! ., I I i C .' I . . . "'} t \ t \t , , { . t < { 111 ( J ( ) \ Y1 'I t ..I ',' ( ... , , '. .... " ---/ ,) ) - r I;: /I(I, ("/1.1", ) A BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND $t;ont JEgl1tt1 tbt t;tat to tbe ltebolution: CONSISTING OF CHARACTERS DISPOSED IN DIFFERENT CLASSES, AND ADAPTED TO A METHODICAL CATALOGUE OF ENGRAVED BRITISH HEADS: I TENDED AS AN ESSAY TOWARDS REDUCING OUR BIOGRAPHY TO SYSTEM, AND A HELP TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF PORTRAITS: INTERSPERSED WITH A VARIETY OF ANECDOTES, A D l\IEMOIRS OF A GREAT NUMBER OF PERSONS, NOT TO BE FOUND IN ANY OTHER BIOGRAPHICAL WORK. WITH A PREFACE, SHEWING THE UTILITY OF A COLLECTION OF ENGRAVED PORTRAITS TO SUPPLY THE DEFECT, AND ANSWER THE VARIOUS PURPOSES, OF l\IEDALS. BY THE REV. J. GRANGER, VICAR OF SHIPLI\KE, [N üXFORDSHIRE. Animum piclurâ paScil inani.-VIRG. Celebrare domestica facta.-HoR. FII.'TH EDITIO , warH UP\HRDS OF FOUR HUNDRED ADDlflO'lAL LIVES. IN SIX VOLUMES: VOL. V. LONDON: PRINTED FOR 'VILLIAl\I BAYNES AND SON, PACERNOSTER ROW: ^ '110 SOLD BY W. CLARKE, NEW BOND STREET; J. MAJOR, FLEET STREEr; J. A D J. .\RC'II, CORNIIILL: J. PARKER, OXFORD: DEIGHTO:'t:'st apologize for itself. Consec. 6 March, 1669. Translat. from Chi- chester, 4 Mar. 1674. 16 BIOGRAPHICAL HIS TOR Y cipally contrived by Theodore Haak, Mr. Hartlib,. and himself. His books on prayer and preaching, and especially his" Principles and Duties of Natural Religion," shew how able a divine he was. His" Essay towards a real Character and Philosophical Language," is a masterpiece of invention,t yet has been laughed at togetlJer with his chimeras: but even these shew themselves to be the chi- meras of a man of genius.t He projected the impracticable " Art of Flying," when the nature of the air was but imperfectly known. That branch of philosophy was soon after much improved by the experiments of his friend Mr. Boy1e. This excellent person whose character was truly exemplary, as well as extraordinary, died much lamented, the 19th Nov. 1672. PETRUS GUNNING, Eliensis episcopus. Logg;an sc. large h. she PETER GUNNING; inscribed, " The Bishop of Ely." J. S. ('lnith) exc. small 4to. lneZ,Z". There is a portrait of him in the university 1ibrary, and another in the library of St. John's College, in Cambridge. Peter Gunning, a man of quick and lively parts, and of uncom- mon elocution, was one of the most distinguished persons of his time in polemical divinity. He even carried the. war into the enemy's quarters, and not only attacked the Papists, but the sectaries of every denomination. As the Bible was the book which he princi- pally studied, he was scarcely equalled as a textuary. He was also well read in the fathers and ecclesiastical historians, which his - meillory enabled him to quote upon every occasion. His zeal for his religion, which was grounded upon the knowledge of it, was indeed extraordinary; but it never carried him to the usual ex- · See U Parle Hist." xxi. p. 204, Notes. t The Index to this" Essay," by the famous Dr. William Lloyd, is also in its kind a masterpiece. t Such was his attempt to shew the possibility of a voyage to the moon; to which the Dutcbess of Newcastle9 made this objection: H Doctor, where am I to find a place for baitiug at, in tile way up to that planet ?'. Madam, said he, 0/ all the people in the world, (never expected that question from you, who have built so many castles in the air, that you may lie every night at olle of your own. See her character, Class IX. OF ENGLAND. 17 cesses of bigot.ry; nor was he ever known to hate a man's person, because he was no friend to his tenets. He, soon after the restora- tion, succeeded Dr. Tuckney, a nonconformist, in the mastership 1661. of St. John's College, in Cambridge, and in the chair of regius pro- fessor of divinity in that university. The ejected professor was sur- prised to find a generous friend and benefactor in his successor, who settled on him a handsome annuity for life. He and Dr. Pear- son were the chief disputants against the Presbyterian divines, at the conference held at the Savoy, in the beginning of this reign.. Bishop Burnet informs us, that "he was a dark and perplexed preacher," and that his sermons abounded with Greek and Hebrew, and quotations from the fathers. He was nevertheless admired by the court ladies: the king said, "they admired his preaching, be- cause they did not understand hitn."t Almost all his writings are on subjects of controversy.! Ob.6 July, 1684, Æt. 7]. See more of him in a discourse by Dr. Humfrey Gower, in two sermons preached soon after his death. · See a particular account of this conference in the tc Life of Baxter," folio. t He was handsome in his person, and graceful in his manner. This alone would account {or his being admired by the ladies, without that exercise, or rather play of the imagination, which is sometimes occasioned by an unintelligible discourse. * See Wood. 9 Dr. John Edwards, in the manuscript of his own Life, in the possession of the Rev. 1\1... Beadon, of St. John's College, in Cambridge, says. II that he devoured plenty of authors, but digested none. Though he was at the pains to make long collections, yet he could not make use of them, not being able to reduce them into order, and bring them into any tolerable compass: whence it was, that whenever be came into the pulpit, he marred all with his intolerable length, and stretched his auditors upon the rack." It should be observed here, that Edwards and he were not friends. l\Ir. Baker, a man of more candour, in his manuscript II History of St. John's College," speaks thus of him: " He was not the most popular preacher, being too see of Cork and Ross. In 1699, he was translated to the united sees of Kilmore and Ardagh. He was a man of learning, especially in divinity, and published a considerable number of ser- mons, and other practical works, and some pieces of controversy; of all which Mr. \Vood has given us a catalogue. Ob. 1714. DIGNITARIES OF 1'HE CI-IURCII, AND INFERIOR CLERGYMEN. JOHANNES TILLOTSON, &c. LeZy p. Bloote- ling sc. larg'e h. s/i. · See Birch's u Life of Archbishop Tillotson," p. 22, second edit. t It should be observed, that the learned and judicious Dr. DodwelJ, in his " Letter 011 the :Marriage Act," p. 32, speaks thus of him: "Dr. Taylor, in his voluminous writings, said many lively things whicb will not bear a strict e - amination." OF ENGLAND. JOHANNE TILLOTSON, S. S. theologiæ professor, regiæ majestati a sacris, decanus Cantuariensis. R. White ad vivian delin. et sc. 8vo. The portraits of him, in his episcopal character, belong to the reign of Wil- lian1 III. JOHANNES BARWICK, S. T. P. S. Pauli Lon- dinensis decanus. G. Vertue sc. Before his " Life," in Latin, 1721; 8-vo. John Barwick was born in Westmoreland, and educated at Sed- berg school, in Yorkshire, where he gave many early proofs of an uncommon capacity, and particularly distinguished hirnself by act- ing the part of Hercules, in one of Seneca's tragedies. In the eighteenth year of his age he was sent to St. John's ColJege, in Cambridge, where he presently outshone all of his age and stand. ing; and was so remarkable for his abilities, that, when he was little more than twenty, he was chosen by the members of his col- lege to plead their cause in a controverted election of a master, which was heard before the privy council. In the time of the civil war, he was instrun1ental in sending the Cambridge plate to the king; published the " Querela Cantabrigiensis,"* in which he had the chief hand; and wrote against the covenant. He afterward retired to l.ondon, where he undertook to manage the king's cor- respondence between that city and Oxford; which he executed with great dexterity and address. He also carried on a secret cor- respondence with Charles, whilst he was at Carisbrook Castle, and was, on nlany other occasions, of singular service to him. He was no less assiduous in serving Charles II. He was a man of extra- ordinary sagacity, had a fertile invention, an enterprising genius, and great courage and presence of mind. He was at length be- trayed by one Bostock, belonging to the post-office; and was long confined in a dungeon in the Tower. He was then far gone in a consumption; but living upon gruel and vegetables, he, after some time, recovered to a miracle. Upon his enlargement, he renewed his correspondence with the king, and is said to have furnished Lord Clarendon with a great part of the materials for his History. He conveyed money to his majesty after the execution of Hewit; 'II Printed with the (I Mercurius Rusticus." 23 Promote 4. Nov. 1672. Installed 19 Oct. 1661. 24 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY and was so dexterous in all his conveyances, that he even eluded the vigilance of Thurloe. See more of him in his" Life," written in Latin by his brother: there are many curious notes in the ano. nymous translation of it, by lYlr. Hilkiah Bedford. Ob. 22 Oct. 1664. Installed 9 Oct. 1679. RICHARDUS MEGGOT, S. T. P. decanus Win- toniensis. Kneller p. Loggan sc. large Iz. slz. RIClIARDUS MEGGOT, S. T. P. Kneller p. Whitc sc. larg'c h. slz. This print was afterward copied in 8vo. by the sallle hand. It '/71ay be placed in tltis or the ne.1't reign. Richard Meggot, of Queen's College, in Cambridge, was rector of St. Olave's, in Southwark, and vicar of Twickenham, in Middle- sex. In 1677, he succeeded Bruno Ryves, dean of Windsor, in his canonry belonging to that church; and was, in about two years after, made dean of 'Vinchester. He was a preacher of note in this reign, in which he published several occasional sermons. Ten of his discourses were printed together in 1699, octavo. He died the 7th of Dec. 1692, and was buried in the chapel at Windsor. RADOLPHUS BATHURST, M. D. Ecel. Cathedr. Wellensis decanus, reg'. rnajti. a sacris, coli. Trin. Præs. et aead. OJ:on. vice-cancellarius, 1676. Loggan sc. h. slz. This is supposed to have been done from a portrait in miniature, drawn by Loggan, which he left his sister. The painting in Tri- nity College-hall was done from the print. Installed 28 June, 1670. RALPH BA THURST, &c. copied by Walker from the preceding'. It is prejiLved to Mr. Warton's" Life" of hÙn, 1761; 8vo. Dr. Bathurst, in the early part of his life, applied himself to the study of divinity, in which he made a very considerable progress. But when he saw that some churches were defaced or demolished, and others converted into barracks and stahles, and that a learned ministry was held in the utmost contempt, he changed the course of his studies, OF ENGLAND. 25 and applied himself to physic. He took a doctor's degree in that faculty, in which he rose to such eminence, that he was, in the time of the usurpation, appointed physician to the state. Upon the restoration, he quitted his prbfession of physic, was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and president ûf his college: and having entered into holy orders, he was made chaplain to the king, and afterward dean of Wells. His learning and talents were various: he was the orator and the poet, the philosopher and "the divine. He possessed an inexhaustible fund of wit, and was the facetious companion at eighty years of age. Ridicule was the weapon that he made use of to correct the delinquents of his college; and he was so absolute a master of it, that he had it always at hand.. His poetical pieces in the " M usæ Anglicanæ" are excelIent in their kind: they are much in the spirit of Ovid, who was his favourite poet. His" Diaf.rihæ Theologicæ," in manuscript, which he began at twenty-three years of age, are much commended by Mr. Warton. He died greatly latnented by all that knew his worth, and particularly by the society over which he presided, the 14th of June, 1704, in the 84th year of his age. . GEORGIUS STRADLING, S. T. P. decanus Cices- triensis, prebendarius-Westllzon. R. White sc. Before his " Se rJZons," published after his death, 1692; 8vo. . George Stradling was educated at Jesus College, in Oxford, Installed whence he was elected a fellow of AU-Souls. He continued in the 1672. university during the interregnum, and was then much esteemed by Dr. Wilson, the music professor, for his extraordinary skill on the lute. He was, upon the restoration, made chaplain to Dr. Sheldon, bishop of London; and, about two years after, preferred to a prebend of Westminster. In 1671, he was installed chantor · Mr. Warton tells us that he took a wbip with him U when he went out to sur- prise the scholars walking in the grove at unseasonable hours;" but that he neTer made use of that illiberal weapon.-The following anecdote of bim was told me by a gentleman of character: A milch ass, which was kept near his college for an invalid, who was a member of it, happened to stray into the belfry, and entangling himself in one of tbe bell-ropes, made an unusual jangling. Dr. Bathurst sent to inquire what was the meaning of it, and was told that it was occasioned by the ass. U I thought," said he, with his usual quickness, " that it was an ass or a gentleman commoner." This was humour as it came from Dr. Bathurst; but it was that kind of humour which by every repercussion lose something of its original force. VOL. V. E 26 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY of Chichester, and the next year de n of that church. There is a. short account of him before his " Sermons," by James Harrington, esq. who gives him the character of a man of learning and exem- plary life. Ob. 19 April, 1688. He lies buried in Westminster Abbey. lnstalled Sept. 28, 1660. R. LOVE, D. D. dean of Ely, master of C. C. c. C. etched hy .lJlr. Michael Tyson, 4to. The original is in the rnaster's lodge. Richard Love, a native of Cambridge, was educated at Clare Hall, of which he was Some time fellow. In 1632, upon the death of Dr. Butts, he was, by royallnandate, admitted master of Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge, and, the next year, chosen vice- chancellor of the university. lIe greatly endeared himself to that learned body, by the signal victory which he gained over Daven- port,. at the commencement; and afterward acquitted himself with uncommon sufficiency in the course of his office, as Lady l\lar- garet's professor of divinity. He was a man of good natural, as well as acquired, abilities; and no mean orator. His" moderation was known unto all men;" as by his acquiescence in, rathe han his compliance with, the changes of the times, during the civil war an<\. the usurpation of CromweH, he, with singular prudence, but with- out prostituting his principles, not only maintained the mastership of his college when the majority of the heads of houses were ejected, but so recommended himself to Charles II. that he, soon after: the restoration, was promoted to the deanery of Ely. He published, about the same time, two Latin Orations; one, upon the king's' return, spoken at the commencement, in 1660; the other addressed to his majesty in person, at Canterbury, when he, as substitqte to the vice-chancellor, went to meet him on his way to London. He enjoyed his preferlnent but a few months, as he deceased in January the next year. t JOANNES SPENCER, S. T. P. decanus Eliensis, · His assumed, or religious, name, by which he commonly went, was Franciscus a Sancta Clara. He had lately published a book, at Douay, in which he a.ttempted to reconcile the articles of the church of England with th decrees of the conncil of Trent. t See a particular account of him in 1\fasters's " History of C. C. C. C." OF ENGbAND 27 et Co legii Corporis Chl-isti apud Cantabrigiensis custos. Vertue sc. 1727; h. she This very learned author was, for his singular merit, elected master of Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge, in 1667; and was afterward preferred to the deanery of Ely. He published a " Dis- course upon Prodigies," together with another concerning Prophe- cies, Lond. 1665; 8vo. His U Dissertatio de Urim et Thummim," &c. was printed at Cambridge, in 8vo. 1678. But his capital work is his book " De Legibus Hebræorum," the best edition of which was published by l\lr. Chappelow, in two volumes folio, 1727, to which is .prefixed his head, engraved at the expense of the society of Corpus Christi College. Ob. 27 May, 1695, Æt.63. Installed 19 Sept. 1677. GULIELMUS HOLDER, S. T. P. &c. Societatis Regiæ Londini socius, 1683. D. Loggan ad ViVU11t del. Iz. slz. WILLIAl\I HOLDER; in Hawkins's "History of lJ;Iusic." C. Grignion. Dr. William Holder was educated at Pembroke Hall, in the uni- versity of Cambridge. About the year 1642, he was presented to the rectory of Blechingdon, in Oxfordshire. After the restoration, he became canon of Ely, canon-residentiary of St. Paul's, and sub- dean of the chapel royal. He was a man of a truly philosophic genius, of which he has given "abundant proof in his" Elements of Speech, an Essay of Enquiry into the natural Production of Let- ters; with an Appendix concerning Persons that are deaf and dumb." His" Treatise on the natural Grounds and Principles of Harmony," is allowed to be as rational a discourse ún that subject as was ever publiJhed. He exactly knew the powers of the organs of speech, and composed a Natural Alphabet adapted to those powers. This would be a nIuch more eligible alphabet for the Chi- nese, who have not yet adopted any, than that which is now in Uie. It was much controverted, whether the glory of first teaching deaf and dumb persons to speak, and understand a language, was due to him or Dr. Wallis. The true theory of the art appears to have been published by the latter, in his book "De Loquela," which carne forth about six years before Mr. Popham was taught to speak by 2B BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY Dr. Holder.. Peter de Cestro, physician to the Duke of Mantua, is said to have been the first that hit upon this discovery.t Db. 24. Jan. 1697. He lies buried with his wife, who was only sister to Sir Christopher Wren, in the vault under St. Paul's cathedral. See more of him in " Athen. Oxon." II. col. 139. Installed archdeacon, 8 June, t 676. JOHANNES CONANT, S. T. P. black cap, /tc. 8vo. Dr. John Conant was, in the time of the interregnum, rector of Exeter College, in Oxford; where he maintained a strict discipline, and caused that society to flourish more than any other in the uni- versity. In 1654, he was appointed king's professor of divinity, in the room of Dr. Sanderson; but was obliged to resign the chair to him upon the restoration. In 1662, he was ejected from his rectory of Exeter College for nonconformity; but afterward conforming, he becanle vicar of All-Saints, at Northampton, and was by Bishop Reynolds, whose daughter he had formerly married, made arch- deacon of Norwich. He was a few years after preferred to a pre- bend of Worcester. He was a man of a modest and amiable cha- racter; of exemplary piety; and was, in other respects, well qua- lified for the preferments which he enjoyed. He particularly ex- celled as a preacher. Several volumes of his Sermons were published by Bishop Willialns. Db. March, 1693. Installed 12 Jan. 1678-9. THOMAS HYDE, archdeacon of Glocester ; a bust. Cipriani del. F. Perry sc. Before the collection of his works published by Dr. Grego'}!) Sharpe, OI. 'OJl. 1767. Doctor Thomas Hyde is a great character, but is much less known than he deserves to be, because the studies in which he was occupied are but little cultivated. Those that are acquainted with the oriental languages are astonished at the progress which was made in them by one man, though aidert. by the powers of genius, supported and strengthened by incessant industry. Before he was eigl]teen years of age, he was sent from Cambridge to London by · Vide " Athen. Oxon." ii. co1. 139, and Wallis's " Memoirs and Sermons," 8vo. 1791. t See the II Universall\Iagazine" for Jan. 1762, p. 1.5, et seq.-It is obvious to observe here, that the first rudiments of a newly-discovered art are generally so im- perfect, that the improver of it not only receives his own share of hOllour, but even that which WftS due to the first inventor. OF ENGLAND. 29 the celebrated Abraham Wheelock, to assist Mr. Brian Walton in the great work of the Polyglot Bible; and, about that period, un- dertook to transcribe the Persian Pentateuch out of the Hebrew characters, which Archbishop Us'her, who well knew the difficulty of the undertaking, pronounced to be an impossible task to a native Persian. After he had happily succeeded in this, he assisted in correcting several parts of 1\11'. W a1ton 's work, for which he was perfectly qualified. Of all his learned writings, the very catalogue of which is a singular curiosity,*' his" Religio veterum Persarum" is the most celebrated. This will ever be a valuable book. Dr. Gregory Sharpe, the learned and ingenious master of the Temple, bas collected several of his pieces, formerly printed, and repub- lished them, with some additional Dissertations and his Life pre- fixed, in two elegant volumes in quarto. Dr. Hyde was archdeacon of Gloucester, canon of Christ Church, head keeper of the Bodleian library, and professor both of Hebrew and Arabic in the university of Oxford. He was interpreter and secretary of the oriental lan- guages during the reigns of Charles II. James II. and Willimn III. He was perfectly qualified to fill this post, as he could converse in the languages which he understood. There never was an English- ' lnan, in his situation of life, who made so great a progress in the Chinese. Bochart, Pococke, and Hyde, are allowed to have been the greatest orientalists that any nation ever produced. Db. Feb. 18, 1702. I am informed by a good hand,t that his mind had been so much engrossed by his beloved studies, that he was but ill qua- lified to appear to any advantage in common conversation. EDV ARDUS LAKE, S. T. P. AI. Vander Gucht sc. 8vo. EDW ARD LAKE, &c. G. Vander Gucht sc. Before his " Officiunz Eucharisticunz," 1211lo. copied frorn the fornzcl'1.-It is uncertain when the picture was done from which his head was engraved. Edward Lake, who had been a member of both universities, but took his degrees at Cmnbridge, was chaplain to James, duke of York; and as we learn from the inscription on his Inonument, he .. See it in the fC Athen. Oxon." or the " Biographia." t The Reverend .Mr. :l\Ierrick, of Reading, whose father knew him well. 30 BIOGRAPHI-CAL HISTORY was also tutor and chaplain to his two daughters, Mary and Anne, who afterward sat upon the throne of Great Britain. 1\11'. Wood informs us, that he was prebendary and archdeacon of Exeter, and rector of the united parishes of St. Mary Hill and St. Andrew Hub- bard, in London. He was a man of uncommon piety and charity, and a celebrated preacher. He died the 1st of February, 1703-4, and lies buried in the collegiate church of St. Catharine, near the Tower, where a monument is erected to his menlory. Le Neve, by Inistake, says that he was buried in the church of St. Mary Hill.* MARCUS FRANCK, S. T. P. &c. W. Dolle sc. small h. sh. Mark Franck, master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and arch- deacon of St. Alban's, was author of fifty sennons, published in folio, 1672, with his print prefixed. His character and prefer- ments, except his rectory of Barley, in Hertfordshire, to which he was admitted on the 2d of February, 1663, are mentioned in the following inscription, which was formerly on his monument, near the entrance of the north door of St. Paul's, but perished soon aftèr its erection, together with the church, in the conflagration of the city. Hoc marmore tumulatur, Doctrina, pietas, charitas, Quippe monumentum illius Marci Franck, s. T. D. Archiepiscopo Cantuarensi a sacris, Sancti Albani archidiaconi; hujus ecclesiæ thesaurarii et prebendarii, Cujus Virtutem, humilitatem, eloquentiam, in singulis sagacitatem, Dictis metiri non liceat; dicat posteritas. Ob"t S ætatis anllO LI. II 1 salutis MDCLXIV. ISAAC CASAUBON. Vander Werff. P. v. Gunst. Prefixed to his and his son's" Epistolæ," fol. · See Le Neve's II Fasti," p. 95. OF ENGLAND. , 31 Isaac Casaubon, born at Geneva 1559, was invited by James I. into England upon the death of Henry IV. of France. James, justly esteeming him as a man of the first rank in the learned world, made him his librarian, and afterward promoted him to a prebend of Canterbury, and likewise granted hiln a pension of 300l. per annum. He died the 1st of July, 1614, in the 55th y ar of hi$ age; and was buried in 'Vestminster Abbey; where a tomb was erected to his memory, by Thomas Morton, bishop of Durham.* MERICUS CASAUBONUS. Is. þ . (Isaaci Filius) p. Yr. Wer.lf p. Van Gunst sc. h. sh. In the large volu1Jze of his father' 8 and his own works,. Roterodalni, 1709. t MERIC CASA UBON. R. Schothii,. Svo. Meric, the learned son of the most learned Isaac Casaubon, was born at Geneva in 1599, and brought into England by his father when he was about eleven years of age. He received his educa- tion at Christ Church, in Oxford, under Dr. Edward à Meetkirk, the king's Hebrew professor. Whilst he was a student of that house, he acquired a great reputation at home and abroad for a " Vindication of his Father against an Impostor of the Church of Rome," who published under his name a book on the origin of idolatry. He also published, by command of King James, another vindication of him against the Puritans of that age. These two pieces, which are in Latin, were the foundation of his fame. He intended to pursue his father's great work against Baronius's " Annals," but was prevented by the distractions of the civil war, which interrupted the course of his studies. Cromwell made him large offers on condition of his writing the history of that turbulent period, which he thought proper to decline. He also declined the advantageous overtures made him by Christina, queen of Sweden, who, with a view to the advancement of learning, was desirous of his settling in that country. He was successively rector of Bledon, in Somersetshire, and Ickham, in Kent, and is entitled to a place . · See his epitaph, composed by Dr. Thomas Goad, rector of Hadley, in Suffolk, in the U Antiquities of Westminster Abbey."-See Barwick's U Life of Bishop Morton," p. 73. t See Batteley's U Cant. Sacra," p. 127. See also Wood. 32 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY InstaJJed 1611. among the dignitaries of our church as a prebendary of Canterbury. His works in divinity and philology, particularly his " Notes on Classic Authors," bear a sufficient testimony to his learning and abilities; but the honour of the latter is believed to be in some mea- sure owing to his father as it is more than probable that he availed himself of his papers. What he has written concerning apparitions and spirits, and particularly his account of Dee and Kelly, deserves the notice of the curious reader, who may see a detail of his works in the" Athenæ Oxonienses." He died in July, 1671. BENJAMIN CALAMY, S. T. P. Drapentier sc. h. sh. There is a large half-sheet print of Calamy, with the narne of Henry Finch, dean of Yorlì, affi.red. BENJAl\1IN CALAl\IY, D. D. I. V. P. E. D. C. f. et e..l'c. 4to. 'Jnezz. Installed June 18, 1685. BENJAl\IIN CALAl\IY, S. T. P. M'. Vanderg;ucht sc. 8vo. Before his volume of " Sernzons." Benjamin Calamy, chaplain in ordinary to the king, and preben.. dary of St. Paul's, was son of the famous Edmund Calamy, for- mer1y meTltioned, by a second wife. In 1677, he succeeded Dr. Simon Ford as minister of 81. Mary Aldermanbury, in London, of which church his father was formerly minister. In 1683, he was . preferred to the vicarage of St. Laurence Jewry, with St. Mary Magdalen, Milk-street, annexed. Though he was of a noncon- forming family, he was a true son of the church of England, and one of her most distinguished ornaments. He was courteous and affable in his behaviour, exemplary in his life, and one of the best preachers and writers of his time. He has left us but few sermons; but these few are an abundant proof that he possessed that strength and clearness of head, as well as goodness and sensibility of heart, which are essential to the character of a Christian orator. He died, to the regret of all that knew him, in January, 1686. ED'V ARD POCOCKE, D. D. &c. W. Green del. , F. Morel/on la Cave sc. h. sh.-Engraved from his portrait in the picture gallery at Oxford. OF ENGLAND. 33 ED'V AnD POCOCKE, &c. in the" O..rford A lnlanack, " 1749,1758. Dr. Edward Pococke, canon of Christ Church, in Oxford, and rector of Childrey, in Berkshire, in the reigns of Charles I. and II. was the greatest orientalist of his age. He acquired an early repu- tation at home and abroad, by publishing the four epistles which were wånting to a complete edition of the New Testament in the Syriac language.* He made two voyages into the East, where he attained to a perfect knowledge of the Arabic tongue, which he spoke with fluency and propriety. He collected a considerable number of coins and manuscripts for Archbishop Laud, and re- turned to England from his second voyage in 1640, ---- Spoliis Orientis onustus. I-Ie was the first that read the Arabic lecture founded by his patron the archbishop:t he was also professor of Hebrew: and discharged the duties of both these employments with great punctuality and sufficiency. He was ejected frolll his canonry of Christ Church for not taking the Engagement; and was succeeded by Peter French, brother-in-law to Cromwell. He was very near being ejected from his living of Childrey for " ignorance and insufficiency;" but Dr.. Owen, the learned independent, interested himself in his behalf, and prevented his ejectment. He translated several books out of the Arabic, and Grotius " Of the Truth of the Christian Religion," into that language. He was not only a master of Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac, Greek, and Latin, but was also well acquainted with the Persic, Samaritan, Æthiopic, Coptic, and Turkish languages: he understood the Italian, and was not ignorant of the Spanish. Ob. 10 Sept. 1691, Æt. 87. His Commentaries on Micah, Malachi, Hosea, and Joel, together with his " Porta IVlosis," were published in two volumes folio, in 1740, by Mr. Leonard Twells, with the head and life of the author prefixed,t Re!Þtored to his canonry 27 July, 1660. · These epistles were the second of Peter, the second and third of John, and that of Jude. t .When Pococke was in the East, tbe mufti of Aleppo laid his hand upon hi5 head, and said, U This young man speaks and understands Arabic as well as the mufti of AIeppo." Samuel Clarke, a native of Brackley, in Northamptonshire, and some time ()f l\lerton College, in Oxford, was contemporary with Pococke, and in the next emi- nencè to him for oriental learning. He was tbe first architypographus of the uni.. versity, to which was annexed the office of superior beadle of law. He Ldd both VOL.V. F :34 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY RICHARDUS ALLESTRY, S. S. T. professor reg. Oxon. ædis Christi canonicus, colI. Ætone!lsis præpo- situs reg. majestati a sacris. Logg'an ad ViVll1n dclin. h. sll. RICHARD ALLE3TRY, D. D. in tlte sanzc print with his two friends, Bishop Dolben and Bishop Fell. The original picture 'lvas }Jainted by Lely. It is remarkable that this worthy triumvirate bore arms for Charles I. in the civil war. , Doctor Allestry was educated in the grammar-school at Coven- try, under Dr. Philemon Holland the translator, and afterward at Christ Church, in Oxford, under Mr. Richard Busby, who was then an eminent tutor. His parts, which were very extraordinary, were in1proved by a no less extraordinary industry. He had been seen, when he bore arms for Charle3 1. to carry his musket in one hand, and his book in the other. He was very active in the service of Charles II. before his restoration; and was employed more than once by the royalists in transacting business with that prince during his exile. In 1660, he was made a canon of Christ Church, and chaplain in ordinary to the king; and was, soon after, appointed regius professor of divinity. He sat in the chair seventeen years, and acquitted himself in it with honour. In 1665, he was appoint- ed provost of Eton College, where he raised the school, which he found in a low condition, to an uncommon pitch of reputation. The west side of the outward quadrangle of that college was built from the ground at his expense. The excellent Dr. Hammond, who was his intimate friend, left him his valuable library, which he bequeathed himself to his successors in the divinity chair. His eagerness for study, and his intention of mind while he was em- ployed in it, was so great, that it impaired his constitution, and hastened his death. He died Jan. 27, 1680-1. Forty of his ser- mons, to which his head is prefixed, were published by Bishop Fell. His Life, before his Sermons, contain some particulars well worth the reader's notice. these employments upwards of ten years, and was posse!5sed of them till the time of his death, which happened on the 27th of December, 1669. His portrait is in the galJeryat Oxford. See particulars in u Athen. Oxon." vol. ii. col. 456, &c. OF ENGLAND. 35 ROBERT SOUTH, canon of Christ Church, was an eminent preacher at court, and the scourge of fa- naticism, in this reign. Some of his contemporaries could not even read his sermons with a safe conscience; as elegance of style in divinity was, in their estima- tion, scarce a venial crhne,. but wit was a 'Jnortal sin. His portrait belongs to the reign of William 111.- See Noble's Continuation. Installed Dec. 29, 1670. DR. BRUNO RYVES; an etching. C. TO'lvneley fecit,. 8vo. DR. BRUNO RYVEs; sJnall olJal, 'llle.Z.Z.. Woodburn eL'l}C. 8vo. Dr. Bruno Ryves was vicar of the parish of Stanwell, in the county of Middlesex, and rector of St. l\lartin's in the Vintry- ward, London. He was a noted and florid preacher, and being chaplain to King Charles 1. suffered with his royal master, was sequestered from his vicarage and parsonage, and forced to fly in order to save his life. He attended l{ing Charles II. in his exile, and was by him made dean of Chichester, and master of the hos- pital there, but had no profit of either till the restoration: when being sworn chaplain in ordinary to the king, he was preferred to the deanery of \Vindsor, and to the rectories of Acton, in Middlesex, and Hasely, in Oxfordshire, and was appointed scribe of the most noble order of the Garter. Dr. Ryves was author of several works, particularly " Mercurius Rusticus, or the Country's Complaint," and" Querela Cantabrigiensis," giving an account of the suffer- ings of the clergy in that university; and the " l\licro Chronicoll, or a Brief Chronology of the Battles and Sieges in which his Majesty King Charles 1. was engaged, from the beginning of the Civil Wars to March 25, 1647." Some sermons were published by him, upon 1 Tim. vi. 10. 2 Tim. iv. 7, and one preached before the House of Commons, in 1660. He died at Windsor, July 13, 1677, and lies buried in the isle, on the south side of St. George's chapel there; and over his grave, on a marble table fixed in the wall, is a large in- scription in Latin to his memory, portraying his merits, sufferings, and preferments. 36 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY EZEKIAS BURTON, S. T. P. canonicus Norvi.. censis. lIf. Beale p. R. White sc. Before his " Sel - 'Inons," 1684; 8vo. Hezekiah Burton, fellow of Magdalen College, in Cambridge, and an eminent tutor there, was, for his singular merit, made chap- lain to the lord-keeper Bridgeman in 1667, and the same year pre- sented by him to a prebend of Norwich. In the beginning of the year 1668, a treaty was proposed by the lord-keeper, for a compre- hension of some of the dissenters, and a t01eration of others. Dr. Tillotson, Dr. Stillingfleet, Dr. Burton, and thé lord chief-baron Hale, were very desirous of an accommodation; and ready to do every thing to promote it, if it could be done without betraying the interests of the church. But this scheme met with such powerful opposition, that the debates upon the terms of union were presently concluded. Dr. Burton, who was a man of great prudence, mode- ration, and sweetness of temper, was snatched from the world when he was capable of doing n10st good in it; and wheu his incessant labours and exemplary piety promised a great deal. His friend Dr. Tillotson, who well knew the worth of the man and the value of his writings, published two volumes of his discourses.... These, though never intended for the public, and consequent1y not so per- fect as if he had put his last hand to them, give us a high idea of the piety, and no mean one of the abilities of the author. Ob. 1681. See more of hilU in the preface to the first volume of his " Discourses," and in Birch's "Life of Dr. Tillotson." THOMAS FULLER, S. T. D. Æt. 53, 1661. D. Loo'o'an sc. Over his head is this 'lJZotto, "JJIcthodus ðb Jlfater lJlc1Jloriæ;" underneath are these verses: " The graver here hath well thy face designed, But no hand Fuller can express thy mind; For that a resurrection gives to those \Vhom silent monuments did long enclose." Before his "History of the Worthies of Eng'land," ] 662 ; fol. · The only thing that he ever pubiished himself was the Prcface to Dr. Cumber land's book of the II Laws of N nture." OF ENGLAND. 37 I am informed that the best impressions are before his " Pisgah Sight. " He is placed here as a prebendary of the cathedral church of Salisbury. See the reign of Charles I. Collated June 16, 1631. J08. GLANVILL, &c. qui vehicllluJJl 1Jlutavit quarto die Novenzb. 1680.* w: Faithorne sc. Before his " Discourses, SerJJlOnS," -'c. 1681; 4to. It appears from the inscription on his monument that he was a prebendary of \V orcester. Joseph Glanvill, rector of Bath, chaplain to Charles II. and F. It. S. was a man of good natural and acquired abilities, and of considerable eminence as a divine and philosopher. He was author ùf " Essays on several important Subjects, in Philosophy and Reli- gion;" " An Essay concerning Preaching," &c. &c. He has, in his " Plus Ultra," which is the scarcest and most estimable of his works, pointed out the discoveries in the new world of science, by the light of reason and experiment. In his "Saducismus Triumpha- tus," he has endeavoured to discover the secret transactions of the kingdom of darkness; and has brought variety of argunlents, and a large collection of relations, to prove the real existence of witches and apparitions.t He wrote in defence of the Royal Society, and the new philosophy, against Dr. Henry Stubbe, a man of parts and learning, but positive, arrogant, and dogmatical; and extremely averse from the belief of any truths, but such as were familiar to himself. JOHANNES LIGH1'FOOT, S. T. P. &c. ll. White sc. h. she John Lightfoot, who was educated at Christ's College, in Cam- bridge, was first engaged in the study of rabbinical learning, by the persuasion and example of Sir Rowland Cotton, who greatly · The date of his death on this print, which agrees with th t on his monument in the abbey-church of Bath, serves to rectify a mistake of l\Ir. 'Vood, who informs us that he died on the 4th of October. t Beaumont, in his U Treatise of Spirits, Apparitions, vVitchcrafr," &c. has written on the same side with Glanvill. The reader may see a coIJection of argu- ments and relations on the other side of the question, in Scot's If Discovery of 'Vitchcraft," and 'Vebster's " Display of supposed \Vitchcfñft." 38 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY Installed Feb. 5, 1667. assisted him in the Hebrew. He was, by this gentleman, to whOln he dedicated the first fruits of his studies, presented to the rectory of Ashley, in Staffordshire. Here he applied himself for twelve years to searching the Scriptures; and the world was soon after informed that his researches were to some purpose, by the books that he published, which are so many proofs of his industry, learn- ing, and judgment. He was afterward chosen minister of S1. Bar- tholomew's, behind the Exchange, and a member of the assembly of divines which sat at '\Vestminster; and was preferred by the parliament visitors to the nlastership of Catharine Hall, in Cam- bridge. He offered to resign his mastership at the restoration, but it was not accepted; and he had soon after a confirmation of that and his benefice from the king. The lord-keeper Bridgeman, who professed a great esteem for him, presented him to a prebend in the church of Ely.* His" Horæ Hebraicæ" is esteemed his most valuable work. His style is not good: it is probable that he paid but little attention to it. His greatest excellence was criticism. His works, which rendered his nan1e famous throughout Europe, are in three volulnes folio,t besides his "Renlains." Db. Dec. 6, 1675.! "" H Biographia," p. 2935. t The edition here meant is that published by J. Leusden at Utrecht, 1699. * He was succeeded in the mastership of Catharine Hall by Dr. John Eachard, author of a noted piece of drollery entitled, " The Grounds and Occasions of the Contempt of the Clergy and Religion inquired into, in a Letter written to R. L." This pamphlet, which was published without the author's name, made a great noise in the world, and was soon answered by several clergJmen. The" Letter to R. L." and the Dialogue betwixt" Philautus and Timothy," on Hobbes's H State of Na- ture," are the most considerable of this author's works, which ha\Te been evidently studied by Dr. Swift. It hath been said of him, that he had no talent at all for 5erious subjects. The celebrated 1\lr. Baker, of St. John's College, in Cambridge, in a blank leaf of his copy of Dr. Eachard's " Letter on the Contempt of the Clergy," observes, that he went to St. 1\fary's with great expectation to hear him preach, but was never more disappointed. It has been said, that he took the instances of absurdity and nonsense in this letter, from his father's ser'J1ons. Echard the historian tells us,1I that he was too nearly related to him to give him his just character without suspi- cion of partiality. His works have been lately reprinted, with an additional pamphlet, by Thomas Davies, in Russell-street, Coveut-garden. II P. 922, edit. 1720. It is observable that Laurence Echard differed from JolJJI: ill the spelling of his name. OF ENGLAND. 39 EDMUNDUS CASTELLUS, S. T. P. ecclesiæ Christi Cantuariensis, canonicus, * &c. ./Et. 63, Anno 1669; Faitlzorne p. et sc. larg'c Ii. she Dr. Edmund Castle, who had been many years a member of Emmanuel College, in Cambridge, was, in his advanced age, ad- mitted into St. John's in that university. In 1666, he was chosen Arabic professor; to which preferment he was entitled by his merit as an orientalist. He had several years before, given very eminent proofs of his abilities in the laborious work of the Polyglot, which he revised and corrected. A great part of his life was spent in compiling his "Lexicon Heptaglotton," on which he bestowed incredible pains and. expense, even to the breaking of his constitu- tion, and exhausting his fortune. t At length, when it was printed, the copies remained unsold upon his hands. He died in 1685, and lies buried in the church of Higham Gobyon, in Bedfordshire, of which parish he was rector. I t appears from the inscription on his monument, which he erected in his lifetime, that he was chap- lain to Charles II. He bequeathed all his oriental manuscripts to the university library at Cambridge, ..on condition that his name should be written on every copy in the collection. See more of him at the end of "Thomas de E]mham," published by Hearne, p. 356, 427, and in "Lelandi Collectanea," by the same editor, vol. vi. p. 80; also in Dr. Pococke's " Life," fol. p. 50, notes, and p. 66. See an account of Dr. Ralph Cudworth, and Dr. Jos. Beaumont, lower down in this class: the former was prebendary of Glocester, the latter of Ely. Installed 1685. So Le Neve, Quære. PETRUS HEYLIN, S. T. P. ecclesiæ collegiatæ Sancti Petri Westmonasteriensis canonicus, 'Martyri et superstiti Caro/is, patri ac jilio, lJIa 'Jlæ Britallniæ, -'c. 'JJlonarchis, dU1Jl vivcrct, a sacris. Before his" His- torical and Miscellaneolls TTacts," 1681 ; Jol. Peter Heylin was educated at Magdalen College, in Oxford, where he applied himself early to the study of cosmography, and Installed prebendary, Nov. 9, 1631. · It appears from Le Neve's " Fasti," that Dr. Castle was prebendary of the eighth stall in the cathedral church of Canterbury. t He expended no less than 12,0001. upon that work, 40 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY read a course of lectures in that science, frOlll which he in a great measure composed his " Microcosm, or little Description of the great ,V orld;" which was twice printed in slnall quarto in the reign of James I. This book, which was afterward enlarged, was the foundation of his fame as an author, and the work to which he put his last hand, when his eyes failed him. It has been often reprinted, and has more merit than any of his compilations. His" History of St. George," recommended hiln to Charles I. who, soon after he presented it to him, preferred hin1 to a prebend of ,V estminster, and to the rectory of Houghton in the bishopric of DurhaIIl. He was ejected from his prebend and other prefern1ents in the time of the civil war. He, like James Howel, supported himself by his pen; and he appears, by the number and bulk of his books, to have kept pace at least with that author in writing. He even continued to publish when he could no longer see to write; and retained an amanuensis to the time of his death. He was m1-Ich in favour with Archbishop Laud, and distinguished himself in the controversy be- tween that prdate and Archbishop 'Villian1s, concerning the placing of the altar. It appears, from the inscription on his monUluent in Westminster Abbey, that he was sub-dean to that church; which was the highest preferment he enjoyed, though he strongly ex- pected a bishopric. His knowledge in history and divinity was extensive; but he wrote with more ease than elegance; and his me- mory, which was very extraordinary, was better than his judgment. He is not free fron1 the leaven and acrimony of party-prejudice. tìf The generality of his writings are in no great esteem at present; but his " Help to History," which is a work of great utility, de- serves particular commendation.t Some of the best of his pieces .. Dr. Glocester Ridley, in his" Secúnd Letter to the Author of the Confessional," p. 179, speaks thus of him: " Doubtless he was biassed amI warm to a degree, which, notwithstanding the dreadful pro\Tocations th:lt he and his party underwent, was very blamable; but I know not that he misrepresented things deliberately -and wilfully." tHis ., Historia Qninquarticularis" is among these tracts. It relates to the quin- quarticular controversy, which was warmly agitated in this and the preceding reign. It turned upon the five points, which were the grand subject of deLate betwixt the Calvinists and the Arminians; namely, the elernal decrees; freewill; grace ahd conversion; the extent of Christ's redemption and universal grace; and the perse- verance of the saints. Limborch's" Theologia Christiana," founded 011 the \rmi- nian scheme, and translated into alníost every language of Europe, had a great effect towards putting an end to this controversy. Dean Swift's jadgment on Hey lin's " Hist. of the Presbyterians" is just published, in a s nall pamphlet called an Appendix to h s 'Yorks. OF ENGLAND. -II are in the collection of historical and miscellaneous tracts above- mentioned. Db. 8 May, 166'2.* GULIELMUS OUTRAMUS, S. T. P. ecclesiæ Sti. Petri apud Westmonasterienses canonicus (preben- darius). R. White sc. 8vo. Befo1"e his" Twenty Ser- 'JJlons, published froln thè Author's own Copies, by the Rev. Dr. James Gardiner, now Lord Bishop of Lincoln," 1697; 8vo. Dr. Owtram was a man of great industry, charity, and piety, and an excellent preacher. Mr. Baxter speaks of him as one of the best and ablest of the conformists.t Indeed such was his modera- tion, that men of all persuasions spoke well of him. Dr. Gardiner teIls us, that he never could be prevailed with, either by the entreaty of his friends or the authority of his superiors, to publish any of his sermons. The five printed under his name are not genuine. He was famous for his knowledge in almost an kinds of science, parti- cularly in rabbinical learning ; of which he has given eminent proof in his book " De Sacrificiis," &c. Db. 23 Aug. 1679, Æt. 54. He lies buried in Westminster Abbey. InstaJled July SO, 1670. THO. BARLOW, S. S. Theo!. Dr. co!. reg. præ- positus, et prQ D. lJIarg'aTeta S. S. theol. professor publicus, O ron. 1672. D. Loggan ad ViVllllZ sc. h. she See an aCC01)nt of him among the bishops in the next reign. TIMOTHY HALTON succeeded Dr. Barlow in the 2617. provostship of Queen's College, in Oxford. His por- trait belongs to the reign of William III.-See Noble's Continuation. ISAACUS BARROW, S. T. P. reg. Mati. a sacris, colI. S. S. Trini. Cantab. præfec. nee non acado ejusdem · See Wood.-Tbe Epitaph on Dr. Heylin, which is a good composition, w s written by Dr. John Earle, then dean of Westminster.; t" Life," part iii. p. 19. ; Vide" Hist. et Alltiq. Univ. Oxon," lib.îi. O.J. VOL. V. G 42 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY procanc. 1676. Log-g'an delin. "Before his Eng'Zish 'lvorks, Jol. This print has been copied in sl1zall 8vo. hy . the s{nne engraver, and also by ffiI. Vander Guclzt, and Lud. Du. Guernier. * The name of Dr. Barrow will ever be illustrious for a strength of mind and a compass of knowledge that did honour to his coun- try. He was unrival1ed in mathematical learning, and especially in the sublime geometry; in which he has been excelled only by one man, and that man was his pupi1. t The same genius that seem d to be born only to bring hidden truths to light, to rise to the heights, or descend to the depths of science, could sometimes amuse itself in the flowery paths of poetry.! He at length gave himself up entirely to divinity; and particularly to the most useful part of it, that which has a tendency to make men wiser and better. He has, in his excellent sermons on the Creed, solved every diffi- ,cuIty, and removed every obstacle that opposed itself to our faith, and made divine revelation as clear as the demonstrations in his own" Euclid." He was famous for the length as well as the excellence of his sermons. He knew not how to leave off writing till he had exhausted his subject; and if his life had been prolonged to seventy years, he might perhaps have gone as far towards exhausting science itself as ever man did.1I This excellent person, · Dr. Barrow would never consent to have his picture drawn; but Mrs. Mary Beale drew it by stealth, whilst some of his friends held him in discourse. This portrait was in the collection of James West, esq. See Abraham Hill's" Life of Dr. Barrow," prefixed to his works, four pages from the end. The biographer, who was the doctor's intimate friend, says, that U his picture was never made from the life." Hence I took "the liberty to omit U ad t,ivum" after II Loggan," in the first edition of this work. It is however possible, that the engraver might also have ' stolen his likeness. t Sir Isaac Newton. t He composed verses both in Greek and Latin. He was three hours and a half in preaching his admirable sermon on " The Duty and Reward of Bounty to the Poor." It must be acknowledged that this discourse was too long for the pulpit: Dr. Barrow did not consider that the very oppor- tunities of doing good might be lost whilst we are attending to the rules of it. The life of man is too short for such long sermons. II The reader will be delighted with his copious and exact description of wit, in the sermon upon" Foolish Talking and Jesting." This alone is a sufficient specimen of his marveHous talent. for exhausting the subject. Such were his richness of thought and copiousness of expression, upon the common business of life, that no two of the letters that he wrote to solicit contrjbutions for Trinity College library are alike.-Thcse letters are depositt:d ill the library. OF ENGLAND. 43 who was a bright example of Christian virtue, as well as a. prodigy of learning, died the 4th of May, 1677, in the 47th year of his age. His English and Latin works are in four volumes folio. R. CUDWORTH, D. D. Log-g'an del. 1684. G. Vertlle sc. 8vo. Dr. Ralph Cudworth, who held the satne rank in metaphysics that Dr. Barrow did in sublime geometry, was, in the former part of his life, a very eminent tutor at Emmanuel College, in Cambridge, where he entered at thirteen years of age. He had no less than twenty-eight pupils at one time under his care, among whom was Mr. William Temple. * He was afterward appointed 1645 master of Clare Hall, t where he had a share in the education of Mr. John Tillotson. He had the courage to stem the torrent of irreligion and atheism that prevailed in the reign of Charles II. by publishing his" True Intellectual System ;" a book well known for the excellence of its reasoning', and the variety of his learning. He understood the oriental languages,! and was an exact critic in the Greek and Latin. He was a good antiquary, matbemàtician, and philosopher; and was superior to all his contemporaries in meta- physics. He was father to the learned and accomplished Lady l\Iasham, of Oates, in Essex, in whose house Mr. Locke spent the last fourteen years of his life. This learned and pious man died June 26, 1688, in the 71st year of his age. BENJAMIN WHICHCOT, S. S. T. P. R. White sc. 8vo. Before the first volume' of his " Discourses." . An original picture of him is in the possession of my ingenibus and very worthy friend, the Reverend Mr. Bagshaw, minister of Bromley, in Kent. Dr. Whichcot, when he was about thirty..five years of age, was made provost of King's College, in Cambridge, of which he was a prudent and vigilant governor. He was afterward successively minister of Black Friars and St. Laurence Jewry, in London, where he was universally beloved and respected as a parish priest. He 'Was a man of great moderation and sweetness of temper. His · Afterward created a baronet. * In 1654 he was preferred to the mastership of Christ's College. t He, in 1645, succeeded Dr. Metcalf as regiu professor of Hebre". 44 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY notions of religion were like his charity, exalted and diffusive, and never limited by the narrow prejudices of sects and parties. He was much disgusted with the dryness and foolishness of preaching that prevai1ed in his time, and encouraged the young students of his college to form themselves after the best models of Greece and Rome. He was indeed himself an example of plain and unaffected eloquence, as well as of sincere piety. Mr. Baxter numbers l1iIJ1 with the " best and ablest of the conformi.sts ;"$ and another author speaks of ChilJil1gworth, Cudworth, and Whichcot, as "nlen of l11an]y thought, generous minds, and incomparable learning."t He died at the house of Dr. Cudworth, nlaster of Christ's College, in May, 1683, in the 74th year of his age. His funeral sermon was preached by Dr. Tillotson, who, though his friend, is guilty of- no exaggeration in his character. The first volume of his " Discourses" was published, with a preface, by Anthony, earl of Shaftesbury, author of the "Characteristics;" the three next by Dr. John Jeffery, archdeacon of Norwich; and the last by Dr. Sanluel Clarke. He was a considerable benefactor to the university of Cambridge. DR. JOSEPH BEAUMONT, late the king's pro- fessor of divinity, and master of St. Peter's College, in Cambridge. R. White sc. Frontispiece to his " Psyche," Jol. Dr. Joseph Beaumont succeeded Dr. Pearson in the mastersbip of Jesus College, in Cambridge, in 1662; and was, within two years afterward, appointed master of Peter-house. In 1672, he was preferred to the chair of regius professor of divinity, in which he sat many years with great reputation. He was author of " Psyche, or Love's Mystery, in twenty-four Cantos, displaying the Intercourse betwixt Christ and the Soul." This allegorical poem was not without its admirers in the last age. Giles Jacob calls it an invaluable 'Work. The second edition of it was printed in 1702. Dr. Beaumont also wrote" Observations upon the Apology of Dr. Henry l\lore," Camb. 1685; 4to. A considerable number of his poems, &c. were published in quarto, by subscription, in .. (I Life of Baxter," part iii. p. 19. t The ingenious author of a II Dialogue 011 the Uses of Foreign Travel, aùdr(' scd :0 Lord Molesworth," 1764, 8vo. p. 178. OF ENGLAND. 45 1749, with the life of the author prefixed. He died in 1699, in the 84th year of his age. He is, in his epitaph in the antichapeJ at Peter-house, styled, "Poeta, Orator, Theologus præstantissimus; quovis nomine Hæreticorum Malleus, et Veritatis Vindex." JOHANNES WALLIS, S. T. D. geometriæ pro- fessor Savilianus, Oxoniæ. Faithorlle delin. et se. I 1688. Before his " .JJfeehanica, sive de .J.JIotu," 1670; 4to. JOHANNES WALLIS, S. T. P. geometriæ professor Savilianus, Oxon. reg. mati. a sacris, Regalis Socie- tatis Lond. sodalis. Loggan ad ViVUJJl delin. 1678; h. sh_ JOlIN WALLIS, &c. Log-gan. AI. BU1'ghers; fol. JOHN WALLIS, &c. SOJl17Zll/lS. Id. 1699;fol. JOHN WALLIS, &c. Cipriani. Basire, 1791. JOHN WALLIS,&c.Æt. 85 (L700). Kneller. Faber. Dr. John Wallis was born at Ashford, in Kent, of which parish his father was minister. After learning a little arithmetic of his brother, he made his way in the mathematics by the force of a genius which semned to be designed by nature for this branch of science, and that was equal to every thing to which it was applied. He was not content with treading in the footsteps of other mathe- maticians, but in several instances went beyond theln; and is by 1\11". GlanviJI ranked with Vieta and Des Cartes, who are of the first class of discoverers in mathematical knowledge. * He invented the method for measuring all kinds of curves, and was thought to have gone nearer than any other man towards squaring the circle, which he has demonstrated to be impossible. He greatly improved decimal arithmetic, and was the first that reduced a fraction, by a continued division, to an infinite series; which series was afterward employed by Lord Brouncker in squaring the hyperbola. He was the inventor of the modern art of deciphering,t which he practised in the time of the civil war. The writers of the papers which he · Glanvill's II Plus Ultra," p. 31, & seq. t There is a discourse by Dr. Wallis on this art, printed in " An Essay on the Art of Deciphering ;" Lond. 1737; <1to. This essay was written by the ingenious. 1\lr. Juhn Davys, formerly of Hart Hall, iu Oxford, and afterward rector of Castk. Ashby, ill N ()[tbamptonshirc. 46 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY undertook to explain, were astonished when they saw them deci- phered; and fairly owned that there wa great truth, if not infal- libility, in his art. He was probably the first that invented a method of teaching deaf and dumb persons to speak, and to under- stand a language.* He composed an English grammar, in which are many things entirely his own, and which shew at once the grammarian and the philosopher. Ob. 28 Oct. 1703, Æt. 87. His works are in three volumes folio. A volume of his. Sermons, 8vo. with some account of his life, was published in 1791, in which is an ingenious and inter sting defence of the Trinity. HENRICUS MORUS, Cantabrigiensis, S. S. T. D. A. Æt. 61, 'c. " 0 chara anima, quando una eris et nuda et simplex !" M. Antoninus, Med. lib. X. .He ið' represented sitting under a larg'e ttree. Faitllorne del. et sc. Before /tis " Opera Tlteologica," 1675; Jol. HENRICUS MORUS, &c. D. Log-g'an ad ViVU17Z delin. It. sll. Weare informed by the author of his " Life," that this head is much like him; and that Faithorne, though his print is finely executed, has not hit his features. HENRY MORE, &c. D. Loggan delin. lVf. Vander Gucht sc. 8vo. copied Jl'onz the ne..rt ab01Je, llnd prift.l'ed to his " Life," by Richard Ward, 1710. Dr. Henry More, who was by many esteemed one of the greatest divines and philosophers, t and was certainly one of the best men · See II Philos. Transact." under the year 1670. .1\Ir. Wood attributes this inven- tion to Dr. Holder j which is, with good reason, contradicted by 1\lr. \Vartol1, in his" Life of Dr. Bathurst," p. 157. See the article of Dr. Holder in this class. t 1\lr. Hobbes, who was one of his admirers, said, that" if his own philosophy was not true, he knew none that he should sooner like than l\Iore's of Cambridge." It is more natural for the human mind to fly from one extreme to the other than it is commonly imagined. Hobbes, in the instance before us, if he had not been attached to his own philosophy, would have chosen tbat which is just the contrary. So Alexander declared, " That if he were not Alexander, he would wish to be Diogenes;" having probably been taught by his master Aristotle, that contraction of desire may produce happincss, a well as amplitude of possession. OF ENGLAND. 47 of his time, had a good deal of natural enthusiasm. He was fired or rather enraptured, with the Platonic philosophy; and his writings shew how happy a visionary the author was. Mr. John Norris, his friend, and a man of similar but superior character, styles him, " The intellectual Epicure." His works, which were formerly much read, have been long neglected. Sir Samuel Garth condemns them in the lump: speaking of Dr. Tyson's library, he says, II And hither rescued from the grocer's come, l\lore's works entire, and endless reams of Blome.". He would at least have excepted his excellent" System of Ethics," if he had been acquainted with the book. This is commended by Mr. Addison, in No. 86 of the" Spectator."t Ob. 1 Sept. 1687, Æt. 73. Vide JOHANNES COCKSHUIT, Class VIII. EDV ARDUS SP ARKE, S. T. D. ] 662. A. Hertochs f. 8vo. EDV ARDUS SPARKE, S. T. D. regi a sacrlS, 1666, 8vo. White sc. Before his " Scintilla Altaris." Dr. Edward Sparke, who was educated in the university of Cambridge, was, in the reign of Charles I. minister of St. Martin's church, in Ironmonger-l ne, ondon; from which he was ejected in the civil war, and plundered of his goods... In 1660, he was re- stored to his beneficé, and made chaplain to Charl s II. In 1665, he succeeded 1\11'. William Bedwell in the vicarage of Tottenham High-cross, in Middlesex. He published a sermon preached at the funeral of Henry Chitting, esq. Chester-herald; a book of devo tions; and " Scintilla Altaris, or a pious Reflection on prilnitive -Devotion, as to the Feasts and Fasts of the Christian Church orthodoxly revived." This book has been several times printed. SAMUEL DRAKE, D. D. Birrell sc. 4to. Dr. Drake was fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge; and on account of his father's loyalty to Charles I. and his bravery in the sieges of Pontefract and Newark Castles, was created by royal mandate D. D. He had also a prebend in the cathedral church of York, and in the collegiate of Southwell. He died in 1673. · " Dispensary," canto iv. t The book is in Latin, and has been often printed at holUt:' and abroad. 48 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY RICHARD SHERLOCK, D. D. rector of Win- wick. JJI. Vanderp;uclzt sc. The print is prefixed to his" Practical Christian," the 6th edition of which was publishecJ. in 8vo. 1713. Richard Sherlock, a native of Oxton, in Werral,* in the county of Chester, received part of his education at Magdalen Han, in Oxford, whence he removed to Trinity College, near Dublin. He was some time a minister of several small parishes in Ireland; but, upon the commencement of the civil war, he came into England, and was chaplain to one of the king's regiments at Nantwich, in Cheshire. He was afterward curate to Dr. Jasper Mayne, of Christ Church, at Cassington, an obscure village near Woodstock. About the year 1652, he was retained as chaplain to Sir Robert Bindlosse, of Berwick Hall, in Lancashire, where he was much troubled with the Quakers, against whom he wrote several polemical pieces, a species of divinity that ill suited his disposition, as prac- tical Christianity was his delight. Upon the restoration, he bccmnc doctor of divinity in the university of Dublin; and was, by the favour of his patron, J ames, earl of Derby, preferred to tbe rich benefice of Winwick...t He was afterward the same pious and hunlble man that he was before, and seemed to have only this ad- vantage from his preferment, the constant exertion of that charity towards the poor and distressed, which was before a strong, but latent principle in ltis neart. His chief work is his " Practical Christian." He caused this inscription to b engraved on brass, and fixed on a flat stone laid over his grave: " Exuviæ Richardi Sherlock, S. T. D. indignissimi hujus ecclesiæ rectoris. obiit 20. die Junii, Anno Æta- tis 76, Anno Dom. 1689.-Sal infatuum conculcate.tt-To which a person, who knew his merit, added these words: " En viri sanctis- simi modestia! qui epitaphium se indignum inscribi volebat, cum vita et merita ejus laudes omnes longe superarent." His" Life," prefixed to the 6th edition of his " Practical Chris- tian,"! was written by his nephew Dr. Thomas Wilson, the primi- tive bishop of Sodor and Man, who resembled him in several cir- cumstances of his character. · This place has reason to bless his memory for the useful charity which he has there established. t In the county of Lancaster. It is esteemed the richest living in England, and has been valued at 1400l. per annum. t It is also printed in the" :LUemorials and Characters," published by Wilford,p.64 . OF ENGLAND. 49 . GULIELMUS FALKNER, S. S. T. P. J. lUl.t sc. 4to. Before his u'orks. 'Vil1iam Falkner, who was one of the town-preachers at Lynn Regis, in Norfolk, was author of several pieces of divinity, printed in one volume in quarto, 1684. His" Libertas Ecclesiastica," written in English, and published in 8vo. 1674, is a book of merit. Mr. 'Vood, in his" Fasti," under the year 1671, n1entions 'Villiam Falconer, 1\1. A. of Aberdeen, who was then incorporated into the university of Oxford, and was one of the first Scotch exhibitioners at Baliol College; but he was not at that time an author. Quære if the same person. HENRY HIBBERT, D. D. D. Logganf h. she This print is anonymous. Under the head is an epigram of six Jines, which contain nothing but the old hackneyed turn of thought, which is so often seen under portraits; intimating that the pencil or the graver can express only the outside of an author, and that his mind is exhibited in bis book. The print is distinguished by the word Burin, which is in larger letter than the rest. Henry Hibbert, who received his education at Brazen-nose Col- lege, in Oxford, was successively minister of All-hallows the Less, and of St. Olave in the Old Jewry, London. He was author of sermons, and other theological discourses: but his chief work is " Syntagma Theologicum, or a Treatise wherein is concisely com- prehended the Body of Divinity, and the Fundamentals of Religion orderly discussed," &c. 1662, to which is prefixed his portrait. 1\11' . Wood informs us that he was accounted a Presbyterian, but he was not ejected from St. Olave's, in 1662. Db. 18 Dec. 1678. DR. ADAM S,AMUEL HARTMAN; oval; clerical habit. I never saw this print but in the Pepysian collection. DR. ADAM: SAl\IUEL HARTMAN. Harding sc. Mr. Wood informs us, that" Adam Samuel Hartman, D. D. oC the university of Frankfort upon the Oder, bishop of the reformed cburches through Great Poland and Prussia," was incorporated doctor of divinity at Oxford in 1680. VOL. Y. H 50 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY ANDRE LORTIE, ci-devant ministre de l'Eglise reformé de la Rochelle, et a present a Londre. Van SOJ7lcrf. 1681, h. slz. '/Jlezz. He is placed here as D. D. Andrew Lortie, S. T. P. occurs in N ewcourt's " Repertory," vol. ii. p. 459, as rector of Packlesham, in Essex. He became so IVlay 7, ] 683, and was the same year incorporated D. D. of Cambridge, by royal mandate. He appears to have been presented to this bene- fice by Dr. Compton, then bishop of London, who, as Burnet in- forms us,. "was a great patron of the converts from popery, and .of those Protestants, whom the bad usage they were beginning to meet with in France drove over to us." Dr. Lortie was certainly living' in the year 1700. A person of both his names is mentioned in Letsome's "Historical Register," as the author of a volume of sermons, 1720, 8vo. He is there called, (, late rector of Barton, Nottinghalllsbire, and was probably a son of the former. TITUS OATES, D. D. appeared at the head of that cloud of 'lL'itnesses which helped to obscure the reign of Charles II. As he has no right to occupy this class, I have placed him ,vith the rest of his fraternity in the twelfth. His name is a perfect con- trast to the next. JOHN RA WLET, B. D. died Se}Jt. 28, 1686, Æt. 44; 8vo. Jo'hn Rawlet, a man distinguished by his many and great virtues, and his excellent preaching, was many years lecturer at Newcastle- upon- Tyne. His sermons were plain, convincing, and persuasive; perfectly adapted to the lowest, and approved by the highest, capa- cities. He thoroughly understood the nature of a popular discourse, of which he has left us a specilnen in his " Christian lVlonitor ;" which has fully answered the purposes for which it was intended, and has been oftener printed than any other tract of practical .. Vol. i. p. 392, sub, ann. 1676. OF ENGLAND. 51 . divinity. This is a very proper book for the clergy to distribute among their parishioners.. The pious author, who was himself the good Christian that he taught others to be, laboured for the sake of doing good. He was offered the living of Coleshil1, in 'Varwick- shire, worth 400l. a year; but refused it, as he thought he could be more useful at Newcastle. As he declined the acceptance, Lord Digby desired him to nominate some other person; upon which he recommended lVIr. Kettlewell, on whom it was conferred. Mr. Rawlet was author of several other pieces, all of which have a ten- dency to promote practical religion.t GULIELMUS WALKER, S. T. B. scholæ publicæ quondam Ludensis, nunc Granthamiensis, magister, Æt. 59. Before his "EJlg'Üsh ELraJ/lples;," 8vo. \Villiam "\Valker, who was one of the most able schoolmasters of his time, was successively master of the schools of Lowth and Grantham, in Lincolnshire. He wrote several books on grammar, phraseology, rhetoric, and logic; and also, " A modest Plea for Infant Baptism." But the book which gained him most reputation, and which has been oftener printed than any of his works, except his " English Examples," was his "Treatise of English Particles," a judicious performance, and much wanted: it is dedicated to Dr. Busby. lIe is said to have had the honour of instructing Sir Isaac N cwton,t who was born at 'V oolstrope, a hamlet belonging to Col- sterworth,,9 a few miles from Grantham. Of this parish ]\tIre Walker · The late ingenious and learned 1\lr. James l\lerriek, a well known clergyman of Reading, who was indefatigable in his endeavours to promote literature, charity, and piety, has distributed near 10,000 copies of this excellent tract chiefly among the soldiers, many of whom he has brought to a sense of religion.-Though I cherish and reverence the memory, I shall not here attempt the character of this worthy person; so worthy, so exceJIent, that it is, indeed, far beyond my power to do jus- tice to it. t In Dr. James Stonehouse's II Friendly Letter to a Patient just admitted into an Infirmary," p. 25. edit. 6, are these words: II I canllot here forbear mentioning to persons of tolerable circumstances (if this letter should come into such hands), I Rawlet's Treatise on Sacramental Covenanting,' which has passed through eight editiuns, and is, in my opinion, a lively and judicious book, in which there is a 11appy mixture of the instructive and pathetic." t This is contradicted in the" Gentleman's Magazine," for Nov. 1772, p. b22. Pupularly called Coltsworth. 52 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY was rector, and he lies buried in his own church with the following inscription on his tomb, which alludes to his capital work: Hic jacent Gulielmi \Valkeri Particulæ. o b ii t 1 roo Aug tl . { Dom. 1684, Anno Ætatis,61. He had a son who was vicar of Sunning, in Berkshire. ED"\V ARDUS BOYS, S. T. B. LEt. 66. W Faithorue 8C. Before his Ser7Jzolls. Edward Boys, who received the former part of his education at Eton school, was afterward successively a scholar and fellow of Corpus Christi College, in Cambridge. In 1634, he was appointed one of the university preachers; and, in 1640, was, by \Villiam Paston, esq. presented to the rectory of Th'Iáutby, in Norfolk. 1\11'. Masters, to whom I am indebted for this account of him, " appre- hends" that he was chaplain to Charles I. He certainly deserved that distinction, as he was a man of acknowledged merit, and a justly-admired preacher; and therefore lnuch in favour with the bishop of Norwich. Roger Flynt, the editor of his sennons, with difficulty obtained leave of the dying autllor to communicate them to the public; but it was upon condition" that he slwuld say nothing of him." From which he leaves the reader to judge how great a man he was, who made so little of himself. He hopes, however, that he may add, without breach of promise, " that when a man's genius is fitted for government; when his person is guarded with authority, and his deportment with gravity; when his courage is tempered with moderation, and his knowledge with discretion; when a priest and a gentleman meet in one person, the church must needs suffer a great Joss, that such a one should expire in a country village consisting only of four farmers. But I must say no l110re than this, that he was nephew to Dr. Boys, that famous dean of Canterbury; and thou mayest judge by his writings; they were near of kin." The Rev. RICHARD KINGSTON, M. A. and preacher of St. J ames s, Clerkenwell. [Tnder the head, OF ENGLAND. 53 'lvhich is engraved ill the lUanneI' oj' Gay'wood, are four Latinliues: "Unzbra Viri facies," 8se. 8vo. TIle print is 'prifi.J}ed to !tis" ]:Jiluhp Pestileìltales," II serUlon preached at fjY. Palll'.c;, in the 'lnidst of the late sore visitation, printed ill 1665. The head is copied by Richardson. Richard Kingston should be here mentioned with distinction and honour. In the midst of the dreadful pestilence, when" thousands fell on his right hand, and ten thousands on his left," he appeared to be under the peculiar care of Providence. At this time, as he informs us in the preface, he was occupied by day in yisiting the sick, and by night in burying the dead; having no time for study but what he deducted from his natural rest. JOHANNES GOAD, artis astro-n1eteorologicæ in- staurator, Æt. 62, 1677, 'c. R. Ullzite sc. Before his postlUl1JlOllS work, entitled, "Astro-J1Ieteorolog;ia sana," Sj'c. 4to. 1690. This print is much like the author. John Goad, who was educated at St. John's College, in Oxford, was, near twenty years, chief master of Merchant Taylors' school, in London. In 1681, he was ejected from this mnployment, on account of some passages which savoured strongly of popery, in his "Con1ment on the Church Catechism," C0111posed for the use of his scholars. After his ejectment, he taught school in 'Vest- minster. He was a man in general esteem for his probity and learning, and particularly for his abilities as a schoolmaster. He died Oct. 28, 1689, having, a few years before, declared himself a Roman Catholic.* He was author of several sermons, and one or two vocabularies, &c. but his great work, which employed him for a considerable part of his life, was his " Astro-Meteorologica; Or Aphorisms and Discourses of the Bodies celestial, their Natures and Influences, discovered frOlll the Variety of the Alterati:Jns of the Air, temperate or intemperate, as to Heat or Cold, Frost, Snow, Hail, Fog, Rain, 'Vind, Storm, Lightnings, Thunder, Blasting, Hurricane," &c. London, 1686, foI. This book gained the author a great reputation. The subject of it is a kind of astrology, founded, .. It appears from l\1r. \V OOt"S accouut of him, that he unly outwarcHy con. formed to the church of England, from the year 1660. 54 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY for the most part, on reason and experiment, as will appear by conl- paring it with Mr. Boyle's" History of the Air," and Dr. Mead's book " De Imperio Solis et Lunæ." JOHANNES NEWTON, lEe. 39, 1660; before " lJIathe17zatieal Elenlents, by John j\/ewto71, lYf. A." 1660; 4to. John Newton, who was some time a COlnmoner of Edmund Hall, in Oxford, was, soon after the restoration, created doctor of divinity, made chaplain to the king, and preferred to the rectory of Ross, in Herefordshire. He seems, by his works, to have run through the whole circle of sciences. There is in the " Athenæ Oxonienses," a catalogue of his books of arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, astronomy, the seven liberal arts, cosmography, geo- graphy, logic, and rhetoric; down to ephemerides, almanacks, and instructions for children to read. Mr. \V ood speaks of him as a learned man, hut of a singular and capricious character. Ob. Jan. 1678-9. EDMUNDUS ELISEUS, A. M. ColI. Bal. quon- dam Socius. He thus writes hÙnselj in the title-page to his" lYIiseellanea," 1662, 4to, before 'lchieh is an anony- 'J7Z0llS print of lzÙn by Faithorne, ill an oetag'on franze. Ætatis suæ 28. An o . Do. 1662. With coat of arrJls. EDl\IUND ELISEUS; in an octagon fralne;, c. TV. Richardson; 4to. Edmund Elys, * son of a clergyman in Devonshire, was educated at Baliol College, in Oxford. In 1655, about the time when he took the degree of bachelor of arts, being then fellow of the col- lege, he published a small volume of divine poems, and another in 1658. The same year he published " Miscellanea," in Latin and English verse, and several short essays in Latin prose. This book was reprinted in 1662. In the preface, and more particularly at p. 32, he speaks with great sensibility of some persons who had decried his performances, and aspersed his character on account of · So written hy l\Ir. ,V ood. OF ENGLAND. 55 some levities and sallies of youth. In 1659, he succeeded his father in the rectory of East Allington, in Devonshire. His con- duct appears to have been irreproachable after he entered into holy orders. He, by his writings, has given sufficient testimony of his parts, industry, and learning'. The most remarkable of his nume- rous works, which are mentioned by Wood, is the pamphlet which he published against Dr. Tillotson's" Sermons on the Incarnation;" 2nd the most estimable is his volume of" Letters," &c. as some of them were written to eminent persons, particularly. Dr. Sherlock and Dr. Bentley. There are also letters from Dr. Henry lVlore, Dr. Barlow, and others, to Edmund Elys. He was living, and in studious retirement, in 1693, at which time he was a nonjuror. See " Athen. Oxon." ii. col. 943. CLEMENT ELLIS, An. Ætat. 68; clel"ical habit, 81/lall8vo. Under the head is a mernzaid in a circle.* Clement Ellis was born in Cumberland, and educated at Queen's College, in Oxford, of which he became fellow. He was patronised by 'Villiam, marquis, and afterward duke, of Newcastle; who pre- sented him to the rectory of I{irkby, in N ottinghamshire, of which he was the laborious, useful, and exemplary minister. His writings, except one or two juvenile pieces of poetry, have a tendency to promote practical religion. His principal work is "The Gentile Sinner, or England's brave Gentleman characterised, in a letter to a Friend," 1660, snlall 8vo. of which several editions have been published.t His small tract, entitled "Christianity in short; or the short Way to be a g'ood Christian; recommended to such as want either time or capacity for reading' longer and learned Dis- courses," was, perhaps, oftener printed than any of his works. This was one of the popular tracts which was pirated and vilely printed on tobacco paper, "by Henry Hills, in Black-Friars, for the benefit of the poor ;" by which was meant the poor purchaser. · The print, according to the strictness of chronology, may possibly belong to a subsequent reign. t The writer, in this book, first draws the character of a vain and debauched man of fashion; ne t of those who are vicious in a less degree; and concludes with that of a Christian gentleman. This work, which was written in a fortnight, in the early part of the author's life, is not without merit, either in design or composi- tion; but we, in the course of it, too frequently meet with the fulsome metaphors of fauatics, nds the first and last of these books to young students. See his U Family Expositor," vol. iii. p. 378. OF ENGLA D. 65 in the primitive Times;" 1681; 4to. in answer to Dr. Stillingfleet. This book shews hirn to have been a man of great reading in church history. . MATTHÆUS POLE (vel. POOLE), &c. (M. A.) R. White sc. h. sh. This learned critic and casuist finished, in ten years, a work that seemed sufficient to employ a much longer life than his own. It is entitled, " Synopsis Criticorum aliorumque S. Scripturæ Interpre- tum," and is printed in five large volulnes in folio. It contains not only an abridgment of the nine volumes of the " Critici Sacri," and various other expositors,* but abo extracts and abridgments of a great number of small treatises and pamphlets, which, though of con- siderable merit, would have been otherwise neglected or lost. The plan of it was judicious, t and the execution lllore free from errors than seems consistent with so g.'eat a work, finished in so short a time, by one man.! IVIr. Poole made a great progress in the Eng- lish Annotations on the Bible, completed after his decease by several divines, and published in two volumes folio. He was author of some other pieces of less note. His name was among those who were to be murdered by the Papists, according to the deposition of Titus Oates. In 1679, he retired to Amsterdam, where he died the same year, not without suspicion of being poisoned. JOHANNES HOWE, V. D. M. (M. A.) White sc. Svo. JOHN HO'VE. G. Kneller p. J. Caldwall sc. II/, the " NonconforrJlists' ]}Iemorial." J OH)J" HO"T E. Riley del. Trotter sc. .. See Trapp's Preface to his H Explanatory Notes on tbe Four Gospels," p. 5. t This stupendous work was undertaken by the advice of the very learned Bishop Lloyd, as appears by a letter of that prelate, addressed to the famous 1\lr. DodweIJ, and communicated to me by his son, Mr. DodweH, archdeacon of erks. t This book is of late much sunk in its price, though intrinsicalJy as good as ever. The truth is, Latin commentaries on the Scriptures are little regarùed ; but we have English ones as often as we have new almanacks. I have myself known about twenty published within these last twenty years. VOL. V. K 66 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY JOHANNES Ho"rE, M. A. J. Pine sc. copied fro111 lVhite. John Howe, who had been chaplain to Cromwell, was one of the most learned and poJite writers among the dissenters. His reading in divinity was very extensive: he was a good orientalist, and un- derstood several of the modern languages. His sermons, and other practical pieces, which are numerous, wen , for the most part, pub- lished in tbis reign. His" Blessedness of the Righteous" was the most generally esteemed of his performances. He was an admÌ1'ed preacher, but was sometimes too profound for ordinary capacities. There is an uncommon depth of thought in several of his works. It is observable, that his friend Dr. Tillotson asserted, in a sermon preached at court the 2d of Apri], 16 Q, that" no man, without an extraordinary commission from heaven, testified by working mira- cles as the apostles did, ought to affront the establi hed religion of a nation, tlwugll it be false, and openly to draw men offfrom the pro- fession of it, in contempt of the magistrate and the law," &c. 1\1r. Howe did not only write him a long letter upon this erroneous doc- trine, but expostulated with him upon it in a friendly manner: upon which Dr. Tillotson burst into tears, and frankly acknowledged that it was not to be justified. Ob. 2 April, 1705. JOSEPHUS CARYL. White sc. h. slz. Before Ilis COlll1llentary, 'c. JOSEPH CARYL, &c. (M. A.) R. White sc. 8vo. JOSEPH CARYL with CALAl\IY and others. JOSEPH CARYL. G. Kneller p. J. Caldwall sc. III the " Nonconfor'lnists' Me17lorial." Joseph Caryl, a moderate Independent, was some tilne a com.. monel' at Exeter College, in Oxford. He was one of the assembly of divines, and a frequent preacher before the Long Parliament in tbe reign of Charles I. He was several times appointed to attend upon that unhappy prince, particularly when he was a prisoner at Holdenby, and a little before his death; but the king waved all offers of his service. In 1650, he and Dr. Owen were, by order of parliament, sent to attend on Cromwell ill Scotland, and to OF ENGLAND. 67 officiate as ministers. He was a man of parts and leaming, and of indefatigable industry. He was author of a considerable number of sermons; but his great work is an endless" Commentary on Job," in two volumes folio, which consist of upwards of six hundred sheets.* It is also printed in twelve volumes 4to. Ob. Feb. 1672-3.t THOMAS DOOLITTLE, (M.A.) Æt.51. R. White sc. Before his " Treatise on the Lord's Supper," 1680; 121no. John Dunton, who printed the book, informs us that Robert White, who was successful in likenesses, got much reputation by this head. Dunton's U Life," p. 346. THOl\IAS DOOLITTLE; anonynzous,. six Eng'Zish verses, "Dust drawn to the life, yet dull and shorl/g dead," 8sc. TnO:UAS DOOLITTLE. R. White sc. J. Slurt,. 1211l0. THO::\1AS DOOLITTLE, in a 'lvig. J. Cald'lvall sc. In the" NonconfornÛsts' lJIIenzorial." THO)IAS- DOOLITTLE. Cross sc. Four English verses. TUOl\IAS DOOI..ITTLE, holding; a book; 121120. · It is indiscreet in an author to be voluminous, as the generality even of scholars are too lazy even to read books of an enormous length. Indeed the agc of Charles II. or rather the seventeenth century, was the age of dull rhapsodies and folios. I speak not this in disparagement of Mr. Caryl's performance: but a commentary on the" Iliad," in twenty-four volumes in folio, which bears much the same proportion to this on the Hebrew poet, must needs be heavy and rlJapsodical, though written by LOl1ginus himself. One just remark has been made on its utility, that it is a \'el'Y sufficient exercise for the virtue of patience, which it was chiefly intended to incul- cate and improve. t A great-grandson of this Mr. Caryl was lately a mercer in the Strand, but is now retired from business, and bas an estate in Hertfordshire. Dr. Lyndford Caryl, master of JC!US College, Cambridge, and prebendary of Canterbury, Lincoln, and SouthweU, is his great ncphew. 68 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY Thonlas Doolittle, a native of Kidderminster, in W orceslershite, . was minister of St. Alphage, in London, before the ejecbnent. Mr. Baxter, who thought him a promising youth, sent him to Pem- broke Hall, in Cambridge; where he made such a proficiency in learning, as fully answered his expectation. He kept a private academy in J\tIonkwell-street, Cripplegate, where he continued to preach, and trained up several ministers of considera le note. He had the character of a serious and affectionate preacher, and was very assiduous in catechising. He published books of pråctical divinity to almost the time of his death, which was on the 24th of May, 1707.* In the " History of Europe," for that year, he is said to have built the first Ineeting-house in London, and to have been the cc last that survived of the ministers ejected by the act of uniformity." His" Treatise on the Sacrament" has, perhaps, been oftener printed than any other book on that subject; and his" Call to delaying Sinners" has gone through many editions. He was father of Samuel Doolittle, some time a minister at Reading, in Berkshire. TI-IOMAS GOUGE, eM. A.) Riley p. R. White sc. Before his " Funeral Serulon," 1682; 12JJlo. THO::\1AS GOUGE. Van Hove sc. THOl\IAS GOUGE. Vande1" GucIz[; 8vo. THOl\IAS GOUGE. J. Riley p. Collyer sc. III the " Nonconfo'r17zists' JJIenzorial." Thomas Gouge, minister of 81. Sepulchre's, in London, from the year 1638, to 1662, was son of Dr. 'Villiam Gouge, of Blackfriars. He was, throughout his life, a person of exemplary piety; and was, especially in the latter part of it, such an example of charity, as none but men of fortune, and of en]arged and benevolent minds like his own, could imitate. He caused Inany thousand copies of the "Bible," "Church Catechism," "Practice of Piety," and c, 'Vhole Duty of Man," to be printed in the 'Vehh language, and dispersed over Wa]es; where he set up three or four hundred · :5ce Calamy, vol. iii. p. 76. UF ENGLAND. 6H . schools.. He constantly travelleð over that country once or twice a year; where he inspected every thing relating to the schools him- self, and instructed the people both in public and private. He was author of several practical books, which he usually di tributed gratis wherever he went. He was a stranger to the narrow bigotry of sects, and loved good Inen of every denomination. He was con- stantly cheerful, and scarce ever knew what sickness was. He died in his sleep, with a single groan,t in the year_ 168], and the 77th of his age. His funeral sermon was preached by Dr. Tillotson, who speaks thus of him: "There have not, since the primitive times of Christianity, been many among the sons of men, to whom the glorious character of the Son of God might be better applied, that He went about doing good." WILLIAM JENKIN, (IVI. A.); a 8JJlall head, in a plate 'lvith se1Jeral others.-See J ACOl\IB. W ILLIAl\1 JENKIN. Gibson p. Burder sc. In the " NOJlconfol'nlists' Ienlorial." 'Villiam Jenkin, who was by his mother, descended from John Rogers, the proto-martyr in the reign of l\1ary, received his edu- cation at St. John's College, in Cambridge. About the year] 641, he was chosen minister of Christ Church, in l..ondon, and soon after lecturer at St. Anne's, Blackfriars. When the Independent fac- tion prevailed, he was suspended from his ministry and deprived of his benefice for refusing to observe the public thanksgivings en- joined by the parliament. He afterward embarked in a design for restoring the king, for which his friend Mr. Love was be- headed: but on presenting a petition to the parliament they voted him a pardon. Upon the death of Dr. Gouge, he was chosen mi.. nister of Blackfriars, which he afterward quitted for the benefice from which he had been ejected. He, for several years, preached upon the names given to Christ in Scripture, and a course of sermons upon the Epistle of Jude, which he published. Mr. Baxter styles him a sententious and elegant preacher. He continued to preach in private after the act of uniformity took place; and even in, and · He was assisted by his friends in these c1mrÏtable works. t Everyone of bis friends were rcady to cry (mt on this occasion, Sic mihi contingat vivcre, icque mori! 70 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY after the year 1682, when the nonconformists were more obnoxious to the laws than ever, he went from place to place, and preached where he thought he could do it with most secrecy.* He was at length surprised by a party of soldiers, and sent to N ewgate ; where he died the 19th of Jan. 1684-5. "He was buried by his friends with great honour; many eminent persons, and some scores of mourning coaches attending his funeral."t THOMAS CASE, (M. A.); a small head, with se.. veral otlteJ's.-See J ACOl\iB. Thomas Case, who was educated at Christ Church, in Oxford, was one of the assembly of divines in the late reign, and a frequent preacher before the parliament. He distinguished himself by his zeal for the Covenant,! to which he, with his usual constancy, ad- · As the laws, in this reign, were very severe against all religious assemblies which were not of the established church, the nonconformists sometimes met in very obscure places in the country. There is a tradition, that a congregation of Pro- testant dissenters were assembled in a barn, which frequently harboured beggars and other vagrants; and that the preacher, for want of a ladder or a tub, was sus- pended in a sack affixed to a beam. He preached that day upon the last judg- ment, and, towards the close of his sermon, entered upon a description of the terrors of that tribunal. He had no sooner mentioned the II sounding of the trumpet," than a strolling mimic-trumpeter who lay concealed in the straw, began to exert himself. The congregation, struck with the utmost consternation, fled in an instant from the place; and left the affrighted preacher to shift for himself. The effects of his fright are said to have appeared at the bottom of the sack; and to have occasioned that opprobrious appellaûon by which the nonconformists were vulgarly distinguished. This idle story, which was communicated by a dissenting minister, was propagated throughout the kingdom, in the reign of Charles II. t Calamy. t I cannot help observing, that there is something so sanguinary in one, at least, of his sermons, that, like that of Josias How,9 of Trinity College, Oxford, it should have been printed in red letters. In the sermon preached before the court martial, 1644, he says, II Noble sirs, imitate God, and be merciful to none that have sinned of malicious wickedness;" meaning the royalists, ,vho were frequently styled malignants. 9 He was a native of Grendon Underwood, Bucks. The sermon, of which only thirty copies were taken, was thus printed by command of Charles I. The author is said to have made a whimsical vow, that if he ever printed any thing, it should be in red letters. See VV ood's II Fasti," ii. 56, and Hearne's II Glossary to Robert of Gloucester," p. 669. He died in 1701, aged 90. His sermon is mentioned here 8S a very singular curiosity. 'Vood had never seen it; but Hearne had a copy. O.F ENGLAND. 71 hered. He was some tin1e minister of St. l\lary Magdalen's, in Milk-street; but was ejected thence for refusing the Engagement; and became afterward rector of St. Giles's in the Fields. He was imprisoned for six months in the Tower, together with Mr. Jenkin, Dr. Drake, and l\lr . Watson, for conspiring against the Independent governmel!.t: tbis was commonly called Love's plot. They appear to have been equally engaged in a design to restore the king; but aU, except Love, were pardoned upon their submission. He first began the morning exercise, or lecture, which was long continued at Cripplegate, and other parts of the city. He died the 30th of May, 1682, in the 84th year of his age, after having survived every one of the dissenters that sat in the assembly of divines. His works are chiefly sermons. Mr. Baxter styles him" an old, faith- ful servant of God." SIMEON ASHE; a s1Jzallltead, 1.vitlz a scull. It is in tlte sarne plate witlt that of Jacolnb, 'C. Simeon Ashe, who was educated at Emmanuel College, in Caln- bridge, under Dr. Stooker, was intimate with Hildersham, Dod, Ball, Langley, and other nonconformists eminent in their day. He exercised his ministry in London for about three-and-twenty years. In the time of the civil war, he was chaplain to the Earl of War- wick. As he was a man of fortune and character, his influence was great among the Presbyterians. He had no inconsiderable hand in the restoration of Charles the Second. Dr. Calamy speaks of him as a man of sanctity, benevolence, and hospitality. "He was," says that author, " a Christian of primitive simplicity, and a nonconformist of the old stamp." How far the narrow bigotry of a sect, and acrimony of railing, may accord with " primitive sim- plicity," I leave the reader to judge. I an1 very certain that he proves himself to be a noncunformist of the old stamp by bitter invec- tives against the conforming clergy, whom he calls" blind seers, idle drones, misguiding guides, and scandalous ministers, who plucked down more with their foul hands than they built up with their fair tongues.". Ob. 1662. He published Ball's works, and several sermons of his own composition. The reader is referred to . Walker and Calamy for the particulars of his character. · Sermon before the Commons, 1 G42. 72 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY THOMAS LYE, (M. A.); a small head, with se:' veralothers. See J ACOl\IB. Mr. ,V ood says this head is very like him. Thomas Lye, who was some time a servitor at Wadham College, in Oxford, was, in the time of the interregnum, made minister of Chard, in Somersetshire; whence he was ejected for refusing to swear contrary to the Covenant. In 1658, he became pastor of All-hallows church, in Lombard.street, London; and was, the next year, made one of the approvers of ministers, as he had been be- fore in Somersetshire. He was famous for catechising children, and writing books for their instruction. His manner of instructing was so engaging, that the children came with eagerness to be ca- techised by him. His" Explanation of the shorter Catechism," and his" Child's Delight," have been often printed. Mr. Wood, in his account of his sermons, says he has one in " The Morning Exercise at St. Giles's in the Fields, near London, in l\lay, 1659." Lond. 1676, 4to. In which" Morning Exercise," one John Tillot- son* hath also a sermon. Ob. 7 July, 1684. THOMAS 'V ATSON, &c. (M. A.) J. Slltrt sc. THO:\IAS WATSON. Hove,. prefi 'ed to his" Art of Contentment," 1662; 8vo. Thomas 'Vatson, who was educated at Emmanuel College, in Cambridge, was minister of St. Stephen's 'Valbrook, in Lonùon, where he was much admired as a preacher; and his powers in praying extempore, are said to have been very extraordinary. Dr. Calamy tells us, that Bishop Richardson, before the Bartholomew act took place, went to hear him on a lecture day, and was much taken with his sermon, but more with his prayer after; that he fol- lowed him home to thank hilll, and beg a copy of the prayer; and that the prelate was surprised, when he tolù him it was not preme- ditated. His "Art of Divine Contentment" has been oftener printed than any of his works. After his death, was published his !It This one Jvhn Tillotson resembles much tbe one Walpole of Dr. Swift, in his Last Four Years of Queen Anne. But Swift improves upon it by his Apoiogy for having made mention of a person so obscure. Bishop Burnet was censured fOI having said one Prio7'. OF ENGLAND. 73 " Body of Divinity, or Course of Sermons," 1692, folio, to which his portrait is prefixed. * SAMUEL CLARKE, (Sen r .) Æt. 50, 1649; in his hair . four English Vel"Ses,. prifi,l'led to his " Lives of the Fathers," 'c. 1650; 4to. T. Cross sc. SAJ\IUEL CLARKE. R. Gaywood f. 4to. SAl\tIUEL CLARKE. R. White sc. h.. she SAlVIUEL CLARKE, Æt. 75, Oct. 10, 1674. Bin- ne'lnan sc. Before his" Looking-glass for Persecutors." SAl\IUEL CLARKE, &c. Uï: Tringha'ln sc. h. she SAl\1:UEL CLARKE. J. Dunstall sc. half sheet. SAl\IUEL CLARKE, Æt. 50, 1649; in a cap. Cross sc. S.Al\1UEL CLARKE, Æt. 65, 1664; larger; prifiæed to his "lJfartyrology /' 4to. T. Cross sc. SAl\IUEL CLARKE; 4to. Dahl pin.v. (Spilsbury.) Samuel Clarke, a preacher and writer' of considerable note, was, during the interregnum, and at the time of the ejection, minister of St. Bennet Fink, in London. In November, 1660, he, in the name of the Presbyterian n1inisters, presented an address of thanks to the king, for his declaration for liberty of conscience. He was one of the commissioners at the Savoy, and behaved on that occasion with great decency and moderation. "He sometimes attended the church as a hearer and a communicant."t He was much esteemed by all that knew him, for his great probity and industry. lIe died the 25th of Dec. 1682. His works were much in vogue among ordinary readers. The author and his bookseller seem to · Dr. Doddridge, in his" Life of Col. Gardiner," p.,St, edit. 1747, mentions a book, written by 'Vatson, with this or the like title: "The Christian Soldier, or Heaven taken by Storm," which was the book in which the colonel had been read_ ing just before his marvellous conversion. t Calamy. 'VOL. Y. L 74 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY have been thorougbly informed of this secret, " That a taking title. page becomes nluch more taking, with an engraved frontispiece be- fore it; and that little pictures, in the body of the book, are great embellishments to style and matter." Mr. Clarke was more a C01l1- piler than an author. His name was anagrammatized to Su (c) kall Cream, alluding to his taking the best parts of those books from which he 111ade his collections. The most valuable of his numerous works are his " Lives of the Puritan Divines, and other Persons of Note j" in which are some things not to be found in other memoirs. Twenty-two of these lives are printed with his "Martyrology." The rest are in his " Lives _ of sundry eminent Persons in this latter Age," 1683, folio j.... and in his cc Marrow of Ecclesiastical History," folio and 4to. SAMUEL CLARKE, M. A. natus Nov. 12, 1626. R. TVhite ad vivurn sc. h. she This person was the son of the former, and much superior to him in parts and learning. He was fellow of Pembroke Hall, in Cambridge, but was ejected from his fellowship for refusing to take the Engagement. He was also ejected afterward, from his rectory of Grendon, in Buckinghamshire. He applied himself early to:the study of the Scriptures; and the books which he publi&hed, as helps to others in the same course of study, are so many proofs of his in- dustry and abilities. His" Annotations on the Bible," printed to- gether with the sacred text, was the great work of his life. It is commenùed in very high terms by Dr. Owen anù Mr. Baxter, as a laborious and judicious performance; and in still higher, by Dr. Calamy, who says, that it '" bears the lively signatures of his exact learning, singular piety, and indefatigable industry; and has been valued by good judges, of different sentiments and persua- sions, considering the brevity of the parts, and entireness of the whole, as the best single book upon the Bible in the world." It has been an excellent fund for some modern commentators, who have republished a great part of it, with very little alteration. N 0- thing is lTIOre comn10n at present, than to buy old books of divinity at three-pence a pound, and retail them to the public at three- · In tbe preface to this book, in which are sevc,'al portraits, is the life of the author, written by himself. It appears by this account, that he was tbe most pain- ful and voluminous compiler of his age. OF ENGLAND. 75 halfpence a sheet. Oh. Feb. 24, 1700-1, Æt. 75. He has been _ confounded with Samuel Clarke, a celebrated orientalist, of whom there is an account, in " Athen. Oxon." II. Col. 456. THOMAS W ADSWÜRTH, M. A. R. White sc. Before his "Re111ains;" 1680; small 8vo. Thomas Wadsworth received his education at Christ's College, in Cambridge, where he was under the care of Mr. Owtram, a tutor of eminence. He was, at the restoration, minister of N ewington Butts, where he not only spent his time, but a great part of his fortune, in works of piety and charity. He distributed Bibles among the poor, and constantly visited his parishioners, and instructed them from house to house. He was, at the time of the ejection, minister of St. Laurence Poultney, in London, and afterward preached privately at Newington, Theobald's, and Southwark. He received nothing for his labours, but was content to spend and be spent in his great l\laster's service. His" Diary," printed at the end of his" Life," contains the strongest proofs of his being an excellent Christian: and it is no less evident, from his practical works, that he strove to make others as good Christians as himself. .He died of the stone, the 29th of Oct. 1676. His composure under the tortures of his distemper was such, as shewed his patience to -be, at least J equal to the rest of his virtues. HENRICUS NEWCOME, M.' A. Mancuniensis. R. White sc. 4to. Henry Newcome, of St. John's College, in Cambridge, was some time rector of Gausworth, in Cheshire, whence, in 1656, he re.. moved to Manchester. He was a man of parts and learning, of great" humanity and modesty, and admired as a preacher by aU that ever heard him. When he wa no longer pernlÏtted to preach, he applied himself diligently to writing, and published discourses on several religious subjects. He was also author of " A faithful Narrative of the Life and Death of that holy and laborious Preacher, Mr. Jóhn Machin, late of Astbury, in Cheshire;" 1671; 8vo. In the latter part of his life, he preached at a chapel on the south side of the town of l\lanchester, which was built on purpose for him. Ob. Sept. 1695, Æt. 68. 76 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY JAMES JANEWAY, (M. A.) four verses, "Tinle uzade no fUrrO'lDS," c. 121JlO. JA IES JANE'VAY. Van Hove sc. 12n20. J Al\IES J ANE'V A Y, together with the heads of Edrll. Calarny, Ralph Venning, and Jos. Caryl. Before " Saints' .1J:leJJzorials, "c. being a Collection of divers Sentences," 1674; 8vo.-All these persons had a hand in this book. James Janeway was the son of a clergyman in Hertfordshire, and the third of five brothers þ who were all bred to the ministry. In 1655, he became a student of Christ Church, in Oxford, and soon after the restoration, minister of Rotherhithe, in Surrey. He was a young man of great industry and strictness of life, and his preaching is said to have been attended with signal effects upon Inany, especially in the time of the plague, when he en ered into the deserted pulpits, and preached to great numbers: he also made it his business to visit the sick. 1\lr. Wood, who says" he was admired for a forward and precious young man, especially by those of the female sex," has omitted this circumstance of his life. His labours, which were too many for his delicate constitution, are said to have hastened his death, which happened on the 16th of March, 1673-4. A considerable number of his sermons are in print. He also published the Life of his elder brother, John, a young man of extraordinary piety: " A Token for Chilùren," often printed. His " Legacy to his Friends," before which is his portrait, contains twenty-seven famous instances of God's providence l in and about sea-dangers and deliverances, &c. 1674; 8vo. See Inore of him in his funeral sermon by Ryther l before which is his print. RALPH VENNING, with several other heads. See the above article. . RALPH VENNING, &c. (M. A.) 'lvho died the loth of .ÃIarch, 1673-4, in tile year of his age, 53. Hollar f. 121J10. OF ENGLAND. 77 Ralph Venning, who had been educated at En1manuel College, in Can1bridge, was, before the ejection,. lecturer of the church of St. Olave, in Southwark, where he was in high repute for his preach- ing. He was, in his charity sermons, a powerful advocate for the poor, among whom he distributed annually some hundreds of pounds. His oratory on this topic is said to be almost irresistible; as some have gone to church with a resolution not to give, and have been insensibly and involuntarily IneIted into compassion, and bestowed their alms with uncommon liberality. As he was a l11an of no faction himself, men of different factions and religions were generally disposed to do justice to his character. He was author of the nine practical treatises, which are all specified by Dr. Calamy. HENRY STUBBES, (or STUBBE) (M. A.) Ob. July 7, 1678; Æt. 73; 121710. I-Ienry Stubbes, who, according to Mr. Wood, was educated at IVlagdalen Hall,. or, according to Dr. Calamy, at'Vadham College, in Oxford, was, for many years, a minister of very considerable note. He exercised his ministry at Wells, in Somersetshire; after- ward at Dursleyand Horsley, in Gloucestershire: but, in the latter part of his life, he resided altogether in London. Here he preached almost every day, and some days twice. He was one of the most moderate and generally respected of the nonconformists; as he loved, so he seemed to be beloved of all good men. Dr. Calao1Y says " he lived like an incarnate angel ;" and Mr. Baxter his inti- mate friend, has, in the " Narrative of his own Life," and the ser- mon which he preached at his funeral, represented him as a Ulan of great sanctity of life, and a blessing to those parts of the kingdOll1 in which he lived. "I scarce remember, says he, the man that I ever knew, that served God with more absolute resignation and de- votedness, in simplicity and godly sincerity; living like the primitive Christians, without any pride or worldly motive; or in whose case I had rather die."-Dr. Calamy and Mr. Wood have given us a list of his practical works; but they have both OlTIitted the follow- ing: "Two Epistles to the professing Parents of baptized Children," wr!tten a little before his death, in 1678. !II If .A then. ûxon." ii. coIl. 668. 78 BIOGRAPHIGAL RISTOR Y CHRISTOPHER NESSE, (M. A.) nlinister of the gospel in Fleet-street, London; Æt. 56, 1678; 8vo.. Christopher Nesse, who was some time of St. John's CoHege, in Cambridge, was a minister in several noted towns in Yorkshire: particularly at Leeds, where, at the time of the ejection, he was lecturer to Dr. Lake, afterward bishop of Chichester. There bad been, for some time, a bickering betwixt the doctor and the lecturer, who preached with warmth against each other's doctrine. After the passing of the Five Mile Act, he preached in several of the vil- lages about Leeds. In 1675, he was in great danger of being sent to prison; which occasioned his flying to London, where he became minister to a private congregation, and spent a great part of his time in writing. The chief of his works, which are numerous, are his "History and Mystery of the Old and New Testament," &c.* in four volulues folio; and his" Church History from Adam," 1681. John Dunton, the book:5eller, tells us, that he wrote for hiIn " The Life of Pope Innocent XL" of which the whole impression sold off in a fortnight. t His style is but very indifferent. Ob. 26 Dec. 1705, Æt. 84. J. FORBES, (M. A.) four English ve'J"ses, "He that views Forbes's face," "c. 1217l0.t J ames Forbes descended from an honourable family in Scotland, wàs educated at Aberdeen, where he took the degree of master of arts, and was afterward admitted to the same degree at Oxford. In 1654, he began to exercise his ministry at Gloucester, where he preached in the cathedral for six years, and exerted himself so n1uch, that his life was apparently in danger. He was strongly persuaded by Dean Frampton, afterward bishop of Gloucester, to conform to the church; but persisted in his nonconformity. He was very assiduous in preaching privately, when he could no longer preach in public; which occasioned his being several times imprisoned, and once for a whole year. He was, as to his tenets, a strict Cal- vinist, and an Independent. He was liberal and charitable to a degree beyond his circumstances, and was greatly respected for his · The reader will find some things well worth his notice in these volumes. t Dunton's CI Life." * There is a print from the same pJatp., with the name of l\lurford on it, concer:ning whom, after particular search, I cannot find the least mention. The verses under the head denote him a poet. Calamy. OF ENGLAND. 79 learning and piety. He died the 31st of May, 1712, in the 83d year of his age, and lies buried at Gloucester, where he constantly resided in the latter part of his life. "He was off and on," as Dr. CalanlY tells us, "fifty-eight years minister in that city." The most considerable of his works is his " Christian directed in the Way to Heaven." NATHANAEL VINCENT, (M.A.) &c. R. White delin. et sc. Befol"e his " True Touchstone of Grace and Nature," 1681; srnall 8vo. Nathaniel Vincent, who receivell his education at Christ Church, in Oxford, became a member of that university at eleven years of age; and, when he was about eighteen, took the degree of master of arts. We are informed by Mr. Wood, that before he took that degree he was an extravagant and dissolute young man; but that afterward he was visibly reformed, and was appointed chaplain in ordinary to King Charles II.- He soon became a very noted preacher and writer; and as he was one of the most assiduous, so he was also one of the most unfortunate of hi nonconforming brethren. He was several times imprisoned, and heavily fined for holding con- venticles; and was once sentenced to suffer three years' imprison- ment, and then banishment, in pursuance of an act n1ade in the 25th of Elizabeth. But his counsel finding a flaw in the indict- ment, the sentence was never carried into execution. He distin- guished himself by preaching amidst the ruins after the fire of London, where multitudes assembled to hear him, many of whose consciences were awakened by that dreadful calamity.t He died ill 1697. He was author of many sermons, and other practical pieces of divinity. .. 1\1r. Wood says, that he preached before the king at Np.wmarket in a Jong periwig, &c. according to the then fashion for gentlemen, and that his maje5ty wa much offended at it, &c. &c. t Thomas Yincent" his brother, a man of a similar character, exerted himself on the same occasion; as he did also in the time of the pestilence, when he con- stantly preached and visited the sick, but escaped the distemper himself. He was author of " God's terrible Voice to the City by Plague and Fire;" and published another book of the like kind" occasioned by an eruption of Mount Ætna, en- titled, " Fire and Brimstone; I. From Heaven, in the burning of Sodom and Gomorrah formerly; II. From Earth, in the burning of l\Iount Ætna lately; III. From Hell, in the burning of the wicked eternally;" 1670; 8vo. I Lave mentioned this book, as it is nut specified in the li::,t of his works by Dr. Calamy. , o BIOGR PHICAL HISTOR\ GEORGE GRIFFITH.. I. ..l. R. -hi sc. -lto. The print, which is anonmou, is known by this ID.....'Cription: . 3105:: ;ladly would I learn, and gladly teach." ::.\Ir. Georg Griffith who Wa5 educated at Emmanuel College, in Cambrid= , was ... o:-e th ejection a pre-acher at the Cbarter- hou..e, and a weekly IecttIrt:r at St. Bartholomew', behind the Exchan . In 165 , he was added to the numbEr () those divines who were appointed com mi sioners for the approbation or rejection o min- er5, and who WE're - ting-uished by the name of Triers.t Dr. Ca1amJ in Or:m5 us th t he was much followed in the former part of hi3 lit"e, or his C e3 invention and devotion in prayer; but that ....htn he W ad\""anced in year his congre?3-tion declined. The 'aIDe author, who make no mention of any thin written by him _-v .. U3 also to under tand, that he a man of an agreeable con\""i:r;;.ation and polite behaviour. The Re\'". 3Ir. B...-L.\:TER: frollJ a 1 origi1lal ill the .) \ "ði 0 th R l. Jr. Bt: l.a zi 1 F au:c t a Kid- der inç .S' ilsbury . h. sh. e::. RICHARD BA XTER: a h J..... e._ ht E I_fish .er.\f..5; -tto. ...... ....... a ahle hefore hi 11 . RICH_ RDLS BAxTERr ...4. 16iO. _Ð. 5.5. R. TJ-hi_ sc. RICHARDr BAXTERl:"S, &c. eiðht E lc1iðh er.s s. B ore hi . P _1 a .8 Fa nily B ol.," 167..t; Q .0. · Th- ppe rs from KeDn t's U Re;i- eer and Chronicle," p. 933, 9J-t. The f of both bi3 mentioned by Dr. CalamI, as takin:::l hi! m3.!ter'5 degree in 17:.. -, as aft.e.f'Ward bi h p St. _\ a b. t T T riel! ( the m 3t part b .:ht tbe te t to a sbort j De. If a minhter r ve. u the ve point! .1 - - , embraced the ten t5 r Calrin and . in i - _, }- :: _ . raJly q i ed to b Id any l'(:neñce in the ch ch. OF E"\GLAXD. ';1 . RICHARDU B_ XTr:Rt:S b:c. eight EnglÙh z:er.'j'es. R. White sc. Befr re his "Ca holic Theology'. 16i 5 ; folio. RICHARDCS B o\XTERCS, .../:..-'. 62. R. TT hite .sc. h. she RICHARD BAXTER. J. Riley del. J. Caldl 'all sc. In tIle " l.' OJlco/lfor}]zists JIeJlIOrial. RICHARD BAXTER, ...Ð. i6. T. D. to Izis " Call the l /lCOJlcerted ;., 121110. 1696. RICHARD BAXTER; Sl l' t'erses; ...Et. 76. J. Dra- peniier; scarce; fol. RICHARD BAXTER. J Hove,. to his c. Funeral Se, 11 - 172011 a lld Life;" fol. RICH_-\RD B_-\.x TER, .-Ð. 76.. J. llrt. RICH_-\RD B_-\XTER. G. Terfue sc. èl.O. RICH_-\RD B_-\XTER. R. 1 Izite sc. to lzis 'e. Life a 1 T' orks, 1696. fal. RICH_\RD B_-\XTER; lcitlz a sc II; 12 110. RICHARDCS B_-\XTERUS. _ll'tltur ly sc. 16S3. I:! 110. Richard Baxter was a man famous for weal-nes.: of body and strength of mind; for haY'ing the strong-est sense of religion him- self, and e citing a ense of it in the tbougbt1e s and the profii;ate; for preaching more sermons, enga;ing in n10re contro\ ersies and writin:::- more books, than any other nonconformist of his age. He spoke, disputed, and \\"Tote with ease; and discovered the I.,ame in- trepidit'\"" when he repro\ ed Cromwell, and expcstulated with Charles II. as when he preacbed to a congregation 0 mEchanics. His zeal for relicrion was. extraordinarr. but it seems never to haye . prompted him to faction, or carriEd him to enthusiasm. This VOL. Y. '\( 82 B lOG RAPI-I ICAL HISTORY champion of the Presbyterians was the common butt of men of every other religion, and of those who were of no religion at all. But this had very little effect upon him: his presence and his firm- ness of mind on no occasion forsook him. He was just the sam man before. he went into a prison, while he was in it, and when he came out of it; and he maintained a uniformity of character to the last gasp of his life. His enemies have placed him in hell; but every man who has not ten times the bigotry that Mr. Baxter him- self had, must conclude that he is in a better place. This is a very faint and imperfect sketch of 1\lr. Baxter's character: men of his size are not to be drawn in miniature. His portrait, in full propor- tion, is in his " Narrative of his own Life and Times ;" which, though a 1'hapsody composed in the manner of a diary, contains a great variety of memorable things, and is itself, as far as it goes, a history of nonconformity. His" Catholic Theology," and his " Saints' Everlasting Rest," are the most considerable of his wri- tings, which consist of a hundred and forty-five different treatises. His " Call to the Unconverted" has been oftener printed than any of his works. * See the following reign. MAT1"HÆUS MEAD, 1683. R. TVlzite sc. Before his" Good of early Obedience," 1683; 8vo. There is a copy of this by Nutting, prifi 'ced to his" Young faJl's Relnernbranccr," tt book not 1Jzentioned by Dr. Calamy. MATT. MEAD, LEt. 60, 1691. R. White sc. fol. Matthew Mead descended from a good famiJy in Buckingham- shire, was some time luinister of Brickhill, in that county; whence he removed to Stepney, near London, where he resided the greater part of his life. I-Ie was long a very eminent preacher, and of no · Baxter was the chief of the commissioners for the Presbyterians, at the con- ference held at th Savoy; the issue of which was, that both parties were much further from a comprehension than they were before it began. At p. 54 of Archdeacon Sharp's II Visitation Charges," in the notes, is the fol- lowing passage, subjoined to that part of the charge where the author speaks con- cerning the admission of schismatics, not lying under ecclesiastical censures, to the sacrament. u This matter was thoroughly considered in the case of Ir. Richard Baxter, the famous nonconformist, if he may be called so, who constantly attended the church-service and sacrament in the parish where he lived, at those times when he was not engaged at his own meeting-house." O.F ENGLAND. 83 . mall note as a casuist and a writer; his" Almost Christian/' being esteemed an excellent perfonna.nce. Though he was accounted a zealous nonconformist, he never meddled with controversies, but was extremely desirous of a union of all visible Christians.* He was, among other innocent persons, accused as an accomplice in the Rye-house plot; upon which he fled into Holland, and carried his son Richard with him, whom he placed under an excellent schoolmaster. This son, who was the eleventh of his thirteen children, rose to great eminence in the profession of physic, and was many years physician to George II. After his return to Eng- Jand, he was summoned to appear before the privy council, where he very fully vindicated his innocence, and was presently discharged. He died on the 16th of Oct. 1699. 1\1r. John Howe, who preached his funeral sermons, represent him as a man of exemplary conduct in every relation of life. JOHN FLi\ VEL, Æt. 50, 1680. R. White sc. 4to. J OIIN FLA VEL, Æt. 59, 1689. R. White sc. 8vo. JOHN FLA VEL. V. Gucllt . to his" Works;" fol. JOHN FLA VEI . J. Caldwall sc. In the "Noncoll- fornlÌsts' Menzorial." JOHN FI..AVEL. R. Cooper sc.folio. John Flavel, who was educated at University College, in Oxford, was minister of Deptford, and afterward at Dartmouth, in DevQn- shire, where he resided the greatest part of hi life. He wrote many pieces of practical divinity, some of which were calculated for sailors; particularly his " Navigation spiritualized, or aNew Compass for Seamen, consisting of thirty-two Points of pleasant Observations, and serious Reflections, 8vo. to which are subjoined spiritual Poems." He was also author of " Husbandry spiritual- ized, &c. to which are added Occasional Meditations upon Beasts, Birds, Trees, li'lowers, Rivers, and several other objects,"t 8vo. He was long a constant and frequent preacher, and was thought to " Scrmon at his funeral. by .1\11'. JoLn IIo\H'. t See the note under the article of Dr. COr.LI G , ill this Class. 84 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOR Y have a good talent that way. Part of his Diary, printed with his Remains, lnust give the reader a high idea of his piety. Though he was generally respected at Dartmouth, yet, in 1685, several of the aldermen of that place, attended by the rabble, carried about a ridiculous effigy of him, to which were affixed the Covenant, and the Bill of Exclusion. He thought it prudent at that time to with- draw from the town, not knowing what treatment he Inight meet with hitnself, from a riotous mob, headed by magistrates who were themselves among the lowest of Inankiud. Db. 26 June, 1691, Æt. 61. His works were printed after his death, in two volumes folio. Mr. EDMUND TRENCH. lJI. Beale p. R. TVlzite sc. lVlotto, "Ill SÙnplicity and goodly Sincerity." Before his Life, drawn out of his Olvn Diary, 1693; 12J7to. Edmund Trench, when he was about sixteen years of age, was sent to Queen's College, in Cambridge, whence he removed to l\fagdalen Hall, in Oxford, where he stayed about two years. He afterward studied physic abroad: but his inclination leading hiln strongly to the ministry, he applied himself to divinity. He was a man of the sincerest piety, and appears to have peen very sensibly affected with the follies and irregularities of his younger years. But these were amply atoned for by his subsequent conduct. He spent his time, and part of his fortune, in the exercise of his ministry, without receiving any thing for his labours. He appropriated the tenth, and for some years, the seventh part of his income, to works of charity. His Diary, which was written for his private use, without any design of its being comlTIunicated to the public, as some late diaries have been, shews what sort of a man he was. Db. l\larch 30, 1689, Æt. 46. ISAAC AMBROSE, Æt. 59, 1663; a book in his right hand. Before lzis "Works;" fol. 1674, & !689. Isaac Ambrose was minister of Preston, and afterward of Gar- stang, in Lancashire; whence he was, in 1662, ejected for noncon- formity. It was usual with him to retire every year for a month, into a little hut in a wood, where he shunned all society, and de- voted himself to religious contemplation. He had, accorùing to OF ENGLAND. 85 Dr. Calamy, a very strong impulse on his mind of the approach of death; and took a formal leave of his friends at their own houses a little before his departure: and the last night of his life, he sent his Discourse concerning Angels to the press. The next day he shut himself up in his parlour, where, to the great surprise and regret of all that saw him, he was found just eXpiring. Ob. 1663-4, Æt. 72. Dr. Calamy says, that it is much to be lamented that there are no particular Inemoirs of his life. EDWARD PEARSE, Æt. 40, 1673. R. White sc. 121Jlo. Before his" Last Leg'acy," which is the second edition of his" Beanzs of Divine Glory." Edward Pearse, whon1 Dr. Calamy styles " a n10st affectionate and useful preacher," was ejected from 81. Margaret's, Westmin- ster' when the Act of Uniformity took place. He was author of se- veral practical treatises; the most noted of which is entitled, " The great Concern, or a serious 'Vaming to a timely and thorough Pre- paration for Death," &c. which was frequently distributed at fune- rals. It has been reprinted above twenty times. He earnestly prayed, in his last illness, that something of his might be useful after his decease; "which prayer," says Dr. Calamy, " was remarkably answered in the signal success of this little book." Ob. 1673, Æt. 40.* GULIELMUS SHER:WIN, &c. TV. 5 Y he1'"1DÙl sc. We learn from the Latin inscription on this print, that the engraver was the eldest son of the person repre- sented, and that he was made royal engraver by patent. The head is prefixed to his " Clavis," &c. 4to. 1672. " There was another Edward Pearse, who was author of cc The Conformist's Plea for the Nonconformists," who has been confounded with the person above mcn- tioned. 1 take tbis to be the minister of Cottesbrook, in NorthamptonsLire, whom 'V ood. vol. ii. coli. 999, calls " a conforming -nonconformist:' That the author of the" Plea" really conformed is apparent from South's " Sermons," vol. vi. p. 33, rro Kcnncfs "Register and Chronicle," p. 75:5, and from Neale's II History of the Puritan'S," '"01. iv. p. 508. 86 BIOGRAPHICAL I-IISTORY William Sherwin, minister of Wallington, in Hertfordshire, and lecturer of Baldock, in that county, applied himself to the study of the abstrusest parts of scripture, on which he has published several books. He particularly studied the obscure prophecies of Daniel, and St. John in the Apocalypse; and was much bigoted to his mil- lennial notions. WILLIAM DYER, Æt. 27; 121no. William Dyer was minister of Cholesbury, in Buckinghamshire, whence he was ejected, in 1662, for nonconformity. He was au thor of sermons on several subjects, printed in sman volumes, and commonly sold among chapmen's books. His" Glimpse of Sion's Glory," which contains the substance of several sermons upon Rev. xiv. 4, is dedicated to the parishioners of Cholesbury. His" Christ's famous Titles, and a Believer's Golden Chain," are in another sman volume. His" Christ's Voice to London," &c. contains two sermons preached in the time of the plague.* He turned Quaker in the latter part of his life, and lies interred in the burying-ground in Southwark. Ob. April, 1696, Æt. 60. THOMAS COLE; cloak, short band, 4to. mezz.fol. V. Spriett sc. Tn01\IAS COLE; an etching. Thomas Cole was author of several sermons, printed in the Sup- plement to the " Morning Exercise at Cripplegate," and in the "Casuistical Morning Exercise." See Letsome's " Preacher's Assistant." NATHANAEL PARTRIDGE; 1JZe 'z. 4to. Nathaniel Partridge was minister at St. Alban's: Dr. Calamy supposes that he belonged to St. Michael's, and that he was ejected in 1662. Mr. JOHN GOSNOLD, minister of the gospel, His works, whicb Rre much in the stylc of Bunyan, were reprinted ill 1761. OF ENGLAND. 87 &c. "Of whom the '\vorld Was not worthy." Van Hove sc. L 2J7l0. John Gosnold, who was an Anabaptist preacher in London of some note, was educated at Pembroke Hall, in Cambridge. He particularly exerted hilllself against Socinianism. He died, much regretted by his flock, 1678, in the fifty-third year of his age.* HANSARD KNOLLIS, minister of the gospel, aged 67 years; 811zall 8vo. HANSARD KNOLLIS, Æt. 93. J. H. v. ,Hove,. pre- jiLTed to his " Life," 1692. Hansard Knollis, who was several times convened before the committee for preaching Antinomianism and Antipædobaptism, having been prohibited from preaching in públic churches, opened a separate congregation in Great S. Helen's, which was soon sup- pressed.t It appears from his book on the 11 th chapter of the Reve- lation, which he published in this reign,! that he was strongly tinc- tured with Quakerism. He was author of " A Flaming Fire in Zion," in answer to lVlr. Saltmarsh's book, entitled" The Smoke in the Temple." If the reader should have patience to peruse these two very singular pieces, he will most probably be of opinion, that there is much more smoke than fire in them both. I take the two following persons to be dh;senting n1inisters, but know nothing of their personal history. They may perhaps belong to a subseq 1 1ent reign. - JOSUA MOONE; hair, coif, short band with strings, a black loose robe, arnzs. lJIotto," Quid retri- buam Donzino." At botto1Jz, " .lJ;Iediis tranquillus in ulldis." ll. White ad vivunt delin. JOHN HOPWOOD, Æt. 26, 1676. John Dra- penticr sc. ;jt Calaro y t Neale, iii. p. 163. t 1679. 88 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY HUG.H PETERS, Oct. 1660; Æt. 61; 12mo. " Lo here the dictates of a dying man! lVIark well his note! who like the expiring swan, Wisely presaging her approaching doom, Sings in soft charms her epicediun1. Such, sucg., were his; who was a shining lamp, Which, though e:xtinguish'd by a fatal damp, Yet his last breathings shall, like incense hur],d On sacred altars, so perfUllle the world, That the next will admire, and out of doubt, Revere that torch-light which this age put out.". BefoTe his "Last Legacy to his Daughter." Two prints before different editions of the book. Hugh Peters, together with his brethren the regicides, went to his execution with an air of triumph, rejoicing that he was to suffer in so good a cause. It appears from this in!;tance, and many others, that the presumption of an enthusiast is much greater than that of a saint. The one is always humble, and works out his sah;ation with fear alld trembling,. the other is arrog nt and assuming, and seems to demand it as his right. This portrait may be degraded to the twelfth Class.-See the INTERREGNUM. ROBERT TRAILL, minister of Gray - Friars church, Edinburgh; front an original picture paintcd during' his e Tile in Holland, and n01V in the possession of the Right Honourable tlte Earl of BuchalZ. R. Wil- lÛnsolZ,. 8vo. ROBERT TRAILL. E. Harding,. 8vo. . Lord Clarendon observes, that the fanatics " discovered a wonderful malignity in their discourses, and "ows of revenge for their innocent friends, (the regicides). They caused the speeches they made at their deaths to be printed, jn which there was nothing of a repentance or sorrow for their wickedness; but a justification of what they had done for the cause of God." They haà their meetings to consult about revenge, and hoped that the disbanded army would have espoused their cause. See the" Continuatl"Jl of Lord Clarendon's Life," p. 134, 135. OF ENGLAND. 89 Robert Traill was a rigid Calvinist, and one of the most eloquent and leading preachers among the covenanters. He was one of the ministers who attended the Marquis of !\lontrose to the scaffold, with a view rather to insult, than console that great man, on the unfortunate occasion. Soon after the restoration he was ejected ffOlD his situation of minister of the Gray-Friar's church, in Edin- burgh; and sought personal safety by flight into Holland, in the year 1662. CLERGYMEN OF THE CHURCH OF ROME. THOMAS PI-IILIPPUS HOvV ARDUS, &c. car- dinalis de Norfolcia. Nicolo Byli sc. larp,'e slz. A copy by Cl?uet, 4to. * PHILIP..PUS HO'VARD, cardinalis de Norfolk. N Noblin sc. "Offerebant AlztJnui Anglo-Duaceni;" h. ll. Fronz a private plate in the possession of the HOll. Charles Hou'ard, of Greystock, esq. author of the" His- torical Anecdotes of S011le of the Horward Fanzily."t Tno:uAs HO'V.ARD, cardinal, &c. Du, Chatel p: J. Vander Brug'p;en f. 1Jlez.Z. h. sh.t THOl\fAS PHIl.IP Ho,v ARD, &c. Poilly; she THOl\IAS PHILIP Ho,v ARD, &c. ZUCC/Û,. She THO::\IAS PHILIP Ho,v ARD, &c. nze.zz. SlttlJig III a chair. Dit Chatel. J. F. Leonart sc scarce. Thomas Philip Howard, third son of Henry, earl of Arundel, and younger brother to Henry, duke of Norfolk, went abroad with his · In" Vitæ Pontif. & Cardinal." Romæ, 1751, 2 vol. foJ. t Now in the possession of the Duke of Norfolk. t At Lord Spencer's, at \Vimbledon, is a fine portrait, by Rubens, said to b( of Cardinal Howard, who did not assume the purple till the year 167ft; but Rubens. ,,,ho undou ledly painted the picture, died in 1640. VoL. V. N !JO nIGGR \PIIICAL HTSTOHY grandfather, Thomas, earl of Arundel, in the time of the ci viI war; and at about fifteen years of age, entered into a conycnt of Domini.. cans at Cremona. In l\Iay, 1675, he was, by the interest of Cardinal Altieri, advanced to the purple. It is probable that the pope had a view. of promoting the Catholic cause in England by his means; as the Duke of York, the heir to the crown, was professedly of that religion. He was sometimes called the fardillal o.f England, as Car- dinal Allen was formerly; and was the only Englishman raised to that dignity, since the reign of Elizabeth. He was a man of sin- g'ular humanity and benevolence, and was generally visited by the English nobility and gentry in their travels. He was zealous for his religion, and very desirous of making converts. The lady Theophila Lucy, widow of Sir Kingsmill Lucy, and second daugh- ter of George, earl of Berkeley, was converted by him, when she was at Rome, in the latter end of this reign. This lady became afterward the wife of Robert Nelson, esq. who, when he married her, knew nothing of the change of her religion. OLIVERIUS PLUNKET. G. Morpheii p. J. VaJl- derrllart f. It. ð-ll. 'Jilt.':::!. OLIVElt PLUNKET. 1Ilurphey p. 1: DOllbar c.rc. h. she 'lllezz. OLI\TEUIUS PLUNKET, archiepiscopus Armachanus, &Cr 'J'obes, crosier, 'c. 81)0. R. Collins sc. Bru.rell. The plate, which belonged to Dr. Rawlinson, i in the Bodleian Library, where there is a painting of him. OLIVE R PLUNKET; lnc::;,z. Laurie sc. 171CZZ. frOJ7l the painting done in J{en ate; Lowndes e:rc. 1779. . OLIVER PLUNKET; 'Jllezz. E. Lutterel,. 4to. OLI ''"Elt PLUNKET; 81)0. J. Berry sc. Oliver Plunket, titular prinlate of all Ireland, was advanced to the archbishopric of Armagh, by the interest of Cardinal Rospig- liosi. . His promotion is said to have been in lieu of a debt, which a certain lady was unable, or unwilling to pay, and therefore soli- OF ENG LAN D. Ð] cited the cardinal in his behalf.. He was a man of an inoftensive character; but was condemned upon the testimony of very infanlous witnesses, for a desig'n of bringing a French army over to Ireland, to massacre all the Protestants in that kingdom. The ground of t;he prosecution against him was his censuring several priests, who \vere subordinate to him, for their scandalous lewdness.t He did not only deny the accusation upon his trial, but persisted in assert- ing his innocence to the last monlent of his life. The parliament, who took every occasion of expressing their animosity against the Papists, owned themselves convinced of the reality of " the horrid and damnable Irish plot." He was hanged, drawn, and quartered, July 1, 1681. His quarters were buried in the churchyard of St. Giles's in the Fields, near the bodies of five Jesuits, who were a little before executed at Tyburn. His remains were afterward taken up, and conveyed to the monastery of Benedictines, at Lands- prug, in Germany. RICHARDUS RUSSELLUS, Portalegrensis Eccle- siæ Episcopus. T. Dudley Ang'lus f. 1679. In the habit of a bishop of the church of ROJ7zc. Richard Russel, a native of Rutlandshire, was educated in the English college of secular priests at Lisbon. He, in the quality of interpreter, attended Don Francisco de 1VleHo to England, when he carne to negotiate the marriage betwixt Charles II. and the in- fanta. He was, upon his return, rewarded with the Lishopric of Portalegro. I know not what pretensions he had to the saintly character, but Dod speaking of him, says, " I find, in a letter written by Dr. Godden into England, that during the ceremony of his consecration, a dove was seen to come ill at the window, and hover partly over his head, which the doctor 'leaves to his corre- sponùent to speculate upon." Bishop Russel was living in 1688. II. BRADY; a head ill an oval, 'with a small peaked heard j Quirinus Roel del. L f. Lovanii,. It. slz. ROllnd the oval Ù. this inscription: "Adm. Rev. illustri claris- *' See" .Athel1. O}.on." i. '21. t Bl1nt('t J ii. !JO'? 92 BIOGRAPI-IICAL :HISTORY simoq; D. D. H. Brady, Equiti, Prothon. Apostol. J. U. D. et Prof. insig. Eccles. S. Petri, Lovanii, Cano. Colle. S. Annæ Præsidi, N atio. Hib. D. co." This distich, which was part of the epigralll on the print, seems to intimate that he published a book of canon law: " 0 quantumjuris thesaurum, lector, habcre , Si sciret pictor jus dare cuique sllum." H. BRADY, &c. W. Riclzard8on. P. Fr. BONAVENTURA BARO, Hibernus, &c. Æt. 52. B. Sclzra17lall del. Kilian sc. An oval in lln ornaJ7zentcd frontis}Jiecc to a book, dated 1662. He is 'represented in a cordelier's habit,. h. she Bonaventure Baron was a native of Clonmell, in the county of Tipperary, in Ireland. Luke Wadding, his uncle, a celebrated friar of the order of St. Francis, of which he wrote an account, superintended his education, and was the occasion of his taking the habit of the same order. He lived about sixty years in Home, where he was for a considerable time prælector of divinity. He died very old and blind, March 18, 1696. He was master of a very good Latin style, and was a voluminous writer in that lan- guage. His capital work was his " Theologia," in six volumes. He also wrote three books of Latin poetry. See a list of his works in Sir Jalnes Ware's "Writers of Ireland," p. 253. P. JOANNES YON GUS, I-libernus, Societat. Jesu, Ob. Romæ, 13 Julii, 1664, Æt. 75; 12Jno. P. JOANKES YOXGUS, &c. fV. Richardson. THOMAS PICKERING, ordinis Sti. Benedicti l\Ionachus; passus Lond. g ]JIaii, 1679, ..lEt. 53; 8vo. TnOl\IAS PICKERING, &c. II. Cook 'c. S .o. OF ENGLAND. H3 Thomas Pickering lost his life on the deposition of l'itus Oates who swore that he and Grove were the persons who undertook to assassinate the king. Some of his letters, which were produced in court against him, contained ambiguous expressions that really pro'L'erl nothing at all; but were thought to prove a great deal, when the minds of men were strongly prepossessed, and people of all ranks throughout the kingdom, talked and dreamed of nothing but popish plots. "THOMAS HARCOTTUS,* Societatis Jesu R. P. præp. per Angliam provincialis. Fidei. odio suspel1- sus et dissectus, ad Tibourn prope Londinum, 8- J unii, 1679." fal'tin Bouclze sc. Antverpiæ. A halter about , his lleclt', and a knife stuck in his breast; 127710. TIIO IAS HARCOURT; in the prillt 'lcitlt 1'itus Oates in the pillory, <- 'c. Thomas Harcourt was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn, together with four other Jesuits; namely, Whitebread, Fenwick, Gavan,t and Turner, for conspiring the death of the king. Oates, Bedloe, and Dugdale, were evidences against them. Dugdale de- posed, that he had seen no less than a hundred letters relative to the projected assassination; which circumstance alone was sufficien t to invalidate his whole evidence. He also deposed, that Harcour wrote an account of the death of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, the sàme night in which he was murdered, to one Ewers in Staffordshire. Though Oates's evidence, like that of Dugdale, was not absolutely incredible in itself, it was contradicted by sixteen witnesses of character from St. Orner's, who swore that he was at that pI ce himself at the time the pretended consultation of the Jesuits was held in London. Such as were disposed to turn eviùences against the Papists, at this juncture, were Inuch encouraged by the Earl of Shaftesbury. JOI-IANNES FEN"\VICKUS, Societatis Jesu Sa- cerdos, R. P. Fidei odio suspensus & dissectus ad .. His name was probably pronounced Harcott. t G avail desired that his innocence might be proved by the oròeal. 94 BIOGRAPHICAL 11lSTOR Y Tibourn, prope Londinum, 20-30 Junii, 1679. .1Jlal"tÙl Boltc/le sc. Ant. slJzall 8vo. JOHN FEN'VICK; in the print of Titus Oates in the pillory, "c. John Fenwick, whose true name was Caldwell, a native of the bishopric of Durham, born of Protestant parents, who turned him off upon his conversion to the Roman Catholic faith. He was edu- cated in the seminary of St. Omer's; entered into the society at the age of twenty-eight, 1656; and was sent upon the English mission, 1675. He was executed in the 51 st year of his age. Vide " Memoirs of .J.\tlissionary Priests," by Bishop Chaloner. GULIELMUS W ARINGUS, Soc. Jesu, suspensus & dissectus ad Tibourn, 20-30 Junii, 1679. .1. JIartin Bouche sc. sl1lal18vo. W ILLIAl\I WARING; in.the print of Titus Oates in the pitlol!}. William Harcourt, alias Waring, whose true name was Barrow, a native of Lancashire, entered into the society at the age of twenty- three, 1632. He was rector in London.at the time of his apprehen- sion. He was executed in the 70th year of his age. See" l\lemoirs of Missionary Priests." R. P. GULIELMUS IRLANDUS, Societatis Jesu Sacerdos; lcnife in his bosonz. C. Van Mer/en sc. R. P. GULIEL:\IUS IRIrANDUS, &c. JV. Richardson. Vvilliam Ireland, alias Ironmonger, was born in Lincolnshire, of a respectable family. His uncle was killed ill the king's service; and his relations, the Giffords and Pendrells, were instrumental in saving King Charles .the Second after the defeat at W orcestcr. He was educated at St. Orner's, and entered the society early, in which he had the character of a man of extraordinary piety and regularity, and wonderful evenness of mind. lIe was sent upon the English mission, and was apprcllcudcd upon the first brcakin ' OF ENGLAND. 95 out of Oates's plot, and was executed with John Grove at Tyburn, January 24, 1679. See" Memoirs of Missionary Priests." CHARLES BAKER; with a knife in his bosom, c. in the print of Titus Oates in the pillûry. CHARLES BAKER. Ale.t ander Voet sc. Charles Baker, alias David Lewis, was born in Monmouthshire in 1617, and broug'ht up in the Prote'stant religion till about nine- teen years of age; when he was sent by his uncle to the English college at Rome, where he went through the courses of his studies, and was afterward sent upon the English mission. He officiated in South 'Vales for one-and-thirty years, and was executed at Usk, in l\lonmouthshire, 1679. See" Memoirs of Missionary Priests." PHILIP EVANS, Jesuit. Ale..vullder Voet sc. PHILIP Ev AKS; in the print of Titus Oates in tile pillory, Bj"c. Philip Evans was born in Monmouthshire, 1645, and was educated at St. Orner's. After finishing his studies he was made priest, and sent upon the English mission 1675. South Wales was the province assigned him; but upon his refusing the oaths he was committed to Cardiff gaol, and executed 1679 J Æt. 34, with Mr. John Lloy . See" .l\Iemoirs of Missionary Priests." JOHN GAVEN, Jesuit. Jw. Bouche. JOlIN. GA YEN; in the print of Titus Oates zn the pillory, "c. John Gavan, or Gawen, born in London, was educated at St. Orner's; where, for his candour and innocence, he was called the ange/" He finished his studies at Liege and Rome, and was then sent to England. He was executed at Tyburn June 20th, 1679, with Thomas vVhitebread, William Harcourt, John Fenwick, and Anthony Turner. 96 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY ANTHONY TURNER, Jesuit. C. van lerliJ1 sc. ANTHONY TURNER; in the print with Titlis Oates in the pillory, "c. Anthony Turner, a native of Leicestershire, and a minister's son, was brought up in the university of Cambridge, and took his degree of bachelor of arts; but being converted to the Catholic religion, went to Rome; where, being made priest, he was sent upon tIle mission, and resided chiefly at ,V orcester. He had so great a de- sire of suffering for his faith, that at the breaking out of the perse- cution he went to London, and delivered himself up to a justice of peace, acknowledging that he was a priest and a Jesuit. He was executed with Gavan and others, at Tyburn, June 20, 1679. RICHARD CARPENTER. T. Cross sc. 12JJlo. Before his " Prag;77zatical Jesuit," a cO}}ledy, published after the restoratioJl.* Some particulars of this author's personal history are to be found in his strange medley, entitled, ., Experience, History, and Divinity." He tells us in his book, t in which he speaks with great freedom of the corruptions of the church of Rome, that his v:hole heart was never converted to that church; and we are sure that it was never Iwll converted to the church of England.-Before I take my leave of Richard Carpenter, I shall present the reader with a specimen of his style: it is before the table of errata, at the end of the book above mentioned. "I humbly desire aU clean hearted and right spirited people, who shall reade this book (which because the presse was oppressed, seenlS to have been sup- pressed, when it was by little and little impressed; but now, at last, hath pressed through the presse into the publicke), first to re- store it by correcting these errata," &c.-One would imagine that the author, during his residence in Spain, had been particularly conversant with books of chivalry. This specimen is exactly of a piece with the foJlowing, which was taken by Cervantes from one of the Spanish romances, and is the style which is supposed to · Jacob, who mentions this comedy, bas placed the author in the reign of James I. See" Lives of the Dramatic Poets." t Part ii. p. 75. OF ENGLAND. 97 have turned Don Quixote's brain: "The rea on of your unreason.. able usage of my reason, does so enfeeble my reason, that I have reason to expostulate with your beauty," &c.. THOMAS CARVE; 8vo. scarce. THO}\;IAS CARVE; 8vo. W. Richardson e.vc. Thomas Carve, born at Mobernan, in the county of Tipperary, but educated at Oxford, was a secular priest, and apostolic notary, and lived at Vienna during the latter part of his life, where he was one of the vicars choral of St. Stephen's church, the cathedral of that city. In his earlier years he had been chaplain to a regiment, and travelled through many parts of Germany, during the war car.. ried on there by Gustavus Adolphus, of which he hath given a short account, as well as of the places he saw in his marches, in a book entitled, " Itinerarium R. D. Thomæ Carve Tipperariensis, acellani M joris in fortissimâ juxta et Nobilissimâ Legione Strenuis- simi Domini Coionelli D. 'Valted Devereux sub. sacr. CæsaT, l\lajestate Stipendia Merentis; cum Historiafacti Butleri, Gordon, Lesley et Aliorum. Moguntiæ, 1639; 16mo." He also wrote, "Lyra sive Anacephalæosis Hibernica, de Ex- ordio sive Origine, Nomine, Moribus, ritibusq. Gentis Hibernicæ, et Annales ejusderrl Hiberniæ: Nec non res gestæ per Europam ab Anno 1148, ad Annum 1650; Sultzbaci 1666; 4to. Editio Secunda." There was a former edition of it in 1660, when he was at that time seventy years of age. " Galateus, seu de Morum elegantia Lib. 12, N ordhusæ 1669." What else he wrote is not knQwn; nor have we any further ac- counts of him, than that he died at Vienna 1664, in the 74th year of his age. - A LAY-PREACIIER. JOlIN BUNYAN. Sturt sc. Before his "Grace Abounding," /6"'c. 121710. VO L. V. · Iuttcaux C( Don Quixote," p. 3. o 98 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY JO}JN BUNYAN. Slurt /i;C. Before !tis "PilgriJll's Progress;" 8vo. JOHN BUNYAN. JOHN BUNYAN. JOHN BUNYAN. White sc. 12JJ10. Bllrnford sc. 12'l71o. P. Bouche sc. 12'lllO. \ JOHN BUNYAN, Æt. 57; ill a rOllnd. JOHN BUNYAN; another etchillÆ', large 4to. JOHN BUNY AN; etched by lVIr. John Holland, late of Peter.. house, in Ca'llzbridg'e, fro'JJz a drawing, sup- posed to be by Faithorne, in tile possession of the Reverend AIr. Lort. On the print is inscribed, "J. H. f. 1756 ; ' 4to. JOHN BUNYAN; 'Jnezz. J. Sadler, 1685. R. Hous- ton sc. JOHN BUNYAN; to a late edition of his Work's. John Bunyan, a well-known preacher and writer, of Antinomian principles, was son of a tinker in Bedfordshire, where he for some time foHowed his father's occupation. His conversion, as he in fornls us himself, began in the early part of his life, while he was at play among his companions; when he was suddenly surprised with a voice which said to him, " 'Viit thou leave thy sins and go to heaven, or have thy sins and go to hell?" Upon which he lifted up his eyes, in great amazement, towards heaven, whence the voice came, and thought he saw Christ looking down upon him.. This had a great effect upon his 111ind: but he grew far Inore serious upon a casual conference which he held with four poor women of Bedford, upon the subject of the new birth. FrOlTI that time he applied himself diligently to reading the Scriptures, and, in a few years, became a preacher and writer of note. He was long con- · This is the substance of his own account, in his U Grace Abounding," which contains tbe history of his cOllversion, and many otber pnrticulars of his life. OF ENGLAND. !J!) fined in the county gaol at Bedford for holding conventicles: here he spent his time in preaching, writing books, and tagging laces for his support.* After his enlargement, he travelled into many parts of the kingdom, " to visit and confirm the brethren." These visitations procured him the nick-name of Bishop Bunyan. When he arrived at the sixtieth year of his age, which was the period of his life, he had written books equal to the number of his years: but as many of these are on similar subjects, they are very much alike. His masterpiece is his "Pilgrim's Progress," one of the most popular, and, I may add, one of the most ingenious books in the English language.t The works of Bunyan, which had been long printed on tobacco..paper, by Nicholas Boddington and others, were, in 1736 and 1737, reprinted in two decent volumes folio. They are now con1e forth in a fairer edition than ever.. with the re- commendation of Mr. George Whitfield.i Bunyan's" Pulpit Bible" was purchased at a sale, in 1814, by Mr. Whitbread for twenty guineas. See the next reign. · The U Relation of his Imprisonment.." &c. written by himself, was first pub- lished in 1765, 1211)0. We are toldt that tbe library of this copious author, during his confinement. which was upwards of twelve years, consisted only of the BiLle and the Book of :l\Iartyrs. See the u Life of Bunyan," at the end of his" Heavenly Footman," p. 128. t Bunyan, who has been mentioned among the least and lowest of our writers, and even ridiculed as a driveller by thQse who bad never read him, deserves a much higher rank than is commonly imagined. His U Pilgrim's Progress" gives us a clear and distinct idea of Calvinistical diTinity. The allegory is admirably carried on, and the characters justly drawn, and uniformly supportcd. The author's original and poetic genius shines through the coarsene:ss and vulgarity of his language, and intimates, that if he had been a master of numbers, lIe might have composed a poem worthy of Spenser himself. As this opinion may be deemed parado"tical, I shall venture to name two persons of eminence of the same sentiments; one, the late Mr. :l\Ierrick, of Reading;1I the other, Dr. Roberts, now fellow of Eton College. t 'Ve have perhaps as many lay-preachers in the kingdom at present, as there were during the usurpation of Cromwel1. I could name one, incomparably more illiterate than Bunyan, who was actually obliged to leave his native place for .sheep-stealing; but has since climbed over thefence into the sheep-fold, and is now the leader of a numerous flock. Some look upon this man as a thief and a robber in every sense of the words; but others consider him only in his regenemte state, and revere him as a saint. This observation is not to be extended to the Second Part. 11 !\Ir. l\Ierrick bas been heard to say, in conversation, that his inVcIltion was like that of Homer. 100 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY CL1\SS V. COMMONERS IN GREAT EMPLOYMENTS. Promoted 16 1 2 . EDV ARDUS NICOLAS, &c. Lely p. Vertue 8C. large h. sit. SIR ED'" ARD NICHOLAS, secretary of state, &c. front an orig'inal painting,. in Lord Clarendon's " J-listory." SIR ED'V ARD NICHOLAS; ill Sinton's "lJIedals," p. 29.* SIR ED'V ARD NICHOLAS, secretary of state to King Charles I. & II. LeZy piJlLr. J. 5 V cott fecit. 4to. rn EvelyJ?'s " MéJJ20irs.'. Sir Edward Nicholas, a man of an unblemished character, and highly esteemed for his virtues by all that knew him, was Inany years principal secretary of state and privy-counsellor to Charles I. and II. Though he was, from long experience and uncommon industry, well qualified for the secretary's office, yet this old and faithful servant was dismissed from his employment by the in- trigues of Mrs. Palmer, the royal mistress, and received in lieu of it 20,000[. granted him by the king.t He was succeeded by Sir Henry Bennet, who was afterward created earl of Arlington. This was a step towards the disgrace of the Lord-chancellor Clarendon, as the old secretary was his principal friend, and the new one his inveterate enemy. Sir Edward Nicholas was father to Sir John Nicholas, knight of the Bath, and grandfather to Edward Ni- cholas, esq. who, in the reign of Anne, was member of parlia- ment for Shaftesbury, in Dorsetshire.! His letters from the Hague · His effigies, modelled in wax, by AB. SIMON, are well preserved; in the posses- sion of Charles Compton, esq. a relation of the famiJy. Vide Simon's U Medals." t He rc!igncd the seals in 1663. * The advowsons of the churches of Shaftcsbury were tbe property of this (amily (which is now extinct) C"U since the latter end of the reign of Charles II. Set' OF ENGL \XD. 101 to the lVIarquis of Ormond, at Caen, are in Carte's Collection of Letters, from 1641 to 1660. Ob. I Sept. 1669, Æt. 77. He lies buried at 'Vest Horsley, in Surrey. See the Interregnum. SIR WILLIA.l\1 MORICE, secretary of state, &c. Houbralt'en sc. 1747. In the collection of 5'ir Willia111 lJIorice, bart. lllust. Head. SIR WILLIAl\I MORICE, knight. W. Richardson e/l}C. Sir William IVlorice, who was allied to General Monck, was, for his own merit, and that of his illustrious kinsman, preferred to the office of secretary of state. He was a man of learning and good abilities, but was not completely qualified for his great elnploy- ment, as he knew but little of foreign languages, and less of foreign affairs. It is currently reported, that the general told the king, " that his cousin Morice was well qualified for the secretary's office, as he understood the French, and could write shorthand." This was y,cry probably a calumny, as it is inconsistent with his good sense. It is certain that the secretary spoke Latin fluently, that he understood Greék, and that he acquitted himself during the seven years that he continued in his office* without reproach. He was succeeded by Sir John Trevor. Ob. 12 Dec. 1676. He was author of a book entitled, "The Common Right -to the Lord's Supper asserted," which was first printed in quarto, 1651, and again in folio, 1660. One singularity is recorded of him, " That he would never suffer any man to say grace in his own house be- sides himse]f; there, he said, he was both priest and king." ProlUott'd l\Iay 26. 1660. LEOLINUS. JENKINS, 11. Tiler p. Neonzag'i, IG79. 1723; h. slz. eq. aUf. LL. D. &c. G. Vander Gucht sc. LEOLINUS JENKINS, eq. aUf. H. Quiter p. et e lc. Ii. sh. 'Jnezz. more in U Notitia Parliamelltaria," by Browne Willis, esq. where there is a curious account of thi! ancient borough. The author has taken uncommon pains in hi! JIistory of the t'Jwns in DOl"setshirc, as he "as born in that district. He resigned at l\lichachnas, 1668. 102 BIOGRAPIIICAL HISTORY SIR LEOLINE JENKINS; in tlte "O.1f01"d AIJJza- naclc," 1740. Sir Leoline, or Lluellin Jenkins, who was born at Llantrissent, in Glalnbrganshire, was the son of an honest, plain countryman, whom IVrr. John Aubrey says he knew. As his father's circumstances were but narrow, and he was a distant relation to David Jenkins the famous \Velsh judge, that gentleman contributed something to- wards his education. About the time he took his bachelor's degree, Sir John Aubrey sent for him home to his house at Llantrithied, in Glamorganshire, to instruct his eldest son Lewis in grammar learn- ing: he also took several other young gentlemen under his care, whom he taught in the church-house belonging to that place. He went to Oxford together with his pupils, and afterward travelled with Mr. Lewis Aubrey. Upon the resignation of Dr. Francis Mansell, which was soon after the restoratión, he was elected prin- cipal of Jesus College." . He afterward retired to London, and was made a judge of the admiralty, and of the prerogative court. In 1669, he was sent ambassador to France; and, in 1673, was sent to Cologn, in quality of plenipotentiary, together with the Earl of Arlington and Sir Joseph \Villiamson. In 1675, he was appointed a plenipotentiary at Nimeguen, together with Lord Berkeley and Sir WilliaIn Temple; and, in 1680, he succeeded Mr. Henry April 26. Coventry in the office of secretary of state. lIe is said to have preserved the leather breeches which he wore to Oxford, as a memorial of his good fortune in the world. Ob. 1 Sept. 1685, Æt. 62. Several particulars in the above account are taken frOln a MS. of Mr. John Aubrey's in the Ashmolean l\'luseum. SIR CIIARLES LYTTEL'fON. P. W. Tonzkins sc. In G raJJlJnout. Fronl an original picture ill the col- lection of Lord Westcote. Sir Charles Lyttleton early in life took to arms, and during the civil wars, was at the siege of Colchester: after the surrender of the town, he escaped into France, and returned in the year 1659, and joined Sir George Booth against Shrewsbury; but miscarrying, he · He gave the advowson of the rectory of RotherfieId Peppard, ill OÃfoIdshirl', to that colIegt>, I( for the bettcr support of the head hj p. OF ENGLAND. 103 was taken Plisonel', and confined in the Gatebouse, Westminster. He soon obtained his liberty, and was employed by his majesty on many secret and important services. Lord Clarendon in a letter to the Duke of Ormond, says, "he is worth his weight in gold." He was knighted in 1662, and had many employments; was brigadier-general tin the revolution, when he resigned. He died at Hayley 1716, Æt. 87. SIR RICHARD FANSHAWE, knight and ba- ronet, one of his majesty's most honourable privy council, &c. Faitho1"ne sc. h. she This print was cn- gTaved as a frontispiece for tIle Ser17l0n preached at his Funeral by Henry Bagslza'lv, AI. A. student of Christ Cllurch, O.I}On. SIR RICHARD F ANSHA 'VE. LeZy p. E. Harding sc. In Harding's "BiographicallJ;Iirrollr," 1793. There is a portrait of him, by Sir Peter Lely, in the possession of Simon Fanshawe, esq. Sir Richard Fanshawe, who was the tenth and youngest son of Sir Henry Fanshawe, of Ware Park, in Hertfordshire, united, in an extraordinary degree, the qualifications of the gentleman, the scholar, and the statesman. He was taken early into the service of Charles I. who, in 1635, appointed him resident to the court of Spain; and in the last year of his reign, made him treasurer of the navy, under the command of Prince Rupert. He was secretary of state to Charles II. during his residence in Scotland: and it was strongly expected that he would have been preferred to the same office after the restoration: but he was, contrary to his own and the general expectation, appointed n1aster of the Requests. He was employed in several important embassies in this reign; particularly in negotiating the marriage betwixt the king and the infanta, and putting the last hand to a peace betwixt the kingdOlus of Spain and Portugal, which had been for twenty-five years engaged in a ruinous war.*' He was an exact critic in the Latin tongue" spoke ., cc Diog. Brit." p. 1887. His " Original Letters during his Embassies in Spain and Portugal," 1702, 8vo. deserve tile reader's notice. Some memorable passages relating to him and Lord Fanshawe, of \Vare Park, are in Lloyd's" l\It>lUoirs," p. 682., &.c. 104 B lOG RAP HIe A L HIS TOR Y the Spanish with ease and propriety, and perfectly understood the Italian. The politeness of his manners, and the integrity of his life, did not only procure him the love and esteem of his own coun.. try men, but gained him unusual favour and respect in Spain; aInong a people notorious for their disregard to strangers, and too apt to overlook all merit but their own. He died at lVlaùrid, June 16, 1666. See more of him among the poets. "Dominus GULIELMUS TEMPLE, eques et baro- nettus, ser mi . pot mi . Mag. Britanniæ regis ad otd s . fæd ti . Belgii legatus extr S . et apud tractatus pacis tam Aquis- grani, quam Neomagi, legat 8 . mediae. ejusdem ser mi . regis a secretioribus consiliis, 1670." P. Lely p. P. Vandrebanc sc. large h. sh. DOlninus GULIEL1\1 us TEl\IPLE, &c. Lelg p. Vcr- tliC sc. Before his TVorks; Jol. DonJÏnus GULIELI\IUS TEl\IP LE. Lei!} p. R. White sc. 8vo. DOlninus GULIELl\IUS TEl\IPLE; 121120. r His portrait is at Lord Palmer ton' s, at Sheene, in Surrey. Sir 'Villian1 Temple was descended frOlll a younger branch of a family of that name, seated at Temple Hall, in Leicestershire. His grandfather was secretary to the unfortunate Earl of Essex, fa- vourite of Queen Elizabeth, and his father was Sir John Temple, master of the Rolls in Ireland. He was as much above the common level of politicians, as he was above the herd of authors. He dis- played his great abilities in several important treaties and negotia- tions, the most considerable of which was the bringing to a happy conclusion the famous triple league betwixt England, Sweden, and Holland. This alliance, though the most prudent step ever taken by Charles II. was soon defeated by the Cabal, a set of men who , were as great a disgrace to their country, as Sir William Telnple was an honour to it. lIe was strongly solicited to go over to Holland, in order to break that league which he had a little before concluded: but he was too ll1uch a patriot to yield to any solicita- OF ENGLAND. 105 tìons of that kind; and chose to retire into the country, where he was much better employed in writing his excellent " Observa- tions on the United Provinces," and other elegant works. See Class IX. " SIR 'VILLIAM DAVIDSON, kn t . and baronet; one of the gentlemen of his majesty"s most honourable privy council; conservitor and resident of his majesty's most ancient kingdom of Scotland in the seventeen provinces; his majesty's sole commissioner for Eng- land and Ireland in the city of Amsterdan1 ;" &c. Æt. 48, 1664.. Clzr. Hagens del. et sc. In /Zis own /zrzir. . This portrait is engraved in the style of, and as a companIOn to, Francis Delaboe Sylvius, by C. V. Dalen, jun. SIR DUDLEY NORTH, commissioner of the trea- sury to King Charles the Second. G. Vertlle sc. Frontispiece to his" Lifc'" by the HOll. Rog'er North, 1742; 4to. Sir Dudley North, brother to the Lord-keeper Guildford, was third son of the second Dudley, lord North, baron of l{irtling. He was bound apprentice to a Turkey merchant in London, who sent hiln on a trading voyage to Russia, and several other countries; at the conclusion of which he was appointed to reside as factor in the Turkey trade at Smyrna. He afterward removed to Con- stantinople, where he had the chief management of the EnglisJ1. factory. He continued here many years, became a complete master of the Turkish language, and had a perfect insight into the manners, customs, and jurisprudence of the country. He knew the forms of their courts of justice, in which he is said to have tried \10 less than five hundred causes.. He committed many of his observations to writing, during his residence in Turkey, whic,h are printed in 1\'11'. Roger North's account of his Life. He, with the assistance of a mathematician, made a plan of Constantinople; but it was never completely finished. Upon his return to England, VOL. Y. "" (( Life," by ROber North, e;.q. p lOt) B 10 G R A PI! IC AL II i STO R Y be settled as a merchant in London. tIe was afterward mad .director of the African company, a. commissioner of the customs" and also of the treasury. After bis retirement from business, he amused himself with mechanics, for which he had a particular genius. He was knighted Feb. 13th, 1682-;j. Ob.31 Dec. 1691. JOHN HERVEY, esq. &c. Lely p. R. Tonlson f.l'C. h. 8/1. 1nez.Z. In the print are two pieces of antique sculpture, of which he seems to have been an admirer. Joh Hervey, eldest son of Sir William Hervey, of Ickworth, in Suffolk,. was highly esteemed by some of the most ingenious and respectable persons of his time, for his agreeable and polite accom- plishments. He, in the late reign, exerted himself in parliament on the side of the prerogative, and bore arms for Charles I. for which he was forced to compound for his estate. He was, in this reign, treasurer and receiver-general to the queen, and one of the leading members of the House of Commons. He is, or ought to be, well known to the world, as the friend and patron of Cowley. Tbe following story is told of him by Bishop Burnet:- "He was one whOln the king loved personally; and yet, upon a great occasion, he voted against that which the king desired. So the king chid him severely for it. Next day, another important question falling in, he voted as the king would have him. So the king took notice of it at night, and said, you were not against me to-day. He an- swered, No, Sir, I was against my conscience to-day. This was so gravely delivered that the king seemed pleased with it; and it was much talked of." He died without issue, Jan. 18, 1679, and was succeeded in his estate by his brother Thonlas 1 who was fatl1er of the first earl of Bristol. SIR RALPH CLARE; all etching;; in Nash's II Worcesters/LÌre;" froln on original picture in the pos essio,! if tILe late Francis Clare, esq. of Caldivall. Sir Ralph Clare, eldest son to Sir Francis Clare, of W orcester- shire, servant to Prince Henry, knight of the Bath at the coronation .. u Hist. of his own Time," i. p. 383. OF ENGLAND. 1ú7 'Of Charles I. whom he attended through all his various fortunes; servant to Charles II. both in his banishment and at his l'eturn. Died 1670, Æt. 84. See Nash's" Worcestershire," vol. ii. SIR 'VILLIAM PORTMAN, who 'Jnarried Sir John Cutler's daug'hter . in all oval. SIR W II..LIA1tl PORTl\IAN ; rJlezz. lV. Richardson e..t'c. SIR WILLIAl\I PORT1\IAN. Harding sc. Sir William Portman, who was the last of the family of that name, seated at Orchard Portman, in Somersetshire, was de- scended frOlll Sir John Portman, lord chief-justice of the Queen's Bench, in the reign of Mary.'" He was nlember of parliament for Taunton, and possessed an ampl-e fortune; a great part of wpich formerly belonged to the Orchards, of Orchard, and devolved by heirship to the Portmans. This gentleman purchased Brianstone, near Blandford, now one of the finest scats in Dorsctshire, of the family of Rogers, which he left, together wíth the rest of his estate, to his nephew, Henry Seymour, esq. fifth son of Sir Edward Sey.. monr, of Bury Pomeroy, who took the name of Portman. ANDREW l\'IARVELL, &c. drawn and etched hy J. B. Cipriani, a Florentine, front a }Jortrait painted ill tile year 1660, late lj ill the possession of Tlzonlas Hollis, nf Lincoln's InJl, F. R. and A. S. ,SY. h. sl1. AKDRE'V MAHVELL. J. Basire; prifi.l'cd to his "lVor/ìs," ] 776; 4to. A DR:E"" MARVELL. Thanc. 1\1 r. Nettleton, governor of the Russia company, has an original portrait of l\tlarvell. Audrcw lViarvelt, a Inerry, yet an indignant satirist, an able statesman, and an uncorrupt patriot, was chosen IJJember of parlia- · Lloyd, in his life of this eminent lawyer, sa)'s, that he could not fil1d the original f his famil'y, it was so ancient. See hi .. 'Vurthic :' 108 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOH,Y n1ent for Kingston-upon-Hull, before and after the restoration. The people of that place, who honoured his abilities, hut pitied his poverty, raised a contribution for his support. This was, probably, the last borough in England that paid a representative. As even trivial anecdotes of so ingenious and so honest a man are worth preserving, I shall subjoin the following, taken from a manuscript of Mr. John Aubrey, who personaUy knew him: "He was of a n1Ïddling stature, pretty strong set, roundish-faced, cherry-cheeked, hazel-eyed, browll-haireù. I-Ie was, in his conversation, very modest, and of very few words. J-Ie was wont to say, he would not drink high or freely with anyone, with whom he would not trust his life." See lnore of him, Class IX. SlIt JOHN PERCEVAL, bart. (7th of that narne) register of tIle Court of Clairns; one of the council of trade; one of the Inost honourable privy council to King Charles II. and knight of the shire for the county of Cork, in Ireland; born 1629, Ob. 166G. J?aber f. 1743; Svo. 1Jle.':;; ;. EJlg'ravcd for the "His- tor.!} qf the IIollse of Yver.y." Sir John Perceval, bart. son and heir of Sir Philip, found himself in embarrassed circumstances upon the decease of his father; but, by prudent management, by paying court to LenthalI, and especially Oliver and Henry Cromwel1, he soon became possessed of an easy and affluent fortune. He was tbe only person whon1 the latter knighted during his lieutenancy in Ireland. No man, perhaps, was n10re worthy of this distinction, as he was perfectly versed in the affairs of that country, and a most useful instrument in the settle- ment of it, after the ravages and confusion of the civil war. It was by his advice, that the resolution was taken of transplanting the Papists into the province of Connaught, "when worse measures were projected: * But, it must be owned, that this expedient, however salutary or necessary it might then appear, seem3 to us, who view it at a distance, extremely rigorous and oppressjve. I-Ie was, soon after the restoration, sworn of the privy council, and cI'fiated a baronet; and, in ] 662, appointed register of the Court of ., Lodge':, H PCCl'c1gt'," ii. 16p. OF ENGLAND. . 10D Claiu1s, and the Court of \Vards, which was erected in Ireland ill favour of his family, but shordy after abolished by parliament. I-Ie married Catharine, daughter of Robert Southwell, of Kingsale, esq. a lady of singular merit. See more of him in the" History of the House of Yvery," and in Lodge's" Peerage of Ireland." SIR RICHARD WILLIS. Cooper sc. 4to. Frout II dra1ving in the Kinp/l,' " Clarendon." Sir Richard Willis, a gentleman of gooù parts and courage, and a very good officer, had long served in the royal army under Charles I. and was by him made governor of Newark. On the ruin of the king's affairs, he reconciled hÏ111Self to Cromwell, by disclosing the secrets of Charles the Second; by wholn he was intrusted with all the measures taken to effect his restoration; yet in so wily a way did he give his information, that though he di.. vulged and frustrated the schernes, he never îailed to screen the parties. It was Sir Uichard Willis that discovered to CromweH, that the Marquis of Ormond was in London; but he could not be induced to disclose where his lodging was; only undertaking that his journey should be ineffectual, and that he should speedily re- turn to the continent, and then they might take hin1 if they could; but to effect which he would not contribute. He received a large pension from the Protector, and continually gave Thurlow intelli- gence of all he knew, or was intrusted with; but it was with so great circumspection, that he was never seen in his presence. In his contract, he had promised to make su h discoveries, as should prevent any injury to the state; but that he wonlt\ never endanger any man's life, nor be produced to give evidence against any. After the death of Cromwell, the whole of his treachery was ,made known to Charles the Second, by lVIr. l\lor1and, a clerk ill Thurlow's office; but it was only by the" production of his letters the king could be induced to credit the information, and dismiss 'Villis fronl his confidence. SIR ED\V A RD 'V ALKER; 'loritin!!; on (/ drl/Jll, ,rith J(. ('Yharles L . . III tlif jirst in/pression a castle i to the {lje, the }'(J}jltl 110 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY 8tandard 011 tlte 1. ig'lLt; a large tent in tile 1JÛddie nC1rt Sir E. Walker. SIR ED"r ARD W A LKEIt; 8vo. r SIR ED,,' ARD WALKER; 'lvriting on a drllJ7l, 'ioitlt IC. Charles L slllalllz. slz. B. Reading'sc. Sir Edward \Valker was originally in the service of ThOlnas, -earl of Arundel, and was by him appointed secretary at war in the expedition into Scotland in 1639, and by King Charles I. made clerk extraordinary of the privy council. He adhered to the king in all his misfortunes, for which fidelity his majesty honoured him with knighthood in the city of Oxford, 1648; and the university conferred upon him the degree of master of arts. After the death of his royal master, he attended I(ing Charles II. on the continent, and was by him made garter principal king of arms. His abilities, and the office he filled, made him so great an object of jealousy, that he had spies placed over his conduct, and was considered by the Commonwealth "a pernicious man." He died suddenly at \Vhitehal1, 167G-7, and was buried in tl1e chapel of the Bles ed Virgin in the church of Stratford-upon-Avon, being deservedly lamented as a man of tried integrity and considerable abilities. I-Ie published " !tor Carolinum," being a succinct account of the Inarches, retreats, and sufferings of his majesty King Charles I. from January 10, 1641, to tbe time of his dead], 1648. His H Military Discourses" was printed 1705, folio, to which his por- trait is prefixed. SIR TI-IOMAS HERBERT, bart. born in York, 1605; died there, 1681. FroJJz a }JÎclurc in tile pos- .session of F. íJ7yth, of NC1vbllilding', csq. IIalfpcllJl!j fecit; an etc/zing. SIR THO:\IAS I-IERBERT; prdi.'l'ed to "lJIeJJlOirs of the liDo last Years of tile Rcig'Jl of ](ing Cl1arles I." Sir Thomas I-Icrbert, who was relat{;d to William, earl of Pem- t'roke, was sent by that nobleman, in 1626, to travel into Africa, OF ENGLAND. 1]1 Asia, &c. His noble patron dying suddenly soon after his return, he again went abroad; during which time the civil wars commenced, and 1\'lr. Ilerbert, on his return from his second travels, adhered to the side of the parlian1ent; and was, through the interest of Philip, earl of Pembroke, appointed one of the commissioners of parlia- ment, and sent by them to the king at Newcastle. On the dis- missal of hi::) majesty's servants, ]\tIre Herbert was chosen by the king as groom of the bed-chamber, and was elnployed by his royal master on several confidential services, which he performed to the entire satisfaction of the king, whom he constantly attended till his execution in 1648. He was for his faithful services by Charles II. advance(l to the honour of knighthood July 3, 1660, and died 1681. He published his Travels into Africa, Asia, &c. and also left in manuscript, "Memoirs of the Two last Years of the Reign of King Charles I.;" a new edition of which was published by Messrs. Nicol, Pall-maU, 1813; to which is prefixed his portrait. SIR EDlVIUND TURNOR, of Stoke-Rochford, county of Lincoln, knt. Fittler sc. 4to. Sir Edmund Turnor was the youngest brother of Sir Christopher Turnor, baron of the Exchequer in 1660, and was born at IVlilton- Ernis, in Bedford shire, May 14, 1619. In politics he was at- iached to the cr<;:>wu, and very active in its service. When Bristol . was taken by Prince Rupert, he was appointed treasurer and pay- master to the garrison there, and was taken prisoner at the battle of ,V orcester, 1651, being then a c ptain of horse. As a reward for his services, he was to have been a knight of the Royal Oak; but that order not being established, he was knighted in 1663, about which time he was a commissioner of the Alienation Office, surveyor-general of the Out Ports, and one of the chief farmers of the customs. In 1654 he married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Harrison, of Bulls, in Herts, knight, by whom he became possessed of the manor of Stoke..Rochford, in Lincolnshire, where he resided, and served the office of sheriff of the county in 1681. He died A priI 4, 1707, in the 88th year of his age; and was buried in the chancel of Stoke, near to a monument which he had ('reeted for his wife, and in part for himself, during his lifetime. 112 BIOGRAPH lCAL HISTOR Y His charity and public spirit were exemplary, and several acts of his munificence remain the lasting 1110numents of his fame. Dona Dei Deo was his favourite motto, and as he maintained that prin- ciple in his mind, he supported it in his practice. In respect to the place of his birtb, he endowed the vicarage of lVlilton-Ernis with the impropriate tithes, then let at 100l. a year; and rebuilt the vicarage-house and offices. He erected an hospital for six poor persons, and endowed it with lands to the value of 201. a year. At Stoke-Rochford he founded another hospital, for the like num- bcr of poor persons; and at Wragby, in Lincolnshire, where he bad purchased a considerable estate, he built an hospital, and a chapel, settling on the san1e a clear annual rent of 100l. Besides these evidences of his munificence, he enlarged the revenues of the four royal hospitals in London, by giving amongst them a sun1 in exchequer bins, the interest of which amounted to 200l. a year. On the new work-house in Bishopsgate-street he settled 37/. 158. 6d. a veal'. 01 Dame Margaret Turnor, his wife, died July 30, 1679, leaving issue one S011, John Turnor, esq. who married Diana, only child of the ,Honourable Algernon Cecil, son of William, earl of Salisbury; and one daughter, Elizabeth, married to Sir Justinian Isham, of Lamport, bart. \VILLIAlVI LENTIIAL; all etching,. s1Jlall o )al. E. B. Gulston. ,V ILLIAl\I LE THAL; quarto. Pall I. W II,LIAl\I LEXTHAL; ditto. (Roberts.) TiZ llich- ardson e.l'C. WILLIAl\I LEXTHAL; in SÙnou"s "Medals," p. 21. W ILLIAl\I LENTHAL; sJJlal1 01)01. S1. Cooper }). Thorntll1vait sc. ,V II LI.A r LEXTUAL; in the" O.liford Ah71flnflck,'" 1748. OF ENGLAND. 11:3 'Villiam Lenthal, born at Henley-upon- Thames, in t1Je county of Oxford, 1591, became a commoner of Alban Hal1, and soon after went to study the law in Lincoln's Inn, and was a counsellor of note. In 1639 he was elected burgess for the corporation of 'IV oodstock, in Oxfordshire, to serve in the Long Parliament, and was chosen their speaker. When Charles I. was in the House of Commons, in order to have the five members secured, he asked the speaker, who had left the chair and stood below, whether any of these persons were in the house? The speaker, falling on his knees, prudently replied, I have, sir, neither eyes to see, nor tongue to speak, in this place, but as the House is pleased to direct, whose servant I am; and f humbly ask pardon that I cannot give any other answer to what your majesty is pleased to demand of me. He was for a time master of the Rolls, and had other places of great trust and emolument. Ant. Wood says, Oliver Cromwell once made a sponge of, and squeezed from him 15,000l.: he certainly turned him (and his tribe the Long Parliament) out of doors in 1653. Lenthal was afterward invited by the "army to sit in the Rump Parliament, and chosen their speaker, and appointed keeper of the great seal for the Commonwealth of England. On the restoration, he retired with vast wealth to his estate at Burford, where he died in 1662. 'Vith some difficulty, it is said, he obtained leave to kiss the king's hand after his return from exile; and he is reported to have fallen backwards as he was kneeling, fronl the consciousness he felt at the share he had in the late troubles. C LAS S \TI. MEN OF THE ROBE. EDWARD, earl of Clarendon, &c. Lely p. R. White 'c. h. sh. ED'V AnD, carl or Clarendon, &c. LeZy p. JJf. Bltr- p;hers sc. h. she Therc is another, by Burg'hers, in 800. VOL V. Q 114 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOR Y ED'V ARD, earl of Clarendon, &c. Lely p. G. w: (George White) sc. large 8vo. ED'V ARD, earl of Clarendon, &c. Zoust p. John- son f. h. sh. 'JJlez.z. CLARENDON, chancelier d'Angleterre. ZOltst p. Picart sc. dire.r. 1724; 4to. " EDV ARDUS HYDE, eques auratus, Clarendoniæ comes, Cornburiæ vicecomes, baro Hyde de Hindon; summus Angliæ, nee non alnlæ Oxoniensis academiæ cancellarius, ae sacræ majti. regiæ a secretioribus COl1- siliis." D. Loggan ad 'ViVlllJl delin. et sc. In the second edition of Sir fVillialJl Dugdale's " Origines J uridiciales," 1671 ; fol. r ED'V,ARD HYDE, earl of Clarendon. Bocquet sc. In " Noble Authors," by Park . 1806. ED'VARD HYDE, &c. E. Harding sc. ED'VARD HYDE, &c. Gardiner. ED'VARD HYDE, &c. 'Inez;z. R. DllJlkartoJ1, 1812; 4/0. ED'V ARD HYDE, &c. Lely p. E. Harding se. fol. ED'V ARD HYDE, &c. Lely p. Gucht sc. Fro]}z the "History of the Rehellion;" folio, J 719; published in Dublin. ED'V ARD HYDE, &c. ill the" O.lford Alnzanack," 1749. EDWARD HYDE, &c. Boltttats. OF ENGLAND. 115 There is a portrait of him in the long gallery at Gorhan1bury; it is dated 1660. There is another belonging to his family, painted by Zoust. But the best picture, and the truest likeness of him, is that which was painted by Sir Peter Lely. It is now at Amesbury, The virtue of the Earl of Clarendon was of too stubborn a nature for the age of Charles II. Could he have been content to enslave millions, he might bave been more a monarch than that unprincely king. But he did not only look upon himself as the guardian of the laws and liberties of his country, but had also a pride in his nature that was above vice; and chose ratber to be a victim him.. self, than to sacrifice his integrity. He had only one part to act, which was that of an honest man. His enemies allowed themselves a much greater latitude: they loaded him with calunlnies, blamed him even for their own errors and misconduct, and helped to ruin him by such buffooneries as he despised. He was a much greater, perhaps a happier man, alone and in exile, than Charles II. upon his throne. See the ninth Class. Promoted 16.57 -8. ORL.A.NDUS BRIDGMAN, * miles et baronettus, custos magni sigilli Angliæ. W. Faithorne ad ViVlll71 sc. III Dugdale's " Orig;ines Juridiciales," second edition, 1671. ÛRLA DUS BRIDGl\IAK, &c. ll. 1Vhitc sc. Before his " Conveyances;" Jot. ÛRLANDUS BRIDGl\IAN, &c. G. Vander Gucht sc. It. she Sir Orlando Bridgman, son of John Bridgman, bishop of Chester, was a man of good natural parts, which he very carefully improved by study and application. He was, soon after the restoration, made lord chief-baron of the Exchequer;t whence he was, in a few months, removed to the Common Pleas. While he presided in this court, his reputation was at the height: then" his Inoderation and equity were such, that he seemed to carry a chancery in his breast."t Promoted Aug. :SO, 1667. · The name is often erroneously written Bridgeman. t He was 10rtI chief-baron when he tried tbe regicides. 1 Princc's H \V orthies of Devon:' 11G :BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY Nov. 17, 1672. Upon his receiving the great seal, his reputa.tion began to decline: he was timid and irresolute, and this timidity was still increasing ,vith his years. His judgment was not equal to all the difficulties of his office. In nice points, he was too much inclined to decide in favour of both parties; and to divide what each claimant looked upon as an absolute property. His lady, a woman of cunning and intrigue, was too apt to interfere in chancery suits; and his sons, who practised under him, did not bear the fairest characters. '*. He was desirous of a union with Scotland, and a comprehension with the dissenter ; but was against tolerating popery. He is said to have been removed from his office for refusing to affix the seal to the king's declaration for liberty of conscience. ANTH. ASHLEY COOPER, earl of Shaftesbury. Leiy p. HOllhraken sc. In the collection of the Earl of Shaftesbury. Ililist. Head. ANTHOXY, earl of Shaftesbury. Cooper p. Baron sc. 1744; lar15'e 4to. ANTHOXY ASHLEY COOPER, &c. lord high-chan- cellor 1673; sitting. Blooteling sc. sh. scarce. ANTHONY, earl of Shaftesbury, &c. 1f. White sc. large h. sh. Another sJlialler, by the ð'{[IJle hand. AXTHOXY, earl of Shaftesbury. "J; BiJlnc7lzan sc. h. she ANTHOXY, earl of Shaftesbury. J. Grecn/lilt p. E. Lutterel f. 4to. 1nezz. A TIIONY, earl of Shaftesbury; before !tis" Life," 683; 121120. tit Nurth's u Life of the Lord-keeper Uuitdford," p. 83... U9. OF ENGLAND. 117 A TlIOXY, earl of Shaftesbury; /latus est Jul. 1621; 1710rtllus est 21 (22) Jan. 1682-3; 8vo. ANTIIO:NY, earl of Shaftesbury; 171e.Z.Z. R. Dllll- kartoJl" 4to. ANTHONY, earl of Shaftesbury. Birrell sc. In " Noble Authors," by Par/.;,. 1806. The great talents of the Earl of Shaftesbury, and his exact know- ledge of men and things, contributed to render him one of the. first characters of his age. But the violence of his passions, and the flexibility of his principles, prompted him to act very different, and eyen contrary parts. This was in some measure owing to the changes in the times in which he lived; but is more to be attributed to the mutability of his character, which ever varied with the in- terest of his ambition. When we consider him as sitting in the highest tribunal in the kingdoru, eXplaining and correcting the laws, detecting fraud, and exerting all the powers of his eloquence on the side of justice; we admire the aùle lawyer, the commanding orator, and the upright judge. But when he enters into all the iniquitous measures of the Cabal, when he prostitutes his eloquence to enslave his country, and becomes the factious leader and the popular incendiary; we regard him with an equal mixture of horror and regret.*' HENEAGE FINCH, baron of Daventry, lord high- chancellor, 1676; whole lcnp"tlz. HENEAGE FINCH, earl of Nottingham, &c. lord high-chancellor, &c. 1681. Kneller p. ll. White sc. larg'e h. slz. HENEAGE FIXCH, earl of Nottinghaln; in "Noble Authors," by Park,. 1806. There is a portrait of him at Gorhambury. · His fricnd 1\lr. Locke, who di1fers from other writers in his character of him, tclf us, " that the good of his country was" hat he steered his councils and action! by I llllOUgh the whole course of his life." Promoted Nüv. 167 . 118 BIOGRAPI-IICAL HISTORY Promoted Nov. 9, lG73. Heneage Finch, who was made solicitor-general soon after the restoration, rose by regular gradations to the high office of chan- cellor, for which he was eminently qualified. He presided in the Chancery when the whole kingdonl was divided into factions; but had such a command of his passions, and was so nice in his con- duct, that he always appeared to be of no faction himself. He was master of the powers of elocution in a very high degree; a talent extremely dangerous in the possession of a dishonest n1an. This be took every occasion of exerting: but it was only to enforce and adorn, never to weaken or disguise the truth. * Several of his speeches are in priat. Ob. 18 Dec. 1682.. FRANCIS, lord Guilford, lord-keeper, &c. del. et sc. larg'e h. ,- h. Loo'(ran ðb FRANCIS, lord Guilford, &c. Loggan del. Vertue sc. 4to. Before his "Life," by the HOll. Roger North. FRAKCIS, lord Guilford; 8vo. FRANCIS, lord Guilford, &c. Bocqut.;l sc. In" No- ble Authors," by Park; 1806. · It would be injurious to the memory of this consummatc lawycr to omit the fol- lowing character, or to gh-e it ill any f)ther words than those of the ingcnions author. " Sir Heneage Finch, wllO succeeded (to the grcat seal) in 1673, and became afterward earl of Nottingham, was a per!!on of the greatest abilities and most uu- corrupted integrity; a thorough master and zealous dcfender of thc laws and con- t;titulion of his country; and endued with ä pCl'vading genius that enabled him to diM.:over and to pursue the true spirit of justice, notwithstanding the cmbarrass- ments raised by the narrow and technical notions which then prevailed in the courts of law, and the imperfect ideas of redress which had possessed the courts of equity: The reason and necessities of mankind, arising from the great change in property, by the extension of trade and the abolition of military tenures, co-operated in establishing his plan, and enabled him, in the course of nine years, to build a system of jurisprudence and jurisdiction upon wide and rational foundatious, which have also becn extended and improved by many great men, who have since pre- sided in Chancery; and from that timc to this, the PO\\ er and business of the court have increased to an amRziug dCt,Tcc."--Dlackstol1c's U COlUlIlcntaries," book Ill. chap. iv. OF ENGLAND. 119 FRAÝCIS, lord Guilford, &c. E. Ilardillg'. There is a portrait of him at \Vroxton, by Riley, which Mr. 'Val. pole says is capita] throughout. There is another portrait in the master's lodge, at St. John's College, in Cambridge, which has been miscalled Lord Ashley. The Honourable Roger North, biographer to the family, has given us a minute account of the Lord-keeper Guilford, who appears to have been a nlan of parts and various learning; but did not sbine with superior lustre in the court of Chancery. He enjoyed his high office at a time when it required a strong head and a steady hand to hold the balance of justice even. He was thought to be too much inclined to favour the court; though the author of his life tells us, that he was sick of the times, and that this sickness hastened his death; which happened at \Vroxton, Sept. 5, 1685. He was succeeded by the notorious Jefferies, who was a sufficient contrast to his character. He studied history, the belles lettres, matheillatics, and the new philosophy. He understood music, on which he has wriUen a " Philosophical Essay." I-Ie performed well on the bass viol, and employed a rnusician to play hiln to sleep. Another singularity was told of him, "that he rode upon a rhino- ceros, which was carried about for a show:" but his biographer as- sures us, that it was only an invidious calumny. This gentleman represents hin1 as very eminent in his profession; and possibly, with a view of raising him the higher, has endeavoured to degrade the character of the next person, but has not succeeded in his attempt. SIR MA TTHE\V IIALE, lord chief-justice of the King's Bench. M. m"i 'ht p. G. Vcrtlic sc. 1735; h. sll. MA TTJlÆUS HALE, nliles, &c. R. TVhite sc. A 1"011 in his 'right hand,. larg'e h. sit. A copy by Vall IIove. SIR lVIA TTlIE'V HALE; larg'e It. sIL. 'JJlC,":;Z;. copied f1"0111 White. MA TTHÆUS IiA LE, Iniles, &c. Van Hove sc. Sitting in an elbow-chair,. h. sh. Promoted Dec. 168i. Promoted .May 18, 1671. 120 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY l\IA TTHÆUS I-IALE, &c. Van Hove sc. Sitting" ' 8vo. MA TTHÆUS HALE, &c. Clarke sc. SittÙll "" 81'0. Lord Chief-justice HALE; slllall 4to. printed 'lvitlt the "SllllZ of Religion," ill a large half sheet. SIR MATTHE'V HALE. T. 'I'rottc1" sc. III Black- stone's "Co17znlentaries " by Christian; 1793. SIR MATTHE'V HALE; oval,. stipled. SIR MA TTHE\V IIALl.; 1nez':::;. T. Jordan e l. . At the Golden Lion, Fleet-street. SIR MA TTHE'V HALE; 'Ine.z;:::;. larp,'c 4to. J..,To nallle of engraver. SIR MATTHE'V HALE. lJIackensie sc. 1805; 8vo. oval. There is a portrait of him in GuildhalI, by l\Iichael Wl'ight, who painted portraits of many of the judges. This excellent person, whose learning in the law was scarce equalled, and never exceeded; was, in many respects, one of the most perfect characters of his age. Nor was his knowledge limited to his own profession: he was far from inconsiderable as a philoso- pher and a divine. He was as good and amiable in hi8 private, as he was great and venerable in his.public, capacity. His decisions upon t.he bench were frequently a learned lecture upon the point of law; and such was his reputation for integrity, that the interested parties were generally satisfied with them, though they happened to be arrainst thelnselves. No man Inorc abhorred the chicane of1aw- I:) yers, or more discountenanced the evil arts of pleading. He was so very conscientious, that the jealousy of being Inisled by his affec- tions made him perhaps rather partial to that side to which he was least inclined; Though he was a man of true humility,*" he was not !It Set:' Ua\h.'I'\ " Life," . fol. part iii. p. 176. OF ENGLAND. - 121 insensible of that honest praise which was bestowed on him by the general voice of mankind, and which must have been attended with that self-applause which is the natural result of good and worthy actions. The pride, which deserves to be called by a softer name, wa3 a very different thing from vanity. He is therefore very un- justly represented as a vain person by Mr. Roger North, who, by endeavouring to degTade an established character, has only degraded his own. 06. 25 Dec. 1676.;1< SIR RICHARD RAINSFORD, lord chief-justice of the King's Bench, &c. W Claret p. R. T01JlpSOn C 1:'C. large h. she 'lne.;;;'z. Sir Richard Rainsford, who was but a secondary character in his profession, had the disadvantage of succeeding a man who was con- fessedly at the head of it. His merit, eclipsed by the superior lustre of his predecessor, appeared to be lnuch less than it was in reality. He was as much above Sir 'Villiam Scrog'gs, his successor, in point of integrity,t as he was beiow Sir Matthew Hale in point of learning. Promoted 1676. Resigned l\Iay, 1678. SIR FRANCIS PEMBERTON, lord chief-justice of England, 1681. His head is in tile print of the Bishops' CouJlsel.-See the next reign. Sir Francis Pemberton is well known to have been a better prac- Promoted titiouer than a judge, to have been extreme]y opinionated of his abi- :J: I.11, lities, and to have rather made than declared law. The Lord-keeper · At the end of his It Life/' subjoined to his U Contemplations," &c. 8 o. bis printed works only are enumerated; but Bishop Burnet, author of that" Life," bath specified all his manuscripts, and told us wllere tbey are to be found. See the sepa- rate edition of the It Life," 1682. t H I have read somewhere,"f says Dr. Swift, "of an eastern ]dng, who put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence, and ordered bis hide to be stuffed into a cushion, and placed upon the tribunal, for the son to sit on, who was preferred to his father's office. I fancy such a memorial might not have been unuseful to a son of Sir 'Villiam Scroggs; and that both he and his successors would often wriggle in their seats, as long as the cushion lasted."-Drapier's H Letters," No. V. VOL V. * Probably in Latimer's " Sermons." R 122 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY Guilford said, that "in making law, he had outdone king,lordH,. and commons."* The Lord Chief-justice Saunders, who succeeded Sir Francis Pemberton, was too extraordinary a person to be pas-sed over in silence. He was originally 2t strolling beggar about the streets, without known parents or relations. He came often to beg scraps at Clement's Inn, where he was taken notice of for his un- common sprightliness; and as he expressed a strong inC'lination to learn to write, one of the attorney's cJerks taught him, and soon qualified hin'! for a hackney writer. He took all opportunities of improving himself by reading such books as he borrowed of his friends; and, in the course of a few years, became an able attorney and a very eminent counsel. His practice in the court of King's Bench was exceeded by none: his art and cunning were equal to his knowledge; and he carried many a cause by laying snares. If he was detected, he was never out of countenance, but evaded the matter with a jest, which he had always at hand. He was much employed by the king, against the city of London, in the business of the quo warranto. His person was as heavy and ungain, as his wit was alert and sprig'htly. He is said to have been "a mere lump of morbid flesh:" the smell of him was so offensive, that people usually held their noses when he came into the court. One of his jests on this occasion was, that" none could say he wanted issue, for he had no less than nine in his back." See more of him in North's "Life of the Lord-keeper Guilford," p. 224, 225.t SIR GEORGE JEFFERIES. R. Grave sc. 8vo. Sir George Jefferies succeeded Sir Edmund Saunders as lord chief-justice of the King's Bench, September 29, 1683.! III (f Life of the Lord-keeper Guilford," p. 222. t One of the daughters of Sir Francis Pemberton married Dr. \Villiam Stanley, dean ofSt.Asaph, some time master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and author of an anonymous tract of particular merit, entitled" The Faith and Practice of a Church of England 1\1an." The editors ofthe H Bodleian Catalogue" have attributed " The Romish Horse-leech" to the same author; but of this 1\Ir. Masters speaks very doubtfuJly.9 It has also, with extreme probability, been attributed to Thomas Staveley,1I esq. author of " The History of the Churches in England," which was become very scarce, and has lately been reprinted by T. Davies, with advantage. (f Lives of the Chancellors," p. 182. P.176. \I For whom Stanley was most probably mistaken. OF ENGLAND. 123 L'Estrange and the pope, together with Jefferies and the devil, were burnt in effigy by the populace in this reign. See the next. JOHANNES VAUGHAN, miles, capitalis justicia- rius de Communi Banco, Anno 1674. R. fVlzite sc. Before- his "Reports." Sir John Vaughan, a man of excellent parts, was not only well versed in all the knowledge requisite to make a figure in his pro- fession, but was also a very considerable master of the politer kinds of learning. He maintained a strict intimacy with the famous Mr. Selden, who was one of the few that had a thorough esteem for him. His behaviour among the generaJity of his acquaintances was haughty, supercilious, and overbearing: hence he was much more ad- mired than beloved. He was, in his heart, an enemy to monarchy; but was never engaged in open hostility against Charles I. The Earl of Clarendon, who had contracted some friendship with him in the early part of his life, renewed his acquaintance after the restoration, and made him overtures of preferment: but these he waved, on a pretence of having long laid aside his gown, and his being too far advanced in ]ife. He afterward struck in with the enemies of his friend the chancellor, and was made lord chief-justice of the Com- mon Pleas; an office which, though not above his abilities, was per- haps superior to his n1erit. He died in 1674, and was buried in the Temple-church, as near as possible to the remains of Mr. Selden. His "Reports" were published by his son Edward. Promoted 1668. SIR THOMAS TWISDEN, one of the judges of the King's Bench. Ob. 1682; h. she 1Jle. .;;. Sir Thomas Twisden was sent to the Tower by Cromwell, for pleading in defence of the rights of the city of London, for which he was retained as counsel. He was made a juc!ge of the King's Bench soon after the restoration, and continued in that office about twenty years; after which he had his quietus. He was created a baronet in 1666. SIR THOMAS JONES, one of the judges of the King's Bench. Claret i). TOlupson e.l'c. h.slz. 'JJle,zz. 124 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY Sir ThOlnas Jones was a lawyer of some eminence, but his name very rarely occurs in the histories of this reign.*' We oftener meet with that of Sir William Jones, who was a warm advocate for the Exclusion Bill. t Sir ThOlnas Jones was member of parliament for Shrewsbury. On the 29th of September, 1683, he was made lord chief-justice of the Common Pleas. He was author of " Reports of Special Cases in the Courts of King's Bench and COJInnon Pleas, from the 22d to the 36th Year of the Reign of I{ing Charles II. 1729;" fol. G-ALFRIDUS PALMER, miles et baronettus, attor- natus generalis Car. 11. regie P. LeZy p. R. White sc. Mr. Cambridge has the original picture. Geoffry Palmer, a lawyer of distinction in the reigns of Charles the First and Second, was son of Thomas Palmer, esq. of Carleton, in Northalnptonshire, by Catharine 'Vatson, sister to the first Lord Rockingham. He was representative for the borough of Stamford, in Lincolnshire, in the Long Parliall1ent, in which he was a chief ma- nager of the evidence against the Earl of Strafford. He afterward, from principle, adhered to the royal party, with which he was a fel- low-sufferer, having been imprisoned in the Tower by Cromwell, who dreaded his abilities, under a pretence of his plotting with the cavaliers. Upon he restoration of Charles II. he was made attor- ney-g'eneral and chief-justice of Chester. It should be remembered to his honour, that he was, in tbe early part of his life, one of the select friends of Mr. Edward Hyde, afterward earl of Clarendon. He died lVlay 5, 1670, aged seventy-two years. Sir JOHN HOSKINS was an excellent master in Chancery, and a man of an irreproachable character. He was more inclined to the · The curious reader may see a passage to his credit in Sir J. Reresby's II 1\lc- moirs," 8vo. p.233. Sir John Dalrymple,* where he speaks of King James's vain attempt to assert the dispensing power, mentions the foJIowing passage. It is reported, that the king said to Jones, "He should have twelve judges of his own opinion;" and that Jones answered, "Tw lve judges you may possibly :fiud, sir; but hardly twelve lawyers." t See Burnet, "01. i. t H l\icmoirs," i. p. 153. OF ENGLAND. 125 study of the new philosophy, than to follow the law; and is best known to the world as a virtuoso. See the next reign. "JOHANNES KING, eques auratus, serenissimo Carolo 2 do regi legibus Angliæ consultus: illustrissimo Jacobo duci Eboracensi advocatus generalis; ac etiam ex honorabili Interioris Ten1pli communitate socius. Ob. 29 Junii, Ao Dom. 1677, Æt.38. Corpus in æde Ten1plorum sepultum jacet,* quarto die Julii anno prædicto, ubi mausoleum erigitur," &c. tV. Sherwin sc. larg,'e h. slz. Sir John King, a finished scholar, an accomplished gentleman, a lTIodest man, and a pious Christian, was educated at Queen's Col- lege, in Cambridge, whence he removed to the Inner Temple. He promised to make a more considerable figure in the law than any lnan of his age and standing, and was great1y countenanced by Charles II. who intended him for a rival to Sir 'Villi am Jones the attorney-general, as he strenuously opposed all the n1easures of the court. It is probable that he would soon have supplanted him, if he had not been prevented by death. Such was hÌ3 reputation, and so extensive his practice, that in the latter part of his life, his fees amounted to forty and fifty pounds a day.t The Honourable ROGER NORTH, esq. ./Et. circ. 30. P. Lely p. 1680. G. Vertue sc. 1740. Before his "E.:ra1Jlen," 'c. 1740; larg'e 4to. Roger North, esq. son of Sir Dudley North, and a near relation of the Lord-keeper Guilford, with whom he chiefly spent the active part of his life. He applied himself to the law, and was, in this reign, a counsellor of note, and in the next attorney-general. He has taken great llains, in his "Examen into the Credit and Veracity of a pre- tended Complete History,"t to vilify that work; and has, in several instances, contradicted facts founded upon authentic records, and III Sic. Orig. t Echard, p. 936, 937. * Dr. 'Vhitc Kcnnel's " Complete History of England." 126 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY decried or extolled the characters of persons, whose merit or de.. merit is as well established as these facts. He was also author of - the Lives of Francis, lord Guildford, lord-keeper; of Sir Dudley North; and of Dr. John North, master of Trinity College, in Cam- bridge. These are generally bound together in a large quarto. He is so very uncandid in his character of Judge Hale as to bring his veracity in question in the characters of others, where he had, per- haps, a much stronger temptation to deviate from the truth. SIR CHRISTOPHER TURN OR. JVright pinL'l}. y. Harding' sc. III Jlarding"s " Biographical lJlirroltr /' froJJz the orig'illal in Guildhall. Sir Christopher Turnor, knight (descended from tbe Turnors of HaverhilI, in Suffolk), was born at l\1ilton-Ernys, in Bedfordshire, 1607. After his school education was completed, 11e was admitted at Emmanuel College, Camhridge; from thence removed to the Middle Temple, and was called to the bar 1633, with the celebrated Earl of Clarendon. During the time of anarchy and confusion, he is said to have laid aside the gown and have taken up the sword in support of the crown. He became a bencher of the l\liddle Temple 1654, and was of considerable eminence in his profession. At the restoration he was made serj'eant-at-Iaw, and constituted a baron of the Exchequer, and had the honour of knighthood conferred upon him, 1660. He sat upon the trials of the regicides, and was ex- tremely cautious in the execution of his office, in matters of life and death. After the fire of London, he and his contemporaries made an offer of their services to settle the differences which might arise between landlord and tenant, in rebuilding the city. In gratitude for such signal services, the portraits of Sir Christopher and the other judges were painted, and placed in Guildhall. Ob. 1675, Æt. 68. JOHN COOK; a sl1zall head in the frontispiece to the "Lives, Speeches, and private Passages, of Persons lately eL't ecuted;" London, 1661; 8vo. J OIIN COOK; ill all oval,. 8vo. OF ENGLAND. 121 JOHN COOK, solicitor-general. R. S. Kirby e:rc. 8vo. Mr. John Cook was a barrister of Gray's Inn, where he resided, and was in considerable practice, when appointed to the office of solicitor-general by that power that dared to bring' Charles the First to a public trial. Smne writers insinuate it was more through po- verty than principle he engaged in the undertaking; but whoever will lpok to the manner in which he conducted the charge, may per- ceive he was no way behind the President Bradshaw in acrimony against the unfortunate monarch. The Rump Parliament, on the 10th of January, 1648, after they had made an act for constituting a high court of justice, directed an order to 1\11'. Cook, together with Mr. Ask and Dr. Dorislaus, to draw up a charge against the king. In this Mr. Cook was most particularly active, and when the king ap- peared in court, exhibited the following charge: "That he the said John Cook, by protestation (saving on behalf of the people of Eng- land the liberty of exhibiting at any time hereafter any other charge against the said Charles Stuart; and also of replying to the answers which the said Charles Stuart shall make to the premises; or any of them, or any other charge that be so exhibited), doth for the said treasons and crimes, on the beþalf of the said people of England, impeach the said Charles Stuart as a tyrant, traitor, nlurderer, pub- lic and implacable enemy to the Commonwealth of England, and prayeth that the said Charles Stuart, king of England, Inay be put to answer all and every the prelnises, that such proceedings, exami- nations, trials, sentences, and judgment, may be hereupon had, as shall be agreeable to justice; and farther prayed justice against him, saying the blood that had been spilt cried for it. On the king's attempting an endeavour to shew the incompetency of this court to try the question, he was ever interrupted by Cook, Who complained to the court of the time being trifled away, and Inoved, that if the king would not plead to the things complained of in the charge,judgment might be taken pro confesso: and the last day ðemanded judgment of the court against the prisoner at the bar (the title he gave the king), upon which sentence was given and execu- tion soon after followed. So little appears Mr. Cook to have had any compunction for the part he acted in the trial, that he shortly after wrote a book, entitled, "Monarchy no Creature of God's making; " in which he states "that the late king was the fattest sacrifice that ever was offered to Queen Justice." 128 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY The parlianlent, to reward Mr. Cook, ordered him, as the thanks of the house, 300l. per anm.nn, in the county of \Vaterford, in Ire- land, whither they sent him likewise in quality of a judge. He was not long here before the commissioners for governlnent in Ireland made choice of hiln as the chief judge to examine, try, and give sentence upon an act lately passed against the delinquents (as they were termed), those who had been found guilty of assisting the late king in his troubles. He continued to act in his judicial capacity in Ireland, until the restoration of Charles the Second, when he was seized, an(1 sent prisoner to England, in order to take his trial for high-treason. During the time he remained in power, it was his practice occasionally to preach up and down the country, and being himself an Anabaptist, he particularly favoured all of that sect. Mr. Cook, after remaining in confinement four months, was brought to the bar of the Old Bailey, October 14, 1660; and, after a trial that occupied the best part of the day, upon the clearest evi- dence as to his preparing and drawing the charge stated in the in- dictment, was found guilty. On Tuesday, Oct. 16, 1660, Mr. Cook was drawn upon a hurdle from N ewgate to Charing-'cross, the place appointed for execution; and, in order to intimidate and disturb his thoughts, the disfigured head of Major-general Harrison (who had been executed a few days before) was placed, with the bare face before him, on the sledge; but, notwithstanding the dismal sight, he passed rejoicingly through the streets, as one borne up by that spirit, which man could not cast down. He ascended the ladder very cheerfully, and told the sheriff that as for himself he thanked God he could welcome death; but as for Mr. Peters (who was to die with him), he could very well have wished that he might be reprieved for some time, for that he was neither prepared nor fit to die. After some farther observations, the executioner did his office, and being quartered, his head was or- dered to be set on \Vestminster Hall, and his limbs were set upon the gates of the city of London. FABIAN PHILIPS; fronl a rniniature. G. P. Hard- ing sc: 4to. Fabian Philips was born at Prestbury, in Gloucestershire, on the 28th of Spptember, ] 601, and in early youth -passed some time in OF ENGtAND. 129 one of the inns of Chancery, aud thence removed to the l\liùdle Temple, where he attained a great knowledge of the law. His principles were decidedly royal; he was a strenuous asserter of the king's prerogative, and so zealous in his endeavours to serve the un- fortunate Charles 1. that two days before the king was beheaded and in defiance of the dangers to which such a conduct exposed him, he drew up a protestation against the" intended murder," and caused it to be printed, and affixed to posts in aU the public places. He also published, in 1649, a pamphlet entitled, " Veritas Inco71- cussa; or, King Charles I. no man of blood, but a martyr for his people." In 1653, when the courts of justice at 'Vestminster, espe- cially the Chancery, were voted down by the Long Parliament, he published his "Considerations against the dissolving and taking them away:" for which he afterward received the thanks of Lent- haIl, the former speaker, and one of the "Keepers of the Liberties of England." After the restoration of Charles II. when the bill for abolishing tenures was depending in parliament, he published his " Tenenda non Tollenda; or the necessity of preserving Tenures in Capite, and by Knight's Service, &c." and in 1663, he published "The Antiquity, Legality, Reason, Duty, and Necessity, of Præ- E'mption and Pourveyance for the King." Both these tracts are in quarto: and he afterward printed nlany other pieces on subjects of a similar kind. He likewige assisted Dr. Bates in his "Elenchus Motuum ;" especially by searching the offices and records for au- thorities for that work. His passion for royal prerogative was far superior to his sagacity; for so late as 1681, he wrote his" Ursa Major et l\ linor ; shewing that there is no such fear, ås is factiously pretended, of popery and arbitrary power." He died on the 17th of November, 1690, in his eighty-ninth year, and was buried at Twy- ford, in l\Iiddlesex. For some time 1\'1r. Philips was filacer for London, 1\1iddlesex, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire; and he is reputed to have spent considerable sums in searching records and writings, and \)ublishing in favour of the prerogative; yet the only advantage he derived was the place of a commissioner for regulating the law; worth 200l. per annum, but which QI1ly existed two years. RICHARD LANGHORN, (counsellor at law). E. Llltterel f. 4to. 1ne:"::. 'TOL. v. s 130 EIOGRAPHI At HISTOR ì RICHARD LANGHORN; 1Jle.Z.Z;. TV. Ricltal dsoll; 4lo.- c.recuted ]4 Jul!J, 1679. RICHARD LANGHORN, &C. III Caul/ie/d"s "Re 'Inarkable Persons /' 8vo. Richard Langhorn, a Papist, who had long passed for a Pro- testant, was much employed by the Jesuits in the Inanagement of their affairs. Though he was said to be of a fair character in his profession, his conduct, on some occasions, seems to have been sufficiently artful and jesuitical. A little before the restoration, he engaged a half-witted person to manage elections for him in Kent; and was asked by 1\fr. John Tillotson,* who was privy to the secret, why he employed so weak a man in that business. He very frankly told him, that it was a maxim with him to employ men of his cha.. racter; because, if such agents should take it into tMir heads to turn informers, it would be easy to invalidate their evidence, by representing them as madmen. H-e was convicted, upon the testi- mony of Titus Oates, of conspiring the death of the king. During Iiis trial, and at the place of execution, he persisted in asserting his innocence; but his enemies gave little or no credit to his assevera- tions. It was even said, that prevarication and falsehood for the Catholíc cause, was not only allowed, but deemed meritorious by the church of Rome; and that a man who dared to perjure himself for the Romish religion, was esteenled but little inferior, in point of merit, to one that dared to die fol' it. He was executed the 14th ef July, 1679.. " RICHARD GRAVES, esq. of Mickleton,t a bencher and reader of Lincoln's Inn, clerk of the peace, and receiver-general for the county of Middlesex. He had two wives, by whom he had issue nineteen chil- dren; six sons, and thirteen daughters; and died 1669, aged 59." G. Vel..tuc sc. It. Sll.t " Afterward archbishop of Canterbury. See Burnet's H Hist. of his own Time." i. p. 230. t Near Campden, in Gloucestersbirer a t The late Mr. Graves, a clergyman, who wrote II The Spiritual Quixote," an ill- geniou'i rornanrf" in tlae manner or Ct'rY':mtes, was cle!lct'ndt'd from tlli'i {amil,. OF ENGLAND. l31 SCOTCH LAWYERS. SIR JOHN NISBET, of Dirleton, lord-advocate. Paton del. R. White sc. h. Sll. Sir John Nisbet, an eminent and upright lawyer, an excellent scholar, and -an uncorrupt patriot, particularly distinguished himself by pleading against a standing militia in Scotland, in the reign of Charles. II. in which he was one of the commissioners that treated with those of England concerning a union of the two kingdoms. He was succeeded in his office of king's advocate by Sir George :\lackenzie. :If GEORGI US MACKENZIUS, a valle rosarum, &c. P. Vandrebanc sc. n. sll.. SIR GEORGE lVIACKENZIE; arlJlS; lJlOttO, "FirJlla 'l/el ardua /' h. sll. R. Wood. SIR GEORGE MACKENZIE. W Richardson; 8vo.. SIR GEORGE MACKENZIE; in an oval; folio. There is a good portrait of him, much like this print, in the pic- ture ganery at Oxford. Sir George Mackenzie, an able lawyer, a polite scholar, and a celebrated wit, was king's advocatet in Scotland, in the reign of Charles and James II. He was learned in the laws of nature and nations; and particularly in those of his own country, which he illustrated and defended by his exceHent writings. He finished his studies at the universities of Aberdeen and St. Andrew's, before he was sixteen years of age; and is said to have pleaded at the bar before he was twenty. He was a great master of forensic eloquence, on which he has written an elegant discourse,t which contains a briet -- Bornet. . t This answers to the office of attorney-general in England. It is entitled" Idea Eloqucntiæ forcmis hodiernæ," &c. 132 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY but comprehensive compendium of the laws of Scotland. The polite.. ness of his learning, and the sprightliness of his wit, were conspicuous in all his pleadings, and shone in his ordinary conversation. 'Ir. Dryden acknowledges, that he was unacquainted with what he caBs H the beantiful tnrn of words and thoughts" in poetry, till they were eXplained and exemplified to him, in a conversation which he had with " that noLle wit of Scothnd, Sir George l\Iackenzie.". J-Ie has written several piece3 of history and antiquities, and also essays upon various suhjects ; none of which were more admired, than his" }Ioral Essay upon Solitude, preferring it to public Em- ployment, such as Fame, Command, Riches, Pleasure, Conversa- tion,H &c. This was answered by r. John Evelyn. It is hard to say which of these gentlemen was capable of enjoying the pleasures of solitude in a more exquisite degree. But nIr. Evelyn, who in his character resembled Alticlls, as much as Sir George did Cicero, was so honest, as to prefer the active Jife to speculative indolence, from a consciousness that it is infinitely more for the advantage of mankind. Sir George came into Enghtnd soon after the revolution, with a view of enjoying that learned retirement which he longed ft)r in the university of Oxford. In J uve, J 690, he was admitted as a student into the Bodleian Library; but died within a year after his admission, at his lodgings in London, on the 2d of l\Iay, 169 I. He was a great benefactor to literature, having founded the advocates' library at Edinburgh, which now contains above thirty thousand volumes. t His works were printed at Edinburgh, in 111 Ô, in two volumes folio. ee the reign of JAM ES II. :-;lI{ JOIIX GILl\IOUIt, president of the court of sessions of Scotland; j'rOlll on orig'inal picture ]JaÙllcd by old S'collgal, at Inch, J/ear l diJlburg'h. C'.B. Ryley .(jr. 8vo. Sir John Gilmour, of Craigmillar, a Scotch advocate, who had, at the restoration of King Charles the Second, the more credit, having a1ways favoured the king's side, obtained the high office of president of the court of stssion, in which post he gave an applaud- ed instance of his impartia1ity, in the stand which he made in behalf Df'dic:itinn to DrYc1f1n's " Juvenal," p. 152, 133, 5th dif. t Pcnnaut' " Tour in ScotJ,ißd," p. 18. OF ENGLAND. 133 of Archibald Campbell, the first marquis of Argyle, OIl his trial for treason, in which an attelllpt was made to convict the noble pri- soner of the murder of King Charles the First, by presumption and precedent. Gilmour declared, that he abhorred the attainting of a man upon so remote a presumption as that adduced, and looked npon it to be less justifiable than the luuch-decried attainder of the Earl of Strafford; and therefore undertook the argument against the Earl of l\Iiddleton ; and had so clearly the better of him, that, although the parJiament was prejudiced against the marquis, and every thing was likely to pass which might blacken him, yet, when it was put to the vote, the noble prisoner was acquitted of the charge, by a great majority. Gilmour presided at the head of the court of session ten years with great dignity and ability; viz. from June 1st, 1661, to January 17th, 1671-2; at which time he was succeeded by Sir David Dal- rymple, viscount Stair. SIR PATRICK LYON, ofCar e, kIlt. judge of the high court of Adn1Ïralty of the kÏI gdon1 of Scotlanù. R. TVlzite ad ViVll]]l sc. Ii. s/z. CLr\SS 'TII. l\lEN OF THE S'VORD. JACOBUS TURNER, eques auratus; ill ar1J10llr, arJllS, ?Jlotto, " Tit ne cede ilIalis." R. TV/lile sc. Il. ð'/i. Sir James Turner was a man of great natural courage, which was sometimes inflamed to an uncommon degree of ferocity, by strong liquors; in the use of which he freely indulged himself. 'Vhen the laws against conventic1es were put in execution in Scot- Jand, he was ordered to quarter the guards, of whom he had the command, in different parts of that kingdOlll; and, in an arbitrary manner, to levy finc , and otherwise Plluish the delin(Plcnts. He 134 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY treated the people with such rigour as gave the highest oflènce: and happening to fall into their hands unàrmed, he expected every moment to be sacrificed to their resentment. But as they found by his orders, which they seized with his other papers, that he had been enjoined to act with still greater rigour, they spared his life. He was frequently reprimanded by Lord Rothes and Archbishop Sharp for treating the people with too great lenity, but never for his acts of violence. He was a man of learning, and wrote" Essays on the Art of War," published in folio, 1683. COLONEL GILES STRANGEW AYS, of Mel- bury Sampford, in Dorsetshire. II The rest fame speaks, and make his virtues known, By's zeal for the church, and loyalty to the throne. The artist in his draught doth art excel, None but himself, himself can paralle1. * But if his steel could his great mind express, That would appear in a much nobler dress." D. Loggan ad ViVU}}l delin. h. slz. scarcc. GILES STR \NGE\V A YS. Clanzp sc. This worthy gentlen1an, who descended from one of tbe most ancient and respectable families in Dorsetshire, was representative in parlialnent for that county,t and one of the privy council to · Theobald f.eem! to ha\'e auopted thi line, with very little variation, ill his II Double Falsehood," None but himself can bc his parallel. The thought is so very singular, that it is e>..tremeJy improbable that two persons sh.ould have hit upon it, and aricd so littlc in tbe expression.: Sir \ViHiam Temple has varied more; where speaking of Cæsar, he says, that .he wa3 II equal only to bimself." . t It appears from the " N otitia Parliamentaria," that the county of Dorset has not been without a represcntati..e of this family from the reign of l\Iary, to that of George I. In the former of these reigns, Giles Slrangewa 's, knt. was member of parliament for tl1at county. ; See Balhos, &c. chap. 'Vii. Sec the It E say on the G RrÙC1l5 of Epicuru ." OF ENGLAND. 135 Charles II. In the time of the civil war, he had the command of a regiment in that part of the royal army which acted under Prince Maurice in the West. In 1645, he was imprisoned in the ToweF for his active loyalty, where he continued in patient confinenlent for two years, and upwards of six months. There is a fine medal lion of him, struck upon this occasion; on the reverse of which is represented that part of the Tower which is called Cæsar's; with this inscription, Dec'ltsq1.le ad'(:ersa dedel"l1lf.. When Charles fled into the West, in disguise, after tbe battle of Worcester, he sent him three hundred broad pieces;t which were, perhaps, the most seasonable present that the royal fugitive ever rE:ceived. But this was but a small part of the sum which is to be placed to the account of his loyalty; as the house of Strangeways paid no less than 35,000/. for its atta{'hment to the crown.! Ob. 1675. The present Countess of Ilchester is heiress of this family. GENERAL ROSSITIER, parliament general; in Si1non's "]J;Iedals," plate 20. General Rossitier, of Somerby, in the county of Lincoln, com- manded the Lincolnshire troops, and with Pointz besieged Shalford- house, in 1645; and afterward concurred with Fairfax and l\Ionk in the restoration, and received the honour of knighthood. lIe rnarried Jane, daughter of Sir Richard SamwelJ, of Upton, in the -county of Northampton, bart. COLONEL JOliN BARKSTEAD; fin oval, in tIle 8alnc plate 'lvitll Colonel O/ e!J and Aliles Corbet, It. slz. 'very scarcer COLONEL JOliN B.ARKSTEAD, 'lvitlt "is J'cal and autog'raplt,o 8vo. COLONEL JOHN BARKSTEAD. JJZ RiclzardJ'on,o 8Vll. tit Evelyn's II N umismata," p. 115. t See u An Account of the Preservation of King Charles II. after tbe Battle of Worcester," (published by Sir David Dalr.)"mp(e) p. 46. t Lluyd's