress, but of whicli, so far as known, no full account has ever been written. About 18.5.5, Ephraim Lombard, a Mississippi planter, but a New Englander by birth, purchased a large body of prairie land in the northeastern part of Stark County, and, taking up his residence temporarily in the village of Bradford, began its improve- ment. He had brought with him from Mississippi a negro, gray-haired and bent with age, a slave

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of probably no great value. ''Old Mose, " as he was called, soon came to be well known and a favorite in the neighborhood. Lombard boldly stated that he had brought him there as a slave ; that, by virtue of the Dred Scott decision (then of recent date), he had a constitutional right to take his slaves wherever he pleased, and that "Old Mose" was just as much his property in Illinois as in Mississippi. It soon became evident to some, that his bringing of the negro to Illinois was an experiment to test the law and the feel- ings of the Northern people. This being the case, a shrewd play would have been to let him have liis way till other slaves should have been brought to stock the new plantation. But this was too slow a process for the abolitionists, to whom the holding of a slave in the free State of Illinois appeared an unbearable outrage. It was feared that he might take the old negro back to Mississippi and fail to bring any others. It was reported, also, that "Old Mose" was ill-treated; that he was given only the coarsest food in a back shed, as if he were a horse or a dog, instead of being permitted to eat at table witii the family. The prairie citizen of that time was very par- ticular upon this point of etiquette. The hired man or woman, debarred from the table of his or her employer, would not have remained a day. A quiet consultation with "Old Mose" revealed the fact that he would hail the gift of freedom joyously. Accordingly, one Peter Risedorf, and another equally daring, met him by the light of the stars and, before morning, he was placed in the care of Owen Lovejoy, at Princeton, twenty miles away. From there he was speedily "franked" by the member of Congress to friends in Canada.

There was a great commotion in Bradford over the "stealing" of "Old Mose." Lombard and his friends denounced the act in terms bitter and profane, and threatened vengeance upon the per- petrators. The conductors were known only to a few, and they kept their secret well. Lovejoy's part in the affair, however, soon leaked out. Lombard returned to Mississippi, where he related his experiences to Mr. Singleton, the Representative in Congress from his district. During the next session of Congress, Singleton took occasion, in a speech, to sneer at Lovejoy as a "nigger-stealer," citing the case of "Old Mose." Mr. Lovejoy replied in his usual fervid and dramatic style, making a speech which ensured his election to Congress for life — "Is it desired to call attention to this fact of my assisting fugitive slaves'?" he said. "Owen Lovejoy lives at Prince-

ton, 111., three-quarters of a mile east of the village, and he aids every slave that comes to his door and asks it. Thou invisible Demon of Slavery, dost thou think to cross my humble threshold and forbid me to give bread to the hungry and shelter to the homeless? I bid you defiance, in the name of my God!"

With another incident of an amusing charac- ter this article may be closed: Hon. J. Young Scammon, of Chicago, being accused of conniving at the escape of a slave from officers of the law, was asked by the court what he would do if sum- moned as one of a posse to pursvie and capture a fugitive. "I would certainly obey the summons," he replied, "but — I should probably stub my toe and fall down before I reached him."

Note.— Those who wish to pursue the subject of the "Underground Railroad " in Illinois further, are referred to the work of Dr. Siebert, already mentioned, and to the various County Histories which have been issued and may be found in the public libraries; also for interesting inci- dents, to " Ejeminiscences of Levi Coftin," Johnson's "From Dixie to Canada," Petit's Sketches, "Still, Uoder- groimd Kailroad," and a pamphlet of the same title by James H. Fairchild, e.x-Presideut of Oberlin College.

UJiDERWOOD, William H., lawyer, legislator and jurist, was born at Schoharie Court House, N. Y., Feb. 31, 1818, and, after admission to the bar, removed to Belleville, 111., where he began practice in 1840. The following year he was elected State's Attorney, and re-elected in 1843. In 1846 he was chosen a member of the lower house of the General Assembly, and, in 1848-54, sat as Judge of the Second Circuit. During this period he declined a nomination to Congress, although equivalent to an election. In 1856 he was elected State Senator, and re-elected in 1860. He was a member of the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1869-70, and, in 1870, was again elected to the Senate, retiring to private life in 1872. Died, Sept. 23, 1875.

UMOX COUNTY, one of the fifteen counties into which Illinois was divided at the time of its admission as a State — having been organized, under the Territorial Government, in January, 1818. It is situated in the southern division of the State, bounded on the west by the Mississippi River, and has an area of 400 square miles. The eastern and interior portions are drained by the Cache River and Clear Creek. Tlie western part of the county comprises the broad, rich bottom lands lying along the Mississippi, but is subject to frequent overflow, while the eastern portion is hilly, and most of its area originally heavily tim- bered. The county is especially rich in minerals. Iron-ore, lead, bituminous coal, chalk, alum and

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potter's clay are found in considerable abun- dance Several lines of railway (the most impor tant being the Illinois Central; either cross or tap the county. The chief occupation is agri- culture, although manufacturing is carried on to a limited extent. Fruit is extensively cultivated. Jonesboro is the county-seat, and Cobden and Anna important shipping stations. The latter is the location of the Southern Hospital for the Insane. The population of the county, in 1890, was 31,529. Being next to St. Clair, Randolph and Gallatin, one of the earliest settled counties in the State, many prominent men found their first home, on coming into the State, at Jones- boro, and this region, for a time, exerted a strong influence in public affairs. Pop. (1910), 21,8.56.

I'NIOJf LE.VGUE OF AMERICA, a secret poUt- ical and patriotic order which had its origin early in the late Civil War, for the avowed pur- pose of sustaining the cause of the Union and counteracting the machinations of the secret organizations designed to promote the success of the Rebellion. The first regular Council of the order was organized at Pekin, Tazewell County, June 25, 18G2, consisting of eleven members, as follows John W. Glasgow, Dr. D. A. Cheever, Hart Montgomery, Maj. Richard N. CuUom (father of Senator Cullom), Alexander Small, Rev. J. W. M. Vernon, George H. Harlow (after- ward Secretary of State), Charles Turner, Col. Jonathan Merriam, Henry Pratt and L. F. Gar- rett. One of the number was a Union refugee from Tennessee, who dictated the first oath from memory, as administered to members of a some- what similar order which had been organized among the Unionists of his own State. It sol- emnly pledged the taker, (1) to preserve invio- late the secrets and business of the order; (2) to "support, maintain, protect and defend the civil liberties of the Union of these United States against all enemies, either domestic or foreign, at all times and under all circumstances, " even "if necessary, to the sacrifice of life"; (3) to aid in electing only true Union men to offices of trust in the town, county, State and General Government; (4) to assist, protect and defend any member of the order who might be in peril from his connection with the order, and (5) to obey all laws, rules or regulations of any Council to which the taker of the oath might be attached. Tlie oath was taken upon the Bible, the Decla- ration of Independence and Constitution of the United States, the taker pledging his sacred honor to its fulfillment. A special reason for the organization existed in the activity, about this

time, of the "Knights of the Golden Circle," 3 disloyal organization whicli had been introduced from the South, and which afterwards took the name, in the North, of "American Knights" and ' 'Sons of Liberty. ' ' (See Secret Treasonable Soci- eties.) Three months later, the organization had extended to a number of other counties of the State and, on the 25th of September following, the first State Council met at Bloomington — twelve counties being represented — and a State organization w-as effected. At this meeting the following general officers were chosen: Grand President — ■ Judge Mark Bangs, of Marshall County (now of Chicago); Grand Vice-President • — Prof. Daniel Wilkin, of McLean ; Grand Secre- tary— George H. Harlow, of Tazewell; Grand Treasurer — H. S. Austin, of Peoria, Grand Mar- slial— J. R. Gorin, of Macon; Grand Herald — A. Gould, of Henry; Grand Sentinel — John E. Rosette, of Sangamon. An Executive Committee was also appointed, consisting of Joseph MediU of "The Chicago Tribune"; Dr. A. J. McFar- land, of Morgan County ; J. K. Warren, of Macon ; Rev. J. C. Rybolt, of La Salle; the President, Judge Bangs; Enoch Emery, of Peoria; and John E. Rosette. Under the direction of this Committee, with Mr. MediU as its Chairman, the constitution and by-laws were thoroughly revised and a new ritual adopted, which materi- ally changed the phraseology and removed some of the crudities of the original obligation, as well as increased the beauty and impressiveness of the initiatory ceremonies. New signs, grips and pass-words were also adopted, which were finally accepted by the various organizations of the order throughout the Union, which, by this time, included many soldiers in the army, as well as civilians. The second Grand (or State) Council was held at Springfield, January 14, 1863, with only seven counties represented. The limited representation was discouraging, but the mem- bers took heart from the inspiring words of Gov- ernor Yates, addressed to a committee of the order who waited upon him. At a special ses- sion of the Exe^Jutive Committee, held at Peoria, six days later, a vigorous campaign was mapped out, under which agents were sent into nearly every county in the State. In Oc- tober, 1862, the strength of the order in Illi- nois was estimated at three to five thousand; a few months later, the number of enrolled members had increased to 50,000 — so rapid had been the growth of the order. On March 25, 1863, a Grand Council met in Chicago — 404 Councils in Illinois being represented, with

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a number from Oliio, Indiana, Michigan, Wiscon- sin, Iowa and Minnesota. At tliis meeting a Committee was appointed to prepare a plan of organization for a National Grand Council, which was carried out at Cleveland, Ohio, on the 30th of May following — the constitution, ritual and signs of the Illinois organization being adopted with slight modifications. The lovised obligation — taken upon the Bible, the Declaration of Inde- pendence and the Constitution of the United States — bound members of the League to "sup- port, protect and defend the Government of the United States and the flag thereof, against all enemies, foreign and domestic, " and to"beartrue faith and allegiance to the same"; to "defend the State against invasion or insurrection"; to support only "true and reliable men" for offices of trust and profit; to protect and defend worthy members, and to preserve inviolate the secrets of the order. The address to new mem- bers was a model of impressiveness and a powerful appeal to their patriotism. The organization extended rapidly, not only throughout the North- west, but in the South also, especially in the army. In 1864 the number of Councils in Illinois was estimated at 1,300, with a membership of 175,000; and it is estimated that the total mem- bership, throughout the Union, was 2,000,000. The influence of the silent, but zealous and effect- ive, operations of the organization, was shown, not only in the stimulus given to enlistments and support of the war policy of the Government, but in the raising of supplies for the sick and wounded soldiers in the field. Within a few weeks before the fall of Vicksburg, over §25,000 in cash, besides large quantities of stores, were sent to Col. John Williams (then in charge of the Sanitary Bureau at Springfield), as the direct result of appeals made through circulars sent out by the officers of the "League." Large contri- butions of money and supplies also reached the sick and wounded in hospital through the medium of the Sanitary Commission in Chicago. Zealous efforts were made by the opposition to get at the secrets of the order, and, in one case, a complete copy of the ritual was published by one of their organs ; but the effect was so far the reverse of what was anticipated, that this line of attack was not continued. During the stormy session of the Legislature in 18G3, the League is said to have rendered effective service in protecting Gov- ernor Yates from threatened assassination. It continued its silent but effective operations until the complete overthrow of the rebellion, when it ceased to exist as a political organization.

UNITED STATES SENATORS. The follow- ing is a list of United States senators from Illinois, from the date of the admission of the State into the Union until 1899, with the date and duration of the term of each: Ninian Edwards, 1818-24; Jesse B. Thomas, Sr., 1818-29; John McLean, 1834-35 and 1829-30; EUas Kent Kane, 1825-35; David Jewett Baker, Nov. 12 to Dec. 11, 1830; John M. Robinson, 1830-41 ; William L. D. Ewing, 1835-37; Richard M. Young, 1837-43; Samuel Mc- Roberts, 1841-43; Sidney Breese, 1843-49; James Seniple, 1843-47; Stephen A. Douglas, 1847-61; James Shields, 1849-55; Lyman Trumbull, 1855-73; Orville H. Browning, 1861-63; William A. Rich- ardson, 1863-65 ; Richard Yates, 1863-71 ; John A. Logan, 1871-77 and 1879-86; Richard J. Oglesby, 1873-79; David Davis, 1877-83; Shelby M. CuUom, first elected in 1883, and re-elected four times, his fifth term expiring in 1912; Charles B. Farwell, 1887-91; John McAuley Palmer, 1891-97; William E. Ma.son, 1897-1903; Albert J. Hopkins, 1903-09; William Lorimcr, 1909—.

UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO (The New). One of the leading educational institutions of the country, located at Chicago. It is the outgrowth of an attempt, put forth by the American Educa- tional Society (organized at Washington in 1888), to supply the place which the original institution of the same name had been designed to fill. (See University of Chicago— Tlie Old.) The following year, Mr. John D. Rockefeller of New York ten- dered a contribution of $600, 000 toward the endow- ment of the enterprise, conditioned upon securing additional pledges to i.he amount of .$400,000 by June 1, 1890. The offer was accepted, and the sum promptly raised. In addition, a site, covering four blocks of land in the city of Chicago, was secured — two and one-half blocks being acquired by purchase for $282,500, and one and one-half (valued at $125,000) donated by Mr. Marshall Field. A charter was secured and an organiza- tion effected, Sept. 10, 1890. The Presidency of the institution was tendered to, and accepted by. Dr. William R, Harper. Since that time the University has been the recipient of other gener- ous benefactions by Mr. Rockefeller and others, until the aggregate donations (1898) e.xceed $10,- 000,000. Of this amount over one-half has been contributed by Mr. Rockefeller, while he has pledged himself to make additional contributions of $2,000,000, conditioned upon the raising of a like sum, from other donors, by Jan. 1, 1900. The buildings erected on the campus, prior to 1896, include a chemical laboratory costing $182,000; a lecture hall, $150,000; a physical laboratory

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§150,000; a museum, §100,000; an academy dor- mitory, $30,000; three dormitories for women, §150,000; two dormitories for men, §100,000, to which several important additions were made during 1896 and 97. The faculty embraces over 150 instructors, selected with reference to their fitness for their respective departments from among the most eminent scholars in America and Europe. Women are admitted as students and graduated upon an equality with men. The work of practical instruction began in October, 1892, with 589 registered students, coming from nearly every Northern State, and including 250 gradu- ates from other institutions, to which accessions were made, during the year, raising the aggregate to over 900. The second year the number ex- ceeded 1,100; the third, it rose to 1,750, and the fourth (1895-9G), to some 2,000, including repre- sentatives from every State of the Union, besides many from foreign countries. Special features of the institution include the admission of gradu- ates from other institutions to a post-graduate course, and the University Extension Division, which is conducted largely by means of lecture courses, in other cities, or through lecture centers in the vicinity of the University, non-resident students having the privilege of written exami- nations. The various libraries embrace over 300,000 volumes, of which nearly 60,000 belong to what are called the "Departmental Libraries,'" besides a large and valuable collection of maps and pamphlets.

UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO (The Old), an educational institution at Chicago, under the care of the Baptist denomination, for some j-ears known as the Douglas University. Senator Stephen A. Douglas offered, in 1854, to donate ten acres of land, in what was then near the southern border of the city of Chicago, as a site for an institvition of learning, provided buildings cost- ing §100,000, be erected thereon within a stipu- lated time. The corner-stone of the main building was laid, July 4, 1857, but the financial panic of that year prevented its comi^letion, and Mr. Doug- las extended the time, and finally deeded the land to tlie trustees without reserve. For eighteen years the institution led a precarious existence, struggling under a heavy debt. By 1885, mort- gages to the amount of §320,000 having accumu- lated, the trustees abandoned further effort, and acquiesced in the sale of the property under fore- closure proceedings. Tlie original plan of the institution contemplated preparatory and col- legiate departments, together with a college of law and a theological school.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, the leading edu- cational institution under control of the State, located at Urbana and adjoining the city of Champaign. The Legislature at the session of 1863 accepted a grant of 480,000 Ucres of land under Act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, making an appropriation of public lands to States — 30,000 acres for each Senator and each Representative in Congress — establishing colleges for teaching agri- culture and the mechanic arts, though not to the exclusion of classical and scientific studies. Land- scrip under this grant was issued and placed in the liands of Governor Yates, and a Board of Trustees appointed under the State law was organ- ized in March, 1867, the institution being located the same 3'ear. Departments and courses of study were established, and Dr. John M. Gregory, of Michigan, was chosen Regent (President). — The landscrip issued to Illinois was sold at an early day for wliat it wonld bring in open market, except 25,000 acres, which was located in Ne- braska and Minnesota. Tliis has recently been sold, realizing a larger sura than was received for all the scrip otherwise disposed of. The entire sum thus secured for permanent endowment ag- gregates §613,026. The University revenues were further increased by donations from Congress to each institution organized under the Act of 1862, of §15,000 per annum for the maintenance of an Agricultural Experiment Station, and, in 1890, of a similar amount for instruction — the latter to be increased §1,000 annually until it should reach §25,000. — A mechanical building was erected in 1871, and this is claimed to have been the first of its kind in America intended for strictly educa- tional purposes. Wliat was called "the main building" was formally opened in December, 1873. Other buildings embrace a "Science Hall," opened in 1892; a new "Engineering Hall,"' 1894; a fine Library Building, 1897. Eleven other prin- cipal structures and a number of smaller ones have been erected as conditions required. The value of property aggregates nearly §2,500,000, and appropriations' from the State, for all purposes, previous to 1904, foot up §5,123,517.90.— Since 1871 the institution has been open to women. The courses of study embrace agriculture, chem- istry, polytechnics, military tactics, natural and general sciences, languages and literature, eco- nomics, household science, trade and commerce. The Graduate School dates from 1891. In 1896 the Chicago College of Pharmacy was connected with the University: a College of Law and a Library School were opened in 1897, and the same year the Chicago College of Physicians and Sur-

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541

geons was affiliated as the College of Medicine — a School of Dentistry being added to the latter in 1901. In 1885 the State Laboratory of Natural History was transferred from Normal, 111., and an Agricultural Experiment Station entablished in 1888, from which bulletins are sent to farmers throughout the State who may desire them. — The fi.rst name of the Institution was "Illinois Indus- trial University," but, in 1885, this was changed to "University of Illinois." In 1887 the Trustees (of whom there are nine) were made electivo by popular vote — three being elected every tv,-o years, each holding office six years. Dr. Gregory, having resigned the office of Regent in 1880, was succeeded by Dr. Sejim H. Peabody, who had been Professor of Mechanical and Civil Engineer- ing. Dr. Peabod}' resigned in 1891. The duties of Regent were then discharged by Prof. Thomas J. Burrill until August, 1894, when Dr. Andrew Sloan Draper, former State Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of New York, was installed as President, serving until 1904. — The corps of instruction (1904) includes over 100 Pro- fessors, 60 Associate and Assistant Professors and 200 Instructors and Assistants, besides special lecturers, demonstrators and clerks. The num- ber of students has increased rapidly in recent years, as shown by the following totals for suc- cessive years from 1890-91 to 1903-04, inclusive: 519; 583; 714; 743; 810; 853; 1,075: 1,582; 1,824; 2,234; 2,505; 2,933: 3,289; 3,589. Of the last num- ber, 2,271 were men and 718 women. During 1903-04 there were in all departments at Urbana, 3,547 students (256 being in the Preparatory Aca- demy) ; and in the three Professional Departments in Chicago, 1,043, of whom 694 were in the Col- lege of Medicine, 185 in the School of Pharmacy, and 163 in the School of Dentistry. The Univer- sity Library contains 63,700 volumes and 14,500 pamphlets, not including 5,3.50 volumes and 15,850 pamphlets in the State Laboratory of Nat- ural History. — The University occupies a con- spicuous and attractive site, embracing 330 acres adjacent to the line between Uibana and Cham- paign, and near the residence portion of the two cities. The athletic field of 11 acres, on which stand the gymnasium and armory, is enclosed with an ornamental iron fence. The campus, otherwise, is an open and beautiful park with fine landscape effects.

UNORGANIZED COUNTIES. In addition to the 103 counties into which Illinois is divided, acts were passed by the General Assembly, at different times, providing for the organiza- tion of a number of others, a few of which

were subsequently organized under different names, but the majority of which were never organized at all — the proposition for such or- ganization being rejected by vote of the people within the proposed boundaries, or allowed to lapse by non-action. These unorganized coun- ties, with the date of the several acts authorizing them, .:.,nd the territory which they were in- tended to include, were as follows: Allen County (1841) — comprising portions of Sanga- mon, Morgan and Macoupin Counties; Audobon (Audubon) County (1843) — from portions of Mont- gomery, Fayette and Shelby; Benton County (1843) — from Morgan, Greene and Macoupin; Coffee County (1837) — with substantially the same territory now comprised within the bound- aries of Stark County, authorized two years later; Dane County (1839) — name changed to Christian in 1840; Harrison County (1855) — from McLean, Chamimign and Vermilion, com- prising territory since partially incorporated in Ford County; Holmes County (1857)— from Champaign and Vermilion; Marquette County (1843), changed (1847) to Highland— compris- ing the northern portion of Adams, (this act was accepted, with Columbus as the county- seat, but organization finally vacated) ; Michi- gan County (1837)— from a part of Cook; Milton County (1843) — from the south part of Vermil- ion; Okaw County (1841) — comprising substan- tially the same territory as Moultrie, organized under act of 1843; Oregon County (1851) — from parts of Sangamon, Morgan and Macoupin Coun- ties, and covering substantially the same terri- tory as proposed to be incorporated in Allen County ten years earlier. The last act of this character was passed in 1867, when an attempt was made to organize Lincoln County out o_ parts of Champaign and Vermilion, but whicQ failed for want of an affirmative vote.

UPPER ALTON, a city of Madison County, situated on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, about IJ miles northeast of Altou— laid out in 1816. It has several churches, and is the seat of Shurtleflf College and the Western Military Academy, the former founded about 1831, and controlled by the Baptist denomination. Beds of excellent clay are found in the vicinity and utilized in pottery manufacture. Pop. (1900), 2,373; (1910), 2,918.

UPTON, George Putnam, journalist, was born at Roxbury, Mass., Oct. 25, 18:34; graduated from Brown University in 1854, removed to Chicago in 1855, and began newspaper work on "The Native American," the following year taking the lilace of citj- editor of "The Evening Jour-

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nal." In 1862, Mr. Upton became musical critic on "The Chicago Tribune," serving for a time also as its war correspondent in the field, later (about 1881) taking a place on the general edi- torial staff, which he still retains. He is regarded as an authority on musical and dramatic topics. Mr. Upton is also a stockholder in, and, for sev- eral years, has been Vice-President of the "Trib- une" Company. Besides numerous contributions to magazines, his works include: "Letters of Peregrine Pickle" (1869) ; "Memories, a Story of German Love," translated from the German of Ma.x MuUer (1879); "Woman in Music" (1880); "Lives of German Composers" (3 vols.— 1883-84); besides four volumes of standard operas, oratorios, cantatas, and symphonies (1885-88).

URBANA, a flourishing city, the county-seat of Champaign County, on Ihe "Big Four," the Illinois Central and the Wabash Railways: 130 miles south of Chicago and 31 miles west of Dan- ville; in agricultural and coal-mining region. The mechanical industries include extensive rail- road shops, manufacture of brick, suspenders and lawn-mowers. The Cunningham Deaconesses' Home and Orphanage is located here. The city has water-woiks, gas and electric light plants, electric car-lines (local and interurban), superior schools, nine churches, three banks and three newspapers. Urbana is the seat of the University of Illinois. Pop. (1900), .5,728; (1910), S,245.

DSRET, William J., editor and soldier, was born at Wasliington (near Natchez), Miss., May 16, 1827; was educated at Natchez, and, before reaching manhood, came to Macon County, 111., where he engaged in teaching until 1846, when he enlisted as a private in Company C, Fourth Illinois Volunteers, for the Mexican War. In 18.55, he joined with a Mr. Wingate in the estab- lishment, at Decatur, of "The Illinois State Chron- icle," of which he soon after took sole charge, conducting the paper until 1861, when he enlisted in the Thii'ty-fifth Illinois Volunteers and was appointed Adjutant. Although born and edu- cated in a slave State, Mr. Usrey was an earnest opponent of slavery, as proved by the attitude of his paper in opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Bill. He was one of the most zealous endorsers of the proposition for a conference of the Anti- Nebraska editors of the State of Illinois, to agree upon a line of policy in opposition to the further extension of slavery, and, when that body met at Decatur, on Feb. 22, 1856, he served as its Secre- tary, thus taking a prominent part in the initial steps which resulted in the organization of the Republican party in Illinois. (See Anti-Kcbi-aska

Editorial Conveniion.) After returning from the war he resumed his place as editor of "The Chronicle," but finally retired from newspaper work in 1871. He was twice Postmaster of the city of Decatur, first previous to 1850, and again under the administration of President Grant; served also as a member of the City Council and was a member of the local Post of the G. A. R., and Secretary of the Macon County Association of Mexican War Veterans. Died, at Decatur, Jan. 20, 1894.

UTICA, (also called North Utica), a village of La Salle County, on the Illinois & Michigan Canal and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, 10 miles west of QJ,tawa, situated on the Illinois River opposite "Starved Rock," also believed to stand on the site of the Kaskaskia village found by the French Explorer, La Salle, when he first visited Illinois. "Utica cement" is produced here ; it also has several factories or mills, besides banks and a weekly paper. Popu- lation (1890), 1,094; (1900), 1,150;" (1910), 97G.

VAN ARNAM, John, lawyer and soldier, was born at Plattsburg, N. Y., March 3, 1820. Hav- ing lost his father at five years of age, he went to live with a farmer, but ran away in his boyhood; later, began teaching, studied law, and was ad- mitted to the bar in New York City, beginning practice at Marshall, Mich. In 1858 he removed to Chicago, and, as a member of the firm of Walker, Van Arnam & Dexter, became promi- nent as a criminal lawyer and railroad attorney, being for a time Solicitor of the Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railroad. In 1862 he assisted in organizing the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry and was commissioned its Colonel, but was compelled to resign on accoiuit of illness. After spending some time in California, he resumed practice in Chicago in 1865. His later years were spent in California, dying at San Diego, in that State, April 6, 1890.

VANDALIA, the principal city and county -seat of Fayette County. It is situated on the Kas- kaskia River, 30 miles north of Centralia, 63 miles south by west of Decatur, and 68 miles east-northeast of St. Louis. It is an intersecting point for the Illinois Central and the St. Louis, Vandalia and Terre Haute Railroads. It was the capital of the State from 1820 to 1839, the seat of government being removed to Springfield, the latter year, in accordance with act of the General Assembly passed at the session of 1837. It con- tains a court house (old State Capitol building), six churches, two banks, three weekly papers, a

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graded school, flour, saw and paper mills, foundry, stave and heading mill, carriage and wagon and brick works. Pop. (1900), 2,665; (1910), 2,974.

VANDEVEEK, Horatio M., pioneer lawyer, was born in Washington County, Ind., March 1, 1816; came with his family to Illinois at an early age, settling on Clear Creek, now in Christian County; taught school and studied law, using books borrowed from the late Hon. John T. Stuart of Springfield ; was elected first County Recorder of Christian County and, soon after, appointed Circuit Clerk, filling both offices three years. He also held the office of County Judge from 1848 to 1857- was twice chosen Representative in the General Assembly (1843 and 1850) and once to the State Senate (1863); in 1846, enlisted and was chosen Captain of a company for the Mexican War, but, having been rejected on account of the quota being full, was appointed Assistant-Quarter- master, in this capacity serving on the staff of General Taylor at the battle of Buena Vista. Among other offices held by Mr. Vandeveer, were those of Postmaster of Tajdorville, Jlaster in Chancery, Presidential Elector (1848), Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1803, and Judge of the Circuit Court (1870-79). In 1868 Judge Vandeveer established the private banking firm of H. M. Vandeveer & Co., at Taylorville, which, in conjunction with his sons, he continued successfully during the remainder of his life. Died, March 13, 1894.

VAN HORNE, William C, Railway Manager and President, was born in Will County, 111., February, 1843 ; began his career as a telegraph operator on the Illinois Central Railroad in 18.56, was attached to the Michigan Central and Chi- cago & Alton Railroads (1858-73), later being General Manager or General Superintendent of various other lines (1873-79). He next served as General Superintendent of the Chicago, Milwau- kee & St. Paul, but soon after became General Manager of the Canadian Pacific, which he assisted to construct to the Pacific Coast; was elected Vice-President of the line in 1884, and its President in 1888. His services have been recog- nized by conferring upon him the order of knighthood by the British Government.

VASSEUR, Noel C, pioneer Indian-trader, was born of Frencli parentage in Canada, Dec. 25, 1799; at the age of 17 made a trip with a trading party to the West, crossing Wisconsin by way of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, the route pursued by Joliet and Marquette in 1673 ; later, was associ- ated with Gurdon S. Hubbard in the service of the American Fur Company, in 1820 visiting the

region now embraced in Iroquois County, where he and Hubbard subsequently established a trad- ing post among the Pottawatomie Indians, believed to have been the site of the present town of Iroquois. The way of reaching their station from Chicago was by the Chicago and Des Plaines Rivers to tlie Kankakee, and ascending the latter and the Iroquois. Here Vasseur re- mained in trade until the removal of the Indians west of the Mississippi, in which he served as agent of the Government. While in the Iroquois region he married Watseka, a somewhat famous Pottawatomie woman, for whom the town of Watseka was named, and who had previously been the Indian wife of a fellow-trader. His later years were spent at Bourbonnais Grove, in Kankakee County, where he died, Dec. 12, 1879.

VENICE, a city of Madison County, on the Mississippi River opposite St. Louis and 3 miles north of East St. Louis ; is touched by six trunk lines of railroad, and at the eastern approach to the new "'Merchants' Bridge," with its round- house, has two ferries to St. Louis, sti'eet car line, electric lights, water-works, some manufactures and a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 2,4,50; (1910), 3,718.

VENICE & CARONDELET RAILROAD. (See Louisville, Evcnsville & St. Louis (Consolidated) Railroad.)

VERMILION COUNTY, an eastern county, bordering on the Indiana State line, and drained by the Vermilion and Little Vermilion Rivers, from which it takes its name. It was originally organized in 1836, when it extended north to Lake Michigan. Its present area is 882 square miles. The discovery of salt springs, in 1819, aided in attracting immigration to this region, but the manufacture of salt was abandoned many years ago. Early settlers were Seymour Treat, James Butler, Henry Johnston, Harvey Lidington, Gurdon S. Hubbard and Daniel W. Beckwith. James Butler and Achilles Morgan were the first County Commissioners. Many interesting fossil remains have been found, among them the skeleton of a mastodon (1868). Fire clay is found in large quantities, and two coal seams cross the county. The surface is level and the soil fertile. Corn is the chief agricultural product, although oats, wheat, rye, and potatoes are extensively cultivated. Stock-raising and wool-growing are important industries. There are also several manufactories, chiefly at Dan- ville, which is the county-seat. Coalmining is carried on extensively, especially in the vicin- ity of Danville. Population (1880), 41,588; (1890), 49,905; (1900), 65,635; (1910), 77,996.

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VERMILION RIVER, a tributary of the Illi- nois; rises in Ford and the northern part of McLean County, and, running northwestward through Livingston and the southern part of La Salle Counties, enters the Illinois River nearly oj^posite the city of La Salle ; has a length of about 80 miles.

VERMILION RIVER, an affluent of the Wa- bash, formed by the union of the North, Middle and South Forks, which rise in Illinois, and come together near Danv-Jle in this State. It flows southeastward, and enters the Wabash in Vermilion County, Ind. The main stream is about 28 miles long. The South Fork, however, which rises in Champaign County and runs east- ward, has a length of nearly 75 miles. The Little Vermilion River enters the Wabash about 7 or 8 miles below the Vermilion, which is some- times called the Big Vermilion, by way of distinction.

VERMONT, a village in Fulton County, at junction of Galesburg and St. Louis Division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 34 miles north of Beardstown; has a carriage manu- factory, flour and saw-mills, brick and tile works, electric light plant, besides two banks, four churches, two graded schools, and one weekly newspaper. An artesian well has been sunk here to the depth of 2,600 feet. Pop (1910), 1, US.

VERSAILLES, a town of Brown County, on the Wabash Railway, 48 miles east of Quiucy: is in a timloer and agricultural district; has a bank and weekly newspaper. Pop. (1910), 557.

VIENNA, the county-seat of Johnson County, situated on the Cairo and Vincennes branch of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, 36 lailes north-northwest of Cairc. It has a court house, several churches, a graded school, banks and two weekly newspapers. Pop. (1890), 828; (1900), 1.217; (1910), 1,124.

VIGO, Francois, pioneer and early Indian- trader, was born at Mondovi, Sardinia (Western Italy), in 1747, served as a private soldier, first at Havana and afterwards at New Orleans. When he left the Spanish army he came to St. Louis, then the military lieadquarters of Spain for Upper Louisiana, where he became a partner of Com- mandant de Leba, and was extensively engaged in the fur-trade among the Indians on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. On the occupation of Kaskaskia by Col. George Rogers Clark in 1778. he rendered valuable aid to the Americans, turn- ing out supplies to feed Clark's destitute soldiers, and accepting Virginia Continental money, at par, in payment, incurring liabilities in excess of

§20,000. This, followed by the confiscation policy of the British Colonel Hamilton, at Vincennes, where Vigo had considerable property, reduced him to extreme penury. H. W. Beckwith says that, towards the close of his Ufe, he lived on his little homestead near Vincennes, in great poverty but cheerful to the last He was never recom- pensed diu'ing his life for his sacrifices in behalf of the American cause, though a tardy restitution was attempted, after his death, by the United States Government, for the benefit of his heirs. He died, at a ripe old age, at Vincennes, Ind., March 22, 1835.

A'lLLA GROVE, a village of Douglas County on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad, eight miles northeast of Tascola. Pop. (1910), 1,828.

VINCENNES, Jean Baptiste Bissot, a Canadian explorer, born at Quebec, January, 1688, of aris- tocratic and wealthy ancestry. He was closely connected with Louis Joliet — probably his brother-in-law, although some historians say that he was the latter's nephew. He entered the Canadian army as ensign in 1701, and had a long and varied experience as an Indian fighter. About 1725 he took up his residence on what is now the site of the present city of Vincennes, Ind., which is named in his honor. Here he erected an earth fort and established a trading- post. In 1726, under orders, he co-operated with D'Artaguiette (then the French Governor of Illi- nois) in an expedition against the Chickasaws. The expedition resulted disastrously. Vincennes and D'Artaguiette were captured and burned at the stake, together with Father Senat (a Jesuit priest) and others of the command. (See also D'Artaguiette; French Oovemors of lUiiiois.)

VIRDEN, a city of Macoupin County, on the Chicago & Alton and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads. 21 miles south by west from Springfield, and 31 miles east-southeast of Jack- sonville. It nas five churches, two banks, two newspapers, telephone service, electric lights, grain elevators, machine shop, and extensive coal mines. Pop. (1900), 2,2S0; (1910), 4,000.

VIRGINI.A,an incorporated city, the county- seat of Cass County, situated at the intersection of the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis, with the Spring- field Division of the Baltimore & Ohio South- western Railroad, 15 miles north of Jacksonville, and 33 miles west-northwest of Springfield. It lies in the heart of a rich agricultural region. There is a flouring mill here, besides manu- factories of wagons and cigars. The city has two National and one State bank, five churches, a

HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

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high school, and two weekly papers. Pop. (1890), 1,602; (1900), 1,000; (1910), 1,301.

VOCKE, William, lawyer, was born at Min- den, Westphalia (Germany), in 1839, the son of a Government Secretary in the Prussian service. Having lost his father at an early age, he emi- grated to America in 1856, and, after a short stay in New York, came to Chicago, where he found employment as a paper-carrier for "The Staats-Zeitung, '" meanwhile giving his attention to the study of law. Later, he became associated with a real-estate firm ; on the commencement of the Civil War, enlisted as a private in a three months' regiment, and, finally, in the Twenty-fourth Illinois (the first Hecker regi- ment), in which he rose to the rank of Captain. Returning from the army, he was employed as city editor of "The Staats-Zeitung," but, in 1865, became Clerk of the Chicago Police Court, serving until 1869. Meanwhile he had been admitted to the bar, and, on retirement from oifice, began practice, but, in 1870, was elected Representative in the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, in which he bore a leading part in framing "the burnt record act" made necessary by the fire of 1871. He was still later engaged in the practice of his profession, having been, for a number of years, attorney for the German Consulate at Chicago, also serving, for several years, on the Chicago Board of Education. Mr. Vocke was a man of high literary tastes, as shown b3' his publication, in 1869, of a volume of poems translated from the German, which has been highly commended, besides a legal work on "The Administration of Justice in the United States, and a Synopsis of the Mode of Procedure in our Federal and State Courts and All Federal and State Laws relating to Subjects of Interest to Aliens," which has been published in the Ger- man Language, and is highly valued by German lawyers and business men. Mr. Vocke was a member of the Republican National Convention of 1872.at Philadelphia, which nominated General Grant for the Presidency in 1S72. Died May 3, 1907.

VOLK, Leonard Wells, a distinguished Illinois sculptor, born at Wellstown (afterwards Wells), N. Y., Nov. 7, 1828. Later, his father, who was a marble cutter, removed to Pittsfleld, Mass., and, at the age of 10, Leonard began work in his shop. In 1848 he came west and began model- ing in clay and drawing at St. Louis, being only self-taught. He married a cousin of Stephen A. Douglas, and the latter, in 1855, aided him in the prosecution of his art studies in Italy. Two years afterward he settled in Chicago, where he

modeled the first portrait bust ever made in the city, having for his subject his first patron — the "Little Giant." The next year (1858) he made a life-size marble statue of Douglas. In 1860 he made a portrait bust of Abraham Lincoln, which passed into the possession of the Chicago His- torical Society and was destroyed in the great fire of 1871. In 1808-69, and again in 1871-73, he revisited Italy for purposes of study. In 1867 he was elected academician of the Chicago Academy, and was its President for eight years. He was genial, companionable and charitable, and always ready to assist his younger and less fortunate pro- fessional brethren. His best known works are the Douglas Monument, in Chicago, several soldiers' monuments in dilferent parts of the countiy, the statuary for the Henry Keep mausoleum at Watertown, N. Y., life-size statues of Lincoln and Douglas, in the State House at Springfield, and numerous portrait busts of men eminent in political, ecclesiastical and commercial life. Died, at Osceola, Wis., August 18, 1895.

TOSS, Arno, journalist, lawyer and soldier, born in Prussia, April 16, 1821 ; emigrated to the United States and was admitted to the bar in Chicago, in 1848, the same year becoming editor of "The Staats-Zeitung"; was elected City Attorney in 1852, and again m 1853; in 1861 became Major of the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, but afterwards assisted in organizing the Twelfth Cavalry, of which he was commissioned Colonel, still later serving with his command in Vir- ginia. He was at Harjier's Ferry at the time of the capture of that place in September, 1862, but succeeded in cutting his way, with his command, through the rebel lines, escaping into Pennsyl- vania. Compelled by ill-health to leave the serv- ice in 1863, he retired to a farm in Will County, but, in 1869, returned to Chicago, where he served as Master in Chancery and was elected to the lower branch of the General Assembly in 1876, but declined a re-election in 1878. Died, in Chi- cago, March 23, 1888.

WABASH, CHESTER & WESTERN RAIL- ROAD, a railway running from Chester to Mount Vernon, 111., 63.33 miles, with a branch extend- ing from Chester to Menard. 1.5 miles; total mileage, 64.83. It is of standard gauge, and almost entirely laid with 60-pound steel rails. — (History.) It was organized, Feb. 20, 1878, as successor to the Iron Mountain, Chester & East- ern Railroad. During the fiscal year 1893-94 the Company purchased the Tamaroa & Mount Ver- non Railroad, extending from Mount Vernon to

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Tamaroa, 22.5 miles. Capital stock (1898), Sl,- 250,000; bonded indebtedness, §690,000; total capitalization, §2,028,573.

WABASH COU>'TY, situated in the southeast corner of the State ; area 220 square miles. The county was carved out from Edwards in 1824, and the first court house built at Centerville, in May, 1826. Later, Mount Carmel was made the county-seat. (See Mount Carmel.) The Wabash Eiver drains the county on the east; other streams are the Bon Pas, CoiTee and Crawfish Creeks. The surface is undulating with a fair growth of timber. The chief industries are the raising of live-stock and the cultivation of cere- als. The wool-crop is likewise valuable. The county is crossed by the Louisville. Evansville & St. Louis and the Cairo and Vincennes Division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroads. Population (1880), 4,945; (1890). 11,866; (1900), 12,.5S3; (1910), 14,913.

WABASH RAILROAD, an extensive raikoad system connecting the cities of Detroit and Toledo, on the east, with Kansas City and Council Bluffs, on the west, with branches to Chicago, St. Louis, Quincy and Altamont, 111., and to Keokuk and Des Moines, Iowa. The total mileage (1898) is 1,874.96 miles, of which 677.4 miles are in Illi- nois— all of the latter being the property of the company, besides 176.7 miles of yard-tracks, sid- ings and spurs. The company has trackage privileges over the Toledo, Peoria & Western (6.5 miles) between Elvaston and Keokuk bridge, and over the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy (21.8 miles) between Camp Point and Quincj-. — (IIis- TOEY.) A considerable portion of this road in Illinois is constructed on the line upon which the Northern Cross Railroad was projected, in the "internal improvement" scheme adopted in 1837, and embraces the only section of road completed under that scheme — that between the Illinois River and Springfield. (1) The construction of this section was begun by the State, Slay 11, 1837, the first rail laid. May 9, 1838, the road completed to Jacksonville, Jan. 1, 1840, and to Springfield, May 13, 1842. It was operated for a time by "mule power," but the income was in- sufficient to keep the line in repair and it was finally abandoned. In 1847 the line ^vas sold for 121,100 to N. H. Ridgely and Thomas Mather of Springfield, and by them transferred to New York capitalists, who organized the Sangamon & Morgan Railroad Companj', reconstructed the road from Springfield to Naples and opened it for business in 1849. (2) In 1853 two corporations were organized in Ohio and Indiana, respectively,

under the name of the Toledo & Illinois Railroad and the Lake Erie, Wabash & St. Louis Railroad, which were consolidated as the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railroad, June 25, 1856. In 1858 these lines were sold separately under foreclo- sure, and finally reorganized, under a special char- ter granted by the Illinois Legislature, under the name of the Great Western Railroad Company. (3) The Quincy & Toledo Railroad, extending from Camp Point to the Illinois River opposite Meredosia, was constructed in 1858-59, and that, with the Illinois & Southern Iowa (from Clay- ton to Keokuk), was united, July 1, 1865, with the eastern divisions extending to Toledo, the new organization taking the name of the main line, (Toledo, Wabash & Western). (4) The Hannibal & Naples Division (49.6 miles), from Bluffs to Hannibal, Mo., was chartered in 1863, opened for business in 1870 and leased to the Toledo, Wabash & Western. The latter defaulted on its interest in 1875, was placed in the hands of a receiver and, in 1877, was turned over to a new company under the name of the Wabash Railway Company. (5) In 1868 the company, as it then existed, promoted and secured the con- struction, and afterwards acquired the owner- ship, of a line extending from Decatur to East St. Louis (110.5 miles) under the name of the Deca- tur & East St. Louis Railroad. (6) The Eel River Railroad, from Butler to Logansport, Ind., was acquired in 1877, and afterwards extended to Detroit under the name of the Detroit, Butler & St. Louis Railroad, completing the connection from Logansport to Detroit. — In November, 1879, the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Com- pany was organized, took the propert}' and con- solidated it with certain lines west of the Mississippi, of which tlie chief was the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern. A line had been pro- jected from Decatur to Chicago as early as 1870, but, not having been constructed in 1881, the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific purchased what was known as the Chicago & Paducah Railroad, \miting with the main line at Bement, and (by way of the Decatur and St. Louis Division) giv- ing a direct line between Chicago and St. Louis. At this time the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific wal operating the following additional leased lines: Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur (67.2 miles); Hannibal & Central Missouri (70.2 miles); Lafayette, Mun- cie & Bloomington (36.7 miles), and the Lafayette Bloomington & Muncie (80 miles). A connection between Chicago on the west and Toledo and Detroit on the east was established over the Grand Trtmk road in 1882, but, in 1890, the com-

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pany constructed a line from Montpelier, Ohio, to Clark, Ind. (149.7 miles), thence by track lease to Chicago (17.5 miles), giving an independent line between Chicago and Detroit by what is known to investors as the Detroit & Chicago Division.

The total mileage of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific system, in 1884, amounted to over 3,600 miles ; but, in May of that year, default having been made in the payment of interest, the work of disintegration began. The main line east of the Mississippi and that on the west were sepa- rated, the latter taking the name of the "Wabash Western." The Eastern Division was placed in the hands of a receiver, so remaining until May, 1889, when the two divisions, having been bought in by a purchasing committee, were consolidated under the present name. The total earnings and income of the road in Illinois, for the fiscal year 1898, were $4,403,621, and the expenses $4,836,110. The total capital invested (1898) was $139,889,648, including capital stock of §52,000,000 and bonds to the amount of $81,- 534,000.

WABASH BITER, rises in north%vestern Ohio, passes into Indiana, and runs northwest to Hun- tington. It then flows nearly due west to Logans- port, thence southwest to Covington, finally turning southward to Terre Haute, a few miles below which it strikes the western boundary of Indiana. It forms the boundary between Illinois and Indiana (taking into account its numerous windings) for some 200 miles. Below Vincennes it runs in a south-southwesterly direction, and enters the Ohio at the south-west extremity of Indiana, near latitude 37° 49' north. Its length is estimated at 557 miles.

WABASH & MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. (See Illinois Central Railroad.)

WABASH, ST. LOUIS & PACIFIC RAIL- ROAD. (See Wabash Railroad. )

WABASH & WESTERN RAILROAD. (See Wabash Railroad.)

WAIT, WiUiam Smith, pioneer, and original suggestor of the Illinois Central Railroad, was born in Portland, Maine, JIarch 5, 1789, and edu- cated in tlie public schools of his native place. In his youth he entered a book-publishing house in which his father was a partner, and was for a time associated with the publication of a weekly paper. Later the business was conducted at Boston, and extended over the Ea.5tern, Middle, and Southern States, the subject of this sketch making extensive tours in the interest of the firm. In 1817 he made a tour to the West,

reaching St. Louis, and, early in the following year, visited Bond County, 111., where he made his first entry of land from the Government. Returning to Boston a few months later, he con- tinued in the service of the publishing firm until

1820, when he again came to Illinois, and, in

1821, began farming in Ripley Township, Bond County. Returning East in 1824, he spent the next ten years in the employment of the publish- ing firm, with occasional visits to Illinois. In 1835 he located permanently near Greenville, Bond County, and engaged extensively in farm- ing and fruit-raising, planting one of the largest apple orchards in the State at that early day. In 1845 he presided as chairman over the National Industrial Convention in New York, and, in 1848, was nominated as the candidate of the National Reform Association for Vice-President on the tic^ket with Gerrit Smith of New York, but declined. He was also prominent in County and State Agricultural Societies. Mr Wait has been credited with being one of the first (if not the very first) to suggest the construction of the Illinois Central Railroad, which he did as early as 1835 ; was also one of the prime movers in the construction of the Mississippi & Atlantic Rail- road— now the "Vandalia Line" — giving much time to the latter enterprise from 1846 for many years, and was one of tlie original incorporators of the St. Louis & Illinois Bridge Company. Died, July 17, 1865.

WALKER, Cyrus, pioneer, lawyer, born in Rockbridge County, Va., May 14, 1791; was taken while an infant to Adair County, Ky., and came to Macomb, 111., in 1833, being the second lawyer to locate in McDonough County. He had a wide reputation as a successful advocate, especially in criminal cases, and practiced extensively in the courts of Western Illinois and also in Iowa. Died, Dec. 1, 1875. Mr. Walker was uncle of the late Pinkney H. Walker of the Supreme Court, who studied law with him. He was Whig candidate for Presidential Elector for the State-at-large in 1840.

WALKER, James Barr, clergyman, was born in Philadelphia, July 29, 1805; in his youth served as errand-boy in a country store near Pittsburg and spent four years ia a printing office ; then became clerk in the office of Mordecai M. Noah, in New York, studied law and gTadu- ated from Western Reserve College, Ohio; edited various religious papers, including "The Watch- man of the Prairies" (now "The Advance") of Chicago, was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Chicago, and for some time was lecturer on

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"Harmony between Science and Revealed Reli- gion" at Oberlin College and Chicago Theological Seminary. He was author of several volumes, one of %vhich — "The Philosophy of the Plan of Salvation," published anonymously under the editorship of Prof. Calvin E. Stowe (1855) — ran through several editions and was translated into five different languages, including Hindustanee. Died, at Wheaton, 111., March 6, 1887.

WALKER, James Monroe, corporation lawyer and Railway President, was born at Claremont, N. H., Feb. 14, 1830. At fifteen he removed with his parents to a farm in Michigan ; was educated at Oberlin, Ohio, and at the University of Michi- gan, Ann Arbor, graduating from the latter in 1849. He then entered a law office as clerk and student, was admitted to the bar tjie next year, and soon after elected Prosecuting Attorney of Washtenaw County ; was also local attorney for the Michigan Central Railway, for which, after his removal to Chicago in 1853, he became Gen- eral Solicitor. Two years later the firm of Sedg- wick & Walker, which had been organized iu Michigan, became attornej's for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and, until his death, Mr. Walker was associated with this com- pany, either as General Solicitor, General Counsel or President, filling the latter position from 1870 to 1875. Mr. Walker organized both the Chicago and Kansas City stock-yards, and was President of these corporations, as also of the Wilmington Coal Company, down to the time of his death, which occurred on Jan. 23, 1881, as a result of heart disease.

WALKER, (Rev.) Jesse, Methodist Episcopal missionary, was born in Rockingham County, Va., June 9, 1766; in 1800 removed to Tennessee, became a traveling preacher in 1803, and, in 1806, came to Illinois under the presiding-elder- ship of Rev. William McKendree (afterwards Bishop), locating first at Turkey Hill, St. Clair County. In 1807 he held a camp meeting near Edwardsville — the first on Illinois soil. Later, he transferred his labors to Northern Illinois; was at Peoria in 1824; at Ottawa in 1825, and devoted much time to missionary work among the Pottawatomies, maintaining a school among them for a time. He visited Chicago in 1826, and there is evidence that he was a prominent resident there for several years, occupying a log house, which he used as a church and living-room, on "Wolf Point" at the junction of the North and South Branches of the Chicago River. While acting as superintendent of the Fox River mis- sion, his residence appears to have been at Plain-

field, in the northern part of Will County. Died, Oct. 5, 1835.

WALKER, Pinkney H., lawyer and jurist, was born in Adair County, Ky., June IS, 1815. His bo}-hood was chiefly passed in farm work and as clerk in a general store ; in 1834 he came to Illi- nois, settling at Rushville, where he worked in a store for four years. In 1838 he removed to Macomb, where he began attendance at an acad- emy and the study of law with his uncle, Cyrus Walker, a leading lawyer of his time. He was admitted to the bar in 1839, practicing at Macomb until 1848, when he returned to Rushville. In 1853 he was elected Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, to fill a vacancy, and re-elected in 1855. This position he resigned in 1858, having been appointed, by Governor Bissell, to fill the vacancy on the bench of the Supreme Coui-t occasioned by the resignation of Judge Skinner. Two months later he was elected to the same position, and re-elected in 1867 and "76. He presided as Chief Justice from January, 1864, to June, '67, and again from June, 1874, to June, '75. Before the expiration of his last term he died, Feb. 7, 1885.

WALL, George Willard, lawyer, politician and Judge, was born at Chillicothe, Ohio, April 23, 1839; brought to Perry County, 111., iu infancy, and received his preparatory education at McKen. dree College, finally graduating from the Uni- versity of Michigan in 1858, and from the Cincmnati Law School in 1859, when he began practice at Duquoin, 111. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1863, and, from 1864 to '68, served as State's Attornej' for the Third Judicial District ; was also a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1869-70. In 1873 he was an unsuccessful Democratic candi- date for Congress, although running ahead of his ticket. In 1877 he was elected to the bench of the Third Circuit, and re-elected in "79, '85 and '91, much of the time since 1877 being on duty upon the Appellate bench. His home is at Duquoin.

WALLACE, (Rev.) Peter, D.D., clergyman and soldier; was born in Mason County, Ky., April 11, 1813; taken in infancy to Brown County, Ohio, where he grew up on a farm until 15 years of age. when he was apprenticed to a carpenter; at the age of 20 came to Illinois, where he became a contractor and builder, fol- lowing this occupation for a number of years. He was converted in 1835 at Springfield, 111., and, some years later, having decided to enter the ministry, was admitted to the Illinois Conference as a deacon by Bishop E. S. Janes in 1855, and

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placed in charge of the Danville Circuit. Two years later he was ordained by Bishop Scott, and, in the next few years, held pastorates at various places in the central and eastern parts of the State. From 1867 to 1874 he was Presiding Elder of the Mattoon and Quincy Districts, and, for six years, held the position of President of the Board of Trustees of Chaddock College at Quincy, from which he received the degree of D.D. in 1881. In the second year of the Civil War he raised a company in Sangamon County, was chosen its Captain and assigned to the Seventy -third Illinois Volunteers, known as the "preachers' regiment" — all of its officers being ministers. In 1864 he was compelled by ill-health to resign his commission. While pastor of the church at Say- brook, 111., he was offered the position of Post- master of that place, which he decided to accept, and was allowed to retire from the active minis- try. On retirement from office, in 1884, he removed to Chicago. In 1889 he was appointed by Governor Fifer the first Cliaplain of the Sol- diers' and Sailors' Home at Quincy, but retired some four years afterward, when he returned to Chicago. Dr. Wallace was an eloquent and effective preacher and continued to preacli, at intervals, until within a short time of his decease, which occurred in Chicago, Feb. 21, 1897, in his 84th year. A zealous patriot, he frequently spoke very effectively upon the political rostrum. Originally a Wliig, he became a Republican on the organization of that party, and took pride in the fact that the first vote he ever cast was for Abraham Lincoln, for Representative in the Legis- lature, in 1834. He was a Knight Templar, Vice- President of the Tippecanoe Club of Chicago, and, at his death. Chaplain of America Post, No. 708, G. A. R.

WALLACE, William Henry Lamb, lawyer and soldier, was born at Urbana, Ohio, July 8, 1821 ; brought to Illinois in 1833, his father settling near La Salle and, afterwards, at Mount Morris, Ogle County, where young Wallace attended the Rock River Seminary ; was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1840 enlisted as a private in the First Illi- nois Volunteers (Col. John J. Hardin's regiment), for the Mexican War, rising to the rank of Adju- tant and participting in the battle of Buena Vista (where his commander was killed), and in other engagements. Returning to his profession at Ottawa, he served as District Attorne}' (1852-56), then became partner of his father-in-law. Col. T. Lyle Dickey, afterwards of the Supreme Court. In April, 1801, he was one of the first to answer the call for troops by enlisting, and became Colo-

nel of the Eleventh Illinois (three-months' men), afterwards re-enlisting for three years. As commander of a brigade he participated in the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, in Feb- ruary, 1802, receiving promotion as Brigadier- General for gallantry. At Pittsburg Landing (Shiloh), as commander of Gen. C. F. Smith's Division, devolving on him on account of the illness of his superior officer, he showed great courage, but fell mortally wounded, dying at Charleston, Tenn., April 10, 1862. His career promised great brilliancy and his loss was greatly deplored.— Martin R. M. ( Wallace), brother of the preceding, was born at Urbana, Ohio, Sept. 29, 1829, came to La Salle County, 111., with his father's family and was educated in the local schools and at Rock River Seminary ; studied law at Ottawa, and was admitted to the bar in 1856, soon after locating in Chicago. In 1801 he assisted in organizing the Fourtli Regiment Illi- nois Cavalry, of which he became Lieutenant- Colonel, and was complimented, in 1865, with tlie rank of brevet Brigadier-General. After the war lie served as Assessor of Internal Revenue (1866-69); County Judge (1869-77) ; Prosecuting Attorney (1884); and, for many years was one of the Justices of the Peace of the city of Chicago. Died March 6, 1902.

WALNUT, a town of Bureau County, on the Mendota and Fulton branch of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad, 26 miles west of Mendota; is in a farming and stock-raising dis- trict; has two banks and two newspapers. Popu- lation (1900), 791; (1910), 763.

WAR OF 1812. Upon the declaration of war by Congress, in June, 1812, the Pottawatomies, and most of the other tribes of Indians in the Territory of Illinois, strongly sympathized with the British. The savages had been hostile and restless for some time previous, and blockhouses and family forts had been erected at a number of points, especially in the settlements most exposed to the incursions of the savages. Gov- ernor Edwards, becoming apprehensive of an outbreak, constructed Fort Russell, a few miles from Edwardsville. Taking the field in person, he made this his headquarters, and collected a force of 250 mounted volunteers, who were later reinforced by two companies of rangers, under Col. William Russell, numbering about 100 men. An independent company of twenty-one spies, of which John Reynolds — afterwards Governor — was a memlier, was also formed and led by Capt. Samuel Judy. The Governor organized his little army into two regiments under Colonels Rector

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and Stephenson, Colonel Russell serving as second to the commander-in-chief, other mem- bers of his staff being Secretary Nathaniel Pope and Robert K. McLaughlin. On Oct. 18, 1812, Governor Edwards, with his men, set out for Peoria, where it was expected that their force would meet that of General Hopkins, who had been sent from Kentucky with a force of 2,000 men. En route, two Kickapoo villages were burned, and a number of Indians unnecessarily slain by Edwards' party. Hopkins had orders to disperse the Indians on the Illinois and Wabash Rivers, and destroy their villages. He deter- mined, however, on reaching the headwaters of the Vermilion to proceed no farther. Governor Edwards reached the head of Peoria Lake, but, failing to meet Hopkins, returned to Fort Russell. About the same time Capt. Thomas E. Craig led a party, in two boats, up the Illinois River to Peoria. His boats, as he alleged, having been fired upon ii) the night by Indians, who were har- bored and protected by the French citizens of Peoria, he burned the greater part of the village, and capturing the population, carried them down the river, putting them on shore, in the early part of the winter, just below Alton. Other desultory expeditions marked the campaigns of 1813 and 1814. The Indians meanwhile gaining courage, remote settlements were continually harassed by marauding bands. Later in 1814, an expedi- tion, led by Major (afterwards President) Zachary Taylor, ascended the Mississippi as far as Rock Island, where he found a large force of Indians, supported by British regulars with artillery. Finding himself unable to cope with so formida- ble a foe, Major Taylor retreated down the river. On the site of the present town of Warsaw he threw up fortifications, which lie named Fort Edwards, from which point he was subsequently ccmpelled to retreat. The same year the British, with their Indian allies, descended from Macki- nac, captured Prairie du Chien, and burned Forts Madison and Johnston, after which they retired to Cap au Gris. The treaty of Ghent, signed Dec. 24, 1814, closed the war, although no formal treaties were made with the tribes until the year following.

WAR OF THE REBELLION. At the outbreak of the Civil War, the executive chair, in Illinois, was occupied by Gov. Richard Yates. Immedi- ately upon the issuance of President Lincoln's first call for troops (April 15, 1861), the Governor issued his proclamation summoning the Legisla- ture together in special session and, the same day, issued a call for "six regiments of militia,"

the quota assigned to the State under call of the President. Public excitement was at fever heat, and dormant patriotism in both sexes was aroused as never before. Party lines were broken down and, with comparatively few excep- tions, the mass of the people were actuated by a common sentiment of patriotism. On April 19, Governor Yates was instructed, by the Secretary of War, to take possession of Cairo as an important strategic point. At that time, the State militia organizations were few in number and poorly equipped, consisting chiefly of independent com- panies in the larger cities. The Governor acted with great promptitude, and, on April 21, seven companies, numbering 595 men, commanded by Gen. Richard K. Swift of Chicago, were en route to Cairo. The first volunteer compiny to tender its services, in response to Governor Yates' proc- lamation, on April 16, was the Zouave Gra3's of Springfield. Ele\;en other companies vi'ere ten- dered the same day, and, by the evening of the 18th, the number had been increased to fifty. Simultaneously with these proceedings, Chicago bankers tendered to the Governor a war loan of §500,000, and those of Springfield, §100,000. The Legislature, at its special session, passed acts in- creasing the efficiency of the militia law, and provided for the creation of a war fund of S2,- 000,000. BesidjBS the six regiments already called for, the raising of ten additional volunteer regi- ments and one battery of light artillery was authorized. The last of the six regiments, apportioned to Illinois under the first presidential call, was dispatched to Cairo early in May. The six regiments were numbered the Seventh to Twelfth, inclusive — the earlier numbers. First to Sixth, being conceded to the six regiments which had served in the war with Mexico. The regi- ments were commanded, respectively, by Colonels John Cook, Richard J. Oglesby, Eleazer A. Paine, James D. Morgan, William H. L. Wallace, and John Mc Arthur, constituting the "First Brigade of Illinois Volunteers." Benjamin M. Prentiss, having been chosen Brigadier-General on arrival at Cairo, assumed command, relieving General Swift. The quota under the second call, consist- ing of ten regiments, was mustered into service within sixty days, 200 companies being tendered immediately. Many more volunteered than could be accepted, and large numbers crossed to Mis- souri and enlisted in regiments forming in that State. During June and July the Secretary of War authorized Governor Yates to recruit twenty- two additional regiments (seventeen infantry and five cavalry), which were promptly raised. On

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July 23, the day following the defeat of the Union army at Bull Run, President Lincoln called for 500,000 more volunteers. Governor Yates im- mediately responded with an offer to the War Department of sixteen more regiments (thirteen of infantry and three of cavalry), and a battalion of artillery, adding, that the State claimed it as her right, to do her full share toward the preser- vation of the Union. Under supplemental author- ity, received from the Secretary of War in August, 1861, twelve additional regiments of ih- f antry and five of cavalry were raised, and, by De- cember, 1801, the State had 43,000 volunteers in the field and 17,000 in camps of instruction. Other calls were made in July and August, 18G2, each for 300,000 men. Illinois' quota, under both calls, was over 53,000 men, no regard being paid to the fact that the State had already furnished 16,000 troops in excess of its quotas under previ- ous calls. Unless this number of volunteers was raised by September 1, a draft would be ordeired. The tax was a severe one, inasmuch as it would fall chiefly upon the prosperous citizens, the float- ing population, the idle and the extremely poor having already followed the army's march, either as soldiers or as camp-followers. But recruiting was actively carried on, and, aided by liberal bounties in many of the counties, in less than a fortnight the 53,000 new troojis were secured, the volunteers coming largely from the substantial classes — agricultural, mercantile, artisan and professional. By the end of December, fifty-nine regiments and four batteries had been dispatched to the front, besides a considerable number to fill up regiments already in the field, which had suf- fered severely from battle, exposure and disease. At this time, Illinois had an aggregate of over 135,000 enlisted men in the field. The issue of President Lincoln's preliminary proclamation of emancipation, in September, 1863, was met by a storm of hostile criticism from his political opponents, who — aided by the absence of so large a proportion of the loyal population of the State in the field — were able to carry the elec- tions of that j'ear. Consequently, when the Twenty-third General Assembly convened in regular session at Springfield, on Jan. 5, 1863, a large majority of that body was not only opposed to both the National and State administrations, but avowedly opposed to the further prosecution of the war under the existing policy. The Leg- islature reconvened in June, but was prorogued by Governor Yates Between Oct. 1, 1863, and July 1, 1864, 16,000 veterans re-enlisted and 87,000 new volunteers were enrolled; and, by the

date last mentioned, Illinois had furnished to the Union army 344,496 men, being 14,596 in ex- cess of the allotted quotas, constituting fifteen per cent of the entire population. These were comprised in 151 regiments of infantry, 17 of cavalry and two complete regiments of artillery, besides twelve independent batteries. The total losses of Illinois organizations, during the war, has been reported at 34,834, of which 5,874 were killed in battle, 4,030 died from wounds, 23,786 from disease and 2,154 from other causes — being a total of thirteen per cent of the entire force of the State in the service. The part which Illinois played in the contest was conspicuous for patriot- ism, promptness in response to every call, and the bravery and efficiency of its troops in the field — reflecting honor upon the State and its his- tory. Nor were its loyal citizens — who, while staying at home, furnished moral and material support to the men at the front — less worthy of praise than those who volunteered. By uphold- ing the Government — National and State — and by their zeal and energy in collecting and sending forward immense quantities of supplies — surgical, medical and other — often at no little sacrifice, they contributed much to the success of the Union arms. (See also Camj} Douglas; Camp Douglas Conspiracy; Secret Treasonable Soci- eties.)

WAR OF THE REBELLION (History of Illi- nois Regiments). The following is a list of the various military organizations mustered into the service during the Civil War (1861-65), with the terms of service and a summary of the more important events in the history of each, while in the field:

Seventh Infantry. Illinois having sent six regiments to the Mexican War, by courtesy the numbering of the regiments which took part in the war for the Union began with number Seven. A number of regiments which responded to the first call of the President, claimed the right to be recognized as the first regiment in the field, but the honor was finally accorded to that organized at Springfield by Col. John Cook, and hence his regiment was numbered Seventh. It was mustered into the service, April 25, 1801, and remained at Mound City during the three months' service, the period of its first enlistment. It was subsequently reorganized and mustered for the three years' service, July 25, 1801, and waa engaged in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Cherokee, Allatoona Pass, Salkahatchie Swamp, Bentonville and Columbia. The regi- ment re-enlisted as veterans at Pulaski, Tenn.,

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Dec. 23, 1863; was mustered out at Louisville, July 9, 186.J, and paid off and discharged at Springfield, July 11.

Eighth Inf.^ntby. Organized at Springfield, and mustered in for three months' service, April 26, 1861, Richard J. Oglesby of Decatur, being appointed Colonel. It remained at Cairo during its term of service, when it was mustered out. July 25, 1861, it was reorganized and mustered in for three years' service. It participated in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Port Gibson, Thompson Hill, Raymond, Champion Hill, Vicks- burg, Brownsville, and Spanish Fort ; re-enlisted as veterans, March 24, 1864 ; was mustered out at Baton Rouge, May 4, 1866, paid off and dis- charged, May 13, having served five years.

Ninth Infantry. Mustered into the service at Springfield, April 26, 1861, for the term of three months, under Col. Eleazer A. Paine. It was reorganized at Cairo, in August, for three years, being composed of companies from St. Clair, Madison, Montgomery, Pulaski, Alexander and Mercer Counties ; was engaged at Fort Donel- son, Shiloh, Jackson (Tenn.), Meed Creek Swamps, Salem, Wyatt, Florence, Montezuma, Athens and Grenada. Tlie regiment was mounted, March 1.5, 1863, and so continued during the remainder of its service. Mustered out at Louis- ville, July 9, 186.5.

Tenth Infantry. Organized and mustered into the service for three months, on April 29, 1861, at Cairo, and on July 29, 1861, was mustered into the service for three years, with Col. James D. Morgan in command. It was engaged at Sykeston, New Madrid, Corinth, Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw, Chattahoochie, Savannah and Bentonville. Re- enlisted as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864, and mustered out of service, July 4, 186.'), at Louisville, and received final discharge and pay, Jul5" 11, 1865, at Chicago.

Eleventh Infantry. Organized at Spring- field and mustered into service, April 30, 1861, for three months. July 30, the regiment was mustered out, and re-enlisted for three }'ears' service. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Tallahatchie, Vicksburg, Liver- pool Heights, Yazoo City, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. \V. H. L. AVallace, afterwards Brigadier-General and killed at Shiloh, was its first Colonel. Mustered out of service, at Baton Rouge, July 14, 186.5; paid off and discharged at Springfield.

Twelfth Infantry. Mustered into service for three years, August 1, 1861 ; was engaged at

Columbus, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Lay's Ferr}-, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw, Nickajack Creek, Bald Knob, Decatur, Ezra Church, Atlanta, Allatoona and Goldsboro. On Jan. 16, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veter- ans. John McArthur was its first Colonel, suc- ceeded by Augustus L. Chetlain, both being promoted to Brigadier-Generalships. Mustered out of service at Louisville, Ky., July 10, 1865, and received final pay and discharge, at Spring- field, July 18.

Thirteenth Infantry. One of the regiments organized under the act known as the "Ten Regi- ment Bill" ; was mustered into service on May 34, 1861, for three years, at Dixon, with John B. Wyman as Colonel; was engaged at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Mis- sionary Ridge, Rossville and Ringgold Gap. Mustered out at Springfield, June 18, 1864, hav- ing served three years and two months.

Fourteenth Infantry'. One of the regiments raised under the "Ten Regiment Bill," which anticipated the requirements of the General Government by organizing, equipping and dril- ling a regiment in each Congressional District in the State for thirty days, unless sooner required for service by the United States. It was mustered in at Jacksonville for three years. May 25, 1861, under command of John M. Palmer as its first Colonel; was engaged at Shiloh, Corinth, Meta- mora, Vicksburg, Jackson, Fort Beauregard and Meridian; consolidated with the Fifteenth Infan- try, as a ■veteran battalion (both regiments hav- ing enUsted as veterans), on July 1, 1864. In October, 1864, the major part of the battalion was captured by General Hood and sent to Andersonville. The remainder participated in the "March to the Sea," and through the cam- paign in the Carolinas. In the spring of 1865 the battalion organization was discontinued, both regiments having been filled up by recruits. The regiment was mustered out at Fort Leaven- worth, Kan,, Sept. 16, 1865; and arrived at Springfield, 111., Sept. 22, 1865, where it received final payment and discharge. The aggregate number 6f men who belonged to this organization was 1,980, and the aggregate mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, 480. During its four years and four months of service, tlie regiment marched 4,490 miles, traveled by rail, 2,330 miles, and, by river, 4,490 miles — making an aggregate of 11,670 miles.

Fifteenth Infantry. Raised under the "Ten Regiment Act," in the (then) First Congressional District; was organized at Freeport, and mus-

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iered into service, May 24, 1861. It was engaged at Sedalia, Sliiloh, Corinth, Metamora Hill, Vioksburg, Fort Beauregard, Champion Hill, Allatoona and Bentonville. In March. 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, in July,

1864, was consolidated with the Fourteenth Infan- try as a Veteran Battalion. At Big Shanty and Aokworth a large portion of tlie battalion was captured by General Hood. At Raleigh the Veteran Battalion was discontinued and the Fifteenth reorganized. From July 1, to Sept. 1,

1865, the regiment was stationed at Forts Leaven- worth and Kearney. Having been mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, it was sent to Springfield for final payment and discharge — having served four years and four montlis. Miles marched, 4,299; miles by rail, 2,403, miles by steamer, 4,310; men enlisted from date of organization, 1,963; strength at date of muster-out, 640.

Sixteenth Infantry. Organized and mus- tered into service at Quincy under the "Ten- Regi- ment Act," May 24, 1861. The regiment was engaged at New Madrid, Tiptonville, Corinth, Buzzards' Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Savannah, Columbia, Fayetteville, Averysboro and Bentonville. In December, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans; was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 8, 1865, after a term of service of four years and three months, and, a week later, arrived at Spring- field, where it received its final pay and discharge papers.

Seventeenth Infantry. Mustered into the service at Peoria, 111., on May 24, 1861; was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Greenfield (Ark.), Shiloh, Corinth, Hatchie and Vicksburg. In May, 1864, the term of enlistment having expired, the regiment was ordered to Springfield for pay and discharge. Those men and officers who re-enlisted, and those whose term had not expired, were consolidated with the Eighth Infan- try, which was mustered out in the spring of 1866.

Eighteenth Infantry. Organized under the provisions of the "Ten Regiment Bill," at Anna, and mustered into the service on May 28, 1861, the term of enlistment being for three years. The regiment participated in the capture of Fort MoHenry, and was actively engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth. It was mustered out at Little Rock, Deo. 16, 1865, and Dec. 31, thereafter, arrived at Springfield, 111., for pay- ir.ent and discharge. The aggregate enlistments in the regiment, from its organization to date of discharge (rank and file), numbered 3.043.

Nineteenth Infantry. Mustered into the United States service for three years, June 17, 1861, at Chicago, embracing four companies which had been accepted under the call for three months' men; participated in the battle of Stone River and in the TuUahoma and Chatta- nooga campaigns; was also engaged at Davis' Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge and Resaca. It was mustered out of service on July 9, 1864, at Chicago. Originally consisting of nearly 1,000 men, besides a large number of recruits received during the war, its strength at the final muster-out was less than 350.

Twentieth Infantry. Organized, May 14, 1861, at Joliet, and June 13, 1861, and mustered into the service for a term of three years. It participated in the following engagements, bat- tles, sieges, etc. : Fredericktown (Mo. ), Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Thompson's Planta- tion, Cliamj^ion Hills, Big Black River, Vicks- burg, Kenesaw Mountain and Atlanta. Afte.f marching through the Carolinas, the regiment was finally ordered to Louisville, where it was mustered out, July 16, 1865, receiving its final discharge at Chicago, on July 34.

Twenty-first Infantry. Organized under the "Ten Regiment Bill," from the (then) Sev- enth Congressional District, at Mattoon, and mustered into service for three years, June 28, 1861. Its first Colonel was U. S. Grant, who was in command until August 7, when he was com- missioned Brigadier-General. It was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Corinth, Perry ville, Mur- freesboro. Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nasliville. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans, at Chattanooga, in February, 1864. From June, 1864, to December, 1865, it was on duty in Texas. Mustered out at San Antonio, Dec. 16, 1865, and paid off and discharged at Springfield, Jan. 18, 1866.

Twenty-second Infantry. Organized at Belleville, and mustered into service, for three years, at Casey ville. 111., June 35, 1861; was engaged at Belmont, Charleston (Mo.), Sikestown, Tiptonville, Farmington, Corinth, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Cliurch, and all the battles of the Atlanta campaign, except Rocky Face Ridge. It was mustered out at Springfield, July 7, 1864, the vet- erans and recruits, whose term of service had not expired, being consolidated with the Forty -second Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteers.

Twenty-third Inf.^ntry. The organization of the Twenty-third Infantry Volunteers com- menced, at Chicago, under the popular name of

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the "Irish Brigade," immediately upon the opening of hostilities at Sumter. The formal muster of the regiment, under the command of Col. James A. Mulligan, was made, June 15, 1861, at Chicago, when it was occupying barracks known as Kane's brewery near the river on West Polk Street. It was early ordered to North- ern Missouri, and was doing garrison duty at Lexington, when, in September, 1861, it surren- dered with tlie rest of the garrison, to the forces under the rebel General Price, and was paroled. From Oct. 8. 1861, to June 14, 1862, it was detailed to guard prisoners at Camp Douglas. Thereafter it participated in engagements in the Virginias, as follows: at South Fork, Greenland Gap, Phi- lippi, Hedgeville, Leetown, Maryland Heights, Snicker's Gap, Kernstown, Cedar Creek, Win- chester, Charlestown, Berryville, Opequan Creek, Fisher's Hill, Harrisonburg. Hatcher's Run and Petersburg. It also took part in the siege of Richmond and the pursuit of Lee, being present at the surrender at Appomattox. In January and February, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, at Greenland Gap. W. Va. In August, 1864, the ten companies of the Regiment, then numbering 440, were consolidated into five com- panies and designated, "Battalion, Twenty-third Regiment, Illinois Veteran 'Volunteer Infantry." The regiment was thanked by Congress for its part at Lexington, and was authorized to inscribe Lexington upon its colors. (See also Mulligan, James A.)

Twenty-fourth Infantry, (known as the First Hecker Regiment). Organized at Chicago, with two companies — to-wit: the Union Cadets and the Lincoln Rifles — from the three months' service, in June. 1861, and mustered in, July 8, 1861. It participated in tlie battles of Perryville, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain and other engagements in the Atlanta campaign. It was mustered out of service at Chicago, August 6, 1864. A fraction of the regi- ment, whicli had been recruited in the field, and whose term of service had not expired at the date of muster-out. was organized into one company and attached to the Third Brigade. First Divi- sion, Fourteenth Army Corps, and mustered out at Camp Butler, August 1, 1865.

Twenty-fifth Infantry'. Organized from the counties of Kankakee. Iroquois, Ford, Vermil- ion, Douglas, Coles, Champaign and Edgar, and mustered into service at St. Louis, August 4. 1861. It participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Stone River, Cliickamauga, Missionary Ridge, in the siege of Corinth, the battle of Kenesaw Moun-

tain, the siege of Atlanta, and innumerable skir- mislies ; was mustered out at Springfield, Sept. 5, 1864. During its three years' service the regi- ment traveled 4,962 miles, of which 3,252 were on foot, the remainder by steamboat and railroad.

Twenty'-sixth Infantry. Mustered into serv- ice, consisting of seven companies, at Springfield, August 31, 1861. On Jan. 1. 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans. It was authorized by the commanding General to inscribe upon its ban- ners "New Madrid'' ; "Island No. 10;" "Farming- ton;" "Siege of Corinth;" "luka;" "Corinth — 3d and 4th, 1862;" "Resaca;" "Kenesaw;" "Ezra Church;" "Atlanta;" "Jonesboro;" "Griswold- ville;" "McAllister;" "Savannah;" "Columbia," and "Bentonville. " It was mustered out at Louisville, July 20, 1865, and paid off and discharged, at Springfield, July 28 — the regiment having marched, during its four years of service, 6,931 miles, and fought twenty-eight hard battles, besides innumerable skirmishes.

Twenty-seventh Infantry. First organized, with only seven companies, at Springfield, August 10, 1861, and organization completed by the addition of three more companies, at Cairo, on September 1. It took part in the battle of Bel- mont, the siege of Island No. 10, and the battles of Farmington, Nashville. Murfreesboro, Chicka- mauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Calhoun, Adairsville, Dallas, Pine Top Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain, as well as in the investment of Atlanta; was relieved from dut}', August 25, 1864, while at the front, and mustered out at Springfield, September 20. Its veterans, with the recruits whose term of serv- ice had not expired, were consolidated with the Ninth Infantry.

Twenty-eighth Infantry. Composed of companies from Pike, Fulton, Schuyler, Slason, Scott and Menard Counties; was organized at Springfield, August 15, 1861, and mustered into service for three years. It participated in the battles of Shiloh and Metamora, the siege of Vicksburg and tlie battles of Jackson, Mississippi, and Fort Beauregard, and in the capture of Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely and Mobile. From June, 1864, to March, 1866, it was stationed in Texas, and was mustered out at Brownsville, in that State, March 15, 1866, having served four years and seven months. It was discharged, at Springfield, May 13. 1866.

Twenty'-ninth Infantry. Mustered into serv- ice at Springfield, August 19. 1861, and was engaged at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the sieges of Corinth, Vicksburg and Mobile. Eight

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companies were detailed for duty at Holly Springs, and were there captured by General Van Dorn, in December, 1802, but were exchanged, six months later. In January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, from June, 1804, to November, 1805, was on duty in Texas. It was mustered out of service in that State, Nov. 6, 1865, and received final discharge on November 28.

Thirtieth Infantry. Organized at Spring- field, August 28, 1861 ; was engaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, the siege of Corinth, Medan Station, Raymond, Cliampion Hills, the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, Big Shanty, Atlanta, Savannah, Pocotaligo, Orangeburg, Columbia, Cheraw, and Fayetteville ; mustered out, July 17, 1865, and received final payment and discharge at Springfield, July 27, 1865.

Thirty-first Infantry. Organized at Cairo, and there mustered into service on Sept. 18, 1861; was engaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the two expeditions against Vicks- burg, at Thompson's Hill, Ingram Heights, Ray- mond, Jackson, Champion Hill, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station and Jonesboro; also participated in the "March to the Sea" and took part in the battles and skir- mishes at Columbia, Cheraw, Fayetteville and Bentonville. A majority of the regiment re- enlisted as veterans in March, 1864. It was mustered out at Louisville, July 19, 1865, and finally discharged at Springfield, July 23.

Thirty-second Infantry. Organized at Springfield and mustered into service, Dec. 31, 1861. By special authority from the War Depart- ment, it originally consisted of ten companies of infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the sieges of Corinth and Vicksburg, and in the battles of La Grange, Grand Junction, Metamora, Harrison- burg, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, AUatoona, Savannah, Columbia, Cheraw and Bentonville. In January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, in June, 1865, was ordered to Fort Leavenworth. Mustered out there, Sept. 16, 1865, and finally discharged at Springfield.

Thirty-third Infantry. Organized and mus- tered into service at Springfield in September, 1861: was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, the assault and siege of Vicksburg, siege of Jackson, Fort Esperanza, and in the expedition against Mobile. The regiment veteranized at Vicksburg, Jan. 1, 18S4; was mustered out, at the same point, Nov. 24, 1865, and finally discharged at Spring-

field, Dec. 6 and 7, 1865. The aggregate enroll- ment of the regiment was between 1,900 and 2,000.

Thirty-fourth Infantry. Organized at Springfield, Sept. 7, 1861 ; was engaged at Shiloh, Corinth, Murfreesboro, Rocky Face Ridge, Re- saca. Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, and, after participating in the "March to the Sea" and through the Carolinas, took part in the battle of Bentonville. After the surrender of Johnston, the regiment went with Sherman's Army to Washington, D. C, and took part in the grand review. May 24, 1865; left Washington, June 12, and arrived at Louisville, Ky., June 18, where it was mustered out, on July 12; was dis- charged and paid at Chicago, July 17, 1865.

Thirty-fifth Infantry. Organized at De- catur on July 3, 1861, and its services tendered to the President, being accepted by the Secretary of War as "Col. G. A. Smith's Independent Regi- ment of Illinois Volunteers," on July 23, and mustered into service at St. Louis, August 12. It was engaged at Pea Ridge and in the siege of Corinth, also participated in the battles of Perry- ville. Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionaiy Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas and Kenesaw. Its final muster-out took place at Springfield, Sept. 27, 1864, the regiment having marched (exclusive of railroad and steamboat transportation) 3,056 miles.

Thirty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Camp Hammond, near Aurora, 111., and mustered into service, Sept. 23, 1861, for a term of three years. The regiment, at its organization, numbered 965 officers and enlisted men, and had two companies of Cavalry ("A" and "B''), 186 officers and men. It was engaged at Leetown, Pea Ridge, Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga. the siege of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca. Adairsville, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Jones- boro, Franklin and Nashville. Mustered out, Oct. 8, 1865, and disbanded, at Springfield, Oct. 27, having marched and been transported, during its term of service, more than 10,000 miles.

Thirty-seventh Infantry-. Familiarly known as "Fremont Rifles"; organized in August, 1861, and mustered into service, Sept. 18. The regi- ment was presented with battle-flags by the Chi- cago Board of Trade. It participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Neosho, Prairie Grove and Chalk Bluffs, the siege of Vicksburg, and in the battles of Yazoo City and Morgan's Bend. In October, 1863, it was ordered to the defense of the frontier along the Rio Grande; re-enlisted as

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veterans in February, 1864; took part in the siege and storming of Fort Blakely and the cap- ture of Mobile; from July, 1805, to May, 1866, was again on duty in Texas ; was mustered out at Houston, May 15, 1866, and finally discharged at Springfield, May 31, having traveled some 17,000 miles, of which nearly 3,300 were by marching.

Thirty-eighth Infantry. Organized at Springfield, in September, 1861. The regiment was engaged in the battles of Fredericktown, Perryville, Knob Gap, Stone River, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Pine Top, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville; re-enlisted as veterans in February, 1864; from June to December, 1865, was on duty in Louisi- ana and Texas; was mustered out at Victoria, Texas, Dec. 31, 1865, and received final discharge at Springfield.

Thirty'-ninth Infantry". The organization of this Regiment was commenced as soon as the news of the firing on Fort Sumter reached Chi- cago. General Thomas O. Osborne was one of its contemplated field officers, and labored zealously to get it accepted under the first call for troojjs, but did not accomplish his object. The regiment had already assumed the name of the "Yates Phalanx" in honor of Governor Yates. It was accepted by the War Department on the day succeeding the first Bull Run disaster (July 22, 1861), and Austin Light.of Chicago, was appointed Colonel. Under his direction the organization was completed, and the regiment left Camp Mather, Chicago, on the morning of Oct. 13, 1861. It par- ticipated in the battles of Winchester, Malvern Hill (the second), Morris Island, Fort Wagner, Drur}''s Bluff, and in numerous engagements before Petersburg and Richmond, including the capture of Fort Gregg, and was present at Lee's surrender at Appomattox. In the meantime the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, at Hilton Head, S. C. , in September, 1863. It was mustered out at Norfolk, Dec. 0, 1865, and received final dis- charge at Chicago, December 16.

Fortieth Infantry. Enlisted from the coun- ties of Franklin, Hamilton, Wayne, White, Wabash, Marion, Cla}- and Fayette, and mustered into service for three years at Springfield, August 10, 1861. It was engaged at Shiloh, in the siege of Corinth, at Jackson (Miss.), in the siege of Vicksburg, at Missionary Ridge, New Hope Church, Black Jack Knob, Kenesaw Moun- tain. Atlanta, Jonesboro, Ezra Chapel, Gris- woldville, siege of Savannah, Columbia (S. C), and Bentonville. It re-enlisted, as veterans, at

Scottsboro, Ala., Jan. 1, 1864, and was mustered out at Louisville, July 24, 1865, receiving final discharge at Springfield.

FORTY--FIRST INFANTRY'. Organized at Decatur during July and August, 1861, and was mustered into service, August 5. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, the second battle of Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg and Jackson, in the Red River campaign, at Guntown, Kenesaw Mountain and AUatoona, and partici- pated in the "March to the Sea."' It re-enlisted, as veterans, March 17, 1864, at Vicksburg, and was consolidated with the Fifty-third Infantry, Jan. 4, 1865, forming Companies G and H.

FORTY'-SECOND INFANTRY'. Organized at Chi- cago, July 22, 1861 ; was engaged at Island No. 10, the siege of Corinth, battles of Farmington, Columbia (Tenn.), was besieged at Nashville, engaged at Stone River, in the TuUahoma cam- paign, at Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope Church, Pine and Kenesaw Mountains, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. It re- enlisted, as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864; was stationed in Texas from July to December, 1865 ; was mus- tered out at Indianola, in that State, Dec. 16, 1865, and finally discharged, at Springfield, Jan. 12, 1866.

FoRTY'-THiRD INFANTRY. Organized at Spring- field in September, 1861, and mustered into service on Oct. 12. The regiment took part in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh and in the campaigns in West Tennessee, Mississippi and Arkansas; was mustered out at Little Rock, Nov. 30, 1865, and returned to Springfield for final pa}' and discharge, Dec. 14, 1865.

FoRTY'-FOURTH INFANTRY. Organized in Au- gust, 1861, at Chicago, and mustered into service, Sept. 13, 1861 ; was engaged at Pea Ridge, Perryville, Stone River, Hoover's Gap, Shelby- ville, Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Rocky Face Ridge, Adairsville, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kene- saw Mountain, Gulp's Farm, Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans in Tennessee, in Januarj-, 1864. From June to September, 1865, it was stationed in Louisiana and Texas, was mustered out at Port Lavaca, Sept. 25, 1865, and received final discharge, at Springfield, three weeks later.

Forty-fifth Infantry. Originally called the "Washburne Lead Mine Regiment": was organized at Galena, July 23, 1861, and mustered

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into service at Chicago, Dec. 25, 1861. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, battle of Medan, tlie campaign against Vicksburg, tlie Meridian raid, tlie Atlanta cam- paign, tlie "March to tlie Sea," and the advance through the Carolinas. The regiment veteran- ized in January, 1864; was mustered out of serv- ice at Louisville, Ky., July 13, 1865, and arrived In Chicago, July 15, 1865, for final pay and dis- charge. Distance marched in four years, 1,750 miles.

Forty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Spring- field, Dec. 28, 1861 ; was engaged at Fort Donel- son, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, battle of Metamora, siege of Vicksburg (where five com- panies of the regiment were captured), in the reduction of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakele}', and the capture of Mobile. It was mustered in as a veteran regiment, Jan. 4, 1864. From May,

1865, to January, 1866, it was on duty in Louisi- ana ; was mustered out at Baton Rouge; Jan. 20,

1866, and, on Feb. 1, 1866, finally paid and dis- charged at Springfield.

Forty-seventh Infantry'. Organized and mustered into service at Peoria, 111., on August 16, 1861. The regiment took part in the expe- dition against New Madrid and Island No. 10; also participated in the battles of Farmington, luka, the second battle of Corinth, the capture of Jackson, the siege of Vicksburg, the Red River expedition and the battle of Pleasant Hill, and in the struggle at Lake Chicot. It was ordered to Chicago to assist in quelling an antici- pated riot, in 1864, but, returning to the front, took part in the reduction of Spanish Fort and the capture of Mobile; was mustered out, Jan. 21, 1866, at Selma, Ala., and ordered to Spring- field, where it received final pay and discharge. Those members of the regiment who did not re-en- list as veterans were mustered out, Oct. 11, 1864.

Forty-eighth Infantry. Organized at Spring- field, September, 1861, and participated in battles and sieges as follows: Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth (siege of), Vicksburg (first expedition against). Missionary Ridge, as well as in the Atlanta campaign and the "March to the Sea." The regiment re-enlisted as veter- ans, at Scottsboro, Ala., Jan. 1, 1864; was mus- tered out, August 15, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark., and ordered to Springfield for final discharge, arriving, August 21, 1865. The distance marched was 3,000 miles; moved by water, 5,000; by rail- road, 3,450~total, 11.450.

Forty-ninth Infantry. Organized at Spring- field, 111., Dec. 31, 1861; was engaged at Fort

Donelson, Shiloh and Little Rock; took part in the campaign against Meridian and in the Red River expedition, being in the battle of Pleasant Hill, Jan. 15, 1864 ; three-fourths of the regiment re-enlisted and were mustered in as veterans, returning to Illinois on furlough. The non- veterans took part in the battle of Tupelo. The regiment participated in the battle of Nashville, and was mustered out, Sept. 9, 1865, at Paducah, Ky., and arrived at Springfield, Sept, 15, 1865, for final payment and discharge.

Fiftieth Infantry. Organized at Quincy, in August, 1861, and mustered into service, Sept. 12, 1861 ; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, the second battle of Corinth, Allatoona and Bentonville, besides many minor engagements. The regiment was mounted, Nov. 17, 1863; re-enlisted as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864, was mustered out at Louisville, July 13, 1865, and reached Springfield, the following day. for final pay and discharge.

Fifty'-first Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, Dec. 24, 1861 ; was engaged at New Madrid, Island No. 10, Farmington, the siege of Corinth, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jones- boro. Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. The regiment was mustered in as veterans, Feb. 16, 1864 ; from July to September, 1865, was on duty in Texas, and mustered out, Sept. 25, 1865, at Camp Irwin, Texas, arriving at Springfield, 111., Oct. 15, 1865, for final payment and discharge.

Fifty-second Infantry. Organized at Ge- neva in November, 1861, and mustered into serv- ice, Nov. 19. The regiment participated in the following battles, sieges and expeditions : Shiloh, Corinth (siege and second battle of), luka. Town Creek, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Lay's Ferry, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, Decatur, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Bentonville. It veteranized, Jan. 9, 1864; was mustered out at Louisville, July 4, 1865, and received final payment and discharge at Springfield, July 13.

Fifty-third Infantry. Organized at Ottawa in the winter of 1861-63, and ordered to Chicago, Feb 27, 1862, to complete its organization. It took part in the siege of Corinth, and was engaged at Davis' Bridge, the siege of Vicksburg, in the Meridian campaign, at Jackson, the siege of Atlanta, the "March to the Sea," the capture of Savannah and the campaign in the Carolinas, including the battle of Bentonville. The regi- ment was mustered out of service at Louisville,

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

July 23, I860, and received final discharge, at Chicago, July 28. It marched 2,855 miles, and was transported by boat and cars, 4,168 miles. Over 1,800 officers and men belonged to the regi- ment during its term of service.

Fifty-fourth Infantry. Organized at Anna, in November, 1861, as a part of the "Kentucky Brigade," and was mustered into service, Feb. 18, 1863. No complete history of the regiment can be given, owing to the loss of its official records. It served mainly in Kentuckj', Tennes- see, Mississippi and Arkansas, and always effect- ivelj'. Three-fourths of the men re-enlisted as veterans, in January, 1864. Six companies were captured by the rebel General Shelby, in August, 1864, and were exchanged, the following De- cember. The regiment was mustered out at Little Rock, Oct. 15, 1865 ; arrived at Springfield, Oct. 26, and was discharged. During its organi- zation, the regiment had 1,342 enlisted men and 71 commissioned officers.

Fifty-fifth Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, and mustered into service, Oct. 31, 1861. The regiment originally formed a part of the "Douglas Brigade,"' being chiefly recruited from the young farmers of Fulton, McDonough, Grund)-, La Salle, De Kalb, Kane and Winnebago Counties. It participated in the battles of Shiloh and Corinth, and in the Tallahatchie campaign; in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, around Vicksburg, and at Missionary Ridge ; was in the Atlanta campaign, notably in the battles of Kenesaw Mountain and Jonesboro. In all, it was engaged in thirty -one battles, and was 128 days under fire. The total mileage traveled amounted to 11,965, of which 3,340 miles were actually marched. Re-enlisted as veterans, while at Larkinsville, Tenn.,was mustered out at Little Rock, August 14, 1865, receiving final discharge at Chicago, the same month.

Fifty-sixth Infantry'. Organized with com- panies i^rincipally enlisted from the counties of Massac, Pope, Gallatin, Saline, White, Hamilton, Franklin and Wayne, and mustered in at Camp Mather, near Shawneetown. The regiment par- ticipated in the siege, and second battle, of Corinth, the Yazoo expedition, the .siege of Vicksburg — being engaged at Champion Hills, and in numerous assaults ; also took part in the battles of Missionary Ridge and Resaca, and in the campaign in the Carolinas, including the battle of Bentonville. Some 200 members of the regiment perished in a wreck off Cape Hatteras, March 31, 1865. It was mustered out in Arkan- sas, August 13, 1865.

Fifty-seventh Infantry. Mustered into serv- ice, Dec. 36, 1861, at Chicago; took part in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, and the second battle at that point ; was also engaged at Resaca, Rome Cross Roads and Allatoona; participated in the investment and capture of Savannah, and the campaign through the Carolinas, including the battle of Benton- ville. It was mustered out at Louisville, July 7, 1865, and received final discharge at Chicago, July 14.

Fifty-eighth Infantry. Recruited at Chi- cago, Feb. 11, 1862; participated in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, a large number of the regiment being captured during the latter engage- ment, but subsequentl}' exchanged. It took part in the siege of Corinth and the battle of luka, after which detachments were sent to Springfield for recruiting and for guarding prisoners. Returning to the front, the regiment was engaged in tlie capture of Meridian, the Red River cam- paign, the taking of Fort de Russey, and in many minor battles in Louisiana. It was mustered out at Montgomery, Ala., April 1, 1866, and ordered to Springfield for final pa3-ment and discharge.

Fifty-ninth Infantry. Originally known as the Ninth Missouri Infantry, although wholly recruited in Illinois. It was organized at St. Louis, Sept. 18, 1861, the name being changed to the Fifty-ninth Illinois, Feb. 12, 1862, by order of the War Department. It was engaged at Pea Ridge, formed part of the reserve at Farmington, took part at Perryville. Nolansville, Knob Gap and JIurfreesboro, in the Tullahoma campaign and the siege of Chattanooga, in the battles of Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Kingston, Dallas, Ackworth, Pine Top, Kenesaw Mountain, Sm3'rna, Atlanta, Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. Having re-enlisted as veterans, the regiment was ordered to Texas, in June, 1865, where it was mustered out, December, 1865, receiving its final discharge at Springfield.

Sixtieth Inf.\ntry. Organized at Anna, 111., Feb. 17, 1862; took part in the siege of Corinth and was besieged at Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans while at the front, in January, 1864; participated in the battles of Buzzard's Roost, Ringgold, Dalton, Resaca, Rome, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain. Nickajack, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Averysboro and Bentonville; was mustered out at Louisville, July 31, 1865, and received final discharge at Springfield.

Sixty-first Infantry*. Organized at Carroll- ton. 111., three full companies being mustered

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559

in, Feb. 5, 1862. On February 31, the regiment, being still incomplete, moved to Benton Bar- racks, Mo. , where a sufficient number of recruits joined to make nine full companies. The regiment was engaged at Shiloh and Bolivar, took part in the Yazoo expedition, and re-enlisted as veter- ans early in 18G-t. Later, it took part in the battle of Wilkinson's Pike (near Murfreesboro), and other engagements near that point ; was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 8, 18G5, and paid off and discharged at Springfield, Septem- ber 27.

Sixty-second Infantry. Organized at Anna, 111., April 10, 1862; after being engaged in several skirmishes, the regiment sustained a loss of 170 men, who were captured and paroled at Holly Springs, Miss., by the rebel General Van Dorn, where the regimental records were destroyed. The regiment took part in forcing the evacuation of Little Rock; re-enlisted, as veterans, Jan. 9, 1864 ; was mustered out at Little Rock, March 6, 1866, and ordered to Springfield for final payment and discharge.

Sixty-third Infantry. Organized at Anna, In December. 1861, and mustered into service, April 10, 1863. It participated in the first invest- ment of Vicjisburg, the capture of Richmond Hill, La. , and in the battle of Missionary Ridge. On Jan. 1, 1804, 373 men re-enlisted as veterans. It took jiart in the capture of Savannah and in Sherman's march through the Carolinas, partici- pating in its important battles and skirmishes; was mustered out at Louisville. July 13, 1865, reaching Springfield, July 16. The total distance traveled was 6,453 miles, of which 2,350 was on the march.

Sixty-fourth Infantry. Organized at Spring- field, December, 1861, as the "Fir.st Battalion of Yates Sharp Shooters." The last company was mustered in, Dec. 31, 1861. The regiment was engaged at New Madrid, the siege of Corinth, Chambers' Creek, the second battle of Corinth, Eesaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Decatur, the siege of Atlanta, the investment of Savannah and the battle of Bentonville ; re-enlisted as veterans, in January, 1864; was mustered out at Louisville, July 11, 1865, and finally discharged, at Chicago, July 18.

Sixty-fifth Infantry. Originally known as the "Scotch Regiment"; was organized at Chi- cago, and mustered in. May 1, 1863. It was cap- tured and paroled at Harper's Ferry, and ordered to Chicago ; was exchanged in April, 1863 ; took part in Burn.side"s defense of Knoxville; re-en- listed as veterans in JIarch, 1864, and participated

in the Atlanta campaign and the "March to the Sea." It was engaged in battles at Columbia (Tenn.), Franklin and Nashville, and later near Federal Point and Smithtown, N. C, being mus- tered out, July 13, 1865, and receiving final pay- ment and discharge at Chicago, July 26, 1865.

Sixty-sixth Infantry. Organized at Benton Barracks, near St. Louis, Mo., during September and October, 1861 — being designed as a regiment of "Western Sharp Shooters" from Illinois, Mis- souri, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Indiana and Ohio. It was mustered in, Nov. 23, 1861, was engaged at Mount Zion (Mo.), Fort Donelson, Shiloh, the siege of Corinth, luka, the second battle of Corinth, in the Atlanta campaign, the "March to the Sea" and the campaign through the Carolinas. The regiment was variously known as the Fourteenth Slissouri Volunteers, Birge's Western Sharpshooters, and the Sixty- sixth riinois Infantry. The latter (and final) name was conferred by the Secretary of War, Nov. 20, 1863. It re-enlisted (for the veteran service), in December, 1863, was mustered out at Camp Logan, Ky., July 7, 1865, and paid off and discharged at Springfield, July 15.

Sixty-seventh Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, June 13, 1863, for three months' service, in response to an urgent call for the defense of Washington. The Sixty-seventh, by doing guard duty at the camps at Chicago and Springfield, relieved the veterans, who were sent to the front.

Sixty-eighth Infantry. Enlisted in response to a call made by the Governor, early in the sum- mer of 1862, for State troops to serve for three months as State Militia, and was mustered iu early in June, 1862. It was afterwards mustered into the United States service as Illinois Volun- teers, by petition of the men, and received marching orders, July 5, 1862; mustered out, at Springfield, Sept. 26, 1862 — many of the men re- enlisting in other regiments.

Sixty-ninth Infantry. Organized at Camp Douglas, Chicago, and mustered into service for three months, June 14, 1862. It remained on duty at Camp Douglas, guarding the camp and rebel prisoners.

Seventieth Infantry. Organized at Camp Butler, near Springfield, and mustered in, July 4, 1863. It remained at Camp Butler doing guard duty. Its term of service was three months.

Seventy- first Infantry. Mustered into serv- ice, July 26. 1862, at Chicago, for three months. Its service was confined to garrison duty in Illi- nois and Kentucky, being niustereu out at Chi- cago, Oct. 39, 1863.

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HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

Seventy-second Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, as the First Regiment of the Chicago Board of Trade, and mustered into service for three years, August 23, 1863. It was engaged at Cham- pion Hill, Vicksburg, Natcliez, Franklin, Nash- ville, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely; mustered out of service, at Vicksburg, August 6, 1865, and discharged at Chicago.

Seventy'-third Infantry". Recruited from the counties of Adams, Champaign, Christian, Hancock, Jackson, Logan, Piatt, Pike, Sanga- mon, Tazewell and Vermilion, and mustered into service at Springfield, August 31, 1862, 900 strong. It participated in the battles of Stone River, Perryville, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Burnt Hickory, Pine and Lost Mountains, New Hope Cliurch, Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree Creek, Spring Hill, Frank- lin and Nashville ; was mustered out at Nashville, June 12, 1865, and, a few days later, -vent to Springfield to receive pay and final discharge.

Seventy'-fouRth Infantry'. Organized at Rockford, in August. 1862, and mustered into service September 4. It was recruited from Win- nebago, Ogle and Stephenson Counties. This regi- ment was engaged at Perrj-ville, Murfreesboro and Nolansville, took part in the Tullahoma campaign, and the battles of Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Tunnel Hill, and Rocky Face Ridge, the siege of Atlanta, and tlie tattles of Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. It was mustered out at Nasliville, June 10. 186-5, with 343 officers and men, the aggregate number enrolled having been 1,001.

Seventy-fifth Infantry'. Organized at Dixon and mustered into service, Sept. 3, 1863. The reffiment participated in tlie battles of Perry- ville, Nolansville, Stone River, Lookout Mountain, Dalton, Resaca, Marietta, Kenesaw, Franklin and Nashville ; was mustered out at Nashville, June 12, 1865, and finally discharged at Chicago, July 1, following.

Seventy'-sixth Infantry. Organized at Kan- kakee, 111., in August, 1863, and mustered into the service. August 22, 1862; took part in the siege of Vicksburg, the engagement at Jackson, the cam- paign against Meridian, the expedition to Yazoo City, and the capture of Mobile, was ordered to Texas in June, 1865, and mustered out at Galves- ton, July 32, 1865, being paid off and disbanded at Chicago, August 4, 1865 — having traveled 10,000 miles.

Seventv-sf.vfntw Infantry. Organized and mustered into service, Sept. 3, 1862, at Peoria; was eng.TETo 1 in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou,

Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg (including tlie battle of Champion Hills), tlie capture of Jackson, the Red River expedition, and the bat- tles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill : the reduction of Forts Gaines and Morgan, and the capture of Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely and Mobile. It was mustered out of service at Mobile, July 10, 1865, and ordered to Springfield for final pay- ment and discharge, where it arrived, July 32, 1865, having participated in sixteen battles and sieges.

Seventy-eighth Infantry'. Organized at Quincy, and mustered into service, Sept. 1, 1863; participated in the battles of Chickamauga, Blis- sionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Averysboro and Bentonville ; was mustered out, June 7, 1865, and sent to Chicago, where it was paid off and dis- charged, June 13, 1865.

Seventy-ninth Infantry. Organized at Ma.t- toon, in August, 1862, and mustered into service, August 28, 1862; participated in the battles of Stone River, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Mis- sionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Kene- saw Mountain, Dallas. Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejo}', Franklin and Nashville; was mustered out, June 13, 1865; arrived at Camp Butler, June 15, and, on June 23, received final pay and discharge.

Eightieth Infantry'. Organized at Centralia, 111., in August, 1862, and mustered into service, August 25, 1862. It was engaged at Perryville, Dug's Gap, Sand Mountain and Blunt's Farm, surrendering to Forrest at the latter point. After being exchanged, it participated in the battles of Wauhatchie, Missionary Ridge, Dalton, Resaca, Adairsville, Cassville, Dallas, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Jlountain, Slarietta, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station and Nash- ville. The regiment traveled 6,000 miles and participated in more than twenty engagements. It was mustered out of service, June 10, 1865, and proceeded to Camp Butler for final pay and discharge.

EiGHTY'-FiRST INFANTRY'. Recruited from the counties of Perry, Franklin, Williamson, Jack- son, Unife, Pulaski and Alexander, and mustered into service at Anna, August 26, 1862. It partici- pated in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hill, Black River Bridge, and in the siege and capture of Vicksburg. Later, the regiment was engaged at Fort de Russey, Alexandria, Guntown and Nashville, besides assisting in the investment of Mobile. It was mustered out at Chicago, August 5, 1864.

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

561

jjuHTY-SECOND INFANTRY. Sometimes called the 'Second Hecker Regiment," in honor of Col- onel Frederick Hecker, its first Colonel, and for merly Colonel of tlie Twenty-fourth Illinois Infantry — being chiefly composed of German members of Chicago. It was organized at Spring- field, Sept. 26, 1803, and mustered into service, Oct. 33, 1863; participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Or- chard Knob, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church, Dallas, Marietta, Pine Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Bentonville ; was mustered out of service, June 9, 1865, and returned to Chicago, June 16 — having marched, during its time of service, 2,503 miles.

Eighty-third Infantry. Organized at Mon- mouth in August, 1868, and mustered into serv- ice, August 21. It participated in repelling the rebel attack on Fort Donelson, and in numerous hard- fought skirmishes in Tennessee, but was chiefly engaged in the performance of heavy guard duty and in protecting lines of communi- cation. The regiment was mustered out at Nash- ville, June 26, 186.5, and finally paid off and discharged at Chicago, July 4, following.

Eighty-fourth Infantry. Organized at Quincy, in August, 1862, and mustered into serv- ice, Sept. 1, 1863, with 939 men and oflicers. The regiment was authorized to inscribe upon its battle-flag the names of Perryville, Stone River, Woodbury, Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Dalton, Buzzard's Eoost, Resaca, Burnt Hickory, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Smyrna, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Sta- tion, Franklin, and Nashville. It was mustered out, June 8, 1865.

Eighty-fifth Infantry. Organized at Peoria, about Sept. 1, 1863, and ordered to Louisville. It 'ook part in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Knoxville, Dalton, Rocky-Face Ridge, Resaca, Rome, Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Savannah, Ben- tonville, Goldsboro and Raleigh; was mustered out at "Washington, D. C, June 5, 1865, and sent to Springheia, wnere the regiment was paid off and discharged on the 30th of the same month.

Eighty-sixth Infantry. Mustered into serv- ice, August 37, 1863, at Peoria, at which time it numbered 933 men, rank and file. It took part in the battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Mis- sionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro, Averysboro and Bentonville; was mustered out aa June 6, 1865, at Washington, D. C, arriving

on June 11, at Chicago, where, ten days later, the men received their pay and final discharge.

Eighty-seventh Infantry. Enlisted in Au- gust, 1863; was composed of companies from Hamilton, Edwards, Wayne and White Counties ; was organized in the latter part of August, 1802, at Shawneetown; mustered in, Oct. 3, 1863, the muster to take effect from August 2. It took part in the siege and capture of Warrenton and Jackson, and in the entire campaign through Louisiana and Southern Mississippi, participating in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads and in numer- ous skirmishes among the bayous, being mustered out, June 16, 1865, and ordered to Springfield, where it arrived, June 34, 1865, and was paid off and disbanded at Camp Butler, on July 3.

Eighty-eighth Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, in September, 1863, and known as the "Second Board of Trade Regiment." It was mustered in, Sept. 4, 1863; was engaged at Perry- ville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge. Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope Church, Pine Mountain, Mud Creek, Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna Camp Ground, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Franklin and Nashville; was mustered out, June 9, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn., and arrived at Chicago, June 13, 1865, where it received final pay and discharge, June 33, 1865.

Eighty-ninth Infantry-. Called the "Rail- road Regiment"; was organized by the railroad companies of Illinois, at Chicago, in August, 1863, and mustered into service on the 27th of that month. It fought at Stone River, Chicka- mauga, Missionary Ridge, Knoxville, Resaca, Rocky Face Ridge, Pickett's Mills, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station, Spring Hill, Columbia, Frank- lin and Nashville; was mustered out, June 10, 1865, in the field near Nashville, Tenn. ; arrived at Chicago two days later, and was finally dis- charged, June 34, after a service of two years, nine months and twenty -seven days.

Ninetieth Infantry*. Mustered into service at Chicago, Sept. 7, 1863 ; participated in the siege of Vicksburg and the campaign against Jackson, and was engaged at Missionary Ridge. Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Nickajack Creek, Rosswell, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Fort McAllister. After the review at Washington, the regiment was mustered out, June 6, and returned to Chicago, June 9, 1865, where it was finally discharged.

Ninety-first Infantry. Organized at Camp Butler, near Springfield, in August, 1862, and

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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

mustered in on Sept. 8, 1862 ; participated in tlie campaigns against Vicksburg and New Orleans, and all along the southwestern frontier in Louisiana and Texas, as well as in the investiture and capture of Mobile. It was mustered out at Mobile, July 13, 1865, starting for home the same day, and being finally paid off and discharged on July 28, following.

Ninety-second Infantry (Mounted). Organ- ized and mustered into service, Sept. 4, 1863, being recruited from Ogle, Stephenson and Car- roll Counties. During its term of service, the Ninety-second was in more than sixty battles and skirmishes, including Ringgold, Chickamauga, and the numerous engagements on the "March to the Sea," and during the pursuit of Johnston through the Carolinas. It was mustered out at Concord, N. C. , and paid and discharged from the service at Chicago, Jul}' 10, 1865.

Ninety-third Infantry. Organized at Chi- cago, in September, 1863, and mustered in, Oct. 13, 998 strong. It participated in the movements against Jackson and Vicksburg, and was engaged at Champion Hills and at Fort Fisher ; also was engaged in the battles of Missionary Ridge, Dallas, Resaca, and many minor engagements, following Sherman in his campaign though the Carolinas. Mustered out of service, June 23, 1865, and, on the 25th, arrived at Chicago, receiv- ing final payment and discharge, July 7, 1865, the regiment having marched 2,554 miles, traveled by water, 2,396 miles, and, by railroad, 1,237 miles — total, 6,087 miles.

Ninety-fourth Infantry*. Organized at Bloomington in August, 1862, and enlisted wholly in McLean County. After some warm experi ence in Southwest Missouri, the regiment took part in the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and was. later, actively engaged in the campaigns in Louisiana and Texas. It participated in the cap- ture of Mobile, leading the final assault. After several months of garrison dutj*, the regiment was mustered out at Galveston, Texas, on July 17, 1865, reaching Bloomington on August 9, follow- ing, having served just three years, marched 1,200 miles, traveled by railroad 610 miles, and, by steamer, 6,000 miles, and taken part in nine bat- tles, sieges and skirmishes.

Ninety-fifth Infantry. Organized at Rock- ford and mustered into service, Sept. 4, 1802. It was recruited from the counties of McHenry and Boone — three companies from the latter and seven from the former. It took part in the cam- paigns in Northern Mississippi and against Vicks- burg, in the Red River expedition, the campaigns

against Price in Missouri and Arkansas, against Jlobile and around Atlanta. Among the battles in which the regiment was engaged were those of the Tallahatchie River, Grand Gulf, Raymond, Champion Hills, Fort de Russey, Old River, Cloutierville, Mansura, Yellow Bayou, Guntown, Nashville, Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely, Kenesaw Mountain, Chattahoochie River, Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station and Nash- ville. The distance traveled by the regiment, while in the service, was 9,960 miles. It was transferred to the Forty-seventh Illinois Infan- try, August 25, 1863.

Ninety-sixth Infantry*. Recruited during the months of July and August, 1863, and mus- tered into service, as a regiment, Sept. 6, 1863. The battles engaged in included Fort Donelson, Spring Hill, Franklin, Triune, Liberty Gap, Shelbyville, Chickamauga, Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, Buzzard's Roost, Rock}- Face Ridge, Resaca, Kingston, New Hope Church, Dallas, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna Camp Ground, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Rough and Ready, Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station, Frank- lin and Nashville. Its date of final pay and dis- charge was June 30, 1865.

Ninety-seventh Infantry*. Organized in August and September, 1862, and mustered in on Sept. 16; participated in tlie battles of Chickasaw Bluffs, Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River, Vicksburg, Jackson and Mobile. On July 39, 1865, it was mustered out and proceeded homeward, reaching Springfield, August 10, after an absence of three years, less a few days.

Ninety-eighth Infantry. Organized at Cen- tralia, September, 1863, and mustered in, Sept. 8 ; took part in engagements at Chickamauga, Mc- Minnville, Farmington and Selma, besides many others of less note. It was mustered out, June 27, 1865, the recruits being transferred to the Sixt3'-first Illinois Volunteers. The regiment arrived at Springfield, June 30. and received final payment and discharge, Juh* 7, 1865.

Ninety-ninth Infantry. Organized in Pike County and mustered in at Florence, August 33, 1863; participated in the following battles and skirmishes: Beaver Creek. Hartsville, Magnolia Hills, Raymond, Champion Hills, Black River, Vicksburg, Jackson, Fort Esperanza, Grand Coteau, Fish River, Spanish Fort and Blakely: days under fire, 63; miles traveled, 5,900; men killed in battle, 38; men died of wounds and disease, 149; men discharged for disability, 127; men deserted, 35; officers killed in battle, 3;

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563

oflBders died, 2; ofRcers resigned, 26. The regi- ment was mustered out at Baton Rouge, July 31, 1865, and paid off and disciaarged, August 9, following.

One Hundredth Infantry. Organized at Joliet, in August, 1862, and mustered in, August 30. The entire regiment was recruited in Will County. It was engaged at Bardstown, Stone River, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Nashville ; was mustered out of service, June 12, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn., and arrived at Chicago, June 15, where it received final payment and discharge.

One Hundred and First Infantry. Organ- ized at Jacksonville during the latter part of the month of August, 1863, and, on Sept. 2, 1862, was mustered in. It participated in the battles of Wauhatchie, Chattanooga, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw and Pine Jlountains, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Averysboro and Bentonville. On Deo. 20, 1862, five companies were captured at Holly Springs, Miss., paroled and sent to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., and formally exchanged in June, 1863. On the 7th of June, 1865, it was mustered out, and started for Springfield, where, on the 21st of June, it was paid off and disbanded.

One Hundred and Second Infantry. Organ- ized at Knoxville, in August, 1862, and mustered in, September 1 and 2. It was engaged at Resaca, Camp Creek, Burnt Hickory, Big Shanty, Peach Tree Creek and Averysboro; mustered out of service June 6, 1865, and started home, arriving at Chicago on the 9th, and, June 14, received final payment and discharge.

One Hundred and Third Infantry. Re- cruited wholly in Fulton County, and mustered into the service, Oct. 2, 1862. It took part in the Grierson raid, the sieges of Vicksburg, Jack- son, Atlanta and Savannah, and the battles of Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost. Resaca, Dal- las, Kenesaw Mountain and Griswoldsville; was also in the campaign through the Carolinas. The regiment was mustered out at Louisville, June 21, and received final discharge at Chi- cago, July 9, 1865. The original strength of the regiment was 808, and 84 recruits were enlisted.

One Hundred and Fourth Infantry. Organ- ized at Ottawa, in August. 1802, and composed almost entirely of La Salle County men. The regiment was engaged in the battles of Harts- ville, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission- ary Ridge, Resaca, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro and Bentonville, besides many severe skirmishes ; was mustered out at Washing-

ton, D. C, June 6, 1865, and, a few days later received final discharge at Chicago.

One Hundred and Fifth Infantry. Mus- tered into service, Sept. 2, 1862, at Dixon, and participated in the Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Resaca, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta, and almost con.stantly skirmishing; also took part in the "March to the Sea" and the campaign in ^he Carolinas, including the siege of Savannah and the battles of Averysboro and Bentonville. It was mustered out at Washing- ton, D. C, June 7, 1865, and paid off and dis- charged at Chicago, June 17.

One Hundred and Sixth Infantry. Mus- tered into service at Lincoln, Sept. 18, 1862, eight of the ten companies having been recruited in Logan County, the other two being from San- gamon and Jlenard Counties. It aided in the defense of Jackson, Tenn., where Company "C" was captured and paroled, being exchanged in the summer of 1863; took part in the siege of Vicksburg, the Yazoo expedition, the capture of Little Rock, the battle of Clarendon, and per- formed service at various points in Arkansas. It was mustered out, July 12, 1865, at Pine Bluff, Ark., and arrived at Springfield, July 24, 1865, where it received final payment and discharge

One Hundred and Seventh Infantry. Mus- tered into service at Springfield, Sept. 4, 1862; was composed of si.x companies from DeWitt and four companies from Piatt County. It was engaged at Campbell's Station, Dandridge, Rocky-Face Ridge, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Spring Hill, Franklin, Nashville and Fort Anderson, and mustered out, June 21, 1865, at Salisbury, N. C, reaching Springfield, for final payment and discharge, July 2, 1865.

One Hundred and Eighth Infantry. Organ- ized at Peoria, and mustered into service, August 28, 1862 ; took part in the first expedition against Vicksburg and in the battles of Arkansas Post (Fort Hindman), Port Gibson and Champion Hills; in the capture of Vicksburg, the battle of Guntown, the reduction of Spanish Fort, and the capture of Mobile. It was mustered out at Vicks- burg, August 5, 1865, and received final discharge at Chicago, August 11.

One Hundred and Ninth Infantry. Re- cruited from Union and Pulaski Counties and mustered into the service, Sept. 11, 1862. Owing to its number being greatly reduced, it was con- solidated with the Eleventh Infantry in April, 1863. (See Eleventh Infantry.)

One Hundred and Tenth Infantry. Organ- ized at Anna and mustered in, Sept. 11, 1862; was

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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

engaged at Stone River, Woodbury, and in numerous skirmishes in Kentucky and Tennessee. In May, 1863, the regiment ^vas consolidated, its numbers having been greatly reduced. Subse- quently it participated in the battles of Chicka- mauga and Missionary Ridge, the battles around Atlanta and the campaign tlirough the Carolinas, being present at Johnston's surrender. The regi- ment was mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 5, 186.5, and received final discharge at Chicago, June 15. The enlisted men whose term of service had not expired at date of muster-out, were consolidated into four companies and trans- ferred to the Sixtieth Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry.

One Hundred and Eleventh Infantry. Re- cruited from Marion, Clay, Washington, Clinton and Wayne Counties, and mustered into the serv- ice at Salem, Sept. 18, 1863. The regiment aided in the capture of Decatur, Ala. ; took part in the Atlanta campaign, being engaged at Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw, Atlanta and Jonesboro ; partici- pated in the "March to the Sea" and the cam- paign in the Carolinas, taking part in the battles of Fort McAllister and Bentonville. It was mus- tered out at Washington, D. C, June 7, 1865, receiving final discharge at Springfield, June 27, having traveled 3,736 miles, of which 1,886 was on the march.

One Hundred and Twelfth Infantry. Mus- tered into service at Peoria, Sept. 30 and 23, 1863 ; participated in the campaign in East Ten- nessee, under Burnside, and in that against Atlanta, under Sherman; was also engaged in the battles of Columbia, Franklin and Nashville, and the capture of Fort Anderson and Wilming- ton. It was mustered out at Goldsboro, N. C, June 30, 1865, and finally discharged at Chicago, July 7, 1865.

One Hundred and Thirteenth Infantry. Left Camp Hancock (near Chicago) for the front, Nov. 6, 1863; was engaged in the Tallahatchie expedition, participated in the battle of Chicka- saw Bayou, and was sent North to guard prison- ers and recruit. The regiment also took part in the siege and capture of Vicksburg, was mustered out, June 30, 1865, and finally discharged at Chi- cago, five days later.

One Hundred and Fourteenth Infantry. Organized in July and August, 1863, and mustered in at Springfield, Sept. 18, being recruited from Cass. Slenard and Sangamon Counties. The regi- ment participated in the battle of Jackson (Miss. ), the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and in the battles of Guntown and HarrisviUe, the pursuit

of Price through Missouri, the battle of Nash- ville, and the capture of Mobile. It was mustered out at Vicksburg, August 3, 1865, receiving final payment and discharge at Springfield. August 15, 1865.

One Hundred and Fifteenth Infantry. Ordered to the front from Springfield, Oct. 4, 1862 ; was engaged at Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Tunnel Hill. Resaca and in all the principal battles of the Atlanta campaign, and in the defense of Nashville and pursuit of Hood; was mustered out of service, June 11, 1865, and received final pay and discharge, June 23, 1865, at Springfield.

One Hundred and Sixteenth Infantry. Recruited almost wholly from JIacon County, numbering 980 oSicers and men when it started from Decatur for the front on Nov. 8, 1862. It participated in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Stone Slountain, Atlanta, Fort McAllister and Bentonville, and was mustered out, June 7, 1865, near Washington, D. C.

One Hundred and Seventeenth Infantry. Organized at Springfield, and mustered in, Sept. 19, 1862; participated in the Meridian campaign, the Red River expedition (assisting in the cap- ture of Fort de Russey), and in the battles of Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Franklin, Nashville, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. It was mustered out at Springfield, August 5, 1865, having traveled 9,276 miles, 2,307 of which were marched.

One Hundred and Eighteenth Infantry. Organized and mustered into the service at Springfield, Nov. 7, 1862; was engaged at Chicka- saw Bluffs, Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Cham- pion Hills, Black River Bridge, Jackson (Miss.), Grand Coteau, Jackson (La.), and Amite River. The regiment was mounted, Oct. 11, 1863, and dismounted. May 23, 1865. Oct. 1, 1865, it was mustered out, and finally discharged, Oct. 13. At the date of the muster-in, the regiment num- bered 830 men and officers, received 283 recruits, making a total of 1,103; at muster-out it num- bered 523. Distance marched, 3,000 miles; total distance traveled, 5,700 miles.

One Hundred and Nineteenth Infantry. Organized at Quincy, in September, 1863, and was mustered into the United States service, October 10 ; was engaged in the Red River cam- paign and in the battles of Shreveport, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Nashville, Spanish Fort and Fori

HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

565

Blakely. Its final muster-out took jjlace at Mobile, August 26, 1865, and its discharge at Springfield.

One Hundred and Twentiety Infantry. Mustered into the service, Oct. 28, 1862, at Sjjring- field ; was mustered out, Sept. 7, 1865, and received final payment and discharge, September 10, at Springfield.

One Hundred and Twenty-first Infan- try. (The organization of this regiment was not completed.)

One Hundred and Twenty-second Infan- try. Organized at Carlinville, in August, 1862, and mustered into the service, Sept. 4, with 960 enlisted men. It participated in the battles of Tupelo and Nashville, and in the capture of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, and was mustered out, July 15, 1865, at Mobile, and finally dis- charged at Springfield, August 4.

One Hundred and Twenty-third Infan- try. Mustered into service at Mattoon, Sept. 6. 1862; participated in the battles of Perry ville, Milton, Hoover's Gap, and Farmington ; also took part in the entire Atlanta campaign, marching as cavalry and fighting as infantry. Later, it served as mounted infantry in Kentucky, Tennes- see and Alabama, taking a prominent part in the capture of Selma. The regiment was discharged at Springfield, July 11, 1865 — the recruits, whose terms had not expired, being transferred to the Sixty-first Volunteer Infantry.

One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Infan- try. Mustered into the service, Sept. 10, 1862, at Springfield; took part in the Vicksburg campaign and in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond and Champion Hills, the siege of Vicksburg, the Meridian raid, the Yazoo expedition, and the capture of Mobile. On the 16th of August, 1865, eleven days less than three years after the first company went into camp at Springfield, the regi- ment was mustered out at Chicago. Colonel Howe's history of the battle-flag of the regiment, stated that it had been borne 4,100 miles,. in four- teen skirimishes, ten battles and two sieges of forty-seven days and nights, and thirteen days and nights, respectively.

One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Infan- try. Mustered into service, Sept. 3, 1862; par- ticipated in the battles of Perr3'ville, Chicka- mauga, Jlissionary Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Jonesboro, and in the "Ma'-ch to the Sea" and the Carolina cam- paign, being engaged at Averysboro and Benton- ville. It was mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 9, 1865, and finally discharged at Chicago.

One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Infan- try. Organized at Alton and mustered in, Sept. 4, 1862, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg. Six companies were engaged in skirmish line, near Humboldt, Tenn., and the regiment took part in the capture of Little Rock and in the fight at Clarendon. Ark. It was mustered out July 12, 1865.

One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Infan- try. Mustered into service at Chicago, Sept. 6, 1863; took part in the first campaign against Vicksburg, and in the battle of Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg under Grant, the capture of Jackson (Miss.), the battles of Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, the Meridian raid, and in the fighting at Resaca, Dallas, Kenegaw Mountain, Atlanta and Jonesboro; also accom- panied Sherman in his march through Georgia and the Carolinas, taking part in the battle of Bentonville ; was mustered out at Chicago. June 17, 1865.

One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Infan- try. Mustered in, Dec. 18, 1862, but remained in service less than five mouths, when, its num- ber of ofliicers and men having been reduced from 860 to 161 (largely by desertions), a number of officers were dismissed, and the few remaining officers and men were formed into a detachment, and transferred to another Illinois regiment.

One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Infan- try. Organized at Pontiac, in August, 1862, and mustered into the service Sept. 8. Prior to May, 1864, the regiment was chiefly engaged in garri- son duty. It marched with Sherman in the Atlanta campaign and through Georgia and the Carolinas, and took part in the battles of Resaca, Buzzard's Roost, Lost Jlountain, Dallas, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Averysboro and Benton- ville. It received final pay and discharge at Chi- ca'-o, June 10, 1865.

One Hundred and Thirtieth Infantry. Organized at Si^ringfield and mustered into service, Oct. 25, 1863; was engaged at Port Gib- son, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, Vicks- burg, Jackson (Miss.), and in the Red River expedition. AVhile on this expedition almost the entire regiment was captured at the battle of IMansfield, and not paroled until near the close of the war. The remaining oflScers and men were consolidated with the Seventy-seventh Infantry in Januar}', 1865, and participated in the capture of Mobile. Six months later its regimental re- organization, as the One Hundred and Thirtieth, was ordered. It was mustered out at New Orleans, August 15, 1865, and discharged at Springfield, August 31.

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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

One Hundred and Thiety-first Infan- try. Organized in September, 1863, and mus- tered into the service, Nov. 13, with 815 men, exclusive of officers. In October, 1863, it was consolidated with the Twenty -ninth Infantry, and ceased to exist as a separate organization. Up to that time the regiment had been in but a few conflicts and in no pitched battle.

One Hundred and Thirty-second Infan- try. Organized at Chicago and mustered in for 100 days from June 1, 1864. The regiment re- mained on duty at Paducali until the expiration of its service, wlien it moved to Chicago, and ■was mustered out, Oct. 17, 1864.

One Hundred xsd TaiRTY-TmRD Infan- try. Organized at Springfield, and mustered in for one hundred days, May 31, 1864; was engaged during its term of service in guarding prisoners of war at Rock Island ; was mustered out, Sept. 4, 1804, at Camp Butler.

One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Infan- try. Organized at Chicago and mustered in, May 31, 1864, for 100 days; was assigned to garrison duty at Columbus, Ky., and mustered out of service, Oct. 2.5, 1864, at Chicago.

One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Infan- try. Mustered in for 100-days" service at Mat- toon, June 6, 1864, having a strength of 852 men. It was chiefly engaged, during its term of service, in doing garrison duty and guarding railroads. It was mustered out at Springfield, Sept. 28, 1864.

One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Infan- try. Enlisted about the first of May, 1864, for 100 daj'S, and went into camp at Centralia, 111., but was not mustered into service until June 1, following. Its principal service was garrison duty, with occasional scouts and raids amongst guerrillas. At the end of its term of service the regiment re-enlisted for fifteen days; was mus- tered out at Springfield, Oct. 22, 1864, and dis- charged eight days later

One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Infan- try. Organized at Quincy, with ex-Gov John Wood as its Colonel, and mustered in, June 5, 1864, for 100 days. Was on duty at Memphis, Tenn , and mustered out of service at Spring- field. 111.. Sept. 4, 1864.

One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Infan- try Organized at Quincy, and mustered in, June 21, 1804, for 100 days; was assigned to garri- son duty at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., and in Western Missouri. It was mustered out of serv- ice at Springfield, 111., Oct. 14, 1864.

One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Inf.\x- TRY. Mustered into service as a 100-day's regi-

ment, at Peoria, June 1, 1864; was garrison duty at Columbus and Cairo, in making reprisals for guerrilla raids, and in the pursuit of the Confederate General Price in Missouri. The latter service was rendered, at the President's request, after the term of enlistment had expired. It was mustered out at Peoria, Oct. 2.3, 1864, hav- ing been in the service nearly five montlis.

One Hundred and Fourtieth Infantry. Organized as a 100-daj-s' regiment, at Springfield, June 18, 1864, and mustered into service on that date. Tlie regiment was engaged in guarding railroads between Memphis and Holly Springs.and in garrison duty at Memphis. After the term of enlistment had expired and the regiment had been mustered out, it aided in the pursuit of General Price through Missouri; was finally dis- charged at Chicago, after serving about five months

One Hundred and Forty-first Infan- try. Mustered into service as a 100- days' regi- ment, at Elgin, June 16, 1864— strength, 842 men; departed for the field, June 27, 1804; was mus- tered out at Chicago, Oct. 10, 1864.

One Hundred and Forty-second Infan- try. Organized at Freeport as a battalion of eight companies, and sent to Camp Butler, where two companies were added and the regiment mustered into service for 100 days, June 18, 1864. It was ordered to Memphis, Tenn., five days later, and assigned to duty at White's Station, eleven miles from that city, where it was employed in guarding tlie Memphis & Charleston railroad. It was mustered out at Chicago, on Oct, 27, 1864, the men having voluntarily served one month beyond their term of enlistment.

One Hundred and Forty-third Infan- try. Organized at Mattoon, and mustered in, June 11, 1804, for 100 days. It was assigned to garrison duty, and mustered out at Mattoon. Sept. 26, 1864.

One Hundred and Forty-fourth Inf.vn- TRY. Organized at Alton, in 1864, as a one-year regiment; was mustered into the service, Oct. 21, its strength being 1,159 men. It was mustered out, July 14, 1S6.J.

One Hundred and Forty-fifth Infan- try. Mustered intc service at Springfield, June 9, 1864; strength, 880 men. It departed for the field, June 12, 1864; was mustered out, Sept. 28, 1864.

One Hundred and Forty-sixth Inf.\n- TRY. Organized at Springfield, Sept. 18, 1864, for one year. Was assigned to the duty of guarding drafted men at Brighton, Quincy, Jacksonville

HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

567

and Springfield, and mustered out at Springfield, July 5, 1865.

One Hundred and Forty-seventh Infan- try. Organized at Chicago, and mustered into service for one year, Feb. 18 and 19, 1865; was engaged chiefly on guard or garrison duty, in scouting and in skirmishing with guerrillas. Mustered out at Nashville, Jan. 23, 1866, and received final discharge at Springfield, Feb. 4. One Hundred and Forty-eighth Infan- try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 21, 1865, for the term of one year ; was assigned to garrison and guard duty and mustered out, Sept. 5, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn ; arrived at Springfield, Sept. 9, 1865, where it was paid off and discharged.

One Hundred and Forty-ninth Infan- try. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 11, 1865, and mustered in for one year; was engaged in garrison and guard duty ; mustered out, Jan. 27, 1866, at Dalton, Ga. , and ordered to Springfield, where it received final payment and discharge.

One Hundred and Fiftieth Infantry. Organized at Springfield, and mustered in, Feb. 14, 1865, for one year; was on duty in Tennessee and Georgia, guarding railroads and garrisoning towns. It was mustered out, Jan. 16, 1866, at Atlanta, Ga., and ordered to Sijringfield, where it received final payment and discharge.

One Hundred and Fifty-first Infantry". This regiment was organized at Quincy, 111., and mustered into the United States service, Feb. 23, 1865, and was composed of companies from various parts of the State, recruited, under the call of Dec. 19, 1864. It was engaged in guard duty, with a few guerrilla skirmishes, and was present at tlie surrender of General War- ford's army, at Kingston, Ga. ; was mustered out at Columbus, Ga., Jan. 24, 1866, and ordered to Springfield, where it received final payment and discharge, Feb. 8, 1866.

One Hundred and Fifty-second Infan- try. Organized at Springfield and mustered in, Feb. 18, 1865, for one year; was mustered out of service, to date Sept. 11, at Memphis, Tenn., and arrived at Camp Butler, Sept. 9, 1865, where it received final payment and discharge.

One Hundred and Fifty-third Infan- try. Organized at Chicago, and mustered in, Feb. 27, 1865, for one year; was not engaged in any battles. It was mustered out, Sept. 15, 1865, and moved to Springfield, 111., and, Sept. 24, received final pay and discharge.

One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Infan- try'. Organized at Springfield, Feb. 21, 1865, for one year. Sept. 18, 1865, the regiment was

mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., and ordered to Springfield for final payment and discharge, where it arrived, Sept. 22 ; was paid oS and dis- charged at Camp Butler, Sept. 29.

One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Infa^i- TRY'. Organized at Springfield and mustered in Feb. 28, 1865, for one year, 904 strong. On Sept. 4, 1865, it was mustered out of service, and moved to Camp Butler, where it I'eceived final pay and discharge.

One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Infan- try'. Organized and mustered in during the months of February and March, 1865, from the northern counties of the State, for the term of one year. The officers of tlie regiment have left no written record of its history, but its service seems to have been rendered chiefly in Tennessee in the neighborhood of Memphis, Nashville and Chattanooga. Judging by the muster-rolls of the Adjutant-General, the regiment would appear to have been greatly depleted by desertions and otherwise, the remnant being finally mustered out, Sept. 20, 1865.

First Cavalry'. Organized — consisting of seven companies, A, B, C, D, E, F and G— at Alton, in 1861, and mustered into the United States service, July 3. After some service in Missouri, the regiment participated in the battle of Lexington, in that State, and was surrendered, with the remainder of the garrison, Sept. 20, 1861. The officers were paroled, and the men sworn not to take up arms again until discharged. No ex- change having been effected in November, the non-commissioned officers and privates were ordered to Springfield and discharged. In June, 1862, the regiment was reorganized at Benton Barracks, Mo., being afterwards employed in guarding supply trains and sujiply depots at various points. Mustered out, at Benton Bar- racks, July 14, 1863.

Second Cavalry. Organized at Springfield and mustered into service, August 13, 1861, with Company M (which joined the regiment some months later), numbering 47 commissioned offi- cers and 1,040 enlisted men. This number was in- creased by recruits and re-enlistments, during its four and a half year's term of service, to 3,336 enlisted men and 145 commissioned officers. It was engaged at Belmont ; a portion of the regi- ment took part in the battles at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh, another portion at Merriweather's Ferry, Bolivar and Holly Springs, and participated in the inve.stment of Vicksburg. In January, 1864, the major part of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, later, participating in the

568

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

Red River expedition and the investment of Fort Blakely. It was mustered out at San Antonio, Tex., Nov. 23, 1865, and finally paid and dis- charged at Springfield, Jan. 3, 1806.

Third Cavalry. Composed of twelve com- panies, from various localities in the State, the grand total of company ofHcers and enli.sted men, ttnder the first organization, being 1,433. It was organized at Springfield, in August, 1861; partici- pated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Haines' Bluff, Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, and the siege of Vicksburg. In July, 1864, a large portion of the regiment re- enlisted as veterans. The remainder were mus- tered out, Sept. 5, 1864. The veterans participated in the rejmlse of Forrest, at Memphis, and in the battles of Lawrenceburg, Spring Hill, Campbells- ville and Franklin. From Jlay to October, 1865, engaged in service against the Indians in the Northwest The regiment was mustered out at Springfield, Oct. 18, 1865.

Fourth Cavalry. Mustered into service, Sept. 26, 1861, and participated in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, and Shiloh; in the siege of Corinth, and in many engagenients of less historic note ; was mustered out at Springfield in November, 1864. By order of the War Depart- ment, of June 18, 1805, the members of the regiment whose terms had not expired, were con- solidated with the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry.

Fifth Cavalry. Organized at Camp Butler, in November, 1861; took part in the Meridian raid and the expedition against Jackson, Miss., and in numerous minor expeditions, doing effect- ive work at Canton, Grenada, Woodville, and other points. On Jan. 1, 1804, a large portion of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans. Its final muster-out took place, Oct. 27, 1865, and it re- ceived final payment and discharge, October 30. Sixth Cavalry. Organized at Springfield, Nov. 19, 1861 ; participated in Sherman's advance upon Grenada; in the Grierson raid through 5Iis- sissippi and Louisiana, the siege of Port Hudson, the battles of Moscow (Tenn), West Point (Miss.), Franklin and Nashville; re-enlisted as veterans, March 30, 1864; was mustered out at Selma, Ala., Nov. 5, 1865, and received discharge, November 20, at Springfield.

Se^t;nth Cav.^lry. Organized at Springfield, and was mustered into service, Oct. 13, 1861. It participated in the battles of Farmington, luka, Corinth (second battle) ; in Grierson's raid through Mississippi and Louisiana; in the en- gagement at Plain's Store (La.), and the invest- ment of Port Hudson. In March, 1864, 288

officers and men re-enlisted as veterans. The non-veterans were engaged at Guntown, and tha entire regiment took part in the battle of Frank- lin. After the close of hostilities, it was stationed in Alabama and Mississippi, until the latter part of October, 1865 ; was mustered out at Nashville, and finally discharged at Springfield, Nov. 17, 1865.

Eighth Cavalry. Organized at St. Charles, 111., and mustered in, Sept. 18, 1801. The regi- ment was ordered to Virginia, and participated in the general advance on JIanassas in March, 1863; was engaged at MechanicsviUe, Gaines' Hill, Malvern Hill, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Middle- town, South Mountain, Antietani, Fredericks- burg, Sulphur Springs, Warrentou, Rapidan Station, Northern Neck, Gettysburg, Williams- burg, Funkstown, Falling Water, Chester Gap Sandy Hook, Culpepper, Brandy Station, and in many raids and skirmishes. It was mustered out of service at Benton Barracks, Mo., July 17, 1865, and ordered to Chicago, where it received final payment and discharge.

Ninth Cavalry Organized at Chicago, in the autumn of 1861, and mustered in, November 30 ; was engaged at Cold water, Grenada, Wj-att, Saulsbury, Moscow, Guntown, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town Creek, Hurricane Creek, Lawrence- burg, Campellsville, Franklin and Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans, March 16, 1864; was mustered out of service a't Selma, Ala., Oct. 31, 1865, and ordered to Springfield, where the men received final pa^-ment and discharge.

Tenth Cavalry. Organized at Springfield in the latter part of September, 1861, and mustered into service, Nov. 25, 1861; was engaged at Prairie Grove, Cotton Plant. Arkansas Post, in the Yazoo Pass expedition, at Richmond (La.), Brownsville, Baj-ou Jletoe, Bayou La Fourche and Little Rock. In February, 1864, a large portion of the regiment re enlisted as veter- ans, the non-veterans accompanying General Banks in his Red River expedition. On Jan. 27, 1865, the veterans, and recruits were consolidated with the Fifteenth Cavalry, and all reorganized under the name of the Tenth Illinois Veteran Volunteer Cavalry. Mustered out of service at San Antonio, Texas, Nov. 22, 1865, and received final discharge at Springfield, Jan. 6, 1806.

Elev'enth Cavalry. Robert G. IngersoU of Peoria, and Basil D. Meeks, of Woodford County, obtained permission to raise a regiment of cavalry, and recruiting commenced in October, 1861. The regiment was recruited from the counties of Peoria, Fulton, Tazewell, Woodford,

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

569

Marshall, Stark, Knox, Henderson and Warren; was mustered into the service at Peoria, Dec. 20, 1861, and was first under fire at Shiloh. It also took part in the raid in the rear of Corinth, and in the battles of Bolivar, Corinth (second battle), luka, Lexington and Jackson (Tenn.); in Mc- pherson's expedition to Canton and Sherman's Meridian raid, in the relief of Yazoo City, and in numei'ous less important raids and skirmishes. Most of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans in December, 1863; the non-veterans being mus- tered out at Memphis, in the autumn of 1864. The Teterans were mustered out at the same place, Sept. 30, 1865, and discharged at Springfield, October 20.

Twelfth Cavalry. Organized at Springfield, in February, 1863, and remained there guarding rebel prisoners until June 2.5, when it was mounted and sent to Martinsburg, Va. It was engaged at Fredericksbvu-g. Williamsport, Falling Waters, the Rapidan and Stevensburg. On Nov. 26, 1863, the regiment was relieved from service and ordered home to reorganize as veterans. Subsequently it joined Banks in the Red River expedition and in Davidson's expedition against Mobile. While at Memphis the Twelfth Cavalry was consolidated into an eight-company organi- zation, and the Fom'th Cavalry, having previously been consolidated into a battalion of five com- panies, was consolidated with the Twelfth. The consolidated regiment was mustered out at Houston, Texas, May 29, 1866, and, on June 18, received final pay and discharge at Springfield.

Thirteenth Cavalry. Organized at Chicago, in December, 1861 ; moved to the front from Benton Barracks, Mo., in February, 1862, and was engaged in the following battles and skir- mishes (all in Missouri and Arkansas) : Putnam's Ferry, Cotton Plant, Union City (twice). Camp Pillow, Bloomfield (first and second battles), "Van Buren, Allen, Eleven Point River, Jackson, White River, Chalk Bluff, Bushj- Creek, near Helena, Grand Prairie, White River, Deadman's Lake, Brownsville, Bayou Metoe, Austin, Little Rock, Benton, Batesville, Pine Bluff, Arkadel- phia, Okolona, Little Missouri River, Prairie dii Anne, Camden, Jenkins' Ferry, Cross Roads, Mount Elba, Douglas Landing and Monticello. The regiment was mustered out, August 31, 186.5, and received final pay and discharge at Spring- field, Sept. 13, I860.

Fourteenth Cavalry. Mustered into service at Peoria, in January and February, 1863; par- ticipated in the battle of Cumberland Gap, in the defense of Knoxville and the pursuit of Long-

street, in the engagements at Bean Station and Dandridge, in the Macon raid, and in the cavalry battle at Sunshine Church. In the latter Gen- eral Stoneman surrendered, but the Fourteenth cut its way out. On their retreat the men were betrayed by a guide and the regiment badly cut up and scattered, those escaping being hunted by soldiers with bloodhounds. Later, it was engaged at Waynesboro and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, and was mustered out at Nashville, July 31, 1865, having marched over 10,000 miles, exclusive of duty done by detachments.

Fifteenth Cavalry. Composed of companies originally independent, attached to infantry regi- ments and acting as such; participated in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the siege and capture of Corinth. Regimental or- ganization was effected in the spring of 1863, and thereafter it was engaged chiefly in scouting and post duty. It was mustered out at Springfield, August 25, 1864, the recruits (whose term ot service had not expired) being consolidated with the Tenth Cavalry.

Sixteenth Cavalry. Composed principally of Chicago men — Thieleman's and Schambeck's Cavalry Companies, raised at the outset of the war, forming the nucleus of the regiment. The former served as General Sherman's body-guard for some time. Captain Thieleman was made a Major and authorized to raise a battalion, the two companies named thenceforth being knovsT- as Thieleman's Battalion. In September, 1862, the War Department authorized the extension of the battalion to a regiment, and, on the 11th of June, 1863, the regimental organization was com- pleted. It took part in the East Tennessee cam- paign, a portion of the regiment aiding in the defense of Knoxville, a part garrisoning Cumber- and Gap, and one battalion being captured by Longstreet. The regiment also participated in the battles of Rocky Face Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Kingston, Cassville, Carterville, Allatoona, Kenesaw, Lost Mountain, Mines Ridge, Powder Springs, Chattahoochie, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville. It arrived in Chicago, August 23, 1865, for final payment and discharge, having marched about 5,000 miles and engaged in thirty-one battles, besides numer- ous skirmishes.

Seventeenth Cavalry. Mustered into serv- ice in January and February, 1864; aided in the repulse of Price at Jefferson City, Mo., and was engaged at Booneville, Independence, Mine Creek, and Fort Scott, besides doing garrison duty, scouting and raiding. It was mustered

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out in November and December, 1865, at Leaven- worth, Kan. Gov. John L. Beveridge, who had previously been a Captain and Major of the Eighth Cavalry, was the Colonel of this regi- ment.

First Light Artillery. Consisted of ten batteries. Battery A was organized under the first call for State troops, April 21, 1861, but not mustered into the three years' service until July 16; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, and in the Atlanta cam- paign; was in reserve at Champion Hills and Nashville, and mustered out July 3, 1865, at Chicago.

Battery B was organized in April, 1861, en- gaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the siege of Corinth and at La Grange, Holly Springs, Memphis, Cliickasaw Baj'ou, Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg, Mechanicsburg, Richmond (La.), the Atlanta campaign and the battle of Nashville. The Battery was reorganized by con- solidation with Battery A, and mustered out at Chicago, July 2, 1865.

Battery D was organized at Cairo, Sept. 2, 1861 ; was engaged at Fort Donelson and at Shiloh, and mustered out, July 28, 1865, at Chicago.

Battery E was organized at Camp Douglas and mustered into service, Dec. 19, 1861 ; was engaged at Shiloh, Corinth, Jackson, Vicksburg, Gun- town, Pontotoc. Tupelo and Nashville, and mus- tered out at Louisville, Dec. 2-1, 1804.

Battery F was recruited at Dixon and mus- tered in at Springfield, Feb. 25, 1862. It took part in the siege of Corinth and the Yocona expedition, and was consolidated with the other batteries in the regiment, March 7, 1865.

Battery G was organized at Cairo and mus- tered in Sept. 28, 1861 ; was engaged in the siege and the second battle of Corinth, and mustered out at Springfield, July 24, 1865.

Batter}- H was recruited in and about Chicago, during January and February, 1862; participated in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Vicksburg, and in the Atlanta campaign, the "March to the Sea," and through the Carolinas with Sherman.

Battery I was organized at Camp Douglas and mustered in, Feb. 10, 1862; was engaged at Shiloh, inj;he Tallahatchie raid, the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, and in the battles of Chattanooga and Vicksburg It veteranized, }Iarch 17, 1864, and was mustered out, Julj- 26, 1865.

Battery K was organized at Shawneetown and mustered in, Jan. 9, 1862, participated in Burn-

side's campaign in Tennessee, and in the capture of Knoxville. Part of the men were mustered out at Springfield in June, 1865, and the re- manider at Chicago in July.

Battery M was organized at Camp Douglas and mustered into the service, August 12, 1863, for three years. It served through tlie Chickamauga campaign, being engaged at Chickamauga; also was engaged at Missionary Ridge, was besieged at Chattanooga, and took part in all the impor- tant battles of the Atlanta campaign. It was mustered out at Chicago, July 24, 1864, having traveled 3,102 miles and been under fire 178 days.

Second Light Artillery. Consisted of nine batteries. Battery A was organized at Peoria, and mustered into service, May 23, 1861 ; served in Missouri and Arkansas, doing brilliant work at Pea Ridge. It was mustered out of service at Springfield, July 27, 1865.

Battery D was organized at Cairo, and mustered into service in December, 1861 ; was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Jackson, Meridian and Decatur, and mustered out at Louisville, Nov. 21, 1864.

Battery E was organized at St. Louis, Mo., in August, 1861. and mustered into service, August 20, at that point. It was engaged at Fort Donel- son and Shiloh, and in the siege of Corinth and the Yocona expedition — was consolidated with Battery A.

Battery F was organized at Cape Girardeau, Mo., and mustered in, Dec. 11, 1861 ; was engaged at Shiloh, in the siege and second battle of Corinth, and the Meridian campaign; also at Kenesaw, Atlanta and Jonesboro. It was mustered out, July 27, 1865, at Springfield.

Battery H was organized at Springfield, De- cember, 1861, and mustered in, Dec. 31, 1861; was engaged at Fort Donelson and in the siege of Fort Pillow; veteranized, Jan. 1, 1864, was mounted as cavalry the following summer, and mustered out at Springfield, July 29, 1885.

Battery I was recruited in Will County, and mustered into service at Camp Butler, Dec. 31, 1861. It participated in the siege of Island No. 10, in the advance upon Cornith, and in the battles of Perrj-ville, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Slissionary Ridge and Chattanooga. It veteranized, Jan. 1, 1864, marched with Sher- man to Atlanta, and thence to Savannah and through the Carolinas, and was mustered out at Springfield.

Battery K was organized at Springfield and mustered in Dec. 31, 1863; was engaged at Fort Pillow, the capture of Clarkston, Mo., and the

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siege of Vicksburg. It was mustered out, July 14, 1865, at Chicago.

Battery L %vas organized at Chicago and mus- tered in, Feb. 28, 1862; participated in the ad- vance on Corinth, the battle of Hatchie and the advance on the Tallahatchie, and was mustered out at Chicago, August 9, 186.5.

Battery M was organized at Chicago, and mus- tered in at Springfield, June, 1862 ; was engaged at Jonesboro, Blue Spring, Blountsville and Rogersville, being finally consolidated with other batteries of the regiment.

Chicago Board of Trade Battery. Organ- ized through the efforts of the Chicago Board of Trade, which raised §15,000 for its equipment, within forty-eight hours. It was mustered into service, August 1, 1862, was engaged at Law- renceburg, Murfreesboro, Stone River, Chicka- mauga, Farmington, Decatur (Ga. ), Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Nashville, Selma and Columbus (Ga. ) It was mustered out at Chicago, June 30, 1865, and paid in full, July 3, having marched 5,268 miles and traveled by rail 1,231 miles. The battery was in eleven of the hardest battles fought in the West, and in twenty-six minor battles, being in action forty-two times while on scouts, reoonnoissances or outpost duty.

Chicago Mercantile Battery. Recruited and organized under the auspices of the Mercan- tile Association, an association of prominent and patriotic merchants of the City of Chicago. It was mustered into service, August 29, 1863, at Camp Douglas, participated in the Tallahatchie and Yazoo expeditions, the first attack upon Vicksburg, the battle of Arkansas Post, the siege of Vicksburg, the battles of Magnolia Hills, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge and Jackson (Miss.); also took part in Banks' Red River ex- ■pedition; was mustered out at Chicago, and received final payment, July 10, 1865, having traveled, by river, .sea and land, over 11,000 miles.

Springfield Light Artillery. Recruited principally from the cities of Springfield, Belle- ville and Wenona, and mustered into service at Sj)ringfteld, for the term of three years, August 21, 1862, numbering 199 men and officers. It participated in the capture of Little Rock and in the Red River expedition, and was mustered out at Springfield, 114 strong, June 30, 1865.

Cogswell's Battery, Light Artillery. Organized at Ottawa, 111. , and mustered in. Nov. 11, 1861, as Company A (Artillery) Fifty-third Illinois Volunteers, Colonel Cusliman command- ing the regiment. It participated in the

advance on Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg, the battle of Missionary Ridge, ami the capture of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, near Mobile. The regiment was mustered out at Springfield, August 14, 1865, having served three years and nine months, marched over 7,500 miles, and partici- pated in seven sieges and battles.

Sturges Rifles. An independent company, organized at Chicago, armed, equipped and sub- sisted for nearly two months, by the patriotic generosity of Mr. Solomon Sturges; was mustered into service. May 6, 1861 ; in June following, was ordered to West Virginia, serving as body- guard of General McClellan; was engaged at Rich Mountain, in the siege of Yorktown, and in the seven daj's' battle of the Chickahominy. A portion of the company was at Antietara, the remainder having been detached as foragers, scouts, etc. It was mustered out at Washington, Nov. 25, 1862.

WAR, THE SPANISH - AMERICAN. The oppressions and misrule wliich had character- ized the administration of affairs by the Spanish Government and its agents for generations, in the Island of Cuba, culminated, in April, 1898, in mutual declarations of war between Spain and the United States. The causes leading up to this result were the injurious effects upon American commerce and the interests of American citizens owning property in Cuba, as well as the constant expense imposed upon the Government of the United States in the maintenance of a large navy along the South Atlantic coast to suppress fili- bustering, superadded to the friction and unrest produced among the people of this country by the long continuance of disorders and abuses so near to oiu- own shores, which aroused the sympathy and indignation of the entire civilized world. For three years a large proportion of the Cuban population had been in open rebellion against the • Spanish Government, and, while the latter had imported a large army to the island and sub- jected the insurgents and their families and sj'mpathizers to the grossest cruelties, not even excepting torture and starvation itself, their policy had failed to bring the insurgents into subjection or to restore order. In this condition of affairs the United States Government had endeavored, thi-ough negotiation, to secure a miti- gation of the evils complained of, by a modifica- tion of the Spanish policy of government in the island; but all suggestions in this direction had either been resented by Spain as unwarrantable interference in her affairs, or promises of reform, when made, had been as invariably broken.

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HISTOKICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

In the meantime an increasing sentiment had been growing up in tlie United States in favor of conceding belligerent rights to the Cuban insur- gents, or the recognition of their independence, which found expression in measures proposed in Congress — all offers of friendly intervention by the United States having been rejected bj' Spain ■with evidences of indignation. Compelled, at last, to recognize its inability to subdue the insur- rection, the Spanish Government, in November, 1897, made a pretense of tendering autonomy to the Cuban people, witli the privilege of amnesty to the insurgents on la}"ing down their arms. The long duration of the war and the outrages perpetrated upon the helpless "reconcentrados," coupled with the increased confidence of the insurgents in the final triumph of their cause, rendered this movement — even if intended to be carried out to the letter — of no avail. The proffer came too late, and was promptly rejected.

In this condition of affairs and with a view to greater security for American interests, the American battleship Maine was ordered to Havana, on Jan. 24, 1898. It arrived in Havana Harbor the following daj-, and was anchored at a point designated by the Spanish commander. On the night of February 15, following, it was blown up and destroyed hj some force, as shown by after investigation, applied from without. Of a crew of 3.54 men belonging to tlie vessel at the time, 266 were eitlier killed outright bj' the explosion, or died from their wounds. Not only the Ameri- can people, but the entire civilized world, was shocked by the catastrophe. An act of horrible treachery had been perpetrated against an American vessel and its crew on a peaceful mis- sion in the harbor of a professedh- friendly na- tion.

The successive steps leading to actual hostili- ties were rapid and eventful. One of the earliest and most significant of these was the passage, by a unanimous vote of both houses of Congress, on March 9, of an appropriation placing §.50,000,000 in the hands of the President as an emergency fund for purposes of national defense. This was followed, two days later, by an order for the mobilization of the army. The more important events following this step were : An order, under date of April 5, withdrawing American consuls from Spanish stations : the departure, on April 9, of Consul-General Fitzhugh Lee from Havana; April 19, the adoption by Congress of concurrent resolutions declaring Cuba independent and directing the President to use the land and naval forces of the United States to put an end to

Spanish authority in the island; April 20, the sending to the Spanish Government, by the Presi- dent, of an ultimatum in accordance with chia act; April 21, the delivery to Minister Woodford, at Madrid, of his passports without waiting for the presentation of the ultimatum, with the departure of the Spanish Minister from Washing- ton ; April 23, the issue of a call by the President for 125,000 volimters; April 24, the final declara- tion of war by Spain ; April 25, the adoption by Congress of a resolution declaring that war had existed from April 21; on the same date an order to Admiral Dewey, in command of the Asiatic Squadron at Hongkong, to sail for Manila with a view to investing that city and blockading Philippine ports.

The chief events subsequent to the declaration of war embraced the following; May 1, the destruction by Admiral Dewey's squadron of the Spanish ileet in the harbor of Manila; May 19, the arrival of the Spanish Admiral Cervera's fleet at Santiago de Cuba; May 25, a second call by the President for 75,000 volunteers; July 3, the attempt of Cervera's fleet to escape, and its destruction off Santiago; July 17, the surrender of Santiago to the forces under General Shafter; July 30, the statement by the President, through the French Ambassador at Washington, of the terms on which the United States would consent to make peace ; August 9, acceptance of the peace terms by Spain, followed, three days later, by the signing of the peace protocol ; September 9, the appointment by the President of Peace Commis- sioners on the part of the United States ; Sept. 18, the announcement of the Peace Commissioners selected bj' Spain; October 1, the beginning of the Peace Conference by the representatives of the two powers, at Paris, and the formal signing, on December 10, of the peace treaty, including the* recognition by Spain of the freedom of Cuba, with the transfer to the United States of Porto Rico and her other West India islands, together with the surrender of the Philippines for a con- sideration of $20,000,000.

Seldom, if ever, in the history of nations have such vast and far-reaching results been accom- plished within so short a period. The war, which practically began with the destruction of the Spanish fleet in JIanila Harbor — an event which aroused the enthusiasm of the whole American people, and won the respect and admiration of other nations — was practically ended by the surrender of Santiago and the declaration by the President of the conditions of peace just three months later. Succeeding

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events, up to the formal signing of the peace treaty, were merely the recognition of results previously determined.

History of Illinois Regiments. — The part played by Illinois in connection with these events may be briefly summarized in the history of Illi- nois regiments and other organizations. Under the first call of the President for 125,000 volun- teers, eight regiments — seven of infantry and one of cavalry — were assigned to Illinois, to which was subsequently added, on application through Governor Tanner, one battery of light artil- lery. The infantry regiments were made up of the Illinois National Guard, numbered consecutively from one to seven, and were practically mobilized at their home stations within forty-eight hours from the receipt of the call, and began to arrive at Camp Tanner, near Springfield, the place of rendezvous, on April 26, the day after the issue of the Governor's call. The record of Illinois troops is conspicuous for the promptness of their response and the coni- pleteness of tlieir organization — in this respect being unsurpassed by those of any other State. Under tlie call of May 35 for an additional force of 75,000 men, the quota assigned to Illinois was two regiments, which were promptly furnished, taking the names of the Eighth and Ninth. The first of these belonged to the Illinois National Guard, as tlie regiments mustered in under the first call had done, while the Ninth was one of a number of "Provisional Regiments" which had tendered their services to the Government. Some twenty-five other regiments of this class, more or less complete, stood ready to perfect their organi- zations should there be occasion for their serv- ices. The aggregate strength of Illinois organi- zations at date of muster out from the United States service was 13,280 — 11,789 men and 491 officers.

First Regiment Illinois Volunteers (orig- inally Illinois National Guard) was organized at Chicago, and mustered into the United States service at Camp Tanner (Springfield), under the command of Col. Henry L. Turner, May 13, 1898; left Springfield for Camp Thomas (Chickamauga) May 17; assigned to First Brigade, Third Division, of the First Army Corps; started for Tampa, Fla., June 3, but soon after arrival there was transferred to Picnic Island, and assigned to provost duty in place of the First United States Infantry. On June 30 the bulk of the regiment embarked for Cuba, but was detained in the har- bor at Key West until July 5, when the vessel sailed for Santiago, arriving in Guantanamo Bay

on the evening of the 8th. Disembarking on the 10th, the whole regiment arrived on the firing line on the 11th, spent several days and nights in the trenches before Santiago, and were present at the surrender of that city on the 17th. Two companies had previously been detached for the scarcely less perilous duty of service in the fever liospitals and in caring for their wounded comrades. The next month was spent on guard duty in the captured city, until August 25, when, depleted in numbers and weakened b}' fever, the bulk of the regiment was transferred by hospital boats to Camp Wikoff, on Montauk Point, L. I. The members of the regi- ment able to travel left Camp Wikoff, September 8, for Chicago, arriving two days later, where they met an enthusiastic reception and were mustered out, November 17, 1,235 strong (rank and file)— a considerable number of recruits having joined the regiment just before leaving Tampa. The record of the First was conspicuous by the fact that it was the only Illinois regiment to see service in Cuba during the progress of actual hostilities. Before leaving Tampa some eighty members of the regiment were detailed for engineering duty in Porto Rico, sailed for that island on July 13, and were among the first to perform service there. The First suffered severely from yellow fever while in Cuba, but, as a regiment, while in the service, made a brilliant record, which was highly complimented in the official reports of its com- manding officers.

Second Regiment Illinois Voluntsee In- fantry (originally Second I. N. G.). This regi- ment, also from Chicago, began to arrive at Springfield, April 27, 1898 — at that time number- ing 1,203 men and 47 officers, under command of Col. George M. Moulton; was mustered in between May 4 and May 15 ; on May 17 started for Tampa, Fla., but en route its destination was changed to Jacksonville, where, as a part of the Seventh Army Corps, under command of Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, it assisted in the dedication of Camp Cuba Libre. October 25 it was transferi-ed to Savannah, Ga., remainingat "Camp Lee" until December 8, when two battalions embarked for Havana, landing on the loth, being followed, a few days later, by the Third Battalion, and sta- tioned at Camp Columbia. From Dec. 17 to Jan. 11, 1899, Colonel Moulton served as Chief of Police for the city of Havana. On March 38 to 30 the regiment left Camp Columbia in detach- ments for Augusta, Ga., where it arrived April 5, and was mustered out, April 26, 1,051 strong (rank and file), and returned to Chicago. Dur-

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ing its otay in Cuba the regiment did not lose a man. A history of this regiment has been written by Rev. H. W. Bolton, its late Chaplain. Third Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- TANTRT, composed of companies of the Illinois National Guard from the counties of La Salle. Livingston, Kane, Kankakee, McHenry, Ogle, Will, and Winnebago, under command of Col. Fred Bennitt, reported at Springfield, with 1,170 men and 50 officers, on April '^7 ; was mustered in May 7, 189S; transferred from Springfield to Camp Thomas (Chickamauga), May 14; on July 22 left Chickamauga for Porto Rico ; on the 28th sailed from Newport News, on the liner St. Louis, an-iving at Ponce, Porto Rico, on July 31 ; soon after disembarking captured Arroyo, and assisted in the capture of Guayama, which was the beginning of General Brooke's advance across the island to San Juan, when intelligence was received of the signing of the peace protocol by Spain. From August 13 to October 1 the Third continued in the performance of guard duty in Porto Rico; on October 23, 986 men and 39 offi- cers took transport for home by wa}' of New York, arriving in Chicago, November 11, the several companies being mustered out at their respective home stations. Its strength at final muster-out was 1,273 men and officers. This regiment had the distinction of being one of the first to see service in Porto Rico, but suffered severely from fever and other diseases during the three months of its stay in the island.

Fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, com- posed of companies from Champaign, Coles, Douglas, Edgar, Effingham, Fayette, Jackson, Jeiferson, Montgomery, Richland, and St. Clair counties; mustered into the service at Spring- field, "May 20, under command of Col. Casimer Andel; started immediately for Tampa, Fla., but en route its destination was changed to Jackson- ville, where it was stationed at Camp Cuba Libre as a part of the Seventh Corps under command of Gen. Fitzliugh Lee; in October was transferred to Savannah, Ga., remaining at Camp Onward until about the first of January, when the regi- ment took ship for Havana. Here the regiment was stationed at Camp Columbia until April 4, 1899, when it returned to Augusta, Ga., and was mustered out at Camp ^Mackenzie (Augusta), May 2, the companies returning to their respective home stations. During a part of its staj' at Jacksonville, and again at Savannah, the regi- ment was employed on guard duty. While at Jacksonville Colonel Andel was suspended by court-martial, and finally tendered his resigna-

tion, his place being supplied by Lieut.-Col. Eben Swift, of the Ninth.

Fifth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- fantry was the first regiment to report, and was mustered in at Springfield, May 7, 1898, under command of Col. James S. Culver, being finally composed of twelve companies from Pike, Chris- tian, Sangamon, McLean, Montgomery, Adams, Tazewell, Macon, Morgan, Peoria, and Fulton counties; on May 14 left Springfield for Camp Thomas (Chickamauga, Ga.), being assigned to the command of General Brooke; August 3 left Chickamauga for Newport News, Va., with the expectation of embarking for Porto Rico — a previous order of July 26 to the same purport having been countermanded; at Newport News embarked on tlie transport Obdam, but again the order was rescinded, and, after remaining on board thirty -six hours, the regiment was disem- barked. The next move was made to Lexington, Ky., where the regiment — having lost hope of reaching "the front" — remained until Sept. 5, when it returned to Springfield for final muster- out. This regiment was composed of some of the best material in the State, and anxious for active service, but after a succession of disappoint- ments, was compelled to return to its home sta- tion without meeting the enemy. After its arrival at Springfield the regiment was furloughed for thirty days and finally mustered out, October 16, numbering 1,213 men and 47 officers.

Sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, consisting of twelve companies from the counties of Rock Island, Knox, Whiteside, Lee, Carroll, Stephenson, Henry, Warren, Bureau, and Jo Daviess, was mustered in May 11, 1898, under command of Col. D. Jack Foster; on May 17 left Springfield for Camp Alger, Va. ; July 5 the regiment moved to Charleston, S. C, where a part embarked for Siboney, Cuba, but the whole regiment was soon after united in General Miles' expedition for the invasion of Porto Rico, landing at Guanico on July 25, and advancing into the interior as far as Adjunta and Utuado. After several weeks' service in the interior, the regiment returned to Ponce, and on September 7 took transport for the return home, arrived at Springfield a week later, and was mustered out November 25, the regiment at that time consist- ing of 1,239 men and 49 officers.

Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry (known as the "Hibernian Rifles"). Two battalion? of this regiment reported at Spring, field, April 27, with 33 officers and 765 enlisted men, being afterwards increased to the maxi-

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mum ; was mustered into the United States serv- ice, under command of Col. Marcus Kavanagh, - May 18, 1898 ; on May 28 started for Camp Alger, Va. ; was afterwards encamped at Thoroughfare Gap and Camp Meade ; on September 9 returned to Springfield, was furloughed for thirty days, and mustered out, October 20, numbering 1,260 men and 49 officers. Like the Fifth, the Seventh saw no actual service in the field.

Eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry (col- ored regiment), mustered into tlie service at Springfield under the second call of the Presi- dent, July 23, 1898, being composed wholly of Afro- Americans under officers of their own race, with Col. John R. Marshall in command, the muster-roll showing 1,193 men and 76 officers. The six companies, from A to F, were from Chi- cago, the other five being, respectively, from Bloomington, Springfield, Quincy, Litchfield, Mound City and Metropolis, and Cairo. The regiment having tendered their services to relieve the First Illinois on duty at Santiago de Cuba, it started for Cuba, August 8, by way of Kew York; immediately on arrival at Santiago, a week later, was assigned to duty, but subse- quently transferred to San Luis, where Colone, Marshall was made military governor. The major part of the regiment remained here until ordered home early in March, 1899, arrived at Chicago, March 15, and was mustered out, April 3, 1,226 strong, rank and file, having been in service nine months and six days.

Ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was organized from the counties of Southern Illinois, and mustered in at Springfield under the second call of the President, July 4-11, 1898, under com- mand of Col. James R. Campbell; arrived at Camp Cuba Libre (Jacksonville, Fla.), August 9; two months later was transfei-red to Savannah, Ga. ; was moved to Havana in December, where it remained until May, 1899, when it returned to Augusta, Ga., and was mustered out there. May 20, 1899, at that time consisting of 1,09.5 men and 46 officers. From Augusta the several companies returned to their respective home stations. The Ninth was the only "Provisional Regiment" from Illinois mustered into the service during the war, the other regiments all belonging to the National Guard.

First Illinois Cavalry was organized at Chi- cago immediately after the President's first call, seven companies being recruited from Chicago, two from Bloomington, and one each from Springfield, Elkhart, and Lacon ; was mustered in at Springfield, May 21, 1898, under command of

Col. Edward C. Young; left Springfield for Camp Thomas, Ga., May 30, remaining there until August 24, when it returned to Fort Slieridan, near Chicago, where it was stationed until October 11, when it was mustered out, at that time con- sisting of 1,158 men and 50 officers. Although the regiment saw no active service in the field, it established an excellent record for itself in respect to discipline.

First Engineering Corps, consisting of 80 men detailed from the First Illinois Volunteers, were among the first Illinois soldiers to see serv- ice in Porto Rico, accompanying General Miles' expedition in the latter part of July, and being engaged for a time in the construction of bridges in aid of the intended advance across the island. On September 8 they embarked for the return home, arrived at Cliicago, September 17, and were mustered out November 20.

Battery A (I. N. G.), from Danville, 111., was mustered in under a special order of the War Department, May 12, 1898, under command of Capt. Oscar P. Yaeger, consisting of 118 men; left Springfield for Camp Thomas, Ga., May 19, and, two months later, joined in General Miles' Porto Rico expedition, landing at Guanico on August 3, and taking part in the affair at Gua- yarna on the 12th. News of peace having been received, the Battery returned to Ponce, where it remained until September 7, when it started on the return home by way of New York, arrived at Danville, September 17, was furloughed for sixty days, and mustered out November 23. The Battery was equipped with modern breech-load- ing rapid-firing guns, operated by practical artil- lerists and prepared for effective service.

Naval Reserves. — One of the earliest steps taken by the Government after it became ap- parent that hostilities could not be averted, was to begin preparation for strengthening the naval arm of the service. The existence of the "Naval Militia," first organized in 1893, placed Illinois in an exceptionally favorable position for making a prompt response to the call of the Government, as well as furnishing a superior class of men for service — a fact evidenced during the operations in the West Indies. Gen. John McNulta, as head of the local committee, was active in calling the attention of the Navy Department to the value of the service to be rendered by this organization, which resulted in its being enlisted practically as a body, taking the name of "Naval Reserves" — all but eighty-eight of the number passing the physical examination, the places of these beirg promptly filled by new recruits. The first de-

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tachment of over 200 left Chicago May 2, under the command of Lieut. -Com. John 51. Hawley, followed soou after by the remainder of the First Battalion, making the whole number from Chi- cago 400, witli 267, constituting the Second Bat- talion, from other towns of the State. The latter was made up of l-i7 men from Moline, 58 from Quincy, and 62 from Alton — making a total from the State of 667. This does not include others, not belonging to this organization, who enlisted for service in the navy during the war, which raised the whole number for the State over 1,000. The Reserves enlisted from Illinois occupied a different relation to the Government from that of the "naval militia" of otlier States, which retained their State organizations, while those from Illinois were regularly mustered into the United States service. The recruits from Illinois were embarked at Key West, Norfolk and New York, and distributed among fifty-two different vessels, including nearly every vessel belonging to the North Atlantic Squadron. They saw serv- ice in nearly every department from the position of stokers in the hold to that of gunners in the turrets of the big battleships, the largest number (60) being assigned to the famous battleship Ore- gon, while the cruiser Yale followed with 47 ; the Harvard with 35; Cincinnati, 27; Yankton, 19; Franklin, 18 ; Montgomery and Indiana, each, 17 ; Hector, 14; Marietta, 11; Wilmington and Lan- caster, 10 each, and others down to one each. Illinois sailors thus had the privilege of partici- pating in the brilliant affair of July 3, which resulted in the destruction of Cervera's fleet off Santiago, as also in nearly every other event in the West Indies of less importance, without the loss of a man wliile in the service, although among the most exposed. They were mustered out at different times, as they could be spared from the service, or the vessels to which they were attached went out of commisSjion, a portion serving out their full term of one year. The Reserves from Chicago retain their organization under the name of "Naval Re.serve Veterans," with headquarters in the Masonic Temple Build- ing, Chicago.

WARD, James H., ex-Congressman, was born in Chicago, Nov. 30, 1853, and educated in the Chicago public schools and at the University of Notre Dame, graduating from the latter in 1873. Three years later he graduated from the Union College of Law, Chicago, and was admitted to the bar. Since then he has continued to practice his profession in his native city. In 1879 he was elected Supervisor of the town of West Chicago,

and, in 1SS4, was a candidate for Presidential Elector on the Democratic ticket, and the same year, was the successful candidate of his party for Congress in the Third Illinois District, serv- ing one term.

IVIXNEBAGO INDIANS, a tribe of the Da- cota, or Sioux, stock, which at one time occupied a part of Northern IlUnois. The word Winne- bago is a corruption of the French Ouinebe- goutz, Ouimbegouc, etc., the diphthong "ou" taking the place of the consonant "w," which is wanting in the French alphabet. These were, in turn, French misspellings of an Algonquin term meaning "fetid," which the latter tribe applied to the Winnebagoes because they had come from the western ocean — the salt (or "fetid") water. In their advance towards the East the Winnebagoes early invaded the country of the Illinois, but were finally driven north- ward by the latter, who surpassed them in num- bers rather than in bravery. The invaders settled in Wisconsin, near the Fox River, and here they were first visited by the Jesuit Fathers in the seventeenth century. (See Jesuit Rela- tions.) The Winnebagoes are commonly re- garded as a Wisconsin tribe; yet, that they claimed territorial rights in Illinois is shown by the fact that the treaty of Prairie du Chien (August 1, 1829), alludes to a Winnebago village located in what is now Jo Daviess County, near the mouth of the Pecatonica River. While, as a rule, the tribe, if left to itself, was disposed to live in amity with the whites, it was carried away by the eloquence and diplomacy of Tecumseh and the cajoleries of "The Prophet. " General Harrison especially alludes to the brav- ery of the Winnebago warriors at Tippecanoe' which he attributees in part, however, to a super- stitious faith in "The Prophet." In June or July, 1827, an uni^rovoked and brutal outrage by the whites upon an unoffending and practically defenseless party of Winnebagoes, near Prairie du Chien brought on what is known as the 'Winnebago War." (See 'iVinnehago ^^'ar.) The tribe took no part in the Black Hawk War, largely because of the great influence and shrewd tactic of their cliief, Naw-oaw. By treaties executed in 1832 and 1837 the Winnebagoes ceded to tlie United States all their lands b'ing east of the Mississippi. They were finally removed west of that river, and, after many shiftings of loca- tion, were placed upon the Omaha Reservation in Eastern Nebraska, where their industry, thrift and peaceable disposition elicited high praise from Government officials.

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WARNER, Vespasian, lawyer and Member of Congress, was born in De Witt County, 111. , April 23, 1843, and has lived all his life in his native county — his present residence being Clinton. After a short course in Lombard University, while studying law in the office of Hon. Law- rence Weldon, at Clinton, he enlisted as a private soldier of the Twentieth Illinois Volunteers, in June, 1861, serving until July, 186G, when he was mustered out with the rank of Captain and brevet Major. He received a gunshot wound at Shiloh, but continued to serve in the Army of the Tennessee until the evacuation of Atlanta, when he was ordered North on account of dis- ability. His last service was in fighting Indians on the plains. After the war he completed his law studies at Harvard University, graduating in 1868, when he entered into a law partnership with Clifton H. Moore gf Clinton. He served as Judge- Advocate Genertil of the Illinois National Guard for several years, with the rank of Colonel, under the administrations of Governors Hamil- ton, Oglesby and Fifer, and, in 1894, was nomi- nated and elected, as a Republican, to the Fifty-fourth Congress for tlie Thirteenth District, being re-elected in 1896, and again in 1898. In the Fifty-fifth Congress, Mr. Warner was a mem- ber of the Committees on Agriculture and Invalid Pensions, and Chairman of the Committee on Revision of the La'vs.

WARREN, a village in Jo Daviess County, at intersection of the Illinois Central and the Chi- cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railways, 26 miles west-northwest of Freeport and 27 miles east by north of Galena. The surrounding region is agricultural and stock-raising; there are also lead mines in the vicinity. Tobacco is grown to some extent. Warren has a flouring mill, tin factory, creamery and stone quarries, a State bank, water supply from artesian wells, fire department, gas plant, two weekly newspapers, five churches, a high school, an academy and a public library. Pop. (1890), 1,172; (1900), 1,337.

WARREN, Calvin A., lawyer, was born in Essex County, N. Y., June 3, 1807; in his youth, worked for a time, as a typographer, in the office of "The Northern Spectator," at Poultney, Vt., side by side with Horace Greeley, afterwards the founder of "The New York Tribune." Later, he became one of the publishers of "The Palladium" at Ballston, N. Y., but, in 1833, removed to Hamilton County, Ohio, where he began the study of law, completing his course at Transyl- vania University, Ky,, in 1834, and beginning practice at. Batavia, Ohio, as the partner of

Thomas Morris, then a United States Senator from Ohio, whose daughter he married, thereby becoming the brother-in-law of tlie late Isaac N. Morris, of Quincy, 111. In 1836, Mr. Warren came to Quincy, Adams County, 111., but soon after removed to Warsaw in Hancock County, where he resided until 1839, when he returned to Quincy. Here he continued in practice, either alone or as a partner, at different times, of sev- eral of the leading attorneys of that city. Although he lield no office except that of Master in Chancery, which he occujiied for some sixteen years, the possession of an inexhaustible fund of humor, with strong practical sense and decided ability as a speaker, gave him great popularity at the bar and upon the stump, and made him a recognized leader in the ranks of the Democratic party, of which he was a life-long member. He served as Presidential Elector on the Pierce ticket in 1852, and was the nominee of his party for tlie same position on one or two other occa- sions. Died, at Quincy, Feb. 33, 1881.

WARREN, Hooper, pioneer journalist, was born at Walpole, N. H., in 1790; learned thei^rint- er's trade on the Rutland (Vt.) "Herald"; in 1814 went to Delaware, whence, three years later, he emigrated to Kentucky, working for a time on a paper at Frankfort. In 1818 lie came to St. Louis and worked in the office of the old "Mis- souri Gazette" (the predecessor of "Tlie Repub- lican"), and also acted as the agent of a lumber company at Cairo, 111., when the whole popula- tion of that place consisted of one family domi- ciled on a grounded flat-boat. In March, 1819, he established, at Edwardsville, the third paper in Illinois, its predecessors being "The Illinois Intelligencer," at Kaskaskia, and "The Illinois Emigrant," at Shawneetown. The name given to the new paper was "The Spectator," and the contest over the effort to introduce a pro-slavery clause in the State Constitution soon brought it into prominence. Backed by Governor Coles, Congressman Daniel P. Cook, Judge S. D. Lock- wood, Rev. Thomas Lippincott, Judge Wm. H. Brown (afterwards of Chicago), George Churchill and other opponents of slavery, "The Spectator" made a sturdy fight in opposition to the scheme, which ended in defeat of the measure by the rejection at the polls, in 1824, of the proposition for a Constitutional Convention. Warren left the Edwardsville paper in 1825, and was, for a time, associated with "The National Crisis," an anti-slavery paper at Cincinnati, but soon re- turned to Illinois and established "The Sangamon Spectator" — the first paper ever published at the

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present State capital. This he sold out in 1829, and, for the next three j-ears, was connected with "The Advertiser and Upper Mississippi Her- ald," at Galena. Abandoning this field in 1832, he removed to Hennepin, where, within the next five years, he held the offices of Clerk of the Cir- cuit and County Commissioners' Courts and ex- officio Recorder of Deeds. In 1836 he began the publication of the third paper in Chicago — "The Commercial Advertiser" (a weekly) — which was continued a little more than a year, when it was abandoned, and he settled on a farm at Henry, Marshall County. His further newspaper ven- tures were, as the associate of Zebina Eastman, in the publication of "The Genius of Liberty," at Lowell, La Salle Countj', and "The Western Citizen" — afterwards "The Free West" — in Chi- cago. (See Eastman, Zebina, and Lundy, Ben- jamin.) On the discontinuance of "The Free West" in 1856, he again retired to his farm at Senry, where he spent the remainder of his days. While returning home from a visit to Chicago, in August, 1864, he was taken ill at Mendota, dying there on the 22d of the month.

WARREN, John Esaias, diplomatist and real- estate operator, was born in Troy, N. Y., in 1826, graduated at Union College and was connected with the American Legation to Spain during the administration of President Pierce; in 1809-60 was a member of the Minnesota Legislature and, in 1861-62, Mayor of St. Paul; in 1867, came to Chicago, where, while engaged in real-estate business, he became known to the press as the author of a series of articles entitled "Topics of the Time." In 1886 he took up his residence in Brussels, Belgium, where he died, July 6, 1896. Mr. Warren was author of several volumes of travel, of whicli "An Attache in Spain" and "Para" are most important.

WARREN COUNTY. A western county, created by act of the Legislature, in 1825, but not fully organized until 1830, having at that time about 3.50 inhabitants; has an area of 540 square miles, and was named for Gen. Joseph AVarren. It is drained by the Henderson River and its affluents, and is traversed by the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy (two divisions), the Iowa Central and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroads. Bituminous coal is mined and lime- stone is quarried in large quantities. The county's early development was retarded in consequence of having become the "seat of war," during the Black Hawk War. The principal products are grain and live-stock, although manufacturing is carried on to some extent. The county -seat and

chief city is Monmouth (which see). Roseville is a shipping point. Population (1880), 22,933. (1890), 21,281; (1900), 23,163; (1910), 23,313.

WARREN, a village of Jo DaWess County on the III. Cent, and the Chi., Mil. & St. Paul Rys.; lead is extensively mined in vicinity; has a large creamery and some factories. Pop. (1910), 1,331.

WARSAW, a principal town la Hancock County, and admirably situated for trade. It stands on a bluff on the Mississippi River, some three miles below Keokuk, and about 40 miles above Quincy. It is the western terminus of the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway, and lies 116 miles west-southwest of Peoria. Old Fort Edwards, established by Gen. Zachary Taylor, during the War of 1812, was located within the limits of the present city of Warsaw, opposite the mouth of the Des Moines River. An iron foundry, a large woolen mill, a plow factory and cooperage works are its principal manufac- turing establishments. The channel of the Missis- sippi admits of the passage of the largest steamers up to this point. Warsaw has several churches, a system of common schools comprising one high and three grammar schools, a national bank and one weekly newspaper. Population (1880), 3,105; (1890), 2,721; (1900), 2,335; (1910), 2,254.

WASHBURN, a \allage of Woodford County, on a branch of the Chicago & Alton Railway 25 miles northeast of Peoria; has banks and a weekly paper; the district is agricultural. Population 1,1890), 598; (1900), 703; (1910), 777.

WASHBURNE, Elihu Benjamin, Congressman and diplomatist, was born at Livermore, Maine, Sept. 23, 1816; in early life learned the trade of a printer, but graduated from Harvard Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1840. Coming west, he settled at Galena, forming a partnership with Charles S. Hempstead, for the practice of law, in 1841. He was a stalwart Whig, and, as such, was elected to Congress in 1802. He con- tinued to represent his District until 1869, taking a prominent position, as a Republican, on the organization of that party. On account of his long service he was known as the "Father of the House," administering the Speaker's oath three times to Schuyler Colfax and once to James G. Blaine. He was appointed Secretary of State by General Grant in 1869, but surrendered his port- folio to become Envoy to France, in which ca- pacity he achieved great distinction. He was the only official representative of a foreign govern- ment who remained in Paris, during the siege of that city b}' the Germans (1870-71) and the reign of the "Commune." For his conduct he was

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honored by the Governments of France and Ger- many aUke. On his return to the United States, he made his home in Chicago, where he devoted his latter years chiefly to literary labor, and where he died, Oct. 22, 1887. He was strongly favored as a candidate for the Presidency in 1880.

WASHINGTON, a city in Tazewell County, situated at the intersection of the Chicago & Alton, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, and the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroads. It is 31 miles west of El Paso, and 12 miles east of Peoria. Carriages, plows and farming implements con- stitute the manufactured output. It is also an important shipping-point for farm products. It has electric light and water-works plants, eight churches, a graded school, two banks and two weekly papers. Pop. (1900), 1,459; (1910), 1,530.

WASHINGTON COUNTY, an interior county of Southern Illinois, east of St. Louis; is drained by the Kaskaskia River and the Elkhorn, Beaucoup and Muddy Creeks; was organized in 1818, and has an area of 557 square miles. The surface is diversified, well watered and timbered. The soil is of variable fertility. Corn, wheat and oats are the chief agricultural products. Manufactur- ing is carried on to some extent, among the products being agricultural implements, flour, carriages and wagons. The most important town is Nash- ville, which is also the county-seat. Popula- tion (1900), 19,526; (1910), 18,759. Washing- ton was one of the fifteen counties into which Illinois was divided at the organization of the State Government, being one of the last three created during the Territorial period — the other two being Franklin and Union.

WATERTOWN, a village in Rock Island County, on the Mississippi, 5 miles east of Moline. The Illinois Western Hospital for the Insane, located here on an elevation a quarter of a mile from the river, is reached by a switch from the C, B. & Q. Ry. Pop. of the village (1910), 525.

WEST CHICAGO, in Du Page County, on the C, B. & Q. and C. & N. W. Rys., 30 miles west of Chicago; has railroad repair shops, various manu- factures and two weekly papers. Pop. (1910), 2,378.

WATERLOO, the county-seat and chief town of Monroe County, on the Illinois Division of the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, 34 miles east of south from St. Louis. The region is chiefly agricultural, but underlaid with coal. Its industries embrace two flour mills, a plow factory, distillery, cream- ery, two ice plants, and some minor concerns. The city has municipal water and electric light plants, four churches, a graded school and two newspapers. Pop. (1900), 2,114; (1910), 2,091.

WATERMAN, Arba Nelson, lawyer and jurist, was born at Greensboro, Orleans County, Vt., Feb. 3, 1836. After receiving an academic edu- cation and teaching for a time, he read law at Mon'tpelier and, later, passed through the Albany Law School. In 1861 he was admitted to the bar, removed to Joliet, 111., and opened an oflSce. In 1863 he enlisted as a private in the One Hun- dredth Illinois Volunteers, serving with the Army of the Cumberland for two years, and being mustered out in August, 1864, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. On leaving the army. Colonel Waterman commenced practice in Chicago. In 1873-74 he represented the Eleventh W^ard in the City Council. In 1887 he was elected to the bench of the Cook County Circuit Court, and was re-elected in 1891 and, again, in 1897. In 1890 he was assigned as one of the Judges of the Appellate Court.

WATSEKA, the county-seat of Iroquois County, situated on the Iroquois River, at the mouth of Sugar Creek, and at the intersection of the Chi- cago & Eastern Illinois and the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroads, 77 miles south of Chicago, 46 miles north of Danville and 14 miles east of Gilman. It has flour-mills, brick and tile works and foundries, besides several churches, banks, a graded school and two weekly newspapers. Artesian well water is obtained by boring to the depth of 100 to 160 feet, and some 200 flowing streams from these shafts are within the city limits. Pop. (1890), 2,017; (1900), 2,505; (1910), 2,476.

WATTS, Amos, jurist, was born in St. Clair County, 111., Oct. 25, 1821, but removed to Wash- ington County in boyhood, and was elected County Clerk in 1847, '49 and '53, and State's Attorney for the Second Judicial District in 1856 and '60; then became editor and proprietor of a news- paper, later resuming the practice of law, and, in 1873, was elected Circuit Judge, remaining in ofRce until his death, at Nashville, 111. Dec. 6, 1888.

WAUKEGAN, the county-seat and principal city of Lake County, situated on the shore of Lake Michigan and on the Chicago & North- western Railroad, about 36 miles north by west from Chicago, and .50 miles south of Milwaukee; is also the northern terminus of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railroad and connected by electric lines with Chicago and Fox Lake. Lake Michigan is about 80 miles wide opposite this point. Waukegan was first known as "Little Fort," from the remains of an old fort tliat stood on its site. The principal part of the city is built on a bluff, which rises abruptly to the height of about

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fifty feet. Between the bluff anJ the shore is a flat tract about 400 yards wide wliich is occupied by gardens, dwellings, warehouses and manu- factories. Tlie manufactures include steel-wire, refined sugar, scales, agricultural implements, brass and iron products, sash, doors and blinds, leather, beer, etc. ; the city has paved streets, gas and electric light plants, three banks, eight or ten churches, graded and high schools and two daily and one weekly newspaper. A large trade in grain, lumlier, coal and dairy products is carried on. Pop. (1900), 9,426; (1910), 16,069.

WAUKEGAIV & SOUTHWESTERN RAIL- WAY. (See Elgin, Juliet d- Ea.stcni Railway.)

WAA'ERLY, a city in Morgan Count}", 18 miles southeast of Jacksonville, on the Jacksonville & St. Louis and tlie Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Raih'oads. It was originally settled by enter- prising emigrants from New England, whose descendants constitute a large proportion of the population. It is the center of a rich agricultural region, has a fine graded school, six or seven churches, two banks, one weekly newspaper; also brick and tile works, flour mills and elevators. Pop. (1S90), 1,3.37; (1900), 1,573; (1910), 1,538.

WAYNE, (Gen.) Anthony, soldier, was born in Chester County, Pa., Jan. 1, 1745, of Anglo-Irish descent, graduated as a Surveyor, and first prac- ticed his profession in Nova Scotia. During the years immediately antecedent to the Revolution he was prominent in the colonial councils of his native State, to which he had returned in 1767, where he became a member of the "Committee of Safety." On June 3, 1776, he was commissioned Colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Pennsylvania troops in the Continental army, and, during the War of the Revolution, was conspicuous for his courage and ability as a leader. One of his most daring and successful achievements was the cap- ture of Stony Point, in 1779, when — the works having been carried and Wayne having received, what was supposed to be. his death- wound— he entered the fort, supported by his aids. For this service he was awarded a gold medal by Con- gress. He also took a conspicuous part in the investiture and capture of Yorktown In October, 1783, he was brevetted Major-General. In 1784 he was elected to the Pennsylvania Legislature. A few years later lie settled in Georgia, Avhich State he represented in Congress for seven montlis, when his seat was declared vacant after contest. In April, 1792, he was confirmed as General-in-Chief of the United States Army, on nomination of President Washington. His con- nection with Illinois history began shortly after

St. Clair's defeat, when he led a force into Ohio (1783) and erected a stockade at Greenville, which he named Fort Recovery ; his object being to subdue the hostile savage tribes. In this he was eminently successful and, on August 3, 1793, after a victorious campaign, negotiated the Treaty of Greenville, as broad in its provisions as it was far-reaching in its influence. He was a daring fighter, and although Washington called him "prudent," his dauntlessness earned for him the sobriquet of "Mad Anthony." In matters of dress he was punctilious, and, on this account, he was sometimes dubbed "Dandy Wayne." He was one of the few white officers whom all the Western Indian tribes at once feared and re- spected. They named him "Black Snake" and "Tornado." He died at Presque Isle near Erie, Dec. 15, 1796. Thirteen years afterward his remains were removed by one of his sons, and interred in Badnor churchyard, in his native county. The Pennsylvania Historical Society erected a marble monument over his grave, and appropriately dedicated it on July 4 of the same year.

WAYNE COUNTY, in the southeast quarter of the State ; has an area of 720 square miles ; was organized in 1819, and named for Gen. Anthony Wayne. The county is watered and drained bj' the Little Wabash and its branches, notably the Skillet Fork. At the first election held in the county, only fifteen votes were cast. Early life was exceedingly primitive, the first settlers pounding corn into meal with a wooden pestle, a hollowed stump being used as a mortar. The first mill erected (of the antique South Carolina pattern) charged 25 cents per bushel for grinding. Prairie and woodland make up the surface, and the soil is fertile. Railroad facilities are furnished by the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis and the Baltimore & Ohio (Southwestern) Railroads. Corn, oats, tobacco, wheat, hay and wool are the chief agricultural products. Saw mills are numer- ous and there are also carriage and wagon facto- ries. Fairfield is the county-seat. Population (1890), 23,806; (1900), 27,620; (1910), 25,697.

WEAS, THE, a branch of the Miami tribe of Indians. They called tliemselves "We-wee- halis," and were spoken of by the French as "Oui- at-anons" and "Oui-as." Other corruptions of tlie name were common among tlie British and American coloni.sts. In 1718 thev had a village at Chicago, but abandoned it through fear of their hostile neighbors, the Chippewas and Potta- watomies. The Weas were, at one time, brave and warlike: but their numbers were reduced by

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constant warfare and disease, and, in the end, debauchery enervated and demoralized them. They were removed west of the Mississippi and given a reservation in Miami County, Kan. This ihey ultimately sold, and, under the leadership of Baptiste Peoria, united with their few remain- ing brethren of the Miamis and with the remnant of the Ill-i-ni under the title of the "confederated tribes," and settled in Indian Territory. (See also Miamis; Piankeshaws.)

WEBB, Edwin B., early lawyer and politician, was born about 1802, came to the vicinity of Carmi, White County, III, about 1838 to 1830, and, still later, studied law at Transylvania Uni- versity. He held the office of Prosecuting Attorney of White County, and, in 1834, was elected to the lower branch of the General Assembly, serving, by successive re-elections, until 1843, and, in the Senate, from 1843 to "46. During his service in the House he was a col- league and political and personal friend of Abraham Lincoln. He opposed the internal improvement scheme of 1837, predicting many of the disasters which were actually realized a few years later. He was a candidate for Presi- dential Elector on the Whig ticket, in 1844 and '48, and, in 1852, received the nomination for Governor as the opponent of Joel A. Matteson, two years later, being an unsuccessful candidate for Justice of the Supreme Court in opposition to Judge W. B. Scales. While practicing law at Carmi, he was also a partner of his brother in the mercantile business. Died, Oct. 14, 1858, in the 56th year of his age.

WEBB, Henry Living'Ston, soldier and pioneer (an elder brother of James Watson Webb, a noted New York journalist), was born at Claverack, N. Y., Feb. 6, 1795; served as a soldier in the War of 1812, came to Southern Illinois in 1817, and became one of the founders of the town of America near the mouth of the Ohio ; was Repre- sentative in the Fourth and Eleventh General Assemblies, a Major in the Black Hawk War and Captain of volunteers and, afterwards. Colonel of regulars, in the Mexican War. In 1860 he went to Texas and served, for a time, in a semi-mili- tary capacity under the Confederate Govern- ment; returned to Illinois in 1869, and died, at Makanda. Oct. 5, 1876.

WEBSTER, Fletcher, lawyer and soldier, was born at Portsmouth, N. H., July 23, 1813; gradu- ated at Harvard in 1833, and studied law with his father (Daniel Webster) ; in 1837, located at Peru, 111., where he practiced three years. His father having been appointed Secretary of State

in 1841, the son became his private secretary, was also Secretary of Legation to Caleb Gushing (Minister to China) in 1843, a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1847, and Surveyor of the Port of Boston, 1850-01 ; the latter year became Colonel of the Twelfth Massachusetts Volunteers, and was killed in the second battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1862.

WEBSTER, Joseph Dana, civil engineer and soldier, was born at Old Hampton, N. H., August 35, 1811. He graduated from Dart- mouth College in 1833, and afterwards read law at Newburyport, Mass. His natural incli- nation was for engineering, and, after serv- ing for a time in the Engineer and War offices, at Washington, was made a United .States civil engineer (1835) and, on July 7, 1838, entered the arm}' as Second Lieutenant of Topographical Engineers. He served through the Mexican W^ar, was made First Lieutenant in 1849, and promoted to a captaincy, in March, 1853. Thir- teen months later he resigned, removing to Chi- cago, where he made his permanent home, and soon after was identified, for a time, with the proprietorship of "The Chicago Tribune." He was President of the commission that perfected the Chicago sewerage system, and designed and executed the raising of the grade of a large por- tion of the city from two to eight feet, whole blocks of buildings being raided by jack screws, while new foundations were inserted. At the outbreak of the Civil War he tendered his serv- ices to the Government and superintended the erection of the fortifications at Cairo, 111., and Paducah, Ky. On April 7, 1861, he was com- missioned Paymaster of Volunteers, with the rank of Major, and, in February, 1802, Colonel of the First Illinois Artillery. For several months he was chief of General Granfs staff, participat- ing in the capture of Forts Donelson and Henrj-, and in the battle of Shiloh, in the latter as Chief of Artillery. In October, 1863; the War Depart- ment detailed him to make a survey of the Illi nois & Michigan Canal, and, the following month, he was commissioned Brigadier-General of Volunteers, serving as Military Governor of Mem- phis and Superintendent of military railroads. He was again chief of staff to General Grant during the Vicksburg campaign, and, from 1864 until the close of the war, occupied the same relation to General Sherman. He was brevetted Major-General of Volunteers, March 13, 1805, but, resigning Nov. 6, following, returned to Chicago, where he spent the remainder of his life. From 1869 to 1872 he was Assessor of Internal Revenue

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there, and, later. Assistant United States Treas- Tirer, and, in July, 1872, was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue. Died, at Chicago, March 12, 1876.

WELCH, William R., lawyer and jurist, was born in Jessamine County, Ky., Jan. 22, 1828, educated at Transylvania University, Lexington, graduating from the academic department in 1847, and, from the law school, in 1851. In 1864 he removed to CarUnville, Macoupin County, 111., which place he made his permanent home. In 1877 he was elected to the bench of the Fifth Circuit, and re-elected in 1879 and '85. In 1884 he was assigned to the bench of the Appellate Court for the Second District. Died, Sept. 1, 1888.

WELBON, Lawrence, one of the Judges of the United States Court of Claims, Washington, D. C, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1829 ; while a child, removed with his parents to Madison County, and was educated in the com- mon schools, the local academy and at Wittenberg College, Springfield, in the same State ; read law with Hon. R. A. Harrison, a prominent member of the Ohio bar, and was admitted to practice in 1854, meanwhile, in 1852-53, having served as a clerk in the office of the Secretary of State at Columbus. In 1854 he removed to Illinois, locat- ing at Clinton, DeWitt County, where he engaged in practice ; in 1860 was elected a Representative in the Twenty-second General Assembly, was also chosen a Presidential Elector the same year, and assisted in the first election of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency. Early in 1861 he resigned his seat in the Legislature to accept the position of United States District Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois, tendered him by President Lincoln, but resigned the latter office in 1866 and, the following j-ear, removed to Bloomington, where he continued the practice of his profession until 1883, when he was appointed, by President Arthur, an Associate Justice of the United States Court of Claims at Washington — a position which he occupied until his death. Judge ^^'cldon was among the last of those who rode the circuit and practiced law with Mr. Lin- coln. From the time of coming to the State in 1854 to 1860, he was one of Mr. Lincoln's most intimate traveling companions in the old Eighth Circuit, wliich extended from Sangamon County on the west to Vermilion on the east, and of which Judge David Davis, afterwards of the Supreme Court of the United States and United States Senator, was the presiding Justice. The Judge held in his memory manj' pleasant remi-

niscences of that day, especially of the eastern portion of the District, where he was accustomed to meet the late Senator Voorhees, Senator Mc- Donald and other leading lawyers of Indiana, as well as the historic men whom he met at the State capital. Died April 10, 1905.

WELLS, Albert W., lawyer and legislator, was born at Woodstock, Conn., May 9, 1839, and enjoyed only such educational and other advan- tages as belonged to the average New England boy of that period. During his boyhood his family removed to New Jersey, where he attended an academy, later, graduating from Columbia College and Law School in New York City, and began practice with State Senator Robert Allen at Red Bank, N. J. During the Civil War he enUsted in a New Jersey regiment and took part in the battle of Gettysburg, resuming his profes- sion at the close of the war. Coming west in 1870, he settled in Quincy, 111., where he con- tinued practice. In 1886 he was elected to the House of Representatives from Adams County, as a Democrat, and re-elected two years later. In 1890 he was advanced to the Senate, where, by reelection in 1894, he served continuously until his death in oflice, March 5, 1897. His abilities and long service — covering the sessions of the Thirty-fifth to the Fortieth General Assem- blies— placed him at the head of the Democratic side of the Senate during the latter part of his legislative career.

WELLS, William, soldier and victim of the Fort Dearborn massacre, was born in Kentucky, about 1770. When a boy of 12, he was captured by the Miami Indians, whose chief. Little Turtle, adopted him, giving him his daughter in mar- riage when he grew to manhood. He was highly esteemed by the tribe as a warrior, and, in 1790, was present at the battle where Gen. Arthur St. Clair was defeated. He then realized that he was fighting against his own race, and informed his father-in-law that he intended to ally himself with the whites. Leaving the Miamis, he made his way to General Wa3-ne, who made him Cap- tain of a company of scouts. After the treaty of Greenville (1795) he settled on a farm near Fort Wayne, where he was joined by his Indian wife. Here he acted as Indian Agent and Justice of the Peace. In 1812 he learned of the contemplated evacuation of Fort Dearborn, and, at the head of thirty Jliamis, he set out for the post, his inten- tion being to furnish a body-guard to the non- combatants on their proposed march to Fort Wayne. On August 13, he marched out of the fort with fifteen of his dusky warriors behind

HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

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him, the remainder bringing up the rear. Before a mile and a half had been traveled, the party fell into an Indian ambuscade, and an indiscrimi- nate massacre followed. (See Fort Dearborn.) The Miamis fled, and Captain Wells' body was riddled with bullets, his head cut off and his heart taken out. He was an uncle of Mrs. Heald, wife of the commander of Fort Dearborn.

WELLS, William Harvey, educator, was born in Tolland, Conn., Feb. 37, 1813; lived on a farm until 17 years old, attending school irregularly, but made such progress that he became succes- sively a teacher in the Teachers' Seminary at Andover and Newburyport, and, finally. Principal of the State Normal School at "Westfield, Mass. In 1856 he accepted the position of Superintend- ent of Public Schools for the city of Chicago, serving till 1864, when he resigned. He was an organizer of the Massachusetts State Teachers' Association, one of the first editors of "The Massachusetts Teacher'' and prominently con- nected with various benevolent, educational and learned societies ; was also author of several text- books, and assisted in the revision of "Webster's Unabridged Dictionary." Died, Jan. 21, 1885.

WENONA, city on the eastern border of Mar- shall County, 20 miles south of La Salle, has zinc works, public and parochial schools, a weekly paper, two banks, and five churches. A good quality of soft coal is mined here. Popu- lation (1890), 1,053; (1900), 1,-1S6; (1910), 1,442.

WENTWORTH, John, early journaUst and Congressman, was born at Sandwich, N. H., March 5, 1815, graduated from Dartmouth Col- lege in 1836, and came to Chicago the same year, where he became editor of "The Chicago Demo- crat," which had been established by John Cal- houn three years previous. He soon after became proprietor of "The Democrat," of which he con- tinued to be the publisher until it was merged into "The Chicago Tribune," July 24, 1804. He also studied law, and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. He served in Congress as a Demo- crat from 1843 to 1851, and again from 1853 to 1855, but left the Democratic party on the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. He was elected Mayor of Chicago in 1857, and again in 1860, during his incumbency introducing a number of important municipal reforms; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1862, and twice served on the Board of Education. He again represented Illinois in Congress as a Republican from 1865 to 1867 — making fourteen years of service in that body. In 1872 he joined in the Greeley movement, but later renewed his alle-

giance to the Republican party. Inl87i >lr. Went- worth published an elaborate genealogical work in three volumes, entitled "History of the Went- worth Family." A volume of "Congressional Reminiscences" and two by him on "Early Chi- cago," ijublished in connection with the Fergus Historical Series, contain some valuable informa- tion on early local and national history. On account of his extraordinary height he received the sobriquet of "Long John," by which he was familiarly known throughout the State. Died, in Chicago, Oct. 16, 1888.

WEST, Edward M., merchant and banker, was born in Virginia, May 2, 1814; came with his father to Illinois in 1818; in 1829 became a clerk in the Recorder's office at EdwardsviUe, also served as deputy postmaster, and, in 1833, took a position in the United States Land Office there. Two years later he engaged in mercantile busi- ness, which he prosecuted over thirty years — meanwhile filling the office of County Treasurer, ex-officio Superintendent of Schools, and Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1847. In 1867, in conjunction with W. R. Prickett, he established a bank at EdwardsviUe, with which he was con- nected until his death, Oct. 31, 1887. Mr. West officiated frequently as a "local preacher" of the Methodist Church, in which capacity he showed much ability as a public speaker.

WEST, Mary Allen, educator and philanthro- pist, was born at Galesburg, 111., July 31, 1837; graduated at Knox Seminary in 1854 and taught until 1873, when she was elected County Super- intendent of Schools, serving nine years. She took an active and influential interest in educa- tional and reformatory movements, was for two years editor of "Our Home Monthly, " in Phila- delphia, and also a contributor to other journals, besides being editor-in-chief of "The Union Sig- nal," Chicago, the organ of the Woman's Chris- tian Temperance LTnion — in which she held the position of President ; was also President, in the latter days of her life, of the Illinois Woman's Press Association of Chicago, that city having become her home in 1885. In 1892, Miss West started on a tour of the world for the benefit of her health, but died at Tokio, Japan, Dec. 1, 1892.

WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, an institution for the treatment of the insane, located at Watertown, Rock Island County, in accordance with an act of the General Assembly, approved. May 22, 1895. The Thirty-ninth Gen- eral Assembly made an appropriation of 8100,000 for the erection of fire-proof buildings, while Rock Island County donated a tract of 400 acres

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of land valued at S40, 000. The site selected by the Commissioners, is a commanding one overlooking the Mississippi River, eight miles above Rock Island, and five and a half miles from Moline, and the buildings are of the most modern style of con- struction. Watertown is reached by two lines of railroad — the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy — besides the Mississippi River. The erection of buildings was begun in 1896, and they were opened for the reception of patients in 1898. They have a ca- pacity for 800 patients.

WESTERN MILITARY ACADEMY, an insti tution located at Upper Alton, Madison County, incorporated in 1892 ; has a faculty of eight mem- bers and reports eighty pupils for 1897-98, with property valued at S~0,000. The institution gives instruction in literary and scientific branches, besides preparatory and business courses.

WESTERN NORMAL COLLEGE, located at Bushnell, McDonough County; incorporated in 1888. It is co-educational, has a corps of twelve instructors and reported 500 pupils for 1897-98, 300 males and 200 females.

WESTERN SPRINGS, a village of Cook County, and residence suburb of the city of Chi- cago, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- road, 15 miles west of the Initial station. Pop. (1900), 662; (1910), 905.

WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, located in Chicago and controlled by the Protes- tant Episcopal Church. It was founded in 1883 through the munificence of Dr. Tolman Wheeler, and was opened for students two years later. It has two buildings, of a superior order of archi- tecture— one including the school and lecture rooms and the other a dormitory. A hospital and gymnasium are attached to the latter, and a school for boys is conducted on the first floor of the main building, which is known as Wheeler Hall. The institution is under the general super- vision of Rt. Rev. William E. McLaren, Protes- tant Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Illinois.

WESTFIELD, village of Clark County, on Cin., Ham. & Dayton R. R., 10 m. s.-e. of Charleston; seat of Westfield College; has a bank, five churches and one newspaper. Pop. (1910), 927.

WEST SALEM, a town of Edwards County, on the Peoria-Evansville Div. 111. Cent. R. R., 12 miles northeast of Albion; has a bank and a weekly paper. Pop. (1900), 700; (1910), 725.

WETHERELL, Emma Abbott, vocalist, was born in Chicago, Dej?. 9, 1849; in her childhood attracted attention while singing with her father (a coor musician) in hotels and on the streets in

Chicago, Peoria and elsewhere; at 18 years of age, went to New York to study, earning her way by giving concerts en route, and receiving aid and encouragement from Clara Louisa Kellogg; in New York was patronized by Henry Ward Beeclier and others, and aided in securing the training of European masters. Compelled to sur- mount many obstacles from poverty and other causes, her after success in her profession was phenomenal. Died, during a professional tour, at Salt Lake City, Jan. 5, 1891. Miss Abbott married her manager, Eugene Wetherell, who died before her.

WHEATON, a city and the county-seat of Du Page County, situated on the Chicago & North- western Railway. 25 miles west of Chicago. Agri- culture and stock-raising are the chief industries in the surrounding region. The city owns a new water- v.-orks plant (costing 860,000) and has a public library valued at §75,000, the gift of a resident, Mr. John Quincy Adams; has a court house, electric light plant, sewerage and drainage system, seven churches, three graded schools, two weekly newspapers and a State liank. Wheaton is the seat of Wheaton College (which see). Popu- lation (1880), 1,160; (1890), 1,622; (1900), 2,345; (1910), 3,423.

WHEATON COLLEGE, an educational insti- tution located at Wheaton, Du Page County, and under Congregational control. It was founded in 1853, as the Illinois Institute, and was char- tered under its present name in 1860. Its earlj' existence was one of struggle, but of late years it has been established on a better foundation, in 1898 having §54,000 invested in productive funds, and property aggregating §136 000. The faculty comprises fifteen professors, and, in 1898, there were 321 students in attendance. It is co-edu- cational and instruction is given in business and preparatory studies, as well as the fine arts, music and classical literature.

WHEELER, David Hilton, D.D., LL.D., clergy- man, was born at Ithaca, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1829; graduated at Rock River Seminary, Mount Morris, in 1851; edited "The Carroll County Republican" and held a professorship in Cornell College, Iowa, (1857-61) ; was United States Con- sul at Geneva, Switzerland, (1861-66) ; Professor of English Literature in Northwestern University (1867-75); edited "Tlie Methodist" in New York, seven years, and was President of Allegheny College (1883-87) ; received the de.gree of D.D. from Cornell College in 1867, and that of LL.D. from the Northwestern University in 1881. He is the author of "Brigandage in South Italy"

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

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(two volumes, 1864) and "By-Ways of Literature" (188y), besides some translations.

WHEELER, Hamiltou K., ex-Congressman, was born at Ballston, N. Y., August 5, 1848, but emigrated with his parents to Illinois in 1853; remained on a farm until 19 years of age, his educational advantages being limited to three months' attendance upon a district school each year. In 1871, he was admitted to the bar at Kankakee, where he has since continued to prac- tice. In 1884 he was elected to represent the Six- teenth District in the State Senate, where he served on many important committees, being Chairman of that on the Judicial Department. In 1893 he was elected Representative in Con- gress from the Ninth Illinois District, on the Eepublican ticket.

WESTVILLE, a village of Vermilion County, on the C. & E. I. and "Big Four" Rys., 8 miles north of Danville; a coal mining region. Pop. (1910), 3,607.

WHISTLER, (Jlaj.) John, soldier and builder of the first Fort Dearborn, was born in Ulster, Ire- land, about 1756 ; served under Burgoyne in the Revolution, and was with the force surrendered by that officer at Saratoga, in 1777. After the peace he returned to the United States, settled at Hagerstown, Md., and entered the United States Army, serving at first in the ranks and being severely wounded in the disastrous Indian cam- paigns of 1791. Later, he was promoted to a captaincy and, in the summer of 1803, sent with his company, to the head of Lake Michigan, wliere he constructed the first Fort Dearborn within the limits of the present city of Chicago, remaining in command until 1811, when he was succeeded by Captain Heald. He received the brevet rank of Major, in 1815 was appointed military store- keeper at Xewport, Kj'., and after- wards at Jefferson Barraoks, near St. Louis, where he died, Sept. 3, 1839. Lieut. William Whistler, his son, who was with his father, for a time, in old Fort Dearborn — but transferred, in 1809, to Fort Waj'ne — was of the force included in Hull's surrender at Detroit in 1813. After his exchange he was promoted to a captaincy, to the rank of Major in 1836 and to a Lieutenant-Colo- nelcy in 1845, dying at Newport, Ky., in 1863. James Abbott McNiel Whistler, the celebrated, but eccentric artist of that name, is a grandson of the first Major Whistler.

WHITE, tJeorge E., ex-Congressman, was born in Massachusetts in 1848 : after graduating, at the age of 16, he enlisted as a private in the Fifty- seventh Massachusetts Veteran Volunteers, serv- ing under General Grant in the campaign

against Richmond from the battle of the Wilder- ness until the surrender of Lee. Having taken a course in a commercial college at Worcester, Mass., in 1867 he came to Chicago, securing em- ployment in a lumber yard, but a year later began business on his own account, which he has successfully conducted. In 1878 he was elected to the State Senate, as a Republican, from one of the Chicago Districts, and re-elected four years later, serving in that body eight years. He declined a nomination for Congress in 1884, but accepted in 1894, and was elected for the Fifth District, as he was again in 1896, but was defeated, in 1898, by Edward T. Noonan, Demo- crat.

WHITE, Horace, journalist, was born at Cole- brook, N. H., August 10, 1834; in 1853 graduated at Beloit College, Wis., whither his father had removed in 1837 ; engaged in journalism as city editor of "The Chicago Evening Journal," later becoming agent of the Associated Press, and, in 1857, an editorial writer on "The Chicago Trib- une," during a part of the war acting as its Washington correspondent. He also served, in 1856, as Assistant Secretary of the Kansas National Committee, and, later, as Secretary of the Republican State Central Committee. In 1864 he purchased an interest in "The Tribune," a year or so later becoming editor-in-chief, but retired in October, 1874. After a protracted European tour, he united with Carl Schurz and E. L. Godkin of "The Nation," in the purchase and reorganization of "The New York Evening Post," of which he is now editor-in-chief.

WHITE, Julius, soldier, was born in Cazen- ovia, N. Y., Sept. 39, 1816; removed to Illinois in 1836, residing there and in Wisconsin, where he was a member of the Legislature of 1849 ; in 1861 was made Collector of Customs at Chicago, but resigned to assume the colonelcy of the Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteers, which he commanded on the Fremont expedition to South- west Jlissouri. He afterwards served with Gen- eral Curtiss in Arkansas, participated in the battle of Pea Ridge and was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General. He was subsequently assigned to the Department of the Shenandoah, but finding his position at Marti nsburg, W. Va., untenable, retired to Harper's Ferry, voluntarily serving under Colonel Miles, his inferior in com- mand. When this post was surrendered (Sept. 15, 1862), he was made a prisoner, but released under parole ; was tried by a court of inquiry at his own request, and acquitted, the court finding that he had acted with courage and capability

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HISTOKICAL EXCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

He resigned in 1864, and, in March, 1863, was brevetted Major-General of Volunteers. Died, at Evanston, May 12, 1890.

AVHITE COUNTY, situated in the southeastern quarter of the State, and bounded on the east by the Wabash River; was organized in 1816, being the tenth county organized during the Territorial period: area, 500 square miles. The county is crossed by three railroads and drained by the Wabash and Little Wabash Rivers. The surface consists of prairie and woodland, and the soil is, for the most part, highly productive. The princi- pal agricultural products are corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, tobacco, fruit, butter, sorghum and wool. The principal industrial establishments are carriage factories, saw mills and flour mills. Carmi is the county-seat. Other towns are En- field, Grayville and Norris City. Population (1S90), 25,005; (1900), 25,386; (1910), 23,052.

WHITEHALL, a city in Greene County, at the intersection of the Chicago & Alton and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads, 65 miles north of St. Louis and 34 miles south-southwest of Jacksonville; in rich farming region; has stoneware and sewer-pipe factories, foundry and machine shop, flour mill, elevators, wagon shops, creamery, water system, sanitarium, heating, electric light and power system nurseries and fruit-supply hoiises, and two poultry packing houses; also has five churches, a graded school, two banks and two newspapers — one issuing daily edition. Pop. (1900), 2,030; (1910), 2,8.54.

WHITEHOUSE, Henry John, Protestant Epis- copal Bishop, was born in New York City, August 19, 1803; graduated from Columbia College in 1831, and from the (New York) General Theolog- ical Seminary in 1834. After ordination he was rector of various parishes in Pennsylvania and New York until 1851, when he was chosen Assist- ant Bishop of Illinois, succeeding Bishop Chase in 1853. In 1867, by invitation of the Archbishop of Canterbury, he delivered the opening sermon before the Pan-Anglican Conference held in England. During this visit he received the degree of D.D. from Oxford University, and that of LL.D. from Cambridge. His rigid views as a churchman and a disciplinarian, were illustrated in his prosecution of Rev. Charles Edward Cheney, which resulted in the formation of the Reformed Episcopal Church. He was a brilliant orator and a trenchant and unyielding controver- sialist. Died, in Chicago, August 10, 1874.

WHITESIDE COl'>'TY, in the northwestern portion of the State bordering on the Mississippi River ; created by act of the Legislature passed in

188G, and named for Capt. Samuel Whiteside, a noted Indian fighter; area, 676 square miles. The surface is level, diversified by prairies and wood- land, and the soil is extremely fertile. The county-seat was first fixed at Lyndon, then at Sterling, and finally at Morrison, its present location. The Rock River crosses the county and furnishes abundant water power for numer- ous factories, turning out agricultural imple- ments, carriages and wagons, furniture, woolen goods, flour and wrapping paper. There are also distilling and brewing interests, besides saw and planing mills. Corn is the/ staple agricultural product, although all the leading cereals are extensively grown. The principal towns are Morrison, Sterling, Fulton and Rock Falls. Popu- lation (1890), 30,854; (1900), 34,710; (1910), 34.507. WHITESIDE, William, pioneer and soldier of the Revolution, emigrated from the frontier of North Carolina to Kentucky, and thence, in 1793, to the present limits of Monrce County, 111., erecting a fort between Cahokia and Kaskaskia, which became widely known as "Whiteside Station." He served as a Justice of the Peace, and was active in organizing the militia during the War of 1813-14. dying at the old Station in 1815.— John (Whiteside), a brother of the preced- ing, and also a Revolutionary soldier, came to Illinois at the same time, as also did William B. and Samuel, sons of the two brothere, respec- tively. All of them became famous as Indian figliters. The two latter served as Captains of companies of "Rangers" in the War of 1813, Samuel taking part in the battle of Rock Island in 1814, and contributing greatlj- to the success of the day. During the Black Hawk War (1833) he attained the rank of Brigadier-General. Whiteside County was named in his honor. He made one of the earliest improvements in Ridge Prairie, a rich section of Madison County, and represented that county in the First General Assembly. William B. served as Sheriff of Madi- son County for a number of years. — Jolin D. (Whiteside), another member of this historic family, became very prominent, serving in the lower House of the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Fourteenth General Assemblies, and in the Sen- ate of the Tenth, from Monroe County; was a Presidential Elector in 1836, State Treasurer (1837-41) and a member of the State Constitu- tional Convention of 1847. General Whiteside, as he was known, was the second of James Shields in the famous Shields and Lincoln duel (so-called) in 1843. and, as such, carried the challenge of the former to Mr. Lincoln. (See Duel.'!. )

HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

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WHITING, Lorenzo D., legislator, was born in Wayne County, N, Y., Nov. 17, 1819; came to Illinois in 1838, but did not settle there perma- nently until 1849, when he located in Bureau County. He was a Representative from that county in the Twenty-sixth General Assembly (1869), and a member of the Senate continuously from 1871 to 1887, serving in the latter through eight General Assemblies. Died at his home near Tiskilwa, Bureau County, 111., Oct. 10, 1889.

WHITING, Richard H., Congressman, was born at West Hartford, Conn., June 17, 1826, and received a common school education. In 1862 he was commissioned Paymaster in the Volunteer Army of the Union, and resigned in 1866. Hav- ing removed to Illinois, he was appointed Assist- ant Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Fifth Illinois District, in February, 1870, and so contin- ued until the abolition of the office in 1873. On retiring from the Assessorship he was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue, and served until March 4, 1875, when he resigned to take his seat as Republican Representative in Congress from the Peoria District, to which he had been elected in November, 1874. After the exjjiration of his term he held no public office, but was a member of the Republican National Convention of 1884. Died, at the Continental Hotel, in New York City, May 24, 1888.

WHITNEY, James W., pioneer lawyer and early teacher, known by the nickname of "Lord Coke"; came to Illinois in Territorial daj's (be- lieved to have been about 1800) ; resided for some time at or near Edwardsville, then became a teacher at Atlas, Pike County, and, still later, the first Circuit and County Clerk of that county. Though nominally a lawyer, he had little if any practice. He acquired the title, by which he was popularly known for a quarter of a century, by his custom of visiting the State Capital, diu-ing the sessions of the General Assembly, when he would organize the lobbyists and visit- ors about the capital^of which there were an unusual number in those days — into what was called the "Third House." Having been regu- larly chosen to preside under the name of "Speaker of the Lobby," he would deliver a mes- sage full of practical hits and jokes, aimed at members of the two houses and others, which would be received with cheers and laughter. The meetings of the "Third House," being held in the evening, were attended by many members and visitors in lieu of other forms of entertain- ment. Mr. Whitney's home, in his latter years.

was at Pittsfield. He resided for a time at Quincy. Died, Dec. 13, 1860, aged over 80 years.

WHITTEMORE, Floyd K., State Treasurer, is a native of New York, came at an early age, with his parents, to .Sycamore, 111., where he was edu- cated in the high school there. He i)urposed becoming a lawyer, but, on the election of the late James H. Beveridge State Treasurer, in 1864, accepted the position of clerk in the office. Later, he was employed as a clerk in the banking house of Jacob Bunn in Springfield, and, on the organization of the State National Bank, was chosen cashier of that Institution, retaining the position some twenty years. After the appoint- ment of Hon. John R. Tanner to the position of Assistant Treasurer of the United States, at Chi- cago, in 1892, Mr. Whittemore became cashier in that office, and, in 186.5, Assistant State Treas- rure under the administration of State Treasurer Henry Wulff. In 1898 he was elected State Treasurer, receiving a plurality of 43,450 over his Democratic opponent. Died March 4, 1907.

WICKERSHAM, (Col.) Dudley, soldier and merchant, was born in Woodford County, Ky., Nov. 32, 1819; came to Springfield, 111., in 1843, and served as a member of the Fourth Regiment Illinois Volunteers (Col. E. D. Baker's) through the Mexican War. On the return of peace he engaged in the dry-goods trade in Springfield, until 1861, when he enlisted in the Tenth Regi- ment Illinois Cavalry, serving, first as Lieutenant- Colonel and then as Colonel, until May, 1864, when, his regiment having been consolidated with the Fifteenth Cavalry, he resigned. After the war, he held the office of Assessor of Internal Revenue for several years, after which he en- gaged in the grocery trade. Died, in Springfield, August 8, 1.898.

WIDEN, Raphael, pioneer and early legislator, was a native of Sweden, who, having been taken to France at eight 3'ears of age, was educated for a Catholic priest. Coming to the United States in 1815, he was at Cahokia, 111., in 1818, where, during the same year, he married into a French family of that place. He served in the House of Representatives from Randolph County, in the Second and Third General Assemblies (1820-24), and as Senator in the Fourth and Fifth (1824-28). During his last term in the House, he was one of those who voted against the pro-slavery Con- vention resolution. He died of cholera, at Kas- kaskia, in 1833.

WIKE, Scott, lawyer and ex-Congressman, was born at Meadville, Pa., April 6, 1834; at 4 years of age removed with his parents to Quincy, 111.,

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and, in 1844, to Pike Countj'. Having graduated from Lombard Universit}-, Galesburg, in 18.57, lie began reading law with Judge O. C. Skinner of Quincy. He was admitted to the bar in 1858, but, before commencing practice, spent a year at Hai'vard Law School, graduating there in 1859. Immediatel}' thereafter he opened an office at Pittsfield, 111., and has resided there ever since. In politics he has always been a strong Democrat. He served two terms in the Legislature (1863-67) and, in 1874, was chosen Representative from his District in Congress, being re-elected in 1888 and, again, in 1890. In 1893 he was appointed by President Cleveland Third Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, which position he continued to fill until March, 1897, when he resumed the practice of law at Pittsfield. Died Jan. 15, 1901. WILEY, (Col.) Benjamin Ladd, soldier, was born in Smithfield, Jefferson County, Ohio, March 25, 1821, came to Illinois in 1845 and began life at Vienna, Johnson County, as a teacher. In 1846 he enlisted for the Mexican War, as a member of the Fifth (Colonel Newby's) Regiment Illinois Volunteers, serving chiefly in New Mexico until mustered out in 1848. A year later he removed to Jonesboro, where lie spent some time at the carpenter's trade, after which he became clerk in a store, meanwhile assisting to edit "The Jonesboro Gazette" until 1853; then became traveling salesman for a St. Louis firm, but later engaged in the hardware trade at Jonesboro, in which he continued for several years. In 1856 he was the Republican candidate for Congress for the Ninth District, receiving 4,000 votes, while Fremont, the Republican can- didate for President, received only 825 in the same district. In 1857 he opened a real estate office in Jonesboro in conjunction with David L. Phillips and Col. J. W. Ashley, with which he was connected until 1860. when he removed to Makanda, Jackson County. In September, 1861, he was mustered in as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fifth Illinois Cavaliy, later serving in Missouri and Arkansas under Generals Steele and Curtiss, being, a part of the time, in command of the First Brigade of Cavalry, and. in the advance on Vicks- burg, having command of the right wing of General Grant's cavalry. Being disabled by rheumatism at the end of the sie.ge, he tendered his resignation, and was immediatelj^ ajjpointed Enrolling Officer at Cairo, serving in this capac- ity until May, 1865, when he was mustered out. In 1869 he was appointed by Governor Palmer one of the Commissioners to locate the Southern Illinois Hospital for the Insane, and served as

Secretary of the Board until the institution was opened at Anna, in May, 1871. In 1869 he was defeated as a candidate for County Judge of Jackson County, and, in 1872, for the State Sen- ate, by a small majority in a strongly Democratic District; in 1876 was the ReiJublican candidate for Congress, in the Eighteenth District, against William Hartzell, but was defeated by only twenty votes, while carrying six out of the ten counties comprising the District. In the latter years of his life. Colonel Wiley was engaged quite extensively in fruit-growing at Makanda, Jack- son Countj', %vliere he died, March 22, 1890.

WILKIE, Franc Bangs, journalist, was born in Saratoga County, N. Y., July 2, 1830; took a partial course at Union College, after which he edited papers at Schenectadj', N. Y., Elgin, 111., and Davenport and Dubuque, Iowa ; also serving, during a part of the Civil War, as the western war correspondent of "The New York Times." In 1863 he became an editorial writer on "The Chicago Times," remaining with that paper, with the exception of a brief interval, until 1888 —a part of the time as its European correspond- ent. He was the author of a series of sketches over the nom de plume of "Poliuto," and of a volume of reminiscences under the title, "Thirty-five Years of Journalism," published shortly before his death, which took place, April 12, 1892.

WILKI>', Jacob W., Justice of the Supreme Court, was born in Licking County, Ohio, June 7, 1837; removed with his parents to Illinois, at 12 j'ears of age, and was educated at McKendree College ; served three years in the War for the Union; studied law with Judge Scholfield and was admitted to the bar in 1866. In 1872, he was chosen Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket, and, in 1879, elected Judge of the Circuit Court and re-elected in 1885 — the latter j^ear being assigned to the Appellate bench for the Fourth District, where he remained until his election to the Supreme bench in 1888, being re-elected to the latter office in 1897. His home was at Danville. Died April 3, 1007.

WILKINSON, Ira 0., lawyer and Judge, was born in Virginia in 1822, and accompanied his father to Jacksonville (1830), where he was edu- cated. During a short service as Deputy Clerk of Morgan County, he conceived a fondness for the profession of the law, and, after a course of study under Judge William Thomas, was admitted to practice in 1847. Richard Yates (afterwards Gov- ernor and Senator) was his first partner. In 1845 he removed to Rock Island, and, six years laier.

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was elected a Circuit Judge, being again closen to the same position in 1861. At the expiration of his second term he removed to Chicago. Died, at Jacksonville, August 34, 1894.

WILKINSON, John P., early merchant, was born, Dec. 14, 1790, in New Kent County, Va., emigrated first to Kentucky, and, in 1828, settled in Jacksonville, 111., where he engaged in mer- cantile business. Sir. Wilkinson was a liberal friend of Illinois College and Jacksonville Female Academy, of each of which he was a Trustee from their origin until his death, which occurred, during a business visit to St. Louis, in December, 1841.

WILL, Conrad, pioneer physician and early legislator, was born in Philadelphia, June 4, 1T78; about 1804 removed to Somerset County Pa., and, in 1813, to Kaskaskia, 111. He was a physician by profession, but having leased the saline lands on the Big Muddy, in the vicinity of what after- wards became the town of Brownsville, he engaged in the manufacture of salt, removing thither in 1815, and becoming one of the founders of Brownsville, afterwards the first county-seat of Jackson County. On the organization of Jackson County, in 1816, he became a member of the first Board of County Commissioners, and, in 1818, served as Delegate from that county in the Convention which framed the first State Consti- tution. Thereafter he served continuously as a member of the Legislature from 1818 to "34 — first as Senator in the First General Assembly, then as Representative in the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth, and again as Senator in the Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth — his career being conspicuous for long service. He died in oflSce, June 11, 1834. Dr. Will was short of stature, fleshy, of jovial disposition and fond of playing practical jokes upon his associates, but very popular, as shown by his successive elections to the Legislature. He has been called "The Father of Jackson County." Will County, organized by act of the Legislature two j'ears after his death, was named in his honor.

WILL COUNTY, a northeastern county, em- bracing 850 square miles, named in honor of Dr. Conrad Will, an early politician and legislator. Early explorations of the territory were made in 1829, when white settlers were few. The bluff west of Joliet is said to have been first occupied by David and Benjamin Maggard. Joseph Smith, the Mormon "apostle," expounded his peculiar doctrines at "the Point" in 1831. Sev- eral of the early settlers fled from the country during (or after) a raid by the Sac Indians.

There is a legend, seemingly well supported, to the effect that the first lumber, sawed to build the first frame house in Chicago (that of P. F. W. Peck), was sawed at Plainfield. Will County, originally a part of Cook, was separately erected in 1836, Joliet being made the county-seat. Agriculture, quarrying and manufacturing are the chief industries. Joliet, Lockport and Wil- mington are the principal towns. Population (1890), 62,007; (1900), 74,704; (1910), 84,371.

WILLARD, Frances Elizabeth, teacher and reformer, was born at Churchville, N. Y., Sept. 28, 1839, graduated from the Northwestern Female College at Evanston, 111., in 1859, and, in 1862, acceiJted the Professorship of Natural Sciences in that institution. During 1866-67 she was the Principal of the Genessee Wesleyan Seminary. The next two years she devoted to travel and study abroad, meanwhile contribut- ing to various periodicals. From 1871 to 1874 she was Professor of ^^i^sthetics in the Northwestern Universit}' and dean of the AVoman's College. She was always an enthusiastic champion of temperance, and, in 1874, abandoned her profes- sion to identify herself with the Woman's Chris- tian Temperance Union. For five years she was Corresponding Secretary of the national body, and, from 1879, its President. While Secretary she organized the Home Protective Association, and prepared a petition to the Illinois Legislature, to which nearly 200,000 names were attached, asking for the granting to women of the right to vote on the license question. In 1878 she suc- ceeded her brother, Oliver A. Willard (who had died), as editor of "The Chicago Evening Post," but, a few months later, withdrew, and, in 1882, was elected as a member of the executive com- mittee of the National Prohibition party. In 1886 she became leader of the White Cross Move- ment for the protection of women, and succeeded in securing favorable legislation, in this direc- tion, in twelve States. In 1883 she founded the World's Christian Temperance Union, and, in 1888, was chosen its President, as also President of the International Council of Women. The latter years of her life were spent chiefly abroad, much of the time as the guest and co-worker of Lady Henry Somerset, of England, during which she devoted much attention to investigating the condition of women in the Orient. Miss Willard was a prolific and highly valued contributor to the magazines, and (besides numerous pamphlets) published several volumes, including "Nineteen Beautiful Years" (a tribute to her sister); "Woman in Temperance"; "How to Win," and

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"Woman in the Pulpit." Died, in New York, Feb. 18, 1898.

WILLARD, Samuel, A.M., M.D., LL.D., phy- sician and* educator, was born in Lunenberg, Vt., Deo. 30, 1821— the lineal descendant of Maj. Simon Willard, one of the founders of Concord, Mass., and prominent in "King Pliilip"s War," and of his son. Rev. Dr. Samuel Willard, of the Old South Church, Boston, and seventh President of Harvard College. The subject of this sketch was taken in his infancy to Boston, and, in 1831, to CarroUton, 111., where his father pursued the avocation of a druggist. After a preparatory course at Shurtletf College, Upper Alton, in 1836 he entered the freshman class in Illinois College at Jacksonville, but withdrew the following year, re-entering college in 1840 and graduating in the class of 1843, as a classmate of Dr. Newton Bate- man, afterwards State Superintendent of Public Instruction and President of ICnox College, and Rev. Thomas K. Beecher, now of Elmira, N. Y. The next year be spent as Tutor in Illinois Col- lege, when he began the study of medicine at Quincy, graduating from the Medical Department of Illinois College in 1848. During a part of the latter year he edited a Free-Soil campaign paper ("The Tribune") at Quincy, and, later, "The Western Temperance Magazine" at the same place. In 1849 he began the practice of his pro- fession at St. Louis, but the next year removed to CoUinsville, 111., remaining until 1857, when he took charge of the Department of Languages in the newly organized State Normal University at Normal. The second year of the Civil War (1862) he enlisted as a private in the Ninety-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but was soon after commissioned as Surgeon with the rank of Major, participating in the campaigns in Tennessee and in the first attack upon Vicksburg. Being dis- abled by an attack of paralysis, in February, 1863, he was compelled to resign, when he had suffici- ently recovered accepting a position in the office of Provost Marshal General Oakes, at Spring- field, where he remained until the close of the war. He then became Grand Secretary of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows for the State of Illinois — a position which he had held from 1856 to 1862 — remaining under his second appoint- ment from 1865 to '69. The next year he served as Superintendent of Schools at Springfield, meanwhile assisting in founding the Springfield public library, and serving as its first librarian. In 1870 he accepted the professorship of History in the West Side High School of Chicago, which, with the exception of two years (1884-86),

he continued to occupy for more than twenty- five years, retiring in 1898. In the meantime. Dr. Willard has been a laborious literary worker, having been, for a con.siderable period, editor, or assistant-editor, of "The Illinois Teacher," a con- tributor to "The Century Magazine" and "The Dial" of Chicago, besides having published a "Digest of the Laws of Odd Fellowship" in six- teen volumes, begun while he was Grand Secre- tarj' of the Order in 1864. and continued in 1872 and "82; a "Synopsis of History and Historical Chart," covering the period from B. C. 800 to A. D. 1876 — of which he has had a second edition in course of preparation. Of late j-ears he has been engaged upon a "Historical Diction- ary of Names and Places," which will include some 12,000 topics, and which promises to be the most important work of his life. Previous to the war he was an avowed Abolitionist and operator on the "Underground Railroad," who made no concealment of his opinions, and, on one or two occasions, was called to answer for them in prosecutions under the "Fugitive Slave Act." (See "Underground Railroad."} His friend and classmate, the late Dr. Bateman, says of him: "Dr. Willard is a sound thinker; a clear and forcible writer; of broad and accurate scholarship; conscientious, genial and kindly, and a most estimable gentleman."

WILLIAMS, Archibald, lawyer and JHrist, was born in Montgomery County, Ky., June 10, 1801 ; with moderate advantages but natural fondness for study, he chose the profession of law, and was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1828, coming to Quincy, 111., the following year. He was elected to the General Assembly three times — serving in the Senate in 1832-36, and in the House, 1836-40 ; was United States District Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois, by appointment of President Taylor, 1849-53; was twice the candidate of his party (the Whig) for United States Senator, and appointed by Presi- dent Lincoln, in 1861, United States District Judge for the State of Kansas. His abilities and high character were widely recognized. Died, in Quincy, Sept. 21, 1863 — His son, John H., an attorney at Quincy, served as Judge of the Cir- cuit Court 1879-85. — Another son, Abraham Lin- coln, was twice elected Attorney-General of Kansas.

WILLIAMS, Erastus Smith, lawyer and ju- rist, was born at Salem, N. Y., May 22, 1821. In 1842 he removed to Chicago, where, after reading law, he was admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1854 he was appointed Master in Chancery, which

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office he filled until 1863, when he was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County. After re-election in 1870 he became Chief Justice, and, at the same time, heard most of the cases on i,he equity side of the court. In 1879 he was a candidate for re-election as a Republican, but was defeated with tlie party ticket. After his retirement from the bench he resumed private practice. Died, Feb. 34, 1884.

WILLIAMS, James R., Congressman, was born in White County, 111. , Dec. 27, 1800, at the age of 25 graduated from the Indiana State Uni- versity, at Bloomington, and, in 1876, from the Union College of Law. Chicago, since then being an active and successful practitioner at Carmi. In 1880 he was appointed Master in Chancery and served two years. From 1882 to 1886 he was County Judge. In 1892 he was a nominee on the Democratic ticket for Presidential Elector. He was elected to represent the Nineteenth Illi- nois District in the Fifty-first Congress at a special election held to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of R. W. Townshend. was re-elected in 1890 and 1893, but defeated by Orlando Burrell (Republican) for re-election in the newlj' organ- ized Twentieth District in 1894. In 1898 he was again a candidate and elected to the Fifty sixth Congress.

WILLIAMS, John, pioneer merchant, was born in Bath County, Ky., Sept. 11, 1808; be- tween 14 and 16 years of age was clerk in a store in his native State; then, joining his parents, who had settled on a tract of land in a part of Sangamon (now Menard) County, 111., he found employment as clerk in tlie store of Major Elijah lies, at Springfield, whom he succeeded in busi- ness at the age of 23, continuing it without inter- ruption until 1880. In 1856 Mr. Williams was the Republican candidate for Congress in the Springfield District, and, in 1861, was appointed Commissary-General for the State, rendering valuable service in furnishing suijplies for State troops, in camps of instruction and while proceed- ing to the field, in the first years of the war ; was also chief officer of the Illinois Sanitary Commis- sion for two years, and, as one of the intimate personal friends of Mr. Lincoln, was chosen to accompany the remains of tlie martj-red President, from Washington to Springfield, for burial. Liberal, enterprising and public-spirited, his name was associated with nearly every public enter- prise of importance in Springfield during his business career — being one of tlie founders, and, for eleven years President, of the First National Bank; a chief promoter in the construction of

what is now the Springfield Division of the Illi- nois Central Railroad, and the Sjjringfield and Peoria line; a Director of the Springfield Iron Company ; one of the Commissioners who con- structed the Springfield water-works, and an officer of the Lincoln Monument Association, from 1865 to his death. May 29, 1890.

WILLIAMS, Norman, lawyer, was born at Woodstock, Vt., Feb. 1, 1833, being related, on both the paternal and maternal sides, to some of the most prominent families of New England. He fitted for college at Union Academy, Meriden, and graduated from the University of Vermont in the class of 1855. After taking a course in the Albany Law School and with a law firm in his native town, he was admitted to practice in both New York and Vermont, removed to Chi- cago in 1858, and, in 1860, became a member of the firm of King, Kales & Williams, still later forming a partnership with Geo. John L. Thomp- son, which ended with the death of the latter in 1888. In a professional capacity he assisted in the organization of the Pullman Palace Car Com- pany, and was a member of its Board of Directors ; also assisted in organizing tlie Western Electric Company, and was prominently identified with the Chicago Telephone Company and the Western Union Telegraph Company. In 1881 he served as the United States Commissioner to the Electrical Exposition at Paris. In conjunction with his brother (Edward H. Williams) he assisted in founding the public library at Woodstock, Vt., which, in honor of his father, received the name of "The Norman Williams Public Library." With Col. Huntington W. Jackson and J. Mc- Gregor Adams, Mr. Williams was named, in the will of the late Joliii Crerar, as an executor of the Crerar estate and one of the Trustees of the Crerar Public Library, and became its first Presi- dent; was also a Director of the Chicago Pub- lic Library, and trustee of a number of large estates. Mr. Williams was a son-in-law of the late Judge John D. Caton, and his oldest daughter became the wife of Major-General Wesley Mer- ritt, a few months before his death, which oc- curred at Hampton Beach, N. H., June 19, 1899 — his remains being interred in his native town of Woodstock, Vt.

WILLIAMS, Robert Ebenezer, lawyer, born Deo. 3, 1825, at ClarksviUe, Pa., his grandfathers on both sides being soldiers of the Revolutionary War. In 1830 his parents removed to Washing- ton in the same State, where in boyhood he worked as a mechanic in his father's shop, attending a common school in the vrinter until

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he reached the age of 17 years, when he entered Washington College, remaining for more than a year. He then began teaching, and, in 1845 went to Kentucky, where he pursued the business of a teacher for four years. Then he entered Bethany College in West Virginia, at the same time prosecuting his law studies, but left at the close of his junior year, when, having been licensed to practice, he removed to Clinton, Texas. Here he accepted, from a retired lawyer, the loan of a law library, which he afterwards purchased; served for two years as State's Attor- ney, and, in 1856, came to Bloomington, 111., where he spent the remainder of his life in the practice of his profession. Much of his time was devoted to practice as a railroad attornej-, espe- cially in connection with the Chicago & Alton and the Illinois Central Railroads, in which he acquired prominence and wealth. He was a life- long Democrat and, in 1808, was the unsuccessful candidate of his party for Attorney-General of the State. . The last three years of his life he had been in bad health, dying at Bloomington, Feb. 1.5, 1899.

WILLIAMS, Samuel, Bank President, was born in Adams Count}', Ohio, July 11, 1820; came to Winnebago County, 111., in 1835, and, in 1843, removed to Iroquois County, where he held vari- ous local offices, including that of Comity Judge, to which he was elected in 1861. During his later years he had been President of the Watseka Citizens' Bank. Died, June 10, 1896.

WILLIAMSON, Rollin Samuel, legislator and jurist, was born at Cornwall, Vt. , May 23, 1839. At the age of 14 he went to Boston, where he began life as a telegraph messenger boy. In two years he had become a skillful operator, and, as such, was employed in various offices in New England and New York. In 1857 he came to Chicago seeking employment and, through the fortunate correction of an error on the part of the receiver of a message, secured the position of operator and station agent at Palatine, Cook County. Here he read law during his leisure time without a preceptor, and, in 1870, was admitted to the bar. The same year he was elected to the lower House of the General Assembly and, in 1873, to the Senate. In 1880 he was elected to the bench of the Superior Court of Cook County, and, in 1887, was chosen a Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court. Died, Au- gust 10, 1889.

WILLIAMSON COUNTY, in the southern part of the State, originally set off from Franklin and organized in 1839. The county is well watered,

the principal streams being the Big Muddy and the South Fork of the Saline. The surface is undulating and the soil fertile. The region was originally well covered with forests. AU the cereals (as well as potatoes) are cultivated, and rich meadows encourage stock-raising. Coal and sandstone underlie the entire county. Area, 440 square miles; population (1880), 19,324: (1890) 22,226; (1900), 27,796; (1910), 45,098.

WILLIAMSVILLE, village of Sangamon Coun- ty, on Chicago & Alton Railroad, 12 miles north of Springfield; has a bank, elevator, 3 churches, a newspaper and coal-mines. Pop. (1910), 600.

WILLIS, Jonathan Clay, soldier and former Railroad and Warehouse Commissioner, was born in Sumner County, Tenn. , June 27, 1826 ; brought to Gallatin County, 111., in 1834, and settled at Golconda in 1843; was elected Sheriff of Pope County in 1856, removed to Metropolis in 1859, and engaged in the wharf-boat and commission business. He entered the service as Quarter- master of the Forty-eighth Illinois Volunteers in 1861, but was compelled to resign on account of injuries, in 1863; was elected Representative ip the Twentj'-sixth General Assembly (1868), appointed Collector of Internal Revenue in 1869, and Railway and Warehouse Commissioner in 1892, as the successor of John R. Tanner, serving until 1893.

WILMETTE, a village in Cook County, 14 miles north of Chicago, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, a handsome suburb of Chicago on the shore of Lake Michigan; principal streets paved and shaded with fine forest trees; has public library and good schools. Pop. (1910), 4,943.

WILMINGTON, a city of Will County, on the Kankakee River and the Chicago & Alton Rail- road, 53 miles from Chicago and 15 south-south- west of Joliet; has considerable manufactures, two National banks, a graded school, churches and one newspaper. Wilmington is the location of the Illinois Soldiers" Widows' Home. Popu- lation (1890), 1,.576; (1900), 1,420; (1910), 1,450.

WILSON, Charles Lush, journalist, was bom in Fairfield County, Conn., Oct. 10, 1818, edu- cated in the common schools and at an academy in his native State, and, in 1835, removed to Chi- cago, entering the employment of his older brothers, who were connected with the construc- tion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal at Joliet. His brother, Richard L., having assumed charge of "The Chicago Daily Journal" (the successor of "The Chicago American"), in]1844, Charles L. took a position in the office, ultimately securing a partnership, which continued until the death

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of his brother in 1856, when he succeeded to the ownership of the paper. Mr. Wilson was an ardent friend and supporter of Abraham Lincoln for the United States Senate in 1858, but, in 1860, favored the nomination of Mr. Seward for tlie Presidency, though earnestly supporting Mr. Lin- coln after his nomination. In 1861 he was appointed Secretary of the American Legation at London, serving with the late Minister Charles Francis Adams, until 1864, when he resigned and resumed his connection with "The Journal." In 1875 his health began to fail, and three years later, having gone to San Antonio, Tex. , in the hope of receiving benefit from a change of cli- mate, he died in that city, March 9, 1878. — Richard Lush (Wilson), an older brother of the preceding, the first editor and publisher of "The Chicago Evening Journal," the oldest paper of consecutive publication in Chicago, was a native of New York. Coming to Chicago with his b'-other John L., in 1834, they soon after estab- lished themselves in business on the Illinois & Michigan Canal, then in course of construction. In 1844 he took charge of "The Chicago Daily Journal" for a publishing committee which had purchased the material of "The Chicago Ameri- can," but soon after became principal proprietor. In April, 1847, while firing a salute in honor of the victory of Buena Vista, he lost an arm and was otherwise injured by the explosion of the can- non. Early in 1849, he was appointed, by Presi- dent Taylor, Postmaster of the city of Chicago, but, having failed of confirmation, was compelled to retire in favor of a successor appointed by Millard Fillmore, eleven months later. Mr. Wilson published a little volume in 1842 entitled "A Trip to Santa Fe," and, a few years later, a story of travel under the title, "Short Ravel- lings from a Long Yarn." Died, December, 1856. — John Lush (Wilson), another brother, also a native of New York, came to Illinois in 1834, was afterwards associated with his brothers in busi- ness, being for a time business manager of "The Chicago Journal;" also served one term as Sher- iff of Cook County. Died, in Chicago, April 13, 1888.

WILSON, Isaac Grant, jurist, was born at Middlebury, N. Y., April 26, 1817, graduated from Brown University in 1888, and the same year came to Chicago, whither his father's family had preceded him in 1835. After reading law for two years, he entered the senior class at Cambridge (Mass.) Law School, graduating in 1841. In August of that year he opened an oflSoe at Elgin, and, for ten years "rode the cir-

cuit." In 1851 he was elected to the bench of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit to fill a vacancy, and re-elected for a full term in 1855, and again in '61. In November of the latter year he was commissioned the first Colonel of the Fifty- second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but resigned, a few weeks later, and resumed his place upon the bench. From 1867 to 1879 he devoted him- self to private practice, which was largely in the Federal Courts. In 1879 he resumed his seat upon the bench (this time for the Twelfth Cir- cuit), and was at once designated as one of the Judges of the Appellate Court at Chicago, of which tribunal he became Chief Justice in 1881. In 1885 he was re-elected Circuit Judge, but died, about the close of his term, at Geneva, June 8, 1891.

WILSON, James Grant, soldier and author, was born at Edinburgh, Scotland, April 28, 1832, and, when only a year old, was brought by his father, William Wilson, to America. The family settled at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where James Grant was educated at College Hill and under private teachers. After finishing his studies he became his father's partner in business, but, in 1855, went abroad, and, shortly after his return, removed to Chicago, where he founded the first literary paper established in the Northwest. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he disposed of his journal to enlist in the Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, of which he was commissioned Major and after- wards promoted to the colonelcy. In August, 1863, while at New Orleans, by advice of General Grant, he accepted a commission as Colonel of the Fourth Regiment United States Colored Cavalry, and was assigned, as Aid-de-camp, to the stafi' of the Commander of the Department of the Gulf, filling this post until April, 1865. When General Banks was relieved, Colonel Wil- son was brevetted Brigadier-General and placed in command at Port Hudson, resigning in July, 1865, since which time his home has been in New York. He is best known as an author, having published numerous addresses, and being a fre- quent contributor to American and European magazines. Among larger works which he has written or edited are "Biographical Sketches of Illinois Officers"; "Love in Letters"; "Life of General U. S. Grant"; "Life and Letters of Fitz Greene Halleck"; "Poets and Poetry of Scotland"; "Bryant and His Friends", and "Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography.''

WILSON, James Harrison, soldier and mili- tary engineer, was born near Sliawneetown, 111, , Sept. 2, 1837. His grandfather, Alexander WiJ.-

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son, was one of the pioneers of Illinois, and his father {Harrison Wilson) was an ensign dur- ing the War of 1812 and a Captain in the Black Hawk War. His brother (Bluford Wilson) served as Assistant Adjutant-General of Volun- teers during the Civil War, and as Solicitor of the United States Treasury during the "whisky ring" prosecutions. James H. was educated in the common schools, at McKendree College, and the United States Military Academy at West Point, graduating from the latter in 1860, and being assigned to the Topographical Engineer Corps. In September, 1861, he was promoted to a First Lieutenancy, then served as Chief Topo- graphical Engineer of the Port Royal expedition until March, 1802; was afterwards attached to the Department of the South, being present at the bombardment of Fort Pulaski; was Aid-de- camp to McClellan, and participated in the bat- tles of South Mountain and Antietam ; was made Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers in November, 1802; was Chief Topographical Engineer and Inspector-General of the Army of the Tennessee until October, 1863, being actively engaged in the operations around Vicksburg; was made Captain of Engineers in May, 186.3, and Brigadier- General of Volunteers, Oct. 31, following. He also conducted operations preliminary to the ' battle of Chattanooga and Missionary Ridge, and for the relief of Knoxville. Later, he was placed in command of the Third Division of the cavalry corps of the Army of the Potomac, serving from May to August, 1864, under General Sheridan. Subsequently he was transferred to the Depart- ment of the Mississippi, where he so distinguished himself that, on April 20, 186.5, he was made Major-General of Volunteers. In twenty-eight daj-s he captured fi%-e fortified cities, twenty- three stands of colors, 288 guns and 6,820 prison- ers— among the latter being Jefferson Davis. He was mustered out of the volunteer service in January, 1866, and, on July 28, following, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the Thirty- fifth United States Infantry, being also brevetted Major-General in the regular army. On Dec. 31, 1870, he returned to civil life, and was afterwards largely engaged in railroad and engineering oper- ations, especially in West Virginia. Promptly after the declaration of war with Spain (1898) General Wilson was appointed, by the President, Major-General of Volunteers, serving until its close. He is the author of "China: Travels and Investigations in the Middle Kingdom" ; "Life of Andrew J. Alexander"; and the "Life of Gen. U. S. Grant," in conjunction with Charles A.

Dana. His home, in recent years, has been in New York.

WILSON, John M., lawyer and jurist, was born in New Hampshire in 1802, graduated at Bowdoin College in 1824 — tlie classmate of Frank- lin Pierce and Nathaniel Hawthorne ; studied law in New Hampshire and came to lUinois in 1835, locating at Joliet; removed to Chicago in 1841, where he was the partner of Norman B. Judd, serving, at different periods, as attorney of the Chicago & Rock Island, the Lake Shore & Michi- gan Southern and the Chicago & Northwestern Railways; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Cook County, 1853-59, when he became Presiding Judge of the Superior Court of Chicago, serving until 1868. Died, Dec. 7, 1883.

WILSON, John P., lawyer, was born in White- side County, 111., July 3, 1844; educated in the common schools and at Knox College, Galesburg, graduating from the latter in 1865 ; two years later was admitted to the bar in Chicago, and speedily attained prominence in his profession. During the WorWs Fair period he was retained as counsel by the Committee on Grounds' and Buildings, and was prominently connected, as counsel for the city, with the Lake Front litiga- tion.

WILSON, Robert L., early legislator, was born in Washington County, Pa., Sept. 11, 1805, taken to Zanesville, Ohio, in 1810, graduated at Frank- lin College in 1831, studied law and, in 1833, removed to Athens (now in Menard County), 111. ; was elected Representative in 1836, and was one of the members from Sangamon County, known as the "Long Nine," who assisted in securing the removal of the State Capital to Springfield. Mr. Wilson removed to Sterling, Whiteside County, in 1840, was elected five times Circ'uit Clerk and served eight years as Probate Judge. Immedi- ately after the fall of Fort Sumter, he enlisted as private in a battalion in Washington City under command of Cassius M. Clay, for guard duty until the arrival of the Seventh New York Regi- ment. He subsequently assisted in raising troops in Illinois, was appointed Paymaster by Lincoln, serving at Washington, St. Louis, and, after the fall of Vicksburg, at Springfield — being mustered out in November, 1865. Died, in White- side County, 1880.

WILSON, Robert S., lawyer and jurist, was born at Montrose, Susquehanna Count}', Pa., Nov. 6, 1812; learned the printer's art, then studied law and was admitted to the bar in Allegheny County, about 1833; in 1836 removed to Ann Arbor, Mich., where he served as Probate Judge

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and State Senator ; in 1850 came to Chicago, was elected Judge of the Recorder's Court in 1853, and re-elected in 1858, serving ten 3'ears, and proving "a terror to evil-doers." Died, at Lavr- rence, Mich., Dec. 23, 1883.

WILSOJf, William, early jurist, was born in Loudoun County, Va., April 37, 1794; studied law with Hon. John Cook, a distinguished lawyer, and minister to France in the early part of the century ; in 1817 removed to Kentucky, soon after came to Illinois, two years later locating in White County, near Carmi, which continued to be his home during the remainder of his life. In 1819 he was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court as successor to William P. Foster, who is described by Governor Ford as "a great rascal and no lawyer," and who held oflBce only about nine months. Judge Wilson was re-elected to the Supreme bench, as Chief- Justice, in 1835, being then only a little over 30 years old, and held office until the reorganization of the Supreme Court under the Constitution of 1843 — a period of over twenty-nine years, and, with the exception of Judge Browne's, the long- est term of service in the historj' of the court. He died at his home in White County, April 29, 1857. A Whig in early life, he allied himself with the Democratic party on the dissolution of the former. Hon. James C. Conkling, of Spring- field, says of him, "as a writer, his style was clear and distinct; as a lawyer, his judgment was sound and discriminating."

WINCHESTER, a city and county-seat of Scott County, founded in 1839, situated on Big Sandy Creek and on the line of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 29 miles south of Beardstown and 84 miles north by west of St. Louis. While the surrounding region is agricultural and largely devoted to wheat growing, there is some coal mining. Winchester is an important shipping- point, having three grain elevators, two flouring mills, and a coal mine employing fifty miners. There are four Protestant and one Catholic church, a court house, a high school, a graded school building, two banks and two weekly news- papers. Population (1880), 1,626; (1890), 1,543; (1900), 1,711; (1910), 1,639.

WINDSOR, a city of Shelby County at the crossing of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and the Wabash Railways, 11 miles northeast of Shelbyville; in agricultural district; has bank and one paper. Pop. (1900), 866; (1910), 987. WINES, Frederick Howard, clergyman and sociologist, was born in Philadelphia, Pa.. April 9, 1838, graduated at Washington (Pa. ) College

in 1857, and, after serving as tutor there for a short time, entered Princeton Theological Semi- nary, but was compelled temporarily to discon- tinue his studies on account of a weakness of the eyes. The Presbytery of St. Louis licensed him to preach in 1860, and, in 1863, he was com- missioned Hospital Chaplain in the Union army. During 1863-64 he was stationed at Springfield, Mo., participating in the battle of Springfield on Jan. 8, 1863, and being personally mentioned for bravery on the field in the official report. Re- entering the seminary at Princeton in 1864, he graduated in 1865, and at once accepted a call to the pulpit of the First Presbyterian Church of Springfield, 111., which he filled for four years. In 1869 he was appointed Secretary of the newly created Board of Commissioners of Public Chari- ties of Illinois, in which capacity he continued until 1893, when he resigned. For the next four years he was chiefly engaged in literary work, in lecturing before universities on topics connected with social science, in aiding in the organization of charitable work, and in the conduct of a thorough investigation into the relations between liquor legislation and crime. At an early period he took a prominent jjart in organizing the various Boards of Public Charities of the United States into an organization known as the National Conference of Charities and Corrections, and, at the Louisville meeting (1883), was elected its President. At the International Penitentiary Congress at Stockholm (1878) he was the official delegate from Illinois. On his return, as a result of his observations while abroad, he submitted to the Legislature a report strongly advocating the construction of the Kankakee Hospital for the In-sane, then about to be built, upon the "detached ward" or "village" plan, a departure from then existing methods, wdiich marks an era in the treatment of insane in the United States. Mr. Wines conducted the investigation into the condition and number of the defective, depend- ent and delinquent classes throughout the coun- try, his report constituting a separate volume under the "Tenth Census," and rendered a simi- lar service in connection with the eleventh census (1890). In 1887 he was elected Secretary of the National Prison Association, succeeding to the post formerly held by his father, Enoch Cobb Wines, D.D., LL.D. After the inauguration of Governor Taoner in 1897, he resumed his former position of Secretary of the Board of Public Charities, remaining until 1899, when he again tendered his resignation, having received the appointment to the position of Assistant Director

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of the Twelfth Census, which he held 2 years. He is the author of "Crime and Reformation" (1895) ; of a volmiiinous series of reports ; also of numer- our. 2)amphlets and brochures, among which may be mentioned "The County Jail System; An Argument for its Abolition" (1878) , "The Kanka- kee Hospital" (1882); "Provision for the Insane in the United States" (1885); "Conditional Liberation, or the Paroling of Prisoners" (1886), and "American Prisons in the Tenth Census" (1S88). Died Jan. 31, 1912.

WINES, Walter B., lawyer (brother of Freder- ick H. Wines), was born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 10, 1848, received his primary education at Willis- ton Academy, East Hamn^^^on, Mass., after which he entered Middlebury College, Vt., taking a classical course and graduating there. He after- wards became a student in the law department of Columbia College, N. Y., graduating in 1871, being admitted to the bar tlie same j-ear and commencing practice in New York City. In 1879 he came to Springfield, 111. , and was, for a time, identified with the bar of that cit)'; was engaged some years in literary and journalistic work in Chicago; died at Minneapohs, Minn., July 31, 1901.

WIxXNEBAGO COUNTY, situated in the "northern tier," bordering on the ^Yiseonsin State line; was organized, under an act passed in 1836, from La Salle and Jo Daviess Counties, and has an area of 5-tO square miles. The county is drained by the Eock and Pecatonica Rivers. The surface is rolling prairie and the soil fertile. The geology is simple, the quaternary deposits being underlaid by the Galena blue and buiT limestone, adapted for building purposes. All the cereals are raised in abundance, the chief product being corn. The Winnebago Indians (who gave name to the county) formerly lived on the west side of the Rock River, and the Potta- watomies on the east, but both tribes removed westward in 1835. (As to other leading inter- ests, see Rockford.) Population (1880), 30,505; (1890), 39,938; (1900j, 47,845; (1910), 63,153.

WINNEBAGO WAR. The name given to an Indian disturbance which had its origin in 1827, during the administration of Gov. Ninian Edwards. The Indians had been quiet since the conclusion of the War of 1813, but a few isolated outrages were sufficient to start terrified "run- ners" in all directions. In the northern portion of the State, from Galena to Chicago (then Fort Dearborn) the alarm was intense. The meagre militia force of the State was summoned and volunteers -vere called for. Meanwhile, 600 United States Regular Infantry, under command

of Gen. Henry Atkinson, put in an appearance. Besides the infantrj', Atkinson had at his disposal some 130 mounted sharpshooters. The origin of the disturbance was as follows: The Winne- bagoes attacked a band of Chippewas, who were (by treaty) under Government potection, several of the latter being killed. For participation in this offense, four Winnebago Indians were sum- marily apprehended, surrendered to the Chippe- was and shot. Meanwhile, some dispute had arisen as to the title of the lands, claimed by the Winnebagoes in the vicinity of Gale'ia, which had been occupied by white miners. Repeated acts of hostility and of reprisal, along the Upper Mississippi, intensified mutual distrust. A gather- ing of the Indians around two keel-boats, laden with supplies for Fort Snelling, which had anchored near Prairie du Chien and oj^posite a W^innebago camp, was regarded by the whites as a hostile act. Liquor was freely distributed, and there is historical evidence that a half-dozen drunken squaws were carried off and shamefully maltreated. Several hundred -warriors assembled tc avenge the deception which had been practiced upon them. They laid in ambush for the boats on their return trip. The first passed too rapidly to be successfully assailed, but the second grounded and was savagely, yet unsuccessfully, attacked. The presence of General Atkinson's forces prevented an actual outbreak, and, on his demand, the great Winnebago Chief, Red Bird, with six other leading men of the tribe, sur- rendered themselves as hostages to save their nation from extermination. A majoritj' of these were, after trial, acquitted. Red Bird, however, unable to endure confinement, literally pined to deatli in prison, dj-ing on Feb. 16, 1828. He is described as liaving been a savage of superior intelligence and noble character. A treaty of peace was concluded with the Winnebagoes in a council held at Prairie du Chien, a few months later, but the affair seems to have produced as much alarm among the Indians as it did among the whites. (For Winnebago Indians see page 576. )

WINNETKA, a village of Cook County, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway, IG'i miles north of Chicago. It stands eighty feet above the level of Lake Michigan, has good schools (being the seat of the Winnetka Institute), sev- eral churches, and is a popular residence town. Pop. (1S90), 1,079; (1900), 1,S33; (lOlOj, 3,16S.

WINSTON, Frederick Hampton, lawyer, was born in Liberty County, Ga., Nov. 20, 1830, was brought to Woodford County, Ky., in 1835, left an orphan at 12, and attended the common

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schools until 18, when, returning to Georgia, he engaged in cotton manufacture. He finally began the study of law with United States Sena- tor W. C. Dawson, and graduated fi'om Harvard Law School in 1852; spent some time in the office of W. M. Evarts in New York, was admitted to tlie bar and came to Chicago in 1853, where he formed a partnership with Norman B. Judd, afterwards being associated with Judge Henry W. Blodgett; served as general solicitor of the Lake Sliore and Michigan Southern, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific and the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railways — remaining with the latter twenty years. In 1885 lie was appointed, by President Cleveland, Minister to Persia, but resigned the following year, and traveled exten- sively in Russia, Scandinavia and other foreign countries. Mr. Winston was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1868, '76 and '84 ; first President of the Stock Yards at Jersey City, for twelve years President of the Lincoln Park Commission, and a Director of the Lincoln National Bank. Died Feb. 19, 1904.

WISCOiXSIX CENTRAL LINES. The Wiscon- sin Central Company was organized, June 17, 1887, and subsequently acquired the Jlinnesota, St. Croix & W^isconsin, the W^isconsin & Minne- sota, the Chippewa Falls & Western, the St. Paul & St. Croix Falls, the Wisconsin Central,, the Penokee, and the Packwaukee & Montebello Rail- roads, and assumed the leases of the Milwaukee & Lake Winnebago and the Wisconsin & Minne- sota Roads. On July 1, 1888, the company began to operate the entire Wisconsin Central system, with the exception of the Wisconsin Central Railroad and the leased Milwaukee & Lake Win- nebago, which remained in charge of the Wis- consin Central Railroad mortgage trustees until Nov. 1, 1889, when these, too, passed under the control of the Wisconsin Central Company. The Wisconsin Central Railroad Company is a re- organization (Oct. 1, 1879) of a comi^any formed Jan. 1, 1871. The Wisconsin Central and the Wisconsin Central Railroad Companies, though differing in name, are a financial unit; the former holding most of the first mortgage bonds of the latter, and substantially all its notes, stocks and income bonds, but, for legal reasons (such as the protection of land titles), it is necessary tliat separate corporations be maintained. On April 1, 1890, the Wisconsin Central Company executed a lease to the Northern Pacific Railroad, but this was set aside by the courts, on Sept. 27, 1893, for non-payment of rent, and was finally canceled. On the same day receivers were appointed to

insure the protection of all interests. The total mileage is 415.46 miles, of which the Company owns 2.58.90— only .10 of a mile in Illinois. A line, 58.10 miles in length, with 8.44 miles of side-track (total, 66,54 miles), lying wholly within the State of Illinois, is operated by the Chicago & Wisconsin and furnishes the allied line an en- trance into Chicago.

WITHROW, Thomas F., lawyer, was born in Virginia in March, 1833, removed with his parents to Ohio in childhood, attended the Western Reserve College,' and, after the death of his father, taught school and worked as a printer, later, editing a paper at Mount Vernon. In 1855 he removed to Janesville, Wis., where he again engaged in journalistic work, studied law, was admitted to the bar in Iowa in 1857, settled at Des Moines and served as private secretary of Governors Lowe and Kirkwood. In 1860 he became Supreme Court Reporter; served as Chairman of the Republican State Central Com- mittee in 1863 and, in 1866, became associated with the Rock Island Railroad in the capacity of local attorney, was made chief law officer of the Company in 1873, and removed to Chicago, and, in 1890, was promoted to the position of General Counsel. Died, in Chicago, Feb. 3, 1893.

WOLCOTT, (Dr.) Alexander, early Indian Agent, was born at East Windsor, Conn., Feb. 14, 1790; graduated from Y'ale College in 1809, and, after a course in medicine, was commis- sioned, in 1813, Surgeon's Mate in the United States Army. In 1820 he was appointed Indian Agent at Fort Dearborn (now Chicago), as suc- cessor to Charles Jouett — the first Agent — who had been appointed a United States Judge in Arkansas. The same year he accompanied Gen- eral Lewis Cass and Henry Schoolcraft on their tour among the Indians of the Northwest; was married in 1823 to Ellen Marion Kinzie, a daughter of Col. Jolm Kinzie, the first perma- nent settler of Chicago; in 1825 was appointed a Justice of the Peace for Peoria County, which then included Cook County; was a Judge of Election in 1830, and one of the purchasers of a block of ground in the heart of the present city of Chicago, at the first sale of lots, held Sept. 27, 1830, but died before the close of the year. Dr. Wolcott appears to have been a high-minded and honorable man, as well as far in advance of the ma.ss of pioneers in point of education and intel- ligence.

WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CHI- CAtJO. (See Northwestern University Woman's Medical School.)

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WOMAN SUFFRAGE. (See Suffrage.)

WOOD, Benson, lawyer and Congressman, was born in Susquehanna Count}-, Pa., in 1839; re- ceived a commQn school and academic education ; at the age of 20 came to Illinois, and, for two years, taught school in Lee County. He then enlisted as a soldier in an Illinois regiment, attaining the rank of Captain of Infantry ; after the war, graduated from the Law Department of the old Chicago University, and has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. He was elected a member of the Twenty -eighth Gen- eral Assembly (1873) and was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1876 and 1888 ; also served as Mayor of the city of Effing- ham, where he now resides. In 1894 he was elected to the Fifty-fourth Congress by the Republicans of the Nineteenth District, which has uniformly returijed a Democrat, and, in office, proved himself a most industrious and efficient member. Mr. "Wood was defeated as a candidate for re-election in 1896.

WOOD, John, pioneer, Lieutenant-Governor and Governor, was born at Moravia, N. Y., Dec. 30, 1798 — his father being a Revolutionary soldier ■who had served as Surgeon and Captain in the army. At the age of 31 years young "Wood re- moved to Illinois, settling in what is now Adams County, and building the first log-cabin on the site of the present city of Quincy. He was a member of the upper house of the Seventeenth and Eight- eenth General Assemblies, and was elected Lieu- tenant-Governor in 1859 on the same ticket with Governor Bissell, and served out the unexpired term of the latter, who died in office. (See Bis- sell, William H.) He was succeeded by Richard Yates in 1861. In February of that year he was appointed one of the five Commissioners from Illinois to the "Peace Conference" at "Wash- ington, to consider methods for averting civil war. The following May he was appointed Quartermaster-General for the State by Governor Y'ates, and assisted most efficiently in fitting out the troops for the field. In June, 1864, he was commissioned Colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty -seventh Illinois Volunteers (100-days' men) and mustered out of service the following Sep- tember. Died, at Quincy, June 11, 1880. He was liberal, patriotic and public-spirited. His fellow-citizens of Quincy erected a monument to his memory, vrhich was appropriately dedicated, July 4, 1883.

WOODFORD COUNTY, situated a little north of the center of the State, bounded on the west by the Illinois River; organized in 1841; area.

556 square miles. The surface is generally level, except along the Illinois River, the soil fertile and well watered. The county lies in the north- ern section of the great coal field of the State. Eureka is the county -seat. Other thriving cities and towns are Metamora, Minonk, El Paso and Roanoke. Corn, oats, wheat, potatoes and barley are the principal crops. The chief mechanical industries are flour manufacture, carriage and wagon-making, and saddlery and harness work. Pop. (1900), 21,822; (1910), 20,506.

WOODHULL, a village of Henr County, on Keithsburg branch Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 15 miles west of Galva; has a bank, electric lights, water works, brick and tile works, six churches and weekly paper. Pop. (1910), 692.

WOODMAN, Charles W., lawyer and Congress- man, was born in Aalborg, Denmark, March 11, 1844; received his early education in the schools of his native country, but took to the sea in I860, following the life of a sailor until 1863, when, coming to Philadelphia, he enlisted in the Gulf Squadron of the United States. After the war, he came to Chicago, and, after reading law for some time in the ofiice of James L. High, gradu- ated from the Law Department of the Chicago University in 1871. Some years later he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for some of the lower courts, and, in 1881, was nominated by the Judges of Cook County as one of the Justices of the Peace for the city of Chicago. In 1894 he became the Republican candidate for Congress from the Fourth District and was elected, but failed to secure a renomination in 1896. Died, in Elgin Asylum for the Insane, March 18, 1898.

WOODS, Robert Mann, was born at Greenville, Pa., April 17, 1840; came with his parents to Illi- nois in 1842, the family settling at Barr}-, Pike County, but subsequently residing at Pittsfield, Canton and Galesburg. He was educated at Knox College in the latter place, %vhich was his home from 1849 to "58; later, taught school in Iowa and Missouri until 1861, when he went to Springfield and began the study of law with Milton Hay and Shelby M. Cullom. His law studies having been interrupted by the Civil "War, after spending some time in the mustering and disbursing office, he was promoted by Gov- ernor Yates to a place in the executive office, from which he went to the field as Adjutant of the Sixty-fourth Illinois Infantry, known as the "Yates Sharp-Shooters. " After participating, with the Army of the Tennessee, in the Atlanta campaign, he took part in the "March to the Sea," and the campaign in the Carolinas, inelud-

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ing the siege of Savannah and the forcing of the Salkahatchie, where he distinguished liimself, as also in the taking of Columbia, Fayetteville, Cheraw, Ealeigh and Bentonville. At the latter place he had a horse shot under him and won the brevet rank of Major for gallantry in the field, having previously been commissioned Captain of Company A of his regiment. He also served on the staffs of Gens. Giles A. Smith, Benjamin F. Potts, and William W. Belknap, and was the last mustering officer in General Sherman's army. In 1867 Major Woods removed to Chicago, where he was in business for a number of years, serving as chief clerk of Custom House construction from 1873 to 1877. In 1879 he purchased "The Daily Republican" at Joliet, which he conducted successfully for fifteen years. While connected with "The Republican, ' ' he served as Secretary of the Illinois Republican Press Association and in various other positions.

Major Woods was one of the founders of the Grand Army of the Republic, whose birth-iilace was in Illinois. (See Oi'cind Army of the Re2yiib- lic; also Stephenson, Dr. B. F.) When Dr. Stephenson (who had been Surgeon of the Four- teenth Illinois Infantry), conceived the idea of founding such an order, he called to his assist- ance Major Woods, who was then engaged in writing the histories of Illinois regiments for the Adjutant-General's Report. The Major wrote the Constitution and By-laws of the Order, the charter blanks for all the reports, etc. The first official order bears his name as the first Adjutant- General of the Order, as follows :

Springfield. III.. April 1, 1866. Qekeral Orders '.

No. 1. \ The following named otRcers are hereby

appointed and assigned to duty at these headquarters. They will be obeyed and respected accordingly: Colonel Jules C. Webber. A.D.C. and Chief of Staff. Colonel John M. Snyder, Quartermaster-General. Major Robert M. Woods, Adjutant-General. Captain John A. Lightfoot, Assistant Adjutant-General. Captain John S. Pheips, Aid-de-Camp. By order of B. F. Stephenson, Department Commander.

Robert M. Woods,

Adjutant-General.

Major Woods afterwards organized the various Departments in the West, and it has been con- ceded that he furnished the money necessary to carry on the work during the first six months of the existence of the Order. He has never accepted a nomination or run for any political office, but is now engaged in financial business in Joliet and Chicago, with his residence in the former place.

WOODSON, David Meade, lawyer and jurist, was born in Jessamine County, Ky., May 18, 1806; was educated in private schools and at Transylvania University, and read law with his father. He served a term iu the Kentucky Legis- lature in 1832, and, in 1834, removed to Illinois, setthng at Carrollton, Greene County. In 1839 he was elected State's Attorney and, in 1840, a member of the lower house of the Legislature, being elected a second time in 1868. In 1843 he was the Whig candidate for Congress in the Fifth District, but was defeated by Stephen A. Douglas. He was a member of the Constitutional Conventions of 1847 and 18G9-70. In 1848 he was elected a Judge of the First Judicial Circuit, remaining in ofilce until 1867. Died, in 1877.

WOODSTOCK, the county-seat of McHenry County, situated on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway, about 51 miles northwest of Chicago and 32 miles east of Rockford. It contains a court house, eight churches, four banks, three newspaper oflSces, foundry and machine shops, planing mills, canning works, pickle, cheese and butter factories. The Oliver Typewriter Factory is located here; the town is also the seat of the Todd Seminary for boys. Population (1890), 1,683; (1900), 3,503; (1910), 4,331.

WORCESTER, Linus E., State Senator, was born in Windsor, Vt., Dec. 5, 1811, was educated in the common schools of his native State and at Chester Academy, came to Illinois in 1836, and, after teaching three years, entered a dry-goods store at Whitehall as clerk, later becoming a partner. He was also engaged in various other branches of business at difi'erent times, including the drug, hardware, grocery, agricultural imple- ment and lumber business. In 1843 he was appointed Postmaster at Whitehall, serving twelve years ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1847, served as County Judge for six years from 1853, and as Trustee of the Insti- tution for the Deaf and Dumb, at Jacksonville, froru 1859, by successive reappointments, for twelve years. In 1856 he was elected, as a Demo- crat, to the State Senate, to succeed John M. Palmer, resigned ; was re-elected in 1860, and, at the session of 1865, was one of the five Demo- cratic members of that body who votj^ for the ratification of the Emancipation Ame Jiment of the National Constitution. He was elected County Judge a second time, in 1863, and re- elected in 1867, served as delegate to the Demo- cratic National Convention of 1876, and, for more than thirty years, was one of the Directors of the Jacksonville branch of the Chicago & Alton

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Railroad, serving from the organization of the corporation until his death, which occurred Oct. 19, 1891.

WORDEJf, a village of Madison County, on the Wabash and tlie Jacksonville, Louisville & St. Louis Railways, 33 miles northeast of St. Louis. Pop. (1S90), 522; (1900), 544; (1910), 1,082.

WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. An exhibition of the scientific, liberal and mechan- ical arts of all nations, held at Chicago, between May 1 and Oct. 31, 1893. The project had its inception in November, 1885, in a resolution adopted by the directorate of the Chicago Inter- State Exposition Company. On July 6, 1888, the first well defined action was taken, the Iroquois Club, of Chicago, inviting the co-operation of six other leading clubs of that city in "securing the location of an international celebration at Chi- cago of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus." In July, 1889, a decisive step was taken in the appointment by Mayor Cregier, under resolution of the City Council, of a committee of 100 (afterwards increased to 256) citizens, who were charged with the duty of promoting the selection of Chicago as the site for the Exposition. New York, Washington and St. Louis were competing points, but the choice of Congress fell upon Chicago, and the act establish- ing the World's Fair at that city was signed by President Harrison on April 25, 1890. Under the requirements of the law, the President appointed eight Commissioners-at-large, with two Commis- sioners and two alternates from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia. Col. George R. Davis, of Chicago, was elected Direc- tor-General by the body thus constituted. Ex- Senator Thomas M. Palmer, of Michigan, was chosen President of the Commission and John T. Dickinson, of Texas, Secretary. This Commis- sion delegated much of its power to a Board of Reference and Control, who were instructed to act with a similar number appointed by the World's Columbian Exposition. The latter organization was an incorporation, with a direc- torate of forty-five members, elected annually by the stockholders. Lyman J. Gage, of Chicago, was the first President of the corporation, and was succeeded by W. T. Baker and Harlow N. Higinbotham.

In addition to these bodies, certain powers were vested in a Board of Lady Managers, composed of two members, with alternates, from each State and Territory, besides nine from the city of Chicago. Mrs. Potter Palmer was chosen President of the latter. This Board was particu-

larly charged with supervision of women's par- ticipation in the Exposition, and of the exhibits of women's work.

The supreme executive power was vested in the Joint Board of Control. The site selected was Jackson Park, in the South Division of Chi- cago, with a strip connecting Jackson and Washington Parks, known as the "Midway Plaisance," which was surrendered to "conces- sionaires"' who purchased the privilege of giving exhibitions, or conducting restaurants or selling- booths thereon. The total area of the site was 633 acres, and that of the buildings — not reckon- ing those erected by States other than IlUnois, and by foreign governments — was about 200 acres. When to this is added the acreage of the foreign and State buildings, the total space under roof approximated 350 acres. These fig- ures do not include the buildings erected by private exhibitors, caterers and venders, which would add a small percentage to the grand total. Forty-seven foreign Governments made appropri- ations for the erection of their own buildings and other expenses connected with ofiBcial represen- tation, and there were exhibitors from eighty-six nations. The United States Government erected its own building, and appropriated $500,000 to defray the expenses of a national exhibit, besides §2,500,000 toward the general cost of the Exposi- tion. The appropriations by foreign Governments aggregated about §6,500.000, and those by the States and Territories, §6,120,000— that of Illinois being .$800,000. The entire outlay of the World's Columbian Exposition Company, up to March 31, 1894, including the cost of preliminary organiza- tion, construction, operating and post Exposition expenses, was 627,151,800. This is, of course, exclusive of foreign and State erpenditures, which would swell the aggregate cost to nearly 845,000,000. Citizens of Chicago subscribed §5,608,206 toward the capital stock of the Exposi- tion Company, and the municipality, §5,000,000, which was raised by the sale of bonds. (See Thirty-sixth Oeneral Assembly.)

The site, while admirably adapted to the pur- pose, was, when chosen, a marshy flat, crossed by low sand ridges, upon which stood occasional clumps of stunted scrub oaks. Before the gates of the great fair were opened to the public, the entire area had been transformed into a dream of beauty. Marshes had been drained, filled in and sodded ; driveways and broad walks constructed ; artificial ponds and lagoons dug and embanked, and all the highest skill of the landscape garden- er's art had been called into play to produce

MAP OF

THE GROUNDS OF THE

}VOj^LpS pOJ.UM;piAJSr EXj'OpiJION

Jackson Park

showing the General Arrangemenl

of

Buildings and Grouada

1893.

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

601

varied and striking effects. But the task had been a Herculean one. There were seventeen principal (or, as they maj' be called, depart- mental) buildings, all of beautiful and ornate design, and all of vast size. They were known as tlie Manufacturers' and Liberal Arts, the Machinery, Electrical, Transportation, Woman's, Horticultural, Mines and Mining, Anthropolog- ical, Administration, Art Galleries, Agricultural, Art Institute, Fisheries, Live Stock, Dairy and Forestrj' buildings, and the Music Hall and Ca- sino. Several of these had large annexes. The Manufacturers' Building was the largest. It was rectangular (1087x 787 feet), having a ground area of 31 acres and a floor and gallery area of 44 acres. Its central chamber was 1380x380 feet, with a nave 107 feet wide, both hall and nave being surrounded by a gallery 50 feet wide. It was four times as large as the Roman Coliseum and three times as large as St. Petei'"s at Rome ; 17,000,000 feet of lumber, 13,000,000 pounds of steel, and 2,000,000 pounds of iron had been used in its construction, involving a cost of $1,800,000.

It was originally intended to open the Exposi- tion, formally, on Oct. 31, 1892, the quadri-centen- nial of Columbus' discovery of land on the Western Hemisphere, but the magnitude of the undertaking rendered this impracticable. Con- sequently, while dedicatory ceremonies were held on that day, preceded by a monster procession and followed by elaborate pyrotechnic displays at night. May 1, 1893, was fixed as the opening day —the machinery and fountains being put in oper- ation, at the touch of an electric button by Presi- dent Cleveland, at the close of a short address. The total number of admissions from that date to Oct. 31, was 37,.530,4GO — the largest for any single day being on Oct. 9 (Chicago Day) amount- ing to 761,944. The total receipts from all sources (includmg National and State appropriations, subscriptions, etc.), amounted to §38, 1.5 1,1 68. 7.5, of which 810,626,330.76 was from the sale of tick ets, and §3,699,581.43 from concessions. The aggregate attendance fell short of that at the Paris Exposition of 1889 by about 500,000, while the receipts from the sale of tickets and con- cessions exceeded the latter by nearly §5,800,000. Subscribers to the Exposition stock received a return of ten per cent on the same.

The IlUnois building was the first of the State buildings to be completed. It was also the largest and most costly, but was severely criti- cised from an architectural standpoint. The exhibits showed the internal resources of the State, as well as the development of its govern-

mental system, and its progress in civilization from the days of tlie first pioneers. The entire Illinois exhibit in the State building was under charge of the State Board of Agriculture, who devoted one-tenth of the approjiriation. and a like proportion of floor space, to the exhibition of the work of Illinois women as scientists, authors, artists, decorators, etc. Among special features of the Illinois exhibit were : State trophies and relics, kept in afire-proof memorial hall; the dis- play of grains and minerals, and an immen.se topographical map (prepared at a cost of §15,000), drafted on a scale of two miles to the inch, show- ing the character and resources of the State, and correcting many serious cartographical errors previously undiscovered.

WORTHEN, Amos Henry, scientist and State Geologist, was born at Bradford, Vt., Oct. 31, 1813, emigrated to Kent-icky in 1834, and, in 1836, removed to Illinois, locating at Warsaw. Teach- ing, surveying and mercantile business were his pursuits until 1843, when he returned to the East, spending two years in Boston, but return- ing to Warsaw in 1844. His natural predilections were toward the natural sciences, and, after coming west, he devoted most of his leisure time to the collection and study of specimens of mineralogy, geology and conchology. On the organization of the geological survey of Illinois in 1851, he was appointed assistant to Dr. J. G. Norwood, then State Geologist, and, in 1858, suc- ceeded to the office, having meanwhile spent three years as Assistant Geologist in the first Iowa survey. As State Geologist he published seven volumes of reports, and was engaged upon the eighth when overtaken by death, May 6, 1888. These reports, which are as comprehensive as they are voluminous, have been reviewed and warmly commended by the leading scientific periodicals of this country and Europe In 1877 field work was discontinued, and the State His- torical Library and Natural History Museum were established, Professor Worthen being placed m charge as curator. He was the author of various valuable scientific papers and member of numer- ous scientific societies in this country and in Europe.

WORTHn^GTON, Nicholas Ellsworth, ex-Con- gressman, was born in Brooke County, W. Va., March 30, 1836, and completed his education at Allegheny College, Pa., studied Law at Morgan- town, 'Va., and was admitted to the bar in 1860 He is a resident of Peoria, and, by profession, a lawyer; was County Superintendent of Schools of Peoria County from 1868 to 1872, and a mem-

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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

ber of the State Board of Education from 1869 to 1872. In 1882 he was elected to Congress, as a Democrat, from the Tenth Congressional District, and re-elected in 1884. In 1886 he was again a candidate, but was defeated by his Republican opponent, Philip Sidney Post. He was elected Circuit Judge of the Tenth Judicial District in 1891, and re-elected in 1897. In 1894 he served upon a commission appointed by President Cleve- land, to investigate the labor strikes of that year at Chicago.

WRIGHT, John Stephen, manufacturer, was born at Sheffield, Mass., July 16, 1815; came to Chicago in 1832, with his father, who opened a store in that citj' ; in 1837, at his own expense, built the first school building in Chicago ; in 1840 established "The Prairie Farmer," which he con- ducted for many years in the interest of popular education and progressive agriculture. In 1852 he engaged in the manufacture of Atkins" self- raking reaper and mower, was one of the pro- moters of the Galena & Chicago Union and the Illinois Central Railways, and wrote a volume entitled, "Chicago: Past, Present and Future," published in 1870. Died, in Chicago, Sept. 26, 1874.

WULFF, Henry, ex-State Treasurer, was born in Meldorf, Germany, August 24, 1854; came to Chicago in 1863, and began his political career as a Trustee of the town of Jefferson. In 1866 he was elected County Clerk of Cook County, and re-elected in 1890; in 1894 became the Republican nominee for State Treasurer, receiving, at the November election of that year, the unprece- dented plurality of 133,427 votes over his Demo- cratic opponent. Died Dec. 27, 1907.

WTAXET, a town of Bureau County, at the intersection of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railways, 7 miles southwest of Princeton. Population (1900), 902; (1910), 872.

WTLIE, (Rev.) Samuel, domestic missionary, born in Ireland and came to America in boyhood ; was educated at the University of Pennsylvania and the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and ordained in 1818. Soon after this he came west as a domestic mis- sionary and, in 1820, became pastor of a church at Sparta, 111., where he remained until his death, March 20, 1872, after a pastorate of 52 years. During his pastorate the church sent out a dozen colonies to form new church organizations else- where. He is described as able, eloquent and scholarly.

WYMAN, (Col.) John B., soldier, was born in Massachusetts, July 12, 1817, and educated in the

schools of that State until 14 years of age, when he became a clerk in a clothing store in his native town of Shrewsbury, later being associated with mercantile establishments in Cincinnati, and again in his native State. From 1846 to 1850 he was emplo3'ed successively as a clerk in the car and machine shops at Springfield, Mass. , then as Superintendent of Construction, and, later, as con- ductor on the New York & New Haven Railroad , finall}-, in 1850, becoming Superintendent of the Connecticut River Railroad. In 1852 he entered the service of the Illinois Central Railroad Com- pany, assisting in the survey and construction of the line under Col. R. B. Mason, the Chief Engi- neer, and finally becoming Assistant Superin- tendent of the Northern Division. He was one of the original proprietors of the town of Amboy, in Lee County, and its first Mayor, also serving a second term. Having a fondness for military affairs, he was usually connected with some mili- tary organization — while in Cincinnati being attached to a company, of which Prof. O. M. Mitchell, the celebrated astronomer (afterwards Major-General Mitchell), was Captain. After coming to Illinois he became Captain of the Chi- cago Light Guards. Having lef* the employ of the Railroad in 1858, he was in private business at Amboy at the beginning of the Civil War in 1861. As Assistant- Adjutant General, by appoint- ment of Governor Yates, he rendered valuable service in the early weeks of the war in securing arms from Jefferson Barracks and in the organi- zation of the three-months" regiments. Then, having organized the Thirteenth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry — the first organized in the State for the three years' service — he was commis- sioned its Colonel, and, in July following, entered upon the duty of guarding the railroad lines in Southwest Missouri and Arkansas. The follow- ing year his regiment was attached to General Sherman"s command in the first campaign against Vicksburg. On the second daj' of the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, he fell mortally wounded, dying on the field, Dec. 28, 1862. Colo- nel Wyman was one of the most accomplished and promising of the volunteer soldiers sent to the field from Illinois, of whom so many were former employes of the Illinois Central Rail- road.

WYOMING, a town of Stark County, 31 miles north-northwest from Peoria, at the junction of the Peoria branch Rock Island & Pacific and the Rushville branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway; has two high schools, churches, two banks, flour mills, water-works, machine

HISTOKICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

603

shop, and two weekly newspapers. Coal is mined here. Population (1900), 1,277; (1910), 1,506.

XEJfIA, a \-illage of Clay County, on the Balti- more & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, 87 miles east of St. Louis. Pop. (1900), 800; (1910), 6.34.

YATES CITY, a village of Knox County, at the junction of the Peoria Dirision of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, with the Rushville branch, 23 miles southeast of Galesburg. The town has banks, a coaLmine, telephone exchange, school, churches and a newspaper. Pop. (1890), 687; (1900), 650; (1910), 586.

YATES, Henry, pioneer, was born in Caroline County, Va., Oct. 29, 1786 — being a grand-nephew of Chief Justice John Marshall ; removed to Fa- yette County, Ky., where he located and laid out the town of Warsaw, which afterwards became the county-seat of Gallatin County. In 1831 he removed to Sangamon County, 111., and, in 1832, settled at the site of the present town of Berlin, which he laid out the following year, also laying out the town of New Berlin, a few years later, on the line of the Wabash Railway. He was father ofj Gov. Richard Yates. Died, Sept. 13, lyCo.— Henry (Yates), Jr., son of the preceding, was born at Berlin, 111., March 7, 1835 ; engaged in merchan- dising at New Berlin; in 1862. raised a company of volunteers for the One Hundred and Sixth Regiment Illinois Infantry, was appointed Lieu- tenant-Colonel and brevetted Colonel and Briga- dier-General. He was accidentally shot in 1863, _ and suffered sun-stroke at Little Rock, from which he never fully recovered. Died, August 3, 1871.

YATES, Richard, former Governor and United States Senator, was born at Warsaw, Ky., Jan. 18, 1815, of English descent. In 1831 he accom- panied his father to Illinois, the family settling first at Springfield and later at Berlin, Sangamon County. He soon after entered Illinois College, from which he graduated in 1835, and subse- quently read law with Col. John J. Hardin, at Jacksonville, which thereafter became his home. In 1842 he was elected Representative in the Gen- eral Assembly from Morgan County, and was re-elected in 1844, and again in 1848. In 18.50 he was a candidate for Congress from the Seventh District and elected over Maj. Thomas L. Harris, the previous incumbent, being the only Whig Representative in the Thirty-second Congress from Illinois. Two j'ears later he was re-elected over John Calhoun, but was defeated, in 1854, by his old opponent, Harris. He was one of the

most vigorous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in the Thirty-third Congress, and an early participant in the movement for the organization of the Republican party to resist the further extension of slavery, being a prominent speaker, on the same platform with Lincoln, before the first Republican State Convention held at Bloom- ington. in May, 1856. and serving as one of the Vice-Presidents of that body. In 18C0 he was elected to the executive chair on the ticket headed by Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency, and, by his energetic support of the National administration in its measures for the suppression of the Rebellion, won the sobriquet of "the Illi- nois War-Governor." In 1865 he was elected United States Senator, serving until 1871. He died suddenly, at St. Louis, Nov. 27, 1873, while returning from Arkansas, whither he had gone, as a United States Commissioner, by appointment of President Grant, to inspect a land-subsidy railroad. He was a man of rare ability, earnest- ness of purpose and extraordinary personal mag- netism, as well as of a lofty order of patriotism. His faults were those of a nature generous, impulsive and warm-hearted.

YORKVILLE, the county-seat of Kendall County, on Fo.\ River and Streator Division of Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 12 miles southwest of Aurora; on interurban electric line; has water-)5ower, electric lights, a bank, churches and weekly paper. Pop. (1900), 413; (1910), 431.

YOUNG, Brigliam, Mormon leader, was born at Whittingham, Vt., June 1, 1801, joined the Slormons in 1831 and, the next year, became asso- ciated with Joseph Smith, at Kirtland, Ohio, and, in 1835, an "apostle." He accompanied a con- .siderable body of that sect to Independence, Mo., but was driven out with them in 1837, settling for a short time at Quincy, 111., but later remov- ing to Nauvoo, of which he was one of the foun- ders. On the assassination of Smith, in 1844, he became the successor of the latter, as head of the Mormon Church, and, the following year, headed the exodus from Illinois, which finallj' resulted in the Mormon settlement in Utah. His subsequent career there, where he was appointed Governor by President Fillmore, and, for a time, success- fully defied national authority, is a matter of national rather than State history. He remained at the head of the Mormon Church until his death at Salt Lake City, August 29, 1877.

YOUKG, Blehard Montg:omery, United States Senator, was born in Kentucky in 1796, studied law and removed to Jonesboro, 111. , where he was admitted to the bar in 1817; served in the Second

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HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

General Assembly (1820-23) as Representative from Union County ; was a Circuit Judge, 1825-27 ; Presidential Elector in 1828 ; Circuit Judge again, 1829-37 ; elected United States Senator in 1837 as successor to W. L. D. Ewing, serving until 1843, when he was commissioned Justice of the Su- preme Court, but resigned in 1S47 to become Commissioner of the General Land OflSce at Washington. During the session of 1850-51, he served as Clerk of the National House of Repre- sentatives. Died, in an insane asylum, in Wash- ington, in 1853.

¥OU>'(J MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, first permanently organized at Chicago, in 1858, although desultory movements of a kindred char- acter had previouslj' been started at Peoria, Quincy, Chicago and Springfield, some as early as 185-4. From 1858 to 1872, various associations were formed at different points throughout the State, which were entirelj' independent of each other. The first effort looking to union and mutual aid, was made in 1872, when Robert Weidensall, on behalf of the International Com- mittee, called a convention, to meet at Blooming- ton, November 6-9. State conventions have been held annually since 1872. In that of 1875, steps were taken looking to the appointment of a State Seoretarj', and, in 1876, Charles M. Morton assumed the offiee. Much evangelistic work was done, and new associations formed, tlie total number reported at the Champaign Convention, in 1877, being sixty-two. After one year's work Mr. Morton resigned the secretarj-ship, tlie office remaining vacant for three years. Tlie question of the appointment of a successor was discussed at the Decatur Convention in 1879, and, in April, 1880, I. B. Brown was made State Secretary, and has occupied the position to the present time (1899). At the date of his appointment the official figures showed si.xteen associations in Illi- nois, with a total membership of 2,443, and prop- erty valued atS126,500, including building funds, the associations at Chicago and Aurora owning buildings. Thirteen officers were employed, none of them being in Chicago. Since 1880 the work lias steadily grown, so that five Assistant State Secretaries are now employed. In 1886, a plan for arranging the State work \inder depart- mental administration was devised, but not put in operation until 1890. The present six depart- ments of supervision are: General Supervision, in charge of the State Secretary and his Assist- ants; railroad and city woi-k; counties and towns; work among students; corresponding membership department, and office work. The

two last named are under one executive head, but each of the others in charge of an Assistant Secretary, who is responsible for its development The entire work is under the supervision of a State Executive Committee of twenty-seven members, one-third of whom are elected annually. Willis H. Herrick of Chicago has been its chair- man for several years. This body is appointed by a State convention composed of delegates from the local Associations. Of these there were, in October, 1898, 116, with a meniber.ship of 15,888. The value of the property owned was $2,500,000. Twenty-two occupy their own build- ings, of which five are for railroad men and one for students. Weekly gatherings for j"oung men numbered 248, and there are now representatives or correspondents in 665 communities where no organization has been effected. Scientific phys- ical cultux-e is made a feature by 40 associations, and educational work has been largely developed. The enrollment in evening classes, during 1898-99, was 978. The building of the Chicago branch (erected in 1893) is the finest of its class in the world. Recently a successful association has been formed among coal miners, and another among the first grade boys of the Illinois State Reformatory, while an extensive work has been conducted at the camps of the Illinois National Guard.

ZANE, Charles S., lawyer and jurist, was born in Cumberland County, N. J., March 2, 1831, of English and New England stock. At the age of 19 he emigrated to Sangamon County, lU., for a time working on a farm and at brick-making. From 1852 to '55 he attended McKendree College, but did not graduate, and, on leaving college, engaged in teaching, at the same time reading law. In 1857 he was admitted to the bar and commenced practice at Springfield. The follow- ing year he was elected City Attorney'. He had for partners, at different times, AVilliam H. Henidon (once a partner of Abraham Lincoln) and Senator Shelby M. CuUom. In 1873 he was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court for the Fifth Judicial Circuit, and was re-elected in 1879. In 1883 President Arthur appointed him Chief Jus- tice of Utah, where he has since resided, though superseded by the appointment of a successor by President Cleveland. At the first State elec- tion in Utah, held in November, 1895, he was chosen one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the new Commonwealth, but was defeated for re-election, bj- his Democratic opponent, in 1898.

SCENES IN SOUTH PARK.

WORLD'S FAIR BUILDINGS. The Peristyle. Admiuistration Building. GHi-man Building.

'■^Ue Fisheries.

SUPPLEMENT.

The following matter, received too late for insertion In the body of this work, Is added in the form of a supplement

COGHLAN, (Capt.) Joseph Bullock, naval •fficer, was born in Kentucky, and, at the age of 15 years, came to Illinois, living on a farm for a time near Carlyle, in Clinton County. In 1860 he was appointed by his uncle, Hon. Philip B. Fouke — then a Representative in Congress froni the Belleville District — to the Naval Academy at Annapolis, graduating in 1863, and being pro- moted through the successive grades of Ensign, Master, Lieutenant, Lieutenant-Commander, and Commander, and serving upon various vessels until Nov. 18, 1893, when he was commissioned Captain and, in 1897, assigned to the command of the battleship Raleigh, on the Asiatic Station. He was thus connected with Admiral Dewey's squadron at the beginning of the Spanish- Ameri- can War, and took a conspicuous and brilliant part in the affair in Manila Bay, on May 1, 1898, which resulted in the destruction of the Spanish fleet. Captain Coghlan's connection with subsequent events in the Philippines was in the highest degree creditable to himself and the countrj'. His vessel (the Raleigh) was the first of Admiral Dewey's squadron to return home, coming by way of the Suez Canal, in the summer of 1899, he and his crew receiving an immense ovation on their arrival in New York harbor.

CRANE, (Rev.) James Lyons, clergyman, army chaplain, was born at Mt. Eaton, Wayne County, Ohio, August 30, 1833, imited with the Methodist Episcopal Church at Cincinnati in 1841, and, coming to Edgar County, Illinois, in 1843, attended a seminary at Paris some three years. He joined the Illinois Conference in 1846, and was assigned to the Danville circuit, after- wards presiding over charges at Grandview, Hills- boro, Alton, Jacksonville, and Springfield— at the last two points being stationed two or more times, besides serving as Presiding Elder of the Paris, Danville, and Springfield Districts. The importance of the stations which he filled during his itinerant career served as evidence of his recognized ability and popularity as a preacher.

In July, 1861, he was appointed Chaplain of the Twenty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteers, at that time commanded by Ulysses S. Grant as Colonel, and, although he remained with the regiment only a few months, the friendship then established between him and the future com- mander of the armies of the Union lasted through their lives. This was shown by his appointment by President Grant, in 1869, to the position of Postmaster of the city of Springfield, which came to him as a personal compliment, being re- appointed four years afterwards and continuing in office eight years. After retiring from the Springfield postoffice, he occupied charges at Island Grove and Shelbyville, his death occurring at the latter place, July 29, 1879, as the result of an attack of paralysis some two weeks previous. Mr. Crane was married in 1847 to Miss Elizabeth Mayo, daughter of CoL J, Mayo — a prominent citizen of Edgar County, at an early day — his wife surviving him some twenty years. Rev. Charles A. Crane and Rev. Frank Crane, pastors of prominent Methodist churches in Boston and Chicago, are sons of the subject of this sketch.

DAWES, Charles Gates, Comptroller of the Treasury, was born at Marietta, Ohio, August 37, 1865; graduated from Marietta College in 1884, and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1886; worked at civil engineering during his vacations, finally becoming Chief Engineer of the Toledo & Ohio Railroad. Between 1887 and 1894 he was engaged in the practice of law at Lincoln, Neb., but afterwards became interested in the gas busi- ness in various cities, including Evanston, IlL, which became his home. In 1896 he took a lead- ing part in securing instructions by the Republi- can State Convention at Springfield in favor of the nomination of Mr. McKinley for the Presi- dency, and diu-ing the succeeding campaign served as a member of the National Republican Committee for the State of Illinois. Soon after the accession of President McKinley, he was appointed Comptroller of the Treasury, a position

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which he now holds. Mr. Dawes is the son of R. B. Dawes, a former Congressman from Ohio, and the great-grandson of Jlanasseh Cutler, who was an influential factor in the early history of the Northwest Territory, and has been credited with exerting a strong influence in shaping and securing the adoption of the Ordinance of 1787.

DISTIJf, (Col.) William L., former Depart- ment Commander of Grand Army of the Repub- lic for the State of Illinois, was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 9, 1843, his father being of English descent, while his maternal grandfather was a Colonel of the Polish Lancers in the army it the first Napoleon, who, after the exile of his leader, came to America, settling in Indiana. The father of the subject of this sketch settled at Keokuk, Iowa, where the son grew to manhood and in February, 1863. enlisted as a private in the Seventeenth Iowa Infantry, having been twice rejected previously on account of physical ail- ment. Soon after enlistment he was detailed for provost-marshal duty, but later took part with his regiment in the campaign in Alabama. He served for a time in the Fifteenth Army Corps, under Gen. John A. Logan, was subsequently detailed for duty on the Staff of General Rauni, and participated in the battles of Resaoa and Tilton, Ga. Having been captured in the latter, he was imprisoned successively at Jacksonville ^Ga.), Montgomery, Savannah, and finally at Andersonville. From the latter he succeeded in effecting his escape, but was recaptured and returned to that famous prison-pen. Having escaped a second time by assuming the name of a dead man and bribing the guard, he was again captured and imprisoned at various points in Mis- sissippi until exchanged about the time of the assassination of President Lincoln. He was then so weakened by his long confinement and scanty fare that he had to be carried on board the steamer on a stretcher. At this time he narrowly escaped being on board the steamer Sultana, which was blown up below Cairo, with 2,100 soldiers on board, a large proportion of whom lost their lives. After being mustered out at Daven- port, Iowa, June 28, 186.1, he was emploj-ed for a time on the Des Moines Valley Railroad, and as a messenger and route agent of the United States Express Company. In 1873 he established him- self in business in Quincy, 111., in which he proved very successful. Here he became prom- inent in local Grand Army circles, and, in 1890, was unanimously elected Commander of the Department of Illinois. Previous to this he had been an officer of the Illinois National Guard, and

served as Aid-de-Camp, with the rank of Colonel, on the staff of Governors Hamilton, Oglesbj' and Fifer. In 1897 Colonel Distin was appointed by President McKinley Surveyor-Gen- eral for the Territory of Alaska, a position which (1899) he still holds.

DUMMER, Henry E., lawyer, was born at Hallowell, Maine, April 9, 1808, was educated in Bowdoin College, graduating there in the class of 1827, after which he took a course in law at Cam- bridge Law School, and was soon after admitted to the bar. Then, having spent some two years in his native State, in 1832 he removed to Illinois, settling first in Springfield, where he remained six years, being for a part of the time a partner of John T. Stuart, who afterwards became the first partner in law of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Dum- mer had a brother, Richard William Dummer, who had preceded him to Illinois, living for a time in Jacksonville. In 1838 he removed to Beardstown, Cass County, which continued to be his home for more than a quarter of a century. During his residence there he served as Alder- man, City Attorney and Judge of Probate for Cass County ; also represented Cass County in the Constitutional Convention of 1847, and, in 1860, was elected State Senator in tlie Twenty-second General Assembly, serving four years. Mr. Dummer was an earnest Republican, and served that party as a delegate for the State-at-large to the Convention of 1864, at Baltimore, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency a second time. In 1864 he removed to Jackson- ville, and for the next year was the law partner of David A. Smith, until the death of the latter in 1865. In the summer of 1878 Mr. Dummer went to Mackinac, Mich. , in search of health, but died there August 13 of that year.

ECKELS, James H., ex-Comptroller of the Currency, was born of Scotch-Irish parentage at Princeton, 111., Nov. 22, 1858, was educated in the common schools and the high school of his native town, graduated from the Law School at Albanj-, N. Y., in 1881, and the following year began practice at Ottawa, 111. Here he con- tinued in active practice until 1893, when he was appointed by President Cleveland Comptroller of the Currency, serving until May 1, 1898, when he resigned to accept the presidency of the Com- mercial National Bank of Chicago. Mr. Eckels manifested such distinguished ability in the dis- charge of his duties as Comptroller that he received the notable complimelit of being retained in office by a Republican administration more than a year after the retirement of Presi-

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dent Cleveland, while his selection for a place at the head of one of the leading banking institu- tions of Chicago was a no less marked recognition of his abilities as a financier. He was a Delegate from the Eleventh District to the National Democratic Convention at Chicago in 1893, and represented the same district in the Gold Demo- cratic Convention at Indianapolis in 1890, and assisted in framing the platform tliere adopted — which indicated his views on the financial ques- tions involved in that campaign. Died Apr. 14, 1908. FIELD, Daniel, early merchant, was born in Jefferson County, Kentucky, Nov. 30, 1790, and settled at Golconda, 111., iu 1818, dying there in 1855. He was a man of great enterprise, engaged in merchandising, and became a large land- holder, farmer and stock-grower, and an extensive shipper of stock and produce to lower Mississippi markets. He married Elizabeth Dailey of Charleston, Ind., and raised a large family of children, one of whom, Philip D., became Sheriff t while another, John, was County Judge of Pope County. His daughter, Maria, married Gen. Green B. Raum, who became prominent as a soldier during the Civil War and, later, as a mem- ber of Congress and Commissioner of Internal Eevenue and Pension Commissioner in Wash- ington.

FIELD, Green B., member of a pioneer family, was born within the present limits of the State of Indiana in 1787, served as a Lieutenant in the War of 1812, was married in Bourbon County, Kentucky, to Miss Mary E. Cogswell, the daughter of Dr. Joseph Cogswell, a soldier of the Revolutionary War, and, in 1817, removed to Pope County, Illinois, where he laid off the town of Golconda, which became the county-seat. He served as a Representative from Pope County in the First General Assembly (1818-20), and was the father of Juliet C. Field, who became the wife of John Raum; of Edna Field, the wife of Dr. Tarlton Dunn, and of Green B. Field, who was a Lieutenant in Third Regiment Illinois Volunteers during the Mexican War. Mr. Field was the grandfather of Gen. Green B. Raum, mentioned in the preceding paragraph. He died of yellow fever in Louisiana in 1823.

GALE, Stephen Francis, first Chicago book- eeller and a railway promoter, was born at Exeter, N. H., March 8, 1812; at 15 years of age became clerk in a leading book-store in Boston; came to Chicago in 1835, and soon afterwards opened the first book and stationery establish- ment in that city, which, in after years, gained an extensive trade. In 1843 the firm of S. F.

Gale & Co. was organized, but Mr. Gale, having become head of the Chicago Fire Department, retired from business in 1845 As early as 1846 lie was associated with Wm. B. Ogden and John B. Turner in the steps then being taken to revive the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad (now a part of the Chicago & Northwestern), and, in conjunction with these gentlemen, became responsible for the means to purchase tlie cliarter and assets of the road from the Eastern bond- holders. Later, he engaged in the construction of the branch road from Turner Juncfiion to Aurora, became President of the line 8md ex- tended it to Mendota to connect with the Illinois Central at that Point. These roads aft<irwards became a part of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy line. A number of years ago Mr. Gale returned to his old home in New Hanii^shire, where he has since resided.

HAY, John, early settler, came to the region of Kaskaskia between 1790 and 1800, and became a prominent citizen of St. Clair County. He was selected as a member of the First Legislative Council of Indiana Territory for St. Clair County in 1805. In 1809 he was appointed Clerk of the Common Pleas Court of St. Clair County, and was continued in office after the organization of the State Government, serving until his death at Belleville in 1845.

HAYS, John, pioneer settler of Northwest Ter- ritory, was a native of New York, who came to Cahokia, in the "Illinois Country," in 1793, and lived tliere the remainder of his life. His early life had been spent in the fur-trade about Macki- nac, in the Lake of the Woods region and about the sources of the Mississippi. During the War of 1813 he was aljle to furnish Governor Edwards valuable information in reference to the Indians in the Northwest. He filled the office of Post- master at Cahokia for a number of years, and was Sheriff of St. Clair County from 1798 to 1818.

MOULTOX, (Col.) George M., soldier and building contractor, was born at Readsburg, Vt., Mai'ch 15, 1851, came early in life to Chicago, and was educated in the schools of that city. By pro- fession he is a contractor and builder, the firm of which he is a member having been connected with the construction of a number of large build- ings, including some extensive grain elevators. Colonel Jloulton became a member of the .Second Regiment Illinois National Guard in June, 1884, being elected to the office of Major, which he retained until January, 1893, when he was appointed Inspector of Rifle Practice on the staff of General Wheeler. A year later he was con>

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missioned Colonel of the regiment, a position which he occupied at the time of the call by the President for troops to serve in the Spanish- American War in April, 1898. He promptly answered the call, and was sworn into the United States service at the head of his regiment early in May. The regiment was almost immediately ordered to Jacksonville, Fla., remaining there and at Savannah, Ga., imtil earlj' in December, when it was transferred to Havana, Cuba. Here he was soon after appointed Chief of Police for the city of Havana, remaining in office until the middle of January, 1899, when he returned to his regiment, then stationed at Camp Columbia, near the city of Havana. In the latter part of March he returned with his regiment to Augusta, Ga., where it was mustered out, April 26, 1899, one year from the date of its arrival at Springfield. After leaving the service Colonel Moulton resumed his business as a contractor.

SHERMAN, Lawrence T., legislator and Speaker of the Forty-first General Assembly, was born in Miami County, Ohio, Nov. 6, 1858 ; at 3 years of age came to Illinois, his parents settling at Industry, MoDonough County. "When he had reached the age of 10 years he went to Jasper Coimty, where he grew to manhood, received his education in the common schools and in the law

department of McKendree College, graduating from the latter, and, in 1881, located at Macomb, McDonough Count)-. Here he began his career by driving a team upon the street iu order to accumulate means enabling him to devote his entire attention to his chosen profession of law. He soon took an active interest in politics, was elected County Judge in 1886, and, at the expira- tion of his term, formed a partnership with George D. Tunniclitfe and D. G. Tunniclifle, ex-Justice of the Supreme Court. In 1894 he was a candidate for tlie Republican nomination for Representative in the General Assembly, but withdrew to prevent a split in the party; was nominated and elected in 1896, and re-elected in 1898, and, at the succeeding session of the Forty-first General Assembly, was nominated by the Republican caucus and elected Speaker, as he was again of the Forty -second in 1901.

VINYARD, Philip, early legislator, was born in Pennsylvania in 1800, came to Illinois at an early day, and settled in Pope County, which he represented in the lower branch of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth General Assemblies. He married Miss Matilda McCoy, the daughter of a prominent Illinois pioneer, and served as Sheriff of Pope County for a number of years. Died, at Gfol- conda, in 1863.

SUPPLEMENT NO. II.

BLACK HAWK WAR, THE. The episode known in history under the name of "The Black Hawk War," was the most formidable conflict between the whites and Indians, as well as the most far-reaching in its results, that ever oc- curred upon the soil of Illinois. It takes its name from the Indian Chief, of the Sac tribe. Black Hawk (Indian name, Makatai Meshekia- kiak, meaning "Black Sparrow Hawk"), who was the leader of the hostile Indian band and a principal factor in the struggle. Black Hawk had been an ally of the British during the War of 1812-15, served with Tecumseh when the lat- ter fell at the battle of the Thames in 1813, and, after the war, continued to maintain friendly re- lations with his " British father."' The outbreak

in Illinois had its origin in the construction put upon the treaty negotiated by Gen. William Henry Harrison with the Sac and Fox Indians on behalf of the United States Government, No- vember 3, 1804, under which the Indians trans- ferred to the Government nearly 15,000,000 acres of land comprising the region lying between the Wisconsin River on the north, Fox River of Illi- nois on the east and southeast, and the Mississippi on the west, for which the Government agreed to pay to the confederated tribes less than 52,500 in goods and the insignificant sum of $1,000 per an- num in perpetuity. While the validity of the treaty was denied on the part of the Indians on the ground that it had originally been entered into by their chiefs under duress, while held as prisoners

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under a charge of murder at Jefferson Barracks, during which they had been kept in a state of con- stant intoxication, it had been repeatedly reaf- firmed by parts or all of the tribe, especially in 1815, in 1816, in 1822 and in 1823, and finally recog- nized by Black Hawk himself in i831. The part of the treaty of 180-1 which was the immediate cause of the disagreement was that which stipulated that, so long as the lands ceded under it remained the property of the United States (that is, should not be transferred to private owners), ' 'the Indians belonging to the said tribes shall enjoy the priv- ilege of living or hunting upon them." Al- though these lands had not been put upon the market, or even surveyed, as "squatters" multi- plied in this region little respect was paid to the treaty rights of the Indians, particularly with reference to those localities where, by reason of fertility of the soil or some other natural advan- tage, the Indians had established something like permanent homes and introduced a sort of crude cultivation. This was especially the case with reference to the Sac village of "Saukenuk" on the north bank of Rock River near its mouth, where the Indians, when not absent on the chase, had lived for over a century, had cultivated fields of corn and vegetables and had buried their dead. In the early part of the la.st century, it is estimated that some five hundred families had been accustomed to congregate here, making it the largest Indian village in the West. As early as 1823 the encroachments of squatters on the rights claimed by the Indians under the treaty of 180-4 began; their fields were taken possession of by the intruders, their lodges burned and their women and children whipped and driven away during the absence of the men on their annual hunts. The dangers resulting from these con- flicts led Governor Edwards, as early as 1828, to demand of the General Government the expul- sion of the Indians from Illinois, which resulted in an order from President Jackson in 1829 for their removal west of the Mississippi. On appli- cation of Col. George Davenport, a trader of much influence with the Indians, the time was extended to April 1, 1830. During the preceding year Colonel Davenport and the firm of Davenport and Farnham bought from the United States Gov- ernment most of the lands on Rock River occupied by Black Hawk's band, with the intention, as has been claimed, of permitting the Indians to remain. This was not so understood by Black Hawk, who was greatly incensed, although Davenport offered to take other lands from the Government in ex- change or cancel the sale — an arrangement to

which President Jackson would not consent. On their return in the spring of 1830, the Indians found whites in possession of their village. Pre- vented from cultivating their fields, and their annual hunt proving unsuccessful, the following winter proved for them one of great hardship. Black Hawk, having made a visit to his " British father" (the British Agent) at Maiden, Canada, claimed to have received words of sympathy and encouragement, which induced him to determine to regain possession of their fields. In this he was encouraged by Neapope, his second in com- mand, and by assurance of support from White Cloud, a half Sac and half Winnebago — known also as " The Prophet " — whose village (Prophet's Town) was some forty miles from the mouth of Rock River, and through whom Black Hawk claimed to have leceived promises of aid in guns, ammunition and provisions from the British. The reappearance of Black Hawk's band in the vicinity of his old haunts, in the spring of 1831, produced a wild panic among the frontier settlers. Messages were hurried to Governor Reynolds, who had succeeded Governor Edwards in De- cember previous, appealing for protection against the savages. The Governor issued a call for 70G volunteers "to remove the band of Sac Indians " at Rock Island beyond the Mississippi. Al- though Gen. E. P. Gaines of the regular army, commanding the military district, thought the regulars sufficiently strong to cope with the situa- tion, the Governor's proclamation was responded to by more than twice the number called for. The volunteers assembled early in June, 1831, at Beardstown, the place of rendezvous named in the call, and having been organized into two regi- ments under command of Col. James D. Henrj and Col. Daniel Lieb, with a spy battalion under Gen. Joseph Duncan, marched across the country and, after effecting a junction with General Gaines' regulars, appeared before Black Hawk's village on the 2.5th of June. In the meantime General Gaines, having learned that the Pottawatomies, Winnebagos and Kickapoos had promised to join the Sacs in their uprising, asked the assistance of the battalion of mounted men previously offered by Governor Reynolds. The combined armies amounted to 2,500 men, while the fighting force of the Indians was 300. Finding himself over- whelmingly outnumbered, Black Hawk withdrew under cover of night to the west side of the Missis- sippi. After burning the village. General Gaines notified Black Hawk of his intention to pursue and attack his band, which had the effect zo bring the fugitive chief to the General's head-

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quarters, -where, on June 30, a new treaty was entered into by which he bound himself and his people to remain west of the Mississippi unless permitted to return by the United States. This ended the campaign, and the volunteers returned to their homes, although the affair had produced an intense excitement along the whole frontier, and involved a heavy expense.

The next winter was spent by Black Hawk and his band on the site of old Fort Madison, in the present State of Iowa. Dissatisfied and humil- iated by his repulse of the previous year, in disre- gard of his pledge to General Gaines, on April 6, 1832, at the head of 500 warriors and their fam- ilies, he again crossed the Mississippi at Yel- low Banks about the site of the present city of Oquawka, fifty miles below Rock Island, with the intention, ag claimed, if not permitted to stop at his old village, to proceed to the Prophet's Town and raise a crop with the Winnebagoes. Here he was met by The Prophet with renewed assurances of aid from the Winnebagoes, which was still further strengthened by promises from the Brit- ish Agent received through a visit by Neapope to Maiden the previous autumn. An incident of this Invasion was the effective warning given to the white settlers by Shabona. a friendly Ottawa chief, which probably had the effect to prevent a widespread massacre. Besides the towns of Galena and Chicago, the settlements in Illinois north of Fort Clark (Peoria) were limited to some thirty families on Bureau Creek with a few cabins at Hennepin, Peru, LaSalle, Ottawa, In- dian Creek, Dixon, Kellogg's Grove, Apple Creek, and a few other points. Gen. Henry Atkinson, commanding the regulars at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island), having learned of the arrival of Black Hawk a week after he crossed the Missis- sippi, at once took steps to notify Governor Rey- nolds of the situation with a requisition for an adequate force of militia to cooperate with the regulars. Under date of April 16, 1832, the Gov- ernor issued his call for ' 'a strong detachment of militia " to meet by April 22, Beardstown again being named as a place of rendezvous. The call resulted in the assembling of a force which was organized into four regiments under command of Cols. John DeWitt, Jacob Fr_y, John Thomas and Samuel M. Thompson, together with a spy bat- talion under Maj. James D. Henry, an odd bat- talion under Maj. Thomas James and a foot battalion under Maj. Thomas Long. To these were subsequently added two independent battalions of mounted men, under command of Majors Isaiah Stillmau and David Bailey, which were

finally consolidated as the Fifth Regiment undet command of Col. James Johnson. The organiza- tion of the first four regiments at Beardstown was completed by April 27, and the force under command of Brigadier-General Whiteside (but accompanied by Governor Reynolds, who was allowed pay as Major General by the General Government) began its march to Fort Armstrong, arriving there May 7 and being mustered into the United States service. Among others accompany- ing the expedition who were then, or afterwards became, noted citizens of the State, were Vital Jarrot, Adjutant-General; Cyrus Edwards, Ord- nance Officer; Murray McConnel, Staff Officer, and Abraham Lincoln. Captain of a company of volunteers from Sangamon County in the Fourth Regiment. Col. Zachary Taylor, then commander of a regiment of regulars, arrived at Fort Arm- strong about the same time with reinforcements from Fort Leavenworth and Fort Crawford. The total force of militia amounted to 1,935 men, and of regulars about 1,000. An interesting story is told concerning a speech delivered to the volun- teers by Colonel Taylor about this time. After reminding them of their duty to obey an order promptly, the future hero of the Mexican War added: "The safet}' of all depends upon the obe- dience and courage of all. You are citizen sol- diers; some of you may fill high offices, or even be Presidents some day — but not if you refuse to do your duty. Forward, march!" A curious com- mentary upon this speech is furnished in the fact that, while Taylor himself afterwards became President, at least one of his hearers — a volunteer who probably then had no aspiration to that dis- tinction (Abraham Lincoln) — reached the same position during the most dramatic period in the nation's history.

Two days after the arrival at Fort Armstrong, the advance up Rock River began, the main force of the volunteers proceeding by land under Gen- eral Whiteside, while General Atkinson, with 400 regular and 300 volunteer foot soldiers, pro- ceeded by boat, carrying with him the artillery, provisions and bulk of the baggage. Whiteside, advancing by the east bank of the river, was the first to arrive at the Prophet's Town, wliich, finding deserted, he pushed on to Dixon's Ferr^^ (now Dixon), where he arrived May 12. Here he found the independent battalions of Stillman and Bailey with ammunition and supplies of which Whiteside stood in need. The mounted battalions under command of Major Stillman, having been Bent forward by Whiteside as a scouting party, left DiiMi on the 13th and, on the afternoon of

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the next day, vrent into camp in a strong positign near the mouth of Sycamore Creek. As soon dis- covered, Black Hawk was in camp at the same time, as he afterwards claimed, with about forty of his braves, on Sycamore Creek, three miles distant, while the greater part of his band were en- camped with the more war-like faction of the Pot- tawatomies some seven miles farther north on the Kishwaukee River. As claimed by Black Hawk in his autobiography, having been disappointed in his expectation of forming an alliance with the Winnebagoes and the Pottawatomies, he had at this juncture determined to return to the west side of the Mississippi. Hearing of the arrival of Stillman's command in the vicinity, and taking it for granted that this was the whole of Atkin- son's command, he sent out three of his young men with a white flag, to arrange a parley and convey to Atkinson his offer to meet the latter in council. These were captured by some of Still- man's band regardless of their flag of truce, while a partj' of five other braves who followed to ob- serve the treatment received by the flagbearers, were attacked and two of their number killed, the the other three escaping to their camp. Black Hawk learning the fate of his truce party was aroused to the fiercest indignation. Tearing the flag to pieces with which he had intended to go into council with the whites, and appealing to his followers to avenge the murder of their comrades, he prepared for the attack. The rangers num- bered 275 men, while Black Hawk's band has been estimated at less than forty. As the rangers caught sight of the Indians, they rushed forward in pell-mell fashion. Retiring behind a fringe of bushes, the Indians awaited tlie attack. As the rangers approached. Black Hawk and his party rose up with a war whoop, at the same time opening fire on their assailants. The further history of the affair was as much of a disgrace to Stillman's command as had been their desecra- tion of the flag of truce. Thrown into panic by their reception by Black Hawk's little band, the rangers turned and, without firing a shot, began the retreat, dashing through their own camp and abandoning everything, which fell into the hands of the Indians. An attempt was made by one or two officers and a few of their men to check the retreat, but without success, the bulk of the fu- gitives continuing their mad rush for safety through the night until they reached Dixon, twenty-five miles distant, while many never stopped until they reached their homes, forty or fifty miles distant. The casualties to the rangers amounted to eleven killed and two

wounded, while the Indian loss consisted of t'A'o spies and one of the flag-bearers, treacherously killed near Stillman's camp, ihis ill-starred af- fair, which has passed into history as "Stillman's defeat," produced a general panic along the fron- tier by inducing an exaggerated estimate of the strength of the Indian force, while it led Elack Hawk to form a poor opinion of the courage cf the white troops at the same time that it led to an exalted estimate of the prowess of his own little band — thus becoming an important factor in prolonging the war and in the bloody massacres •which followed. Whiteside, with his force of 1,400 men, advanced to the scene of the defeat, the next day and buried the dead, while on the 19th, Atkinson, with his force of regulars, pro- ceeded up Rock River, leaving the remnant of Stillman's force to guard the wounded and sup- plies at Dixon. No sooner had he left than the demoralized fugitives of a few days before de- serted their post for their homes, compelling At- kinson to return for the protection of his base of supplies, while Whiteside was ordered to follow the trail of Black Hawk who had started up the Kishwaukee for the swamijs about Lake Kosh- konong, nearly west of Milwaukee within the present State of Wisconsin.

At this point the really active stage of the campaign began. Black Hawk, leaving the women and children of his band in the fastnesses of the swamps, divided his followers into two bands, retaining about 200 under his own com- mand, while the notorious half-breed, Mike Girty, led aband of one hundred renegadePottawatomies. Returning to the vicinity of Rock Island, he gathered some recruits from the Pottawatomies and W^innebagoes, and the work of rapine and massacre among the frontier settlers began. One of the most notable of these was the Indian Creek Massacre in LaSalle County, about twelve miles north of Ottawa, on May 21, when sixteen persons vrere killed at the Home of William Davis, and two young girls — Sylvia and Rachel Hall, aged, respectively, 17 and 15 years — were carried away captives. The girls were subse- quently released, having been ransomed for $2,000 in horses and trinkets through a Winnebago Chief and surrendered to sub-r..T;ent Henry Gratiot, Great as was the emergency at this juncture, the volunteers began to manifest evi- dence of dissatisfaction and, claiming that they had served out their term of enlistment, refused to follow the Indians into the swamps of Wis- consin. As the result of a council of war, the volunteers were ordered to Ottawa, where they

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■were mustered out on May 28, by Lieut. Robt. Anderson, afterwards General Anderson of Fort Sumter fame. Meanwhile Governor Reynolds had issued his call (Tvith that of 1831 the third,) for 2,000 men to serve during the war. Gen. Winfield Scott was also ordered from the East with 1,000 regulars although, owing to cholera breaking out among tlie troops, they did not arrive in time to take part in the campaign. The rank and file of volunteers responding under the new call was 3,148, with recruits and regulars then in Illinois making an army of 4,000. Pend- ing the arrival of the troops under the new call, and to meet an immediate emergency, 300 men were enlisted from the disbanded rangers for a period of twenty days, and organized into a regiment under command of Col. Jacob Fry, with James D. Henry as Lieutenant Colonel and John Thomas as Major. Among those who en- listed as privates in this regiment were Brig.- Gen. Whiteside and Capt. Abraham Lincoln. A regiment of five companies, numbering 19.5 men, from Putnam County under command of Col. John Strawn, and another of eight companies from Vermilion County under Col. Isaac R. Moore, were organized and assigned to guard duty for a period of twenty days.

The new volunteers were rendezvoused at Fort Wilbourn, nearly opposite Peru, June Li, and organized into three brigades, each consisting of three regiments and a spy battalion. The First Brigade (915 strong) was placed under command of Brig. -Gen. Alexander Posey, the Second under Gen. Milton K. Alexander, and the third under Gen. James D. Henry. Others who served as officers in some of these several organizations, and afterwards became prominent in State his- tory, were Lieut. -Col. Gurdon S. Hubbard of the Vermilion Covmty regiment; John A. McClern- and, on the staff of General Posey; Maj. John Dement ; then State Treasurer ; Stinson H. Ander- son, afterwards Lieutenant-Governor: Lieut. - Gov. Zadoc Casey; Maj., William McHenry; Sidney Breese (afterwards Judge of the State Supreme Court and United States Senator) ; W. L. D. Ewing (as Major of a spy battalion, after- wards United States Senator and State Auditor) ; Alexander W. Jenkins (afterwards Lieutenant- Governor) ; James W. Semple (afterwards United States Senator) ; and William Weatherford (after- wards a Colonel in the Mexican War), and many more. Of the Illinois troops, Posey's brigade was assigned to the duty of dispersing the Indians between Galena and Rock River, Alexander's sent to intercept Black Hawk up the Rock River,

while Henry's remained with Gen. Atkinson at Dixon. During the next two weeks engage- ments of a more or less serious charactei « ere had on the Pecatonica on the southern border of the present State of Wisconsin ; at Apple River Fort fourteen miles east of Galena, which was successfully defended against a force under Black Hawk himself, and at Kellogg's Grove the next day (June 2.5), when the same band ambushed Maj. Dement's spy battalion, and cami near in- flicting a defeat, which was prevented by Demenfs coolness and the timely arrival of re- inforcements. In the latter engagement the whites lost five killed besides 47 horses which had been tethered outside their lines, the loss of the Indians being sixteen killed. Skirmishes also occurred with varying results, at Plum River Fort, Burr Oak Grove, Sinsiuiwa and Blue Mounds — the last two within the present State of Wisconsin.

Believing the bulk of the Indians to be camped in the vicinit}- of Lake Koshkonong, General Atkinson left Dixon June 27 with a combined force of regulars and volunteers numbering 2,600 men — the volunteers being under the command of General Henry. They reached the outlet of the Lake July 2, but found no Indians, being joined two days later by General Alexander'sbrigade.and on the 6th by Gen. Posey's. From here the com- mands of Generals Henry and Alexander were sent for supplies to Fort Winnebago, at the Port- age of the Wisconsin ; Colonel Ewing, with the Second Regiment of Posey's brigade descending Rock River to Dixon, Posey with the remainder, going to Fort Hamilton for the protection of settlers in the lead-mining region, while Atkin- son, advancing with the regulars up Lake Koshko- nong, began the erection of temporary fortifica- tions on Bark River near the site of the present village of Fort Atkinson. At Fort Winnebago Alexander and Henry obtained evidence of the actual location of Black Hawk's camp through Pierre Poquette, a half-breed scout and trader in the employ of the American Fur Company, whom they employed with a number of Winne- bagos to act as guides. From this point Alex- ander's command returned to General Atkinson's headquarters, carrying with them twelve daj-'s provisions for the main army, while General Henry's (600 strong), with Major Dodge's battalion numbering 1.50, with an equal quantity of supplies for themselves, started under the guidance of Poquette and his Winnebago aids to find Black Hawk's camp. Arriving on the 18th at the Winnebago village on Rock River where Black

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Hawk and his band had been located, their camp was found deserted, the Winnebagos insisting that they had gone to Cranberrj- ( now Horicon) Lake, a lialf-day's march up the river. Messen- gers were immediately dispatched to Atkinson's headquarters, thirty-five miles distant, to ap- prise him of this fact. When they had proceeded about half the distance, they struck a broad, fresh trail, which proved to be that of Black Hawk's band headed westward toward the Mis- sissippi. The guide having deserted them in order to warn his tribesmen that further dis- sembling to deceive the whites as to the whereabouts of the Sacs was use- less, the messengers were compelled to follow him to General Henry's camp. The discovery pro- duced the wildest enthusiasm among the volun- teers, and from this time-events followed in rapid succession. Leaving as far as possible all incum- brances behind, the pursuit of the fii^uives was begun without delay, the troops wading through swamps sometimes in water to their armpits. Soon evidence of the character of the flight the Indians were making, in the shape of exhausted horses, blankets, and camp equipage cast aside along the trail, began to appear, and straggling bands of Winnebagos, who had now begun to desert Black Hawk, gave information that the Indians were only a few miles in advance. On the evening of the 20th of July Henry's forces encamped at "The Four Lakes," the present site of the city of Madison, Wis. , Black Hawk's force lying in ambush the same night seven or eight miles distant. During the next afternoon the rear-guard of the Indians under Neapope was overtaken and skirmishing continued until the bluffs of the Wisconsin were reached. Black Hawk's avowed object was to protect the passage of the main body of his people across the stream. The loss of the Indians in these skirmishes has been estimated at 40 to 68, while Black Hawk claimed that it was only six killed, the loss of the whites being one killed and eight wounded. During the night Black Hawk succeeded in placing a considerable number of the women and jhildren and old men on a raft and in canoes obtained from the Winnebagos, and sent them down the river, believing that, as non-combat- ants, they would be permitted by the regulars to pass Fort Crawford, at the mouth of the Wis- consin, undisturbed. In this he was mistaken. A force sent from the fort under Colonel Ritner to intercept them, iired mercilessly upon the help- less fugitives, killing fifteen of their number, while about fifty were drowned and thirty-two

women and children made prisoners. The re- mainder, escaping into the woods, with few ex- ceptions died from starvation and exposure, or were massacred bj' their enemies, the Menomi- nees, acting under white officers. During the night after the battle of Wisconsin Heights, a loud, shrill voice of some one speaking in an un- known tongue was heard in the direction where Black Hawk's band was supposed to be. This caused something of a panic in Henry's camp, as it was supposed to come from some one giving orders for an attack. It was afterwards learned that the speaker was Neapope speaking in the Winnebago language in the hope that he might be heard by Poquotte and the Winnebago guides. He was describing the helpless condition of his people, claiming that the war had been forced upon them, that their women and children were starving, and that, if permitted peacefully to re- cross the Mississippi, they would give no further trouble. Unfortunately Poquette and the other guides had left for Fort Winnebago, so that no one was there to translate Neapope's appeal and it failed of its object.

General Henry's force having discovered that the Indians had escaped — Black Hawk heading with the bulk of his warriors towards the Mississippi — spent the next and day night on the field, but on the following day (July 23) started to meet General Atkinson, who had, in the meantime, been noti- fied of the pursuit. The head of their columns met at Blue Mounds, the same evening, a com- plete junction between the regulars and the volunteers being effected at Helena, a deserted village on the Wisconsin. Here by using the logs of the deserted cabins for rafts, the army crossed the river on the 27th and the 28th and the pursuit of black Hawk's fugitive band was re- newed. Evidence of their famishing condition was found in the trees stripped of bark for food_ the carcasses of dead ponies, with here and there the dead body of an Indian.

On August 1, Black Hawk's depleted and famish- ing band reached the Mississippi two miles below the mouth of the Bad Ax, an insignificant stream, and immediately began trying to Cross the river ; but having only two or three canoes, the work was slow. About the middle of the afternoon the steam transport, "Warrior," ap- peared on the scene, having on board a score of regulars and volunteers, returning from a visit to the village of the Sioux Chief, Wabasha, to notify him that his old enemies, the Sacs, were headed in that direction. Black Hawk raised the white flag in token of surrender but the oflSoer

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in command claiming that he feared treachery or an ambush, demanded that Black Hawk should come on board. This he was unable to do, as he had no canoe. After waiting a few minutes a murderous fire of canister and musketry was opened from the steamer on the few Indians on shore, who made such feeble resistance as they were able. The result was the killing of one white man and twenty-three Indians. After this exploit the "Warrior" proceeded to Prairie du Chien, twelve or fifteen miles distant, for fuel. During the night a few more of the Indians crossed the river, but Black Hawk, seeing the hopelessness of further resistance, accompanied by the Prophet, and taking with him a party of ten warriors and thirty-five squaws and children, fled in the direction of "the dells" of the Wis- consin . On the morning of the 2d General Atkinson arrived within four or five miles of the Sac position. Disposing his forces with the regulars and Colonel Dodge's rangersin the center, the brig- ades of Posey and Alexander on the right and Henry's on the left, he began the pursuit, but was drawn by the Indian decoys up the river from the place where the main body of the Indians were trying to cross the stream. This had the effect of leaving General Henry in the rear practically without orders, but it became the means of making liis command the prime factors in the climax which followed. Some of the spies attached to Henry's command having accidental- ly discovered the trail of the main body of the fu- gitives, he began the pursuit without waiting for orders and soon found himself engaged with some 300 savages, a force nearly equal to his own. It was here that the only thing like a regular battle occurred. The savages fought with the fury of despair, while Henry's force was no doubt nerved to greater deeds of courage by the insult which they conceived had been put upon them by Gen- eral Atkinson. Atkinson, hearing the battle in progress and discovering that he was being led off on a false scent, soon joined Henry's force with his main army, and the steamer " Warrior," arriving from Prairie du Chien, opened a fire of canister upon the pent-up Indians. The battle soon degenerated into a massacre. In the course of the three hours through which it lasted, it is es- timated that 150 Indians were killed by fire from the troops, an equal number of both sexes and all ages drowned while attempting to cross the river or by being driven into it, while about 50 (chiefly women and children) were made prison- ers. The los.s of the whites was 20 killed and 13 wounded. When the "battle" was nearing its

close it is said that Black Hawk, having repented the abandonment of his people, returned within sight of the battle-ground, but seeing the slaugh- ter in progress which he was powerless to avert, he turned and, with a howl of rage and horror, fled into the forest. About 300 Indians (mostly non- combatants) succeeded in crossing the river in a condition of exhaustion from hunger and fatigue, but these were set upon by the Sioux under Chief Wabasha, through the suggestion and agency of General Atkinson, and nearly one-half their num- ber exterminated. Of the remainder many died from wounds and exhaustion, while still others perished while attempting to reach Keokuk's band who had refused to join in Black Hawk's desper- ate venture. Of one thousand who crossed to the east side of the river with Black Hawk in April, it is estimated that not more than 150 survived the tragic events of the next four months.

General Scott, having arrived at Prairie du Chien early in August, assumed command and, on August 15, mustered out the volunteers at Dixon, 111. After witnessing the bloody climax at the Bad Axe of his ill-starred invasion, Black Hawk fled to the dells of the Wisconsin, where he and the Prophet surrendered themselves to the Win. nebagos, by whom they were delivered to the Indian Agent at Prairie du Chien. Having been taken to Fort Armstrong on September 21, he there signed a treaty of peace. Later he was taken to Jefferson Barracks (near St. Louis) in the custody of Jefferson Davis, then a Lieutenant in the regular army, where he was held a captive during the following winter. The connection of Davis with the Black Hawk War, mentioned by many historians, seems to have been confined to this act. In April, 1833, with the Prophet and Neapope, he was taken to Washington and then to Fortress Monroe, where they were detained as prisoners of war until June 4, when they were released. Black Hawk, after being taken to many principal cities in order to impress him with the strength of the American nation, was brought to Fort Armstrong, and there committed to the guardianship of his rival, Keokuk, but survived this humiliation only a few years, dying on a small reservation set apart for him in Davis County, Iowa, October 3, 1838.

Such is the story of the Black Hawk War, the most notable struggle with the aborigines in Illi- nois history. At its beginning both the State and national authorities were grossly misled by an exaggerated estimate of the strength of Black Hawk's force as to numbers and his plans for recovering the site of his old village, while

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

615

Black Hawk had conceived a low estimate of the numbers and courage of his white enemies, es- pecially after the Stillman defeat. The cost of the war to the State and nation in money has been estimated at §2,000,000, and in sacrifice of life on both sides at not less than 1,200. The loss of life by the troops in irregular skirmishes, and in massacres of settlers by the Indians, aggregated about 250, while an equal number of regulars perished from a visitation of cholera at the various stations within the district affected by the war, especially at Detroit, Chicago, Fort Armstrong and Galena. Yet it is the judgment of later historians that nearly all this sacrifice of life and treasure might have been avoided, but for a series of blunders due to the blind or un- scrupulous policy of olBcials or interloping squat- ters upon lands which the Indians had occupied under the treaty of 1804. A conspicious blunder — to call it by no harsher name — ■ was the violation by Stillman's command of the rules of civilized warfare in the attack made upon Black Hawk's messengers, sent under flag of truce to request a conference to settle terms under which he might return to the west side of the Mississippi — an act which resulted in a humiliating and disgraceful defeat for its authors and proved the first step in actual war. Another misfortune was the failure to understand Neapope's appeal for peace and permission for his people to pass beyond the Mississippi the night after the battle of Wisconsin Heights; and the third and most inexcusable blunder of all, was the refusal of the oflicer in command of the "Warrior " to respect Black Hawk's flag of truce and request for a conference just before the bloody massacre which has gone into history under the name of the '' battle of the Bad Axe." Either of these events, properly availed of, would have prevented much of the butchery of that bloody episode which has left a stain upon the page of history, although this statement implies no disposition to detract from the patriotism and «;ourage of some of the leading actors upon whom ^he responsibility was placed of protecting the frontier settler from outrage and massacre. One of the features of the war was the bitter jealousy engendered by the unwise policy pursued by General Atkinson towards some of the volun- teers— especially the treatment of General James D. Henry, who, although subjected to repeated Blights and insults, is regarded by Governor Ford and others as the real liero of the war. Too brave a soldier to shirk any responsibility and too modest to exploit his own deeds, he felt

deeply the studied purpose of his superior to ignore him in the conduct of the campaign — a purpose which, as in the affair at the Bad Axe, was defeated by accident or by General Henry's soldierly sagacity and attention to duty, although he gave out to the public no utterance of com- plaint. Broken in health by the hardships and exposures of the campaign, he went South soon after the war and died of consumption, unknown and almost alone, in the city of New Orleans, less two years later.

Aside from contemporaneous newspaper ac- counts, monographs, and manuscripts on file in public libraries relating to this epoch in State history, the most comprehensive records of the Black Hawk War are to be found in the " Life of Black Hawk," dictated by himself (1834) ; Wake- field's "History of the War between the United States and the Sao and Fox Nations" (1834); Drake's" Life of Black Hawk" (1854); Ford's "History of Illinois" (1854); Reynolds' "Pio- neer History of Illinois; and ''My Own Times"; Davidson & Stuve's and Moses' Histories of Illi- nois; Blanchard's " The Northwest and Chicago" ; Armstrong's " The Sauks and the Black Hawk War," and Reuben G. Thwaite's "Story of the Black Hawk War" (1893.)

CHICAGO HEIGHTS, a village in the southern part of Cook County, twenty -eight miles south of the central part of Chicago, on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois, the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern and the Michigan Central Railroads; is located in an agricultural region, but has some manufactures as well as good schools — also has two weekly news- papers. Pop. (1900), 5,100; (1910), 14,525.

GRANITE CITY, in Madison County, located five miles north of St. Louis on the lines of the Burlington; the Chicago & Alton; Cleveland, Cincinuati, Chicago & St. Louis; Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis (Illinois), and the Wabash Railways. It is adjacent to the Merchants' Terminal Bridge across the Mississippi and has considerable manu- facturing and grain-storage business; has two newspapers. Pop. (1900), .3,122; (1910), 9,903.

ClCEROj a city and township of Cook County, adjacent to and west of the city of Chicago, and lies between Oak Park on the north and Berwyn on the south; is a popular residence section and has long resisted annexation to Chicago. Pop. (1910), 14,557.

FOREST PARK (formerly Harlem), a village and suburb of Chicago, on the line of the C. & N. W. R. R., 9 miles west of the terminal station; is a favorite residence section. Pop. (1910), 6,594.

HARVEY, a city of Cook County, and an im- portant manufacturing suburb of the city of Chi-

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HISTOEICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

cago, three miles southwest of the southern city limits. It is on the line of the Illinois Central and the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railways, and has extensive manufactures of harvesting, street and steam railway machinery, gasoline stoves, enameled ware, etc. ; also has one newspaper and ample school facilities. Population (1900), 5,395.

IOWA CENTRAL RAILWAY, a railway line having its principal termini at Peoria, 111., and Manly Junction, nine miles north of Mason City, Iowa, with several lateral branches making con- nections with Centerville, Newton, State Center, Story City, Algona and Northwood in the latter State. The total length of line owned, leased and operated by the Company, officially reported in 1899, was 508.98 miles, of which 89.76 miles- including 3.5 miles trackage facilities on the Peoria & Pekin Union between Iowa Junction and Peoria — were in Illinois. The Illinois divi- sion extends from Keithsburg — where it enters the State at the crossing of the Mississippi — to Peoria. — (History.) The Iowa Central Railway Company was originally chartered as the Central Railroad Company of Iowa and the road com- pleted in October, 1871. In 1873 it passed into the hands of a receiver and, on June 4, 1879, was reorganized under the name of the Central Iowa Railway Company. In May, 1883, this company purchased the Peoria & Farmington Railroad, which was incorporated into the main line, but defaulted and passed into the hands of a receiver December 1, 1886; the line was sold under fore- closure in 1887 and 1888, to the Iowa Central Railway Company, which had effected a new organization on the basis of §11,000,000 common stock, §6,000,000 preferred stock and 81,379,625 temporary debt certificates convertible into pre- ferred stock, and 87,500,000 first mortgage bonds. The transaction was completed, the receiver dis- charged and the road turned over to the new company, May 15, 1889.— (Financial). The total capitalization of the road in 1899 was §21,337,558, of which §14,159,180 was in stock, §6,650,095 in bonds and §528, 283 in other forms of indebtedness. The total earnings and income of the line in Illi- nois for the same year were §532,568, and the ex- penditures §566,333.

SPARTA, a city of Randolph County, situated on the Centralia & Chester and the Mobile & Ohio Railroads, twenty miles northwest of Ches- ter and fifty miles southeast of St. Louis. It has

a number of manufacturing establishments, in- cluding plow factories, a woolen mill, a cannery and creameries ; also has natural gas. The first settler was James McClurken, from South Caro- lina, who settled here in 1818. He was joined by James Armour a few years later, who bought land of McClurken, and together they laid out a village, which first received the name of Co- lumbus. About the same time Robert G. Shan- non, who had been conducting a mercantile busi- ness in the vicinity, located in the town and became the first Postmaster. In 1839 the name of the town was changed to Sparta. Mr. McClur- ken, its earliest settler, appears to have been a man of considerable enterprise, as he is credited with having built the first cotton gin in this vi- cinity, besides still later, erecting saw and flour mills and a woolen mill. Sparta was incorporated, as a village in 1837 and in 1859 as a city. A col- ony of members of the Reformed Presbyterian Church (Covenanters or "Seceders") established at Eden, a beautiful site about a mile from Sparta, about 1823, cut an important figure in the history of the latter place, as it became the means of attracting here an industrious and thriving population. At a later period it became one of the most important stations of the "Under- ground Railroad" (so called) in Illinois (which see). The population of Sparta (1890) was 1,979; (1900), 2,041; (1910) 3,081.

WEST FRANKFORT, a city of Franklin County, on the line of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Rail- road; is a rich coal mining region and has some manufactures. Pop. (1910), 2,111.

WITT, a city of Montgomerj' County on the " Big Four" and C. & E. I. R. R., 10 miles northeast of Hillsboro; in mining district. Pop. (1910), 2,170.

WEST HAMMOND, a village situated in the northeast corner of Thornton Township, Cook County, adjacent to Hammond, Ind., from which it is separated by the Indiana State line. It is on the Michigan Central Railroad, one mile south of the Chicago City limits, and has convenient ac- cess to several other lines, including the Chicago & Erie; New York, Chicago & St. Louis, and Western Indiana Railroads. Like its Indiana neighbor, it is a manufacturing center of much importance, was incorporated as a village in 1892, and has grown rapidly within the last few years, having a population, according to the cen- sus of 1900, of 3,933.

SUPPLEMENT NO. III.

DRAINAGE DITCHES AND LEVEES. The great agricultural district of lUiuois bas beeu immensely improved from the state of nature, by expensive drainage ditches and levees, or by the installation, in some instances, of pump- ing machinery. Millions of acres of former wet or overflowed lauds have thus been redeemed from swamps, sloughs or almost worthless river bottoms. In the years from 1870 to IST^i, the great Sny Island Levee and Drainage District of Adams, Pike and Calhoun counties, was im- proved by a levee 50 miles in length along the east bank of the Mississippi Elver. This stream called the Sny, or "Snycarte," which was really a bayou of the Mississippi River, flowed from an opening in that stream in Adams County, through the enormously rich valley lands lying between the Mississippi River and the parallel line of bluffs, and emptied itself into the main stream in C&lhoun County. Upon the organiza- tion of this drainage and levee district, a dam was constructed in Adams County at the head of the Sny, and by the building of the levee along the main river bank, all of the upper part of the bottom land of this large district was enclosed. The channel of the Suy was left open at the lower end and ordinary floods were car- ried off into the Mississippi thereby, and over 100,000 acres were thus preserved from over- flow. This work was constructed under drain- age laws which were supposed, under the con- stitution of 1S70. to give authority for the issue of bonds to be assessed upon the land benefited. After the completion of the work and the sale of the bonds, the courts decided the bonds were issued under a law which violated the constitu- tion of the state, and the $(300,000 worth of bonds were decided to be worthless and have proved a loss to their owners.

In 1S78, the people of Illinois adopted an amendment to the constitution, and in agree- ment with this carefully worded amendment, various acts of the legislature have since been

passed, and in accordance with some of these, this unfortunate district has been greatly im- proved. Under the different acts of the legisla- ture which have been enacted at various times, a great number of drainage and levee projects have beeu carried out and others are still being planned. Immense tracts of swamps and over- flowed lands, considered almost worthless by our early pioneers, have since been brought to a high state of cultivation and are now by far the richest farm lands in Illinois. Large areas of these wet lauds, once called sloughs, which yielded only coarse grass, reeds or rushes, have been improved by what are called "dredge ditches," excavated by powerful steam dredge boats.

The report of the State of Illinois Rivers and Lakes Commis.sion furnishes a tabulated list of all the drainage and levee districts in this state. It gives the titles of 50.5 of these dis- tricts, situated in 81 different counties, and embracing 2,857.000 acres, with enough more land under contract to bring the total much above .3,000,000 acres. There are 21 counties which do not report any ditches or levees. The cost of all this work is given at nearly $19,000,- 000. It includes 3,118 miles of open dredged ditches and 1,322 miles of levee. These 3,000,- 000 acres are easily worth $100 more per acre on account of the improvement by drainage and levees which, for the whole state, amounts to $.300,000,000. Nearly all of this additional value has come from the intelligent action of the voters of Illinois in the adoption of the drain- age amendment to our state constitution in 1S7S, supplemented as it was b.v the prompt and care- ful action of the state legislature.

The Cairo District, owned almost entirely by the Halliday family, consisting of 6.400 acres, is a sample of districts constructed on over- flowed river bottom land wholly surrounded by le\ees. and freed from water by powerful pump- ing machines. The Kaskaskia Island Drainage

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and Levee District is being constructed on this plan of plain levee construction. When com- pleted, it will contain about 11,000 acres of the Great American Bottom, wholly surrounded by a very high levee. The Mississipiii Kiver, in ISSl, broke through the Kaskaskia River a fen- miles above the old town of Kaskaskia, and has widened that stream so that the entire current from the Mississippi River flows through the en- larged channel, and the town has almost en- tirely disappeared. The old river channel around the west side of the island is now clo.sed, and the Kaskaskia Commons and Common Lands, amounting to about 11,000 acres, includ- ing some private property, under recent legisla- tion, are about to be Included in a district to be surrounded by a very high and costly levee, and powerful pumps will drain the enclosed area. Our drainage laws have been gradually adapted to a combination of land and sanitary drainage which will allow cities or villages or both, to be assessed for sanitary improvements in com- pany with adjacent or included territory, to be improved for agricultural purposes. It is al- most impossible, in general statements, to Indicate clearly all of the peculiar legal pro- visions for the various conditions of drainage required, all of which provisions have been based upon the constitutional amendment of 1S7S.

The Hillview Drainage and Levee District of Greene and Scott counties, may be taken as an illustration of a very common variety of dis- tricts which are peculiar to Illinois River bot- toms, although they can be found along the Mississippi and in other parts of the state. The Hillview district is about 7 miles long from north to south and 3 miles from east to west and contains 12..")00 acres of land. It lies on the east side of the Illinois River. Like many other river bottom districts, it formerly contained several lakes which had been leased to hunting and fishing club.s. Hurricane Creek in Greene County, which issues from the bluffs at Hill- view, is kept out of the district by the three- mile embankment of the Chicago & Alton Rail- road which forms the levee along the south side of the district. The Big Sandy Creek in Scott County, is leveed on both of its banks, carrying Its water out to the Illinois River, and the levee on the north bank forms the south levee of the next district in Scott County, while the levee on its south bank is the north levee of the Hillview district. The west levee of this district is along the west bank of the Illinois River while the

east side of the river consists entirely of high hills or bluffs. As none of the streams coming from these hills are very large, the flood waters of the district are quite easily handled by its pumiis. There are about 10 miles of small lateral dredge ditches conveying the drainage all to one main ditch and the pumping plant is located at its outlet. The whole assessment on the dl-strict, which included all exjienses, except- ing such tile drains as the land owner may desire, was in the neighborhood of $300,000, making an average assessment of about $2.j per acre. In this district, as in many others, there was quite a large area of practically waste land before the commencement of the work, and an- other very large area which had long been culti- vated and which possessed considerable value, its owners running the risk of occasional over- flows. Districts like the Hillview district are very common, especially along the Illinois River. Now that the flow of water from the Chicago Sanitary District has been quite fully estab- lished, it is believed that districts of ths char- acter combining very similar features with tho.se here illustrated, will prove to be of great permanent importance. The largest drainage project in this state, outside of Cook County, is the East Side Levee and Sanitary District of East St. Louis. It has been in process of or- ganization for several years and work has been in progress for over three years. It is about IS miles in length, and its western boundary is the levee along the Mississippi River, much of which is the old levee raised, enlarged and strength- ened. Its average width is 7 miles and it will enclo.se the cities of East St. Louis, Granite City and Venice, besides several villages.

Cahokia Creek, which is about 5.5 miles in length, with a drainage area of about 300 square miles, flows through the central portion of East St. Louis and has hitherto been an almost insuperable barrier to modern improvements. Xear the point where this large creek comes out of the bluffs and encounters the Great Amer- ican Bottom, quite a number of miles above Granite City, a large canal or outlet has been dredged to the Mississippi bank. It is 100 feet in width at the bottom and on its south bank has been thrown up a levee which will resist the Mississippi River at times of overflow, and forms the north levee of the district. The south levee will extend from the line of bluffs at the southeast corner of the district to its intersec- tion with the southwest corner of the district

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

619

at the river levee, at some distance below the old town of Cahokia. The east side of the district will consist of the uplands and bluffs outside of the lowlands upon which the cities and villages are situated. The drainage water from this high laud, and also from the old bed of Cahokia Creek, will be carried in a southerly direction near the line of upland, away from most of the area of the cities, draining some of the lakes and sloughs and having its lower end near the southwest corner, where will be situated the great pumping machinery. This ditch or canal starts at the northwest corner near where the Cahokia Creek is thrown outside of the north- east corner of the district. It will be SO feet] wide, and will carry all the surface water of the enclosed district, and will have lateral ditches and connections with the sewers, unless the dif- ferent cities have separate sewer connections near their several old outlets. The estimated cost of this immense undertaking Is over $6,000,- 000, and the work is one of untold importance to the region benefitted. The cities and villages included already contain a population of over 100,000 and are growing with great rapidity. The importance of this grand improvement can not at present be fully estimated.

J. H. BUBNHAM.

ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Beginning with 1827, various attempts were made to establish a state historical society in the state of Illinois, but all were short lived, however, until 1S99, when the present Illinois State Historical Society was organized. In re- sponse to a call signed by Judge Hiram W. Beckwith, Dr. Edmund Janes James and George N. Black, then trustees of the Illinois State His- torical Library, and J. H. Burnhani, E. M. Prince, George P. Davis, David McCulloch, and other citizens interested in historical work, a preliminary meeting was held at the t'niversity of Illinois. On May 2.3, 1000, the Illinois State Historical Society was chartered as a corpora- tion under the laws of the state. The objects of the society were thus set forth in the articles of incorporation : "To excite and stimulate a general interest in the history of Illinois; to encourage historical research and Investigation and to secure its promulgation ; to collect and preserve all forms of historical data in any way connected with Illinois and its peoples." Hon. Hiram W. Beckwith of Danville, 111.. served as president of the society from 1899 to

1903. He was succeeded by Dr. J. P. Snyder of Virginia, 111., who served until 1905, when he resigned and was succeeded by Gen. Alfred Orendorff, of Springfield. On the death of General Orendorff in 1909, Col. Clark E. Carr of Galesburg, 111., was elected as president and served in that capacity until 191o, when, on account of ill health he was made honorary president for life, and Dr. Otto L. Schmidt was elected president. The society has been served by the following as secretary: Evarts Boutell Greene, J. W. Putnam, J. J. McCan Davis, and its present secretary, Mrs. Jessie Palmer Weber.

By an act of the legislature approved May 16, 1903, a new section was added to the origi- nal act by which the State Historical Library was organized in 18S9. By the provisions of this section (60) the State Historical Society is declared to be a department of the Illinois State Historic-al Library and the board of trus- tees is authorized to pay certain expenses of the society out of funds appropriated by the legislature to the library for this puriHise. In accordance with the provision of this statute the General A.ssembly has, from time to time, made special appropriations for expenses for the State Historical Society.

The first annual meeting of the society was held in Peoria, 111., June 5-6, 1900. These an- nual meetings, which were comparatively small at the beginning, have grown in attendance and general interest until they now constitute an im- portant means of bringing together the scat- tered workers in this field from various parts of the state. The memliership in the society now numbers over sixteen hundred and in point of membership and interest it ranks as the largest historical society in the United States. When the societ.v was first organized the three trustees of the library were made directors and the president of the board was also made the president of the society. The society as now organized has a board of officers consisting of an honorary president, a president, four vice presidents and a board of directors of fifteen members, elected at the annual meeting of the society. The present officers of the society are : honorary president, Hon. Clark E. Carr, Gales- burg; president. Dr. Otto L. Schmidt, Chicago; first vice president, W. T. Xorton, Alton ; second vice president, L. Y. Sherman, Springfield ; third vice president, Richard Yates, Springfield ; fourth vice president, George A. Lawrence, Galesburg; secretary-treasurer, Mrs. Jessie

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Palmer Weber. The board of directors are : Edmuud J. James, Urbana-Champaigii ; J. H. Buruham, Bloomington ; E. B. Greene, Urbana- Champaign ; Mrs. Jessie Palmer Weber, Sijriug- fieid ; Charles II. Kammelkaiup, Jacksonville ; J. O. Cunuiugham, Urbaua ; George W. Smith, Car- boudale; William A. Meese, Moline; Richard V. Carpenter, Belvidere ; Edward C. Page, De- Kalb ; J. W. Clinton, Polo ; Andrew Riissel, Jacksonville ; Walter Col.ver, Albion ; James A. James, Evanston ; H. W. Clendenin, Springfield. The publications issued by the societj- are its "Transactions,"' which contain the papers read at the annual meetings and contributions to state history, and the Journal of the society, which was begun in April, lOOS, and it is now issued quarterly under the management of a committee. Sirs. Jessie Palmer Weber is chair- man of this committee and editor-in-chief of the Journal, being also secretary of the Histori- cal Society and librarian of the Illinois State Historical Library. Mrs. Weber has been ex- tremely helpful in maintaining a vital relation between the two organizations.

Jessie Palmer Weber.

THE ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL LI- BRARY was created by an act of the General Assembly of May 25, ISSO. The first board of trustees, consisting of Hiram W. Beckwith of Danville, Dr. Arthur Edwards of Chicago, and Edward F. Leonard of Peoria, organized Novem- ber 2."), 1SS9, by electing Mr. Beckwith jiresident, Mr. Leonard, secretary, and Miss Josephine P. Cleveland, librarian. Complying with a request made at the first meeting of. the board, the Secretary of State, as ex-officio state librarian, transferred from the Illinois State Library, 442 volumes relating distinctively to the history of the state. The books formed the nucleus of the State Historical Library of today, which now contains 30,700 volumes, besides an inter- esting collection of manuscripts. It has a large and rare collection of books, pictures and manu- scripts relating to Abraham Lincoln, Illinois' greate.st citizen. It has a fine collection of newspaper files which are constantly in use by all clas.ses of citizens. The lilirai-y is building up a fine collection of genealogical material ■which is of great assistance to, and much used by, persons interested in the- study of ancestry and by those seeking admission to patriotic hereditary societies. The library collects ma-

terial along all lines of state history, natural history, histories of counties, towns, cities, vil- lages, churches, travels, biographies of prom- inent citizens, and the part taken by the state in various wars, in short any material that in any way touches upon the history of the state or its people. The purpose of the library as defined by the act creating it is "to procure from time to time, books, pamphlets, manuscripts, monographs, writings and other material bear- ing upon the political, physical, religious or social history of the state."

The labors of the trustees have resulted in the collection of a well selected library relating to Illinois, the Mississippi A'alley and the old Northwest Territory. In 1899, there began a series of small volumes designated as "Publica- tions of the Illinois State Historical Library." They were prepared largely under the super- vision of Dr. Edmund J. James, then a i>ro- fessor at the University of Chicago, and in- cluded a bibliography of Illinois newspapers and two volumes dealing with the "Territorial Rec- ords of Illinois." In 190.3 a more ambitious series was undertaken under the title of the "Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library," the first volume of which was edited by Judge H. W. Beckwith. In the year 190.j, the work of publication was given a new im- petus by the more liberal action of the General As.sembly. Prior to that date, beginning T\ith 1S99, small appropriations had been made to the library specifically for publication. In 190.5, this amount was increased and in addition an appro- priation was made for procuring documents, papers and materials and publications relating to the Northwest and the State of Illinois. This api>ropriation made possible for the first time that examination of archives within and with- out the state without which a comprehensive policy of publication could not be carried out. For the purpose of securing the services of historical students in shaping this larger plan of publication, the library board apiwinted an Advisory Commission, and acting on the advice of this commission, the board accepted a plan of publication in series, each series to consist usually of material belonging to a particular period in the political history of the state, as, for instance, the Virginia series, dealing with the period when the sovereignty in the Illinois Country was claimed by the State of Virginia. In some cases, however, a topical arrangement

HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.

621

is also provided as in the Lincoln series. Nine volumes of the collections have been published as follows :

Historical Collections of the Illinois State His- torical Library. Ed. by H. W. Beckwith ; A'irginia Series. Vol. I. Cahokia Records, 177S-

1790. Ed. by Clarence Walworth Alvord ; Lincoln Series. Vol. I. Lincoln-Douglas De- bates. Ed. by Edwin Earle Spark.s; Executive Series. The Governor's Letter Rooks,

lSlS-1834. Ed. by Evarts Boutell Greene and

Clarence Walworth Alvord ; Virginia Series. Vol. II. Kaskaskia Records,

1778-1790. Ed. by Clarence Walworth Alvord ; Executive Series. The Governor's Letter Books,

1S40-1S53. Ed. by Evarts Boutell Greene and

Manfred Thompson ; Virginia Series. III. George Rogers Clark

Papers, 1771-17S1. Ed. by James Alton

James ; Biographical Series. Vol. I. Xewsiiapers and

Periodicals of Illinois 1S14-1S79. Ed. liy

Franklin William Scott : Bibliographical Series. Vol. II. Travel and

Description, 1765-1865. By Solon Justus Buck.

The volumes so far published have attracted favorable notice from the general public and from scientific historians as well. In carrying forward the work of publication the trustees have had the cooperation of some of the leading educational institutions of the state. This has been done chiefly through the agency of the Ad- visory Commission, which was organized by the board in 190.5, and included, at that time. Prof. E. E. Sparks, of the X'niversity of Chicago; J. A. James of Northwestern University; Charles H. Rammelkamp. of Illinois College; E. C. Page, of the De Kalb Normal School ; Henry Johu.son, of the Eastern Illinois Normal School and

Evarts B. Greene, chairman. Since the organiza- tion of the commission changes in the personnel of the board have taken place, Prof. Sparks leaving to accept the presidency of the Pennsyl- vania State College, his place being taken by Professor A. C. McLaughlin, head professor of history in the University of Chicago. On the resignation of Professor Henry Johnson, of the Eastern Normal School, this vacancy was filled hy the appointment of William A. Meese, of Moline, a well known writer and speaker on Illinois history. The annual Transactions of the Historical Society are issued as publications of the library ; these volumes contain the jiapers read at the annual meeting of the society and additional contrilmtion.s to state history. The publications of the library and society are used by students and clubs throughout the state and in many schools they are used as text books for students in state history. During the years of its existence the library board has had but four presidents. Judge Lambert Tree occupied the ])ositinn for four years. Judge Beekwith until his death in 1903. Dr. Edmund Janes James resigned, and Dr. Evarts Boutell Greene was elected. The present board of trustees consists of three members.

Dr. Evarts Boutell Greene, Urbana,

President,

Dr. Otto L. Schmidt, Chicago,

Secretary.

Charles H. Rammelkamp, President Illinois College, Jacksonville.

But two librarians have been appointed, Miss Josephine P. Cleveland, who served in that capacity for eight years or until her death in 1S97, and Jlrs. Jessie Palmer Weber, the pres- ent librarian.

Jessie Paljier Weber.

PIATT COUNTY

R 6 E.

PIATT COUI^TY "

ILLINOIS

T /6 N

PREFACE

I believe the publication, at this time, of a history of Piatt County will be appreciated by our people. With the exception of Miss Emma C. Piatt's excel- lent history, published in 1883, no extended general work treating of the progress and development of the county, and giving an account of its social, religious and business institutions, has appeared. For this and other reasons, I feel that this work will be welcomed by the people of the county.

I have endeavored to obtain correct information, but it is probable that some mistakes will be discovered. However, I think it will be found to be generally reliable.

I acknowledge my indebtedness to Miss Piatt's history, and to a large number of citizens of the county who were most obliging in furnishing me with authentic data and valuable information.

/?

Monticello, Illinois, June, 1917.

INDEX

CHAPTER I.

GENERAL HISTORY.

Earliest Annals — Religious Persecution Led to Early Colonization in America — Coast Settlements First — English and Preneh — Many- Conflicts over Possessions — French and Indian War — The Clark Expedition — Illinois Country Organized — Made Part of the North- west Territory — Becomes Portion of Indiana Territory — Made Sep- arate Territory in 1809— Admitted to Union in 1818 623-625

CHAPTER II.

GEOGRAPHICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL.

Location — Area — Population — Great Fertility — Exceptional Market Ad- vantages— Natural Drainage — A Water Shed Ridge — Sangamon and Kaskaskia Rivers and Tributaries — Present Drainage Districts — Time, Money and Effort Well Expended — Coon's Spring — Climate and Geology — Flora — Fauna — Few Snakes 625-628

CHAPTER III.

INDIAN HISTORY.

The American Indian — His Early Treatment Unjust — Many Times a Vic- tim of Ignorance — Lands Wrested from Him — Present General Status — Facts of Historj' — Earlj' Indian Troubles in Illinois — Win- nebago War — Black Hawk War — Treaty with Sacs and Foxes — Death of Black Hawk — Indians in Piatt County — Friendly with Piatt Family 628-632

CHAPTER IV.

EARLY SETTLERS.

The First Settler— Builder of Second Cabin— Settlers in 1824— A Promi- nent Pioneer — A Notable Event in Illinois — Winter of the Deep Snow — The Big Freeze — A Personal Experience — Settlers Between 1830 and 1840— First Births in County— First Deaths— The "Coffin Tree" — Early Mills — Examples of Pioneer Ingenuity — First Grist Mill — Pioneer Characteristics — Early Postal Annoyances — Much Typhoid Fever — Chills and Fever Often Prevailed — Green Fly Pest —A Defender of Pioneer Life '. 632-636

CHAPTER V.

COUNTY ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT.

Piatt First a Part of Macon and DeWitt — Separated in 1841 — Given Its Present Name — Boundaries — Population — No County Seat Struggles — First County Election — Division into Townships — Courthouses — First One Destroyed by Fire — Second Dismantled by Storm — Pres- ent Courthouse — Corner Stone Laid in Fall of 1903 — Occupied Jan- uary, 1905 — Circuit Judges Who Have Presided Here — County Jail — County Poor Farm — Early Provision Made — New Buildings Com- pleted in 1902 — Adequate Accommodations — List of Stewards — Value of County's Public Buildings— Much Local Pride 636-640

CHAPTER VI.

POLITICAL REPRESENTATION.

Presidential Elections Important Events — Piatt Voted First in 1844 — Three Party Organiaztions Sought Power — Democrats Successful — Whigs Won in 1848 and Democrats in 18.'32— In 1856 the Republi- can Party Entered the Field — How Piatt Treated Abraham Lincoln — Presidential Election of 1860 — Re-election of Mr. Lincoln in 1864 — Results as to Leading Parties in Piatt in 1868-1872-1876-1880-1884- 1868-1892-1896-1900-1904-1908-1912-1916— Piatt Legislators— Local Representation — State 's Attorneys — County Judges — County Clerks — Circuit Clerks — County Treasurers — Sheriffs — County School Superintendents — Surveyors — Coroners — ^Masters in Chancery 640-643

CHAPTER VII.

COURTS, BENCH AND BAR.

Early Administration of Jixstice — Formation of Committees of Safety — Necessary Organizations — First Court Held in Piatt County — First Presiding Judge Was Hon. Samuel H. Treat — Early Law- yers— Present Attorneys — An Able Body — Justices of the Peace by Townships — Bement — Cerro Gordo — Blue Ridge — Goose Creek — Montieello — Sangamon — Willow Branch — Unity 643-644

CHAPTER VIII.

MILITARY HISTORY.

Patriotism of Piatt County — Civil War Records Prove It — No Conscrip- tion in This County — Appended Military Record — List of Regiments in Which Piatt County Men Served — Ninth Illinois Infantry — Four- teenth Illinois Infantry Reorganized — Seventeenth Illinois Infantry —Twenty-first Illinois Infantry — This Regiment Organized by Capt. U." S. Grant— Twenty-sixth Illinois Infantry — Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry— Thirty-tifth Illinois Infantry— Thirty-eighth Illi- nois Infantry^Thirty-ninth Illinois Infantry — Forty-first Illinois Infantry — Forty-ninth Illinois Infantry — Fifty-fourth Illinois In-

fantry — Sixty-second Illinois Infantry — Sixty-third Illinois Infan- try— Sevety-seeond Illinois Infantry — Seventy-third Illinois Infan- try— Many Piatt Soldiers in This Regiment — Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantry — One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Infantry with Long Roster of Piatt County Soldiers — One Hundred and Fifteenth Illi- nois Infantry — One Hundred and Sixteenth Illinois Infantry — One Hundred and Fiftieth Illinois Infantry — Second Illinois Cavalry — Fifth Illinois Cavalry — Seventh Illinois Cavalry — Tenth Ilinois Cav- alry— Sixteenth Illinois Cavalry — First Illinois Light Artillery — Spanish-American War Not Heavily Represented — Grand Army of the Republic — Its Inception and Organization — The First Grand Army Post — First Encampment — Harker Post at Atwood — Three Charter Members Surviving — Cerro Gordo Post Has Twenty-five Members — History of Jlansfield Post — One Charter Member Living at Mansfield — Franklin Post at Monticello — Posts Were Also Organ- ized at Bement and La Place 644-665

CHAPTER IX.

PHYSICIANS.

A Universal Impulse — Neighborly Helpfulness — First Permanent Physi- cian in County — Early Successors — Well Remembered Practitioners ■ — Trials of Pioneer Physicians — An Amusing Anecdote — Conditions All Changed — Profession Now Ably Represented — List of Leading Physicians and Surgeons — Piatt County Medical Society — Date of Organization — First Officials — Present Officers — Piatt County Has No Hospitals 665-667

CHAPTER X.

THE PRESS.

Power of the Press — First Editor — First Newspaper — The Monticello Times— Subsequent Changes in Name — The Sucker State — The Con- servative— The Piatt County Union — The Piatt Independent — The Piatt Republican— The Monticello Bulletin the Present Title— Oldest Paper in County — Present Owners — Piatt County Herald — Piatt County Republican — Piatt County Pilot — Bement Union — The Farm- ers Advocate — Bement Gazette — Cerro Gordo Times — Bement Regis- ter-— Cerro Gordo News — Deland Tribune — Mansfield Express — At- wood Herald — Cisco Review — Hammond Courier — A Word of Appre- ciation 667-668

CHAPTER XI.

EDUCATIONAL.

Excellent Schools — Subscription Schools at First — Cabin Schoolhouses Social Centers — Various Buildings Utilized — The Typical Pioneer Schoolhouse — Development of Schools by Townships — Monticello — Earliest Schools — Present Fine Building — High School Course — List of Educators — Valuation of School Property — In City — Schools Out- side of City— All Well Equipped— Bement— First School in 1856 — Present Pine Building — List of Educators — Bement Rural Schools — Cerro Gordo City School Facilities — On Accredited List of Univer- sity of Illinois 668-672

CHAPTER XII.

BANKS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

General Financial Conditions — Necessity for Banks — Power of Finan- cial Institutions — First Banks — Moore State Bank of Monticello — First National Bank of IMonticello — Farmers National Bank of Monti- cello — First National Bank of Atwood — State Bank of Hammond — State Bank of Cerro Gordo — Citizens Bank of Cerro Gordo — State Bank of La Place — Bank of ]\Iilmine — State Bank of Cisco — State Bank of De Land — First National Bank of De Land — Pierson Bank — Peoples State Bank of Mansfield — State Bank of Mansfield — S. L. Sievers & Company Bank of White Heath — First National Bank of Bement — State Bank of Bement — Other Financial Institutions — Mortgage Investments — Remarkable Financial Condition 672-676

CHAPTER XIII.

RAILROADS.

Transportation Problems — First Roads Buffalo and Indian Trails — Old- est Made Road — First State Road — Stage Routes Established — Ac- commodated Travelers for Many Years — Railroads Sounded Their Knell — First Railroad Construction Work in 1855 — Wabash Rail- road Began Operating as the Chicago & Paducah — Stations on the Wabash in Piatt County — Illinois Central Railroad — Branch Line First Bore Name of the Monticello Railroad — Many Changes in Ownership — Piatt Stations Along This Road — Chicago, Cleveland, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad — Mansfield Only Station in Piatt County — Cliicago, Indianapolis & Western — Piatt Stations on This Line — McKinley Traction System — Bloomington, Decatur & Cham- paign Railroad — Automobiles — Manv Valuable Motors Owned in County ■ 676-678

CHAPTER XIV.

CLUBS AND FRATERNITIES.

Women's Clubs — Influence of Clubs — Advancement of Women — Monti- cello Women's Club ; Organization, Work, Officers — Bement Woman's Club ; Organization, Work, Officers — De Land Woman 's Club ; Or- ganization, W.ork, Officers — Fraternities 678-680

CHAPTER XV.

AGRICULTURE.

Importance of Agricidture — Stock Raising — Corn Growing — Other Grains

— Land Values — Farm Machinery 680-681

CHAPTER XVI.

TELEPHONE LINES AND PUBLIC LIGHTING.

First Telephone Line — The Telerenia — Invented, Patented and Manu- factured in Piatt County — Large Demand Prior to Introduction of

the Bell Telephone — First Private Telephone Line — Organization of the Mutual Telephone Company — First Toll Telephones — Organiza- tion of Piatt County Telephone Company — Exchanges at Monticello, Bement and De Land — First Exchange at Cerro Gordo — Exchange at La Place — Telephone Line with Exchanges at Hammond, Burrows- ville and La Place Built in 1900 — Atwood Mutual Telephone Company — The National Telephone Company Has Exchanges at Mansfield, Clinton, Farmer City, Cisco and Argenta — Excellent Service Given All Over the County — Electrical Works — First Officials — Present Equipment — Other Lighting Interests 681-682

CHAPTER XVIL

COUNTY FAIRS.

First Agricultural Society Organized — Accomplished Little During the First Five Years — Representative Men Accept Official Position in 1861 — Through Concerted Effort Fair Grounds Were Prepared — Character of the Early Fairs — The Centennial Exposition Awakens Interest — Change of Name in 1903 — Lists of Officials — Equipment and Valuation — Recent Features and Exhibits— Importance of County Fairs 682-683

CHAPTER XVIII.

BEMENT TOWNSHIP.

Boundaries — Natural Drainage — Early Settlers — Village of Bement — Origin — Founders Bement Post Office — Bement Postmasters — Pio- neer Incidents — Public Improvements — Churches — Civic History — Ivesdale — Officials — Highway Commissioner — Justice of the Peace —Constable— Supervisors . ' 683-687

CHAPTER XIX.

BLUE RIDGE TOWNSHIP.

Boundaries — Natural Drainage — Railroads — Early Settlers — First Elec- tion— Stringtown — Mansfield — General Mansfield — Incorporation of City — Churches — Blue Ridge — Officials- — Highway Commissioner — Justice of the Peace — Constable — Supervisors 687-688

CHAPTER XX.

CERRO GORDO TOWNSHIP.

Boundaries — Natural Drainage — Origin of Name — Railroads — Early Settlements — Village of Cerro Gordo — Village Officials — Public Im- provements— Churches — Business Interests — La Place — Churches — Milmine — Litner — Burrowsville — Officials — Supervisors 688-690

CHAPTER XXI.

GOOSE CREEK TOWNSHIP.

Boundaries— Origin of Name — Railroads — De Land — Churches — Chris- tian— Methodist Episcopal — Carnegie Library — Two-Mill Tax — Vil- lage Board — Officials of Township — Highway Commissioner — Justice of the Peace — Constable — Poundmaster — Supervisors 690-691

CHAPTER XXII.

MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP.

Boundaries — First Settlements — Railroads — City of Monticello — First Settlers — First Business Houses — No Controversy Over Location of Count}' Seat — Incorporation — Present City Officials — Post Office — Public Buildings — Public Improvements — Water Works — Sewerage — Fire Department — Cemeteries — Manufactures — AUerton Library — Churches — Methodist — Presbyterian — Christian — Catholic — An Old Proclamation — Monticello of Today — Officials — Town Clerk — Assessor — Collector — Highway Commissioner — Justice of the Peace — Constable — Supervisors 691-697

CHAPTER XXIII.

SANGAMON TOWNSHIP.

Boundaries — Railroads — Early Settlements — Centerville — Lickskillett — Present Conditions — White Heath — Origin of Name — Present Condi- tion— Churches — Galesville— Origin of Name — Present Condition — Lodge — Officials — Highway Commissioner — Justice of the Peace — Constable — Supervisors 697-698

CHAPTER XXIV.

UNITY TOWNSHIP.

Boundaries — Mound Builders — Railroads — Early Settlements — Mack- ville — Hammond — Pierson — Atwood — Origin of Name — Early Set- tlers— Organization of Village — Organization of City — Mayors — Public Improvements — Atwood Township High School — Odd Fel- lo-HTg — Officials — Highway Commissioners— Justices of the Peace — Constable — Supervisors 698-700

CHAPTER XXV.

WILLOW BRANCH TOWNSHIP.

Boundaries — Soil — Natural Drainage — Origin of Name — Early Settlers — Stringtown — Railroads — Sisco — Churches — Officials — Commissioners of Highway — Justice of the Peace — Constable — Supervisors 701-702

CHAPTER XXVI.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

The Part of Biography in General History — Citizens of Piatt County and Outlines of Personal History— Personal Sketches Arranged in Encyclopedic Order 703-818

PORTRAITS

Alexander. Jennie M 024

Alexander, Ora V 624

Armsworth, Sarah 630

Armsworth, Willis 628

Ater, John S 636

Baumann, Herman B 642

Baumann, Sarah C 642

Bensyl, John A 646

Bensyl, Nellie F 646

Bondurant, Thomas E 650

Burr, Amos S 654

Caldwell, Alvin L 658

Croninger, Charles L.. and Family 662

Dighton, John N 666

Grason, Charles F 672

Grason, Martha E 674

Hadden, Benjamin, and Family 682

Hallstead, John 686

Heath, Noble P 690

Kilton, Obert L 698

Kingston, John W 702

Leischner, Daniel 706

Leischner, John 712

Leischner, L. Annie 70S

Leischner, Mrs. John 712

I.«men, James M 716

Liestman, Frederick 720

Liestman, Minnie 720

Lodge, Samuel A 724

Lumsden, Edmond W 728

Lumsden, Mrs. Edmond W 728

Lyons, Elizabeth 732

Lyons, William 732

Martin, Francis 730

Martin, Henry P 740

McBride, Da\-id 744

McBride, iXrs. David 744

McFadden, Mrs. Mary A 748

Mitchell, James H 752

Mitchell, kyrtle B 752

Parr, Andrew E 756

Parr, Caroline 756

Peck, James K., and Granddaughter. . . .760.

Phillips, J. Madison 764

Phillips, Mrs. J. Madison 764

Phillips, Mr. and Mrs. J. M., Children of..764

Piatt, James A 768

Piatt, Mrs. James A 768

Plunk, Emma E 772

Plunk, Maria M 778

Plunk, William A 772

Plunk, William H 776

Quick, Daniel 782

Shively, John J 786

Shonkwiler, Francis M

F1*ontispiece, Piatt County

Smock, Samuel, and Family 790

Sprinkle, Simon 794

Traxler, Samuel J., and Family 798

Tucker, Thomas J., and Family 802

Van Vickie, Henry.

.804

Warner, Jesse W 806

Wilson, .Jacob G 808

Wilson, Joseph 80S

Wolfe, Eli F., and Family 812

Wolfe, Frank, and Family 810

Wood, John W 814

ILLUSTRATIONS

Baling Threshed Straw 678

Breaking the Soil 678

Court House (Old) 632

Court House (Present) 638

Disking the Stubble Field 678

Farm Team at Work 678

High School 668

Honselman Oabin 694

Library 694

Lincoln School 668

Map of Piatt County 623

Opera House 6W

Residence of Daniel Leischner 710

Residence of James A. Piatt (Sr.) 632

Steam Threshing Outfit 678

Wheat and Corn Fields 678

Wheat in the Stack 678

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY

CHAPTER I.

GENERAL HISTORY.

EAELIEST ANNALS EEUGIOUS PEKSECUTION LED TO

EABLT COLONIZATION IN AMERICA COAST SET- TLEMENTS FIEST ENGLISH AND FBENCH — MANY

CONFLICTS OVEK POSSESSIONS — FEENCH AND

INDIAN WAE — THE CLARK EXPEDITION IIXTNOIS

COUNTRY ORGANIZED — MADE PART OF THE NORTH- WEST TEREITORT BECOMES PORTION OF INDIANA

TERRITORY — MADE SEPARATE TERRITORY IN 1809 ADMITTED TO UNION IN 1818.

EARLIEST ANNALS.

It has been truly said that the history of a country or community dates back to the begin- ning of time, for each happening has its cause in those that preceded it from the time that creation was accomplislied. Therefore it is proper and reasonable to briefly trace the sequence of events that led to the evolving of the great state of which Piatt County is an important section, in order to show how these historical issues had their bearing upon the settlement and subsequent development of Piatt County. Had it not been for these occurrences and the later achievements of the men whose names are enrolled upon the scroll of Illinois' heroes and statesmen, it is very probable that the Piatt County of today would be very dif- ferent, mayhap be yet a prairie, given over to wild vegetation and the home of domesticated animals, and the nation thereby would be the poorer.

Wlien the earliest settlers, many being refu- gees, from the older countries ventured forth, with confidence in Providence and a brave con- sciousness of the justice of their desire to escape religious persecution, or, hoping to find, across the mighty Atlantic, better opportunities to develop their natural talents unoppressed by

tyrannical rulers and their favorites, they had no idea of the vast territory they were entering, nor had any, even those of the broadest minds and most optimistic views, any conception of the magnitude of their undertaking, nor could they foresee what a few centuries would bring forth. In their tiny vessels that crossed the Atlantic at the mercy of wind and wave, propelled only by the sails that crowned them, they took weeks in their voyages, and doubtless many perished in storms, or were shipwrecked upon barren shores, where the remainder of their lives were spent. Fortunately, however, for the stability of the uew nation they were helping to found, a majority, strange as it seems today consider- ing the paucity of their equipment, reached the shores of the new continent in safety, and while none, perhaps, found here a full realization of their hopes, few were able to return and enough were sufficiently satisfied to remain and make the best of conditions as they found them. Without doubt their characters were developed, their virtues multiplied, and their ability increased by the very hardships encountered, and from them, the forbears of the American people of today, have come the characteristics which have placed the United States in its present ixisition.

COAST SETTLEMENTS FIRST.

As the newcomers were comparatively few in number, and restricted as to means, they had little or no interest in the lands which lay beyond the strip lying along the coast. Few, perhaps, would have believed it possible that the time would ever come when there would be any need of traveling many miles from, the sight and sound of the ocean, which formed tlie sole connection between them and the mother coun- try. These pioneers found it difficult enough to maintain their holdings, wrested from the Indians, and long had no desire to try to pene- trate the fastnesses which they believed were peopled by savages, and covered by vast forest

623

624

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

growths that the axe of man could uot hope to fell. They had no appreciation of the great regions of prairie land which later would be developed into such fertile fields that the roclc- bound farms of New England would be aban- doned for them. They did not imagine that the day would come when their descendants could travel in greater comfort and luxury than was then enjoyed by any of the reigning kings upon their thrones or in their palaces, from the ocean tbey had crossed with such peril, to another one much larger, in less time than it then tooli th^m to journey from one little settlement to another along the coast line.

Credit is due to the French voyageurs and the Catholic missionaries for their exploration of ' the Mississippi Valley, and it is in their work that the people of Piatt County are interested, for they gave to the world the first idea of the richness of the lands adjacent to the Father of Waters. Xo history of this region can be writ- ten without mention being made of Marquette and Joliet, the intrepid missionaries who not only succeeded in penetrating the fastnesses of the wilderness, but through their patience and Christian virtues made friends with the savage Indians and converted many of them to the worship of the white man's God.

England had been content with her occupancy of the eastern c-oast until France sought to extend her territory eastward, when that nation awoke to the necessity of not only defending her possessions, but of extending her domain so as to avoid further trouble along this line, and during the latter part of the seventeenth cen- tury, the colonists of both English and Pi-enoh extraction were distressed by various conflicts, which took place coincident with those which were waged between the mother countries. Eng- land maintained her supremacy in the east, but France founded a series of fortified posts which connected the Mississippi A'alley with the Great Lakes, among them being Kaska.skia, Cahokia. Vincennes and Detroit, all of which were later developed into towns, and the first three had a very important bearing upon Illinois history.

Other trouble followed during the early part of the eighteenth century, but the English colonists were not favored justly by the mother country, and a realization of this was the foundation of the bitter feeling that culminated in the mighty protest that goes down in history as the American Revolution. While, however.

the English possessions were not materially increased, in spite of the brave and capable warfare of the settlers, an appreciation of the value of the lands to the west of them was awakened, and they sought to obtain some right to them. Colonial population was increasing, and the more advanced among them saw the necessity of providing for the future in opening up to the younger generation the fertile regions along the great water courses between the coast on the east and the Mississippi River on the west. To the reader in the twentieth century it seems strange to learn that in the middle of the eighteenth century the present site of Pitts- burgh, Fa., was regarded as and spoken of as "The Gateway to the West." The French sought to prevent the English from obtaining jwsses- sion of this strategic point, and defeated the latter in their attempt to fortify this place, building a fort of their own which tbey called Fort Duquesne. In moving against this strong- hold of the enemy, the English troops were com- manded by a Virginia youth by the name of Washington. He fired the first shot of the attack on May 28, 1754, thus coming into promi- nence in the history of a country of which he was later to become known as "the Father."' Then ensued what history has designated the French and Indian War, and during the years it raged, various conquests were made by the English, the 'most important with reference to Illinois, and consequently to Piatt County, being that which gave over to the English the French possessions which had hitherto been held by France, and wliich included all of the present state of Illinois. Thus ended the douliuion of the French in our present commonwealth. While the French flag floated no longer over the for- tified .settlements, being replaced by the English ensign, tliere was little change in the few settlers who had gathered about these posts in the wilderness. The Indians still practically owned the land, and used it as hunting grounds. The Revolutionary War had but little effect upon this section, except that a third change was made, and the English flag was lowered to make way for the new one that the American colonists had given the world.

In 1777-8 Col. George Rogers Clark made what is now known as the Clark Expedition, and tlirough it much was discovered about what was then called the Illinois Country. Its name had been .given it from an Algonquin Indian word, Inini, signifying "the men," which the

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

625

French chaDged into Illini, meaning "the tribe.'' In the latter year, 1778, Virginia asserted its dominion over the territory covered by the Clark Expeilition, and organized the Illinois Country. In 1787, however. Illinois was made part of the Northwest Territory, and in ISOO became a por- tion of Indiana Territory, with its seat of gov- ernment at Vineennes.

The beginning of Illinois as a separate politi- cal division had its beginning in its organization as a territory on February 3, ISO!), with the capital at KaskasUia. The iirst territorial legis- lature was held in 1812. Illinois came into the Union as a state December 3, ISIS, with the capital remaining at Kaskaskia. A complete and detailed history of Illlinois as a state is found elsewhere in this work, it being the pur- pose of this chapter to give merely an outline of the leading historical events that led up to the opening of the state to settlers and the encouragement of the development of the natural resources of this great commonwealth.

CHAPTER II.

GEOGRAPHICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL.

LOCATION AEEA POPULATION — GREAT FEBTIL-

ITY EXCEPTIONAL MARKET ADVANTAGES — NAT- URAL DRAINAGE — A WATER SHED RIDGE — SANGA- MON AND KASKASKIA RIVERS AND TRIBUTARIES — PRESENT DRAINAGE DISTRICTS — TIME. MONEY AND EFFORT WELL EXPENDED — COON's SPRING — CLI- MATE AND GEOLOGY — FLORA FAUNA — FEW

SNAKES.

LOCATION.

Piatt County is located almost in the center of the State, and is bounded on the north by McLean County, on the east by Champaign and Douglas counties, on the south by Moultrie County, and on the west by Macon County. Its area Is 56,000 square miles, or 280.320 acres of land, and its population according to the last census was 16,376. The greater portion of tbe land is undulating, the northern portion being more rolling than that of the southern part. The county is about evenly divided as to prairie and timber land, and in its early history had some very valuable timber, but the greater

part of this has been cleared away. It is one of the most fertile of the agricultural counties of the state, and its agricultural interests are fully developed. Located about midway between Chicago and St. Louis, it has had two of the best markets iu the country to which to sell its produce and from which to obtain its necessities and luxuries, the latter increasing annually as the wealth and ideas of the i)eople have expanded.

NATURAL DRAINAGE.

I'iatt County has been favored by nature in being remarkably well drained, a ridge running a little north of Cerro Gordo in a northeasterly direction through the county, between Bement and Alonticello, and passing into Champaign County, is the water shed for the valley between the Illinois and Kaskaskia rivers, both of which are tributaries of the Mississippi River. From the summit of this ridge a beautiful view can be obtained of the surrounding country for many miles, and the scenery in Piatt County, especially along this ridge, is as fine as any in the state. North of the ridge is the Sangamon River, along which lay heavy timber before the days of forest sacrifices, and before those of conservation of natural resources. This water course has a number of tributaries, including Madden's Run, Goose Creek, Wild Cat Creek and Friend's Creek on the north ; Camp Creek and 'n'illow Branch on the south. Salt Cl'eck is another tributary of the Sangamon River to the extreme north. The Kaskaskia River drains tbe southern and southeastern by means of the West Okaw and Lake Fork of the Okaw, its tributiiries. As the fall of country along Lake Fork was very slight, the drainage in the south- eastern part was totally insutHcient until the project of deepening tbe channel of the Lake Fork in eastern Bement Township and southern Monticello Township was taken up, which resulted in tbe establishing of a di'ainage dis- trict, which redeemed many acres of the richest land in the county. The history of this move- ment may be briefly told.

DRAINAGE DISTRICTS.

On October 7, 1882. at an election held in the Concord schoolhouse, the following board of drainage commissioners was elected: Alfred .lay, Samuel L. Busich and Anthony Clark. The purpose of this movement was to dredge the Lake Fork suflSciently to drain the surrounding

626

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

district. The name of this water course was taken from the fact that during tlie rainy season the water overflowed its banks to such an extent that a large lake was formed each year, utterly submerging the lands adjacent, and rendering others too moist for practical purposes. Although the measure had been put l>efore the people at a general election prior to the election of the drainage board, many objections were raised as to the decisions of the drainage com- missioners relative to the assessments and bene- fits proposed, and the project dragged because of various court proceedings. Finally on Sep- tember 21, 1SS3, the county surveyor, C. D. Moore, was instructed to survey the ditch, pre- pare a plat and profile. AccoixJing to his original plans, the drainage ditch extended from the northern boundary of section 36, township IS, range 6, to the Crain bridge, a distance of eleven miles.

This plat was submitted to the drainage board at their March meeting, 18S4, and received their approval. Bids were advertised for, but none were submitted by the time of the next meeting, and nothing more was accomplished until the September meeting, 1884, when the original plans were amended to read as follows :

"The width from Grain's bridge to the south line of section 1, township 17, range 6, be thirty feet at the top, twenty-five feet from thence to the south line of section 30, township IS, range 6, and twenty feet from thence to the north line of said ditch to be one-fourth as wide as the top, and the depth one foot more, at all points than the depth fixed by C. D. Moore in the profile approved March 1, 1S84."

It was the intention that the bid be awarded for the contract by October 10, 1884, so that woria might be begun that year, but the board adjourned, and the contract was not let until the spring of 1885, when it was awarded to McGillis & Company at 11 9/10 cents per cubic yard, with the proviso that if the ditch were completed by April 1. ISSO. the contractors were to receive a bonus of 1 6/10 cents per cubic yard. Not long after securing the contract, the con- tractors let it to Pollard, GofC & Company, and the new firm consented, at a meeting of the drainage board held .Tuly 22. ISS'i, to make the ditch 0 feet wide on the bottom from one end to the other, and 2 feet deeper than the bottom of the ditch as proposetl b.v C. D. Moore, from the north end to within one mile of the south end, and from that point the depth to increase

gradually until it was 3 feet deeper than the bottom of the ditch as shown by the plans and specifications. The width of the top of the ditch was to remain as originally contracted. The time was extended to June 1, 1886, for the completion of the ditch.

Active work was begun during the summer of 18S5 at the north end of the proposed chan- nel, in Monticello Township, and continued until November, 1886. At that time the ditch reached the Moore graveyard in I'nity Township, and on February 2, 1S8T, the boat was burned. The completed ditch is about 45 miles in length, and cost about $300,000. This ditch was after- wards extended for a distance of three miles by a special mutual drainage district, formed by the farmers in the vicinity of Mackville.

Thirty-three sub-districts have been organized in the Lake Fork Special Drainage District, and the entire system drains about 155,000 acres in Champaign, Douglas and Piatt counties. The total cost was near $1,000,000, but it was money well spent, as it resulted in the reclamation of many thousands of acres of very fertile land.

coon's spbing.

Piatt County has very few living springs, but one that has attained more than local reputa- tion is that named Coon's Spring, on the south bank of the Sangamon River. As it is located in the midst of pleasant- surroundings, it has long been the gathering place for camp meet- ings, picnics and similar meetings.

CLIMATE.

Few counties in the state have a more equable climate than Piatt, for as it is out of the direct route of the trade winds from the southwest. and little subject to the cold currents from the polar regions that press down the valley of the upper Mississippi, this section is singularly fortunate, and these conditions make it pecu- liarly suited for agricultural purposes and fruit growing.

GEOLOGY.

There are no formations shown in Piatt County older than the Drift Period. According to the survey taken by the state government of the county in 1868, the following observations :i re given :

".Appearance of the drift at the Sangamon River bridge near Monticello :

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

627

1 Yellowish-brown clay 5 feet

2 Clay, sand and boulders 5 feet

3 Dark asb, brown clay, fine sand

and pebbles -4 feet

4 Black clay 1 foot

■ 5 Clay streaked brown and black

with ochery red 8 feet

Sangamon bluffs :

1 Brown clay C feet

2 Pebbles and clay 10 feet

3 At top dark-brown clay, below

reddish brown finely com- mingled with sand and clay. .. .14 feet

"Between Monticello and Ceuterville the road washings disclose 3 to 4 feet of bright brown clay, sometimes brown sand, pebbles and boulders. On the prairies there are boulders of granite of various colors, gray, red, sienitic, granite, quartzite and altered sandstone, gneiss and greenstone ; and in the altered drift, Devo- nian fossils and fragments of coal measure.

"Springs highly colored with oxide of iron are found. On section 29, township 19, N., range 5, E., there are many such springs. Some of them are strongly chalybeate. In one, gas arises and a quantity of brown sediment is deposited on its sides, and it is marshy ground. Some of the wells dug and bored from GO to 100 feet are supplied with a seemingly e.\haustless amount of water. This great vein of water is thus reaehed at various depths thi-oughout the count.v. In Goose Creek Township a well was bored 120 feet, but the vein was not reached. On the fair-grounds it was reached at 52." According to the report, other wells in the northern part of the county reached water at a depth from 12 to 20 feet. For surface water, wells in the timber have to be dug deeper than those on the r)rairie, but when it is desired to reach this underlying stream the case is reversed.

It is almost impossible in a work of this kind to give at length the plants that are indigenous to Piatt County, but a few of the best known may be mentioned. Clematis, anemone, hepatiea, ■wild columbine, larkspur, white and red bane- berry, custard apple family, monseed family. may apple, water lily, poppy, blood root, Dutch- man's breeches, mustard family, mallow family, sumac, summer grape. Virginia creeper, buck- thorn, burning bush, sugar or rock maple, red

clover, sweet clover, tick-trefoil, bush clover, ground nut, kidney bean, hog peanut, red bud, wild senna, honey locust, wild yellow or red plum, wild strawberry, wild raspberry, wild rose, crab apple, pear thorn, wild gooseberry, stone- crop, witchhazel, evening primrose, gourds, black snakeroot, wild carrot, cowparsnip, cowbane, meadow parsnip, spotted cowbane (deadly poison), water parsnip, honey root, ginseng, dog- root, honeysuckle, aster, goldenrod, daisies, sun- flower, thistle, ironweed, button snakeroot. trumpet weed, boneset, butter weed, ragweed, cocklebur, ox eye. beggar ticks, fetid marigold, sneeze weed, fire weed, Indian plantain, bur- dock, dandelion, wild lettuce, Indian tobacco, common mullein, figwort, beards-tongue, purs- lane, wild mint, water horehound, American pennyroyal, wild bergamot, catnip, hedge nettle, motherwort, wild morning glory, horse nettle, thornapple, milkweed, white ash, wild ginger, pigweed, smart weed, pale, swamp, curled and bitter dock, sassafras, spice bush, toadwa.x, lizard tail, slippery elm, backberry, red mul- berry, nettle, clearweed, bop, plane tree, s.vca- more, buttonwood, butternut, shellbark hickory, white, burr, laurel, shingle, black-jack, barren, yelllow-bark. black and red oak, hazelnut, iron wood, heart leaved, black and long-leaved wil- low, Cottonwood, red cedar, Indian turnip, dragon root, duckweed, eat tail, bur reed, blue flag, wild yam, trillium, bellwort, white dog- tooth violet, wild hyacinth, wild onion and wild garlic, spiderwort, spibebusb, bullrush, white grass, water oats, reed grasscord, drop seed, orchard and porcupine grass, wire and fowl meadow grass, wild rye, common horsetail, and maiden hair, lady, marsh, brittle and ostrich ferns. The common or local names of the above mentioned flora are given in order that these ]ilauts may be readily recognized. Some of these have been eliminated, but when the pioneers I'eaohed Piatt County, they found all of them and many others, and soon learned the various uses to which they could be put, either as food for themselves and stock, or as medicine to cor- rect the diseases to which they were subject. Some of the above have been cultivated and developed to a considerable extent, especially the fruits, as Piatt County is well adapted for fruitgrowing.

In naming the fauna of Piatt County only the commonly used name is here given, and it is

628

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

practically impossible to mention every species in an article like this. The aim is to cover in a genei'al way the subject so that succeeding generations will have a fair idea of Piatt County fauna as it was originally. Before the county was settled the buffalo and black bear may have been found, and there were plenty of Virginia deer, Canada lynx, wild cat, gray or prairie wolf, red and gray fox, common wea.sel, mink, otter, skunk, raccoon, brown and silver back bat, prairie mole, flying fox, gray squirrel, chipmunk, striped gopher, gray goplier, wood- chuck, Norway rat, common mouse, hare and opossum.

Among the most widely distributed birds may be named the following : Robin, hermit-thrush, olive-backed thrush, brown thrush, mocking bird, cat bird, blue bird, titmouse, nut hatch, brown creeper, house wren, shore lark, golden, yellow- rumped, magnolia, red-start and chestnut warblers, scarlet tanager, summer red bird, barn, eave and bank swallows, purple martin, wax wing, warbling vireo. yellow-throated vireo, shrike, wild canary, goldfinch, English sparrow, lark, finch, field sparrow, chippy, song sparrow, swamp sparrow, snow bird, fox sparrow, black- throated liunting. indigo bird, ground robin, bobolink, cow bird, red-winged blackbird, mead- ow lark, oriole, orchard oriole, rusty grackle, purple grackle. crow, blue jay, king bird, pewee. fly catcher, whippoorwill, night hawk, chimney swallow, ruby throated humming bird, king- fisher, yellow-billed cuckoo, red-headed wood- pecker, golden-winged woodpecker, short-eared, screech and great-horned owl, sparrow hawk, chicken hawk, hen hawk, golden eagle, turkey blizzard, wild pigeon, mourning dove, ruffed grouse, prairie hen, quail, golden plover, kill- deer plover, woodcock. Wilson's snipe, sandpiper, great blue heron, great white egret, stake driver, white crane, sandhill crane, brant goose. Canada goose, mallard duck. Idue winged teal, green- winged teal, wood duck and pied-billed grebe.

There are three species of turtle, the snap- ping, mud and soft-shelled. While there are no lizards, a lizard-like reptile has been found, known as a salamander, and what is called a glass snake, but belongs to the lizard family, for it has niovalile eyelids, which the true snake has not. Of the true snakes, there were two species of the rattlesnake found in Piatt County, the only poisonous kind here. Other snakes still found here are the black, the blue racer, the fnx. the milk, and three or four

kinds of garter, and water snakes. Two or three kinds of frogs, the toad and the mud puppy have been found here. The fish are repre- sented by two species of cat fish, the buffalo, one or two kinds of sun fish, bass, pike, perch and gar pike.

Insect life injurious to crops formerly was well represented in Piatt County, as in other sections. At one time the Colorado potato beetle was found in countless numbers, but has now nearly entirely disappeared. The wild potato bug is also found, the cabbage butterflies, cut worm and white grub. The ground squirrel may destroy the corn, but he is an enemy to beetles. The armj- worm, the cinch bug, the Hessian fly, have been enemies of the farmer here, but these are pretty well eliminateil.

CHAPTER III.

INDIAN HISTORY.

THE AMERICAN INDIAN — HIS EABLY TREATMENT UNJUST — MANY TIMES A VICTIM OF IGNORANCE

LANDS WRESTED FROM HIM — PRESENT GENERAL

STATUS FACTS OF HISTORY EARLY INDIAN

TROUBLES IN ILLINOIS — WINNEBAGO WAR — BLACK

HAWK WAR — TREATY WITH SACS AND FOXES

— DE,\TH OF BIj\CK HAWK — INDIANS IN PIATT COUNTY FRIENDLY WITH I'lATT FAMILY.

THE AMERICAN INDIAN.

-V

Without doubt the American Indian has been one of the most misunderstood and abused of mankind. Inheriting the continent of which his wliite brethren have largely dispossessed him. by right of prior occupation that extends back into the dim recesses of history, his rights have been disregarded, his possessions wrested from him, and he. who is the original American. is now the ward of the government which con- (luered him. It is impossible, perhaps, for people to take a dispassionate view of current events. The.v are always influenced more : or less by personal matters and the trend of public opinion. It is not until a future generation, entirely removed from tlie effects of any great movement, can look back upon such events, that a clear, neutral and fair judgment can be ren-

a^^t/yyZ'ii^e^r}^

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

629

dered. Although it is many years since the Indian was a menace to others, recollections of dire deeds of violence and injustice on both sides, still, in some sections, inflame public opinion, and the wise man reserves his com- ments, unless certain of not rousing old issues. The day, however, is not far distant when the white race will look back with astonishment, if not shame, upon the methods by which white supremacy was first secured over an innocent and ignorant people.

VICTIMS OF IGNORANCE.

I We are told that with the landing of tbe white strangers in the New World, came a warm welcome from the native retl men, who saw in the visitors nothing to fear, but rather superiors to be reverenced. How rude must have been their awakening when they discovered that those whom they regarded as gods, were made of the same clay, although differently colored, as that from which they were fashioned, and that beneath the fairer texture of their skin dwelt often a savagery no Indian then comprehended. It is an admitted fact, though, that evil qualities are more easily imitated than good ones, and so it was that the simple Indians soon learned to return evil for evil, and when treated treacherously, responded in kind. By the time Illinois was looked upon as a desirable place for settlement, the Indians had advanced very far on the path of retaliation, and had far distanced the worst of tlie white men in their barbaric resentments. Not comprehending the ways of wliite men, they had ignorantly signed away their rights to the lands which had come down to them through countless ancestors, tak- ing in payment what was practically worthless to them. Tbe wliite men who arranged such treaties, however, must not be unduly blamed, for they were influenced and governed by public sentiment and the trend of their times. The Indian had grown so savage and worthless, from their standpoint, that it was regarded but the duty of competent, patriotic and intelligent offi- cials to send the warring tribes as far west as possible, and make way for the oncoming wave of civilization, whose crest bore the intrepid pioneers who were to blaze the trail for future progress.

Fortunately for those who had to live in the Prairie State during Indian days, the tribes found on its hunting grounds were not nearly as savage as those to the north, west or south.

and hut few of the terrible atrocities which are chalked up against the red man had Illinois for their scene of action. The Indians of the lUini were fortunate probably in having wise men in charge of their affairs ; men who tried as far as lay in their power to mingle justice with power, and certain it is that among the earliest settlers were found a number who understood the Indian character enough to make friends of their savage neigbljors. It was no unusual thing in the pioneer days here to find one or more of the red men trusted members of the settler's family, while the interchange of fron- tier commodities and game was common. Many are the instances to be found on record where the friendly Indians rendered services of incalculable value to their white friends, and it was an admitted fact that once an Indian made a "blood brother" of a white man. he would serve him at the risk of his own life.

FACTS OF HISTORY.

The historical page of the savage Indian has been turned, and indeed in this twentieth cen- tury, some of the most responsible, wealthy and best educated people in certain sections of the country are full-blooded Indians, or can proudly trace Indian blood back to some ancestor, who, when this country was young in the ways of the wliites, held royal sway over mighty tribes. Many characteristics possessed by the Indian are worthy of emulation, and when they are assimi- lated by other races, a country profits as to its sturdy citizenship. However, during that period of Illinois history when tbe Indian was still regarded as an enemy and savage, certain events took place which must be set down in all his- tories of that time in order that a true and complete account be rendered of prevailing con- ditions and events.

The confederacy of tribes composing the Illi- nois division of the Indians embraced the Kas- kasUias, Cahokias and Tamaroas, but the Pot- tawatomies, Sacs, Foxes, and Kickapoos with the Winnebagoes were all to be found in the territory now embraced in the state of Illinois. The two Indian disturbances in which Illinois was especiall.y interested were those bearing tbe name of the Winnebago War, and the Black Hawk War.

WINNEDAGO WAR.

From 1S12 to 1827 the Indians of the north- western frontier gave the government but little

630

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

trouble, altUough here and tbere were local disturbances which were generally handled by the persons most concerned. Forts were estab- lished and surrounded by stockades, and every man and woman, and many of the children among the whites, were taught the use of fire- arms. In 1825 the Winnebago Indians became dissatisfied with the terms of the treaty of 1S04 because in it they were not mentioned, and the United States commissioners made arrange- ment admitting that the Winnebagoes were entitled to a portion of the land ceded by that treaty to the Sacs and Foxes. Acting in accord- ance with this admission, the Winnebagoes laid claim to lands lying in the vicinity of Galena, and when, in 1827, white settlers began to work the lead mines which were there dis- covered, the Indians made very emphatic remon- strances, which were not heeded. Not being able to obtain what they believed was justice, they sought assistance from their own people, and were joined by some of the Sioux. In the meanwhile an encounter between some of tlte Indians and the whites in the vicinity of Prairie du Chien, resulted in the killing of a few of the whites and the wounding of a number. The residents about Galena obtained help from the stiite government, and General Atkinson with some of the regular troops, in conjunction with the Galena militia under General Dodge, in an engagement in the neighborhood of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, so routed the Indians as to compel them to sue for peace. In this engage- ment Red Bird and Black Hawk and several others of the leading Indian chiefs wore taken prisoners, but later were released.

While this disturbance was of short duration, and resulted in victory for the whites, a feeling of unrest was felt among all the tribes, and ani- mosities were engenderetl that finally resulted in the Black Hawk War. Therefore, while as a war the Winnebago camiiaign is of little his- toric value, its impoi'tance is recognized in that it was one of the leading causes that contributed to the much more serious hostilities between the government and the Sacs and Foxes.

THE BLACK HAWK WAR.

The beginning of the conflict which bears the name of the chief of the Sac and Fox tribes, dates back to the treaty of 1804, with whicli the Indians were not satisfied, so that they readily were induced to join forces with the English during the War of 1812-14. This action

was regarded by the United States government as a violation of the treaty, and a new one was made in ISIU, and another in 1825. Still another was signed in 1830 in which the Sacs and Foxes agreed to remove to territory provided for them west of the Mississippi River. This and all other treaties. Black Hawk declared void in 1831, and with his family and connections, some Kickapoo and Pottawatomie allies, and 300 warriors, recrossed the Mississippi River to retake his village which stood on the present site of Rock Island. The Indian village at that point had been one of the largest and most important in the Northwest Territory, and there is no doubt hut that homesickness played some part in the desire of the Indians to return to their former home. Black Hawk declared that the treaties had been obtained through fraud, and he and his warriors began destroying the property of the white settlers.

The whites immediately complained to Gov- ernor Reynolds, who notified General Gaines of the regular army, and superintendent of Indian affairs, and volunteers responded to the general call to the number of 1,600. The forces were divided into two regiments, an odd battalion and a .spy battalion, with Col. James D. Henry com- manding the first regiment ; Col. Dan Lieb, the second ; JIaj. Nathan Buckmaster, the odd bat- talion ; and Maj. Gen. Joseph Duncan of the state militia was in command of the entire lirigade, Maj. Samuel Whiteside being in charge of the spy battalion. The fact of the gathering of this force is interesting to the people of Illi- nois, as it was the largest force the state had then raisetl, and records show that it was regarded as truly imposing as it marched to the scene of the disturbance.

So large a force of armed whites could not advance unobserved upon an enemy as well versed in frontier warfare as the Indians, and before the l)rigade reached them the Indians quietly went back across the river, not caring to match their strength against the troops. The government was not willing to allow matters to rest, however, and General Gaines, quartering his troops at Fort Armstrong, now Rock Island Arsenal, sent word to Black Hawk that unless he wouldi consent, to a peace council, he would imrsue his tribes into their reservation. Once more the Sacs and Foxes went into a treaty with the government, promising to remain on the west bank of the Mississippi River, and not to cross it except by permission of the Governor

<)aJ^ dM qT (3^^^T^yiAM /JM^wtr

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

631

of Illinois, or the President of tlie United States. Having, as he thought, satisfactorily adjusted matters. General Gaines withdrew his forces.

The following year Black Hawk again crossed the Mississippi River, bringing with him 500 warriors, and Governor Reynolds was again confronted with the necessity of protecting the people of his state from the encroachments of the Indians. Naturally feeling was strong, for the officials as well as the settlers felt that all agreements were disregarded, but Black Hawk claimed then and later that he only 'crossed the river to join his friend. White Cloud, who had located in the vicinity of Prophetstown, this state, citing in proof that be and bis men brought their wives and families with them, something they never did when on the war path. Volunteers, 1,800 strong, met at Beards- town, where they were formed into four regi- ments and a spy battalion, commanded by Colonels DeWitt, Fry, Thomas and Thompson, in the order named, while Col. James D. Henry commanded the spy battalion. Brigadier-Gen. Samuel W. Whiteside commanded the entire brigade. The line of march was taken up April 27, 1832, and General Whiteside, after firing the Indian encampment at Prophetstown, proceeded to Dixon, where he joined Majors Stillman and Bailey, with 300 men. Shabboua, chief of the Pottawatomies, was not in favor of any further conflict Ijetvs'een the Indians and the whites, and endeavored to warn the latter of probable trou- ble, and in many cases prevented serious engage- ments. There were some massacres, however, but in looking back from a distance of nearly a century, the reader is amazed at the small loss of life, under all the circumstances.

The first quota of volunteers was discliarged, but a new contingent had been raised, and many of the veterans re-enlisted, .so that the force numbered 3,000 strong by June 15, when the Indians attacked settlers on Apple River, near Galena, and at Fort Hamilton, in the lead mine district. Colonel Dement attacked the Indians at Kellogg's Grove and defeated them. Troops were stationed at various points in the northern part of the state where it was believed there was danger of an attack, and Generals Atkin- son and Henry marched upon the supposed en- campment of Black Hawk. After many disappointments, the command finally en- countered the Indians on the borders of Wis- consin and the fight was kept up until the foe crossed the line. Owing to lack of provisions.

General Henry fell back to Blue Mounds, where he joined General .Vtkinson, who had been guarding other points, and a march was begun to the Mississippi River. An engagement was had with a small force of the Indians which was driven into the river, and a severe engage- ment followed on Rock Island, in which the Indian loss was heavy. While Black Hawk esraped. he was later captured by some Winne- bago chiefs, who delivered him into the hands of the white officials. The troops were sent to Prairie du Chien, where they were met by General Scott, he having been sent with an army from the East, to assume charge of the war. As travel was extremely slow in those days, the trouble was over before be arrived at the scene. His army, while not participating in the engagements, suffered severe loss from Asiatic cholera. Hostilities being over, the vol- unteers w'ere sent to Dixon, and there dis- charged. The prisoners were first sent to Rock Island and thence to Jefferson Barracks.

Following a cessation of hostilities, a treaty was made at Jefferson Barracks with the Sacs and Foxes which ceded to the United States a lai'ge portion of the territory between the Des Moines and Turkey rivers in Iowa. From the barracks the prisoners were sent to Washington, thence to Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and other cities, it being the purpose to impress ujion them the power and importance of the people they were defying, and they were then returned to their reservation in June, 1833. Black Hawk lived to be eighty years old, dying in 18-10, and he was laid to rest on the west bank of the river that separated him from his l)eU«'ed home. .

INDIANS IN PIATT COUNTY.

Tlie Pottawatomie and Kickapoo Indians were the most numerous in Piatt County, although representatives of other tribes frequented this section. Shabbona and Shawnes.sab, chiefs of the Pottawatomies, were well known here and generally liked, for both had many admirable characteristics and were fine examples of the Indian race. One of the survivors, who was a public character, went by the name of Captain John. He spent several winter seasons near Montieello, and held the family of James Piatt in warm esteem. There is an interesting story told by the Piatt family which shows that even in pioneer days some of the Indians were well educated. According to it several Indians called.

632

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

at the home of James Piatt, and after being fetl as \yas the custom, asked William Piatt to read to them from a book on the shelf. After Mr. Piatt had comi)lied with the request, one of the Indians took the book and continued reading as fluently as his white friend. He then drew a New Testament from his pocket and showed that he was well acquainted with its contents. The Piatts were very friendly with the Indians, and they responded to this kindness. One bestowed upon James Piatt a part of a deer to show that he had not forgotten the food given him during the War of lsl2. Buck's Pond, north of Monticello, is named for a Delaware brave who was banished for marrying a squaw who had kUled two children. They located on the banks of the Sangamon River, later moving to a pond on land owned by C. W. Piatt Here in time the Indian squaw was taken sick and died and her husband and ten-year-old son, CalLsh, buried her on its banks, and there con- tinued to camp. From then on the name of Buck has been retained, although long ago the grave was opened and the bones of the squaw scat- tered broadcast.

T^^len one of the Indian agents was moving a band of from 500 to 600 Indians westward, he encamped them in the neighborhood of James Piatt, from whom he obtained food for his charges. The money Mr. Piatt received for this food, he invested in land adjoining that which he had already secured, thus proving his faith in the future of the section he had chosen for his permanent home.

CHAPTER IV.

E.\RLY SETTLERS.

THE FIBST SETTLEB — BUILDEB OF SECOND CABIX —

SETTI.F.ES IN 1S2-1 .i PBOIIINENT PIONEER — A

NOTABLE EVENT IN ILUNOIS — WINTER OF THE DEEP SNOW THE BIG FBEEZE — A PERSONAL EX- PERIENCE SETTLERS BETWEEN 1830 AND 1840

FIRST BIRTHS IN COUNTY FIRST DEATHS— THE

"COFFIN tree" — EARLY HILLS EX.\MPLES OF

PIONEER INGENDITY — FIRST GRIST MILL — PIONEER

CHARACTERISTICS EARLY' POSTAL ANNOYANCES

MUCH TY'PHOID FEVER CHILLS .\ND FEVER

OITEN PREVAILED GREEN FLY' PEST — A DEFENDER

OF PIONEER LIFE.

THE FIBST SETTLER.

The first white settler to locate within the present limits of Piatt County was George Hay- worth, who came to Illinois from Teuues.see in 1822 and erected the first cabin, a primitive affair, on the present Lodge place in what is now Monticello. A little later Mr. Hayworth replaced his first residence by another cabin a little more substantial, having the assistance of some friendly Indians in its construction. He left in 1825.

Following Mr. Hayworth, as the second .settler, was James Martin, who arrived in the county in the fall of 1822 from Ohio. His was the second cabin to be built and he proposed becoming a permanent resident. However, after Mrs. Martin died in the cabin, which stood on the Rhoades place, north of Monticello, Mr. Martin went to Indiana, selling his property to a Mr. Daggott. The next spring he and his nephew, with the latter's wife, returned to Piatt County, and they built a cabin in the vicinity of White Heath. In the meanwhile Mr. Dag- gott continued to live on the property he bought from Mr. Martin until his removal into Cliam- paign County, 111., two years later.

SETTLERS IN 1824.

The year 1824 brought a Mr. HoUiday, whose cabin was built near Mr. Hayworth's, and its site is now included in the city of Monticello. After a short time he sold this cabin to Solomon Carverm, and the latter in turn disposed of it, after using it for a period, to a Mr. Cordell, who moved into it in 1829. In this way the cabins passed from one owner to the other. While wood was plentiful in the growing state, time and tools were required to transform the standing trees into material for e\en the simplest home. When a nian"s family or means outgrew his first cabin, he usually sold it to one whose requirements were less, and built for him- self a home more commodious. The little log shacks were easily moved from one claim to another, and some of them stood for many years after the surrounding country had been built up. .\nother settler of 1824 was Abraham Han- line, who came to Piatt County in April of that ,vear. accompanied by his four sons. .Vbraham, Jacob, James and Nathan. The good wife and mother of the family had died, and perhaps the father and sons sought a change of home to divert their minds from their great loss. Abra- ham Hanline the elder took up a claim of 160

nir T\\[I s \ 1I\1 1 Sf 1 1 slJJl \U 1 11 si HOI s| I\ I I \T1 e()LM\

THE OLD COURT HOUSE

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

633

acres in the neighborhood of Coon Sirring, north of Monticello, and began at once the usual task of the pioneer of clearing the land and erecting a cabin. A Mr. York built a cabin In 1824, which was a historic one, in that it was the first to be put up within what is now Goose Creek Township.

A PKOMINENT PIONEER.

For several years there appear to have been no further settlements, but in 1S20 there came into this region a man who was destined to play an important part in the history of the county, for he was James A. Piatt. Mr. Piatt was a man of more than usual intelligence, and pos- sessed some means. Having traveled through this part of the state he became so favorably impressed with the section which embraces the larger portion of the present city of Monticello, he bought fXIO acres of laud and brought his family to It from Indiana. The history of this typical iiioneer and his family will be taken up at length further on in this work, in con- junction with the development of the county. The original home of the Piatt family in the county that bears its name was the cabin built by Mr. Ilayworth, bought liy Mr. Piatt in 1820.

In 1830 Mr. Cordell, whose son, William, be- came one of Piatt's reliable co-laborers, built a cabin on what is now known as Madden's Run, and It was the first in that section. Later a Mr. Stout bought this home, and the stream for a time bore his name, being called Stout's Branch. That same year David Cordell built a cabin on what was later known as the Welling- ton place, and his cabin, with that of Mr. York's, were said to be then the only two north of the Sangamon River between Friend's Creek and Cheney's Grove. The year 1830 also brought a Mr. Fry, whose cabin was built north of the mouth of Goose Creek ; and a Mr. Terry also came to the county in this same year, and not only built his own cabin, but one for his mother- in-law, Mrs. Randolph, and these were in what is now the southern part of the fair grounds.

^ WINTEE OF THE DEEP SNOW.

During the winter of lS.30-1 occurred what was known as the "deep snow." a condition being brought about that has not since been equaled in this state. In the late fall the snow began to fall, and the precipitation continued with but brief intervals during the entire winter. In addition to the snow, conditions were made

worse by storms of sleet, so that there were alternate layers of ice and snow from 3 to 4 feet deep on a level, and many feet deep in drifts. As the weather was extremely cold, the ice and snow had no chance to melt, and the settlers suffered extremely, some dying from . exposure, as the cabins were not built to with- stand any such extremes of climate. So hard did the snow liecome packed that heavily loaded wagons could be drawn over the crust without breaking through, and it appeared as though nothing could be done to bring about normal conditions of living. Owing to the unusual severity of the winter, the wild animals either soughc hibernating places or perished from the cold, and the settlers who had relied upon the animals they could kill to supply them with meat almost starved for lack of sufficient food. The effects of the deep snow were felt in the lack of game for several seasons afterward, but at no time until they were exterminated were the wild denizens of the woods and prairies as scarce as during the winter of 1830-1. ^

With the opening up of spring, and the in- creasing heat of the sun, the snow melted, swelling the streams ami covering nearly all of the surrounding land with so much water that for a time it appeared that the settlers would suffer as severely from an overflow of water as they had from the surplus of snow. While Piatt County has never experienced since such a heavy fall of snow, the winter of 1836 was very severe, and it was marked by the "big freeze," as it was locally called. It was during January of that year that the snow then on the ground was turned by rain into a heavy slush, several inches in depth. A sudden change in temperature, almost instantaneous, from tem- perate to frigid, congealed the slush and froze the feet of wild and domestic animals and the human beings unfortunate enough to be caught out in the storm. An authentic account of the change was told by one of the old settlers. Ezra Marquiss, now deceased, as follows :

"It was raining the fore part of the day and I had been gathering hogs. I reached home about ten o'clock, ate my dinner, and started out to see how the weather looked. As I went out of the south side of the house, which was 16x18 feet square, it was still raining. I walked slowly to the west side of the house to find it snowing, and liy the time I had reached the north side the slush on the ground was frozen over. The second or third day after the freeze,

634

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

a hired man and I started to take our horses over to Salt Creek to be shod. Father helped lis to start and we got the horses over the creek, which was from bluff to bluff, quite easily, by carrying ashes and scattering for them to walk on ; but when we reached the prairie the horses could scarcely move in some places. In order to get them over sloughs and ponds one of us would take hold of the bridle rein while the other would push the horse; but though the start was made early in the morning, and not- withstanding the pushing and pulling, night found us only about half way over, five or six miles from home. We left the horses standing on the icy plain and returned home for the night. In the morning we returned to the horses, and the remainder of the journey seemed less difficult."

During 1831, Captain Olney built a cabin on the place later owned by Ezra Marquiss quoted as an authority above. A son-in-law. a Mr. Lawrence, built the cabin that was the first house owned by Mr. Marquiss. Captain Olney's sons also bec-ame settlers for a time. Their parents died in the county and were buried at Hickory Point, but the sons later moved away. The year 1S33 brought Abraham Marquiss and his family to the county.

SETTLERS FROM 1830 TO 1840.

.\mong the settlers of Piatt County from 1830 to 1810 the following may be mentioned in addi- tion to the above: William Barnes, John and Richard Madden, Samuel Olney, Joseph Mallory, Isaac Williams, Samuel Suver, Cyrus Widick, and Michael Dillow. .\ little later on came the Aters, the Baileys, James Hart, Jesse, William and Richard Monroe, Samuel Harshbarger, James Utterback, Joseph and Luther Moore, Ezra Fay, Daniel Harshbarger, Simori and Nathaniel Shonkwiler, and Samuel Havely. Not so very long afterward Piatt County's popula- tion was increased by the arrival of Abraham Collins, John Tenbrook, Samuel West, A. J. Wiley, A. Rizeor, John Argo, John Welsh, Wil- liam Smock, Peter Adams, George and Silas Evans, the Armsworths, the Coons, Dr. Burrill, and others. The majority of these early settlers were native Americans, but later on in the his- tory of the county England. Ireland and Ger- many contributed some very desirable and sub- stantia] citizens.

FIRST BIRTHS.

The first white child in Piatt County was one born to a family which had temporarily located near Camp Creek bridge, but as these people soon went out of the county, no record has been kept of either the name or date. The first re- corded birth was that of a daughter of Henry Sadorus, who was born at the home of James Piatt in the spring of 1830. The first male child born in the county was Jacob Piatt, whose liirth occurred in January, 1831. Probably tlie next children born to white settlers in the county were: Frances Williams, daughter of Isaac Williams, and Mary E. Monroe, who be- came Mrs. Gamaliel Gregory.

FIR.ST DE.^THS.

The first person to die in Piatt County as far as known, was a Mrs. Martin. The material for her coffin, made by the neighbors, was taken from a walnut tree which stood on an island a little below the Bender ford of the Sangamon River. Coffins for Mrs. Randolph, Mrs. Terry and Mrs. Olney, who early passed away, were also made from this tree, as were those for Mrs. York, Mr. Holliday and Mr. Ayers, and it gained the grewsome name of the ''coffin tree." It not only furnished wood for coffins, but Abraham Marquiss and Ezra Marquiss made a substantial talile from some of its brandies, while William Piatt secured material for several 1>edsteads.

E.\KI,Y MILLS.

When the pioneers located in Piatt County they found none of the necessary adjuncts to civilization. Not only were they forced to raise the commodities needed for food, but they had to crush or grind their grain for use on tlie table, as there were no mills within a distance that would permit the hauling of the grain. In order to crush the corn and wheat into a coarse flour, the settlers used what was called a hom- iny block. According to the description of this rude hand mill, given by those who once used it, a hominy block was made by making a hole about 1% feet deep in a block of wood 3 feet long and about 2^4 feet wide. A block of wood, in which a wedge had been forced was then fastened to a joint of the cabin, the board with its hole was placed beneath the sweep so that when it was forced to the bottom of the hole it would pound the grain and then spring hack into position. The finest portion was made into

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

635

bread, and the coarse part of the corn was used for hominy. A little less crude than this ap- pliance was the regular hand mill that had mill stones. Mr. Hanline made a mill with two stones 10 inches in diameter, which he fixed in a section of a hollow tree. The top stone had a hole in its center and another one near its circumference, and in the latter a staff was fastened, its other end being fastened to a cabin joist. This .shaft could be moved so as to make the upper stone rotate upon the lower, but as only a handful of corn could be ground at once, it tooli three men to grind three bushels of corn a day.

FIRST GRIST MILL.

A very interesting description of the first mill erected in Piatt is given by one of the his- torians of the county, who quotes William Mon- roe as saying of the one he assisted in building in Unity Township :

"When we had returned home after the sud- den freeze, Mr. Christopher Mosbarger, who was a millwright, and who had brought his tools along, was at our house. We weve without breadstulf, and he said to us : 'Boys, get your axes and grub-hoes and cut the ice, and by gracious, we makes a mill with prairie nigger- heads.' All went to work and In about four days a mill was made. This mill was afterward moved from Mr. Jesse Monroe's to where Atwood is, and was run by horse-power, grinding ten to twenty bushels a day."

The above mill, was, of course, only a small one, and the first mill of any size was not built until 1838, when Major McRaynolds, James Piatt, Abraham Marquiss. William Barnes, Mr. Sadorus and William Piatt formed a stock company and erected the mill that was run by water power, on the site later occupied by the mill owned by a Mr. Mcintosh.

PIONKER CHABACTERI.STICS.

Tlie pioneers of Piatt County passed through experiences during the early days that were similar to those of other frontiersmen of the Middle West. As has been stated, they were fortunate in escaping any serious difficulties with the Indians, but endured many privations and when the inclemency of the weather brought unusual conditions for which they were not pre- pared, there was much suffering. They were a hardy people, however, and had come to this region fully prepared to give of their best to

develop the new country. Had they been less brave and hardy, willing to work and endure, very probably Piatt County's history would have been entirely different, and much of its present prosperity would never have come into being.

The record of many pleasant iucidents is pre- served, as well as those of graver import, for the pioneers naturally enjoyed mingling with their kind, and the interchange of opinions was as interesting then as now. They were of a practical turn of mind, and oftentimes made their friendly gatherings yield benefit to the community, or some individual. When a house or barn was to be "raised," the neighbors would gather, the men doing the outside work, the wives perparing a bountiful meal, and afterward all would join in the social recreations that were then popular. At other times, when fruit be- came plentiful, perhaps apple-paring bees would bring the people together, and a traveling preacher or political speaker always met with a warm welcome. When sickness vLsited a fam- ily, the real kindness of the community was called forth, and friendships were formed and cemented that have been carried down into the present generation.

There was little wealth in the county during pioneer days, but neither was there dire poverty, perhaps because then one neighbor shared with another, and there were none of the violent contrasts offered in a modern community. Money was scarce, but the greater part of the food- stuffs were raised on the farm, and such as were not needed were traded about among the neigh- bors, or for store goods at the nearest trading point. Thus it was that as their needs were few, their desire for wealth was not strong, although all were possessed with the laudable ambition of providing well for their families, and their hospitality was unbounded. They, as a class, seemed to desire to amass enough to give the growing children a better chance than was vouchsafed themselves, and when such a spirit prevails, a community is bound to flourish, and its_ people grow in character and worldly possessions, for it urges to industry and thrift, and guards against idleness and dis- sipation.

The early settlers had many annoyances with which to contend that would seem very irksome in the twentieth centnry. Government postal service was practically unl<nown, the mails being carried on horsebaclv in saddlebags by one or another neighbor from the nearest trad-

636

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

ing point, many miles away. Postage was very liigh, being from 10 to 2.j cents a letter, accord- ing to the distance It was .sent, and it was usually paid by the one who received the epistle, although the sender could also pay It if he so desired. Of course when the stjige lines began to run through the county, the malls were carried by theui, and letters were much more sure of delivery. It is ea.sy to see what these hardy jieople suffered from homesiclvness and anxiety. Xone came into the county without leaving relatives and friends behind, with whom there could be only limited communication. Little wonder is it that once a member of a family became established in the new home, he sought in every way to have his near and dear ones join him, so that it often happened that there were whole communities composed t)f those who were bound together by bouds of kinship or warm friendship, and intermarriages were freauent.

In addition to the severity of the winter weather, the settlers had to contend with the vagaries of other seasons, suffering in the late summer and early fall from the infections caused by malarial exhalations which arose from the swamps and low lands. As they knew noth- ing about modern sanitation or preventive meth- ods, typhoid fever was very frequent, and sometimes the visitation of the disease was so heavy as to become a plague, while "ague"' was generally prevalent. Green flies tormented not only the cattle and horses, but people as well, there being well authenticated cases where death resulted from the effects of the sting of these pestiferous insects. To avoid these pests, during the late summer, nearly all traveling was done at night. Trairie fires were of frequent occurrence, and the settlers often lost everything they possessed by the ravening flames whicli they were but poorly prepared to overcome.

Pioneer life, however, has its defenders. One of the aged settlers of the county, who vividly recalls the early days when his father's house was the stopping place for all travelers, declares that while people now have more luxuries and their homes are filled with comforts not in ex- istence during his boyhood, the generous, open- hearted hospitality of pioneer days is one of the disapi)earing virtues. When he was a lad, according to his statement, none asked who a man was, but welcomed him and gave him of their best, hospitality, as said above, being almost a religion. This spirit of kindly charity,

however, it umst be confessed, met sometimes with base return, as is evidenced by the case of the generous settler who sheltered a man and his family, only to have him deprive his host of the very home in which they had visited. Per- haps human nature was much the same then as now, both good and bad prevailed in those early days, just as at present.

With the further opening uii of the county, and the coming into it of more people, Piatt County emerged from its pioneer stite and took upon itself the responsibilities of a separate organization, and instituted and supported various private and public movements calculated to keep pace with the growth of similar coun- ties. That its people have succeeded, the remainder of this volume is ample proof.

CHAPTER V.

COUNTY ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT.

PI.\TT FIRST A PABT OF MACOX AND DEWITT

SEPARATED IN 1841 — GIVE^' ITS PRESENT NAME

— BOUNDARIES — POPIXATION NO COUNTY SEAT

STRUG0IJ:S — FIRST COUNTY ELECTION — DIVISION

INTO TOWNSHIPS COURTHOUSES FIRST ONE DE-

STROI-ED BY FIRE — SECOND DISMANTLED BY

STORM PRESENT COURTHOUSE — CORNER STONE

LAID IN FALL OF 190-3 — OCCUPIED JANUARY, 1905

^-CIRCUIT JUDGES WHO HAVE PRESIDED HERE

COUNTY JAIL — COUNTY POOR FARM EARLY PRO- VISION MADE NEW BUILDINGS COMPLETED IN

1902 ADEQUATE ACCOMMODATIONS — LIST qF

STEWARDS VALUE OF COUNTY'S PUBLIC BUILD- INGS— MUCH LOCAL PRIDE.

PIATT ONCE PART OF OTHER COUNTIES.

When the first settlers came to Piatt County, it formed a part of Macon and DeWitt counties, and for some years the affairs of this region were administered from a far distant county .seat, entailing considerable inconvenience upon those who had to repair to a central seat of government, in times when travel was done in a very primitive mnnner.

Although there was considerable discussion among individuals as to remedial measures, nothing of a public nature was done until about 1S.S7. when a meeting was called to take up the

Il I I I I II till I I • I I I I I I 1 I

I I r - II

636

lllSTt)l!V ot<- PIATT COrNTY.

iug (joiiit, many tiiiies away. IVwtage whs very liigh, beiiif! from 1ft to 2."! cents a letler, ati-mxl- iiig to the Oi^tawe It was stmt, siml U was usu:illy pai<l l<y the* one who rocflvwl tile t'pistle, altluiii^h Uie sender coukl also )>uy it if ho so 'le<<irwl. Of course when tlie sti'Uc lines hegau f.u iiui through tiie county, Uie mails were carri' ' ' nnd It-tters were iiniih more

Milt It !s easy to see wi'at these

liar-J.. iicreO fron) homesickin'ss and

anxiety. -Vone eauie into the I'ount.v without leaving relatives and friends behind, with whom There could be only limited comuiunicatlon. Little wonder Is it that once a metjitter of a funiily be<.'ame established in the new .'loioe. he sought in every way to have his near uru] dear ones join hlw. so that it often haiiinTiPd that tiiere were whole communities comiiosed bt those who were bound together by bouds of klnstiip or warm friendship, and iiitei-marriages «pre freijuent.

In addition to the severity of the winter weatier, the settlers had to contend with the vagaries of other seasons, suffering in the late suuuner and early fall from the infections caused by malarial exhalations which juxMe from ■ the swanii.>s and low landij. As tliey kiii>w iiotJi- ing about modern sanitation or preve!ii;>-» meth- ods, typhoid fever was very freqi!<iil. and sometimes the visitation of the dli«e»,s< was so heavy as to become a plague, while "yiv*-" was generally jirevalent. Oreen flies ti-i ■ ■ '<

only tile cattle and horses, but jvo there helii.i neil authenticated cases resulted from the effects of tho si pesOfenins ;■> v.ts. To avoid ' during tUi nearly all t.

done at n'. fires wer*- ■

occurrence. '!'--!■ '

they posse .- they were !'■ , i

rioneer life, howen^r, Ijjih its defci of the aged settlers of the county, n-. recalls the early days when his fa: . was the stopping place for all travcU' that while people now b:ive more 1 their homes arc filled with comforts Istence during his boyhood, the geni" hearted hospitality of pioneer days is one ■ disai>iiearing virtues. When he was n according to his statement, none asVed wii" ; man was. but welci>nie<l hin; and cave iilni"f their best, hospitality, as sa«l above, heiut tilmost a religion. Tliis .spirit or kbidly «'hHr)ty,

however, Ix mn»i be confessed, met sometimes with base return, as is evidenced by the ease of the gi-nerous settler who sheltered a man and his r'.imily, only to have him deprive his host of tlie very home in which they had visited. Per- 1k:;>. human nature was much the same then ^1.- now, both giwd and had prevailed in those •!;'v days, Just a.s at j.resent. tVlth the further opening up of the county,

.•t the coming h. .:i>iity emerged iiMin itself the ri.iuization, •!;■ jrious private •• keep pace wi ies, That it; i-iiiainder of 0 -

mure people, I'iatt

"•er st;ite and took

■ -s I if a seimrate

I supported

• ^ ealctilated

' T I'OUll

I. the

CllAlTIiU V.

COVNTT OKt>ANlZ.\.T10N AND Gt)VPJKNMBNT.

vrr FIRST A PABT OF MX OX V.NO UtWIlT — -*I.PABATEI> IN IS-M -OIVE."* ITS PRESE.NT SAME -UOUNDABIES — JH)pVf..\TIOK NO COUNTY SEAT

-; nsuocuES — fibst cousty eu^ction — division

:XT0 townships rOtJBTHOrSE.S — FIBST ONF, I)E-

■TBOI-EU BY riBE — SECOND 1)ISMASTI.EI> BY

- .-ORXr — PBESENT COURTIIOfSE CORNER STONE

■il) IN FALL OF VMS OCCUPIED JANUARY, 1900

.(tCtjIT JUDGES WHO H.\VE PBESIDED HEBE — "TY JAIIj COUNTY POOR FABM — EARI..Y PRO- MADE — NEW BlilMlINOS COMPLETED IN liiKQVATE ACC0MMOD.1TI0NS — LIST qF i-^ — V.\LVE OF COUNTY'S PCDLIC ntTlI-D- : CH LOCAL PRIDE.

!■ T ONCE PABT OF OTHEB COUNTIES.

\ hen t!.' first settlers c-ame to Piatt County,

'Mi' ■•' of .\facon and DeWitt c-ounties,

■:irs the .iffalrs of this regiosi

M'iHiM- vii from ■! f:ir 'listiiiit r,,i' >. . entailing (vp«iid»rahle : who had tv if^wir t"

BnrjihyCBmpheHByuihBrs NT

as^

,f.!.E,h:s.q Company

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

637

matter and decide upou some definite pl:iu to obtain a separate division tor the territoi-j' now comprised in Piatt County. The re.sult of this meeting was that Isaac Demorest and William Wright were appointed to carry a petition, which was written by George A. Patterson, an able man of Champaign County, among the people who were to be affected by the proposed legislation. Mr. Demorest circulated his peti- tion in Champaign County to but little purpose, as the people of that locality were apparently satisfied with affairs as they were, but George A. Patterson, securing the assistance of James Piatt and John Piatt, was very successful in that part of Macon County now forming the southern part of Piatt County ; while Abraham and Ezra Marquiss and William Barnes can- vassed DeWitt County, and they too succeeded in getting their petitions well filled with names.

Having thus obtained the e.xpresslon of the majority of the people, Mr. Patterson was appointed to take the matter up with the legis- lature. He called a meeting, which was held at the home of Abraham Marquiss, at whicli a discussion was held as to the name. Isaac Demorest favored naming the new county for Daniel Webster, while William Barnes proposed that of Piatt, and both men spoke at length in favor of their choice. The name of Piatt was selected by the meeting, and Mr. Patterson went to Springfield, from which he wrote back as follows, under date of Januai^j- 7, 1S41 :

"I had the privilege of drawing the bill and with only one amendment it was presented and read yesterday for the first time. One gentle- man has hinted that he would propose to alter the name of our county to that of Grundy, but I have opposed it, because we agreed to have no party political name, and so the name of Piatt will be sustained." In this connection it is interesting to note that later on in the history of Illinois another county took the name of Grundy, which it bears to this day.

As a result of Mr. Patterson's efforts, through an act of legislature, Piatt County was formed in January, 1841, and the following extract from the I'ecord gives the boundaries of the new- county :

"Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois represented in the General Assembly : That all of that part of Macon and DeWitt counties, included within the following boun- daries to-wit : Beginning where the north line of town 15, north, intersects the middle of range 4, east, and running thence north through the

middle of range 4 to the middle of town 19 ; thence east to the west line of range 5 ; thence north to the northwest corner of town 10, north, range D, east ; thence by a direct line to the southwest corner of section 7, town 21, north, range 0 ; thence east to the east line of range 0 ; thence south along the east line of range 0 to the north line of town 15, north ; thence west along the north line of town 15 to the place of beginning, shall constitute a new county of I'iatt." The population of the territory included in the above gi\eu boundaries was then between (JUO and 700.

With the quoting of the naming of the new county it is but just to give a slight account of the family for which it was named, and the part its members have taken in its history.

JAMES A. PIATT.

James A. Piatt, whose name was given to Piatt County, was born April 21, 17S9, probably in Pennsylvania, and he was a son of Abraham Piatt who went at a very early day to New Jersey, and thence to Penn's Valley, Pa., he dying when James A. Piatt was a child. The family subsequently went to Ohio. After return- ing to Pennsylvania in young manhood, Mr. Piatt came back to Ohio, married, and then went to Brookville, Ind., where he was a mer- chant. A man of enterprise even then, he made several changes, finally going to Indianapolis, where he became a tinner, and began traveling out from that city in the interests of this line of business. His travels took him through Illi- nois, and he was so pleased with conditions and the opportunities he saw would be afforded by the country when it was opened up that he bought land and moved to the present site of Monticello in the spring of 1S29. and from then until his death, October 22, 1838, he was prob- ably one of, if not the leading man of Piatt County. His children were William II., John. James A., Richard P., Anna Belle. Noah N. and Jacob, who were born of his marriage with Jemima Ford, who died March 10. 183G ; and a posthumous child, Mary J., whom his second wife, Mahala Oxley, whom he married Decem- ber 12, 1837, bore him a few months after his death. The second Mrs. Piatt died November 16, 1850.

THE COUNTY SEAT.

Piatt County is unique in one respect. Unlike miany of its sister counties, it has never had any county .seat contest, and thus has been preserved

638

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

from the evils of civil conflict ovei- the location of the local seat of government, which has wrought so much dissension in some localities. As soon as the new county was created, Monti- cello was named the county seat, and has since held this distinction.

FIKST COUNTY ELECTIOIS-.

The first county election of Piatt County was held in April, 1841, and John Hughes, W. Bailey and E. Peck were elected as the first county commissioners' court. Joseph King was elected circuit clerk, James Reber, judge, and John Piatt, sheriff. The Piatt family gave the new county its first sheriff, who proved an able olE- cial.

DIVISION INTO TOWNSHIPS.

For a number of years the county was divided into four precincts : Liberty, Monticello, San- gamon and Okaw, but in 1861 the township organization was adopted, and Piatt County was divided into Monticello, Bement, Unity, Cerro Gordo, Willow Branch, Sangamon, Goose Creek, Blue Ridge townships, whose history will be taken up at length in a subsequent chapter.

PIATT COURTHOUSES.

The first courthouse owned by Piatt County was erected in 1S43 by Judge Rickets, on the site of the present courthouse. This little build- ing was built of wood, and after It was moved to the west side of the square, was destroyed by a fire. In 1856 a substantial brick courthouse was erected by Judge Rickets, George Dempsey and John Lowry. When it was built it was regarded as being one of the best of its kind in this part of the state, but after it had suffered severely from storms "n'hich tore off the cupola and a portion of the gable end and roof of the building, the more progressive people of the county felt that a new building was absolutely necessary. In addition, it had become inade- quate for the needs of county business. The first floor was devoted to the county oflicials, all of whom were crowded, while the courtroom proper, and two small rooms adjoining were on the second floor.

Although it was recognized that a new court- house was an imperative necessity, no definite action was taken until at the September meeting in 1002 of the county board, William L. Plunk of Sangamon Township proposed a motion to submit to the people, at the next general elec-

tion, a proposition to issue county bonds for $100,000, for the ijurpose of erecting a court- house not to cost over $75,000, and to make nec- essary repairs upon the jail at a cost not to exceed $25,000. The motion met with the ap- proval of his fellow members and was carried. Such a radical proposition naturally awakened much interest, and the subject was tlioroughly discussed at public meetings, in the press and by individuals, so that when the proposition came before the voters at the November election, 1902, the people understood its value, and the importance of voting intelligently upon it. As a result of the publicity given the measure, it was carried by a majority of 167 votes. The bond issue wa^ made and sold January 20, 1903, to the First National Bank of Monticello at a premium of $1,050 and accraed interest.

Matters thus being satisfactorily adjusted, the supervisors of the county visited a number of county seats and carefully inspected standing courthouses in order to gain an idea of the best style of architecture to adopt, and what con- veniences and improvements were most needed. In March, 1903, the plans which had been pre- ]iared by Joseph W. Royer, of Urbaua, were accepted and the architect was instructed to prepare plans and specifications upon which the contract was let July 8, 1903, to H. B. Walters of Danville for $75,000, with the stipulation that the building be completed by July 15, 1904. The old courthouse was sold at pulilic auction on Slay 26, 1903, and was bought by Lodge Bros, for $138.01, which included the heating plant and the plumbing. The building was entirely removed by the first of August.

PRESENT COURTHOUSE.

• The corner stone of the new building was laid by the Masonic fraternity with imposing cere- monies on September 22. 1903. E.'c-Congressman Owen Scott of Decatur was the principal speaker and he delivered a very able address.

The building, which is a modern three-story lirick structure, has on the east side of the lower floor, the office and vault of the county treasurer, and in the southeast comer the room for the lioard of supervisors. In the northwest corner of this floor are the rooms for the county school superintendent, and south of them is the vault of the county clerk, while in the southwest corner is the public waiting room. On the second floor, above the room of the county superintendent, is that of the sheriff, while south of it are the

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

639

rooms of the county clerk. The county court room e.xtends across the south end of the second floor, and in the southeast corner is the office of the county judge. Just north of this is the state's attorney's office, and north of it is the oflice and vault of the circuit clerk. On the third floor is the circuit court room, a room devoted to the law library, the circuit judge's private room, the attorneys' consultation room, the petit jury room, the grand jury room, and tlie ladies' and gentlemen's waiting rooms.

The new courthouse was occupied by the county officials the fore part of January, 1905. The first judicial order was entered by County Judge F. M. Shortwiler, in a proceeding for the condemnation of land for right of way.

Judges Solon Philbrick, W. C. Johns, W. G. Cochran, F. H. Boggs, Wm. H. Whitfield and Geo. A. Sentel have presided at terms of tlie Circuit court held in the new courthouse.

COUNTY JAIL.

Until 1903, the jail erected in 1867 served Piatt County very adequately for all purposes for which it was designed. It was in the rear of the sheriff's house, and provision was made for the detention of female prisoners, as well as six iron cells for male prisoners. In 1903 the contract for the repairing of the jail was let to V. Jobst & Son, of Peoria, for .$12,488, while the contract for call work was let to the ^'an Dorn Iron Works Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, for $8,600. The contract for heating plants for the courthouse and jail, and for the laying of mains, was awarded to Field, Shorb & Co., of Decatur, for .$1,500, at .$4 per lineal foot for laying the mains. The grand jury at the October term, 1916, of the Circuit court reported that the jail was in excellent condition.

COUNTY POOR F.VRM.

To provide for its dependents, Piatt County bought 293 acres of land in Monticello and Wil- low Branch townships, and of this property, sixty acres was in timber. The first almshouse was built of brick, two-story and basement in height, and contained six rooms on each floor, or eighteen in all. The building for the insane originally was 14x24 feet, and contained two rooms.

For some time prior to 1901, the people of Piatt County had felt that they ought to provide better housing and modern conveniences for their unfortunates, and the matter was finally

brought to the notice of the public so effectually, that in .June, 1901, the county board visited the IKJor farm officially and after a thorough investi- gation, decided that it was necessary to rebuild and remodel. C. S. Bainum, an architect, pre- pared plans and specifications which were ac- cepted, after some modifleations. and bids were advertised for August 26, 1901. The hid was let to George Lux, for |11,750. The buildings were completed the following year and formally ac- cepted by the board. The present buildings com- prise : The main residence, three cottages, three barns, and the engine house. The farm is main- tained by a steward under the supervision of the Poor Farm Committee of the Board of Super- visors.

The following men have beeu stewards of the poor farm: James G. Miner, 1863-07; W. E. Davis, 1867-69: Mrs. E. Davis, 1869-70; E. Gar- ver, 1S70-75; G. Turk, 1875-77; Solomon Leitz, 1877-88 ; W. R. Hyde, 1&SS-91 ; John Lohr, 1891- 92 ; W. R. Hyde, 1892-94 ; D. R. Kemi)er, 1894-98 ; George A. Lindsley, 1898-1901; Ben Cole, 1901- 13: and Charles De Vaux, the present steward.

VALUE OF THE BUILDINGS.

Piatt County values its jniblic buildings as foUlows :

Courthouse and furnishings, $130,000; sheriff's house and jail, .$.3.5,000; poor farm, .$55,000; houses and equipment on poor farm. $40,000.

While Piatt County is nott one of the larger divisions of the state, it has always been re- garded as one of importance as its people have been so reliable and dependable. They have taken an interest in state and national affairs, while maintaining a proper pride in local events, .so that those who have gone from the count.v can look back upon its history and their resi- dence in it with pride. Its organization was accomplished without any of the difficulty other sections so often experienced. The people ask- ing for a new division knew exactly what they wanted, went about securing the necessary names to their petition in an intellligent and orderly way, and when these were secured, sent an able and upright man to represent them be- fore the legislature. That body, recognizing all these facts, granted the request of the petition- ers quickly and without controversy, and thus It is that Piatt County was born, and since then it has been developed in the same, quiet unos- tentatious manner. Its leading men have never sought to bring it into undue prominence, pre-

640

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

ferring to have it knowu as a solid, conserva- tive region, tlie liome of ineu of probity, and not one that invited the entrance of industries that were not properly backed. The results speak for themselves.

CHAPTER VI.

POLITICAL REPRESENTATION.

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IMPOETANT EVENTS — PIATT' VOTED FXBST IN 1S44 — THREE PARTT ORGANIZATIONS SOUGHT POWER — DEMOCRATS SUC- CESSFUL WHIGS WON IN 1S48 AND DEMOCRATS

IN 1852 — IN 185G THE rb:publican party en- tered THE FIELD — HOW PIATT TREATED ABRAHAM LINCOLN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF ISGO — RE- ELECTION OF MR. LINCOLN IN 1864 RESULTS AS

TO LEADING PARTIES IN PIATT IN 1S6S-1872-1S76-

18S0-1884-1S8S-1892-1S96-1900-1901- 1908 - 1912-

1910 PIATT LEGISLATORS — LOCAL REPRESENTA- TION state's ATTORNEYS COUNTY JUDGES

COUNTY CLERKS — CIRCUIT CLERKS COUNTY

TREASURERS — SHERIFFS — COUNTY' SCHOOL SUPER- INTENDENTS SURVEYORS CORONERS MAS- TERS IN CHANCERY.

PRESIDENTIAL EIXCTIONS.

Piatt County, like other counties of Illi- nois, was affected by the various national cam- paigns. As the county was not organized as a separate unit of the state until after the election of 1840, the first presidential election in which its people participatetl as citizens of Piatt County, was that of 3844, when there were three parties in the field, the Democratic, Whig, and Liberty or Anti-Slavery. The Democrats elected James Knox Polk president, and George M. Dal- las vice president. Henry Clay and T. Freling- huysen headed the Whig ticket, and James G. Birn^y and Thomas Jlorris. the Liberty ticket.

The year 1848 brought the Whigs again into power, Zaehary Taylor and Millard Fillmore being elected on that ticket. The Democi'atic candidates were I-ewis Cass and William O. But- ler, and the Free Soil party candidates were Martin Van Buren and Charles F. Adams. The Democrats were again successful in 1852. elect- ing Franklin Pierce and William R. King, as against the Whig candidates, Winfleld Scott and

William A. Graham ; and the Free Democracy candidates, John P. Hale and George W. Julian.

NEW PARTY IN THE FIELD.

In 1S5G there came into being a party that was to e.Kert a power over the country second to none in the history of the United States. Although its candidates in that year were unsuccessful, it gatliered strength and four years later brought into the presidential chair the man who was to carry the nation through its greatest struggle, and free the land from the curse of slavery. The Democrats came into power with James Buchanan as president, and J. C. Breckinridge as vice president, as against John C. Fremont and William L. Dayton, candidates of the Repub- lican party.

HOW PIATT TREATED ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

Before giving the result of the campaign of ISCO, the editor quotes interesting matter rela- tive to Mr. Liuc-oln, from a former history pt Piatt County, written by Miss Piatt.

"In 1S5G, during the presidential campaign, Lincoln came to Monticello to make a speech The speaking was to l)e in the courthouse, and when the time came to proceed to the said place, only two persons were found who were willing to walk with Abraham Lincoln through the streets and to the courthouse. These men were" Ezra Martiuiss, Sr., and Joseph Guy. who carried the flag. The speaking began with these two men for audience, but gradually the number in- creased until the courtroom was nearly full.

"During the senatorial campaign in 1858, a very different greeting awaited Lincoln, who was called by his party to speak at Monticello. A procession nearly a mile long, came down from Champaign County, and another delegation ar- rived from DeWitt County, with the Piatt County delegation in addition. A magnificeut display was made as the throng proceeded to meet Lincoln as he came from Bement. Doug- las, who had .iu.st fulfilled an appointment made by his party in Monticello, met Lincoln on the hill, one mile south of Monticello, and according to Judge Spear, they arrangeil to meet at Be- ment, in F. E. Bryant's house, upon Lincoln's return to the place. At the time of their meet- ing arrangements were concluded for the great senatorial debate which soon followed.

"In the procession that went to meet Lincoln were carried many banners with suggestive mot- toes. One was : 'Cham-paign for Abe ; real pain

HISTOEY OP PIATT COUNTY.

641

for Dug.' After the crowil of some 5,0U0 persons reached the old park, just west of Monticello, Lawrence Weldon of DeWitt County, made the first speech. Lincoln followed him with a two hours' concise and logical speech. Dinner was sumptuously served in the park. Altogether 'twas the greatest day Piatt County had ever seen.

"It seems almost incredible that so great a change could come over the public sentiment of the people of the county during Uvo short years. In 1S56 the people would scarcely pause in tlieir work to look at hiin, while in 1858, they were ready to literally carry him in their arms.'

PIiESIDENTI.41, ELECTION OF 1860.

In 1860 the new Republican party elected Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin, as against the Democratic candidates, J. C. Breck- enridge and Joseph Lane ; the Independent Democratic candidates, Stephen A. Douglas and H. V. Johnson ; and the Constitutional Union candidates, John Bell and Edward Everett.

ELECTION OF 1864.

The wise handling of the grave issues of the Civil War endeared Jlr. Lincoln to the people and he was the logical and successful candidate of the Republican party in 1804, with Andrew Johnson as vice president. The Democrats chose George B. McClellan and George H. Pendleton as their candidates : while the southern Seces- sionists elected Jefferson Davis and Alexander H. Stephens president and vice president of the Confederacy.

ELECTION OF 1808.

In 1808 the Republicans placed t'lysses S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax at the head of their ticket, which was successful at the polls by an overwhelming ma.iority. The Democratic candi- dates were Horatio Seymour and F. P. Blair. The Republicans carried the county by 4.50 ma- .iority and the entire county ticket was elected. General Grant, with Henry Wilson as vice presi- dent, was re-elected on the Republican ticket in 1872 ; while the Democrats and Liberal Repub- licans put Horace Greeley and B. Gratz Brown on their ticket : the Straight-Out Democrats nominated Charles O'Connor and John Quincy Adams ; the Labor Reform party nominated David Davis and Charles O'Connor: and the Prohibitionists nominated James Black and John

Russell. Piatt County went Republican by about 500 majority.

ELECTIONS OF 1S7U AND 1880.

Rutheifoixl B. Hayes and William A. Wheeler were the successful candidates of the Republican party for 1870 ; while the Democrats had Samuel J. Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks before the country ; the Independent Greenbackers had as candidates Peter Cooper and Samuel F. Cary ; the American National had as candidates James B. Walker and D. I'^tzpatrick ; and tlje Prohi- bitionists had as candidates Green Clay Smith and Gideon T. Stewart. Piatt County gave a Republican majority of about 550.

In 1880 James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur were elected on the Republican ticket, as against Winfleld Scott Hancock and William H. English, the Democratic candidates ; James B. Weaver and B. J. Chambers, the Greenback can- didates; and Neal Dow and H. A. Thompson, the I'rohibitionist candidates. Piatt County gave a majority for tlie Republican ticket.

ELECTION OF 1884.

For the first time since 1856, the Democrats were successful in 1884, electing G rover Cleve- land and Thomas \. Hendricks, as against James G. Blaine and John A. Logan on the Republican ticket ; Benjamin F. Butler and A. M. West on the Greenback ticket : and John P. St. Jolui and William Daniel of the Prohibi- tion party. Piatt County went Republican.

ELECTION OF 1888.

In 1S8S the Republicans returne^.1 to power, electing Benjamin F. Harrison and Levi P. Morton, as against the Democratic candidates, Grover Cleveland and Allen G. Thurman ; the Prohibitionist candidates, Clinton B. Fisk and John A. Brooks ; the Union Labor candidates, Alson J. Streeter and C. E. Cunningham ; the United Labor candidates, Robert H. Cowdry and W. H. T. Wakefield : and the American party candidates, James L. Curtis and James B. Greer. Piatt County's returns on this election were: Republicans, 2,174; Democrats, 1,030.

ELECTION OF 1802.

In 1892 Grover Cleveland and Adlai E. Stev- enson were elected on the Democratic ticket, as against Benjamin Harrison and Whitelaw Roid of the Reiiublican party ; James B. Weaver and James J. Field of the People's party; John Bid-

642

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

well and James B. C'l'anliill of tlie ProUibitiou part}- ; Simon Wing and Charles II. Matchett of the Socialist Labor party. Piatt County returns on this election show Democrats. 1.806 ; Uepub- licans, 2,13S.

ELECTION OF 3890.

In 1S9U William JIcKinley and Garret A. Hobart, the Republican candidates, were elected, as against the Free Silver Democratic candi- dates, William Jennings Bryan and Arthur Sewall ; the Populist candidates, William Jen- nings Bryan and Thomas E. Watson : the Pro- hibition candidates, Joshua Levering and Hale Johnson ; the Xational Democratic candidates, John M. Palmer and Simon B. Buckner ; the National Silver candidate.s, William Jennings Bryan and Arthur Sewall ; the Socialist Labor candidates, Charles H. Matchett and Matthew McGuire ; and the Xational party candidates, Charles E. Bently and James H. Southgate. The Piatt County votes were as follows: Republi- can. 2..j77 ; Free Silver Democrat, 1.020.

ELECTIONS OF 1900 AND 1904.

In 1900 William McKinley and Theodore Roo.sevelt were elected on the Republican ticket, as against William Jennings Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson, the Democratic candidates: John G. Woolley and Henry B. Metcalf, the Prohibi- tion candidates : William Jennings Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson, the People's party candi- dates; Wharton Barker and Ignatius Donnelly of the Middle of the Road party : Eugene V. Debs and Job Harriman. the Social Democratic candidates; Joseph F. Maloney and Valentine Remmel. the Socialist Labor candidates: and Seth H. Elli.s and Sam T. Nicholson, the Union Reform candidates. The vote of Piatt County was: Republican, 2,G45; Democrat. 1,902.

In 1904 Theodore Roosevelt and Charles W. Fairbanks were elected on the Republican ticket, Piatt County giving the Republicans 2.."il,"i votes and the Democrats l..'^."4.

ELECTION OF 190S.

In 190S Williiim II. Taft and James S. Sher- man were elected on the Repnbliian ticket. Wil- liam J. Br.vnn and James J. Kern being the Democratic candidates. The Piatt County re- turns in 190S showeil the following figures: Republican. 2."49 ; Democrat. I.ri30.

ELECTIONS OF 1912 AND 1910.

The Democrats came once more into power in 1912. electing Woodrow Wilson and Thomas R. Marshall president and vice president. The can- didates of other parties were : Theodore Roose- velt and Hiram W. Johnson, Progressive; Wil- liam II. Taft, Republican; Eugene Debs, Social- ist; CliaHn, Prohibitionist; and Reimer, Socialist Labor. Piatt County niade the following returns on this election : Democrats, 1 ,399 ; Progres- sives, 1,142; Republicans. 1,055.

In 1916 both President Wilson and Vice Presi- dent Marshall were re-elected.

PLATT LEGISLATORS.

The following Piatt County men have served in the State Assembly: F. E. Bryant, C. F. Tenney, V. S. Ruby, J. A. Hawks, A. L. Rodgers. C. P. Davis, W. C. Hubbard, 0.scar Mansfield, Jas. P. Ownby, Thomas Lamb. J. N. Rodman, H. E. Shaw.

LOCAL REPRESENTATION.

The following named men have served in the several offices since Piatt County was organized :

state's attorneys.

James McDougal. David Campbell. M. R. Rust. John R. Eden. J. P. Boyd. D. L. Bnnn, M. V. Thompson, Samuel R. Reed, Peter A. Hamilton. Albert Emerson, Charles Hughes. James Hicks, II. H. Crea. Charles F. Mansfield, A. C. Edie. Wm. A. Slo.ss. T. J. Kastel. The present incum- bent is Chas. W. Firke.

COUNTY JUDGES.

James Heber. John Hughes, A. G. Boyer, H. C. JleComas. G. L. Spear. Hiram Jackson, Will- iam McReynolds. W. G. Cloyd, H. E. Huston, M. R. Davidson, F. M. Shonkwiler. E. J. Haw- baker and Wm. A. Doss.

COUNTY CLERKS.

Joseph King, J D. Hillis, James F. Outten, J. L. ililler. W. F. Cox. J. A. Ilelman. W. L. Ryder, John Porter, .\. L. Rodgers, B. F. Kagey :\nd Har\-ey Fay.

CIRCUIT CLERKS.

James S. Reber. J. C. Johnson, .\. G. Royer, L. J. Bond. W. T. Foster, W. H. Plunk, G. A. Stadler. Robert Hudgen, J. C. Tippert and B. G. Duncan.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

643

COUNTY TKEASURERS.

X. E. Uhoailes, Cliiirles Watts, S. E. Laugdou, J. T. \'anGund.v, Kelson Reid, Theodore Gross, E. W. Walker, Dan Hall, E. B. Walker, S. M. Funk, Isaac N. Biebinger, Jacob II. Clinc, Ona L. Cline and Win. I'iatt Smith.

John Piatt, Edward Ater, Charles Harris, George Heath, Samuel Moraiu, G. M. Bruftet, I'eter K. Hull, Iteulien Bowman, F. H. Lowry, E. 1". Fisher, W. B. Plunk, E. P. Fisher, A\'. M. Holmes, J. E. Andrew, George E. Miller, J. M. Woolington, C. A. Shiveley, J. M. Woolington, Freeman Clow, Ford Duvall and Geo. A. Linds- ley.

COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.

J. W. Coleman, C. A. Tatman, C. J. Pitkin, Mary I. Reed, G. A. Burgess, George N. Snapp, Allen B. Martin, James H. Martin and Charles Mcintosh.

SURVEYORS.

James Reber, George Heath, James Bryden, C. D. Moore, William McReynolds, C. D. Jloore, Heni-y Eatherton and W. J. Day.

CORONERS.

Reuben Bowman, Jacob Barnes, M. N. Secrist, and W. J. Porter.

MASTEES-IN-CHANCERY.

A. G. Bowyer, A. T. Pipher, S. R. Reed, E. A. Barrington, Albert Emerson, Frank Pittman, H. H. Crea, R. I. Tatman and A. C. Edie.

CHAPTER VII.

COURTS, BENCH AXD BAR.

EARLY ADMINISTRATION OF .JUSTICE — FORMATION OF COMMITTEES OF SAFETi' — NECESSARY ORGANI- ZATIONS— FIRST COURT HELD IN PIATT COUNTY — FIRST PRESIDING JUDGE WAS HON. SAMUEL II. TREAT — EARI,Y LAWYERS — PRESENT ATTORNEY'S — AN ABLE BODY' — JUSTICES OF THE PEACE BY' TOWNSHIPS — BEMENT — CEBRO OORDO — BLUE

RIDGE — GOOSE CREEK MONTICELLO SANGAMON

— WILLOW BRANCH — UNITY.

EARLY' ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE.

To quote from one of the early historians of Piatt County : "The pioneers usually found a way, and sometimes 'twas a way peculiarly their own, to punish persons for their misdeeds. There was a famous rail pulling in Macon County about 1S31 in which many persons from what is now Piatt County participated. Some movers passing through the county stopped uiX)n invitation for lodging at the house of a man who was living on government land. At this house the mo\ er was advised to enter some land. He accordingly left his family with these hos- pitable people and went to a land office and entered the very land his new acquaintance was living on ; and more than this, he returned and ordered him off the place. The one who really had the best light to the place quietly left the cabin and built another on some land of his own, and notified his neighbors of the rascality of the man he had befriended. 'Twas enough! People to the number of 100 collected one night from Sadorus Grove, Salt Creek, what is now Piatt County, and Macon County, and planned to move the improvements to some laud on which the new cabin was and which had been entered by the man who had befriended the mover. A captain was chosen and the 'rail pulling' was fairly begun, when the guilty party made his appearance and a compromise was made. The company contentedly dispersed to their several homes.

"Several years later a company with officers was organized for the purpose of administering .lustice in cases that the law could not well get hold of. Among themselves they were known as 'The Calithumpians.' They were in organiza- tion eight or ten years and 'tis thought they did a good deal of good with tar and feathers ; for, while some were quite severely punished for misdeeds, others were afraid to do wrong." The captain and fia-st lieutenant lived for years in Piatt County, and the captain subsequently be- came a clergyman in Kansas. These committees of safety are usually to be found in all frontier neighborhoods, and are usually composed of the leading men of the community, who in the absence of regularly organized courts of justice, enforce some rude kind of law and order.

FIRST COURT.

The first court of Piatt County was held in a room of the Devore House, known as Old

644

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

Fort, Hon. Saumel H. Treat presiding, and lie was succeeded by Hon. David Davis. Hon. Charles Emerson, A. F. Gallagher, C. B. Smith, Oliver Davis, J. W. Wilkin, J. F. Hughes, E. P. Vail, W. G. Cochran, W. C. Johns. Solon Phil- brick, F. H. Boggs, W. K. Whitfield and George A. Sentel were other judges, all of whom were learned men, possessed in marked degree of those characteristics so necessary to the judi- ciary.

EABLY LAWYERS.

During the earlier days the lawyers to prac- tice in Piatt County came to the county seat from Decatur, lU. Among the first members of the legal profession to make Piatt County their home were Milligan H. C. McComas, A. T. Pipher, Charles Watts, W. E. Lodge and S. R. Reed.

PEESENT LAWYEBS.

The present bar association of Piatt County is composed of some oif the ablest lawyers of this part of the state. The names of these attorneys are as follows :

W. G. Cloyd, M. R. Davidson, C. F. Mansfield, James L. Hicks, A. C. Edie, F. M. Shonkwiler,

E. J. Hawbaker, C. S. Reed, Geo. M. Thomipson, Wm. A. Doss, Chas. W. Firks and T. J. Kastet.

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.

Piatt County has had the following justices of the i)eace :

Bement — Joseph F. Alvord, H. C. Bodman, John Parker, R. H. Noel, J. C. Evans, Geo. L. Spear. Joel Dunn, E. Garrett. J. W. Stark, S. L. Busick, H. Haldeman, Royal Thomas, Wm. Parker. W. G. Snyder, T. J. Mitchell. W. W. Hammond, Geo. W. Poole. James Landls, T. W. Marlow, L. D. Pitts.

Cerro Gordo — Stillman Barber, Wm. Saunders, W. R. Kions, B. Middleton. E. A. Barnwell, A. S. Hawthorne, D. Kellington, C. P. Middleton, 0. E. Overstake, B. G. Duncan. D. B. Espy, T. O. Holcomb, W. J. Wilson, F. S. Betz, T. I. David- son, James A. Fleck.

Blue Ridge — Pi-anklin Gordon, H. K. Gillespie, Thomas Jess, W. D. Fairbanks. C. J. Gillespie, Fred Gillespie, Wm. Do.vle. C. R. Dietz, H. Peck,

F. D. Rinehart.

Goose Creek — John M. Barnes, Elias Win- stead, Henry Marquiss. R. B. Moody. Hugh Wilson. Henry Gllmore, Chas. S. Dewees. C. L. Gilmore, John Mutherspaw.

Monticello — A. J. Wiley, John Hughes, T. Hays, J. C. Johnson, John Oassell, M. N. Secrist, Alonzo T. Pipher, A. J. Snyder, Dartd McWil- liams, E. D. Moore, John Keenan, Daniel Stickel, J. R. Tatman, W. J. Porter. Robert Rentfro, W. L. Lord, R. M. Bragg.

Sangamon — E. B. McGinnis, Wm. B. Bunyard, A. H. Young, Nelson Reid, J. C. Mackey, .Samuel Bowdle, Ross Mitchell, Joseph Close, Wm. Wrench, Geo. DeLand, S. P. Ewing, Geo. W. Wiggins, F. E. Duvall. H. M. Curl.

Willow Branch — Wm. Saunders, Jacob Smith, John M. Dashiel, J. P. Ownby, R. S. Wilhoite, Joseph G. Kile, Eugene Neff, A. H. Lyons, J. C. Weddle, J. B. Irwin, E. E. Dallas.

Unity — J. L. Lewis, J. W. Kagey, J. W. Mer- ritt, Wm. A. Listen, Chas. A. Clark, W. F. Bene- flel, John P. Tenbrook, E. Wren, W. C. Pierson, M. N. Harshbarger. Robert Schultz.

CHAPTER VIII.

MILITARY HISTORY.

PATRIOTISM OF PIATT COUNTY — CIVIL WAB RECORDS PROVE IT — NO CONSCRIPTION IN THIS COUNTY-— APPENDED MILITARY' RECORD — LIST OP REGIMENTS

IN WHICH PIATl' COUNTY' MEN SEEVED NINTH

ILLINOIS INFANTRY FOURTEENTH ILLINOIS IN- FANTRY' REORGANIZED SEVENTEENTH ILLINOIS

INFANTRY — TWENTY'-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY

THIS REGIMENT ORGANIZED BY CAPT. U. S. GRANT TWENTY-SIXTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY — THIRTY- FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY' — THIRTY-FIFTH H-LI- NOIS INFANTRY — THIRTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS IN- FANTRY— THIRTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY'

FORTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY' FOBTY'-NINTH

ILLINOIS INFANTRY' — ^FIFTY-FOUBTH ILLINOIS IN- FANTRY' SIXTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY

SIXTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY' SEVENTY'-SEC-

OND ILLINOIS INFANTRY SEVENTY-THIRD ILLI- NOIS INFANTRY' — MANY' PIATT SOLDIERS IN THIS REGIMENT — NINETY'-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY' — ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY WITH LONG ROSTER OF PIATT COUNTY' SOLDIERS — ■ ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH ILLINOIS IN- FANTRY ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH ILLI- NOIS INFANTRY' — ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH

ILLINOIS INFANTRY' SECOND ILLINOIS CAVALRY

FIFTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY' — SEVENTH ILLINOIS

C.WALRY — TENTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY SIXTEENTH

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

645

ILLINOIS CAVALRY — FIRST ILLINOIS LIGHT ARTIL- LERY— SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR NOT HEAVILY REPRESENTED — GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC — ITS INCEPTION AND ORGANIZATION — THE FIRST GRAND ARMY POST — FIRST ENCAMPMENT — HAR-

KEB POST AT ATWOOD THREE CHARTER MEMBERS

SURVIVING CERRO GORDO POST HAS TWENTY'-FIVE

MEMBERS — HISTORY OF MANSFIELD POST ONE

CHARIER MEMBER LIVING AT MANSFIELD

FRANKLIN POST AT MONTICELLO — POSTS WERE ALSO ORGANIZED AT BEMENT AND LA PLACE.

PATRIOTISM OF PIATT COUNTY.

In a history dealing with military achieve- ment, the people of Piatt County may have no feeling of shame in pointing to the record of men — and in their field, of women — dn the Nation's wars. From the earliest period of the county's settlement a spirit of patriotism has been definitely manifest, and when, in 1837, Judge Emerson, in delivering the first Fourth of July oration, presented the toast : "May this Montieello bring forth another Jefferson," he voiced the ardor and tire of a people whose love of country has continued to be a leading char- acteristic. Tlie call of the country for men to bear arms has never yet failed to find Piatt County prepared to send forth its full quota, or more, and the men who have gone forth from its farms and villages to protect the Nation's honor have spread the fame of Piatt as one of Illinois' most patriotic counties. The men whose courage and strength led them to the settlement and development of this region, and their sons and grandsons who have followed them and who have inherited these sturdy and sterling qualities, have responded valiantly to every demand made upon them, and the same characteristics that contributed to argieultural, commercial, educational, ]irofessional and re- ligious progress, have combined to bring forth a first-class race of fighting men, who upon scores of battlefields have demonstrated that civilians, given the incentive, are formidable to any mili- tary force which may be organized.

I CIVIL WAR RECORDS.

It is but necessary to turn to the records of the Civil War to substantiate the foregoing statements. In that struggle Piatt was not only the banner county of the state in regard to send- ing .soldiers to the front in proportion to its population but it even outranked Illinois in this respect. With the census of 1860 as a basis for

comi>arison, Illinois sent out H}0 soldiers for every 742 inhabitants, while I'iatt County sent out 100 men for ev-ery 580 inhabitants. Out of a population of 0,124, I'iatt County gave to the Union 1,055 soldiers, 240 men in excess of its share. In this connection Piatt County's patriot- ism may be, perhaps, shown in uo better way than by quoting from a speech by C. D. Moore, who, in referring to the Civil War. remarked: "It is difficult for us to realize what our little county did. It is easy enough for us to read the simple statement that Piatt County sent out 1,055 men, but that, when compared with the vast armies that were marshalled upon the field of strife, is a very insignificant number. It can only be made a large number in a relative souse. Suppose there were 2,500 to 3,000 of the able- bodied men of the county drawn up and ready to march from the county today. Think, if you can, what a depletion that would make in the present population of the county. Why, that number of men would have made, in the days of the Revolution, a very respectable army, a rather formidable force ; and yet the number would be no greater in proportion to population than 1,055 was at that time." And further than this, several facts may be taken into considera- tion. We quote from the same authority : "Piatt County more than filled her quota, and that, too, without a draft. She did her duty by making an enrollment of all her able-bodied men, according to law, yet she passed through the fiery ordeal without even the 'smell of the draft being found on her garments.' Not one of that brave band of 1,055 men was induced to go to the front by the offer of a bounty. No bounties were necessary. The only thing in the shape of a local inducement held out was that the county, through the authorities, was guar- anteed the protection of the families of the men while they were absent at the front doing battle for the right. No, there were no drafted men or bounty-jumpers among them. They were volunteers, in the highest and noblest sense of the term. They saw that the nation's life was in .jeopardy ; they saw the uplifted hand of trea- son prepared to strike at her vitals; they beheld her in a deadly grapple with gigantic rebellion ; they heard her call for help, and bravely and heroically answered that call. To them it was no holiday parade, no boy's play, but work — ■ earnest, terribly earnest work. They placed their lives upon their country's altar, and dedi- cated their best energies to the preservation of

646

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

tUe ooimtrys integrity, tlie vindication of the nation's honor, and the re-establishment of the glory and the suiiremacy of our flag."

RECORD OF PIATT COUNTY SOLDIERS.

Eight large volumes of the adjutant-general's reports of Illinois soldiers were carefully sifted in preparing the appended record of regiments and soldiers, but in spite of the fact that no jjains have been spared to make the report accu- rate, mistakes may have crept in. This because throughout the reports two Monticellos were given ; in a number of cases men reported them- selves from places the names of which have been since changed, and in some instances the same person's name was spelled in two, and some- times in three, different ways. Witli a single exception, only histories of regiments are given the original of which appears in the adjutant's reports, and histories are given only of those regiments having the greatest number of Piatt County soldiers.

NINTH IIXINOIS INFANTRY.

Company D — Keller, Mathias ; enlisted Febru- ary S. 1864 ; mustered out July 9, 1865.

FOURTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY', REORGANIZED.

Company K — Clark, Braxton ; recruit, emisted and mustered in April 10, 1865.

SEVENTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY'.

Company H — Recruits : Morgan, Reuben A. ; enlisted December 7, 1863, transferred to Com- pany F, Eighth Illinois Infantry, mustered out July 25, 1861. Shaw, Albert R. ; enlisted Decem- ber 12, 1863, transferred to Company F, Eighth Illinois Infantry. 'Wheeler, Peter A. ; enlisted December 5, 1863, transferred to Company F, Eighth Illinois Infantry.

TWENTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY'.

The Twenty-first Illinois Infantry was organ- ized at Mattoon, 111., May 9, 1861, was mustered into the state service May 19, 1861, by Capt. U. S. Grant, was mustered into the United States service for three years, June 28, by Cap- tain Pitcher, with Col. V. S. Grant, who was commissioned brigadier-general August 6, 1861, and it participated in the battle of Frederick- town, Mo., October 21. It marched with Gen- eral Steele's expedition to Jacksonport, Ark., was then ordered to Corinth, and arrived at Hamburg Landing, May 24, 1S62. It was ordered

to join (ieneral Buell's army in Tennessee, August 24, 1862, arrived at Louisville, Septem- ber 27, 1862, engaged in the battles of Perry- ville and Chaplin HUl, and then marched to Nashville. It was in a severe engagement near .Murfreesboro, December 31, 1862, where it did gallant duty, losing more men than any other regiment engaged, and June 25, 1863, was in a severe skirmish at Liberty Gap. In the battle of Chickamauga, September 10 and 20, 1863, 238 officers and men were lost. It was mus- tered out December 16, ISCo, at .San Antonio, Tex., and discharged at Camp Butler, January IS, 1866. The roster of the regiment, as far as Piatt County is concerned, follows :

Company A — Second Lieutenant Joseph C. .ilvord, enlisted June 15, 1861 ; promoted second lieutenant October 24, 1862 ; killed December 31, 1862. Second Lieutenant Theodore Gross, enlisted June 22, 1861 ; promoted second lieu- tenant January 1, 1863; resigned May 12, 1865. Second Lieutenant Alvin Colmus, ranked as sec- ond lieutenant and mustered out December 16, 1865. Sergeant Robert Dines, enlisted June 15, 1861; killed at Stone River, December 30, 1862. Sergeant Olarkson S. Colvig, enlisted June 15, 1861, mustered out July 5, 1864. Bell, Jonathan, enlisted June 15, 1861, re-enlisted as veteran February 27, 1864 ; mustered out December 16. 1865, as corporal. Bercher, Alex- ander, enlisted June 26, 1861; killed at Stone River, December 30, 1862. Bonser, James, en- listed June 15, 1861; died at Ironton, Missouri, January 1. 1862. Cornell, 'William, enlisted June 22, 1861; mustered out July 5, 1864. Hickman, Jacob, enlisted June 22. 1861 : killed at Chickamauga, Septemljer 19. 1S63. Henry, James, enlisted June 22, 1861 ; mustered out July 5, 1864. Miller, James, enlisted June 26, 1861 ; mustered out July 5, 1864. Peters, Charles, enlisted June 26. 1861 ; killed at Stone River, December 31. 1802. Slusser, John, enlisted June 21. 1861 ; nmstered out July 5, 1864. Tliomp- son, Richard, enlisted June 15, 1861 ; discharged October 11, 1862; disability. Upton. Benjamin, recruit ; died January 9, 1862. '

Company C — Col. William H. Jamison ranked as first lieutenant of Company C, May 3, 1861; promoted captain March 14. 1862 ; promoted major November 15, 1864; promoted lieutenant- colonel July 2, 1865 ; promoted colonel July 13, 1865 ; mustered out December 16. 1865. Cap- tain Josiah W. Clark ranked as captain May 3, 1861 : resigned March 14. 1862. Captain Lunds-

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

647

field J. Linder, enlisted June 14, 1861; pro- moted second lieutenant December 31, 1862; promoted captain Norember 15, 1864; mustered out December 16, 1865. First Lieutenant Wal- ter B. Hoag, ranked as second lieutenant Ma.v 3, 1861 ; promoted first lieutenant March 14, 1SG2 ; mustered out May 2, 1805. First Lieutenant Andrew J. Clark, enlisted as sergeant June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran March 24, 1S64 ; promoted first lieutenant June S, 1865; mus- tered out December 16, 1865. Second Lieuten- ant Emanuel Weigle, enlisted as first sergeant June 14, 1861 ; promoted second lieutenant March 14, 1862; killed December 31, 1862. Sec- ond Lieutenant George W. Roberts, enlisted June 14, 1861; re-enlisted as veteran January 4, 1864 ; promoted first sergeant ; promoted sec- ond lieutenant ; mustered out December 16, 1865. Caldwell, John, enlisted June 14, ISOl ; re-en- listed as veteran January 14, 1804; promoted quartermaster sergeant ; mustered out Decem- ber 16, 1865. Gorhon, Sergeant Samuel E., en- listed June 14, 1861 ; discharged August 4, 1861 ; disability. Stark, Sergeant Benjamin F., en- listed June 14, 1861 ; discharged April 17, 1863 ; disability. Dawson, Corporal William S., en- listed June 14, 1801 ; mustered out July 5,

1864. Holdren, Corporal Marvin, enlisted June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 4, 1864; mustered out December 16, 1865. Dove, Corporal John R., enlisted June 14, 1861 ; mus- tered out July 5, 1864. Hensley, Corporal W., enlisted June 14, 1861 ; mustered out July 10,

1865. Dyer, Corporal John W., enlisted June 14, 1861; mustered out July 5, 1S64. Randall, Corporal Isaac M., enlisted June 14, 1861 ; died January 3, 1862. Dawson, Corporal George R., enlisted June 14, 1861 ; discharged December 5, 1861 ; disability. Lowry, Corporal Lucien W.

. B., enlisted June 14, 1861 : killed at Stone River. Decemher 31, 1862.

Privates — Abbott, Shadraeh T., enlisted June

14, 1861 ; died October 5, 1861. Argo, David J., enlisted June 24, 1861 ; died at St. Louis August

15, 1863. Baker, Henry J., enlisted June 24, 1861; muistered out November 20, 1864. Bow- man, Daniel, enlisted June 24, 1861 ; discharged April 17, 1863; disability. Bradley, Daniel C, enlisted June 24, 1861 ; mustered in June 28, 1861. Bray, Oonrad, enlisted June 26. 1861 ; re- enllsted as veteran January 4, 1864 ; mustered out January 17, 186<3. Carson, Samuel, enlisted June 24, 1861 ; mustered in June 28, 1861. Cum- mings, Abraham S., enlisted June 14, 1861;

mustered in June 28, 1861. Edwards, Jesse M., enlisted June 26, 1861 ; died May 8, 1862. Frank, David E., enlisted June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 4, 1864 ; mustered out Decem- ber 10, 1865, as sergeant. Falon, John C, en- ILsted June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted January 4, 1864; mustered out December 16, 1865. Fogy, Henry, enlisted June 14, 18C1, mustered out July 5, 1804. Gum, Moses, enlisted June 24, 1861; died in Andersonville prison January 4, 1804. Grooms, Isaac, enlisted June 24, 1861, killed at Stone River December 30, 1862. Gal- lagher, Patrick, enlisted June 14, 1861, died in Andersonville prison March 21, 1864. Grames, Isaac, enlisted June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted as vet- eran January 4, 1804 ; mustered out December 10, 1865. Garver, John, enlisted June 24, 1801; mustered out February 22, 1865. Gay, George, enlisted June 14, 1801 ; mustered out July 5, 1804. Haneline, William, enlisted June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 4, 1864 ; mustered out December 16, 1865. Hilliard, Wil- liam J., enlisted June 24, 1801 ; transferred to Marine Brigade March 30, 1863. Hannah, Peter H., enlisted June 14, 1861 ; died in Anderson- ville prison June 23, 1864. Jones, John, en- listed June 14, 1.S01 ; missing at Chickamauga September 20, 1803 ; Kirkland, Hiram J., en- listed June 14, 1801 ; mustered out July 5, 1864. Keller, John, enlisted June 14, 1801 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 4. 1804 ; absent, sick at muster out December 16, 1865. Keller, Edward, W.. enlisted June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted as vet- eran January 4, 1804; mustered out December 10, 1865. Lesley, Wiley, enlisted June 14, 1861 : killed at Stone River December 31, 1862. Lev- enway, Reuben, enlistetl June 26, 1801 ; re- enlisted as veteran January 4, 1804; dis- charged January 8, 1805 ; disability. McGinnis, Theodore W., enlisted June 24. 1861 ; re- enlisted as veteran. Moore. Aaron, enlisted June 20, 1801 ; mustered out July 5, 1864. Mof- fitt, Thomas, Jr., enlisted June 14. 1861 ; trans- ferred to Signal Corps November 1. 1863. Mar- shall, Abraham, enlisted June 14, 1861 ; mustered out July 5, 1864. McLaughlin, John W., en- listed June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 4, 1864. ilann, Thomas, enlisted June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 4, 1864. MeShane, James, enlisted June 14, 1861 ; re- enlisted as veteran January 4, 1864 ; mustered out December 16, 1865. Mattix, Edward, en- listed June 24. 1861; discharged October 12, 1861 ; disability. Newland. Robert, enlisted

648

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

June 24, ISOl ; re-enlisted as veteran January 4, 1S04 ; mustered out December 16, 1S65. Nichols, Jacob, enlisted June 14, 1S61 ; re-enlisted as veteran January i. 1864; mustered out Decem- ber 16, 1865. Rogers, Henry, enlisted June 22, 1861 ; re-enlisted January 14, 1864 ; mustered out December 10, ISOo. Rasor. James, enlisted June 14, ISOl ; discharged April 22, 1862 ; dis- ability. Rathbuu, James, enlisted June 14, 1861 ; killed at Stone River December 31, 1862. Staley, George H., enlisted June 14, 1861 ; mus- tered out July .J, 18G4. Sanders, William, en- listed June 14, 1801 ; mustered out July o, 1864. Still, Jesse C, enlisted June 26, 1861; trans- ferred to Company D as veteran ; mustered out December 16, 1800. Seymour, William, enlisted June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 4, 1864; mustered out December 10, 186.5. Tat- mau, Abla. enlisted June 14, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 4, 1864; mustered out Decem- ber 16, 1865. Thorn, William D., enlisted June 14. ISOl; re-enlisted January 4, 1804. Turby, Joseph, enlisted June 14, 1861 ; discharged May

6. 1863; disability. Kiser, Lewis, enlisted as veteran January 4, 1804 ; mustered out Decem- ber 16, 1865. Sargeant, rhillip E.. enlisted as veteran January 4, 1864; mustered in January

7, 1864. Recruits— Bruffett, David E., enlisted February 1, 1864 ; mustered out December 16, 1805. Buckley, Sylvester, enlisted March 31, 1864; mustered out December 16, 1865. C'laspill, William, discharged November 16, 1863; dis- abilit.v. Haneliue, Elijah, enlisted January 27, 1864; mustered out June 22, 1865. Newport, Allen J., transferred to Company D as veteran ; mustered out December 16, 1865. Patterson, Hamlin, enlisted April 14, 1864 ; mustered out December 16, 1865. Snyder, James, mustered out July 5, 1864. Skillen, John, enlisted Janu- ary 27, 1864 ; mustered out December 16, 1865.

TWENTY-SIXTH ILUNOIS CAV.\LRY.

Company I — Privates : Creen, Charles, en- listed Novemher 8, 1861 ; transferred to Com- pany H ; mustered out July 20, 1865. Marvin, Andrew J., enlisted November 8, 1801 ; died at Cairo March 16, 1862. Marvin, Joshua, enlisted Novemher 8, 1861; discharged July 1, 1862; dis- ability. Smith, James W., enlisted November 8. ■ 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 1, 1864 ; mustered out July 20, 1865. Workman, Francis W., enlisted November S, 1861 ; re-enlisted as

veteran January 1, 1804 ; transferred to Com- pany A ; mustered out July 20, 1865.

THIRTY-FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY'.

Company E — Recruits from Seventy-eighth Illinois Infantry — Drager, Augustus J., enlisted October 20, 1864; mustered out July 12, 1865. Orewell, Christopher H., enlisted October 20, 1864; mustered out July 12, 1865. Moore, Enos P., enlisted October 14, 1864 ; mustered out July 12, 1805. Wilson, Jolin 11., enlisted October 20, 1804; mustered out July 12, 1805.

THIRTY'-FIFTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY".

The Thirty-fiftb Illinois Infantry was organ- ized at Decatur, July 3, 1861 ; was engaged in the battle of Pea Ridge March 6 and 7, 1802; took ijart in the .siege of Corinth ; joined Buell's arm.v at Murfreesboro, Tenn., September 1, 1862 ; engaged in the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8 ; took part in the battle of Stone River; Chickamauga, September 19 and 20, 1863 ; capture of Missionary Ridge, November 25 ; in the Atlantic campaign ; went into camp at Chattanooga, then started for Springfield, 111., and was mustered out September 27, 1864. It marched a total distance of 3,056 miles. The roster of the regiment follows.

Company A — Tabler, Captain Benjamin M., enlisted July 3, 1801 ; resigned December 20, 1861. Thomas. Captain Pierre W., enlisted July 3, 1861 ; promoted from first lieutenant to cap- tain December 25, 1861 ; resigned January 31, 1864. Company A — Sergeants : Sowash, John, enlisted July 3, 1861 ; di-scharged for disability at St. Louis. Schoouover, Jeremiah, enlisted July 3, 1861 ; died at St. Louis October 10, 1861 ; Kirby, Westwood C, enlisted July 3, 1861; ab- sent, sick, at muster out of regiment. Corporals : Foster, George W. T., enlisted July 3, 1861; discharged January 8, 1862. Kirby, Francis M., enlisted July 3. 1861 ; transferred to Invalid Corps. Gilman, Noah, enlisted July 3, 1801 ; detailed Eighth Wisconsin Battery. Judd, Wat- son W.. enlisted July 3, 1801 ; died at St. Louis, January 13, 1862. Mahaffey, John, enlisted July 3, 1861 ; transferred to Invalid Corps. Hinchey, Michael, enlisted July 3. ISOl ; mustered out December 27, 1864. McDowell, Sylvester L., musician, enlisted July 3, 1861 ; mustered out September 27, 1864. Privates — Band, William, enlisted July 3, 1801 ; mustered out September 27, 1864. Cherester, Ephriam, enlisted July 3, 1861 ; died at St. Louis, January 16, 1802.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

649

THIBTY-EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTEY.

Company C— Frank, Frederick, enlisted Aug- ust 4, 1861 ; discliarged February 6, 1863 ; dis- ability. Coon, Alonzo, enlisted as veteran February 29, 1864 ; mustered out March 20, 1866, as first sergeant.

THIRTY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

Company H— Da\-is, Isaac T., enlisted June 28, 1861. Howell, William, enlisted June 28, 1861; killed August 16, 1801.

Company I — Johnson, Thomas J., enlisted February 12, 1861 ; mustered out December 6, 1865, as sergeant.

FOBTY'-FIEST ILLINOIS INFANTEY.

Second Assistant Surgeon Coleman, John W., enlisted September 30, 1862; term expired 1864.

Company A — Buck, Nathan, enlisted Decem- ber 18, 1863 ; transferred to Company A, veteran battery. Cole, Aaron, enlisted January 4, 1864 ; transferred to Company A, veteran battery.

Company C — Short, John, enlisted August 5, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran and transferred to Company A, veteran battery. Lacey, Benjamin F., enlisted August 25, 1861; discharged Oc- tober 19, 1862 ; disability.

FOETY'-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

The Forty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Butler, 111., December 31, 1861, by Col. W. R. Morrison, and was at Fort Donelson February 11, 1862, took part in the battle of Shiloh April 6 and 7 and the siege of Corinth and in August, 1863, moved to Arkansas, returning after the capture of Little Rock to Memphis, November 21, 1863. Three- fourths of the regiment re-enlisted January 15, 1864, and JIarch 10 it was assigned to the Red River expedition. It was mustered out Septem- ber 9, ISC.j, at Paducah, Ky., and was discharged at Camp Butler September 15, 186.5.

Company D — Captain Samuel Goshorn, ranked as captain May 10, 1865 ; mustered in May 19, 1805 ; mustered out September 9, 1865.

Company E — First Lieutenant James M. Maguire. ranked as such October 2.3, 1801 ; mus- tered in December 30, 1861 ; died of wounds May 8, 1863.

Enlisted men of Company D — Byron, Noah, enlisted October 19, 18G1 ; mustered in De- cember 30, 1801 ; re-enlisted as veteran. Burt, Harrison, enlisted October 19, 1861 ; mustered in December 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran.

Cleverstlne, John, enlisted November 15, 1861 ; mu.stered in December .30, 1801 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps June 15, 1864. Frump, Stephen, enlisted November 15, 1861 ; mustered in December 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran. Farro, Thomas, enlisted November 15, 1861 ; mustered in December 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran. Gray, Salathiel F., enlisted November 15, 1861 ; mustered in December 30, 1801 ; re- enlisted as ^'eiteran. Moore, Jacob, enlisted December 1, 1801 ; mustered in December 30, 1861 ; died of wounds February 20, 1862. Moore, William, enlisted December 1, 1861 ; mustered in December 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran. Peck, John, enlisted December 1, 1861 ; mus- tered in December 30, 1801 ; discharged August 20, 1862; disability. Rinck, John J., enlisted December 1, 1801 ; mustered in December 30, 1801 ; re-enlisted as veteran. Welch, Samuel J., enlisted October 19, 1861 ; mustered in December 30, 1861; discharged May 4, 1862; disability. Veterans of Company D — Goshorn, Samuel C, promoted first sergeant, then Cap- tain. Gray, Salathiel T., mustered out Sep- tember 9, 1865, as sergeant. Moore, William, enlisted January 1, 1864 ; mustered in January 10, 1804 ; mustered out September 9, 1805. Rinck, John J., mustered in January 28, 1804 ; mustered out September '9, 1805, as corporal. Ward, John, mustered in January 23, 1864 ; mustered out September 9, 1865, as sergeant.

Privates of Company E — Boyd, William H., mustered in December 30, 1S61 ; re-enlisted as veteran. Patterson, William S., enlisted De- cember 21, 1861 ; imustered in December 30, 1861 ; mustered out January 9, 1865. Veterans — Pem- broke, William K., enlisted January 20, 1804; mustered in January 21, 1864 ; mu.stered out September 9, 1805, as first sergeant ; commis- sioned second lieutenant but not mustered. Boyd, W. II., enlisted January 20, 1804; mus- tered in January 21, 1804 ; mustered out Sep- tember 9, 1805, as sergeant. Benwell, John H., enlisted January ], 1804; mustered in January 12, 1864 ; mustered out September 9, 1865. Re- cruits— Lyles, William, enlisted January 1, 1802 ; killed at Fort Donelson, February 13, 1862. Pembroke, William K., enlisted January 1, 1862 ; mustered June 11, 1863 ; re-enlisted as veteran.

FIFTY'-FOURTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

The Fifty-fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Dubois, Anna, 111., by Col. Thomas W. Harris, in November, 1861, as

650

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

a liart of the "Kt'iitucky Brigade." It was ordered to Cairo, 111., February 24, 1862, left Jackson for Vicksburg May 30, 1803, as a part of the Third Brigade, and July 24, 1803, was ordered to Helena as a part of General Steele's e.xpedition against Little liock. Ark. In Jan- uary, 18tj4, three-fourths of the regiment re- eulistod as veteran volunteers. A iJart of the regiment was captured in 1S64, while guarding a portion of the Memphis & Little Rock Rail- road, but were paroled and arrived at Benton Barracks September 9, 1864. The regiment was mustered out October 15, 1805, and discharged from Camp Bntler October 20, iS05. I'iatt County was well represented.

Company F — Second Lieutenant Joshua Tat- man, enlisted December 15, 1801 ; mustered in February 10, 1862 ; re-enlisted as veteran ; mus- tered out October 15, 1805, as first sergeant ; commissioned second lieutenant but not mus- tered. Sergeant James Camp, enlisted Decem- ber 15, 1861; mustered in February 16, 1802: re-eulisted as veteran January 1, 1864; mus- tered out October 15, 1865. Corporal Henry Wildman, enlisted December 15, 1861 ; mus- tered in February 10, 1802 ; re-enlisted as vet- eran. Campbell Postlewait, musician, enlisted December 15, 1861; mustered in February 16, 1862.

Privates — Alvord, Oscar, enlisted December 15, 1861 ; mustered in February 16, 1862. Birch, Daniel, enlisted December 15, 1861 ; mustered in February 10, 1S62 ; re-enlisted as veteran. Hil- dreth, William, enlisted December 1.5, ISOl ; mustered in February 10, 1802; re-enlisted as veteran January 1, 1804 ; mustered out October

15, 1865. Linder, \Yillianr H., enlisted Decem- ber 15, 1861; musteretl in February 10. 1S62 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 1, 1864; mu.stered out January 31, 1865. Pickens, William, en- listed December 15, 1861 ; mustered in February

16, 1862; re-enlisted as veteran January 1, 1804; mustered out October 15, 1865. Tatman. Riley, enlisted December 15. 1861 ; mustered in Feb- ruary 10, 1802 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 1, 1864 ; mustered out as ctorporal October 15, 1865; Watson, William, enlisted December 1."), 1861; mustered in February 16. 1802; nnis- tered out February 17, 1865. Veterans — Caniii- bell, .lohn F., enlisted January 1. 1864, mus- tered in January 25, 1804; mustered out October 15, 1805. Davis. Joseph M., enlisted January 1, 1S<j4 ; mustered in January 25, 1864 ; .mustered out October 15, 1805. Recruits — Kerns, Shep-

herd L., enlisted March 20, 1864 ; mustered out October 15, 1805.

SI.XTY-SECONl) ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

Recruits — lOichinger, Daniel B.. enlisted Jan- uary 10, 1864; transferred to Company A; mus- lercd out March I'l, 1800.

SIXTY-THIRD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

The Sixty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Dubois. Anna, 111., in December, 1801, and mustered into the United States service April 10, 1802. It participated in the battle of Missionary Ridge, November 2".-24, 1802, and after going into winter quarters .It Iluntsville, a part of the men re-enlisted as veterans and after a furlough rejoined the com- mand, June 15, 1803. The regiment was ordered to join General Sherman, November 11, and in January, 1805, started on a trip through the Carolinas and participated in the battles and sidrmishes of that famous campaign. The regi- ment was complimented by the inspector general of the Army of the Tennessee for the appear- ance of the camp and the soldierly bearing of the men. It took part in the Grand Review at Washington, D. C, May 24, 1805, and was mus- tered out July 13, 1805, having marched in all 0,4.53 miles. The soldiers of the Sixty-third niiuois Volunteer Infantry who came from I'iatt County were as follows :

Veterans : Company D — Beasley, Thomas, en- listed January 4, 1864; mustered out July 13, 1865, as sergeant. Case, James F., enlisted January 1, 1864 ; mustered out July 13, 1865. Dawson. Lewis N., enlisted January 1, 1864 ; mustered out July 13, 1865. Siders. William, enlisted January 1. 1864 ; mustereil out July 13, 1805. Smith, Charles, enlisted January 1, 1864; mustered out July 13, 1865, as corporal. Re- cruits— Burton, Lorenzo D., enlisted June 1, 1802; mustered out May .30. 1805.

Veterans: Company H — Barnes. William H., enlisted January ], 1864; mustered out July 13, 1865. Bureh. (ieorge, enlisted January 1, 1864 ; mustered out Jul.v 13, 1865. Cadwallender, An- drew, enlisted January 1, 1804; n)ustered out July 13. 1805. Freeman. Richard J., enlisted January 1. 1804; flr.st sergeant; di.sebarged Sei)- tember 26, 1864, disability. Harmon, Jesse, en- listed January ], 1804; mu.stered out July 13. 1805. Recruits — Freeman, William, enlisted July ]!), 1862; died at Jackson, Tenn., November IS. 1862.

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!ii« aid Tlereji. '' mml i'mt- si:iu; of i'^eiv ai Hi njDs- •^1 in all

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«j,eii- Jjl; 13, olM K IS®, I. M;

WlUiM,

Jul; 13, 1,»H; il k-

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J a, I; 13, m;

rn^J, 0> ^^^Ty''i^--t.^(^i^^-i^^

Ill I I I I I I I I I I f I I I I I

I I

f f

• I t

. ,0

lllSTttKi tiM i

a pjirt of tbe '•KeutvicK.v liilgaJe." It was oi-dered to Cairo. 111.. I'Vbruary 24, 1862, left Juekson for V^fft^hiv:- M.i.v -'lO, HMXi. :is a p&vt of the Tliii .:i<l ,1fuly 24, 3S«3. wuh

ordered t" . jiiiS of General Steele's

e\|i(>ditiuti ..-....-I ■<■. (i« Hock, Ark. lu Jan- uary. 1,H<">4, thvpc-foiii'tlis of tlie regiuient re- ciiH-Sfi'd iiK ivtonsK voUuiteer.s. A jmrt of the regiment wus <niii!jr<Hl in 1SC4, while gunrdiiti; a portion ..i Mi.- Mi-lin.Uis & I<Utle Rock Uall road. i"tiifd .iiid iirrived nt llenton

Barr •cr ft, 1864. The rejiUnent wa-.

mus: '^ ^uiior 15, 1805. and disch-irsi'd

from Ctnnp Kntler Octolier 2(i, VS«0. Piutt (Nwiity Wits weil reiiresented.

('oiupHtiy F— Second Lieutenant Josliun Tut- iiian. ^;)IL-?tfd Peoember 35, l.SCl ; lausstered in Pel>rHar>- in. 1S02; re-euHsted us vetcinn; luus- terr.fi oui October 15, 1863, as first sergeant; oouiiiii.ssioned second lieutenant l)Ut not mus- teretl. Sergeant James Cainp, enlisted Decem- ber 15, 1861; mustered in February 16, 1862; re-enlisted as veter.an January 1, 1864: mus- tered out October 15, 1865. Corj)oral lU-nry VVildnian, enlisted December 1.5, 1861; miis- iered in February 16, 1862; re-enlisted as vet- eran. Campbell Postlewait, musicLin, enlisted December 15, 1861 ; mustered In February 16, 1862. '^-i

Privates — .\lvovd,- (^ear, eulisteil De<.-eu)bor 15, 1801 ; mustered in February 16, 1802. Blrdi, l.)!)utel, enlisted December 15, 1S<51 ; mustered in February 16, 1862; re-enli.sted as veteran. Hil- drcth. William, enfi«<-efl !>eoember 15, ISGl ; mustered in Feb! i '^•'•~; re-onlisted as

veterun .lauuary i red out October

15, ISCTt. Under. .... • ti-d Decem- ber 15, IWU: niustereii Hi. 1,S62: re-ei)liste<l as vi.*«.ran J;i, mustered out January ;n. is«0. i'uk^i:- A ijijum, en li.sted Decpni!/tt l.'. 18iSl; musten-n it fVhniary

16, 1862; re-enlisji<! s- v.-feran Jim;, nmstered out October I"-. 1-Sf>."». Tati

enlisted December 1.", ISlil ; musteii

ruary 10, 1802; re-enlisted as wteran Januui;. 1, lS(t4; mustered out as ("orporal Octolter 15, 1865: Watson, William, enlisted December 1."), 1861; mustered in Fel>ninry 10. 1862; nnis- tered out February 17, 1S(>5. A'eterans— Ciitnii- I'e!), .Tohu F., enlisted January I. tSt^. nui.? lereii in Juimury 25, IJjKH ; mustered out 0.-tt>iiei 15. 18<'5. Davis. JoMepti M.. «»nlisted Januari f. 1864 : musterwl to .fsnmtrv rJ5 -.wvi- n'ri-^ter"!' •'>at October

« ULJNl Y.

lierd L., euliste<l Mmvii -.'i; isr.i- nuisi. October 15, 186:

SlXTy-SF.Ci'.Mi li.l.HOO 1M.\.MK\

l!e<;niitK--Klchinger, Daniel B.. enlisted Jan- nary ]'.>, iOM; transferred to Company A; nais- leretl out March ti, 1.866.

SI\XV-JIIiail ILIJNOIN INl-ANTBV.

■J'lie .<*ixlv-i!ilM nUnnU Volunteer Infantry "is. .Vnna, 111., iii ' into tbe United It participated in the I ; Kidi^e, Noveiub.;)

2.''i-24, iSr,:^ .:i-.:i winter (juarters

at MuntsviilL. a iiari vu :uv men re-enlisted aa veterans and after a furlough rejoined the com maud, .Tune 15, IWk!. Tlie regiment was ordere-l to join General Sherman, Xovember 11, and ii; January, 1865. started on a trip throujth Hi* Carolinas and participated In the battles and skirmishes of that famous campaign. The regi- ment was complimented by the inspector general of the Army of the Tennessee for the appear ance of the camp and the .soldierly bearing of the men. It'took part in the Grand Review at Wa.shington, IX C, May 24, 1865, and was mus- tered out July 13, ]8<;5, having marcheii in all 6,45;i miles. The soldiers of the Sixty-third niinols Voinutcer Infantry who came from I'latt County were as follows:

Veterans: Company 15 — Beasley, Thomas, en- listed January 4. 1864; mustered out July la, 1865, as sergeant. Case, James F., enlisted .January 1, 1864; mustered out July l.H, IhOf, Dawson. Lewis N., enlisted January 1, 1.S6* ; uiustere'l out July 1.3. 1865. Siders. William, enlistwl .Tanuary 1, 1864; mustered out July 13, 1805. Smith, Charles, enlisted January i, 1864; nnistered out July 1,1, 1.865. as corporal. Ke- iruits — Burton, Lorenzo- D.. enlisted June I. 1.S62; nmstered out May 36. 1865.

Wterans: Company H— Barnes. Wliii-." it cnlisioil January 1, 1864; ni«<t''"-("! •:<>■■■ 1S6.5. Burch. George, enllstei nsustered out July '*i ''■■r (irew, enlisted .i: ■ July i:i. IfMB. i

J<im!;i> • ••■

, o> '^^^>v«^^/^..^^^t/^

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

651

SEVENTY-SECOND ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

The Seventy second Illinois Volunteer Infan- try included about ninety-four men in Ccimpany E, nearly one-flftU of whom were from Piatt County. This regiment rendezvoused at Camp Douglas, Chicago, and was mustered into the .service of the United States August IS, 1802, live days later leaving for Cairo. It left Colum- bus, Ky., for the field November 21, marched six miles south of Oxford, Miss., with a part of the army of General Grant, left Memphis, March 1, 1863, with the Yazoo Pass exijeditiou. marched from Milliken's Bend to Hardtimes Landing, crossed over to Grand Gulf and marched to Raymond, Miss., and at Champion's Hill de- feated the Confederates after an extremely hard-fought battle. At the Big Blaclv Hiver the enemy was pushed so close that tlie bridge was set fire too soon and several hundred prisoners were talveu by the I'niou forces. The Seventy-seeoiul bridged this stream and ad- vanced to within four miles of Vicksburg, May 19, 1863. and with the forces of Sherman and others formed a line of l>attle corresponding with the twelve miles of breastworks and forts. On Jlay 22 it charged the whole line, hut failed to take the works, and laid down to a siege which lasted forty-six days. On June 2.j a line of battle was again formed to take the works, and when Fort Hill was lilown up by General Logan's men. the Forty-fifth Illinois charged, but was subseiiuently forced to retire. On July 3 the Confederates surrendered, and on the following day the Seventy-second Illinois marched into tlie captured city. On October 6 it left Vicksburg and November 0 arrived at I'aducah, Ky.. left Nashville Novemlier 14 and went to Columbia. On Xovember 2!) the regi- ment left for Franklin and by hard marching reached that place ahead of the enemy, and the next da.y was spent in raising breastworks. After the battle of Franklin the Seventy-second marched to Nashville, where it received rein- forcements, and December l.j started in pursuit of Hood's army, capturing its works and a few prisoners. The regiment went into winter quar- ters at Eastport, Miss., and during the winter suffered from lack of rations, but reached New Orleans February 20, 1865. and camped on General Jackson's camping grounds. From there it went to Jlobile Bay, securing Fort Blakely and Moliile. and after marching some time in Alabama started homeward July 19 and

was mustered out at Cliieago August 14, 1865. The men who lielonged to the Seventy-second and came from I'iatt County were as follows:

Privates : Comiiauy E — Adam, Madison A., enlisted August 11, 1S62 ; mustered out August 7, 1865, as corporal. Dean. William S., en- listed August 1, 1862; mustered out August 7, 1865. Mencb, John A., enlisted August 1, 1862; died at Columbus, Ky., October 29, 1862. EUi- cott, Peter F., enlisted Augu.st 9, 1862; dis- charged April i:!, 1863; disability. Hammer, Jeremiah, enlisted August 11, 1862; discharged January 18, 1864; disability. Ingram, John W., enlisted August 9, 1862; mustered out as cor- iporal August 7, 1865. Company G — Grofft, Amasa L. De, enlisted August 14, 1862; mus- tered out July 15, 1865.

SEVENTY-THIBD ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

The record of the Seventy-third Illinois Vol- unteer Infantry is a particularly honorable one. Leaving the state one of the largest regiments, it returned one of the smallest, and its members, officers and men alike, won great reputation for bravery. It is calculated that nearly two-thirds of the organization was wiped away by disease, death or battles during its three years of serv- ice. It was organized at Camp Butler in Aug- ust, 1802, becoming a part of the army of General Buell, and after fighting fiercely at Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, took part in every battle fought by the Army of the Cum- l>erland. from then on to the complete rout of General Hood's army, at Nashville, and the close of the war. After Perryville, it fought at Murfreesboro, Ctiickaniauga, Missionary Ridge and the succession of battles from Chick- amauga to the fall of Atlanta: formed a part of Oiidyke's Brigade at Franklin, which saved the day for the North, and lost its last man killed in driving Hood's army from NashvUle. Piatt County men in the Sevent.v-third were as follows :

Company D — Major Thomas Motherspaw ranked as captain of Company D ; mustered in August 21. 1862; promoted major, September 20, 1863; mustered in June 27, 1864; died of wounds December IS, 1864.

Captain Jonas Jones ranked as first lieuten- ant August 21, 1862 ; promoted captain Septem- ber 20, 18a3; mustered in October 10, 1864; honorably discharged May 15. 1865. First Lieu- tenant Henry A. Bodman. enlisted as sergeant Julv 26. ^S^■,■2■. mustered in August 21. 1862;

652

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

promoted second lieutenaut September 20, ISli.j ; mustered in October 10, 1SC4 ; resigned March

19, 18G."i. First Lieutenant Harrison M. Alvord, enlisted July 24, 18G2; mustered in August 21, 1S62; promoted first lieutenant April 11, 1865; mustered out June 12, 1SG5. Second Lieutenant Reuben B. Winchester ranked as such and mus- tered in August 21, 18(52 ; resigned December 16, 1802. Sergeants : Jones, John S., enlisted July 21, 18<52; mustered in August 21, 1862; mustered out .luue 12, 1865, as first sergeant. Glasgow, Martin V. B., enlisted in July, 1862; mustered in August 31, 1862; mustered out June 12, 1865. Rickets, Barnabas, enlisted July 18, 1862; mustered in August 21, 1862; trans- ferred November 25, 186.3, to accept promotion in a colored regiment. Corporals : Jones, Thomas S., enlisted July 22, 1862 ; mustered in August 2, 1862 ; died of wounds September 20, 1863. Hopkins, Richard S.. enlisted July 26, 1862 ; mustered in August 21, 1862 ; mustered out June 12, 1865, as sergeant. Rush, Thomas S., enlisted July 28, 1862 ; mustered out June 12, 1865, as sergeant ; Garver, Samuel B., en- listed July 25, 1862 ; mustered out June 12, 1865 : wounded. Gay. John, enlLsted July 22. 1862 ; died at Kingston, Georgia. Wiley, Allen, enlisted July 23, 1862 ; discharged November 10, 1864 ; wounds. McFadden, Benjamin, en- listed July 16, 1862; transferred to Veteran Reserve Conis October 17, 1864. Newton, Robert, musician, enlisted .July 20, 1862 ; mus- tered out June 12, 1865. Deter, Martin V., en- listed July 22, 1862; transferred to English Corps July 20, 1864.

Privates : .\bnett, James Y., enlisted July

20. 1862 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. Albert, John M., enlisted August 7, 1802 ; mus- tered out Juue 12. 1865. Barnes. John, enlisted July 26, 1862: died May 16. 1864; wounds. Bruffett. Robert, enlisted July 26, 1862; dis- charged February 10, 1863 ; disability. Branch, Edward, enlisted July 26, 1862; died at Nash- ville, Tennessee, December 16. 1862. Bradshaw, Joseph N., enlisted Jul.v 25, 1S62 ; transferred to English Corps July 10, 1SC2. Brown, John P., enlisted July 24. 1862; mustered out June 12. 1865. Beall, William, enlisted August 7, 1862; died at Nashville, Tennessee, December 23, 1862. Brady, Eiishman, enlisted July 21, 1.862; mustered out June 12, 1865. Brown, David S., enlisted August 4. 1862; discharged April 4, 1863; disability. Brunch, James M., enlL-^ted July 26, 1862; died April 5, 1865;

wounds. Cooper, Levi C, enlisted July .30, 1862 ; died at Murfreesboro, March, 1803. Crou- ise, John, enli-sted July 26, 1862 ; discharged August 26, 1863; wounds. Clover, David, en- listed July 28, 1862; trausferi^ to Invalid Corps. Cooper. Joshua B., enlisted August 12, 1862; died at Nashville, February 12, 1863. Crevission, Thomas, enlisted August 6, 1862 ; discharged May 26. 1865; wounds. Duvall, William, enlisted July 25, 1862 ; discharged Feb- ruary 12, 1863; disability. Duvall, Benjamin, enlisted August 7. 1862; discharged February 17, 1863; disability. Duvall. Jeremiah, enlLsted August 4, 1862 ; discharged December 13. 1862 ; disability. Dence, Wesley, enlisted August 7, 1862; died Nashville, Tenn., December 5, 1862. Ewbank, William M., enlisted August 8, 1862; discharged February 12, 1863; disability. Frump, Joseph, enlisted July 26. 1862; trans- ferred to Invalid Corps. Furguson, Nathaniel L.. enlisted .\ugust 3. 1862 ; mustered out June 12, 1865. Grundy, William H., enlisted July 26, 1862; mustered out June 12. 1865. Gal- lireath, Hugh, enlisted July 26, 1862; trans- ferred to In^"alid Corps. January 16. 1864. Gra- ham. James, enlisted July 26, 1862 ; mustered out June 12, 1865. Garver, Jonas B.. enlisted -August 7, 1862; mustered out June 12. 1865, as sergeant. Hughs, Thomas, enlisted July 23, 1862 ; died at Nashville, Tenn.. December 3, 1862. Howard, Henry JL, enlisted July 24, 1862; mustered out June 12, 1865. Howard, .Tames, enlisted July 24, 1862; discharged May 1, 1863: disabilit.v. Hold, James W., enlisted July 28, 1862; mustered out June 12, 1865. Heath, Samuel, enlisted July 26, 1862; died at Na.shvllle. December 8, 1862. Hotts. Hiram, enlisted July 26, 1862; died at Na.shville De- cember 17, 1862. Heath, Allen, enlisted August 12. 1862; mustered out June 12. 1865. Hobbs, Isaac, enlisted August 7, 1862 ; transferred to English Coi-ps July 20, 1864. Ha\-ely. Warner, enlisted July 26, 1862 ; died at Nashville Decem- ber 2. 1862. Idleman. Edward B., enlisted Au- giist 8, 1862 ; died at Murfreesboro February r>, 1863. Johnson, ,\lexander. enlisted August 7. 1862; died at Nashville November 20, 1862. Knowles. William C. enlisted July 23, 1862; mustered out June 12, 1865. Knapp, Hiram, enlisted .\ugust 4, 1862 ; mustered out June 12, 1865. List. Francis M., enlisted July 26, 1862: nmstered out June 12. 1865 ; Langdon, Lucien, enlisted July 26. 1862 ; mustered out June 12, 1865, as corporal. Le Varnnay, Francis, en-

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

653

listed August 7, 1S62 ; died at Nasliville Febi-u- ary 23, 1863. Long, AVilliaui J., enlisted August 9, 18C2; mustered out June 12, 1863. Mussle- luan, John, enlisted July 21, 1862 ; supposed Idlletl November 30, 1862. Mussleman, William, enlisted July 26, 1862; mustered in August 21, 1S62. Miller, Elias M., enlisted July 26, 1862; mustered out June 12, 1865. Mull, Samuel, en- listed August 8, 1S62; died at Nashville June 16, 1863. Martin, Joseph, enlisted August 7, 1862; transferred to English Corps July 20, 1864. McArdle, Leonard, enlisted August 4, 1862 ; mustered out June 12, 1865. McMillen, John C. E., enlisted July 26, 1862; mustered out June 12, 1865, as coi-poral. Murkle, James H., enlisted August 7, 1S62; died at Nashville December 25, 1862. Madden, William, enlisted July 20. 1862: mustered out June 12, 1805, as corporal. Piper, James H., enlisted August 7, 1862; mustered out June 12, lS6o. Quick, Ells- bury, enlisted August 4, 1802 ; mustered in Au- gust 24, 1862. Rieketts, Samuel T., enlisted July 21, 1862; mustered out June 12. 1865. Reynolds, John, enlisted July 20, 1802 ; mustered out June 12, 1805. Rainwater, John, enlisted July 26, 1862; died at Nashville February 0, 1863. Rice, William H., enlisted July 28, 1862 ; discharged December 5, 1863 ; disability. Rich- ards, Samuel, enlisted August 7, 1862 ; mustered out June 12, 1805. Sturnes. Richard M.. en- listed July 28, 1862; mustered out June 12, 1805. Spencer. James C. enlisted August 7, 1862 ; mustered out June 12. 1865. Spencer, Samuel C, enlisted August 7, 1862; discharged February 4. 1863; ilisability. Secrist, William H., enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 12, 1865. Thorn, James L., enlisted July 26, 1862; died at Stevenson. Alabama, November 19, 1863. Talbert, John T., enlisted August 7, 1862; mustered out June. 12, 1805. Vail. Jack- son, enlisted July 26, 1862; mustered out June 12, 1805. Vail, Stephen, enlisted July 26, 1862 ; discharged February 8, 1863; wounds. William- son, Edward, enlisted July 26, 1862 ; mustered out June 12, 1865. Watrous, Henry, enlisted July 25, 1802; discharged March 8, 1803; wound. Weddle. John, enlisted July 20, 1862; died De- cember il, 1863 ; prisoner Danville. Virginia. Weddle John H., enlisted July 26, 1862; mus- tered out June 12, 1865. Watson, Hiram L., enlisted August 2. 1862; died September 20, 1863; wounds. Watson, Charles A., enlisted August 1, 1802; died Harrisburg, Tennsylvania, May 10, 1865. Williamson, John, enlisted Au-

gust 4, 1862; mustered iu August 21, 1862. Wilson, Samuel, enlisted August 4, 1802 ; died Nashville, Tennessee, January 23, 1863. Wiley, Charles M., enlisted August 8, 18.02 ; discharged October 0, 1802 ; disability. Wiley, George N., enlisted .\ugust S, 1802 ; dietl at Nashville, De- cember 12, 1862. Zorger, Jesse, enlisted August 7, 1802; died September 20, 1863; wounds. Yost, Aaron, recruit, mustered out June 12, 1805.

NINETY-NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

Company E — Lonzadder, George, enlisted Oc- tober 20, 1864; transferred to Forty-sixth Illi- nois Infantry ; mustered out October 8, 1865.

ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

One of the Illinois regiments in which many men from Piatt County fought, and which estab- lished a i^articularly brilliant record, was the One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, which was nmstered into the United States service at Camp Butler September 4, 1862. and consisted of six companies from De- Witt and four from Piatt counties. It pursued and assisted iu the capture of John Morgan ; had an encounter with the Confederates at London ; later fought at Campbell's Station, November 16, 1862, and at Danbridge, Decem- ber 21. Participated iu the battle of Resaca, May 14-15, 1863; Kenesaw Mountain, June 18, and in the engagements thereabout and the sub- sequent fighting around Atlanta. On Septem- ber 28. 1804, it began the pursuit of Hood's army, which was met November 22, at Colum- bia, where se^'eral days of skirinishing began. Near Columbia Pike the regiment suffered a severe loss in the death <if Colonel Lowry, who fell mortally wounded. It took part In the bloody battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864, and in the fight near Nashville, and left camp January 26, 1865, arriving at Washington Feb- ruary 2. .\fter skirmishing with and pursuing the euemy until March 19, the regiment went to Ooldsboro, arriving .March 21, and there awaited clothing and supplies for Sherman's army. It remained at Raleigh until the sur- render of General Johnson, was mustered out at Salisbur.v, N. C, June 21, 1805, and was dis- charged July 2, 1865.

Officers : Colonel Francis H. Lowry, com- missioned captain of Company E, September 24, 1802; mustered in September 5, 1862; pro- moted as lieutenant-colonel February 6, 1863;

654

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

promoted colonel November 10. 1803 ; died of wounds received near Columbia PiUe, battle of Franklin, January 1, 1805. Lieutenant-Colonel Hamilton C. McConias, commissioned Septem- ber 4, 1862 : mustered in September 4. 1862 ; resigned February 6, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel John W. Wood, commissioned first lieutenant of Company F September 4. 1862 ; promoted captain February 6, 1863; promoted major Jan- uary 1, 1865 : promoted lieutenant-colonel June 20, 1865; mustered out (as major) June 21, 1865. Major Uriah M. Lawrence, commissioned captain Company K September 4, 1862; pro- moted major January 9, 1864 ; mustered in May 1, 1864 : honorably discharged September 25. 1864. Adjt. Silas H. Hubbell. became adju- tant September 4, 1865 ; musteretl in September 4. 1802; mustered out June 21, 1865. First Assistant Surgeon Nelson G. Coffin, commis- .sioned September 2, 1862.

Company C — ^Captain David F. Ford, com- missioned and mustered in September 4, 1862 ; resigned February 10, 1864. First Lieutenant George Hummel, enlisted August 13. 1862; pro- moted as first sergeant ; commissioned first lieu- tenant February 10, 1864 ; mustered In March 24. 1864; mustered out June 21. 1,805. Second Lieutenant TTllliam F. McMilleu. commissioned and nuistered iu September 4, 1862; resigned December 15. 1863. Second Lieutenant William H. Plunk, commissioned June 20. 1865 ; mus- tered out June 21, 1865.

Company E — Captain John C. Lowry, en- listed August 11, 1862; promoted second lieu- tenant February 6, 1863 ; promoted first lieuten- ant December 14, 1864 ; promoted captain Janu- ary 1, 1865 ; mustered out June 21. 1865. First Lieutenant Griffin JI. Bruffltt. commissioned sec- ond lieutenant September 7. 1862 ; promoted first lieutenant February 0, 1803 ; resigned December 14, 1864. First Lieutenant James M. Holmes, enlisted August 11, 1802; promoted first ser- geant, then second lieutenant January 1, 1865 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Second Lieutenant Thomas Mearing, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; commissioned second lieutenant but not mus- tered in; mustered out June 21. 180.5.

Company H — Captain Alonzo Newton, com- missioned September 4. 1802 ; resigned Febru- ary 13, 1803. Captain Edgar Camp, enlisted August 8, 1862; promoted first lieutenant Feb- ruary 9, 1863 ; promoted captain February 13, 18a3: killed June 10, 1804. Captain Samuel J. Kidd. enlisted .Vugust 11. 1802: iiromoted second

lieutenant February 13, 1863; promoted first lieutenant February 13, 1863 ; promoted captain June 16, 1S64 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. First Lieutenant Aaron Har.shberger. commis- sioned first lieutenant September 4. 1862 ; re- signed February 9, 1863. First Lietuenant An- drew J. Williams, enlisted as first .sergeant August 11. 1802; promoted second lieutenant February 13, 1803: promoted first lieutenant June 10, 18(54; mustered out June 21. 180.5.

Company K — First Lieutenant Benjamin Brit- tingham ranked as second lieutenant September 24, 1802 ; promoted first lieutenant January 9, 18W ; mustered out June 21, 1805. Second Lieu- tenant Andrew Rodgers ranked as second lieu- tenant June 20, 1865; mustered out June 21, 1805.

Company C — -First Sergeant George L. Mar- qulss enlisted August 13, 1862: discharged Octo- ber IS, 1862, disability.

Sergeants ; Hummel, George, enlisted August 13, 1802 ; promoted first sergeant, then first lieutenant. Adkins, Benjamin F.. enlisted Au- gust 13. 18<32 ; absent, sick, at muster out of regiment. Downes. Samuel E., enlisted August 13, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Martin, Henry, enli.sted August 13. 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Corporals; Warner. Ueuben, enlisted August 13. 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1.805. Bondman, George W., enlisted August 13, 1802 ; discharged April 11, 1805 ; disability. Phillips, Joseph D.. enli.sted August 13. 1862; died as sergeant at Woodsville, Ky.. March 12, 1803. Marquiss. Ezra, enlisted August 13. 1862; discharged July 11. 1862. disability. Bu.Sh, Jesse, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Bond. B. C, enlisted August 1.3, 1802: discharged March 10. 1804; disability. Dove, Emanuel H.. enlisted August 13. 1862; discharged December 10. 1802 ; disability. Cowen. Jacob, enlisted August 14, 1S02 ; mus- tere<l out June 21, 1805. as sergeant. Ooon, Elias M.. musician, enlisted August 13, 1862; discharged October 11, 1863; disabilit.v. Holt, Peter, wagoner, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; died at Andersonville prison September 3, 1804.

Privates: Barnes, William H., enlisted August 13. 1802; absent, sick, at muster out. Byerly, Lewis R., enlisted August 13, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Benden, Thomas, enlisted August 13, 1S62; discharged January 3. 1863; disability. Burget, Samuel, enlisted August 13, 1862; nuistered in September 4, 1862. Bradford, John T.. enlisted August 13, 1862: died at Glas-

6/.yJ^r\

[•Ill

I I • I

• If

654

HISTORY OK I'iATT COUNTY

Itronioted (.oloiiel >ii>i emlipi lO, 18ti;j ; UIwl of wounds recetvcKl ii»ar i'olaDibla Pike, battle of Fniuklin, .Tannary i, 18115. Ueiitenarit-Colonel Haniiltoii 1' Ml', oiiuis. oomniissioiied Seiiteni- l)cr 1, ISI'U. imistsred In Si'ijtemljer 4, 1862; i-fsiijiiel t"- 1 rnary fi, 18*^".. l/leiitennnt-Colonel Ju'tii v.. ^\'.H.'d. eonimissioned first lieutenant of Co'.uinniy F Septeuiher 4, 18C2; promoted ciipt-iln Kebrunry fi. IMW; promoted major Jnn- uary 1. iw^o: (iiorootert lieutenant-colonel .Tuue 20, 1865; uiiistertHi out (as major) June 21, lSCr>. Major f 'rluli M. Lawrence, eonimissioned ciiptnln t'OBiiijiiiy K .September 4. 1S62 : pro- moted maiov J/inuiiry 0, l8tH : mustered in May 1, l.Sftl : honorably disohargetl Sei)ten)ber 25. 1804. Adjt. Silas H. Hutibell. became adju- tant September 4, 1865 ; mustert>l iji September '!. 18(32; mustered out June 21, 18<53. First Assistant Surgeon Nelson G. Coffin, commis- sioned .September 2, 18G2.

Company C — Captain David F. Ford, com- missioned and mustered in Sei)te'inber 4, 1862 ; ■ resigned I-'ebrti.-iry 10, 1864. First Lieutenant George Hummel, enlisted August ]S, 1862; pro- moted as tjrst sergeant ; commissioned first lieu- rcn.Tnt February 10, 1864: mustered In Marcli 24. 1864: mustered out June 21. 1865. Second Lieutenniit William F. MoMillen, commissioned and niu.stered in Sev>tember 4, ]8f!2; resigned December 15, 1863. Second Lieutenant William H. Plunk, commissioned June 20. 1865 ; mus- tered out Juno 21. 1S65.

Company 10 — Captain ,Tobu C. Iiowry, en- listed AUf:i!st n, 1862; promoied .second lieu- tenant I.vtu i.j'-y 6, 186.3; pnmiutw! first lieuten- ant Decenibci .; isi;i; promoted '•.'"plisin Janu- ary 1, 1865: ■ June 21. ).m-v>. First r.ieutenant (.: tit. i"onimiv<!.-v»>(>. »«•- ond lieutenant .'^'■p' : ' -^t lieutenant Feliru'ai- ' -r

14, 18t>». First Li,- i . ,i.,;,i.«.

enlisted August 11, 1S<.!2; piHT.vi,'.! first ser L'eant, then second lieutenant .f. ■ ■■■' f 1865; mustered out June 21, 1865. 8.- ■•nt

Tbomas Wearing, enlisted Ar. li;

( ( iiimlssioned seconil lieutcniinr im:. r..>! hjUS- ii'vod in; mustered out June 21, 1865.

<-"oi!ipan.» n — Oaptain .Vlonzo Newton, com- mis8ione<i Sejitember 4. 1862; resigned Febru- ary in, lWt;i. ''"T't'itM Riienr Camp, enilslixl Auguist 8, 1-'i ■ 'ieutenant Feb

ruary 0, 1m •■ February i:?,

18($,S; killed J-.,- ■ • ■ :' ' '

Kidd, enlisted .\iij;i

lieuttTiunt Febraary IH, 1863; pri>ni..;iid a^flt lieutenant February 18, 1803; promoted cai:<ti;tt) June 16, !S«4; mustered out June 21, 18<»r> First Lieutenant Aaron ilar.shbfrger. contmis- sloued first lieutenant September 4, 1,862; re- signed J'ebruary '.i, IStUi. First Lietuenant An drew J. Williams, enlisted as first sergeant .\ugust n, 18<)2; promoted second lieutenant February i::. 1863 ; promoted first lieutenant June 16, 1WS4: mustered out June 21. 1865.

Conifuiiiy K — First I-ieutenant lienjamin Brit- ringhan. r. .:-::••' t^* M"vnd lieutenant Sejitember

P.entenaul January 9,

i. IRtK. Seiond Lien-

- (I liked Slh .se<-<tfKl lieu-

Li.!:<f«?reil out June 21,

24. !S'-

ISfM:

lenADt vr'i!'-i ;;xu-

lenant Jnne "JO, I'M)..

1865.

Company C — First ^?e^geant Ueorge L. Mar- nulss enlisted August 13, 1862 ; discharged Octo- ber 18, 1862, disability.

."Sergeants : ITummel, George, enlisted August 13, 1862; promoted first sergeant, then first lieutenant. Adkins, Benjamin F., enlisted Au- gust 13. 1862; absent, sick, at muster out of regiment. Downes, Samuel E., enlisted August 13, 1S»»2; mustere<l out June 21, 186.5. M.'irtln, Henry, enlisted August 13, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. CiU'i-crais.: Warner. Reubeu. enli.stwi August 13. 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Bondman. George W.. enlisted August 13, 1.862; discharged April 11, 1865; disjibllity. Pliillips. Joseph D.. enlisted August 13, 1862; liied as .sergeant :it Woodsville, Ky.. Sfarch 12, 180.T Marqniss, Exra. enlisted August 13. 1862; discharged July 11. 1862, ■ disability. Bush. Jesrie, enli.stt'd August 13, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Bond, B. C, enlisted August 13, 1862; discharged March 10, 1864; disability. Dove, Emanuel H., enlisted August 13, 1862; discharged December 16, 1862; disability. Owen, .Tacob, enlisted August 14, 1862. mit-« '(red out ,Tune 21, 1865, as sergeant. <>i K»'««« M., musician, enlisted .Vugust 11. '.><"' disfhai-gpd CK'tolier 11. 1863; dlsnbl': Peter, o-ngoner, enlisted Aiunist i^ ' at .luilersouvllle prison Sf

Privates : Banie.s Wi' k; 1>1(;2: r.h.c^.r ■■■:■ .

: 13,

■; ii'ird, 'It OXhh-

^^^/^-TX

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

655

govv, Ky., May 12, 18G3. Crystal, Thomas T., enlisted August 13, 1S62 ; mustered out June 21, 1SG5. Crystal, Calvin, enlisted August 18, 1802 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Carey, Edwin, enlisted August 13, 1S62; reported to have died in Confederate prison. Coffelt, John R., en- listed August 13, 1S62; killed near Dallas, Georgia, May 31, 1864. Covven, John, enlisted August 14, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Coffin, James B., enlisted August 13, 1862; was absent at muster out. D.yer, John, enlistetl Au- gust 13, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865, as corporal. Dean, Charles, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; transferred to Company E ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Elsea, Jacob, enlisted August

13, 1862 ; reported to have died in Confederate prison. Elsea, Abraham, enlisted in August, 1862; died at Glasgow. Ky., June 21, 1863. Ellis, John R., enlisted August 14, 1862; trans- ferred to Colvln's Illinois Battery April 10, 1864. England, Isaac W., enlisted August 13, 1862 ; died at Atlanta, Georgia. October 28, 1864. Fitzwater, Wesley, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Fogleseng, Martin, enlisted August 14, 1862 ; detached at muster out of regiment. Gross, Henry, enlisted August 13, 1862; discharged January 3, 1863; disability. Graham, Joseph, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; trans- ferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 13,

1864. Garwood, Silas D., enlisted August 13, 18C2 ; died at Camp Nelson, Ky., December 13, 1863. Hollorin, Hugh, enlisted August 1.3, 1802 ; discharged May 12, 1863; disability. Hudson, William, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; died at Ander- sonville pri.son, August 18. 1864. Hflneline. Peter, enlisted August 22, 1802 ; discharged Oc- tober 11, 1863 ; disability. Hubbart, Thomas C, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Haneline, David, enlisted August 13, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Hannah, James H., enlisted August 13. 1862; died at Woodson- ville, Ky., December 31, 18C2. Hannah. Hugh v., enlisted August 13, 1862 ; died in prison at Richmond, Va.. March 27, 1864. Huffman, George, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Houser, John, enlisted August

14, 1862 ; died at Elizabethtown, Ky.. November 18, 1862. Havener, John A., enlisted August 13. 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Inguiu, Harrison, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; di-scharged November 19, 1862 ; disability. Izer. John, en- listed August 14. 1862; mustered out June 21,

1865. I^efever, John A., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865, as corporal.

Lefever, David S., enlisted August 11, 1802; discharged October 11, 1803, as corporal ; disa- bility. Kesner, Simeon, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1805, as corporal. Kearney, Hinton, enlisted August 13, 1802; dis- charged October 13, 1802. Knott, Johu M., en- listed August 14, 1802; di.scliarged Octotier 11, 1863; disability. Miller, Jacob, enlisted August 13, 1862; transferred to Colvin's Illinois Bat- tery AprU 30. 1804. Miller, John N.. enlisted August 13, 1862; killed near Dallas. Ga., May 27, 1864. Milligan, Thomas, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; mustered in September 4, 1802. Mad- den, John S., enlisted August 13, 1802 ; mustered in September 4, 1862. Montgomery, John, en- listed August 13, 1862 ; died in prison at Rich- mond, Va., December 19, 1863. Mitchell, Nel- son, enlisted August 13, 1802 ; transferred to Colvin's Illinois Battery April 30, 1S04. Morse, James, enlisted August 15, 1862 ; mustered in September 4, 1862. Norris, Elisha B., enlisted August 13, 1862 ; discharged September 3, 1863 ; disability. Nowlan, Michael, enlisted August

13, 1862 ; died in prison at Richmond. Va., De- cember 13, 1803. Plunk, John E., enlisted Au- gust 14, 1862; died in Piatt county. 111., June

14. 1804. Plunk, William H., enlisted August 14, 1802; mustered out June 21, 1865, as first sergeant. Rodgers, John B., enlisted August 18, 1862 ; died at Elizabethtown, Ky., November

29, 1862. Roberts, Aaron B., enlisted August 13, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Reid, Nelson, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1805, as corporal. Ross, Aquilla, en- listed August 13, 1S62 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Rowlin, Leonard, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; transferred to Colvin's Illinois Battery April

30, 1864. Rowlin, Henry, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; transferred to Colvin's Illinois Battery April 30, 1864. Ritchbark, Isaac, enlisted Au- gust 13, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Shep- pard, John, enlisted August 14, 1862 ; died at Knoxville, Tenn., January 10, 1S64. Smith, Alexander, enlisted August 13, 1802 ; transferred to Colvin's Illinois Battery April .30, 1862. Schle- noker, Jacob, enlisted August 13, 1862; died near Atlanta, Georgia, August 8, 1864. Steel, Samuel, enlisted Augu.st 1.'!, 1862 ; killed near Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Senseny, James, enlisted .\ugust 13, 1862 ; mustered out June 21 , 1865. Sanders, Andrew J., enlisted August 14, 1862; died at Woodsonville, Ky.. March 6, 1S03. Smidts, Michael, enlisted August 14, 1862; died at Woodsonville, Ky., July 9, 1803. Shaffer,

656

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

lleury, enlisteil August 18, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Taylor, John L., enlisted August 13, 1862; discharged April 4, 1S63 ; disability. Templin, Samuel J., enlisted July 14, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Uhl, John, enlisted August 15, 1S62; mustered out June 21, 1865, as corporal. Wingard, Andrew J., enlisted August 14, 1862 ; discharged April 18, 1863 ; dis- aliility.

Company E — Corporals: Tritt, Francis M., enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, ISO-j. Moore, George, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out May 20, 1865. Sutherland, Orange B., enlisted August 1, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Albert, Jacob, enlisted Au- gust 11, 1862 ; mustered in in September, 1862. Westcott, Joel, enlisted August 11, 1862; mus- tered out June 21, 1865. McCann, William, en- listed August 11, 1862; mustered out Juue 21, 1865. Timmons, William H. H., enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1S65. Herron, James H.. musician, enlisted August 11, 1862; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps February 6, 1864. Seppel, Ambrose, enlisted August 11, 1862; died at Andersonville prison April 1, 1864. Bush, Jesse, wagoner, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865.

Privates : Anderson, William, enlisted August 11. 1S62; discharged March 27, 1863, disability. Albert, James M., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; died at Elizabethtown, Kentucky, December S, 1862. Allman, Edwin J., enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Applegate, Elias, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered in Septem- ber 5. 1S62. Applegate, Randolph, enlisted Au- gust 11, 1862 ; died at Knoxville, Tenn., June 16, 1864. Andrews, John, enlisted August 11, 1862; discharged January 19, 1863; disability. Bush, Jacob, enlisted August 11, 1862; dis- charged February 19, 1863; disability. Bailey, James, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; discharged February 19, 1863 ; disability. Burch, John W.. enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21. 1865. Blacker. Joseph, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Blacker, William H., enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Babcock, Elias, enlisted August 11, 1862; transferred to Colvin's Bat- tery July 8. 1863. Brady, Elias, enlisted in August, 1862; died in Piatt county. 111., Febru- ary 4. 1864. Beasley, Calvin, enlisted August 11, 1862; corporal, absent, sick, at muster out. Carlin, Daniel, enlisted August 11. 1862; mus- tered out June 21, 1865. Coles, John W., en-

listed August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1860. Carter, William, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out Juue 21, 1865, as corporal. Cornprobst, David, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865, as sergeant. Coon- rod, John H.. enlisted August 11, 1862 ; detained at muster out of regiment. Deardorff, David W., enlisted August 11, 1862; discharged Janu- ary 10, 1863; disability. Dodd, Thomas, en- listed August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Dodd. Emanuel, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mu.stered out June 21, 1865. Dodd, John, en- listed August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Dodd, John, Jr., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; died at Richmond, Va., February 5, 1864. Dress- bach, John P., enlisted August 11, 1862; mus- tered out June 21, 1865. Dressbach, William H., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; died at Woodson- ville, Ky„ February 8, 1863. Duvall, Jacob, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; absent, .sick, at mus- ter out. Eatherton, Henry H., enlisted August 11, 1862; transferred to Colvin's Illinois Bat- tery July 8, 1863. Fowler, James E., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps In September, 1863. Foust, George W., enlisted August 11, 1862; died at Knoxville, Tenn., April 3, 1864. Hays, Elijah, enlisted August 11, 1862; transferred to CWvin's Illinois Battery, January 26, 1863. Hubbart, Thomas, enlisted .\ugust 11, 1868 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Hubbart, Hamilton J., enlisted August 11, 1862; discharged March 19, 1865; disability. Hubbart, William C, enlistetl August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Hubbart, James F., enlisted August 11, 1862; absent, wounded, at muster out. Hart, James C, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865, as cor- poral. Hall, James M., enlisted August 11, 1862; died at Knoxville, Tenn., March 20, 1864. Hickman, Simon W., enlisted August 11, 1863 ; sergeant, sick, at muster out. Huston, Henry C, enlisted August 11, 1862; transferred to Colvin's Illinois Battery, January 26, 1863. llussong. Cornelius C, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Hod.sou, Eli, en- listed August 11, 1862; mustered in September 5, 1862. Hearst, Thomas, enlisted August 11, 1862; discharged January 9, 1863; disability. Hickman. George W., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; died at Woodsouville, Ky., February 23, 1863. Large, Stephen, enlisted August 11, 1862; ab- sent, sick, at nmster out. Merritt, Josepli, en- listed August n, 1862; discharged April 5, 18(!5 ; disability. Mearing, Thomas J., enlisted

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

657

August 11, 1802: luustereil out June 21, ISOu. Miles. James V., enliste<l August 11, 1802; uius- teied out June 21, 1805. Miles. John S., en- listed August 11, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Matsler, John, enlisted August 11, 1802; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 26, 1805. Moore, John S., enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1805, as corporal. Moore, Jacob D., enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865, as corporal. Mar- vin. Thomas, enlisted August 11, 1802; absent, wounded, at muster out. Mooney, Lawrence, enlisted August 11, 1862; died at Woodsonville, Ky., July 3, 1863. Morgan, Samuel B., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; discharged June 20, 1864 ; disa- bility. McKinley, Alexander, enlisted August

11, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Miles, Thomas S., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865, as corporal. Norrls, Daniel, enlisted August 11, 1802 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Orrison, Samuel, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; died at Elizabethtown, Ky., December

12, 1862. Pifer, Henry, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; transferred to Colvin's Battery, January 29, 1863. Payne, .John, enlisted August 11, 1802 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Rawlins, Charles F., enlisted August 11, 1862; died at Woodsonville, Ky., in January, 1863. Rhoades, John, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; discharged Sep- tember 30, 1863; disability. Smith, James, en- listed August 11. 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Sherman, Edmond, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; transferred to Colvin's Illinois Battery, Jtily S, 1863. Stinson, James W., enlisted Au- gust 11, 1862 ; mu-stered out June 21. 1865. Sim- mons, Thomas A., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; died at Knoxvllle, Tenn., November 22, 1863. Stout, Amos, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Sutherland, Edwin J., enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865, as sergeant. Terwilliger, William, enlisted Au- gust 11, 1862; discharged September 4, 1863; dis- ability. AVoolington. Harrison, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out in 1865, as corporal. Watson, Jacob, enlisted .\iigust 11, 1862; mus- tered out June 21, 1805. Welsh, Thomas F.. en- listed August 11, 1802; mustered out June 21, 1805, as sergeant. Warner, George, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Williamson, William, enlisted .\ugust 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Wolf, James, en- listed August 11, 1S62 ; discharged February 24, 1S63 ; disability.

Company H — First Sergeant Anderson J. Williams, enlisted August 11, 18<i2 ; promoted second lieutenant.

Kidd, Samuel J., .sergeant, enlisted August 11, 1802 ; promoted second lieutenant. Linder, George W., enlisted August 11, 1802; mustered out June 21, 1805. Hays, William, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Wise, Lafayette, enlisted August 14, 1862 ; mus- tered out June 21, 1805. Corporals: Parks, Joseph B., enlisted August 13, 1862: transferred to A'eteran Reserve Corps August 12, 1803. Maxey, Peter, enlisted August 13, 1862; absent, sick, at muster out. Vedder, Isaac, enlisted August 0, 1862 ; died at Bacon Creek, Ky., May 1, 1863. Gulliford, Richard, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered in September 4, 1862. Davis, Henry, enlisted August 14, 1862; died at New Albany, Ind., June S, 1864, as sergeant. Moore, George, enlisted August 18, 1862; died at Be- ment March 14, 1864. Alexander, Richard H., enlisted August 18, 1802 ; mustered out June 21, 1865, as sergeant. Conway, Dempsey M., en- listed August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1805. Quick, Ellsberry, musician, enlisted Au- gust 8, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Sturm, Lemuel, wagoner, enlisted August 13, 1862; sergeant; detached at muster out of regi- ment.

Privates : Ater, Richard, enlisted August 15, 1802 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Boss, Enoch L., enlisted August 11, 1862; transferred to A^eteran Reserve Corps November 15, 1863. Barker, William, enlisted August 13, 1862; transferred to Colvin's Illinois Battery July 7, 1863. Burch, James, enlisted August 12, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865, as corporal. Bry- son, John A., enlLsted August 13. 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Babb, George W., enlisted August 13, 1862; transferred to Colvin's Illinois Battery July 7, 1863. Clark, William, enlisted August 9, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Chadd, John, enlisted August 9, 1862; died at Libhy Prison February 22, 1864. Clapp, James, enlisted August 13, 1862; discharged November 7, 1S03 : disability. Comb, John, enlisted August 13. 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Crane, .Tohn S., enlisted August 13, 1862; absent, woundetl, at muster out. Collins, Jacob, en- listed Au.gust 11, 1862; transferrcfl to Colvin's Illinois Battery January 27,' 1863. Drake, Cap- tain F., enlisted August 9, 1862 ; died at Bement, 111., January 11, 1863. Decker. John S., en- listed August 18, 1862; mustered out June 21,

658

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

1865. ElJerson, Charles T., eulisted August 22, 1SG2; discharged September 11, l.S(12 ; disaliUity. B:v«rett, Wilson, enlisted August 11, 1802; trans- ferred to Colvins Illinois Battery Jauuary 27, 1863. Fay, Jesse, enlisted August 13, 1862; mustered in September 4, 1862. Fay, Richard, enlisted August 13, 1862; mustered iu Septem- ber -i, 1862. Frazell, Josiah. enlisted August 13, 1862 ; mustered iu September 4, 1862. Fitz- patrick, Samuel, enlisted August 17, 1862 ; trans- ferred to Veteran Reserve Corps November 15. 1863. GuUiford, WUliaui, enlisted August ti, 1862; mustered in September 4, 1862. Harper, John O.. enlisted August 12, 1802 ; mustered in September 4, 1862. Harshbarger, Samuel, en- listed August 13, 1862; mustered in September 4, 1862. Hill, John, enlisted August IS, 1862; mustered in September 4, 1862. Hines, William, enlisted August 15, 1862; discharged June 2, 1863; disability. Hastings, Thomas: enlisted August n, 1862; mustered out June 21. 186.5. Jarvis, Levi, enlisted August 13. 1862 ; dis- charged May 1, 1863; disability. Kidney, Oli- ver, enlisted August 11, 1862; died at Knox- ville, Tenn., February 15, 18C4. Long, Nicholas, enlisted August 8. 1862; discharged February 9, 1863 ; disability. Lewis, Erastus, enlisted August IS, 1S62 ; transferred to Company A. Leary, Dennis, enlisted August 18. 1862; died at Knoxville, Tenn., November 15, 1863. Mc- Laughlin, James, enlisted August 0, 1862 ; dis- charged January 10, 1863; disability. Morgan, Richard, enlisted August 9, 1862 ; died in Piatt county, Illinois, June 1, 1865. Martin, Daniel L., enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered in Sep- tember 4. 1862. Mossbarger, Peter, enlisted August 13, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Moore, Allen, enlisted August 13, 1862; mus- tered out June 21, 1S05. Moore, Alexander, enlisted August 13, 1862; transferred to Vet- eran Reserve Corps February 19, 1863. Mitch- ell, Thomas J., enlisted August 13, 1862; de- tached at muster out of regiment. McGaffey. William, enlisted August 9. 1862 ; mu.stercd out June 21, 1865, as conioral. Naughton. Reuben D., enlisted August 0, 1862 : mustered out June 21, 1865. Neal. John M., enlisted August 14, 18(32; discharged January 30, 1863; disability. Quigel, James, enlisted August 9, 1862 ; dis- charged January 14, 1863, disability. Quick, Isaac, enlisted August 13, 1S62 ; mustered out June 21, 1865, as corporal. Quick. Isaiah, en- listed August 14. 1862 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps November 15, lS<i3. Rubel, Jon-

athan, enlisted August 9, 1862; killed at Nash- ville, Teim., November 21, 1864. Rose, William, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered in Septem- ber 4, 1862. Randall, Ebenezer, enlisted August

12, 1802; mustered out June 21, 1865, as cor- poral. Rowan, Robert, enlisted August 13, lSt>2; died at Woodsonville, Ky., February 10, 1863. Stashrote, John, enlisted August 8, ]S(;2; nmstered in September 4, 1862. Spangler, Marion, enlisted August 0, 1862 ; mustered out June 21. 1865. Smetters, George, enlisted Au- gust 12, 1S62 ; discharged September 9, 1863 ; disability. Shonkwiler, N. B., enlisted August

13, 1802; mustered out June 21, 1805. Shonk- wiler, J. W., enlisted August 13, 1862; U-ans- ferred to Ctolvin's Illinois Battery, January 27, 1863. Sanders, Jackson, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; discharged September 29, 1863 ; disability. Stinehouser, John, enlisted August 13, 1862; discharged August 1. 1863; disability. Sorrels, Marquis, enlisted .Vugust 11. 1862; died at New Albany, Ind., May 14, 1864. Trowbridge, Enoch, enlisted August 13, 1862; died at Woodsonville, Ky., January 31, 1863. Terryl, J. N., enlisted August 17, 1862 ; discharged April 1. 1S63 ; dis- ability. Willis, Joshua, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1S65. Wildman, Francis M., enlisted August 13, 1862; killed at Lost Mountain, June 17, 1864. Wilhelm, Mar- tin, enlisted August 13, 1862; mustered in Sep- tember 4, 1862. Wilburn, John T., enlisted August 13, 1862 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps November 15, 1863. White, Fountain F., enlisted August 14, 1862; discharged Septem- ber 17, 1862; disability. Wollington, Jacob, en- listed August 11, 1862; died at Bement, 111., July 5, 1804. Williams, Clarkson, enlisted Au- gust 13, 1802 ; transferred to Comjiany K. Wil- lis, William E., enlisted August 11, 1862; died at Knoxrille, Tenn.. March 16, 1S64. Recruits: Babb, Thomas J., enlisted December 9, 1863; discharged December 2, 1864; wounds. Boles, .Tohn, enlisted December 11, 1863 ; died at Chat- tanooga, June 19, 1864; wounds. Bogard, Wil- liam E., enlisted December 9, 1863; died at Louisville, Ky., December 19, 1864 ; wounds. Kidney, Henry, enlisted December 11, 1863; killed at I<^-anklin, Tenn., November .30. 1864.

Company K — First Sergeant Andrew Hut- sinpellar. enlisted August 11. 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865, as sergeant. Sergeants : Jones, George B.. enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mus- tered out May 13. 1865. Higman. Charles L.. enlistetl August 11. 1862; transferred to Veteran

/^"^-L^ /& /^^■C'^^^.^^A-^.^^

I I I

• •III! ■ Ill

658

Tri8T0HY OF PIATT COluNT^

IStiS. Kpcison, CUades T., piiiiste<1 August 22, 18*2; Vllst-liargeiJ Sf^|i*fc'ajlH>r 11, lH(i'.'; disability.

K\x?rftt, Wi' ■	' '..—-St n, ],S()2; trans-
ferred to •	■KTj January 27,
186a. F.I.	.Vngust 13, ISn-J;
nuistei'M	i, lSi>2. Fay, Hi :
eulistert *	ti2; imistcrwl in s.
bei- '	7t)s!iali. i>uI5 ■
U!.	septeiubor •.
rut-'	. Viicriivt \ , .

ntbaii, enlisted Au^'u.sr. :i, isij:;: k vlUe. Tcnn.. Xoveniber 21, 18C4. r i>tiliste<l August 11. l.*ii?2; mustered •, iwT 4, 1S02. llaudill, Blienezer, enlisted .< '■-• TO',?.: mustered out June 21, 1860, ;i- .

iiowan, HoUMt. enlisted August j;>

,1 a( WouWoiivillr, Ky., February 10.

- • : ' ■ ' 'iirust 8. isii2:

Sitangler,

.'st..rfd (.lit

ISC- .: .v,i/t,f:l.l>e:i- 1. _iM.l-'. liiinMl',

,Il.! ■ Au.sriwt 12, iStJi; mustered in

■ 2. llar.HhbargfT, Samuel, en-

isiyj: ; mustered in September .>hu, enlisted A«g<i'-I IS '';.?,

■ inl-er 4, 1S82. Hi' .'0, 1862: •li'scha.

.■iiuty. rlHstlJ'.);*.. Tbovi,-: cniiiti-l |S.",2; ni.u..ile''ed out June 21. 1865. . , i,tvl, eiili.stod Aiijrusr 13. 18<32; dis-

cliarg.^d May 1, 3863; disability. Kidney, Oli- wT. enlisted August 11, 1862; died at Knox- vllle, Tenn., February 15, 1864. Ijong, Nicholas, enllRted August 8, 1862: discharjied February f», 180.>: disability. Lewi.s, Erastus, enlisted Autni.it IS. 1862; transferred to CVimpany A. fjeary, Deuni.s, enlisted August 18, 1862; died at Knoxville, Tenn., November 15, 1863. Mc- Laughlin, Jamos, enlisted August !•. 1S62; dis- eharged .Tanuai-y 10, ISe.*!; disability. Morgan, UioUard, enlisted August V>, 1862; died ill Tiatt

folli:* ' ■■ ■ ' ' '■■'■^ Ar..,.t;,, i>..,.:,.|

[... •■ -

ton:'. , • .1

-VugUSl j.v, l-H«i;^ , liiUslei'ed <nlt .unii- ^!, JMh}.

Moore. AUeu. eui'st.vj August 13.- IHiG; nms- terefl out .Tnne 21. l^iS. Moore, .\]v. enlisted Ati.aust i:<. 1S62; transferred ■ eran Reserve Corjifi February 19, 186:^. ell, Tlionias J., enlisted Au)?ust 13, l.-; tafUed at uiuster out of regimcut. Mi'- William, enlisted August 0, 1862; mustetcd oxit June 21, 18615, as corporal. Nunghton, Ueubcn I)., enii.sted Aucust !), 18C2; mastered out June '-'I. IS'ir;. Xeal. .Tohu M., enli.sled August J4, i>»l2, <li.«''harged January 'Mi, ISi'C; disabilit.v. Qii!?el. James, enllste«! AugHst !>, 18<12; dls- ■■U^rfff} TH'incrT 14, Itw^??. HsnWllty. Quick, :- . ■ • iiiustei'inl out

■ ' \ Isaiah, en-

ii -■..; ■ ^._ i,;,.. .;. , 1, <i to Veteran

i;,..f.-. , .vrf.. \nv«»i(i«r 15, 18(V3. Rnbel, Jon-

13. 1862; mils; wiler, J. '*■ felted t(

iv.-.r;

■lis--) ■<:■:'..] At;.:- i .

Martinis, eull.ste<J Aiiu Albany, Ind., May 14. ; -.

enlisted August 13. 1S<)2 ; died at Woodsonviile, Ky., January 31, 1863. Terryl. J. N.. enlisted August 17, 1862; distliarged April 1. 1863; dis- aldlity. Willis, Joshua, eUlisted Augu.st 11, 1,S62; nin.stered out June 21, 186;", Wilduian, Francis M., enlisted August 13. 1862; killed at Lost Mountain, June 17, 1864, Wilhelui, Mar- tin, enlisted August 13, 1862; aiostered in Sei> temher 4, 1862. Wilburn, John T,, enlisted August 13, 1S62 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps November 10, LStiS. White, Fountain V., enlisted August 14, 1862; discharged Scptem- l)er 17, l.St">2: disability, WoUingtou, Jacob, en- listed XngM-'t 11, 18tl2; died at Beuient. 111., July r>, isi'.i WiUiiims, Clarksou, enlisted Au- irnst I,'?, IStf ; transferred to Company K Wil- ' ;';iiii E , enlisted August 11. isr: ' ' . ille. Tenn., March 16. IS64. I; M.inias J., enlisted Decemlwr ; •I Dectunber 2, 1864; wouud.-^. Holes. sted December 11. .18«3; died at Chat- tain>v.)i.., June 19, 1864; wuonds Bogard, W15 11am i:., enlistetl lH'vtii!*r 0, 1863: (1'.e<i •■ t>oulsville, Ky., rhH-euiber 19, I**''' Kidney, ff.Tirv. oiill.'»t.-d PeeeDi' Uillod at f runklln, Tenn,, No*.'

Comtwuy K — First Sere- sini>elbir, enlisted .rifgrc' out June 21, i ■ ' Jones. George ': tered ov.f "" eiillKtw! i-leran

^1

/>^^C^ /U i^^^^C^^t^^ji-^-^

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

659

Reserve Corps December 1, 18ti:i. Peck, David, enlisted August 11, 18(52; mustered out June 21, 1S65. CoiTorals: Hodges. Augustus M., enlisted August 13, 1862; mustere<l out May 13, 1865. Temple, Adam, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Morris, George, enlisted' August 1, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865 ; Patterson, Crawford, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1805. McKinney, Thomas X., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Peck, Peter H., musician, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Rickets, Alexander, enlisted August 11. 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865.

Privates: Ater, John, enlisted August 11. 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Brown, Marion, enlisted August 11, 1862; died at Knox- ville, Tenn.. December 23, 1863. Cole, Monroe, enlisted August 11. 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Cornell, John, enlisted August 11, 1862: absent, sick, at muster out. Coon, Franklin, enlisted August 11, 1865; died at Jeffcrsonville, July 4, 1864. Drum. Eli, enlisted August 11. 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Drum, Jacob, enlisted August 11. 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out of regiment. Denmon. Theodore F., enlisted August 11. 1862; discharged March .81, 1865; disability. Funk. Samuel, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1*865. Flemming, James, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Grove, Robert C enlisted Au- gust 11, 1862; mustered out June 21. 1865. Gale. William H., enlisted August 11, 1862; mus- tered out June 21, 1865. Hallstead, Elliott, enlisted August 11. 1862; died near Kenesaw Mountain, July 1, 1864. Howell. William, en- listed August 11, 1862; discharged August 25. 1863; disability. Heath, Frederick, enlisted August 11. 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Heminger, .Vndrew, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Jones, Shepherd H., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out July 21, 1865. Linton, Walter, enlisted August 16, 1862; died at Madison, Ind.. April 7, 1864. Mc- Kay. Charles S., enli.sted August 11, 1862; mus- tere dout June 21, 1865. Morgan, John, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1.S65. McColllster, Isaiah, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. McKay, Thomas, enlisted August 15, 1862; detached at muster out of regiment. Peck. Amos, enlisted August 15, 1862 ; died at Cerro Gordo, January 26. 1865. Rhodes. Alexander, enlisted August 11. 1862; mustered out June 21. 1865. Stickel, Valentine

B., enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 21, 1865. Sheppard, James, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Williams, James H., enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Ward, William C enlisted August 11, 1802; died July 11, 1864; wounds. Williams, Joseph, enlisted August 11, 1862; mustered out June 21, 1865. Unassigned Re- cruits: Kidney, Samuel, enlisted December 11, 1863; transferred to Sixty-fifth Illinois Infan- try. Randall, George W., enlisted December 0, 1863; transferred to Sixty-fifth Illinois Infan- try.

ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY.

Company F — Helms, Jacob A., enlisted Au- gust 9, 1862; discharged January 8, 1865; wounds.

ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH ILLINOIS lNF.\NTRy.

Company A — Corporals : Rodgers, William M.. enlisted August 0, 1862; died at Marietta, Georgia. September 20, 1864 ; wounds. Havely, Lafayette R., enlisted July 21, 1862; trans- ferred to Invalid Corps January 15, 1864.

Privates : Bouser, Cary T., enlisted August 21, 1862; died June 7, 1863; wounds. Cau!k, Albert, enlisted August 0, 1862; died April 0. 1864. at Andersonville Prison. Falconer, Enoch McL.. enlisted August 6, 1862; died Milliken's Beilcl, La.. April IS. 1863. Fields. John, enlisted August 0, 1862 ; mustered out June 7. 1865. Jones. George A., enlisted August 21, 1862; died at Yazoo Bottom, Miss., December 31, 1862. Recruits : Bailey. James A., enlisted January

26, 1804'; died at Larkinsville, Ala., February

27, 1864. Belzer. James M.. enlisted January 26, 1864 ; transferred to Company H, Fifty-fifth Regiment, Illinois Infantry. Bouser. Tliomas, enlisted January 26, 1862; transferred to .same. Blythe, Joseph H.. enlisted January 28, 1862; transferred to same. Clay. William, enlisted .January 26, 1862; transferred to same. Davis, Alexander K.. enlisted January 4, 1862; trans- ferred to same. Gromley, Aquilla, enlisted Jan- uary 26, 1862 ; transferred to same. Gromley, Jiles W., enlisted January 28, 1862 ; transferred to same. Lesley, John, enlisted January 26, 1802; died at Rome, Ga., September 20, 1864. Lux, Peter, enlisted' January 20, 1862; trans- ferred to Company H, Fifty-fifth Illinois In- fantr.v. McKee. .Tames W.. enlisted January 4, 1864; transferred to same. Miniek, .losiah, en- listed January 28. 1864; transferred to same.

660

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

Miller, Joseph, enlisted January 26. 1SG4 ; trans- ferred to same. Peck, James, enlisted January 26, ISW ; transferred to same. Steweard, Josiali D., enlisted January 26, ISCU ; killed nt Jonesboro, Ga.. August 31, 1S64. Steweard, John W., enlisted January 26, IStU ; died at Marietta, Ga.. July 18, 1S64.

ONE lUNDRED KIBTIETH ILUNOIS i:«FANTRY.

Company G — Second Lieutenant William H. Smith, commissioned February 14, 1865 : re- signed June 20. :S6.j.

SECOND ILLINOIS CAVALRY.

Company F : Bowman, Reuben, ranked as captain August 24, 1861 ; resigned June 17, 1S62. Musser, Melville H., ranked as first lieu- tenant August 24. 1861 ; promoted captain June 17, 1862 ; transferred to Company A. Shannon, Neil T.. ranked as second lieutenant August 24, 1861 : promoted first lieutenant June 17, 1862 ; killed in battle August 30, 1862. Stiekel, Isaiah, ranked as second lieutenant June 17. 1862 ; pro- moted first lieutenant August 30, 1862 ; trans- ferred to Company A as consolidated ; mustered out April 4, 1866. Leib, Levi H., ranked as sec- ond lieutenant August 30. 1862 ; died of wounds. Cox. Joseph E.. ranked as second lieutenant Septemlier 26, 1862 ; resigned February 28, 1863. Wildman, Stephen C, ranked as second lieuten- ant February 28, 1863 ; honorably discharged June 14. 1804. Kirby, John, enlisted July .30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 5, 1864 ; ranked as sergeant June 14, 1864, and trans- ferred to Company A as consolidated ; mustered out Xovember 22, 1865. Clark, Warren C, a hospital steward, enlisted July 30. 1861; pro- moted sergeant-major. Inlow, Harrison, enlisted July 30. 1861; furloughed July 8, 1862. Skill- ings, Charles H., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; died at Bird's Point, Mo., December 26. 1861. Corporals : Weedman. Thomas S., enlisted July 30, 1861; discharged August 11, 1864, as quartermaster-sergeant. Madden, Silas W„ en- listed July .30, 1861 ; re-enlisted ns veteran January ,">, 18<j4 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out Xovember 22, 1865. Monroe, James, enlisted July .30, 1861 : killed at Holly Springs, December 20. 1862, Storey, Andrew T,, enlisted July .30, 180ri : killetl at Holly Springs, December 20, 1862, Carney, Robert, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as a veteran January n. 1^4; transferred to Company A; mustered out July 21. 186.5, Tinder, Americus

B., bugler, enlisted July 30, 1S<J1 ; discharged August 14, 1863 ; wounds, Moore, Samuel, en- listed July 30, 1861; discharged May 8, 18C2; disability. Wildman. Stephen C, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; i)romoted second lieutenant. Sted- man, Byron W,, wagoner, enlisted July 30, 1861; re-enlisted as veteran January 5, 1864; transferred to Company A ; musteretl out Xo- vember 22, 1865,

Privates: Anderson, James W., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran ; trans- ferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. as first sergeant. Bradley, Caleb, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 5, 1804 ; mustered out Xovemlier 22, 1865, as sergeant. Bowman. John, enlisted July 30, 1861; discharged May 12, 1802. Barnes, John M., enlisted July 30, 1.861 ; discharged April 24, 1862, Burns, Robert L,, enlisted July SO, 1862; discharged April 4, 1862, Bushee, John R., enlisted July .30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as \^teran. Batty, Edmond, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; dischargetl June 14. 1863; disability. Dennis, Francis, enlisted July 30, 1801 ; re-enlisted as veteran, Diller, John R,, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged April 24, 1863. Doran, Peter, en- listed July .30, 1861; discharged August 11, 1864; term expired. I'.lerton. Chester, enlisted July ;!0, 1861; killed at Bolivar. Tenn., August .30, 1862. Emerson. Albert, enlisted July 30. 1861; enlisted as veteran January 5. 1804 ; transferred to Company A as consolidated ; mustered out Xovember 22. 1865. Gilbert. Truman, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; tni nsf erred to Company E. Hol- lingswortb. James H., enlisted July 30, 1861; discharged in December, 1861 ; disability. Hide, William, enlistetl July 30. 1861; re-enlisted as veteran January 5, 1864; transferred to Com- pany A : sick at muster out of regiment- Huston, Henry, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; re-en- listed as veteran Januar.v 5. 1864; transferred to Company A ; mustered out Xovember 22, 1865. Huddleston, Samuel W.. enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged March 26, 1,863 ; disabilit.v. Hubbart. Harrison, enlisted July .30. 1861 ; re- enlisted as veteran January 5. 1864: corporal; discharged for promotion in Fourth United States Colored Cavalr.M, April 18. 1804. Jones, Albert, enlisted July :W. 1861 ; killed at Holly Springs, December 20. 1862. Knia^lit. Arad, enlisted July :^0, 1861 : re-enlisted as ^-eteran. Lutz, Joseph, enlisted July .30. 1S61 ; re-enlisted as veteran .Tanuar.v 5. 1,S64 : transferred to Com- pany .\. I.eigli. Genrge .\.. enlisted July 30,

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

661

1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 5, 1864 ; mustered out June 24, 1865, as sergeant. Liu- ton, John Z., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discbarged May 26, 1862. List, William R., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged August 11, 1864 ; term ex- pired. Morris, Jeffrey, enlisted July 30, 1861; discharged in December, 1861 ; disability. Mil- ler, George, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 5, 1864 ; transferred to Com- pany A ; mustered out November 22, 1865, as sergeant. McPadden, John M., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged August 11, 1864 ; term ex- pired. Miles, Edward B., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged August 11, 1864. Marton, Frank M., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 5, 1864. Moore, George W., enlisted July 30, 1801 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 5, 1864 ; transferred to Company A as consol- idated. McComb, Cyrus C, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged December 10, 1862 ; disability. Maranville, Francis M., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged August 11, 1864 ; term expired. Mil- lisson, Omer H., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; dis- charged August 11, 1S64, as sergeant. Pattison, Lysander W., enlisted July .30, ISCl ; promoted battalion adjutant. Payne, George W., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran ; trans- ferred to Company A. Pembertou, Richard H., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; mustered in August 12, 1861. Plfer, Theodore, enlisted July 30, 1861; re-enlisted as veteran ; transferred to Company A; mustered out Xoveraber 22, 1SC.5. as ser- geant. Ryder, Watkins L., enlisted July 30, 1861; discharged August 11, 1864, as first ser- geant. Settle, Abraham, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 5. 1864 ; trans- ferred to Company A. Sullivan, Ben.iamin F., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 5, 1864 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. Sparks, Samuel J., enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged July 20, 1862; disability. Shumaker. Jeremiah, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged August 14, 1863; wounds. Shafer, Peter, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged August 11, 1864 ; term expired. Tuthill. John W., enlisted July 30, 1861; re- enlisted as veteran January 5, 1864 ; mustered out June 24, 1865, as first sergeant. Weaver, George R., enlisted July .30, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran ; transferred to Company A as con- solidated: mustered out November 22, 1865. Watson, Martin W., enlisted July 30. 1861; killed at Bolivar, Tenn., August 30, 1862. Work- man, Isaac L., enlisted July 30, 1801 : re-enlisted

as veteran January 5, 1804 ; transferred to Com- pany A. Wimmer, William, enlisted July 30, 1861; re-enlisted as veteran January 5, 1S64; transferred to Company A ; mustered out No- vember 22, 1865. Webb, Richard, enlisted July 30, 1861 ; discharged July 24, lS<j2.

Veterans : Alban, John T., enlisted July 5, 1865 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865, as sergeant. Donahoe, Hugh, enlisted January 5, 1864; mustered out June 11, 1S65. Goodspeed, William, enlisted January 5, 1864; mustered out June 12, 1865. Jelly, Cor- nelius, enlisted January 5, 1864 ; mustered out March 20, 1865. Riley, Patrick, enlisted Jan- uary 5, 1864 ; transferred to Company A. Stickel, Fletcher A., enlisted January 5, 1864 ; mustered out February 5, 1864. Recruits : Anderson, John, enlisted February 12, 1864 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. as sergeant. Arrowsmith, John W., en- listed February 29, 1804 ; transferred to Com- pany A ; mustered out August 24, 1865. Betts, Jonathan, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; mustered out June 11. 1865. Bowdel, Jesse W., enlisted November 21, 1863 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. Burns, Wil- liam H., enlisted November 21, 1863 ; trans- ferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. Bailey, William F., enlisted January 15, 1864 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. Coon, William, enlisted November 21, 1863 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 4, 1865. Copeland, Marion, enlisted January 19, 1864 : transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. Dixon, William, enlisted November 21, 1S63; transferred to Company A; mustered out November 4, 1865. Dearduff, David W., en- listed January 19, 1864 ; transferred to Com- pany A; mustered out November 22, 1805. Dur- ham, Samuel, enlisted February 20, 1864 ; trans- ferred to Company A. FoUensby. David, died at Du Quoin February 8, 1863. Hill, Thomas, enlisted August 13, 1862 ; discharged August 14, 1863 ; wounds. Huffman, Cyrus S., enlisted Au- gust 13, 1862; discharged February 27, 1863; disability. Hall, Robinson, enlisted March 17, 1864; died at Baton Rouge, September 5, 1864. Haney, Robert, enlisted February 14, 1864 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out No- vember 22, 1865, as corporal. Hubbart, Jacob P., enlisted February 10, 186^ ; transferred to Company A ; nmstered out November 22, 1865. Hall. Erastus, enlisted February 8, 1864; trans-

662

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

ferred to Compauy A ; mustered out November 22, 18ti5. Jones, Taylor, enlisted January 4, 1864; transferred to Company A; mustered out November 22, 18C5. Klous, John, enlisted Au- gust 14. 1862 ; died at La Grange, 111., February 4, 1S(J.J. Kelley, Henry C, enlisted January 5, 1864 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22. lS(i.'5. Lacey, Benjamin, enlisted January 5, 1864 ; mustered out June 22, 1865. List, John D.. enlisted February 9. 1864 ; dietl at Monticello, 111., February 15, 1864. Moore, Joseph, enlisted August 1.3, 1862; discharged November 15, 1863; disability. Morris, John D., enlisted August 19, 1862; died June 27. 1S03. McMlUian, AVilliam, discharged November 21, 1864. Moore, John, eulisted November 21, 1803 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out No- vember 4, 1865. Moffett, Edward H., enlisted February 5, 1864; transferred to Company A; mustered out November 22. 1865. Musselman, .Tacoli G., enlisted January 25, 1864; transferred to Company ,V ; mustered out November 22. 186.5. Musselman, Ben.iamiu, enlisted January 15, 1864 ; transferred to Ctompany A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. Monham, William, en- listed January 4, 1864 ; transferred to Comjiany X : mustered out November 22. 1S65. Nelson, James B., enlisted January 29, 1864; trans- ferred to Company A ; mustered out Sejrtember 25, 1865. Pifer, Cornelius, enlisted August 14, 1864: died at Memphis. Tenn.. September 30, 1863. Perry. David P.. enlisted November 21, 1863; killed near .Vlexandria. La.. .May 1. 1864. Patter.son, William P., enlisted February 19, 1864 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 186.5. Robertson, George P., en- listed March 12, 1864; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22. 1865. Uobbins, John W.. enlisted .January 15, 1864; transferred to Company A. Stein, William H.. enlisted March 23. 18fi4 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. Six, Daniel C, enlisted March 19, 1864; transferred to Company A ; nuistered out November 22, 1865. Six, Dorson, enlisted March IT, 1864 ; died June 4, 1864. Swisher, Calvin, enlisted January 19, 1864; transferred to Company A. Stlckel, Charles W., enlisted .January 15, 1864; trans- ferreil to Company A ; mustered out September IS, 1865. Welsh, David C. enliste<l March 23, 1864; transferred to Company .\ ; musteretl out November 22, 1865. Williams. Samuel T., en- a.sted March 23, 1864; died at Monticello. 111., January 18, 1,865. West. Illrani. enliste<l Febru-

ary ".», 1864; tran.sferred to Company A; mus- tered out November 22, 1865. Bolen, John, en- listed September 8, 1864 ; transferred to Com- pany A. carter, Peter, eulisted September 8, 18<;4 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out July 22, l.S(>5. Field, John, enlisted September 8, 1864 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. Grant. Charles, enlisted September 15, 1804; transferred to Company A; mustered out November 22, 186.5.

Company I — Veterans : Coffman, Aaron, en- listed January 5, 1864; mustered out June 10, 1805. Nowlin. Elijah B., enlisted January 5, 1864; mustered out June 10, 1805. Recruits: Blasbell, James W., enlisted August 16, 1862; mustered out June 10, 1865. Blasdell, Jacob W., enlisted August 16. 1862; discharged Janu- ary 1, 1864 : promoted. Crosby. Lewis, enlisted November 17, 1863; killed at Mansfield. La., April 8, l.S(>4. Friesner. Henry C, enlisted August 16, 1802; discharged August 10, 1863; disability. Kauffman, E. B.. enlisted August n, 1862; transferred to Company C.

FIFTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.

Company B — Privates: Bell, Joseph, en- listed August 27, 1861 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Cor[)s October 1, 1863. Davis, Thomas E.. enlisted August 27, 1861 ; discharged May 12, 1863 : disability. Dowdlng, John C, enlisted .\ugust 27, 1861 ; died at Helena. .\rk., March

4, 1803. Honnman. James, enlisted August 27, 1861 ; died at Benton Barracks. December 31, 1,863. Ryce. Daniel, enlisted August 27. 1S61 ; died at Vicksburg, October 11, 1863. Riggen, Wilson, enlisted August 27. 1861; died at St. Louis, AIo., February 21. 1863. Riggen, George W., enlisted .\ugust 27, 1861 ; died at St. Louis, February 21. 1863. Shire, Jeremiah, enlisted .Vugust 27, 1861 ; died at Helena, Ark.. March

5, 1863; wounds.

SKVENTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.

Company I — Merricks, Alonzo N., private, en- listed December 24, 1863; mustered out Novem- ber 4, 1865.

TENTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.

The Tenth Illinois Volunteer Cavalry was organized at Camp Butler, 111., November 25, 1801, and after November 13. 1S(i2. formed a ]iart of the .Vrmy of the Frontier, operating from Springfield, Mo., to Cane Hill, Ark. A por- tion of this cavalry ]>articipated in the battle

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

663

of Prairie Grove, Ark., December 7, 1SG2. The regiment was mustered out of tlie service No- vember 22, 1865. at San Antonio, Tex., and ordered to Springfield, 111., for final payment and discharge.

Company A — Samuels, David A., corporal, enlisted September 21, 18(51 : re-enlisted as vet- eran. Halderman, Samuel N., farrier, enlisted September 21, 1801 ; discharged October 24, 1863; disability. Wolf. Emerson, wagoner, en- listed September 21. 1861; discharged May 20, 1862.

Privates: Conner, Edward, enlisted Septem- ber 21, 1861 ; died at Springfield, Mo., July 15, 1862. Coneen, Michael, enlisted Sei>teniber 21, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran. Connelly, John, enlisted September 21, 1861 ; died at Rapp's Danding, Ark., Septemlier 20, 1862. Hardman, Patrick, enlisted September 21, 1861 ; died at Ooldwater, Miss., December S, 1862. Kofler, Joseph, enlisted September 21, 1861 ; re-enllsted as veteran, January .3. 1864. Lynn, .John A., enlisted September 21, 1861 ; died at Oldtown Landing, Ark.. September 0, 1862. Miller, John G., enlisted September 21, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January P,, 1864. Rodgers, Joseph, en- listea September 21, 1861; mustered out Decem- ber 30, 1864. Sindle, Thomas J., enlisted Sep- tember 21, 1861; died at Little Rock, Ark., Sep- tember 16, 1863. Veterans : Coneen, Michael, enlisted January 3, 1864 ; transferred to Com- pany A ; mustered out November 22, 1SG5, as corporal. O'Brien. John, enlisted January 3, 1864 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1865. Samuel, David A., farrier, enlisted January 3, 1864 ; transferred to Com- pany A ; absent, sick, at muster out of regiment. Recruits: Brushwller, Hanson, enlisted Janu- ary 17, 1862; discharged April 13. 1863; disa- bility. Green, Gilbert, enlisted January 2. 1864 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out No- vember 22, 1865. Wilklns, Lewelin, enlisted December 31, 1863 ; transferred to Company A ; mustered out November 22, 1805.

Compan.v L — Swartz. Jacob, corporal ; en- listed September 21, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 3, 1864 ; mustered out November 22, 1865, as corporal. Irwin, .John, farrier, enlisted Seixteniber 21, 1861; discharged June 17, 1802; disability. Privates : CWe. William H., en- listed September 21, 1861 ; died at Camp Bloom- ington. Mo., February 18, 1862. Graham, Thomas, enlisted September 21, 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran January 3, 1864; mustered out No-

vember 22, 1805, as corporal. Madden, James N., enlisted September 21, 1801 ; mustered out December 30, 1804. JIadden, Francis M., en- listed September 21, 1801 ; mustered out Decem- ber 30, 1804 ; as bugler. Recruit : Barber, Charles W., enlisted August 18, 1802; discharged March 30, 1863; disability.

SIXTEENTH ILLINOIS CAVALRY.

Ompany L — Ivey, Peter, private, enlisted August 6, 1863 ; was prisoner ; absent at muster out.

FIRST LIGHT ARTILLERY.

Battery K (Colvin's Battery) : Babcock, Ellas, enlisted August 11, 1862 ; mustered out June 19, 1865. Barker, William, enlisted August 15, 1S62 ; mustered out June 19, 1S65. Babb, George M.. enlisted August 13, 1861 ; mustered out June 10, 1865. Collins, Jacob, enlisted August 11, 1801 ; imustered out June 19, 1865. Etherton, Henry II., enlisted August 11, 1861 ; mustered out June 19, 1865, as first sergeant. Everett, Wilson Y., enlisted August 11, 1861 ; mustered out May 25, 1S65. Ellis, John R., enlisted Au- gust 14, 1861 ; died near Knoxville, Tenn., Janu- ary 28, 1864. Hays, Elijah, enlisted August 11, 1861 ; mustered out June 19, 1865, as corporal. Miller, Jacob, enlisted August 13, 1861 ; mus- tered out June 19, 1865, as corporal. Nassal- r(id, Jesse, enlisted August 13, 1801 ; mustered (Hit June 19, 1805, as corporal. Mitchell, Nel- siin. enlisted August 13, 1861 ; mustered out June 19, 1865. Pifer, Henry, enlisted August 11, lS(il ; mustered out June 19, 1865. Rowlen, I.,eonard, enlisted August 13. 1861 ; mustered out June 19, 1865, as artificer. Rowleu, Henry, enlisted August 13, 1861 ; mustered out June 19, 1865. Shonkwiler, Jacob W., enlisted August 13. 1S01 ; mustered out June 19, 1865, as cor- poral. Smith, Alexander, enlisted August 13, 1861 ; discharged October 26, 1864. Sherman, John, enlisted August 11, 1861 ; died at Monti- cello, III., November 9, 1804. Sherman, Edmund, enlisted August 11, 1861 ; mustered out May 25, 1S0.5.

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.

While the limited number of soldiers called lor in the Spanish-American War left it un- necessary for Piatt County to supply anything like the proportion of soldiers which it gave to the Civil War, still when the call came the county responded and its men deported them-

664

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

selves in a manner that demonstrated that the fighting qualities of their fathers were not lacli- Ing in the sons.

A PROPOSED MONUMENT.

Mr. A. T. England, a wealthy resident of Monticello, who was a member of the Second Illinois Cavalr.v in the Civil War. offered to erect in 1912 a mouument in Courthouse Square to cost not less than .$10,0(;K), l)ut the board of supervisors decided that there was no suitable place in the courthouse yard to put it and no other suitable site has been found. The erec- tion of the monument was therefore abandoned by Mr. England.

GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC.

The Grand Army of the Republic, that highly and .I'ustly honored organization of old heroes of the Civil War, had its inception in Illinois, its founder being Dr. Benjamin Franklin Steph- enson, who had served bravely and helpfully as a surgeon of the Fourteenth Illinois Infan- try. In the work of organization he was as- sisted by the Rev. W. J. Rutledge, a Methodist clergyman who had served as a eliaplain of the same regiment, and with whom, even before the close of the war. Doctor Stephenson had dis- cussed plans for a brotherhood of the survivors of the struggle. After the close of their military service, Doctor Stephenson and Reverend Rut- ledge, with other veterans, prepared a ritual for the proposed organization, and for this paper two printers of Decatur. 111., Isaac Coltrin and Joseph Prior, who had served in the Union army, were employed to set the type.

FIRST GRAND ARMY POST.

The first post of the Grand Army of the Re- public was organized by Doctor Stephenson, assisted by Capt. John S. Phelps, at Decatur, 111., April G. 1866, this being the fourth anni- versary of the first day's bloody encounter on the field of Shiloh. There were twelve charter members, the last survivor of whom was Chris- tian Reibsame, of Bloomington, whose death oc- curred in 1914. Doctor Stephenson held the position of provisional department commander, and in that capacity issued a call for a general convention to be held at Springfield, 111., June 26, 1866, and at that time a state organization was effected, with Gen. John M. Palmer in the oflSce of commander-in-chief.

As a national organization, the Grand Army

of the Republic held its first encampment at Indianapolis, Ind., November 20. 1866. pursuant to the call of Doctor Stephenson. There Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut. of Belvidere, 111., was elected first commander-in-chief. It is of inter- est to note that at the second encampment, held at Philadelphia, Pa.. January l.j. 1868. another of Illinoi-s' distinguished sons. Gen. John A. Logan, was chosen to lead the organization.

It is but natural that a county which has al- ways shown itself so patriotic as has Piatt should have taken a deep interest in the work and movements of the Grand Arm.v of the Re- public. Posts were organized at Atwood. Be- ment, Cerro Gordo, La Place. Mansfield and Monticello. The years have taken their toll of the Union soldiers, over fifty thousand hav- ing passed away in 1916. This explains why the Grand Army of the Republic posts have been discontinued at many points, there not be- ing enough old soldiers left to maintain an organization.

On February 26. ISSO, Barker Post No. 189, Department of Illinois, of Atwood. 111., was organized with the following named officers :

Edward Anderson, commander ; Joseph W. Merritt, senior vice commander ; L. C. Taylor, junior vice commander ; Peter Mosbarger, adju- tant; Whit Reed, quartermaster; F. M. Kirby, chaplain ; W. T. Smitson, surgeon ; A. C. Bishop, sergeant-major : Richard McCombs. quarter- ma.ster sergeant ; John Linton, officer of guard ; M. O. Drake, officer of day.

They were installed by C. H. Kepler, of De- catur, 111.

The present organization is as follows :

Joseph W. Merritt. commander : John S. Crain, senior vice commander; A. C. Bishop, junior vice commander ; John H. Easton, adju- tant; James Reeder, chaplain; Stephen Duke- man, quartermaster; John T. Quick, officer of the day; Joshua Gosnell. officer of the guard; John Hook. sergeant-ma.jor ; John R. Shelton, quartermaster sergeant; J. F. Graham, guard.

Of the original organization only three are living: Josepli W. Merritt. .V. C. Bishop and F. M. Kirby.

CERRO GORDO.

Cerro Gordo Post No. 219 was organized March 27. 188.3. with Alva Shively as first com- mander. The full roster was as follows :

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

665

C. A. Shively, Edward Shasteen, S. L. Kerns, William Lyons, Benjamin Middleton, Andrew Hen^inger, J. H. Bentley, John Heckler, Daniel Zinn, T. J. Wimmer, J. H. Moyer, William Hick- man, Joseph Blythe, T. N. McKinney, L. C. Shasteen, V. B. Clifton, O. U. Patton. John Fields, A. M. Cole, Joseph Miller. Thomas Long, Joseph Cash, Milton Billings, W. H. Edie, M. C. Hatfield, Frederick Born, Jacob Peck, S. C. McKay, H. C. Laughman, John Dawson, George Peck, J. G. Quinn. W. H. Bowdle, J. C. Booker, Dexter Wynegan, Josiah Bell, N. L. Hiirtt.

This i50st has had a membership of si.xty-two, but has now a membership of onl.v twenty-five. John Fields, the present commander, is aged eighty-six years.

The post at La Place was duly organized and served its purpose, but has been discontinued for several years.

MANSFIELD.

The charter for General John L. Mansfield Post No. 357, Department of Illinois, G. A. R., was issued by Samuel A. Harper, department commander ; J. L. Bennett, assistant adjutant general. Elmwood. 111.. October 19, 1883, with these charter members :

James Trussler, Levi Goodell, Joseph Welch, Thomas Jess, George W. Davis, Thomas B. Stucker, Jacob E. Hyre. Wm. H. H. McCall, John D. Pike, John M. G. Brown, Charles Jess, James McDowell, Charles W. Snell, Ira McKee, Charles Afger, Minor Grooms, Thomas M. Lit- tleton, William Zumwalt, Edwin L. Drake.

Post No. 357, Department of Illinois. G. A. R., was organized November 7, 1SS3. Following are the names of the officers elected :

Thomas Jess, commander ; Levi Goodell, sen- ior vice commander ; James Trussler, junior vice commander ; Thos. M. Littleton, quarter- master ; Chas. W. Snell. adjutant : Charles Apgar, chaplain ; Wm. H. H. McCall. officer of the day; James McDowell, quartermaster ser- geant ; Charles Jess, sergeant-major ; John M. C. Brown, officer of the guard. The last officers elected were:

Wm. Clemans, commander ; N. Patterson, ad- jutant ; M. J. Van Note, chaplain ; Jesse Nash, quartermaster; Wm. H. H. McOall, officer of the day ; Daniel Reed, officer of the guard.

From first to last this post has had a member- ship of sixty-seven. At time of writing, Janu- ary, 1917, there are nine ex-Union soldiers re- siding in and around Mansfield and one charter

member of the post is found in William H. H. McCall, who lives in JIansfield. The niembers no longer meet as a post, but the survh'ors re- tain their charter and pay their i)er capita tax. These old soldiers range in age from seventy to eighty-seven years. The last elected adjutant- general, N. Patter.son, to whom we are indebted for post history, is in liis seventy-ninth year. He was born in Ohio, October 7, 1838, and served in the Union army in the Civil War as a member of Company D, Thirty-second Ohio In- fantry, from 1861 to 1SC5.

MONTICELLO.

Franklin Post No. 25(j, Grand Army of the Republic, has had the following names on its honorable roll : A. B. Fender, D. W. Deardurff, K. J. Tatman, M. Haygard, W. R. Hyde, R. R. Meredith, J. A. Brown, Joshua Tatman, J. E. Evans, W. H. McMillen, Daniel Norris, Paphyrus B. Keys, George R. Dawson, W. H. Plunk, J. T. Vangundy, .\. F. Morrison, W. E. Smith, S. A. Hubbill, E. P. Fowler, T. C. Hodge, Joseph Piper, William G. Jones, George Rhoades, A. H. Wilde- man. George R. Weaver, Cliarles Mallatt. Elam W. Bruffitt. Thomas White, James B. Davis, Andrew F. Davis. David Burffitt, Joseph Blacker, John Bowman, R. W. Bowman, George R. Rinck- ard, George E. Woolington, Shepherd Jones, Ezra ■ Marquiss, Jr., Jacob Bush, J. B. Walsh, Henry H. Laird, L. G. T. Ellis, L. C. McMillen, B. F. Siegfried, Oliver Montgomery, James Brown, David Hainline, William B. Baird, Henry Wool- ington, Chester P. Davis, W. H. Barnes, Daniel Russell.

CHAPTER IX.

PHYSICIANS.

A UNIVERSAL IMPULSE — NEIGHBORLY HELPFULNESS

FIRST PERMANENT PHYSICIAN IN COUNTY

— EARLY SUCCESSORS WELL REifEMBERED PRAC- TITIONERS TRIALS OF PIONEER PHYSICIANS — AN

AMUSING ANECDOTE — CONDITIONS ALL CHANGED — PROFESSION NOW ABLY REPRESENTED — LIST OF

LEADING PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS PIATT

COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY — DATE OF ORGANIZA- TION — FIRST OFFICIALS PRESENT OFFICERS —

PIATT COUNTY HAS NO HOSPITALS.

666

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

A UNn'ERSAL IMPULSE.

Thf crudest savage seeks to presen-e his health, safeguaixi his well being and guard off death. These instincts seem to be imbedded in every human being, and to liave existed from the beginning of recorded history. Xo jjeoples of any age have been without their physicians of some kind, men who are above their associates in mental endowments and knowledge. If this be ti"ue of savage or semi-civilized nations, how much more is it true of those who have advanced sufficiently to appreciate the necessity for the seiwices of the medical men, ami to appreciate their knowledge and skill.

FIRST PERMANENT PHYSICIAN.

In the pioneer days of I'iatt County this sec- tion was forced to depend upon the ministra- tions of some of the good housewives, who were really untrained members of the noblest of pro- fessions, or to send far away to some physician in a more den-sely settled part of the state. It was not until 1S3S that the count}- had a per- manent physician, when Dr. Burrill located within its confines and began his labor of serv- ice to those afflicted. Dr. King located in Macon County in 18.39 but his practice extended over a large ixirt of what is now Piatt County. Dr. Hillis followed soon afterwai-d, and in 1841 Dr. Hull, one of the best beloved of the county's earlier physicians, came here. In 1845 Dr. C. R. Ward located at Monticello and built up the largest practice hitherto enjoyed by any physi- cian of the county. He was in practice until his death, April 22, 1881.

Dr. Coffin came to Monticello in 1S47 ; Dr Noecker in 1853; Dr. Knott in 1855, and Dr. Coleman in ISCO. Dr. Wlieeler came to Monti- cello prior to 1850. Dr. Mitchell, who later went to Bement, came to Lake Fork in 18.53 and was the first physician at Mackville. Dr. Prosser settled at Cerro Gordo before 1860. Dr. Taylor was at Bement before 18G0, as was Dr. J. H. Leal. Some other prominent early physicians were : Dr. Ruth, Dr. Ruby and Dr. Vance of Bement, and Dr. Sinitson and Dr. Marshall of Mackville.

TRIALS OF PIONEER PHYSICIANS.

Quoting from Miss Piatfs interesting history of the county, the following gives an excellent idea of the hardships of the pioneer physician, which she doubtless heard from the lips of some

of the brave and self-sacrificing men who had endured them :

"The pioneer physicians of the county had trials that] those of a later date know nothing of. It was a fretiuent occurrence for them to be called to see a patient twenty or thirty miles distant. And oftentimes it was not the distance that was to be dreaded. The ride would often have to be made on a dark night, along muddy roads, and! through swamps and ponds. Some- times the horse would have to swim streams, while the rider on his knees on the sjiddle held his medicine csise or the bridle reins in his teeth.

"We heard a good joke told not long since rela- tive to a physician of a neighboring county. He was called to a see a patient who lived on the Sangamon, and accordingl.v, after bidding his wife goodbye, he started in the dark to ride across the prairie. After riding a long time he came to a house. He alighted, knocked at the door, to hear the question. 'Who's there?' He answered )iy asking the way to the house of the patient he started to see. What was his aston- ishment to hear instead of the requested direc- tions, a lady's voice questioning : 'Why William, is that you?' and the worthy physician found that he had alighted at his own door, and was talking to his own wife."

Since those early days conditions have changed very materially. The modern physician is better fitted by study, training and equipment to follow his profession, and he is given oppor- tunities through medical societies and journals of keeping abreast of the tunes. The members of the medical profession in Piatt County have not neglected their opportunities, and are num- liered among the most alert, skilled and capable physicians and surgeons of the state. They are frequently called into consultation, and some of them enjoy more than local reputation through their papers published in the medical journals or read at meetings of the societies ronnecte<l with their profession.

PROFESSION ABLY REPRESENTED.

Tlie leading physicians and surgeons of Piatt County are as follows : Monticello : B. L. Barker, C. M. Bumstead, W. B. Caldwell, J. M. Holmes, W. G. McDeed and ,7. D. Knott, and also Dr. C. C. Cline. osteopath, Bement: W. G. McPherson, A. L. Trahue, AHiert Field, S. C. Vance. Mansfield: J. V. Champion, E. Y. Young. DeLand ; G. S. Walker. J. F. Barton.

field

X^.

/yuX 2^

=:x

III! I • I I I I I I I I ] I I I I I I • II

66i;

ni STORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

The	cnidf
lioalth,	Saf':
deatli.	Th*-
every
thp Wl
ot nv.y
.-.f HOi- .
in nit'.
be tnit	•A •
much uK'Vv .

A URXVEB6AL IMPULSE.

;>--• ;.'.v;i;.-i- .s<>«k>< to preserv'' his '- txfinii and guaru off tnn t" lie tmlHKlil**! in . to have e.v' I history.

.i.,.;it IJic.

I'U, and to apprecliite

lit the bnye and self-sacrificing raei' ondun-d tbom :

•"J'l trial.-

ins of the 0".>(iiilv .,.

,ter (late Icnow nothiu):

Nf-urrence for them to

twenty or thirty miles

•,» WHO not the distance

>' MMuId often

'UK niuddj

Some-

-.iins,

!ie1d

i til?

■■ 'UST rCTi*fANENT PHY8ICIAS.

• er days of Piatt County this sec- : «1 to depeud upou tlie lulnlstra-

f..^:- ,.: ^<-iin; of thr ' ' •' -

reiiily untrained i; • fcssion-s or to soU'

in a more densely setiinl ijari oi the stale. U \V!)s not until 1838 Uiat the county had a per- laaneiiC pliys^ician, when Dr. Burrill loc;»teJ within its confines and heg«n liis labor of serv- ii.'e to those afflicted. Dr. King locate*! in Macon County in 1839 but his practice e.'ctended over a large iwrt of what Is now Tiatt County. Dr. Uillis followed soon afterwanl, and in IfWl Dr. Hull, one of the best beloved of the county's earlier phft*i(»iflns, caiae here. In ]i?i4r( Dr. C. It. Ward located st Montieello and Imtlt up the largest i)r!<ciice liitn>''i> •i.ii'V'd by any pli.v>- • oian of tJie twint m praottoe '

hi.s death, April :;:_

Dr. C\>tlln came to .M .>!iU -cUo in IWT No«»<:-ker In 185.T; Dr. Knott in 1S5.'>. af4.i

Dr. Wheeler came to M-m ,,

Dr. Mitchell, who later w»':j!

: I'.^ike Foi'li In !.*<«>:•! and wriH

■1 icliville. Dr. I'«oe.ser

fore l.SOO. Or Taylor

t .,•• '■•'1^. as was Ur J. fJ.

Some other prowini-nt early phyhUlsirw

Dr. Ruth, Dr. Rnby and Dr. Vau«- <»f

Colwrnati in 1^'iO.

cello jirlo.- to is'i*^

to Benient, --j!, " .'

the first I'h

settled at C.

was at Beuieii! !■•

I-eal.

were :

neuient, and Dr. Sinitju>n and Dr. Marshal! '>t

MackTille. ' '■

■1KI.<.J> Of PIONBEB PHY81C1.VNK

Quoting from .Mifc* Piatt's interesting hli-foo' .If the' county, the fc.;»owLii(t j!l^'«« »« excellent

idea ot the hardsliiiR x' ••' • r physician.

which she doubtless hen ■'* ff some

•iMii round r. and waft

rtns>v.

patiei.' .

ishnieut to liear '

tions, a lady's viv'

is that yoi''

tlwt he h!i ■

talking to Ui:- Slnce those early ttayi* conditions have

I'lianged very materially. The modem physician

in better fitted by sttwlr, training and equipment

to follow his profession, and .he Is given oppor- ■" • • medical societies and journals.

• of the times. The members . fcision in. Piatt County have ;■■ opijortonities. and are ouni- .r.ost alert. sl<i!!e<l pid <«T»able

; ) \s'< jiiMs :i;i! >iir.?eons of thi

(V*«HiPUtly called into consr.';

oi them enjoy more *iv'i

through their papers pi

journals or rend at n^

oonnectiMl wltii their vr

•'n»e le«\

>/,

r4-^^

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

667

Cisco : B. L. Groves. Hammond : J. H. JIc- Nutt, O. D. Xoe and Dr. Lewis. White Heatli : W. N. Sievers.

PIATT COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY.

The Piatt County Medical Society was organ- ized in 1004 with the following officials : Dr. X. N. Vance of Beuient, president ; Dr. C. M. Bumstead. vice president; and Dr. B. L. Earlier, secretary.

Its present ottioers are as follows : Dr. B. L. Barker, president; Dr. J. G. Lane, vice presi- dent ; Dr. W. G. McDeed, secretary.

This society holds meetings quarterly, where papers are read and general discussions follow.

CHAPTER X.

THE PRESS.

POWER OF THE PEESS FIRST EDITOR — FIRST NEWS>-

PAPER — THE MONTICELLO TIMES — SUBSEQUENT CHANGES IN NAME — THE SUCKER STATE — THE

CONSERVATIVE — THE PIATT COUNTY' UNION THE

PIATT INDEPENDENT — THE PIATT REPUBLICAN

THE MONTICELLO BULLETIN THE PRESENT TITLE

OLDEST PAPER IN COUNTY — PRESENT OWNERS

PIATT COUNTY- HERALD PIATT COUNTY' REPUBLI- CAN— PI.\TT COUNTY' PILOT — BEMENT UNION

THE FARMERS ADVOCATE — BEMENT GAZETTE —

CEBRO GORDO TIMES BEMENT REGISTER — CERRO

GORDO NEWS — DELAND TRIBUNE MANSFIELD EX- PRESS— ATWOOD HERALD — CISCO REVIEW — HAM- MOND COURIER A WORD OF APPRECIATION.

POWEB OF THE PRESS.

In these days when the power of the press is SO generally recognized, when through the pages of the journals evils are exposed and reforms are advocated that many times are car- ried out to a successful termination thereby, it is difficult to conceive a time, or recognize the limitations of a period when there were no news- papers in Piatt and other counties in the state. To be sure outside papers were sent to the resi- dents from other sections, either from one or the other of the great cities, or from a former place of residence, so the people were kept in- formed of the doings of the outside world, yet

it was not until ISoU that Piatt County had a paper of its own.

THE MONTICELLO TIMES.

.James D. Moody was the first editor of the ^ first newspaper of Piatt County, the first copy of which was issued in November of 185(J and called The Jlonticello Times. Mr. Moody con- tinued the editor and proprietor for a short time and then disposed of his interests to J. C. Johnson, who continued to issue the paper under its original name for a time, but later sold it to James Outten, and he continued the paper under this same name until he took a Mr. Hassett into liartnership, when the name was changed to that of The Sucker State. Subsequently GiUilaud and Tritt bought out Outten and Hassett, and were issuing the paijer in 1S59. About that time the paper was sold to Thomas Milligan, who changed the name to The Conservative and edited it until 1SG2, when he sold it to W. E. Lodge, who continued the owner until 1864, during a portion of that period having J. M. Holmes assisting him. Mr. Lodge sold the paper to X. E. Rhoades and it was continued under the auspices of the Union League, Mit. A. Bates being its editor during the presidential campaign of 1864, when the paper was Issued under the name of The Piatt County Union. The next change was made when James M. Holmes be- came the owner and again the name was clianged to The Piatt Independent, and was issued first as such November 23, 1865. After seven years, Mr. Holmes changed the name to The Piatt Re- publican, and three years later sold it to H. B. Funk. In 1876 the paper received still another name, it then being pulslished as The Montlcello Bulletin. Mr. Funk sold it to Mise and Wagner, the firm later becoming Mise Bros., but in 1882 Mr. Funk bought the paper back again. It still later passed into the hands of W. E. Krebs, who was a very forceful writer, and one long to be remembered for his work. Mr. Krebs was suc- ceeded liy Evan Stevenson, who, after a year, sold it to C. E. Gaumer, and he in turn disposed of it to H. W. Buclvle. The present owners are Mrs. Bettie D. Kelley and Richard Whitehead. The Bulletin is Democratic in politics and de- voted to promoting the interests of Piatt County.

THE PIATT COUNTY' HERALD.

The exact date of the founding of The Piatt County Herald is not known, but when H. D. Peters came to Monticello in 1874 it was being

668

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

issued by Seroggs aud Peters, and he soou became its sole owuer aud editor and was cou- uefted with it for inauy years, it later being merged with the ludependeut in IH'.yJ, the latter paper having been founded in ISST by G. A. Burgess, who bought the Herald aud issued it under the name of The Piatt Couuty Republican. It is uow owned by the Kepublicau Printing Company, which was incorporated under the laws of Illinois May 15th, 1«96, with a capital stock of $lo,UUii. Its present manager is J. C. Tippett, ex-circuit clerk aud ex-mayor of Mou- ticello. It is Republican in politics and devoted to advancing the interests of Piatt County.

THE PIATT COUNXy PILOT.

In April, 1896, The Piatt Couuty Pilot came into existence, being established by L. .S. Kil- born and Son. The succeeding November a stock company was incorporated under the name of the Piatt County Pilot Company, and C. H. Kil- born was made editor and manager. The paper was the property of the stock company uutil 1900, when it was bought by L. S. Kilborn and Son. In April, 1908, L. S. Kilborn & Sou sold the Pilot to the Republican Printing Company.

THE BEilENT UNION.

Bement was the home of The Bemeut Uuiou, establishetl in April, ISGO, by James Shoaff, of Decatur, and Mr. Outten, of Monticello. The journal was a small one, brought out uuder disadvantages, in the warehouse of Freese & Company. Owing to the enlistment of Mr. Shoaff for service during the Civil War, April 18, 1861, Mr. Sanches became editor and pub- lisher, but within a few months, the paper was discontinued.

THE FARMEBS ADVOCATE.

The next paper owned by Bement was The Farmers Advocate, issued by John Smith, John S. Harper and Mit Bates. The Bement Register was another early paper, founded by J. H. Jacobs, who was succeeded by a Mr. Connor. The Independent and the Bement Gazette were two other very early papers. J. I. ChiWon started the Bement Gazette, but later sold it to Eli Drum.

THE CEBRO GORDO TIMES.

Many years ago Cerro Gordo had a iiaper known as The Cerro Gordo Times, which was

edited by J. H. Jacobs, but it was discontinued after a short existence.

Other papers in the couuty are as follows : The Bement Register, edited by Roy A. Lane; The Cerro Gordo News, edited by E. T. Gossett ; The DeLand Tribune, edited by J. S. Murijhy & Son ; The Mansfield Express, edited by J. W. Hilligoss ; The Atwood Herald, edited by Harry Gilpin ; The Cisco Review, edited by A. B. Glenn ; The Hammond Courier, edited by E. B. Leavitt.

A WORD OF APPREC1.\TI0N.

Too much cannot be said relative to the sin- cerity, progressiveness and alertness of the liresent editors and their assistants now engaged in conducting the journals of Piatt County. To one who has never had any of the responsibili- ties of editorial work, these duties may not appear so onerous, but to one who understands aud appreciates them, their weight and value are appreciable. The editor of a live newspaper is the educator of his readers, the source from whence comes their conception of public policies, and the one who shapes in no small degree the moral standing of the community. When all this is taken into consideration, there is little wonder that the newspaper men of any county stand among the leading and responsible citi- zens, and that their advice and influence are sought by those desiring to achieve success along any line of work that retjuires the sanction of the majority.

CHAPTER XI.

EDUCATIONAL.

EXCEIiENT SCHOOLS — SUBSCRIPTION SCHOOLS AT

FIRST — C-\BIN SCHOOLHOUSES SOCIAL CENTERS

VARIOUS BUILDINGS UTILIZED THE TYPICAL PIO- NEER SCHOOLHOUSE DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOLS

BY TOWNSHIPS MONTICELLO EARLIEST

SCHOOLS PRESENT FINE BUIIJ)ING • — HIGH

SCHOOL COURSE LIST OF EDUCATORS — VALUA- TION OF SCHOOL PROPERTY — IN CITY — SCHOOLS OUTSIDE OF CITY — .\LL WELL EQUIPPED — BEMENT FIRST SCHOOL IN 1850 — PRESENT FINE BUILD- ING — LIST OF EDUCATORS • — BEMENT RURAL SCHOOLS — CEBRQ GORDO CITY SCHOOL FACILITIES ON ACCREDITED LIST OF UNIVERSITY OF ILLI-

LINCOLN SCHOOL. ilOXTICELLO

HIGH SCHOOL, JIOXTICKLLO

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

669

NOIS — LIST OF EDUCATORS — MILMINE GRADED SCHOOL AND EDUCATORS — LA PLACE GRADED SCHOOL AND EDUCATORS — OTHER TOWNSHIP

SCHOOLS — GOOSE CREEK INITIAL SCHOOLS

JIODERN BUILDING AT DE LAND — TEACHERS HEBE

— -OTHER TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS SANGAMON —

PRINCIPAL SCHOOL AT WHITE HEATH — LIST OF

EDUCATORS WILLOW BRANCH — FIRST SCHOOL

BUILDING ON THE CREEK ONLY VILLAGE SCHOOL

AT CISCO LIST OF TOWNSHIP EDUCATORS LIST

OF RURAL SCHOOLS — UNITY FIRST SCHOOL- HOUSE BUILT IN 1842 — PIEBSON DISTRICT FORMED

IN 1883 — DISTRICT TEACHERS FINE MODERN

BUILDING AT ATWOOD SOME OF THE EDUCATORS

TOWNSHIP RURAL SCHOOLS — BLUE RIDGE

MANSFIELD GRADED SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL

COURSE ON ACCREDITED UNIVERSITY LIST TOWN- SHIP EDUCATORS — RURAL SCHOOLS — VALUES AND ENROLLMENT IN COUNTY — OTHER EDUCATIONAL

FACILITIES SCHOOL AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES

VALUABLE PRIVATE LIBRARIES GENERAL EDUCA- TIONAL STANDING HIGH.

EXCELLENT SCHOOLS.

It is a matter of pride in Piatt County that its sdiools rank among the best of their gi-ade in the state, a stand well taken by the people who recognize that the public schools are vital fac- tors in the upbuilding of the nation. No country can substantially advance without good schools, for in them tlie plastic minds of youth are moulded and opportunity for development of individuality is afforded. The people of Piatt County are to be commended for the special attention they have given to their schools, estab- lishing them early and advancing from primitive conditions to a position that reflects credit upon the county and state.

Diu'ing the early days of Piatt County, the schools were conducted upon the subscription plan. A teacher, sometimes a young man who was studying for the ministry, tlie law or for the medical ijrofession, would go around among the parents, and secure the promise of a certain amount for each child of school age. When enough promises had been secured, the teacher would open up his school, oftentimes in his own cabin, or that of a neighbor who, longing to secure advantages for his own children, was willing to put up with the annoyance of lending his own home for school puriioses. Again, the neighbors banded together, each promising a definite amount, and a teacher was secured. In either case the school was founded upon sub-

scriptions. Not only was money scarce in these early days, but in some cases it was almost an unknown quantity, so the pioneer teacher often received his remuneration in produce. An old settler of Piatt County laughingly tells of the number of weeks he attended one of these primi- tive schools for a calf his father gave in return for the knowledge imparted to him.

As soon as possible after settlement, a little cabin was erected by neighbors in various sec- tions, the material and work being usually gladly contributed by parents who were anxious to secure for their offspring proper educational advantages. These little cabins generally served various purposes. During the week days, in them were gathered the children seeking to learn of this world's knowledge ; on Sunday, whenever a clergyman could be secui-etl, their parents gathered with them to learn of the promises of another world. The church-schoolhouse at times also was used as a polling place, and now and then for political discussions, so that these cabins were, in fact, the cradle of the county's future.

THE TYPICAL SCHOOLHOUSE.

The pioneer schoolhouse has been described so often as to be as- well known to the present generation of readers as it was to those who attended school in it, but a few words relative to it may not come amiss here. While these little cabins were crude, so were those in which the pioneers lived. Every frontier community has faced the necessity of roughing it until civilization brings in its train the luxuries of life. Far away from mills, the pioneers had to cut and hew out their logs for the buildings to keep them from the weather, and used mud and sticks to fill up the crevices. They had no great school furniture establishments to fill orders for desks and seats, so chopped out makeshifts for themselves. A slab with pegs for legs did for a seat. Larger slabs, fastened against the wall, served for writing desks. The floor was made of what were called puncheons, and the one room was heated by a great flreplace made of stones, mud and sticks, which, while it accom- modated large logs, sent so much of the heat up the chimney that it was. perhaps, just as well that there were not too many windows and doors, or the poor pupils might have congealed during those cold winter months, when they studied their scraps of books, eagerly absorbing all the knowledge their untrained teacher, often-

670

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

times youuger than themselves, had to impart.

Judging from the standard raised by our mod- ern public schools, these pioneer schools appear almost impossible, and until due thought is given the matter, it would seem that they imparted little Information, but, out of them came the real, upbuilding men of the country. In those tiny cabins the men who have made tliis country what it is today, gained their first acquaintance with books, and had awakened in them a thirst for knowledge that impelled them ever forward until they themselves brought into existence the tinest school system the world knows. The earn- est purpose to learn and profit was there, and the crude facilities and poorly equipped in- structors could not dampen the enthusiasm or retard the progress.

A history of the development in the schools of Piatt County is best given by reviewing the work accomplished in each township.

IIONTICELLO TOWNSHIP.

James Outen taught tlie first school in Monti- cello Township, in a cabin that stood west of the city of Monticello, in the vicinity of the river. The first school in the city proiier was taught by George A. Tatterson in the courthouse, and to it went many whose names have be- come household words in the county. An early schoolhouse was known as the old brick school- house, and was erected in the southern end of the town in lSo7-S, with Isaiah Stickle as the first teacher. Improvements were made in this building in 18G9, but in 1903 it was torn down.

Wlien the time came that the people of Mon- ticello decided to erect a suitable building that would house the school children, with a gener- osity characteristic of those times, A. J. Wiley not only donated the land, located a block south of the square next to the Presbyterian Church lot, but helped his neighbors to build the school- house.

A spacious ten-room schoolhouse was built in 1894, at a cost of .^22,(i00, heated by steam and jirovided with water. A fine library was pro- vided, and the grounds were lieautified. The high school course was established, which em- braces the following studies, divided into four years :

t-econd Year.

First Year.

English,

Algebra,

Latin,

Greek History,

Physiography, Homan History, Botany, Manual Training

English.

Plain Geometry, Latin (Ctesar), Med. History, Zoology,

Modern History, Physiology, German, Manual Tr.-iinini;

Third Year. English, Solid Geometry,

Algebra, German,

Latin (Cicero), Economics.

English History, Bookkeeping.

Physics,

Fourth Year.

English,

Com. Arithmetic.

American History.

Chemistry,

Com. Geography, Civics, Educ-ational I'sychology.

Some of the educators who have been asso- ciated with this school are as follows : John P. .Mcintosh, P. T. Nichols, G. A. Burgess, F. V. Dilatush, J. H. Martin, Mary Reed, Joseph Gale, W. II. Humphrey, W. H. Skinner, W. C. Hobson, E. A. Fritter, J. II. Meneely, A. W.. Gross and B. D. Remy.

Some idea of tlie advance made can be gained from the following figures : In 1900 the entire school property of Monticello was valued at !t!30,000, and the attendance was 500 pupils. Ip 1915 the valuation was $75,000, while the num- ber of pupils enrolled was 505. Tlie following schools outside the city are in Monticello Town- ship : Stringtown, Dighton. Prairie Chapel, Ridge. Haneline, Iuder>endent, Xew York, Cas- ner, Anderson and Dublin.

BEMENT TOWNSHIP.

In 1856 Henry C. Booth opened the first school in Bement Township, the school term being three months out of the year, for which he received a compensation of $120 for the entire period.

It was not until 1859 that a schoolhouse was built, the schools prior to that being held in rented buildings. As was so usual in early times, the ground was given, L. B. Wing and William Rea being the donators. This school had two rooms, and in ISCO four more rooms were added. .K still further addition was made of two rooms in 1.886. and four more in 1892, making in all twelve rooms. This schoolhouse had a steam plant that was put in in 1884. Damages were sustained through lightning in 1898, which were

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

671

repaired, but iu April, 1899, the building was destroyed by Are. A uew building was erected in 1900, at a cost of $27,000. Tlie building is now valued at $33,000, and there is an attend- ance of ioO pupils. Some of the educators who have been associated with this school are as follows :

H. E. Coffeen, S. K. Bodman, J. W. Richards, C. D. Moore, J. B. Lovell, A. S. Norris, J. A. Hilman, J. R. Johnson, J. N. Patrick, E. M. Chenney, Mrs. Shirli, F. M. Fowler, A. W. Mason, W. J. Cousins, J. H. McConias, G. C. Gantz, A. C. Butler, Thomas Sterling ( now U. S. Senator from S. Dakota), Miss Belle Sterling, R. 0. Leickman, T. C. Clendereii, I. N. Wade, W. E. Mann, Ohas. W. Groves, A. B. Martin and J. M. Martin. •

The Bement Rural school had its beginning in 1S7S, when a frame sehoolhou.se was built in the southern part of the township for the pupils who lived too far away from the Bement Village school, and Joanna Fleming was the first teacher. This school is still being conducted. The rural schools in Bement Township, out- side the two mentioned above, are : Ray, Moma, Davies, Fisher, Concern, Mitchell, Bement, Rural, Coffin and Moore.

CERBO GOEDO TOWNSHIP.

Until 1857 the pupils of Cerro Gordo Town- ship attended a school held over the line, in Macon County, but in that year ai schoolhouse was erected on the site of the present building, with Andrew ilcKiuney as the first teacher.

A two-room brick building was erected in 1868, and in 1873 an addition of two rooms was added, while in 1881 its capacity was enlarged by addition of another room. These additions, while adding to its seating space, made it some- what awkward to heat, and otherwise incon- venient, and in 1000 it was replaced by a mod- ern, six-room building, steam heated, and sup- plied with modern conveniences. Two rooms have recently been added to the building. This scliool has a four-year high school course, and is on the accredited list of the University of Illinois.

The following edticators ha\e been associated with the work at this school :

Olive! E. Coffeen. G. N. Snapp, John Loeffler, A. L. Starr, Fred T. Ullrich, Geo. S. Morris, Geo. N. Cade, F. P. Worth.

A two-story brick sehoolliouse was built at Milmine in 1871, and Jasper N. Wilkinson was the first principal. Other educators associated

with this school have been : A. C. Duncan, Thomas Gilvere, C. O. Wash, Chas. Mcintosh, C. E. Leathers, R. H. McAtee, Everett Garrett Linley Howver, Wan-en Sanders.

The first La Place school building was erected in 18S4, and another took its place m 1903. This school has a high school course, ami an attendance of about 130 pupils. Some of the educators connected with this school have been : A. C. Duncan, Arthur Verner, L. F. Nichol, J. E. Underwood, C. E. Leathers and Evertt Garrett.

In addition to the three graded schools above given, Cerro Gordo Township has the following schools : Guilford, Pemble, East Union, Star, Pleasant View, Voorhies, Center 16-5, Centen- nial, Prairie Dell, Center, Center 16-4, Clark and Lintner.

GOOSK CREEK TOWNSHIP.

George A. Patterson was the teacher of the first school held in the first schoolhouse that was built in Goose Creek Township, near the present site of the Piatt school. Another early school was that known as the Morain school, and both were well attended.

DeLand has a comfortable six-room school- house that was built in 1905, and ifi is heated by steam. Some of its educators have been as follows: H. H. Kirkpatrick, H. S. Davis, Thomas GUvere, A. C. Staley, Otto Weedman, Arthur Verner, E. C. Graybill. O. N. Keger, Francis Thompson, Lewis Boyer.

The rural schools in Goose Creek Township are as follows : Mount Vernon, Wisegarver, Western, Fairview, Pleasant Falls, Harmony, Piatt, Morain, Ashland, Prospect, Enterijrise and Kentucliy.

SANGAMON TOWNSHIP.

That veteran teacher, George A. Patterson, taught the first school in Sangamon Township. The school was kept in a log house north of White Heath, near the old White schoolhouse.

White Heath's schoolhouse was built in 1893, but additions have been made to the original building. Among those who have been associated with the educational work in this school are: Alfred Ewington, Clark Blacker, J. T. Gale, C. M. Morris, Adam Volcker, Geo. Larrick, Lewis Boyer, W. H. Skinner.

WILLOW BRANCH TOWNSHIP.

Willow Brand! Township has the distinction of being able to claim Judge Edward Ater as the first teacher of the school kept within its

672

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

limits, this being about 1840. This primitive building stood on the creek from which Willow Branch gets its name. The only village school in the township is at Cisco, and it shows com- mendable growth. Some of the educators of this township have been : D. C Shaff, Tenney Pease, Charley C. Walsh, Geo. Larrick, J. H. Glaeser, R. II. JIcAtee.

Tlie rural schools of Willow Branch Township are : New Union, Excelsior, Wild Cat, Shady Nook, East Cisco, West Cisco. Oak Grove, Wil- low Branch, Havely, Riverside, Dillow, Hanover, Baker and Grove.

UNITY TOWNSHIP.

The first schoolhouse of Unity Township was built in 1S42 and the teacher was John Collins. Mackville had a schoolhouse as early as 1S58, and school was taught by James Lems. In 1.S76 a schoolhouse was moved to Hammond from a site near the present Hammond cemetei-j'. This building was replaced by a better one in 1882, and with another in 1914.

The Pierson District was formed in 1883. and George F. Righter taught the first school. A larger schoolhouse was built in 1892. Teachers of this district have been : Geo. Morris, H. C. Gross, Alice Withers, John P. Rose. May Burks, Maggie Walker, Ruby Quick. Florence Eskridge.

The Atwood District was organized into a union school district in 1884. The village of Atwood has the novel feature of lying on the county line between Piatt and Douglas counties, the line being the main street of the place. The present schoolhouse was built In 1914, and is a fine modern building. Among the educators who have Ineen associated with this district are : Geo. S. Morris, James Hicks, Thomas W. Sam- uels, Arthur Xiedermier, V. Smith, Tj. P. Baird, M. A. Thresher. M. A. Hester, P. J. Heaney. Chds. Gott. Arthur O. Fraser.

The rural schools in the township are : Bairil. McCabe, Shonkwiler, Baker. Morgan, Leavit, Easton, Harshbarger, Love and Maple Grove.

BLI'E KIDGE TOWNSHIP.

The first schoolhouse of Blue Ridge Township was built in 1854. The only graded school in this township is that at Mansfield, and there is a high school course and is on the accredited list of the State I'niversity. Among the educa- tors associated with work in the township are: G. N. Snapp, U B. White. Nellie Yursk, T. L.

Cook, C. C. Forest, O. N. Kiger, James Morkel, J. A. Alexander, L. E. Gohn.

The rural schools are as follows : Blue Ridge, Langley. Van Meter, West Point, Gillespie, Mc- Gath, Watson, South Prairie, Klinger, Victory, I'leasant Grove, Number Six and Elwood.

VALUES AND ENROLLMENT.

Piatt County values its school property at .fSSe.TOo. There are 5 high schools (four year) ; 14 graded schools ; and 89 country schools ; also 2 three-year and 2 two-year high schools. The number of teachers employed is 180, of which 14 are principals. There are 5 accredited schools in the county, namely : Monticello, Bement, At- wood, Cerro Gordo and Mansfield. The schools of this county rank as first grade. The per- centage of Piatt County pupils who attend higher Institutions of learning is high. The annual enrollment of 1915 was 4,124 pupils.

SCHOOL AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES.

Excellent libraries are maintained in the fol- lowing schools : Monticello, Bement, Atwood, Cerro Gordo and Mansfield.

Piatt County has four public libraries, located as follows : Monticello. Bement, De Land and Atwood.

PRIVATE LIBRARIES.

Among the people who have very fine private libraries may be mentioned the following : George R. Trenchard, of De Land ; Frank V. Dilatush. of Monticello; H. E. Shaw, of Bement; Rev. Shirey. of Bement; Mrs. J. N. Dightou. of Monticello.

CHAPTER XII.

BANKS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

GENERAL FINANCIAL CONDITIONS — NECESSITY FOR BANKS — POWER OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS- FIRST BANKS — MOORE STATE BANK OF MONTI- CELLO FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF MONTICELLO

FARMERS NATIONAL BANK OF MONTICELLO — FIRST

NATIONAL BANK OF ATWOOD STATE BANK OF

HAMMOND STATE BANK OF CERRO OORDO CITI- ZENS BANK OF CERRO GORDO STATE BANK OF LA

■ * * I I I I I

I I I I -

I I I I

I I

I f y

672

HISTORY OF PJATT COUNTY.

limits, this being about 1S40. This prlDoitive building stood on flic r-rwk from which Willow

Branch jrr in the t ■ niendal'l. townslii; Charley n. n. M

Thr T\r-:.

The ouly village school r.lsco, nud It shows com- iie of the e<.lueators of this 1 >. C. Shall, Tenney Peasf, .1. Larrick, J. H. Glaoser.

' s'--!iOols of Willow Branch Towusii' arc • ■ i -'ion. Excelsior, Wild Cat, Shad;.

Nf ., West CISCO; Oak Orove. Wil-

!(•'■ . 11 '.'ly. Riverside. Dillow, Hanover,

BiiUti' riiiU Urovo.

UNITY TOWWSHIf

rn*" first schoolhouse of rnity Townslilp -ivas i.iilti 111 l«i42 and tlie teaeher was John Collins. M.i •kville \\ni\ a schoolhouse as early as 1S58, Hill! sfliix>l was taught by .Tames Lewis. In 1S76 a schoolhouse was moved to Hammond from a site near the i>rosent Haiuiuond c-emeterj-. Tlils buildlnjr was replaced liy a better one in JS.S2, and with another in 1914.

Tlie Plerson District was foi'iued in 188:!. and (George V. Uighter tiiught the first school. A larger schoolhouse was built in 1892. Teachers of tills district have lieen : Geo. Morris, H. C. Gross, Alice Witliers, .Tohn P. Rose. May Burks, Maggie Walker, Ruby Quick, Florence Eskridae.

The Atwofid District was oifranized into a union school district in 1S84. The village of Atwood has the novel feature of lying on the Conner iffip hf-t>.veen Piatt and Douglas comities.

th. pi.

fii.f „. . have tx Geo. .^. uels. Arii M. A. T..

Chas. Got I .\r'. J/ ' -

The rural schools ii

McPalie, Shonkwller.

s main street of the place. The use was built in 1014, and is a

'■■" ''V ■ ■ educators wiic

<1istrict art . ■ mas W. Sam .. r. V. .^lititii, Jj V Baird, ■>. Hester, P. .T. llciiiiev. 1/ '- i'raser.

iht- township arc; Ba'.r- BaUor. Morgan, T.envii.

Easton, Harshbarger, Love and Maple Grove.

BLCF RIDGE TOWNSHIP.

The flrst Mshcjolhouse of Blue Ridge Township was bull: !n 1S'»4. Tlie only j^Taded school In this townshi)- >:« thai at Mansfield, and there Is H high RcUoti; . 1 ; - fjju accredited

U'Jt of the St.; ing the edoca-

..• s nssociul»<! i'i:,>!i;i. Hi-p

Cook, C. C. Forest, O. N. Kiger, Jata«« Morkei. J. A. Alexander, L. E. Gohn.

The rural schools are as follows : Bl'.i ' I^anglej. Van Meter, West Point, Gil!e>, Gath, Wats<>n, South Prairie, Klinger. \ ■ I'1e<ii«aiit Grove, Number SL-c and Elwood.

s<-hooI property at

. ..,^.,1^ (four year) ;

schools ; also

■:'^ools. The

.f which

: >vhools

niiM.-->i':

14 are ; ■

in the coumj.

wood, CeiTO <■

of this count;,

eentage of Piait Coani.i;

higher Institutions of h-iii'

annual enrollment of 191."> n •- :

SCHOOt .VND PUBUC UBiiV; . -

Excellent libraries are ninintained in the fol- lowiuj^ schools : Mouticello, Bement, Atwood, Cerro Gordo and Mansfield.

Piatt County has four public libraries, located as follows : .Monticellu, Bement, De Land and .\twood.

PBIV.VTK LIBiLtRItS.

..Vniong the people who have very fine private libraries may be mentioned the following: George R. Treuchard, of De Land ; Frank V. Dilatush, of Montieello; H. E. Shaw, of Bement; Rev. Shirey. of Bement; Mrs. J. N. DIghton, of \roiiti.-p;i,-i

CHAPTER XII.

vNKS AND OTHER FI.N.W IN.STITUTMN.-

t,ENEB.AI. rlMA-NlHI. lONIHTIONS B.\NKH — l-OWEB OF riNANtlvl FIKST BA.TRS — MOORE ST

«T? r,o — nssT >t\-ryi<\ n

'^uSltshmn Ca::

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

673

PLACE — BANK OF MILMINE — STATE BANK OK CISCO — STATE BANK OF DE LAND — FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF DE LAND — PIERSON BANK — PEOPLES STATE BANK OF MANSFIELD — STATE BANK OF

MANSFIELD S. L. SIEVERS & COMPANY BANK OF

WHITE HEATH — FIEST NATIONAL BANK OF BE- MENT — STATE BANK OF BEMENT — OTHER FINAN- CIAL INSTITLITIONS — MORTGAGE INVESTMENTS — REMARKABLE FINANCIAL CONDITION.

GENERAL FINANCIAL CONDITIONS.

When the world was new and there was no accepted standard for bartering, the people had no need for banking institutions. Each man was his own merchant, exchanging some com- modity of which he was possesssed, for some- thing another had that he wanted. However, as separate nations grew up out of scattered tribes, with permanent places of residence, the neces- sity arose for establishing some medium of ex- change that would represent to all a certain value, and would be taken in exchange for articles of various qualities and quantities. At one time rings of precious metals were used as this medium of exchange, but many centuries ago gold, silver and copper coins were struck off, each to rei)resent a certain stated value. This monetary s.vstem, at first very crude and inadequate as compared to the presents methods, was regarded as a wonderful advance upon former customs, as it was. As the years progressed, improvements were made until the banking system of today with its varied and multiform departments has been evolved, to meet the demands and requirements of international and internal transactions.

NECESSITY FOR BANKS.

From very early times the services of some one or other have been required hy those who had neither the time nor the*understanding of finances, to manage transactions between parties, especially those whom distance so sei)arated as to make a personal interview impossible. From these money changers of olden days have come the bankers of today. As is but natural these men in whose keeping has been entrusted the wealth of a people, have occupied a place of moment in their day and country. The weight of their judgment, the wisdom of their advice and the power of their influence have been recognized and accepted from the tlays of the New Testament.

POWER OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

It has long ago been admitted that were it nut for the remarkable advance and development of the banking system, with its international com- prexities. and connections, civilization would never have been developed to its present state. In war or peace, the bankers of a country, in large measure control its policies, and its stabil- ity and wealth most certainly deiiend upon the wisdom and sagacity of the men who hold its moneys. For these and many other reasons that might well be given, the banking interests of any community are among its most important, and the men at the head of such institutions are justly numbered among its most representa- tive and solid citizens.

FIRST BANKS.

The first bank of I'iatt County was the Moore State Bank of Monticello. Another early bank was that conducted by F. E. Bryant & Company under the name of The Bement Bank.

MOORE STATE BANK OF MONTICELLO.

The oldest bank in I'iatt Cuinity is the Moore State Bank, which has been continuously in business since its organization in 1870. Its present officials are as follows : D. M. Moore, president ; A. F. Moore, vice president ; R. B. Weddle, cashier ; \V. L. Plankerhorn, assistant cashier, and G. P. Martin, second assistant cash- ier. The board of directors is composed of the following members : IJeber Huston, D. M. Moore, J. P. Kratz, R. B. Weddle and A. F. Moore. The eajutal stock is .$100,000; the surplus and un- divided profits are $35,000 ; the loans are $340,- 000. and the deposits are .?400,000.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF MONTICELLO.

The First National Bank of Monticello was established in 1892 by William Noecker, John W. Dighton and G. A. Stadler, and incorporated that same year with William Noecker as presi- dent : John N. Dighton as vice president, and O. W. Moore as cashier, with a capital stock of .i;."iO,000. The present condition is as follows:

RESOURCES.

Loans and Discounts .$727,0^9.09

Overdrafts 3,977.95

Bonds, Securities, etc 47,989.66

United States Bonds at Par 100,000.00

674

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

Banking House. Furniture and Fi.x-

tures 10,000.00

Revenue Stamps 352.00

Stocks in Federal Reserve Bank 6,000.00

Due from Banks .$172,000.75

Redemption Fund with IT.

S. Treasurer 5,000.00

Caslj 58,170.69

235,237.14

Reserve for Interest and Taxes 1.197.84

Deposits 416,190.35

Total $1,130,570.14

Li.\niLiriKS.

Capital Stock $100,000.00

Surplus 100,000.00

Undividetl Profits 1,022.10

National Bank Notes Outstanding. . . 100,000.00 Deposits 829,554.04

Total .$1,130,576.14

The present officials and board of directors are as follows : William Dightou. president ; John N. Dighton. vice president : Frank Hetishee, vice president : Geo. B. Noecker. cashier ; Ernest E. Lohr. assistant cashier; and Robert H. Allerton, ('. .1. Bear. William Dighton, John N. Dighton. Frank V. Dilatush. W. H. England. Frank Hetishee. .John Kirb.v. (;. B. Noecker, AV. F. Stevenson. ('. A. Tatman. directors.

FARMERS STATU BA:«K OF itONTICELI.O.

The Farmers State Bank of Monticello was organized in 1011 by .T. W. Ayre, J. A. Salyes and .James I>. Allman. Sr.. with a capital stock of $56,000. The first officials were : J. A. Sal- yers as president ; .James Jj. Allman. Sr.. as vice president, and J. W. Ayre as cashier. The pres- ent condition of the liank is as follows :

RESOURCES.

Jaiuus and Jjiscounts $365,137.51

Overdrafts 3.058.16

Banking House, Furniture and Fix- tures 10.6SS.22

('Msh and Kxrhange 100.689.46

.*479.;

3.38

$479,573.38

( ■;ipital Stcck $ 50,000.00

Surplus 10,000.00

fiidividert I'niHts 2.18.5.19

The present officials and board of directors are as follows : J. A. Salyers, president ; W. F. Stevenson, vice president; .J. A. Allman. Sr., vice president ; .J. W. Ayre, cashier ; W. Har- rington, a.ssistaut cashier ; A. M. Foster, assist- ant cashier ; and W. F. Stevenson, M. Hazzard, J. F. Heath, J. L. Allman, J. W. McCollister, J. K. Rankin, G. W. Widick, John Smock, A. C. Edie. J. y. Ayre, J. A. Salyers, directors.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF ATWOOI).

The First National Bank of Atwood was founded in 1902 with a capital stock of $30,000. with Theodpre Gross as jjresident ; Edward I'arsons as vice president ; and Theodore Gross, Jr., as cashier. The present officials are as follows : Joseph Lewis, president ; C. M. BUick- inger. vice president, and C. E. Morrison, cashier.

STATE BANK OF HAMMOND.

The state Bank of Hammond was founded in 1898 by T. J. ICiyer and others, and incorporated in that year with a capital stock of $35,000. The present oHieials are: T. J. Kiyer, lu'esident ; O. I). Noe. vice president, and .J. W. Vent, cashier.

.STATE BANK t)r ( KKHO (;ORI10.

In 1894 the State I'.ank of Cerro (iordo was founded with a capital stock of $83,000, John N. Digliton being its first president. The iiresent officials are as follows: S. M. Funk, president; F. A'. Dilatush. vice president, and John W. Vent, cashier.

CITIZENS BANK OF CERRO (i0HI>O.

The Citizens Bank of Cerro Gordo was founded ill I'.ios. The individual responsibility is $300,- 0(Mi. it being a private liank. The officials at Iiresent are as follows: J. C. Peck, president: S. J. Still, vice iiresident. ;ind ICarl (iriswold. casliier.

STATE BANK OF F.A PLACE.

.John S. .Vter founded a private banking house :if La Place that in 1900 was incorporated as tlie State Bank of La Place. Isaac Shively is the Iiresent president; John Shiveley is the vice Iiresident. and P.. F. Kagey is the cashier.

''l{:'l'^(^j'r■^^

^i'^:?-<:Z_-f?'?.

X-

I I • f I I I '

• ■ • I I I f I

I I I

'U'f/':}t^i^-'i^!-y:i-m-'-i!

• f

674

HISTORY OF PLiTT COUNTy

Banking House, FiiruJtiiie and Fix- tures Iii,(.i0in«

Revenue Stauiiw a52.(iO

.Stocks in Fedemi Wterve Bunk CiXiO-'Hi

Duo from Rink- f ■.''j.ir'Q.':.

IJederaptioii Fuii;

S. Treasni"- Casli

.::T.44

('ai'ita! .Si.-. tni.m

Surplus !■/ '

ludivlilefl Profits l.'

X.itional Bank Notes OntstandinR. . . ]<X»,iHH^l^.(

Deposit.* «!9,.''>64.0*

ICrMTve for Inturest aud Ta.xes I.li>7.vt

l¥yo»ft8 » 4HJ,1!)0.?.J

Total

Ji.i.m.nTO.H

The preseiir "irni.ils :iiid iHi.inl i.f directors are iis follows : William Dighton. i>resident : Jobii iV. Dijibton. viix; president ; Frank Hetisliee, vice firesldeut: Geo. B. Noeeker, easbier; Ernest E. Lobr. assistant casbier; and Robert II. Allerton. C. .7. Bear, Witliani DiRbtou, John N. Digbton. Frank V. Dilutnsh. W. H. F.ngland, F^ank Hetisbee, .Tohn Klrby. (J. B. Noecker, W. F. Stevenson, C. A. Tatman, directors.

KARMER.S «T.\TK IS.VI^K OF MONTICEUX).

Tile Fttrniers State Bank of Montleello wfi< orsani/ed In 1011 by J. W. .\yre. .7. \. Sniyes and ,!;m?>"« t AHman, Sr., \ylth a capital stock of :*;' irst officials were: J. A .Sal-

yers .T«uies I>. AUnian. .Sr., as vice

presiu..: i^'. iVyre a.-; casbier. Tbe pres- ent c-ondltloii of the hnnk Is as follows:

Rt»*lH'W»;8.

I,..ans aud Discounts.. . ...... .*.'<l>ii,i:!7..'i-t

overdrafts .•1,058.10

Banking House, Furnlfure and I-Ik-

tures 10,(iS8.2:.'

• .sh and K.v.'huuge 100,089.4t5

uvx:

•Ai*

$ .'•O.IMXJ.liO H'.OOO.OO _MS.".10

$479,573.38

Tbe prc-..-fi' v^iclals aud board of directors .ire Hs foil'- • • ' * Sfllyers. president; W. F. >t*>Yn»Hj, vi- • .J .\ .\llniuu, Sr.,

yicc ijrv^ldeut ; casliier; W. Har-

•'•'■' -"Isfaui . \f 1 .■ .Ts?ist-

' : awl W. ^zard,

!i, J. 7.. Al. -.icr,

W. Widici. Edi .1 A. Saly>

rounded in li:tO- vriih ,

with Tbeodpre Gros.-.

Parsons as vice jiresldcnt ; au-i 1

.Tr.. as ca.shier. The present otli

follows: Joseph Lewis, president; i. . .»;. .....

iuKcr, vice president, aud O. E. Morrison, casbier.

.ST.VTE BANK OF HAMMOND.

The State Bank of Hammond was founded in 1808 by T. J. KJ.rer aud others, and incorporated in that year with a cafiital stock of JS.l.iX*. The present oflicials are : T. .1. Kly<?t'- president ; O. D. Noe. vice iiresident. and J. W. Vent, fashb'v.

STATE RANK OF CERKO (JORDO.

■ 1 I -;M the State Bank of Cerro Gordo was f<miiil«l with a cai>ital stock of .$8:i,0t)0, John V. Dlghton bpui,a U> first president. Tbe present officials arc as follows: S. M. l'"^uk, president; F. V. Diiatnsb, vice president, and John W. Vent, cashier.

rniZKXS BANK OF CERBO OOKIK).

Tlie ( ifizens Bank of Cerro (Jordo was |oMid«<i in liKis. Tbe individual res[M>nslbillf>- ie WOO. fxto. it being a i)rlvate »Miuk. The officials f present are as follows J, !'. Peck, presid.-

S. .1. Still, vie = ■■ ■■■ ' ' ■ ' '

cashier.

STATE l;4.NK OK l\

.lohn .s. Ater founded n pr at fji Place that in 1" " the Stale Bank of 1 the present pit'si.li-ii president, aud ' ■■ :

f

Cmlho^l,

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

675

BANK OF MII-MINE.

lu 1903 the Bank of Mllraine was t'ouiKled as a Iirivate banking house. The individual respon- sibility is .foO.CXXI. James Fisher is the presi- dent ; Isaac Hawver is the vice president, and It. L. Ilawver is the cashier.

.STATE BANK OF CISCO.

The State Bank of Cisco was founded as the Crouinger Bank and was incorporated in 1897 witli a capital stock of $52,000. The present officials are as follows : E. O. Martin, president ; Charles Doane, vice president, and W. T. Har- din, cashier.

STATE BANK OF DE LAND.

The state Bank of De Land was organized in 1889 and incorporated with a c-apital stock of $25,000. Its present nnaucial condition is as follows :

RESOURCES.

Loans and Discounts .$213,071.28

Overdrafts 860.31

Banking House, Furniture and Fix- tures 10,000.00

Cash and Due from Banks 45,931.13

.$269,802.72

LTABII.IT1ES.

Capital Stock $ 25,000.00

Surplus 10,000.00

T^ndivided Profits less Expenses and

Taxes Paid 1,385.67

Deposits 219,177.05

Borrowed 14,000.00

$269,862.72

The present officials are as follow.s : John Kirby, president ; J. N. Rodman, vice president ; E. T. McMillen, cashier, and E. E. Rinehart, assistant cashier. The board of directors is com- posed of the following : John Kirby, II. II. (iilmore, Reemt Lubbers, J. N. Rodman, Jiirko O. Lubbers, I. L. Rinehart, W. W. Kirkland.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF DE LAND.

The First National Bank of De Land was established in 1901. The present condition of the bank is as follows :

RESOURCES.

Loans and Discounts $179,491.25

Overdrafts 2,105.12

Bonds. Securities, etc 500.00

United States Bonds at Par 35,000.00

Banking House, Furniture and Fix- tures 8,788.00

Stock in Federal Reserve Bank 1,650.00

Redemption Fund with U. S. Treas. . 1,750.00

Casli and Due from Banks 42,759.75

$272,044.12

LIABILITIES.

Capital stock $ 35,000.00

Surplus 20,000.00

Tiudivided Profits 1,366.00

National Bank Notes Outstanding... 35,000.00

Due to Banks 6 124.51

Deposits 174,653,61

S272,044.12

The present officials are as follows: G. R. Trenchard, president ; C. E. England, vice presi- dent; J. B. Rinehart, cashier; C. L. Bollenbach, assistant cashier. The present board of directors is as follows: George Bosler, C. E. England, H. W. Gantz, D. W. Hursh, M. E. Miller, Ellis Reed, G. R. Hursh, T. G. Wisegarver, Smith Wisegarver, G. R. Trenchard.

PIERSON BANK.

The Pierson Bank was founded in 1902, at I'ierson. At present Joseph Lewis is its presi- dent and B. Erhardt is its cashier.

PEOPLES STATE BANK OF MANSFIELD.

In 1910 the Peoples State Bank of Mansfield • was incorporated with a capital stock of $30,000. The present officials are as follows: Samuel Howe, president; George Howe, vice president, and Charles Slater, cashier.

At one time there was a bank at Mansfield known as the First National Bank of Mansfield, but it failed in 1902, later being re-organized as the Mansfield Banking Company, with a capital stock of $25,000. This last named organization was also dissolved.

STATE BANK OF MANSFIEIJ).

In 1899 the State Bank of Mansfield was organized, and later incorporated. Tlie present

676

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

officials are as follows: W. H. Firke, president; Alvali James, vice president, and W. H. Burn, casliier.

S. L. SIEVERS & COMPANY BANK OF WHITE HEATH.

In 1913 S. L. Sievers founded a private bank- ing house, whicli Is conducted under the firm name of 8. L. Sievers & Compau.v. with S. L. Sievers as president : and Carl De Land as cashier.

riKST NATIONAL BANK OF DEMENT.

In 188S The First National Bank of Bement was founded. It is in a very sound financial condition, its capital stock and surplus being $50,000. The present officials are as follows: W. M. Camp, president ; W. R. Camp, vice presi- dent; and W. A. Steel, cashier.

STATE BANK OF BEMENT.

The State Bank of Bement was founded in 1914, and incorporated under its present cap- tion. Its capital and surplus of $50,000 gives it solidity. Its present officials are as follows: H. E. Shaw, president; A. L. Wilkerson, vice president; and R. M. Fleming, cashier.

OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

Piatt County has several other financial insti- tutions, among them being the following : The Piatt County Loan Association of Monticello, and the Digbton-Dilatush Loan Company of Monticello.

MORTGAGE INVESTMENTS.

A very important feature of the financial transactions of any community, is the loaning of money upon good security. Many men of means prefer this form of investment to any other, and some refuse to consider any other kind, feeling that no other can offer the sure returns and gild edged security, as that given by mortgages upon real estate. Farm lands have of late years been a favored security, and those desiring to raise funds to meet unusual conditions, or to expand their operations, find that they have little or no difficulty in obtaining what they need upon a fair valuation of their property.

REMARKABLE FINANCIAL CONDITION.

There are eighteen banks in Piatt County, or a bank for less than each one thousand of the population. This is not all. for there are a

number of banking institutions located but a short distance across the county line that naturally absorb some of the business ; and De- catur and Champaign are nearby cities, and some of the financial transactions are made in them. The fact that the county supports eighteen sound banking houses is but another proof of the claim the people have long made, and successfully maintained, that Piatt County is the wealthiest county for its size in the state, and with one excejition, in the United States.

CHAPTER XIII.

RAILROADS.

TR.\NSPOETATI0N PROBLEMS FIRST ROADS BUTFALO

AND INDIAN TRAILS OLDEST MADE ROAD — FIBST

STATE ROAD — STAGE ROUTES ESTABLISHED — AC- COMMODATED TRAVELERS FOR MANY YEARS — RAILROADS SOUNDED THEIR KNELL — FIRST RAIL- ROAD CONSTBUCTION WORK IN 1855 WABASH

RAILROAD BEGAN OPERATING AS THE CHICAGO & PADUCAH — STATIONS ON THE WABASH IN PIATT

COUNTY" ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD BRANCH

LINE FIBST BORE NAME OF THE MONTICELLO RAIL- ROAD— ^MANY- CHANGES IN OWNERSHIP — PIATT STATIONS ALONG THIS ROAD — CHICAGO, CLEVE- LAND, CINCINNATI & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD MANS- FIELD ONLY' STATION IN PIATT COUNTY CHICAGO,

INDIANAPOLIS & WESTEBN^PIATT STATIONS ON

THIS LINE M'KINLET TRACTION SYSTEM — •

BLOOMINGTON, DECATUR & CHAMPAIGN RAILROAD — ■ AUTOMOBILES — ■ MANY VALUABLE MOTOBS OWNED IN COUNTY'.

TBANSPOETATION PROBLEMS. ^

The buffalo herds which undoubtedly once roamed over Piatt County and surrounding ter- ritory, made marked trails, traces of which are still to be seen, although the buffalo has long since been driven from this part of the country. The Indians, who probably were antedated by the buffalo, also made distinct trails, many of which were used by the white men when they invaded the hunting grounds of the red men. However other roads were needed by the settlers to connect their settlements, and as needed these were worn across the prairies, across streams, and through timberland.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

67.7

OLDEST MADE ROAD.

The oldest known made road was that from Sadorus Grove to the cabin of James Piatt, and from tlience to the tradLng house in the vicinity of Friend's Creelv. For many years remaining traces of this old road could be seen, but by now even these have been obliterated. These early roads left much to be desired, for they were usually built, when they emerged from the primitive state of a trail, by hitching oxen to a log and having them drag it along the trail. In order that there should be no mistake as to the presence of the road, a furrow was usually plowed along it. Whenever possible the streams were forded, but when they were too deep, fer- ries were established. The Sangamon River during the spring season was too high to cross save by means of a ferry, and one was main- tained by Nathan Henline and his brother, one mile west of llonticello.

FIRST STATE ROAD.

The first state road through Piatt County led from Dan\-llle, by way of Urbana, through what is now Monticello, and on to Springfield. The one extending diagonally across Blue Ridge Township, now called the State Road, was not so surveyed, but gained its name because of the people who located on it. This latter road was used before 1833, and once ran by Cheney's Grove. It is believed that Richard Webb was the first Piatt County man to settle on it.

The first local road constructed ran from Monticello to the head of Lake Fork, and along the ea.st side of that stream. It was .surveyed by John Tenbrooke, and the furrow was mad" by William Monroe with the oxen owned by Hiram Heath. A second road was surveyed by George Heath from Charleston to Bloomington, which followed much the same route, and a mail route was established and mail carriers rode over it on hor.seback.

Piatt County felt that a great advance had been made when the stage routes were estab- lished, about 1839, running from Urbana to Decatur. The last stage coach route of Piatt County ran between Monticello and Bement. after the first raih-oad was built, but the con- struction of the railroads practically did away with the business of the stage lines, and the routes were discontinued.

RAILROADS.

Piatt County had its first railroad construc- tion work done In 1855, on the main line of the Wabash Railroad through Bement and Cerro Goixlo townships, running east and west, the gangs working from each end and meeting in 1856 near what is now Cerro Gordo. Connec- tion of this road with the Chicago Division was effected in 1873. The original name of the road was the Chicago & Paducah. The stations along this road are as follows: Hammond, Bement, Monticello, Lodge, Galesville and Mans- field, on the Paducah branch, and Bement, Mil- mine and Cerro Gordo, on the main line.

ILLINOIS CENTRAL.

In December, 1870, what is now a branch of the Illinois Ctentral Railroad, but was then the Monticello Railroad, was completed between Champaign and Decatur, through Sangamon, Monticello and Willow Branch townships. Al- though chartered in 1861, no actual work was done until after the close of the Ci\il War, and it was not completed until 1870, after several changes in charters and management. It was later purchased by the Indiana, Bloomington & Western, and reorganized by new parties as the Champaign, Havana & Western. Sub.sequently it became the property of the Wabash Railroad, and finally of the Illinois Central. The stations along this line are as follows: On the Cham- paign & Decatur branch : White Heath, Monti- cello and Cisco. Ou the Champaign & Clinton branch : White Heath, Lodge and DeLand.

CHICAGO, CLEVELAND, CINCINNATI & ST. LOUIS.

The Big Four Railroad was built through Blue Ridge Township in 1867. Under its charter it was known as the Danville, Urbana, Bloom- ington & Pekin Railroad, but was later consoli- dated with the Indianapolis and Danville, to be known as the Indianapolis, Bloomington & West- ern, and subsequently became the Chicago, Cleve- land, Cincinnati & St. Louis. Mansfield is the only station in Piatt County.

CHICAGO, INDIANAPOLIS & WESTERN.

In 1847 a company was formed and a road was chartered known as the Indiana & Illinois Central Railroad, but many changes took place before work was completed in 1873, the road then being known as the Indiana, Decatur & Western, which is now the Chicago, Indianapolis

678

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

& Western. The stations along this line are as follows: La Place, Lintner, Burrowsville, Hammond, Pierson and Atwood.

The McKinley Traction System in Piatt County has one interurban road traversing its territory, the Bloomlngton, Decatur & Cham- paign Railroad. This road was completed through Piatt County in the fall of 1906 and passes through White Heath, Monticello, Bement, Milmine and Cerro Gordo. The road is a very great convenience to the people of the county.

AUTOMOBILES.

As a mode of transportation the automobile must be included in a chapter of this nature, for it has given the people, especially those in the rural regions, means of rapid transit, facilitating business and connecting beyond every other way, the country and the city. There are 930 auto- mobiles owned in Piatt County, whose valuation is assessed at $92,026.

CHAPTER XIV.

Cr.IBS AND FRATERNITIES.

WOMEN S CLUBS — INFLUENCE OF CLUBS ADVANCE- MENT OF WOMEN — MONTICELLO WOMAN'S CLUB ;

OBGANIZATION, WORK, OFFICERS BEMENT

woman's CLUB ; ORGANIZATION, WORK, OFFICERS — DE LAND WOMAN'S CLUB ; ORGANIZATION, WORK, OBTICERS FRATERNITIES.

WOMEN'S CLUBS.

A new element has come into civic affairs, the power of the clubs organized and conducted by women. Long before Illinois granted limited suffrage to its women they had through their clubs made their influence felt in matters, which although outside their homes, so very materially concerned these .selfsame homes and the ones dear to them. They iuvestigateil into the schools, and insisted uiiou a betterment of courses of study, teachers and general require- ments. They had introduced into the schools manual training and domestic science, both branches now being recognized as absolutely necessary to any first class school. They took into consideration the better lighting of the streets, the keeping of their communities sani-

tary and .safe, and sought to bring about a sane consideration of the liquor traffic. While thus displaying an intelligent interest in public matters, which no doubt largely influenced public opinion towards extending the franchise to women, they occupied themselves in broad- ening their minds by study, elevated their taste by a consideration of art and music, and in every way sought to gain a wider vision and to increase their value to their communities as individuals. From little social gatherings, these Woman's Clubs have grown into mighty organ- izations which wield a powerful influence, and have in many recent instances turned the tide of an election.

MONTICELLO WOMAN'S CLUB.

I'he Monticello Woman's Club was organized in 1893, although there had been a club in ex- istence in 1892, known as the Columbia Club, which had for its object the forwarding of the t'olumbian Exposition at Chicago. With the opening of the World Exix)sitioti, the work of the Columbian Ciul) was considei'ed completed, but those who had been active in it felt that the lessons taught by organized effort were too valiialile to be lost, and fifteen ladies met, after the original club was disbanded, and as a re- sult, (jn r'ebruary 22, 1893, the present Woman's Club was organized with the following officers: -Mrs. Jeanette Crea, president ; Mrs. Ella B. Xoecker. first vice president ; Mrs. ICate Piatt, second vice president; Mrs. Inez Bender, secre- tary ; Mrs. Ainia Peters, treasurer. The object of the club was "to form an organized center by means of which we can secure the best practical methotls for the i}romotion of the educational, industrial ,iiul social interests of woman." In 189.") the club was state federated, and district federated in 11MI2. The Monticello club was honored by having the District Federation Meet- ing held at Monticello on February 27 and 28, 1907, when the president of the local club. Miss Itachel Huston, was elected to the district presi- dency. The officers for 191(;-17 were as follows : .Mrs. Mary Plunk, jiresident ; Mrs. Amy Hefner. first vice iiresideut; Mrs. Elizabeth Cole, second vice president ; Miss Rachel Huston, recording secretar.'i- ; Mrs. Lucy Kaiser, corresponding secretary: Mrs. Kathryn Smith, treasurer; and Mr?. .\my .Tobnson, official correspondent. Tlie motto of the club is "From Possibility to Reality." It has adopted green and white as its club colors, while its club flower is the white

\-:*n^^^

BALING THE THRESHED STRAW

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

679

carniition. At present there are forty-seven members, and while the women have always been found ready and willing to do anything and everything to advance the welfare of their community, their efCorts in the main have been along literary lines. With other Woman's Clubs they have rendered effective service in selling Red Cross seals, and in the future as in the past, they may be counted upon to liear an efficient and intelligent part in the world's Iirogress.

BE.MENT W0M.\N'.S C'l.UIi.

The Bement Woman's Club was organized in 1S96, and federated in the same year. Its colors are pink and green, and its flov^fer is tlie carnation. The motto of this club is "An in- vestment in knowledge always pays the best interest." The club commenced with a charter membership of ten, and some idea of its growth may be gleaned from the fact that with the opening of the year 191G-17, it had a member- ship of fifty-seven. The officials during 191G-17 were as follows: Mrs. Sheila Pelton, president; Mrs. Alvira Hammond, first vice president ; Mrs. Lizzie Lamb, second vice president ; Mrs. Grace McPherson, secretary; and Mrs. Lillian Cloyd. During the twenty-one years the Bement Woman's Club has been in existence, its mem- bers have always taken an intelligent interest in local affairs, and oftentimes liave come for- ward in civic matters. The improvement of the members along literary lines has been marked, and some idea of the work accomplished by this club during the year .lust ended may be gained from the subjects taken up at the meetings. Beginning with September 4 when Current IS^'ents were discussed, the club handled Flag Day, Modern Scripture, What Woman's Clubs Are Doing, Woman Suffrage, Our State, Pana- ma, America, A Government for the People. Guest Day, Amusements, Thanksgiving, Music, Robert Louis Stevenson, Christmas, Armenia. Home Economics, Thimble Party, Music, Home, Benedicts' Night, Washington and Lincoln, Longfellow, Domestic Science, Bii-d Day, and several other topics.

DE LAND woman's CLUB.

The De Land Woman's Club was organized October 14, 1900, state federated in 1901, dis- trict federated in 1902, and national federated in 1914. Its colors are pink and white, its flower is the white carnation, and its motto is

"Every mind was made for growth, knowledge; and its nature is sinned against when it is doomed to ignorance.'' During 1910-17 the club adopted the Bay View Reading Course on music, household science and literature, but did not confine itself to mental culture only, for this club has from its organization been very active in civic improvement and moral uplift work. The beautiful Carnegie Library at De Land is the result of the energetic work of the women of the club. During 1910 the club observed Baby Week and out of this movement grew the elearup campaign which has resulted so advan- tageously for De Land and the township, and its purpose is to branch out still further along civic betterment work. For two years the club held lecture courses at De Land which were en- thusiastically patronized. For the past six years the club has entertained the senior class of the high school with reference to school work, and this feature has resulted in mentally stimu- lating the pupils in a very encouraging manner, -iniong other plans for the coming year, the club jiroposes to set on foot a movement for improving the public hall, locally known as the "Wigwam," so that it will be a credit to the village.

The first officials of the club were Mrs. Lucy Trenchard, president; Mrs. L. C. Cox, first vice president ; Mrs. L. W. Reid. second vice presi- dent ; Mrs. L. B. Hurst, secretary, and Mrs. C. E. England, treasurer. The club was orig- inally known as The Woman's Improvement dull. The present officials are as follows : Mrs. Margaret Hurst, pi'esident; Mrs. Lora Poter- Held, first vice president; Mrs. Mabel Walker, second vice president; Mrs. Harriet Bowsher, secretary; and Mrs. Addle Carter, treasurer. The club has a membership of fort.v.

KRATERNrriES.

The Masons and Odd Fellows are the oldest fraternal orders in Piatt County, and they are particularly strong at Monticello, Bement, Mansfield, and Atwood. While a history of these orders, and other secret societies which have organizations in the county, including the Rebekahs, Eastern Star, Modern Woodmen, Royal Xeighbors, and Knights of Pythias, would would be interesting, the limitations of this his- tory make it almost impossible for sufficient space to be given to the separate lodges. The Masons and Odd Fellows have erected buildings in several of the villages and cities of the

680

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

county that are a credit to the locality in which they are found. Perhaps of them all, the Odd Fellows are the stronge.st numerically, and the lodge at Monticello has the largest membershii) of any in the county. The aim of all fraterni- ties to encourage a higher standard of living, a recognition of obligations and a furtherance of brotherly love, is commendable and ought to be encouraged.

CHAPTER XV.

AGRICULTURE.

IMPORTANCE CI' .\GMCULTURE — STOCK RAISING —

CORN GROWING — OTHER GRAINS LAND VALUES

— FARM MACHINERY.

r

IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE.

Piatt County is essentially an agricultural sec- tion, and it Is by tilling the soil that its people have gained their wealth and prominence in large measure. It is therefore very fitting in a work of this nature to deal somewhat at length upon this very important subject in order that the principal industry of the people receive proper recognition. Within the last quarter of a century many improvements have been effected by reason of several movements. The introtluc- tion and use of improved machinery ; the employ- ment of scientific methods, and the utilization of government experimentation; the redemption of swamp and low lands through the drainage ditch and local drainage systems, and the awakening of the farmers themselves to the dignity and importance of their work, and the subsequent recognition of tliem by the world at large as powerful factors in the country's progress.

STOCK RAISING.

When Piatt County was in its infancy, stock was raised to some extent, but it was not until 1870 that blooded stock was introduced into the county — cattle by L. B. Winger and hogs by William D. Coffin. Since then the majority of the farmers have improved their quality, and many are breeding and raising only registered horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. That their grade

is unusually high, the exhibits at the county clearly indicate.

Some idea of the extent to which stock rais- ing is carried on in this county may lie gathered from the following :

During lOl.'i Piatt County raised l..j5y horses, valued at .$27?..000 ; 3,841 cattle, valued at .$2.50,- (X)0 ; 26.302 hogs, valued at .$.')0o.00O ; CSO sheep, valued at $.5,000, and jwultry to the amount of $5.5,669.

CORN GROWING.

Located as it is in the midst of the great corn belt of the Middle West. Piatt County has naturally paid great attention to the growing? of "King Corn," with remarkable results. Some of the banner crops raised within recent years on Piatt County farm land have reached ninety bushels an acre, while the average crop aver- ages fifty bushels.

A conservative estimate of the corn yield for 1015 is 5,738,409 bushels, valued at about $2,900,- 000.

OTHER GRAINS.

Wheat, barley, oats, rye and some alfalfa are grown to advantage in Piatt County. The total yield of other grain besides wheat for 1915 is figured as l)eing about 2,985,000 bushels, valued at $1,500,000. Tlie 1915 yield of wheat was fully 7S9.700 bushels, valued at $775,000.

LAND VALUES.

It is a far cry today, from the time when the best of Piatt County land could be obtained from the government for the land entry of .$1.25 per acre, and yet had this land been allowed to lie fallow-, without any energy being expended upon its cultivation, it is likely it would be worth but little more today than it was when the pioneers came to Illinois seeking a new home. It is tlirough the efforts of these inoneers and their descendants that today Piatt County land is quoted at from $200 to $250 per acre. The highest price paid for farm land in this county was $275 per acre. Other industries may fail ; city property may depreciate, but farm land is bound to rise in price, for the world must have foodstuffs, and each year sees land available for farming purposes, owing to the extension of cities. Fortunate indeed is the man who owns land in this favored section. The total valuation of Piatt County farm lands for 1915 is .$45,000,000.

HISTOKY OF PIATT COUNTY.

681

FARM MACHINEKY.

The introduction and use of improved farm macliinery and appliances bave pro\en a very important factor in the agricultural life of Piatt County, and the farmer who has not a modern equipment, no matter how hard he may work, cannot hope to compete with his neighbor who possesses one. The following figures may give some idea of the amount of money invested in the equipment of the farmers of the county. In 1910 the total amount invested in farm machin- ery in Piatt County amounted to .$1,2.j0.000. In 1915 it was $1,. 500,000; twenty -five farmers use automobiles in their work. There are twenty- five threshing outfits in the county, and 100 men are engaged in operating them.

CHAPTER XVI.

TELEPHONE LINES AND PUBLIC LIGHTING.

FIBST TELEPHONE LINE — THE TELEREMA — IN- VENTED, PATENTED AND MANUFACTURED IN PIATT

COUNTY LARGE DEMAND PRIOR TO INTRODUCTION

OP THE BELL TELEPHONE — FIRST PRIVATE TELE- PHONE LINE ORGANIZATION OF THE MUTUAL

TELEPHONE COMPANY — FIRST TOLL TELEPHONES

ORGANIZATION OP PIATT COUNTY TELEPHONE

COMPANY — EXCHANGES AT MONTICELLO, BEMENT

AND DBXAND FIRST EXCHANGE AT CEBRO GORDO

EXCHANGE AT LA PLACE — TELEPHONE LINE WITH EXCHANGES AT HAMMOND, BUEROWSVILLE AND LA PLACE BUILT IN 1900 ATWOOD MUTUAL TELE- PHONE C0MP.\:N1' — THE NATIONAL TELEPHONE COMPANY HAS EXCHANGES AT MANSFIELD, CLIN- TON, FARMER CITY, CISCO AND ARGENTA — EXCEL- LENT SERVICE GIVEN ALL OVER THE COUNTY"

ELECTRICAL WORKS — FIRST OFFICIALS — PRESENT EQUIPMENT — OTHER LIGHTING INTERESTS.

FIRST TELEPHONE LINE.

The first telephone line through Piatt County

was a toll line of the Central Union Telephone

Company, with exchanges at Corro Gordo,

Milmine, Bement, Monticello and Wliite Heatb.

< This toll line was finished aliout the year 1880.

About 1883 there was an acoustic telephone in use in Piatt County, known as the Telerema. Judge Harvey E. Huston was the inventor

patentee and manufacturer of this instrument, and it was in use from about 1883 to 1888. At one time Mr. Huston had several men in his emiJloy promoting the sale of the Telerema, and orders were received by him from almost every state in the Union. Upon the introduction of the Bell teleiihone the use of the Telerema was discontinued.

About 1892 W. F. Lodge installed private telephone lines from the residence of his father, William E. Lodge, in Monticello, to Mr. Lodge's law otHce, the tile factory and the electric light plant. In 1893 additional telephones were put in, connecting various business houses in Mon- ticello with this private exchange, and in 1894 the Mutual Telephone Company was organized and incorporated in April, 1895. There were sbarebolders to the number of forty, and they owned all the telephones and furnished none to people outside the company. About 1897 W. F. Lodge began putting in telephones for toll, and in 1899 the company was organized under the name of the Piatt County Telephone Company, and in 1900 this company absorbed the old Mu- tual Telephone Company. This company has exchanges at Monticello, Bement and DeLand, and has connection with the Central Union and American Telephone and Telegrapli Companies. There are 1,.500 telephones connected with the Piatt County Telephone Company's exchanges.

In 1897 and 1898 W. F. Lodge put in a tele- phone exchange in the village of Cerro Gordo, and sold out to the Cerro Gordo Mutual Tele- phone Company in 1901. The latter company is now operating this telephone with an exchange at La Place. E. F. VanCuren of Hammond built a telephone line with exchanges at Hammond, Burrowsville and La Place about the year 1900. The Atwood Mutual Telephone Company was organized about 1903. The National Telephone Company has exchanges at Mansfield, Clinton and Farmer City. In 1904 an exchange was put in at Cisco, connecting with the exchange at Argenta. An excellent telephone service is given to the farmers and residents of towns throughout the entire county.

ELECTRIC WORKS.

In 1891 The Monticello Light and Power Com- pany was organized, with a fifty-year franchise from the city of Monticello. A brick power house was built west of the Illinois Central depot, and the plant was in operation in 1892. Tliis company was organized by C. A. Tatman,

682

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

W. F. and J. P. Lodiie. The fii'st ottifials of the L-oiupany were: Jas. P. I^oUse. president, and C. A. Tatman, secretary.

In 1013 the plant was sold to the i-oniiian.v of which W. H. iXcICinley is the president, and It has since been conducted by the McKinley ( 'oni])auy. The present e(piipnient for liithtin^ the city of -Monticello and the residences of the city is \ery complete, and very excellent service is siven.

Other lighting interests in Piatt l'»iiiiity are as follows: Bement. C'erro (joixlo, Atwood. De Land and Mansfield each h'ave electric light plants, under jirivate ownership.

CHAPTER XVII.

COUNTY FAIRS.

FIRST AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY ORGANIZED AC- COMPLISHED LITTLE DURING THE FIRST FIVE YEARS — REPRESENTATIVE MEN ACCEPT OFFICIAL

POSITION IN 1S61 THROUGH CONCERTED EFFORT

FAIR GROUNDS 'were PREPARED — CHARACTER OF THE EARLY F.4IRS — THE CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION

AWAKENS INTEREST CHANGE OF NAME IN ]903

LISTS OF OFFICIALS — EQUIPMENT AND VALUA- TION— RECENT FEATURES AND EXHIBITS — IM- PORTANCE OF COUNTY FAIRS.

^ FIRST AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'.

In 1856 The Piatt County Agricultural So- ciety was organized, but apparently little or nothing was accomplished by this organization during the first years of its existence, as there is no record obtainable regarding its action. In ISGl, however, an election was held in the courthouse at Monticello and the following were elected to serve as its ofBc-ers : .Jacob Smith, president; J. C. Johnson, II. S. Coonrod and Ezra Marquiss, vice presidents ; A. T. Pipher, secretary; Ellas Hall, treasurer; and John M. Barnes and Dr. Kelly, directors. These officials, acting in behalf of the society, the first year of their incumbency of office, bought fifteen acres of land north of Monticello on which there were no buildings. The property was fenced with rails. As it was evident much work was neces- sary to turn this unimproved tract into model fair grounds, a committee was appointed, com-

poseil of Jesse Warner, C. P. Davis and Dr. Farra to take charge of the improvements. In order to obtain the necessary funds the land was mortgaged to J. C. Johnson, and a fence was put up, and two temporary buildings erected. The work of preparing the grounds was done gratis by members of the .society, for the money was not sufficient to cover all ex- Ijenses.

The fir.st fairs held in these grounds bore little resemblance to those of toda.v. The idea of using them to advance the cause of agricul- ture had not then been developed. Rather were these fairs regarded as huge picnic-s, where old friends could meet, and new associations be formed. They were c-onsidered then as simply social gatherings and not seriously regarded as liractical helps in the business of farming. Their scoi» and influence had to be developed. Until 1876 Piatt County fairs were conducted without horse racing, but in that year the bo:ird of officials changed, and as a business pi-oposition it was decided to make a race track. This was done as cheaply as possible, the survey being made by the surveyor of Jlontieello without charge, and J. W. Warren and C. P. Davis car- ried the chain, al.so without pay, the track lieing a mile in length. With this innovation an added interest was given to the annual gath- ering, and the fair of 1870 was ,i decided suc- cess.

THE CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION RE-AWAKENS INTEREST.

Following 187G the officials of the .society realized the necessity for providing added at- tractions to induce the people to come to the fairs, for they were beginning to tire of the exc-ess of social features, and long for some- thing more exciting. This was only natural, for 1870 had given the country its first great exposition in the Centennial, and each com- munity had sent to the gathering at Philadelphia its representatives who brought back enticing accounts of what they had seen. Naturally ever.v society organized for the purpose of giv- ing annual gatherings .sought to enuilate. in some degree, the example set by the promoters of that great exiwsition. Piatt County fair pro- moters were not to be left behind In this ver.v natural forward movement and sought for novel fe:itures to supply the needed stimulus to excite more interest in their events. At one time bal- loon ascensions were very popular and the Piatt

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

683

County fair had its exi)erieiice witli this form of amiisemient, and other amusements and spe- cialties were provided, but experience taught that the best drawing feature for tlie quiet, in- telligent people here was the presence of some noted man who would address the people in the open air upon some current topic. A number of the distinguished men of the country have thus spoken in the Piatt County fair grounds, and been given respectful and interested attention by those who thronged to listen.

CHANGE IN NAME AND OFFICIALS.

In 1903 the name of the society was changed to The Piatt County Board of Agriculture, a more dignified caption, and the following were elected as officials: C. E. Moffltt, president; J. D. Mackey, vice president ; C. H. Ridgely, secre- tary ; O. W. Moore, treasurer : and W. W. Royer, J. A. Mathews. M, F. McMillen, .T. L. Rodman, B. R. White and Samuel Howe, directors. The present officials are : Wm. Dighton, president ; John Heath, vice president ; II. P. Harris, secre- tary ; Dr. C. M. Bunistead. treasurer.

EQUIPMENT ANn VALUATION.

The present equipment of the fair grounds is as follows : Amphitheater, 30x210 feet, with seat- ing capacity of about 3,000 ; four liorsebams ; pens for sheep and hogs ; new floral hall ; secre- taries" office : water works, with water piped all over the grounds ; iioultry house, and horticul- tural building. The total valuation of the grounds and buildings is ,f2.'i.000.

has not been forgotten, but there is now a deeper and more urgent cause for their support and encouragement. No one man can live entirely to himself. No matter how intelligent or capable he may be he needs to have the assist- ance of others in order to expand. He must give forth his own ideas, and absorb others, or he will retrograde. While many are able to visit larger expositions, some cannot, and then too the local pride is absent at the international exhibits, that is to be found in every county gathering. The farmer visiting such a fair can not only see what his neighlx)rs have accom- plished but view the latest machineii' and ap- pliances ; learn of new methods, and usually listen to the views of some expert on agriculture. If his own exhibits take a prize or receive honorable mention, he is encouraged, and if not, he goes back filled with the determination to so improve his methods as to gain such distinction in the near future. Perhaps no one factor has played so important a part in the development of the agricultural interests of the county as these county fairs, and their expansion shows that their promoters are aware of this fact and are striving to give the people who attend some- thing better each succeeding year.

CHAPTER XVIII.

P.EMENT TOWNSHIP.

FEATURES AND EXHIBITS.

Within recent years some of the features of the fairs have been the horse and cattle shows. In 1016 the saddle and driving horse show at night was an especially enjoyable feature. Some of the best horses in the country were shown. The track in front of the amphitheater was bril- liantly lighted by electricity and large crowds were in attendance. The exhibits of live stock, including sheep, hogs, horses and cattle, and the poultry exhibits were esiiecially good. Other exhibits of interest were of farm machinery, automobiles and agricultural products.

i IMPORTANCE OF COUNTY FAIRS.

It would be almost impossible to overestimate the influence and importance of these annual fairs. The old idea of social intercourse be- tween the agriculturalists of various sections

BOUNDARIES — NATURAL DRAINAGE — EARLY SET- TLERS VILLAGE OF BEMENT ORIGIN FOUNDERS

BEMENT PO.ST OFFICE — BEMENT POSTMASTERS

PIONEER INCIDENTS — PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS — ■ CHURCHES — CIVIC HISTORY — IVESDALE — OFFI- CIALS— HIGHWAY COMMISSIONER — JUSTICE OP THE PEACE — CONSTABLE — SUPERVISORS.

BOUNDARIES.

Bement Township is liounded on the north by iMonticello Township, on the east by Champaign County, on the south by Unity Township, and on the west by Cerro Gordo and Willow Branch townships. It contains forty-eight sections of land, and is divided liy a ridge that runs across the northwestern corner so that it is conqiosed of jjoth high and low land. This fact of a portion of the township being .so low, and there- fore subjected to inundations at certain portions

684

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

of the year, caused settlement in the south of the township to be dehxyed for some years. Of course that land is now accounted as being some of the most valuable in Piatt County, since it has been properly drained, and the erstwhile swamps converted into rich bearing farm lands. The Sangamon drains the extreme northwestern part of the township, but the remainder is drained by the Lake Fork of the Okaw.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

It has been decided that William Bailey was the first settler of Beuient Township, not com- ing here, however, until 1853 or 1854. Another who arrived soon thereafter was John Hughes. Joseph Moore. Smith Quick. Joseiih Rodman. J. H. and J. M. Camp and Thompson and Marion Pettit were other early settlers. Some who came a little later were as follows : Charles Smith. Mr. Pitkins. Mr. Nye, S. B. Wing, the Alvoids, A. J. Force, the Hawks, and W. C. Trabue. After the building of the Wabash Railroad through Bement Township, other set- tlers came in rajjidly. and progress was rapid.

VILLAGE OF BE.MENT.

S>r,M,

VThe village of Bement is located seven miles south of the county seat, and has a population of l,r(30. being a very i)rosperous community, with some very substantial residents.

In lS.o4 Joseph Bodman bought 0,000 acres of land in Piatt County, and through his in- fluence and generosity, Bement came into being, his efforts being seconded by L. B. Wing and Henry P. Little, who also contributed land for the purpose, and the town of Bement was laid out in 1854. That .same year Mr. Wing dis- posed of thirty-three acres of land in section in. to Hunt & Carter who were agents for the Great Western Railroad, for the sum of one dollar, thus furthering the advancement of the town, as the railroad buildings were erected upon this land, as well as some of the business houses. Associated in the work of laying out the town with the three gentlemen mentioned above were Joseph Mallory, Sullivan Burgess and James Bryden, and later an addition was made to the town by these men. The record of the town plat bears the date of January. 185.5, and was entered by Josiah Hunt.

Joseph Bodman, J. H. and J. M. Camp, Wil- liam Ellis and Thompson and Marion Pettit became the original settlers of Bement. In order to have a lodging place for the men work-

ing upon the first residence of the new town, Joseph Alvord moved a log house that was stand- ing on Dr. Rodman's farm, to the site, and there housed the workmen. It was he who hauled the first lumber for this first house. As it is of importance as being the first building to be erected in Bement, its location is of in- terest. It stood just west of the present Chris- tian Church, and was owned by Joseph Bodman, but was occupieil by Joseph Nye and his wife when completed, and in it they kept a boarding house. After they left it. a Mr. Cripi>en took up the business of providing food and shelter for these engaged in putting up other buildings in the town. Tlie second house was also owned by Jlr. Bodman, and he also had built a small iitfice building, which had the distinction of being the first business house of Bement, and was used for various purposes Including that of ilepot until 1850.

The third house was occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Force, who came from Montieello to Be- ment in the spring of 1850. The Yosts also arrived that same spring, but later moved to a farm In Bement Township. F. E. Bryant l)ecame a resident of Bement in 1S.50, and he opened the first store, and established a grain business. It is thought that a dance held in his warehouse was probably the first public enter- tainment of Bement.

I'ntil Bement was made a post office the mall was brought to Jlonticello. and there dis- tributed, but this state of affairs was not sat- isfact<>r.\-. and the government appointed Joseph Bodman the first jjostmaster of Bement, and he held that nfflce for some years. The following article on the Bement post office is so interesting that it is Quoted in full. It is taken from the Decatur Review under date of November 1, 1910:

HEMENT POST OFFICE.

-V

•Tbo post office at Bement, 111., was estab- lished January 23, 18.50, with Jo.seph Bodman as postmaster. His successor was F. E. Bryant, who was appointed July 7, 1857. Mr. Bryant's successor was J. O. Sparks, who was appointed October 18, 18.58 and was succeeded by George L. Spear, who was appointctl April '^O. 1801. under the administration of President Lincoln.

"On October 0, 1805. Sereno K. Bodman. a nephew of the first postmaster, Joseph Bodman. was appointed to succeed Judge Sjiear and held the office until his successor, Chester School-

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

685

"Three vuval routes are served from the office, which is modestly claimed to be one ot the best of its grade iu the nineteenth congressional district. Since the present postmaster, Judge W. G. Cloyd, has been in charge of the office, the business has greatly increa.sed. He is mak- ing a record for efficiency and progressiveness and his many accommodating acts for the patrons have made him one of the most popular

craft, wliose appointment was made October 12, 1866, took charge of the office.

"Mr. Schoolcraft was succeeded by Sereno K. Bodmau, who was the first 'come-back' occupant of the office, being reajipointed March 31, 1S69, under the ii<lministration of President Grant.

"On July 1, ISS^l, the office was advanced to a third class or presidential office, and on July 4, 1884, Frank A. Jones was appointed to the office, , men that has ever held the office.' Mr. Bodman retiring after a continuous service of more than fifteen years.

"Mr. Jones was succeeded by John McXamee, who was appointed by President Grover Cleve- land. March 22, 1887. He 'came back' and succeeded Mr. McNamee under appointment by President Harrison, July 1, 1891.

"William B. Fleming was the successor of Mr. Jones under appointment made by President Cleveland, .Januar,v 23, 1896. Fleming was suc- ceeded by Horace Haldeman, prominent in business and political activities of the' commu- nity, who was appointed June 29, 1900, and was succeeded by George M. Thompson, who was named January 11, 1905, and was succeeded by W. G. Cloyd, the present incumbent, ap- pointed by President Wilson, August 1, 1913.

"In all twelve postmasters have served the office since its establishment, and of the ex- postmasters, McXamee, Jones, Fleming and Thompson are living. E. E. Spear, a son of Judge George L. Spear, former postmaster, is a rural carrier from the office to which his father was appointed in 1801.

"Frank A. Jones, flie first iiresidential ap- pointee, now a resident of Tallapoosa, Ga., and a rural carrier from the post office in that city, was a veteran of the Civil war, and was literally shot to pieces on the firing line. He was informed by a hospital surgeon at one time that he had but a few hours to live, but Jones sa.vs that lie absolutely refused to die, marched •up the avenue' in AVashington at the close of the war in 1865, and fifty years afterward marched \^•ith the veterans over the same route during the national encampment of the G. A. R. in Washington, D. C. in 1915.

"The somewhat limited equipment installed by , Postmaster Jones on taking charge of the office in 1884 descended (for a consideration) from postmaster to postmaster, until it was displaced b.v a new and modern equipment in an office leased by the department for ten years from December 15, 1915.

PIONEEB INCIDENTS.

It is interesting to note that the jiioneers were healthy, for Bement was two years old before death visited the little community, the victim being a child of Mr. James who died in 1850, and was buried near the Haldeman mill.

In 18.56 Bement celebrated its first marriage, the occasion being the union of Thomas W. Bane and Martha W. Hadshall, the ceremony taking place in the home of Aaron Yost.

In reviewing the history of that early day, perhaps no better account can be obtained than that to be found iu the entertaining record com- piled by Jliss Piatt, which runs as follows :

"Mrs. Yost says that the first she knew of the public .square, Mr. Alvord took her father and mother, Mr. and Mrs. Stanton, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Booth, Mr. and Mrs. Force, and Mr. and Mrs. Yost, saying, 'Now ladies and gentlemen, I will take you a drive around the public square,' and they, with laughter and jokes, went around the present public square, which then was but staked out. T. P. Pettit tliinks that the first sermon in the town wa-s preached by Mr. Samuel Harshbarger, in the depot, and that Mr. Huston was the first sta- tionary minister. The first hotel of the place, the Sherman House, was built in 1857, and until the erection of the elegant Masonic build- ing, stood on the main business street of the town. It now stands to the rear of the Masonic ■ building. John Townsend built it and kept the hotel for a time, until bis death, when his widow undertook the supervision of the same. In the spring of 185S James McDowell came to Bement and with Mr. Thomas Postlethwaite erected the hotel known as the Pennsylvania House. This building is still standing, and, under the name of the Bement House, is kept by its worthy proprietor, air. Royal Thomas. Mr. C. F. Tenney moved to Bement in 1859, and sa.vs that at that time Mr. Bryant's was the only dry goods store in the place. There were

686

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

uo sidewalks, tUe streets were not graded, and there was not a tree in the town. Tliere were just enougli ladies in the town who danced to form one set. SchtMjl and sometimes church was held in a house built b.v Mr. Harper. Mil- mine & Bodman had the first bank of the town ; Freese & Co. the second ; Fisher & Gregory the third ; and Bryant & Bodman the fourth. The tirst three of these were in a building in which the 'Bement Gazette' office is now located, but the building then stood on the [ireseut site of D. S. Cole's shoe store."

PTIBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.

Bement has put in over $17,000 worth of paving, and it has a fine water works system installed in 1S9(>, which gives the city an un- limited supply of pure water. Other improve- ments are proposed for the near future, for its people are progressive and anxious to keep the community vp to a high standard.

CHURCHES.

The Methodists have a fine representation at Bement, their organization dating back to ISoS when the society was founded by Rev. Edward Kutledge, who was the first pastor. The first meetings were held in .i schoolhouse and then in Bryant's Hall, until a church edifice was built.

AA'hile the Kpis( opalians had a church organ- ization at Bement, known as the Chux'ch of the Atonement, it was abandoned twenty years ago.

The Christian Church was established in Jan- uary, 1SG2, at the residence of William Monroe, but it did not have a church edifice until later.

The Presbyterian Church of Bement was established August 20, 18GS, with Rev. Thomas M. Chestnut as the first pastor, and a charter mcmbershii: of eight members. In 1870 a church edifice was erected at a cost of $6,000, and a parsonage in 1S74 at a cost of $3,500. In 191-1 the old parsonage was replaced by one which cost $4,'i00. There are af present 350 members, but of the charter members only Mrs. William Camp remains. William Camp has been one of the church trustees from the organ- ization of the church to the present date. Itev. M. C. Shirey is the pastor.

St. Michael's Catholic Church of Bement. The first Catholic settlers came to Piatt County in 1S50, but for some years there was no definite church organization and their spiritual needs were ministered to by Father Toner, of Cham-

^

paigu County, 111. In 1891 the parish of St. Michael was established with Rev. F. G. Lentz as the first resident priest. Rev. E. Hawley succeeded Father Lentz and remained in charge until 1904, when Rev. Louis Selva assumed charge and immediately began a movement to secure the erection of a church at Bement, In 1015 the present beautiful church edifice at Bement was completed, it having been erected at a cost of $19,000, aU of which has been paid. Father Selva also has charge of St. Philomina Church at Monticello, which was erected in 1906.

CIVIC HISTORY.

Bement was incorporated in 1S61 with Jos-eph Bodman as the first president. Among those who have served Bemeut as presidents have been the following: F. E. Bryant, I. I. Pettitt, W. S. Ryder, D. C. Miles, W. W. Camp. G. H. Barnes, X. .T. Day and Thomas Dunn, the pres- ent mayor being J. F. Sprague. The present village clerk is R. A. Richard, and W. W. Body, Uichard Fleming, M. C. Camp, Carl Thompson and Charles (Jrant are the trustees.

IVESD.ALE.

When the (ireat Western Railroad was built, one of its way stations was named Noriu in honor of one of the owners of the road, but tills name was later changed to Ivesdale after a Mr. Ives who owned considerable property in the ^■icinity. This village was laid out in 1867, on land owned by Messrs. King, Harbiu.son and Chapin. and several years later an addition was made by S. K. Donovan. A peculiar fea- ture of this village lies in the fact that Its busi- ness portion is across the county line in Champaign Count.v. The I'iatt [wrtioii was in- cor|)orated in 1870 or 1871. and the school dis- trict covers both portions. The first school was held in a log house in 1863, and taught by Miss L. White. A i)ost office was established in 1864, with W. II. .Johnson as the first postmaster.

OFFICIALS.

Otis Wiggins is the commmissioner of high- ways for Bement Township ; .Tames Landis is a justice of the peace, and .1. W. (A)les is a constable.

SVrERVISORS.

Since 1872 the following have served Bement Township as members of the county board:

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

687

William Morton, J. C. Evaus. C. F. Teuney, John Kirby, G. A. Stadler, Joseph Bodniau, C. F. Tenney, Ferdinand Knapp, McX'amee, Rhoades, William D. Coffin, W. W. Hammond, Charles Adkins, L. H. Alvord, Roy Smith, E. Walters, B. L. Baker, and William Hughes.

CHAPTER XIX.

BLUE RIDGE TOWNSHIP.

BOUND-4RIES — NATURAL DKAINAGE — RAILROADS — EARLY SETTLERS — FIRST ELECTION — STRINGTOWN MANSFIELU — GENERAL MANSFIELD — INCOR- PORATION OF CITY — CHURCHES — BLUE RIDGE

OFFICIALS — HIGHWAY COMMISSIONER — JUSTICE OF THE PEACE — CONSTABLE — SUPERVISORS.

BOUNDARIES.

Blue Ridge Township was probably so named because of the ridge, e.xteuding across the north and northeastern part of the township, which looks blue in the distance. This township is bounded on the north by McLean County, on the east by Champaign County, on the south by Sangamon and Goose Creek townships, and on the west by DeWitt County. The land is drained by Madden's Run in the eastern part ; by Goose Creek on the south, and Si'ilt Creek in the nortliwestern part. In early days there was not as much timber in this portion as in some of the other townships, but the laud has always been very rich and consequently val- uable.

RAILROADS.

Two railroads run through Blue Ridge Town- ship, the Waba.sh and the Big Four, and they Hitersect at Mansfield.

EARLY' SETTLERS.

Owing perhaps to the .scarcity of timber,' this township was not settled as early as Monticello, but among the early settlers were William Pierce, Richard Webb, Jacob Denning, Joseph .\ikens, \oah Coffman, Squire Gillespie, LaFay- ette Cox, James Watson, Mr. Keenan, and the Thomas brothers. It is generally admitted that the house erected by William Pierce near (Gardner's Switch was the first to be built in this township, and it was near this settlement

that the first death occurred, in I.S.'iO, when Dulsina Webb passed awa.^-. The first recorded birth in the township is that of Mary Webb. The first election was held at the Stringtown sehoolhouse, and as there were no accommoda- tions for the horses, the voters coming to exer- cise their right of franchise used to carry with them stakes which they would drive into the ground to which to fasten their steeds, aud this practice continued as late as 18.58. This same sehoolhouse housed the congregation that listened to the first sermon preached in Blue Ridge Township, by Minor Chew. After the township was organized in 18G0, elections took place for a short period at the Littleton place until other arrangements could be made.

MANSFIELD.

The city of Mansfield was named in honor of Gen. J. L. Mansfield, who located on the farm in 1870, which he laid out in a village that was destined to hear his name. Xot only did he found the town, but he was exceedingly gen- erous in making douations to it of land, money and tiihe, and had he been louger spared, the growth during its early days would have been more rapid. Others later arose to carry on his work, and Mansfield today has a population of about 700, and is in a flourishing condition. It was incorporated in 1S73. In lOKi a city hall was erected that is a credit to Mansfiield. The present president of the village board is A. R. Vaughn.

After the little settlement was organized, record was kept of the various events, and ac- cording to it, the first person born in the new village was Jo.sephine Ruch, a daughter of Uriah Ruch. The first permanent physician was J. T. Tremble, who was not long afterward followed by Dr. Scott. General Mansfield not only pro- moted the material welfare of the place, but encouraged its spiritual welfare, and the first Sunday school was held in his dining room October IG, 1870, and that same year through his influence an Episcopalian minister held serv- ice at Mansfield. This was the beginning of the Episcopal Church.

CHURCHES.

The Alethodists organized a church at Mans- field with Horatio S. Beavls as the first pastor. The Presbyterians bought in 1880 the church edifice which the United Brethren congregation had begun in 1870. The Baptists have a church

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

building but no resident pastor. The German Baptists, the Church of the Brethren and the Church of the Xazarene are all represented at Man.sfield.

BLUE RIDGE.

Blue Ridge is a shipping point for grain on the Wabash Railroad, and Harris is another one on the Cincinnati, Indianapolis and Western Railroad.

J. O. Batenian is the commissioner of high- ways for Blue Ridge Township; O. O. Gillespie Is a justice of the peace, and Frank Hilligoss is the constable.

SUPEEVISOBS.

Since 1S72 the following have served on the county board from Blue Ridge Township : Jacob Vanmeter, C. J. Gillespie, J. A. Langby, Oscar Mansfield, J. R. Brelghton, W. H. Klrke, A. R. Ross, J. H. Morris, and L. J. Cope, the present incumbent.

CHAPTER XX.

OERRO GORDO TOWNSHIP.

BOUNDARIES — NATURAL DRAINAGE ORIGIN OF

NAME — RAILROADS — EARLY SETTLEMENTS — VIL- LAGE OF CERRO GORDO — VILLAGE OFFICIALS —

PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS — CHURCHES BUSINESS

INTERESTS LA PLACE — -CHURCHES MILMINE

L I T N E B BUBROWSVILLE — OFFICIALS — SUPER- VISORS.

BOUNDARIES.

Cerro Gordo Township lies in the extreme southwestern part of Piatt County, and is bounded on the north by Willow Branch Town- ship, on the east by Bement and Unity town- ships, on the south by Moultrie County, and on the west by Macon County. It is seven miles wide, and eight and one-half miles in length, and contains fifty-nine and one-half sections. Almost all of the township was prairie land, there being but little timber, and with the exception of a slight rise in the extreme southwestern, and northwestern, the township is very flat. A small branch of the Okaw pro-

vides the greater part of the natural drainage, and the land is among the best in the township for agricultural purposes.

ORIGIN OF NAME.

Considerable dispute has arisen concerning the origin of the name, and several stories are credited. One is to the effect that Colonel Williams, one of the heavy landowners in the eastern part of the township during pioneer days, bore the sobriquet of Cerro Gordo on ac- count of his valor during the Mexican War. The other one is that during the Mexican War, the name of Cerro Gordo was given to the post office then located in the house of George Peck. With the building of the Wabash Railroad, a settlement grew up around this post office, and the town was named Cerro Gordo, and from it came the name of the township. At any rate it is evident that the name was in some way connected with the battle of Cerro Gordo fought during the Mexican War.

RAILROADS.

There are two railroads passing through the township, namely : Cincinnati, Indianapolis and Western, and the Wabash Railroad, so that the transportation facilities are excellent and heavy shipments of stock and grain are carried to the Chicago and St. Louis markets.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

Prior to the sudden freeze in 1S36, a family by the name of Cunningham located in what is now Cerro Gordo Township, in a grove that stood in the vicinity of La Place. Joseph, Isaac and Daniel Howell and Jdhn Sea were the first settlers of the village of Cerro Gordo, and an- other early settler was William Lee who was the first to die in the township. Others who came into the township after the building of the railroads were : A. L. Rodgers, Isaac McKinney, John Fields, William Long, William Cole. John Smith, Amos Peck, Doctor Prosser (first doc- tor), William Wells (first shoemaker) and Weed Woofls. In the summer of 1S57 a child of Theo- dore Donman died as a result of a rattlesnake bite and this was the first tragic death in the township. John Field and Samantha Long were the first couple married in the township.

VILLAGE OF CERRO GORDO.

Tt was some time after Cerro Goixlo was uade a station for the Wabash Railroad, that

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

689

It was organized as a village, It having been at first called Griswold, but this name was changed to correspond to that of the post office. Cerro Gordo was incorporated as a village May 22, 1855, with W. L. Pitts as the first president of the board. Among those who have later served in the same capacity may be mentioned : J. W. Vent. A. C. Doyle, E. K. Edwards, James Hays, and Philip Dodson. The board for 1916-17 was as follows: S. I-. Landis, president; and William Longanecker. A. L. Peck, J. H. Grove, C. E. Young, Noah Derr, and Isaac Erkenherry, trustees; and H. C. Phillips, clerk.

The first station agent of the place was a Mr. McMurray, and Andrew McKinney was the first postmaster. These with A. L. Rodgers who in 1850 established the first store, wore the pion- eers of the place. Others numbered among the first residents were Doctor Prosser. John Fields, John Garver, Isaac McKinney and a Mr. Pitts. It now has a population of about 900.

PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.

Cerro Gordo has an excellent system of water works which was Installed at a cost of .$20,000, and provides the village with pure water in un- limited quantity. TTpward of 22,000 feet of water mains have been laid, and it would be difficult to find better water in any place of its size, or even in those much larger. Further improvements are in contemplation, and will be inaugurated in the near future.

CHURCHES.

Cerro Gordo has not been backward in pro- viding for the religious welfare of its people from the early days when church services were held in private residences, schoolhouses or any other available audience room. The Christian, Brethren and Methodists all have separate houses of worship, and the congregations are in very fiourishing conditions. The First Brethren Cburch and the Pi-esbyteriau Church own in partnership a church edifice, and alternate in holding services in it. Suitable societies are maintained by all of the denominations, and special attention is paid to the Sunday school work.

BUSINESS INTERESTS.

ITie State Bank of Cerro Gordo and the Citi- zens Bank of Cerro Gordo are the two banking institutions which handle the banking business of this community and the territory adjacent

to it. Some of the most reliable business men of Piatt County are located here, and their stoclvs are complete and varied. The Saekriter Hotel affords accouunodations to the traveling jiublic. The professional men are recognized as being in the front rank of their calling, and the people of the county are proud of the prog- ress aud standing of this prosperous and flour- ishing village.

LA PLACE.

In 1873 eighty acres of laud were laid off into a town and named after G. W. Stoner, but was also called Gatewood. This is one of the most attractive of the villages of Piatt County, and a little stream, a branch of the Okaw, called Bonnie Brook runs through the place. A hotel erected in 1874 was the first building there, but others followed in quick succession. Jacob Reedy, the first postmaster, and Dr. Pierson joined with Mr. Stoner in advancing La Place, and it now has a population of some- thing less than .300 people. There are two ele- vators at this point, and large shipping interests center here, for it is an important station with reference to traffic, on the Cincinnati, Indian- apolis and Western RaUroad.

CHURCHES.

In the fall of 1874 the Methodists organized a society, and three years later built a church edifice. This church is still maintained, and supplies the people of La Place with religious instruction.

Enos Farnsworth laid out a town to which he gave his own name and for a time it was called Farnsworth, but when the founder sold his holdings to George Milmlne and David Kuns, the name was changed to the present one of Milmlne. This village has a population of about 200, and O. N. East and Ilanuuan Bros, have elevators.

Two church organizations are located here, the Christian and the Church of God. About three miles south of Milmine there is a church known as Prairie Chapel.

LITNER.

Litner. which was named for AVilliam Litner of Decatur, 111., is a station on the Cincinnati, Indianapolis and AVestern Railroad. There is a Union Chucch at this ]ioint where services are

690

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

held by various ministers wliose services can be obtained from time to time.

BUKROVVSVILLE.

Burrowsvilk" is another station on the Cin- cinmxti, Indianapolis and Western Kailroad. lo- cated about two miles east of Litner.

OFFICIALS.

Cerro Gordo Township has the following ofK- cials : Jes.se Roberts, commissioner of highways ; James M. Goodwin, justice of the iieace ; and D. M. Lacy, constable.

SUPERVISORS.

Since 1872 the following have served Cerro Gordo Township as members of the county board : Supervisors, Philip Dodson, Bowman, Pitts, Clifton, Green, Benjamin Middleton, Sutherland, A. M. Cole, Charles S. McIIay, Syl- vester Craw, B. F. Huff, William Ijonganecker, Sylvester Craw, P. M. East, and Jacob B. Miller who is the present incumbent.

CHAPTER XXI.

GOOSE CREEK TOWXSIIIP.

BOUNDARIES — ORIGIN OF NAME RAILROADS DE

LAND CHUBCHES — CHRISTIAN — METHODIST

EPISCOPAL — CARNEGIE LIBRAEY TWO-MILL TAX

— VILLAGE BOARD OFFICIALS OF TOWNSHIP —

HIGHWAY COMMISSIONER JUSTICE OF THE

P E A C E — CONSTABLE — POUNDMASTEB SUPER- VISORS.

BOUNDARIES.

Goose Creek Township lies south of Blue Ridge Township, west of Sangamon Township, north of Willow Branch Township, and east of DeWitt County, with the DeWitt County line forming a small jwrtion of the northern boun- dary as well. It contains fifty-six sections, and the soil is admirabl.v adaptetl for farming pur- poses. During pioneer days, the settlers found considerable timber in this township, but the greater part of it has been cleared away. The natural drainage is e.xcellent, being iirovided by Goose and Friend's creeks, both of which are branches of the Sangamon River.

ORIGIN OF NA.ME.

The name of Goose Creek, according to pop- ular accei)tance, came from the fact that two geese had their nests iu the tops of the trees along the creek that bears the name later given to the township. These geese were permanent settlers along this creek for a number of years, and their permanency called iitteution to them.

EARLY SETTLERS.

The Illinois Central Railroad runs through Goose Creek Township, but long before it was built the Olneys settled here, as did the Mar- quiss brothers, William Piatt, the Welches, Richard Ilubbart. the Boudurants and otBers.

1)E LAND.

De Land was laid out by Thomas Bondurant, and was organized as a village in 1872. The present jiresident of the board is J. B. Boten- fleld : Harry Bickel is clerk, and the other members of the village board are G. S. Walker, J. B. Rinehart and James D. Miller.

De Land is correctly called "The Greatest Little Town on Earth." Although its iwpula- tion is not much over .''jOO, support is given to two banks and a number of flourishing business houses. There is a handsome Carnegie Library, two fine church edifices, and the village is pur- posing the laying of one and one-half miles of pavement within tJie next few months. A very imiwrtant element iu the civic life of De Land is its Woman's Club, through who.se agency the library was established and many reforms in- augurated and maintained.

CHURCHES.

The De Land Christian Church in conjunc- tion with the Protestant Methodists organized the T'nion Church of De Land, but later a separation was effected and the Christian Church has since continued alone. On January 12, 1800, the present handsome church edifice was dedicated, and services have been held in it continuously ever since. Tlie present pastor is .1. M. Ice. The church maintains several societies, including the Christian AVoman's Board of Missions, the Ladies' Aid Society, the Christian Endeavor and a flourishing Sunday school.

The Methodist Episcopal Church was organ- ized during or before ISSO. In IftOC the present church was erected at an estimate*! cost of

pi I

fl I fl I I 8 • I I I I I • I I I I I

"'(iiiVf. "yi^u-';*: '/;?:■ ''fi'^i' . '?i^'-^i lyy-riin '''ii

690

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

held l>y various iniiilntt-r*! whotw M*rvlces can be obtained from time to tinH-.

ii"RHnvt'.sviixr..

Huri-owsv ciunati, Ijk cateil ith'.i;:

• •r station on tlic <ii : Western KrtiU-<>:i ' nt of Litner.

on ItlALfi.

OBIGIN OF NAME.

The name of (Joose Creek, accordiug u- ,-'■■

ulur acfefitanoe, came from the fact tUii' !»

ireese had Ihelr nests in the top.s of the Ni •■

■ 'i'' name later uivoji

■• were permaueiit

■ niiulier of years,

lion to theiu.

I i '' <Nnshif) has the foM-" •■

oiiiK , t-!, comrul.ssioner c;<

J:iii. 11, justice of 111'

I.). M. Liii y. i.oustable.

SI.I'ERVISOSrt.

Since 1S72 the following have servetl Gnrdo Township as niembeM ol rJie board: Super visors, Philip IVmIsou. Bowman I'itts, Clifton, Oreen, ISeujantlu MidiUeton. Sutherland, A. M. Cole. Ciiarlos S. McHay, Syl vester Craw, R. V. Huff, William ry<nieaJie(;ker, Sylvester Craw, P. M. East, and Jacob B. Miller who is the present incumbent.

CHAPTEli XXI.

(J00S15 CREEK TOWNSIUIV

BOUKBABIKS OiHOIN OP WAME RAU,ttOAnS — UE

. . , ., ,..,,, IV, ... HU'^riw — METHODIST .lO-MlLL TAX IOW.\»Uir — miiJiViAi- ^..ii.Vi|-,:>i'i.Mil' •J^;--lK-K Ot- Tl).- V K A C e — COSST.^HlJ; — POtlSnMASTKtt — SVeti:- VISOBS.

CfOose Creek Township lies : Rldse Township, west of Sangaju north of Willow Branch Township, ;i:-! ' ..■: • ' DcWltt County, with the DeWitt County line forming a s;inall portion of the northern boun- dary as well. It fi.utnins tifty-six .sections, and the st»U is admirably adapted for farmlnji pur- poses. During pioneer days, the settlers fonnd coii«i«ierable tlnilier in tills lowiiBhip. but th*> greater part of it b'l.^ 'n'f'i Th*-

natural drainage is exci'.lf i«\! o>

•iikise and Friend's creeks, ; i'b are

ijranclies of the Sansamoii Uiver.

. was laid uii ,11.11 n;iv urbanized n jirivsent presidi nt of field; Harry Cickel i^ inerabers of the village board are i J. B. Kinehart and James V. Millc.

l)e Land is correctly calleil "The <;ic:iiest Little Town on Earth." Allhousli its popula- tion ts uot much over XA)(), sui)porl is ijiveu to two banks and a nunibf-r of flourtshiug business houses. There is a hamlsoiue ('aruegie J.,ibrary, two fiine church edifices, and the village is pur- posini; the laying of one and one-half miles of pavement within the next few months. A very important element in the civic life of De Land is it< Wdnian's Club, through whose agency the (Ibrary was establi.slied and many reforms in- nnsiiratcd and uiaintnlned.

CHUBCHl:.-

iiic I'c l,;iiid Christian «iuiii,^ ,u loujuuc- tion with the Protestant Methodists organized ;h.- i:nion Church of De Land, but later n .iration was effected and the Clirist.lan i-ch has since continued alone. On Janmi'- •j. lS"»^i. tbe present handsome ",i: ^^H.<! rledloated, and .services hav, ir continuously ever slf"i' '■"' is J. M. Ice. The

SOcif'tlos, '1 -!".V:''.

B.v.

chnrcli nmj*

(•rpseut

<->w«a cost of

cr, ,.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

691

$20,000. The present luistor is Harris Beck. There is a present meuiber.ship of 400.

GOOSE CKEEK TOWNSHIP CARNEGIE LIBRARY.

The Woman's Club of De Land for several years supported a lecture course at De Land, and appreciating the necessity for a library in the village, set aside the proceeds from the course during 1908-9 as the beginning of a library fund. A committee later appointed to take under consideration the establishment of a library, decided to api>eal to private individuals for subscriptions, and the response was so grati- fying that the matter was put before the people of the township on April 4, 1911, and a measure was carried by a good majority A'oting a two- mill ta.\ for the purpose of raising the neces.sary amount for the support of a free library. Nego- tiations were then entered into with Andrew Carnegie with the result that he generously contributed .$S,000 for the purpose of building a library to bear his name at I^e Laud. This building, which was dedicatetl November 30. 1912, is 30x47 feet, with a basement and main floor. The architects were Deal & Ginzel of Lincoln, 111., and the contractor was P. E. Krauel of Danville, 111. The building commit- tee was composed of the following : E. T. Mc- Milleu. .L U. Campbell and Cl.vde II. I'orter. There are now over 4.000 volumes in the library, and all of the best magazines are to be found in the reading rooms. .\s it was found tliat the two-mill ta.v was more than suflicient for the purpose, the tax was reduced to one and one-half mills. One of the stipulations at the time of the establishment of the library was that two members of the library board were always to be taken from the Woman's Club. The library is conveniently located at the cor- ner of Ilighwa.v .\venue and Second Street.

Goose Creek Township has as highway com- missioner J. L. Borton ; J. F. Mother.spaw is a .iustlce of the peace; the constable is Fred Haines, while the poundmaster is R. M. Parrisli.

SUPERVISORS.

Since 1S72 Goose Creek Township has been represented on the county board by the follow- ing : Dennis Bondurant. Hawks. J. H. Wood, .John Kirby. William McMillen, .1. H. Wwd. .lohn Kirby, .1. H. Campbell, Wiley M. Dewees. W. H. Dilatush, Wiley M. Dewee.s, L. M. Marvel.

S. C. Uodman, .1. Olson, and G. U. Trenchard, the present incumbent, who has held this office for several terms.

CHAPTER XXII.

MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP.

BOUNDARIES — FIRST SETTLEMENTS RAILROADS — •

CITY OF MONTICELLO — FIRST SETTLERS — FIRST BUSINESS HOUSES — NO CONTROVERSY' OVER LOCA- TION OF COUNTY SEAT — INCORPORATION PRESENT

CITY' OFFICIALS — POST OFFICE — PUBLIC BUILD- INGS— PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS — WATER WORKS —

SEWERAGE — FIBE DEPARTMENT — CEMETERIES

MANUFACTURE.S — AI.LERTON LIBRARY' — CHURCHES

— M E T H O U I S T — PRESBY'TERIAN — CHRISTIAN

CATHOLIC — AN OLD PROCLAMATION — MONTICELLO

OF TODAY OFFICIALS — TOWN CLERK — ASSESSOR

— COLLECTOR — HIGHWAY' COMMISSIONER — .JUS- TICE OF THE PE.\CE — CONSTABLE — SUPERVISORS.

BOUNDARIES.

While Monticello Township is one of the four smallest townships in Piatt County with regard to actual area, it is the most im]iortant owing to the fact that it is in the very center of the cininty and contains the county seat. It is bouuded on the uortli by Goose Creek and San- gamon townships; on the east by Champaign County; on the south by Bement Township, and on the west by Willow Branch Township. ;ind contains forty-eight square miles. The Land rises in .-i ridge in the southwestern part and so runs diagonally to the northeast so that the whole townshi|i is slightly rolling, and very lieautiful. Lake Fork and the Sangamon River drain the townsbiii. ,-ind there has never been very much of it submerged land. In the early days considoralile timber was found along the water courses, and the soil is black loam, witli ,1 little il.iy in the hills near the river.

FIRST SETTLEMENT.

The first settlements of Piatt County were made in Monticello Township, the pioneers being the Hayworths. Daggetts and Martins.

RAILROADS.

Two railroads, the Wabash and the Illinois Central, pass through the township, so that it

692

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

has excellent facilities for passenger anil freight transportation, while the interurban service of the Illinois Traction makes still closer connec- tions between the county seat and other por- tions of the county.

CITY OF MONTICELLO.

In 1837. some years before the county of Piatt was organized, the people who had located in that portion of Macon County that later was to form the new division, found that it was burden.sonie to have to travel as far as Decatur for their trading, and so took up the matter of founding a town of their own. Abraham Marqui.ss. William Barnes, Major McReynolds and James A. Piatt formed themselves into a committee to decide upon the most desirable site on the Sangamon River. They selected the present site of Monticello as the one most de- sirable on either bank of the river, and a .joint stock compan.v was founded which bought the land, once owned by James A. Piatt, and a town was laid out that is now embraced within the confines of the county seat. On July 1. 1837. the town was recorded, being named by Major McReynolds after the country seat of Tliomas Jefferson. It was platted by James A. Piatt and .surveyed by a Mr. McClelland, and it would have lieen difficult for these gentlemen to have acquired a more desirable or more beautiful site than the one their judgment selected. Three days after the plat of the town was placed on record, .July 4, 1837. a grand barbecue was held, to which the whole surrounding country attended, and the promoters of this entertain- ment sold .$2,700 worth of town lots.

As the orignlal plat of Monticello did not include the Hayworth house, which stood for many years after those later built had been torn down, so it cannot be said to be the first in Monticello, although it was for years the oldest in the city, sub.sequent to the extension of the city limits way beyond it. Houses did not go up very rapidly, for the records show that in 1830 there were but four residences in the oi'iginal town, the first having been a small storehouse built on a site later occujiied by Dr. Xoecker's drug store. In it a Mr. Cass carried on :\ siii.iU nicreantile business. The residence (]f Xicbdlas Devore. which was quite large for that time, Itoing a four-room house, was long known as the "old Fort." .\nother early resi- dent was John Tenbrooke. who kept the first tavpiii. and James Outten bad another resi-

dence. A Mr. Hull, a blacksmith, built a shop and opened it for business, and all this occurred before the close of 1839.

FIRST BUSINESS MEN.

Daniel Stiekel may be regarded as the first regular nierehant. and he established himself in 1,8-11. The first druggist was J. C. Johnson and he was also the first regular postmaster, while Dr. King was the first iihysician. For a few mouths, during the very early forties, a law-yer spent a few months at Monticello, but found the place so law abiding that he left. Mr. Outten's home was open to all the clergy, and among those who held services in the restricted space of his home was old Peter Cartwright, who held a number of services during 1843 and 1.844 in the courthouse, and he also organized and conducted several camji meetings.

It is interesting to readers to quote the fol- lowing from Miss Piatt's account of the c"ity in 1856:

"In IS.'iO quite a good deal of business was done in Monticello. In the Monticello Times of that date we find that T. Milligan and H. C. McCouias advertised as attorneys-at-law ; N. G. Coflin, Xoecker & Hull and T. Wheeler as ph.v- sicians : R. B. AVinchester as saddle & harness makers; Marbleston & Bro. as clothiers; J. E. Duncan as tailor: Young & Co. as furniture dealers; J. II. HoUingsworth, O. Bailey, Piatt & Kerr, and P.ruffett & Foster as dry goods merchants; J. C. Johnson & Bro. as druggists: Dunseth & Sbroeder as bricklayers: D. Kelc- kelier as boot and shoe merchant: B. T. Meeks as hardware merchant; David Cornprost as grocer, and John Painter as butcher."

KO CONTROVERSY OVER COINTY" SEAT.

There was never any question as to the de- sirability of Monticello as the seat of county government, so the county was spared the dis- sensions which have racked so many other sections of the stale relative to this important matter. Local jealous.v has l)een so fomented in some counties as to actually retard progress, and the tax payers have been taxed many times over to meet the cost of the moving of old bnild- ings from one site to another, or the erection of new ones to meet the demands of such a change. Piatt County is to be congratulated n]ion its freedom from these troubles and upon the luiited work of its jieople toward a har- monious adv.-incempnt of all sections.

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

693

INCORPORATION.

On April 10, 1872, the president and board of trustees of tlie village of Monticello called a meeting in order to take steps for incorporating it as a city. These officials were J. L. Bond, president ; Charles Watts, E. G. Knight, J. M. Holmes and Samuel Bender were trustees, and W. D. Shulz was clerk. The population was then 1,060, it now being 3,000, and a mayor and six aldermen were elected, as follows : Daniel Stickel, mayor; and William T. Foster, B. B. Jones, E. G. Knight, J. A. Hill, John Keenan and James M. Holmes were the aldermen. The officials at present are: Charles Mcintosh, mayor ; Frank F. Miner, clerk ; Ernest M. Dil- saver, treasurer, and E. M. Shonkwiler, at- torney.

POST OFFICE.

During General Grant's second term of office as president of the United States, Monticello became a second class post office, and for many years Samuel Webster was tlie postmaster. The present postmaster is E. C. Moffett. Rural free delivery was adopted at Monticello in 1902, and this office now has five rural routes. It has two city carriers, and in all gives employment to thirteen men. The annual amount of busi- ness done by this post office is .'(!24,000.

With the incoiTX)ration of Monticello as a city, other Industries and business enterprises were established, among them being the grain elevator of Piatt, Hubbel & Co.. and a gristmill built In 187S by E. A. Townley & Co. In 1876 an elevator was built by Knight & Tinder, and about the same time several lumber yards were established. The Sackrlter Hotel affords ac- commodation to the traveling public.

Monticello has long been noted for the beauty of its location, the neatness of its yards, the cleanliness of its streets, and the elegance of its residences.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

In addition to the county buildings Monti- cello has the following public buildings : The city hall, which was liuilt in 1012 at a cost of $16,500, the money for which was raised by a bond issue for ,$15,000 in 1911. This building, which is a handsome brick one, contains the post office, fire department and several offices on the second floor which are occupied by pro- fessional men. The township hall was erected

during 1896-7 at a cost of $18,000. This build- ing, which is a very pretentious one, contains the Allerton Library, the gift of Mrs. Samuel W. Allerton, the opera house, which has a seat- ing capacity of 800, and several club rooms.

PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.

On September .3, 1889, a petition was read at the regular meeting of the city council of Monti- cello, that was signed by forty-four of the residents, asking that steps be taken to secure an adequate water supply. A committee was composed of three aldermen and four citizens outside the council, who investigated thor- oughly and made the following report to the council on November 5, 1889 :

WATER WORKS.

"A supply of water can he obtained anywhere in the northern portion of the city in three dif- ferent ways — by using the well purchased of the coal company, by sinking a large surface well fifty or seventy feet deep, or by putting down two or three tubular wells about 300 feet deep. Any of these methods will furnish water in abundance; but for the best and purest water we recommend the deep tubular wells, as that will gi\e the most satisfactory results for the least money. Of the various systems of water works in use the combined system of direct pressure from the pump, together with an ele- vated tank, would be the most durable and economical for our city. This system would be the most effective In use, least expensive to operate, and the first cost to protect a width of six blocks from north to south would not exceed .$15,000. This includes sinking the wells, pump, tiink, power house, etc., in fact, the sys- tem completed, tested and ready to be received by the city. Under the present law, owing to the low valuation of the city's taxable property, but $13,500 could be raised by bonds, five per cent of the valuation being the limit for which a city can bond itself for water works. By raising .$1,500 additional by a .special tax our city can be as effectively protected as any city can be, and in view of the helpless condition in case of fire at present, we believe our city cannot afford to be longer without this aid.

"We therefore recommend that you submit the question to the vote of the people, placing the cost at a maximum of $15,000, all of which is

694

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

unanimou.sly concurred in by your committee.

Signed by all members of committee :

J. A. Bender, W. R. Yazle, R. R. JIerimth, J. A. Brown, W. H. Plunk, G. A. Stadler,

F. V. DiLATUSH."

In spite of tliis complete report, nothing fur- ther was done for a year, and then on Septem- ber 2. ISOO. the clerk was directed by the council to advertise for bids for sinking a six inch well, and on October 15, 1890, the bid was let to J. W. Mohler Company at the following figures :

First 1Ch;> feet. .$2.25 per foot ; next fifty feet, .$2.75 per foot, and from 150 to 500 feet. $3.00 per foot. The well when completed was 311 feet deep.

The ordinance passed for bonding Monticello for $9,000 for the purpose of building a water plant on the land which contained the well that had been bought from H. E. Huston for $330, it being the east half of lots 5 and 6. and all of block 10, in Rawlins addition to Monticello. These bonds were bought by Farson, Leach & Co.. and the contract was let to George Cadogan Morgan for $10,450, which include<l all the work except the ]iii>e lines, that contract being let to Mueller riuinbiiig and Heating Company for $12,890, and the iilant was finally installed in 1892.

Another well, 209 feet in depth, was sunk, and the water in each well is very pure and clear. In 1915 a Ijond issue was made for $10,000 to further improve the water works system of Monticello, and during 191<) reconstruction was carried on with the result that the city now has one of the best equipjied plants in the state. The expenditures according to the reports fur- nished the city council, were as follows :

Reservoir $4,373.44

Puniphou.se 275.00

Razing standpipe 450.00

Service pump 2,425.77

Deep well pump 1,036.63

Kngineer's 4 percent contract price. . . . .383.04

.$9,959.18 T.ess liquidated damages GO.OO

.$9,899.18

There is one 12 inch well that is 208 feet deep : one 8 inch well that is 206 feet in depth, and one ]o inch well that is 212 feet in depth.

sewerage.

In 1896 the present sewerage system was in- stalled, which with the fine water supply makes Monticello one of the best equipped cities of its size in the countiy from a sanitary standpoint.

The fire deiMrtment has an equipment that is adequate and there are thirteen men enrolled iis members of the fire department.

CEMETERIES.

On May 2, 1873, the Monticello Cemetery As- sociation was organized with the following oHi- cers : J. W. Coleman, president ; H. E. Huston, secretary and treasurer ; and W. E. Lodge, Charles Watts, and George F. Miller, directors. This association bought twenty acres of laud about one mile north of Monticello. and had it laid out on modern landscape plans so that it is very beautiful. Intermingled with the natu- ral forest growth are many cedars planted by Mr. Coleman. On the highest point is a block devoted to the heroes of the Civil War who have answered the la.st call. Later more acreage was added as needed. W. F. Lodge is the present president of this association. Other cemeteries in Piatt County are : Ater Cemetery, Croninger Cemetery, Frantz Cemetery, and Willow P>ranch Cemetery, beside several old luni.il jiLices which were used by the pioneers.

MANUFACTURES.

-Vs Piatt County is essentially an agricultural district, the business centers around those in- dustries connected with this branch of activity, but there is one concern at Monticello that has attained a nation-wide celebrity. The Peiisin Synip I'ompany was organized in 1893 by C. H. Ridgely. Dr. W. B. Caldwell. Harry H. Crea and others for the purpose of producing Dr. Caldwell's Syru]) Pepsin. In June. 1899, Mr. Crea. who bad secured control of the comixmy, sold to .Vllen F. Moore and A. C. Thomp.son, the former becoming president and manager, and the latter vice president. Still later John F. Hott became the vice president, and the sec- retary is John F. Thompson. Mr. Moore con- tinuing )>resident and manager and is treasurer as well. The annual output aggregates nearly $l,000.(Ki((; emi)liiyment is given to eighty-seven people at tlie home plant and there are twenty-

IIOXSKl^.MAX fAlllX. JKiXTUKLI.d

LIBKARY AND OPKRA HOUSl-:. ilOXTICELLl)

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

695

two lueu on tbe road. The advertising cam- paign costs .$200,000 annually. In 1014 the plant was enlarged and made fireproof, and it and the beautiful grounds are an ornament to Monti- cello. Sales are made all over the United States.

THE ALLERTON LIBEAKY.

In ]8'.).5 Hon. Samuel W. AUerton offered to the people of Monticello Township that if they would erect a suitable building in which to house it, Mrs. Allerton would donate a library, and when the proposition was put to the vote at the town meeting in April, it was carried unanimously. A library committee, composed of O. A. Tatman, chairman, and F. V. Dilatusli, George F. Rbod«>s. H. D. Peters, W. F. Stevenson and A. C. Tliompsou proceeded to push matters vigorously. A lot was purchased one block north of tbe courthouse square, R. I. Gill of Urbana was chosen as architect, and a building was erected at a cost of .$18,000 which was ready for occupancy during the early part of 1S97. Tbe building also includes an opera house with a seating capacity of 800. a woman's club room and another conmiodious club room.

The library room is 70x40 feet, with a large circular bay window in the southwest corner, and it is decorated tastefully. There are some very valuable prints and reproductions of some of the most notable paintings. Tlie original gift comprised 2,500 volumes, but there are now over S,000 volumes in the library, and there are in addition some very valuable pamphlets owned by the association. Among other valuable vol- umes are a number of bound periodicals, and books of general reference, and all of the lead- ing magazines are carried. Stacks for holding books, of monumental iron are in the east half of the room ; a handsome oak counter which ex- tends two-thirds across the center, partly sepa- rating the reading room from that part in whieb the books are kept ; library tables and chairs of polished oak, movable book racks, cases for periodicals and other handsome fur- nishings add to the comfort and beauty of this librar.v. Tbe library is liberally patronized and shows a gratifying increase annually. Miss Lena Bragg is the librarian, and Miss Ruth Marquiss is her assistant. The present library board is composed of the following : F. \. Dilatush, chairman, and Mrs. G. A. Burgess, Mrs. Mary I. Dighton, James L. Hicks, and Mrs. Jessie Dighton.

CHURCHES.

The Methodist Church at Monticello can be traced back to 1843, so that it is only two years younger than Piatt County. The first church building was erected in 1851, while James C. Buckner was the pastor, and later a parsonage was added to the north. During a remarkable revival held in 1857, 400 members were added, and an era of prosperity came to this church, so that improvements were made in it and the parsonage. In 1809 tbe original church edifice was found to be too small to accommodate the congregations, and a new church was begun, that was dedicated the close of the following year, while in 1890, a new parsonage was built.

The following have served this church as pas- tors : Revs. Addison Godrid, John A. Britten- ham. L. C. I'itner, J. C. Rucker, I. L. Green, W. J. Xewman, Joseph I.,ane, A. Donoarlos, W. C. Blendell, C. Arnold, Miles A. Wright, Ed- ward Rutledge, C Y. Hecox, A. R. Garner, Isaac Grove, D. P. Lyon, J. B. Honts, J. T. Orr, Ira limerson, W. H. H. Adams, P. C. Carroll, M. Fortune, Isaiah Villars, M. W. Everhart, J. Montgomery. J. W. Muse, David Gay, G. S. .Vlexander. E. A. Hamilton, Josepb Long, J. D. Fry, M. S. McCoy, J. F. Woblfourth. Joseph Foxworthy, W. S. Calhoun, J. H. Waterbury, J. S. Dancey, W. Aitken, H. H. O'Neal, Walter .\ikcu. W. V. Gowdy, W. E. Bell, A. B. Peck, .uid W. (J. Lloyd, the present pastor. The baud- some new church edifice was built in 1911 at a cost of .$18,000, while tbe furnishings cost $7,000, making the entire cost something like .$2.j,000, which is a very conservative figure. A magnificent $2,000 pipe organ was installed, so that this church is one of the finest in this part of tbe state. The seating capacity is 300.

The First Presbyterian Church of Monticello was organized on October 27. 1842, by Rev. Josei>b Adams. Previous to that time a Cum- berland Presbyterian minister held frequent services in the village of Monticello, when con- veniences for such services could be pro-sided. The organization of this church was effected with tbe following named persons as charter members: James Huston. .Sarah Huston, Mary Xeybart. Elizabeth Young, Archibald Moffltt, Samuel MofBtt, James J. Patterson, Anna Pat- terson. Hugh O'Neal and Mary O'Neal. Two of their number were chosen ruling elders, viz. : James Huston and Archibald Moftitt.

For the first nine .years of its existence serv-

696

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

ices were irregular, and most of that time the churc-h was without a pastor. In ISol Rev. K. H. Lilly came aud gathered up the fragments of the membership aud effected a re-organiza tiou, and held services sometimes in the court- house, the Methodist Episcoi>al Church building and sometimes at private houses. Twenty years later the organization was sufficiently strong to undertake to build a church house. The late George F. Miller, at one time sheriff of Piatt Ctounty, donated the site for the church build- ing. They built a wooden structure 35x60 feet fronting on South Charter Street, on the north side of lot 5, block S of out lots in Monti- cello. The building cost about $4,000, and the bell purchased for the old building still calls the people to worship.

The following are the names of the several pastors who have served the church and the ap- proximate year of their coming to the same: R. H. Lilly, 1851: John Huston. 1858; T. P. Emerson, 1865; J. H. Dinsmore, 1867; S. A. Hummer, 1869; William. R. Glenn, 1873; A. F. Ashley, 1S76; M. P. Ormsby, 1880; Rev. Coyle of Tennessee, 1883 ; Milton E. Todd, 1883 ; Fred L. Forbes, 1885; .Maurice Waller, ISST; Daniel E. Long, 1800; Milton E. Todd, 1804: Henry G. Gleiser. 1808; George W. Gill, loll; Jlorton C. Long, 1012 ; R. B. Fisher, 1014 ; I'aul J. Gilbert, 1016, and the present incumbent, with an aver- age pastorate of three years and six months for each since 1851. Reverend Coyle's pastorate was the shortest, while Reverend Gleiser's pas- torate was nearly thirteen years in duration. Rev. George W. Gill met a tragic death at Harper's Ferry. Va., while rescuing his son from being run over by a locomotive engine in August, 1012.

In the year 1003 the church began casting about to Iniild a new house of worship. To this end it purchased lots 0 and 10 in block 11. of the original town of Monticello, where the building now stands. The work began in 1006, and the church was dedicated on .Tuly 21, 1007. at a cost of about .$20,000.

Tlic working boards and societies connected with this c'hurch follow : Ruling elders, C. J. Bear. M. R. Davidson, William Dighton, Frank Heti- shee, H. E. Kaiser, Oliarles Mcintosh ; deacons ; Henry Sackrlter, August Lehr and Charles Mos- grove ; Ladies' .Vid Society, Mrs. Mary Mcintosh, president ; Monday Evening Club. Miss Pearl Martin, jiresident; Christian Endeavor Society, Robert Shonkwiler, president : .Tunior Endeavor

Society, Miss Lena Bragg, president ; Home and Foreign Missionary Society, Mrs. Elsie Tletishee, president ; Sunday school sui>erintendent, Mrs. Jessie Dighton ; trustees, William Dighton, Frank V. Dilatush, J. D. Leiper, Carl S. Reed, D. W. Gulp and A. C. Miller. The church has a membership of about 250 and is in a healthy condition. It raises in revenues on an average of .'{12,600 a year for running expenses, and for the various hcmi-ds connected with the church.

The Catholics have a mission at Monticello known as St. Philomena's Church. There is a little brick church edifice, Ituilt in 1006, and services are held in it by i>riests from other parishes, usually from Bement.

The First Christian CTiurch of Monticello had its beginnings some twenty -one years ago under the i>astorship of one of the ablest ministers of this denomination, although for some years the congregation worshiped without any regular home. Then about 1008 or 1000, the congrega- tion iiurchased from the Baptists the grounds and church edifice at the corner of East Main and Independence streets, where services are held regularly. The membership has increased until it now numbers about eighty. The present pastor is Rev. E. W. .\keman. A strong Sun- day school is maintained in connection with the church and several well organized church socie- ties. In 1015 -V. T. England made the church a present of a parsonage which ad.ioins the church pro|>erty on East Washington Street.

.\N 0L1> PR0CI^M.4TI0N.

Interesting in these days when once more our country is engaged in a mighty war, is the fol- lowing, which appeared throughout Piatt County during the exciting days of the early sixties. In connection with this it may be stated that during the Civil War Piatt County furnished more troops pro rata than any other county in the t'nited States.

"WAR! WAR! 1,8000 MORE MEN WANTED FROM ILLINOIS! WILL BE DRAFTED IF THEY DO NOT IMMEDIATELY ENLIST! The War is assuming gigantic proportions — A regiment is to be raised in Piatt and adjoin- ing counties. There will be a large war meeting held in Monticello on

NEXT SATURDAY Let all the people, men, women and children,

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

697

turn out. Good speakers aud uiartiiil music will be procured.

Jlonticello, July 30tb, 1862.

MAXY CITIZENS.'

MONTICELLO OF TOU.VV.

The beautiful little city of Montieello is one of the important centers of this part of the state. While it is not wide in area, nor does it boast as large a population as some other communities, yet this is a distributing center for a wide territory, and an important shipping point for many of the leading agriculturalists over one of the richest and most productive farming sections of Illinois. Its well paved streets, handsome public buildings, substantial business houses and elegant residences prove to the visitor that it rightly lays claim to being the wealthiest county of its size in the state.

OFFICIALS.

Montieello Township has W. I). Britton as township clerk ; R. A. Grilfith as assessor ; Harley Harris as collector; Charles Yockey is a highway eonimissioner ; L. M. Taylor is a jus- tice of the peace ; and William Wildman is a constable.

SUPERVISORS.

Since 1872 the following have served Monti- eello on tlie county board : Ehiniel Stickle, An- drew Deighton, John Piatt, W. (J. Wack, A. J. Langley, L. J. Bond, W. II. Kratz, Pitts, W. II. Kratz, John Bender, George A. Stadler. C. A. Tatman. C. J. Bear. C. A Tatman. W. F. Steven- son, E. E. MofCett, H. P. Harris. John Bender, A. J. Pike, and when he resigned Charles Watts was appointed to complete his term, and Roy II. Jones, who is the present incumbent.

CHAPTER XXIII.

SANGAMON TOWNSHII".

BOUNDARIES RAILROADS — EARLY SETTLEMENTS —

CENTERVILLE LICKSKILLETT — PRESENT CONDI- TIONS WHITE HEATH ORIGIN OF NAME — PRES- ENT CONDITION — CHLTRCHES — GALESVILLE —

ORIGIN OF NAME PRESENT CONDITION — IX)DGE

OFFICIALS — HIGHWAY COMMISSIONER — JUS- TICE OF THE PEACE — CONSTABLE — SUPERVISORS.

BOUNDARIES.

Sangamon Township is bounded on the north by Blue Ridge Township ; on the east by Cham- paign County : on the south by Montieello Township, and on the west by Goose Creek Township, and contains forty-eight .sections of land. As this township is drained by the Sangamon River, Camp Creek and Madden's Run, it in an early day contained considerable timber, and the soil is very fertile, so that there are many valuable farms in this section of the county. Three railroads run through the town- ship, giving it unusual transportation facilities, they being branches of the Illinois Central, the Wabash Railroad and the Illinois Traction Sys- tem.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

Sangamon Township was one of the first to be settled in Piatt County, this portion being very attractive to the pioneer, who naturally in locating in the wilderness looked for two necessary sources of supply — water courses and timber — from which he could obtain much that he needed in a new land. Among the earliest of these settlers were the Ingrams, Hanlines, Wrights, Souders, Oulerys, Maddens, Mackeys, Coons, and Argos. It is conceded that a child born to Mr. and Airs. Andy Wright was the first white child born in this township.

CENTERVILLE.

The oldest connnunity in the townshiii was ( enterville. which was founded by Archibald Maffett, who erected its fiirst liouse, and resided in it, ju-ior to 1S40. About 1842, Samuel Maffett and Thomas Newell, yielding to a demand for such a mill, built a sawmill, and soon thereafter added a gristmill, and people came to them from a wide territory, for in those days there were few mills, and all of the products used on the table or for building puriwses were home pro- duced. Samuel French siiw an opportunity to start a blacksmith shop about this time and car- ried on a profitable business for a number of years. It is a noticeable fact that in the records of any of these pioneer settlements, the black- smith is one of the first business men to open a shop, appearing oftentimes before the merchant, for the settlers could raise their food, and get along for a time without new clothing, but they had to have their horses shod, and rei>airs done on their wagons and few implements. It was

698

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

not, however, until 1850 that the town was hiiil off and the name of Centerville given to it, at which time a iwst ottice was established, and called by that same name, and a Mr. Young appears to have been the first iwstmaster. Old residents of fentenille remember tihe time when Centerville was c-alled Lickskillet, that name having been given the settlement by a dis- gruntled old man who lived outside of it. At the present time Centerville is practically aban- doned as a village, although C. H. Mackey cnn- duct.s a general .store at this point.

WHITE HEATH.

About 1872 Porter Heath bought the land on which stands the jiresent village of White Heath from Prank White, in the interests of a stock company, and the name is a happy combination of the names of these two gentlemen. From all accounts the first house in the place was built by .James Webster, who became the first post- rhaster after the government made White, Heath a post office. Tlie first hotel, in which a store was opened, was erected by a Miss Frank and Vin. Williams. W. H. Jones conducts a hard- ware store; William Murmy has a general store, and there are other business interests centered here, although there is no \-illage or- ganization. The private banking house of S. L. Sievers & Co. affords banking accommodations for the shipiwrs and the agriculturalists in the adjacent territory. The United Brethren and the .Methodists are represented at White Heath, and services are held in the churches owned by both denominations, although at present there are no resident jiastors.

G.4T,ESVII,I.E.

Wlien the Wabash Uailroad made a shipping point on the land owned by Rufus Oalef, the station was called after him. but later Mr. Calef opened a store and built a house which was occupied by John Donlan. and in 187(5 liad the name changed to Galesville in honor of his mother, whose maiden name was Gale, and this name was given to the post office, established in that same year. Wilbur Alvord was the first postmaster and held office for a number of years, .it present Galesville is a railroad cross- ing. The elevator at Galesville is operated under the firm name of K. H. Jones and Co., and Ora O. Pike has a general store.

LODGE.

Ill I'ormer years a post office was located about half a mile below the crossing of the Cliicago division of the Wabash and Havana Iiranch of the same road, and named Woods in honor of the sui)erintendent of the Chicago di- vision of the AVabash road. Later on, the ix)st office at Lodge was moved to Woods, and the Iiost office deiiartment mled that the former name should be retainOT for the combined offices, and so the .station is known as I.K)dge tn the present day. There is an elevator at Lodge operated by R. H. Jones and Co., and L. Mc- Kinley conducts a general store.

OFFICIALS.

Sangamon Township has the following town- ship officials : John Lusealett. commissioner of highways; Joseph Clo.se, justice of the peace, .ind James Pryke, constable.

SUPEEVISOKS.

.Since 1S72 the following men have repre- sented Sangamon Township on the county board: J. C. Heath, Isaac Riehbark, H. R. Calef. William Mo.sgrove, J. H. Cline, A. J. Pike. J. C. Heath. W. A. Plunk, J. L. Foster, J. C. Heath, Mack Branch, Earl Deland, Jesse Foster, i:arl Deland, R. W. Plunk and Bryon Thompson. Hie present incnnibeiit.

CHAPTER XXIY.

INITY TOWNSHIP.

noi'NDAKIES — MOUND BUILDERS — RAILROADS

EARLY SETTLEMENTS MACKVILLE — HAMMOND

PIEHSON — ATWOOD ORIGIN OF N.4ME — EARLY

SETTLERS ORGANIZATION OF VILLAGE ORGAN- IZATION OF CITY — MAY'ORS — PUBLIC IMPROVE- .\IENTS — ATWOOD TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOL — ODD FELLOWS — OFFICIALS — HIGHWAY COM.MISSIONERS — JUSTICES OF THE PEACE CONSTABLE — SUPER- VISORS.

BOUNDARIES.

One of the oldest settled townships in the county. Unity Township from a historical iwint of view is very interesting. It is equal in size to either Bement or Monticello. although its

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

699

IKlpulation is less, and is lioiiiided on tlic nortli by Beinent Township; on the east by Douglas County ; on the south by Moultrie County, anil on the west by Cerro Gordo Township. The drainage Is effected by means of the I.,ake Forli of the Okaw River, and along this stream in early days a considerable amount of timber was found. The slope of the land is towanls the east and southeast, although it rolls very grad- ually.

/

BICLICS OF MOUND BUILDERS.

In Unity Township are to be found relics of the mound builders, the only part of Piatt County where there are traces of this perished race. Mounds three feet in height and two rods In circumference are on the banks of Lake Fork, on the farm owned by Jake Odensten and on them Immense trees are growing, showing that these mounds have been undisturbed for many generations. Not only have stone axes ami arrow points been found in this vicinity, but excavation into the mounds resulted in the dis- covery of human bones.

K.MLROADS.

Unity Townshiii has two railroads, the Wabash Railroad and the Cincinnati, Indian- apolis & Western Railroad, so that this section is In ea.sy reach of the great markets of the middle west.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

Among the earliest settlers of Unity Township were the Monroes, ShonkwUers, Harshbargers, Moores and James Utterlmek, all of whom lo- cated on the Lake Fork tluring 1S3G and 1S37. Others who eame a little later were the Quicks, Crains, Gregorys, Wlldmans, Joseph Rhodes, Thomas Blaekwell, John H. Ea.ston, George Wiley, John Butler, Wesley Reed Bucks. Lucas Dehart.

To quote from the eminent authority already referred to, Miss Piatt, some of the interesting Items regarding Unity Township in the early daj's were as follows :

"Mr. Daniel Ilarshbarger was the first person to make a profession of religion and the first person who was baptized on Lake Fork. Mrs. Gamaliel Gregory was the first per.son born In Unity Townshi]i. Harrison and Jessie Monroe were the first who died within the limits of ITnity TownshiiL They were liuried on the banks of Lake Fork. Mr. and Mrs. Daniel

Ilarshbarger's twins were probably the first who were burled in the Harshbarger cemetery. This cemetery, which contains two or three acres of ground, was deeded to the public by Mr. Daniel Harshbarger. Mr. Joseph Taylor and Sarah Monroe (now Mrs. Tliomas Goodson) were mar- ried in 1838, on the site of Richard Monroe's l)resent homo, and were the first couple married In the township. Mr. Daniel Harshbarger was the first .iustice of the peace of Unity Township, and Jonathan Wildman the first schoolteacher. Coffins for the dead were made by the neigh- bors of the deceased. Jlr. Joseph Moore has an old drawing knife which he used many a time to make coffins. Mr. Monroe says that it was twelve years after the first settlements were made in the township before there were any bridges over the Lake Fork or before there was a blacksmith shop in the neighborhood. Before l)lacksmithlng was done it was customary to put buckskin boots on the horses for them to slide over the ice with."

MACKVILIjr.

In a very early day a Mr. McNutt bought three acres of land of Nathaniel Shonkwiler, and built a store, later owned by James Samp- son. About this store sprung up a little settle- ment, that was first called Mack's village, and later Mackvllle. The first school of the place was kept in a log house and taught by Mrs. Shonkwiler, a widow, and in 1858 James Lewis w;is the first teacher in the first schoolhouse. In this same schoolhouse, the first religious services of Mackville were held. Maekville is numbered among the abandoned villages of I'iatt County.

HAMMOND.

Hammond is one of the older cities of Piatt County, having been laid out in July, 1873. It has had several names, first being called Shum- way, then Unity, but neither suiting the resi- dents the owners of the land finally gave the place that of Hammond, in honor of the president of the Indianapolis, Decatur & Springfield Rail- road, on which It was located. A grain office was tlie fii-st building of Hammond, and was put up by a Mr. Sanford of Bement, and he also erected a residence which was later included in a hotel kept by John Tenbrooke, whose wife cooked the first meal eaten in the new village. For many years J. R. Worthani, the first mer- chant, continued in business, J. M. Baldwin

700

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

being the second in that line. The first post- master was M. D. Cook, who \va.s also the first druggist ; W. K. Evans was the first grain mer- chant and hardware dealer ; while George Rag- laud was the first blacksmith, and Dr. Arbam tiie first physician. The first tow mill in the county was built and operated at Hammond by G. W. Folkerth. Hammond was incorporated as a village May 20, 1800, with T. J. Kaizer as the first president of the village board. The president of the board Is C. A. Bulyan, while William E. Fisher, Jr., is acting Clerk. The other members of the board are W. R. Evans, L. T. Kaizer, Fred Denard, Fred South and James A. Vent. The Church of Christ, the Baptists and Methodists are represented at Hammond.

When the I'ierson station was established on the Indianai>olis, Decatur & Springfield Rail- road, in 1870, it was named in honor of a Mr. Pierson who owned considerable land in that -locality, and in the year following the iwst oftice was established, but given the name of Dry Ridge. This name was later, however, changed to Piorson, which it still retains. The first man to hold the office of postmaster was Francis F. Flack, while Reuben Willey was the second in oftice. The village was not laid out until May, ISSl. when it was surveyed by C. D. Moore, the land then being owned by W. C. Pierson for whom it had been named. Pierson has practically become a rural community.

The beginning of Atwood was the erection of of a mill run by horse power, by Christopher Mossbargar, and with it he ground corn for his neighbors. In 1873, Atwooil was laid out, the old horse-mill site being included in the plat, although the land was then owned by (ieorge Xolind and Harvey Otter, and in 1881 an addi- tion was made to it. The origin of the name is another instance of local conditions being re- sponsible for nomenclature of places, for in the beginning this settlement was known as the one at the wood, which finally became .^.twood. Atwood lies in two counties, Douglas claiming one portion, and Piatt the other, .\mong the early settlers were L. C. Taylor, the first post- master ; Dr. Bennerfleld, the first physician ; ■John Lucas, the first druggist ; JosepTi Moore.

the first hotel owner ; Richard Helton and David Barrett, the first owners of residence property; and Clarence Snodgrass, whose death Decem- ber 14, 1873, was the first in the village.

.Vtwood was organized as a village in 1873, and incorporated as a city in 1883, with Harvey Otter as its first mayor. Others who have served Atwood as mayors during succeeding .voars have been: William Moore.. V. Garett and William Hamilton. The present mayor is 1'^. C. Berger.

PUBLIC I.MPROVEMENTS.

.vtwood lias an electric light plant which cost between $8,000 and $0,000.

.\TW0OD TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOL.

The township high school of Atwood is an institution of whicTi not only Atwood, but Unity Township is deservedly proud. The school is one of the finest in this part of the state, and cost .$50,000. It is a two-story structure, con- taining twenty rooms, and the grounds embrace five acres. Owing to a .$.30,000 loss occasioned by fire during the course of construction, the structure was delayed but will be completed in September. 1017.

Tlie Odd Fellows building at Atwood is one of the finest structures of the village, having been put up in 1805. There are 162 members of this lodge, which was established in 1SS0. Prob- ably this order is the strongest of any other fraternity in Piatt County, and Atwood Lodge is one of the most important.

The First Christian Church of Atwood, one of the strong religious organizations of the vil- lage, has a present membership of 114 members, and Rev. Robert Harris is the present pastor.

OFFICI.iLS.

i;imer Eskridge is highway commi-ssioner of liiity Town.ship; A. JI. Xewhouse is a justice of the i>eace : and David Yakey is a constable.

SUPERVISORS.

Since 1872 the following have served on the county board for tTnity Township : Theodore (Jross. .7. W. Snyder, Samuel Harshberger, J. X. Hawks, W. F. Moore. J. W. Hamilton, E. S. Keener. .7. .\. Osier, J. A. Vent. W. R. Evans, W. Fisher, and H. H. Wildman. the present in- cumbent.

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

701

CHAPTER XXV.

WILLOW BRANCH TOWNSHIP.

BOUNDARIES — SOIL — NATUKAL DRAINAGE ORIGIN

OF NAME EARLY SETTLERS STBINGTOWN —

RAILROADS CISCO — CHURCHES OFFICIALS — ■

COMMISSIONER OE HIGHWAYS — JUSTICE OF THE PEACE — CONSTABLE — SUPERVISORS.

BOUNDARIES.

AVillow Braiich Township is bounded on the north by Goose Creek Township ; on the east by Montlcello and Bement townships ; on the south by Cei'ro Gordo Township, and on the west by Macon County, and contains fifty-nine and one- half sections. Rolling, pi-aiiie and timber land make up this township, although the growth from the last named has long ago been cut, so that but little remains of the groves which .once made this portion of Piatt County so desirable a place to the pioneers.

The Sangamon River gives the township a very fime natural drainage, and its land has always been rated high for farming and stock raising. The Cedar Bluffs along the Sangamon River are of considerable height, and are the highest point in the township, if not along the Wabash and Illinois rivers. The part in the northwestern portion of the township that for years was swampy, has been drained, and is now held at a higher value than any other acreage in the township. Contributing to the Sangamon River are Wolf Run and Wild Cat Creek. The story goes that these two streams gained their names from the animals which in- fested them, and no doubt it is well founded in fact. In the early days wiien the pioneers had no maps to guide them, nor any special names by which to go, they were apt to use some local incident to designate streams or localities, and from these neighborhood occur- rences come many of the present day appella- tions. Willow Branch is the main tributary from the south, and it received its name from a large willow tree that for years was a familiar sight on its bank near the fording place. It is very probable that the township received its name from the same source.

EARLY SETTLERS.

The following were among the earliest set- tlers : The Aters, Pecks, Armsworths, William

Madden, John West, Samuel D, Havely, Michael Dillow, George Widiek, Peter Croninger, and Henry Adams.

The Aters were very prominent in this town- ship, and Edward Ater taught its first school. One of this family owned the first brick house made in the township, the brick for it being bought from George Widiek who made brick in the vicinity of Montlcello as early as 1842.

The first settlement centered about and along a lane called Stringtown, and one of the school- bouses iu the township was called the String- town school. There are still to be found lanes in this townshiji bearing the names of Christian and Cow. The southeastern jxirt of the town- ship had a large settlement called Kentucky, be- cause nearly all of the pioneers of that locality came from some part of Kentucky, and the homesick ones were glad to have something in tlieir new home to recall the old one.

The Illinois Central Railroad runs through Willow Branch Township, thus connecting it with the great market centers of Chicago and St. Louis. The shipments of grain and live stock are heavy from this township as it is the center of a fertile farming region, and a num- ber of the leading men of the township devote themselves to handling these .shipments.

Willow Branch Township has but one village, which is Cisco, which was founded in 1874, with K. F. Dallas, Oscar Harper, Dr. Caldwell, Wash- ington Newbaker, Walker & Carter, .Tames Click, J. B. Hamilton and Dr. Weinstein as the first business and professional men of the place. It is accepted as a fact that the place was named by one of the men on the surveyor's corps for a town in Nevada which he had as- sisted in surveying. Cisco now has a iwpula- tion of about 400, and some excellent business men are located in its midst, including the reliable banking house of Croninger, which is conducted under the name of the Croninger State Bank of Cisco.

Cisco has two religious organizations that are particularly active, the Methodists and Presbyterians, while there are several rural churches in the township, used principally as union churches, dift'erent clergymen holding services iu them without reference to creed.

702

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

The luesent jiresideiit of the village board of Cisco is Jason Siiiier. while the village clerk is K. Pettingell.

OFFICIALS.

S. L. Grove is serving Willow Branch Town- ship as commissioner of highways ; A. H. Lyons is justice of the peace, and Edward Salsbury is constable.

SITPERVISOR.S.

Since ISTii the following men have served on the county board as representatives from Wil- low Branch Township : Peter Croninger, David Moyer. W. F. Stevenson, Thomas Ater, Thomas Mintun, James Ownby, F. H. McCartney, E. L. Croninger, F. S. Weilipp, W. W. Parish. Charles Baker, George W. Wldick, and Charles T. Parr, the present supervisor.

JOHN W. KINGSTON

BIOGRAPHICAL

CHAPTER XXVI.

THE PART OF BIOGRAPHY IN GENERAL HISTORY — CITIZENS OF PIATT COUNTY AND OUTLINES OF PERSONAL HISTORY — PERSONAL SKETCHES AR- RANGED IN ENCYCLOPEDIC ORDER.

The verdict of mankind has awarded to the Muse of Histor.v the highest place amons the Classic Nine. Tlie extent of her office, however, appears to he. liy many minds, hut imperfectly understood. The task of the historian is compre- hensive and exacting. True history reaches be.vond the doings of court or camp, beyond the issue of battles or the effects of treaties, and re- cords the trials and the triumphs, the failures and the successes of the men who make history. It is but an imperfect conception of the philoso- phy of events that fails to accord to portraiture and biography its rightful position as a part — and no unimportant part — of historic narrative. Behind and heneatli the activities of outward life the motive power lies out of sight, .lust as the furnace fires that work the piston and keep the ponderous screw revolving down in the dark- ness of the hold. So, the impulsive power which shapes the course of communities may be found in the molding influences wliich form Its citizens.

It is no mere idle curiosity that prompts men to wish to learn the private, as well as the pub- lic, lives of tlieir fellows. Rather is it true that such desire tends to prove universal brother- hood ; and the interest in personality and biog- raphy is not confined to men of any particular caste or vocation.

The list of those, to whose lot it falls to play a conspicuous part in the great drama of life, is eonipiTratively short; yet communities are made up of individuals, and the aggregate of achieve- ments— no less than the sum total of human hap- piness— is made up of the deeds of those men and women whose primary aim, through life, is faith- fully to ])erform the duty that comes nearest to hand. Individual influences upon human affairs will lie considered potent or insignificant, accord- ing to tlie stan(l]i(iint from which it is viewed. To him who. standing upon the seashore, notes the ebb and flow of the tides and listens to the sullen roar of the waves, as they break upon the beach in seething foam, seemingly chafing at their lim- itations, the ocean appears so vast as to need no tributaries. Yet. without the smallest rill that helps to swell the "Father of Waters." the mighty

torrent of the Mississippi would be lessened, and the beneficent influenee of the Gulf Stream di- minished. Countless streams, currents and coun- ter currents — sometimes mingling, sometimes counteracting each other — colleetivel.v combine to gi\e motion to the accumulated mass of waters. So is it — and so must it ever be — in the ocean of human action, which is formed by the blending and repulsion of currents Of thought, of influence and of life, yet more nuiuerous and more tortu- ous than those which form the "fountains of the deep." The acts and characters of men. like the several faces tUpt compose a composite picture, are wrought together into a compact or hetero- geneous wlidle. History is condensed biography ; '•P.i(>grai)hy is History teaching by example."

It is botli interesting and instructive to rise aliove the generalization of history and trace, in the personality and careers of the men from whom its prang, tlie principles and influences, the impulses and aiiiiiitions. the labors, strug- gles and triumphs that engross their lives.

Here are recorded the careers and achieve- ments of pioneers who, "when tlie fullness of time had come," came from widely separated sources, some from beyond the sea. impelled by divers motives, little conscious of the import of their acts, and hut dimly anticiimting the harvest whicli would spring from the sowing. They built tlieir promitive homes, toiling for a present sub- sistence while laying the foundations of private fortunes and future advancement.

Most of these have passed away. Isut not before they lieheld a develoimient of liusiness and popu- lation surpassing the wiUlest dreams of fancy or expectation. A few yet remain whose years have passed the allotted three-score and ten. and who love to recount, among the cherished memories of their lives, their reminiscences of early days.

fTlie following items of personal and family history, having been arrnngert in encyclopedic (or alphabetical) order as to names of tlie individual subjects, no special index to this part of the work will he found necessary.]

ADAMS, Madison A., now living retired at Cerro Gordo, is one of the stable men of Piatt County, who in former days held a high position among the leading agriculturists. He was born In Madison County, Ohio, February 2.'). 1843, a son of .Tacob and Sydney (Eaches) Adams, natives of Kentucky and Oliio. The father was a car- penter and farmer, and upon coming to Piatt County in 184G, he entered eighty acres of land on the count.v line between Piatt and Macon counties. This land was all in a raw state, but

703

704

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

he ereetetl a log cabin aud developed it iiito a valuable property. His death occurred when he was forty-four years old, and he left a widow and seven children. The mother died three years later, and the children were divided among the neiijhbors and eared for.

Madison A. Adams had very few educational advantages, but he attended school when he could during the winter months and made the most of his scant opportunities. For one year after the death of his mother he worked without receiving any pay, but earning some money for his next year's labors, he took five of the children baelv to Ohio so they could be among relatives. Returning to Piatt County, he resumed work for farmers, and so continued to be engaged until in June. 1S62, he enlisted for service during the Civil War in Company E, Seventy-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, at Chicago, being assigned to the army under di- rect command of General Grant. He was in the Vieksburg camiiaign. and that of Nashville, par- ticipated in the battle of Franklin and that of Mobile. Ala., and was mustered out iu August, 186.^. at Vieksburg, and was honorably dis- charged at Chicago, after which he returned to Piatt County. Mr. Adams then bought an eighty- acre farm, of swamp land, in Willow Branch Towuship. which he improved, and iu 1807 moved on it, adding another eighty acres. This 160 acre farm is now one of the best in the couuty. In addition to this, he secured 740 acres of land in Cross County. Ark., which is partially improved, liaving a house, windmill and other improvements, but principally in timber. Mr. Adams rents it profitably. He also owns a fine residence in Cerro Gordo, in which he has lived since 1903.

On February 14. l.S7(;. Mr. Adams was married to Mary Zellers. of Piatt Couuty. a daughter of John and Mary Zellers. natives of Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Adam.s liecame the parents of the following children : Otto, who died at the age of twenty-three years: Calvin W.. who lives at Cerro Gordo, is in business with his father con- ducting an automoliile and garage business, handling the Ford, Maxwell. Overland. Dodge and Jeffery cars, with main office at Cerro Gordo, and branches at Bement and Monticello : Olive E., who is Jlrs. E. H. Boling. of Wel.sh. La. ; Mary .'^.. who is Mrs. Sanford L. Grove, of Wil- low Branch Townshiji : and Ruth, who is at home. Mr. Adams is a memlier of the Method- ist Church, and has served as a trustee since 190.S. He is a Progressive Republiran polit- ically. For two years he was assessor of Cerro Gordo Township, aud for nine years was a school trustee. His membership in Cerro Goixio Post Xo. 210, G. A. R. is a source of interest to him. and he en.ioys meeting his old comrades. In war aud peace Mr. Adams has proven his true worth, and no man stands any higher in public esteem than does he.

ADKINS, Charles. One of the leading agricul- turists of Piatt County. Charles Adkins has also, at various times, been called to positions of

public preferment, aud for three terms served as a menilier of the Illinois State Legislature. He was born in Pickaway County, O., February 7. 1M>;:!, and is a son of Sampson and Eli^a A. iMintum) Adkins.

Sampson Adkins was born in 1S39, in Pick- away Couuty, O., was there reared and edu- cated, and during the Civil War fought as a soldier in Company A, Ninetieth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He died in 1882. In December, 1SS5, his ^\idow and her children moved to Monticello Township, Piatt County, 111., and rented a farm of 240 acres, upon which members of the family resided for twenty yeai-s. Mrs. Adkins then moved to Monticello, where she died in 1910, aged sLxty-seven years, her birth having occurred in 1839 in Athens County, O. The following children comprised the fam- ily: Charles; B. F., who is decea.sed ; Elizabeth, deceased, who was Mrs. Charles Reeves ; Reu- ben, of Bement. 111. : Ida M., who died as the wife of Elza Andersou ; Hai-ry H., deceased ; Amanda, who is Mrs. Charles Jones, of Monti- cello : Nancy A., who is the wife of Elsworth Anderson, of Champaign County, III.; William M. and Clara A., of Monticello : Joyce, who is the wife of Samuel Armsworth, of Monticello; and Sampsou, of Chicago, 111.

Charles Adlcius was reared in Ohio, where he received his education in the district .schools, and taught school in the district schools there. Following his marriage, in ISSS, he rented a farm in Willow Branch Township, Piatt County, on which he resided until January, 1S93. at whieii time he moved to the farm upon which he now resides, a fine .560 acre farm owned by W. F. Stevenson, of Monticello. aud he has carried on general farming and stockraising as a tenant farmer. His thorough knowledge of agricultural and live stock conditions make his services much in demand as a lecturer and iustructor at Farm- ers' Institutes and other agricultui'al organ- izations, and he is president of the Illinois Live Stock Breeders' Association. Fraternally he is connected nith the Lodge. Chapter, Command- ery and Shrine of the Masonic order, the Knights of Pythias, the Jlodern Woodmen of America and the Tribe of Ben Hur. During a period of twenty years he has been a member of the Bement Board of Education, and in this time has done much for the schools of this com- munity. In iwlities he is a Repulilican. After serving four years as supervisor of Bement Township. Mr. Adkins was elected a member of the Forty-fifth General Assembly, and his services as a member of that distinguished body were of such an able and helpful character that he was sent as representative to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh sessions, and in the latter was made sjieaker of the House.

In 188S Mr. .Vdkius was luarried to Miss Dora E. Farrow, who was bom in Piatt County, 111., daughter of Frank and Elizabeth (Lorish) Far- row, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Pennsylvania. Ten children have been born to this union, as follows: Ella, who is the wife of Romia Campbell, a farmer of Monti-

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

705

cello Township; ('luirlos Otis, of Willow l!i;iinli Township; and Beii.laniin h\. Keulion. Itoy, Ruth, Grace. Howard. Martlia Washiii^'ton and Mary Klizalietli. rt'sidin;; at home.

ALEXANDER, Ora Vernon, one of the most pro- gressive young farmers of the section In which he lives, has just completed arrangements for the purchase of the magnificent farm in Cerro Gordo Township on which he has resided for several years. He was born at Rossville, Clin- ton County, Ind., December 15, 1891, a son of Benjamin Franklin and Ella (CriiMs) Alexan- der,' natives of Indiana. In 190.'! the family moved to Fayette County, 111., where the father continued farming until 1909, and then went to McCune, Kas., where he spent a year, and then returned to Illinois and rented land m Cerro Gordo Township.

Ora ■\''ernon Alexander attended the public schools of his native state, and then in 1909 came to Illinois, where for the succeeding three years he worked by the month in Moultrie County. For the subsequent two years he worked in Macon County, 111., and then in 1915 he moved to his 200 acre farm in the southwest corner of Cerro Gordo Township. Here he carries on general farming, and raises Percheron horses, and cattle, and has been very successful. He recently bought a $1,250 Oldsmobile that is the pride of the whole locality.

On November So, 1913, Jlr. Alexander was married to Jennie Adkins, liorn in Moultrie County. 111., May 20, 1S9G, a daughter of Wil- liam S. and Laura Ann (Myers) Adkins. Mr. and Mrs. Alexander have two children, namely: Fred Vernon, born July S. 1914, and William Franklin, born May 21, 191G. In iwlitics Mr. Alexander is a Republican. Although still in the very prime of young manhood, he has ac- complished much, and the future is very bright before him.

ALLERTON, Samuel W., was born in Xew York State in 1S29, and early developed a fondness for live stock that led to his devoting himself to the raising and marketing of cattle, hogs and sheep upon an immense scale. He decided upon Piatt County as the home of his immense stock farm, and in all acquired 11,669 acres of land in Sangamon, Willow Branch, Cerro Gordo and Unity townships. The beautiful AUerton home, now the property of his son, Robert Allerton. is in Willow Branch Town- ship, and on it has been expended some $750,- 000, making it one of the finest properties of its kind in the country. During 1916 Robert Allerton spent $80,000 building a brick road and a concrete bridge over the Sangamon River to connect up with the State Aid brick road that leads southwest from the city of Monti- cello. The Allerton home is five miles from Monticello. and the brick road extends between the two places. Samuel W. Allerton was mar- ried, in 1S60. to Paduella W. Thompson, by whom he had two children, and after her death he was married to his sister-in-law, Agnes C.

Thompson, who survives him. Mrs. Samuel W. Allerton gave Monticello its public library that bears her name, and continues her interest In

ALLMAN, James, was born in Ireland in 1839, and in ls54 he came to Piatt County to ,ioin two brothers who had already come to this locality. In time he became a heavy landowner. In 1877 he was married to Anna McSheffry and they had three children, namely : Mary, Agnes and Margaret.

ALVORD, George Briggs, who lias been asso- ciated with numerous business enterprises in Piatt County, is one of the most highly re- spected men of Bement. lie was born at East Hami>ton, Massachusetts, June 10, 1845, a son of Joseph F. and Slaryette (Clapp) Alvord, natives of East Hampton, Massachusetts. The grandparents were Caleb and Naomi (Bodman) Alvord. the former born at Northampton, Mass., July :j. 1772, and the latter born at Williams- burg. JIassachusetts, March .3, 1777. Caleb Al- vord was a son of Zebediah Alvord, a soldier of the Revolutionary War, born at Northampton. Massachusetts, February 14, 1724. He married Rebecca Searl in May, 1750. Zebediah Alvord was a son of John Alvord, a grandson of Jona- than Alvord, and great-grandson of Alexander Alvord. who was born .-it Bridgeport. England, October 15, 1027. On October 29. 1646. Alex- ander Alvord married M.iry \'orc. a daughter of Richard and Ann Vore.

In 1852 Joseph F. and Maryette xVlvord came as far west as Mansfield, Ohio, where he became a candy salesman for a brother-in-law who was a manufacturer of candy. Eighteen months later, >Ir. Alvord came to Piatt County. 111., and located on a farm half-way between Bement and Monticello. and the family lived in a log cabin until the following fall, when they went to Bement. from whence he operated a farm in Bement Township. Later he bought land in Bement Township, but after Ins retirement re- turned to Bement, where he lived until his death January 27, 1900. Tlie mother died Febiniary 2?., 1908. Their children were as follows ; Joseph, who was born February 16, 18.87, was killed at Murphreesboro, Tenn., December 31, 1862 ; Harrison M., who was born January 4, 1840, resides at Mansfield, Ohio; Oscar L., who was bom December 19, 1842, died, a Union sol- dier, June 3, 1862 ; (Jeorge Briggs ; Wilbur Clin- ton, who was born Sei>tember 5, 1849, resides at Los Angeles, Cal. ; .Vlbert Field, who was born October 9. 1851 ; Lewis Henry, who was bom April 10. 18ns.

George Briggs -\l\oril attended the common schools and grew up cm a farm, remaining at home until he was twenty-four years old. He then s])ent two years in the employ of F. E. Bryant, and for a time was with the Wabash Railroad, now tlie Great Western Railroad. For another two years he was in a grocery business, and then sold it and went to Hutchinson. Reno County. Kas.. where he homesteaded 160 acres

706

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

or Uiiifl. iind iMtor obtained HiO acres of a tiiiilxT claim. Tbis lie proved up, and improved lioth claims, and wliile doing so was associated with a Ki'ocery business at Hutchinson. His stay in Kansas extended from 1873 to 1880, but in" the latter year he returned to Bement and became signal man for the Wabash Railroad, later being made transfer man in the freight office at Bement. Still Inter he was ticket agent, remain- ing with this road for seven years. He then embarked in a market gardening business on lifteen acres of land on the edge of Bement, and so continued for nine years. For the next six years he conducted a groc-ery business, which he sold, and .since the .spring of 1915 he has been manufacturing cotton flannel gbives and has built up a fine trade.

In .'-ieiitember. 1800. Mr. ,\l^'ord was united in marriage witli Eunice Diana fpton. born at Charleniont, .Mass.. in December. 1844, a daugh- ter of Ben.janiin and Mary fClark) Upton, he of New II;impsbire. and she of JlassiK-busetts. Tlie grandiJarents were Ben.iamin and Thirza (Flint) T'liton. natives or Beading. Conn. Mr, and Mrs. Alvord became the iiarents of the following clill- dren : George Xewton. who was born ,JuIy 22. 1807. resides at Lafayette. Ind.. married May Potter, and tbev have two children. Ethel and Helen; Xellie Marietta, who was born February 8, 1871. resides with her i)nrents; Albert riintoii. who was born .July 22. 187:!, resides at Lafay- ette. Ind.. married Buby Stewart: Lewis T'liton. who was liorn Deceml)er 7, 187.'i, married I,illie ■Wolfiird. and they have three children, Eunice. Lucille and Oscar B. Mr. Alvord Is a Presby- terian. While li\iMg in Kansas he served as a .iustice of the pence, and for three terms he was townshl|i collector of Bement. .and for a year he was a member of the city council of Bement. and the ]iresi(lent of the board. In politics be is a Uepulilican. .\ Mason in high standing, be has passed through all the degrees that entitle biin to membersliip in Decatur Comuinndery, and the Mystic Shrine nf Springfield.

ARMSWORTH, James (deceased), belonged to one of tlic iiioneer families of Piatt County, and was renrefl among very primitive surroundings. He was liorn in Willow Branch Township, in .Vpril, 1S4P.. a son of Sanmel and Celia CAter) Armswortb, natives of Willow Branch Township. whose parents came from Virginia, and entered land from the government in Plntt County. They all became extensive landowners ami liromineiit iieople. ,ind here all the grandparents died.

.Tames Armswortb resided with bis iiarents until their death, and attended the common schools. Inheriting the olil homestead, he kept on living there, having a family live with him until h(" w.-is ni.'irried. Decein'her 0, 1.8f!(5. to Ennn.i (lulliford. liorn in Somersetshire. Eng- land, where she was educated. She was a (laughter of William and Mary i Ashford) Gul- liford. who came to this countv in 18."i:^,. first stopping in (lliio. from whence they Liter drove overland with wagons to Bement. 111., but

bought land in Cerro Gordo Township, Mr. and Mrs. Armswortb beuime the parents of the fol- lowing children : William Edwin, who was born March 0, 18G0, died November 29. 1885; Ernest A., who wsis Ijorn November 28, 187C, died August 18, 1877; Samuel S,. who wa.« born May Vi. 1871, lives at Monticello, 111.; Celia L., who was horn October 30, 1873, died July 15, 1887; Bertha E,. who was born July 0, 1875, died December 8. 1885 ; Floyd F„ who was born May 8, 1884, died Septendier .'>, 1.88.") ; and Edith May, who «as born May 4, 188fi, is Mrs. Har- rison M. Rennaborger of Plymouth, Mich.

From/ time to time Mr. Armswortb added to his first farm until he owned 330 acres of land, on wbicli he built a brick house, and made other improvements about the place. There he died October 2."), 1885, and four years later Mrs. .Vrmsworth moved to Monticello, where she lived for a few years, renting the farm until 1893, In that year she returned to the farm and with the assistance of her son Samuel conducted it until the f.ill of 1!MI5, when she again rented it and moved to Cisco, where .she bought a home. In December. 1910, .she sold, and came to Jlonti- cello and here built a flue, modern reisdence, her jn-esent home. Mr. Armswortb was a member of the Presbyterian Church. In ix)litics he was a rjemocrat. and for many .\enrs was a school director and he held other township offices. Mrs. .Vrmsworth distinctly reniemhers coming to Piatt County in her childhood, anil says that at that period deer, wolves and other wild ani- mals were very connnon. and she fre<iuentl.v saw them while riding all over the countrv on horse- back.

ARMSWORTH, Willis, who is conducting a con- crete contracting business at Cerro Gordo upon a large scale, is a man widely known thi-oughout Piatt County. He was boi-n in Willow Branch Township. January 29. 1.847. a son of Scott and Charity (Ater) .Vrmsworth. natives of Virginia and Ohio, respectivel.v. Thev were married in Ohio in 1840. lived in Pike County, III., for about one year, and then moved to Piatt County. TU., bn.ving a f.irm in Willow Branch Township, but .after a year there, returned ti> Ohio. Subse- ipiently they came bnck to Willow Br.-inch Towu- shi|i. where the father conducted his farm un.til bis death in ls82. Their children were: Ann-. who was born Febiaiary 11, 1841. married George Stills, both now being decea.sed, Mrs. Stills dying January 2. 1879; Daniel, who was horn Norem- lier 8. 1.S42. died .Vpril 4. 1848: AbrabniM, born Januni'v 2. 184."i. died June 2. 184.": and Willis.

During the time he was attending the schools of Willow Branch Townshl|i. Willis .Vrmsworth le.-irned farnnng. and remained with his p.irents until 1N72. when he took charge of the home- stead, of which be inherited 200 acres after his father's death. For twelve years this farm remained bis home, and then he went to Cisco. wTiere he co]iducted a lundier business for two years. Selling this, he came to Cerro Gordo, and having rented his farm, did work as a car- lienter for several years, carrying out contracts

^ ^^adcS ^ JU^a^c4<*^Mr^

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

707

as well as workin;; by the ilay, for ten years. At one time he secured two lilood-hounds. which in the course of years multiplied until he had a pacli of thirteen that he trained for hunting iriniinals, and he made a fine record in render- ing; in tills way efficient service to his com- munity. Since 1909 he has been a concrete contractor, making a specialty of bridges, doing all the w<irk of this class in his section, he being the first to make cement tile from .j to 00 inches in size in the county. Mis plant includes con- crete mixers, which lie has owned since 1009. lie is also quite an inventor, having Invented several very useful ai)pliances.

On Febniary '12, 1.S72, Mr. Armsworth was married to Sarah Cornell, born in Hardy County, Va., a daughter of Jacob and Mary Cornell, who came to Piatt County in 1859. Mr. and Mrs. Armswortli have no children, but reared as a daughter, Mary E. Peck, who married Elmer Heckman, and has two children, Glenn W. and Edith M. Mr. Heckman is now deceased and Mrs. Heckman married (second) Aaron Ater. In politics Jlr. Armsworth is a Demo- crat, ^'ery prominent as an Odd Fellow, he belongs to Cerro Gordo Lodge No. 346, having held all the offices in the U>dge, and he also belongs to Decatur Encampment No. .37 and Can- ton 9, and the Eebekahs. Mr. Armsworth is one of the men who attended the first county fair held at Monticello. and recalls it well, with many other incidents of earlier days.

ARTMAN, Hiram, proprietor of the valuable "Dew Drop Inn Stock Farm," in Sangamon Township, one of the leading stock farms of Piatt County, was born at Mt. Carroll, III., De- cember 1, 1855, a son of Alonzo and Jane (Shaf- fer) Artman, natives of Peuns.ylvania. The parents were married in Pennsylvania, and soon thereafter moved to the vicinity of Mt. Carroll, III., where they bought land and farmed it. In ISflO they moved to Piatt County. Sangamon Township, and in August of that year, the father was accidentally killed by the engine of an Illinois Central train, while he was cross- ing the railroad tracks on his way to secure a load of lumber. His children were as follows : Aaron and Margaret who are dec-easeil. the latter having married Frank Arville; Andrew, who is deceased ; Lewis ; Hiram ; and Frank, wlio lives at Beaumont. Kas.

Hiram Artman attended the connnon sclniols of Ills neighborhood, and after the death of his father lived with his sister JIargaret at White Heath, 111., in a log house, until 1S71. In that year he began working liy tlie month for f.irm- ers, and so continued until lSi,S(i. when he engaged with Jacob Cline at White Heath. During his six years residence at White Heath, lie Ferved for two years as townshi]i assessor. In 1892 Mr. .\rtman rented 220 acres and in 1,S94 bought the farm, to which he has added until there are now 200 acres and on it car- ries on general farming and al.so raises Poland- China hogs, cattle and horses.

On January 4. 1S94. Mr. .\rtman was mar-

ried to Mrs. -Vlice L. Newell, widow of Wesley Xewell and daughter of Henry Dyson, born in Champaign County, 111., a daughter of Henry and Eliza (Steele) Dyson, natives of Ohio and England, resjiectively. Mrs. Newell at the time of her marriage to Mr. Artman had three chil- dren, namely : Oscar and Otis, twins, who now live at Decatur, Mich. ; and Agnes, who is Mrs. Harold Sides, of Rankin, 111. Jlr. and Jlrs. .\rtman have the following children: Callie, who is Mrs. John Valentine, of Sangamon Town- ship; and Josephine, Lloyd, Floyd, Ruth and Emeline who are all at home. Mr. Artman attends the Methodist Church. In iwlitics he is a Republican. He served nine years as com- missioner of higrhways, has been assessor, and since 1S95 has been a school director, giving entire satisfaction as a puldic official.

ATER, Franklin, who for many years was asso- ciated with the agricultural life of Piatt County and its development, and also with the growth of Cerro Gordo, where for some years he was an honored and most respected citizen, is now deceased. He was born in Ohio, in March, 1835. a son of James and Sabrina (Thomas) Ater. natives of Ohio. The family came to Illinois in 1852, locating in Willow Branch Townshi]j.

The educational training of Franklin Ater was obtained in tlie common schools of his na- tive county, and he accompanied his parents to Piatt County. Here, in October, 1863, he was mlarried to Eliza J. McArty, born in Ohio, and they moved on a farm of 169 acres given to them by the father of Mr. Ater. in Willow Branch Townshiii. Tliey had the following children : Adella M.. who is Mrs. A. L. Peck, of Cerro Gordo : Jennie Bell, who is Mrs. Ford Dobson, of Cerro Gordo; and Bertha F., who was Mrs. George E. Dobson. but is now deceased. In October. 1901. Mr. Ater was married (sec- ond) to Ida F. Fr.vden.ger of Pleasant Plain, Iowa, a daughter of Jacob M. and Nancy (Ames) Frydenger. natives of Baden, Germany, and Unity. Maine. There were no children by the second marriage, but Mrs. Ater has reared her nephew. Ralph E. Frydenger. who was bom March 16, 1898. After the death of his first wife, Jlr. Ater rented his farm, and moved to Cerro Gordo, where he lived in retirement. His death occurred .Tune 10. 1005.

After the death of lier husliand Mrs. Ater relmilt her home and it is one of the most modern and comfortalile in the place. She owns an eighty-acre farm in Cerro Gordo Township, which she rents. For some years prior to her marriage Jlrs. Atei- was an educfltor, and is affectionately remembered by the ninny pupils slie taught in Piatt County and for fifteen years she taught in the Cterro Gordo schools. She has been on the school board for six years since her marriage. In religious faith Mrs. Ater is a Methndist. and socially she is an important factor in tlie Woman's Club and on its board of directors. Mr. Ater was a Democrat, and served in a number of township offices. He was

708

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

a Masou and served that fraternity as treas- urer for a long i)enod. A man of upright prin- ciples and strong personality, he made his Influ- ence felt, and during his lifetime was an impor- tant figure among the iirominent nieu of his times.

ATER, John Smith. After many years' opera- tions along agricultural lines the late John Smith Ater proved his business ability by the successful conduct of a large lumber concern, and finally retired to Cerro Gordo, where he spent the "last years of his life. He was born in Ohio, March 7, 1840. a son of James and Sabtna (Thomas) Ater, natives of Ohio and Virginia, respectively, who came to Willow Branch Township. Piatt County, 111., at an early day, and here bought a tract of land.

John Smith Ater was reared as any farmer's son of his day, and received his educational training in the schools in his district. When his country had need of him during the Civil War, he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and participated in the battles of Resaca, Buzzard's Roost, Nashville and Franklin, and was in the Atlanta campaign. At the close of his military service, he returned to his father's home, and resided there until the fall of 1807, when he moved to his own farm of 160 acres in Willow Branch Township. He erected a house upon it and made .other improvements, and added eighty acres to his farm. Later he moved to Mont'icello from whence he conducted his own and his mother's farm. After some years, he returned to his farm for a period, and then went to Cerro Gordo, where he went into a lumber business and conducted it for a time. Subsequently he sold this business and lived re- tired until his death, November 12, 1903, in the handsome residence he had bought in Cerro Gordo. Here his widow bas since resided.

On March 7, 1867, Mr. Ater was married to Mary A. Towl, born at Cleveland, Ohio, April 2, 1839, a daughter of Efferson and Mary (Plum- mer) Towl, natives of Maine. Mr. and Mrs. Ater had no children. Mr. Ater was a Demo- crat, was assessor in 1S70 and collector in 1871, and held other township offices in Willow Branch Township. A man of consequence, he exerted a strong influence among his associates, and is remembered with kindly consideration. He was a member of the G. A. R., and was deeply interested in all matters pertaining thereto. He was a prominent Mason for many years, and was buried according to that order.

ATER, Thomas, was born in Loudoun County, Va.. in 170.5. but in 1S02 the family moved to Pickaway County, Ohio, where Thomas was reared, and from there he went into the service of his country during the War of 1S12. In 1813 he was married to Elizabeth Brown and they had five children, namely: Edward. Solomon, Willis. Celia and John. In 1827 Thomas Ater brought his family to Illinois, and they spent eleven years in Vermilion County, after which

they came to Piatt County, locating near Wil- low Branch, where Thomas Ater died in 1852.

ATER, Thomas J., one lof the pioneers of Willow Branch Township, came to the county in 1S3S, and was there married to Nancy Fisher by whom he had two children, namely : Thomas Jeffer.son and John. Later he was married (second) to Miss Elizabeth Williams. In I8.0I Mr. Ater died, owning at that time 313 acres of land. He had held a number of town- ship oflices and was a man of importance.

BAKER, George W., one of the farmers of Bliie Kidge Township who is now deceased, was born in Ohio and came to Piatt County when he was twenty-two years old. With his saving.^ he bought 160 acres of land on which he lived until his death in 1897. He was married In 1880 to Miss Mary Leach, and they had cue daughter, Millie Jane, who was married to Wallace Walk.

BAKER, Jeremiah, undeniably is worthy of a place in a record of the county's history, for he lived here long and was a man of probity and uiirightness. and in his death left behind a memory that is still preserved although many years have passed since he was called away. He was born in Ohio, in 1821. a son of James and Mary (Dines) Baker, who were born, reared, married and died in Ohio.

Growing up amid rural surroundings and attending the loc-al schools, Jeremiah Baker attained his majority in his native state, after which he came to Piatt County, 111., and for a time was employed by the farmers In this sec- tion. On November 2. 1853, he was married to Jane Ater, born in Ross County, Ohio, a daughter of James and S.abrina (Thomas) Ater, who came to Piatt County and located on a Willow Branch To^^■nship farm, becoming in time the owners of 1.500 acres of land where the father farmed until his death. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Baker took up their residence in the southern part of Willow Branch Township. He attended land sales at Danville. 111., and in that way secured his first land. Later he added until he had several hundred acres, and did general farming and stockrais- iug. In the jears that followed he made sev- eral changes, .spending a few years at Decatur, 111., but in 1877 moved to Monticello. where he h.ul a modern residence built for him. and he also invested in other city property, retain- ing at the same time his farming property. His death occurred at Monticello. in 1896.

Mr. and Mrs. Baker had no children, and after his death Mrs. Baker took her sisters and brother and their families to live with her. and reared the children who are as follows: .Tohn A. Smith, a retired farmer, who married Charity .\ter. and they have three children ; Blanche, who is Mrs. Charles Huston wlio lives at St. Joseph. 111. : Mabel, who is with Mrs. Baker; and Floy, who is Mrs. James Heath of Piatt County. Mr. Baker was a Democrat in

c^' Oiyyi'-yvOL -^i2>^^^^<:^;^<^^£/L_

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

709

politics aud frutenuilly was a Alasou. Mrs. Baker is a Methodist and in former years was active in cliurcb work.

BALCH, Henry Alfred, wlio not only owns some very valualilc I'iatt County farm land, but is also engaged in a flourishing business at Cerro Gordo, where he is acting manager for thfe Danville Creamery Company, is one of the rep- resentative men of this section, aud one who stands very high in public esteem. He was born in JViacon County, 111., in August, 1858, a son of Alexander Houston and Harriet (Page) Balch, natives of Coles County, 111., and New York state respectively. The mother was brought by her parents, Michael Page and wife, natives of Maine, but residents of New York, to Macon County, 111., and there Harriet Page met and was subsequently married to Mr. Balch. Mr. and Mrs. Balch located on a farm that occu- pied the present site of Orion, 111., but two years later came to Piatt County, locating in Oakley Township, on the county line between Macon and Piatt counties. It was from here that the father of Henry A. Balch enlisted for service in the Civil War, in 1861, in Company A, One Hundred and Sixteenth Illinois Vol- unteer Infantry, and died at Milligan's Bend, La., in 1862, his widow continuing to reside on the Piatt County farm. Their children were as follows : Martha Emma, who lives at Chicago ; Henry Alfred ; Luther Bradford, who died in childhood ; and Edward Nelson, who died in infancy.

Henry Alfred Balch attended the Peck dis- trict school, and Valparaiso (Ind.) College, re- maining with his mother until her death, in 1878. For some fifteen years thereafter Mr. Balch was engaged in farming on an eighty- acre farm he bought in Cerro Gordo Township, and then moved to Cerro Cordo, where he was engaged as a clerk for O. J. Harland in his grocei-y store for five years, and later was with George C. Grove. In 1915 he became manager for the cream station at Cerro Gordo for the Danville Creamery Company, which in sum- me handles 150 gallons of milk, and in the winter, forty gallons, per da}-. Since coming to Cerro Gtoi'do, Mr. Balch has rented his farm.

In October, 1879, Mr. Balch was married to Mary E. Dobson. born in Morgan County. 111., a dhughter of Philip and Isabel (Morley) Dob- son, natives of England. Mr. and Mrs. Balch have one daughter, Harriet Elizabeth, who is Mrs. Earl A. Griswold, of Cerro Gnrdo, where Mr. Griswold is cashier of the Citizens Bank. Mr. Balch belongs to Cerro Gordo Lodge No. 600, A. F. & A. M. He is a Democrat. Since 1004 he has been a commissioner of the drain- age district. A cou.sistent Presbyterian, he has been an elder in that religions body since 1014. and is a man of high standing in every way.

BARNES, Jacob H., who was born in Virginia, came to Bement in 1866, and for years was coroner of Piatt County, and a school trustee at Bement, In 1844 he was married to Eliza-

beth Kimmel, and they had the following chil- dren: Mrs. Robert Haseltine, Marcelous, Irene and Kimmel.

BARNES, John, who was burn in Oliiu, July 1, 1828, came to Piatt County in 1S33. He was married in 1846 to Martha JI. I'hilipps, and they had eight children, namely : Hannah II., Mary E,, Ellen, George A., Joseph L., John G., Etta, and one deceased. Ilis home wa.s in the vicinity of Centerville, and there he died Febru- ary 4, 1871.

BARNES, William, was born in ITys, and in 1813 he was united in marriage with Sarah Marquiss, who was born in 1794. In 1833 they came to Piatt County and located in Monticello Township. They had three children, but only two grew to maturity, namely: Henry and William Harrison.

BARNETT, WiUiam E., came to Piatt County in ISoO and for years was a resident of Goose Creek Township, moving there in 1S6S. He was married in 1844 to Mrs. Julia A. Mil- burn, a widow with three children.

BARTLEY, Harrison, who was born in Ohio in 1808, became one of the successful farmers of Monticello Township, where he came in 1868. He was married in 1835 to Elizabeth Newhouse, and they had nine children : Edward, Sarah, Catherine, Louis, Nelson, Lemuel, Ella, William and Benjamin, Harrison Bartley's father served as a soldier in the War of 1812.

BAUMANN, Herman B., one of the substantial

business men and property owners of this sec- tion, living at Milmlne where he has heavy interests, was born in German,v, February 24, 1805, a son of William and Bertha (Hacker) Baumann. natives of Germany. The father was born in January, 1818, while the mother was born in April, 1828, By trade the father was a blacksmith and worked at his trade until his death in 1897. The mother died in 1890.

Herman B. Baumann was educated in tho common schools of Germany, \\hen he was six- teen years old being apprenticed to the black- smith trade. After completing his apprenticeship, he came to America and in 1.883 located at Belle- ville, St. Clair County, 111, Here he worked at his trade for four years, but in the spring of 1887 he caime to Milmine and opened a black- smith shop of his own, and has conducted it for twenty-three years. He aLso started in a farm implement and machineiy Inisiness, handling the Emerson buggies, Paige automobiles, Janes- ville farm implements and other standard makes of machinery. After he had established the bu.siness and placed it upon a firm foundation, he turned it over to Archer Hamm, who acts as manager of the blacksmith shop, and still conducts the implement business. The house has a very large trade, and is one of the most reliable of its kind in the countv. Mr. Bau- mann owns 230 acres of valuable 'farm land in

710

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

Willow Bruncb Towusbip, a business block, garage and his residence at Milmine, and is a stockholder in the Bank of Milmine.

On March 12, 1890. Mr. Baumann was mar- ried at Milmine to Sarah C. I.u.x, a daughter of I'eter and Christiana (Frank) Lu.x, old set- tlers of Piatt County. Mr. and Mrs. Baumann have three children, namely : Grace, Wayne and Emma, all of whom are at home. Mr. Bau- mann belongs to the Christian Church, in which he is highly valued. In politics he is a Repub- lican. His fraternal affiliations are with the Bement Lodge A. F. & A. M., and MUmlne Lodge I. O. O. F. .\ man of excellent business judg- ment and a hard worker, he has forged ahead, and his present prosperity is the result of his own efforts.

BAUMANN, Theodore Andrew, M. D., one of the successful iiractitioiuTs of medicine of Piatt County, not only en.ioys a large clientage at DeLand and from the surrounding territory, but exemplifies in his devotion to his work the fact that his calling is the noblest and hardest of all the learned professions, and that no man cau hope to excel in it unless he gives years of preparation to it, and at the same time pos- sess a natural inclination toward relieving suf- fering. Dr. Baumann was born in Cherry Val- ley, 111., March 10. ISS'J, a son of Casper Carl and Susan E. (McKinney) Baumann. he born at Morris, 111., and she as Augusta. Maine. They were married at Beloit, Wis., later locat- ing at Cherry Valley, 111.

Dr. Baumann attended the public schools of Cherry Valley, and the high school at Rock- ford, and then matriculated at the University of Illinois, following which he took a medical course at the Northwestern University, from which he was graduated in .Tune, 1914. He then spent one year at the Rockford City Hospital, and August 1, 1915, having thoroughly fitted him- self for the work, established himself in a gen- eral practice at DeLand, where he has met with very gratifying success.

In polities Dr. Baumann is a Democrat. A Mason in high .standing he belongs to DeLand Lodge. A. F. & A. M.. and also belongs to DeLand Lodge. I. O. O. F.. and Cherry Valley Camp, M. W. A. A young man of genial man- ner and engaging i>ersouality. Dr. Baumann . attaches his patients to him, and gaining their confidence in his ability and skill, is all the more able to help them to regain health and guard them against invasions of disease. Like other men of his calling he takes an intelli- gent interest in civic matters, and is a valuable addition to DeLand.

On .Tune 2, lOlfi, Dr. Baumann was married to Miss Mabel Ida Prentice, of Rockford. 111.

BEAK, Lewis E., ono of the most progi-es.sive farmers of Piatt County, has a fine farming property in Cerro Cordo Township. He was horn near Decatur. 111., June 2.5. 1884. a son of .Tohn and Mary (Lewis) Bear, natives of Cum- berland, Pa., and Berkshire, England. The

maternal grandparents, Cliarles and Martha (Betts) Lewis, left England in 1804, and after a time spent in Vermont, in 1865 located at Decatur, where Mr. Lewis oiierated one of if not the first tile yards in Macon County, 111. The paternal grandparents, Epbraim and Susan (Ilamsher) Bear, were natives of Pennsyl- x'ania who came to Macon County about 1852. -Vfter farming for a time, the grandfather be- came a merchant at Decatur. After their mar- riage tljc parents located on a farm in the vicinity of Decatur and .still re.side in Hickory Point Township.

Lewis E. Bear attended the schools of his native township, and the Decatur common and high schiiols. and then matriculated at the Uni- versity of Illinois at Champaign, 111., where he took an agricultural course. Returning home he was engaged in farming with his father until 1907, when, on Januai-j- 29 of that year he move^l to a farm of eiglity acres in Cerro Gordo Township. Piatt County, which he had bought in 1905. This jiroperty had a house and barn on it. but he remodeled lioth and erected new buildings as tliey were needed, and put up fences and laid tile until he has one of the best improved farms in the township. On it he carries on general farming and is a large feeder of hogs. His training at the university has given him a scientific insight into liis work, and his advice is often sought by his neighbors who appreciate the value of his prac- tical knowledge.

On December 28, 1905, Mr. Bear was married to Edna Brett, born in Macon County. 111., a daughter of D. E. and Addle (Rife) Brett, na- tives of Jlacon County. Mr. and Mrs. Bear have no children. Both he and his wife are Methodists, and jiolitically he is a Republican, ■•iml during 191.5-lG served as tax collector of Cerro Gordo Township. Since 1907 he has been a school dii'ector. In fraternal matters he be- longs to Cerro (iordo Lodge No. mx A. F. & .V. M., Benieut Chapter No. 05. R. A. N., Beau- mont Commandery. K. T.. of Decatur, and Ansar Shrine of Springfield. Both he and wife are members of the Ea.stern Star.

BEERY, Lewis Francis, whose agricultural ac- tivities entitle him to ;i prominent place among the farmers of Cerro (iordo Township, was born in Ohio. .Tuly (1, 1S.55. a son of .Tohn and Mary (Strohm) Beery, ho l)orn near Bremen. Ohio. February (1. 1S24. and he died .Tanuary 1.3. 1877, in Hocking County. Ohio. The mother, who was lioru Feliruary 2:?, 1820. died .November 4. 1S87. at the home of her son. Lewis Francis Beery, near Cerro Gordo. 111., and her burial was in Frautz Cemetery, nearby. The grand- father. Alnabam Beery, who was of Swiss de- scent, married a Miss Dillman. The grand- father was drafted into service during the War of 1S12. The parents of Lewis F. Beery had eleven children, namely: Ephraim. Andrew. .Tacol), Isaac. Lewis, James, Levi, Salem. Eliza- beth. Hiram and Henry.

In 187s Lewis F. Beerv began working on

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

711

farms in Ceno Gordo Towusliii), and so con- tinued for three years, wlien tie rented laud one mile west of Cerro Goi-do, in Macon County, and after nine years tliere, went to Lincoln County, Neb., where he took up government land. Mr. Beery has pi'oved an excellent busi- ness man. After he paid for it and improved the above land he sold and returned to Oakley Township, Macon County. In 1900 he bought forty acres ot land for $2,000, thirty acres of which was cleared. Three years later he sold this farm on which he had never resided, for $2,500, and in the fall of 1003 bought 160 acres of land on section 20, (.'erro Gordo Township, which was partly improved. For this land he paid $18,400, or $115 per acre, lie has rebuilt the house, making it modern in every way, rebuilt the barns and in other ways increased the value of the property. Still further add- ing to his holdings, in 1014 he bought eighty acres for $0,040, paying -.$211.75 an acre, one- half mile south of his homestead, on which his son Oscar resides. Land adjoining this prop- erty is now lield ut $250 per acre. Mr. Beery raises horises, cattle, hogs and sheep, having always been a very heavy handler of live stock. On February 10, 18S2, Mr. Beery was mar- ried to Phoebe Girl, who was born in Stephen- son County, 111., March 22, 1858, a daughter of Christian and Lucinda ( Brillheart) Girl, na- tives of Stark County, Ohio, where he was born in 1825, and she January 3, 1837. He died August 27, 1892, and she died April 17, 1910. They were married April 20, 1857. Mr. and Mrs. Beery became the parents of the following chil- dren : Ada May, liorn December 3, 1882, is Mrs. Noah Buckingham of Cerro Gordo Township, and has two children, Herman and Merlin ; Oscar J., born December 10, 1884, married Pearl Frantz ; Lester F., a successful auctioneer, born August 1, 188C. married Bertha Cripe, issue. Iva and Everett ; Chester A., born October 18, 1887, married Ola Hendricks, aud has three chil- dren, Lucille, Leo and Joseph, all these sons lieing farmers of Cerro Gordo Township: Jose- phine, born May 12, 1880, is Mrs. Earl Landis of Decatur, 111., has one daughter, Mildrath ; Hattie Edna, born April 12, 1801, is Mrs. Isaac Hoots, of Cerro Gordo Towuship; Lucinda F., born June 13, 1893, is Mrs. Arvil Landis of Cerro Gordo Township ; Phoebe .\nn. born May 31, 1805, and Jtabel Augusta, born July 13, 1897, who are at home. Prior to her marriage while still living at home, Mrs. Lucinda F. Landis taught five terms of school very successfully. The families belong to the Church of the Breth- ren. Mr. Beery not only attended the common ■schools, but has borne his part in bettering them for the present generation by serving as a .school director for several years.. In politics he is independent.

BELL, T. George, born in Pennsylvania, moved to Bement during the early si-xt'les, and there died in 18S0. He was married to Sarah Sam- ple, who survived him, and their children were

as follows: Mrs. Jacob Motherspaw, and John 1).

BENDER, Jeremiah, wlio was also engaged in merchandising at Monticello for some years, was born in Ohio, and came to Piatt County in 1842, becoming the owner of property iu Monti- cello. About 18t0 Mr. Bender was married to M. J. Moflltt, who died in June, 1872, leaving two childien, namely: Charles and Annie.

BENDER, John Andrew, whose honorable con- lU'ctioji with the business and public interests of .Monticello e.xtends over a long period, is ju.stly recognized as one of the representative men of Piatt County. He was born iu this county, November 10, 1849, a sou of Henry aud Mary Ann (Barnes) Bender, born in Pickaway County. Ohio. Both the Banies aud Bender fam- ilies were early settlers of Piatt County. After their marriage the parents of John A. Bender located on a farm iu Piatt County, iu Monticello Towuship, and there the father died in the fall of 1854. The mother lived until 1878, and John A. was their only child.

As long as his mother, to whom he was deeply attached, lived, John A. Bender lived with her, and engaged in farming. In 1883 he moved to Jlonticello and for seven years was profltalily engaged in the manufacture of tile and bricli, then went into a grain business, but sold it after tour years, and in 1803 embarked in a coal and feed business which he still conducts, handling all kinds of hard and soft coal and feed.

In 1874 Mr. Bender was married to Lydia M B.-uley; of Piatt County, a daughter of John and Mary (Hubbard) Bailey, of Ohio. Mr and Mrs. Bender became the parents of the follow- ing children: Mabel, who died December ''4 lOlo, at the age of thirty-seven years ; Lola, w^id died at the age of twenty-three vears; Welnia who died at the age of ten years ; and Arthur! wlio died at the age of thirty-seven vears.

Mr Beuder is a very well educated man hav- ing attended the district schools and afterward Lombard College, at Galesburg, 111. For three terms he served as supervisor of iMonticello Township, was mayor of the city of Monticello tor two years, and alderman of the same citv for ten .^•ears, lieing elected in every case ou the

tntl'L'T'l *""'?^- "'' '-^ '^ >"»" of ""usual toice of character and is held in high esteem. Us fraternal relations are with the Odd Fel- lows and Knights of Pythias.

BENDER, Samuel, who for many years was a.ssociated with the mercantile life of Monti- cello, came to Piatt County in 1842, and l)e- came the owner of considerable farm land in Goose Creek Towuship. as well as citv property at Monticello. In 1846 he was married to Eliz- abeth Marquiss, who died leaving a daughter, Ettie. Mr. Bender was again married in 1853' his second wife bearing the maiden name of Uebeeca Ilea, and she died in 1877, leaving six- children, namely: Ida, Bertie, William, Rich-

712

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

aid, Louise B., and S. R. lu July, 1SS2, Samuel Bender and Inez Jamison were married.

BENSON, Harvey, came to Piatt County in 1856

and became a prosperous farmer of Sangamon

Township. In December, 1877, he was married

to Mrs. Mary Piatt. His death occurred some

years ago.

«

BENSYL, John A., one of the heavy land opera- tors of Sauijamon Township, who is a recog- nized authority on agi'ieultural matters, was born in this township October 30, 1875, a son of Harvev and Minerva fCampbell) Bensyl, natives of" Ohio and Piatt County, 111., resiJect- ively. The paternal grandparents, Balser and Rebecca (Blaclier) Bensyl were natives of Ohio. The grandmother survives, being now in her nineties, and lives near Mouticello, 111. She is the only living person in the county who had two sons in the Civil War. The grandfather died in 1800. The maternal grandfather was William Campbell, a native of Ohio who came to Piatt County, 111., at an early day, and he and the grandmother both died in early life. After their marriage. Harvey Ben.syl and his wife located in Sangamon Township, and later went to Champaign County, 111., remaining in this state until ISOfi, when they went to Har- rison County, Mo., where they are still engaged in farming. Their children were as follows : John A. ; Cassius and William, both of whom live In Harrison County. JIo. ; and Florence, who is Mrs. Walker Gibson of Harrison County, Mo.

After his parents moved to Missouri, John A. Bensyl worlied by the mouth among different fanners until 1808. when he engaged for a year in farming on a rented farm along Camp Creek, and then moved to Timnions' farm, then owned by ilr. Allerton. After a year he moved to another part of this same farm, in Mouticello Township, remaining until November, 1002, wlien he located on his present farm of 480 acres in Sangamon Township, owned by the AUertons. He raises and feeds many hogs, cat- tle and horses, and carries on general grain farming, his operations being conducted upon an immense scale.

On January 20. 1807, Mr. Bensyl was mar- ried to Frances Foraker, born in Sangamon Township, August 17, 1870, a daughter of Frank and Melissa (Ferrell) Foraker, natives of Ohio. The grandparents, Franklin Pierce and Clarissa (Justus) Foraker, and Selby and Miranda (Gray) Ferrell were all natives of Ohio, and early settlers of Piatt County, 111. Mr. and Mrs. Foraker were married in Piatt County, lo- cating in Sangamon Township, but since 1912 they have lived in Butte Ctounty. S. D. Mr. and Mrs. Bensyl have had the following children: Beulah Ethel, who was liorn December !), 1897 ; Lula Opal, who was born November 2.3, 1899; Donald Lee, who was born December 13, 1901 ; Ruliy Pauline, who was born January 6, 1906 : Ruth Aline, wlio was liorn July 1(3, 1009; and

Frances Mildred, who was born October 30, 1912. Mr. and Mrs. Bensyl both attended the same school in Sangamon Township, to which tliey have sent their children who are old enougli, and for ten years Mr. Bensy] was a member of the board of directors of this dis- trict. In religious faith Mr. Bensyl belongs to the United Brethren Church. In politics he is a Republican.

BENTLEY, John F., now living retired at Bement, was for a number of years actively engaged in farming in I'iatt County, and is rec- ognized as one of the leading men of his com- munity. He was born in Wood County, Ohio, June 28, 1852, a son of David and Sarah J. (Roberts) Bentle.v, natives of New York and Ohio, respectively. When he was twenty-five years old, the father went to Ohio, and there engaged in farming until 1872, when he came to Piatt County, 111., and here lived in retire- ment until his death.

John F. Bentley's educational advantages were limited to those aflorded by the schools of his native county, and there he lived until the spring of 1872 when he moved to a rented farm in Milmine. this county, which he operated for one year. He then moved on a raw farm of eighty acres in Bement Township, the ground of which he had to break, and on which he had to erect all the buildings. From time to time he added to his holdings until he now has 280 acres in his homestead, and ICO acres one mile east. All of the improvements on the homestead were made by him. and on it he carried on grain raising and stock breeding and raising ujiou a large scale. In 1911 he moved to his present jn'operty of five acres just east of Be- ment, where he built a fine modern frame house, and he is enjoying the comforts his former labors have secured for him. The home farm is rented by his youngest son, and another son is on the IfiO-acre farm.

On April 2i!. l.'<70. Mr. Bentley was married to Susan J. Sayler, of Ohio, a daughter of Sam- uel K. and Juriah (Ctdp) Sayler of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Bentley became the iia rents of the fol- lowing children: Frank; Pearl, who is Mrs. Herman Wempon, of Bement, 111., and Walter, who is on the home farm. In religious faith Mr, Bentley is a Presbyterian. An active Re- luiblicau, he has served as school director and road commissioner for fourteen years. Fra- ternally he ))elongs to the Odd Fellows, and the Encampment of Mouticello, and is also a mem- ber of the Rebekahs. During his active years he did his full duty as a man and a citizen, and is worthy of the esteem and confidence he in- spires.

BICKEL, John E., one of the substantial busi- ness men fif De Land, has long been associated with the development of Piatt County. He was iKirn in Germany. December 27, 18.52. a son of Baldus and Fexlea (Frank) Bickel. who passed their useful lives in Germany. John E. Bickel, who had been educated in his native land, came

MR. AND irHS. JOHN LEISCHN?]R

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

713

to the UuitoU States, 18(J0, aud arrived at Spring- field, 111., oil September 29, aud from there went to New Berlin, 111., to join his two sisters. He began working on farms, so continuing for four years, and then returned to Springfield, and commenced learning the wagon-making trade, which he later followed at Springfield aud Monticcllo, luul eventually he and H. D. Herriugtiiii cstahllshed a wagon shop at Monti- cello, which the.v conducted from 1874 to June 2, 18T5. Theu Mr. Bickel came to De Land and establishetl a wagon shop which he con- ducted in conjunction with handling agricultural Implements, from 1S75 until 1913, when the implement ixirt of the bu.siness become of such volume he gave up his wagon shop to devote himself exclusively to dealing in implements, and now handles all the leading makes includ- ing those of the McCormick, John Deere and the International Harvester companies.

On December 12. 1878, Mr. Bickel was mar- ried to Mary Lorinda McBride, born at West Alexandrik, Ohio, 'a daughter of Jacob and Sarah Caroline (Kelley) McBride, natives of Maryland and Eaton, Ohio, resjiectively. Mr. and Mrs. Bickel became the parents of the fol- lowing children : Alta, who is deceased ; Roland, who is at home ; Flossie, who is deceased ; John, who died in infancy ; Claude, who lives at Clin- ton. 111. ; Daisy, who is Mrs. John Q. Adams, of Rutland, 111. ; Harry, who is at home : Joseph, who died in infancy ; Herbert, who lives at Centerville, Iowa ; and Lola and Opal who are at home.

In religious faith Mr. Bickel is a Methodist. He served for eight years as a school director, and for six years was on the De Land board of trustees, and was president of the board two different times. In addition he rendered effi- cient service as village treasurer, and was elected to tliese different oflices on the Repub- lican ticket, and was liis party's township committeeman one term. Fraternall.v he belongs to the Odd Fellows and Modern Woodmen of America, both of De Land. Both as a jjublic official and private citizen, Mr. Bickel stands very high, and people have full confidence in him and his integrity and ability.

BLICKENSTAFF, David D., proprietor of a re- liable livery stable and feed barn at Cerro Gordo, is a man who understands his business thoroughly and takes a pride in giving his patrons good service and fair terms. He was born in Oakley Township, Macon County, 111., September 15, 1872, a son of Leonard A. and Susanna (Frantz) Blickenstaff, born in Clin- ton County, Ind. They were earl.v settlers of Macon Count.v. 111., where the father engaged in farming. His death occurred in June, 1878. The mother survives and makes her home with a son Levi, in Macon County.

David D. Blickenstaff attended the schools in his district until he was fifteen years old, at which time he began working for farmers by the month. As soon as he was able he began farming for himself, and so continued for fifteen

years, but in 1UU8 moved to Cerru Gordo, and embarked in a livery business whicli he has since conducted very successfully. He has 10 head of horses, and as many vehicles, and his men are reliable and steady.

In December, 1804, Mr. Blickenstaff' was married (first) to Sarah Jaekson who died in December of the following year, leaving no issue. In May, ItlUl, Mr. Blickenstaff' was mar- ried (second) to Emma Mohler, born in I'iatt County, 111., a daughter of Daniel ^Mohler, a native of I'ennsylvanla. Mr. and Jlrs. Blick- enstaff' have had the following children : Myra, Myrtle, Edwin, Irwin, Edna, I'aul and Leonard. He belongs to the Church of the Brethren, and is active in its good work. In politics he is a Republican. A haitlworking man, he has had but little time to form outside connections, and is not a member of any fraternities or clubs, but takes his jileasure in his home aud family.

BLICKENSTAFF, John (deceased), was for a number of years associated with important in- terests of I'iatt County, esiiecially at Cerro (iordo, although for a time prior to his demise, he was afflicted by trouble with his eyes which necessitated a partial retirement. He was born in Carroll County, Ind., November 19, 183.5, a son of Leonard and Catherine (Ulery) Blink- enstiift', born and married in the vicinity of Day- ton, Ohio. Following their marriage they moved to Indiana, settling near Lafayette, but sub- seciuently moved to Macon County, 111., buying land and farming it the remainder of their lives. The father died in 1866, and the mother in 1SG9.

John Blickenstaff had a very limited educa- tion, but learned to be a careful farmer. On September 15, 1857, he was married to Catherine Kuns. born in Carroll County, Ind., Ma.v 26, 1842, a daughter of Daniel and Maria (Lesley) Kuns. born in Ohio. They went to Indiana when they were children, and married in that state, afterwards coming to Macon County, 111., locating on a farm there in 1855. He died in 1863, aged forty-one years. Subsequently Mrs. Kuns niiirried (second) Martin Swank, and moved to Kansas, but returned in the fall of 1880, to Cerro Gordo, where Mrs. Swank died in June. 1000, aged seventy-eight years.

Following their marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Blick- enstaff went on a farm in Macon County, three miles south of Cerro Gordo, he owning three pieces of land in that neighborhood, of 160 acres in the home farm, and another eighty-acre farm and a third, of 120 acres. Until 1870 they con- tinued to live here, and then moved to Cerro Gordo where Mr. Blickenstaff' bought ten acres of land at the city limits, on which he erected a fine residence, and put up other buildings. He gave to his two daughters each a farm. His death occurred November 11, 1014, but he had been a sufferer from failing eyesight from 1900. Since his demise his widow has resided in the home place. Their two children were Ida, who is Mrs. A. J. Chichester of Cerro Gordo: and Emma, who is Mrs. Isaiah Wheeler, also of

714

HISTOKY OP PIATT COUNTY.

Cerro GorJo. Mr. IJllckeiistiift' belonged to the Church fif tlie Brethren, as does his widow, in which he was a deiicon for many years, hold- ing the otiiee from ISTS until his death. In l)olitics he was a Ueiiuhlican and he was just as faithful in his support of lliat party as he was ill all other relations of life.

BLOOD, Luther, is one of the energetic men of Cerro (iordo who has been able to turn his nat- ural abilities to ixood account. Born with a love of mechanics, he has foi' years used his talents in this direction for the purpose of oper- ating eight threshinj; machines, two corn shell- ers and similar machinery, and is also agent lor the Mitchell Automobile Company. lie owned the first automobile in Piatt County. It was a steamer runabout two-pasesnger. bougljt in IftOl. He was born in the state of New York, in March. 1802. a son of R. C. and S.vlvina (Fitch) Blood, natives of New York, who -spent the years between 1S70 and ISTJ at Mexico. Mo. From that point they went to Cerro Gordo. 111., where the father became a well known farmer and stock ^lealer. He owned and operated a large stock farm in Willow Branch Township.

Luther Blood not only attended the district schools in .New York, but took a commercial course in a business college. He remained with his parents until 1S90, when he moved on an eighty-acre farm in Cerro (iordo Townshlji. operating it until 1001. when he came to Cerro Gordo. Mr. Blood still superintends the con- duct of the farm, liut devotes a good deal of time to his other lines of business.

In March, LSiKI. Mr. Blood was married to Eva Howell, born near Cerro (iordo. a daughter of Isaac and Mary (Widickt Howell, natives of Ross County. Ohio, and Virginia. Mr. Howell came with his iiarents. (ieorge and Martha How- ell, of Ohio, to Piatt County, at an early day, locating In Cerro (Jordo Township, where they improved land which was entered from the government. The grandparents of Mrs. Blood died on this farm. ,ind lier father lived on this farm for a time, and then bought anotlier farm just north of Cerro (iordo. Improving It from raw prairie into a cultivated property. He also Improved several other I'arnis. and was a man of large means, who spent his last days in retirement at Cerro (iordo. He passed away in 180,5 while on a visit in Missnuri. Mr. and Mrs. Blood have two children: I.nciUe. who is Mrs. Paul J. Frederick, of Havana. 111.: Ital|i]i. who is at home.

Mr.s. Blood attendeiT the ronimon and high schools and Valparaiso (Ind. i rniversity. and Baldwin City (Kas.) I'liiversity. receiving from both universities a diploma in art. Following her graduation slie taught school for two years prior to her marriage. She has been president of the Cerro (iordo Wonnin's Club since V.n2. and is also president of the B. II. Bible class of the Methodist Church to which she and I'.er husband belong. She is iiatriotic instructor of the Woman's Relief Corps, and belongs to the Eastern Star, the Woman's Foreign and the

Home Missionary societies, auO Is a great church worker and oue who takes an active interest in local Improvements and civic upllfht. She is also secretary of the local advisory board of the Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society.

Mr. Blo;)d is .m independent Democrat' po- litii-ally. and has served on the town board and on the school board. Frateranlly he lielongs to the chapter .-iiid rdiniiuinderv of the Masonic order, and to the Knights of Pythias.

BOBB, Daniel M., formerly a successful farmer, and now a Milistantial retired resident of Ceri-o (iiinlo. was born in Pennsylvania. July 13, 1840. There he resided until about ISTS, when, having lost his parents, he decided to make a new home in the West, came to Piatt County, 111., and located at Cerro Gordo. With him came his first wife, whom he had married in his na- tive state in 18TJ, and they had the following children : Eftie, who is iSIrs, JIathew Gregg, of Cerro (ioiNlo Township: Elizabeth, who is Mrs. 11. S. (Jibson. of Troy. 111.; Rachel, who is Mrs. I). R. William.s. of Foosland. 111. ; Mattie. who is Mrs. Isaac Allen, of Bement. 111. : Daniel, who lives near Clarksburg. 111. ; Callie. who lives in -Mlierta. Canada : David, who lives at Des Moiues, Iowa ; Harvey, who also lives at Des Jfoines. Iowa : and Susan, who Is Mrs. Iva Sinn, of Des Moines. Iowa.

.Vfter coming to Piatt County. Mr. Bobb rented land which he operated during the summers, and in the winters conducted a butcher shop at Cerro Gordo, in 1895 he went to North Dakota and tfiok up 820 acres of land, occupying it until 1!)(1."> when he lost his first wife, and then returned to Cerro (iordo. Here on Decenil>er i;!. 1008. he was married (second! to Mrs. Sarah K. (Iladon) Greenawalt. born in Sangamon County. 111., a daughter of Aimer and Elizabeth ( \anciin lladon. natives of Indiana and early settlers of Sangamon County, 111. Mrs. Bobb at the time of her marriage to Mr. Bolili was the widow of Noah Greenawalt. boru In Hardin County. Ky.. who came to Piatt County at an early day, and bought an eighty-acre farm on which he lived until isii.s. when he moved to Cerro Gordo .-uid bdUght the residence now occu- pied liy Mr. and Mrs. Bobb. Here he died in 1800. The farm is still owned by Mrs. Bobb. By her first marriage Mrs. Bobb had two chil- dren, namely: Cora, who died at the age of three veais; and Il.nry Elmer, who was born in 1877. died in infancy. Mr. and Jlrs. Bobb are members of the Church of the Brethren. They are very highly respected people and are pn.mineiit in cliurch work.

BODMAN, Samuel E., whose connection with tlic Mutomobile interests of Bement. is an Important one. has proven himself a progressive business man and a reliable citizen of Piatt County. He was born in (lliio. .\ugust 0. 184.3, a son of Samuel and Susan (Kingsley) Bodman. na- tives of Williamsburg. Mass.. where they were married. Later they moved to Ohio, where Mr.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

715

Hodman lieoaine agent for a large tract of laud, and also did surveying, in time becoming associ- ate county judge, and a very prominent man.

Samuel E. Bodiuan attended the laiblic and high schools of Ohio, and remained with his parents, assisting them with the farm worlc until 18Ci<'>. when he became a clerk in the store of Smith Wright, so continuing for nine years. For the subsequent four years he was county ti'easurer in Ohio, and then went into a mer- cantile business at Chardon. Ohio, selling at the expiration of four years, to embark in a lumber business in Lafayette County, W. Va. This Inisiness he sold five years later, and came to Beiment. 111., to engage in a clothing business. Selling his concern at the close of five years, Mr. Rodman went to St. Petersliurg, Fla.. which has continued his winter home ever since. In ]!»10 bis son. Samuel W. Rodman, and William Hughes went into an iiutoniobile and garage liusiness. and also handled farm implements. In May, lOl.'i, Samuel E. Rodman bought Mr. Hughes' interest, and the father and son now carry on the business. The firm handles the Jeffery and Studel>aker cars, and have the agency for twenty-four counties of Central Illi- nois, of the Rull tractor, manufactured at Min- neapolis, Minn. The distributing ])oint is Be- ment, and the .iunioc member of the firm travels in the interest of the business, .'ind looks after the sales end of it.

On September 2(5. ISOfi, Mr. Rodman was mar- ried to Delia Lazette Wright, born at Hunts- burg. Ohio, a daughter of Smith and Jeanette (Scott) Wright, the former of whom was a native of Massachusetts. Mr. Rodman has one son. Samuel W.. who married Carrie Hammond, and they have two children, namel.v: Samuel W., anil Wilbur llannnond. Samuel E. Bod- nian belongs tt) the Congregational Church, and is a generous supporter of that denomination. He has ser\ed ,\s a member of the city council of Beiment. and on the .school board, being elected on the Republican ticket. He is a Chapter and Commandery Mason of high stand-

BODMAN, Samuel Wright. Some men are far- sighted enough to move with the times and take advantage' of changing conditions. With the al- most universal adoption of the automobile as a means of rapid transit for the public, the demand for first class cars and supplies, as well as for expert repair work, was created, and those who went into business to supply these exactions are now reaping a satisfactory har- vest. Samuel 'Wright Bodman of Bement is one of tlie men who has thus benefited, and deserves the success to w^hich he has attained. He was born in Ohio, April -27, 18S2, a son of Samuel Edgar and Lazette CWright) Rodman.

Sanuiel Wright Bodman was educated in Ken- yon College at Oambier, Ohio, and Culver Mili- tary Academy at Culver, Ohio, and after com- pleting his courses, he was in a mercantile busi- ness with his father at Bement. 111., until 190!), when he went to St. Petersburg, Fla.. for two

years, but returning to Renient, he established an automobiU^ business, and also handled farm implements witli William Hughes as a partner. On Jlay 1, I'.ll."). Mr. Hughes' interest was pur- chased liy Mr, Rodman's father, and the firm continues as before, Bodman & Co. This com- pany represents tlie Bull Tractor Company in twenty-four counties in Central Illinois, and the house of .Jolui Deere & Company. They have liad an automobile garage in connection with this other business, since its organization, with the main office at Rement. Four men on an average are employed in the garage.

In .lune, 1903. Mr. Bodman was married to Carrie IT. Hammond, born at Bement. 111., a daughter of W. W. and Elvira (Worthing) Ham- mond, natives of Monroe County, N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. Rodman have two children, namely : Sauuiel W., .Tr., and Wilbur II. In religious faith Mr. Rodman is a Presbyterian. He served on the Rement board, lieing elected on the Re- I>ublican ticket. In Masonry he has taken the Tliirty-scconil degree, and he is also a member of the Knights of Pythias. A man of progre.s- sive ide.is. Mr. Rodman has steadily advanced, and is one of the thriving business men of Bement.

BODY, Thomas C, born in England, came to Piatt County in 1858, and in 1867 left his farm and located at Rement, where he died in 1876. He was married in 1856 to Hannah D. Turn- bolt and their children were as follows : Fan- nie, Charles L., Darlington, Edward, William and Harr.v.

BOND, D. S., who was born in \irginia, came to Piatt County in 1852, and became one of the successful farmers of the county, owning at one time 160 acres of land. In 1859 he was married to Mary Gates and they had eight children who grew to maturity, namely : Edwin. Albert, Ernest. Lillie. Florence. Charlie. Irving and Nellie. A man of substance and reliability, he was called upon several times to hold office.

BOND, L. J., who was born in West Virginia, lived in Indiana for some years prior to coming to Piatt County in 18.54, at which time he located in Monticello Township and developed a fine farm of forty-four acres just outside of the city limits of Monticello. In 1849 he was married to Margaret \. Bond and they had eleven children, six of whom grew to maturity, namely : Lona, Oswick. Bert, Ada, Lena and Louis. For a number of years Mr. Bond served his township as supervisor, and was circuit clerk, and a member of the State Assembly. A Mason in high .standing, he was connected with the Commandery at Decatur.

BONDURANT, Thonias E. The records of Piatt County show no more finished life in way of public achievement and development of private character than is shown in the life history of the late Thomas E. Bondurant who, for years, was one of the dominating figures in the life

716

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

of DeLand and the couuty at large. There he not only was connected with the leading finan- cial institution of the village, but he also took an active and forceful part in all ijublic move- ments, and at the s:ime time developed and main- tained a choice social circle in which he was held in the highest esteem.

Thomas E. Bondurant was born in Sangamon County, 111., December 29, 1831, a- son of Joseph and Martha (Thorpe) Bondurant. Joseph Bon- durant was born in Bedford County, Ya., Septem- ber 15, 1801, a son of Thomas and Margaret (Drury) Bondurant, natives of Virginia who later became residents of Kentucky. Martha Thorpe was born in Boone County, Ky., a daugh- ter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Conley) Thorpe, natives of Virginia and Ireland, respectively. After marriage .loseph Bondurant and wife settled on a farm in Boone County. Ky., where they lived until 1828, in that year coming to Illi- nois and buying a claim on which was a log cabin. In 1833 they moved to Menard County, 111., and still later they made Mechanicsburg their home, and there Joseph Bondurant died April 3, 1864. After his death Mrs. Bondurant came to live with her son, Thomas E., at DeLand. where she died August 15. 1892. The children of Joseph Bondurant and wife were as follows : John Tilman who died on his way to the Califor- nia gold field.s : Lucretia Jane who was married to Joel Churchill, is now deceased ; Elizabeth who was married to William Miller, Is deceased ; Alexander C, Thomas E. and Samuel T., all ot whom are deceased ; Margaret D., who was mar- ried to T. J. t'nderwood, is deceased ; Mary E., who lives at DeLand ; Martha F., who was mar- ried to William Thornton, is deceased ; Joseph N., who is a farmer of Paxton, 111. ; and Amanda E.. who died in childhood.

After attending the primitive Illinois subscrip- tion school, Thomas E. Bondurant went to the Walnut Grove Academy at Eureka, 111., for three months. During his bo.vhood Thomas E. Bondurant made himself useful on the farm, and work in those days was a serious affair for con- ditions were such that none of the farmers had the implements considered absolutely necessary today, and much of the development and clear- ing of the land was done by hand. When Joseph Bondurant took the contract for furnishing the Wabash Railroad with ties, Thomas E. Bondurant commenced working for his father at two dollars per day. so continuing until the contract was completed, after which he did sod breaking for neighboring farmers. In the meanwhile he en- tered 293 acres of land in Piatt County, paying fifty cents per acre for it, and later added by purchase until at the time of his demise he owned 1,400 acres in Piatt County, 2,682 acres in Kankakee County, 111., and SCO acres in Kan- sas. In addition to carrying on general farm- ing on a large scale, he specialized on raising cattle, horses and hogs. In 1900, when the First National Bank of DeLand was organized, Mr. Bondurant took an active part in its establish- ment, becoming a large stockholder and its first

[iresident. This oflice he held until 1902, when his health necessitated his relinquishing some of his responsibilities.

The Christian Church of DeLand had in him an active member and earnest elder, and he contributed very generously toward its sup- port. Eureka College had in him one of its most effective trustees for eight years, and he did much to raise its high standard of excellence. A Republican from the formation of the party, he gave the Union staunch sup- port during the dark days of the Civil War. For seven years he served his township as supervisor, but aside from that would not accept of public office although often urged to do so by his many admirers. His beautiful residence at DeLand, now occupied by his sister Miss Mary E., was built in 1SS2, and he installed his own system of sewerage, electric light plant and hot water heating, and furnished it in an elegant manner that shows the artistic taste of him and his sis- ter. The grounds surrounding the house are an ornament to the village, and are pointed out with pride by the other residents of DeLand.

While Mr. Bondurant had been in ill health for some years prior to his death, his final pass- ing came as a shock to his friends when they learned that his demise had occurred. He was sincerely mourned by a wide circle, many of whom had received material benefits at his liands, all of whom had profited by contact with his rare character. Such men are not often found in any community, and when they are, they leave their impress upon their times and localities, and they are not forgotten, for theirs is the work that lives on in the lives of their associates.

BORN, Henry. It is a very interesting fact that many of the most substantial men of any com- munity in Illinois are retired farmers, for this proves that the cultivation of the soil is a profitable occupation, and serves as an encour- agement to tho.se of the rising generation to turn toward this calling. One of the men thus rep- resentative of the best type of Americanism is Henry Born, of Milmine. He was born in Fair- Held County, Ohio. September 25, 185.^, a son of John and Elizabeth (Lemp) Born. The father was liorn in Switzerland in 1808, and in 18.52 lie came to the United States. locating in Fair- Held ("ount.v. Ohio, where he followed his trade, and also farmed until his death in 1883. The mother w;is born in Switzerland in 1812, and died in Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1891.

Henry Born was educated in the common schools of Hamburg in his native county, leav- ing school when eighteen years old to engage in fanning, on forty acres of land. Here he remained until 1884 when he came to Illinois, locating in Cerro Gordo Township, where until 1911 he operated 160 acres of land. In that year he retired and movent to Milmine where he owns his residence.

In 1882 Mr. Born was married to Lucinda Sackman, who.se parents died when she was .in infant. Mr. and Mrs. Born became the par-

. ;.■ ■ I • • I I I f I I

• III!

I I I I I I

If/

I • ^

716

of DeTiiirid Dot only > clal iiisiir an !:

ructj' taiii! ill t)>.

Coui

and

dur:'

ber :

<Di.

lah-r

1II.ST«.>RY OF PIATT COUNTY.

ro lie '-iuaa-

'>orn jn Siingaiiio:

itives of \ i/f Kentu<

inltivy Illinois suUscrip- !'-oiidiiraijt went to tlio i at Kiireka. Ill his l.o.Phood Thorn

■ Menard (bounty, lo ^ft"■■hal!if••^hnre

'1. After r

wit)) how,

"ln.'lK S'." ■ ^ 1 -:■_ I iu; flllltU-'l'

of Josepli .'i wife were as follows :

John Tilm ! n his way to the Oalifor-

ala a '. ~ ■ • i\ ua Jane who was niarrii'U

to .) is now deconsod; Elizaimtli

whii . 10 William Miller, is deccnsod ;

AlexjiiMi; r I .. momns K. and Samuel T.. all ii^ whom are deceased ; Margaret D., who -was nuir- ri<'(l to T. J. Tindorwood, is deceased ; Mary E., who lives at DeLand; Martha F.. who was mar- ried to Williaui Thornton, Is deceased ; Joseph N., who is a farm.r r.f I'nxton, 111.; and Amanda R.. who dii ' id.

After M(t tion .schot'

Wfiln-lt ii!-,,.: ,\-.;,.;c

three months. THiring Bondiirant made himself useful on the fm work in those days was a serious a!* ditions were suoh that none of the i. the implements eonsiidercd ahsolut'-l toda.v, and nmeh of the develo[im< r ins; of the land was done hy hand. Boudnrant took the contrai-t for li Wabash Kailroad with ties. Thomas I conmienced working for ills father a;

per day. so I'ontinuln^ until the lu: ,.

completed, after which he did sod brf;)i.i;'i; <ot neishljorin}; farmers. Tn the meanwhile hv (al- tered 203 acres of land in Piatt Conuty. pa.vlDB flfty cents per acre for it, and later added hy purchase until at the time of his deniiise he owned 1,400 acres In IMii! i - t.iv 2<JS2 acres in Kankakee County. 1 -s in Kan-

sas, Jn addition to Ci ;!ral farm-

"■ ' ■■'■ ■' ''•■■• '• : on raising

n the First imized, Mr

. ....,>..,,,••..■ , ■.,. it;~ estfl'

Tir:.t upcouiiup a iarge srtooKtwfdfr und !'■

president. This office he held until ISK^, wi.-w his health necessitated his relinquishing :Kime ^ f lis I'l^s' ( i.slbilities.

' i.istlan Church of DeLand had member and earnest elder, :r ■ : vi^ry generously toward iti ... ''ollegc had in him one of —e trustees for eight year^"

. I,. rni«P A. !,;-. ^, -..irlMrd of

■■Hit ion

ter orii:

hands, all cf w:: Ills rare charsn > found in any v^ they leave theiv : i i .

localities, and tii> ■. li -

is till- work th.-it ,ncs i.: 'I'elr

as.N-.xiate.';.

BOKN, Henry. ' .urtsting fact that

:i i<ny of the nj( ■ men of aii.v ■ otii-

iiiiiidty ill Illiiin;.- ; fanners, f>M- tliis

■.■cs that thi- . ., : r.,, of (he soli Is i, liable Dcciipalion, uu<J serves as an I'tc.onr ii'iit tn tho.se of the rising generation '.o luvi red this calling. One of the men tSiiis r"! itafiv,. of the b(«t type i-f .Vmeriou.f-ni : y I5orn. of Milmlne. lie was born \u Far Count.N . Ohio. September 25, 1855, ;- -^oi ■ . and Fli/.alieth (Ijenipl Born. Th.' 'atb linrn in Switzerland in isfis 'ind ■■■> i ime to the United States ' .., - ■ ( bounty, Ohio, where he :ilso farmed imtil his (' ri'dicr was born in S^ ■■ died in Fairfield Coir Henry Born wns

schools of Ham'

ing school whi'- in farniirie ■"■

lof.-i

I urinda ,. .-.he was inc the par-

M-'t^-

tlunseJlJ^ubJishmij L. ampan\-

HISTOEY OF PIATT COUNTY.

717

ents ot the foUowiug childreu : Bertha, who married Homer Carter, resides in Cerro Gordo Township; Marjiiiret, who is a teacher iu the schools of Mlhnine, resides at home ; Ella, who is a trained nurse, is employed by the city of Chicago to look after destitute families, and is a graduate of the Hahnemann Hospital of Chi- cago; Aaron M., who is employed by the Wabash Railroad as an electrician, resides with his parents ; Grace, who was a public school teacher for a few years, is now living at home; and Sylvia, who is a graduate of the Milmine schools, is at home. Mr. Born is a member of the Meth- odist Church and active in its good work. In Ijolitics he is a Republican. li'or some years he has been a valued member of Milmine Camp, M. W. A. Having worked hard during the ac- tive years of his life, he has fairly earned the rest he is now enjoying, and he holds the con- fidence and respect of those who know him.

BORN, John, now retired, was for many years an imiwrtant factor iu the agricultural life of Cerro Gowlo Townsliip. He was born in Switzerland. .January 20. 183(3, a son of John and Eliziilietli (Lemp) Born. During his boy- hood he attended the schools of his native land, and Ue also went to school in America for sev- eral months. In 1852 he crossed the Atlantic ocean, being forty-six days on the voyage, the sailing vessel iu which he took passage being a slow one. Upon his arrival in the United States, he went to Fairfield County, Ohio, where his parents who had accompanied him, both died.

In the fall of ISGl John Born enlisted for service in the Ch'il War, in Company F, Seven- teenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was as- signerl to the Army of the Cumberland, and was in many battles under General Thomas. His record is remarkable as he was never either wounded nor taken prisoner, and he was hon- orably discharged in .Tul.v, 1S65.

Mr. Born mo\ed 1 rora Ohio to Indiana in 18C6. where he lived until 1883, then came to Piatt County and bought eighty acres of land in Cerro Gordo Township, that was broken. On it was an old house and a portion of a barn. In 1S9.5 Jlr. Born replaced the old house with a nice new frame one of seven rooms, and rebuilt the barn, as well as built other new buildings as they were needed. His e(iuipment of barns, stables, corn cribs and similar buildings is a good one. and until 190.T he carried on general farming, but since then has hired the farming done for him. In order to drain his land he put in considerable tiling, and in other ways made improvements that added to its value.

On January 24, 1SG7. Mr. Born was married ' to Reglna Brochers. who attended the common schools in Ohio. Their children have been as follows: Catherine, who is Mrs. Melvin Bow- man, of Cerro Gordo Township ; William T., who lives in Macon County, 111. ; Frank, who lives at Hooper, Col. : Emma, who is Mrs. George Lawrence, of Cerro Gordo Township ; Clara, wlio is Mrs. Lawrence Sutherland, of

I'rbana, 111.; Mary, who is Mrs. Charles Gross of Eagle Grove, Iowa ; Lillie, who was born in 188(i. died in 1001 ; and Maurice, who has oper- ated the homestead since 1900.

In politics Mr. Born is a Republican. He served for four years as school director, and also as road commissioner. He is a member of the Methodist Church. For some time Mr. Born has belonged to the Milmine Horse Thief Association which was organized to protect stock dealers against marauding thieves.

BORN, William A., proprietor of the "Lone I'iue Tree Homestead," in Cerro Gordo Town- ship, was born in Willow Branch Township, I'iatt County, HI., July 23, 1869, a son of Fred- erick and Harriet (Bentley) Born, natives of Switzerland, and Wood County, Ohio, respec- tively. In 1852 the father came to the United States with his parents, afterward making the trip by way of New York to Ohio, where set- tlement was made in Fairfield County. On Sep- tember 3, 1861, the father enlisted for service during the Civil War, in Company F, Seven- teenth Ohio ^■oluuteer Infantry, and partici- pated in some of the principal battles of the war. took part in the famous march to the sea under General Sherman, and was In the Grand Iteview at Wa.shiugton. In July, 1865, he re- ceived his honorable discharge, and returned to Wood County. Ohio. On December 22, 1867, he was married to Harriet Bentley, born in Wood County. Ohio, January 25, 1840, a daugh- ter of David and Sarah (Roberts) Bentley, na- tives of New York state and Pennsylvania.

In 1868 Frederick Born came to Willow P)ranch Township. Piatt County, locating on the Jerry Baker farm, where he spent a year. He tlien moved to tlie Frantz place In the same township, and in 1871 bought the fanu in part- nership with his brothers, Ulrieh and Samuel. The farm consisted of 160 acres of raw prairie land on which they ei'ected buildings and made many improvements, and wlien Ulrieh was mar- ried, another eighty acres was addefl, and the land was divided, so that each brother had eighty acres, and Frederick Born secured the homestead. After taking possession, he rebuilt and added to the house, erected new buildings, including barns and corn cribs, and tiled the farm. Iu time he added forty acres of the Hess estate, for which he paid .$42.50 per acre. Still later he and his sons. William A. and David, bousht another 160 acres which the sons oper- ated and paid for. In the fall of 1894 they bought forty acres from L. L. Hubell, making the farm a half section. In 1899 the father retired, and moving to Cerro Gordo, lived there one year only, then went back to the farm to reside with his children, and died in 1905. The mother died In 1S95. Their children were as follows : William A. ; David, who lives in Cerro Gordo Township ; and May. who is Mrs. Daniel Shiveley of Cerro Gordo. 111.

William A. Born was educated in the Centen- nial District school, and as.sisted with the farm work. In 1895 he moved to eighty acres he

718

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY

Wiis liu.vinjj from his fatlier. nud completed pay- ment for it February 19, 11X»2. Tliis continued for fourteen years, and when liis fatlier died lie intierited forty acres of the homestead, and added eighty acres more to his farm. In 1908 he sold his last purchase, made in 1900, and boujjht eighty acres of the homestead from S. M. FuuU, and moved on it in August, 1908, He now owns 2so acres of land which he oper- ates, doing general grain farming, and raising draft hor.scs and mules and cattle. For .some time the farm has been c-;illed the "Lone Pine Tree Homestead."

On March 1?>, lS9o, Mr. Born was married to Hattie Horton, born in Macon County. 111., a daughter of Elcana and Mary ('. (Rucker) Horton. The father was born in Washington County, Tenn., a son of Jesse and Anna (Dikes) Horton of eastern Tennessee. Mr. and Mis. Born have had the following children: Elzie, Gladys. Frederick. I.loyd. Horton. Lynn, Ralph and \Yayne who are deceased, Samuel and Rub.v. In polities Mr. Born is a Republican. He served very satisfactorily as a school direc- tor for three terms. Fraternally he belongs to Milminp Lodge. I. O. O. F.. "Cerro Gordo Lodge. K. P.. .Milniine Oami). .Modern Woodmen of .Vmeric.i. .iml the Oild Fellows Lm-anipment of Moiiticello.

BOWDLE, Francis Asburg, proprietor of the only drug store at Cerro Gordo, is a man who knows Ills liusiiiess thoroughly and is capable of meet- ing the demands and sujiplying the necessities of his community Intelligently and expertly. He was born in Piatt County. May ?,\. 1873. a son of William Hunter and Lucy P. (McDon- ald) Bowdle. natives of Ross County. Ohio, and Armagh. Pa., respectively.

The edncati<inal training of Francis Asburg Bowdle was secured in the pulihc and hlgU schools of his native county, and in a business course at Brown's Business College of Decatur, 111. Later he perfected himself in civil engineer- ing by a course through a correspondence school. In addition to his business connections. Mr. Bowdle is an accountant for telephone and elec- tric light companies, and has back of him the record of having organized two telephone com- panies, one at Divernon, 111., and the other at Cliatham, 111., and is a director of the electric plant at the latter place. In 1910 Mr. Bowdle bought stock in the Cerro Gordo Telephone Com- pany, becoming its secretary and still holds that office. In Decemlier, 1908, Mr. Bowdle bought from .7. C. Loclier the only drug store at Cerro^ Gordo, and has ojierated it ever since, carrying a full and fine stock of drugs, books, stationery and kodaks, and supplies, and has a large trade.

On October 10. 1901. Mr. Bowdle was mar- ried to Mayme Hayes. Iiorn in Bement Town- .ship. a daughter of Henry and Olive (Holm) Hayes, natives of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Bowdle have two children, namely : William H.. and Donald O. Since 1900 Mr. Bowdle has served the Presbyterian Church, of which he is a con- sistent member, as an elder, and stands very

high in the councils of that organization. A strong Republican, he .served six years on the school board, and is interested in securing civic improvement. A Mason in gootl standing he belongs to the Bement Chapter of that order, and is also a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of America, both of Cerro Gordo. A man of varied interests, Mr. Bowdle is never too occupied to give attention to matters which seem to promise a betterment of existing conditions, and he is recognized as being one of the best types of the live, consci- entious business men of Piatt County.

BOWDLE, William Hunter, now living retired at Cerro (Jordo. has had a varied experience and has proven his worth as a man in every wa.v. He was born in Ross County, Ohio. Janu- ary 13, 1841, and was tliere educateil in the I)rimitive log schools. His parents were Francis Aslmrg and Catherine (Willis) Bowdle, natives of Itoss County, Ohio. The mother died in ISCO, and the father brought bis children to Macon County. 111. From this county William Hunter Bowdle enlisted for service during the Civil War. in Company A. One Hundred and Si-X- teentli Illinois Volunteer Infantr.v. on August (i, 1802. and was with General Sherman during the campaign aliout .Vtlanta, and at the Siege of Vicksburg. where on Jlay 19. 1803. he was wounded by a gunshot in the left shinbone, and was so seriously iii.iured that he was in the Overton Hospital at Memphis, Tenn., until Sep- tember 1-"). ISOo. when he was invalided home and was discharged December 20. 1804. on account of disabilit.v. Xotwithstanding his injur.v. he began farming, at first riding a cultivator for the farmers. In 187n he bought 320 acres of land in conjunction with his brother James W. Bowdle, and his father, and cultivated it until 1011. when he sold and moved to Cerro (Jordo. where he has since lived retired. It is reniark- alile how much these veterans of the t'ivil War accomplished after their military service ter- minated. Few if any came out of the conflict without some disability, although fortunately for them only a few suffered as severely as Mr. Bowdle. It is doubtful if the present generation can endure as patieutl.v and surmount obstacles as ilid these heroes of the early sixties.

On December 30, 1809. Mr. Bowdle was mar- ried to Lucy McDonald, born in Indiana County, Pa., a daughter of James and Christiana Mc- Donald, natives of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Bowdle became the parents of the following children : Francis A., who is a druggist of Cerro Gordo, married Mayme M. Hayes, and they have two children. William and Donald; and Jennie, who is Mrs. L. W. Wise of Watseka. 111., and she has two children. Helen and Har- riet. .V conscientious Presbyterian, Mr. Bowdle has served that body as an elder for many years. In politics he is a Republican, and was com- missioner of highways and held other township offices ably and faithfully. A Mason in high standing he belongs to Bement liOdge No. .365, A. F. & .\. M. His war record makes Mr.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

719

Bowdle an huiioied member of the local G. A. R. Post, in the work of which he takes an active part. It wouUl be ditHcult to find a man who enjo.vs more universal esteem than he, and certainly no one deserves the confidence he inspires more thoroughly for he has earned it honorably both in war and peace.

BOWEN, Daniel, a veteran of the' avil War, and one of the substantial residents of Cerro Gordo, is accounted one of the well to do men of Piatt County, Ills ample means having been accumulated through his own efforts. lie was born in Ross County, Ohio, July 2, 1839, a son of William and Area (Ashby) Bowen, natives of Delaware and Ohio. In 1853 these parents set forth in a wagon drawn by two horses for Oak- ley Township. Macon County, 111., bringing with them their three sons. The fatlier bought land in this township and here lived until his death. The mother died in 1843. and the father later married (second) Jane Hood. By his first marriage the father had three sons, namely : Daniel ; John I., who was killed at the siege of Vicksburg ; and James, who died an infant. By his second marriage,' he had one son, Wil- liam H., who lives in Cerro Gordo.

Daniel Bowen had but few educational ad- vantages, but made the most of the instruction given him. In 1S54 he worked as a laborer on the grading work in the construction of the Wabash Railroad. He li^ed at home until he enlisted for service in the Civil War. on August 9, 1862, in Company A, One Hundred and Sixteenth Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry. The I'egiment was sent to Memphis, Tenu.. and then on to Vicks- burg, where he took part in the siege of that city. He was wounded by a gunshot in his . right foot, and was in the hospital for three weeks, but then re.ioined his regiment. Mr. Bowen was in the battles on Lookout Moun- tain, where his regiment ran the blockade, cap- tured the pickets and built a pontoon bridge across the river there. At the battle of Resaea, he was wounded by a gunshot in the calf of his left leg. For six months he was on guard duty at Chattanooga, his service terminating in the Grand Review at Washington, followin.g which he was mustered out, and discharged at Springfield. HI.

Mr. Bowen then returned home, and remained with his father until 1865, when he went to live in a log house in the timber, and had to clear off his land before he could put in a crop. In 1873 he bought land in the northeast corner of Champaign County, but in 1877 returnwl to Piatt Count.v. and bought 160 acres of land two and one-half miles south of Cerro Gordo. This land was improved, and he added to it until he has 340 acres. He paid the highest price paid for Piatt County land in 1803, when he bought an addition to his homestead at .$87.50 per acre. His good .ludgment was justified for this land is now worth over $200 per acre. On October 19, 1901, he left the farm, bought a handsome resi- dence then owned by John S. Kuns in Cerro

Gordo, and has since lived rctiied, renting his farm.

On December 19, 18G5, Jlr. Bowen was mar- ried to Eveline Wells, born in Oakley Town- ship. Macon County, 111.. January 3," 1850, a daughter of Bazzel and Catherine (.Tones) Wells, natives of Ohio and Iventuckv. The grandparents, William and Elizabeth ' (Ander- son) Jones, of Kentucky, were among the earli- est settlers of Oakley Townshiji, Macon County. Mr. and Mrs. Bowen became the parents of tlie following children: Area, who is Mrs. J. W Kuns, of Briughurst, Ind. ; Jenetta, who is Mrs J. H. Hendricks of Hamlet, Ind. ; Jolm I., who resides in Cerro Gordo Township, married Maud Deal; William,- who lives on the homestead married Anna Witter; Harriet, who is Mrs Mendota Peck, of Cerro Gordo; Ella, who is Mrs. Charles Dobson. of Cerro Goi-do Town- shiji; Maud C, who is Mrs. Charles F. Kuns of JIcCool Junction, Neb. ; Nannie, who is Mrs' Everhard Nahrgaug of McCool Junction, Neb • Carrie Eveline, who is Mrs. Jesse .«!outh, of Hammond, 111.; and Mvrtle, who is Mrs Homer Mitchell, of Hammond, 111. Mr Bowen is a Republican and has served in a number of township offices. He be- longs to Cerro Gordo Post Xo. 210, G. A. R. and is as highly respected in it as he is else- where, for he is recognized as a man of inle"- rity and fine character.

BOWEN, William B., owner of 240 acres of fine tarming land in Cerro Gordo Township, is one of the substantial and successful farmers of Piatt Count.v. He was born in Champaign County. 111.. September 22, 1873, a son of Dan- iel and Evelyn (Wells) Bowen. Until he was twent.v-one years old, William B. Bowen at- tended the schools of his home district and assisted his father in the farm work. Upon attaining his majority, however, he began work on his own account by raising corn on thirty acres of his father's farm, and so continued for four .vears. Since then he has been operat- ing the entire farm of 240 acres of as fine grain farming land as can be found in Illinois Mr. Bowen generally divides his crops as fol- lows. 100 acres in cvirn, forty acres in wheat and forty acres in oats, leaving twenty acres for his buildings and one pasture. In all of his operations he utilizes the experience his many years connection with the agricultural interests of the county has given him. and the profitable results must be very gratifying.

On April 15, 1914, Mr. Bowen was married to Anna M. Witter, born in Carroll County, Ind November 18, 1S83, a daughter of George and Mary (Flora) Witter, natives of Indiana. In politics Mr. Bowen is a Republican, and he has been highway commissioner of Cerro (iordo Township since the spring of 1915. The Meth- odist Church of Cerro Gordo holds his member- ship, and he has been one of its stewards since 1913. Fraternally he belongs to Cerro Gordo Masonic Lodge No. fiOO, Bement Chapter No. 65, R. A. M., Decatur Comniandery. K. T.. An.sar

720

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

Shrine, of Siu-iiigfield, aud both he and Mrs. Boweu belong to Cerro Gordo Order of Eastern Star Xo. 173, and he also belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America.

BOWLS, James, was born in Pennsylvania, and came to Unity Township in ISoO and there died. He was married and had nine children, namely : Mrs. William Thompson, Mrs. Frank True, John J., George W.. William W., Rachael, James A. and one who died in infancy.

BOWMAN, Reuben, was born in Pennsylvania, July 4. 15>0i;, and was married in 1S32 to Sarah Bradley, and their children were as follows : Samautha. Julia, Harriet, Mary, George, John, Milton. James Iv. P., and Harrison. For many years Mr. Bowman lived at Monticello where he was held in high esteem. During the Mexi- can War he served his country and received a pension from the government on account of injuries received during that conflict.

BOWSHER, Hiram, one of the honored veterans of the Civil War. now living retired at De Land, is a .substantial man of Piatt County. He was born in W.vandot County, Ohio, August 10, 184.^. a son of Robert and Ann (Clayton) Bowsher, both natives of Wyandot County. Ohio, where they died. They brought up their son to love his country to such an extent that when the time came' to prove it, during the Civil War. he tendered the government his services, en- listing in Company Iv, Fifth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, in the spring of 1S6.5. After being one of General Sherman's brave army in the march to the sea, be participated in the Grand Review at Washington, D. C, receiving his honorable discharge in August, lS(>o.

Returning home after his war service. Hiram Bowsher remained in Ohio luitil the fall of 1868, w-hen, with his parents, he went to the present site of Parnel!, DeWitt County, III., and silent several years. In 1874 he bought eighty acres of land in Goose Creek Township. Piatt County, and at that time the land was all in prairie, so that he had to break the sod. erect suitable buildings for his family and Ptock, and do all the other improvement work neces- sary on a place of that kind. After he had materially increa.sed the value of the farm, he sold it. and coming to De Land, went into partnership with Henry Gantz in a tile and brick factory, which they conducted for three years. For the sulisefjueut few years Mr. Bow- sher operated a dairy and then dosposed of it. In the meanwhile he invested in city property and now owns eleven lots and two residences. For the past few years he has lived in retire- ment.

On February .1. 1874. Mr. Bowsher was mar- ried to Mai-j- Porter, born in DeWitt County. 111., n daughter of James and Elizalieth (T'ptonl Porter, natives of Tennessee and .South Caro- lina. Tlie cliildren of Mr. anil Mrs. Bowsher are as follows: Frona. who is Mrs. Walter Thomas, of .Assumption. 111.: Ira Cooiier. wlio lives at De

I>and : \'rana, who is Mrs. Koy Dewees, of Dun- lap, Mo. ; Iva, who is Mrs. Harry Johnston, of Minneapolis, Minn. ; Gertha, who lives at Kan- s;is City, Mo. ; and Cecil, who lives at home. In religious faith Mr. Bowsher is a Methodist. His political convictions make him a Republi- can.

BOWSHER, Ira C, who lias built up a large and cou.stantly iucreasiug business at De Laud in handling standard makes of automobiles, is one of the men of Piatt County whose success has been honorably earned. He was born at De Land. May 2.j, 1877, a son of Hiram and Mary (Porter) Bowsher, natives of Ohio. They were married in Illinois, and located on a farm four miles south of De Land, in (joose Creek Township, but now reside at De Land, in comfortable retirement.

After attending both the t-ommon and high schools of De Land, and being graduated from the latter, Ira C. Bowsher began his business life, commencing to operate a threshing machine and corn sheller, and this led him into handling agricultural implements, into which line of business he entered in 1903, dealing with the productions of the International Harvester Com- Iiany, and in the Oliver chilled plows. Until 1009 he continued in this line, and then estab- lished a garage business that he broadened by laying in a stock of Rambler automobiles. In the s]iring of lOKi he decided to meet a popu- lar demand by handling Ford automobiles, and is doing a fine business along all lines.

(3n November 27, 1000. Mr. Bowsher was mar- i-ied to Harriet Griffith, born in Farmer City, 111., but reared at De Laud. In politics Mr. Bowsher is a Republican. Essentially a home man. he finds his pleasure there and is not a member of any social organizations.

BOYER, Alexander George, was born in Ohio, August .:>. 1^2.j. and came to Piatt Couuty at an early day. being engaged in farming and school teaching. His death occurred April 11. 18CS. In 1849 he was married in Piatt County to Hannah Duckett and they had eight children, namely : Lenora. Olive. Frank. James, Dolly. Martha. Douglas and Berta.

BRADY, George, was for many consecutive years one of tlie sound and reliable men of Piatt County, and his name is kept green by his family and the friends and associates who knew and appreciated him. Mr. Brady was born In Ohio. December 2."). 1837. a son of John and Sarah (Busey) Brady, natives of Ohio, who became early settlers of Piatt County. 111. Coming to this county, they bought a farm in Monticello Township, where both diefl. Their children were as follows: Ellas. Eliza B. and Mary who are all deceased : Jane, who is the widow of Andrew Best, of Kansas City. Mo. ; George : and Samantha C. who is Mrs. Ephraim Dresbeck. of Monticello Township.

Until .September. 1801. George Brady re- mained with his iiarent.«. having' during boy-

MR. AND ilKS. FREDERICK LIESTMAN

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

721

hood attended the common schools of his native state. At that time he moved on a farm of eighty acres he owned in Montioello Township, Piatt Countj-. 111., ami he kept on adding to his holdings until he owned over 300 acres of land. On it he carried on farming and stocli- raising upon an extensive scale. In 1880 he sold the farm and moved to Mouticello, where he bought seven acres of land .iust outside of the clt.v limits. Mr. Brady displayed much busi- ness entei-prise. This property had a house on it, and he divided the seven acres into lots and erected four more houses. Now there are twenty-one lots with houses on them, on these seven acres. Prior to his death Mr. Brady had disposed of all this property except his resi- dence and the ad.1oining house and lot, now the property of his widow. He died at his residence June 4, 1000. An earnest Christian man, he was a niember of the United ISicthren Church and was a teacher in the Sunday school, and for some time su|ierintendent of the Sun- day school, in which position he was well liked. In politics he was a Democrat, and served in a number of the town olfiees.

On September 12. 1801, Mr. Brady was united in marriage with Mary Dresbeck, born in Boss Comity, Ohio, August .3, 1815, a daughter of John and Mary (Veuson) Dresbeck, the former born August 6, 1812. and the latter in October, 1812. both in Ross County, Ohio. The parents of Mrs. Brady came to Piatt County, 111., In IS.iiS, locating on a farm in Monticello Township, where the father died September 8, 1804, and the mother died January .30, 1800. Their chil- dren were as follows : Mrs. Brady ; Ephraim, of Monticello Township, and Edward, who lives in cliicago. Mr. and Mrs. Brady had the fol- lowing children : Luther, who lives at Desota, Mo. : Meda, who is Mrs. Arthur Maderas, of Monticello. 111. ; Frank, who lives at Peoria, 111. : George, James and John, all of whom are farm- ers of Monticello Township ; lona, who is at home with her mother; Lona. who is Mrs. O. L. Markle. of Monticello: Alma, who lives with her mother: and Charles, who died at the age of twenty-one years.

BRITTENHAM, John, who was born in Boss County. Ohio, located at Monticello in 18.51, and engaged in a real estate business, although i)rior to that he had been a Methodist circuit rider. In 1846 he was married to Martha Harshbarger, and they had two children that grew to matur- ity, namely: Charles K. and William R. In 1858 Mr. Brittenham was married (second) to Sarah J. Funk and they had four children namely: John Richard, Thomas L., Allen O., and Sarah J. During his last years Mr. :^rit' tenhani was engaged in merchandising, and had .iust retired from this line when he died May 28, 1872. Fraternally he was an Odd Fellow. "

BRITTON, John, was born in Pennsylvania and came to Piatt County in 1846, locating near Monticello. where he was engaged in farming until his death, which occurred in 18.56. In

1836 he was married to Jane Graham, and had two children, who survived him, namely : Wil- liam J. and Ella.

BROWN, James, came from Virginia to Piatt County in 1n.j7, and became one of the substan- tial farmers of Goose Creek Township, there residing until his death, which occurred October 22, 1878. In 1844 he was married to Margaret A. Hull, and their children were : Belle, Bettle, Emma, Mollie, J. Hull, Lucy, Ada E., Floyd F., Clara JI., and Olive F.

BRYAN, Thomas Ezekial, now deceased, was

not a resident of Piatt (Vmuty, but his widow has lived at Mansfield for a number of years, and the family name is a well known one in this locality. He was born in Sussex County, Del., August 8. 1823, a son of William and Sarah (Joliiison) Bryan, natives of Delaware. There tliey lived until death claimed them, the father passing away in 1844. The family was then broken up, and Thomas E. Br.van went to Cin- cinnati, Ohio, where he engaged in farming, and he followed the same calling in White County, Ind., where he .spent about a .year, leaving there for Champaign County, 111. There he bought forty acres of land, adding to it until he owned nearly 400 acres, and he lived on this farm until his death, May 14, 1898. His educational training was confined to the dis- trict schools of Delaware, but he was a man of intelligence and keen judgment.

While living in White County, Ind.. Mr. Bryan was niari'ied (first) to Hettie Timmons, who died in Chanipaigu County, 111., in 1852, leav- ing two daughters, namely: Mary Ellen, who became Mrs. James Brown and died in Vermil- ion County, 111.; and Katura, who died in in- fancy. On March 4. 1858, Mr. Bryan was mar- ried (second) to Sarah M. Kimball, born in Perry County, 111.. December 15, 1841, a daugh- ter of George and Hannah (Jones) Kimball, the former of whom was born near Columbus. Ohio, and the latter in Tennessee. The grand- parents of Mrs. Bryan were Moses Kimball, of Ohio, and James and Martha (Haggaitl) Jones, natives of Tennessee. They all came to Perr.v County, HI., and in 1847 n'loved to Champaign County, and there Mrs. Bryan was educated. At the time the Kimball family came to Cham- I>aigu County, the land was in a wild state, and Mr. Kimball broke the prairie with oxen, and Mrs. Kimball dropped the corn in the rows tlnis made, by hand. After the corn was har- vested it had to be hauled eighteen miles to Chami>aign. where it sold from ten to twelve cents per bushel. In order to have their grain ground they had to go to Wabash River," and the trii> took three days going and coming. Many other pioneer conditions prevailed, but they iiro-spered and developed Into fine, sturdy men and women.

Mr. and Mrs. Bryan had the following chil- dren : Everett and George, who live at Wil- liams. Iowa : Charles, who died in Champaign County during 1011 ; Matilda, who lives with

722

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

liei- mother; Dell, who is Mrs. Marion Haines of Webster, Iowa ; Lola, who is Mrs. Ira Men- denhall of Enid, Okla. ; Jesse, who lives in Chanipaisn f«uut.v, 111.; Fred and Frank, twins, who died in infancy; and Harris, who lives in Olianipaign County, 111. There are twenty Krandchildren and seventeen great-srandchil- dren in the family. After the death of Mr. Bryan, Mrs. Bryan moved to Mansfield, which continues to be her home. She owns 27S acres of laud in timber, and lOG acres of land that is in a high state of cultivation iu Champaign County. In February, i'JOl. she bought her present residence, and is now enjoying the com- forts of life.

BUNYAN, Azor, was born in England and died at Bement iu 1874, although for some years piror to that he had been a farmer of Unity Township, having come there in 1SG4. He was married to Catherine Carpenter and their chil- dren were as follows : Mrs. Henry Keller, Al- bert, Mrs. Wallace Davy, Silvester, George, John, Mrs. John Brown, Mrs. Thomas Dtrick- ler, and William. During the Civil War Mr. Bunyan was a sanitary agent of the govern- ment.

BUNYAN, Charles A., actively engaged in a lumber and grain business at Hammond, 111., was born in Ashland County. Ohio, February 24, 1S61, a son of George W. and Eleanor (Dratt) Bunyan, the former l)orn in England June 15, 18.31, and the latter at South Butler. Wayne Countv, N. Y.. June 10, 1829. Mr. Bunyan came to the T'nited States in 183.3. when about two years old, being brought by his ])arents who settled near Fort Wayne, Ind.. where they entered land and developed it from a very wild state, clearing off the timber, and making many improvements. Here the father lived until his death in 1837.

George W. Bunyan was early apprenticed to the tailor's trade and worked at it in Ash- land County until he began to farm. In May, 1864, during the Civil War, he abandoned his peaceful occupation and enlisted in the Ohio National Guards, as a member of Comijany D, One Hundred and Sixty-third Regiment, under Col. Hiram Miller. After a few months of service he was taken sick and sent to the hospi- tal at Fort Pocahontas. Va. In September. ISOi, he was honorably discharged on account of disahility and returned to Ohio where he resumed his farming in Ashland County, there continuing until 1807. In that year he came to Illinois and located in Piatt County, buying 120 acres of land in Unity Township. .\t this time it was all open prairie from Hammond to Bement, with only one house bet«-een the two places. T'ntil Fe'bi-uary 21. 1805. Mr. Bunyan continued to farm this property, making many improvements, and greatly increasing Its value, but on that date moved to a residence he had erected at Hammond, and since then has lived retired. He was among the first settlers of Ham- mond, and has seen many remarkable changes.

The children born to him and his wife have been as follows: Sarah J., who married John McCabe, lives on a farm in Unity Township; John W., who married Jane Wallace, after her death in 1885, married (second) Jane Dobson, and lives in Kansas ; C. A. ; Wilbur W., who married Ruth Shaw, lives in WaBash County, Ind. ; and Margaret E., who married Dayton M. Lincoln, lives with her father at Ham- mond.

C. A. Bunyan attended the common schools fpf I'iatt County at a time when the nearest school was held in a very primitive building i-onstriicted from rough boards, the entire floor space being not more than ](> feet square. His attendance at school was limited to the winter months, and terminated when he was eighteen years old. Until he attained his majority he worked with his father, and then began farming for himself in Unity Township, but in 1891 went to Minnesota and farmed in that state for two years. Moving hack to Hammond, 111., he went into a hardware business with John Bryson, continuing this ."•ssoeiatiou for six .vears, when he began operating a dredge boat. After six years, he entered a lumber business with Earl R. Evans at Hammond, and the firm handles lumber, coal and grain, and have the largest and best equipped lumlier yards in the county, and control a large share of the business in their line. Having spent so many years in Piatt County, Mr. Bunyan naturally has many recollections of the early days, and recalls herd- ing cattle in Unity Township before the rail- roads had gone through Hammond.

On July 25, 1891, Mr. Bunyan was married to Lillie Bernard, who was born in Moultrie County, 111., October 27, 1869, a daughter of Lewis and Mary (Smithers) Bernard. For sev- eral years Mr. Bernard was a shoemaker of Bement, and then moved to Moultrie County where he engaged in farming until coming to Unity Township, Piatt County, where he bought a farm. Mr. I?unyan is a Republican and for the past five years has been president of the board of trustees of Hammond. In addition he has served as a school director for a long period. The Christian Church of Hammond holds his membership. In every respect Mr. Bunyan is a representative man and excellent citizen, and liears his part in the advancement and uplift of his comrauuit.v.

BURGESS, Henry B., owned and improved 360 acres of land in Bement Township, but lived during his later years at Bement. where he died in 1876. He was married to Mary Miller who survived him. Their children were as follows: Mrs. B. B. Bacon, Clark M., Mrs. James Webster, and Grow.

BURNS, John H., was born in Maryland January 10, 1S4S, and he came to Piatt County about 1874, at which time he bought 212 acres of land in Blue Ridge Township. On Decem- ber 21, 1870 he was married to Rebecca A. Petry, and they had the following children :

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

723

Mrs. David P. Smith, William, Corda, Irene, Amy R., Ida Blanche, Catherine R. and Charles L. Mr. Burns died April 25, 1SS7, on his farm.

BURR, Mrs. Sydney Amelie, one of the honored residents of Bemeut Township, is the widow of a Piatt Count.v man of well known charac- ter, Amos Shelton Burr, tor nuiny years a sub- stantial agriculturalist of this same township, but now deceased. Mrs. Burr was born in Rap- ides Parish. La., in October, 1855, a daughter of Samuel L. and Anna (Voorhies) Compton, the former born in Louisiana in July, 1824, and the latter in the same state in 1826. The father was a planter and a man of means. Mrs. Burr was etlucated at Bonham Female Seminary, St. Louis, and spent two years at Christian College at Columbia, Mo., and is well informed upon current matters. In December, 1882, she was married to Amos Shelton Burr, a son of Fred- eric and Mary (Burke) Burr, who was born at Bridgeport. Conn.. February 20, 1848.

The educational training of Mr. Burr was re- ceived in the common and high schools of Bridgeport, Conn., and after he left school he went into a commission business at Bridge- port, and conducted it for several years. In February, 1S80, he came to Illinois, locating at Bement, and took charge of the Bodman land which, at that time, comprised many thousands of acres. After running this land for a short time, Mr. Burr went into partnership with Mr. Bodman, this association continuing for a time, when Mr. Burr bought of his partner and other parties, 640 acres. This land he operated the remainder of )iis life, adding to it from time to time luiti! when he died, he owned 1,500 acres in Bement Township. His death oc- curred June 2.3. 1911, awl in his passing his conmiunity lost a valued citizen and public- spirited man.

The children of Mr. and Mrs. Burr were as follows : Ellen Voorhies, who marrietl Ran- dolph Simpson, and resides at New Orleans, La.; Aimee Shelton. who is at home; .■Vmelie Compton. who married Franeies Mauierre, and resides at Chicago; and Mary F. Gordon, who lives at home. During liis lifetime Mr. Burr was very active in his agricultural operations and many of the methods lie inaugurated or approved, have been adopted by others, and the standard of eflicieney he set is being maintaine<l by those who come after him.

BUSH, 0. P., Avho for years was engaged in carpentering at Monticello. was born in Ohio in 1S29, and came to the county seat in 1S53, there acquiring city property. In 1851 he was married to Barbara J. Clark and they had four children, three of whom grew to maturity, namely : William .J., Maria J., and Charles W.

BUSHEE, Jesse, now deceased, but for many .years an honored resident of Piatt County, and a man who proved his worth as a soldier and citizen, was horn in Pickaway County, Ohio, Sep- tember 11. 1840. a son of Jacob and Elizabeth

Busiiee. the former of whom was a native of Pennsylvania. The mother died in Ohio, and the father after her death, came to Piatt Connt.v, 111., arriving here in 1856. Jesse Bushee assisted his father in his farming during his 1)oyhood, and then hired out to neighboring farmers by the month, so continuing until he enlisted for service during the Civil War. for three months. After his discharge, he re-en- listed on June 13, 1862, in the Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and received his second discharge June 21, 1865, with the rank of cor- poral. During all his service he was never wounded or taken prisoner, but endured many severe hardships and privations.

After his return home, he began farming on his own account, in Sangamon Township, this county, living with a sister until his marriage, which took place September 2, 1866, when he was united with Matilda Jane Teats, born in Ross County, Ohio, March 27, 1849, a daughter of Mathias and Mary (Pufflnbarger) Teats, born in Ross County, Ohio, who came to Piatt County •in 18.56. Mr. and Mrs. Bushee became the par- ents of the following children : Mary Eliza- beth, who died in infancy ; Carrie, who is Mrs. .lohn Co.x of De Land, 111. ; Estella, who lives with her widowed mother ; and Ralph W., who is a dentist of Monticello. Mr. Bushee belonged to the United Brethren Church, of which he was a trustee, and his widow is a member of the same congregation. In politics he was a Repub- lican. After a long and useful life, Mr. Bushee died September 20, 1915. Hard working and thrifty, he accumulated a fair competency, and also gained and retained the confidence and respect of all wlio knew him.

BUSHEE, Ralph W., D. D. $., one of the able and skilled representatives of the dental profes- sion of Monticello has been rewarded by the acquisition of a fine practice and tlie confidence and esteem of his communit.v. He was born at White Heath. 111., April 21, 1887, a son of Jesse and Jane (Teats) Bushee, the former born at Circleville. Ohio, and the latter at Delphos, Ohio. Tlie paternal grandparents, Jacob and Mary (Gettings) Bushee were early settlers of Piatt County, to which they came about 1857. The ])arents married and located on a farm at White Heath. 111. During the Civil War, the tatlier enlisted for service in defense of his coniitry. and after the expiration of his three months' enlistment, re-enlisted in Comiiany C, One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and continued in it until the close of the war. Returning to White Heath, he con- tinued to farm until 1894. when he retired to Jlonticello. there living until his death, Septem- l)er 20, 1015. The mother survives.

Dr. Bushee attended the Urbaina High school and Normal school and then for two years he taught school. Following this he attended the Northwestern University at Chicago, and was graduated from its dental deiiartment in June, 1011. Immediately thereafter he established himself at Monticello. and has become one of

724

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

the leading practitioners at the county seat. On June 24. 1914, Dr. Bushee was married to Bes- sie E. Fitswater, born in Goose Creek Town- ship, Piatt Count.v, a daughter of James H. and Elenor (Barnes) B^itsvvater. Dr. Bushee belongs to the United Brethren Church. In politics he is a Republican. Fi-aternally he Is a Mason, belonging to the Monticello Chapter of that order ; the White Heath Lodge of Odd Fellows ; and the ^Miite Heath Camp of the Modern Wood- men of America. Tlioroughly trained, and com- jjetent in his line. Dr. Bushee commands a large and constantly increasing practice, and deserves the success whicli has attended his efforts.

CALDWELL, Alvin Lewis, at one time one of the heaviest landowners of Piatt County, but now deceased, was a mau who is kindly remem- bered by those who had the honor of his ac- quaintance, although death claimed him .some years ago. He was born in Mercer County, Pa., December 10, 1830, a son of Charles and Har- riet (Johnson) Caldwell, natives of Pennsyl- vania and Connecticut. The grandparents on the paternal .side were Charles and Isabel (Mor- rison) Caldwell. The iiarents of Alvin I^ewis Caldwell came as f.ar west as ^^'yandot County. Ohio, where the mother died. The father went to Henry County. Ohio, where he died in 1S72.

Ill the fall of ls4,s .\lvin Lewis Caldwell, who had been reared and educated in Ohio, came to Illinois, and worked among the fai-mers of Piatt County until he aceumulatetl sufficient money to invest in .-in eighty-acre tract of land. .\ little later be bought a farm of eighty acres near Lodge. For a nuiiiber of .vears he and his brother-in-law. Felix JIadden, were in partner- ship, which as.^ociation tcrniinated in ISSO. when Mr. M.iddeii die<l. .Mr. Caldwell added to his holdings until he bad a homestead of .""iSO acres. Subsequently be bought a new homestead of 300 acres, but retained his old farm, and kept on imi)rQViiig both proiierties and erected build- ings upon them, until be bad very niatcrinll.v increased their value. In the meanwhile be did not stop his investments in farm lands, buy- ing additional acreage until be owned 2,lf)0 acres, a portion of which he rented out, and cultivated the remainder. He was a heavy feeder and raiser of cattle, horses and ho£s. On December 18. lOn.",. bis useful life w,-is ter- minated l>.v death.

On Xoveniber 22. IS.'T. Mr. Caldwell was mar- ried to Mary Kli'/.a Ma(hlen, born in Ohio. .\in:- u.st 2r,, ls:^.2. a daUL'bter of John S. and Elizabeth (West) iladilcii, n.-itivcs of Oliin. who in isn." came to Piatt County, and entered a larire trart of land. The mother of ilrs. Caldwell ilyini;-. Mr. Madden ma_rried a second time, and nioveil t(i Mnnt'.'omerx Cimnty. K.is., where he became rbe owner of .-i large amount of land. Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell lecame the iiarents of the fol- lowing' (bildren : John Charles, who died at the aue of si\- years: Harriet Elizabeth, who died at the age of four years: L,-iura .May Bell, who is livini; with bi'v iimtlier on the iKimcstead ;

Grace Ellsworth, who married William Nicholas Tatman, who was horn in Wilson County, Kas. ; and .\lviii I^ewis, Jr,, who died in 1907, aged thirty-nine years. The large holdings of Mr. Caldwell are contnilled by Mrs. Caldwell and her two daughters. Mr. Caldwell was a Republican in politics.

CAMPBELL, James E., was born in Koss County, Ohio, and located in Sangamon Town- ship, later moving to what was known as the John Piatt farm in Monticello Township. He was married to Xancy J. Gipsou, and among their children were the following : Mary Alice, George W., Permelia Catherine, Ruth, Theodore, Emma, .\llen, Eva and Robert.

CAMPBELL, John H., one of the enterprising and successful men of Piatt County, residing at De Land, has proven in his life and work that agriculture pays as a business. He was lioru at Winterset. Iowa, June 19, 1856, a son of Joseph A, and Margaret J, (Wood) Campbell, natives of Pennsylvania and Illinois, who were married in Iowa. A contractor and builder, the father moved aliout considerably, executing his con- tracts, and was in Texas and Pennsylvania, and after the Civil War went to Audrain County, Mo,, and remained until 1867. In that year he moved to Virden, 111., ami there lived until he came to De Land, in the fall of 1881, where he died May 14, 191.".. The mother died in 1899. John H. Campbell has a sister younger than himself. Mary Eveline, who is the widow of ('. S. JlcCurry and lives at (Isagus. Minn., these two constituting the family of children born to their parents.

John H. Campbell was educated in the com- mon and high schools of Virden. 111. For the first five years of his business life he was with liis father, tlien liouu'bt 2ii(i acres of land in (Joose Creek Township, this county, all of which was unbroken prairie land, .\fter he had iui- l;roveil It thoroughly, putting in tiles and erect- ing the iiecc'ssary bnililiiigs, in 1908 he sold this farm and bought l.ind to the extent of 420 acres suitable for stock farinin:; in Marinette County, Wis., and :',."..'i acres in Dunn County, Wis., tlie former ol which be rents. ,ind the latter he conducts himself.

On January 2. l.Ns:;. Mr. Campbell was inar- liod to Jennie JI. Lynch, liorn at Girard, III,, .1 danu'hter of Alfred and Elizabeth (Bristol) L.vncli, n;itives of Kentucky and Illinois. In religious faitli Mr. Campbell is a Methodist. In politics he is a Reiiublican and served as super- \isiir of Goose Creek Towiishi|> for two terms. .uid held other townshiji othces, jiroving him- self .1 faithful olbcial as he always has a good business man. On .March 1. l!Ki8. he became cashier of the First .Nathaial Bank of De Land, holding that position two years, and was also a stockholder in the bank.

CANTNER, D. G., is rcmcmberea bv the older residents of Monticello for his .services as ex- press agent. He was born in Pennsylvania, and

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IlISTORV OF PIATT COUNTY.

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CAtr'WKI L, Alvin Lewis, at one time one of (iu iilowners of I'iiitt Cnuut.V, liut

no .i.s a man who is kindly reniein-

lie;- "ho had the honor of his ac-

iin;:: :ii.:ii' ' . ;ililiougli death claimed liiin .some yi:iis airo He was iKirn in Mercer Connty, Pa., iiecemlicr 10. ls:;0. a son of iharles and Har- riet (.Iii)inso!i) Caldwell, natives of I'enns.vl- vania and (dniu'cticut. The xrandpa rents on the i>aternal side were Charles and Isabel (Mor- rison) Caldwell. Tlie parents of Alvin r*wis Caldwell came as far west as Wyandot Comity. Ohio, where the mother died. The father went to Henry Connty. Ohio, where he died in 1S72.

In the fall of ]S4,s Alvin Lewis Caldwell, who li.id been reared and edncated in Ohio, came to Illinois, and worked anions the farmers of I'iatt Connty until he accumnlated sufficient money to invest in an eighty-acre tract of land. .V little later be honght a farm of eighty acres near Lodge. Kor a minibev of years lie and his brotlier-in-law, Felix Madden, were in partner- ship, which association terminateil in bsSP. when .Mr. Madden ditnl. Mr. Caldwell added to his

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On November 22. 18r>7. .Mr. laliiuch \,a-. ... .: ried to Mnry V'Jr/.n Madden, born in Ohio. .\uu- ust 2."i. 1S.'!2. a dangliter of .Tobn S. and F.li/.abeth (West) Madden, natives of Ohio, who in 1.'<3n came to I'iatt Connty. and entered a large tract of laiKl. The mother of Mrs. Caldwell dying, Mr, M;i<lden ii»irr:ed a second time, and moved to .Montironiery'Coiiiit.v. Kas., where he liecame the owner of ;i large iimoiint of land. Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell I .'I'anie tlie parents of the fol- lowing ehildren : .lohn Charlos. wlio died at the age of six years; Ihirriel Kliin'cth. Who dlwl at the age of four years; l.aiirt. May Bell, who is living with her mother on ihi- homestead;

crac-e Kllsworth, who married William Nicholas Tatjiian. who was horn in Wilson County, Ka.s. : and Alvin Lewis, Jr., who died iu 1907, aged thirty-nine years. The large holdings of My. t'aULve'l are controlled by Mrs. Caldwell and her t'"' ' •' ' .Mr. Caldwell was a Republican

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moved to Virden, III., and there mci unui ue came to De Land, in the fall of JS.S1. where he died May 14. l!)ir,. The mother died in 1890. .lohn H. Camiibell has a sister yi.nnger than himself, Mary Eveliiu\ who i.- tbe widow of C. S. McCurry and lives at Os.igiis. Minn., these two ((instituting the family of children born to their jiarents.

John II. Campbell was educated in the coui- iiion and high .schools of Virden. III. For the first five years of his business life he was with his father, then b<aiilit 2(Ki acres of land in Otiose Creek Township, this county, all of which was unliroUen prairie land. .Vfter he had iui- |.r'>v<«.| it tlmroughly. putting in tiles and erect- ing the necessary buildings, in I'.lOs he sold this farm and. bought land to the extent of 420 acres snitablf. for stock farming in Marinette County. d :>:i."i acres in IHnin I'ounty. Wis., the .1 which be rents, and the latter he

lim.self. unary 2. 'iSS'.',. Mr. Campbell w;i .icniiie M. Lynch, liorn at Gi.'-: -i'cr of .\lfred and Fliicnhpffi

' i..i . natives of Kenfiu'; , '

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visor of Ooose Creel " ,

and held otiur to\. self a fnltlifol .>tt'r! business cashier holdint: : .sioc! Icil.l. 1 1. ..-lliiv.

CANTMER, D. G.. i r(>8idents of Montici .i-; .x

press agent. Ile«:i .iijji, and

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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

725

came to Jlonticello in 1S74 as agent for the road then known as the Chicago & Padueah Rail- road. In 1S64 he was married to Lettie M. Johnson, and they had tliree children, namely : Grace, Jennie and Charlie. During the Civil War he served in a Pennsylvania regiment.

CARBERRY, Denison Edwin, who for a number

(if years was one of tlu> leading business men of MansHeld, is now (U'coased. hut the record of his life and what he accmniilislied Is worthy a place in a volumie of this nature. He was l)orn on Long Island, X. Y.. in April, 1839. \Mien he was thirteen years old he .ioined an uncle in Wisconsin, and spent two .vears in that state, leaving to go to Chicago. In that village, later to become the metropolis of the west, he herded cattle in what is now one of the congested portions of the city. In the meanw'hile he attended school whenever the opportunity offered. When the Civil War broke upon the country he felt that his services were required, and enlisted at Sandwich, 111., in company with Dr. Marriani, in the Thirty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of his enlistment. Following this he re-enlisted a.i assistant surgeon for a ninety days' service. After liis second honorable discharge he went into a drug business at Sandwich, 111., but three years later became the traveling rep- resentative for Sears & Wade, handling all kinds of notions. Within four years more, he once more went into a drug business, this time at Secor, 111., but after five years, sold it and on January 2. 1878. located at Mansfield, 111., where he continued in the drug business until 1895, at which time he retired and so lived until his death. January 4, 1905.

On Decenilier 28, 1871, Mr. Carberry was married at Buckley, Iroquois County, 111., to Emily Dunbar, born in L.vcoming County, Pa., a daughter of John N. and Sally Ann (Batcher) Dunbar, natives of Xew York state who in 1854 came to Ir(i<iuois County, 111., and there engaged in farming until death claimed them, she dying in March, 187.1. and he in 1898. Since the death of her husband, Mrs. Carberr.v has lived in her home at Mansfield. Mr. and Mrs. Carberry became the parents of the following children : Ray S., who lives at Imperial, Cal.. is superin- tendent of the California Development Com- pany ; Roy E.. who died in August, 1907, aged thirty-three years ; and Mabel, w-ho is engaged in a music store at Los Angeles. Cal. Mrs. Car- berry attended the district schools for her native county. In religious faith she is a Methodist. Mr. Carberry served as president of the town board of Mansfield two terms, being elected on tlie Republican ticket.

CARLIN, Daniel. The records of Piatt County show that many representative men of this section liave .already ]iassed to their reward. Iiut much they accomiilished of good in life re- mains, and serves to benefit those who come after them. One of these men was the late Daniel Carlin, one of the countv's most re-

spected men. He was liorn in County Tyrone, Ireland, March S, 1884. He was a posthumous child, his father dying before he was born, and had the misfortune to lose his mother when lie was two .years old, .so that all he accom- plished was attained through his own efforts.

In boyhood Daniel Carlin came to Xew York, and in 185G reached Piatt County. Here he worked as a farm hand until he was able to engage in farming on his own account, and he so continued until he felt the stir of jiatri- otism for his adopted country, and enlisted on August 11, 1802, in Company E. One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, for service during the Civil War. He was taken jirisoner by General Morgan during one of the famous raids of that Confederate commander, and was held for eight months. During his army service he participated in the campaign of .Atlanta, the battles of Nashville and Frank- lin and .several others.

Upon the close of his term of enlistment, he came back to Piatt County and for the following few .years worked at Monticello. The first land owned by Mr. Carlin was a farm of 120 acres, and at the time he bought it, there were no improvements on the raw prairie, and no trees for miles about. With characteristic energy he set to work, and in time developed a fine prop- erty. To his original purchase Mr. Carlin added thirty -eight acres, there being IGO acres in all, located in Bement Township, which is now rented from Mrs. Carlin by her sons. In 1896 Mr. Carlin bought five acres of land just east of Bement, on which he built a beautiful resi- dence, and in it he resided until his death, October 5, 1914, having lived there from 1898. It is now the home of "Mrs. Carlin. The prem- ises have becji imjiroved by the planting of trees and shrubs, and the house is supplied wiMi modern conveniences.

On February 20, 1884, Mr. Carlin was mar- ried to Elizabeth Coogan, born at Chicago, 111., Septemlier 17, ISCil, a daughter of Martin and Bridget (Wlialen) Coogan. Mr. Coogan was a native of Tipperary, Ireland, and came to the United States when quite young, and was here married. He was a farmer all his life. Mr. and Mrs. Carlin became the jiarents of the following children : Mary, who is Mrs. Sanuiel F. Shay, of Bement Township; .Vnna, who is Mrs. Irving Bogue, of Bement Township ; Cath- erine, who is Mrs. Orville Rucker. of Bement, 111. : and Adella, Margaret. Elizabeth, Daniel, John and Ellen who are liring with their mother. Mr. Carlin was a consistent member of St. SHchael's Catholic Church, as are his family. He did not definitely attach himself to any political party, but cast his vote for the man he beiieved best fitted for the office in question.

CHICHESTER, Andrew J., whose success as a farmer and worth as a man entitle him to a place in a book of this nature, was born at Parkershurg. W. Va., October 8. 1865. He worked on ;i farm as soon as old enough to be-

726

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

come self supijortiug. and then became a tool dresser for oil well ilrUlers, in the oil regions. In 1907 he came to Illinois and spent some time in the oil <listricts of this state. Following his marriage in 1910, Mr. Chichester found employ- ment for his abilities and energies m conducting the 140 acres of laud owned by his wife, in con- junction with 120 acres of laud owned by her mother. Since taking hold of this property he has made a number of improvements and his methods show that he understands his work.

On Deeem'lier 22. 1910. Mr. Chichester was married to Ida Wagner, widow of Noah Wagner, and born in Macon County, 111., a daughter of John and Catherine (Knus) Blickenstaff. Xoah Wagner was born in Macon County, and was a son of John and Barbara Wagner. After his marriage in 1SS7, Mr. Wagner was engaged "in farming in Macou County for two years, and then in 1889 came to Cerro Gordo, where he was employed by the Metzger grocery store. His death occurred October (j, 1003, leaving one son, Lynu, who was born January 23, 1807, who is now attending Mt. Morris College. Mrs. Chi- chester was educated in the public schools of Cerro Gordo. Mrs. Chichester's mother is still living in her seventy-fourth year, but her father died November. 11, 1915. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cliiehester are members of the Church of the Brethren. In politics Mr. Chichester is a Demo- crat. A man of high principles, hardworking and thrift.v, he stands well in his community, and deserves the progress he has made.

CLARK, Alfred, who was born in Kentucky in 1S17, came to Piatt County in 1S70, and became a prosperous farmer on eighty acres in Unity Township. He was married to Mary E. Chevis who died, leaving two children, namely : Mrs. Benjamin Upham, and John H. Mr. Clark was married (second) to Nancy A. Tontman and their children were as follows : Charles A., Thomas, Henry Clay, Francis, William E., Mrs. Thomas Killian. Alfred, Mary N. and Jennie D.

CLARK, William, who for a quarter of a century was known as an industrious and energetic farmer of Piatt County, has long since passed away, but his name is still preserved by his widow and son. well known and highly esteemed residents of Montieello. Mr. Clark was born in England, and was a lad when brought to America by the Gulllford family, being engaged in farmiuij up to the time of his marriage.

On January 29. 1880. William Clark was mar- ried to Mrs. Mary Elizalietli (Famullner) Min- ier, the widow of Rev. Simiuol Minier, a Meth- odist Episcopal minister, who had three children by a former marriage, all of whom are deceased. By her first marriage Mrs. Clark had four chil- dren : Sarah Ann, who is the wife of Frank Piatt, of Montieello: Penelope, who is the wife of William Piatt, also of Montieello ; Angel- etta, who married George Music, both being deceased ; and Samuel, who is deceased. Mrs. Clark resided in Ross County, Ohio, until her first husband's death, follbwing which she

brought her children to Piatt County, 111., and located on a farm of 130 acres in Montieello Township. Here she met and married Mr. Clark, and they became the parents of five children, namely : Sherman, who is a resident of Iowa ; John, who lives with Jiis mother at Montieello and looks after her business affairs ; Charles ; Francis ; aud an infant, who is de- ceased. Mr. and Mrs. Clark added to their farm holdings until they had a handsomely cultivated proiJerty of over 300 acres, which Mrs. Clark still owns, and on which they re- sided until their retirement, when they moved to Bemeut. There Mr. Clark passed away. In 188o Mrs. Clark rented her land aud bought a property at Montieello, on which she erected a handsome modern residence, in which she still makes her home. Mrs. Clark is one of the highly esteemed ladies of Montieello and has been active and helpful in the work of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

CLASS, James, was born in New -Jersey in 1822, and came to Piatt County in 1855, becoming one of the early blacksmiths of Montieello. He was married in 1S50 to Whoeba Hennion, and their children were as follows : Asa, Sarah, Jane, Clara, Ella, Amanda, and Willie. James Class held the ofiiees of .school director, school trus- tee and town marshal, and was a very worthy man. Fraternally he was a Mason.

CLINE, Corria 0., who lias the distinction of being the only osteopathic physician in Piatt County, may be numbered among the men who have labored with fruitful results in bringing the public to a realization of the value of his .science. Doctor Cline was born at Wliite Heath, 111.. December 28. 1875, and is a son of J. H. and Josephine (Knott) Cline.

The imblic schools of his native place fur- nished Doctor Cline with his early education, following which he attended the Normal school at Di.xon. He next took siJecial work prepara- tory to teaching, and at the age of twenty-two years entered that vocation, of which he re- mained a devotee for two years. In 1900 he went to Kirksville. Mo., where in September he entered the School of Osteopathy, from which he was duly graduated after a course of two years. Returning to Montieello, 111., he was en- gaged in jn-actice for three .years, and then re- turned to Kirksville for one year of post-gradu- ate work. He then practiced for another year, and in order to further himself speut one .vear in study at the Hering Medical College, at Chi- cago. Since that time he has been engaged in practice at Montieello. where he has built up a large and representative clientele. The many cures attributable to Doctor Cline's abilities and talents in complicated cases of long standing, have gained him a reputation that extends far be.vond the limits of his immediate field of activ- it.v. His professional standing is of the highest, and as a citizen he has helped to forward prog- ress in civic affairs. Politically he is a Republi- can, while his fraternal connection is with the

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

727

Blue Lodge, Chapter ami Council of the Masonic order, the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of America. He is a member of the Presb.vteriau Church.

On December 20, 1900, Doctor Cline was mar- ried to Miss Pearl Martin, who was born at Bement. 111., daughter of Charles Martin.

CLINE, Ezra, was born in Ohio in an early day, and came to Piatt County in 1839. In 1S54 he was married to Mrs. Eliza (Williams) Ater, and they had five children to attain to maturity, namely : John T., .Jacob C, Sarepta C, Joseph D., and Mary M. Mr. Cline died in 1S77.

CLOW, Berlyn, who is connected with the busi- ness interests of Monticello is engaged as a hard- ware dealer at the county seat. He was born at Cisco, 111., in 1881, a son of G. H. and Jennie (Kistler) Clow, natives of Post Oak, 111., and Fairfield County, O., respectively. They were married in Illinois and located on a farm near Cisco, but in 1S99 moved to Monticello. There the father eml^arked in a hardware business, but later traded it for a livery business, which he, in conjunction with another son, Lewis Clow, is conducting at present.

After attending the grammar and high schools of Jlouticello, Mr. Clow was graduated from the latter, and then began his business career as a hardware merchant. For the past three years he has been engaged in this line of endeavor, and has built up a jinifitable trade, which shows a liealthy and steady increase annually.

On November 11, 1908, Mr. Clow was married at Monticello, to Eva L. Woollington, born at Monticello, in 1889, a daughter of A. V» Wool- lington, who has been in the monument business at Monticello for about thirty years. Mrs. Wool- lington died when Mrs. Clow was four years old. Mr. and Mrs. Clow ha\e had three children as follows: Elizalietli. xj^io was liorn July 1."). 1913; George Vinson, who was horn Sejitenilier 1, 1915, and one unnamed infant, who died March 10, 1912. Fraternally Mr. Clow belongs to the Mod- ern Woodmen of America. In politics he is a Republican. Both Mr. and Mrs. Clow belong to the First Methodist Church, of Monticello. "and are held in high esteem by their fellow members.

CLOW, Lewis, whose activities have led him into several avenues of endeavor, is now conduct- ing a livery stable at Monticello, and making a success of this undertaking as he has of his other enterprises in the past. He was born near Cisco, this county. September 22, 1877, a son of G. H. and Jennie (Kistler) Clow, the former of whom was born near Post Oak, Fayette County, 111., and the latter in Fairfield County, Ohio. They were married in Illinois, and settled on a farm in the vicinity of Cisco. In 1899 removal was made to Monticello, where the father em- barked in a hardware bu.siness, and conducted it for three years when he traded it for a livery business, the only one in the city, and later he took his son Lewis as a co-partner. The firm has a co-operative delivery system which was started .\pril 8. 1912. by Berlyn Clow, who had

.•mother livery business. The object of this sys- tem is to deliver groceries and otlier merchan- dise, and to make these deliveries the firm owns four automobile cars. There are eighteen horses, four delivery wagons, two e.xpress wagons, two carriages, two storm buggies, ten single rigs, four cabs and one farm wagon in the equipment.

Lewis Clow attended the district schools and tlie Monticello High school, after which he went to Brown's Business College. He then went to Neln-aska and worked at ranching for eight years, having charge of the ranch for two years of this period. Upon his return to Illinois he traveled for six months, and then was agent for the United States E.xpress Company at Cham- paign, 111., for a year. For the next fifteen months he conducted a poultry business, and then went into his father's business, and has since then devoted his entire time to its interests.

On August 10, 1897, Mr. Clow was married to Dollie A. Adams, born at Minier, 111., a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Johnson) Adams. Mr. and Mrs. Clow have no children of their own, but they have an adopted son. William \'erner, who was born February 1, 1911, to whom they are giving loving ])arental care.

In religious faith Mr. Clow is a member of the Christian Church, in which he is president of the board of elders, and he is al.so a trustee of the church. Since the spring of 1915 Mr. Clow has been a constable, and is proving him- self an efficient man for the oflice. His fraternal relations are with the Knights of Pytiiias and the Modern Woodmen of America.

COFFIN, Nelson G., M. D., who was born in North Carolina in 1820, came to Piatt County about 18-17, and settled at Monticello. In 1848 he was married to Phoebe D. Johnson and they had three children, namely : Eugene and two who died in childhood. Dr. Coffin was grad- uated from the Medical College of Ohio, and liegan his practice in Vermilion Countv, Ind., in 184.3. From August, 1802, to July, 1865, he served in the Union Army during the Clivil War, as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry.

COFFIN, William D., a successful operator in real estate, a veteran of the Civil War and a man whose probity is generally recognized, is one of the leading business men of Bement. He waa l)orn in Vermilion County, Ind., near Newport, January 22, 1842. a son of Berkley P. and Nar- cissus (Davidson) Coffin, natives of North Caro- lina and Indiana. They were married in Indi- ana, where the father carried on blacksmithing and farming. The mother died when William D. was a lad, and the father married Elizabeth .\rnott. In the spring of 1858 the family came to Illinois, locating in Bement Township, Piatt Count.v, where the father bought a farm, there carrying on farming luitil his death in Decem- ber, 1860. His widow later married again, but is now deceased. There were two children by the first marriage, namely : William D., and .\nn who is now deceased. He had two children

728

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

by liis last iiiMiruist'. namely ; Wiley, who lives in New York state; and I'erry wlio is deceased. William D. Coffin attended tlie scliools In liLs district and was tauglit farming by his father, and following the latter's death, he conducted the homestead until his enlistment for service during the Civil War. on August 7. 1802, in Com- pany D, Seventy-third Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, and was sent to Camp Butler, where the regiment was assigned to the Twentieth Army Corps, in Gen. Phil Sheridan's division. At the battle of Missionary Itidge. Mr. Coffin was wounded by a gunsiiot through the left arm, having already a slight wound in the right hip received at the battle of Chickamauga. After recovering from his wounds at home, having been given a furlough, Jlr. Coffin rejoined his regiment in April, 18(i4, and was sent on the .Atlanta campaign, being in the Fourth Army Corps, under General Thomas. After partici- pating in the battle of Franklin the command went to Nashville, where it was re-enforced and then drove General Hood from Tennessee. Dur- ing the winter the command was in camp at Huntsville, Ala., but on March 1. 1865, moved on Greenville, and there remained until after the death of President Lincoln. He was mus- tered out June 12. ISO.j, at Nashville. Tenn., and returned to Camp Butler, where he was dis- charged.

Mr. Coffin then went to Indiana and resumed farming, remaining until October 1. of that year, when he returned to Bement Township, bought a farm, and since then has made Piatt County his place of residence. He is a large dealer and trader in real estate, and in 189<i moved to Bement to oiierate upon a broader scale. His residence is a very tine one. and he owns property in eastern Indiana and a large tract in Bement Township, in all something like 700 acres.

On September I.'!. 1.S(i."i. Mr. Coffin was mar- ried to Mary Holtz. Iiorn in Vermilion County, Ind., a daughter of .Tobn and Lavina (Whipple) Holtz, natives of New England states. Mr. and Mrs. Coffin became tlie parents of the follow- ing children : Eva. who is Mrs. Albert Harsh- bargar. of Danville. 111. ; Harry and Homer, twins, the former liring at Bement, the latter deceased ; Edward, who is deceased ; William, who died in infancy ; Emma, who is deceased ; and Bessie and Fred who are both at home. Mr. Coffin is a Methodist, and active in pro- moting church work. He served as townshiji supervisor for two terms, assessor for one term, was road cojumissioner and held other offices, being elected on the Republican ticket. The local Grand Army of the Republic Post holds his memberslii|i.

COLE, Ben, whose experiences have been some- what varied, is one of the successful farmers of Goose Creek Townshi)i. He was born in Bement Township. Piatt County. 111.. March 7. 1872, a son of Sam and Catherine (McGuire) Cole, natives of Pike County, 111., and Ireland. The grandparents were Eli.lah and Sarah Cole.

natives of Kentucky and Ohio, and .lames Mc- (iuire, and all were early settlers of Illinois. The [larents after marriage located on a farm in Bement Township, where the mother died in ]88<!. The father survives and lives with his children.

Ben Cole attended the public schools of Piatt County until he was fifteen years old when he began working among the neighlioring farmers by the niouth. In 18!i3 he went on a farm in Henry County. III., but five years later returned to Piatt County, and for five years more con- tinued his agricultural work in Monticello Town- ship. Being appointed superintendent of the poor farm of Piatt County, he served faithfully as such until the spring of 1913. when be moved to a farm of 2.55 acres of land in Goose Creek Township, 100 acres of which are under culti- vation, and the balance in pasture. Here he carries on general farming and stock raising, .ind has been very succes.sful in his work.

In January, 18.93, Mr. Cole was married to Maud Weaver, born in Monticello Township. Their children were as follows : Florence, who is a nurse residing at Rochester. Minn. : and Ralph and Xellie, who live at home. Mrs. Cole died in October. 1909. On October 21. 1911, Jlr. Cole was married a second time and has by that union the following children : Pauline. Kenneth and Marian. In politics Mr. Cole is a Deimocrat. Fraternall.v he belongs to the Mod- ern Woodmen of America at Monticello. An industrious worker, he has made his way in the world, .md has every right to feel proud of the progress he has made.

COLEMAN, John W., M. D., for sonic years in acti\e practice at Monticello. is now deceased. He was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, Jan- uary 8. 1831, and was graduated from Miami College, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 18.50, with the degree of M. D.. following which he practiced medicine in McLean County. 111. In ISOO he moved to Monticello, but with the outbreak of the Civil War he offered his services to his country, and was assistant surgeon in the Forty- first Illinois Volunteer Infantry. On June 8, ]85s. Dr. Coleman was married and he and his wife had several children, but only one, Lida, reached maturity. It was Dr. Coleman who I'lanted the beautiful evergreens in the Monti- cello Cemetery, which stand to his memory, although all that is mortal of him lies in this same cemetery.

COLLINS, Abraham, came to Goose Creek Town- ship in 1S3S, and was engaged there in farm- ing for many .years, but is now deceased. He was married in Indiana to Eliza Biddle and their children were as follows: William. Abra- ham, John, Surrilda, Simeon, Mary Jane, James, Mrs. Wilson Williams and Joseph.

CONAWAY, Amos, was born in Bourbon County, K.V.. and came to Piatt County in 1852. He was married to Elizabeth Boyd and the.v had nine children, namely : Jane C, Byron,

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

729

Horteuse, Amos C, Lizzie, Nancy, James E., Mary E., aud Allen R. For a number of years Mr. Conaway was a prosperous merchant of Cisco.

CONNER, Abner, at one time a prominent stoclc buyer and dealer of Monticello, was born in West Virginia, and came to I'iatt County in 1851. In 1840 he was married to Kachel Moth- erspaw, and for a time they lived on a portion of the Allerton farm, and then in 1858 came to Monticello. where Mr. Conner died Jlay 23, 1S80. He had eight children, namely : Edward, Kate, Louisa, Olive, Ella and three who died early in life.

COX, Wilson F., was born at Nashville, Mo., February 28, 1827, and in July. 1857, he located at Monticello, where he was deputy recorder, circuit clerk, deputy assessor, deputy sheriff, and clerk of the county court, when he enlisted in Companyi H, Sixty-third Illinois V'olunteer Infantry, and served until May 24, 1865. In August of that year he was appointed post- master of Monticello. but resigned the follow- ing year and went to Champaign County, Mo.

CRONINGER, Charles Luther, of Cisco, and one (if tlie ]iroiiiint'iit uieii of I'i;itt County whose interests arc many and varied, was liorn in Wil- low Branch Township, this county, June 11, 1872, a son of MaUlon and Anna V. (Kinebart) (■"roninger. the former of whom was born Janu- ary 1, 1841, anil the latter September 17, 1847, both in I'iatt County. They were married De- cember ]2. 1807. The paternal grandparents were Peter and Cynthia .V. (Madden) Cronin- ger, tile former of whom was born in Ohio, March 2, ISIS, and the latter in the same local- ity, August ti. 1817. They were married May :\ 1840. He died December 27. 1807, and she, January 27. 1S!»2. The maternal grandparents were James and Cntlierine Kinehart of Virginia. Both the Croninger anil Uinehart families be- came early settlers of I'iatt County, locating on the county line lietween this and Macon Count.v, making the trip overland from Ohio and Vir- ginia, respectively, in the covered wagons of the eiiiiiiiant. drawn by teams. After the par- ents nianicd, they located on a farm in Willow Brancli Township, and the father devoted his life to farming and stock dealing. The parents had the following children : Ernest L.. who was born March 8. IStO. died September 10, 1903; Charles L. ; Nellie Grace, who was born June 20. 1875. married Dr. M. Battengill of Cisco, and died January 8. 1010; and Pearley F., who was born October 1, 1870. died April 11, 1905.

Charles L. Croninger attended the grade and high schools of his neighborhood, and Brown's Business College of Decatur, 111., and resided on the farm, carrying on farming and stock dealing until after the death of his brother. Ernest L. Croninger. At that time he went into the bank at Cisco as cashier and general manager, so continuing until May. 1014. when he resigned to

devote all of his attention to his farai property. He owns 303 acres on section 23, Willow Branch Township; 159 acres on section 34, of the same to\Anshlp; 400 acres of Whitmore Township, Macon County; and eighty acres in Lafayette County. 111. In the spring of 1904 he moved to Cisco, where he had built a handsome frame residence, but this he sold in March, 1911, and moved into his jtresent home, selling his former one.

On October 10, 1896, Mr. Croninger was mar- ried to Iva M. Kile, born in Macon County, 111., a daughter of Reuben and Olive (Renolds) Kile, natives of Macon County, 111. Mr. and Mrs. Croninger became the parents of the fol- lowing children : Harvey L.. who was born June 27. 1897 ; Grace Loraine, who was born November 17. 189S, died April 8, 1900; and Charles Luther. Jr.. who was born December 15. 19(10. The religious faith of Mr. Croninger is that of the Methodist Church. In politics he is a Democrat. He is a Mason in high stand- ing, and has attained to the Shriner degree.

CROOK, Jesse Jefferson, proprietor of the Valley View Stock Farm, in Willow Branch Township, owning a well developed and finely improved propertv consisting of 120 acres, was born in Piatt County, 111., March S, 1808, and is a son of James Monroe and Charity (Peck) Crook. James Monroe Crook was born in Fountain County. Ind., June 25, 1831, a son of William and Delilah Crook. He came to Illinois with his mother when he was about eighteen years of age and they settled in Willow Branch Town- ship, Piatt Count.v, and there he devoted hini- .self entirelv to agricultural pursuits. He died November 10, 1884. On November 9, 1856, he was united in marriage with Charity Peck, who was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, June 2, 1838, a daughter of Enoch and Elizabeth Peck, with whom she came to Piatt County in 1851. Four children were born to James M. Crook and wife: William M., who lives at Mon- ticello, 111.; Jesse Jefferson; Ora, who is the wife of William McQuay, of Cerro Gordo Town- shiii. Piatt County; and James M., who is de- ceased.

.Jesse Jefferson Crook attended the public schools until the age of fifteen years when the death of his lather placed heavy responsibili- ties on his shoulders and he was compelled to assume the management of the home farm for his mother. He continued at home until his marriage, October 8. 1891, when he took charge of the place for himself, renting it from his mother, oiierating 120 acres and eighty acres belonging to D. Kuns. He fell heir to forty acres of the homestead and then bought the other eighty acres. He devotes his own farm of 120 acres and a rented farm of 120 acres to grain farming and the raising of horse.s. He is widely known as a reliable breeder of Percheron stock and at the present writing (1917) his sta- bles contain twenty-one head of registered Per- cheron stallions and three imported mares. He deserves iinich ci'edit for his efforts to raise

730

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

the stiuitliird in horse breeOiiis and his animals are sreat attractions at both county and state fairs, always carryinK off iirizes at tliese ex- hibitions.

Mr. Croolv was married October S, 1891, to Miss Austie Snyder, who was liorn in Ross Connty, Ohio, April 30, 1S74. and was brought to Piatt County in ISTC. liy her parents, who settled in Cerro Gordo Township. She is a daughter of Benner and ilary (Christian) Sny- der. Her father was born In Ohio July 10, 1S36. anil died .June l."j. 1004. Her mother was born in Ohio in 1841, and died in 1SS2. Mr. and Mrs. Crook have seven children : Emma, who was born August 11, 1802. is the wife of Homer Peek ; r^ester, who was born .June 80, 1S9.3, mar- ried Dora Ivelly and they live at Bement; Fay, who was born October 4, 1896 ; Dimple, who was born February 13. 1901 ; Jessie, who was born October IS, 190.">; Lola, who was born Novem- ber 10. 1900; and I.ynn. ^vbo was liorn March 13, 19<19. One child died in infancy.

Mr. Crook and family are attendants of the Christian Church at Miiniiue. He belongs to no organization other than the Milmine Protective Association. He has taken pride in improv- ing his property at different times and in 1914 he erected a handsome residence of fifteen rooms and has installed all modern improvements. He probably has one of tlip finest rnr:!l hnnies in the county.

CURRY, Mrs. Catherine Juric, one of the highly esteemed residents of I'nity Township, was born in Ireland, May 10, 1848, a daughter of Lawrence and Catherine (Gorman) Juric. natives of Ire- land who never came to the United States. Mrs. Curr.v attended the common schools of Ireland, and after completing her studies, remained with her parents until 1870, when she came to Be- ment, 111., and worked by the week for about two years. In 1872 she was married to Patrick Curry, who was horn in County Clare, Ireland, in 1840, a son of John and Bridget (Conway) Curry, natives of Ireland. The mother died in Ireland, and then the father came to the L^nited States on a visit and here died. In young man- hood, Mr. Cnrry came to tJie United States, and was engaged in railroading in Piatt County for a time. Later he began farming in Unity Town- ship, where he bought eighty acres of land, pay- ing .$20 per acre for it. This land was swampy and was considered of no value, but he drained and developed it and made it one of the most valuable In the township. From time to time Mr. Curry added to his holdings until at the time of his death he owned fi40 acres of land, all in one body, and all under cultivation. Op this he carried on general grain farming and was very successful. Mr. and Mrs. Curry be- came the parents of the following children : John, Patrick, Daniel, Michael and Lawrence, all of whom are deceased : Catherine, who mar- ried Malaehi Ford, lives on a farm in TTnity Township ; and Delia, who married Joseph Reed- ing who farms Mrs. Curry's farm in Unity Township. Mr. and Mrs. Reading living with

Mrs. Curry. Mrs. Curry is a consistent mem- ber of St. Michaers Catholic Church of Bement. 111. The Curry family is held in high esteem in the township and county, and Mr. Curry is remembered as a prosperous, upright and hon- orable man and good citizen.

CURRY, James W., a grain farmer, owning one of the finest improved farms In Piatt County, is one of the sul).stantial men of Sangamon Town- ship. He was bom in Cumberland County, 111., Sejiteuiber .5, 18(j0, a son of Timothy and Rosa • Nicholson) Curry, born in Jackson County, 111. They went to Cumberland County in 1860, settling on a fann where the father died in 1S73. The mother survived for many years, liassing away at Galesville, 111., in 1909.

Owing to the early death of his father, James AV. Curry «-as forced to e.xert himself while young to assist his mother, and he recei\ed no educational advantages. Until Februry 27, 1881, he lived with her, and then began working for .Tohn Bender, being on his farm for two sea- sons, and was also with James Trimby and other farmers until 1885, when he engaged with Mr. Tinder of Galesville and remained with him for three years. Mr. Curry then rented 400 acres of land from John Kirby. and four years later .sold his .stock to Mr. Kirliy. and rented from Ed. Lodge a farm at Galesville. For the next eighteen years he was on that farm, leav- ing it to move on a farm of 130 acres, forty acres of which were in Sangamon To\^niship and ninety acres in Blue Ridge Township. Later he moved to the Maroiline farm of 240 acres th.at he liought in Sangamon Township, rent- ing his former farm to his son until 1911, when, receiving an excellent offer for it. he sold the l)roperty. His new farm is one of the best in the county for grain farming, in which he Is engaged and he keeps on improving and de- veloping it.

On JIareh 28. 1SS.">. Jlr. Curry was married to Josephine Kritz. born in Champaign County, 111., a daughter of Joseph Kritz. Mr. and Mrs. Currv have the following children ; Etta, who is Mrs. Jacob Swartz of Galesville. 111.; Tim- othy, who lives in Blue Ridge Township ; Orphie. who is Mrs. Charles Hanners. of Mansfield, 111. ; and Blanche. Fred and Lewis, who are at home. In ]iolities Sir. Cnrry is a Republican and has been called upon by his party to serve as a .school director and road commissioner. His progress in life has been all the more remark- able when it is considered that all he owns he has earned himself, and that he was denied the privilege accorded the humblest child of today. a liliernl public school education.

CURRY, John W., whose family is numbererl among the pioneer ones of Piatt County, was for years closely connected with the best agri- cultural interests of Unity Township. He was born at Voorhies, 111.. July 4. 1871. and died August 29, 190,8. He was a son of Patrick and Catherine (Juric) Curry, natives of County Clare. Ireland. They became early settlers of

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

731

Piatt County, where tbey owned and oi>erated 640 acres of land, and lived at Voorhies, Unity Township, until death claimed them.

John W. Curi-y was reared on his father's farm and attended the schools of his district. Until his marriage in 1906 he remained at home, but after that event went to live on a farm of IGO acres adjoining that of his father, and there he carried on general farming until his death. In political faith he was a Democrat and held the office of school director. Fraternally he be- longed to the Jlodern Woodmen of America and A. b. H. I-Iis religious home was St. Michael's Catholic Church oic Bemeut.

On April 25, 1006, John W, Curry was mar- ried to Elizabeth Sbeay, who was born at Voer- hies, 111., a daughter of John and Ardilla (Da- vis) Sheay, natives of Bantry Bay County, Cork, Ireland, and Fulton County, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Curry became the parents of two children, namely: John Joseph, who was born April 3, 1907; and Elizabeth Catherine Sylvia, who was born September 7, 1908. After the death of Mr. Curry, Mrs. Curry conducted the farm un- til she went to live with her father. In No- vember, 191.5, she moved to Bement and had erected for her a handsome residence, where she and her children now live. The farm is rented. Although Mr. Currey died in young manhood, he left behind him an enviable rec- ord for duty faithfully performed, and responsi- bilities honorably discharged, and no man is remembered with higher esteem.

CYPHERS, John W., a prosperous general farmer of Goose Creek Township in the village of De Land, is one of the best types of a self- made man Piatt County is furnishing today. He was born in Morgan County. Va., August 21, 1843, a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Zeger) Cyphers, natives of Pennsylvania, who later moved to Virginia. In the fall of ISGO the fam- ily came to Fairview, Fulton County, 111., where the parents passed away.

The educational training of John W. Cyphers was very scanty, he only having the advantages of attendanc'e for a short time at a subscription school in his native state. As he came of a loyal family who were forced to leave the South on account of their views on slavery, it was but natural that the son should enlist to help preserve the Union in the Civil War. He be- came a member of Company D. One Hundred and Third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, at Fair- view, 111., and was with tlie army of General Grant, and later with that of General Sher- man, being at the siege of Mcksburg, in the Atlanta campaign, at the battles of Kenesaw Mountain, Lookout Mountain, and many others Including numerous skirmishes. He had the dis- tinction of being in the famous march to the sea, and in the Grand Review at Washington, D. C, and was honorably discharged in August, 1865, after which he returned to Illinois by way of Louisville. Ky.. then to Chicago, and on to his home. Until the spring of 1870. he worked for farmers by the month, but then came to De

Land where he bought eighty acres of land for .flO per acre. To this he added until he now owns 105 acres adjoining De Land on the east, a part in the De Laud village limits. This he has always devoted to general farming, and he had taken pride in bringing his iiroperty up to a high standard, his buildings and appli- anc-es being modern in every particular, so that his work can l)e done expeditiously and effec- tively.

The first marriage of Mr. Cyphers took place at Canton. HI., when he was united with Ellen Cook, who died two weeks later. His second wife bore the maiden name of Mary J. Reg- nold, born at Canton, 111., and she died Ave years later. In 1880 Mr. Cyphers was married (third) to Caroline Zeger, born in Pennsylvania, and they have had the following cliildren : John Wes- ley, Frank and Joseph, all of whom are de- ceased; and Jeremiah, who is working the home fann. In religious faith Mr. Cyphers is a Methodist, in politics he is a Republican, and fraternally he is an Odd Fellow. His comrades in the G. A. R. Post find him a pleasant asso- ciate, and they enjoy living over again the days when they stood between the Union and dissolution.

DALLAS, Elmer Ellsworth, whose general mer- cliandise and meat establishment at Cisco, is one of the oldest and largest business houses of that place, is recognized as one of the substan- tial business men of Piatt County. He was liorn at Cisco, March 26, 1870, a son of Eras- tus F. and Mary Ann Dallas. The father was born in Ohio, and there grew to manhood, and from that state enlisted for service during the Civil War. After his honorable discharge from an Ohio volunteer infantry regiment in 1865, the father located on a farm in Willow Branch Township, Piatt County, 111., which he bought fi'om the railroad. In addition to his farming, he was a grain dealer, and became quite pros- perous. In 1881 he sold his farm in Piatt and bought land in Effingham County, 111., where he carried on a stock business until 1806. In that year he sold again and went to Arizona, and died in that state in 1911. The mother sur- vives and lives at Safford, Ariz.

Elmer Ellsworth Dallas attended the public schools of Cisco, and lived with his parents until 1S95 when he opened a restaurant at Cisco, and also conducted a barber shop for four year.s. For the subsequent two years he was a clerk in a general mercantile store, then in 1901 he embarked in a general merchandise business of his own. conducting it and a meat market, it being the largest, as well as one of the oldest of its kind in this locality. His trade is a large and valuable one, and his sales show a steady and healthy increase annually.

On December 24. 1804, Mr. Dallas was mar- ried to Bertha Wilmeth, born in Effingham County. 111., a daughter of Harvey and Mary .\nn Wilmeth. Mr. and Mrs. Dallas have one daughter. Naomi M. lu religious faith he is a Methodist. A Democrat in politics Mr. Dallas

732

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY

served as police magistrate for five years, aud has lield other local offices at Cisco. Fraternally he is an Old Fellow and a Chapter Mason.

DAVIES, Fred E., a prosperous farmer of Bement Township, is setting an excellent ex- ample for others to follow, in the management of his propertv. lie was liorn in Bement Town- ship in 187S, a sou of W. K. Davies, born at JaeUsonville, 111., in lSo4. W. E. Davies came to I'iatt County, 111., in 1SU7 with his father, and liuyini; Kit* acres in Bement Township, spent all his life on this property. On July 3, 1877, he married Alice Allison, a daughter of Wil- liam and Mary (Priestly) Allison.

Fred E. Davies w.is educated in the comnion and high schools of Bement, and at Bryant & Stratton's Business C<illege, Chicago, 111. When he was twenty-two years old, Mr. Davies worked in Iowa and Colorado, where he remained for two years. The subsequent seven years he s-pent in Missouri, being engaged in farming and con- tracting, and then returned to I'iatt County and located on bis father's homestead, where he has since continued, the property comprising 360 acres. The family owns 160 acres in Mis- souri. While living in Missouri, he was one of the leaders in securing the drainage of 22.000 acres at a cost of .$300,001).

On August 27. l!Ml."i, Mr. Davies was married to Birdie Holland, who died Decemlier 2,S. 1913, a daughter of Parvin and Maltida (Gilliland) Holland. Mr. and Mrs. Davies bad the fol- lowing children : William P. and Alice M.. the latter of whom died .'September 7, 1913, at the age of three years. Jlr. Davies belongs to the Bement Presb.vterian Church. Politically be is a Republican. While living in Missouri he served as road conunissioner for six years. His fraternal affiliations are with the Masons and Modern Woodmen of .Vmerica. both of Bement.

DAVIES, James, was born in England in 1812, and eanie to Piatt County in 1807, becoming a farmer of I'nity Township. He was married to Anne Phillips in 1840, and their children were as follows : Walter, Mrs. Elizabeth Eas- ton. Diana. Anna, and Ilortense.

DAY, WilUam James. Few men have contrib- uted in greater degree to the uiilniilding and development of Bement. 111., than has William .Tames Day. For twenty-four years surveyor of Piatt County, he has served also as mayor of Bement. president of the new townsbi]i liigb school and member of the city school board, and is at present manager of the electric light plant at Bement. of which be was one of the or- ganizers. Mr. Day is a native of England, and was born in Somersetshire, in March. lS.~i7. a son of Robert and Sarah (GuUiford) Day, both of whom si>ent their lives in that country.

William J. Day secured a good education in his native land, completing liis schooling at the A. C. Perman .\cademy. at Wincanton. Eng- land, where lie studied civil engineering. In 1877 he came to the T'liiteil States, first locat-

ing at Lorain, Ohio, but after a few months came to Bement, 111., and for two or three years worked at farming. Subse<iuently he went to Hamilton. Ontario, Canada, where he was emplo.veil in the passenger department of the (jreat Western Railroad, and then returned tci Bement and for a short time I'esumed his fanning activities. He was then again called to Canada, this time to Manitoba, where he was cniplnyed as yardmaster by the Canadian Pa- i-iHc Itailrnad. an<l in various other jjositions at Portage La Prairie. In 1S83 Mr. Day again returned to Bement and took up farming, later going to Cerro (iordo Townshi]!. Piatt County, where he purchased a farm. This be conducted a few years, or until 1892, when he was elected surveyor of Piatt County, and moved to Be- ment to live jiermanently. He has held this position without interruption to the present time, and liis record in this office has been one that does credit to bis high ideas of public service.

In 1891. in company with Horac-e Halderman. William M. Camp and Harry Bower, Mr. Day organi^ied the electric light plant at Bement and put it into operation, Mr. Halderman, now deceased, becoming president, and Mr. Bower secretary and treasurer. William M. Camp is now president of this enterprise. William M. Steel secretary and treasurer, and Mr. Day man- ager. Mr. Day, aside from his official duties, carries on a general practice in civil engineer- ing, and also devotes much of his attention to bis large farming property in Piatt County. Frcjm 19(iS until 1912 he was mayor of Bement, an<l all the improvements of any importance of a civie character were installed under his di- rection during that time. He has also given of bis time and energies in the cause of education, having Iieen for some .vears a member of the school board of the city, and being at this time jiresident of the new township liiih school. Fraternally he is a jiopular member of the Inde- ]iedent Order of Odd Fellows, the Modern Wood- men of .\merica and the Eodge. Chapter and Council of 'the Masonic Order. His political faith is that of the Republican party, and his religious belief makes him an Episcopalian.

Mr. Day married Miss Sarah A. GuUiford. wlio was born at Bement, III., daughter of .Tames and Mary (Trimbyl GuUiford. natives of Entrland. Eight children have been born to tliis union, as follows: Maynie. who is the wife of Warren Pas.swater; Emma, who resides witli her parents: Violet, who is the wife of Mver Kauffman, of Fort Scott, Kas. : and Mabel. Italiih. Olin, Esther and Maxine, who reside at home.

DEAHL, Samuel Benjamin, one of the most suc- cessful farmers of (^erro Gordo Townsbiji. is recu^'nized as one of the representative men of Piatt County. He was born in Stark County, Ohio, .Tanuary 29. 1S.")4, a son of Samuel and Fli/abetli .\manda (Snider) Deahl. natives of P<'inisylvania and Ohio. They were married in Ohio, and there she died in 18.^8. In .Vpril. 18(1.". tlie father, with bis four children, went

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732

inSTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

•It ISr.vunt &

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served as poliic lua. has )ieitl other loca I • lie is au (Xlil Fell*-

DAVIES, Fred K

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On .V'lOTst 27. 1!>or., Mr. Da vies was marritil to Bir<li.' Uollanil. wTio died Decenilier 28. lOlS. a dan-titor of Parvin and Maltida (Oillllaiid) H.ihMil. Mr. and Mrs. Davies Imd the fol- 1. v,;ir.- hildren: William P. and Alice M.. the liiiici ,.f wlioui died tSepteraher 7, 1913, at the age lit three years. Mr. Davies lieloiife's to the Bement Pre.sbyterinn Ctinrch. Politically he is a Rcjiuidican. While living in Mls.soiirj he

served a*: '■' '"issioner for si.t years. His

fraternal "e with the Ma«>ns and

Modem "• Mucricn. both of Ttenient.

DAVIES. JasMil. \^at, bori. in Knjflaiul in 1813, and came r." I'lntt I'ouutv In lS(i7. beeomlnc a fanner oi" ' ■■'■ :■•■•■■■' i if ->•■■- ii.or,.i,«i to Anne were as ton. Diaui., .\... ■ .... ,..,., ,,-, ,

DAY, William James. Fiw nnv: nted in greater dciiree to the .;) development of Benient, 111., thai .Tames Day. For tweid.v-fonr ;> ■ of Piatt Coiinty, he has served al- Bem^nt. president of the new i. -.ihool and nieniher of the city :ii.i) N .'it \iresent manaser of the .i.'. in. !r_' ii I l.ii.r it P.emeid. of whicti he was one of (he or -:!!•- Mr Driv :>•■ ri ivitivo of V'liirhnid. and ■ -• ■ 1.S.-,7. a s. . Loth

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and put it into ojier ■ de<'ea>wi. he<-(iiiiliiu.' secretary and now presideii) Steel secrcfavx ager. Mr. li." carries on a ■-. ins. and also li.' Ills larsp farniin:.- Kroiii ims until IJil.: and all the impi-oveim a civic character were ii rection during that time, his time aiid energies in t: having: been for some .ve;i school iKiard of the citj . fiii'< ..-. .-M. ;ii i>f the new ' I"i .' is a piiimlar v.'

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ihat of the Kepuldican i>:""ty. and his

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'•;ty married Miss Sarah A. GuUiford.

- born at Renient, III., daughter of

11(1 Marv fTriniby) Gulliford. native.'s

.lid. i;islit children have h<'on born

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parents: Violet, who is the wj' MiTiiinn. of Fort .''colt. K«». : aii'' •iiln, Kstlier and M;i-clne, v' ■I ii ..111-.

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HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

733

to Fort Wayue, luil., wbeie he was a gardeuer, reiuaining there uutil about 1872 when he caiue to Illinois aud si>eiit liis remaining years in Edgar County.

Samuel Benjamin Deahl was ten years old when he was taken by John Denhani of Edgar County, and lived on his stock farm uutil 1876. In that year he married and began renting laud, so continuing until 1880, when he moved to Macon County, 111., aud rented land there until 1888. In tliat year he came to Piatt County, renting 220 acres in Cerro Gordo Township, near IJntner, and remained on this land until 190-1. In the siiring of 1904 he bought sixty- live acres of land on section 30, Cerro Gordo Township, which was partly improved. Since buying, Mr. Deahl has remodeled all the build- ings, and has put in tiling so that what was swamp land, left to .snakes and grasses, is now- producing banner crops. This swamp land com- prised thirty acres of his farm, and he would not now take many times what he paid for it. He has always carried on grain farming.

On November .5, 187(j, Air. Deahl was mar- ried to Anna E. Etnoyer, born in Pennsylvania, a daughter of John and Mary (Ilolliuger) Et- noyer. Their children are as follows : Maud, who is Mrs. John Bowen, of Cerro Gordo Town- ship; Mai-y Bell, who is at home; Emma, who is Mrs. Herman Weiland of Cisco, 111. ; and Grace, who is at home. In politics Mr. Deahl is a Republican. His fraternal affiliations are with Cerro Gordo Lodge No. 346, I. O. O. P., while in religious faith he is a member of the Chris- tian Church. A man of broad outlook he has embraced modern agricultural methods, and has reaped abundantl.v fruni his investments of time and money.

DEARDURPF, D. W., who was a successful grocer of Jlonticello for a number of years, was born in OIilo. and came to Piatt County in 1857. For some time he was a farmer, and then moved to Monticello, vchere he embarked In the grocery business. In 1877 Mr. Deardurft' was married to Nannie M. Davis and they have two children, namel.v : Lavina M. and William. During the Civil War D. W. Deardurff served in Company C, Twenty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry.

DELAND, Earl E., cashier of the Seivers & Cline Bank, of White Heath, is one of the reliable men of Piatt County in whose capable hands the finances of the communit.v may safely rest. He was born at Union City, Darke County, Ohio, May 8. 1878, a son of George and Ellen (Converse) DeLand, natives of Portland, Vt., and Ohio. The father was taken to Ohio by his )>arents when he was five years old. and they settled near Richmond that state. There he married and engaged in farming. During the civil War he served as a member of the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, and was wounded by gun shots in tlie knees and in other parts of his bod.v, and suf- fered a rupture which has never been cured, in later years this somewhat incapacitating him.

In 1881 he moved to White Heath, 111., and embarked in a mercantile business, but in 1880 retired on account of this injury. Both he and his wife survive. Their children were as fol- lows : Linda, who is deceased ; Ernest, who died in 1896 ; Edward, who lives at White Heatli ; Lola, who died in 1902, married B. R. White and Earl E.

Earl E. DeLand was educated in the public schools of Wliite Heath, and when he was eigliteen years old he began farming, so con- tinuing for five years. He then started the first confectionery store and restaurant at White Heath, and after placing it on a firm basis, two years later he sold, aud resumed farming for three years. Once more he entered the busi- ness field, this time as a general merchant of White Heath, but sold three years later on account of poor health. After a period of rest, on November 10, 1913, he became ca.shier of Seivers & Cline Bank, of White Heath, and is still discharging the duties of this position.

On Fei)ruary 23, 1002, Mr. Del^and was mar- ried to Minnie L. Perry, of De Soto, Mo., who was born in Gladsprings, Va., a daughter of Stephen and Lou (Kennedy) Perry, natives of Mrginia. Mr. and Mrs. DeLand have two chil- dren : Ora L., who was born May 3, 1903 ; and Lola Pearl, who was born July 22, 1905. Mr. DeLand belongs to the Universalist faith, and Mrs. DeLand is a member of the Christian Church of DeLand, 111. He has been very prominent politically, serving as township clerk for seven .\ears, and supervisor for four years, making an enviable record in both ofliices. His fraternal connections are with the Modern Woodmen of America, of White Heath, the Court of Honor of the same place, and the Masons, of Monticello. A man of unusual capac- ity, he is universally resi)ected and stands high in White Heath.

DEVORE, Nicholas, was born in Ohio in 1808, and came to Piatt County in 1834. In 18.35 he was married to Susan Barnes, and of their five children two grew to maturity, namely: Sarah M. and William C. Mr. Devore liecame a farmer and died in 1842.

DICKSON, Amos, came to Piatt County in 1850, his farm of 160 acres Lying partly in this and partly in Champaign County. His death oc- fured in 1881. Before settling on his farm he worked producing salt at Danville and in the (Jalena lead mines, and was a well known man of Blue Ridge Township.

DIGHTON, John N. It often appears that the best men of a coiiununity are gathered to their fathers long before their span of life is run, and yet. in passing to the great beyond many bring out forcibly lessons of right living and bro.id charities that leave so strong au impres- sion upon a connnuuity. that the sense of the loss is lightened in the remembrance of the infiuence the one who is gone, still exerts over liis former associates. Perhaps no man is full.v

734

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

appreciated while living. It takes death to pruve up his character ami bring to light his best deeds. While he is among his friends, good traits and kindly deeds are taken too much for granted. When these no longer e.xist, they are more truly appreciated. A man need not spend his life in the halls of legislation, nor among the mighty of earth to he a potent iuHu- euce in the world. There are men who have never left their home communities, who have revolutionized them, and brought about reforms of so lasting a nature that their names will endure as long as history is written. As a man is deep down in his heart, so he should be re- membered after death, and judged by this stand- ard, the late John X. Dlghton of ilonticello, is held in the tenderest and most grateful recollection by those who really knew him.

John Is'. Dightou was horn March 20, 1S57, at Brownsboro, Ky., a son of Andrew J. Digh- ton, a native of Erie, Pa., and a self-made man. The father moved to Piatt County, 111., when his son was a year old, buying land here on which the child was rearetl, so that it can be truly Said that John N. Dightou was a product of this countv. Losing his father when he was still a lad. Mr. Dighton took charge of the estate for his mother, and in time became a man of large means aud great responsibilities. Not only did he become the owner of many farms, but he lent his influence aud means towards developing the banking interests of this locality, and for some years was identified with the banking house of Houstou. Moore & Dighton, and was one of the incorporators of the First National Bank of Monticello. of whieli he became president. An agriculturalist of an advanced type, upon his farms he introduced many novel" methods, and used machinery of the most modern kind. Some of his farms he rented to sutistantial men : others were in charge of his sons, while he superintended the cultivation of a large amount of acreage him- self, and he was recognized as one of the leading authorities cm agricultural matters in this part of the state.

In June. iSSl, John N. Dightou was married to Mary I. Reed, one of the popular teachers of Piatt County. Mr. and Mrs. Dighton became the parents of the following children : John Netherton, Jr.. of Jlonticello ; Samuel Reed and Sarah Catherine, twins; and Andrew Jackson. Samuel Reed Dighton resides in Savannah, Ga. John N. Dighton was a man of strong re- religious convictions, and became early in life a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mrs. Dighton is also a member of the same church. A Mason in high standing, Mr. Dighton's funeral was in charge of the Champaign Commandery, of which he was a member. With his passing Piatt County lost one of its most representative and liberal minded nien. and his friends a genial, loyal and considerate companion who re.ioiced with their good fortune, and sympathized over their losses as only could one of his broad and well trained mind.

DIGHTON, William. Some of the most sub- stantial men of Piatt County are those who have left their fortieth milestone behind, and ui the \ery prune of life they give the vigor of youth, combined with the e.xperience of their years, to the conduct of the many affairs iu which they are interested. Such is the case with William Dighton, of Monticello. He was horn at Monticello. June 4, 1873, a son of An- drew J. and Sarah C. (Netherton) Dighton, natives of Erie, Pa., and the vicinity of Louis- ville, Ky.. respectively. In 1S53 the father came to Monticello aud became a heavy land- owner in Piatt County and Champaign County, and also became a member of the banking firm of Houston, Dighton and Moore at Monticello, for many years the only bank of the county. His death took place December 25, 1878. The mother survives and makes her home at Monti- cello. Their children were as follows : Annie, who died at the age of thirty years, having mar- ried Dr. F. E. Antin, of Belleville. 111. ; Elvira M.. who married F. V. Dilatush, died in 1910; John N.. who died in 1011, aged fifty-three years, while he was president of the First National Bank of Monticello; aud William.

William Dighton was educated in the com- mon and liigii scluiols of Monticello. and the I'niversity of Illinois. In 1893 he was made bookkeeper in the bank of which his father was part owner, and in 1897 was made assistant cashier. He has also been cashier and vice president, and in 1911 was elected president of the First National Bank of Monticello. the larg- est bank of the county. He is also vice presi- dent of the State Bank of Cerro Gordo, and a director of the State Bank of La Place, the State Bank of Hammond and the First National Bank of Ivesdale. What leisure time he finds outside of his banking interests, he devotes to agriculture. His family, except that of .Viler- ton, is the largest landowners in Piatt County. The First National Bank of Monticello has held that name since 1S92, with a capital stock of .$100,000. and a surplus of .$100.(X10. and de- liosits of .$7.10,000. In addition to Mr. Dicrhton. the officials are: John W. Dighton. vice jiresi- dent ; Frank Hetishee. second vice iircsiilent ; George B. Noecker, cashier; aud Ernest E. Lohr, assistant cashier.

On June 8, 1S9S. Mr. Dighton married Jessie L. Tliompson. horn at Canton. Til., a daughter of Charles N. and Caroline (Putnam) Thomp- son, and they have two children, namely: Wil- liam T. and Asler C. An earnest Presbyterian. Mr. Dighton has been an elder of the local con- gregation since 1911. He is a member of the State Board of Asriculture, and represents the Nineteenth District on that hotly. He is presi- dent of the Piatt County Fair Association and exerts himself to make the annual gatherings a success. He is also president of the Dighton. Dilatush Loan Company, and very prominent in every way. As jiresident of the city school lioard. anil of the township high school board, he has given effective service to the people of

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

735

Mouticello. He always supports the princi- aud is a Masou in high standing, having at- ples and candidates of the Democratic party, tained to the thirty-second degree.

DILATUSH, Frank V., whose association with Piatt County finances lias been long and inti- mate, is one of the leading men of Monticello. He was born near Lebanon, Warren County, Ohio, August 25, 1851), a son of George D. and Cynthia (Jeffries) DUatusli. natives of Tren- ton, N. J., and Champaign County, Ohio, re- spectively. They were married in Ohio, where the father engaged in farming until the fall of ISGS at which time he went to Logan County, 111. In January, 1871, he came to Piatt Count}', and in 1893 retired, going to Decatur, 111., where he died February 25, isi-l, aged eighty-three years. The mother died March 13, 1915, aged eighty-one years.

Frank V. Dilatush attended the district schools of his native place, the high school at Cerro Gordo. 111., and the Lebanon (Ohio) nor- mal school. He worked on the hometstead until twenty-one years old, and then began teaching school, being in tlie home district ftor two terms, and one term in the Baker district. In the fall of 1880 he came to Monticello and taught for four years. Plis services as an educa- tor received due appreciation in his appointment as superintendent of town schools wliicb iwsi- tion he held until 1S87, after which he went into a grain business with Morrison Wilson. Two years later he sold his interest in this business to J. A. Bender, and bought forty-two and one- half acres of land adjoining Monticello on the north. For a time he was engaged in farm- ing, operating this and otlier ])roiierty which he owned. In 1892 the First National Bank of Monticello was organized, with Dr. W. E. Noecker as president and John N. Dighton, vice president. Mr. Dilatush was made one of its directors, and he took an active part in its work until 1S9S. when he and John N. Dighton founded the Dighton and Dilatush Loan Co. In Octolior, 1900. they organized their business as a state bank, with Mr. Dilatush as cashier, and he was also a director. He and Jlr. Dighton, who is his brother-in-law. bought a private bank at Cerro Gordo, 111., and made it a state bank, May 31, 1894. it now being known as the State Bank of Cerro Gordo, and Mr. Dilatush is its vice president, with S. M. Funk as ]iresi- dent. In conjunction with Mr. Dighton and oth- ers. Mr. Dilatush organized the State Bank of Mansfield. January 3. 1899, but no longer re- tains his interest in it.

On May 25. 1885, Mr. Dilatush was married to Elvira M. Dighton. born in Piatt County, a daughter of Andrew J. and Sarah C. (Nether- ton) Dighton. natives of New York and Pros- pect, Ky. They became tlie parents of three children as follows : Ruth, who died at the age of twelve years ; Annie, who is at home ; and Frank Dighton. who died in January. 1901, aged three months. Mrs. Dilatush's death occurred October 10, 1912. In politics Mr. Dilatush is a

Democrat. Fraternally he belongs to the Ma- sons, and has attained to the Knight Templar degree. A man of more than usual executive ability, he has used his talents in organization and promotion work.

DILLOW, Michael, came to Piatt County in 1834. and was one of the first settlers of Wil- low Branch Township. He was married to Rachel (Cawbel) Shuman, and their children were as follows : Mrs. A. W. Lingle, Charles, Mrs. Isaac Collins, Mrs. Edward WoUlngton, and Michael. Mr. Dillow has been dead for a number of years but is remembered for his work as a Presbyterian minister who was sta- tioned for a long time at Friend's Creek.

DILLON, Patrick, who for many years was one of the biglily respected men of Piatt County but is now deceased, left his mark upon his times and community. He was born in Ireland, Janu- ary 9, 1841, a son of Patrick and Bridget (Mal- ley) Dillon. Tlie parents came to the United States in 1852, locating on a farm near Ottawa, La Salle County, 111. The trip was made by way of New Orleans and thence up to St. Louis on the Mississippi River, and from there teams took the little party to La Salle County. Dur- ing the long voyage on the ocean, severe storms were encountered, and the ship was wrecked.

Patrick Dillon attended the public schools of La Salle Count.v, and assisted on his father's farm. In April, 1871, he was married to Bridget Feeney, of Ireland, a daughter of Luke and Margaret (Green) Feeney, who came to La Salle County in 1857, making the trip by way of New York, from whence they journe.ved on the Great Lakes to Chicago, and completed the trip by teams. After his marriage, Mr. Dillon bought a farm near Ivesdale, Champaign County, 111., and occupied it until 1895, when he sold, and came to Bement Town.shii>, locating two and one-half miles east of the city of Bement. on a farm of 160 acres of Improved land where Mr. Dillon carried on grain farming. This con- tinued his home until 1908. when he bought a handsome residence at Bement and retired, there living until his death July .30, 1913. Since then his widow has continued to make Bement her home. Mr. and Mrs. Dillon had the following children : Margaret, who is Mrs. Michael Can- non, of Champaign County. 111. : James, who is operating the homestead : and Mary, who died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Dillon reared as their own, Mrs. Dillon's sister's daughter and son. Frank Farrell and Anna Farrell, of Be- ment Township. Their ])arents were Thomas and Anna (Feeney) Farrell.

Mrs. Dillon was educated in a Catholic con- vent, at La Salle. 111., and she is a member of St. Michael's Catholic Church, to which her husband also belonged. He served as school commissioner and drainage commissioner, and held other otfices, lieing elected on the Republi- can ticket. During the Civil War he enlisted, Sejitember 24. 1862, in Capt. Ilenshaw's battery and served until .Tnly 18. 1865. and was never

736

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

wounded or taken a i)risouer. Mr. Dillon be- longed to Sadonis Post. G. A. R., and was as popular in It as he was wherever known, and his memory is cherished by those who recog- nized his many excellent qualities. A station called Piatt is located on the Dillon farm, and lo- cated there is a grain elevator, erected by the farmers of the community.

DOANE, Edwin, recognized for a number of years as ,one of the largest landowners of Piatt Couut.v and a leading agriculturalist of Willow Branch Township, was a man of whom nothing but good is rememliered. He possessed in marked degree those qualities which go toward the making of substantial and reliable Ameri- canism, and his example of industrious and up- right living still is felt in the community where for so long he made his home. Edwin Doane was born in Ohio, in 1S3S, a son of Noble and Samantha Doane. natives of Connecticut.

After a boyhood spent in attendance at the local schools, and work upon the farm, Edwin Doane became a farmer, conducting rural prop- erties in Ohio until ISTl when he moved to Piatt County. 111., and bought seventy acres and later added fifty acres, making 120 acres in his home farm In Willow Branch Township. To this he added IfiO acres, and later bought 100 acres in DeWitt County. 111., and continued to operate his Piatt County land until his death, which occurred Jujie 17. 1910.

In 1868 Edwin Doane was married to Nan- nie E. Shaft', born in Ohio, a daughter of Fred- erick and Nannie (Jordan) Shaft, natives of Pennsylvania and Missouri, respectively. Jlr. and Mrs. Doane became the pai-ents of the fol- lowing children : Claude, who lives at Coving- ton. Ind. : Clement J., who lives in DeWitt County, III.: and Charles, who lives in Willow Branch Township. After the death of Mr. Doane, Mrs. Doane rented the homestead, and buying a comfortable residence at Cisco, has rince made that place her home. The Doane family is one of the well known and honored ones of Piatt County, and the confidence the several members of its insjiire. is justly merited.

DONOVAN, Hershel V., M. D., one of the highly trained physicians and surgeons of Piatt County, is engaged in an active pi-actice at Cerro Oordo. He was horn at Corni.shville. Ky., Jul.v 4. 1872, a son of Dr. .T. D. and Mary (Driscoll) Dono- van, natives of Kentucky. It is a remarkable fact that not only was the father a physician, but that all of his seven sons belonged to that same learned profession.

Dr. Donovan came to Lovington, 111., in 1887 and there attended both the grannnar and high schools, being gi-aduated from the latter at the age of sixteen years. Later he matriculated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. St. Louis. Mo., from which he was graduated in March. lSf)5, and for the succeeding one year was in active practice at Lovington, 111., but then went to Toledo. 111., and remained there in practice for seven years. For the subsequent

four years he was at Oakley, 111., and then came to Cerro Gordo, where he has since re- mained. His skill, sincerity and personality have been strong factors in the upbuilding of the Hue practice he now enjoys, and no man stands any higher among his fellow practitioners.

In September, 1896, Dr. Donovan was mar- ried ti) Miss Maude Mangier, born at Sullivan, 111., in January, 1872, a daughter of Andrew and Susan Mangier. Dr. and Mrs. Donovan became the parents of the following children : Herschel, Lora, Glenn, Grace, Florence and Cannon. Mrs. Donovan died July 13, 1915. In politics Dr. Donovan is a Republican, while his fraternal affiliations are with the Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias, both of Cerro Gordo.

DOVE, John H., who for many years was a hardware merchant of Monticello, was born in Clark County. Ohio, and came to Piatt County in 1853. In 1870 he moved to Monticello. In 1860 he was married to Catharine Williams, and they had seven children : Lillie, Willie, Edward, Addle, John, Alice and an infant.

DOYLE, Aaron C, vice president and general manager of the Cerro Gordo Telephone Com- pan.v, ex-mayor and ex-postmaster of Cerro Gordo and a man widely and favorably known all over Piatt and JIacon counties, is one of the most highly respected business men of Cerro Gordo. He was born in Oakley Town- shiii. Macon County. 111.. December 5. 1.868. a son of Owen and Frances (Hudgen) Doyle, na- tives of Pennsylvania and Kentucky, respec- tively. After their marriage, the parents came to Illinois, locating in Oakley Township, Macon County, where both died during 1872-3. Their children were as follows : Rosette, who is Mrs. George Peck, of Long Beach, Cal. : William T., who lives at Maryville. Mn. : .Tames, who is deceased: and Aaron C.

Aaron O. Doyle attended the district and high schools of Cerro Gordo, and resided with his motlier mitil her death in 1873 when he went to live with his sister. Mrs. George Peck, with whom lie remained until 1891. at which time he moved on an eighty-acre farm he owned in Wil- low Branch Township, and this he conducted until 1.89.1. In that year he came to Cerro Gordo, and lived retirwl for a few years, then with Oscar Yarnell and Melvin Welty. promoted and built the telephone line in Cerro Gordo and vi- cinit.v. About 1902 they organized a stock com- p.any. with Oscar Yarnell as president: Mr. Doyle as vice president : and F. A. Bowdle. Lewis Wise and B. F. Huff as a board of directors. The company, which oiierates under the name of the Cerro Gordo Telephone Company, has the Bell and independent long distance and local service, ami two miles of standard underground conduits. The company have placed over 700 telephones with the exchanges at T/a Place and Oakle.y. and reach Milmine. Lintner. T,ake City and Casner with their own lines. They have the be.st country system in the state. Mr. Doyle served as jiostmaster of Cerro Gordo from 1909

/■

^^'^r'?^Jti.

■- ■'?.'

11

fi • I ■ .11 • I I ill I I I .1 I • I f

■ I ■ .-^V;

I i I f

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

woiiiiO' .i or taken a inUouvf. Mr. Dillon be-

longed to Sadi'ii.v	!■■'<• 1 . \ Ji.. nn(J was as
popular in If	.•r known, and
his inenior} i	■ >e who recog-
nlzeil his I.,.-	■U'S. A station
called 1";	i>illon farm, and lo
cat(><l t' '	itor, erected by Uie
fariii(M> .
DOANE. EdwiBL	1... •denized for a number nt
years a-; •:■ ■■• ■■ ■ :■	•L.st landowners of Piatt
County	nltnralist of Wlllnw
Brai)<;li	iKui of whom nothine
hill •'	--■1. Ho ....-:-,-ss, j 1-,
111.	.|imlities w-
tl..	nitial and i
(•;; .	..|ple of Indu.-.: : ,,.
ritfiii 1.	■ U In the comuuiuity wliere
for so .	• (iis home. Edwin Doane
was liii'i,	a. ].S."8, a .son of Noble and
Sniunnrhrt it.uiuf.	uiifive.s of ConueetJout.

After a Imyhixid spent in attendance at the loiiil schof'l.*. and work uixm the farm, Edwin Donne hecjiine a farmer, conducting: rural prop- ertie.-: in Ohio until l.'^TI when he moved to Piatt County, III., and bought seventy acres and later added fifty acre.s, making ]20 acres in his home farm in Willow Branch Township. To this he added 100 acres, and later bought ICO acres in DeWitt County. 111., and continued to operate his Piatt County land until his death, which occurred June 17, 1910.

In 18C8 Edwin Doane was married to Nan- nie E. Sbaff, born in Ohio, a daushter of Fred- erick and Nannie (.Tordan) Sbaff, natives of Pennsylvania and Missouri, respectively. Mr. and sirs. Doane became the parents of the fol- lowini; children : Claude, who lives at Coving- ton, Ind, ; Clement J., who lives in DeWitt County, III.; and Charles, who lives in Willow Branch T..>vn^l,n Sftii' flip death of Mr. Doane. ^i i 'inestead, and

buying ».ljice 111 family is ,m,. ones of Plan several niembc

Cisco, has

■^':^i' Doone

lionored

irice the

,. merited.

DONOVAN, Hershel V.. M. D., <m» -^r »h/. ht»>i1y

(rained iihyslcians and surgeons . •• '•■

is engaged in an r.ctlve pmctin- . Tie was Ijorn at Cornishville. K>

a son of Dr. .T. D. and Mary ntn-..:, ,,

van. natives of Kentucky. It is a remarkable fact that not only was the father a physician, tmt that all of his seven sons belonged to that same learned profession.

Dr. Donovan came lo Lovington. III., in 1.S87 and there attended both the grammar and high schools, being gi-aduated from the latter at the age of sixteen years. Later he matriculated at the College of Ph.vsiclans and Surgeons. St. Ixmfs. Mo., from which be was cniduated In March. IROfi. and for the siif-ceeding one year was in active practice at Lovington. III., but then went to Toledo. 111., and remained there in practice for seven years. For the subsequent

four years he was at Oakley. 111., and then

eame to Cerro Gordo, where he has since r^

inained. His skill, sincerity and personality

have been strong factors In the upbuilding of the

>iii. li.:.!;.. h. now enjoys, and no man stands

Ills fellow practitioners.

viil. Dr. Donovan was mar-

^f;lll•_'!!^;• l.orn at .Sullivan,

of Andrew and

'■uovan became

1 Iren : Ilcrschel,

■' (;annon. Mrs.

'■ ■ iu politics Dr.

'.'.. fraternal

i 'w^ and

iu lSr..'i. lu l^Tu . 18W he was mari • and they had sevn Edwiird, Addle. John. .»

DOYLE, Aaron C, vice manager of the Cerro ('.■ ;

pany, ex-m.nyor and ex rro

Gordo and a man widelj ...i.iii.. vntiwn

all over Piatt and .xfncon counties, is one of the most highly rfsijected business men of

Vlcy Town- '■ l.s&S, a ' loyle, na- 1- respec- nts came i;'. Macon 7.:;. Their Kosette. who is Mrs.

Cerro Gordo. lie was h'

ship, M:icon County. Ill

SOD of Owen and Franii-

tlves of Pennsylvanl.T i

lively, .\fter their marrl

to Illinois, locating in Or^

County, where both died

children were as follows:

(Jeorge Peck, of Txing Beach, l"!«l. : William T.,

who lives at Maryville. Mo.: .Tames, who is

decerned ; jiiid Aaron C.

.V.-iriHi C. Doyle attended the district and high schools of Cerro Gordo, and resided with his mother until her death in IS".*? when he went to live with his sister. Mrs. George Peck, with whom be remained until 1S91. at which time he iiKived on an eighty-acre farm he owned In Wil- low Branch Township, and this he conducted

' "-'0". In that year he came to Cerro Gordo,

■li retired for a few years, then with .irnell and Melvin Welty. promoted i,">4 ,M in i'lc telephone line In Cerro n-i ' dnity. About 1902 they organ''/- l>any. with Oscar Yarneli n< Doyle as vice presil ■ ' r

Lewis Wise and B. I' -h.

The company, wbi' ' •'•<>

of the Cerro (: ■ ' '•«

Bell and iiifi i!

service, and ' >A

conduJt.s. Thr -.iif . '00

telephones with tlic . id

Oakley, and reach \ ity

and Casner wit' • i ■•■> nav«

the l>est coun^ ' ife. .Mr. Doylc

serve<l lis ;...--! '..rdo from 1909

: ,!.

^V22/'?'z,e-4^ '^^^^^^-'^'^^^''^

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

737

to 1913, when the change in the administration removed him from office. For five terms, or ten .years, he was mayor of C'erro Goi-do. and for several years was chairman of the Piatt Omuty Republican Central Committee, and for twelve years has been chairman of the Republi- can Township Central Committee of Cerro Grordo.

On January 14, 1891, Mr. Doyle was married to Josie Jones of Cerro Gordo, a daughter of George B. and Louise Jo)ies. Mr. and Mrs. Doyle have had no children of their own, but have reared a nephew of Mrs. Doyle, named George B. Jones. Mr. Doyle is a Mason in high standing, and belongs to all the branches of that order, including the .Shrine, and has been wor- shipful master of the Blue lodge for four terms. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias, having held the otfice of chancellor of that order for two terms. Few men stand any higher in public esteem than he. and his long public service In various capacities have endeared him to the people of his vicinity, and taught them his abil- ity and con.scientious performance of duty.

DRESBACK, John P., certainly was one of the forceful men of his times in Piatt County, and a man universally respected by a wide circle of friends and business associates. On August 20, 1S35, he was born, his ijarents being Gabriel and Maria (Piles) Dresback. His grandfather, John Dresback, was born in Germany, but came to the United States, and after stopping for a time in Bucks County, Pa., came on as far west as Ross County. Ohio, where he died. In 184S Gabriel Dresback brought his family to Edgar Count.v, 111., and there his wife died soon after arrival.

From the time he was seventeen years old John P. Dresback was self sn|>porting, working as a carpenter. When he felt tliat conditions were such that his country had need of him as a soldier, he did not let personal considerations deter him, but enlisted for service during the Civil War in Company E. One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Tliis regiment was sent against General Morgan dur- ing the famous Morgan raid, along the Ohio River, and after the capture of the Confederate brigadier-general in 1SG3, the regiment went to Kentucky and then to Tennessee. Mr. Dresback participating in several important engagements, including the siege of Knoxville. Huff's Ferry and Campbell's Station. He was in the Atlanta campaign from the beginning to the close, and then was sent under General Thomas to Nash- ville, and took part in the battle of Franklin and many skirmishes. Not only did he escape capture, but he was never wounded, and was in the hospital but once, and that at AUiany. Md. In June. I860, he was mustered out at Salisbury. N. C., and came back to Illinois. For some years thereafter he worked at his trade in Monticello. and then bought eighty acres of land in Monti- cello Township. Thirteen years later he sold this and bought a farm of 160 acres in Goose Creek Township, on which he moved in 1882,

and he conducted this farm until February. 1903, when he moved to De Land, into a modern resi- dence he had just erected.

On March 25, 1868, Mr. Dresback was married to Anna R. Miles, born in Hardy County, Va., which is now included in West Virginia. The family moved from the old home on April 3, 1862. owing to conditions suiierinduced liy the Civil War, with two teams, one for the famUy and one for the household goods. One of these teams was driven by Mrs. Dresback and her sister and the other by her father and sons, while the father and small boys drove the stock. The father had owned an 800-acre farm in A'ir- ginia, and had owned a farm of 160 acres of land in Willow Branch Township, Piatt County, since 1855. and this was their objective point. The land was all in the prairie and much hard work was required to put it in shape. Here the father died as did the mother.

Mr. and Mrs. Dresback had the following chil- dren : Lena, who is Mrs. John O. Briggs of Sand I^ake, Mich. : Charles Edwin, who lives at St. Louis. Mich. : John Weston, who lives in DeWitt County, 111. : Jessie \'ernon. who married T. J. Ennis, lives at Wagner, 111.; Irma Catherine, who married J. F. Rankin, lives at Sidney, 111.; -Vrtliur Miles, who died at the age of three years : Robert Chester, who is on his mother's farm; and Eva Myrtle, who is Mrs. L. E. Cath- art, lives at De Land. Mr. Dresback died Oc- tober 10, 1913. and is liuried in the cemetery at Do Land. He was a man who took his pleas- ure in his home, and deliglited to have his chil- dren and theii' families al)out him. For some years he was an interested member of the local G. A. R. Post. In 1861 Mrs. Drpsl)ack joined the Methodist Church. ;ind Mr. Dresl)ack was also a memlier of tliat church. Home loving, genial and considerate. Mr. Dresback had many friends and his worth was appreciated in his comniiinity.

DUBSON, Samuel, one of the important agricul- turalists of Piatt County is operating 420 acres of land in Goose Creek Township. He was horn in Berks Count.v. Pa., October 27. 1848. a son of Reuben and Elizabeth (Grieiswite) Dubson, natives of Berks Comity, Pa. In IS.5.5 they came to Piatt County, Illinois, and located in Sanga- mon Township, ^A'here the father rented land, so continuing until his death, which occurred in that township, where the motlier also passed away.

Samuel Dubson was educated in the district schools of Piatt Comity, and when eighteen years old began working by the month for farm- ers, so continuing until he reached tlie age of twenty-three years. At that time he rented land and farmed for himself in Sangamon Town- ship .and in Willow Branch Townsiiip. as well as in other townships of Piatt County. In 1904 he moved fin the old Abraham Marquiss farm in Goose Creek Township, comprising 420 acres of land. 100 acres of which is in timber and pasture, and the balance is under cultivation.

In 1879 Mr. Dulison was married to Ella Var-

738

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

uer, bom in Piatt County. III., a daughter of Andrew aud Emily (I'aluter) Varner, natives of Maryland. Mr. and Mrs. Dubson became the parents of the following children : Ada and Mary, who are at liome; Emma, who is Mrs. Orvllle Daugherty, of Piatt County, 111. ; John, who is of Rantoul. 111. ; Andrew, who is deceased ; Lanra, who is at home ; I'earl, who is Mrs. Bedel Bloomer, of Unit.y Township ; Doroth.y, who is at Monticello ; and Grover, Gladys, Adali, Ford, and Robert, who are at home. In politics Mr. Dubson is a Democrat, and since 1890 has served his district as a school director. In fraternal matters lie is a Ma.sou and belongs to the lodge at Monticello. A hardworking man. he has di- recte<l his energies along agricultural lines, and deserves the success which has attended him.

DUNCAN, Augustus C, postmaster and a gen- oral niercliaiit at Lintner, 111., was born in York County. I'a.. August ;jl. 1S.j7, a son of Israel and Susanna (Henry) Duncan, natives of Adams County, I'a. The parents were farming people who died in York County, Pa., the father in ]!"Xl. and the mother in ]8'.K).

.Vugustus C. Duncan attended the common schools of York. Pa., the academy and New Ox- ford College at York. Pa., and also Smith's Col- lege, and made himself useful on the homestead until ISffl. In that year he came to Illinois, and for three years thereafter taught school at Lintner. and Prairiehall. and for four years was princiiial of the school at Milmine. From there lie went to La Place, and was prineii)al of schools there for eight years. In 1895 he bought an interest in tlie luisiness owned by his brother. Jerry M.. and a Mr. Glasebrook, the two form- ing the firm of Duncan Bros., which still con- tinues. This firm carries on a general merchan- dising business, handling in addition to dry .goods, agricultural implements, coal, grain aud similar commodities, and it owns a grain eleva- tor at Burrowsvillc. 111., and one at Lintner. Since he went into business at Lintner. Mr. Duncan has been postmaster at this place, and from it operates one rural free delivery I'oute in addition to the village business.

In August. INS."). Mr. Duncan was married to Mary Gannon, born at Decatur, 111., a daughter of W. T. and Barbara ((Jarver) Gannon, the latter of whom was born in Pennsylvania. Mr. and Jlrs. Duncan became the parents of the following children: Kenneth, who is at home' Cedri<'. who died at the age of eight years, aud Helen who is at home. In politics Mr. Duncan is a Kepublican. .V Mason in high st;inding. he belongs to Lovington Lodge. A. F. & .V. .M.. I'.e- ment Chapter. K. .\. M.. Decatur Comniandery. Iv. T.. anil is also a member of the La Place LodL'e of Odd Felbiws. and La Place Camp. -M. W. A. In IS'.Ki he heliied to organize .and was one of the charter members of the La Place Lodge of Odd I'>llows. having joined th.-it order in bSSS. while residing ;it Milmine.

DUNN, Thomas, was born in Kentuclcv, and (■.line to Piatt County in ls.'-,o, and died in

January, 1S79, at which time lie owned 160 acres of land in Piatt County, but for a num- ber of years prior to that had been a pros- lierous merchant of Bement. He was married in 1S4.'1 to Catherine Freeman, and their chil- dren were as follows : Thomas A., Joel, Bettie, Geneva, Mrs. Thomas Sterling, aud five who died earlier in life.

DYARMAN, Byron E., one of the substantial citizens of Piatt County, carries on general farming and stockraising in Willow Bnineh Township, operating 400 acres, 200 of which lie three miles from his home aud 200 com- prised in the farm on which he li^-es. He has been a resident of Illinois since childhood but w^as born in Licking County, Ohio, February 18, 18t)2. His parents were Philip and Sarah Louisa (Evans) D.yariuan, the former of whom was born at Uniontown, Pa., in 1820. and the latter at Newark, in Licking County, Ohio, July 12, 1S.SG.

Philip Dyarman was a child when his par- ents removed from Pennsylvania to Licking County, Ohio. He had the usual school advan- tages of the time, attending until sixteen years of age and then determined to learn a self-sup- porting trade. For this purpose he went to Brownsville and there, under John Oldham, learned the harnessmaking trade and remained with Mr. Oldham for the next fifteen years, after which he spent a short time on a farm. In November. 1800, he came with his family to Illinois and settled at Bement, in Ilatt County, starting work in this village at his trade and continued for two years when he decided to try farming and worked for the next seven years on the farm (if L. B. Wing. For the next four years he engaged in farming for himself in Bement Townshiii. About this time he was given an opportunity to work in the flour mill at Bement, for Halderman & Co.. and this seemed very satisfactory both to himself and his employers for he remained with the above Hrm for twent,v-one years. He ^^■as a man of great energy but advancing years finally com- pelled him to retire from hard work and in 1896 he .gave up and two years later, in November. 1898, passed away at the home of his son Byron. On March 12. lS."i<!. in Ohio, he was married to Saraii Louisa Evans.

I'.yron E. Dyarman attended school at Be- ment. 111., until he was eighteen years old and then assumed the responsibility of a farm in Bement Township and conducted it for three years. In the meanwhile C. F. Tenny was con- ducting a creamery at Bement and Mr. Dyar- man be<-ame one of his employes and continued such f(n- four and one-half years aud then went back to farming for five more years in Bement Townshi|i. In 1S!>4 Mr. Dy.irmau moved to the .\. D. Siders farm in AVillow Branch Town- ship, where he still lives. He does general farm- ing, devoting much attention to grain and also raises some stock, keeping about twenty-fivie head of horses and the same of cattle To suc- cessfully manage so large an acreage keeps Mr.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

739

Dyai'iiian a busy man but it is said iu his sec- tion tliat lie finds time to be a kind neighbor and a good citizen.

Mr. Dyarnian was married February 19, 1889, to Lucie Sprague, who was born iu Coshoctou County, Ohio. May 29, 1863. Mr. and Mrs. Dy- arman have three daughters: Mabel, who was bom December 23, 1889, is the wife of Earl Totten and they live iu Bement Township; Margaret, who was boru March 16, 1898, and Carrie, who was born October 5, 1901, both re- side at home and attend the high school at Bement.

The parents of Mrs. Dyarman were Maro and Elizabeth (McKee) Sprague, the latter of whom was born in Coshocton County, Ohio, Septem- ber 16, 1840, and died January 13, 1871. The father of Mrs. Dyarman was born in Coshocton County, Ohio, December 21, 1S37, and died at the home of his youngest daughter at Milmine, III., September 3, 1912. His second marriage was to Margaret Beail, who was born in Harri- son County, Ohio, September 6, 1839, and died February 8, 1899. In the fall of 1871 Mr. Sprague brought his family to Illinois and em- barlied in a grocery business at Bement, in partnership with his brother, in which he con- tinued until 1878. He then worketl in the grain ofHee of J. C. McCord, at Bement, for the next twelve years. After the death of his second wife, he spent his time with his two daughters, dying at the home of the younger, Mrs. Lizzie Sprague Baker near Milmine, 111.

DYER, Isaac, was born in Virginia in 1812, and came to Montieello at an early date, where Mr. Dyer worked as a carpenter. He was married to Catherine J. Carothers in 1833, and their children were as follows : Thomas C, Mary, Ann, Laura, Merab. Mr. and Mrs. Dyer were consistent members of the Methodist Church.

EAST, Thomas, came to Piatt County in 18C4, buying a farm of eighty acres in Cerro Gordo Township, where he died a few mouths later. He was married in 1832 to Priscilla McCracken and they had the following children : Mrs. William L. Hammer, Mrs. J. L. Davis, William H., Leander, Quincy, Joseph, Wheatley, Francis O., Ulric, Oscar, and Homer.

EDIE, William Henry, who was for many years one of the substantial farmers of Piatt Coinity. was born in Hancoclv County, Ohio, February 27, 1842, a son of Robert and Margaret (Smith) Edie, of Scotch descent. The parents died when their son was ton years old, and he was bound out to Rnlert Patterson, a tanner, with whom he remained until he enlisted for service during the Civil War. in Company L, in an Ohio volunteer infantry regiment, and served until the close of the war. Following his honor- able discharge from the servic-e. Mr. Edie re- turned to Ohio, and made his home with a sister, Mrs. E. Bell, until February, 1806, when he came to Illinois, and hired out to farmers in Cerro Gordo Township, Piatt County for .$18 iier

month during the first season. He then worked for an uncle. M. B. Durjihy, at Decatur, 111., for soaie months, but returned to Cerro Gordo Town- ship.

Later Mr. Edie moved on a forty-acre tract his father-in-law had bought some years previ- v>us]y, iind on wbii-h he had built a house. Sub- seiiuently Mr. Edie bought live acres of land in Cerro (iordu on which was a fine uur.sery and trnit farm, and on it he lived for twelve years, lie then sold the place and moved to Monti- cello where he bought lialf a block on which was one cottage, and there he died February 14, 1914.

On October 0, lS6(i, Mr. Edie was married to Amelia 'Jane Funk, born in Washington County, Ind., a daughter of Abraham and Eliza Jane (McKinney) Funk, natives of Philadelphia, Pa., and Washington County, Ind., respectively. In 1849 Mr. and Mrs. Funk drove with covered wagons to Cerro Gordo Township, and bought an eighty-acre farm there. At this time there were no houses iu Cerro Gordo, and the grand- father buDt the first large house iu what later became the town of Cerro Gordo. Mr. and Mrs. Edie became the parents of the following chil- dren : Albert C, who lives at Montieello: AVal- ter X.. who lives at Decatur. 111.; Charles Edgar, who also lives at Decatur ; and Fred Lincoln, who lives at Montieello. Mr. Edie never received many educational advantages. Always a con- sistent member of the Methodist Church he served bis local congregation as steward and helped to build two church edifices. In politics he was a Republican. His fraternal connections were with the Odd Fellows, and he was also a member of the G. A. R. Since his death Mrs. Edie has divided her time between a sister, Mrs. Emma Tracy, of Cerro Gordo, and her children at Montieello.

EDWARDS, Wellington, was born near Buffalo, N. Y., February 14, 1S31, and came to Piatt County in 1854, buying land In Sangamon Township, his holdings at the time of his death, December 2, 1895, being 282 acres. On January 11, 1852, Mr. Edwards was married to Sarah Jane McPheeters and they had the following children : Susan J., Samuel, Willis, Joseph C, Selah R., Adeline, Almeda Ellen, Charles W., Alonzo L., Sarah E., Melcana, Harry V., and Harvey.

EMERSON, Charles, wlio was born in New Hampshire, April 15, 1811, came to Decatur in 18;J3, and began the practice of law. In 1850 he was sent to the State Assembly, and re- elected in 1851, and in 18.53 he was elected judge of the circuit court. He died in 1870.

EMIG, Zachariah, was born in Pennsylvania, and came to Piatt County in 1852, and for a number of years made Montieello his home. In 18.57 he was married to Mary Piper, and their children were as follows : Ella, Kate, Lizzie, Charles, Dolly, Minnie and Francis.

740

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

ENGLAND, Albert T., one of the representatire men of Monticello, and one of the heaviest land- owners of I'iatt County, was hoin in Sangamon County, 111., May lli, 1836, a son of John and Polly (Smith) England. John England was horn on a farm near Crab Orchard, Ky., hut was taken in 1S14, when about three years old, to a farm in Ohio, where his father alternated farming his land with preaching the gospel, marrying and burying according to what was called the Xew Light Doctrines. His farm of eighty acres ^^•as entered from the government in Sangamon County, 111., about 1S19, nine miles north of Springheld. After coming to this local- ity he organized the first church of his faith. It is probable that he died about 1S27, and soon after his death the family home and all its contents was consumed by fire.

John England followed in his father's foot- steps and also became a preacher, and at the same time carried on farming in Logan County, 111., on forty acres of land he entered from the government, and on 100 acres more which he later purchased, and this continued to be his home the greater part of his life. John England preached at Cantrall, Athens, Wolf Creek, Fancy Creek, Mt. Pulaski and other points on the Lake Fork, and for many years prior to the close of his life at Xiantic, in the Dingmon neighbor- hood. AlUiough a man of limited education he was very eloquent, but was too conscientious to accept any money for his religious ministra- tions, and carried his scruples into his busi- ness life, always being afraid that in some way he might get the better of the one with whom he was dealing. His mind was centered upon what good he might do to others. It was no un- common thing for him to go fifteen miles to preach in tlie evening, and then ride back home. So interested was he in religious matters that he would frequently sit up a large part of the night to discuss church affairs, while, .should the conversation turn on financial matters he would be asleep in less than ten minutes. A man whose actions were ever beyond reproach, he rounded out a blameless life and died in 18&1, talking to the last of his religious faith. He was twice married and reared nine children, five of whom belonged to his second wufe. Three of his own children survive, namely : Albert T. ; Lucy A., who is the widow of David Hubbert of Decatur, 111. ; and Elizabeth, who is Mrs. Ezra McMaster.

When he was tweut.v-three years old Albert T. England came to Piatt County, having found that here he could secure wild prairie land for from .$5 to .$10 per acre, and purchased eighty acres in Sangamon Township. Soon thereafter, however, he exchanged this land for another farm in Goose Creek Township, comprising 160 acres of land, forty acres of which were im- proved, having on the land a small house and barn. This e.xchange was effected through the kindness of his warm personal friend, Wni. A. Branch, to whom he has always continued to feel gratitude, as well as to the Burns family.

In ISOo Mr. England bought of Wm. A. Branch his farm for $10 jier acre.

On August 10, 1S62, he enlisted for service during the Ci\il War, in Company F, Second Illinois Cavalry, and was assigned to the Army of the Mississippi, and was assigned to patrol duty and scout service. He was taken prisoner on November 11, ISOo, at Biou Tash, in western Louisiana by Gen. Diclc Taylor's conuuand. but after five weeks was exchanged. His honorable discharge is dated June 15, lSi65.

Returning home Mr. England was married iu the fall of that year and moved on the above farm, that was principally swamp land. There were so many wild geese, ducks and cranes on this pi'operty that they would actually "blind the sun." This continued his home until Feb- i-uary, 1874, when he moved to Monticello, and embarked in a real estate and loan business wliich he still carries on. Mr. England's hold- ings in Piatt County amount to about 2,000 acres, all of which land he rents.

On September 12, 1865, Mr. England was mar- ried to Harriet E. Plunk, who was born iu Ross Count}', Ohio, a daughter of Jacob and JIary (Engle) Plunk, of Ross County, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. England became the parents of the follow- ing children : Charles E., who lives at Decatur. 111. ; George, who died in 1912, aged thirty-five years; and William H., who lives at Monticello.

Although Mr. England was given very few educational advantages, his attendance at school being limited to a few months in the district schools of his neighborhood, he is a well in- formed man, and thoroughly posted on current events. Casting his vote for Abraham Lincoln for the presidency of the United States in 1860, Mr. England has voted the Republican ticket ever since. His associations with the G. A. R. Post are pleasant. His religious con- nections are with the Christian Church, of which he is a consistent member. Fraternally he be- longs to Monticello Lodge No. 58, A. F. & A. M. A man of sterling character, he is held up as an example of one of the most desirable repre- sentatives of Piatt County.

ESHELMAN, William Elsworth, who is engaged in business at Monticello, is the proprietor of the only tailoring establishment of this thriving community. Mr. Eshelman was born at Clay- ton, 111., Oetoljer 12. 1876. and is a son of Wen- del and Hannah (Leininger) Eshelman.

Wendel Eshelman was born at Reading, Pa., where in young manhood he learned the trade of tailor. He was an industrious and skilled workman, and when he had firmly established himself was married to a .voung lady of Read- ing and continued to reside in that city until the early '70s, when he moved to Clayton, 111. In 1878 he removed with his family to Monti- cello, and here engaged in all kinds of work connected with his trade. At the time of his re- tirement, in 1012. he had a well ostalilished and substantial business. Mr. Eshelman was a man who was esteemed in liis connuunity as .-m hon- orable transactor of business, and as a citizen

^,

iP 'At^.

.1 I f I I • ■ I I I I • III

740

HlbTOKV OF PIATT COUNTY.

:.;auiou	<
1 11 ud	du
■a was	III
Kv., but	i>!
yt-.irs old,	ill.
:lt,Tiiarpcl	or

ENGLAND, Albert T., cue of the repreHenUtire lavn of Monti olJu. ami one of tti j boaviust land- owners of FUtii ■ .miiij', wu- i County, III., Mi.v Hi. ].v;iO, Polly ^SuiifU; l:r-i,iHl bora oil a fai' ■ was taken lu ! ■ to a f.inii i'j <• fan, ma cal k'H.1

, Ills father's foot- ■acher, and at the :,• iu LoKau <:ouuty, lU • entered from the

ii\« more which he .tiu :iiis lontiiiued to lie his iiart of his life. Johu Kiis;land t nil, Athens, Wolf Creek, Fanc-y :;i aud othecjioints on the bake 1".- .my years prior to the close of

hi- atic, in the Dingmon nelshbor-

hooiL Al!.);uui;h a man of liuiited education he was very eUninent, hut was too conscientious to accept any money for his religious ministra- tions, and carried his scruples into his busi- ne.ss life, always being afraid that in some w.<jy he niisrht get the better of the one with whom lie was deallu.s. liis mind was centered upon what good he m(s;bt do to others. It was no un-

coiMUion tliiii l)re«ch ib ' So interr- he woiiM night to

tllO '.'OU^ .

would !."•

man whoso a. (iCii.-- iv.

he rounded out a b!.

1SS4, talkii;-' I . i.:v i,

He was t '

fire of wIp

of his o\\ , .

Lncy A., wiio i.> liic

of Ocfatur. III.;

Ezra McMaster.

When he was twent.v-three years old AUtert

T. Knsland fame to Piatt County, having found

that here he cuuld secure wild prairie laud fof

from $,'5 to $10 per acre, and purchased eighty

acres in Sangamon Township. Soon thereafter,

however, he exchanged this land for another

f,-irin in Goos«' Creek Township, comprising 160

rt.^res of land, forty acres of which were Im-

• ' ■! in in- on the land a small house and

'I' ' ■■■■ liauge was effoi'ted through the

-i. ^- •; '.<',■ warm jiersoual friend, Wm. A.

i;.":uich, to .vlioin he has always continued to

f<i-l gratitude, us well as to the Burns family.

him to go fifteen miles to

and then ride back home.

in religious matters that

•;:> a l.ii'-'e part of the

viiile, should

! matters Up

ii.iiiiitcs. .\

lie .', BI..W 1.1' Uavid lud Kllzjilifth, who

In ISOo Mr. England bought of Wm. A. Unuu-h

hit, frtrrii fur «1'; T"^r acre.

;;SSli:iH(! to i:tirol

was taken prisoner

i Tish, in western

' otmuand. but

ills honorable

; ried in

. •■ above

There

en

ilig> ;., I'laK iicie.s, jiU of w

On .Septcuibc: . ried to Harrier i; I'liiiik, ii • County, Ohio, a daughter •■ i.lCiiglej Plunk, of Koss Conn .,. Mrs. Knglaud became the iwri-uc ing children : Charles V... who li'. • ill.; George, who died in 1912, :;. years; and William H., who lives :iL Ml'UI.'.liIo.

Although Mr. England was given very few educational advantages, his attemlaiice at school being limited to a tew months in the distilct schools of his neighborhood, he Is a well in- formed man, and thoroughly :ms: I vu cuijxut events, ("asting his vote U ' in

for the presidency of I!' u

IStiO. Mr. England has v ■ >ii

ticket ever since. His a> .o

G. .v. K. I'ost are pleasani

wita t'lo n.tisi' . h

nectii-:!; hi

■■ Kra'^.:;u.::^ ue be-

Sn. 58, A. V. & A. M.

.1 «•!•, he is held up as

rhc most desirable repre-

■ ounty.

1 in Elsworth, who is engaged 11". is the inoprietor of iiilisliiuent of this thriving i . ;:;lic!mau was born at Clav- ■ ■ 12. ISTC, and Is a son of Vc- :. . i.U lLt!iirai:.'i,-r) E^ln'Ii, ••! . >' ; ::U.I K.shLlniau % ' ■ wiin'ri Jji young mai of tJiimr. lie was :• workman, ami ■vihen h !. himself was miirrled to a iug and continued to resi'i the early '70s, when he m. In ^^7S he removed with ti; cello, and here engaged *> couiiectwl with his tr.ai i .

tirenient. in KtlU. he 1 A

substantia' I'ti-i:!- . _.\n

who was li; liiiu-

orable ;■ i cilizen

f

Vet/ '

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

741

who took an interest In his community's affairs. Ills death occurred at Montlcello, February 27, 1918, Mrs. Kshelman having passed away here in April, ISOS. They were the parents of the following children : Mary, who is the widow of P. W. Norris, of Montlcello; Kate, who is the wife of Frank Gregory, of this city ; Sadie, who married John McCamish, of Springfield, 111. ; Jennie, who married William Dresback, of Piatt county, III.; William Elsworth ; James, a resident of Springfield ; and Hattie, who is Mrs. Albert R. Unholz, of Princeton, 111.

William Elsworth Eshelman attended the grammar sci'.ools of Montlcello, to which city he ■was brought as a child of two years, and also spent one year in the Montlcello high school. Under the practiced eye of his father, he learned the trade of tailor, and, having inherited the elder's skill and taste, soon became a master of his trade. He worked in the establishment founded by his father until the latter's retire- ment, when he succeeded to the ownership of the business. His trade has grown to such an extent that he now employs a skilled assistant, and the business, the onl.v one of its kind at Montlcello, continues to develop and prosper. Mr. Eshelman is a good and public-spirited citi- zen, but his activities in public or political affairs are confined to his voting the Republican ticket at elections. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and has been clerk of his lodge since 1905. and also holds membership in the Royal Neighbors, of which he is manager of his lodge. With his family, he belongs to the Christian Church, and since 1915 has served as clerk and elder.

Mr. Eslielnian was married in September, 1901, to jriss ll.iltie Hough, who was born at Seymour. Ind.. daugliter of Frank M. and Jennie (Perry) Hough, natives of the Hoosier state. Mr. and Mrs. Eshelman have two children : Bernice and Verna.

EVANS, James C, born in 1825, was one of the early settlers of Bement to which he came in 1856, becoming a prosperous merchant and landowner of ICO acres of land in Bement Town.ship. Mr. Evans was also engaged as a lumber dealer and had other interests, dying March 5, 1903, at a ripe old age. He was mar- ried to Mary Elizabeth Hopkins, and they had thirteen children, of whom eight grew to ma- turity, namely : William G., Mrs. S. S. Jdnes, Mrs. George D. McKay, Albert A., Darley, and Mrs. H. A. De Vaux.

FARNSWORTH, E. L., was born in New York in 1S27, and for years was a hotel man and carpenter of Bement. where he located in 1S71. He was twice married.

■FAY, Harvey, county clerk of Piatt County, and one of the most efficient and economical officials the county has ever possessed, is a native son of this section, having been born at Bement. March 24, 1871, a .son of William Henry and Amy (Hunt) Fay, the former of

whom was born January 8, 1829, and the latter February 1, 1S3.3. The place of birth of William Henry Fay was Louisville, Ky., while his wife was born at Winchester, Ind. In 18.55, William Henry Fay came to Piatt County, but later went to Randolph County, Ind.. where he was married Jamiary 3, 1850. In 1862 he came back to Piatt County, and this has continued to be his home. The ancestor's on the Fay side of the house were of German and Irish stock, and they came to New England during the latter part of the seventeenth centur.y. The Hunts were of Eng- lish origin and settled in Virginia in 1G40, emi- grating from there to Jennes.see, thence to Kentucky, and from there to Indiana.

Harvey Fay was reared in his native township and attended the Bement public schools and La Fayette Business College. During his Iwyhood he became self supporting and worked diligently at whatever offered in order to earn an honest living. On December 27, 1894, Mi-. Fay lost his left arm in an accident, but with character- istic pluck so readjusted his life that no one now notices any lack in his efficiency, and it is doubtful if he himself does either. Possessing a natural aptitude for public attains, he soon became a dominent factor in politics, and a leader among the Republicans of his district. Upon many occasions Mr. Fay has been placed upon the ticket of his party, and elected to numerous offices, among them being town clerk of Bement Township for three years, tax col- lector for four years, village clerk of Bement for ten years, and in December. 1901!, he was elected county clerk and has held that respon- sible office continuously ever since. He has Iieen secretary of the Piatt County Republican Central Committee for nine years, corresponding secretary for the State organization of Super- visors, (bounty Commissioner.s, County and Pro- liate Clerks, and for one year was president of this organization.

Mr. Fay is very prominent fraternally, be- Ipnging to the Knights of Pythias, which he .ioined in August, 1S92, in which he has filled all of the offices of the subordinate lodge, and he has also been grand lodge representative and district deputy. He Is also an Odd Fellow, joining that lodge in December, 1907, has filled all the chairs of the subordinate lodge and the Encampment, and he also joined the Modern Woodmen of America about 1899. He is a Methodist.

Mr. Fay is unmarried. Forceful, aggressive and competent, Mr. Fay has ably discharged the duties of the several ofljces he has filled, and he is looked upon as one of the most reliable public men in the count.v. Courteous and ac- commodating, those who have reason to call upon him for assistance in his office find him never lacking, and it is an open secret that the future holds many possibilities for him, and ihat he has not reached his goal, but will be called upon to fill other and higher offices within the gift of the people he has served so faithfully and conscientiously.

742

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

FIELD, Albert, M. D., one of the reliable and skilled pliysiciiius and surgeons of Piatt County, who is conducting a general practice at Bement, was born in Wlmbledou, County Surrey, Eng- land, in October, 1S70, a son of William and Mary Field. They came to Kansas in 1S72, and the father bought a tannery in the vicinity of Ft Leavenworth and bought and tanned buffalo hides for three years. They returned to Eng- land in 1S75.

Dr. Field first attended school in England and was graduated from a medical school in Chicago, 111., iu 1002, following which he began practicing medicine at Chicago, and was a lec- turer, instructing the junior ami senior classes on special medical subjects at his alma mater for three years. Dr. Field was also on the col- lege board of censors. In December, 1900, he went to Stonington, 111., where he carried on a general practice until January, 1912, when lie came to Bement.

In 1S97 Dr. Field was married to Clarice Han- son, of Chicago, and they have two children, namely: Noble and Thelma. In politics Dr. Field is an independent voter. Fraternally he belongs to the Masons, Knights of Pythias and Mystic Workers of the World.

A member of Dr. Field's family on the mater- nal side was Sir Arthur Rolt, a member of Parliament, and a man of considerable distinc- tion iu England. William Field, father of Dr. Field, died in 1886, and although urged by Dr. Field, the mother has continued to reside in London, where she was born in 1S33, coming of a prominent English family. The children born to William Field and his wife were as follows: Frederick, who died at the age of fifty-four years, iu England; Arthur, who lives in Van Buren County, Mich.; John Morris, who lives at Seattle, Wash.; Jesse, who lives in Van Buren County, Mich.; Dr. Field; Emily, who lives in Yorkshire, England; Alice, who is Mrs. W. Jeffrey of London, England; and Elizabeth, who is Mrs. Harry Katte, of London, England.

FIRKE, Charles Wesley. From the beginning of histoi-y in the American colonies to the pres- ent day, "the IclmI ]irufession has pla.ved a very important part in the development and progress of events and the men who have and are giving their lives to the enforcement of law are those who are numbered among the most important citizens of the country. The rewards of the successful legal practitioner are many, for avenues leading to public preferment open up before him, but before he can enter them, many long years of careful preparation lie before him, and also those in which he must secure the experience that will enable him to distance others who are running the same race. For these and many other cogent reasons, the law- yers of the country are accounted the most intelligent and lirilliant men of any community, and one who has always shown that he pos- sessed these qualities is Charles Wesley Firke of Mansfield.

FIRKE, William Henry, bank president, heavy landowner, one of the leading stockmen of the country, and a man whose sound judgment and business capacity places him in the foremost rank of successful men of this part of the state, is an excellent example of what can be accomplislied through agricultural activities by one with intelligence and natural inclination for this kind of work. Mr. Firke was born at WLseburg. Dearborn County, Ind., January 17, 1852, a son of Conrad and Annie (Aufencamp) Firke. The mother was a native of Hamburg, Germany. She early had an ambition to come to the United States, and to earn the money for her passage worked in Germany for nine years for the small wage of .fO l^er annum. Even then ber meagre means forced her to take passage on a sailing vessel, which took thirteen weeks to make the voyage, and she landed at Baltimore with $4 iu her purse, her ticket across the oceau having cost her .$50. During the last three weeks the rations given the pas- sengers consisted of a half a slice of bread and a very little water, so that an ordinary w'oman would have been in poor condition when she landed, but this stout-hearted German was not discouraged, but used her remaining money to pay her way to Cincinnati, Ohio, where she had friends. Through them she secured work as a domestic and so continued working until her marriage about 1S49.

Conrad Firke was a carpenter, but as Mrs. Firke had been reared on a farm and had great faith in the ix)ssibilities of farming in the new world, she induced her husband to buy sev- enty acres of land, covered with brush, on which there was a log cabin and barn. He did not have his wife's energy or constitution and did not long survive the change, and when he died January 29, 1852, left her with a tiny infant, and three other small children. Her farming equipment was very meagre for she had no plow, practically no furniture, while a blind mule, a few chickens and two or three cows comprised her live stock. Determined to get a start, she saved 100 dozen eggs and hauled them to Cincinnati, a distance of thirty-five miles, selling them for nine cents a dozen. With this money slie bought a plow. Her brother then joined her and together they conduc-ted the farm until she married again, her second husband lieing Henry Myers, by whom she had two sons, namely : George, who lives at Ames, Iowa ; and Henry, who lives at Greenwood, Neb. This remarkable woman died at the home of this youngest son, September 22, 1911, at the age of eighty-eight years.

William Henry Firke attendeil first a sub- scriiition school held in a log cabin, and later the public schools. He resided with his mother until he was .seventeen years old at which time his stepfather gave him the privilege to work for himself. He contracted to work by the month for .$17, and was so engaged for five .years, being principally employed in Indiana, and during that period his wages were increased from time to time. Inheriting many of the qnal-

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

743

ities of Ills reuiarkiible mother, he carefully saved his money, and his majority saw him with ITUO in cash, and he also had his share of the original brush farm, which netted him $700, so that he had a capital of $1,400. This he loaned out at 7 per cent, which amounted to $!*S per year in interest. As his wages only amounted to $200- in that time, lie used to say that he had another man working for him half of the time. In 1S74 he came to Farmer City, 111., to work for D. W. Smith of Blue Uidge Township for $22 per month. A few monthfe later he hauled brick for J. C. Smith's barn, and also made the mortar for it.

By that time desiring to begin farming on his o«n acconnt, he investigated conditions and Anally rented a sixty-acre farm, paying $3 per acre rent, but was given 10 per cent off for cash, so the actual rent was only $2.70. Two years later he bought 160 acres of land in Blue Ridge Township of partly improved land, for which lie paid $35 per acre, and made many improvements on it, including tiling a portion of it. This he sold in 18!)4 and bought 400 acres in Vermilion County, for which he paid $05 per acre. In the meanwhile he bought 240 acres of land that was all swamp, paying $40 per acre, and tiled it, adding forty acres more in 1890, for which he paid $100 per acre. In 1S88 he bought 320 acres in Blue Ridge Town- ship, paying $tiO per acre, and in 1800 moved on it and lived there for thirteen years, it being known as the Bill Lindsey farm. In 1903 he moved to the General Mansfield farm at Mans- field, that he bought in the fall of 1902 for $171 per acre, it containing 1721,0 acres. In 1914 he added twelve and one-half acres for which he paid $300 per acre. In 1912 he bought 665 acres of land in Gratiot County, Mich., which he rents. In the spring of 1016 lie bought the Ij. M. Fairbanks farm of 277 11-100 acres in Blue Ridge Township, for which he paid $.300 per acre, and 300 acres of land known as the Robert and Samuel McKee farm ad,ioining. Mr. Firke owns 320 acres additional in Kitchen County, Minn. He started raising and feeding hogs, cattle, horses and sheep, and in 1910 be- gan feeding and buying geese, and from 1910 to 1912 he was in partnership in this line with L. Clouser, feeding a carload the first year, and two the second. Mr. Firke then dissolved the partnership and continued alone .-md in 191.J he handled 32,000 geese, having increased hi.s business each year. In 1915 he shipped twenty-one carloads of livestock, comprising cat- tle, horses, hogs and sheep.

On June 8, 3893, Mr. Firke and A. .1. Lang- ley established a private liank with a capital stock of $10,000, and in 1897 organized it as the State Bank of Mansfield, with a capital stock of $40,000, of which Mr. Firke is presi- dent; A. J. Langley is vice president; Alvah James is second vice president ; and W. H. Burns is cashier. The surplus is .$20,000, and the deposits are $150,000.

Mr. Firke was married March 6, 1878, to Elizabeth J. Tetrey, born at Westminster, Md.,

a daughter of Jacob and Itebccca (Koop) I'et- rey, natives of Maryland. Mr. and Mrs. Firke became the parents of the following children: Anna Bell, who married September 12, 1900, J. K. Batemau, died September 16, 3912, at Los Animas, Col., is buried at Mansfield, 111. ; Charles W., who is at home ; Hitie P., who was born November 9, 1882, died December, 1887; Ada, who was born in 1883; Ralph W., who was born August 22, 1894; and Frank F., who was born Angust 7, 1896. A strong Methodist, Mr. Firke has been one of the trustees of the Mansfield church for over twenty years. A Democrat, he served as supervisor for one term, and has also been a school trustee. The life of such a man requires no comment. What he ■ has accomplished speaks louder than words with relation to his success, while his standing in the community shows that his association with any movement insures its ultimate accomplish- ment.

i^'ITZWATER, Da, one of the prosperous and progressne farmers of Piatt County, owns eighty acres of laud in Goose Creek Township but lives in Sangamon Township on the Fitz- vvater estate. He was born in Sangamon Town- ship, June 29, 1S66, a son of William and Mary C. (Marquiss) Fitzwater.

Like the majority of farmer's sons. Da Fitz- water attended the schools in his district and assisted his father with the farm work. In 1897 he began farming a portion of the home- stead, with his father and brother, William J all working together until the father's death in the tall of 1913, after which he, his brother and their brother-in-law, Willis Fristoe, worked the farm togetlier for two years. Since then pa and his brother have been in partnership in farming the Fitzwater estate, it beiucr 239 acres ui Sangamon and Goose Creek townships and eighty acres in Goose Creek Township' owned by Da, all of which they farm. The brother owns forty acres iu Goose Creek Town- ship. On it they carry on general grain farm- ing and raise horses, cattle and boss.

On November 24, 1897, in Champaign, 111., Da Fitzwater was married to Delia McFeeters' born iu Sangamon Township, July IS, 1875 a daughter of Benjamin and Margaret (William- son) McFeeters, natives of Ohio and De Witt County, 111., resiiectively. Mr. and Mrs. Fitz- water have the following children : Sylvia Marie born July 25, 1901 ; Elsie M., born April 13, 1913 ■' and Lola M., born August 27, 1907. In politics Mr. Fitzwater is a Republican. Havino- al- ways devoted himself to farming, Mr. Fitzwater understands his business thoroughly, and his property is among the most valuable in the county, and his methods are followed by many who recognize his expert knowledge in his line Mr. Fitzwater owns stock in tlie Farmers State and the Moore State banks at Monticello.

FITZWATER, William James, one of the pro- gressive farmers of Sangamon Township, and M young man of means and position, was born

744

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

ill this township JXaroU 22, 1890, a son of Wil- liam and JIary C. (Marguiss) Fitzwater, na- tives of Fayette County, Ohio, and Sangamon Township, Piatt County, respectively. Jesse Fitzwater, the paternal grandfather, was born at Haiper's Ferry, Va. After their marriage the parents located on a farm of 4(Jo acres in Goose Creek and Sangamon towusliips. In addition to this farm, the mother owned 100 acres of land in Sangamon Township. On thi.s property the father continued farming until his death No- vember 22, 19i:5. The mother still lives on the farm, and oversees its operation. There were the following children in the family : John, who is deceased; Joseph, who lives at Mansfield, 111. ; Estella, who is Mrs. Aquila Hays of Jet- more, Kas. ; Charles, who lives in Goose Creek Township; Da, who lives in Sangamon Town- ship; Nellie, who is at home; AUie, who is Mrs. W. D. Fristoe, of Bemeut, 111. ; Edna Blanche, who lives at Monticello ; and William James, who is the youngest, and has always lived on the homestead, and since 1910 has assisted in its conduct. After the death of his father, he and two of his brothers took over the man- agement of the place. Wlien the estate was settled, Mr. Fitzwater bought forty acres of land in (ioose Creek Township, and operates it in conjunction with the homestead. His edu- cational training was in the district schools of b.is native townshi]i. and four years at the Mon- ticello High scliool. In politics he is an Inde- jiendent Kepul)licaii. Mr. Fitzwater is not mar- ried.

William Fitxwater. father of William James Fitzwater, was liorn in Ohio, in April. 1S43, a sou of Jesse and Mary (McNett) Fitzwater. who in 18.51 came to I'iatt County. 111., buying land in Sangamon Township, after renting land for a time. The.v rounded out their la.st years with their son. William. Tu l.SO?, William Fitz- water was married to JIary Cerena JIarquiss, bom in Sangamon Township, Februar.v 4. 1848, a daughter of John and Harriet (Mallory) Mar- quiss. After his niarrL-ige. Mr. Fitzwater moved to 100 acres his wife owned in Sangamon Town- ship, but later acquired his homestead of 463 acres in Goose Creek and Sangamon townships and made many imjirovenients upon the prop- erty. He was educated in the district schools, but his wife had the additional benefit of a year in the schools of Monticello. William Fitzwater served as a school director for twent.v-five years, and was road commissioner for a time. In pol- itics he was independent.

FOSTER, Jesse Lorin, owner of one of the fine farms in Piatt County, is one of the progressive agriculturalists of Sangamon Township. He was born at Monticello, January 22, 1S67. a son of Joseph Green and Caroline (Waller) Foster, natives of Bellefonte. Pa., and Ohio, respectively, who were married at Clinton. 111. William Fos- ter, the paternal grandfather, was born in Penn- s.vlvania. but became an early settler of Piatt County, locating at Monticello when it was but a little settlement. Captain E. L. Waller, the

maternal grandfather, served as a member of the One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volun- teer lufantiy in the Ci\il War.

Joseph Green Foster, the father, was the first freight agent lor the Illinois Central Raili-oad at Clinton and was assistant postmaster there under Postmaster Van Druver. On April 28, 1849, he moved with his family to Bloomington, 111., and later came to Monticello, where he was deputy clerk for eight years of the Circuit Court. Atter completing his second term, the father moved to Monticello Township and farmed for si.\ years, then going to Sangamon Township, where he continued his farming operations un- til his death. March 4, 1914. The mother died in 1907. Their cihldreu were as follows : James E., who lives at Monticello; Jesse L. ; Charles M., who lives at Guymon, Okla. ; and Mamie, who is Mrs. John M. Bradley of Monticello.

Jesse L. Foster attended the public schools In Monticello and Sangamon Township, and re- mained with his parents until he was twenty- one years old. At that time he began farming on his own account, renting land until 1901, when he bought 100 acres of land in Sangamon Township which forms a portion of his pres- ent farm, to which he added until he now owns 256 acres all in one body. On this he has made so many improvements that he has developed his property into one of the best in the county, if not in this part of the state. His buildings, fences and equipment denote his etficiency and good management. He has always carried on general farming and cattle raising and also raises horses and hogs, conducting his business upon a profitable basis.

On January 22. 1889, Mr. Foster was married to Jo.sephine Olentine, born at Yellow Springs, Ohio, a daughter of Richard and Mary (Api)le- gate) Olentine. natives of Greene County. Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Foster have had the following children: Arthur Murray, of Monticello; Inez May. at home: Glad.vs Marie, at home: lona Clare, of Ch.-uupaign, 111.: and Florence, Walter L. and Roscoe Xowkirk. Walter L., who was uext to the youngest, died at the age of ten years. Mr. Foster is a member of the Inter- national Bible Students" Association. He has espoused the principles of the Progressive Re- publicans. In public service he held the office of tax collector for five years, and that of supervisor for two terras. Fraternally he be- longs to White Heath Camp, M. W. A., the Royal Neighbors, and the Monticello Lodge. I. O. O. F., and also to the Encampment of that order. A man of pi'ominence in his community, he has earned his standing through his own personality and ability.

FOSTER, Thomas J., D. D. M., is on<> of the men who are devoting their skill and trained knowledge to the preservation of the health and well being of live stock, and his name is known all over Piatt and surrounding counties. He was born in Perry County, Ohio, January 27, 1SS6. a son of David S. and Matilda J. (Love) Foster. The mother died March 20, 1915, but

MR, AND .\1HS. DAVID McBRIDE

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

745

the father survives, now living in retirement at Thornville, Ohio.

Dr. Foster iittended the common and high schools of Perry County, and the Ohio State University, following which he took a full course in the Ohio State Veterinary College, being grad- uated therefrom in the spring of l'J09. Im- mediately afterward he began practicing at Slonticello, buying the practice of Frank Bales, and since then has firmly established himself In the confidence of the peoi>le.

In June, lUlO, Dr. Foster was married to Agnes E. Nichol, born at Granville, Ohio, a daughter of Edward A. and Matilda (Green) Dale. Dr. and Mrs. Foster have had the fol- lowing children : William Leland, Lawrence Ed- ward, and Anice Elizabeth. In politics Dr. Fos- ter is independent, preferring to east the weight of his influence for the man, rather than for the party. He is a Chapter and Council Mason, belonging to Zodiac Grotto, and a Knight of Pythias, and is popular in fraternal circles. During the last few years Dr. Foster has built a fine brick hospital for livestock, where he is able to care for the animals he is treating under the most favorable conditions. He also owns his handsome residence at Monticello, and is considered a man of substance and high stand- ing.

FRANTZ, Wilbur E., one of the leading farmers and stock men of Piatt County, who for years was ojierating land in Cerro Gordo Township, is now the owner of a feed and livery stable at Cerro Gordo. He was born in Macon County, 111., April G, 1S92, a son of Levi and Miranda (Groff) Frantz. natives of Macon and Piatt counties. After their marriage the parents lo- cated on a farm of 100 acres of land in Macon County, and they also own 100 acres of land in Cerro Gordo Township. Their children have been as follows : Pearl, who is Mrs. Oscar Berry of Unity Township, Piatt County ; Mabel, who is Mrs. Joseph Hamm of Colorado City, Col. : Wilbur E. ; Lawrence, who lives at De- catur, 111. ; and Edith and Oi-pha, who are at home.

Until 1912 Wilbur E. Frantz resided with his parents, but at that time he went to live on a 128-acre farm owned by his father-in-law. and there spent two years. In 1914 he moved on his father's farm in Cerro Gordo Township, and since then has carried on general farming and stock raising, owning a fine registered imported Percheron stallion.

On July 3, 1012. Mr. Frantz was married to Rilla Turney. born in Cerro Gordo Township, a daughter of Amandus and Sarah (Garry) Turney, natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania, re- spectively. Mr. and Mr.s. Frantz have one daughter, namely: Ruby, who was born March 3, 191.3. Mr. Frantz attended the Hess district school, while his wife attended the Star and Pleasant View disti-iet schools. The PMrst Brethren Church of Cerro Gordo holds his mem- bership. In politics he is a Republican. A young man of energy and enterprise, he is likely

to succeed in his new venture, as he has in his other ones.

FUNK, Samuel M., president of the State Bank of Cerro Gordo, which he helped to found, and one of the most progressive men in securing the development of this part of the state, is a recog- nized leader in the affairs of Piatt County. He was born at l^ivouia, Washington County, lud., February 8, 1S41, a son of Abraham and Eliza J. (McKinney) Funk, natives of Pennsylvania and Indiana. The grandfather, Joseph Funk, was born in I'ennsylvania, while the grand- father, Alexander McKinney, was born in Ken- tucky. Both these grandfathers became early settlers of Indiana, and there the parents of Samuel M. Funk were married. In 1853 they came to Piatt County, buying laud in Cerro Gordo Township. The father died in 1890, and the mother, who sun'ived him, passed away at the age of ninety years.

Samuel M. Funk attended the common schools of Indiana and Illinois, and remained with his parents until 1861, when he went to live on a farm in Cerro Gordo Township. In August, 1802. he enlisted for service in the Civil War, in the One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Vol- unteer Infantry, and was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland. Later he became connected with the Army of the Ohio, and he took part in the battles of Resaca, Keuesaw Mountain, •Jonesboro, Franklin, and many others of equal importance, but was never wounded nor taken prisoner. In June, 1805, he received his hon- orable discharge in North Carolina, and was mustered out at Camp Butler, July 10, 1865.

Returning home Mr. Funk resumed farming, so continuing until 1883 when he embarked in a hardware business which he conducted for eighteen years in Cerro Gordo. Becoming then treasurer of Piatt County, he sold his hardware interests, but at the expiration of his four years of service, he bought back this business and conducted it until 1911, when once more he .sold it. In 1903, he became a stockholder and a director of the State Bank of Cerro Gordo, and in 1910. at the death of John Dighton, who was president, Mr. Funk was elected to fill his place, and has since been the executive head of this institution. Frank V. Dillatush is the vice president. The capital stock of the bank is .^SSO.OOO, while the surplus is $32,000. Mr. Funk owns 240 acres of fine land in Cerro Gordo Township that he rents.

On March 6, 1861, Mr. Funk was married to Sarah A. Chilson. born in Hancock County, Ohio, a daughter of William A. and Malinda (Cole) Chilson, natives of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Funk have had the following children : E. M., who died at the age of forty years; John E., who lives at Bement. 111.; Samuel E., who lives in Cerro Gordo Township; Elvaretta, who died at the age of twenty-eight years, was Mrs. Grant Huff; Cora A., who is at home; and Aaron L., who is teaching in the public school at \Miite Heath, 111.

Mr. Funk is a member of the Methodist

746

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

Cliurch, and has belil all tbe cliurch offices, aud is now eliairmau of tlie linaiice committee. In polities he is a Ilepublieau and served for five years as tax collector of the township, aud was also school treasurer. Cerro Gordo I'ost JS'o. 210. G. A. li., has in him a very enthusiastic un<l Iielpful member and be is now serving as ad.jutMnt of tbe post. A man of untiring energy and broad ideas, he has e.xerted himself to se- cure the adoption of measures that would tend toward the opening uf) and development of re- sources, and the conununity owes him a heavy debt fiir bis public spirit.

GARVER, John H., was born in Pennsylvania in 1825, and came to Piatt County when he was fourteen years old and located at Cerro Gordo in young manhood, and thereafter was engaged in grain buying and shipping until his death, in November, 1S9S. He was married in De- cember, 1S4S, to Sarah Jane Hudson, and they had the following children: Benjamin F., Samuel D., Mrs. H. E. McKinney, Charles A. and several who died in childhood.

GARVER, Samuel, who spent his declining years in Monticello. was bom in Lancaster County, Pa., March 0. ISOO. While living in Pennsyl- vania he was married to Anna Boyer, and their children were as follows: John, Joseph, Mary, Jacob, Jonas, Nancy, Jesse and Lydia. In 1S5.^> they came to Stringtowu Lane, Piatt County, and Mr. Garver invested quite heavily in farm land which he operated until he retired and went to Monticello.

GESSFORD, James William, now prosperously enaiged in conducting a harness making busi- ness and tbe handling of trunks and other leather articles at De Laud, is one of the repre- sentative business men of Piatt County. He was born at Farmer City, 111., September 14. IStl-'i, a son of Henry A. and Mary Ellen (Jackson) Gessford. The father was of French extraction, and the mother a native of England, eonnug to America when eight years old and to Farmer City, 111., in childhood, and there grew to matur- ity." The father became one of the merchants of Farmer City. The family went to De Land in 1S7:1, and there the father conducted a store and did painting and paper hanging, prior to going to Florida, where he died May 0, 1014. His widow resides at Monticello with a daugh- ter, Mrs. E. A. Johnson.

James William Gessford had an opportunity to attend the public schools of De Land and learn business methods in his father's establishment. When he attained his ma.iority. be began work- ing for neighboring farmers by tbe month, and after nine years of this kind of work, went back to Farmer' City where he learned tlie harness and saddle making trade, working at it for three years. In the spring of 1893 he returned to De Land and for several months, or until July of that year, continued to be employed at his trade, but in that month bought the harness making liusiness of J. L. Reed at De Land, and has con-

ducted it ever since. In addition he handles trunks, valises and similar goods, and has a large trade.

On September 14, 1S98. Mr. Gessford was married to .Nannie Amann, born in Farmer City, 111., a daughter of John and Margaret (De Vail) .Vni.inn, the former of whom was a native of Geiniany. Cntil his death in INltO, Mr. Amann Worked at his trade of shoemaking. Mrs. Amann sur\ives and lives at De Land. The religious attiliations of Mr. Gessford are with the Metho- dist Church of which he is a member. In poli- tics be is a Kepublican. One of the things relative to his fandly history of which Mr. Gessford is .justiflably proud is the fact that during the Civil AVar his father was a defender of tbe Union, serving in Company A, Forty-first lUiniiis Volunteer Infantry, for three years and three months.

GILLESPIE, Hammon Kuhn, (jiie of the repre- sentatives of the best class of farmers Piatt County produced, hut now deceased, was born in Pennsylvania, in 1S25, and came to this county in 1852, buying 160 acres of land which he improved and lived upon until 1S91, when he moved to Farmer City, and there he died, June 25, 1901. He was a Mason. In 1845 Mr. (iillespie was married to Nancy Moore, and they had the following children : Christian, George Moore, Mrs. Philip Wiedman, Samuel Joseph, John Wesley, Henry Martin, Mrs. Henry C. Eakin, Carl O., and Frank Leslie. Mr. Gillespie was largely instrumental in se- curing the building of the Big Four Railroad from L'rbaua to Peoria, and was superintendent of construction when this road was known as the Illinois, Bloomington & Western Railroad.

GILMORE, Henry Harrison, whose activities with referemc tn nioderu farming have idacod him in the front rank iif those who have made Piatt County what it now is as a producing center for foodstuffs, is now living in relative retirement on the edge of Farmer City. He was born October 5, 1S40, a son of William and Sophia P. (White) Gilmore, natives of Penn- sylvania and Ohio. They were married in Ohio in 1834 and moved to McLean County. 111., and in lS;^(i went thence to Fulton County, the .same state. The brother of William (iilmore had entered governuient land in Fulton County, and this William (Jilmore purchased. Of this home- stead, Henry II. (Tilmore now owns sixty acres.

In addition to attending the schools of his district. Henry II. Gilmore also went to Lom- liard Fniversity at (ialesburg. 111. I'ntil he was twenty years old. Mr. (Jilmin-e resided with bis iiarents. and then began farming on bis own .•iccount, first renting land near Canton. 111., liut some years later bought a farm in McLe.in County. 111., which a year later he traded for :120 acres in Goose Creek Township, Piatt ('ounty. .\lthongh he later sold this farm, de- fault in jiayment on tbe jiart of the purchaser residted in his having to take it back, and he later added to tbe i)roperty until he now has

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

747

S52 acres in Goose Creek Townshli) and De Witt County. Until the fall of 19l:{ he con- tinued farming, but then moved on a small tract of land comprising six and one-half acres of land on the edge of Farmer City. During the time lie has lived here he ha.s made many im- jirovements. either rehuilding or remodeling all the buildings, and introducing some very .suitable and desiralile improvements, so that he now has a very flue property. He is the largest stock- holder in the Farmers State Bauk of De Land nnd a director.

The children of Mr. Gilmore are : Charles L., who li^es in (Joose Creek Townsliip ; and Mrs. Rertha Wheeler, a widow, who lives with her father. Not only is Mr. Gilmore a member of the Methodist Church, but is a member of the board of stewards. In politics a Kepublican, the men of his party have turned to him for Iiublic service and made him a school dii-ector and trustee for twenty years. He has been a .iustice of the iience for two terms, and is now serving.

GOODMAN, Samuel A. (deceased), Avas for a number of .ve:irs a strong factor in the business life of De Lund, where his o|ierations were ex- tensive, and liis interests manifold. He was liorn at Piper City. 111.. May (!, 1808. a son of .Tohn and Sarah (Bellamy) Goodman, natives of En,gland. I'pon their arrival in the United States, they spent some years in Ohio, where the father was in a dairy business, and then came to Ford Cmnity. 111., where the father engaged in fanning until liis dentb which oc- i-nrred at Keniiiton. III.

During his boyhood, Sanuiel (J. Goodman at- tended the public schools of his vicinity, and learned farming in all its details on the famil.v homestead. Kenliziug the advisibility of gain- ing a commercial training, after attaining Ms ma.inrity he went to Chicago, and took a book- keeping course at a liusiness college in that city, and then «as with a large concern of Chi- cago as bookkeeper for four years. Later he went to Kempton, 111., to assume the duties of a similar position for a hardware and furniture and undertaking establishment owned by his brother-in-law. and in 1887 he embarked in a hardware and lumber business with a Mr.' Perry at Cabery, 111. Selling the business in 1801, he went to Rockford, 111., and established the wholesale cutlery house of (Joodman & Riggs Bros., and maintained this connection until the spring of ISOG when he sold to his partners and bought the lumber and general business of Charles Dewees, at De Land and at that time Mr. Goodman also established a hardware store and conducted it until his death which occurred August .3. 190."..

On November It", 1888, Mr. Goodman was married to Marguerite Keighin. born at Peoria, 111., a daughter of David and Mary (Cowley) Keighin, natives of Peel and Ramsey of the Isle of Man. The father was born in 1825. Sometime during the forties, they came to the United States and were married at Memphis,

Tenn., from whence the.v came to Peoria, 111., where the father became one of the earliest con- tractors of masonrj- in that city, building a number of the important structures in the early days. During the Civil War, he enlisted in 1802 in an Illinois regiment, and gave his coun- try his services until the close of the struggle, wiien he was honorably discharged. lie then went to the vicinity of Yazoo, Miss., and spent three years on a cotton plantation, but then returned to Peoria. Soon thereafter he went on a farm in that vicinity and conducted it until 1892 when he retired, moved to Ford County, 111., and there died April 7, 1915. The mother died Febniary 1, 1904, aged seventy-six years.

Mr. and Mrs. Goodman had two children : Frank, who is the official dairy supervisor for tlie University of Illinois; and Mabel, who is living with her mother. After the death of Mr. Goodman, Mrs. Goodman disposed of the lum- ber and hardware business and is living in De Land. Mrs. Goodman attended the liigh school at Galva, 111., and the Paxton Collegiate Normal Institute at Paxton aud was a school teacher in Ford County, 111., for years. Mr. Goodman was a member of the Methodist Church, to which Mrs, Goodman also belongs, and he was on its ofii- cial board for a number of years. A Repub- lican, he was called upon by his party to serve as town clerk and to hold other village offices. Fraternally Mr. Goodman belonged to the Mod- ern Woodmen of America and the Odd Fellows. His hiss to his communit.v was a .severe one, and his memory is held in grateful recollection by those with whom he was associated.

GORDON, John, owner of 130 acres in Unity Township for a number of years, located in Piatt County in 18(i(i, and died in ISSO. He was married to Anna Sloam, and they had the following children : Felix G., Rosealla, Mag- gie, Mary, Ida May, Catherine S. and two who died in infanc.v.

GRASON, Charles Fremont. Many of the men who were responsible for the development of the farming lands of Piatt County have passed to their reward, but it is only fitting that some record be made of their lives so that their names may be handed down to posterity. One of those who for many years was associated with tile agricultural activities of this section, was the late Charles Fremont Grason of Cerro Gordo. He was born in Scott County, 111., August 16, 1856, a son of William and Helen (Burres) Gra- son, of Scotch descent.

On September 21. 1893, Mr. Grason was mar- ried to Martha Chambers, born in Macon County, 111., a daughter of .Tames R. and Eliza- beth {Dicky) Chambers, natives of Florence, Ala., and Kentuck.v. Mr. Chambers was bom February 21, 1825, and died December 23, 1890, in Piatt County, III., where for years he had been a prosperous farmer. Mrs. Chambers was born November 4, 1822, and died May 26, 1903.

After their marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Grason moved to a farm south of Cerro Gordo, where

748

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

they spent oue year, and then went to a farm of 120 acres owned by Mrs. Grasou, in Cerru Gordo Township. Two years later they went on another farm for a year, then renting the farm of 120 acres, they went to Cerro Gordo, where Mr. Grason lived retired until his death March 30, 101.3. Later this farm of 120 acres was sold, and another one of ICO acre.s purchased in Milan Township, Macon County, which Mrs. Grason now rents. .Since the demise of Mr. Grason, Mrs. Grason lives alone, there having been no issue from the marriage. In jjolitics Mr. Grason was ;^ Republican. The Knights of Pythias held his membership. He so lived that in dying he left behind him a record for hon- est endeavor and successful conduct of his affairs, and he is remembered as an honorable man and good citizen.

GRIFFIN, Robert, located in Piatt County in 1S70, and was engaged in farming in Unity Township when he died in the later seventies. He was married to Louisa Thompson and their children were as follows: Mrs. John Bogard. Mrs. Christopher Denny, Mary Ellen, Henry Charles and William Edgar. During the Civil War Mr. Griffin served his country as a sol- diei-.

GRISWOLD, Earl A., cashier of the Citizens Banlv of Cerro Gordo, and a man of considerable importance in Piatt County, is also interested in agricultural matters. He was born in Cerro Gordo Township, Sei)tember 19, 1881. a son of John A. and Emily (Peck) Griswold. The fa- ther was born in Pennsylvania, in the vicinity of Pittsburgh, and the mother in Willow Branch Township, Piatt County. The grandparents, Adoni.iah and Mary (Ater) Peek, were born In Ohio but became early .settlers of Willow • Branch Town.ship. this county. The paternal grandjiarents moved to Indiana at an early day. hut .John A. Griswold at the same time came on to Illinois and went to school in Piatt County. Here he met and married Emily Peck, and they located on a farm in Cerro Gordo Township, where Mr. Griswold died in 1882. His widow never remarried, but has continued to make Piatt County her home and since 1891 has lived at Cerro Gordo. Their children were as follows : Maggie, who is Mrs. Allison Hord, of Lovington. 111. : Charles M.. who lives in Cerro Gordo Township ; Mary, who is Mrs. R. C. Macy. of Cerro Gordo Town.shiji ; William T., who lives in Moultrie County, 111.: Emma, who is Mrs. J. W. Slough, of Stigler, Okla. ; Cather- ine, who is Mrs. Cliarles Mash, a widow, of Cerro Gordo ; John, who died in infancy : Lewis, who lives at Decatur, 111. ; Aaron F., who lives in Cerro Gordo Township : and Earl A.

Earl A. Griswo'd was educated in the com- mon and high schools of Cerro Gordo, had his first business experience as a clerk in a gro- cery store, so continuing until 1901. when he entei-ed the State Bank of Cerro Gordo and in 1908 he became assistant cashier of the Citi- zens Bank of the same place, and in 1911 was

made its cashier, which position he still holds to the general satisfaction of all. This admir- able institution has J. C. Peck as its president, and S. J. Still as its vice president.

On April 19, 190G, Mr. Griswold was married to Harriet Isabella Balch, born in Cerro Gordo Township, a daughter of H. Alfred and Mary E. (Dobson) Balch. of Piatt County, who lived in the vicinity of Cerro Gordo. Mr. and Mrs. Griswold became the parents of two children, namely: John Alfred, who was born January 17, 1907 : and Mary Emily, who was born Jan- uary 7, 1912. Mr. Griswold and his family be- long to the Presbyterian Church, in which he is an elder. He was nominated for treasurer of Piatt County before he was twenty-one years old, and has always been prominent in Demo- cratic jioHties. Fraternally he is a Mason, and a member also of the Modern Woodmen of America. In addition to his other duties, Mr. Griswold is conducting a farm of 120 acres in Cerro Gordo Township that belongs to his wife and her mother, and is making a success of that as he has of everything he has undertaken ill his useful life.

GROFF, Franklin Henry, a man of progi-essive ide.-is and sound principles who is c-arrying both into his everyday work, is one of the rei^resenta- tive men of Cerro Gordo Township. He was born in Stark County, Ohio. November 28, 1862, a son ot' Reuben S. and Sarah (Kurtz) Groff.

Franklin H. Groff was reared as any farm- er's son, and in 1S8.T came to his jiresent farm in Cerro Goiilo Township, renting eighty acres of it for four years, to which he added oighty acres more, and in 1906 bought eighty acres of this farm. Two years later he erected on it a concrete block house, making all the blocks himself, and hauling all the gravel for the cement a distance of seven and one-half miles. He iiut in the concrete foundation, made a solid concrete floor, in fact the entire house is made of concrete. There are eight rooms and bath, with jiantries and closets, and the house is sup- lilied with hot and cold water, gasoline lights, and a hot air furnace. In fact it woild be difficult to find a city home with more modern conveniences. Mr. Groff did all his own finish- ing, decorating, etc. In addition to his house, he built a new hay barn, 52 x 56, and rebuilt his other barns, putting in a concrete floor in his horse barn. In fact his is one of the most mod- ern farming plants in this or any other county in central or southern Illinois.

On January 29. 1SS5, Mr. Groff was married to Charlotte Ellen Gunkle, born in Indiana, a daughter of Ben.iamin F. and Rebecca (Eich- ingerl Gunkle. natives of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Groff became the parents of the following chil- dren : R. B.. who died at the age of fourteen .years: Orvil. who is at home: Flora, who is Mrs. Earl Hendricks of Stark County, Ind. ; and Jesse, who is of Cerro Gordo Township. Mrs. Groff died October 8, 1898. In December, 1900, Mr. Groff was married (second) to Lydia Viola

MES. MARY A. McFADDEN

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

749

Gunkle, of Piatt County, a sister of his first wife. They have one sou, Raymond Harold.

GROFF, Reuben S., a prominent and substantial retired farmer of Cerro Gordo, who for many years was a forceful factor in the agricultural life of Piatt County, has honorably earned the ease he is now enjoying. He was born in Lan- caster County, Pa., on a farm in Earl Townsliip, July 8, 1S39, a son of Henry and Susan (Sho- waiter) Groff of I'l iirisylvania. In 1S47 the parents moved to Wayne County. Ohio, where the father carried on a guusmithing business.

Reuben Groff attended the common schools of Pennsylvania and Ohio, and early learned farming. As soon as he could do so, he began faniiing for himself, first oi)erating in Ohio, but in 18(18 he moved to a farm of 100 acres he had bought on the county line between Piatt and Macon counties, in Illinois, paying $9 per acre for this raw. unimiiroved land. After com- ing he began imjiroving it, and developed it into a very valuable property. Later he bought sixty acres two miles from Cerro Gordo, and lived on this farm, while continuing to conduct his larger property. In .Jaimary, 1904, he retired from active lalior, and moved to Cerro Gordo, where he has since resided.

On .\pril 20, 1862, Mr. GrofC was married to Sarah Kurtz, in Wayne County, Ohio. She was born in Stark County, Ohio, a daughter of Henry and Anna (Eshelman) Kurtz of Pennsylvania. Their children are as follows : Franklin, who lives in Piatt County ; Miranda, who is Mrs. Levi Frantz, of Macon County, 111. ; Laura M., who is Mrs. Charles Malony. of Battle Creek, Mich. ; David, who lives at Wawana, Ind. ; Cyru.s, who is at home; and Alta A., who is Mrs. Harry Flora, of Wabash, Ind. Mr. Groff is a Republican. For some time be served as township school treasurer, and was a very effi- cient official. The Church of the Brethren holds his membership, and receives his support. An earnest, reliable man, he has done his full duty and stands very high in his communit.v.

GULLIFORD, Mrs. Elizabeth, one of the highly respected residents of Mllmiiie. who is promi nent in church work, and a hea\-y property owner of valuable farm land in this county, was born in Ohio, August 2, 1840, a daughter of James Torrance. She was only a small child when her parents moved to Pennsylvania, and she was reared and educated in the schools of Mercer Comity. Pa. In 1S5.5 she was married to John Daily of Mercer County, keeper of a blast furnace in a foundry at Sharon Run, Pa. In 1862 Mr. Daily responded to the call of his country, and enlisted for service during the Civil War, in Company K, Penu.sylvania Volun- teer Infantry, and was killed a .vear afterwards at the battle of Atlanta. Mr. and Mrs. Daily had the following children : Elizabeth, who was married In 1881 to David Gulliford : Charles Daily, who is a large cattle raiser and lives at Carlinville, 111. ; and Fannie, who married Charles Hufline of Council Bluffs, Iowa. After

the death of Mr. Dailey Mrs. Dailey went to live with her mother, continuing with her iintil 1865.

In 1865 Mrs. Daily was married to William Gulliford, a native of England who had come to America with his parents when fifteen years of age. Two years later, Mr. and Mrs. Gulli- ford moved to Cerro Gordo Towushi]), Piatt Count.v, 111., where they bought 200 acres of land that is still owned by Mrs. Gulliford, and they continued to live on their property until 1900, when they moved to Milmine and there Mr. Gulliford died in September, 1907. Mrs. Gulliford has continued to live in Milmine ever since the death of her husband. They had the following children : Lillian, who married James Osborn. and lives on a farm in Macon County that belongs to Mrs. Gulliford ; Blanche, who married D. H. McLaughlin, lives at Cerro Gordo, 111. ; James, who married Sarah Miles, resides in Bement, HI. ; Maude, who married Mack Xoe, lives in Bement Township ; and Scott, who married Ida Fisher, lives at Deca- tur, 111, Mrs. Gulliford is a member of the Church of God in which Mr. Gulliford was an elder for thirty-five years. The family is a prominent one in Piatt County, and Mrs. Gulli- ford enjoys universal esteem, and deservedly, while her neighbors know her for a wonnan of kindly charity and sympathetic feeling.

HADDEN, Benjamin, a substantial agricul- turalist of Bement Township, is one of the pro- gressive farmers of Piatt Count.v. He was born in Marion County. 111.. November 17. 1873. a son of Charles and Mary CSpittler) Hadden, the former born September 30. 1841, and the latter, June 20. 1,842. both being natives of Marion County, 111. Charles Hadden attended the common schools of his native county until he was sixteen years old, at which time he left home. When his country had need of him, he enlisted for ser'vice during the Civil War in the One Hundred and Eleventh Illinois Volun- reer Infantry, and continued in the army for three years. After his honorable discharge at the clo.se of hostilities, he returned to Marion County and renting eighty acres of land, oper- ated it for about eighteen years. He then moved to Missouri, where he rented 100 acres of land, but after five years returned to Illinois, and rented land in Macon County. In 1886 he came to Piatt County, and from then on until his death in 1906, he conducted a rented farm of 190 acres,

Benjamin Hadden attended school until he was seventeen years old, and then began work- ing for his father, so continuing until he was twenty-two years old. At that time he rented land in Macon County and operated it until 1,S96, when he came to Piatt County, and fanned here for a year. Returning to Macon County at the expiration of that period, he was en- gaged in farming there for two years, and then came back to Piatt County, renting eight.v acres of land in Bement Township. Per three years he remained on this farm, and then joined his

750

HISTOKY OF PIATT COUNTY.

father in oiienitiug 300 acres of land. At the deatli of his father, he rented 120 acres more, and at present citrates 420 acres of land, of which he owns eighty acres, his first purchase of fort.v acres liaving been made in 1910, and hi8 second of the same number of acres being made in 1012. All his own and rented land is located in Bement Township, and on it he is carrying on general grain farming.

On August 2o, 189(1. Jlr. Hadden was married to Linnie A. Mitchell, a daughter of Hoff and Jane (Hudson) Mitchell. She was born Octo- ber 8. 1879. in Indiana, and came to Illinois with her parents when a year old. the family settling in Macon County. Mr. and Mrs. Had- den have had the following children: Russell, who was born August 1. 1807, is at home; Den- zil, who was born May 18, 1S99; Earl, who was born April .j, 1901 : Roy, who was born Decem- ber 31, l!Xi2; Hazel, who was born October 17, 1900: and Ethel, who was born December 17, 1909. In polities Jlr. Hadden is a Demo- crat. Fr.iternnllv he belongs to Beuient Camp No. 194, M. W. A., and Bement Lodge No. 199, K. of P. A sound reliable man, Mr. Hadden has earned his prosperity and the respect of his associates through his own efforts.

HALLSTEAD, John, who has the distinction of being one of the oldest as well as the most active of Piatt County's business men, is also a veteran of the Civil War and a well known Ugure in local affairs. He was born in Wyan- dot County. Ohio. .Tanuary 31. 182G, a son of James and Anna (Irwin) Hallstead of Dutchess County, N. Y.. who became very early settlers of Ohio where they were farming people.

The educational advantages of John Hall- stead were limited to tho.se afforded by the primitive log schools of his native state, but he made the best use of his opportunities, and experience and close observation have made of him a well informed man. Until he reached his thirtieth .year, John Hallstead remained with his parents, and then came to Piatt County, 111., where for a time he worked for the early settlers on their fanns. engaging himself by the month. Following that he did some farming on his own account, and then went to Chase County, Kas., where he worked by the mouth on farms during the sunnner, and engaged in trap- ping of .game in the winter. After about five yeaVs, he retured to Illinois, and was engaged in farming in the neighborhood of Cisco until 1900, when he retired to Willow Branch Town- ship. In 1914 he moved to his property at Cisco. In July. 191.5. he bought a Saxon run- about. Owing to his years, this connection with the business was considered remarkable enough for the company to have him photographed in his car and they use these pictures as a part of their advertising campaign, he being the oldest man who handles one of their cars.

In politics Mr. Hallstead is a Republican, and fraternally he belnngs to the Ma.sons of Cerro Gordo. In 1802. Mr. Hallstead enlisted for serv- ice during the Civil War in the Fifteenth Ohio

A'olunteer Infantry for a period of three months and re-enlisted at the expiration of that time in the Fifty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, be- ing assigned to the Army of the Potomac. The regiment saw active service in Tennessee. Geor- gia and other southern states, and Mr. Hall- stead was in the battles of Manassas. More- field, second battle of Bull Run, and others. He was taken prisoner at the battle of the Wilderness and confined in the prison at Rich- mond. Va.. near Libby Prison, for two months, but was then exchanged. His honoralile dis- charge was received in the fall of lso.5. As soldier and citizen, Mr. Hallstead has done his duty as he has seen it, and has so lived that his years of activity and usefulness have extended over a longer ])eriod than is allotted many, so that his example is one the rising generation will do well to follow.

HAMMATT, Charles B., one of the leading men of Cerro Gordo, who has made himself known throughout Piatt County through his skill as a veterinary surgeon, was born in Newtonsville, Clermont County, Ohio, in April, 1874, a son of William and Martha (Martin) Hammatt, na- tives of the Isle of Nantucket and Clermont County, Ohio, respectively. The father was a blacksmith until he went to Olney. Richland County, 111., when he engaged in farming, and died there in JIarch, 1900. The mother died in 1877.

Charles B. Hammatt attended the grammar and high schools of Olney. and then worked at farming on the homestead until 1895. when he went to Macon County, 111., and worked as a farm liand until December, 1900. At that time he went to Maroa. and studied veterinary sur- gery under Nisbitt Bros., until Decemlier, 1903, when he took a course at the Chicago Veterinary College, from which he was graduated in March. lOOC). Ixicatlng at Cerro Goiflo, he rented quar- ters for two years, and then in partnership with D. D. Blicke'nstaff, bought the Peck livery and sales barn. In July, 1911. he sold the Imililing and ground and bought a lot 99x89 feet on the principal business corner of Cerro Gordo, where he has built a fine concrete I>arn and hospital for animals. Dr. Hammatt has built up a fine practice, and his hospital is equipped with all modern appliances for treating the diseases of animals and making necessary operations, in- cluding electric lights and hot and cold water. He worked his way through college, and his success is entirely due to his own efforts. His comfortable residence was built by him at a cost of .<:4.00O.

On Decemlier 12. 1009. he married Mary Phil- lips, born near Hammond. 111., a daughter of Andrew and Anna (Harris) Phillips, and they have one son. Harold Wayne, who was bom June 2, 1913. Dr. Hammatt is a Democrat and served as deputy sheriff of Richland County for two .vears, and was precinct committeeman of Precinct No. 1 of Cerro Gordo. His fraternal relations are with Forsythe Lodge No. 700, I. O. O. F.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

751

HANELINE, Nathan, who was born in Novem- ber, 1815, in Ohio, came to Piatt County in 1824, and until bis death, in 1903, continued to reside in this county. For many years he was a farmer ol: Monticello Township, where he owned 210 acres of land. On November 12, 1S33, be was married to Sarah Souder, and they bad the following children : Mrs. Jacob M. Freeman, Peter, Mrs. David Sbipman, Sarah H., John and one who died in infancy.

HANNA, 0. D., was born in Pennsylvania in 1819 and was for years a carpenter and farmer of Cerro Gordo, coming to Piatt County in 1878. He was married in 1844 to Ann Thomp- son and their children were as follows : Mrs. William Pitcher, Mrs. Richard Hanna, Sarah E, S. L., B. F. and Stephen. O. D. Hanna was the first assessor of Woodford County, 111., where he lived for some years prior to coming to Piatt County.

HARDIN, William Thomas, cashier of the Cro- ninger State Bank of Cisco, is one of the sound, reliable and representative men of Piatt County, whose connection with the banking business of this locality entitles him to the respect and con- fidence be undoubtedly inspires. He was born at Homer, Champaign County, 111.. March 29, 1883, a son of George and Lucy (Pugh) Har- din, natives of Homer and Clark County, 111., resjiectively. The paternal grandparents, Wil- liam and Prudence Hardin, were natives of Ohio; while tlTe maternal grandparents, Sher- wood and Lavina Pugh, were natives of Wales. The parents of William T. Hardin were married at Danville, 111., but returned to Homer, where the father was engaged in farming until his death in 1S9S. The mother survives and lives in that neighborhood.

After attending the public schools of Homer, William T. Hardin took a course at the Uni- versity of Illinois, at Urbana, 111., and then engaged in farming in the vicinity of Homer until 1910, when he went to De Land and em- barked in a grain business, so continuing until 191.5. when he left DeLand for Cisco, coming tr> the latter place to become assistant cashier of the Croninger State Bank, of which he was later made cashier, niis bank was founded in 1897 as a private banking institution under the name of M. Croninger & Co.. but in 1911 was organized as a state bank of which E. O. Martin of Welden, 111., is president ; Charles Doane of Willow Branch is vice president ; and B. Pettingill is assistant cashier. The capital stock is .$50,000, the deposits are .?175,- ■ 000, and the loans are .$200,000. Mr. Hardin is a Republican and served one year as pres- ident of the village board of DeLand.

On April 14, 1905, Mr. Hardin was married to Ellen Anderson of Homer, 111., and they have two children, namely : Kenneth and Dorothy Maxine. A man of sound )irinciples and excel- lent judgment, Mr. Hardin is w-ell placed in his present responsible position, and his association

with the liank whose interests he conserves, gives it added strength in the coramuiiity.

HARSHBARGER, Samuel was born in Oliio in ISll, and came to Piatt County in 1837, and became one of the farmers of Unity Township. In addition to farming he cultivated liees, and was a minister of the Christian Church. He was married to Sarah Quick and they had eleven children, and after tlie death of his first wife he was married (.second) to Mrs. Melissa Holden, who died in 1870, and as bis third wife Mr. Ilarshbarger married Jiiss Eliza Randolph. His children were as follows: Mrs. Nathaniel Shonkwiler, Aaron, Mrs. Alfred Taylor, Ambrose, Jefferson, Isaac, Samuel, Mrs. David Corell, and Mrs. David Cade.

HART, John F., came to Sangamon Township in 1850 and died here in 1865. He was mar- ried to Mary Peacock and their children were as follows: J. C, Sarah, Mrs. James Parris, William, Mrs. George Fisher, Aaron, and George. John F. Hart was in the Black Hawk War, and several of his sons were soldiers dur- ing the Civil War.

HAVELY, Samuel D., was born in Pennsylvania in 1800, and came to Piatt County in 1837, and in 1838 moved to Willow Branch Town- ship, although his last days were spent at Cerro Gordo. He fenced off almost a half sec- tion with rails and became very prosperous as a farmer. In 1826 he was married to Eliza- beth Wiley, who died in 1850, leaving four children, namely : William, Mrs. Washington Allsup, Mrs. Isaac Reed, and Minor. In 1853 Samuel D. Havely was married (second) to Mrs. Rachel (Font) Reason and had several step-children.

HAWBAKER, Elim Jacobs. Able lawyer, learned jurist and effective citizen. Judge Elim Jaeoljs Hawbaker is a man who distinguishes any community in which he may reside and gives added dignit.v to any offices be may hold. He was born in Champaign Count.v, III., Octo- ber 1, 1880, a son of Henry and Catherine (.la cobs) Hawbaker, natives of Franklin County, Pa. In 1805 the father came to Illinois and established himself as a farmer in Champaign County, and then returned to his native place and married. He now lives in retirement at Mansfield. 111.

Judge Hawbaker after completing his public and high school courses, in 1899 entered the Uni- versity of Illinois at Urbana, and in 1901 niatric- lUated in the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Mich., from which he was graduated in June, 1904. For the fol- lowing two years he was engaged in an active law practice at Mansfield, with C. W. Firke, and in November, 1906, was elected county judge. So able did he jirove himself, that he was returned to this important office in 1910. his second term expiring in 1914. Following his retirement from the bench. Judge Haw-

752

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

baker entered uix)n the practice of his j^rofes- sion at Montieello, and is admittedly one of the al>lest hiwyers in this part of the state.

On .July •22. liiOO, Judjie Hnwbaker was mar- ried to Mary Stevenson, born at Montieello, a <laughter of Wilbur F. and Alice (Tolman) Stevenson. .Judge and Mrs. Ilawbaker have had the following children : Alice ( 'atherine, Wilbur Stevenson, and Mary Elizabeth. l<'or many years .Judge Hawbaker has been a prominent figure in Republican iKilitics, and was a dele- gate to the liepubliean National convention at Chicago in 1912. A Mason in high standing he has risen through the different degrees to the Mystic Shrine, and he also belongs to the Knights of Pythias. A man of the calibre of Judge Hawbaker shapes the policies of his com- munity to a certain extent, and his ixisition among his associates is such as to work out for the betterment of conditions and the continued advancement and prosperity of the county seat.

HAWBAKER, Henry. It is a fact to be noted that a large number of the most substantial men of any community at the present time, are those who gave service to their country as volunteer soldiers during the time of its great peril, when civil war threatened the unity of the nation. One of the old Civil War veterans of Piatt County, who is deserving of special mention is Heni-j- Hawbaker, of Mansfield. He was born in Franklin County, Pa.. August 4, 184."), a son of John and Elizabeth (Eyler) Haw- baker, natives of Pennsylvania and Indiana, respectively. After their marriage they lo- cated in Franklin County. Pa., where the father carried on farming until his death.

Henry Hawbaker made his home with liis par- ents until May, 186.5. He enli.sted November 10, 1862, for military service in the Maryland State Cavalry, which in 186.3 came under the control of the regular army. On Jtay 1.5. 1865. Mr. Hawbaker was honorably dischargeil, and returned home. At the battle of fJettyshurg he suffered a sabre cut on the head, but aside from that was not wounded during his period of service.

In 186.5 Mr. Hawbaker came to Illinois and until lS<iS resided at Canton, but in that ,vear came to Piatt County. bu.i.ing a farm in Blue Ridge Township. In 1879 he bought 200 acres in Champaign County, 111., .lust across the county line. At present he owns 160 acres of land in Piatt County, and 240 acres in Champaign County. His first farm of 160 acres he improvetl from raw prairie land, and it is now very val- uable. His Champaign County farm, which is in Xewcomb Township, was partl.v improved, but he rebuilt structures and added many im- provements, living on this property until 1904 when he rented this farm and moved to Mans- field, where he jiurchased a modern residen''e. In addition to bis Illinois farm land. Mr. Haw- baker owns 860 acres in Po])e and Hamilton counties. Iowa. .\t one time he owned 1.2S0 acres of land at P.utterfield. Waterman County. Minn., but has given tlie greater jiart of it to

his children. Since 1904 he has devoted bis time to merely overseeing his l)roperties.

In October, 187.5, Mr. Hawbaker was married to Catherine Jacobs, born in Franklin County, Pa., a daughter of Daniel and Susan (Shank) Jacobs, natives of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Ilawbaker liecame the parents of the following children : Elipbalet. who lives at Stratford. Hamilton County. Iowa: Elim, who lives at Montieello, 111.; Julia, who is Mrs. Frank Tho- man : .Vnua May. who is Mrs. Robert Morris of Butterfield. Minn. : Goldie. who is Mrs. Robert Clark of St. John, Mich.

While living in Xewcomb Township, Mr. Haw- baker served as road commissioner for three years, and was a school director in the same township for nineteen years, being elected to both offices on the Republican ticket. His fra- ternal relations are with Mansfield Lodge No. 773, A. F. & A. JI. For man.v ,vears he was a member of the Odd Fellows. A man of high principles and excellent business judgment, he has made a success of his life work, and is held in the highest esteem.

HAWKS, Stephen B., one of the pioneers of Piatt County, was an honored resident of Be- ment. He was born at Charlemont, Mass., Aug- ust 14, 1829, a sou of Orrin and Sojihia (Tay- lor) Hawks, natives of Buekland and Charle- mont, JIass., respectively, and they were married June 16, 1822, at Buekland. The grandfather was Reuben Hawks, who was born in Massachusetts in 1778 : and he was a son of Gresham Hawks and his wife Eliza, and a grandson of John Hawks, a native of Con- necticut.

Stephen B. Hawks was reared on his father's Massachusetts farm, and educated in the local schools. He was engaged first by Dr. Howe of Boston. Jfass.. to work in an asylum for the blind. He left that city in 185.5 and came to Illinois and here .joined his brother, at Aurora, where for two years they were engaged in farming. Mr. Hawks then came to Bement. Piatt County, and became associated with the Wabash Railroad, with which he remained for forty-two years, holding various positions of trust and responsibility. es]iecially those con- nected with the mail and express .service.

When .\liraham Lincoln journeyed to Wash- ington to be inaugurated as president the first term. Mr. Hawks had the honor of being one of the special guards of a switch on the railroad while the speci.il train was jiassing on its way from Springleld. In the early days in order to move the switches under his charge. Air. Hawks bad to use either oxen or horses. An interesting local railroad incident of those days is herewith given. There was an excursion from Bement to St. Louis. The night before the engine was brought to Bement to be ready for the early start the next morning. The fire- man fell asleep and allowed all the water to run out of the boiler. As the engine was a long way frnm the tank, it was necessar.v to haul it back with oxen, across the open prairie.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

753

when the loss of water was discovered, aud imiiiii in the water siitticient to carry the train to the next water tank. Owin;; to this dela.v, the train did not imll ont of Kenient until nine the next niornins:.

In Keceniber. lS."i7, Mr. Hawks was married to Catherine Booth, wlio was Ijorn in the same phue as lie, JIarcli 2.'!. 1.S3!). She is a daufjhter of .liiilson aud Eliza (I'liton) Booth, natives of Berkley and Cliarlemont, .Mass. The srandjiar- ents were Samuel and Mahetihel (Xewell) Bootli, natives <if Knirland am] Berkley, .Mass., respec- tively: aud .Jciseiili .md Thurz.i (Flint) Upton, natives iif ('harlcumut and Keadiu;;. Mass., re- spcctivel.v. .Judsdu I'ciotli was a lila<-ksmitli and shoemaker. Mrs. Hawks came to Bement in February. ].S.")7, and tausht school until her marriase. .Vt that time there were onl.v twelve huiklinss in the idaco. two of them being stores, and one the depot. Mrs. Hawks joined her sis- ter, who had come to Bement during the winter of lS."i.")-0, at a time when there were Init two buildings, and she and her husband built the third one. In order to jirotect the pedestrians of Bement in those early days, the sticks of wood that could not be consumed by the rail- road engines «hicli were fired with woofl, were laid in the mud for temporary sidewalks and later corncobs were used. Mrs. Hawks recalls many entertaining incidents of those earl.\- days, all of which would make interesting reading did space permit their being related in full.

Mr. and Mrs. Hawks became the jiarents of the following children : M. Miller, who was born in 18.58, died in Massachusetts, in 1S60 ; Charles F. T., who was born December 10. 1.S62. is ticket agent for the 'Frisco Railroad, at Brownsville, Tex.: J. Willard B.. who is living with his mother, was born in July, 1868. Mr. Hawks was a Republican. He .served as a school director, tax collector, and held other township offices. A Mason in good stand- ing, he was a Knight Templar. Mrs. Hawks was carefully educated in the jiublic schools of her native ])lace, and her husband vi'as edu- cated in the same institutions of learning. In religious faith both early became members of the Presbyterian Church. Mrs. Hawks at- tended President Lincoln's funeral, ioining with countless others in mourning.

HAWVER, Arbie Lester. All over the country there are successful business men who attest to the truth of the statement that the best citi- zens have been recruited from the farms, and that an ui>bringiug amid rural surroundings develops desirable characteristics. One of these men is Arbie I^ester Hawver, cashier of the Bank of Milmine, one of the sound financial institutions of Piatt County. Mr. Hawver was born in Willow Branch Townshi]i. this county. Au.gust 18, ]88f), a son of Isaac and Lulu (Bran- denburg) Hawver.

After studyins in the local schools of his township, and the Bement High school, Mr. Hawver took a commercial course at Brown's Business College, Decatur, 111. Returning home

in T.Mi'.>, he was .associated with his father in <c>nducting the homestea<l farm until 1!>11, but in that year began operating a Kid-acre farm for himself. In lUlL' he entered the Bank of Milmine as .issistant cashier, and in May, 191o, became its cashier, .-inil ciiiitinues to hold that responsilile position. .lames Fisher is the presi- dent, and l.saar Ilawver is the vice president of this bank, which was organized in 1!)(J3.

(Jn February 2, 1S)1."), Mr. Hawver was mar- ried to Mary Floy Cochrane, born in Piatt County, a daughter of William aud Ruth (.Moyer) Cocbr.use, natives of Ohio and Piatt County, respectively. Mr. Hawver is a Demo- c-rat in liis iinlitical belief. The Presbyterian Church of Bement holds his nuMnbership. Fra- ternally he belongs to the Masonic lod.ge of Bement. the Odd Fellows of Jlilmine, and the Fraternal Fncampment of Mouticello.

HAWVER, Isaac, vice president of the State Bank of Milmine, and one of the solid, conserva- tive, reliable men of Piatt County, is an honore(3 resident of Milmine. He was boru in Wabash County, Ind., May IS, 1801, a sou of John and Elizabeth (Studebaker) Hawver, natives of Indiana and Ohio. They were married in Ohio, and then went to the vicinity of Fort Wayne, Ind., where the father conducted a farm, later moving to Wabash County, Ind., and in 1869 came to Willow Branch Township, Piatt County, 111. I''or the first season he rented land, and then in the fall of 1869, bought a farm and operated it until the spring of 1887, when he moved to Cerro Gordo. The mother died in 1915. Their children were as follows : John W., who resides at Decatur, 111. ; Sarah, who is Mrs. John S. Kuns, of Los Angeles, Cal. ; Isaac ; and Emma, who is Mrs. James Brandenburg, of Bement, 111.

Isaac Hawver attended the district schools of Willow Branch Township, and for eight months was a student in the Wesleyan TTniversity at Bloomington, 111. For two years he was In Kansas and then returned to Piatt County and took up his residence on the home farm, remain- ing there until the fall of 1911, when he moved to Milmine. In June, 1913, he bought an inter- est In the State Bank of Milmine, and is now its vice president. This sound financial insti- tution was organized July 20, 1903, b.v T. O. Holcomb, George W. Hay, Oscar Yarnell, Charles Taylor, Frank J. Phillips and Eli Peck, and Mr. Hawver's occupancy of the vice presi- dential chair gives it added strength and stand- ing.

On February 8, 1887, Mr. Hawver was married to Lula Brandenburg, born in Kentucky, a daughter of Samuel and Adeline (Haggard) Brandenburg, natives of Kentucky. Mr. and ilrs. Hawver have the following children : Orbie L. ; Linley E., who is an educator of Mil- mine : and Edna and Bessie, both of whom are at home. Mr. Hawver is a Democrat and served as township trustee and on the school board and gave intelligent attention to his duties in both offices. He is a Chapter, Commandery and

754

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

Shrine Mason, being connected with the Bemeut, Decatur and Springfield lodges and is also a member of the Odd Fellows. A man whose word has weight in his community, Mr. Hawver holds a dignified position, and exerts a strong influ- ence toward maintaining the stability of the finances of the county.

HEATH, James Roy, one of the extensive opera- tors in grain and stock farniiug. is recognized as one of tlie prosperous and rei>resentative men of Piatt County. He was Ijorn at White Heath, 111.. February 0. 1S8.5, a son of Aimer Porter and Alargaret (Ingram) Heath, natives of White Heath. The paternal grandparents, James and .Tane (Hogeland) Heath, natives of Ohio, came to Piatt County. III., about 1S40. being accom- panied by several brothers of the grandfather, George and Porter by name. The Hogeland family came at a still earlier date, and entered government land. After their marriage, the par- ents locatetl on a farm in the vicinity of White Heath, and they still survive, making their home in Sangamon Township.

James Roy Heath attended the Camp Creek district school, and the public schools of White Heath, and then, at the age of twenty years, took an agricultural course at the University of Illinois. For the succeeding two years he remained with his parents, and then rented land in Sangamon Township, so continuing for the next tvro years. After several changes, during which time he spent a year in Champaign County, 111.. Mr. Heath moved to the old George Heath farm, which had lieen entered by the Heath family from the government. Here he has since resided, handling 500 acres of land, and carrying on grain and stock farming very successfully. He specializes in cattle and hogs. and is a recognized authority upon man.v mat- ters connected with agriculture.

On Septemlier 21. 1010, Mr. Heath was mar- i-ied to Floy Smith, born in Willow Branch Township, a daughter of John and Charity fAter) Smith, natives of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Heath have one son, James Robert, who was born August 12. l!>n. Poitically Mr. Heath is a Democrat.

HEATH, Noble Porter, was undoubtedly at one time one of the towering figures in the history of White Heath and Piatt County. He was born in Ross County. Ohio. Febniary 7. 1S32. a son of David and Anna (Porter) Heath, natives of Ohio. Desiring to change his place of resi- dence, his father sold his farm and belong- ings in Ohio. In lS4."i. and drove overland with his family, in wagons to Piatt County, buy- ing a farm in Sangamon Township. Having to return to Ohio the following year to collect tlie money owing to him from his sale, he caught a cold which develojjcd into pneumonia, and he died there, leaving a widow and five small chil- dren in Illinois on an unimproved, pioneer farm of forty acres. The money owing him was sent to his widow, and with this she was able to purchase forty additional acres of land. On

this farm Xoble I'orter Heath grew to manhood, his educational advantages Ijeing limited to the schools of the neighborhood.

In Decembei', 1S65, he was married to Eliza- betli Hevel Wilson, born in Coles County, HI., March 28, 1,S;^S. a daughter of Christ and Eliza- beth (Strayer) Hevel. natives of Pennsylvania, who moved to Coles County, 111., at a very early day. Trace of them was lost Ijy their eastern relatives and an interesting incident is told of how they were found again. Some years .ifter their settlement in Illinois a man travel- ing through Coles Count.v saw a fine team of M.ick horses, and asked to whom they belonged. He was told they were the property of a man named Hevel. On his return to his own home in Ohio, he related the incident, and remarked on the unusual name of the owner of the beau- tiful horses. A sister of Mrs. Hevel heard the remark, and feeling convinced that tlie name belonged to her lost sister, she and her hus- band drove to Coles County, and arrived only to find that Mr. and Mrs. Hevel had just died from cholera. Mrs. Heath, who was a small child at this time, was reared at Charleston. 111., by a family named Mount, with whom she lived until her marriage to John Wilson in IS.oo. Jlr. and Mrs. Wilson had two children, namely : Catherine and William, but both died when small. Mr. Wilson died in ISoS. and Mrs. Wil- son with her sister and brother-in-law. Dr. and Mrs. Strickland. located at Centerville. 111. Mrs. Heath had practically no early educational ad- vantages, but was very ambitious, and after she became a widow, she studied and educated herself to such an extent that she taught school successfully in Piatt Count.v for five years, until her marriace to Mr. Heath.

After marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Heath lived with his mother and sister for five years, and then moved to a farm also in Sangamon Town- ship, comprising 400 acres of land that he had owned for some .vears. The place was onl.v jiartl.v improved, but he brought it into a high state of cultivation, among other things erecting a fine residenae. This home was de- stroyed by fire in LSO.^i. and Mrs. Heath and her children later built a beautiful, modern home, and necessary barns and outbuildings, so that their place is one of the best in the count.v. Mr. Heath kept adding to his holdings until there now are over l.OOO acres in the farm. 120 of which are in Monticello Township, and the balance in Sangamon Town.ship For years Mr. Heath was a large stockraiser and general farmer, and continued active until the time of his death which occurred June n. ISO."). Mr. and Jlrs. Heath had the following children: Anna Mary, who is Mrs. W. W. Wilkinson of Bethany. 111. ; Bessie Beatrice, who is Mrs. Custer Sn.vder of Ix>rain, Ohio ; Noble Porter. Jr.. who married Nellie Ambrose in 1002. had one daughter, Katherine Elizabeth, but lost his wife in -1011 ; and Lillian, who resides with her mother. The family has always been active in the work of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Heath was a Democrat In his politics, and

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

755

fraternaUy he belonged to Jlonticello Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and was a man universally ve- si>ected and honored.

HELTON, Richard, was born in North Carolina in 1S22, and came to Piatt Connty in the early seventies, and was the first person to build a residence at Atwood, where he was engaged in merchandising for many years. He was mar- ried to Ann Willis in 1S3S. Their children were as follows : Henry, Joel, Alexander, George, Rebecca and Mrs. Thomas Barnes.

HEMPHILL, Edward S., one of the substantial men of I'iatt County who carries on an e.xtensive contractiuii Imsincss as a carpenter and builder, with head(|uarters at Monticello, has practically spent his life in this kind of endeavor. He was born at Mahomet, 111., November 2.5, 1S72, a son of William Orlando and Anna (Cunning- ham) Hemphill, the father born in Washington County, Ohio, and the mother near Richmond, Va. In ISOO the parents of William O. Hemp- hill went to Indiana, and from that state, he enlisted in the Fifty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry and seiTed four years during the Civil War. Returning to Indiana and Illinois, he spent some time at Rantoul, where he did car- pentering and c-ontracting, but later moved to Mahomet. 111., there remaining until 187fi, in which year ho moved to Monticello, and de- veloped a large contracting business now car- ried on by his son, Edward S. In 1S95 he moved to Lake Charles, La., continuing busi- ness relations there and at Siloam Springs, Ark., as a contractor until 1011, when he retired, and now resides at Monticello. After the death of his first wife in 1884, he married (second) Mary Huston.

Edward 8. Hemphill attended the common scliools until he was fifteen years old, at which time he began leai'ning the carpenter trade under his father, and finally branched out as a general contractor, taking all kinds of con- tract work within a radius of twenty miles, and doing a big business. His policy has always been to live up to his contracts in every jiar- ticular and his word is considered as good as his written bond.

On December 10. 1901, Mr. Hemphill was mar- ried to Edna Floe Parks, born at Farmer City, 111., a daughter of George Henry and Hester Ann (Iluddisten) Parks, natives of Park County. Ind.. and LleWitt Count.v. 111., who are both deceased. Mr. and Mrs. IIemi)bill have two children, namely: Dorothy and Paul. Mrs. Hemphill attended the common and high schools of her native place. Mr. Hemphill is a Repub- lican. For one term he proved his worth in a public capacity by serving as a memlier of the city council of Jlonticello. Fraternall.y he be- longs to the Knights of Pythias, and is highly res])ected in that order as be is in business and social circles.

HEMPHILL, William Orlando, who for many years was a prominent figure in Piatt Count.v.

but is now living retired at the county seat, is an honored veteran of the Civil War and has the satisfaction of knowing that when his lountry had need of him he was not found lacking in patriotism. Mr. Hemphill was born in Logan County, Ohio, June 10, 1840, a son of John and Mary (Rittenhouse) Hemphill, na- tives of Ross County, Ohio. In 1844 they moved to AVashington Court House, Ohio, and there the father carried on cabinetmaking until 1.86], when he moved to Greene County, Ind. From the latter county William Orlando Hemphill en- listed in tlie first year of the Civil War, on December S, 1801, in Company K, Fifty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, from which he was honorably discharged December 31, ISOS. On .January 1, 1864, he re-enlisted in the same comiiany and regiment, from which he received his honorable discharge December 1.^, 1SC5, at San Antonio. Tex. Following the battle of Stone River he was taken prisoner and con- fined at Belle I.sle, Richmond, Va., but within two months was transferred and within a few days was paroled to a camp at Columbus, Ohio, and three months later he was exchanged.

After his final discharge from the army, Mr. Hemphill went to Jasper County, Ind., where his parents had gone, and was engaged in farm- ing until 1808, when he came to Illinois, and until 1876 was engaged in carpentering work in Champaign County. In that year he came to Monticello, and continued his contracting busi- ness until 1895. when he moved to Lake Charles, la., for nine and one-half years, when he again made a change, and until 1911 was at Siloam S|irings. Ark. On May 1 of that year he re- turned to Monticello and bought a comfortable residence in which he has since lived retired.

Mr. Ileiiiphill is a member of Monticello Post, G. A. R., and takes a great deal of interest in its work. During his first enlistment he was made a ciii']iiiral, and received appointment to the same office during his second enlistment, lieing discharged with that rank. He was in many battles and skirmishes, the first engage- ment iieiug at Bowling Green. Ky. Others were Stone Itiver. Perryville. Columbia and Frank- lin.

In the lull of l.SOO Mr. Hemphill was mar- ried til .inna Cunningham, born at Morefield. Hardy Count.v. "\a., and their children were as follows: Ida. who married George Fisher, is dc'-e.-ised : Claudina. who is deceased; Edward, who lives at Jlonticello; Elura, who died at the age of four years: and Mary Alice, who mar- i-icd Edward Widdersheen, of Stockton. Cal. Jlrs. Hemiihill died in 1,884. and Mr. IIemi)hill married (second) Mary Huston of Ross County, Ohio, a daughter of John and Sophia (Benner) Huston. Mr. Huston was one of the first to org.mize the Presbyterian church at Monticello. .Air. and Airs. Hemphill have one daughter. Floy, who is Mrs. Horace H. Clark of Chicago.

In religious faith Mr. IIemi)hill is a Presby- terian. Politically he is a Republican, and gives his support to the candidates and principles of that ]iarty. .V man of upright character and

756

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

honorable ideals, lie lives up to liis tonvictinns. and is veiv lii'.rlil.v respecteil liy all who have the honor of his Mr(]uaintiinoe.

HENDRIX, John W., owner and manager of Maple Crest farm, ((insistintr of 250 acres of fertile I'iatt County land, well represents the class of sturdy, industrious agriculturalists which have lirouiiht much pro.sjterity to this section of Illinois. He has been engaged in farming in Willow r.randi Townshi]) since 1878. He was born in Tennessee. September 21. 1852, and is a son of .lobn M. and Mary (Black) Hendrix.

.John M. Hendrix was born in Tennessee in 1881. He had but few educational advantages and began to work on a farm in boyhood and later became a farmer on his own account. He was married in Tennessee to Mary Black, who was born in that state in lS.'!;i. and they had the following children : William, who was born In l.'^.")0, lives at Deiatur. 111.: .Tohn W. : .James, who was born in 1S.")4. lives in Macon County, III. ; Theophilus. who was born in 18.50, Is a resident of Clinton. HI.: Fanny, who was born in 1.S5S. married Thomas Xelson and lives in Montana : Celia. who was born In 18(10, married William Kast and lives in Missouri: Bennett, wl'o was born in 1m;2, died in 18t!:'>; Minerva, who was born In 18114. married Perry (^ramer and lives at Clinton. 111.: Emma, who w;is born in ISiKl. marrird Tliomas Hardin and lives at Clinton: Nellie, who was born in ISCiti. married Robert Xesbit and lives at Clinton : and Ed- ward, who was born In 1870. lives in Macon County. 111. For several years after his mar- riage. Mr. Hendrix continueil farming In Ten- nessee and then moved to .Vrkansjis and fol- lowed farming in that state for ten years, removing tlien to Illinois and for five years carried on farming in ^I.-icon County and then moved to DeWitt County. There he bought 240 acres of land and afterward purchased IHO adjoining the home farm, all of wliich he greatly improved and lived on it for some years, finally renting it and jiurchasing a comfortable resi- dence at Maroa. 111., in which he lived retired until his death in 1008. He was an excellent business man. was lUghly respected and had a very wide ac-(|uaintance.

fntil his eighteenth year .John W. Hendrix had educational opportunities in the public schools In DeWilt ('(auity. after which he as- sisted bis father and remained on the borne farm until he was twenty-four years old. .\fter his marriage be be!:ran farming for himself on rented land in PeWitt Cinmty, but one .year later, in 187,'^. came to I'iart County and for two vears worked for David K\dins. He then bou'-'ht ninety acres in ^\'jllow Branch To\vn- sliin, cultivatimr and imiu-nving it and in a few years b(nn-'bt forty additional acres and later 120 acres and now owns 210 acres in Wil- low Branch Townsbior Manle Crest). 1(10 acres in Cerro Gordo and ei'-'hty acres in Bement Township. He devotes his 210-acre home farm to grain and stockraising.

In lS7(i Jlr. Hendrix was married to Sylvia Hay, born in DeWitt County, III., in 1862 and died in 1S>5. She was .-i daughter of Uriah and Louisa (Lamb) Day. natives of England. In 188(1 Mr. Hendrix was married to Addle Sny- der, born in Ross ('oinity. Ohio, May 1, 1871. Coming to I'iatt ('(anity when four years of age, a daughter of Benner and Mary (Christian) Snyder, the former born in Ohio July 10, 18."?6, and died .Tune 15, 1004; the latter born in Ohio in 1.S41. died in 1SS2. They \yere early settler.s in I'hitt County. Six children were born to this marriage: Lena D.. born .Tune 20, 18'*7, married .\rtliur Lamli and they live in Bement Township: Ida Fern, born in 1,880, dietl in 1803; Edna I'., a student in the State Normal school at Normal, born March 13. 1803 : Noble E.. born June 10. 1S07: John .M.. born Novemlier 20. ISOO, and I'aul E.. born February 10, 1008. both with their parents. Mr. Hendrix is an adherent of the Democratic party. With his family he is a member of the Church of Cod and for some time has been a deacon in the church at Mil- mine. Perhaps no man in Willow Branch Town- shiip is held in nnu'e respect than John W. Hen- drix.

HICKS, James L., whose career as a member of the I'iatt County legal profe.ssion covers a period of more than twenty-seven years, has won his way to the forefront among his fellow- Iiractitioners by industr.v and honorable meth- ods, coupled with learning and inherent talent. On several occasions he has been called to posi- tions of laiblic importance, in which he ha.s comported himself in a manner eminently satis- fying to the voters, and his entire record has been one which has lent dignity to his honored calling.

Mr. Hicks was born at Hartford. Conn.. Au- gust 20, 1,S(i:!. He was brought to Illinins when still a lad. and after ]ireliminary work in the local schools spent two years at the Illinois Normal School, at Bloomington. His legal studies were prosecuted in the T'niversity of Jlichigan. at .\nn .Vrbor. which institution he attended in 1SS(1-S7. Prior to this time he had lived In Willow P.rancli Township. Piatt County, but when leady to |<ractice he came to Monti- cello and openc^d .an otlice. In that same .vear, 1.S88. he w.is elected state's attorney, serving in th.it capacity until 1.S02. and later was the suc- cessful candidate of the Democratic party for the ortice of ( ity .ittorney of Mcmticello. and .acted as sucli two years. He is .iustly accounted one of the learniMl members of the Piatt County bar. whose success in a lunnber of imiiortant c.ises has given him merited prestige.

Mr. Hicks was married in 18,88 to Miss Geneva Dunn, who was born at Bement. 111., and to this union there has been born one ilaic.'hter: Fr.-mces.

HOLLOWAY, Isaac Newton. The agricultural importance of I'iatt Comity is generally recog- nized, and it has been brought about through the efforts of men who understand their busi-

hui^S:^, M^ sJ^^^aLfuuiX ^Ol^l\__

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

757

iiess and know how to make farming profitable. One of these is Isaac Newton Hollowii.v, who is conducting eighty acres of the old Fisher farm, being a resident of White Heath. He was born in Clinton Count.v, Ind., September 5. 1857, a son of Thomas Nelson and Sarah (Truitt) Hol- loway, natives of Montgomery and Clinton counties, Ind.

Thomas Nelson Holloway was a farmer in Clinton County. Ind., until his enlistment in the One Himdredth Indiana Volunteer Infantry during the early part of the Civil War. At Lookout Jlountain he was wounded in the mouth by a gunshot, resulting in the shattering of his chin bone, and the loss of all but one tooth in his lower jaw. In spite of his injuries he re- covered and later became a schoolteacher in his native state, and in Missouri. His death occurred at Danville, HI., while he was an in- mate of the Soldiers' Home at that place, De- cember 10, 1900. Tlie mother of I. N. Holloway died about 1S61. Their children were as fol- lows : Enoch, who lives at Excelsior, Minn. ; .Jefferson P., who lives at f'olfax, Ind. ; John, who lives at Frankfort, Ind. ; Mahala, who is the widow of Richard Harper, of Pasadena, Cal. ; and Isaac Newton. After the death of his first wife the father married (second) Eliza- beth Coon, in 1.S8S. There were no children by this marriage. The second Mrs. Holloway died in ISOO.

After his mother's death Isaac Newton Hollo- way was taken by his maternal grandfather, Anderson Truitt, and he lived with him for some years, being sent to the common schools. Later he went with the family of Alfred Doster in Indiana, and there spent six years. .A.bout 1870 .voung Holloway was with a Mr. Travis, and in that year he went with Mr. Travis to Shawnee County, Kas., and obtained employ- ment as a cowboy on the Rock Creek ranch, and there siient two years. He then went to Missouri, and worked as a logger on the Mis- souri River for one winter, leaving there for Clinton County, Ind., but after a short period he went to Jlinnesota, thence through the Da- kotas, and other western states, coming finally to White Heath. 111.

On November 0, 1899, Mr. Holloway was mar- ried at White Heath to Margaret Fisher, born in Sangamon Township, this county, a daugh- ter of .John and Margaret (Cline) Fisher, who died when Mrs. Holloway was an infant. Their children were as follows : Jacob, who was born December 2, 18.37, resides at White Heath : • ileorge W., who was born October 26, 18.39, is deceased ; John, who was born December 17, 1841. is deceased: Hiram, who was born Decem- ber 28, 1842. is deceased ; Mary Ann, who was born November 12, 1840, is deceased; Martha, who was born February 28, 1849, is deceased ; David, who was born February 1.5, 1851, is de- ceased; Sarah JI.. who was born August 25, 18.53. is deceased : Sarilla C. who was born January 20, ^S7tr,. is deceased; James, who was born June 20, 18.58, is a resident of Sangamon Township; Margaret, who was born August 5,

1800, is Mrs. Holloway ; and Ezra, who was born Februai-j- 10, 1803, is deceased. John Fisher was horn August 9, 1814, and his wife was born October 0, 1819. They were married January 14. 1837, and he died April 11, 1803, and she died May 11, 1803.

Mr. and Mrs. Holloway have no children. Their farm is owned by Mrs. Holloway, being a part of the homestead of her parents, and six acres of it is in valuable timber. Mr. Holloway and wife botli belong to the Metbodlst Cbunh. In jxilitics he is independent. Fraternally he belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America, of White Heath, and Mrs. Holloway is a member of the Court of Honor.

HOLMES, Wmiam M. In bhe life of the late Williaiui M. Holmes there were exhibited those traits of sturdy industry and sterling integrity which, when directed by a capable mind, seldom fail of success. He wrote his name large and indelibly on the business history of Piatt County, and while some years have passed since his death tne results of his energies still remain as a monument to his memory and as guiding posts to point the direction of the younger business generation. Mr. Holmes was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1830, a son of Isaac and Maria Holmes, also natives of that county.

William M. Holmes received a public school education and farmed in Ohio until 1800, in which .year he came to Piatt County, this eom- nnmity continuing to be his home from that time until his death. After farming for five years on rented land, in Monticello Township, he became n trader in and feeder of live stock, suliseiiuently engaged in buying and selling land, and in the latter part of his life was the representative of large concerns for which he bought stock and was the medium through which large transactions were consummated. He accumulated a handsome property, and at the time of his death owned much desirable real estate at Monticello. Mr. Holmes was a man who held at all times his associates' con- fidence, as well as the respect of his community. He never shirked a public duty, and when called upon cheerfully gave of his time and talents to the promotion and support of public enter- prises. His death, which occurred March 20, 1!K)9, took from this section one of its most valued and valuable citizens. After his demise Mrs. Holmes traded some of his property for the beautiful modern residence on Piatt Street, Monticello, which she now occupies,

Jlr. Holmes was married March 20, 1855, to Miss Reljecca JIcElhinney. who was born in Hamilton County. Ohio, April 10. 1830, a daugh- ter of Hugh and Sarah (Williams) McElhinney. Her father was a native of Pennsylvania and her mother of Ohio. On the maternal side her grandparents were George W. and Rebecca Wil- liams, and Mrs. Holmes is eligible for member- ship in the Daughters of the American Revolu- tion, her maternal grandfather having fought as ii soldier in the Colonial army in the win- ning of .\merican indeiiendence. Seven chil-

758

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

dreu \Yei'e born to Mr. and Mrs. Holmes, namely : Melgin M., who is of Decatur, 111. ; Jessie C. who resides with her mother ; Wil- liam, who died aged two and one-half years; Sarali M.. who is at home; .Samuel, who is of Decatur. 111.; .Tohn M., who is at home; and George W.. who died in llli:'. aged forty-four years.

HOPKINS, Benjamin Gold, was born in Con- necticut in ISll, and came to Bement Township in 1S5.">. Later he became a merchant of Be- ment, and was very highly e.steemed. In 1831 he was married to Mary Stanton, and their children were as follows : Samuel J.. Frank G.. Mrs. J. C. Evans. Mrs. William Godwin. Mrs. N. L. Furgeson, Richard, and Belle.

HOTT, Jacob, came to Piatt County about 1838 or 1S.30. He was married to Margaret Fisher and they had. seven children. His death oc- curred iu 1856, after he had become quite suc- cessful as a farmer.

HOWELL, Isaac, came to Corro Gordo Township in 18.58 and imjiroved a fine farm of eighty acres planting 250 trees and erecting numerous buildings. He was married in 1843 to Mary Widiek and they had six children who grew to maturity, namely : George, William, Mrs. Wil- liam Allsberry. Mrs. Edward Zinn. .Tohn and Eva.

HUBBART, Oliver S., who i.s operating the farm in Goose Creek Township on which he was born in March. 1873, is a son of William C. and Lucindar (Hani) Hubbart, natives of Ohio. The grandparents. Richard Hubbart. and Bartholo- mew and Lucinda (McNett') Ham, were ver.v early settlers of Piatt County.

After their marriage. William C. Hubbart and wife located on .300 acres of land in Goose Creek Township, 240 acres of which is now con- ducted by their son, Oliver S. Here they lived until their family was grown, and then they spent one year in Champaign County. 111. Re- turning to Piatt County, they lived in Monti- cello Township for a time but died at Monti- cello, where their last days were spent The father died iu March. 1912. and the mother passed away in September of the same year. Their children were as follows : Edith P.. who lives at Monticello ; Richard B.. who lives in Goose Creek Township; .Tennie May, who is Mrs. Dr. Stedem. of Saybrook. 111. ; Oliver S. ; Delia S.. who resides with her brother Oliver; Dwiglit C. who died in 1000. aged twenty-seven years; and William, who died in infancy. Mrs. Mary F. Dewees is a surviving daughter by the father's former marriage.

Oliver S. Hubbart attended the schools of his district, and took a one year's course at De Land, then began teaching school and fol- lowed that calling for two years. He then moved on a farm belonging to his father in Goose Creek Township, and in 1808 he started to attend and was graduated from the Evans-

ton Academy in 1901, and from Northwestern University in 1905. For the succeeding two years he was secretary of the Y. M. C. A., and principal of the Rossville High School for the next two years. To pursue special studies, he took a post-graduate course at the University of Illinois, and took a master's degree in his- tory in 1910. Mr. Hubbart then, in 1910, became principal of the high school at Macomb, 111., and held that position for one year, when he accepted a position in the high school at Catta- nooga, Tenn. In June, 1915, however, he left the schoolroom for the old farm, where he is carrying on general farming. Mr. Hubbart has never married. In religious belief he is a Uni- tarian. Accustomed to form his own estimate of men and principles, he does not tie him.self down by party lines, but votes independently.

HUBBART, Richard B., now engaged in general farming and stock feeding and raising in Goo.se Creek Township, is a native son of the town- ship, born July 28, 186S, a sou of William C. ami Ln<-iuda (Ham) Hnbbart, natives of Ohio. Richard B. Hulibai't was given better educa- tional advantages than the usual farmer's boy, for he not only attended the Wesleyan TJniver- sit.v, at Bloomington. but al.so Denver Univer- sity, but on account of sickness did not complete the course. He was ordained a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his first charge was at Mt. Olive, 111., from whence he went to Weednian. 111. He was also at Thomasboro and Ogden, both Illinois charges, but after six years in the ministry, his health so failed him that he was warned to get into an outdoor occupation. He spent some time at Latham. 111.. Lovington, 111.. Waveriy. II!.. ami Macon. 111., finally, in 1914. coming to the homestead of his father, of which 100 acres had been inherited by him. In addition, he owns the forty acres adjoining. Here he carries on general farming and stock raising, and specializes in .slioTthorn cattle. The fine modern residence on his farm was erected by him, and is a model for otiher farmers.

On May 9. ]89t. Mr. Hubbart was married to Iris Porter, born in DeWitt County, 111., a daughter of .Vustin and Elizabeth (Jones) Por- ter, natives ol' Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbart liave the following children: Faith, who is con- nected with tlie musical department of the Illi- nois Wesleyan TTniversity ; Ruth, who is a grad- uate of tile Monticello High sehoiil ; Paul, who is attending the Monticello High school, and Lowell, who is at home. Irvin. the tliird child, died in infancy. In politics Mr. IInbl)ard is a Reiniblican. Fraternally he belongs to De Land Lodge. A. F. & A. M. ; Livingston Lodge, I. O. O. F.. and Latham Camp. W. W. A.

Although he is no longer in active ministerial work. Mr. Hubbart has not lost his interest in it. and carries his faith into his everyday life in such a manner as to exert a powerful influ- ence for good in his community. .V true Chris- tian, upright and honorable, he has cheerfully accepted the cross laid upon him. and instead

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759

of rebelling has made his efforts effective in his agricultural work, just as he did in the min- istry.

HUBBELL, Charles B., a carpenter and builder of Bement, was born in New York in 1S20, and came to Bement in 1S57, and for some time was engaged in farming just outside the village. At least 500 trees in or near Bement were planted by him. He held some of the local offices and was a very responsible man. In 1845 he was married to Maria O. Vedder, and their cliildren were as follows : Mrs. Wil- liam Putman, Mrs. Reber Huston, Mrs. Frank Corser, Helen, Francis F. and Lucius L.

HULL, P. K., M. D., came to Monticello in 1841, and lived there until the death of his wife, who had been Mary J. Huston, in 1840. For several years thereafter he lived with his chil- dren, and tlien in 1855 moved back to Monti- cello, buying a home, where he died November 20, 1859. During 1852 and 1853, during a cholera epidemic, he endeared himself to the people of Piatt County by his fearless treat- ment of the sticken ones, and his skill received due recognition.

HUNSLEY, Charles, one of the enterprising and successful business men of White Heath, has raised the standard of reliability and honorable dealing in Piatt County through his own actions and methods. He was born in Willow Branch Township, this county. October 20. 1880, a son of Edmond C. and Mary E. (Cantrell) Hunsley, natives of Lancashire, England, and Illinois, respectively. The grandparents, Charles and Emily Hunsle.v, came to Illinois in 1850, locat- ing in Macon Comity on a farm. During the Civil War the father of Charles Hunsley seiwed for three years in the Tenth Illinois Cavalry, and after his honorable discharge, located in Willow Branch Township, Piatt County. Here he was married in iSTl. During his younger da.vs he taught school, but later in life was a farmer, and since 1001 has lived in retirement near Brith. Iowa.

Charles Hunsley attended the public schools of Cisco, and had one year at the high school. At the age of nineteen years he became a clerk in a general store, but after two years he became a house painter, and decorator and paper hanger, following these callings for five years. He then began working in n hardware store at Cisco, and there gained the experience that enabled him on March IS, 1015. to become successful man- ager of the W. H. .Tones White Heath branch of his Cisco store, handling heavy and light hard- ware, implements, harness, automobiles, plumb- ing, heating and other appliances, and doing a large and steadily increasing business.

On October 20. 1007, Mr. Hunsley was mar- ried to Lena M. Mintun. born in Nebraska, a daughter of Stephen and Rosa (Lewis) Min- tun. Mr. and Mrs. Hunsley have two chil- dren, namely: Harwin. who was bom Mav 27, 1900; and Milford. who was born .Tnlv 19, im.1.

In religious faith Mr. Hunsley is a Presbyterian. His fraternal relations are witli the Odd Fel- lows and Masons, both of Cisco. Live, experi- enced, a man of sound principles and rational ideas, Mr. Hunsley is a jiower in his comnninity, and is highly respected by all who know him.

JACKSON, Hiram, one of the pioneers of Blue Ridge Township was born in Indiana in 1814, and came to Piatt County in 1854, entering land in Blue Ridge Township, where he lived for many years, but later moved to Farmer City. In 1837 he was married to Ruth Blasdell and they had a large family. When Mr. Jackson came to Blue Ridge Township only about four families lived in the township. He held a num- ber of township offices, including that of super-

JAMISON, W. H., was born in New York October 6, 1S31, and came to Monticello in 1855, opening a blacksmith shop in that city. Enlisting for service during the Civil War in the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, he was promoted until he was mustered out with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. His health was very much impaired, and he died at Monti- cello in 187S. On February 10, 1856 Colonel .Tamison was married to Martha J. Tinder, and they had two daughters, namely : Inez and Flora A.

JOHNSON, Franklin, came to Piatt County in 1855, settling on a farm one and one-half miles east of Monticello. where he owned 120 acres of land. In 1847 he was married to Hephzibah Dresliach, and they had two children, namely : Rosaltha and Georgiana. Mr. Johnson died in Ma.v. 1801.

JOHNSON, J. C, formerly a highly respected merchant of Monticello, was born " in Rhode Island. In 1839 he was married to Roxa Maria Thomas, and they had nine children. In 1844 he moved to Monticello and conducted a mer- cantile establishment until 1872. When he entered the hotel business in 1S45 his original hostel r.v was a rude affair, but he secured bet- ter quarters and continued in this line until 1874 when he sold his bu.siness to Edward Ater. From 1852 to 1850 Mr. Johnson was postmaster of Monticello.

JONES, B. B., M. D., was born in Pickaway County. Ohio, in 1828, and in ISSfi he came to Piatt County and embarked in a general prac- tice, at Monticello. In 1857 he was married to Sadie E. Short, and they had two children.

JONES, Roy B., secretary and manager of a lumber company, operating under the caption of the Bement Lumber Company, at Bement, is one of the most substantial men of Bement. He was born at Cerro Gordo, 111., June 15, 1880, a son of George B. and Louisa (Thompson) Jones of Ohio. They were married in Illinois and located in Willow Branch Township, where the

760

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

father eiif^iaged iu farming and cariientering, l)ut after his retirement he went to t'erro Curdu, where he died in lOOS. The mother died in 1915. Their children were as follows : Eva, who Is Mr.*!. Samuel Smith of Decatur. 111. ; Josie, who is Mrs. A. C. Doyle of Cerro Gordo, III.; and Roy B.

Roy B. Jones spent his boyhood at Cerro Gordo, and after being graduated from the grammar and high schools of that place, took a course in a commercial college at Di.Kon, 111. Returning to his native place, he worked for George C. Groves for a year and then traveled as a cornetist with a band. Once more he re- turned to Cerro Gordo, and entered the State Bank as bookkeeper, and after eighteen months took charge of the Sadorus. 111.. Lumber Com- pany. For four years he was associated with that company, when in September, 190S, he be- came manager of the Bement Lumber Company, later becoming its secretary as well. W. .1. Huff, of Decatur, 111., is its president, and B. F. Huff of Cerro Gordo, is its vice president, and treasurer. This comi>any owns and operates eight lumber yards, and does an immense busi- ness.

In 190.T Mr. Jones was married to Edith F. Hurtt, who was born in Cerro Gordo, 111., and they had one son, George B., who was born in November, 100(5. Mrs. Jones died August 30, 1907. On September 10, 1914. Mr. Jones was married! (second) to Gladys X. Iloffheins, who was born at Bement. 111., a daughter of Samuel and Laura (Kohor) Hofifheins of Ohio. In religious faitli Jlr. Jones is a Methodist. He is a st;iunch Republican and has served as county connnitteeman of his party, and is quite active in politics. A Mason in high standing, he is a memlier of Blue Lodge. Chapter. Com- mandery and Mystic Shrine, and also belongs to the Eastern Star, the Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias, both of Bement. the Modern Woodmen of America and Teonian of America. He is eligible to the Order of the Sons of Veterans, as his father had an honorable war record during the Civil War. serving three years as a member of Company K. One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry.

As a musician Mr. Jones is not only talented, but he has given very valualile .service as a member of the Sterling Regimental Band, tlie Champaign Band, and the Springfield Band, and has assisted in organizing and instructing several bands. At present he lielongs to the Fourth Regimental Band of Decatur, and of the Ansar Shrine (Masonic) Band of Siirini;- field. A man of high principles and jirogressive ideas Mr. Jones is active in promoting and for- warding those measures he believes will work out for the elevation of morals and the advance- ment of material conditions.

EEE, Joseph A., came to Piatt County in IS.l.'i. and was a merchant of Monticello until his death July 4. IS.".". He was married to Eliza- lieth Rhoades. and they had three children, namely : Kate. Xatlian E.. ami Joseph .\.

KERNS, Arthur N., one of the largest building contractors of I'iatt County, and a man whose work stands as the liest testimony to his skill and integrity anyone could desire, is one of the substantial men of De Land. He was born at Strawn, 111., October 2. 1882, a son of I-^manuel and Martha (Hettinger) Kerns, natives of Ohio. The maternal grandparents, William and Martha Hettinger, came to Sangamon Town- ship, Piatt County, in 1862, and bought a farm of swamp land, jjaying .fiO ]ter acre for it. This the grandfather tiled and thoroughly improved. He still lives upon this property, being now eighty-nine years old. The parents of Arthur N. Kerns located along the Sangamon River, but later moved to De Land where the father conducts a hardware store, and is a prosperous business man.

When he was eleven years old, .\rthur N. Kerns, w"ho had been attending school for some time, began learning the cariienter trade, and was at Sibley, 111., until 1907. In that year he went to Panama. 111., and took a contract for building eighty houses from the Shoal Creek Coal Company. During the two years he re- mained there he not only carried out this con- tract, hut built in all 147 residences, five busi- ness blocks and one hotel, and in this work firmly established his reputation as an efficient and capable contractor and builder. For the following two years he was at Hillsboro, 111., and then was at Edwartlsville. 111., until 1911, when he came to De I.Kand. Jlr. Kerns has done the greater part of the building here, including the erection of seven brick business houses in 191,';. In addition to contracts in De Land, he does work throughout the surround- ing country, and has from six to twenty men employed, and is always busy.

On Xovember 2f>, 1902. Mr. Kerns was mar- ried to Fannie McCoy, born at Streator, 111., a daughter of James and Anna McCoy, natives of Ireland and Indiana, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Kerns have the following children : Wil- liam Emanuel, Clarence Arthur, Violet Bell. Thelma and Goldie Ma.v. Mr. Kerns is a mem- ber of the Methodist Church. He served on the town board of Panama. 111., and helped incoi-porate the town. In ixilitics he is inde- pendent. Fraternally he belongs to the Order of Eagles, at Hillsboro. .\ man of sound prin- ciples, skill and natural ability, he has risen high and deserves the success to which he has attained.

KILTON, Obert L.. a skilled workman, is num- liered amoiiir tbe reliable residents of Jlonticello. where he has been for several years engaged in carriage and automobile painting. He was born at Tuiipors Plains. Oiiio. .\pril 21. 18.80. a son of Horace and Martha (Culi>) Kilton. natives of Meigs County. Oliio. The fatlier, wiio was a farmer, moved in 189,S to Christian County, 111., where be continued bis agricultural pursuits, connng in 1901 to Monticello. where he now lives in retirement. The mother died in 1S91. Their cliildren were as follows: Miles. .\<ldie.

JAMES K. PECK AND GRANDDAUGHTER

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

761

Kmma, Silas, Liniiie. Judsoii. Lettio. Weklon, Estella, Raymond, and Obert L.

Obert L, Kilton attended both common and high school, and has always lived with his father. In 1902 he began doing house-painting, .ind in 1912 branched out, learning carriage and automobile painting, and pstjililished himself in this line. His proficiency is .idmitted. and he enjoys a large and profitable patronage. In 1910 he built a twr^story brick l)uilding. located on West Main Street, near Mie Square. 4."> x 1(X) feet, the east room of the first fioor being used as a salesroom for autos, and the west room being occupied by Dr. Cahill, and the upper fioor is used by Mr. Kilton for bis business. Mr. Kilton is unmarried. In politics be has kept him.self free from pnrty tics, and givc>: bis sup- jiort to the men and i)rinciples tliat come near- est to his ideas of right. Fraternally be be- longs to the Ma.sonic order of .Monticello. and the Odd Fellows and Encam]iment of the latter order. Mr. Kilton has e.stablis-bed a good busi- ness and is one of Monticello's su<cessful business men.

KINGSTON, John W„ who is undoubtedly one of the most active and intelligent men of the older generation to be found in Piatt County, now living in Goose Creek Townshiji, was born in Peoria County, 111.. April .5, 1827. a son of George and Susan (Miller) Kingston, natives of County Cork. Ireland, and Illinois, respectively. The date of the father's birth was 17'."). while the mother was liorn in 1807. Tbe,\- were mar- ried in Sangamon County, 111., but later moved to Peoria County. 111., wliere the father entered .SCO acres of land, and lived many years. They had a family of six sons and three daughters that reached maturit.v. After the death of the good mother, the father came to live with his son, John W.. and in his home passed away six- teen years afterwards.

When be was twenty-three years old. .Tobn W. Kingston, who had attended the little log school in Woodford County, III,, left home and began working at the carpenter trade. For fif- teen years he followed this trade, and then bought 2S0 acres of land near Matamora. in Woodford Coimty. 111. Later he came to Piatt County. III., and bought eighty acres for which be paid ten dollars per acre, and still later forty acres for which he ]iaid twenty-five dol- lars per acre, but he has sold the last named tract to his son, George. The first laud was all raw prairie, but he thoroughly improved it, and also the balance of his acreage, and upon his land carried on farming and stock raising, and was very successful in his operations. His land in Woodford Couhty cost toim two dollars and fifty cents per acre, and ten years later he sold the farm for forty dollars per acre. He traded eigUity acres of Woodford County laud he possessed in his boyhood, for an ox wagon, not then imagining that the land had any real value, having obtained it in exchange for a pony. He sold the wagon at Decatur. 111., for forty dollars. His father's family doctor rode

a pony to Chicago and refused to trade it for eighty acres of land that now lies in the very heart of tJiat metropolis.

In 1852 Mr. Kingston was married to Sarah Bunting, born in Ohio, and they became the par- ents of the following children : Rosa, who is the widow of Heni-y Purkhiser, keeps house for her father ; Susan, who married Poke Spurrin, is now deceased ; George W., who lives in Goose Creek Township; John Henry, who died in California ; Ancil, who lives at Clinton, 111. ; Ellis, who lives at Decatur, 111. ; and Jennie, who died at the age of eight years. In 18.54 Mr. Kingston joined the Baptist Church, while living in Woodford County. A religious meet- ing was In progress at Mataniora. and although he attended it as a doulitcr, be experienced a change of heart, and according ti> his belief was born again, in the old fashioned way, and has never forsaken the straight and narrow path in which he then set his feet, nor has he ever regretted his action. For over forty years he has been a deacon, and for five years taught a bible class at Monticello, and for over forty years was superintendent of the Sunday school which he attends, and the greater part of the time conducted a Sunday school in tlie morning and the afternoon as well. A Democrat in politics, he is well informed upon political mat- ters, and served his district as a school director for many years. On December 15, 1911. Mrs. Kingston passed away, deeply mourned by her family and community. Few men are held in higher esteem than Mr. Kingston, and his advice is sought and followed in many matters of moment.

KIRBY, John, who is not only a self-made man, but is also one of the most substantial residents of Piatt County, whose operations here and es- pecially at Monticello, have added very mate- rially to the prosperity and advancement of this section of the state. He was born in County Limerick, Ireland, December 8, 1842, a son of Morris and Mary (TuUy) Kirby. The mother died in 1849 and the year following, the father brought Joliu and his brother to the United States, locating at Springfield, Ohio. While he was a farmer in Ireland, after coming to this country, he was a laborer.

.John Kirby was placed by his father with a farmer who lived near Urbana, Ohio, l)ut after a year he went with another family in that neighborhood named McCoy, These i)eoi>lc came to Illinois in 1856, bringing John Kirby with them, and they located near Decatur. Until July, 1861, John Kirby continued to live with the McCo.vs, attending the local schools during the winter, and working for them during the summers and did chores night and morning. In July of that year, however, he enlisted for service in the Civil War, in Company F, Second Illinois Cavalry, which was organized in Monti- cello. This connn.ind was with (iencral Grant during the campaign against \'l(ksliurg. but after the fall of that stronghold, was transferred to the Gulf department under General Banks, and

762

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

Mr. Kirby continued in western Louisiana until discharged. After taking tbe veteran furlough to which he was entitled, Mr. Kirby re-enlisted, and after thirty days returned to the Gulf de- partment, participating in the battles of Mobile and Blakeley, following which was in the de- tachment that did guard duty on the border line between Texas and Mexico, until discharged January 3, 1800, being discharged as lieutenant in command of the company.

On returning home, Sir. Kirby began farming in Willow Branch Township, and in 1868 was elected sheriff of Piatt County, serving for his full term, following which he began buying, handling and shipping stock. In 187.5 he went on a farm in Goose Creek Township, and there carried on farming and stock i-aising, and deal- ing in stock. He and his wife now own 2..500 acres of fine land, .570 acres of it being in La- porte County. Ind.. which they rent. Init conduct the balance themselves, raising all kinds of live stock, and carrying on general farming. In lSf>7 Mr. Kirby moved to Monticello. and in 1902 he built one of the finest residences of the city. In 100" be bought the abstract business and real estate office at Monticello. and con- diicted it until 1014 when he sold to Harry E. Keiser. Beginning life without a cent, and with no outside assistance. Jlr. Kirby has become a wealthy and successful man. and yet has not forgotten his own struggles, but has assisted more than one poor boy to become self-support- ing. liy starting them in busines.s. lending them money on their own notes.

In 1^73 Mr. Kirby was married to Mary E. Marqniss and they have one daughter. 'Nellie May. who is Mrs. W. H. England, of Monti- cello. Mr. Kirby is a Republican and sei-ved for eleven years as supervisor of Goose Creek Township. In 1Srt2 he was delegate to the Republican National Convention at Minneapolis. Minn., and has been committeeman and chair- man of the committee for many years. A Mason in bish .standing he has taken the Royal Arch degree, and he is a charter member of the local G. A. R. Post. In addition to his other inter- ests he owns stock and is director of several of the banking institutions of the county, and is pi'esident of the DeL.and State Bank.

KIRKLAND, Chester, all of whose energies h.ivo been profitably directed to further developing and improving tbe homestead of bis father, was born at Demand. 111.. April 17. l.<?92. a son of William and .\nna (Hankinson) Kirkland. na- tives of Piatt County, .\fter their marriage the parents spent a time at DeLand. and then, in the latter part of isn2. moved to 300 acres of land they' owned in Sangamon Township. The father built all tbe bnildinss now standing, and made other improvements, adding to his farm until it comprised 400 acres, all in one body. Tliis he farmed until 1f>02 when he moved to Monticello. and for a time was interested in conducting a moving picture playhouse. The children born to these parents were as follows:

Clarence, who lives in Sangamon Township; Chester ; Esther and Myrtle, who are at home.

After attending the Madison district school, Chester Kirkland devoted himself to farming, and in 1912 took charge of ISO acres of the home- stead, and his brother Clarence the balance of the farm. Here he carries on general farming, .■md is one of the live young farmers of the township.

On February 24, 1915. Mr. Kirkland was mar- ried to Rosa Wittig. born March 30, 1S95, In Goose Creek Township, a daughter of Adam and Christina Wittig. Mr. and Mrs. Kirkland have one daughter. Geneva Louise, who was born December 13, 1915. In politics Mr. Kirk- land is a Democrat.

KIRKLAND, Clarence, is one of tlie native sons of Sangamon Township, and comes of one of the old pioneer families of this region. He was born in Sangamon Township, where he still resides, August 21, 1890, a son of William and -Vnna (Hankinson) Kirkland. After attending the common schools of his district, Mr. Kirkland had the further educational trainimr afforded by the De Land High school, and then assisted his parents on the liomestead. In 1910 he went to De Land and spent one year in that village, in school, but in 1912. returning to Sangamon Township, he and his brother commenced oper- ating 400 acres of the home farm in jiartner- ship. so continuing until 1915. when they divided the property, and Mi\ Kirkland now has 190 acres on which he carries on general farming. Without any question lie has onei of the finest farms in Piatt Couny. and is doing all he can to further improve it and to maintain its high standard of excellence.

On March 8. 1916. Mr. Kirkland was mar- ried to Florence Rankin, born in Sangamon Township, a daughter of James and Hulda Rankin. In politics Mr. Kirkland is independ- ent, preferring to cast his vote for the man rather than to bind himself down by party connections.

KIZER, Thomas J., president of the State Bank of Hammond, a prosperous grain dealer and one of the forceful business men of Piatt County, has long been an important factor in the finan- cial and commercial life of Hammond. He was born in ILacon County, 111.. .Tune 11. 1847, a son of John S. and Lydia fDa^^s) Kizer. na- tives of Ohio and Kentucky. John S. Kizer came to Sangamon County. 111., with his par- ents and settled near Springfield. The mater- nal grandparents, .Joseph and Sarah Davis, na- tives of Kentucky, settled south of Springfield. 111., in 1S2S. but soon thereafter moved to Macon County. 111., making the trip with horses and wagons. They owned a large tract of land in Macon County. Soon after their marriage tbe parents spent a year at Mechanicsburg. when they went to Macon County, 111., and until 18.57 lived on a farm east of Decatur, from whence they went to Marion County, Mo. Tlie father opened up a mercantile business at Emerson,

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

763

Mo., but on account of disturbances occasioned b.v tbe outbreak of the Civil War, returned to iiacon County, in 1861, and bought a farm which he continued to operate until ISSG, when he moved to Decatur, 111., and there he died April 10, 1003. The mother survived him until De- cember 25, 1908, when she too passed away. At the time of his deatli the father was eighty- eight years, but the mother who was much younger, was eighty-three years old. when she died.

In addition to attending the common schools, Thomas J. Kizer took a business course at the Jacksonville Commercial College, thus prepar- ing himself for a business career. On June 2, 1873, Mr. Kizer came to Hammond and bought out tJie lumber business of Bryant & Bodman, and in 1870 branched out into a grain dealer as well. The latter line proved so important, that in a few years Mr. Kizer discontinued handling lumber, to devote himself to his grain business, and Is now the oldest in his line at Hammond. Since 1909, he has had as his partner, his son, Loren P. ViTien the State Bank of Hammond was organized, Mr. Kizer was one of the men instrumental in establishing it, and he served as its vice-president during the first eighteen months of its existence, and then was made its executive head, which oflice he still holds, lend- ing it solidity and prestige by his connection with it.

In December, 1873, Mr. Kizer was married to Eliza A. Adams, born in Coles County, 111., near Mattoon, a daughter of Christopher B. and Sarah (Ganoway) Adams. Mr. and Mrs. Kizer became the parents of the following children : Ethel E., who Is Mrs. F. E. Benard of Hammond, 111. ; and Loren Parker, who is in partnership with his father. Not only is Mr. Kizer a mem- ber of the Methodist Church of Hammond, but he has been one of its trustees since 1876, and at that time took part In the organization of the church. In politics he is a Democrat and has served as collector three terms, school treas- urer twenty-three years, and was the first presi- dent of the board of Hammond, and was re-elected to that oflSce.

KNAPP, Charles Oliver. As Bement is situated in the center of a rich farming district that looks to it as a source of supply, it is but nat- ural that those who are In business at this point should strive to meet the requirements of their trade by handling goods that are In demand. One of the men who has a record of faithful and successful endeavor behind him is Charles Oliver Knapp, dealer in heavy and light hard- ware, tinware and plumbing and heating ap- pliances.

The birth of Charles Oliver Knapp occurred at Bement. III.. October 19, 1S7S. and he Is a son of James Ferdinand and Inez Bell (Sparks) Knapp. After attending the public and high schools of Bement, Mr. Knapp was graduated from the latter at the age of eighteen year-s, following which he entered his father's hard- ware store at Bement. In 1910 the store and

its contents were destroyed by fire, and Mr. Knapp and his brother, Curtis I<''erdinand, re- established the business as partners. They con- tinued together for a year, and then Mr. Knapp bought out his brother's Interest, and has since continued alone, his stock being a large and varied one, and the volume of bis trade showing a healthy and steady annual iucrea.se.

On December 28, 1909, Mr. Knapp was united in marriage with Agnes C. AUman, born at Mon- ticello. 111., a daughter of James and Anna (McShaflery) Alhnan, natives of Ireland and I'hiladeliihia. I'a., respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Knapi> have two cliildren, naimely : John Duane and Anna Mary. Jlr. Knapp served for three terms as tax collector of his township, and was a capable official. Fraternally he is a Chapter Mason, and Knight Templar, and also belongs to the Knights of Pythias. Alert, sagacious and far sighted, Mr. Knapp has built up a fine busi- ness, and Is worthy the esteem he inspires.

KNAPP, James Ferdinand, who for years was connected with the liusiness interests of Mon- ticello and Bement, is now deceased, but his name is recognized as standing for the best class of citizenship of Piatt Cbunty. Mr. Knapp was born in Elkhart County, Ind., December 2, 1842, a Sun of James and Sally Ann (Ben- ham) Knapp, the former of whom was born near Ilaverstraw, N. Y., and the latter at Ovid Center, N. Y. They moved to Elkhart, Ind., about 1832. The father was a wagon maker of Middleburg, Ind., but I'eslded on a farm that he owned in the vicinity of Middleburg. His death occurred in the spring of 1841:. The motljer lived until 1891. After the death of her first husband the mother married again.

Until he was fourteen years old, James F. Knapp lived with his mother and stei)-father, and attended the neighborhood schools. At the age of fourteen years he began learning the tinner trade, working at an apprenticeship in Indiana and New York. In September, 1865, he came to Bement, where he engaged with William Camp as a tinner, but later with Henry Camp embarked in a hardware business, which he conducted until 188C, when he sold and moved to Monticello. There for eighteen months he conducted a livery stable, then returned to Bement and bought back his old business, which with Mr. Camp he carried on until he turned over his interests to his two sons, Cliarles O. and Curtis T., and retired, dying June 2, 1915. Although bis business was almost destroyed by fire, he rebuilt and branched out, so that his was the leading store of Its kind at Bement.

Mr. and Mrs. Knapp became the parents of the following children : Duane B., who died at the age of seventeen years; Charles, who resides at Bement ; Fannie Bell, who died in infancy ; and Curtis F., who is a rural free delivery mail carrier, lives with his mother. Mrs. Knapp is a member of the Episcopal Church, and is a charter member of the Woman's Club of Bement, of which she was president for one term. Mr. Knapp was a Republican and served as super-

764

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

visor for two years, anil alderman for the same U'n);tli of time. lie was a Cliapter Mason. No man of tlie county stowl any liiiilier in jinb- lic regard, and liis family may well lie luinid of tlie lioiioralile record lie made.

KNOTT, A. B., M. D., for years engaged in an jictive practice at Monticello. came to Piatt County in is"i."i. fntil 1S73 he lived in Sanga- mon Township, but in that year moved to Mon- ticello. In Ix.'iO Doctor Knott was married to Mary Law. and they had five children, namely: Dr. F. II.. .Josephine, .Mary A., Sarah and .Tep- tha. In istis Doctor Knott was married (sec- ond) to Mary B. Williams.

KNOTT, Jeptha D., M. D. It very often happens that members of the medic-al profession are numbered among the leading men of the com- munities in which they reside, and this is true in the case of Dr. Jeptha D. Knott, of Monti- cello, who is not only a skilled physician, but a reliable business man and pulilic-spirited citi- zen. He was born in Sang.imon Township, March 12, 18G1, a son of Dr. Amias B. and Mary (Law) Knott, natives of Pennsylvania, who were married at Uniontown that state. The father was also a physician and moved to Fay- ette County. Ohio, and in 1854 came to Piatt County, settling in Sangamon Towasliip, of which he became the first supervisor. After practicing there for many years, in October, 1S73, he moved to Monticello, where he contfn- ued in practice until his death. The mother died .June 21. 1908. Their children were as follows: Dr. F. H.. who died in 1,880: .Jose- phine, wlio is the widow of Jacob II. Cline. of Urbana, 111.; M. A., who is Mrs. J. M. Bender, of Monticello; Sarah J., who is Mrs. J. W. Elsea. of Mattoou, 111., and Dr. J. D.. who is the .voungest.

Dr. Knott attended the common and high schools of Delaware. Ohio, and then took a medical course at Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago, from which he was graduated in 1883, following which he located at Monticello where lie has been engaged in active practice. He is the originator and manufacturer of Cronpine. founding the J. D. Knott Company. March 30. lOl.'i. for the purpose of iilaciiig this remedy on the market. Dr. Knott is i>resident of the lomiiany. the late John X. Dighton was vice jires- i<lent aiKl W. F,. Itogers is secretary and treas- urer. The comiiany also manufactures Iva Curine for the cure and treatment of ivy poison- ing, both remedies having a wide sale.

In politics Dr. Knott is a ISepublican. A Mason in good standing he has taken all the degrees, including the Shrine, and served three terms as worshipful master of his lodge, lie is also a member of the Odd Fellows.

LAUGHMAN, Henry C, an honored veteran of the Civil War. who is not only the sole florist of Cerro Conlo. but the leading one in Piatt County, Is a man of wide and long experience, who not only understands his business, but has

a natural liking for it. He was born at Union- town, Muskingum County, Ohio, February 14, 1844, a son of John and Mary (Laird) Laugh- man, natives of Penn.sylvania.

Until he enlisted for service in defense of his country during the Civil War. Henry C. Laughman remained at home, but in August, 18112, he became a memlier of Comiiany H. Ninetieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was in the Twenty-first Army Corps until after the battle of Chickamauga, when his regiment was ti-ansferred to the Fourth Army (T'orps. Mr. Ixiughman was in the battles of Perr.vville. Wild Cat Mountain. Xenia. Lexington. X^ash- ville, .Stone River. Manchester. Kingston, Look- out Mountain. Chickamauga. Missionary Ridge. Resaca. P.ig .Shanty. Kencsaw Jlountain. Manassa, Buzzard's Roost. Peach Tree Creek, .\tlanta. Jonesboro, Chattanooga. Pula.ski. Siiring Hill, Franklin, and second battle of Xashville. •Vfter a winter at Huntsville. the regiment was sent to Knoxvllle, Tenn., and then on to .Vsb- vUle. N. C. In July. 1S(W. Mr. Laughman was mustered out at Camp Harker, Tenn.. and dis- charged at Camp Deuison. At Kenesaw Moun- tain he was slightly wounded on the right cheek, and at Jonesboro. a ball grazed his back bone. Iiut neither wounds were dangerous.

After his return to Ohio. Mr. Laughman was married, April 1.5, 1807, to Mr.s. lAicinda (Miller) McFarland. Ixirn in Ohio, a daughter of William and Martha Elizabeth (Potts) Miller, natives of Virginia. Mrs. Jjaughman was the widow of Thomas McFarland. and had a daughter, Alma M., who is now Mrs. Frank Michaels of Cerro Gordo. Mr. and Mrs. Laugh- man have a daughter, namely : Xellie. who is Mrs, Charles Morgan of Decatjiir, 111.

In the spring of 1870 Mr. I^aughman came to Cerro Gordo. 111., and for the first few years after his arrival worked in a wagon shop. In 1808 he built the first greenhouse in Cerro Gordo, and raises early vegetables and flowers, being the only man engaged in this line in the neighborhood. In addition to carrying on this jirofitable business. Mr. Laughman has been .ianitor of the Methodist Church building at Cerro Gordo since 18S0.

In politics 5Ir. Jjaughnian is a Reiiublican. He is a member of the Jlodern Woodmen of Amerir-a and belongs to the G. A. R. Post at Cerro (Jordo. and has filled all the offices in the latter or.ganization.

LEAL, J. H., M. D., came to Benient in 1857 and was there engaged in practice for about a decade, when he went, on account of failing Ileal th, to Los .\ngeles. Cal.. where he died in ls7s. While in I'intt County lie was recognized .IS one of the leading surgeons of the locality.

LEAVITT, Mrs. Stella Clark, one of tlie highly esteemed women of Piatt County, and an im- jiortant factor in the highest social set of Ham- mond, was born at Hammond, 111.. January 22. 1884. a daughter of Charles and Maria Jane (Kinzel) Clark. He was liorn in Kentucky,

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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

765

October 5, 1847, but was brought to Illinois by his parents when he was small, and was reared and educ-dted in the city of Charleston. After leaving school Mr. Clark came to Piatt County, locating near Hammond, where he bought and improved eighty acres of land, and placed it all under cultivation. Later lie added the eighty acres adjoining, all of It lieing in Cerro Gordo Township, and here he was engaged in farming until about 1885, when he moved to Hammond, and opened a restaurant. For about ten years he continued in this line, and then retired owing to ill health. His death occurred at Hammond, January 17, 1901. The mother of Mrs. Leavitt, Maria Jane (Ivinzel) Clark, was born in Ohio, April 15, 1847. She died at Hendersonville, N. C, April 3, 1898.

Mrs. Leavitt attended the common schools of. Hammond, and the Charleston High school, fol- lowing which she studied music at Decatur. 111., for a year. Following this she spent a year in Nebraska, and then returned to Hammond. On October 19, 1904, Miss Clark was married to Elmer Leavitt, born in Unity Township, Piatt County, January 20, 1S84, a son of Harry and Addie (Orr) Leavitt. Mr. Leavitt attended the common schools of Hammond, and then worked on a farm for a short period, when he estab- lished himself in a publishing business at Ham- mond, editing and publishing the Hammond Courier for about five years, leasing the plant for a year but conducts it at present himself. Mr. Leavitt built a large garage and conducted it about four years, when he sold his business to Neff & Asherman, but continues owner of the garage building and the printing office. In 1910 Mr. Leavitt started an electric light plant, which was the first at Hammond, and" 'continues to operate it. Both he and Mrs. Leavitt are mem- bers of the Baptist Church of Hammond. Fra- ternally he is a member of the Elks, at Decatur, the Knights of Pythias at Bement, the Odd Fel- lows and the Modern Woodmen of America at Hammond. A Republican, Mr. Leavitt has been called upon to serve on the villa.ge hoard of Hammond, and is a very efficient ami capable man in every particular.

LEFEVER, Frank 0., one of the well known men of Piatt County, a large landowner and somewhat active in politics, resides on his valu- able farm of 240 acres in Willow Branch Town- ship and carries on grain farming and stock- raising. He was born in Champaign County, 111., Octoben 24, 1869, and is a son of Isaac L. and Anna E. (Peck) Lefever.

Isaac L. Lefever was born in Clinton County, Ind., September 8, 18.32, and died January 7, 190.5. He had district school advantages for some years and afterward worketl for a year at the carpenter trade in Indiana and later in Missouri. There are many jieople yet living who can recall the prevailing excitement when gold was discovered in California and Mr. I^efever was one who crossed the plains to seek a for- tune. During his three years of mining experi- ence he met with considerable success. After he

returned to Indiana he worked again at the carpenter trade for about five years and then moved into Illinois and bought forty acres of hind in Willow Branch Towns^Uip, in Piatt County. After cultivating that land for four years he sold it and bought eighty acres in Champaign County which he improved and lived on for nineteen years. He then rented out this farm and moved back to Piatt County and for five years operated 320 acres for his brother, when he bought city proiierty at LIrbana, 111., and resided there for thirteen years, selling then and retiring to Milmine, where he lived until his death in 1905. In 18G1 he was married to Ann E. Peck, who was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, September 20, 1841, and died June 13, 1889. When young she was brought to Piatt County by her parents, I.saac and Mary (Shan- ton) Peck.

Frank O. Lefever attended school at Milmine more or less regularly until he was eighteen years old, after which for two years he worked for his father and then started agricultural op- erations on his own account, on the farm in Willow Branch Township on which he now lives and owns. At that time it belonged to his uncle. He remained on this farm for four years and then moved to anotJier containing 210 acres, in the same township, on which he continued for thirteen years. He then returned to his uncle's farm for nine years. In 1900 he bought eighty acres of land in the township and in 1910 bought an ad.ioining eighty acres and in 1914 bought the 240-acre farm on which he lives. He also owns a farm of 160 acres in this township which he rents out to George Larrick. Almost all his business life Mr. Lefever has been engaged in extensive agricultural operations and undoubt- edly his prosperity can be attriliuted to his care- ful indu.stry and natural good .iudgment.

On September 10, 1893, Mr. Lefever was united in marriage with Josephine Armsworth, who was born in Piatt Coiuity November 16, 1872, a daughter of Ben.iamin and Martha (Ater) Arms- worth. The father of Jlrs. Lefever was born in Ohio in 1828 and the mother in 18.34. He died July 17, 1914. and she died June .30. 1905. Mrs. Lefever died May 23. 1916, leaving one son, Clarence, who was born August 7, 1894. She was a lady of beautiful character and well edu- cated and taught school for two years before her marriage. The son remains with his father. Mr. Lefever is a deacon in the Milmine Chris- tian Church. For some years he has been identi- fied with Lodge No. 276, Odd Fellows, at Mil- mine. From early manhood he has supported the principles of the Democratic party.

LEISCHNER, Daniel, a general grain farmer of (Joose Creek Township, and a man widely known and universally respected, was born at Mansfield. 111.. March 5, 1872. a son of John and Catherine (Long) Leischner. natives of Saxony. Germany, and Pennsylvania. In young manhood the father came to the United States, locating in Illinois. Soon afterwards he estab- lished him.self at Mansfield, and then was mar-

766

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

lied in Cass County, 111. Buying forty acres of land, lie began farming, and soon traded his farm for another, rei)eating the transaction sev- eral times, until in January, 1SS8. he bought 173 acres of land in Goose Creek Township, to which he and his sou Daniel added 120 more. The death of this e.xcellent man occurred Febru- ary n, 1911, but the mother died August 11, 191C.

Daniel Leischner attended the schools of his district, and assisted his father until 1901, when he moved to eighty acres of land he owned ad- joining the homestead. On this be has erected all the buildings, and developed it into a very valuable property.

On May S, 1901, Mr. Leischner was married to Lyda Annie Musselman, born at Decatur, 111., August (!, 1807, a daughter of Ben.iamin and Angeline Musselman. natives of Lancaster County, Pa., and Sangamon County, III, respec- tively. There are no children of this marriage. Mr. Leischner belongs to the German Lutheran Church. In politics he is a Republican. An excellent farmer and sound business man, he has forged steadily ahead, and deserves the pros- perity which has attended his efforts.

LEMEN, James Milton. The late James Milton Lemen was imc cif the men who assisted in developing the agricultural interests of Piatt Count.v. and in laying broad and deep the foun- dations ni>on which these interests stand secure and substantial. A man of indu.stry and energy, he was successful in the accumulation of a well- won competency in material things, and he also won and retained the confidence and respect of those with whom lie came into contact in either a business or social way. He was born in DeWitt County. 111.. October 3. 1S40. a son of George B. and Charity (Swisher) Lemen. The parents of Mr. Lemen were natives of Clark County, Ohio, where they were married, and in 18?b they became residents of DeWitt County, where the father entered land from the United States Government and continued to reside thereon during the remainder of his life.

James M. Lemen was given a district and b.isrh school education and resided with his par- ents until the outbreak of the Civil War. He was one of the first men of bis county to enlist in the Union ranks, ioining Company E. Twen- tieth Recriraent. Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and fought bravely and faithfully until wounded at the battle of Champion's Hill, a gunshot wound through bis nose and upper lip incapaci- tating bim for further duty. In July. 1804. he received his honorable discharse and returned to his home. Xot long after his recovery he was married. September 7. 1804. to Miss Sidney Foley, a native of Hampshire County, Va.. and a daughter of William and P.arbara (Leather- man) Foley, natives of the Old Dominion. Mr. Foley died in 1.84,"i and in 1S.')4 his widow, with her children, moved to Clark County. Ohio. In 1858 .she came to Illinois and settled in Dewitt County, and here passed away in September, 1SG3.

After his marriage. Mr. Lemen took up his residence in DeWitt County, but in ISfiS came to Piatt County, locating near Mansfield. Some years later he moved to Normal, 111., where he ■spent one year, and then bought a tract of land in Shelby County, where he farmed for nine years. Returning at the end of that time to Monticello. he bought a farm in Monticello Township. Ho resided in Monticello and con- tinued to cultivate his land with great success until January, 1892, when he rented his farm and retired from active life. His bome at Mon- ticello is a fine frame structure where his widow still resides, and where Mr. Lemen died July 29, 1911. The family still owns and rents out the homestead farm of 320 acres, located five miles east of Monticello, as well as another handsome tract of 160 acres, in Cerro Gordo Township, Piatt County. Mr. Lemen was a citi- zen who was ever ready to give of his time, his talent.s and his means to the promotion of beneficial measures. He did his full duty in regard to public senice, and his record as col- lector, assessor, road commissioner and town- ship treasurer, is one which will bear the clos- est scrutiny and be found without stain or blemish of any kind. A Republican in his pol- itics, he advocated the cleanest principles of the party. He never lost his interest in his old army comrades, and was ever a popular member of the Grand Army of tlie Republic.

Mr. and Mrs. Lemen were the parents of four children: Charles Harlan, who makes his home with his mother at Monticello: Grace .\della. who died at Normal, HI., in March. 1883, aged seventeen .vears: George B., of Roc-kwell City. la.: and loibert N., of Godfrey. 111.

LIESTMAN, Frederick. Although more than two decades have passed since the death of Fred- erick Liestman. evidences of his thrift and in- dustry can still be found in the flue property owned by his widow, in Goose Creek Township, while his name is being perpetuated by his son .ind grandchildren, who have found lionorable positions in life. Mr. Liestman was born in Saxon.v. Germany. January 14. 183."). He was educated in bis native land, and there as a .young man engaged in farming. In 1800 he was married to Miss Minnie Shultz, who was born in Saxony, Prussia, Germany. December 24, 1842. and in 1868 they emigrated to the United States, coming on a sailing vessel, being on the • ocean for ten weeks, landing at Baltimore. Md., and .settling at Blooniington. 111., in the vicinity of which place Mr. Liestman worked on a farm for three years. He then took his small cap- ital, and leased from Mr. Mansfield a farm at Mansfield, Piatt County, and during the five years that be cultivated this land the Wabash Railroad was built through the property. Sub- sennently he purchased a farm of eighty acres in Goose Creek Township, the land now owned l>y his widow. This property had been partly improved, and Mr. Liestman completed its c\d- tivation, installing improvements and erecting new buildings, so that it was developed into

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

767

one of the valuable properties of the sectlou. He continued to be engaged in general farming and stock-raising during the remainder of bis life, and made himself known as an enterpris- ing and thrifty agriculturist. As a citizen he was ever ready to do his part in aiding good movements, but bis ottiiial service was confined to membership on the scbuol board. As a voter ))e supported the Democratic ticket. Mr. Liest- mau died May 22, 1S!)3, tbc jxisscssor of the respect and esteem of his tVllow-iiicii. In the fall of that year Mrs. Liestman puirliased a lot at Monticelio, had a modern residence built, and in March, 1894, moved into it. She is one (jf the well known and highly esteemed ladies of the city and has been an active factor in the work of the Presbyterian Church. In Germany she belonged to the Lutheran Church.

Mr. and Mrs. Liestman were the parents of one son: Frederick W.. a pliot(it;rapber of De Land, 111., who niarried Xettie Kcnncbarger and has five children, namely: Willhuii, who is con- ducting the operations on bis grandmother's farm: Grace, who is Mrs. Itobert Dent, of Cisco, 111. : Lulu, who is the wife of Marion Doss, of I'iatt County; Cecil, who resides in this county; and Harry, wlio lives with ins parent.s.

LODGE, Benjamin F., was born in Ohio, Decem- ber 2(i, 1832, and came to Monticelio as a Metho- dist minister in 1858, and was stationed at Bement, Cerro Gordo, the Baker Schoolhouse, Camp Creek, and other places in nearby coun- ties. In 18G6 he located on a farm near Paris, 111., but finally moved back to Piatt County, and here died" July 6, 1902. Mr. Lodge was married April 21, 1862, to Frances E. Lyon, and they had the following children : Charles 'Albert. Frank. Mrs. H. C. Body, Howard F., Daisy K., and several who died in childhood.

LODGE, Samuel A., for many peaceful years a prominent agriculturalist of Piatt County and linsiness nuui of Monticelio. was one of those who fought for the jireservation of the Union during the Civil \\'ar. He was born in New York City, on the present site of the New York end of the Brooklyn bridge. March 2fi, 1820, a son of Ben.iamin and .Julia (Brooks) Lodge, natives of Xew Jersey. At a very early date the parents moved to Edgar County, 111. ' There Sanmel A. Lodge grew up and became a hard- ware merchant, his business being located at Paris, in that county. From there he enlisted for service in the Civil 'War, as corporal of Company E, Twelfth Illinois Volunteer Infan- try, and was honoralily discharged November IS. l.S(;2. He re-enlisted in the Ninth Kentucky \'olunteer Infantry, and was made captain of a com|iany. but was discharged on account of disability before the close of the war.

Mr. Lodge returnerl to Paris, 111., but soon after went to Tuscola. 111., where he conducted .1 banlware store for a time, and still later es- tablished himself in a grain business at Be- ment, 111., in partnership with Charles W. Piatt. After a time. Mr. Lodge came to Monticelio and

bought and sold grain for many years, and then invested in a brick yard which he conducted for a time, also became interested in the man- ufacture of slat fencing and dealt heavily in coal, his business interests being many and va- ried. Finally he retired, some eight years prior to his death, in this interim dividing his time between Florida and other southern states in the winter, and Monticelio in the summer.

On March l.'i. 18s2, Mr. Lodge was niarried to Ellen Clayton. l>orn in La Salle County, 111., a daughter of Willi,\in and Elizabeth (Puntney) Clayton, the former born at Philadelphia, Pa., March 13, 180(:. and tlie latter born near EUi- cotfs Mills, Md., June 10, ]S03. The paternal grandparents were born in England, and the maternal grandparents were born in Marj'land. ^Villiam Clayton, father of Mrs. Lodge, was one of the prominent early settlers of Deer Park Township, La Salle County, 111., and was the first supervisor of the township, which he also served as a .iustice of the peace for many years. In 187.5 he went to Irociuois County, 111., and laid out the town of Claytonville, which was named in his honor. His death occurred December ."i, 1885. The famous park, called Deer Park, he owned, and twenty acres .iust at the entrance to this park is owned by the heirs of his son, John S. Clayton. There were no chil- dren born to Mr. and Mrs. Lodge. Mr. Lodge died January 1(i. 190(i. His widow has since lived in her beautiful modern residence at Mon- ticelio. He was educated in the schools of Paris. TIL. and Mrs. I>odge was educated in the Geneseo (111.) pulilic and private schoiils. In religious faith be was a Methodist, while bis widow is a Congregationalist. Politically he was a Republican, and he belonged to the G. .\. R. Mrs. Lotlge has a sister and brother .still living, namely: Caroline, who is the widow of J. C. Reynolds, of Deer Park Townsbi)). La Salle County, 111. ; and William R., who lives near (iridley. Cal.

LODGE, WilUam, was born in Ohio in 1S,'54 and came to Piatt County at an early day and not only engaged in practice at Monticelio, but liecame the owner of GOO acres of land in Mon- ticelio and Sangamon townships. He was con- nected with the Chicago & Paducab, now a part of the 'Wabash Railroad, and one of the promoters of the Monticelio & Decatur Rail- road, now a part of the Illinois Central Rail- road. He was married in lSfi8, to Frances A. Piatt, and they had the following children : 'William F.. James P.. Charles V., Paul E. and Fred S. He died September 24. 1901, and his wife died September 16, 1895.

LONGANECKER, 'William. Not only is "Wil- liam Longanecker a prominent figure in the history of Piatt County from a material stand- point, but he has been equally active in promot- ing its advancement in spiritual matters, and his name will always be connected with civic betterment work. He was born in Wayne County, Ohio, June 4, 18.50. a son of George and

768

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

Martha (Westheffer) Longanecker, natives of Lancaster, Pa., where the father was born in 1817. They were married in Wayne County, Ohio. The maternal grandparents, Benjamin and .Martha Westheffer. were early settlers in Ohio. After their marriage the parents located on a farm near Orrville, Ohio, where the father died December 30, 1893, the mother having died in 1S87. Their children were as follows: Elizabeth, who is deceased; John, who lives at Hiram, Ohio; William; Anna, who is Mrs. Samuel Lehman who lives on the old homestead near Burton City, Ohio.

William Lougianecker attended the common schools at a place in Ohio called Bunker Hill. In 1873 he left Oliio for Illinois, and for several months was at Cerro Gordo, then engaging with the Wabash Railroad on construction work. After a short time he spent si.x months working for a grain elevator at Cerro Gordo, 111. For the following three years he rented land, when he was able to buy sixty acres of prairie land in Cerro Gordo Township, and moved on this farm which continued his home until 1S85. when he bought 160 acres of land in Moultrie County, 111. This he soon rented ami went on the farm owned by his father-in-law. In 1890 he sold his Moultrie' County farm, and bought 200 acres of Mr. Martin's farm, on which he located, farming it, until 1907, during which period he added forty acres to it. In this year he went back to Cerro Gordo, buying a fine residence, and here he is still living. He rents his farm, which is as well improved a farm property as can be found in the county. "SVIiile engaged in agrlailtural pursuits, he was a large cattle feeder, and did a big business. Mr. Longanecker also owned 320 acres in Deval County. Tex., which be bought in 1913. It was all unbroken land, but he improved it and operated it as a dairy farm. Recently he sold this farm and bought 360 acres near Henderson Mound, New Madrid County, Mo.

On December 4. 1873, Mr. Longanecker was married to Eliza Martin, born in Wayne County. Ohio, a daughter of Abraham and Martha (Lidich) Martin, natives of Pennsylvania, who came to Piatt County in 1871. and were farm- ing people. Mr. and Mrs. Longanecker became the parents of the following children : Minerva, who is Mrs. .Tohn Peterson of Oakley Town- ship, Macon County. 111. ; Martha, who is Mrs. Miles Scott of Cerro Gordo Township; Elmer, who resides in Cerro Gordo Township; Clara, who is Mrs. Wilson Miller of Lone Creek Town- ship. Macon County; Harry, who resides in Cerro Gordo Township; Harvey, who lives in Upland. Cal. ; and Edna, wiio keeps house for her father, the mother having died January 23, 1906. Mr. Longanecker is very prominent as a Methodist, and has been a trustee of his church since 1912, and is now collecting steward. He is a member of the men's class of the Fore- ward Movement. A strong Republican he has served as school director for eight years, school trustee for six years, highway commissioner for nine years, drainage commissioner since 1904,

was supervisor for six successive years, and for three terms has been on the village board. He served two terms on the board of directors of the Farmers Elevator Company ; has been ceme- tery trustee for three terms, and was one of the prime movers in improving the cemetery. While supervisor, he was sent to the state convention of supervisors held at Chicago, and was chair- man of the board for one year, and for one year was chairman of the board of review. During June. 1914, Mr. Longanecker was on the petit jury in the United States court. In even,- office he has filled, whether a public one, or one in which his services were donated, Mr. Long- anecker has shown a faithfulness in the dis- charge of the duties entrusted to him that marks him as conscientious and capable, and estab- lishes him very firmly in the confidence of his associates.

LOWRY, Reuben A., who was born in UeWitt County, 111., lived for years at Monticello, and died there March S, 1874. On August 27, 1858, he was married to Sarah R. Miles and they had the following children : William Milton. Thomas S.. Eliza J. and Francis Hubert.

LUBBERS, Jurko, a general farmer and stock raiser nf Gocisc Creek To^^niship, belongs to the well known Lubbers family, of Piatt County, and is an excellent representative of the same. He was liorn in Goose Creek Township, in July, 1882. a son of Otto and Katie (Remmers) Lub- bers, natives of Hanover, Germany, who came to Illinois when young, locating in Ix)gan County. There they met and married, and spent some years, but sulise<iuently loc-ated in Goose Crei'kTiiwnsliii), Piatt County. The father died .Tanunry 16. 1907. and the mother passed away December 31. 1904.

Jurko Luliliers resided with his parents until 1907. having in the meanwhile lived as other farmer's sons, who attend school and work on the farm. In that year he moved on 120 acres of land in Goose Creek Township, his portion of his father's estate, and lived there for four years, and then went to the farm of a brother- in-law. Christian Lubbers, in the same town- ship, which comjirises 200 acres. Here he car- ries on general farming and stockraising.

On October 2. 1907. Mr. Lubbers was married to Rincha Sleyer. who was bom October .30. 1889. a daughter of George and Ella Bell fReg- nold) Meyer, natives of Germany and Illinois, resiiectively. Mr. and Mrs. Lubbers have two children, namely : Arthur Grover. who was born July 29. 1908; and Geneva Arlene. who was lim'n June 26. 1911. Very much interested in the work of the Baptist Church, of which he is a monilier. Mr. Lubbers is serving it as deacon, steward and trustee, and is assistant superin- tendent of the Sunday school. A Democrat in piilitics. he has served for six years as a school director. Fraternally be belongs to De Land Lodge Xo. 740. I. O. O. F. In addition to his other interests. Mr. Lubbers is a dii-ector of file De I/and State Bank, and is a man of sub-

w ^

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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

769

stance antl occupies a prominent position in liis community.

LUBBERS, Reemt, whose life lias been spent upon his present farm in Goose Creek Township, was born there June 13, 1879, a son of Otto and Katie (Remmers) Lubbers, natives of German.y. The parents came to the United States after their marriage, and spent some time on leased land in Logan County. Later they came to Piatt County where they bought 2S0 acres of land in Gonse Creek Township, to which the father added until he had 400 acres of land. Tljis farm he improved and conducted until his death, that occurred on January 16, 1907. The mother died on December .31. 1905. Their children were as follows : Dena, who is Mrs. Louis Myers ; Win- nie, who is Mrs. Jordan Weets, of Goose Creek Township; Fannie, who is Mrs. Christ Lubbers, of eastern Colorado: Uoemt : Jurko. who lives in Goose Creek Township ; Katie, who is Mrs. Richard Blandau, of Tacoma, Wash. ; and Otto, who is also in eastern Colorado.

Reemt Lubbers attended the Moraiu district school in his native township. As said above, his life has been spent upon the home faiTU, which he helped to develop, and when his father's estate was settled, he inherited 120 acres, to which he has since added twenty acres, and this he operates very profitably.

In Kansas, on September 29, 1907, Mr. Lubbers was married to Anna E. Lubbers, born December 7, 18S8, in Piatt County, 111., a daughter of Isaac and Annie (Reapkes) Lubbers, natives of Ger- many. Jlr. and Mrs. Lubbers have two daiigh- ters, namely : Katie E., born October 14, 1909, and Marguerite L., born September 8, 1912. Mr. Lubbers is not only a consistent member of Emanuel Baptist Church, but is a deacon, trus- tee and treasurer of that body, and a very important factor in its growth and good work. In politics he is a Democrat. In addition to his agricultural interests he is a director of the DeLand State Bank, owns stock in the Fanners' Elevator Company of Monticello. and is in every wa.v worthy of the trust reposed in him by his associates.

LUCAS, John A., who was born in Illinois, came to Renient and died here in 18(19. He was mar- ried to Matilda Freeman, and their children were as follows : Franklin, Sarah, Henry C. and Emily J. At the time of his death he owned ICO acres of land in Bement Township.

LUMSDEN, Edmond W., a substantial retired resident of Jlonticello, is one whose long service to the county in the mnk of a successful busi- ness man entitles him to the comfort he is now enjoying. He was born in Morgan County. Til.. June 14, 1842. a son of William G. and Lucy (Keeling) Lumsden. The father was born in Virginia in 1806. and died in Morgan County, 111., in 1892, aged eight.v-six years, having been a farmer all his life. The mother, who was born in lSO.->. (lie<l in 1898. aged ninety-three years.

Edmond W. Lumsden was educatwl in Morgan County, attending a school held in a log cabin under the subscription plan, and when he was fifteen years old, his school days ceased, and he began working on the farm for his father, so continuing until 1864 when he engaged in farming for himself in Morgan County. Siib- seipientlj- he moved to Champaign County, 111., and after four ,vears came to Monticello, where he established himself in a butchering busi- ness and conducted It for Ave years. He then went into .-i hardware and agricultural imple- ment business and successfully conducted it for ten years. For some time following this, he h.-uiiUeil real estate, and then retired. Mr. I.unisilen owns 240 acres in Piatt County, and 448 acres in Moultrie County, and recently sold 320 acres of land he owned in Kansas.

In 1S64 Mr. Lumsden was married to Peth- nne.v A.yre. a daughter of Jonas and Anna (Tow- ers) Ayre, natives of England, where their (L-uighter was also born. She was eleven years old when brought by her parents to the United States in IS.oO. Jlrs. Lumsden died January 4, 1916. aged seventy-one years. Mr. and Mrs. liUmsden became the parents of the following children: AValter. who married Ellen Lowry, resides in Missouri; .lonas. who married Anna Jones, resides in Jloultrie County, 111. ; James, who married Hannah Gulllford, resides in Moul- trie County, III. : .Vmia. who lives with her fa- ther, is a school teacher of Monticello : Olive Edna and Ethel, who both live with their fa- .ther ; and .Vlbert, who married Vest;i Strawn, had the misfortune to lose his wife in 191.''i. since which time he has lived with his father. Mr. Lumsden votes the Republican ticket, and was elected alderman of Monticello for one term, and he also served as road commissioner, and gave efficient service in both these offices. A man of high pi'incijiles and moral courage, he has always suiiporteil those measures which work for the advancement of his conunimity and the betterment of humanity.

LUX, Peter, was born in Prance in 1813, and came to Piatt County In 1862, buying a farm in Willow Branch Township, on which he planted 2.50 trees. He was married to a lady who was Ixirn at Hagerstown, Md., in 1823, and they had thirteen children, namely : John. -Vnna. Peter. Henry, Susan. Nicholas I., Martin, Jacob O., Clara L.. Augustus IT., Charles W., Harvey A. and Sarah K.

LYONS, WilUam. Some of the men of Piatt County who achieve most lasting fame are those who do not confine their efforts to one line of endeavor, but are interested along diversi- fied paths. One of these who reached success in several directions was the late WiUlam Lyons of Cerro Gordo. He was born near De- catur, 111., November 16, 1843, a son of John and Anna Margaret (Jacobs) Lyons, natives of Penns.ylvanla, who at a very early day came to Macon County, III., where the.v bought a tract of land. The father died in 1849, and William

770

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

Lyons was put with a family in Macon County, 111., living with them until the fall of 1S(J2. when he enlisted for service during the Ciril War in Company C, One Hundred and Sixteenth Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry, which regiment took part in thirty-eight liattles. William Lyons participated in the follnwiiig hattles : Vicksburg, CTiickamauga, Missidiiary lUdge, Resaca, Kene- saw Monutain, Lookout Jlountain, Atlanta and many others. He served until the close of the war, and his only wound was received while foraging, it being a gunshot wound in the b-uck, the bullet passing through his body and uiiper part of his left lung, lodging on the right side in the hollow of his neck near the skin. For a long while he was in the hospital, but recov- ered in time to be with General Sherman on his March to the Sea, and he was sent by boat to Xew York City where he was paid off.

Returning to Macon County, he was engaged in farming on rented land until 18C9. when he bought forty acres of raw land in Cerro Gordo Townshl|), ami lived upon it five years, improv- ing it and selling it at an advanced figure. He then bought eighty acres of land, to which be added eighty acres, and resided upon this prop- erty fifteen years, during which period he made many valuable improvements. In December, ISSS, he moved to Cerro Gordo and in con- junction with his son-in-law. Oscar X. East, he built a grain elevator in Milmine, and con- ducted it for several years, after which he sold it to a Mr. Shellaharger. Later he bought and ran an elevator at Cerro Gordo, but it burned and he then went into retirement. As oppor- tunity presented itself. Jlr. Lyons added to his homestead until it now contains 240 acres, and he also invested in a handsome residence in Cerro Gonlo, where his widow now resides, as well as other realty in that city. Mr. and Mrs. Lyons had a very distressing exjierieuce during their early m.irried life. Not long after they took posses.sion of their first farm, the house was blown away and demolished by a cyclone. At the time there were nine persons in the house, but fortunately none were seriously in.iured by the accident.

In February. ISfiS, Mr. Lyons was married to Elii'-abeth Likins. hoin in Marion County, Ohio, a daughter of John E. and Sarah A. (Cole) Likins of Ohio. They came to ilacon County, 111., in 1S.57, settling on a farm. Mr. and Mrs. Lyons had two children : Clara Alice, born February IT. ISCi'.l, who is Mrs. O. X. East. has two children. — Olive Winifreil and Florence Mildred; and .John Willani. born December 1.". ISTL died September 1(1. 1S72. Since the death of Mr. Lynns. October 22, llill. Mrs. I,yons has lived alone. He was a member of the Methodist Cburch and served as a trustee and held other church ofHces. In politics he was a Democrat. The G. A. R. had in him an earnest member and worker, and Mrs. I,yous is a member of the Woman's Relief Corps, serving as its president for two years and treasurer for six years, being in the former ottice during the time the monu- iiieiit was reared tn the nnknown dead of the

Civil War by Cerro Gordo Corps X'o. 103. She al.so belongs to the Woman's Foreign Missionary of the M. E. Church and the Rebeccahs. Mr. Lyons was a stockholder of the .State Bank of Cerro Gordo, and a man very laomiuent in other ways, and one in whom implicit trust could always be placed.

MACKEY, George, one of the self-made men of Stingamon Township, is a splendid instance of the kind of farmers and desirable citizens Ilatt County has produced. He was born in Sanga- mon Township, March 12, ISliO, a son of John and Leah (Hubbard) Mackey. As his parents needed his services in his .vouth. he remained with them and did not have an opportunity to secure an education. When he was twenty-six years old he moved on a farm just north of tJie homestead and rented this property for eighteen .vear.s, operating 240 acres. After the death of his parents, he moved on the forty-six acres he inherited from them, and to this added ninety-two acres more of the old homestead he bought from the other heirs. In ltiOi> he bought 100 acres just north of his farm, and be and his two .sons conduct this property, raising corn and other cereals, cattle, horses and hogs, being very successful in their undertakings.

On September 12. 18.'s2, (ieorge Slackey married Jennie Sprague, who was born in Piatt County, a daughter of Xathan and Ruth Sprague, na- tives of Ohio. Jlr. and Mrs. Mackey became the parents of the following children : Aimer, who is a farmer of Sangtimon Townshij) ; Myrtle, who is Mrs. Ford Combs, of Xorth Dakota ; Harland, who is a farmer of Sangamon Town- shi)i; and Wesley, Elva, Maude and Allierta. who are at home. The family are Methodists. .\ Republican in politics. .Mr. Mackey has .-served as roadmaster and on the township school board. His fraternal relations are with the (Jalesville Camji of the Modern Woodmen of .\merica. Hard working, sagacious and pro- gressive. Mr. Mackey has pushe^l ahead and richly deserves the success which has attended liini.

MACKEY, Samuel, a substantial farmer and stockraiser. rumcs of nne of the pioneer families of I'iiitt County, and has himself done much to adv.-mce the general prosperity of this sec- tion. He was born in Sangamon Township, w.here he still resides. January 22. 18.")0. a sou of Jolin and Leah (Hubbard) Mackey, natives of .New Jerse.v, and the vicinit.v of Sandusky, Ohio. They were married in Ohio, and in the fall of lN4(i drove a horse and wagon across country, camping liy the way at night. Xt that lime deer and other wild animals were very |)lentiful. and countless numbers of geese and ducks were foinid, so it was easy to jirovide fresh meat. The rate of travel was about twent.v-five ndles per d.iy, so that the trip consumed some time, but in the late fall they arrived at the farm of Ezra Marquiss. with whom they remained until they bought eighty acres of land on tlie [irairies in Sangamon

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

771

Towusbiii. This they improved, aud kept on adding to their holdings until the t'ar.ui com- prised aao acres of prairie land. Here the father died November 0, 189:2, aged seventy- eight years one month and four days, and tile mother passed away .September 5, 18&8, aged seventy -nine years eleven months and nine days. Their children were as follows: Mary, who is Mrs. Isaac Wright, of Blue Uidge Township; ■Catherine, who is Mrs. Witiam DeGroft, a widow, of Mansfield, 111. ; Alice, who is Mrs. Lyme DeGroft, a widow, of Sangamon Town- ship; Margaret, who is Mrs. .Samuel Primmer, of MansUeld, 111. ; Christian, who lives at Cen- terville, 111. ; Samuel ; and George, who lives in Sangamon Township.

Samuel Mackey attended the schools of his district and grew up amid pioneer conditions. He distinctly remembers .seeing upon many oc- casions the sun obscured by flocks of wild ducks and geese on their annual migrations. Until 1880 he resided with his parents ami then moved to eighty-seven acres of prairie land in Sanga- mon Township that forms a part of his present farm. The land was bi'oken, but no other im- provements had been made, and Mr. Mackey has erected all the buildings aud fences, and otherwise has increased the value of the prop- erty and made it a very comfortable home. He owns twenty-five acres of timber along the .Sangamon Kiver, in addition to his cultivated laud. All his life he has carried on general farnung, and is now specializing on raising registered Shorthorn cattle, Poland-China hogs, and draft horses.

On February 26, 1880, Mr. Mackey was mar- ried to Sarah Newell, born March 17, 1800. in Sangamon Township, a daughter of James and Klizabeth (Kizer) Newell, natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, who were married in Ohio, but came fo Piatt County in 1851, locating near Centerville. Mr. and Mrs. Mackey became the parents of the following children : Edwin, who was born .January 1, 1882, lives in Sangamon Township ; Leah, who was born January ll:!. 18S0. is .Mrs. Roy Thomas, of Defiance County, Ohio: and Elsie and Edna, twins, who wei'e born Decemiit^r Is. 1895, live at home; aud Alice, Bertha and an infant are deceased. The Cen- terville Methodist Church holds the membership of the fandly. In politics he is a Republican and served as townshij) collector for six terms, and as a school director for many years. Frater- nally he belongs to Mansfield Lodge No. 773, A. F. & A. M., and (Jalesville Camp, .M. W. A. A man of enter|irise he has forged steadily ahead and deserves the success which has come to him as a result of his industry and thrift.

MADDEN, Silas W., one of the substantial men of Piatt County, who for many years has been a property owner of Sangamon Township, as well as a snecessfnl farmer, was born in Sanga- mon TownshliJ, May 28, 1838, a son of John S. and Elizabeth (West) Madden. They came to this locality from Ohio, in 1833, and built a caliin on the edge of the timber. From time

to time the father entered land from the gov- ernment, obtaining in all about 2,000 acres. From 18.50 to 1855 he raised so many hogs and cattle that he fed all of his corn to his stock. In all lie developed and improved a large amount of land, buying and .selling to a considerable extent, and renniinetl in Piatt County until the fall of 1870. when he went to Montgomery County, Kas., and died there in 1878, having accpiired large holdings in that state. The niotlier died in 1844.

Silas W. Madden went to school held in log cabins, the m.-i.iority of them being conducted uiion tile subscription plan, before the adoption of the pulilic school system. Until 1858 he re- sided with his parents, and then branched out for himself by beginning farming a portion of his father's land. He continued renting from his father "ntil his enlistment for service in defense of his country during the Civil War, .July 10, IStil. in Company F., Second Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, and was assigned at Cairo, from whence he went to Cape Girardeau, Mo., and from there his regiment went to Paducah, Ky. At La Grange, Tenn., his regiment were engaged with seven regiments of the enemy's forces. Amoug other engagements, he was at the Siege of Vicksburg, and from there the regiment moved on Jackson, Miss., and May 5, 1864, Company F engaged on the skirmish line, and twenty-two Confederates were taken prisoners. The regiment went on to New Orleans, La., then to Pen.sacola, thence to Montgomery, Ala., back to Baten Rouge, and was fiii.illy dis('liarged at San Antonio, Tex., in November, 1S(;5, Fol- lowing his discharge, Mr. Madden returned to Piatt County, and resumed farming on 160 acres of land his father gave him, which was locatecj .just northwest of Lodge Station. In 1871 he bought 170 acres of his present homestead, u]ion which he has made many improvements. In .addition he owns twenty acres of timber- land on section 16, which is located on the Sangamon River. All his active life he has carried on general farming and stock raising, and has been successful.

In August, 1871, he was married to Nancy Catherine Burton, born in Ohio, a daughter of Enoch Bnrton. who came to Piatt County in 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Madden became the par- ents of the following children : Sherman, who was named after his father's hero. General Sherman, lives at Decatur, 111. ; Lena, who is Mrs. F. E. Devall of Dixon, 111.; Irvin, who is deceased ; and Homer, who assists his father. .Mr. JIadden still owns the fai-m given him by his father, but rents it to outside parties. In jiolitics he is independent, preferring to use his own .iu<lgment with reference to giving his support to a candidate. A man of much expe- rience, he stands well in his community.

MADDEN, William, one of the ])ioneers of Willow Branch Township, died in this town- ship many years ago. Among his children were the following: Nelson, Francis, William, Mrs. Thomas Gllck, aud Mrs. T. H. McCartney.

772

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

MALLORY, Joseph, who was born May 23, 1816, iu Viij-'inia, was for many years a farmer of I'iatt County, and later a resident of Monti- eeUo. He was married in ISuti to Cassandria F. (Longneclier) Smith, and they had one child, Lizzie. During the Civil War Mr. Mallory was provost nuirshul of Piatt County.

MANSFIELD, John L., was born in Hanover, Germany, June C. 1S03, and came to Piatt County in ls70, and lived in Blue Ridge Town- ship the remainder of his life, passing away September 20, 1876. at Mansfield, which he had founded and which was named in honor of him. In 1S41 he was married to Josephine A. Turner and they had nine children, namely : Fielding, Oscar, Mrs. M. C. Straight, and six who died early iu life.

MARKEL, Benjamin, born in Pennsylvania, came to Piatt County in 1857, but spent the declining years of his life in Kansas, where he was a Methodist minister. He had nine chil- dren, as follows : Eliza, Matilda. Thomas N., Elvira, Edward, Henrietta. Belle, and two wTio died young.

MARKER, David L., whose activities as a farmer of Benient Township entitle him to a place in a representative work of this kind, was born in St. Joseph County. Ind., April 2(i, 1861, a son of Ellas and Susan (Ulery) Marker, natives of Maryland and Ohio. They went from Ohio to Indiana in childhood, and were educated in the public schools of the latter state. After their marriage, Elias Marker engaged in farming in Indiana for a short period and then came with his family to Illinois, locating in Macon County, having traded the sixty acres they owned in Indiana for eighty acres in Macon County. This property continued the family home until the death of the mother in 1911. The father died in 1879.

David L. Marker was educated in Macon County, but left school at the age of fourteen years to become self supporting. Until his father's death, he worked for him. and then he and his brother Henry conducted the home farm for their mother for about ten years. Henry then went to Kansas, and David L. and another brother, John, continued farming, re- maining together for about five years. David L. Marker then moved to Piatt County, locating on the farm which continues to be his home, and is now his propert.v. although at that time it was owned Ij.v his father-in-law. A. J. Clark. After the death of Mr. Clark, Mrs. Marker in- herited it. and Mr. Marker continued the im- provements he had been making, and added to his holdings until he now has 200 acres, and rents 22G additional, having 420 acres \iuder his control.

On October 21, 1886, Mr. Marker was married to Laura J. Clark, a daughter of A. J. and Missouri (Groves) Clark. Mrs. Marker was born December 16, 1861, and died July 1, 1W2.

Mr. and Mrs. Marker became the parents of the following children : Charles, who was born August 25, 1887, married Alice Long, and lives in Bement Township ; John, who was born De- cember 25, 1889, married Margaret Smith, lives at home with his father ; Olive Jlay, who was born October 22, 1894, is at home ; DoUie, who was born December 20, 1897, is at home ; Ceathe, who was born April 0. 1000. is at home ; Pearl M., who was born February 24. 1892, died June 5, 1802 ; and James B., who was born June 10, ISOC, died Feliruary 18. 1896. Mr. Marker is a Democrat in political belief.

MARQUISS, Abraham, Sr., was one of the pioneers of Piatt County In 1833, in Goose Creek Township, and died in the county in 1859. Not only was he successful in his own farming, but he assisted his children in obtain- ing homes for themselves. In 1S09 he was mar- ried- to Elizabeth Barnes and their children were as follows : Ezra, John, William, Mrs. William Piatt, Elizabeth, and Henry.

MARTIN, Francis, now deceased, was for many years one of the substantial men of Moultrie County, 111. He was born at Lewlstown, Pa., November 11, 1822. His parents died in Penn- .sylvania, and there he grew to maturity. On December 3, 1844, Francis Martin was married to Sarah Bell, born in Pennsylvania, January 2, 1823, a daugihter of John and Mary Bell, natives of Pennsylvania. In 1857 Francis Mar- tin brought his family to Lovington, 111., and for eighteen months was engaged in farming at that point, and then moved to Hickory Grove, 111., where he spent three years. Returning to Pennsylvania, he remained in the vicinity of Lewlstown for a short period, and then iu 1861 came back to Illinois, and located at Bement. -Vfter building a comfortable residence on his farm in Hickory Grove. Moultrie County, he moved into it and was engaged in farming un- til 1893, when he moved to Hammond, 111., and there lived until death claimed him Sep- tember 2, 1904. The mother died at Hammond, 111., March IS, 1910. Their children were as follows : Nancy, who married J. Fernando Esk- ridge, is now deceased ; Joseph B., who lives In Unity Township, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in thi«! volume ; Mary Adeline, who lives at Hammond; and John H., who is deceased.

Sliss Mary A. Martin spent her life with her parents. When a child she suffered from a fever which left her nerves Impaired, and she has never fully recovered from the effects. After the death of her parents she inuerlted the old homestead at Hammond and seven lots in that village, and she continues to live iu the old home. Mr. Martin was a consistent Methodist, and a ver.v worthy man. His political aflilla- tlous were with the Republican party. The Martin family is one of the oldest in the county, and is connected with some of the best stock in the country.

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773

MARTIN, Henry Pleasant. In the death of Henry Pleasant Martin, which occurred Octo- ber 15, 1913, the city of Mouticello lost one of Its best citizens and commercial circles a man who had done much, through his integrity, enterprise and industry, to advance the city"s prestige as a business center. He was also well known in fraternal circles and in church work, and as a citizen did much to promote movements for the general welfare.

Mr. Martin was born at Chillicothe, Livings- ton County, Mo., June 24, 1857, and was a son of Azariah and Letitia (Ingraham) Martin, natives of Pennsylvania. His parents for a time lived at Stewardsou, 111., and later moved to Chillicothe, Mo., where the father was en- gaged in business as a millwright. Their last years were spent in the state of Washington, where they removed in 18S5. Henry P. Martin received his education in the district schools of Chillicothe. Mo., and Stewardson, 111., and when he was about thirteen years old the family moved to the vicinity of Mattoon, 111., locating on a farm. On September 6. 1882, Mr. Martin was married to Miss Ida M. Smutz, of Bethany, III., who was born at West Cairo, Ohio, a daugh- ter of Joseph G. and Sarah A. (Bushart) Smutz, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Ohio. From Ohio the parents of Mrs. Martin moved to Moultrie County, 111., where Mr. Smutz, a carpenter by trade, engaged in the undertak- ing and furniture business, lines in which he continued to engage during the remainder of his active career. Mr. Smutz was postmaster at Bethany for twelve years. He died at Cerro Gordo. 111., in 1897, Mrs. Smutz passing away at Bethany in 1910.

After his marriage, Mr. Martin continued as clerk in the dry goods store of A. W. Scott, at Bethany, III., where he had been employed for about two years. He then removed to Cerro Gordo to take charge of a store there, also owned by A. W. Scott, which was later pur- chased by A. R. Scott and Henry P. Martin. Five years later he purchased the interest of Mr. Scott and JNIr. Martin and established the department store business of H. P. Martin & Company, which was conducted for fourteen .vears at Ceiro Gordo, and then moved to Oak- land, where it continued in existence for nine more years. In 190.T Mr. Martin came to Mou- ticello and started dealing in dry goods, cloth- ing, shoes and millinery, his stock including all articles usually found in a department store, with the exception of groceries. His business talent, sagacity, foresight and alertness caused the store to prosper from the start, and although he lived only eight years longer he left be- hind him in his liusiness an enduring monument to his commercial acumen and industry. This, the largest store in Piatt County, is now owned by Orville H. Martin (a son of H. P. Martin) and Mrs. W. A. Scott, the business now being successfully managed by O. H. Martin and W. A. Scott.

Mr. Martin was a prominent Mason, a Knight Templar, and a member of the Eastern Star,

the Knights of Pythias and the M(](lern Wood- men of America. A Kepublictiu in his political views, he always took an interest in civic af- fairs, and served in mmierous olticial capaci- ties, including president of the school board in both Cerro Gordo, 111., and Oakland, 111. He was one of the county counnitteemen of liis party. He was one of the most active members of the Methodist Kpiscopal Church, and served as steward, treasurer and member of Ihe boai-d of trustees. The high esteem in \\hifh he was held by his business associates is shown in the fact that at the time of his death lie was presi- dent of the Commercial Club. .\t this time a local newspaper said: "His death removes a good man, a devoted husband, a kind father, a loyal citizen, a conscientious Christian gentle- man. He was the kind of a man whose life was such that the community was made better by his having lived in it."

The children of Mr. and Mrs. Martin were : \'erna Eileen, who is the wife of W. A. Scott, of Mouticello ; Orville H., of this city ; and Hubert Paul, who died in infancy. Mrs. Martin still resides at Mouticello.

MARTIN, Joseph BeU, one of the substantial men of Unity Township, and formerly a force- ful character in the Methodist ministry, was born in Mifflin County, Pa., February 5, 1848, a son of Francis and Sarah (Bell) Martin, the former of whom was born November 11, 1822, and the latter, January 2, 1823. They were married December 3, 1844, and lived on the Martin homestead near Vira, Pa., until 1857, when they moved to a farm the father had bought near Lovington, 111. On account of ill health in the family, they returned to Pennsyl- vania in 1859, but in 1861 there was a return to Bement, 111. Still later a removal w-as made to Hickory Grove, where the father developed into a prosperous farmer. Subsequently he iuoved to Hammond, III., where he built a fine residence and there resided, while his sons and grandsons continued to operate his homestead. At his death he left about 1.500 acres of land, which Joseph Bell, and the Eskridge boys, his grandsons, now own jointly. The father died September 2, 1904. He was always extremely active in religious work and was what was called a shoutiugl Methodist. In prayer he was considered specially effective and was always called upon to voice his sentiments at religious meetings. Both he and his wife outlived all of their brothers and sisters, dying at an advanced age. Their children were as follows.: Nancy Jane, who was born October 18, 1845, died April 25, 1880, at Hammond, 111., having been the wife of Fernando Eskridge. and leaving four children, — Elmer, who is of Hammond, 111. ; John Bell, who is of Moultrie, 111. ; Minnie, and Francis; Joseph B. ; Mary, who lived at Ham- mond, 111., is deceased; and John Henry, who was born July 20, 1851, died March 17, 1910.

The Martin family is of English extraction, the American progenitor having come from England to Virginia with Capt. John Smith, in

774

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

1622. The family later located iu Dauphin Count.v. Pa. The Kreat-Kreat-graudt'ather of Jo- seph 15. Martin, Samuel Martin, organized the first Masonic lodge in Tenusylvania. He had five sons who all served in the American Revo- lution. His two sous-in-law, one of whom was Lieutenant McCleland, were also soldiers in the American Revolution. The great-grandfather was Joseph Martin, served under General Wash- in^on during the American Revolution, and was lost on a trip from Georgetown, doubtless falling a victim to the enemy. His son, Samuel Martin, the grandfather of Joseph B. Martin, was horn December 17, 1775. He married Nanc-y Stark, a .second cousin of General Stark of Rev- olutionary fame. Samuel Martin died Septem- ber 24, 1842, in Pennsylvania, and the grand- mother died November 27, 1S59.

Joseph B. Martin attended the public schools of his neighborhood, and Mt. Zion Academy. In 1869 he joined the Illinois Methodist Con- ference, and filled charges at Mahome. Mans- field, Xewman. Tolona. Savoy, Fairmount, Philo, Christnian. Arc-ola. Patomac, and Cerro Gordo, and was then superannuated, and moved to 200 acres of land in Unity Township that his father had bought for him. Since then he has been interested in agricultural matters. For- merly he was an extensive raiser of Berkshire hogs lyid Red I>oll cattle. Mr. Martin now rents his 430 acres of land in Moultrie County, 111., and his homestead in Unity Township, to his son-in-law. He is the first man who used the shallow cultivator in this region, and the first who dragged the roads, while iu many other in- stances he was the pioneer in trying out new methods, and making e.vperiments tending to increase the efiiciency of the farmer.

On October 20, 1872, Mr. Martin was married to Sarah McAllester, liorn April 9, 1853, a daugh- ter of Andrew Jackson and Jane CWilliams) McAllester, the father born in Shelby County, Ind., and the mother horn in Mifflin County, Pa., October 27, 1819. Mrs. Martin's grandpar- ents were Zachariah and Margaret (Sterling) McAllester, natives of Wales and Ireland, re- spectively. Mr. and Mrs. Martin became the parents of the following children : Mabel, who was horn at Newman, 111., July 29, 1873, mar- ried December 29, 1898, William Everett Jumper of Unity Township ; Francis, who was born June 29, 18S0, is at home; John, who was born May 25, 1882, at Christman, 111., died MarcU 29, 1884 ; Florence, who was born March 17, 1884, at Areola. III., married June 20, 190G, Joseph Elgar Leachman of Douglas County. 111. : Clarence, who was born January 8, 188C, at Areola, 111., married December 11, 1912, Irene Jones, and lives at Warika, Okla. : and Mary, who was born Noveniber/2G, 1800, at Cerro Gordo, IU., is at home.

Mr. Martin held the first religious meeting at Mansfield with the ob.iect of inducing General Mansfield to donate a lot for a church l)nild- ing. He is the fifth cousin of Alexander H. Stephens who was vice-president of the Southern Confederacy. Mrs. Martin is related to the

liranch of the family de.scended from Betsy Ross who made the first flag of the new Ameri- can government. In politics Mr. Martin is in- deiiendent. During his long and useful life Mr. Martin has given his support to those measures he has believed would work out for the advance- ment of Ills community and the uplift of human- ity.

McBRIDE, David T. There are a number of wealthy men in Piatt County who prove in their lives that as a calling farming is very profit- able provided a man is willing to work haixl and direct his efforts intelligently. One of these representatives of the agricultural ele- ment that each year is becoming more and more important in the life of the nation, is David T. McBride of Goose Creek Township. He was born in Washington County, Md., in 1851, a sou of George and Eliza (Long) McBride, na- tives of Maryland. In 1S52 the family moved to Fulton County, 111., and bought a small tract of land. To the original purchase the father added from time to time until in 1873 he had considerable land. In that year he sold his land and came to Goose Creek Township. Piatt County, where he bought 240 acres of raw ])rairie land and broke it out and improved it, adding to it 140 acres in the southern part of the county. This also he later sold. His death . occurred in 1S87. The mother of David T. JIc- Bride was his second wife, and after her death, in ls.5(;, lie married a third time.

(irowing up in Fulton County, David T. Mc- Bride attended its common schools, and learned farming from the very beginning on the farm place, where he lived until 1873. In that year he inherited forty acres of land of the home- stead, and by i>aying $1,500 obtained forty acres from his father, to he paid when his father died. He kept on buying forty acres at a time from the other heirs of his father's estate until he now owns 320 acres, in two pieces of 160 acres each, one-half a mile apart. His home farm adjoins DeLiind. Mr. McBride has always been a hard working man. and takes a pride in the fact that in the fall of 1915 he kept up with the others in husking corn, although that was the fiftytifth year he had beeu engaged in that work. In P.Ki;; lie erected on his farm a modern, eight-room house, heated with a hot water plant, and furnished with hot and cold water, electric ligfits and other modern conveniences, and his home is a model one in every respect.

On January 18, 1877 Mr. McBride was mar- ried to Laura Ella Fullenwider, born at Des Moines, Iowa, a daughter of John Huston and Harriet Emiline (HariJer) Fullenwider. the former of whom was born at Crawfordsxille, Indiana, and the later at Greenfield, Ohio. They were married in Iowa, and died in Nodaway County, Mo. Mr. arid Mrs. McBride became the ])arents of the following children : Jesse H.. who lives in Goose Creek Township on one of his father's farms, known as the Jim Moody Farm ; Olive V.. who is Mrs. Harvey demons of DeWitt County, 111. ; Bertie Wood, who farms

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

775

the other farm owned by his father; Hattie Aun, who is Mrs. Howard Bartison of (ioose Creek Township ; and Glenn Harrison, who is on a portion of the homestead. In religious faith Mr. and Mrs. McBrlde are Methodists. His Iiolltical convictions make him a Republican. In fraternal matters he is connected with the DeLand Camp of Modern Woodmen of America and the Mutual Protective League. In addition to his other interests Mr. McBrlde is a stock- holder in the State Bank of DeLand. Few men stand as high in public esteem as does Mr. McBrlde who has proven his worth as a farmer and man, and his success is all the more to be commended as it has come through his own efforts.

McDowell, James, was born in 1820, and died in IStiO, having been a hotel man of Bement for some years. In 1845 he was married to Lydia McKinstry and their children were as follows: J. Virgil, Samuel, Mai-y E., Charles B. and Mrs. Gary Jloore. After the death of Mr. McDowell, his widow was married to James Wharton.

McFADDEN, Henry S. (deceased), for many years widely known and respected as an honor- able man and efficient farmer, was born at Car- lisle, Pa., May 1, 1S17, a sou of Michael and Sarah McFadden of Scotch and Irish descent. After attending the common schools of his na- tive place, Henry S. McFadden learned the sad- dler's trade, and worked at it in Butler, Pa., until 1842, when he moved to Franklin, Pa., and spent the succeeding three years at that place, working at his trade. He then went to Armstrong County, Pa., but in 1857 decided to go further west, and selected Monticello, 111., as his objective point. For ten years he alter- nated work at his trade and house painting. In 1867 he bought 320 acres of land in Goose Creek Townsliip, Piatt County, and became a farmer, continuing as such until his useful life was ended by death, June 10, 190.3.

In April. 1842, Mr. McFadden was married to Mary Ann Jlechling, born in Armstrong County. Pa., December 13, 1823, a daughter of John and Ann Eliza (Heiner) Mechling? natives of Greensburg, Pa., and Charleston, Va. After the death of Mr. McFadden. Mrs. McFadden moved to DeLand. 111., had a modern cottage built and she and her daughter Emma, are now living in comfort, in their own home. Mr. and Mrs. McFadden had the following childien : John M., who lives in Clay Center, Neb.; Fan- nie, who is the widow of William H. Bover, lives in Piatt County: Sarah A., who is Mrs. Ed- ward Blanchard of Los Angeles, Cal. ; Louise, who is the widow of W. T. Bean of Chicago: Emma, who lives with her mother; Harry, who is living on the homestead ; Juliette, who is Mrs. J. M. Francis of Knoxville, 111. ; and Franklin, who lives at Marion, Neb. Mrs. McFadden at- tended the subscription schools of her native l)lace, and also a seminar.v. Mr. McFadden was brought up in the faith of the Lutheran Church.

.Mrs. McFadden is a Metliodist. In politics Mr. McFadden was a Republican. Hard-working and thrifty, Mr. .McFadden worked and saved, and left his family in comfortable circumstances as a result of his economy and foresight.

McKINNEY, Alexander, was a pioneer of Indiana and Illinois, and came to Piatt County at an early day, and died in Cerro Gordo Township in 1878. He was married to Mary Orchard, who died in 1881, having borne him the following children : Mrs. A. Funk, William, Andrew, John. Samuel, Isaac, JIary, T. N.' and Martha.

McMILLEN, Ezra Thomas, cashier of the State Bank of De LaiKl, and a man widely and favor- ably known for his knowledge of banking and his general reliability, was born in Goose Creek Township, January 4, ISCO, a son of William Franklin and Peliiia (Marquiss) McMillen, the father a native of Longansport, Ind., and the mother of Piatt County, 111. The grandparents, Thomas and Mary McMillen, and Ezra Marquiss were natives of Ohio.

Ezra Thomas McMillen attended the com- mon schools of his native township, and fitted himself for the profession of teaching, entering upon that calling when only seventeen years old. Two years later he went into a hardware busi- ness at Monticello, under the name of Saint, McMillen & Co., and a year later began con- ducting the homestead. There he remained until 1!J03 when he became cashier of the State Bank of De Land. In addition he owns and operates KiO acres of fine land in Goose Creek Township, and is rcco^'iiizcd as one of the most advanced agriculturalists of Piatt County

On March 20. 1880, Mr. McMillen was married to Eliza May Linton, born near Ellsworth, Mc- Lean County, 111., a daughter of George A. and Martha Linton. Mr. and Mrs. McMillen have the following children : Edna, who is Mrs. J. E Haitt. of Green Valley, 111. ; Martha, who is a school teacher; and Frank and Wayne, who are both at home. Mr. McMillen is a Republican and is serving as township committeeman of his party, of which he is a leader. Fraternally he is a member of the Knights of Pythias of De Land. Shrewd, far-seeing and possessed of ex- cellent .ludgment. Mr. MeJIillen has succeeded In all his undertakings and is a man of power in his communit.v.

McMILLEN, Thomas, came to Piatt County in l^.'O, and later moved to Champaign County. He was married to JIary Hathaway and their children were as follows: Mary Ann, Frank Mrs. Seymour Marquiss, E. J.. Mrs. Philip Smith, Thomas, George E., Mrs. Dr. Davis Sylvanus, and Lucinda M.

McKEYNOLDS, WilHam, was born February 13, 1842, and came to Piatt County at an early day. On October is. Ism, he was married to Mrs. Jennie (Pendergast) Beard, and they had four children, namely : Willie, John A. Ix)gan, Mary

776

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

and Mji-a. For some years after their mar- riage Mr. and Mrs. McKeyuolds lived in Mon- ticello, and then moved to a farm about a mile outside Montieello, where Mr. McReynolds died May 13, 1S71). Jlr. McKeyuolds was in the office of the county surveyor, and held the office of county judge for two terms, being in that office when death claimed him.

McSHURLEY, John Wesley (deceased), was one of the high niihdetl. intelligent and trustworthy men of I'iatt County, who is remembered as one who (lid much for ins community, as an honest business num. and was also a veteran of the Civil War. He was born in Kentucky, August 5, 1S29, and died ut Montieello, May 22, 1904. He was a son of William and Elizabeth (Riley) McShurley, natives of Kentucky.

John Wesley McShurley attended the common schools of his native st;Ue, and learned black- smithing and brickmaklng. In young manhood he went to Henry County, Ind., and there worked at brickmaking until he became a sol- dier in the Civil War, enlisting at Richmond, Ind., in Company G. Eighty-fourth Indiana Vol- unteer Infantry. He was a brave and gallant soldier and was honorably discharged June 17, IStU. Returning then to Indiana he lived at Millville, that state, until is08. when lie moved to Montieello, 111., and engaged in manufactur- ing and dealing in brick uii to within a couple of years of his death. He purchased an acre of iand in the northwestern part of Montieello, where he built a brick house from brick he had made, and here his widow has continued to reside since his death.

On May IS. ]S.j4. Mr. McShurley was married to Hannah Tinsman, born in Licking County, Ohio, January 2U, ISIU, a diiughter of Philip and Rebecca (Huff) Tinsman, natives of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. ilcShurley became the parents of the following children: Laura, who is deceased; Monroe, who lives at Montieello; Arret, who is deceased ; Charles W., who lives at Montieello ; and Burras, who lives at Montieello with his mother. Mr. McShurley belonged to the Baptist Church, while his widow is a Slethodist. In politics he was a Republican, and he was long connected with the local G. A. R.

MELLINGER, Lee Lemon, a general grain far- mer of Cerro Gordo Township, and a man largely interested in business enterprises of Cerro Gordo, was born in Cerro Gordo Town- ship, December 3, 1S79, a sou of Lemon and Mary Ellen (Hess) Mellinger, natives of Ohio and Macon County, 111., respectively. The ma- ternal grandparents. Jacob and Elizabeth IIe.ss, were early settlers of Macon County, coming here from I'ennsylvania. while the Mellingers came to Illinois from Ohio. From the time he was seventeen years old. when he located in Macon County, until 1878, Lemon •Mellinger made that county his home, but in 1878 moved to Cerro Gordo Township, where he rented the Stair farm for fifteen years, and in 1893 he bought IGO acres in this same township.

This profjerty was finely improved, and with it he carried on grain farming until November, 1908. when he retired, moving to Cerro Gordo, where he now lives. His wife died in August, 1915.

The children born to Lemon and Mary E. Mellinger were as follows : Lydia, who is IVJrs. I'erry Booher of Cerro Goi-do; Ko.se and Ella, who are both deceased ; Effle. who died at the age of five years ; Lee L. and his twin sister, Elva, the latter of whom is married to Noah Miller of Cerro Gordo Township ; Josephine, who is Mrs. Charles Weidner of Johnstown, Pa. ; Frank, who lives in Cerro Gordo Town- ship, married Kate Wrightsman, and they have four children, as follows: Edith, Ethel. Harold and Wayne L. ; and Florence, who is Mrs. Clif- ford Van Horu of Macon County, 111.

In July, 1907. I^. L. Mellinger was married to Rose Lawrence, who was born in Allen County. Ind., a daughter of Milo and Catherine (Bow- ersock) Lawrence, natives of Wayne County, Ohio, and Allen County. Ind. Jlr. and Mrs. Mellinger have one son, Donald, who was born Octolicr IS. 1908. For one year following his marriage Mr. Mellinger lived with his parents, conducting the homestead, and then rented the place from them and is now carrying on gen- eral farudng. His educational traiuing was more extended than that of the average farmer's son, as he went to the Pleasant View district school, for one term attending the Normal school at Normal, 111., and took a commercial course at Brown's Business College of Decatur, 111. The Methodist Church of Cerro Gordo holds his membership. Politically he is a Republican. Mr. Mellinger belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America, Cerro Gordo Camp, and the Cerro Gordo Protective Association. He is a stock- holder and director of the Cerro Gordo Grain and Coal Company, and was secretary of this comjiany for five years.

MEYER, Henry, one of the successful farmers of Montieello Townshiji, was born in Hanover, Germany. September 21. 1841. a son of George and Katherine (Albers) Meyer. Leaving his native land in 18Co Mr. Meyer came to the T'nited States, and for two years worked as a coal miner at Peoria. HI., but then went to I/Ogan County, 111., and was a cattle feeder for eighteen months. Having accumulated .some capital by that time, he rented 160 acres of land and was on it for seven years, as a renter, during which period he developed the land from raw prairie and paid the taxes, paying $2.50 per acre these seven years. During this period lie had formed a partnership with his brother, but after ten years' association, they parted, and the property with its improve;uents was sold. During the subsequent year Mr. Meyer traveled in Kansas, but in 1879 came back to Illinois and bought eighty acres of land from George Carr. This farm was partly improved, but he further de\eloiied it, and made other improvements, re- maining on it for five years. Once more he sold and bought 240 acres of land in Goose Creek

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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

777

Township, tbat was partly improved. Until 1890 tbls continued bis place of residence, during which period Mr. Jleyer thoroughly improved the farm and raised horses, cattle and hogs, and engaged in general farming. In that year he rented his farm to his son-in-law, William Riddle, and moved to Monticello where he bought five acres of land just outside of the city limits on the northwest, section 12, Monticello Town- ship. Since buying, he has rebuilt the bouse, making it a seven-room, two-story residence, and he also built a barn and other structures. To provide water, he has dug a fine well. His residence is on a beautiful building site, and is surrounded by shade and ornamental trees, that he set out himself.

In 1S79 Mr. Jleyer was married to Anna Silts, born in Germany, who died in 1882. In June, 1884, Mr. Meyer was married (second) to Delia Ubblnga, born in Hanover, Germany, a daugh- ter of Claus and Jennie (Johnson) Ubbinga. Three children were born to the second mar- riage : Jennie and George, who live with their father ; and Henrietta, who is Mrs. William Riddle, lives on her father's farm. The par- ents of Mrs. Meyer came to Piatt County in 1S81 and became farming people of this re- gion. Mr. Meyer is a Presbyterian. His polit- ical opinions make him a Democrat and he served as road master in Goose Creek Town- ship. Fraternally he belongs to Monticello Lodge No. 58, A. F. & A. M.

MIKELS, Milton N., one of the prosperous mer- chants of Cerro Gordo, and a man whose influ- ence in the Republican ijarty is strong and exerted toward the general uplifting of his community, was born in Montgomery County, Ind., Deceuilier 10, 1861, a son of J. W. and Christiana (Smith) Mikels. natives of Ken- tucky and Indiana, respectivel,v. The.y were married in Indiana, where the father alternated working at his trade of carpenter and farming, being assisted in the latter by his sons. About 18S0 the family went to Darlington. Ind., and later came to Cerro Gordo, 111., where the father died, January 11, 1910, the mother having passed away in 1892.

Milton N. Mikels attended grammar and high schools in Indiana, and the Central Normal School at Danville, 111., and liaving prepared himself for the profession of an educator, be- gan teaching school, so continuing for four years. In 188C he came to Cerro "Gordo and embarked in a hardware business, handling both hea^-y and light hardware, and agricultural Im- plements, operating under a partnership name until the spring of 1916, when this partnership was ■dissolved, and Mr. Mikels bought the hard- ware business of J. C. Locher, and has since continued alone. His long experience in this line renders him a valuable adjunct to this branch of industrial activity, and he enjoys a large and valuable trade.

In January, 1889, Mr. Mikels was married to Alice Bell, born at Cerro Gordo, a daughter of Richard and Sarah (Minnick) Bell, natives of

Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Mikels have the following cliildren: Alta and Bessie, who are at home ; Clara, who is Mrs. Lewis Perkins of Cerro Gordo Township ; and Ward. One child, Doris, died at the age of five years. Mr. Mikels is a Methodist and has served on the official board of his church for many years, and has lieen director of the choir since 1S91. For fifteen years he was a member of the school board, and for a portion of that time was its president. From 1890 to 1900 he was a member of the Republican Central Committee, and was its pres- ident and treasurer. Fraternally he belongs to Cerro Gordo Lodge No. 347, K. of P.

MILES, Samuel, born in 1813 in Virginia, came to Piatt County in 1855, and bought 100 acres of land in 1S56 in Willow Branch Township, to which he later added eighty acres and was living on this farm when he died in 1S81. He was married to Betsey A. Simmons and their children were as follows : Mrs. Reuben Lowry, James V., William, Mrs. Henry Cornell, Thomas S.. Mrs. J. E. Welton, David C, Mrs. William McCartney, George W., Adam S., and Joseph L.

MILES, Weston, was born in Virginia in 1807 and came to Piatt County in 1861, acquiring by purchase 160 acres of land in Willow Branch Township, where he died April 27, 1875. In 1837 he was married to Sarah R. Simmons, and their children were as follows: Edward, John S., Mrs. John P. Dresback, Mary C, William M., Henry T., Charles S., Jesse and David T.

MILLER, George W., a minister of the Dunkard faith, also a farmer of Cerro Gordo Township, was born in Allen County, Ohio, near Lima, January 27, 1870, a sou of S. S. and Mary (Mil- ler) Miller. After attending the public schools of his native place, Mr. Miller went to Mt. Mor- ris College, and the Bethany Bible School of Chicago. He resided with his parents until 1891, working on the farm in the summer, and teach- ing school in the winter. In 1891 lie moved on the farm owned by Ira Cripe, in Cerro Gordo Township, and spent t^^'elve years upon it, when be went to La Place, and during the year he was attending the Bible school at Chicago, made that city his home. The following year he moved to Dixon, 111., and was pastor of the Dunkard church there, at the same time con- tinuing his Bible study in Chicago. On account of ill health, he returned to La Place for a year, but in 1910, he bought his present farm of 240 acres. He operates this land himself, raising registered shorthorn cattle, Percheron horses and O. I. C. hogs, and is one of the loadhig agriculturalists of this section. In addition to raising grain for feeding, he sells in the market.

On July 11, 1895. Mr. Miller was married to Minnie Cripe. a daughter of George W. and Barbara (Shivefr) Cripe, natives of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have had five children, namely: Mabel, who is Mrs. Elting Wyne of Cerro Gordo Township; Carl, who died May 4,

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

lillG. aged uini'ti'i'u years: I>eaii, who is a4 hoa;e; EiiieisDii. who died at the age of seven years; ami lone, who dieil at the age of two years. In politics Mr. Miller is a Iteimblican. His evangelical work has always heeii produc- tive of satisfactory result.s. and lie has served in fiiurteen meetings, and had not ill health pre- vented he wonld inidoulitedly have risen high in his church. While he is a success as a fanner, his heart is with the work of the church, and he never fails to endirace every opportunity to liilior in the Master's vineyard.

MILLER, Solomon Smith, one of the substan- tial retired business men of La Place, has a record for honorable dealing and uprightness of purpose that gives him a dignified standing in his community. He was born in Allen lonn- ty. Ohio, February 28, 1847, a son of Solomon and Lydia (Smith) Miller, natives of Mary- land. The parents were farming people. After a bovhood that differed very little from that of aiiy farmer's sou of the i)eriod, during which time he alternated attendance upon the district schools with farming. Solomon S. Jliller grew to manhood, and remained with his parents until 1807. In that year he began farming for himself on the homestead, so continuing luitil the fall of 1871, when he came to Illinois, and spent three mouths in Edgar County. From there he came to Piatt County, locating on a farm of 160 acres in Cerro Gordo Township, owned by his father-in-law. In time he bought forty acres of this farm, subsequently adding forty acres more, and put many improvements uixin this land. In 18S0 he sold this farm, and Ixmght 210 acres from the Kious brothers and Henry Knntz, and to this he later added eighty acres'. In buying this land he had his father-in- law for a partner, and they improved it and con- ducted it for some years. Later Mr. Miller sold a portion of the land to his sons, but still owns 120 acres which he rents. In 1802 he moved to La Place, 111., and bought a hardware store he continued to conduct for about twenty years, when he sold the stock and good will, but still owns the building and another business house, as well as his residence at I>a Place. Since 1908 he has not been actively engaged in busi- ness, feeling that he has earned his leisure.

In February, 1807 Mr. Miller was married to Mary Miller, "born in Virginia, a daughter of .Tacob and Salome (Wine) Miller, natives of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have had the following children : Lydia. who is Mrs. Frank rrlian of (Jreene County. 111.: and (Jeorge W„ Jacob B. and Xoah IL, all of whom are farmers of Cerro Gordo Township; and Anna, who is at home. In 1012 Mr. Miller took a course of study at Chicago in the doctrine of the Brethren Church, of which he is a member, and in which he has held nearly all the offices, in- cluding that of elder for many years. In jioli- tics he is a Republican, and for nine years was a school director. An earnest. conscientio\is man. Mr. Miller has always done what he be- lieved was his full duty, and is held in high

regard by his neighbors and former business associates.

MINER, James E., one of the most progressive farmers uf his section of the state, is a man whose niethcids and e.Kperimeuts have proven an encouragement to otliers to get out of the rut of the ordinary in their work and test ways that prouu.se an advance in various directions. He was born in Goi.se Creek Township, Piatt County. III., where he is now located, February 0. I,s7."'i, a scm of Ira and Mary (Bruffett) Miner, natives of Ohio. In 18.")(; Ira Miner came with his parents. .lames (;. and Kmeline (Fiemmiugi Miner, from his native state to Illinois, riding i>n horseliack all the way. The trip was varied liy incidents, such as killing deer and other wild .ininials, and when settlement was made in (joose Creek Township. Piatt County, the county was still largely undeveloped. About the same time the maternal grandparents of James E. Miner, William and .Vmauda (Freeman) Briif- fett, arrived in Piatt County. After their mar- riage. Ira and Mar.v Miner lix-ated on a farm in (Joose Creek Townshiii. Inheriting a portion of his father's homestead, he added to his a( reage until he owned innety-six acres. At present the parents of James E. Miner live retired at Monticello.

James E. Miner attended the district schools of his townshi]). and later took a commercial course in a business college at Valparaiso, Ind. Futil isos he remained with his parents, but then moved to a farm in Bement Town-shij]. where he alternated farming with sdionl teach- ing for six years, and for the succeeding two years resided in Monticello Township, then went to La Porte. Ind.. and spent a year. T'pon his return to I'iatt County, he occupied 102 acres of land in Goose Creek Township given to his wife by her father, to which he later added sixty-six acres. On this farm he raises O. I. C. registered hogs, and specializes in high grade road horses and draft horses. In addition to his stockraising he does general farming in accord- an<e with the intensive system, making each acre yield its full quota. From 1010 to lOl.T Mr. .Aliner was tank-wagon agent for the Stand- ard Oil Company at Monticello. and for a .year was general salesm.-in for that company at Charleston. 111., during which period he rented his farm, but at the exiiiration of that time, re- turned to his agricultural work.

On April 1?!. 1808, Mr. Miner was married t" Ollie Warner, born in Piatt County. III., a daugh- ter of Jesse W. and Louie (Connor) Warner. Their children are as follows: J. Harold, Ruth. Rachel. Waiiier. and Pavid Bruffett, living, and Lois, who died in infanc.v. In politics Mr. Miner is a Republican, and for six years served as a school director. Fraternally he belongs to the Modern Woodmen of .America and the Odd Fel- lows, both of Jlonticello.

MITCHELL, Carl V. The b\isincss interests of Piatt County are mainly conducted by men of excellent .judgment .-ind high principles, and

WiCi^-.-^i^l

I I I I I

I • ■ # • • III

I f I \)' II I i

778

IIISTOKY OF PIATT COUNTY.

l!)lti. ngoU I home ; Eiiic i .■ years: 1111(1 I years. Ill !■ His pvaiu'i'l; tlvc of - fourti'i ! vi-!iic.;

Ii:-

ol' tlu- il'

•very ovv

.I'll ii) Aili'ii < a soli I

, .,;. lii.' <lit-^' I' :

s. Miller grew

ill his parents

ii;a'. ytar iii- ticgan farming for

. Iiomesteail. so coiitimiin!; luitll

ri. when lie came to Illinois, anJ

Lu:!. :iiontJi.s In Kdgar County. From

iK' i-.iiue to riatt foiinty, lociifing on a

of lia:) acres in Oerro Gordo Township,

ownr'rf by lli^ fatlipr-ln-Iaxv. In time he bought

forty acres of this farni, subseiiuently adding

forty acres more, and put many imiiroveiuents

titMU tills i:iud. In 1SS(» he sold this farm, and

bought 2-10 acres from the Kious brothers ati>!

H. i,iy Kiiiitz. and to Ibis he later added eighty

111 buying this land be had hi.s father-in-

I partner, and tliey iiuproviil it and ioii-

V)r ^.tine years. Later >fi'. Millie -.' ■

■ .! le his soii^

rents. In 1~

I : L-!ir :i Iki-

is ai	iVjiar-I by his	iieighboi-s and former business
."even	.•issociare«.
' t\\o
•an.	.MINER J«Bi«	o E., (iiie of the most progressive
'!!C-	fairuers • i 'tv	i^'-rioii of the state, is a man
	w liMse met::	> ' iments have proven an
	'■iic<iurageui'	to get out of the rut
	..!• Ihe ..rdili.	■Tk and test ways that ill- dlre(tiOM.s. He Township. I'iatt •'■Ui'd, February •I'ett) Miner, i-ame with ■ ' h'l imlngi ; idiug ried •ild
(oUll-	aiiiiu.ils.	in
omon	(Joose Creel-	■ity
\favy	•v:is- .=tf!l !:■; ,	I..'

Sl,c!li

ihei. i'anu

will, but Still

i:iiH'ss house.

■ '■. Since

; in bust

■ Isurc.

pres«Mit tbi letlretl at Ji- ■

.lames K. .Miner of bis lownship, • roiiTM^ in a busitne- I i.'til 1S!)S he rei!. lie" moved to ii V. here he alternate.' log for six .vears. and ,\e!irs resided in Montice to La forte. lud., antl ^ return lo I'iatt County, of land in <;oose Creek

r.ial

. -" ind.

1. Ills, but

Township,

• lOl feaeh-

■ ding two

= lieii went

Cpon his

HV_' acres

. ■Ml to his

lier father, -to \\ t.-r added

es. t)n this farm '.•!■ laisii O. I. C.

■-•s. and stieciali/.es in liii'b gi-ade

lid draft horses. In addition to his

I? diK's general farming In aoeord-

<• intensive s.v.stem, nuiking each

- full <)uota. From IlilO to inL-^.

;s tank-wagon agent for the Stand-

::niy at Monticello. and for a year

salesman for that coniptiny at

Mi., during which perifKl he renteii

1. at the expirsition of that time, re

- ut;ri..ultnr.Tl. work.

:.. IS'.is .Mr. Mim i

■ . lorn in I'iatt ""on:.

W. and Lor.i.. :■ ■'1 are as foli< . er, and Pa'

;ne

• hi be In high

- .'ed liy men of i»rliiciples, and

l44^oc^^'-^(^L

/9.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

779

some of these have been rewiirdeil for their service to their communities by recognition from the United States government, in ret;ard to fed- eral patronage. One of these representative men is Carl V. Mitchell, a prosperous merchant of White Heath, who in June, 1014, was appointed postmaster at this point. He was born at White Heath, December 17, 1882. a son of Charles K. and Ada M. (Heath) Mitchell, natives of Union Couut.v, Ohio, and Piatt Count.v. 111. The grandparents, Ross and Hannah (Deland) Mitchell, natives of Ohio and Virginia, respec- tively, and James and Jane Heath, were early settlers of Piatt County.

Carl \. Mitchell attended the common and high schools of his native place, and as soon as old enough, began to be self supporting. In July, 1914. he bought a restaurant at White Heath. ;uiil addt'il groceries and cnnfectionery to his stock, nnd c(indn<-ts this luisiness in addition to dischariiing tlie duties of iiostmaster, to whicli he was appointed as above stated. Mrs. Mitchell acts as his assistant, and they have one rural free delivery ro\ite from their ofBce.

In October. lilOli, Mr. Mitchell was married to Tessie Lane, who was born in Sangamon Town- ship, this county, a daughter of William and Minerva (Orove) Lane. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell have three children, namely ; Lynn. Hoss and Glenn. Mr. Mitcliell is a Ileniocrat. and .■served one year as constable. He belongs to White Heath Cani]) No. lillO, M. W. \.. and is active in that order. .\n alert man of ability, Mr. Mitchell Is a forceful figure in local affairs and his influence is felt along lines of modern prog- ress and uiilift.

MITCHELL, James H., a iiiosjierous farmer of I'nity Townshi]!. was horn on a farm in this same townsliip March 11. 1S8T. He received his education in the schools of T'nity Town- ship, and Brown's Business College of Deca- tur. 111. In l!X)(l. he left srhool to work on the farm with his father, so continuing until the latter's death in IfMI'.l. He then coiiinienced farming for himself, near llaminond. in Unity Townshiii. now operating KJO acres of land, on which he does general grain farming, bis jiro])- erty being well ecpiipiied with modern inuirove- ments which render the work easier and add to the efficiency of all concerned. In addition to his homestead he owns eighty acres in Cerro Gordo Townshi]) and is a man of means and influence in his couimunity.

On Febrnarv 20, l'.H2. he was married to Myrtle Bowen.' born February 11, 1800. a daugh- ter of Daniel and Kvelyn Bowen. Mr. Bowen was born in Ohio. July ."!. 1840, Mrs. Bowen in Macon County. 111.. January 2, 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell became the parents of two chil- dren : Wayne Woodrow. born December 8. 1912, and Max Junior, born November 27. 1014. Mr. .Mitchell belongs to the Odd Fellows of Ham- mond, is a Democrat in politics and is very liberal.

Mr. Mitchell is a son of Jacob R. Mitchell, born in Ohio, Pickaway County. January 1, 1859, but was brought to Piatt County. 111..

when a small boy by his parents who located in Willow Branch Town.shi]i. Here they died when he was about si.\ years old, and he then was reared to manhood by James R. Brown of Unity Township, making agricailture his chief business. On May 21, 1SS2. Mr. Mitchell was married to Delitha B. Ponder, who was born in North Carolina November 13, 1850. Her parents brought her to Unity Township, Piatt County, wlien she was a child, and here she grew up, attending the common schools of her district, later Hnishing her education in Tuscola, 111. To them have been horn, namely : Bertha E., James II. and J. Marcus.

After Ills marriage Jacob R. Mitchell bought eighty acres of land in Unity Township, and farmed and irapro\ed it. In 1888 he moved to Hanuuond. In 1804 he moved northeast Of town, residing on this pr<i|ierty until his death, which occurred January 24. 10(19. At that time he owned 4N0 acres of land in Unity Township, and tifty acres of land in Moultrie County, all of which was under cultivation.

MITCHELL, Walter, a prosperous general grain farmer and stock raiser, owns 200 acres of fine Piatt County land in Sangamon Township. He is a native sun of the county, having been born at Farmer City, III.. June 25, 1885, a son of S. R. and Elizabeth (Horner) Mitchell, natives of Columbus, Ohio and Pittsburgh, Pa. They were married at Pittsburgh, and came soon thereafter to DeWitt County, 111., where he remained until 1885, when they came to Sanga- mon Tofl'uship, Piatt County, there buying 340 acres of land. The father improved this land and lived very comfortably upon it luitil his deatli in 1007. The mother survives and lives at Monticello with her son. Ben.ianiin.

Walter Mitchell attended the common schools of Piatt County, and grew up like any .normal farmer boy, being taught farming from child- hood. After his father's death he worked the homestead for his mother for two years, and then received 200 acres as his share of the estate, has since been occupied with cultivating his farm, doing a general grain raising business, lie also raises cattle and hogs. Mr. Mitchell is not married. For a number of .vears he has attended religious service with the Jlethodists. In iiolitics he is a Democrat. Fraternally he belongs to the White Heath Lodge, I. O. O. F. .\lert. enterprising and well trained for his work. Mr. Mitchell is properly numbered along with the leading young agriculturists of the i-ounty.

MOMA, John H., was born in Virginia in 1797, and in 18.59 moved to Sangamon Township, but later bought 100 acres in Bement Town- ship, all of which he had under cultivation. He was married to Mary Bender and they had the following children : Mrs. Noble Crawford. Austin, Sarali. Milton, Mrs. A. T. Pipher. Mrs. William Woods. Mrs. Abraham Hays, William D.. John E., Fannie, Bert. Stella L. and William Milton.

780

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

MONROE, Jesse, a prominent larmcr of Unity Towusliiii. \v:is born in Marjiaiid, and came to I'iatt County in 1^3(;, his laud entry in I'nity Townsliii) being the Urst in that section. He died many years ago, leaving a large family, among whom were the following : William, Mrs. William ('rain, Harvey, Mrs. Samuel Ham- ilton, Mrs. James I'tterback, Mrs. Samuel Mos- barger, Mrs. Joseph Taylor, Mrs. Ezra Fay, -Mrs. John Cook, Uichard. Mrs. Gamalial Gre- gory, Jesse and Harrison H.

MOORE, Allen Francis. The history of some i-ommiinifies is risUly the recoiil of the men who liave been assoiiated with its progress, and this is true of Montieello. One of its valued and representative men is Allen Francis Moore, who has not only been successful in business, but has taken an active part in civic affairs. He was born at St. Charles, 111., September 30, 1S69. a son of Henry Van Rensallaer and Alzina W. (Freeman) Moore, he having been born at Fairview, I'ulton County, 111., the first white cliild born in that county, while she was born at St. Charles, 111. The grandparents. Dr. Henry Livin.u'ston and Mary (Hand) Moore, he of Auliurn. N. Y., and Elijah and Martha Freeman, were representative jieople. Ur. Moore went to Fulton County at a very early day, being one of the pioneer physicians of that locality. The parents of .VUen Francis Moore were married at St. Ch.\rlos. III., but located In Champaign, III., where the father was a grocer, and later became a banker at Montieello under the tirm name of Houston. Moore and Dighton. Mr. Moore continued to operate this bank tmtil his death, in October. 1!K)3. since which time his son. A. F. Monre. has been its vice president, the concern being now known as the Moore State Bank.

.\llen. F. Jlooi'e was graduated from the Mon- th'elio Hiirh school in ISSG. and Lombard Uni- versity, Calesliurg. III., in 188!>, and then took a course at P.ryant A; Stratton's Business College. In the fall of issu he became bookkeeper for Geo. H. Foster & Co.. Chicago, so continuing un- til the fall of \s[U. when he came to Monti- cello and took charge of a harness business, con- ducting it for four years. In 1.890 he bought the controlling interest in the I'epsin Syruji Company, and has since been its president and treasurer, the vice president being John F. Hott, and the secretary. K. K. Thompson. This coni- ))any was established in I.MIJ. and since 1898 the otitput lias been built up from $27,000 per year to nearly .fl.iMlo.tMKl. l';mploynient is given locally to eighty-seven peo|)le. and twenty-two more are employed in the field. This comiiany spends ainnially .SJoii.ikki in advertising. The company is c.iiiitalized at .$2.-"iiM).(MX). and in 1914 enlarged the office and erected a fireproof factory, their field of operation being every state in the Union.

Mr. Moore was married Mardi 20. l.SO.'i. to Madora Bradford, born at Macomb, III., a daugh- ter of Edwin F. and Kmily d'rince) Bradford of Massachusetts. They have two children.

namely: Bradford V.. who is attending Brown University; and -VUen F., Jr., who is at home. .Mr. Moore is a strong Republican and served Montieello as mayor one term, for two terms was an alderman, and from 190!) to 1015 was a trustee of the University of Illinois. Fraternally he is a Mason, having taken all its degrees, is a Knight of Pythias, and belongs to Decatur Lodge No. 101, B. I'. O. E.

MOORE, Dwight M., president of the Moore. State Bank of Montieello, and one of the younger financiers of Piatt County, has fairly earned his reputation for sagacity and .sound judgnieiU, and is fitted by nature and training for his present responsible position. He is a native son of Montieello, havhig been born in this city Jlay i!3, 187."). a son of H. V. and Alzina I Freeman) Moore, natives of Fulton County, 111., and Kane County. 111. They were married at St. Charles. 111. For some time the father was a clerk in a grocery at Champaign, III., but in 1870 came to Montieello and in partnership with I'. C. Houston and A. J. Dighton, founderl the private lianking house of Houston, Moore and Dighton. maintaining this connection until his death. October 4. 1903. This is the oldest bank in the county, and one of the most reliable. .\fter the death of Mr. Moore, the bank was reorganized as a state bank with a capital stock of .$loo.0<i0. and a surplus of .$20,000. the officials lieing Dwight M. Moore, president: Allen F. -Moore, vice jiresident: and It. B. Weddle, cashier.

Dwight yi. Moore attended the grade and high schools of Montieello. Bryant & Stratton's Business College of Chicago, and the Armour In- stitute of Chicago, and in 1898 entered the bank with which he has since remained. In addition to his banking Interests, Mr. Moore owns 800 acres of fine farm land adjacent to Montieello, and holds stock and is a director of the Peoples State Bank of Mansfield. 111. In polities Mr. Moore is a Republican, but confines his activi- ties to exerting his influence as a )irivate citizen, lie has not married.

MOORE, Henry Van Rensselaer, .\mong the men who have resided in Piatt County and have left the impress of their lives upon their communi- ties, particular mention should be made of the late llenr.v Van Rensselaer Moore, whose de- scendants have risen to places of prominence in business and public life at Montieello. While he died October 4. 10O3. he is still well remem- bered because of his many sterlini; finalities, his strong personality, his adherence to the ja'in- ciples of honesty and integrity, and the puVdic spirit which was made manifest in nuiny of his a<'tions.

Mr. Moore was an Illlnoisan by nativity, edu- c.ition and training. He was born at Fairview. Fulton County. December 1, 1837. a son <>t Henry and Mary (Hand) Moore, natives respectively of New York and Xew Jersey. He grew to man- hood there, arose to a position of substantiality anion;; his fellow-men. and gained and held their

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

781

confidence and respect. In 1S6G. Mr. Moore was first married to Miss Alzina W. Freeman, daughter of Elijah and Martha Freeman, of St. Charles, 111., and they became the parents of the following children : Mary H., Allen F., Arthur L., Dwight M. and George E. Mrs. Moore died April 4, 1884, and Mr. Moore was again married in May, 1890, to Miss Belle Hamilton, who survives him and resides in the handsome Moore home at Monticello. Mrs. Moore, who was educated in the grammar and iiigh schools, and took a course at the Normal college, is a daughter of John and Rebecca (Pritchard) Hamilton, natives of Harrison County, O. They came to McLean County, 111., about the year 1850, and there passed the remaining years of their lives, Mr. Hamilton being engaged in agricultural pursuits.

MURPHY, James H., was born in North Caro- lina, November S, 1S17. and came to Monticello in 1872, engaging thereafter in a general con- tracting business. In September, 1840, he was married to Elizabeth Scott, and they had five children. Mr. Murphy held a numljer of offices of public trust.

MURPHY, John S., owner, publisher and editor of the De Land Tribune, is one of the live, Ijrogressive men of Piatt County who are en- gaged in molding public opinion and placing before its people the news of the day in a reli- able manner. He was born at Canton. 111., June 24, 18.52, a son of James H. and Elizabeth (Scott) Murphy, natives of South Carolina and Ohio. The father came to Fulton County, 111., during the winter of 18.S2-.3. The mother was a daughter of Dr. John Scott, a close relative of Gen. Winfield Scott. After their marriage, the parents located at Canton, 111., where the father conducted a lumber business under the firm name of Murjihy & Allen tor over a quarter of a century. In 1872 they moved to Monti- cello. where the mother died in September. 1892, and the father March 4, 1S97. After going to Monticello he continued his lumber operations until 1SS1, when be retired.

John S. Muiijhy attended the common and high schools of Canton. 111., and until 1S7C was with his father iu the hiniber business. After 1S76, he taught two terms of school and then began learning the jjrinter's trade at Monticello, following it there until 1884. in which year he went to Taylorville, 111., to become foreman of the Taylorville Rei>ulilican, and so continued for ten years. In 18U8 be came to De Land and in 1905 bought the De Land Tribune which be has since conducted, inaugurating a number of inno- vations and improvements, making it one of the leading weeklies of this section. A .sound Re- publican, Mr. Murphy gives his own support and that of his paper to party candidates and measures, and is a forceful factor in politics.

In June. 1886. Mr. JIurphy was married to Margaret Shaekel, born at Rochester, 111., a daughter of John and Susan Shaekel, natives of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Murphy have the follow-

ing children : Raymond, who is managing the office of the De Land Tribune : Leota, who is at home ; Haidee, who is Mrs. Je.sse T. Gray, of Champaign, 111. ; and Marian, who is at home. In religious faith Mr. Murphy is a Methodist. His fraternal connections are with the Knights of Pythias and Modern Woodmen of America. A fearless writer, Mr. Murphy has always es- jioused the cause of the people, and his organ may be counted upon to support those measures looking toward moral uplift and lietterment of existing conditions.

MUSSULMAN, David, now living retired at La Place, was for a number of years one of the leading farmers of this section, and is still a heavy landowner of Piatt County. He was liorn in Tippecanoe County. Ind., January 15, J 840, a son of (ieorge Washington and Esther (W^iggoner) Mussulman, natives of Shenan- doah County, Va., and the vicinity of Dayton, Ohio. The parents were married in Ohio, but lived in Indiana until 18.50 when they crossed the plains with teams to California, where the father died nine months after their arrival. Mrs. Mussulman lived in Indiana until 1867, when she moved to St. Clair County, Mo., and there was married (second) to Aaron Ulrey, a farmer.

While living in Indiana David Mussulman attended a back woods school where he was grounded in the rudiments of learning. He is the only survivor of four children born to his parents. When his mother moved to St. Clair County, Mo., he accompanied her, and resided there until 1874, when he came to Piatt County, and bought eighty acres in Cerro Gordo Town- ship. This he operated for fourteen years, and then sold this farm and bought 160 acres of land four and one-half miles south of Mil- mine, that was partl.v improved, and had a shanty standing upon it. There was also an orchard, and other improvements, but Mr. Mussulman has erectetl all the pre.sent build- ings, fenced the fields, put in tiling, and made the place thoroughly modern in every respect. Here he lived until November 10. 191.3, when he rented his farm, and retired to La Place. Here he owns his handsome residence and seven city lots, and he and his wife are enjoying a well earned leisure.

While living in St. Clair County, Mo., Mr. Mussulman was married, March 17, 1870, to Susan Cripe, born in Carroll County, Ind., De- cember .31, 1851, a daughter of Christian and Catherine (Replogle) Cripe, born near Dayton, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Mussulman became the parents of the following children : Dora, who is Mrs. John L. Shively of La Place, 111. ; Luther, who lives at Eagle Grove, la. ; Ernest C, who also lives at Eagle Grove, la. : Anna, who is Airs. Samuel Shively of Cerro Gordo Town- ship ; Grace, who Is Mrs. George Benjamin Ar- nold of Cerro Gordo Township ; and Chester W., who is running his father's farm.

The Church of the Brethren holds Mr. Mussul- man's membership, and he has been one of its

782

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

deacons for many .vears. In politics lie is a Democrat, and while living in Cerro Gordo Township he served on the sebool board, was road commissioner and held other townstiip offices, his neighbors placing trust in him and his ability to discharge the duties of public office as shown by his repeated return to them.

NEAL, Samuel, born in llaryland, came to Piatt County in ]N4(1 and lived at Monticello until his death, in is.")l. He was married to Margaret Painter, and they had twelve children, three of whom located in I'iatt County, namely : John. Alattie. and Samuel. Mrs. Xeal survived her husband until 1S70, when she too passed away.

NOE, Joseph Reese, a highly respected citizen Mn<l very siicccsslul general farmer of Willow P.rauch Townsliiji. was born at Knoxville. Tenn., .Tune 2'), ISl't, and is a son of AVilllam Sterling and Eliza J. (Dike* Xoe. the former of whom was l)orn May Id, IJ^HS. at Morristown, Tenn., and the hitter in the same state in January, 1,S4().

William ."Sterling Noe, who is an honored resi- dent of .Vuhurn, 111., has passed safely through luan.v experiences in his useful life of sevent.v- eight years, surviving the hardshijis of war and military imprisonment and for .vears afterward being .m eximnent of religious precepts. When M scbooUioy of nineteen .years he was drafted into the Confederate army, in the Civil War, in which he ser\e(l about one year and was made a prisoner of war. He utilized his time during his jii-ison days hy applying himself to the study of medicine, and after his release se- cured a iMisition with a doctor of medicine and thus was al)le to still further study, subse- quentl.v eng.-iging in the iiractice of medicine in Tennessee for two years. Mr, Xoe then entered the niinistiy of the Dunkard church, a religious body that at tli,it time required no special course of study, anil for si.xteen years Mr, Xoe preached Christian dni-triiie aciording to the Dunkard faith in Tennessee, and his niinistrv was everj'- where weliomeil. He then moved to Dayton. Ohio, where be preached for two years, coming then to Piatt County. Here he engaged in farming in Cerm Conlo Township in connec- tion with iireiicliing in the church near Cerro nordo. and often he held services additionall.v in the schonlhouses. He remained in Piatt County for about finirteen years and then liegan to feel the weight of age and retired, jiurchas- ing a home property at Auburn. III., where be lives in comfort. In ISdc, he was married to Eliza J. Dike, who was born in his own state and still survives and they iiecnme the par- ents of the following clilldren : Mack, born in 1.S7:?, lives on ;'. fa)-m in T'nity Township. Piatt County: Josejih Keese and .\nna twins, the l.'itter of wliom died in ISii!); Tennie, born in 1S77. died in 1!K)S: .^arah, )>orn in 187!», resides at St, Louis. .Mo.: Mary, liorn in lS7i), lives with her father; and Samuel, liorn in 1S,S.3, is an instructor in the Chicago I'niversity.

.Toseph Reese \oe attended tlie public schools

in Piatt County until sixteen .vears old and then worked on a farm for his father until he was twenty-one. .\fter marriage he began farm- ing for himself, renting eighty acres for three years, following which he moved to a farm of 120 acres, in Unity Township, on whidi he re- mained one year and then settled on liis pres- ent place, a farm of 2,30 acres in Willow Branch Township, belonging to Herman B. Bauman of Milmine. Mr. Xoe in his farming operations follows modern methods and does not seem to regret a.ssuming the responsibilit.v of cultivat- ing so large a property, a love of the work and experienced .iudgment making his luidertakings usuall.v very successful.

In bSn.S Mr. Xoe was united in marriage with Fannie B. Myers, born at Bement. 111., in De- cember. 1877. a daughter of George W. and Susan (l/ux) Myers, the latter of whom was horn in Piatt County. Tlie father of Mrs. Xoe was born in Ohio and came to Piatt County when twenty years old. locating first on a farm in Willow Branch Township and later in Be- ment Township, where he died in U>10. Mr. and Mrs. Xoe are active members of the Chris- tian Church at Milmine. he lieing superintendent of the large Sunday school and a memlier of the church finance committee. Politically he is a Rei»ul)lican and fraternally a Mason and Odd Fellow, being a member of the auxiliary orders, the Eastern Star at Bement and the Rebekah at .Milmine.

NOECKER, William, M. D,, not only was one of the early physicians of Monticello, hut inaug- urated and carried on several very succe,s.sful liusincss enterprises, and always lent his a.ssist- ance in forwarding the prosperity of the com- munity in which he made his home for .so man.v years of his useful life. He was born in Bucks County, Pa., in .\pril. 1,S2.3. a son of John X'oecker. also a native of Pennsylvania. When he was a young man. he went to Ohio and there be not only attended school, but taught in one to gain funds to pursue further the medical studies he had started by himself. .Vfter at- tending medical lectures, be entered the Colum- bus (Ohio) Medical College, from which he was graduated al>out l.S.">.'!. That same year he came to .Monticello. 111., ujion the invitation of Dr. P. K. Hull, one of the first i>ractitioners of Piatt County, ami here Dr. Xoecker established him- self in a general inactice. in which he continued for many .years.

While carrying on his practice, which was a large one. and spread over a wide territory. Dr. Xoecker opened a drug store and carried it on for a ion;: period. He also started a private iianking institution, of which Otis Moore was his first casliier. being later succeeded by John Dighton. Tliis bank was later organized as the First Xational Bank of Monticello. of which Dr. Xoecker was president until bis death, which' occurred May 4, 1807, Mrs. Xoecker re- tains an interest in this bank. Believing firmly in the future of Piatt County. Dr. Xoecker ]irovcd his faith by investing in farm lands in

DANIEL QUICK

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

783

this sectiou, and owned some very valuable rural properties. He also owned land in Shelby County, 111., and in Kansas.

In December, 1SI51, Dr. Noecker was married to Miss Ella Britton, born in Ross County, Ohio, a daughter of Johu and Jane (Graham) Britton, of Koss County. Ohio. About 1S40 the family moved to Monticello, 111., locating on land llr. Britton had purchased several years before. This property comprised 200 acres ad- joining Monticello on the south, on which there was a double log cabin, and other improvements which were regarded as quite luxurious at that date. Hero the family residetl, the father being engaged in farming until his death August .SO, 1S56. The mother died in 1SS3. Dr. and Mrs. Noeclier had one son, Willie, who was born in October, 18(53, and died in October, 1867. Mrs. Noecl^er is a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. In politics Dr. Noecker was a Democrat, while fraternally he was a Mason. In 1850 Dr. Noecker erected a fine brick house which has since been remodeled so that it is modern in every respect and in it Mrs. Noecker is now residing. The records of Piatt County show no finer citizen than was Dr. Noecker, and the influence of his blameless life and remem- brance of many deeds of public spirit and kind- liness live after him, and keep his memory green in tlie hearts of those who knew and admired his sterling character.

OLSON, Charles Alva, a fanner and stoekraiser of Sangamon Township, now living on the homestead of his family, was born in Willow Branch Township. Piatt County, 111.. July 2, 1889, a son of Ole and Anna (Regnold) Olson, he born in Sweden, and she in Fulton County, 111. In 1871 the father came to Menard County, 111., where he worked on a farm until he went to DeWitt County, 111., and spent some years there in the agricultural regions. After his marriage, he located In Willow Branch Town- ship. Piatt County, wliere he bought 120 acres of land, but sold it in 1894, and bought 320 acres of land in Sangamon Township. On this property he erected all the buildings, ai.d made other improvements which materially increased the value of the farm. Here he lived until September, 1913, when he retired and moved to Monticello. where he died October .31. 1913. The mother survives and makes her home at Monticello. These parents had the following children : Grant, who lives at Windsor, 111. ; Nels, who lives at White Heath, 111. ; Edith, who is Mrs. Chester Rankin of Piatt County ; Charles A. ■ Sylvia, who is Mrs. Ralph Ridgely of Sey- mour, 111. ; Milton, who lives at Evanston. HI. ; and Noble and Fred, who are at home.

Charles A. Olson was married September 3. 1913. to Grace Blank, born at Bondville, 111., a daughter of Christ and Elizabeth (Renner) Blank, natives of Champaign County. Mr. and Mrs. Olson have one son, Paul B.. who was born March 11, 1915. After his marriage, Mr. Olson with his brother Nels, took charge of the home farm, and they are equal partners in oper- 11

ating it. They raise cattle, hogs and horses, and carry on grain farming, being very success- ful In their work. Mrs. Olson Is a onember of the Methodist Church. In political faith Mr. Olson is a Republican. His duties on the farm have as yet precluded bis entering public life, but as he is a live, intelligent young man with an interest in current events, he may be called upon some time in the future to represent his comnmnUy In some office.

OER, Baltis, was born in Ohio in ls:;5 aiul came to Monticello Township in 1866, continuing a resident of this county until his death that oc- curred at Hammond, August 1, 1901. He was married to Hannah L. Boring and they had one daughter, Mrs. H. W. Leavitt, now de- ceased.

PARR, Andrew E. Piatt County, like other sections of Illinois, has Its honored veterans of the Civil War, to whom it renders a gratitude honorably earned. Among these must be num- bered Andrew E. Parr of Monticello. He was born in Licking County, Ohio. January 10, 1842, a sou of Hiram and Sarah (Greenwood) Parr. The father was born in the first log cabin built on the present site of Newark, Ohio, while the mother was born iu Massachusetts. They mar- ried and settled in Licking County, Ohio.

Andrew E. Parr was educated in the schools of his district, and there lived until 1S59, when he went to Friend's Creek, Macon County, 111., where lie spent a short time, then moving to Willow Branch Township, Piatt County. Tliere he bought eighty acres of unimproved prairie land, and immediately set to work to i)lace it under cultivation. From time to time be added to his original holdings until he owned 800 acres of land In Willow Branch Township and Shelby County. For over forty years he was tliere engaged In farming, although he sold his first farm, buying a homestead of 320 acres, two miles to the south, and on it he lived until 1900. being engaged in farming and stock-rais- ing. In that year he gave 160 acres to each of Ills children, and retiring, located at Monti- cello. where he bought an excellent residence, and is now enjoying the comforts his industry provided.

In April, 18(31, Mr. Parr responded to the call of his country, enlisting for service dur- ing the Civil War, and in Juiy. 18(52, re-enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Sixteenth Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry, and served under Gen- eral Sherman, participating in the Siege of Vicksburg, the battle of Missionary Ridge, and the engagements of the Atlanta campaign, in- cluding the storming of Fort McAlister. his mil- itary service ending with his participation in the Grand Review at Washington, and he re- ceived his honorable discharge June 7, 18(55.

On September 9, 1866, Mr. I'arr was married to Caroline McCartney who was born in Coshoc- ton County. Ohio, March 11. 1840, a daughter of William and Angellne (Head) McCartney, natives of Virginia and New Hampshire, re-

784

HISTORY OP PIATT COFNTY.

s|iectivfl.v. They were married in Ohio, where the father died, the mother hiter eoiiiiu;,' to Piatt Couiit.v. where she resided from ISli.l until her death. Mr. and Mr.s. I'arr liecames the parents of the following children: Charles T. who is on the home fann : Samuel D. who is a resilient of Shelby County, III.; Chester, who is also a resident of Shelhy County; Perley, who is a resident of Macon County, 111.; and Maude .who is Mrs. Daniel Clow of Cerro (Jordo Township. AVliile residini; in Willow Branch Township. Mr. Parr served as road com- missioner, being elected on the Uepublicau ticket. The (J. A. R. Post holds his nieuibershi]) and he enjoys association with his old comrades. A man of excellent habits, he has worked hard and invested his .savings to good purpose and deserves the prosperity that has come to him.

PECK, Allison, who is one of the best informed men of I'iatt County upon general subjects, al- though his knowledge is mainly self gained, as his educational advantages were very limited, is now living in honorable retirement at Cerro Gordo, after years of usefulness as a general grain farmer. Mr. I'eck was born in Ross County, Ohio. August 11, 1849, a son of Amos and Nancy (Hathaway) Peck of Ross County, Ohio. In"lS.jl they c-ame to Piatt County, 111.. where the father alternated farming and butcher- ing, conducting a butchering shop at Cerro Gordo after the town was founded. He was a soldier during the Civil War, being a member of the One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and died while home on a furlough, in February, 1S05. The mother died in August, 19i:i, aged ninety-two years. Their children were as follows : Rebecca, Ellen and Jerome. who are deceased ; George and Allison, who re- side at Cerro Gordo ; and Benton. Sina, Serena. Ezra and Edgar, all of whom are deceased.

After the death of his father. Allison I'eck lived with his mother until 1870, but in that year began farming in Oakley Township, Macon County, but after one season came to Cerro (Jordo Township and began farming here, so continuing until IS-SS. when he went to Moul- trie County. 111. There he .spent eleven years and was engaged in farming. Returning to Piatt County hi' bought 2(»\ acres of land in Cerro <iordo Townshi|i. and for five years car- ried on general gr.iin farming, but in the spring of I'.KU he rented his land, and retired to Cerro (Jordo. where he bought a residence, and has since then lived in comfortable leisure.

On August 14. 1.S7:!. .Mr. Peck was married to Lucy Flemming. of Cleveland. Ohio, and their children are as follows: OUie. who is Mrs. <;eorge Si.x, of Moultrie County, 111.; Otto, who lives at Chicago; Eldo. who is also a resident of Chicago: and Myrtle, who is Mrs. Edward Miller, is a resident of Chicago. In politics Mr. Peck is a Republicin. He belongs to Cerro Gordo f.odge No. :!4(>. I. O. O. F., and tlie Kn- camimient of the same order at Decatur, No. .'{7. A man of high princiiiles and earnest jmrpose

he has f.iirly earned his success, and is a man who is universiiUy respected.

PECK, AMOS, wa.>i born in 1S20 in Pickaway Cuinity. Ohio, and came to Cerro tiordo Town- shij) in 1s.j7. He died of smallpox at Cerro tJordo. January 2'j, l.MJ.j. In lh40 he was mar- ried to Nancy Hathaway and they had the following children ; Mrs. Isaac C. Carpenter, Mrs. I.saac Wilson, Jerome, George, Allison, Benton. Cyrene. and Amos Ezra. During the Civil War Amos I'eck and his two sons, Jerome and (ieorge. served as soldiers.

PECK, James K., one of the highly esteemed retired farmers of Cerro Gonlo. now relaxing from his long years of faithful endeavor, is an excellent e.xample of the best class of Piatt County agriculturalists. He was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, March 8. 1844, a son of Daniel and Hettie (Rock) Peck, natives of Virginia, and Ohio, the date of birth of the mother being 1821. In 1851 the parents came to Illinois, farming on land in Macon County, but later moved to Piatt County on a farm they had purchased. The father died in February, 1870, and the mother died in ISiil. Their chil- dren were as follows : Mary and Isahelle who are deceased ; Han.son, who lived at Cerro Gordo died in March. 1915; John, who died in 1S03 while home on a furlough during the Civil War; JIartha. who is deceased; Jacob, who is a Civil War veteran ; James K. ; Deliah, who is de- c-eased; Jane, who is Mi-s. David Ater, lives near Payne, Ohio; Catherine, who is deceased; Cleor.ge, who lives at Dong Beach, Cal. ; and Isaac, who is deceased. After the death of his lirst wife, the father married (second) Susan Leslie of Indiana, and they had two children, namely: Eli, who lives at Decatur, 111.; and Oscar, who is deceased.

James K. Peck attended the schools in his ilistrirt, and resided at home until he enlisted on January ,", 1S(>4. for service during the Civil War. in Company A. One Hundred and Six- teenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was as- signed to I,arkinsville, Ala., under General .Sherman. He participated in the battle of Resaca. and was on the historic March to the Sea. in the battle of P.entonville. the last engage- ment of the war. and at the Grand Review at Washington. On .\ugust 2."i. l.SC.-. Mr. Peck recciviil bis honoralilc discharge, ami returned to his old home where he lived until his father's death. Following this, he and his brother. Han- son, bought the homestead of two hundred and forty acres, and conducted it together for some years. Eater they divided the farm, and Mr. Peck contiinii'd to o|)erate it. although he moved to Cerro (iordo about ISliJ. In addition to con- ducting his farm. Mr. I'eck bought, fed and shipped <-,ittle from lS7(i until V.n:\. but in that year rented his farms, and has since liveil re- tired. His farming jiroiR-rties in Piatt and M;icon counties aggreg;ite l.OKi acres and all of this land is very valuable.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

785

In 1S71 Mr. Teck was married to Sarah Doyle, born In Illinois. She died in 1872, and his two sisters kept house for him and his brother until ISTs. when ilr. Peck was married (second) to Margaret Chambers, born in Macon Count.v, 111., a daughter of Thomas and Mary (Gates) Chambers o f Kentucky. The second Mrs. Peek died in 18S5. In 1S98 Mr. Peck was mar- ried (third) to Catherine Nickey, born in Ma- con County, 111., a daughter of William and Catherine Nickey. Mr. Peck has one living child, Margie who is Mrs. Charles Groves of Cerro Gordo. 111. He had two sons, Arthur and Russell, both of whom are deceased. Tliere is no issue from his third marriage. A consistent member of the United Brethren Cluirch. he has long been on its board of trustees. He is a Eer)ublican in politics and was elected road com- missioner on the ticket of his party. Cerro Gordo Post No. 210, G. A. R., holds his member- ship and keeps his interest. A man of sterling character and high principles, he lives up to his convictions, and no man stands any higher in the community than he.

PERKINS, Alexander, one of the native sons of Piatt County, and now postmaster of Cerro Gordo, is one of the representative business men of this locality, where he is held in highest esteem. He was born in Goose Creek Town- ship, April 10, 1S.5S, a son of Alexander and Elizabeth (Blacker) Perkins, natives of Vir- ginia and West Virginia, respectively. After their marriage, the parents went to Circleville, Ohio, and in 1856 moved to Piatt County, 111., buying land in Goose Creek Township. The father died before the birth of Alexander Per- kins, the youngest of nine children, and the widowed mother struggled bravely to bring up her children, and give them such advantages as lay in her power, although their school priv- ileges were confiued to the district schools of Piatt County.

The birth of Alexander Perkins took place in a log cabin that continued his home until he was fourteen years old, when a better resi- dence was put up. Until he attained his nia- .lority, Alexander Perkins continued to reside with his mother, and then began farming near De Land. Later he was engaged in farming near Cisco, and in 1801 came to Cerro Gordo Township where for six years he continued farming on rented land. He then bought sev- enty acres one mile east of Cerro Gordo, adding to his acreage until he now owns 200 acres of land, which he lias rented since October, 191.3, in that year niciving to Cerro Gordo to assume the duties (if piistinaster to which he was ajipointed by President Wilson. Ilis .sons conduct the homestead.

On September 18, 1880, Jlr. Perkins was mar- ried to Sarah Jane Stuckey, born near Lan- caster, Ohio, a daughter of Peter L. and Julia (Burgett) Stuckey of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Per- kins became the parents of the following chil- dren : Jeanette, who died in infancy ; Pearl, who was a public schoolteacher, died in 1912, at

the age of twenty-seven years ; Ethel, who is Mrs. William Dobson, of Cerro Gordo Town- ship ; Irwin, who with Lewis, conducts the home farm : May. who is her father's assistant in the postotHce; and Florence, who is Mrs. William Groves, of Willow Branch Township. Mr. Perkins is a Democrat, and has been active in his party. Since 1880 he has been a consistent member of the Methodist Church. He has served the church as trustee, steward and held other church offices. He has served as assessor of Cerro (iordo Township, and for sixteen years was on the school board. A man of intelligence and wide knowledge, he has brought to bear upon the duties of his several oflices, the ex- perience life has given him, and has proven him- self efficient and capable.

PERKINS, James D., a general farmer and stock raiser of Sangamon Town.ship, and a man widely and favorably known in Piatt County, was born in Goose Creek Township. July 21. 18(34, a son of William and Elizabeth (Dubson) Perkins, natives of Ohio and Reading, Pa. They came to Piatt County. 111., in childhood, and were married in Goose Creek Township. There the father bought eighty acres of land, and culti- vated it for many years, oi- until his retirement in 1910 to De Land, where he has since resided. The mother died September 20, 191.5. Their children were as follows : James D. ; John, who lives in Mouticello Township ; Amy, who is Mrs. Heath Prime, of Goose Creek Township; Eva, who is Mrs. George Hammond, of Cerro Gordo Township ; Elizabeth, who is Mrs. Bow- man Rudisel, of Goose Creek Township ; Wil- liam, who lives in Goose Creek Township; Sadie, who is Mrs. Lewis Ezra, of De Land 111. ; Roy, who lives in Monticello Town,ship; and Ada, who is Mrs. Newton Rowland, of Bement Town- ship.

James D. Perkins attended the district schools of Goose Creek Township, and until he was twenty-two years old he remained with his parents. At that time he began farming for himself in his native township, conducting the homestead for many years.. In June, 1899, he bought forty acres in Sangamon Township, to which he moved, and later added fifty acres, which he has sold. Subsequently he bought a farm of 102 acres where he now lives in the s:ime township, and he also owns IGO acres .iust west in Goose Creek Township. He has always carried on general farming and raises a good grade of horses, cattle and hogs.

On February 1, 18.87, Mr. Perkins was married to Margaret Duvall, born in Goose Creek Town- shiii. a daughter of Robert and Nancy (Robi- son) Duvall, natives of Ohio, and early settlers of (Joose Creek Township. They came here at a time when the prairie grass was higher than a man's head, so that be could ride through it on horseback, unseen. For hi.s property the father ])aid $2.50 per acre, and on this property hunted deer and many wild animals. Mr. and Mrs. Perkins became the parents of the following children : Bertha, who is Mrs. D. Campbell, of

786

IIISTOKY OF PIATT COUNTY

Goose Creek Township; Allen, who lives in Goose Creek Townshii), married Anna Aldrich ; Lorin, who lives in Goose Creek Towushiii, mar- ried Addle Reeves: and Ilarley. Ernest, Lola and Roy, all of whom are at home. Mr. I'erkius is a member of the Church of God. A Democrat, he served many years as a school director. Fraternally he" belongs to the Knights of Pythias of De I.antl. A man of high principles, he has lived up to his ideals, and at the same time achieved material prosperity.

PHALEN, John, cue of the substantial men and extensive lariiicrs of Piatt County, now living at Jlouticello, was born in Yates County, N. Y., April la, 1800, a son of William and , Anna (Skully) Phalen. natives of Ireland. They were married there, coming afterwards to Yates County, N. Y., wliere the father engaged in farming until .September 27, 18G7. when removal was made to Piatt County, 111. The family lo- cated in Sangamon Township, renting land until 1875, when a farm was bought in that same township, and there the father died iu January, 1S07, and the mother in May, 1902. Their children were as follows: Ellen, who is Mrs. Lucas Pheny. of Champaign County, 111. : .lames, who lives in Monticello Township: Wil- liam, who died at Pdoomington. 111. ; John : l<'rank. who lives in Sangamon Township ; Anna, who is Mrs. Jlichael Sherlock : and Michael, who lives in Vermilion County, 111.

When he was sixteen years old. John Phaleu began \\orking on a farm owneil by a man named Cale]) in Sangamon Town.ship. As he could, he attended the schools of the district, and in the winters did teaming for L. J. Digh- ton, in Champaign County, 111. ,Subse<uieiitly he was employed in farm lalior by Capt. Frank Criprip for two years, and then went to San .\ntonio. Te.\-.. where for eight months he was a cow boy. Returning to Piatt County be then worked for II. L. Tinmions on his farm for ten months, and tlieu went on the several thousand- acre farm of S. I,. AUerton. as a farm hand. He continued with Mr. AUerton for five years, and then rented one of the AUerton farms of 640 acres, and after si.x years on it went to another of the farms of 1.000 acres, in Willow Branch Township. Still later he took charge of the entire AUerton estate of 12.000 acres. In the meantime he bought and traded in farm land himself, and now owns noo acres of laud in Kenient Townsjiip tliat he rents. He is manager of from thirty-five to forty men in all. He bought a modern residence at Monticello. where lie now resides.

In January, 1S.S.S, Mr. Phalen was married and has three children.

PHEANIS, Abraham Arthur, whose knowledge (if the lumber interests of this section of the state make hi;ii the fitting manager of the affairs of the .Midland Lumber Comiiany at Monticelio. was born in T'nion County. Ind.. July 10, 187.". a son of Joseph M. and' Rachel i iSlie]iliard> Pbeanis. natives of Franklin and

Union counties, Ind., and both iiarents were born in Is.jO. The father is an extensive farmer of Union County. Ind. Their children are as follows : Pearl M., who is at home : Abraham A. ; John Clitford, who is at home; James UUbert, who is at Plaintield, Ind. ; and William Henry, who lives iu Union County, Ind.

.\braham Arthur Pbeanis attended the com- nn)n and high schools of Union County. Ind., and remained at home until lSl>o, at which time he went on a rented farm iu his native county, operating it for eight years. He then bought KiO acres of land, coudiicting it for six years, iu addition to 110 acres which he rented. In 1012 he came to Monticello to engage with the Monticello Lumber Company of which he is a stockholder, a branch of the Midland Lumber Company of Freeport, 111. This concern ofier- ates nineteen yards in IlliuoLs and one iu Iowa, and controls immense interests.

Gu December IS, 180.5, Mr. Pheanis was mar- ried to Jessie Alpha Hitchuer. born in Franklin County. Ind., a daughter of Mathias F. and Xancy Ann (Bourne) Hitchuer. Mr. and Mrs. Pheanis have one sou, Russell Hitchuer. Polit- ically, Mr. Pheanis is a Republican. His frater- nal connections are with the Blue Lodge and Chapter, A. F. & A. M. of Monticello, and the Odd Fellows and Encampment of this ortler.

PHILLIPS, J. Madison. One of the representa- tive citizens and prosperous farmers of Wil- low Branch Township is J. M. Phillips who is well known in Piatt and in other sections of the state through former business activities. Mr. Phillips was born in Piatt County, 111., March 3, 1871, and is a sou of M. C. and Louisa J. (Watson) Phillips, neither of whom are na- tives of Illinois, but have spent a large portion of their lives here.

M. C. Phillips, who is now a highly respected retired resident of Bement, 111., was born in Mississippi, in lS-t4. By the time he was seven- teen years of age his school days were termi- uated on account of his lieing drafted for serv- ice in the Confederate army, during the Civil War. It so happened that his s.vmpathies were iu favor of the Union and as soon as opportunity offered he de.serted and escaped to the Union lines, came to Illinois, and enlisted in an in- fantry regiment in this state. He remained a member of this regiment until the close of the war and received an honorable discharge. Shortly afterward Mr. Phillips was united in marriage with Louisii J. Watson, who was born in Ohio, in 1840, and was but a child when her I]arents brought her to Illinois and settled in Piatt County,

.Vfter marriage M. C. Phillips and his wife became farming people on a tract of eighty acres, sitnateil in Willow Branch Township. renting the land for the first few years and then buying it. Mr. Phillip's uuide farming his life work and continued on the .same farm, gradu- ally improving it and adding to its value, until 1008, when he retired to Bement. purchasing a comfortable residence there.

JOHN J. SHIVELY

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

787

J. Madison Phillips attended the public schools in Piatt County somewhat longer than many country boys, keeping at his books until he was nineteen years old, after which he as- sisted his father on the home farm for a year and then, in partnership witJi his brother, Frank Phillips, built an elevator at Parnell, in De- Witt County, 111. The young men ran that elevator for three years and then sold and bought an elevator, from J. C. McCord, at Mil- mine, in Piatt County. They operated this ele- vator in partnership for fiive years when J. M. sold his interest to his brother and went to farming. He rented 160 acres of land in Wil- low Branch Township that belonged to Mrs. Laura MeClure and cultivated it for two years, when he was compelled to rest on account of ill health, and silent the next year at Decatur, 111. Restored health brought with it the desire for an active out-door life again and lie went to Montgomery County and there rented a farm of 120 acres for three years and then returned to the homestead of eighty acres : taking charge of the same when his father retired. In addi- tion to operating this land, he conducts an eighty-acre farm belonging to John McClure. devoting his entire acreage to grain. Mr. Phillips has had much exj^rience both in rais- ing and handling grain and it would seem, con- sidering the certain increased demand in the near future for cereals of all kinds, that he Is pursuing a course founded on sound .iudgment.

On Feliruary 23, 189S. .1. M. Phillips was married to Miss Mary Fairbanks, who was born at Burnside. in Orange County, N. Y.. October 20, 1872. She is a daughter of William and Mary A. (I'axton) Fairbanks. The name of Fairbanks is one of considerable distinction in the United States, but the father of Mrs. Phillips was born in the city of Derby England, January 2.5, 1S44, and the mother in London, about July 0, lS4o. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Fairbanks came to the United States and made their home in New York until 1890. when they moved to Illinois and located at Bement in Piatt County. Mr. Fairbanks con- ducts a draying business.

The following children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Phillips: Charles, who was liorn September :!. 1809 and Lottie, who was born October 1.5, 1900, are both students in the Be- ment High School ; Hazel, who was born Janu- ary 4, 1904 : Troy, who was born June IG, 1907 ; Lela, who was born November .3, 1909; and Thelnia, who was liorn December IS, 1912. With the exception of the youngest all the children attend school. Mr. Phillips is in favor of a thorough public school system and does his part to secure good teachers as he is serving as a school director. In his political afflliation he is a Republican and he enjoys .social relaxation as a member of Milmine Lodge No. 1648. Mod- ern Woodmen of America. With his family he belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church at Bement.

PHILLIPS, Simon, a prosperous farmer and rep- resentative citizen of Bement Township, was born in Clay County, lud., October 6, 1869, a son of Andrew and Anna (Bowman) Phillips. The father was born in Ohio, JIareh 30, 1S40, and educated in the common schools of his native state. At the age of twenty-two years he moved to Indiana with his parents, and in 1866 was married in that state. His wife was born in Carroll County, lud., March 23, 1845. In 1876 the family came to Illinois, and rented a farm in Cerro Goitlo Township. Piatt County, and conducted it until they retired a few years ago, when they went to Cerro Gordo, which continues to be their home.

Simon Phillips attended the public schools of Piatt County, and was taught farming in every branch. Wlien he was seventeen years old he left school and began to be self supjiorting, working for the neighboring farmers by the month, so continuing for fifteen .vears. At the expiration of this period he began farming for himself on a farm near Liutner, 111., leaving it in four years to return to Cerro Gordo where he lived for three years. For some time follow- ing that he was engaged in farming, and then located on his present farm in Bement Township where he has lived for the past nine years.

In 1900 Mr. Phillips was married to Maude Criss. liorn in Crawford County, 111., February 6, 1882, a daughter of Joseph Criss of Craw- ford County. Mr. and ilrs. Phillips have one child. Merl, who was born July 15, 1902, and is a student in the country schools. In iwlitics Jlr. Phiili]is is a Democvat. All his life he has lieen a diligent worker and his efforts liave licen amply rewarded. '

PIATT, Charles William, one of the most repre- sentative men of I'iatt County, where his family has long Iicen distinguished, was born within its confines, in Goose Creek Township, on section 35, August 7, 1847, a son of William Hart and Clarinda (Marquiss) Piatt, the former of whom was liorn at Brookville, Ind.. in 1816, while the latter was born in Ohio. The paternal grand- father. James A. Piatt, was born .\pril 21, 1789, in Virginia, and he married Jemina Ford, born in Maryland, .January 10, 1792. The maternal grandparents were Abram and Elizabeth (Barnes) Marquiss, the former born in Vir- ginia, .January 5, 1789, and the latter in the same state. June 19. 1819. The maternal great- grandfather was William Marquiss. who was liorn in X'irginia, August 9, 1766, and he married Sarah Peters, wlio was born in Virginia. De- cemler 25. 1765.

James A. Piatt, fur whom Piatt County was named, moved from Brookville. Ind., to what is now I'iatt County. l)ut was then included in Macon and DeWitt counties, in 1829, making the trip across country with teams. His first location was on the present site of Monticello where he entered land after buying the Hay- worth claim, paying .$.50, of which |18 was in cash ;nid the remainder in tinware as lie had

788

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

Iiceii :i tinner in his <il<l homo. In all he ob- tained Mliinit i;iM) aeres of land in and about Jlonticello, and died in 1S;!S. Hi.s tir.st wife dle<l May K!, l.s;!t;, and on December 12, 1837, he married (second) Mahala Oxiey, who died Novenilier Hi, 1.S.50.

On -Vpril Kl. IS.'JS. William II. Piatt and C'larinda Maniui.ss were married In I'iatt County. V>y occupation he was a farmer aud stocl< trader, and his name appears on the county records as ( >vnini.' nxire land than any other' man in I'iatt County during its early days, he beinj: a leader in the settlement and develoi)nient of this section. His death occurred (•(•toiler 2.'!. IIMM!. A very touchin;: tribute lias lieen paid the memory of bis wife, the mother of Charles William I'iatt. who had ;i bronze tablet inserted in tlie mantel of the tireplaee of his beautiful home, inscribeil as follows: "In mem- ory of my mother. Clarinda Marcpiiss I'iatt who. in 1830, made a hazardous tri|i to file claim on the S. V2 of S. v.. 1,4 sec. L'.'i- 1 1 >-">, which is located near thTs spot. Ilavin;: heard that a man was on the road to the land office to enter tlie laud she had in view, she. on i:!th of March, started to Danville. (Ti miles distant, rode on horseback all nisht. swimming' the Vermilion River, filed the claim and went out of one door of the land office as the man she wished to forestall entered the other. Mar. 1.!. I'.tl.".. Chas. W. Piatt." This e.xcellent mother .-md lirave womau died .Time ."1. IS'.i:!. while on a visit at La Grange, 111. She and her busbaml had children as follows: A. .1.. who is deceased : A. M.. who is also de- ceased : Fr.mces \.. who married W. E. Lodge, is also deceaseil : Henry, who is deceased; Cliarles W. : Klizabeth .7.. who married W. E. Sndtb. lives at Monticello : Emma C. wbo is Mrs. .Toseph Llewellyn, of La Grange. 111. Mrs. Llewellyn is the author of one of the first his- tories of Piatt ('o\uify. to which frequent refer- ence is iu;i(ie in another portion of this work.

Charles W. I'iatt spent his boyhoml with bis jiarents. having received his educational train- ing in the district schools of I'iatt County, the Alonticello schools, and a school at Charlottes- ville. X. v.. which he attended during the winter of lS(i4-."i. When his mother's estate was set- tled, he being her i-onservator. thi' father deedeil each child 4110 .acres of land, or its e(|Uivaleut. .$8,(1(10. and they also received property from their nujfber who bad inherited land from her father's estate. When only fifteen years old Chai'Ies W. I'iatt took charge of the homestead of 1.100 acres, his lather being engaged with other duties, and he continued to o]ierate it until he was thirty years old, at which time the father turned over the management of all of his Iirojierty to his son. 'I'be 1(1(1 acres of land he already owned were loc;ited in Goose Creek and S:inL';imiin towjisbips. and be .idded to these holdings until he h.as now aliout soo acres in these townships. In 1.88S he bought his present f.-irm on wliicb he erected in the summer of liM."! an uu-to-date liungalow. .Ml his life he has liandled and raiswl cattle for exporting and carriiMl on -<'ner;il farming, but in IIMII he jirac-

tically retired, although he still supervises matters.

On .January 12, 1.S75, Mr. Piatt was married to Mary Kate Sparks, born at Ilillshoro, Ohio. October 1. 1.s.">4, a daughter of .lohn Oliver and \\mn Harbara (Bradford) Sparks, he born in Ohio in 1.S20, and in .Tanuary. I^.'il, they were married in .Vdams County. Ohio, and in ISoO moved to Illinois. They spent two years at De- catur, and then came to Beurent, 111., where Mr. Sparks was a grain hu.ver and merchant. Mrs. I'iatt died November (i. UKIC. having had no children. Appreciation was shown ilr. Piatt as to his e.xpert knowledge of stock, by the late (iovernor Altgeld. who appointed him a memljer of the State Livestock Commisslou, and he held that office for four years. In politics he is a Democrat.

PIATT, William M., wbo belongs to one of the old lamilies of Piatt County, is now living at Monticello. where he is held in the highe.st respect. lie was horn in a log cabin in what is now the city of Monticello. November 2(j, 1849, a sou of .lohn and Elizabeth (Lowry) I'iatt, born near Indi.maiiolis. Ind. The grandparents, .Tames A. and .leniima (Ford) I'iatt. were born in Virginia, while Baron Trenck and ,Tane Lowry. the maternal grandparents were born in Kentuck.v.

The Piatt f.imily in 1.S2S drove overland to Piatt Co(nify. and traded tinware for lami, as .lames A. Piatt was a tiimer. and after living lor .a time in the new coimtry. he became famous for his capture of some of the numerous horse thieves whicli infested the region. The Lowrys were early settlers of DeWitt County. .Vfter the marriage of .Tub n Piatt and Elizabeth I,owry. the Liiwrys moved to .Monticello. where .Tobn I'iatt conducted a store until bis death. .\t the s.Miiie time he became a f.-irmer buying l.ind e:ist of .Monticello, where be lived until ISSd. wluMi be moved to .Monticello. .\t one tinu" be owned three thousanil acres of Land in ilonficello Town- shi|i. His de.ifh i:ceurre<l in l!lli4 wlu'U be was eighty-six years old. His wife ilied in 1914. aged eighty-seven years. Their chiblren were as follows: ICIeanor. who is the widow of .lames Moffeft. lives at f.os Angeles. Cal. : Willi.im M. and bis twin brother. Itobert. the latter of whom died in infanc.N-. wbo were the second ;ind third children: I!, 'i'.. who lives .it Monticello; .\inm Pell, wbo is Mrs. W. II. Caruaban. of Cb.im- paign. 111.; America, who died in childlumd; .Tennic. wbo died at the age of forty-five years ; and .Inhn. who is at .Tai ksonville. 111.

William M. Piatt resided with hi- parents until be was twenty-five ye.irs old. and during bis boyhood attended the .schools of his district. In ISSO Ik- took ui> his residence on ;'.o7 .acres of land on the county line between Piatt and ClKimpaign counties. KUl acres being in Cham- paign Counly. .iinl th<> remainder in Piatt County. Here be c:irried on gener.-il f.arming. raising niu<b irniin. and ma.de :( number of sub- stantial improvements, until I'.tll, when he reiUcd the fai'm to his sou an<i bought a modern

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

789

residence at Moiiticello. where lie lias since lived retired.

On September S^. ISSO, Jlr. Piatt was mar- ried to I'eneloiie .Miiiear, born in Ross County, Oliio, a dausliter (if Samuel and Mary E. Minear, who came to I'iatt C ounty about 1S05. Mr. and Mrs. riatt became the parents of the following children: Samuel M., who is on the home farm: Anna Bell, who is Mrs. Arthur Fosnaugh, of Sangamon Township : and Mary Elizabeth, who married Alva Royce, of Moiiticello Township. Mr. Piatt served as a school director lor many years, and also as a school trustee.

PICKERILL, Rev. Lovell Barton, who for a num- ber of years gave his best efforts to the work of spreading the gospel, lias not relinquished his labors in behalf of moral uplift and civic betterment, although not now definitely con- nected with any pulpit. He was born in Wood- ford County, 111., September 26, 1853, a son of Chester B. and Rachel (Draper) Pickerill, na- tives of Brown and Alien counties, Ohio. The father was a farmer and stockraiser, who came to Woodford County, 111., in 1851. His death occurred at Eureka, 111., in the spring of 1897. The mother died in March, 1904.

Lovell B. Pickerill attended the common schools of his district, and the liigh school of Low Point, 111., following which he took a course at Eureka College, from which he was gradu- ated with a degree of A. M. in 187G. Following this he taught school and did local preaching for a few years, and then in order to further tit himself for ministerial work, he took a course at the Kentucky ITiiiversity. now known as the Transylvania University, from which he was graduated in June, 1S87. From September of that year until September. 1892. Mr. Pickerill' was stationed at Buffalo, III., and then he had charge of the first church at Clinton, 111., from September. 1891. to September, 1897, as pastor there five years but lived there six years. He also preached at Fairbury, Camargo, Findlay, Henton, Oreana and Argenta, two years at each one of these towns, but lived at De Land during all this time. On account of failing health of his wife he was compelled to abandon definite ministerial labor. He owns a farm in Goose Creek Township, and now occupies himself in looking after its operation and also, since his first wife's death, has been a local preacher.

On August ,31, 1876. Mr. Pickerill was married (first) to Emma Hodgson, born in LaSalle County, 111., a daughter of Eli and Phoebe (Kinkade) Hodgson, natives of Clinton County, Ohio. There were no children by this marriage. Mrs. Pickerill died May 26, 1904. In December, 1905, Mr. Pickerill married (.second) at Eureka, 111., Mary Evelyn Bailey, born in Fulton Count.v, Ind., a daughter of D. W. and Mary (Smith) Bailey, natives of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Pick- erill have one daughter, Racliel Evelyn, born November 8, 1912.

For many .years Mr. Pickerill was an Inde- jiendent voter in political campaigns, but lately

has taken an active part in the Prohibition movement, and was chosen by that party to rep- resent the Twenty-fourth Senatorial District in the State Assembly for two successive terms. He has always been earnest and active in secur- ing public improvements and to further educa- tional advantages. A modest, unassuming man, his work speaks for itself, and his good deeds will live after him and his example serve to point out the way for others to follow, not only those of his own denomination, but all who wish to be Christians.

PLUNK, William Arthur, for years one of the substantial farmers of Piatt County, but now deceased, was born in Sangamon Townshiji, April 24, 1869, a son of Thomas A. and Sarah (Cline) Plunk, natives of Ohio and White Heath, 111. The father came to Piatt County. 111., in 1856, and became the owner of over an entire section of fine farming land in Monticello Township. Their children were as follows : Wil- -uopi nt saAif oq.tt '^jaqjv SBntoqx : .intij.iy rami ticello Town.ship : Robert Lewis, who resides in Sangamon Township ; Charles, who resides in Michigan : Harriet, who is Mrs. Dr. T. A. Es- tock, of Portland, Ore. ; Estella, who died at the age of fifteen years ; Frank, who is a resi- dent of Ohio ; and John, who is deceased.

William Arthur Plunk attended the common and high schools of Monticello, and the Cov- ington (Ind.) College. He remained with his parents until 1891, and then rented a farm in Monticello Township for two years. In 1893 he moved on a 300 acre farm, which he rented from his uncle, in Sangamon Township, where he died. May .'!. 190-3. On .January 8. 1891, he was married to ICmnia Norris. born in Sanga- mon Township, a daughter of Daniel and Mary A. (Hubbart) Norris, of Madison County, Ohio, who came to Piatt County, 111., when children, and lived on farms in Sangamon Township. The mother died March 8, 1911, and the father died June 1. 1915. Their claildren were as fol- lows : .Tames, who lives at Monticello, 111. : Ed- ward .-ind Frank, twins, who are deceased; Ella, who was JIis. William Miller, is decea.sed; Ida, who is Mrs. James McCann, lives at Kearney, Xeb. : and Charles, who died in infancy.

After the death of Mr. Plunk, Mrs. Plunk bought forty acres of land .iust south of White Heath, which she farmed until within the past few years, when she rented her ju-operty. Mr. and Mrs. Plunk liecame the iiarents of the fol- lowing '•liihlrcii : Harrison Reed, who lives at Champaign, III., married Elsie Miller; Hildred, who is Mrs. Oliii Carrick. has one daughter. Maxine, and lives at Decatur, 111. ; and Mary Hazel. Mr. Plunk was a Methodist in religious fciith. In politics he was a Republican, and served as tax collector of Sangamon Township for three years, and in 1902 was supervisor of this township. Fraternally he lielonged to WTiite Heath Camp, M. W. A., and Monticello Lodge, K. P.. and was iiopular in both orders. His untimely death brought a loss to his com-

790

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

uiunity, and his meuioi'y is held in respectful gratitude by the people whom he served faith- fully as a public official.

PLUNK, William Henry. The late William Henry I'lunk, veteran of the Civil War, patriotic citizen whether in times of war or peace, suc- cessful agriculturalist and honored banking offi- cial, was one who left tlie impress of his per- sonality upon business and civil life at Mon- ticello. He was born in Ross County, Ohio, December IS, 1837, a sou of Jacob and Mary (Engle) Plunk, natives of Ohio, who came to Illinois in I8.5(; and i)a.ssed the last years of their lives on a farm in Sangamon Township.

William Henry Plunk received a district school education and was nineteen years of age when he accompanied his parents to Illinois. He was married December 0. 1860, to Miss Matilda Anderson, of Pickaway County, Ohio, daughter of John and Susan (Shepard) Ander- son, the former a native of Ohio anil the latter of Virginia. One week after his marriage. Mr. Plunk's father died. In August, 1S62, Mr. Plunk enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventh Regi- ment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Although he participated in many of the bloody battles of the Civil War and was always known as a brave and valiant soldier in the thickest of the fight, lie escajied wounds or capture and re- turned safely to his home.

After his return from the war Mr. Plunk purchased the home farm. In 1868 Mr. Plunk was elected sheriff of Piatt County and moved to Monticello. Two years later he was chosen by the voters as circuit clerk, an office in which he served honorably and efficiently for twelve years, and during that |ieriod became a partner with Mr. Van Rensellaer Moore, in Moore's Bank. He continued as the cashier of this in.sti- tution until his death. April 20, 1910. He was a niiin who merited in full the high esteem in which he was held in banking circles, his integ- rity being ever unquestioned. As an accumu- lator of farming property he secured 1,.500 acres of land. 500 of which is still owned by his widow, who makes her home in the handsome family residence at Monticello. Mr. Plunk was a sturdy Republican in politics, and clearly rep- re.sented the best interests of that party. He was for many years one of the valued comra<les of the Grand .\rmy of the Repniilic, was a faith- ful member of tlii> Metliodist Cluu'ch, and affil- iated with the Ma.sonic and Odd Fellow fra- ternal orders.

Mr. and Mrs. Plunk had no children of their own. Iiut reared two of the children of Mrs. Pliuik's sisters: Mattie, Mrs. Frank Williams, of Enid. Okla.. who has three children. Fern. Everett and W.-ilter; and Kathryn. Mrs. Wil- liam .\dkins, of Monticello, 111.

PONDER, Walter, now operating the home farm of his parents in I'nit.v Township, is one of the substantial men of Piatt County, and one whose standing is unusually high. He was born at Hammond, 111., May 11, 1887, a son of .Tames

and Lucretia (Bry.son) Ponder, natives of North (Airolina and Piatt County, respectively. The gramlpa rents. Jo.seph and Matilda Ponder came to Piatt County, 111. during the Civil War. After their marriage, the parents located on an eighty- acre farm of unimproved land, which the father developed and added to until there are now 666 acres in Unity Township and 300 acres in Douglas County, 111., which latter properly he rents. He farms 160 acres in Unity Township, his .son, Walter, operating the remainder of the Unity Township holdings. Since 1908, however, he has re.sided at Tuscola, 111. The children of the parents are as follows: Ethel who is Mrs. Hugh Crosman of Tuscola, 111. ; Walter ; Leslie who died at the age of twenty-five years ; Eva ; and .John who is at home.

Walter Ponder attended the schools of his district. Brown's Business Colleger of Decatur, 111., and the Illinois State Normal School at Normal, 111. On February 24, 1910 he was mar- ried to Ethel Smith, born in Douglas County, 111., a daughter of L. I. and Amy (Coleman) Smith, natives of Ohio. After his marriage. Mr. Ponder took charge of the home farm of 400 acres of land on which he does general grain farming and has one of the best agricultural l)r()perties in the county. Mr. and Mrs. Ponder have two children, namely: Ruth R. who was born .January 1-4, 1912 ; and Ellen Jenette who was born August 4. 1014. Mr. Ponder is a Methodist. His political opinions make him sup- port the iirincii)les and candidates of the Repub- lican party. Fraternally he belongs to the Odd Fellows of Hammond. 111. A man of imixirtiince, he is steadfast in his adherence to what he be- lieves is right, anil is a valuable addition to his coinmunity.

POSTLEWAIT, Thomas, was born in Pennsyl- vani.i, and eame to Bement in 1S5S, and there died in 18(19. He was a carpenter and was familiarly known as "Uncle Tommy." In 1848 he was married to Mary Cross and their chil- dren were as follows : .James C, Mrs. John Davis, Mrs. Charles McGaffey. and Sue. For years Mr. Postlewait was a school director, and be was one of those who btiilt the Methodist Church at Bement.

PRIESTLEY, George Thomas. One of the nicdiiMmcnts whicli is generally recognized the world over as being a remedy po.ssessing unusual healing qualities and reliability is the Syrup of Pepsin, manufactured at Monticello by the Pep- sin Syrup Company, of which George Thomas Priestley is superintendent. Mr. Priestley was born in England, February 22. 1862, a son of John and I'liza (Whitwood) Priestley. The mother died when George T. Priestley was an infant, and the father later married Rebecca Clark. Both he and his .second wife died \n England.

The e<lucation of Mr. Priestley was secured in the public aud pri^-iite schools of his native land, and he studied pharmacy prior to conung to the United States in 1882, with his brother,

SAMUEL SMOCK AND FAMILY

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

791

J. H. Priestley. He located at Mouticello, and during Iiis first nine months in this city, was in the employ of William Reese, a druggist. He then went to Benient, 111., and for three years was in the drug business, and for three years more was associated with Dr. Ruby. Mr. Priest- ley then came back to Monticello to connect him- self with P. B. Keys, leaving him to go with Johu Bohn, and then became associated with W. B. Caldwell, the founder of the Pepsin Syrup Company.

On September 19, 1888, Mr. Priestley was married to Emma B. Thorpe, born in Piatt County, a daughter of Andrew M. and Sarah H. Thorpe, natives of Ohio and Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Pi'iestley ha\-e had three children, namely : Edward Lynne, who died at the age of twenty- three years ; J. Thorpe and Sarah Kathryne, who are at home. In politics Mr. Priestley is a Republican. His religious afliliations are with the Presbyterian Church. Fraternally he is a member of the Knights of Pythias.

QUICK, Daniel, one of the substantial men of Monticello, who has beeu connected with vari- ous interests of Piatt County, was born in this county, in Unity Township, January 4, 1852, a son of Benjamin F. and Elizabeth (Utterback) Qiiick, he boru in Westchester County, N. Y., and she born in Hardin County, Ky. They moved to Indiana and lived there for a year, but in 1838 they came to Unity Township, Piatt County, and entered forty acres of land from the goverumeut, that was all covered with tim- ber. The father cleared off his laud, and in time added ICO acres to his original purchase, that was located further out in the prairie, and this he broke and improved. Buying more land from time to time, he finally had 550 acres, owning this when he died, on his farm, in 1875. The motlier died a few years later. There were thirteen children in the family, eleven of whom grew to maturity, and six are now living ; John T., who lives at Atwood, 111. ; Elizabeth, who is Mrs. Thomas Ritchey. of Atwood. 111.; Wil- liam, who lives at Atwood ; Ben.i'amin Franklin, who lives in Unity Township ; and Daniel, who was ne.xt to the youngest in the family.

Daniel Quick made his home with his mother after his father's death, conducting 120 acres of the home farm, with eighty acres of his own. Selling his eighty acres, he bought other land in Unity Township and carried on general farm- ing until 1895. when he moved to Monticello and bought property, and in the fall of 1900 was ap- pointed a guard at the Pontiac State Reforma- tory, where he served for a year. He then liad charge of the lawn both on the outside and inside of the prison walls, and remained at Pon- tiac over three years, when he returned to Mon- ticello where he has since made his home. For two years he was marshal of Monticello and. being an active man. in order to give himself something to do is now acting as .ianitor of the Farmers State Bank. While living in Unity Township he served as constable, and is a Re- publican in his political views. During his

boyhood he attended the first log schools, and later went to the district schools.

In 1808 Mr. Quick was married to Rebecca Ater, who was boru in Indiana. Her father died \\hen she was a child. There were no children of this marriage.

QUICK, Smith, was born in New York in 1S16, was one of the very first settlers of Bement Township. For some years he was engaged in farming in Bement Township, but upon his retirement he located at Bement. In 1S3S he was married to Mahala Tryon and their chil- dren were as follows : Isaiah B., Elsbary, Charlotte, Mrs. George Pool, Mrs. John EUars, Mrs. Xoble Ilufflnes, Jasper X., Viola F. and Cora O.

RAY, James P., was born in Marion Comity, 111., May 1, 1848, and came to Unity Township in young manhood, here engaging in farming, becoming the owner of 320 acres of land. On March 19, 1874, Air. Ray was married to Electa B. Woofers, and they lived upon their farm for a number of years, finally retiring to Be- ment Township, where he died March 31, 1896. Fraternally he was a Mason.

REID, Nelson. Both as a successful agricultur- alist and as an oflioial of Piatt County, the late Nelson Reid was well and honorably known to the people of his section, and is remembered with respect. He was born in Ohio, November 16, 1838, a sou of Robert and Hannah Reid. His father died before his birth, and be was reared entirely by his mother, being sent to the coDinion schools in his native state. In the fall of 1S(U. he came to Piatt County, and located in (Joose Creek Township. From there he en- listed for service in the Civil War in an Illinois regiment. After his honorable discharge at the close of the conflict, he returned to Ohio and spent a few years. In 1860, however, he re- turned to Piatt County and bought eighty acres of land, to which farm he kept on adding until he owned 206 acres, where he died and where his widow now lives. Here he put up all the buildings and made other valuable improve- ments, and here carried on general farming. He found time to efficiently serve in a number of offices, being treasurer of the county for two years, during which period he rented his farm and lived at Monticello; township collector, township assessor, school treasurer and justice of the peace, all in Sangamon Township, giv- ing entire .satisfaction in all these positions.

On August 10. isori. Mr. Iteid was married to Canjline Weaver, liorn in Uoss County, Ohio, a (laughter of Michael and Mary (Markle) Weaver of Ross County, Ohio. Mr. and Jlrs. Reid be- came the parents of two sons, namely : Robert M., who lives at Lake City, Iowa ; and James N., who lives with his widowed mother, and is engaged in conducting the homestead. The elder son is postmaster of Lake City, and both are most estimable and successful men. On May 22, 1015, Mr. Reid died,' having been for

792

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

years a I'niversalist in religious belief, and ever a man of Uigli princiiiles and upright lite. In polities lie was a Democrat and a leader in liis party. lOssentially a home man. lie fonud recreation in his family, and was not attiliated with any social orders.

REMMERS, Peter (deceased), was for many years one of the snccessfiil aiiricnlliiialists of I'iatt Connty, and a man whose ixamiiU' of np- right living and honorable dealing' jilaces him liigh in the memory of those wlio were asso- ciated with him. He was born in Germany, September s. l,S4(i, a son of Jerico and Magde- line Remmers, who came to Logan County, 111., from Germany, and there lived for some .vears prior to moving to I'iatt County, and during their life in the Cnited States they were farm- ing people. Both are now deceased.

I'eter Remmers attended the common schools of Germany, and learned farming there and In the United States. After attaining to man's estate, he engaged in farming in Logan County, III., until l,S8s when lie came to Piatt County, buying 120 acres in Goose Creek Township. To his original purchast he added until he owned 4(K> acres, il.'ij acres being in Goose Creek Town- ship, and the balance in Willow Branch Town- ship. In l!)(lf> Mr. Remmers retired, moved to De Land, renting his farm to his sons, and here he resided in the handsome residence he had bought, until his death which occurred October ], 1913.

On July 14. 1870, Peter Eenimers was married to Anna Bruhn, horn in Germany October 22, 1854, a daughter of Peter and Fannie (England) Bruhn, who came to Logan County. 111., in 1872. Mr. and Airs. Remmers became the parents of the following children : .lerico, who lives in I-ogan Count.v. 111. : Marie, who is Mrs. Bert Husinger of Goose Creek Township: Vandaline, who is Mrs. Tyibbert Lubbers, of Iowa : Peter, who lives in Willow Branch Townshiji : Anna, who is Mrs. Ike Lubbers, of Monticello. 111. ; Kate, who is ilrs. Otto Lubbers, of DeWitt County. III. : .Tohn. who is on the home farm ; and .Tennie and Henry, who live with their widowed mother at De Land. The family were formerly Baptists, but now attend the Methodist Church. In iiolitics Mr. Remmers was a Demo- crat. He was a man of indnstrions and thrifty habits and worked hard and steadily, and lived to see his efforts produce comfort for his family and r('s]iec-t for himself.

RHOADES, Daniel, caiiu- to I'iatt County in 3S44, locating on a farm in Monticello Town- ship, where he died in 1S;.5.S, His widow sur- vived him .iiKl made her home at Monticello until her death, which occurred in 1873. Their children were as tulbiws: Kmanuel, .Teremiah, Llizalietb, Mary, and .Nathan K.

RINEHART, Isaac L., who, after years of .suc- lessl'ul eiide.iviir. is now livinj in comfortable re- tireni(>nt at I>e Laii<l. is mie of the representative men cif I'iatt County. He was born in Ross

County, Ohio, in January, 1801, a son of James and Catherine (Welsh) Rlnehart, natives of Virginia. In 1851 the parents came to Piatt County, 111., where the father became a farmer, although he had been a gun and blacksmith for the si.\ years he lived In Ohio prior to making the change. The homestead in Piatt Coutny was on the county line between it and Macon County.

After completing his studies in the public schools at Champaign. 111., Isaac L. Rlnehart went to college one year, and then, at the age of nineteen years, he became telegraph operator and also taught school, not disiiualilied for the former work although through an intirmity resulting from an operation In his Infancy he was deprived of the use of his left arm. In 1879 Mr. Rinehart embarked in a hardware and grocery business at De Land, his being the first general store of the i)lace. In the meanwhile he had acquired a partner, Henry W. Gant/,. In 1895 they dissolved their connection. Mr. Rine- hart taking the hardware branch, which he con- ducted until 1901. when he sold and since then has lived retired. During his many years in business he won and retained the confidence of those with whom he did business, and he stands fur .111 excellent type of the sound men I'iatt County has produced.

Til l,s7'.i Mr. Rinehart was married to Asenath J. McCance, born in Fulton County, III., a daugh- ter of James and Mary McCance. born in Ohio. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Rinehart are as follows : James B., who lives at De Land ; Grace, who is Mrs. C. L. Maxwell, of Champaign, III. ; and Kverett R,. who is at home. In politics Mr. Rinehart is a Republican, and has served as town clerk of De Land, His fraternal aftiliatiou is with the Modern Woodmen of .^merica.

RINEHART, James Bruce, cashier of the First .National Lank, of De Land, and a man whose conservative policies and financial knowledge ai'e emplo.ved in rendering the people of De Land and his hank efficient .service, was born at De Land, July 27, 18M, a son of I.saac Luther and .Vsenath J, (McCance) Rinehart, natives of Ohio and Fulton County, III. The paternal grandfather. James Rinehart, was a gunsmith In Ohio, hut after coining to Piatt Connty. 111., he became a farmer. Isaac Luther Rinehart was reared on a farm but later became a merchant, and since 1901 has been retired.

James Bruce Rinehart attended the common and high schools of De Land and Normal, III., and then took a four months" course at the (Jem City Business College. Quincy, 111, Following this he clerketl in a hardware store in his native place until he became assistant cashier of the State Bank of De Land, on January 7, llHll, This position was held by him with such efti- eiency that on September '24. 1911, be was made cashier of llie Croninger State Bank oC Cisco, and January 1, lOK!, lie was made cashier of the I'^irst .National Bank of De Land, which impor- tant position he is still holding, the bank gain- ing ,Mlded stability through his connection with It.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

793

On November 30, 1905, Mr. Riuehart was uuir- ried to Harriet Wise, born at Milford, 111., a daughter of John W. and Saliua J. Wise, the former of vvbom is a native of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Rinehart became the parents of one daugh- ter, Helen Louise. Mrs. Rinehart died .January 28, 1915. In religious faith Mr. Rinehart is a Methodist. In politics he is a Republican and has served as village trustee and township clerk. A Mason in high standing, he has risen to be a ICnight Templar and Shriner. There are few men of his age and neighborhood who stand as high in public opinion as he, and his success is the result ot his own efforts, and his intelligence aplilied along legitimate and congenial lines.

ROBISON, Chester A., a general farmer and dair.vman who is [luttiug into practice many mod- ern ideas with reference to agricultural work, is .lustly counted among the substantial young men of Sangamon Township. He was born in Goose Oreek Township, this county. December 22, 1890, a son of Clement Vallandigham and Alice (Gar- ver) Robison. natives of Ohio and Macon County, 111., respectively. The paternal grandfather, Wil- liam Robison. when his son Clement was thir- teen years old, in 1880, came to Piatt County, and located in Goose Creek Township. In 1891) the father moved to Monticello. 111., where he has since resided.

Chester A. Itobison attended the district schools ot Goose Creek Township, and when eighteen years old began working in a grocery store at Monticello. A year later he went to Champaign County, 111., and was engaged for another year in a piano factory. Returning to his native township he worked on his father's farm of 204 acres until 1912, and then acquiring a portion of this farm, lived on it until t'eliru- ary 29, 1910, when he moved to eighty acres of land that his father owned in Sangamon Town- ship. Here he carries ou general farming and has a tine dairy. Mr. Robison has a brother. William Robison, who lives at Garrett. 111. ; and a sister. JIamie, who is Mrs. Wallace Piatt, of Monticello. 111., he being the second child of the three born to liis parents.

On JIarch .31. 1911. Jlr. Kobison was married to Joyce Boyd, born in Missouri, a daughter of Wil- liam and Ellen (Turner) F.oyd. Mr. and Mrs. Robison liave one son. Clement Boyd, who was born April 7, 1912. The Be Land Metliodist Church holds his membership. In politics he is a Democrat. For some years Mr. Robison has been a member of Monticello Camp. M. W. A. A live, enthusiastic young farmer, Mr. Robison is a valuable addition to any community, and is destined to attain higher things than have yet come to him.

ROBISON, William, a farmer of more than ordi- nary experience and capability, who is making practical use of his knowledge, is one of the sub- stantial men of Bement Township. He was born in Piatt County, in 1862, a son of William Robi- son, born in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1833, who

married .Vmanda Crawford, born in the same county, in 1S45. They came to Illinois in 1861, but after a year returned to Ohio. After a short stay, however, they came back to Illinois, and rented land in Bement Township until 1879, when the father bought 202 acres in Goose Creek Township. This farm he operated for some time, and then retired and went to live at Monticello.

William Robison attended the common schools of Piatt County until he was nineteen years old, at which time he began working for his father on the farm, so continuing until 1888, when he began farming for himself on the homestead. Five years later he bought 100 acres of land in Vermilion County, 111., but later sold this farm and spent a short period at Monticello. He then bought ninety and one-half acres of land in Be- ment Township, which he is still operating. In addition to this farm, he owns sixteen city lots at Monticello.

In 1888 Mr. Robison was married to Fannie Miner, a daughter of Ira and Mary (Buffert) Miner. She was born at Monticello in 1869, and died in October, 1915. Mr. and Mrs. Robison had two children, namely : Nellie, who married Logan Hampton, lives with her father on the farm ; and Lynn, who is a student in the Monti- cello High school. Mr. Robison is a Democrat. As his interest has been centered upon his work and family, he has never taken an interest in outside matters and so does not belong to any societies or fraternities.

RODMAN, Julius N., vice prp.si(lent of the State Bank of De Land, a man whose influence is wide spread and wholesome, sets an example for others to follow in his agricultural activities. He was born at Zanesville, Ohio, a son of Seanion and Kliza (Wolf) Rodman, natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia. The family is traced liack to .John Rodman, who was born in Ireland of Scotch-Irish descent. In 16.55, on ac- <-onnt of his having kept on his hat in the high court of New Ross, he was committed to jail by Judge Louder, and was imprisoned for three months and then banished. New Ross being a seaport and parliamentary borough of Ireland in Kilkenny and Wexford counties, eighty-four miles south-southwest of Dublin. After his ban- ishment, John Rodman went to the Barbadoes, where one of the wealthy and influential planters became interested in him. and he in time became one of this class himself. The same determination to resist unfair discrimina- tion has been handed down from generation to generation, and is found in Julius N. Rodman today. ,

.John Rodman provided in his will for a plan- tation which is described in that document as follows :

"In the parish of Christ Church, situated in the Irish Quarter so called." The Barbadoes were among the first of the English colonies, some authorities fixing the date of the first set- tlement as earl.y as 1612. These islands were granted to the Earl of Carlisle in 1625. The ex-

794

II18T0RV OF PIATT COUNTY.

tensive sugar iilaiitations wUich were hesun in the period between liUO and UUC, are the chief source of income to the planters, and this region had attained to a fair measure of prosperity as early as ICuO. Land was then worth about .$iriO per acre, and those enuagcd in developing its resources became wealthy. The advantages liere offered, tempted gentlemen of good families and small means to emigrate, and some of these came from the oldest and most honorable fam- ilies in England. The life of a planter in the Barhadoes is described by a historian writing in 170S, as follows : "The inhabitants are ranked in three orders: masters wbo are either English, Scots or Irish, with some few Dutch, Fi-ench, witli a few Jews of Dutch, French or Portuguese birtli ; white servants of household, and those of the fields. Their tables are spread every day with a variety of nice dishes and attendants are more numerous than those of the nobility in England. Their equipages are rich, their liveries fine, .-ind their coiiches and horses considerable, their chairs, chaises and all the conveniences for their traveling magnificent."

In this connection it is interesting to note some of the provisions of the will of John Hod- man, who rose from a lowly position to one of commanding importance.

"In tbe name of God, Amen. I, John Rodman of the Parish of Christ Church in aforesaid island, planter, being at this present time weak of litHly but of sound mind and perfect memory, praise be to (Jod for it. do constitute and make this my last will and testament revoking all former wills by me made or caused to be made in manner and form as follows: I connnit my soul to the bands of God trusting through the precidus merit uf Jesus Christ my alone Saviour and Keileciiier to obtain remission of all my sins and this miserable and transitor.v life is ended to en.ioy full resurrection and fruition to Eternal happiness in the world to come : I bequeath my body to the earth from which it came, decently to be buried in old church yard as near to my wife as may be deceased, with Christian burial which I leave to the discretion of my beloved wife. I give unto my l)elovetl wife Elizabeth Rodman my whole estate, real and personal, that is my plantation that now we live on and my plantation that is rented out in afore.said parish, she paying my debts and what I may be indebted and m.v funeral charges and that my said wife Elizabeth Rodman do en.1oy my estate, real and per.'<onal, with all household stuff during her lifetime, to the intent no sale made conveyance be made of bind, negroes or household stuff, and after her decease to return to my children as shall be hereafter mentioned and that my said wife to be my whole and sole e.xecutrix."

William Rodman, fifth in line from John Rod- man, served as a justice of tbe peace in Bucks County, Pa., and was elected to Congress. No- vember 4, 1810, and served in that body until March 3, 1813, refusing a re-election.

Scamon Rodman, father of Julius X. Rodman, was liorn .\ugust 27, 1810, and died October 31,

I.SD.'i. He was a son of Joseph and Mary Rod- man, who died January 28, ISSO. The marriage of Scamon Rodman and Eliza Wolf took place in 1833. She was burn May 21. 1811, a daughter of Peter and Elizabeth Wolf. Their children were as follows: William, who lived at Perry- ville, Ohio, now deceased ; Joseph Homer, who died at the age of twenty-one years; Francis A., who lives at Holder, McLean County, 111. ; James Milton and Samuel Augustus, who are deceased ; Elizabeth A., who is Mrs. W. H. Porter; Scamon, who lives at De Land; Julius N., also of De I^iiud ; Winfield Scott and Oscar Orlando who live at Bloomington, 111.

Julius Rodman was educated in the common schools of his native place, and the Wesleyau I'niversity at Bloomington, HI. A\'hen he was twenty-one years old he began working for his father on a farm near Pleasant Grove Church, 111., and there he remained until 187S, after which he removed to one of his father's farms, also in McLean County, HI., and there continued until ISSO. at which time he moved to a farm near De Land, in Piatt County, and here he rented laud until the spring of 18S3. At that time he moved to tbe Scott farm of oOO acres, one and one-half miles east of De Laud, on which he lived for twent.v years. Mr. Rodman became very prosperous and bought two farms in Piatt and McLean counties which he later rented. In 1".X)2 he was elected to the State Assembly of Illinois and was re-elected in lUO-l. In January, 1903, he moved to De Land where he still main- tains his residence. In 1901 he was made vice liresideut of the State Bank of De Land, and has continued in that office ever since. He has continued his farming operations, managing 3.00(1 acres of land for private parties, in addi- tion to his own property of over ."idd acres in Illi- nois and Indiana. He has always .specialized in farming and takes a deep interest in imjirovins; the laud under bis charge, developing it aecoixl- ing to scientilic metlKxls. .so that under his fos- teriug administratiiin it has greatly increased in value, as well as being markedly productive.

On October 13. 1.S7S, Mr. Rodman was married to Clara E. Colvin, born at Zanesville, Ohio, a daughter of James and Eliza (Mauley) Cohin, natives of Ohio. There are no children of this marriage. Mr. Rodman belongs to Twentieth Century Lodge Xo. 603, K. of P., and has twice been nominated to the grand lodge; and he also belongs to De Land Chapter Xo. 812, R. A. M. A staunch Republican, he is a leader in his party. The Jlethodist Protestant Church of Pleasant tJrove has his membership, and he has held all the lay offices in that church, and he is a liberal supporter of the De Land Methodist Church. In every respect Mr. Rodman is thoroughly repre- sentative of the best interests of his c<3unty and calling, and has done much to advance the busi- ness of agriculture in this section.

ROOS, John, now living in honorable retirement at De Land, is one of the former successful agri- culturalLsts of Piatt County who bore his part in

SI Mux SPRINKLE

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

795

the development of this section of the state. He was born near Mt. Pulaski, Logan County, III., June 17, 1860, a son of Cliristiau and Magdalina (Meyer) Roos, bom at \YurteiiiiiiluTg. Germany. The maternal grandfather, .Jai-oli Meyer, located in Logan County, 111., upon coming to the United States, to which section Christian Roos came in 185.0, and a little later married Magdalina Meyer. They located on land in Logan County, which they owned, and there the father died October 24, 1014, the mother having died in ISGS.

John Roos attended the district schools of I.i0gan County, and lived with his father until 1886, when he came to Piatt County, and rented a farm until ISOO when he bought eighty acres iu Goose Creek Township. This farm was partly improved, and he increased its value by adding to the Improvements, and operated it for ten years, when he sold it and bought 160 acres northwest of De Land in the same township. After thoroughly improving the place, iu the fall of 1914 he bought 160 acres in Willow Branch Township, and rents his properties. In 1008 Mr. Roos built a modern bungalow at De Laud where he has since lived retired.

On December 2.3, 1SS6, Mr. Roos was mar- ried to Deua T. Lubbers, born May 11, 1857, iu Germany, a daughter of Reemt E. and Gerhard (Boekhoff) Lubbers who came to Illinois in 1870, and bought a farm on the county line of Tazewell and Morgan counties. The father died July 13, 1879, and the mother November 8, ]874. Mr. and Mrs. Roos became the parents of the following children : Anna, who is Mrs. John Amman, of Monticello Township; and Chris R., who is on the home farm, married Pearl McQuire. Mrs. Amman has a daughter, Irene ; and C?hrls has a daughter, Mar.iorie, and these are the grandchildren in the family. Mr. Roos has served as a school director and iu other local offices, and in politics is a Repub- lican. Fraternallv he belongs to De Laud Lodge No. 740, I. O. O. F.

ROYSE, Hiram, was born in Indiana in 1840, and came to Goose Creek Township in 1871, where he bought eighty acres of raw land that he improved, adding to his original farm until he owned 3G0 acres. In 1895 he moved to Mon- ticello, where he lived until his death, which occurred May 14, 1900. On October 23, 1861, he was married to Helen Long and they had the following children : Mrs. A. M. Doss, Mrs. Fred Swam, Albert E., Mrs. John Stllabower, Ella O., Mrs. William O. Daffer, Josie, John A., and Harvey E.

SCHUH, Benjamin, one of the substantial busi- ness men of Bement, is a man widely known throughout Piatt County. He wSs born in Ger- many, September 26, 1845, a son of E. Schuh and Barbara (Bower) Schuh. The father was born in Germany, but in 1844 came to the United State.?, and engaged in farming in Mis- iwuri, where he died in 1883, tlie mother having passed away in the same state in 1867.

Benjamin Schuh was educated in Missouri, attending school held in a log house during three of the winter months. When only fifteen years old, he joined the army, enlisting for service in the Civil War, in Company B, Mis- souri Volunteer Infantry, and remained eighteen months. After leaving the service, he became an apprentice to the blacksmithing trade, and after completing it he went to St. Louis. Mo., where he worked as a journeyman for about fifteen years. In 1801 he came to Bement and bought the blacksmith shop then o]i('ratcd liy S. B. Priestley, but a year later began bamlliiig farm implements and now represents the Inter- national Harvester Company, and Mogel & Titan Kerosene Farm Tractor, the Jauesville Company P. & O. plows, the Oliver implements, the J. C. Case and Mitchel & Weber wagons, the Union City buggies, and the Lily Cream separators. After founding his implement busi- ness, he took his son, A. M. Schuh, into part- nership with him, and they have since been associated together. In addition to this busi- ness Mr. Schuh owns a livery barn at Bement, his residence, and 321% acres of land in St. Clair Count.v, Mich.

In 1871 Mr. Schuh was married to Pauline Klott and after her death was married (sec- ond) to Matilda Giesselman, a daughter of Henry Giesselman. Mr. Schuh has had the fol- lowing children : W. W., Benjamin, Arthur, Franklin, Ida M., all of whom are deceased; Robert, who married Bessie Polly, lives at Terre Haute, Ind. ; A. M., who is in partner- ship with his father ; and H. B., who married Cora Ploldman, is also working with his father. The Catholic Church of Bement holds Mr. Schuh's membership. In politics he is a Dem- ocrat, and he was appointed postmaster of Be- ment by President Cleveland. Fraternally he belongs to the order of Ben Hur, of Bement.

SELVA, Rev. Louis, priest in charge of St. Michael's Church, of Bement. and one of the be- loved clergymen of the Catholic Church, is known all o\er Piatt County as a man of broad sympathies, profound learning and kindl.y char- ity. He was born iu Italy, in 1852, and came to the United States in the fall of 1878, lieing stationed at Galeshurg, 111., for fourteen years, from there removing to Odell, 111., where he was for six years. For the .subsequent five years he was at the Catholic Church in Coal City, 111., and then came to Bement to take charge of St. Michael's Church, where he has remained for the last twelve years.

The first Catholic settlers came to Piatt County in 1850, and for a number of years their spiritual needs were ministered to by Father Toner, of Champaign County, 111. The parish of St. Michael was founded in 1S91 and its first resident priest was Rev. F. G. I^entz, who was succeeded by Rev. E. Hawley. Rev. Louis Selva a.ssumed charge of the parish in 1904, and innne- diately began to agitate a movement to secure the erection of a church at Bement. His efforts were crowned with success in 1915 when the

796

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

present edifice was coinplete^l at a cost of $19,- (XX). Some idea of Fatiier Selva's Imsiness abil- ity may be gained from the fact that all of this amount has been paid. He also has charge of the parish of Monticello. and was instrnniental in securing the erection of the Catliolic Church at that point in liXXi.

SHAFFER, Henry, now defeased, was for many yp;us ;i successful .•igriculturalist of Piatt County, anil later became a well known figure at Monticello where he died. He was born in Indiana .Vpril :",. 1842. a son of .Jacob and Eliza- beth (Keller) .'Shaffer, natives of Indiana and Pennsylvania, respectively. The parents were niarrietl in Ohio and afterwards moved to Bow- ling Green. Ind.. wb.ere the father engaged in farming until his death, which occurred when Henry Shaffer was a small boy. The widowed mother with her two sons and two daughters then came to Jlonticello.

Henry Shaffer attended the schools of Monti- cello aiid had not attained to his ma.iority when he enlisted on .\ngust 14. 1SC2. in Company C. One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the Civil War, wlicn he was honoi'ably discharged, and returned to .Mimticello. There he began farm- ing. In the meanwhile his mother had married (second) John Mosgrove, who was a saw-mill owner and owner of large tracts of laud in Piatt County, which he later sold and went to Missouri, where he died.

On July 10, 1871. Mr. Shaffer was married to Mary K. Loveall. born at Terre Haute, Ind., December 4, 18."1, a daughter of Henry and Judith .\nn (Hayes) Loveall, natives of Ken- tucUy and Henry County. Ind., respectively. -Vfler bis marria^'e Mr. Shaffer lived on a farm at Slabtown. Sangamon Townshiji. and farmed there mitil UKK). when he sold his farm and bought [iroiierty in Monticello. (Ui which he lived retired until his death October 2(i, 1911. Since his death. Mrs. Shaffer has continued to reside at the homestead. Their children were as follows: Jacob, who lives at Oilmore City, Iowa ; Elizabeth, who is Mrs. Peter Baugh of Gilmore City. Iowa ; .\nna. who is Mrs. C. C. Welch of Monticello Township: Jemima, who died in in07. aged twenty-eight years; Mahala, who died in 1!lO(i. aged twenty-four years: Xellie. who is Mrs. John Brady of .Monticello: Edward, twin brother of Xellie. who lives at Ellend.ile. .Minn.; Frank, who lives at Britt, Iowa : .and Eva Hazel and Estella. who live witli tlieir mother. Frank E. was in the T'nited States army in the Philippines, and in .Vrizona. where he w;is discliargcd. Jemima left a daugh- ter. Itntb Wearliinie. wiio has lived with Mrs. Shaffer since her birth, on June Ki. 189!). Mrs. Shaffer was educated in Vigo Comity. Ind. \\- though her life has been a bard one. she has en- .1oyed working for her loved ones and making a happy liome for her family. In addition to caring for them she has nursed many sick in her neighborho(Kl. and has a record of having put the first garments (m fifty-live baliies, tliree

sets of whom were twins. She is a member of •^he Church of God. She al.so belongs to the W IJ. C. of the ^i. A. It., her husband having been a member of the latter. In politics he was a Democrat. Mrs. Shaffer is applying for a 160- aire homestead in one or other of the western states. Mr. Sli.ilTer was a man of fine character, and is remeinliered with res|>ect by tliose who liad the honoi- of liis aeipiaintance.

SHAW, Homer E., who is a representative of tlie banking interests of Piatt County, has achieved, during liis twenty .vears of residence at Bement, an excellent rejaitation in tinanci.al circles. He is president of the State Bank of Bement, and iu directing the policies of this institution has ever displayed foresight, integrity and acumen, winning and holding tlie confidence of his asso- ciates and the general public. Mr. Shaw was liorn in Hocking County. Ohio, August 20, 1865, a .son of Charles F. and Elizabeth (Cox) Shaw.

C^iarles F. Shaw was born in Hocking Count.v. Ohio, where he was engaged in farming until 1867, in that year moving with his family to Champaign, 111., in tlie vicinity of whidi city he continued to carry on agricultural pursuits. In 1880 he came to Piatt County, where he farmed near Monticello for ten years, and in 1890 went to Harrison County, Mo., where he still resides. Jlrs. Shaw, also a native of Hocking County, Ohio, died in Jul.v, 1915.

Homer E. Shaw was two years of age when brought to Illinois, and l>ere received a good edu- cation in the grammar and high schot>ls. He took .an advanced course at lyebanon, Ohio, and then returned to Piatt County, 111., where for three years he engaged in teaching in the coun- try schools. Witli his earnings he founded a stationery business at Monticello, which he con- ducted for seven years, then disposing of his in- terests in order to found, at Bement, the H. E. Tinmious & Company Bank, in company with H. L. Timmons and John X. Dighton. This con- tinued as a private institution for eight years, but in 1904 was incorporated as the State Bank of Bement. with Mr. Shaw as president. .\. E. Wilkinson as vice president, and R. M. Fleming as cashier. These gentlemen, with J. F. Sprague and W. B. Fleming, compose the board of di- rectors of an institution which is rated as among the strongest in Piatt County. Its capital is .'i!.">0.0(M). and it has de|iosits of .$22.").0O(). Mr. Sh.iw is known as a man who keeps his finger constantly on the imlse of finance and who can be depended n|)on to conserve the interests of his depositors, wliose full faitli he has and merits. .V Democrat in jiolitics. be was elected on that party's ticket to the Forty-sixth Genei'al .\ssem- lily. and gave his constituents gooil .service. For nine years he has lieen ])resident of tlie board of trustees of Bement. Fraternally he is a Shriner Mason and a member of the Knights of Pythias.

In June. 19(i."i. Mr. Sliaw man-ied Iva L. Mon- son. born in Clinton. III., daughter of William and Harriet lHut<bin) Monson. They have two cliililren : Iliuner E. and Harriet E.

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

797

SHEPHERD, Robert M., whose former activities entitle liiiii to tlje honorable retirement he is now enjoyln;;, is one of the sulistantial men of Piatt County, living at Milmine. He was born in Rush County, Ind., October 22, 1850, a son of Robert and Sarah (Powers) Shepherd, natives of Ken- tueliy. The parents were reared in Kentucky, where they were married, later coming to Illi- nois, from whence they went to Rush County, Ind. After a residence there of five years, they went to Wabash County. Ind., when Robert M. was nine months old. In the spring of 1S75 they came to Milmine, becoming the owners of 280 acres of land. The father died in 1883, and the mother in 1807. Their children were as fol- lows : Elizabeth, who died in the fall of 1876 ; Mary, who is Mrs. E. P. James, of Piatt County ; John W., who lives in Kansas; Robert M. ; and Mattie, who married Dr. W. C. Bowers, died at Decatur, 111., March 1, 191G.

In 1873 Robert M. Shepherd came to Piatt County and for three years farmed forty acres of land he owned in Blue Ridge Township. He then went to Milmine and operated his father's property that now belongs to him, owning 291 acres in Piatt County, and 305 acres in Marion County, 111. Until 1891 Mr. Shepherd continued farming, but in that year began merchandising at Milmine in partnership with Charles Taylor, the association continuing until 1S99, when Mr. Shepherd sold to his partner and has since lived retired.

On December 8, 1870, Mr. Shepherd was united in marriage with Sarah Jlower, born in Wabash County, Ind., a daughter ,of John and Rosanna . (Crasker) Mower of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Shepherd became the parents of a daughter, Mary, who is Mrs. A. G. Barber, and she and her husband live on Mr. Shepherd's Piatt County farm. Jlr. and Mrs. Barber have a daughter, Sarah. Mrs. Shepherd is a consistent member of the Christian Church. The parents of Mr. Shepherd were members of the Xew Light Chris- tian Church. For a number of years Mr. Shep- herd served his district as a member of the school boai-d. and takes deep interest in the de- velopment of the country schools, for it was in them that he secured his own education. In politics he is a Democrat. His large- interests in Piatt County make Mr. Shepherd one of the im- portant men of his community, and as he is broad-minded and progressive, he is always counted upon with confidence to give his support to those measures which in his judgment will work out for the betterment of the county.

SHIVELY, Isaac, president of the La Place State Bank, and one of the leading men of Piatt County, was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, Feliruary 8, 1837, a son of Christian and Barbara (Ulrey) Shively, natives of Ohio. In 1851 they moved to Wabash County, Ind., where the mother died October 13, 1880, being nearly seventy-four years old, as she was born August 8. 1806. The father was born February 20, iSno. and died January 24, 1898. At one time

while in middle life he owned 2,000 acres of land in Wabash County, Ind. After the death of his first wife, he married (second) Mm. Hannah Crlpe of Illinois.

Isaac Shively lived with his parents in Indi- ana until 1863, when he went on a farm In Wabash County, Ind., and remained there until in February, 1871, at which time he came to I'iatt County, and began farming 320 acres of land he had previously bought. This land was only iiartially hrokcii. and on it was a small shanty. Mr. Shively began improving the place, adding to it until he owned 800 acres in one tract. From this he has taken land to give his children until he now has only 420 acres of ffis original homestead, but he also owns 160 acres near Dexter, N. M. In October, 1915, Mr. Shively retired, moving to La Place, where he had purchased a modern residence. Since the organization of the La Place State Bank in 1907, Mr. Shively has been its president, and he is iiitcrestcil ,-ilnn- other lines in the county.

On ((cldliri- 1. l^i;.',, Jlr. Shively was married to Margaret I!li>-i;,.|istafr, born in Miami County, Ohio, on October 32, 1845, a daughter of Samuel and Mary (Gump) Blickenstaff. Mr. and Mrs. Shively became the parents of the following children: Mary Lizzie, who was born June 15, 1865, is Mrs. Frank Etno.ver of Cerro Gordo Township: Julia, who is Mrs. Jacob Wine, died in January, 1909, aged forty-one years; Daniel, who lives in Cerro Gordo Township; John, who lives at La Place; Nora, who died in 1879, aged five years; Samuel, who lives in Cerro Gordo Township; Joseph, who lives at Lintner, 111.; Romie, who lives in Cerro Gordo Township ; and Festus, who lives on the home place. A member of the Brethren Church. Mr. Shively has served it as a deacon since 1875. For many years, while living in Cerro Gordo Township, Mr. Shively served on the school board, taking an interest in improving educational conditions, for he attended the common schools in his boyhood. I'olitically he is a Republican, and in every respect he is one of the most representative men this county possesses.

SHIVELY, John J. Although his active life was spent in Macon County, "the late John J. Shively. after his retirement from agricultural labors, moved to Cerro Gordo, where he spent his last .vears, so he properly belongs to the list of substantial men of Piatt County. He was born in Clinton County, Ind.. May 21, 1853, a son of Stephen and Catherine (Metzger) Shively, born near Dayton, Ohio. They were married in Indiana, and located on a farm, later liecoming early settlers of Macon Count.y, 111. Subsequently they moved to Piatt Count.v. and spent their declining years at Cerro Gordo, where they died.

The educational training of John J. Shively was obtained in the common schools. He was taught farming in all its branches, and for many years was a prosperous farmer of Oakley Tovi'nship, Macon County, operating a farm of 160 acres still owned by his widow. In 1908 he

798

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

retired, moving to CeiTo Gordo, where lie bought a liaudsouie residence, and in it he died March 14. 1908.

On May 10, 1874, Mr. Shively was married to Leah Bliclsenstafif, born in Clinton County, Ind., AuKU.st 13, 1851, a dautchter of Leonard and Catherine (Ulery) Blitkonstaff, born in Ohio, who came to Macon County, 111., in 18.55. Mrs. Blickenstaff died in 18ij(i. while Mr. Bliekenstaft" died a few years later. Mr. and Mrs. Shively became the parents of the following children: Cora, who lives with her mother ; and Levi, who resides at Chicago, married Gertrude Whisler, and they have one son, WlUard, Levi Shively has taken an advnnced course in mathematics at the University of cliicago, from which he will be graduated in 1017. He intends to malie teaching his life work.

In religious faith Mr. Shively belonged to the Church of the Brethren, in which the entire family hold membership. Ills political views made him a Republican, and he gave an earnest and conscious suiiimrt to the principles and can- didates of that party. Hard working, intelli- gent and thrifty, Mr. Shively was successful and made his marlj upon his community.

SHIVELY, John L., cashier of the La Place State Bank, is one of the substantial and reli- able men of Piatt County, and a forceful figure in the financial circles of La Place. He was born in Cerro Gordo Townshi]i. ,Tulv 2G, 1872, a son of Isaac and Margaret (Blickenstaff) Shively. who were born near Dnyton, Ohio. They were married in Indiana, and came to Cerro Gordo Township, Piatt County, in 1871. Here the father bought 320 acres of land which was partly iniiiroved, and he added to these improvements, and increased his acreage until he is now a heavy landowner. Both he and the mother live at La Place.

Until he was nineteen years of age, .John L. Shively attended fbe schools of Cerro Gordo Township, and as.sisted his father with the farm work, continuini: with his father nntil he at- tained his ma.iority. At that time he began farming on his own account with rented land, so continuing for eight years, when he bought 160 acres of land that was improved, in Cerro Gordo Township, and conducted it for fourteen years. Moving then to the Pecos Valley, N. M., where hi.-? father owns land, be spent two win- ters and one summer, on land be had bought. In April, iniO. he returned to Piatt County, and bought fifteen acres of land .iust out of La Place, which he is oi>eratins in con.innction with his farm. In 1001 a bank was organized by .Tohn Kirliy and .Tohn Pighton. and tliis was re-organized in 1907 as the La Place State Bank, with ls;i;ic Shively as president, George E. Dob- son as vice-president, and Robert Berger as cashier. Mr. Shively is still the president, but the vice-president is now Samuel Shively, and Mr. John L. Shively is cashier, with C. IT. Adams as assistant cashier. .Tolin L. Shively has been cashier since November 1. 1915. The capital

stock of the bank is ii;25,0(X), the surplus $6,000, and the deposits aliout !!!90,000.

In February, 1800, ,Iolin L. Shively was mar- ried to Dora E. Musserlnian. born in Missouri, a daughter of David and Susan (Cripe) Mus- scrlman. natives of Missouri. Mr. and Mrs. Shively have the following children : Lela. who is Mrs. lOldo Hendricks of La Place, 111. ; and (;icnn, (Jr.ue and Minnie, who are at home. Mr. Shively lielongs to the Brethren Church. For three yeais he served as commissioner of highways, for two terms was a school director, and in both ottices has shown executive ability iind conscientious fidelity in tlie performance of bis duties. In [lolitics be is a Republican.

SHONKWILER, Francis M. One of the mem- bers of the Piatt County bar, is e.x-judge of the County court, Francis M. Shonkwiler of Monticello. He is a native of this county, and was born on section 2, Unit.v Township, June 21, ]8ijl, his parents being Simon and Anna (Schee) Slionkwiler.

Simtm .Shonkwiler was Ijorn in Scioto Count.v, Ohio, and when a young man emigrated to Indi- ana, where he residc^d for several years, and where he was first married. He came to what is now Piatt County in the fall of 1.S3G, and purchased lands in .sections 1 and 2-16-6 in Unity Township. His first wife, by whom he had five children, died about the year 1847, and in 1849 lie was united in marriage with Anna (Schee) Webster, a widow with three children. Jlr. and Mrs. Slionkwiler resided on tlie farm in Unity Tounsbip and there both passed away, Mr. Shonkwiler on Slay 10, 1889, and his wife on July 1. 1885. Four children were liorn of this marriage: .Jennie, now Mrs. S. J. Welfley. of Decatur; O. M. Shonkwiler, of Ilartle.v, Iowa: Martha, now Mr.s. 0. B. Moore, nf .vtwond; and Francis M.

The youngest child of his parents, Francis M. .Shonkwiler, attended the district .school and later entered Valparaiso (Ind.) University, where he graduated in law with the class of 1883. He began iiractiee in O'Brien County, Iowa, and in 18SC returned to Illinois, and opened an office at Bement. In 1804 Mr. Shonk- wiler was elected Judge of the County Court of Piatt County, and took up his residence at Monticello, where he has since resided. He was three times elected to the ofllce of county .judge, and served for twelve years. He held the office of county .iudge longer than an.v one el.se in the history of the county. Judge Shonk- wiler was not a candidate for a fourth term, and retired from the office on December 3, 1006. He has since practiced law in Monticello.

Judge Shonkwiler was married June 0. 1888, to Alice Thompson, daughter of E. P. and Susan J. (Burrington) Thompson, who were natives of Massachusetts, and came to Bement. in 1876. By this marriage six children were liorn, two of wliom died in infancy. The four living chil- dren are: Horace A., Francis L.. Robert P., and .Mice Shonkwiler. Mrs. Shonkwiler died Feb-

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

799

ruaiy lU, 1904, ;\ik1 the Judge was again mar- ried, ou April 8, 1011, to Mrs. Blanche Snyder, who was born in Clay County, 111. By her for- mer marriage Jlrs. Shonkwilei- has one daugh- ter, Maude.

SIEVERS, Silas Lee, president of the Siegers & Cline Bank, of White Heath, and one of the leading financiers of this part of Piatt County,* is a man of sound .iudgment and conservative ideas, whose connection with the institution lie assisted in founding gives it stability and in- spires public confidence. He was born on what was the battlefield of Mills Springs, near Somer- set, Ky., November 6, 1865, a son of Frederick and Elizabeth (Minks) Sievers, natives of Prus- sia, Germany, and Lee County, W. Va. Fred- erick Sievers was brought by his mother when fourteen years old, to Somerset, Ky., to join the father, who had preceded them. There Frederick Sievers grew to manhood and after his marriage, located on a farm in the vicinity of that of his parents, and there be spent the remainder of his life, dying in April, 1878. The mother died there in June, 1888.

Owing to the death of his father when be was still a lad, responsibilities fell early upon the shoulders of Silas Lee Sievers, and he secured but little educational training. When he was nineteen years old be made a trip to Oregon, working at anything he could find to do until October of the same .year, when he came bade east as far as Illinois, and located in Piatt County. For the ne.xt four years he worked by the month for John Weddle. and then rented a farm in Sangamon and Goose Creek townships for a year. He then rented a farm entirely in Goose Creek Township for another year, when lie returned to his former farm and conducted it for a year. For the next two years lie con- ducted a farm in Willow Branch Township, and then, in i)artnership with J. H. Weddle, bought a farm of ;148 acres iu Sangamon Township, ten months later becoming the sole owner of the property. Subsequently he added 200 acres that adjoined his farm, and on it carries on general farming. Since 1901 he has specialized in heavy feeding of cattle and hogs, finding this branch of agriculture very profitable. Not content with his success as a farmer, on October 1, 191.3, in conjunction with Ona F. Cline, he organized the Sievers & Cline Bank of White Heath, of which he has been president from the beginning. This is one of the most reliable financial institutions of the county, and a large banking business in all its branches is carried on.

On February 21, 1891, Mr. Sievers was mar- ried to Ella E. Stanley, born in Willow Branch Township, Piatt County, a daughter of Joshua and Sarah (Huff) Stanley, born in Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Sievers have had the following children: Ray M.. Roy, Earl, Glenn, Florence, Floyd, Bertha and Frederick Stanley, all of whom are at home. Mr. Sievers is a Democrat in political matters. Fraternally be belongs to Monticello Chapter. R. A. M. He is a man of wide and raried interests, notwithstanding early

disadvantages, and he possesses the knowledge that enables him to direct them wisely and prof- itably, and his success not only redounds to his credit, but increases the importanc of his nelgh- bonliood.

SMITH, Jacob, who was born in Pennsylvania iu 1817. came to Piatt County in 1857. He was married in that state to Nancy Shenk, and they had five children, namely : Henry Augustus, Catherine, J. G. W., James Monroe, Mary Eliza- beth and William Penn. For a number of years he was engaged in farming iu Bement Town- ship, and later on in life moved to Monticello.

SMITH, John, formerly a cabinetmaker and undertaker of Cerro Gordo came to Piatt County about 1855. In 1845 he was married to Sarah Cole and their children were as fol- lows: Mrs. E. Stewart, Llewellyn, Mrs. Albert McClintock, Alma, Ezra and Elmer. John Smith died at Cerro Gordo in 1878.

SMITH, WUliam E., one of the leading diy goods merchants of Piatt County, has long been recog- nized as a prominent business man and desir- alile resiili'iit of Monticello. He was born at Mt. Sterling. Madi.sun County, Ohio, July 18, 1844, a son of William W. and Alazanna (Webster) Smith, natives of Vermont, and Washington Court House, Ohio, respectively. They located at Mt. Sterling after marriage, and there the father engaged in the practice of medicine. Later be moved to Ansonia, Ohio, where he died in 1848.

Following his father's death, William E. Smith resided at Washington Court House with a Mr. Burnett, for a period of three years, during which time he acquired practically all his school- ing. When he was only fifteen years old he went to Union City, Ind., and went to work in a print- ing office and also worked in a similar establish inent at Greenville, Ohio. He was there when, on July 24, 1862, he enlisted tor service during the Civil War, in Company F, Ninety-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was assigned to the First Division, First Brigade, Fourteenth Army Corps, and was under General Sherman at the battle of Chickamauga, where he received a gunshot wound in his right hand. He rejoined his command November 28, 1S(>.3. but was taken prisoner at Lexington. Ky., and paroled the same day. In all he was in twenty-two impor- tant battles and many skirmishes. On June 5, 1865. he received his honorable discharge, having been at the Grand Review at Washington. Go- ing back to Greenville, he remained there until June 24, 1866, when he came to Monticello, 111., and became a clerk in the firm of J. Piatt & Co., general merchants, remaining with it until 1878, when he embarked in a grocery business, later adding the handling of dry goods. About 1900 he sold bis grocery interests, concentrating upon dry goods, and now has one of the finest stores in this ])art of the state.

On June 3, 187.3, Mr. Smith was married to Elizabeth Jemima Piatt, born in Piatt County,

800

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

ill Febniar.v. ISril, a daughter of William H. and Clarinda (Marquiss) I'iatt, aud grauddaugbter of James A. Piatt for wliora Piatt County was named. Mr. and Mrs. Smitli became tlie par- ents of the following children : William Piatt, coiuit.v treasurer of Piatt Count.v. who lives at Monticello; and Clarence Kiiby, who is in busi- ness with his father. Mr. Smith has always taken a iirouiineut part in politics as a Republi- can and served for two terms in the city council of Monticello, and was on the school board for two terms. He belongs to the Odd Fellows and Encampment, aud Franklin Post No. 2.50. G. A. R. Xo man is morely highly esteemed than he or deserves more fully the cimhdence reposed in him.

SMITH, William Piatt, present county treas- urer <if Piatt County, and one of the progressive men of this section of the state, is now a resi- dent of Monticello, although he also has impor- tant intere.sts elsewhere in the county.

He was born at Monticello, May 10, 1874, a son of W. K. and Mina .T. (Piatt) Smith, natives of Ohio, and Goose Creek Township, this county. The father came to Monticello just after the close of the Civil War.

William Piatt Smith was educated in the com- uion and high schools of Monticello, and Brown's Business College, Decatur, 111., and after secur- ing a iiractical knowledge of commercial meth- ods, was clerk and partner with his father for twelve years, later conducting a butcher shop for two years, after which he returned to his father for several years more. He then oiierated l:l() acres of the honiesteiid in Goose Creek Township, and continues to supervise this farm, although his i)hice of residence has always been at Monticello. In November, 1914. Mr. Smith was elected county treasurer of Piatt County, entering upon his four-year term on December 7 of that .vear.

On .lune 20, 180.5, Mr. Smith was married to Gertrude E. Kee, born at Monticello. a daughter of .Nathan E. and Emma (Hill) Kee, born in Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have one son, (Jordon Kee. Jlr. Smith belongs to the Knights of Pythias and the Sons of Veterans. He is a man of more than ordinary ability, of upright- ness of purpose, and is discharging the duties of his responsible olhce with efficient capability.

SMOCK, John H., whose progressive spirit is shown in his improvement of his agricultural

lu-operty and bis i lern methods of carrying

on his work, was born in Piatt County. HI.," No- vember 15, I.Sdl, on the farm in Monticello TowM.sbip owned Ijy his father, Samuel Smock.

.Tohn 11. Smock was reared in Monticello Townsliip .■ind sent to the schools in his dis- trict. In 1S0:{ he was married to Emma Hub- bart. liorn in Sangamon Townsliiii, a daughter of William and Frances (.\nderson) Ilubbart. Mr. and Mrs. Smock ba\e no children. They located on their present farm which they have owned since 1!I07. On it Mr. Smock has erected the barns and other outbuildings, and has thor-

oughly improved it according to modern ideas. In politics he is a Democrat, and for three years was a school director. His fraternal associa- tions arc with White Heath Cami> No. 2119, M. W. A.

SMOCK, Samuel, a pioneer, was for many years one of the important figures in the agri- cultural life of Piatt County, owning consider- able laud in Monticello Township, and playing his part in the growth, of his section. He was born in Ohio. November 14, 18.34, a son of Wil- liam and .Jane (Heath) Smock, of Ohio, who came to Piatt County in 1839, locating near -Monticello where they entered a large tract of laiKl. on xvbicb Samuel .Smock was reared. Here he attended the local .schools held in the primi- tive log cabins of the perio<l, and made the best of his opportunities.

On March 7. l.Slil. Samuel Smock was mar- ried to Marietta Hart, born along Camp Creek, Monticello Township. December 18, 1839, a daughter of James and Rebecca (Bradford) Hart, natives of North Carolina and South Car- olina, respectively, who were married in 1830 in Indiana, but later moved to Greene County, 111. In is:i5 the Hart family came to Monti- cello Townshl]), entering forty acres of land along Camp Creek, to which they added until they owned over 400 acres of land, on which Jlr. Hart died in 1)^81. Mrs. Hart resided with Mr. and Mrs. Smock until her death in 1.S8G. Mr. and Mrs. Hart had the following children: .Sarah. John Henry and Clarinda. who all died in cbildlux)d ; Eliza, who married William Har- ris, is now deceased: Mrs. Smock; and Martha, who marrieil Charles Plaster, and lives at Mont- rose. Col. Mr. and Mrs. Smock became the jiarents of the following children: John Henry, who lives in Montii-ello Township: .\da Augusta and Charles, who live with their mother; and Edwin, who die<l in 1894, aged fourteen years.

.\fter marriage. Mr. and Mrs. .Smock moved to an eighty-aci-e farm two miles east of Mon- ticello which his father gave them. On this there was a big house, but Samuel Smock soon replaced it by a better residence and improved the farm very materiall.v. The place now con- tains 280 acres in one body, and Mr. Smock continued to farm this until his death. March 24, 1911(1. lie also farmed another farm of 200 acres, also in Monticello Township, which was Mrs. Smock's father's old home farm. In poli- tics lie was a Democrat anil he .served as a school director. Jlrs. Smock is a member of the MetlKMlisf Church. .\lthough he has passed awa.v, Mr. Smock is kindly remembered and his former worth as a man and a citizen rec- ognized and appreciated.

SNYDER, William Galford, for a long time was one of the most respected and useful of Piatt Count.v's men. and his memory is cher- ished by those who had the privilege of bis clo.se acquaintance. He was born in Scioto County, Ohio, January 19, 1832. a .son of Mark V. and Elizabeth (Galford) Snyder, natives of '\'irglnla.

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

801

but of German descent. At an earl.v day in the liistory of the country, seven brothers bearing the name of Snyder located in Virginia, but later separated. The parents of William Gal- fwd Snyder went to Ohio, where the father be- came a tanner and shoemaker, and also carried on farming. His death occurred in Ohio. He and his wife had the following children : An- drew. Henry, James, all of whom are deceased ; Mark Y., who lives in Kansas; George; Abigail; Jane, who mari-ied William Smith, all three of whom are deceased ; Thomas, who resides in Scioto County, Ohio ; John, who lives In Kansas ; and William Galford, who was the third in order of birth.

William Galford Snyder resided with his par- ents until he was twenty -eight years old, and he was engaged in contlucting a saw-mill. In 1867 he went to Macoupin County, 111., and there, in October of that same year, he was married to Mai-y E. 'Weaver, a native of the same Ohio county as he. She died March 10, 1868, in Doug- las County, 111., to which they had moved after marriage. In the fall of 1868 Mr. Snyder came to Piatt County, and located in Unity Townsbiii. Here, on .January 14, 1872, he was united in mar- riage with Isabelle Miller, widow of Timothy B. Miller. Mr. and Mrs. Miller had one son, Hugh, who died at the age of two years. Mrs. Sn.vder is a daughter of Hugh and Janet (Martin) Rose. Mr. Rose was born in New York stite while his parents were traveling from Scotland to Pitts- burgh, Pa. Mrs. Rose was born in Scotland, and came to Pittsburgh, Pa., with her brother when nineteen years old. This brother. Dr. Alexan- der Martin, became president of DePanw Uni- versity. He had three brothers, namely : James Martin, who lived at Pittsburgh, Pa. ; William Martin, a farmer of Ohio ; John K., who became a successful fanner of Kansas ; and Margaret, who became Mrs. Noble, was also a resident of Kansas, where she died about 1898.

After bis second marriage, Mr. Suyder lived on his 200 acre farm in Unity Township, but later disposed of some of this property, so that now the farm contains 110 acres. This he farmed until 1887, when he retired and moved to Benient, where he bought property and there lived until his death. Febmary 3, lOOS. In the spring of 1889 he was elected police magistrate, and held that office for .some time. For four .years he vs'as supervisor, and was also highway conunissioner and school director in Unity Town- ship. During the Civil War, he enlisted for service in Conijiany G, Fifty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was first made corporal, and later sergeant. In 1862 he was commissioned a sec- ond lieutenant, and in 1863 became captain of his company. Still later he became ma.ior of the regiment. During his period of service, he was in eleven serious engagements including ■ those of Fort Donalson and Shiloh, being under General Grant's command, and Port Gibson, Champion's Hill, Black River Bridge, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Sabine Crossroads, and

Carrion Crow Bayeau, and was honorably dis- charged in November, 1865.

The children bom to Mr. and Mrs. Snyder were as follows : Ross Lee, who died at the age of three years ; twin sons who died in infancy ; Rose Loleta, who was educated in the common and high schools of Bement, and Ewing College. She was married October 31, 1906, to Luther E. Conway, who was a druggist at Hull, 111. After his death on May 20, 1908, she continued the drug business for two years, when she sold it. On February 7, 1916, at the home of her aunt, Mrs. Ella Kawins, Mrs. Conway was married to James William B. Stewart, the ceremony being performed by Re^•. Dr. Caward of the Normal I'ark Presbyterian Church. Mr. Stewart is as- sistant cashier of the First National Bank of Bement. Mrs. Stewart is very talented. She was the architect of the Bement postofflce, and furnished it on the interior according to govern- ment specifications, under the supervision of a government inspector. She is very prominent in Bement, belonging to the Woman's Club, of which she is vice president, and she is always appointed on important committees. Since 1012 she has been secretary of the local Eastern Star, and is a lady of social prominence and more than ordin- ary ability.

Mr. Snyder attended the old log house schools in Ohio, and in early life was himself a teacher. Mrs. Snyder attended the public schools of her native county. In religious faith Mr. Snyder was a Presbyterian. Politically he was a Dem- ocrat, and fraternally he was a Mason, having taken the Chapter degree. He was also an hon- ored member of the Camp post, G. A. R., at Bement. Mr. Snyder's life was an eventful one. He was a man who made man.v friends and he held the confidence and commanded the respect of all who knew him.

SPARKS, J. 0., was born in Ohio in 1820. and came to Bement in 1858 and became a mer- chant of that place. In 1851 he was married to Barbara Bradford and they had two children, namely : Mrs. J. Fred Kuajip, and Mrs. C. W. Piatt. Mr. Sparks Is a very prominent Mason, rising to be a Knight Templar.

SPEAR, Judge G. L., was born in New York in 1N23 and came to Piatt County in 1860, and there he was made postmaster of Bement, and was elected a police magistrate. He was a .iustice of the peace for eighteen years, and later was elected county .iudge. Judge Spear was also a farmer and school teacher. In 1844 he was married to Laura C. Segar, and she bore him two children, Emory and Laura. In 1858 Judge Spear was married (second) to Clarissa Abbey and they had two children, namely: Mrs. J. .\. Hardenbrook and Elmer E.

SPRAGUE, John Francis, who for sixteen year.s has been one of the leading business men of Bement. 111., in the line of grain, coal, salt and milling, has established a reputation as a good

802

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

:mii1 lielpfiil citiwii and a Ijusinoss man whose transactions have always been carried on in an honorable manner. He was born in Kirkwood, Mo., Septemlier 1, 1874. and is a son of E. B. and l'"idelia E. (Bryant) Spragne.

E. B. Sprague was born at Keene. Ohio, and was a young man when he came to Illinois, being engaged in liusiness at Bement with his father- in-law, Francis E. Bryant, the first merchant of this city, and the first master of the Srasonic lodge here. Mr. Br.vant was the owner of the jiroperty now occupied by his grandson, John F. Sprague. It is a historic place, because in what is now the front yard, arrangements were made toi the debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, the latter of whom was a close jjer.sonal friend of Mr. Bryant. In 18GG, K. B. Sprague went to St. Louis and there was interested in a wholesale commission business until 187(i, in which year he returned to Bement. Here he established himself as the proprietor of a grocery establishment, which he conducted until 1888, and then went to Kiverside, Cal., where he li\efl in retirement until 180fi, and where Mrs. Sprague died December 4. 1804. Mr. Sprague passed away June 1. lOOtj. There were two children in the family: John Francis: and H<hvin B., who is a fruit-grower of I'orterville, Cal.. married Maude E. Wells, and has two children. Helen and Everett.

John Francis Sprague attended the public schools of Bement. and entered upon his busi- ness career as a clerk in a grocer.v store at River- side. Cal.. where be remained for eight years. Wlu-n he returned to Bement, 111., he secured employment in the bank of II. L. Timmons. but after two years returned to mercantile lines and became clerk, and later manager, for the firm of Stockhouse & Burkes, at .Milndiie, III. Thus (M|iiipp('d. on Jidy 1, ]s".l!l, Mr. S|irague embarked ill business on his own account at Bement. start- ing in milling, grain, coal and salt, etc. His liiisiiicss has grown steadily under his ca]ial)le management .ind has now assumed the propor- tions of .-i necessary commercial adjunct. Mr. S|iragiie has interested himself in other enter- lirises. and is .at this time a diieitnr and stock- holder in the St.-ite Bank of Bement. In politics he is a Democrat. He lias ever shnwii an eager- ness to lie of use to his i-omniunity and he serveil I'.ciiK'Tit three terms or six years as m,-iyor. Fra- tciiiall.\. lie is .-irtiliatcd with the Masons :ind the Kni-hts oi' Tythias. His religi<iiis faith is thai of tlic I'rcsbytcri:Mi Clnircb. .-iiid since T.IOII he lias sei-M'd as a liieiiilier of llic lio.-ird of tni.stces.

Mr. .S]iragiie was married in October. IIHki. to Mi.ss Lily ^r. I-eck. wlio was born in Willow Ifr.inch Township. Piatt County. III.. d:uigliter or James and Kinily (Campbelll I'eik. Tolliis union has been born unc smi : I'.rv.-inl 1'.. Imivii December !i. 1!M1.

SPRINKLE, Simon, a prosperous farmer of S;iiiga;idii Tnuiisbip. who has done much to raise the standard of agricultural interests in this section. \\;is linni in Howard County, Md..

on April lit. 18.j5, a sou of Henry and Sarah ( Derr ( Sprinkle, who were born, reared and died in Maryland. After attending the common schools of his native state, Simon Sprinkle en- gaged in farming, so continuing until 1877, and in that .year he came to Piatt County, 111. For the succeeding two years he was engaged in working for fanners, and then he rented laud until 1881, At that time be bought 130 acres of his present farm in Sangamon Township, of which 100 acres was in the timber. With char- acteristic energy he liegan at once to clear off his land and made necessary improvements, and now has it all under cultivation. His success is all the more remarkable in that he had only fifty cents in money when he reached this county, and was witliout a friend in his new locality. However, he has developed a very valuable property through his own efforts, and he was forced to work hard to accomplish this for the growth on his land was heavy, and he cleared.it off all himself. He has always car- ried on general farming and stock-raising and is a large raiser of hogs, and also feeds, to a considerable extent, the same stock for the market.

In January, 1878, Mr. Sprinkle was married to Sarah Jane Derr, born in Carroll County, JId., a daughter of George W. and Sarah Ann (Sharer) Derr, natives of Maryland, who, in 18(n, came to Sangamon Township. In 188G they went to Nebraska, where the father died. The mother, who was born in 18:^0, resides at Woodward. Okla. Mr. ami Mrs. Sprinkle be- came the iiarents of the following children : Ida Ma.v, who is ilrs. Fred Swi.sher of Se.vniour, 111. : Katie, who is Mrs. John Wilson of Sanga- mon Township; Carrie, who is Mrs. Frank Wil- son of S.ingamon Township: Theodore H.. who also lives in Sanganion To'vnship: Nora, who is Mrs. William Hickman of White Heath. 111.: Bessie Viola and Samuel Edwin, who are both at home. Mrs. Sprinkle was educated in the public schools of Illinois. In politics Mr. Sprin- kle is a Democrat. .V man of standing in his conimnnity, his word has weight with his neigh- bors, and lie is an excellent representative of the successful fanners of Piatt County.

STEVENSON, Wilbur Fisk, wlio-c operations a* a farmer and business man entitle him to a place among the successful men of Piatt County, is one of the honored residents of Monticello. He w.is born in Scott Ctninty, Ky.. Xovember 12, 1S4L>. a son of Itev. I^an and Lydia (Boggs) Stevenson, natives of Scott County, K.v.. and Pickaway County. Ohio. They were married ill the latter county and .settled on one of its farms. In addition to conducting his farm, the father was editor of a publication issued by the Mcthoilisl Chnicli. and a preacher of its faith. In is.'iii lie moved to Benton County. Ind.. there .•iltcrn.itcil farming with prea<'liiiig. his clerical ilu'tics taking liini .-is far as Parkerslnirg. W. \'a. llis death occnrreil in Benton County in 1S7!), the motbi'i- liaving ilied the year before.

Williiir I'isk Stevenson attended the conimon

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

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schools iu Kentucky and Indiana, and in 1808 came to I'iatt County, 111., to work on the farm owned by his uncle, John Boggs, which com- prised 1,100 acres, all of which he sniierintciuled. In IS&l Mr. Stevenson inherited this estate, and continued to live upon it until Novemlier .1, is;il, when he moved to Monticello. Iu lSi>2 Mr. Stevenson sold his farm to S. W. Allison, and bought 500 acres of land near Bement, which he continues to superintend, and he also con- ducts a farm of 245 acres of land owned by his wife in Willow Branch Township. In addition he owns two sections of timber laud in Missis- sippi, and some valualile Monticello property in- cluding his residence, and block 17. Mr. Steven- son is a director in the Farmers State Bank.

In April, 1871, Mr. Stevenson was married to Alice Tall man, born in Pickaway County, Ohio, a daughter of Douglas and Susan (Morgan) Tallman of Pickaway County, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson became the parents of the fol- lowing children : Evan, who lives iu California : Ida, who is Mrs. W. H. Dilatush, of Memphis, Tenn. ; Lydia, who is Mrs. C. B. Caldwell, of Lincoln, 111. ; Laura, who is Mrs. J. W. Ayre, of Monticello; and Mary, who is Mrs. E. J. Haw- baker of Monticello. Mrs. Stevenson is a mem- ber of the Methodist Church. Mr. Stevenson is a Democrat and served Monticello as mayor for one term, was supervisor of the townshiji of Willow Branch for one term, and held the same office in Monticello Town.ship. For years he has been a nieml)er of Franklin Post, G. A. R. No. 256, he being a veteran of the Civil War, He enlisted on September IS, ISGl, for service iu defense of his countr.v in Company D, Tenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, at Lafayette, Ind., and par- ticipated in the engagements at Mill Spring, Perryville and Chickamauga, and was honorabl.y discharged in September, 1864. He was wounded at tlie battle of Chickamauga, September 19, 1863, which was his last engagement.

STICKLE, Daniel, who was born in Pennsyl- vania in 1N16, and was for many years an honored resident of Monticello. In 1851 Mr. Stickle came to Monticello and established the tirst general merchandise store at the county seat and conducted it for a time, then engaged in farming on 8.30 acres of land in Piatt County. In 1805 he returned to Monticello and lived there in retirement. He was married to Anna- bel Piatt in 1842. and their children were as follows : Charles, Susie, Richard, Mina. Anna, Nellie, and Kate. Mr. Stickle was iiostniaster of Monticello under President Bucbauan. and repre.sented his township on the county board. was the first mayor of Monticello, and in 1858 represented his district in the State Assembly.

TABOR, Thomas Milton, proprietor of a livory stable, and an exi«'rt trainer of horses, is one of the alert young business men of Bement. He was born in Hardin County, Ky., October »2, 1877, a son of Hiram and Emily (Neafus) Tabor, natives of Kentucky, Thomas M. Tabor at- tended the public schools until he was twenty

years old and then began to put into practical use his love for and knowledge of horses. This expertness iu handling horses assisted to de- velop him into a thorough trainer of saddle and harness horses, and on September 5, 1905, he came to Bement to train horses for the noted horseman, A. S. Burr, remaining with him until 1910. when Mr. Tabor bought a livery stable and branched out into a dealer anil trader in horse flesh. His business is a very large one, and many rely upon his judgment in .securing fine horses.

In December, 1891, Mr. Tabor was married in Iveutucky to Ellen AUison, a native of Kentucky, and they had one son, James Burton. Mrs. Tabor died July 2, 1903. On June 14, 1910, Mr. Tabor was married (second) to Ethel Ditty, who was born iu Piatt County, a daughter of Adam and Lucinda Ditty, natives of Piatt County, 111. Two children have been born of this marriage, namely : ^ilenn and Forrest. Mr. Tabor is a Democrat and served one term as collector of the township. Fraternally he belongs to the Kaights of PytWas, Odd Fellows, Mystic Work- ers, and Royal Order of Moose, and is very popular iu all. A man of unusual talents, he has turned them into a congenial business chan- nel, and has prospered accordingly.

TATMAN, Caleb A., one of the leading busi- ness men of Monticello, was born near Somerset, Perry County, Ohio, January 7, 1837, a 'son of Obediah and Jane (Thompson) Tatman, natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania, who moved to I'erry County, Ohio, after their marriage, and thence to Pickaway County, that state, coming to Monticello, 111., in 1848, arriving In this city in November of that .vear. They located on one of the farms owned by W. H. Piatt, and there the father died in October, 1854, the mother surviving until 1850. Their children were as follows: Jo.seph, Anna, Lornhamah, Caleb A., Joshua, Riley and Martha, who is Jlrs. Heury Fortney of New Sharon, Iowa, all of whom are deceased except Caleb A. and his sister, Mrs. Fortne.v.

.Vfter the death of his father. Caleb A. Tatman contiiuu'd to ojierate the farm for a year, and then in the autumn of 1855, went to Iowa and liought 120 acres of land, to which he took his mother. l)r()ther and sister. He also has two (piarter sections in Oklahoma which he rents, and at one time he had a full section there and also iu Iowa, hut these latter he has disposed of. Iu the spring of 1856, however, he returned to Piatt County, leaving his relatives behind him, and entered into business with William Ray, with whom he remained for a year. Once more he engaged in farming, operating on Friend's Creek, William Ray furnishing him with the necessary equipment, and in a year sold it to Mr. Tatman, who then bought eighty acres of land from Mr. Ray, that was located near Be- ment, 111., and continued farming. Mr. Bod- man held a mortgage on this land and when Mr. Ray died suddenly, his executors foreclosed

804

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

upon the proiierty. thus wiping out all Mr. Tat- man had gained.

Feeling the need of a better education, Mr. Tatniau then began attending school at Bement, under James I'atrick. and after eighteen months, in 1S03, came to Monticello and hav- ing secured a third grade certificate, taught a summer school in the Stringtown school. After teaching for four and one-half .vears, he se- cured a first grade certificate, and began teach- ing in the Monticello Intermediate department, thus continuing for two terms. He then was placed in the high school, and so continued until he was elected county superintendent of schools for Piatt County, serving from 1S09 to 1873. Although many would have felt that they had reached their goal, this was not the ease with Mr. Tatman. who applied himself during spare moments to the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1ST.".. Following this be opened an ottice with .Judge McKeynolds as his silent partner, and at the same time he embarked In a real-estate and loan business. After the death of Judge McReynolds. Mr. Tatman became the partner of A. T. Pipher. and while continu- ing this connection, Mr. Tatman prepared a set of abstract books for Piatt County. At the ex- piration of this partnership with Mr. Pipber, Mr. Tatman formed another with his brother RUey, under the name of Tatman & Tatman, which continued from ISTi) until the death or the latter in July, 1910.

In the meanwhile a Mr. Hennion of Hoboken. N. Y., came to Piatt County to look after some money affairs, and while at Monticello visited Dr. Coffin who recommended Mr. Tatman as a suitable jierson to take charge of Mr. Hennion's affairs at this place. A desirable arrangement was made, and through this connection Mr. Tatman became acquainted with the Greenage baidcpi-s of New York City who secured Mr. Tatman as their local agent. This association was maintained for many years. Mr. Tatman then invested in Illinois farm land to the extent of l..">00 acres of desirable projierty, and he is owner of stock in several Piatt County banks. In ISSl he organized the Piatt County Loan Association, which has been developed from a verv small beginning to its jiresent condi- tion with a capital stock of .$200,000, it being one of the best managed institutions in the state, and never has foreclosed nor resold any land. Mr. Tatman has been a director, chairman of the finance committee and attorney of this association from the lici-'inning. The electric light company of Monticello dejireciated to such an extent that Mr. Tatman was solicited by the stockholders to give it the benefit of his experience and business acumen, and In 1008 he took charge of affairs and reorganized it as a joint stock company with new officers. JFr. Tatman being made secretary and manager and served for five years, or until he had everything in good working condition. .Vfter it was recog- nized as the best for its size in the .state, a sale was made to the Illinois Traction System for .S2r,.0fiO. whicli jilaccd the stock at par. Fol-

lowing this fine stroke of business policy, Mr. Tatman retired and now occupies his time do- ing a little truck farming in which he taljes a deep interest as he is one of the best farmers in the state.

While residing in school township No. 18, .Mr. Tatman served as school treasurer for eight consecutive terms. He was connected with the Piatt County Agricultural Society from its be- ginning. He was appointed privilege man by l'>-ra Manpilss, Sr., and was later elected sec- retary and served continuously as such for twenty-two years. For six years he was a mem- ber of the State Board of Agriculture, and is one of the best informed men along agricultural lines to be found in this part of the country.

On February 10, 1809, Mr. Tatman was mar- ried to Caroline Godfrey Houselman of Monti- cello, a daughter of Godfrey and Anna (Tin- brook) Houselman, natives of Germany and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Tatman have two children, namely : Xellie and Eva, both of whom are at home. Mr. Tatman is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. He has taken all the degrees In Masonry, and be- longs to the Eastern Star and the Mystic Shrine. In politics he is a Republican.

TATMAN, Miles, one of the very successful far- mers of Sanganinn Township, whose judgment with regard to agricultural matters is unques- tioned, was born in Ohio, March 6, 1S55, a son of Amos and Xancy (Hardisty) Tatman, both natives of Ohio. In the fall of 1S6.5 the family came to Piatt County, 111., and for some time lived in various townships In the county, but eventually bought land In Sangamon Township. Miles Tatman was only ten years old when he was brought to Piatt Count.v. since which time he has been a resident of this section. His educational training was obtained in the public schools of the county, and he was taught farming by his father. Until he was twenty .vears old, Mr. Tatman lived with his parents, but then began working by the day and month for farmers. In 1.S80. he began farming on his own account on the Caldwell land in Sangamon Township, and since 1.S9I5 has handled from IGO to 200 acres of land annually, growing small grains and corn. For some years, until 1913, he was a heavy feeder of cattle, but since then has confined his stock operations to raising and feeding hogs, in which he does a large business. In June, 1S7T, Mr. Tatman was married to Margaret Kennedy, in Wilson Count.v, Kas. She was born in Piatt County. 111., March 23, lS(i2, a daughter of William and Mary Jane (Argo) Kennedy. Mr. Kennedy was born near Dum- fries, Scotland, while Mrs. Kennedy was born in Oliio. Mr. and Mrs. Tatman have had the following children : Fannie, who is Mrs. George Hall of Monticello, 111. : Nicholas William, who married Grace Caldwell of Sangamon Town- slii|i; and Cbarles. George Tlioraas and John .Vmos, who are all at home. In religious faith Mr. Tatman is a Methodist. A Democrat, he has been elected a school director by bis party

Z^/^^^^, /^//^y^

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

805

each year since 1914. A man of sincerity, lie impresses favorably those with whom he is brought into contact and stamls remarkably high with his neighbors.

TAYLOR, Charles, a successful business man and merchant at Mllmine, stands very high in Piatt County where he is well and favorably known. He was born in Willow Branch Township, this county, in 1863, and was educated in the schools of Bement, 111. As his life has been spent in this county, he is naturally a booster for its advancement in every way, and his efforts have been directed toward securing for his locality all the advantages possible. When he was only nineteen years old, Mr. Taylor began teaching school, for one year being at the Center school. For the subsequent three years he was the teacher of the Guilford school. In the mean- while he had taken a year's course at the Dan- ville Center College, and is a well informed, carefully educated man. Business however rather than professional life attracted him, and he left the schoolroom to establish himself in a store at Bement in partnership with A. C. Evans, but after a year he came to Milmine, and in ISOO formed a partnership with R. M. Shep- herd, and this association continued until 1894, when he bought his partner's interest and con- tinued alone for some time. He then bought an interest in a grain business owned by F. J. Phillips, but after two years, sold to return to merchandising in conjunction with his brother, Arb Taylor. A year later, Mr. Taylor bought out his brother, and has since kept the business in his own family, admitting his son, A. C. Taylor, into partnership in April. 1914.

Charles Taylor is a son of Elijah and Kath- erine (Peck) Taylor, the former born in Pick- away Count.v, Ohio, in 1835, came to Willow Branch Township, this county, in 1857, was married in 1861, and here bought 120 acres of land on which he lived until his death in 1887. The mother was born in Ohio in 1840, and was brought to Willow Branch Township by her parents when she was a child. She survives, still living on her farm.

In January, 1880, Charles Taylor was mar- ried to Mary Bi-andenburg, a daughter of Samuel and Addie (Haggard) Brandenburg, and their children have been as follows : Tlieo A., who is at home ; A. C, who is in business with his father, is married; and Ulla, who married Homer Rusk, lives with her father. In politics Mr. Taylor is a Democrat and under President Cleveland served Milmine as postmaster for five years, and for the past two years has held the same ofiice under President Wilson. He is a member of the Milmine Odd Fellows, and also belongs to the Milmine Camp No. 6248, M. W. A., while he is a Mason in high standing, being connected with the Cerro Gordo Lodge, A. F. & A. M., Bement Chapter, R. A. M., Monticello Council, Beaumanoir Commandery of Decatur, 111., and the Mystic Shrine of Springfield, 111. The family residence is owned by Mr. Taylor as well as are nine acres in Milmine. and 200

acres of farm land in Wayne County. 111. lie is one of the most progressixe men iif his sec- tion, and is recognized as a man of the utmost integrity and uprightness.

TERRILL, J. N., who was born in liidiiinii in 1818, came to Piatt County in 1S5(J. and during the Civil War he served his country as a sol- dier. He was married in Indiana to Sarah A. Sampson, and their children were as follows: Mrs. James Hunt. James. Jlrs. John Matthews, John, Mrs. Albert Grove, and Charles.

THOMSON, Robert M., wlio both in business and private life has proved himself an excellent cit- izen and trustworthy man, is engaged in a gen- eral blacksmithing business at Monticello. He was born in South Wigdenshire, Scotland, No- vember 5, 1871, a son of James and Elizalieth (Drysdale) Thomson, both of whom died in Scotland. In boyhood, Robert M. Thomson at- tended the common schools in his native land, and then learned blacksmithing. His parents wisely taught him habits of thrift and industiy which he lias never forgotten.

In August, 1888, Robert M. Thomson came to the United States, and for a time worked at his trade at Keota, Iowa. He was similarly engaged at various places until 1893, when he came to Monticello and for five years was with Harrington Bros. In 1898 he went into business for himself, and now carries on a general black- smithing and horse-shoeing business. In 1905 he built his present modern brick shop mth dimensions of 60x35 feet.

In 1901 Mr. Thomson was married to OUie Ellis, who was bom at Monticello. Tliey have one son. James. Mr. Thomson was reared in the faith of the Presbyterian Church. In poli- tics he is a Democrat. His fraternal affiliation is with the Modern Woodmen of America, and he is popular in tuat order, and is a man highly esteemed by all who know him.

THOMPSON, Samuel K., came to Piatt County from Macon County, HI., at an early day, and acquired 400 acres of land in Cerro Gordo Township, on which he was living at the time of his death in 1868. He was married to Mrs. Smith Stuart. A man of progressive ideas, he inaugurated on his farm a system of drainage that proved very successful.

TINDER, Asher W., was born in Virginia, and came to Piatt County in 18.53. He was married to Delilah C. Lewis and they had eight children, seven of whom came to Piatt County with them, the eldest going to California. For a number of years Mr. Tinder was a hotel man of Monti- cello and died in the brick hotel owned by J. C. Johnson, in 1860.

TIPPETT, J. C, editor, secretary and manager of the Piatt County Republican, is one of the men who are molding public opinion in this section, and proving every day the power of the Fourth Estate. In the city of Monticello where

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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

liis newspaper is imblished, he is a strong fac- tor in civic matters, and his advice is sought and his judgment relied upon by many who recognize his ability and l<uowledge. He was boru near White Heath, HI., January ?,, 1873, a son (if Rev. Cumberland and Helen C. (Heath) Tippett. natives of Ohio, and early settlers on White Heath's site. They located on land se- cured from the government, and the father operated it and attended to the duties connected with the Methodist ministry, as he was a preacher in that religious body. In October, 1875, the father fell from an apple tree, and death resulted from a broken neck. The mother died March IG. 1008. Their two children were: Florence, who is the wife of Dr. Herbert Truax, of Atlanta, Ga.. and together they are conducting. a sanitarium at that place; and J. C of Mon- ticello.

After attending the common and high schools of Mouticello, J. C. Tippett matriculated at the University of Illinois, and there completed his studies. In 1000 he was elected circuit clerk and recorder of Piatt County, and was reelected in 1904, serving until 1008. He served as mayor of Monticello during 1907, 1008 and 1009, and again in 1911 and 1913, and during his incum- bency in office some of the most important im- provements in the city were either Inaugurated, or carried to completion. During all this time he was in a fire insurance business, and was traveling auditor of books for officials in vari- ous parts of the countiy. Among other things he was voucher clerk of construction of the Western Railways & Light Co.. in northern Illi- nois during 1911 and 1012. He owns besides city property a farm of eighty-three acres in Sangamon Township. At one time he also rep- resented the house of II. D. Teters. dealers in books, stationery, pipes, tobaccos, and similar articles, having a wide and varied experience that has stood him in good stead since October 1, 1914, when he became secretary, manager and editor of the Piatt County Republican, of which C. A. Tatman is president and treasurer, and Allen F. Moore, vice president.

On October 5, 1898, ftlr. Tippett was mar- ried to Mattle I. Jamison, born at Monticello, a daughter of Mrs. Inez J. Bender of Decatur, 111. Mr. and Mrs. Tippett have the following children : Darrell and Herrick. They attend the Methodist Church. Fraternally Mr. Tippett is a Chapter Mason, Knight of Pythias and member of the Modern Woodmen of America. A live, alert, experienced man. Mr. Tippett is fully (pialitied for his work, and his future lies bright before him.

TOTTEN, A. M., a substantial farmer of Bemcnt Township, and a man widely and favorably known throughout Piatt County both on account of bis successful oiicniticms iilong an agricul- tural line, and his integrity as a man, was born in Morris Count.v. N. J., XIarcli 17, 1847, on the present site of Ironia. Ills father, Jeremiah Tottcn, was born in Kssex County, X. J.. July 20, 170.", and by occupation was a teamster.

His dcarii ucvnrred in his native state in 1S72. The miithei-. who bore the maiden name of Han- nah Price, was born in Essex County, X. J., in 1801, and she ditnl in the same state in 1881.

A. M. Totten came to Piatt County in 1870, locating in Bement Township, and rented land until 1870. but in that year he bought eighty acres in this same township, which he still owns, and in 1.881 bought eighty acres in Story County. Iowa. Mr. Totten has conducted his Bement Township farm and very successfully.

In 1871 Mr. Totten was united in marriage with Flora J. Swayne, a daughter of Evan H. and Mary (Sears) Swayne, natives of Bureau County, III. Mr. and Mrs. Totten became the p.uents (if the following children : Frank, who married Ellen Xighswander, resides at Ames, Iowa : George E., who married Augusta Ewald, resides at Pittsburgh, Pa. ; and Earl, who mar- ried Mabel Dyarman, has one son. Guy. Mr. Totten belongs to the Methodist Church of Be- ment. and is president of its board of tiiistees. For thirty years he has been a member of the lio:ird of trustees of the cemetery association of liis townsliiii. In politics he is a Democrat. His fraternal relations are with Bement Chap- ter Xo. 3(;.~i. Royal Arch Masons. Thoroughly trustworthy and reliable. Mr. Totten stands very high in the community he has served so long and faithfully.

TOTTEN, Earl Evan, a prosperous young farmer of Bement Township, belongs to one of the old and substantial families of Piatt County. He was born in Bement ToMUship in 1888, a son of A. M. and Flora (Swa.vne) Totten, na- tives of Xew Jersey and Piatt County, lU.. re- sjiectivel.v. When he was eighteen years old Earl E. Totten left school which he had been attending up to that time, and began assisting his father on the Bement Township liomestead which be is now ojieratiug. Since taking charge of the homestead he has made many improve- ments, and does his work according to modern methods. His eipiipnient is one of the best in the county, and he ranks among the most pro- gressive ai;ricnlturalists of this section. Among other modern agricultural machinery, he owns ,•1 tine far])} tractor.

On .Vpril 2(i. 1910. Mr. Totten was married to Mabel Dyarman. a daughter of B. E. and Lea iSpragne) Dyarman of Bement. Mr. and Mrs. Totten became the parents of two children, namely: .Vllen M., who died in infancy: and Guy E.. who is at borne. He belongs to the .Methodist church of Bement, and is secretary of the of- ficial board of that church. In jiolitics he is a Dennxrat. Fraternally he is a Mason, belong- ing to Bement Chapter Xo. .30.-j R. A. .M., and Bement Camp Xo. 194. M. W. A. I-ive, progres- sive, anxious to utilize every advantage mod- ern .science offers, he had advanced far already, and the future holds bright iirospects for him.

TRAXLER, Samuel Jacob, one of the large stock raisers of Ccrrn (Jordo Township, and a man widely known and highly respected, was born

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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

807

in this same townshij), August 11, 1870, a son of David and Anna (Aldorfer) Traxler, the former of whom was born in Ohio. After their marriage, w'hich took place in either Ohio or Indiana, the parents came to Piatt County, mail- ing the trip with wagons, and located at Mil- mine, in Cerro Gordo Township. They were on their way to Kansas but were forced to stop because of the Illness of one of the children. After his health had improved, they abandoned the proposed trip, and moved on the David Kuns farm, near Milmine. in Cerro Gordo Township. T'ntil able to buy land, the father rented, then in- vested in eighty acres for which he paid seven- teen dollars per aci-?. it being raw prairie land. This he broke and improved, and in order to properly drain it, after his day's work was done, he dug the necessary ditches to carry off the surplus witer. From time to time he added to liis acreage until he owned 400 acres of land in Cerro Gordo Township, and twenty acres just outside of the town of Messar, Ariz., and four acres in the town itself. The father died at Messar, in April, 1008. After the death of the mother in 1883, he was married (second) to Emma C. Mitchell, who died October 30. 1012. By his first marriage the father had the follow- ing children : Mary, who is Mrs. Clark Criss of Kolvomo, Ind. ; Frank, who resides at Ham- mond, 111. ; Fred, who lives at Plymouth, Wis. ; Eliza, who died in infancy ; George, who lives at Hammond, 111.; .Joseph, who is deceased; Elizabetli. who is Mrs. William Varner of Stroud, Okla. ; David, who lives in Cterro Gordo Township; Lydia, who Is Mrs. David Frantz of Oakland. Cal. ; Samuel J. ; and Delia, who died in Infancy. By his second marriage the father had two children, namely : Charles, who lives in Cerro Gordo Township, and Benjamin PI., who Is deceased.

Samuel J. Traxler attended the common .schools of Cerro Gordo Township, and remained with his parents until IfWl, when he rented eighty acres of land in Cerro Gordo Township from his father and lived on It for four years, at which time he bought the eighty acres on which he made many improvements. In 1913 he sold this for one hundred dollars per acre, more than he paid for it, and renteil his father's homestead for one .year, at the expiration of which time he bought It from his brother Fred. paying nearly .$250 per acre for it. In addition to the homestead he rents additional land so that he operates 480 acres, raising draft horses and hogs In large numbers, in addition to doing a general farming business and buying and sell- ing milch cows upon a heavy scale. His farm is known as the Lone Star Stock Farm.

On March 4, 1001. Mr. Tr.ixler was married at Montlcello to Sarah E. Phillips, born Oct. 2. ISSO, in Fnity Township, this county, a daughter of Andrew and Anna (Bowman) Phillips, natives of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Traxler became the parents of the following children : Anna Mary, born .January 0, 1902 ; David Andrew, born April 23, 1903; Nathan Earl, born May 11, 1905; Floyd Svlvestor, born

-November 27, 1907 ; Xelpho Orville. born No- vember «), 1011 ; Woodrow Wilson, born June 24, 1013; and an infant, born .July 27, loiu, who died when eleven days old. In politics he Is a Democrat, and has served as a school director. Mr. Traxler and family belong to the Chiircji or tlie Bretliren.

TRENCHARD, G. R., banker and farmer, was born at De Laud, February 14, 1S07, a sou of W. O. and Nancy (Lyons) Trenchard, natives of PittsHeld, N. Y., and County Clare, Ireland. They were married at Jack.sonvIlle, 111., and were on a farm In that neighborhood until the fall of 1805, when they came to Goose Creek Township, and the father hought land here. In 1S09 he moved to Champaign, 111., where he died in 1900, the mother having died In 1004.

G. R. Trenchard attended the schools in his district until he was of age, and then began working on the home farm, where he continued for four years. At that time he bought a farm In Goose Creek Township, and became one of the successful farmers of the county, and had other Interests as well. In 1001 he was one of the organizers of the First National Bank of De Land, which started with a capital stock of .i;2.5,00O, that has been increased until It is now $35,000, and there is a surplus of $20,000, For flive years after the organization of this bank, Mr. Trenchard was Its cashier, although he con- tinued his farming operations during that period. Upon resigning his official connection with the bank, he embarked in the real estate business, and carries on an extensive trade in land. Once more the stockholders of the bank called upon him, and in 1900 he was made its liresldent, which office he still hold,s.

On December 28. 1898, Mr. Trenchard was married to Lucy T. Thornton, born at Des .Moines. Iowa, a daughter of William and Fannie Thornton. Jlr. and Mrs. Trenchard have two children: Wendell B. and Mary L. Not only is Mr. Trenchard a member of the Chris- tian Church, but he is also one of its trustees. After completing a term as supervisor of Goose ("'reek Township, to which he was appointed in 1015, he was elected to the same office. Fra- ternally he belongs to the Masons, Knights of Pythias and Modern Woodmen of America, all of De Land. A man of sagacity and broad Ideas, he has not only succeeded himself, but carried others with him and brought al)out added pros- perity to his commnnity through his operations.

TRIGG, George W., furniture dealer and under- taker at De Land. Is one of the reliable busi- ness men of Piatt Couut.v. He was born In Pike County. 111., in January, 1858, a son of Charles and Susan (Folkes) Trigg, natives of Lincolnshire, England, who came to the United States in 1853. They stopped for a time at Griggsville, Pike County, 111., where the father was engaged in fanning, but he later trans- ferred his operations in this line to Greene County, and still later to Logan County, both in Illinois, and owned land in the latter countv

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

wlifie lie (lied la 1(K)2. The iiiotber passed away six montlis before the father.

IJuriug the winter mouths of his boyhood and youtli, George W. lYigg attended the common schools in his nei?hl)orhood. and remained with liis father until he was twenty-eifrht years old, wlien lie liei-'an farming in Logan County, upon rented land. A little later he embarked in a mercantile business at Beason. 111., and three years later lell there and b(iU','bt 100 acres of "land in (joose Creek Township. Piatt County. For the sulise<iuent seven years the conduct of his farm engrnssed bis attention, but be then rented bis farm and moved to De Laud where he bought a furniture store. As the demand incrcii.sed. he added other furnishings, and now outfits bouses completely. He also carries on an undertaking Imsiuess and his services are in denuind for he renders expert embalming and is thoroughly prepared to attend to the neces- sary rites that death compels.

In 1S!I2 Mr. Trigg was married to Addie (Jamlirell. who was horn in DeWitt County, 111., and died in Febiiiary, 1900. Mr. and Mrs. Trigg became the parents of the following chil- dren : Eva. who is Mrs. Ray Matthews, lives on her father's farm : Charles, who is in part- nership with his father: Willbim. who is at home: and Lora, who died in infancy. In June, 1!K12. Mr. Trigg was married (second) to Ida Troxell, liorn in Maryland, a daughter of Wil- liam and Mary (Stollemyer) Troxell. There are two children by this marriage, namely: Ivan and Irene, twins. Mr. Trigg is a Metho<list in religious faith, and Mrs. Trigg is a member of the Christian Church. A Re|iulilican in poli- tics, he has served on the school lioard for three years since coming to De Land. Fraternally Mr. Trigg belomis to the Knights of Pythias Xo. •Hja of De Lan<l. and Ltxlge No. S12, A. F. & .\. AL of the same place.

TRIMBY, Charles J., a substantial general farmer and stockraiser of Goose Creek Town- ship, is one of the leading agricultnralisis of Piatt County. He was born in this same town- ship, March l.S, 1877, a son of James \V. and Eliza A. (Morain) Trimby, natives of England and Goose Creek Township, Piatt County, 111., respectively. The grandparents, Henry Trimby, a native of England, and Jonathan M. and Xancy (Coon) Morain, natives of Ohio, were very early settlers of section 2S, Goose Creek Township. The maternal grandparents entered eighty acres of land, and added to it until they owned Gl,3 acres.

James W. Trimby and a sister, in 1SC5, joined relatives in Uement Township, and his j)arents followed a little later. .Vfter his mar- riage, he and Ills wife located on twenty acres of land In (Joose Creek Townsiiip, section 27, which lielonged to Mrs. Trimby. and to it Mr. Trimliy kept adding until he owned <>13 acres of land all in one piece. His death occurred March :{. 1!X».">, and following his death, his widow moved to Monticello. where she died in Febru- arv, ]!)H;. Their children were as follows:

Jennie, who is Mrs. Charles Beckett, of Goose Creek Township ; Charles J. ; Ella, who is Mrs. Winfonl Kenser, of Minnesota ; Bertha, who Is .Mrs. Albert Aldrich, of Willow Branch Town- ship: Elizabeth, who lives at Monticello; Myrtle, who is Mrs. John Woollver, lives on the homestead ; and Olive, who lives at Monticello.

Charles J. Trimby attended the Morain dis- trict school, and was taught farming in his boy- linod. In 1902 he began operating a threshing machine outfit and .so continued for six years, when he took 300 acres of the home fariu, and conducted it until the spring of 1913. At that time he went to Monticello and formed a part- nership witli E. A. Johnson for tlie purpose of conducting au implement business. After a year, C. Doss bought Mr. Johnson's interest, and Mr. Triuib.v and Mr. Doss remained together a year, when the latter bought out his iMirtner, .ind Mr. Trimby returned to his farm, where he has since been engaged in agricultural labors.

On January 211. l!Mi2, Mr. Trimby was married to Laura Floyd, horn Augu.st 9, 1879. a native of Kentucky, and they became the parents of three children, namely : uernice, born Febru- ary 10. 1903: Jame.s. born October 29, 190i; and Edith, born April 24. 1i;h17. Mrs. Trimby and the children belong to the Methodist Church. .V Kepuhlicau, Mr. Trimby served one term as a school director. Frateraally he, belongs to the De Land camp of Modern Woodmen of Amer- ica, and the Monticello lodge of Odd Fellows, .•ind is iioi)nlar in both.

TRYON, EUjah, came fiom Indiana to Piatt County in the early sixties and was a farmer of Inity Township until his death in 1874. He was married to Agnes Smith and they had two children, namely : Mrs. Samuel Welch and one who died early. Mr. Tryon was married (second) to Rebecca Sampson and they had one child. Mrs. Clarinda Hester. In 18(J9 Mr. Tryon was married (third) to Nancy Shaw and they bad two daughters, Dora and Lola May.

TUCKER, Mrs. Mary A., imc uf the highly respected rcsidont.s of P.cmeiit. the widow of Thomas J. Tucker, is hebl in high esteem by her neighbors for her many excellent (pialities. She was born in Warren County. Ind.. in 18(U, .1 daughter of John and Sarah (Kelly) Conway, natives of Ireland, where the mother was born in 182S. She die«l in P.ement, 111., in ls71, .Mr. and Mrs. Conway having come to I'iatt County in 180:;.

Mrs. Tucker was educated in the conunon schools of Hen\ent. but left school when still a girl to keep house for her widowed father. On October 1. ls.84. she was marrie<I to Tliomas J. Tucker, .i son of David M. and Nancy E. (I.yiunn) Tucker. David M. Tucker was born in Kentucky, and died in Hement in 1877. His mother, whose m.iidcn u.ime was Marguerite Forsythe. was liorn in Ireland, but died in In- diana. Thomas J. Tucker was born in Johnson County, Ind.. September 22. 1802. and came to Illinois with his parents, in 1808, they locating

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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

809

;it Bement. Here Mr. Tucker was educated, attending school until he attained his majority, when he began faruiiug in Bement Township. .\fter four years on rented land, he bought 100 acres of land in the same townshiii. and oper- ated it until 1013. In the spring of that year, on account of ill health, he retired to Bement, and there he died September 1, 101.5. Mr. and Mrs. Tuclcer became tlie parents of the follow- ing children : Anna, who married Gilbert Gor- don, and lives In Ohio; Catherine, who mar- ried Kdward Foran, lives in Ivesdale, 111.; Benjamin J., who li\ es on the homestead ; Eliza- beth, who lives at liome ; Kaymond, who is deceased ; and Agnes and Cecelia, both of whom are students in the Bement High school. Mrs. Tuclser is a member of the Catholic Cliurch of Bement. Mr. Tucker was a Kepul)lican. His fraternal afflliations were with Bement Camp Xo. 194, M. W. A., and Bement Masonic lodge. Mrs. Tucker owns IfiO acres of land in Bement Township ; 140 acres of lantl in ITuity Town- ship, and her residence at Bement, afld is man- aging her property wisely and profitobly. prov- ing her right to be accepted as an excellent business woman, as well as a kindly. Christian neighbor, and public-spirited resident of the city and county.

VANCE, St. Clair, M. D., wlio stands among the leading exponents of the medical profession at Bement, Is recognized as one of the skilled and able young practitioners of Piatt County. He was born at Bement, 111., March 29, 1882. a son of Dr. N. N. and Frances (Routh) Vance, na- tives of Springfield, Ky., and Cincinnati, Ohio. The father of Dr. Vance was also a physician and he was born at Newport, Ky., March 20, 1845, and was graduated from the Cincinnati Medical College. Coming to Piatt County after a year spent in a hospital in Indianapolis, the elder Dr. Vance established himself in a general practice at Cerro Gordo, but later moved to Bement where he formed a professional partner- ship with Dr. Leal, which continued until the death of the latter when Dr. Vance continued alone until 191.3. In that year he was stricken with disease and died May 10, 101(1. His prac- tice was a very large one. and his former iia- tients held him in the highest esteem and affection. The marriage of Dr. and Mrs. Vance took place December 24, 1872. She was born .January 6, 1850. and was a daughter of .lames W. and Margaret (Ferguson) Ronth, the former born in Randolph County, N. C, August 9. 181.", and the latter in Bedford County, Va., Se|)tom- ber 24, 1819. .Tames W. Routh was also a physi- cian and he and his wife were married October 1, 18.39, before he had taken his medical cour.se. For years he was established in practice at Terre Haute, lud.. and later at Springfield, 111., finally locating at Decatur. 111. During the Civil War he served his country as a surgeon. The children of Dr. and Mrs. Routh were as follows: Dr. .Tames W.. who was a surgeon during the Civil War. is now deceased ; Dr. George Edward, who is a physician of St. Paul,

Minn. ; Walter Winbourne, who was also a pliysician, is now deceased ; Mrs. Vance, who was the youngest. Dr. N. N. Vance and his wife had the following children : Walter Noble, who was born February 22, 1S74, was graduated from tlie University of Illinois as an electrical engineer, and is now chief engineer and vice president of the Durand Steel Locker Company of Chicago Heights, 111., but during the Spauish- Auierican War served as chief electrician on the tlag shiii Pliiladel|ihia ; William Baker, who was liorn in August. 1875, was in the Third Missis- sippi Volunteer Infantry as corporal during the Spanish-American War, is now in the Postal service in Seattle ; Harvey Marshall, M. D., who was born March 3, 1878, is a physician of Pleasant Grove, Utah ; Dr. James St. Clair, whose name heads this review ; and George Edward, who was born September 19, 1887, lives at Decatur, 111., and is a railway engineer. George Vance was employed as a railway engi- neer by the Government, at Panama, for three years. The Vance family belong to the Presby- terian Church. The elder Dr. Vance was a Mason and held many offices in his order. He held to the principles of the Republican party. Mrs. Vance is a member of the Woman's Club of Bement, and the Eastern Star of the same place.

Dr. St. Clair Vance entered the Northwestern Medical College of Chicago, after completing his courses in the local schools, and served as in- terne in the Evanston Hospital and the Amer- ican Hospital. For two years he was in the employ of the Government as physician and surgeon at the Ancon Hospital at Panama. During 1913 and 1914 he was engaged in an active practice at Chicago, but in ,Tuly, 1915, came back to Bement, and since then has been carrying on a large practice.

On September 17, 1913, Dr. Vance was mar- ried to Mary E. Gummerson. born at Sudbury, Mass., a daughter of W. R. and Marian Augusta (.Tones) Gummerson, natives of Massachusetts. Dr. and Mrs. Vance have a daughter, Barbara, who was born December 0, 1914. In religious faith Dr. Vance is a Presbyterian.

VANDONGEN, Peter T., dealer in Cerro Gordo and Decatur city realty, and Piatt County farm land, and a Iniyer and shipper of livestock, is one of the pi-o^'i-cssive and successful business men of Cciro Gi.rdo, whose experience and prac- tical knowlccl^'c nialie him a leading factor in the coniiiicrciiil life of tlie city. He was bora at Morris. (Jnuuly County. HI., March 2, 18.57, a son of .Toseiih and Bridget (Kane) VanDongen, natives of Antwerp. Belgium, and Ireland, re- spectively. ■ They were married at Dunkirk, N. Y., and came to Morris, 111., where they kept a hotel for a few years, and then moved to Dan- ville. 111., and were in business there for a time. Following that they went to Decatur. 111., where tliey continued in business, going from there to Taylorville. 111., where after a year they went to JIacon County, 111., and eon- ducted a grocery and had other interests for

810

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

five years. Still liiti-r the.v went to Detatur, where the father worked by the day, and then went to Long Creek Townshlii, Macon County, where the ftither died in Feliruary. l'J02. The mother survives, and makes lier homo with her son, I'eter T.

Peter T. VanDongen attended the eomnion and lii^h schools of Decatur, and when only twelve years old hejian workiuf; for E. McClel- land, remaiiiing for ei;:ht years, during which period he was also employeil for one year in the ollice of Mr. McClelland who was then cir- cuit clerk of Macon Cfmnty. lie then went on a farm in Long Creek Township, hut two years later returned for two years more in the employ of Mr. McClelland. ( iim |. more he went to work for his father. Mr. Van] )oiig('n then engaged in general farming f(jr aljuut fourteen years, when he moved on a farm of H>0 acres five miles southeast of Cerro Gordo, in the township of that nanie. There he continued farming for nine years, and then renting his farm moved to Cerro Gordo where he went into a general real estate business and also buys and shii>s large quantities of livestock, including horses, cattle and hogs.

In Fehruar.v. lS8."i. Mr. VanDongeti was mar- ried to r!(>rtha Krout. born in Fairfield County. Ohio, a daughter of .Tohn and ITann.ih nVnne- baker) Krout. natives of Fairfield Countj". Ohio, who came to Macon Count.v, 111., in 1S74. locat- ing on a f;ii-m of 220 acres where the mother is now residing. Mr. and Mrs. VanDongen have had the following children : Joseph, who was killeil by lightning M.-iy 2."i. 1004. when he was about nineteen years old. having been born December !). 18Sr>; Clara, who was born April 20, 1887, and lives on her father's farm ; and Crea. who was born May K', ISSO. is also at home. Jlr. VanDongen is a Republican and served as a school director for ten years. He belongs to Cerro C.ordo Lodge Xo. TOO. A. F. & A. M. ; Cerro Gordo Lodge Xo. 347. I. O. O. F. ; and Decatur IxKlge of Moose Xo. 6,84. Mrs. Van- Dongen was educated in the district and high schools. In religious faith she is a Methodist. A man of sound principles and good business judgment. Mr. VanDongen has forged ahead, and hi.s success is well merited.

VAN VICKLE, Henry, who not only is one of the besi known building contractors of De I>and, but also the (jlilcst engaged in this line of bn.si- ness in I'iatt County, was born in Ohio, March .SO, 1844, a son of Daniel and Martha (Clark) Van Vickie, who were born, reared, lived and passed awa.v in Ohio.

During a boyhood which was filled with hard work and very little schooling. Henry Van Vickie was taught a love for his country, and these lessons in patriotism came to fruition in his enlistment for service during the Civil War in .January. ls('i4. in Company .\. Xinetieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. From then until December 1.". 18(i4. when he was wounded by .a gunshot wound in the left leg. .Mt the battle of Xasbville. My \ai\ ^'icUlc i.iirti.ipatod in the

Georgia campaign under General Sherman. His honorable discharge is dated July 12, 18C5, at Camp Denison, Ohio, and following his obtaining it. he returned to his farm home. For the subsequent two years he remained there, but, in February. 1SC)7. he came to Illinois, and for a .vear attended school at Monticello. After work- ing for farmers for a time, he farmed on his own account for seven years, and then in 1884 began learning the carpenter trade and was with J. .\. Canqibell until lOl-'!, when he left him to engage in a general contracting business of his own. In addition to taking contracts for building, he also carries on a painting and Iiajierhanging business, and has executed some very imjiortant contracts in this line. He owns a tine home in De Land and some land in l-'lorida.

On February 10, 1885, Mr. Van Vickie was married to Emma .\. Anderson, born in Piatt County, III., in 18."jG. a daughter of William and Jane .Vnderson, natives of Ross County, Ohio. Mr. .\nderson died in 1910, and Mrs. Anderson lives at Monticello. Mr. and Mrs. Van Vickie have one daughter. Clarett. who is Mrs. Hardin of Monticello. For some years Mr. Van ^'ickle has attended the Methodist Church. In politics he is a Republican, and he served as tax col- lector of Goose Creek Township for three years. Franklin Post, G. A. R. of Monticello, holds his nieniber.ship and he en.io.vs meeting his old com- rades at the i-eunlons. A man of excellent busi- ness ability, Mr. Van Vickie has honestly earned his present position, and is held in high esteem by those who know him.

VENT, James T. The Vent family is one of the lioiiore<I and well known ones of Piatt Comity, .ill of lis reiiresentatives being desirable addi- tions to an.v conniumity in which the.v may see fit to locate One of the members of this fam- ily is James T. Vent, now living retired at Jlon- liccllo. but for a nuujber of years very active in .-igricultural matters in Piatt Comity. He was liorii in Pickawa.v Count.v. Ohio. May .SO. bs;!S. a son of John White and Sarah (Gray) Vent. The father, a native of I^elaware, went to Ohio in 18MII. where he engageil in farming. -Vfter losing the mother of his children, by ileath. he moved from Pickaway County to Mad- ison County. Ohio.

James T. Vent attended both subscription and public .-schools, and in 18.'iS. with his brother. William W.. he went to Marion County. 111., and in IS.'iO. came to Monticello. Piatt Count.v. Here he did farm work by the month for five years, and at the same time was in partner- ship with his brother in a farming venture. Marrying in. 18(;.">. James T. Vent rented land for two years aftei'ward. and then built a resi- dence on an eighty acre farm his wife obtaineil from her father, in Willow Branch Township. To this jiroiierty. Mr. Vent kept on adding until Ihere is now 240 acres in the homestead. On it he carried on a stock buisness. raising, buying and feeding hogs and cattle. On Xovember 12. 1M14. he rented out bis farm, and moved to

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

811

Mouticello where he lives retired, although he supervises the improvements he makes from time to time on his property. Mr. \'ent lias also bought and sold land in the Northwest and Mis- sissipjii, although his homestead is all the farm land he retains. In 190S he built a moderti resi- dence in Monticello, and in it is enjoying well earned rest.

In February. l.SO.">. Mr. Vent was married to Eliiiabetli Ater. born in Ross County, Ohio, a daughter of Jnnies and Sabina (Thomas) Ater, natives of Virginia, who came from Ohio to Piatt County in 18.51. Mrs. Veut was educated in the Piatt County district schools. The chil- dren born to Mr. and Mrs. Vent are as fol- lows : John W.. who lives at Cerro Gordo, 111. ; Viola, who is Jlrs. .John E. Warehime. of Wil- low Branch Township; Charity P>.. who lives at .Jacksonville, 111.: .Tames A., who lives at Ham- mond, 111.; Lizzie, who is Mrs. C. IC. Smith of Monticello. IIJ. ; and .Sabinn .T.. who is at home. In religious' faith the faniily are Methodists.

Mr. Vent served as commissioner of liigh- ways, and was on the school board for twenty- flve years. From 181)4 to 18!)s he was deputy sheriff. In |iolitics he suiiports the jirinciples of the Rei)ulilican part.v. Fraternally he is a Chapter Mason, and belongs to the Eastern Star, of which :\[rs. Vent is also a member. He has served as master of the comity Grange, and dime much to advance the cause of agriculture. His financial interests are large, and he is a direc- tor of the llnmniiiiid Hank, and a stockholder of the Moore Stiite I'aiik. With such a record of acbipvemenf liehind him. Mr. Vent can well afford to rest upon his buirels. but he does not relax his interest in civic affairs, and gives a hearty and effective support to tho.'^e measures that come u]! to which he can conscientiously give Iiis ain rciv.-il.

VENT, John W., cashier of the State Bank of Cerro (Jordo. and a man of unblemished integ- rity and strong personality, is one in whom implicit trust is reposed, not only by his asso- ciates in the hanking business, but the com- munity at large. Mr. A'^ent was born in Willow Branch Townshi|i. February 11. 18G6. a son of James T. and Elizabeth (Ater) Vent, natives of Ross County and Pickaway County. Ohio. They were married in Illinois, to which he had come upon .-ittaining his majority, while she had lieen brought to this state by her parents. James and Sabina (Thomas) Ater. After their mar- riage James T. Vent and his wife located on a farm in Willow Branch Towushiii, but since 189G the.v have been residing at Alonticello, he having retired from agricultural labors. For four years he served as deputy sheriff under Sheriff C. E. Shivel.v.

John W. Vent attended the local schools of his township, and during the winter of 1889- 90, he took a commercial course in the Spring- field (111.) Business College. After returning from SprLngfleld, he went to Mouticello, leav- ing the farm work In which he had hitherto been engaged, and was a bookkeeper and sales-

man for I. X. Darr. From 1894 to 189(i Mr. Vent was in an implement business with his brother, James A., but sold, and in October, 1897. he came to Cerro Gordo to become book- keeper for the State Bank of this place. His ability had received rec-ognition by his promo- tion, in 1901, to the position of assistant cashier, although he continued to keeii the books under his personal supervision, and in 1913 he was made cashier, which jiosition he still holds. The State Bank of Cerro Gordo was organized in 18iH witli John N. Dighton as president, Frank Dilatush as vice president, and Melvin Welty as cashier, with a capital stock of !f25,000. In 1903 the capital stock was increased to .$."iO,000, and the surplus is $30,000.

On December 30, 1891, Mr. Vent was married to Emma F. Campbell, a daughter of James E. and Nancy J. (Gibson) Campbell. Mrs. Vent died November 11, 1901. On February 8, 190.5, Mr. Veut was married (second) to Christine K. Wehliug, born In Indianapolis, Ind. Mr. Vent has no children. For twelve years he served as a trustee of Cerm Gordo, and for four years of that time was president of the lioard. In jiolitics he is a Iteimblican. Fraternally he be- longs to Cerro Gordo Lodge No. COO, A. F. & A. M., and the Modern Woodmen of America, Monticello Camp No. 346. Conservative and careful, Mr. A'eut is well fitted for the respon- sibilities of his position, and is proving himself :i man of large aft'airs.

WACK, Casper, was born in 1S12 and came to I'iatt County in 1868, buying 160 acres of land in Sangamon Township, which he Improved to a considerable extent, and there he died in 1881. He was married to Mary .lane Lina- bery, and their children were as follows: Wil liam G., Sarah Ann, Letitia, Jacob, Caroline, Abigail, George L., Casper, Francis, and after the death of his first wife, Casper Wack, Sr., was married (second) to L. Ann Wyckoff who survived him.

WALSH, James B., \\ Im was for very many years a forceful figure in the histoiy of Piatt County, and at Monticello, as elsewhere in tliis section, he is remembered as a man of sterling characteristics, and an upright manner of deal- ing. He w.-is born in Guernsey County, Ohio, December 16. 1827. a son of Thomas and Eliza- beth (Bolinger) AValsh. The father was born in England. When he was seventeen years old he came to Virginia with his parents. Ho was married in Maryland, where the mother was born, and soon thereafter went to Ohio where the father developed valuable farming prop- erties.

.Tames B. Walsh was reared in Ohio, and on May 23, 1847, he was married at Mt. Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, to Catherine Long, who was born in Knox County, Ohio, Jlay 2.". 1827, a daughter of John and Nancy (Iveplar) Long, born near Morrison's Cove, Pa., in Bedford Count.v. Mr. Long was of English descent, while Mrs. Long came of Swedish ancestors.

812

HISTORY OP PIATT COUNTY.

After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Walsli reiuaiuetl in Knox Count.v until 18.>1 when tlie.v came to Illinois and spent fifteen years in Fulton Count.v. Tbe.v tlien went to Crawford County, 111., but in ()(tol)er, ].S77, came to Montlcello, where Mr. Walsh became a general contractor and builder. Ho put up some of the principal Iniihlings in this vicinit.v.

In December, ISOS. Mr. Walsh enlisted for service in the Civil War, in the T\velfth Cav- alr.v, at Kirl<wond, Warren Count.v, 111., and was lionorabl.v discharged at Galveston, Tex., in the summer of IStJO. His son, .Tames C, was also a soldier in the s;imc regiment. The famlly has a notable war record, for Mrs. Walsh's grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. and two cousins and two lirother-in-laws of hers served in the Mex- ican War. Herbert Walsh, a grandson, was a soldier in the Spanish-.Vmeriean War, and an- other grandson later served on the Mexican border. Mrs. Walsh had four lirothers in the Civil War. one lieing killed at the Iiattle of Jonesboro. Tenn.

Mr. Walsh died October 2,3, 1903. For some years prior to his death he was a Illinois State veterinary surgeon. Mr. and Mrs. Walsh had the following children : James C. who lives at Decatur. 111. ; Sarah, who died at the age of thirty-eight years, was Mrs. fieorcre Wilson, of Decatur. 111.: Mary .\nn, who is Mrs. Benjamin Peters, of Greenup, 111. ; Lemuel D.. who lives at Jfillard, Xeb. ; Emily M.. who is Mrs. Edwin Curtis, a widow, who lives at Tuscola, 111. : .Ternsha. who was Mr.s. George Curtis, is de- eea.sed: Lilas B.. who married .John Rchofleld. is now deceased, John Schofield being a nephew of General Schofield, a Civil War hero: Lena, who is Mrs. Cas.slus Curtis, of Indianapolis, Ind. : Charles Clinton, who lives at San Angelo, Tex. : .\nnie G. Muzz.v, who is deceasetl: Charles Fremont, who is deceased ; Elmer E.. who lives in .\ugusta. Mich. ; Jennie .\rabelle. who is Mrs. Kennedy McCool. of Decatur, 111. : and Armenia Estell. who is her mother's companion.

In 1!)08 Mrs. Walsh built a modern frame res- idence at Montlcello where she and her daugh- ter now reside. Mr. Walsh attended the common schools of Ohio, but Mrs. Walsh was not given any educational advantages, and while her husband was away at the front during his army service, she at first was not able to com- municate with him i>ersonally. However she was very ambitious, and taught herself to read and write so that she could keep in touch with her soldier husband and son. a most commend- able undertaking. During her long life she has had many trials, but has borne them with Chris- tian fortitude, and belongs to the old Dunkard faith. Mr. Walsh was a Baptist. His political convictions made him a Republican, and he be- longed to the local G. A. R.

WALSH, Michael F., a prosperous general farm- er and st(ickraiser of Montlcello Township, is nnc o|' the best examples Piatt County af- fords of tlic Mioilern agriculturalist who has

devek>)>ed himself by steady adherence to one line of endeavor. He was horn in Madison County, 111., in November, 1868, a son of Tliomas and Bridget (Carroll) Walsh, natives of County I,imerick, Ireland, and New York state, respec- tively. Thomas Walsh and his wife, the latter a daughter of Michael Carroll, a native of Ire- land, lived for sixteen years following their marriage on a farm in Madison County, 111., but then went to Morgan County, the same state, and there the father continued farming until 1S7!I, then moved to Champaign County, where he farmed until his death in March. 1900, being eiglit.v-six years of age. The mother survives .md lives at Ive.sdale, 111.

I'ntil 1807 Micliael F. Walsh lived with his parents, during which time he attended the district schools, and learned to be a thorough farmer. From 1807 to 1007 he operate*! his father's farm in Champaign County. 111., and tlien bought IfiO acres of land in Slonticello Townshi]), Piatt County. For two years he Worked improving the property, selling it at a profit, and then investing in 380 acres of land on which he now resides. This farm is in a high state of cultivation and well improved, and Mr, Walsh carries on his general farming and stock- raising according to the most approved methods.

In October. 1897, Mr, Walsh was married to .Vnna Carey, born in La Salle County, 111., a daughter of John and Mary (Cannon) Carey, natives of Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. WaLsh became the parents of the following children: Carroll, who died at the age of four years : and Edna Marie, Margaret Beatrice and Thomas Vincent, who are at home. For some years Mr. Walsh has been a consistent member of St. Joseph's Catholic Church at Ivesdale. For nine years lie served as a memlier of the Like Fork Drain- age Commission, has been a school director and Ii.as held other offices, being elected on the Re- pnlilican ticket, .-is he is an earnest supporter ol' tile i>rinri]ilcs nf that |)arty.

WARD, Christopher R., M. D., one of the early liliysici:uis of Mnnticclld. was born in Virginia, .Vugust (1. INW. and came tn Montlcello in 1845, and he continued in an active practice until 1N70. when ill health compelled his retirement, and he died .\pril 22, 1881. He was married in 1832 to Miss Elizabeth Hobbs and they had one son. T. G. She died and he was married (sec- ond) to Nancy Somerville. and they had the following children : John, Serepta, Mary, and Martha. During the early years Doctor 'rt'ard's liractice extended from Sadorus Grove to Friend's Creek, and Mackville to Mahomet, or for fifteen miles from Montlcello in all direc- tions. His remains were interred in the beau- tiful Montlcello Cemetery.

WARD, William B., who for a number of years was iironnnently associated with various inter- ests of Piatt Count.v, but is now deceased, was typical of the best citizenship of the state. He was liorn in Marion County. Ind., August 22, 1.847. a sun nf Rufus and Clementine (Alex-

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

813

andei') Ward, natives of Kentucky. In addi- tion to owning and operating a farm, the father was a physician and was engaged in an active practice for many years.

After completing liis education in the com- mon schools of his native place, William B. Ward engaged in farming, and was so engaged in Hiuitington and Monroe counties, both in Indiana. In 1871 he came to Illinois, locating in Bement Township, where he continued farm- ing. He was also connected with a station of the Waba-sh Railroad for fifteen years, and at the time of his demise was in a grocery store with his sons, being a business man of ability. His death occurred September 1.3, 1910, since which date Mrs. Ward has resided in the city of Bement in a beautiful home her husband erected.

On December 24. IS&i, William B. Ward was married to Sarah A. Morrow, born in .TeCferson County, Ohio, a daughter of William and Ann (Taylor) Morrow, natives of Ireland and Vir- ginia. Mr. Morrow was a farmer of Ohio and Indiana, and in ISOS moved to Bement, 111. He died in 1870, and Mrs. Morrow survived him until P'ebruary, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Ward be- came the parents of the following children : Charles E., who resides at Decatur, 111., mar- ried Naomi Dfeitz and they have two sons, Joseph Lynn, and William Deitz ; Ettie May, who died at the age of sixteen years ; and Aus- tin Seward, who conducts a general store at Bement, married Nettie Ball, they had one son, Raymond Lynn, and she died November 22, im."). .Mr. Ward was a member of the Christian Churcb, but Mrs. Ward belongs to the Presby- terian Cluirch. In politics Mr. Ward was "a Republican and took a deep interest in party matters. Fraternally he belonged to the Mod- ern Wooduien of .\merica and the Order of Ben Hur. A man of sound principles and tireless energy, he kept himself occupied as long as he lived, and always uiiheld wliat he believed to he right, so set ;ni excellent example tn those aliout bini.

WARNER, Jesse W., one of the substantial re- tired farmers of Monticello. whose agricultural operations in former years were conducted upon an extensive scale, was one of the lending men of Piatt County. He was born in Ross County, Ohio. December 16, 1827, and died at his honie in Jlonticello, 111.. October 18, 1010. He wis a son of George and Delilah (Olery) Warner, natives of Pennsylvania. When he was nine- teen .years old, the father went to Ross County. Ohio, where he was married, and resided there until the spring of 1832, at which time he moved to Pickaway County. Ohio. There his death occ-urred aliout 1844. The mother lived with her sons until her death in 1876.

In 18.52 they came to Monticello and .Jesse W. Warner wnrl;ed for farmers during the sum- mer months. Later he l)egan feeding and ship- ping cattle, hogs and sheep, so continuing un- til December 11, 18.56, when he was seriously

injured. He was in the caboo.se of a train running down grade near Loclvport, N. Y., while taking care of u shipment of hogs from Iowa to New York City. The train became uncou- pled and he «as thrown out and his right arm so In.iui'ert as to necessitate its amputation at tlie shoulder. After his recovery, he returned home and conducted a ditching machine during tlie suiiuuer seasons for three years, when, in con.iuiictiou with A. Fisher, he began feeding cattle. This partnership was dissolved in 1864, anil Mr. Warner bought a farm of 2W7V^ acres in Goose Creek Township, and began farming. From time to time he added to his holdings until he owned 507 acres of land and also owned 167 acres more which he gave to his daughter. In inO!> he retired to Monticello, although he re- tained ills farming property.

In 1S7:') Mr. Warner was married to Katie Shnltz. born in Virginia, a daughter of William and M;iry Shultz, and they had one son, Wil- liam. wl'O died in infancy. Mrs. Warner died in September, 187.5. On January 6. 1878, Mr. Warner was married (second) to Louie Con- nor, liorn at South Bloomfield. Ohio, a daugh- ter of .\bner and Rachel (Motherspaw) Connor, natives of Virginia and Ohio, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Warner became the parents of the, following children : Ollie, who is Mrs. James Miner, of Goose Creek Township ; Edward, who is a resident of Goose Creek Township; Luella, who is Jlrs. Ben.i'amin Cole, of Goose Creek Townsiiip; and Lena, who is at home. Until he was injured, Mr. Warner had had no edu- cation;il advantages, but then attended the schools of Goose Creek Township for three win- ters, and made the best of his opportunities. He was a Democrat and satisfactorily held a number of township offices. Fraternally he be- longed to the Odd Fellows. .\ man of unflinch- ing integrity, and tireless energy, be ix-rsevered and forged his way to the front, not allowing bis accident to hamper or discourage him in any way, and his success was all the more to his credit liecause of the fact that for many years lie suffered from a tllsabllity that might have deterred others from making further effort.

WATTS, Charles, who was born March 25, 1835, in Vermont, died at Monticello February 4, 1875. He came to Monticello about 1855. and became one of the most successful of Piatt County's law.vers. In 1858 he was married to Lodosky Spencer, and their four children who lived to maturity were as follows : Willie E., Charles P., Lena M. and Harry S.

WEBB, Richard, was born in Kentucky in 1799 and came to Piatt County in 1833, a portion of the farm he entered being over the county line. During his later years he resided at Parmer City. In 1828 he was married to Het- tie E. Watson, and they had a large family. After the death of his first wife. Mr. Webb was married (second) to Mrs. Elizabeth Anderson, and they had four children.

814

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

WELLS, I. M., M. D., om- of tlie t-ailier pliysi- cians of Kliie Ridge Township, was engaged iu an active iiractice at Maustield for a number of years. lie was born in I'eunsj'lvania in 1814 and came to Piatt County in 1S72. • In 1S41 he was married to Elizabeth Penrose, who died, leaving one daughter. Mrs. Hugli McDon- ald. Doctor Wells was married (second) to Susan Miller, and they had three children, namely: Edwina. Eudora and Berletta. Dur- ing the Civil War Doctor AVells served in the Union Arra.v as a soldier. lie was a justice of the peace for a number of years.

WEST, John, came to Piatt County hi 1835, and acquired about 1.200 acres of land, principally in Willow Branch Township. At his death he left each of his children 300 acres of land. He was married five times. In religious faith he was a T'niver.salist.

WHEELER, Isaiah, whose place of residence is at Cerro tiordo. although his duties as traveling colonizer for the Union Pacific Railroad Com- pany tjiUe him away from home a portion of the time, is well known in Piatt County. He was born in Oakley Township. Macon County, 111., in November. lS(i(i, a son of John K. and Xancy (liudgen) Wlieeler. natives of Louis- ville. Ky. They came to Macon County, 111., when young, and were there married.

Kollowing the death of his mother. Isaiah Wheeler live<I with a sister. Mrs. .John E. Huff, of Oakley. 111., remaining on the farm until twenty-three years of age. When he was eight- een years old he began farming, but soon there- after t(K>k a trip to Walla Walla. Wa.sh.. and spent a .vear at that i>oint. Tjion his return he resumed f.irniing in Oakley Township and so continued until lss(i. when he came to Cerro Gonlo. and was in a meat market business with his brother. .T. K.. for three years. Later he sold bis interest and worked fur his brother for a year. For the following five years he was on ■•1 farm he owned in Oakley Township, which he left to once more come to Cerro (Jordo. He took up his residence in the old home of his wile's parents, at the same time conducting a livery business and buying and .selling horses for a few years. From this business he branched out into selling iMi]iorted horses, .-ind became a traveling representative for Mr. Crouch of La- Fayette. Ind. .'^till later he became traveling colonization agent for the I'nion Pacific Rail- road, leaving this company six years later to .i.ssunie the same duties with the Great Northern I!ailro,-id Company, with which be remained for two years, mid then returned to the Union Pacific IJailroad. Ills lieadi|uarters are now at Omaha. Neb.

On .Tannary 1. I^'.il, .Mr, Wheeler married Emma Klickenstatl'. born in Oakley Township. Mill-on County. 111., a <l.iugliter of .Tohn and C;itlierine iKuiis) Rlickeiistaff. .Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler have had no cbildren of their own. but reared Ibrce cliildrcii belonging to others, namely: Lillic Wheeler, a daii-btcr of Robert

Wesley and Nancy Elizabeth (McMahon) WHieeler, of Oakley Township, the former being a brother of Mr. Wheeler ; Etta Wheeler, a sis- ter of Lillie, who married William F. Haynes, born iu Long Creek Township, Macon County, 111.; and Andrew BlickenstafC, born in Clinton County, Ind., June 27, 1876, a sou of Solomon and Nancy (Metzger) Blickenstaff. Mr. Blick- enstafC is a minister of the Dunkard Church, and since 1905 has been located at McFarland, Kern County, Cal. Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler also adopted Guy Crook when six years of age, who is still with them, and in the spring of 1916 adojited a baby girl, Naoma Ruth, when three weeks old. Such evidence of true Christianity is worthy of mention. Mr. Wheeler lielongs to the Church of the Brethren. In i)olitic-s he is a Republican. Mrs. Wheeler was educated in the public .schools of her native place.

WHITE, Benjamin Rennich, now living in honor- able retircnieiit at White Heath after a life of usefulness, was born at Columbus. Ohio, June 21. 1831, a son of John McDowell and Rebecca Hendricks (Williams) White, the former born two miles southwe.st of Columbus, Ohio, and she born sixteen miles south of Columbus. Ohio. John White, the paternal grandfather, was born in I'ennsylvauia, while John and Mary (Dark) Williams, the maternal grandparents, were natives of Virginia, who traveled on hor.seback and with wagons to Ohio, when Columbus was still entirely in the future, its present site being marked by nothing more than a path made by cows.

In October. 1S(!4. John and Rebecca White came by railroad to Bement, 111., from whence the.v drove to Sangamon Township, and there bought land. Later they also bought the Demorest farm on which White Heath was later to be built. Although the name is now White Heath, this village first bore the name of White City in honor of John White. His acreage amounted to .")fH1 acres, and he operated his farm and improved it until 18SS. when he went to Monticello, and there died May 27, inoii. when over ninety years of age. he having been born January 27. 1817. The mother died May l.'i. 191f!. when nearly ninety .vears of age, havini been born October 2. 1S28. Their children were as follows : Ben.1amin R. ; Vin- cent, who lives in Montana ; Sarah, who is Mrs. Horace R. Calef; John M.. who lives at .Sey- mour, III.: and Mary, who was Mrs. Ed. I. Willi.ims of Sangamon Township. The parents of these cbildren were married in 1849. The mother was the second wife of the father, and by his first marriage he had two cbildren, namely: Frank, who is deceased: and Oiihelia, who was Mrs. Thomas Moffett, is decea.sed, as is her husband.

Ben.iamin R. White attended the public schools of Columbus. Ohio, and resided with his parents, whom he accompanied to Piatt Couut.v, until 187."). when he rented land in Sangamon Township, so continuing for five years. At that time he bought eighty acres on which he had

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HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

815

been ll\-iug, and continued adding to bis hold- ings until he liad 320 acres all in one body. On this he carried on general farming and raised horses, cattle and hogs, feeding them for the market. Some of the best road horses raised in this region were bred and raised by Mr. White. He bought Dictator, a brother of Jay Eye See, and many other fine horses, of which he was a lover and excellent .ludge. In 190S he retired from the farm, and moved to White Heath, where he had built a comfortable mod- ern home, and here he still resides.

On December 29, 187.5. Mr. White was mar- ried (first) to Sarah J. Seymour, born in Ross County, Ohio, December 3, 1853, a daughter of P. G. and Catherine (Dill) Seymour, born in Indiana, whose parents came from Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Seymour were earl.v settlers in the vicinity of Seymour, 111. Mr. and Mrs. White became the parents of the following chil- dren : Edwin G.. who lives in Sangamon Town- ship : Benjamin R.. who died in 1900, aged twenty-two years ; Bessie, who is her father's housekeeper ; Seymour J., who is at home ; Rich- ard P., who lives in Sangamon Township ; and Maggie, who is Mrs. James Perry of Sangamon Township. Mrs. White died April 11, 1889. On November 3, 1895, Mr. White was married (sec- ond) to Lois De Land, born in Union City, Ind., a daughter of George and Ellen A. (Converse) De Land. The second Mrs. White died October 5, 1908. Mr. White is a Universalist in religious belief, and has served his church as trustee. Independent in politics he served his township for one term as assessor. Fraternally he be- longs to White Heath Camp, M. W. A.

WHITE, Richard Parker, one of the native sons of Piatt County, is jiroving his worth as a suc- cessful farmer of Sangamon Township. His birth occurred in this township, March 15, 1885, he being a son of Benjamin R. and Sarah Jane (Seymour) White, natives of Ohio and Cham- paign (?V)unty. 111. .\fter marriage they located in Sangamon Township, and spent a hapjiy mar- ried life together until her death in 1880. Mr. White now lives retired at White Heath, built on the site of his grandfather's farm.

Richard P. White was sent to the neighbor- hood sdiools and early taught farming and lessons of thrift and industry lie has never for- gotten. When he attained to his majority, he began working by the month, but a year later located on his present farm of 1.30 acres in Piatt County, and 120 acres in Champaign County. Of this land. Mr. White puts in eighty acres in corn, forty acres in clover, forty acres in oats, and uses the balance for pasture, as he raises hogs, cattle and horses.

On February 23. 1907, Mr. White was mar- ried to Treva Groves, born in C/crro Gordo Township, a daughter of Edward and Mollie (Hickman) Groves. Mr. and Mrs. White have four children, namely : Ruth, Ruby, Richard and John McDowell. In politics Mr. WTiite is a Republican. His fraternal relations are with AVliite Heath Camp, No. 2119, M. W. A. Coming

of a long line of agriculturists, Mr. White is a farmer by inclination and inheritance, and has every reason to be proud of the record his fam- ily has made in developing this section of Illi- nois.

WILSON, Joseph (deceased), was one of the

old and substantial men of Piatt County during its most progressive period. He was born in Wash- ington County, Md., July 16, 1833. His father died in Maryland when Joseph was three years of age. Later his mother removed to Dayton, Ohio, where Joseph resided until he attained his majority, at which time he went to Taze- well County, 111., and worked for three year,s on the farm of John Glotfelter, but about 1856 engaged in farming in the same county on his own account. After some years he moved to Normal, 111., and then went to Logan Couuty, 111. In 1877 he came to Piatt County, buying 303 acres of land in Goose Creek Township that was partly improved. After taking possession of this farm, he began at once to improve it, and developed it into a very valuable property. During the years that followed Mr. Wilson be- came an extensive farmer and stoekraiser, so continuing until his death. February 14, 1905.

On October 16. 1856, Mr. Wilson was mar- ried to Lucinda Judy, who was born in Taze- well County, III., a daughter of Jacob and Mary Ann (Musick) Judy. Mrs. Judy was born in Kentucky and was brought by her parents to Logan County, 111., in 1810. they being Robert and Sarah Musick, natives of Virginia. Mr. Judy was born in Greene County, Ohio, a son of Jacob and Mary Judy. After the death of Mrs. Judy Mr. Judy remarried. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson became the parents of the following children- Amanda Jennie, who married Edward Hersbarger. is now deceased : Rosa Ellen, who married William Gelesthoi-p. is now a widow, living at Lincoln. 111. ; Sarah .\nn. who is Mrs. D. P. Swisher, lives in Goose Creek Township ; Bell, who is Mrs. Lincoln Borton. lives in Goose Creek Township; and Jacob G.. who died Noveni- lier 13. 1913. aged forty-eight years. Jacob G. was a prominent farmer and a justice of the peace. He resided with his mother and man- aged the farm, until his removal to Lincoln, 111. They reared a boy, taking him when seven years old, but lost him by death at the age of fifteen years.

After the death of Mr. Wilson, Mrs. Wilson went to live with her son at Lincoln, 111., but in June. 1915. returned to DeLand and now resides there in n modern cottage where she is very comfortalile. In addition to her residence Mrs. AVilson owns the homestead of 303 acres ad- joining DeLand. which she rents to other parties. She is a meml^er of the Christian Church. Both as member and deacon of the Christian Church. Mr. Wilson did his full dut.v. A Republican, he held a number of township offices. Fraternally be was an Odd Fellow.

WILSON, William James, now deceased, for many years was one of the prominent men of

816

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

Piatt County, aud a more than ordinarily pfos- perous farmer of Moultrie County. He was born in Koss County. Ohio, April 2'J. 1S43, a son of Samuel T. aud Mary (McUille) Wilson, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania. The mother died in Ohio sometime during the forties, aud following her death the family continued to reside in Koss County, until 1808, when the father came to Mac-on County, 111., and -spent some years upon a farm, but later retired aud died in Macon County. Kesiwnding to the first call for volunteers at the outbreak of the Civil War, as a member of au Ohio regiment, be re-enlisted in the .Se\'enty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry and served until the close of the war.

After attending the common schools of his native county, William James Wilson learned to be a farmer, and assisted his father until 1S71, when he went on a rented farm in Macon County. In 1883 he bought 100 acres of land in Moultrie Count.v, where he lived until his re- tirement in li)07, at which time he rented his farm to his son and moved to La Place, where his widow .still resides. There he died October 24, 1913, and in his death his community lost a judicious and useful citizen, and his family aud friends a kind aud sympathetic person who had their needs aud happiness at heart.

In December, 1871. Mr. Wilson was married to Mary .J. Bales, horn in eastern Tennessee, November 30. 1850, a daughter of Joseph M. and Margaret (Bible) Bales, natives of Tennessee. In 18.54 the family came to Coles County. 111., but later went to Macon County, where the father, who was born in 1829, died January 4, 1912. The mother, who was born August 28, 1828, survives aud lives on the homestead near Decatur, 111. They were married in 1848. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson became the parents of the following children : Addie J., who is Mrs. E. E. Saylor of Decatur. 111. : Etta, who is the widow of Charles Duncan of La Place, 111. ; JIargaret, who is Mrs. Madison Adams of Anderson. Mo. : Ellen, who is Mrs. Frank Adams of Liberal, Mo. : and Darid Emerson, who is on the home farm. Mrs. Wilson was educated iu the com- mon schools of Macon County. Early in life Mr. Wilson belonged to the Christian Church, but later became a Methodist, and Mrs. Wilson is still identifiwl with that faith. A Republican he served as a justice of the peace of La Place for .some years. The local O. \. It. had iu him a loyal member.

WITHERS, Ephraim, canu' Ic inity Tc.\Mislii|i in 1S0(;. and died on bis farm in Issl. He was married to Sarah Berry and they had the following children: Seborn S.. Newton. David, and Mrs. Welch who survived their father.

WOLFE, Frank, one of the jjingrcssivc farmers of Cerro (Jnrdo Township, was born in this towTishlp .Alarcb 4. lS.Vt. a son of Eli F. and CanuTinc (Wolfe) Wolfe, natives of Indiana. The jiaternal grandfather died when the father was four ye.irs old. and he went to Missouri for two years, being taken there by his eldest sister.

Later he c-ame to Piatt County to join his aunt, Hannah Wolfe, who owned a farm in Cerro Gordo Township. Later the father was married on this same farm, and lived there for a time, it being located one-half mile east, and a quarter of a mile south of La Place, where he died March 11, lft()2, the mother having moved to La Place, where she died July 8, 1910. Their chil- dren were as follows : Hannah, who married C. E. Metzger, is now deceased; Frank; Laura, who is Mrs. George R. ZoUers of South Bend, Ind. There are one hundred and forty-two acres in the farm of Frank Wolfe and it has been owned by a Wolfe since the grandmother Wolfe bought it. Following the death or his father, Frank Wolfe bought this farm aud named it The Okaw Stock Farm, and on it he raises Hereford cattle, draft horses, Dorcas Jersey hogs, and in addition to the homestead he has bought land so that he now owns two huudred and twenty-two acres in Cerro Gordo Township. Since coming into possession of this one hun- dred and forty-two-acre property, he has re- modeled the house and barn, built a new milk plant, garage, and put up, all present fences and made other improvements which greatly enhance the value and add to the comfort of himself and his family.

On December 23, 1902, Mr. Wolfe was married to DoUie Bahney, who was born in Cerro Gordo Township May 31. 1883, a daughter of William and Mary (Funk) Bahney, natives of Stark County, Ohio, and Indiana, respectively. Mrs. Bahney came with her parents. George and Maria Funk, to Piatt County in childhood, while Mr. Bahney located in Cerro Gordo after attain- ing to maturity. His death occurred in the fall of 1895. but Mrs. Bahney lived until the fall of 1896. Mr. and Mrs. Wolfe became the parents of the following children : Russell Eli. who was born March 28. 1904; Emerson Ray, who was born September 18, 190.5, died February 6, 1910; and Ruby Catherine, who was born April 15, 1910. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wolfe attended the public schools of Cerro Gordo Township. In politics Mr. Wolfe is a Republican. He be- longs to the Church of the Brethren and is treasurer of the same. He was born and lived on the homestead near La Place for thirty-four years.

WOOD, John W. The agricultural importance of Piatt County has been developed slowly but surely through the efforts of the men who have given their lives to farming, and some of them have already passed from this sphere of action, among tbem being the late John W. Wood. He was born in Fampiier County. Va.. February 14. 1823. a son of Lewis and Sarah (Colbert) Wood, natives of Virginia. They moved to Clark County. Ohio, at an early day, and there .lohn W. Wood attended the district schools.

When still a lad, he came to Monticello, 111., and worked as a stock buyer and .seller until 1850. when he moved to a farm east of Monti- cello and lived there \nitil he enlisted for serv- ice during the Civil War, in Company E, One

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

817

Hundred and Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infan- try, as a lieutenant under Capt. John C. Lowry, and on May 1, 1863, he was promoted to the rank of captain. On December 14, 1804, he was made major of his regiment. On September 30, 1862, the regiment left Camp Butler for JefEer- sonville, Ind., and on October 12 of that year was ordered to Louisville, Ky. Leaving Eliza- bethtown, there was a slight skirmish with Gen- eral Slorgan. In December a move was made on Munfordville, Ky., and in March, 1863, the regiment was at Glasgow, where it was as- signed to the Twenty-third Army Corps. On June 18, 1863, the command left Thompkinsville, Ky., and participated in many small engage- ments, in the vicinity of Atlanta, Ga. After having taken part in many of the important engagements of the Civil War, Major Wood was discharged June 21, 1865, and mustered out at Camp Butler July 2, 1865. Returning home he moved to a 160-acre farm in Willow Branch Township, near the farm of his father-in-law, George Peck. He conducted it until November, 1892, when he moved to Cerro Gordo, buying a residence which he rebuilt, in which he lived retired until his death, November 6, 1899. At the same time he coudiieted the station for the stage line from Danville to Springfield, which later became the beginning of the village of Cerro Gordo, that was located three and one- half miles south of the original station.

In July. 1856, Jlr. Wood was married to Amanda I'eck, born in JIadison County, Ohio, a daughter of George and Elizabeth (Denton) Peck, natives of Virginia and Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Wood became the parents of the fol- lowing children : Robert, who lives at Los Angeles. Cal. : Jennie, who is Mrs. Creighton, resides with her mother ; George L.. who is at home ; Benjamin, who lives at Blue Mound, 111. ; Laura Delia, deceased; Frank C. who is on the home farm ; Harry, who lives in Cerro Gordo Township: Lynn D.. who lives at Cerro Gordo; and Dick Milton, who is now deceased.

Major Wood was very active in the local G. .\. R. Post at Monticello. As a forceful Repub- lican, he took a deep Interest in politics, and held a number of the townshi]) offices. Mrs. Wood is a member of the Methodist Church and the Woman's Relief Corps. Although a number (if years have passed since Major Wood passed away, the influence of his blameless life remains, and his example has been an inspiration for his children.

WORTHAM, John Rogers, now living rotired at Hammond, was for many years one of the lead- ing business men of this place. He was born at Litchfield. Gray.son County, Ky., October 23, 1834, a son of William C. and Eliza C. (Briscoe) Wortham, the former born in Nelson County, Ky., December 25, 1799, and the latter born iu the same count.v, September 1. 1800. They were married in Grayson County. Ky.. in 1810. Wil- liam C. Wortham .spent his bo.yhood in Nelson County, Ky., and was apprenticed to the saddle- maker's trade. When he was fifteen years old

his parents, Charles and Mary (Ilackley) Wortham, natives of Virginia, moved to Grayson County, Ky., and there the lad was engaged in learning his trade for several years. Subse- quently he bought 800 acres of land near Litch- field, in Grayson County, and moving on it, was engaged in cultivating it for twenty-one years. He died in Grayson County in 1855. The mother survived him many years, passing away in Grayson County, in 1887.

John Rogers Wortham attended the common schools in Grayson County, going to school a few weeks at a time when the weather was too bad for him to work, and he continued to get what schooling he could until he attained his majority. Remaining with his father on the homestead imtil the latter's death, he then with the help of his brothers, conducted it for about two years. In the fall of 1861 he came to Illinois, but the next year drove back to Kentucky, and lived with his mother until 1865. In the latter year he went to Livingston County, Ky., and alternated farming with teaching school until 1868, when he returned to Illinois. For a year he was engaged in farming in Fayette Comity, and then bought a general store at Laclede, 111., and conducted it for four years. In 1873 he came to Hammond, when the town was being laid out, and he bought the first lot. on which he built a one-story frame store building, and opened up a general store, and in 1903 he re- placed the frame structure with a one-story brick one on the same lot and continued in active business until 1013, a period of forty years at Hammond. He then sold his business to W. R. Evans, who conducted it a short time, and then traded it to a party who moved the stock of goods to another place. In 1915 R. L. Wortham, son of Mr. Wortham, bought a new stock of goods and reopened his father's old store which he is still operating with marked success.

On February 14. 1861, Mr. Wortham was mar- ried (first) to Susan J. Abell, born in Grayson County, Ky., in 1841, a daughter of Jesse and Emily (Cunningham) Abell, natives of Ken- tucky, who came to Illinois in 1859, locating on a farm near Mattoon in Coles County. Mrs. Wortham died in 1872, having borne her hus- band four children, namely : William L.. who operates a truck farm and orange grove in Alabama ; Jesse L., who operates a department store in Minnesota ; Horace L., who operates a "ready to wear" store at Rockford, 111. ; and Evan L., who is in a real estate business at St. Paul, Minn. Mr. Wortham^ was married (second) on March 2], 1876, to Mrs. Sarah E. (Kizer) Butts, who was born in Macon County, 111., March 2, 1846, a daughter of John and Liddie (Davis) Kizer. Mrs. Wortham died Decemlier 23, 1010, and their children were : Edna L., who is deceased ; Ro.v L.. who is con- ducting the store at Hammond, 111. ; Nellie L., who married Earl Evans, who is in the lumber business at Hammond in partnership with C. A. Bunyan ; and Fay L.. who married Walter W. Wolf, who is ticket agent for the Wabash Rail-

818

HISTORY OF PIATT COUNTY.

road at Milmine, 111. Mr. Wortbam is a uiuiu- ber of the Baptist Church. In rx)litics he is non-partisan.

WRIGHT, Carlton Jonathan, a veterinary sur- geon and one of the most capable and efficient men in his profes.sion that Piatt County pos- .sesses, has been located at Cerro Gordo since 1911. He was born in Bement Township, Piatt County, 111., July 2, ISS", a son of Ovid E. and .\liee (Burns) Wright, natives of Bement, 111., and Scott County, 111. The paternal grandpar- ents, Carlton and Annette (Duell) Wright, were natives of New York state, while the maternal grandparents, Jonathan and Frances (Burrows) Burns, were natives of Kentucky and Scott County, 111., respectively, and all became early settlers of Piatt County. Carlton Wright was a carpenter, while Jonathan Burns was a farmer. After their marriage, the parents located on 120 acres of land in Bement Town- ship, where the father is still engaged in farm- ing. Their children were as follows : Carlton J. ; Nina A., who is Mrs. John Morey, of Mor- risonville, 111.; Robert, who lives at Bement; and Ralph, Edna and Flora, all of whom are at home.

Dr. Wright attended the district schools and the Bement High school, and when he was twenty-one years old entered the Chicago Veteri- nary College, from which he was graduated in the spring of 1911. Coming to Cerro Gordo, he bought the practice of Dr. John R. Grove, and has built up a fine business, o\^^ling a modern hospital at which he treats the di.seases of vari- ous animals.

On December 22, 1913, Dr. Wright was mar- ried to Mary Eamb, who was born in Bement Township, a daughter of William and Elmira (Hall) I^amb, natives of England. Dr. and Mrs. Wright have one son, Robert Francis, who was born July 24, 1915. In politics Dr. Wright is a Republican. He belongs to the Methodist Church. His fraternal affiliations are with the Cerro Gordo Lodge No. fi(X), A. F. & A. M., Cerro Gordo Lodge No. .346, I. O. O. P., and Bement Camp. M. W. A.

WYNE, Jacob, now living in retirement in La Place, was at one time a prominent figure in Piatt County. lie was twrn in Rockingham

I'liunty, Va.. June 5, 1861, a son of John and Elizabeth (Zigler) Wyne, natives of Virginia, lu 1SG7 the family come to Piatt Countj', and bought land in Willow Branch Township, where tbey lived until 1872. Then they sold and moved to a farm one mile north of Milmine. In 1872 they bought a raw prairie farm but the father died in 1874, and the mother with the help of her sous. Improved this proi>erty. She lived to be an aged woman, passing away in 1904.

Jacob Wyne attended the district schools of Piatt County, and the Decatur public schools, and assisted his mother, remaining with her until 1SS7 when he moved to a IGO-acre farm in Cerro Gordo Township, although he owned the eighty acres adjoining. Here he lived until 1900. when he sold his homestead. However, in the meanwhile he had been buying farm prop- erty and now owns about 320 acres in Cerro Gordo Township, and eighty acres in Moultrie County. In lOOC Mr. Wyne went to New Mex- ico, and secured some wild land which he Jin- proved, erecting buUdings and making the place comfortable in every way, including the drilling of an artesian well. Losing his wife, January 19, 1910, he began to long for his old home, and in April, 1912, he sold his New Mexico holdings and returned to Cerro Gordo Township. During the winter of 1912-1913 lie traveled in Califor- nia, and then once more came back to Cerro (toixIo Township, where he lived until 1916, when he rented his land, and moved to the handsome residence he had erected in La Place, .uid here he is now living retired.

On January 27, 1SS7, Mr. Wyne was married to Julia A. Shively. born near North Manches- ter, Ind.. a daughter of Isaac and Margaret (BlicUenstaff) Shivel.v. .Mrs. Wyne is buried in the cemetery at La Place. She and Mr. Wyne li.ad the following children : Inez A., who is keeping house for Mr. Wyne ; Elting C, who is nn one of the farms owned by his father: and Esta M. and Paul S., who are at home. In addition to their own children, Mr. and Mrs. Wyne reared nn orphan. Letta Bahney. who married Ira M. Hoover of Plattsburg, Mo., they have one child, — Wanda N. Tlie son, Elting C, married Mabel O. Miller. In politics Mr. Wyne is an independent Republican. The Church of the Brethren holds his religious membership. In which he has been ordained an elder and he is in charge of the local congregation at La Place.

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