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/^f^ ^^^^ C/V'i^-''^
HISTORY OF IOWA
From the Earliest Times
TO THE BBGINHING OF THE TWENTIETH CeNTURY FOUR VOLUMES
By benjamin F. gUE
lllMitrmttd with Pb*i9grefbic y'livis a/ the Natural Sttnery 9/ tbt State. Pailic BuiMmgi, Phnter Life, Elf.
WITH rOKTKAlTS AHD BIOGRAPHIES <
VOLUME IV IOWA BIOGRAPHY
THE CENTURY HISTORY COMPANY
41 Lafayette Place
New Yorc City
Copyright, 1903 B. F. GuE
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
4981>7!2
• • -• • *
• • • • ••
• • •» • •
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• • 1 «^
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•\. •
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Publication Office
41 Lafayette Place
New York, N. Y., U. S. A.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME
FOUR
Biographical Sketches of Notable Iowa Men and Women
PAOB
Charles H. Abbott 1
Alonzo Abernethy 1
Austin Adams 1
Mary Newbury Adams 2
Lucian L. Ainsworth 3
Charles Aldrich 3
William V. Allen 4
William B. Allison 6
Albert R. Anderson 7
Daniel Anderson. 7
Alfred T. Andreas 7
Bobert 6. Armstrong 8
Charles Ashton 8
Washington I. Babb 9
Lysander W. Babbitt 9
A. K. Bail^ 10
Gideon S. Bailey 10
James Baker 11
Nathaniel B. Baker 11
Thomas Baker 12
Caleb Baldwin 13
John N. Baldwin 13
Jabez Banbiuy 13
Willis H. Barris 13
Willard Barrows 14
George W. Bassett 16
John F. Bates 16
William M. Beardshear 15
Charles Beardsley 300
Joseph M. Beck 10
Byron A. Beeson 17
William W. Belknap 17
George W. Bemis 18
Nardssa T. Bemis 18
Thomas H. Benton 18
William H. Berry 19
James G. Berryhill 19
[Vol. 4]
PAGX
Charles E. Bessey 20
Samuel L. Bestow 20
Benjamin P. Birdsall 21
Charles A. Bishop 21
Frederick E. Bissell 21
Lucian C. Blanchard 22
Amelia Jenks Bloomer 22
Dexter C. Bloomer 23
Norman Boardman 23
Horace Boies 24
Lemuel R. Bolter 24
Nathan Boone 26
Caleb H. Booth 25
Edmund Booth 26
Daniel H. Bowen 2(J
Thomas Bowman 26
Philip B, Bradley 27
John M. Brainard 27
Nathan H. Brainard 28
Isaac Brandt 28
John Brennan 28
Ansel Briggs 29
Johnson Brigham 30
Aaron Brown 30
John L. Brown 31
Timothy Brown 31
Jesse B. Browne 31
J. L. Budd 32
Henry C. Bulls 32
Samuel S. Burdett 33
Robert J. Burdette 33
Theodore W. Burdick 34
Howard A. Burrell 34
Cyrus Bussey 34
Walter H. Butler 36
Eber C. Byam 36
Howard W. Byers 36
IV
mSTOBY
PAGB
Melvin H. Byers 36
Samuel H. M. Byers 36
Henry C. Caldwell 36
Timothy J. Caldwell 37
Ambrose A. Call 37
Asa C. Call 38
Martha C. Callanan.. 38
James Callanan 39
Samuel Calvin 39
Edward Campbell 40
Frank T. Campbell 41
Margaret W. Campbell 41
Cyrus C. Carpenter 42
George T. Carpenter 42
William L. Carpenter 43
Phineas M. Casady 44
Carrie L. C. Catt 44
Jonathan W. Cattell 45
John Chambers 45
John W. Chapman 46
William W. Chapman 46
Daniel D. Chase 47
George M. Christian 47
Thomas W. Clagett 48
Charles A. Clark 48
George W. Clark 49
James S. Clark 49
Lincoln Clark 50
Rush Clark 50
Samuel M. Clark 51
Talton E. Clark 51
James Clarke 52
William P. Clarke 52
Coker F. Clarkson 63
James S. Clarkson 54
Richard P. Clarkson 55
David C. Cloud 55
Loremso S. Coffin 55
Chester C. Cole 56
Edwin H. Conger 57
John Connell 58
James P. Connor 58
John C. Cook 69
PAOS
John P. Cook 59
Datus E. Coon 59
George B. Corkhill 60
John M. Corse 60
Aylett R. Cotton 61
Robert G. Cousins 61
John Cownie 62
Phillip M. Crapo 62
Samuel A. Cravath 62
Marcellus M. Crocker 63
Henry J. B. Cummings 64
Albert B. Cummins 64
Charles F. Curtiss 65
George M. Curtis 65
Samuel R. Curtis 66
Marsena E. Cutts 66
Mark A. Dashiell 67
George Davenport 67
Samuel T. Davis 68
Timothy Davis 68
James G. Day 68
Henry Clay Dean 69
Horace E. Deemer 70
Nathaniel C. Deering 70
Orsbom W. Deignan 70
Jesse W. Denison 71
Michael L. Devin 71
William Dewey 72
Peter A. Dey 72
John F. Dillon T3
Jacob W. Dixon 76
John N. Dixon 74
Augustus C. Dodge 76
Grenville M. Dodge 76
William W. Dodge 78
Jonathan P. Dolliver 78
William G. D<Mman 79
William G. Dows 79
Francis M. Drake 80
Thomas Drummond 80
John F. Duncombe 81
Warren S. Dungan 81
Clark Dunham 82
OF IOWA
PAGB
William McE. Dye. 82
Joseph Dysart. 83
David C. Early 83
Enoch W. Eastman 84
Ariel K. Eaton 84
Willard L. Eaton 85
Ezra G. Ebersole 86
John Edwards 86
Joseph Eiboeck 86
John D. Elbert 300
John A. Elliott. 86
Washington L. Elliott. 87
Lyman A. Ellis 87
Charles J. A. Erics<»i 87
Samuel B. Evans 88
Samuel H. Fairall 88
David S. Fairchild 89
Sewell S. Farwell 89
Oran Faville 89
Joseph D. Fegan 90
Liberty E. Fellows 90.
Stephen N. Fellows 91
Andrew J. Felt 91
Robert S. Finkbine 92
Maturin L. Fisher 92
William H. Fleming 93
James P. Flick 93
John G. Foote 94
Sidney A. Foster 94
Suel Foster 94
Benjamin T. Frederick 95
Alice French 95
WUliam E. FuUer 95
Ambrose C. Fulton 96
Alexander R. Fulton 96
Abraham B. Fimk 97
James H. Funk 07
Washington Qalland 08
William H. Gallup 08
Hamlin Garland. 90
John A. Garrett 00
Conduce H. Gatch 09
John H. Gear 100
PAOB
James L. Ueddes 101
James I. Gilbert. 102
Gilbert S. Gilbertson. 102
Edward H. Gillette 102
Charles G. Gilman 103
Josiah Given 103
Welker Given 104
Samuel L. Glasgow 104
George L. Grodfrey 104
Stewart Goodrell 105
Joseph R. Gorrell 106
James O. Gower 106
Harvey Graham 106
Barlow Granger 106
Charles T. Granger 107
James Grant 107
Julius K. Graves 103
George Greene 108
James W. Grimes 100
Josiah B. Grinnell Ill
Benjamin F. Gue Ill
David J. Gue 112
Edward A. Guilbert 113
Francis Guittar 113
William H. F. Gurley 114
A. L. Hager 114
Augustus Hall 114
Benton J. Hall 115
Jonathan C. Hall 116
Moses M. Ham 116
John T. Hamilton 116
William W. Hamilton 117
William G. Hammond 117
Philip C. Hanna 118
James Harlan 118
W. F. Harriman 120
Elden J. Hartshorn 120
Serranus C. Hastings 120
Edward Hatch 121
Frank Hatton 121
Gilbert N. Haugen 122
Walter I. Hayes 122
Edward R. Hays 122
William C. Httyw&rd
Albert He»i
ThomM D, bwlj
Alfred Hebard
Thomas Hedge.
John M. Hedridc
HcrtDan C. Hemenwey. . .
Btcpben Hempstead
Henry B. Hendenhott. . .
David B. Henderson
Paris P. Henderson
Joel E, Hendricks
Bernliart llenu
William P, Hh-iibuni
John Eerriott
Francis J. Hcrron
Bumner B, Hewett
Aero B. P. Hildretli. . ..
Oershom H, Hill
SylTester G. Hill
David B. Hillia
John Hilainger
Alfred N. Hobson.
Adonimm J. Holmes
William H. Holmes
Asa Horr
Charles C. Horton
Henry Hoajiets
Knjftson Houjjh
Noel B. Howard
Orlando C. Howe
Samuel A. Howe.
Jamee B. Howell
Aaohel W. Hubbard
Elbert H. Hubbard
Nathaniel 11. Hubbard..
Silas A. Hudson.
JoA^h C. Huf^ea.
John A. T. Hull
John D. Hunter
James 8. Hurlt7
Btilson Hut«Ains
James G. Hutdiiaon
Harvey Ingham I4t
William H. Ingham 142
John P. Irish U2
John N. Irwin 143
Norman W. Isbell J43
Charles J. Ivea 144
Frank D. Jackson 144
Berryman Jennings 146
Edward Johnston 146
George W. Jones 140
Edmund L. Joy 147
William L. Joy 147
Joseph M. Junkin. 148
William W. Junltin 148
John L. Kanu'er 149
John A. Kasson 149
Bpnjnmin F Keables 161
John H. Kcatlej 161
Itacine D, Kellogg 132
JohnC- Kelly 153
Danii'l Kerr. 153
Harriet A. Ketcham 153
Charles E. Keyes 164
Lucicn il. Kilburn 164
John King 165
William P. King. 165
L» Vega Q. Kinne 169
John F. Kimey 156
William H. Kinsman. ISI
Samuel J. Kirkwood 1S7
Charles W. Kittredge IM
Joseph C. Knapp 130
Jolm li. Knoepfler 1S9
Frederick M. KnoU 1B9
John F. Lacey 180
Soott M. Lodd leo
Jed Lake 101
James T. Lftne ISl
Joseph R. Lane. 162
James i^. Lnngworlhy 182
\Vi!liani Lfliraliee 163
Henry W, Lathrop 163
Jaoob O. Launuu IM
Albert M. Lw 164
Joseph's. Leske. Iflfi
Antaine Le CUire. 186
H«ni7 W. Lee. 166
Shepherd Leffler 1ST
Frank: Leverett 167
Lorenzo D. Leirellini 1S8
Wuuer Lewia les
W. R. Lewis 109
J&mes R. Lincoln 169
Charles Lindermsn 1S9
Matbias Lofsb 170
William Loughridge 170
Junes M. Lore 170
Enos Lowe 171
Balph P. Lowe 171
Robert Lucas 172
Joseph Lyman 17S
William C. McArthur 173
Corncliufl Q. McCarthy 173
Emil McClain 173
Mofica A. McCoid 174
George W. McCrary. 174
James W. McDill 175
W J McOco 176
John F McJimkin 176
John McKean 177
Horace G. McMillan 177
Samuel McNutt 178
Smith McPhersou 178
Alfred H. McVey 178
Cyrua H. Mackay 176
George F. Magoon 179
Jrfm Mahin 17S
Doinis A. Mahoney 180
Smith H. Mallory 181
Edwin Manning 301
Orlando E. Manning 181
Jacques Marquette 181
William B. Martin 183
Charles Mason 1B3
Edward K. Mason 184
William E. MasMi IBG
Sylvester G. Matson. . . Charles L. Matthies. . . .
Sara B. Maxwell
Peter Melendy,
Nathaniel A. Merrill. . .
Samuel Merrill
William H. Merritt....
John F. Merry
Stillman T. Meaervey. .
tieorpe MfXigar
John Meyer
J Fred Myers
Lewis Miles
Daniel F. Miller
Samuel F. Miller
William E. Miller
James C. Milliman....
Frederick D. Mills
Noah W. Mills
Oliver Mills
Thomas Mitchell
William O. Mitchell....
Samuel A. Moore
Welcome Mowry
Charles W. Mullan.
Samuel Murdock
Jeremiah H. Murphy..
John 3. Murphy
John A. Nash
Johu R. Needham
C. C. Nestlerode
Joshua G. Newbold
John W. Noble
Reuhen Noble
Ada E. North
Charles C, Nourse
Hardin Nowlin
Maurice D. O'Connell..
Henry O'Connor
Addison Oliver
Jackson Orr
Herbert Osborne
Stephen B. Packard
D&Tid J. Palmer 206
Ftbscu W. Palmer 207
Jonathan W. Parker 207
Leonard F. Parker 208
James C. Parrott 208
Matt Parrott 200
John A. Parrin 209
Tfieodore 8. Parviu 210
William Patterwm 211
Bmlen G. Penroae. 211
Ch&rlee B. Perkins 212
George D. Perkina 812
ITilliain B. Perrin 213
Theodore B. Perry 213
Joeiah L. Piokard 213
Charles Pomeroy 214
Aabwj B. Porter 214
Joseph B. Powers 214
Alfrwd N. Poyneer 215
Henry O. Pratt 216
Gilbert B. Pray 21S
Isaao M. Preston 21S
Hirem Price 218
Solomon P. Prouty. 217
Waiiam H. M. Pusey 217
John W. Bankin. 218
Leri B. Baymond. 218
Wilbur A. Beaser 210
Jowph B. Beed. 210
Hugh T. Beid 210
Robert C. B«niger 220
MUtoD Kemley 220
Elliott W. Bioe 221
Sunnel A. Rice 221
A. P. RiidtardsoD 321
David K. BidiardMnL 222
Jacob 8. Ridunan. £23
Benjamin B. Boberta 223
George E. Boberts 223
Gifford S. Bobinson 224
Lewie W. Bora 225
Otorgt W. Ruddieic 225
John N. W. Bumple. 220
Nicholas J. Rusch 22S
Edward Russell 228
John Buseeli 227
David Ryan 228
Henry Sabin 228
Mary A. Safford 228
William Salter. 220
Ezekiel S. Sampson 230
Addison H. Sanders 230
Alfred Sanders 23*1
James H. Sanders 232
James P. Saoford 232
WUIiam F. Sapp 233
Alvin Saunders 233
Charles A. Schaffer 233
William O. Schmidt 234
Henry P. Scholte 235
John Scott 235
William A. Scott 236
Eugene Secor 237
Edward P. Seeds 237
Homer H. Seerley 238
John J. Seerlt; 238
William H. Seevers 238
Cato Sells 238
Elijah Sells 230
Joshua M. Shaffer 239
Benjamin F. Shambau^^ 240
John Shane 240
Albert Shaw 241
Leslie M. Shaw 241
William T. Shaw
Stephen B. Sbelledy.. Bnren R. Shermi
E^ Sherman
John C. Sherwin ..... James H, Shields. . . .
John G. Shields
Oliver P. Shiras ,
Christian W. Slagle..
Bobert Sloan
Hiram Y. Smith.. Lewis H. Smith..
OF IOWA
IX
PAGS
MUo Smith 24«
Roderick A. Smith 246
Walter I. Smith 247
WiUiam R. Smith 247
Robert Smyth 248
William Smyth * 248
Francis Springer 248
Frank Springer 249
Edgar W. Stenton 250
Thaddeus H. Stanton 250
John L. Stevens 251
Edward H. SUles 261
Laoon D. Stockton 251
George A. Stone 252
John Y. Stone 262
Joseph G. Stone 252
WiUiam M. Stone 253
Henry L. Stout. 263
Joseph M. Street 254
George R. Struble 254
Isaac S. Struble 254
Daniel P. Stubbs 255
Samuel W. Sunmiers 255
Adeline M. Swain 266
Albert W. Swalm 266
Pauline G. Swalm 267
Joseph H. Sweney 267
Ridiard H. Sylvester 257
Stephen J. W. Tabor 258
Hawkins Taylor 259
William H. Tedford 269
John Teesdale 259
Edward A. Temple 260
Marcellus L. Temple 260
Edward H. Thayer 261
Lot Thomas 261
James K. P. Thompson 261
William Thompson 262
William G. Thompson 262
James Thorington 263
Rodney W. Tirrill 264
George M. Titus 264
Lewis Todhunter 265
PAGS
William M. G. Torrence 265
Horace M. Towner 266
John S. Townsend 302
Henry C. Traverse 266
Jamee H. Trewin 266
Henry H. Trimble 267
Mathew M. Trumbull 268
John Q. Tufts 268
Asa Turner 268
James M. Tuttle 269
Voltaire P. Twombly 270
Nathan Udell 271
Thomas Updegraff 271
William Vandever 271
G^rge Van Home 272
Francis Varga 272
Philip Viele 273
Henry VoUmer 273
Charles Wachsmuth 273
Martin J. Wade 276
John L. Waite 276
George W. Wakefield 276
Madison M. Walden 275
WUliam W. Walker 276
John H. Wallace 276
Fitz Henry Warren 278
Charles M. Waterman 279
James B. Weaver 279
Silas M. Weaver 281
Andonijah S. Welch 281
Mary B. Welch 282
Luman H. Weller 283
D. Franklin Wells 283
Clark R. Wever 283
Loring Wheeler 284
Charles A. White 284
Frederick E. White 285
Charles E. Whiting 235
Leonard Whitney 286
Elias H. Williams 286
Joseph Williams 287
J. Wilson WiUiams 287
William Williama. 287
HISTOBY OF IOWA
PAGE
Wilson G. WilliamB 288
James A. Williamson 288
David S. WiUon 289
James Wilson 289
James F. Wilson 290
Thomas S. Wilson 200
Walter C. Wilson 291
Edward F. Winslow 291
Thomas F. Withrow 292
Annie T. Wittenmyer 292
William P. Wolfe. 293
PAOB
Marcus C. Woodruff 294
Joseph J. Woods 204
William G. Woodward 296
John S. Woolson 295
Ed Wright 295
George F. bright 295
George G. Wright. 29«
Joseph A. 0. Teoman 297
Stephen P. Yeoman 298
George H. Yowell 298
Lafayette Young 209
LIST OF PORTRAITS
William B, Allison Frontispiece
Austin AiJams Facing page 1
Mary N. Adams Facing page 2
Charles Aldrich Facing page 3
A. K. Bailey Facing page 10
Joseph M. Beck Facing page 16
George W. Bemis Facing page 18
William H. Berry 19
James G. Berryhill Facing page 20
Samuel L. Bestow Facing page 21
LucianC. Blanchard Facing page 22
Amelia J. Bloomer Facing page 23
Ambrose A. Call Facing page 37
Martha C. Callaoan Facing page 38
James Callanan Facing page 39
William L. Carpenter Facing page 43
Phineas M. Casady Facing page 44
Charles A. Clark Facing page 48
James S. Clark Facing page 49
Coker F. Clarkaon Facing page 54
James S. Clarkaon Facing page 54
Richard P. Clarkson Facing page 54
Lorenzo S. Coffin Facing page 55
Chester C. Cole Facing page 56
Edwin H. Conger Facing page 57
James F. Connor Facing page 58
Philip M. Crapo Facing page 62
Charles F. Cml-isa Facing page 65
George M. Curtis Facing page 66
Mark A. Dashiell ■. Facing page 67
Horace E. Deemer Facing page 70
John F. Dillon Facing page 73
JacobW.Dixon Facing page 75
Jonathan P. Dolliver Facing page 78
Warren S. Dungan Facing page 81
Willard L. Eaton. . . ; Facing page 84
Ezra C. Ebersole Facing page 85
HISTORY
- Joseph Eiboeck Facing page 86
David S. Falrchild Facing page 88
Sewell S. Farwell Facing page 89
Robert S. Finkbine Facing page 92
Alice French Facing page 94
William E. Fuller Facing page 95
Ambrose C. Fulton Facing page 96
Abraham B. Funk Facing page 97
Harriet F. Gear Facing page 100
Charles C. Oilman Facing page 103
George L. Godfrey Facing page 104
Barlow Granger Facing page 106
James Grant Facing page 107
Benjamin F' Gue Facing page 111
Mos&s M. Ham Facing page 116
William C. Hayward Facing page 122
Herman C. Hemenway Facing page 125
Gershom H. Hill Facing page 131
Alfred N. Hobson Facing page 132
James B. Howell Facing page 136
Elbert H. Hubbard Facing page 137
John A. T. Hull Facing page 139
Stilson Hutchins Facing page 140
James G. Hutchieon Facing page 141
Harvey Ingham Facing page 142
John P. Irish Facing page 143
Charles J. Ives . . Facing page 144
Joseph M. Junkin Facing page 148
Benjamin F. Eeables Facing page 151
Daniel Kerr 153
La Vega G. Einne Facing page 156
John F. Lacey Facing page 160
James T. Lane Facing page 161
Joseph R. Lane Facing page 162
W. R. Lewis Facing page 169
Charles Linderman Facing page 170
Emil McClain Facing page 173
Moses A. McCoid Facing page 174
OF IOWA
George W. McCrary Facing page 175
James W. McDill Facing page 176
Horace G. McMillan Facing page 177
Smith McFherson Facing page 178
Alfred H. McVey Facing page 179
Edwin Manning Facing page 301
Sara B.Maxwell Facing page 186
John F. Merry Facing page 189
StiUman T. Meservey Facing page 190
Samuel F. Miller Facing page 191
Welcome Mowry Facing page 196
Charles W. MuUan Facing page 197
Ada E. North Facing page 201
Henry O'Connor Facing page 203
Stephen B. Packard Facing page 206
Francis W. Palmer Facing page 207
Leonard F. Parker Facing page 208
Emlen G. Penrose Facing page 211
George D. Perkins Facing page 212
Theodore B. Perry Facing page 213
Gilbert B. Pray Facing page 215
Joseph R. Reed Facing page 219
David N. Richardson Facing page 222
George E. Roberts Facing page 223
Gifford S. Robinson Facing page 224
John Russell Facing page 227
Henry Sabin Facing page 228
Mary A. Safford Facing page 229
Eugene Secor Facing page 237
Gato Sells Facing page 238
Hoyt Sherman Facing page 243
James H. Shields Facing page 244
Oliver P. Shiras Facing page 245
Robert Sloan Facing page 301
Edgar W. Stanton Facing page 250
John L. Stevens Facing page 251
George R. Stnible Facing page 254
Daniel P. Stubba Facing page 255
xiv mSTOBY OF IOWA
Adeline M. Swain Facing page 256
Marcellus L. Temple Facing page 260
Rodney W. Tirrill Facing page 264
George M. Titus Facing page 266
James H. Trewin Facing page 266
Henry VoUmer Facing page 273
John H. Wallace Facing page 276
Andonijah S. Welch Facing page 281
Mary B. Welch Facing page 282
Frederick E. White Facing page 286
James Wilson Facing page 289
James F. Wilson Facing page 290
John S. Woolson Facing page 295
George H. Yewell ^ Facing page 298
PREFACE
A STATE or Nation is in a large degree what its people make it. If they are ignorant, in- dolent, or bigoted the institutions of the land in which they live will partake of these char- " acteristics. Had Iowa remained a Spanish possession and become settled by immigrants from that Nation, they would inevitably have planted upon its soil many of the institutions, laws and customs of the mother country. The influence of its early inhabitants would have been stamped upon its laws, educational in- stitutions, social condition and religious tendencies. Its status in the beginning of the Twentieth Century would not have been dissimilar to that of New or Old Mexico, or the South American nations. But fortunately the far- seeing wisdom of the Jefferson administration at the be- ginning of the Nineteenth Century ordained a better des- tiny for Iowa. The acquisition of Louisiana by the Republic of the United States more than doubled the extent of its territory and preserved its vast domain from European occupation for all time, dedicating its millions of acres to homes for our growing population. Almost immediately after the acquisition of the Louisiana Pur- chase the most adventurous people of the then western States and Territories began to seek homes in the new possession. Spanish and French rule was ended and the self-reliant young men of the new Nation, which had re- cently won independence from the strongest government of Europe, began to cross the Mississippi River and grad- ually dominated the new Territory. The Indians were crowded farther westward by adventurers and home-seek- ers and before the middle of the Nineteenth Century new
xvi HISTORY
States were coming into the Union, created from the wild lands of the Louisiana Purchase.
The first settlers in the Black Hawk Purchase were largely from the immediate valley of the Ohio River and Missouri. Many came to a land dedicated by the Missouri Compromise to freedom from slavery, because of its dedi- cation to freedom. They preferred homes where labor was honorable and bore no badge of abject servitude to a class exempt from toil.
While many of them retained prejudices imbibed from environment in early life, which found expression in legislative acts in pioneer years, as the immigration from New England, New York, northern Ohio and Mich- igan increased, the policy of local government and free schools gradually became engrafted upon the statute books. Race prejudice was slowly overcome, liberal sup- port was given to education by public funds, a sound banking system devised and the restrictions to corpora- tions so modified as to encourage works of internal im- provement. The pioneers found a vast domain of wild prairie and woodland, fertile soil, navigable rivers, abun- dant water power and a genial climate. The foundation was here for a great and prosperous State. It devolved upon them to develop its boundless resources, frame a Constitution and a system of laws.
How well and wisely the people of the Nineteenth Cen- tury who occupied Iowa, accomplished this mission, has been partially recorded in the preceding volumes of this history. The generations to come will want to know more of the lives of the leaders in the work of founding the State which, in the opening years of the Twentieth Cen- tury, has attained a position among the members of the Union which by general consent is regarded as creditable to its architects. While it would be impracticable to give even a brief sketch of the thousands who have contributed to the founding and development of Iowa in the various
OF IOWA ^ xvii
lines of useful work, a few hundred who have perhaps been most prominent have been selected for this volume as representative men and women in various lines of work.
Realizing the importance of having the counsel of some of the most competent citizens of the State in making these selections, several years ago the author consulted General Greorge W. Jones, Ex-Senator James Harlan, Judge George G. Wright and Theodore S. Parvin, who kindly assisted in designating the persons who should not be omitted. Since that time as others have attained promi- nence, Charles Aldrich and William H. Fleming have assisted in making additions to the list first selected.
Lawmakers, State and National, including those who have been chosen to execute, construe and administer the laws, occupy a large place in history. Educators, journal- ists, reformers, authors, artists, scientists and founders of benevolent and reformatory institutions have attained eminence in our State. Military achievements in the wars which have called our citizens from peaceful pursuits, both by officers and private soldiers, have brought addi- tional honors to Iowa people.
In the representative citizens of these different classes selected for biographical sketches, the reader may follow the brief record of nativity, educational opportunities, occupation and special work which has brought the vari- ous individuals into public notice It is especially inter- esting to observe what a large majority of those who have attained State-wide prominence in every line of useful work, belonged to the middle classes who have relied en- tirely upon their own industry, perseverance and per- sonal determination for the success achieved. Nearly all have been workers, rising slowly step by step, attaining the positions sought without the aid of wealth or influ- ential friends. Thousands of others are yearly pursuing a similar course with a prospect of equal success.
xviii HISTORY OF IOWA
Upward of six hundred of the most prominent people of the first half century of our State are here represented in brief biography; a few have left no attainable data from which such sketches can be prepared, and a few have failed to furnish such data, though still living. If other editions of this work shall be demanded, additions to the biographical volume will be made from those who are continually coming into prominence.
i^atcii.,^
IOWA BIOGRAPHY
Skbtohes of Notablb Men and Women of the Stats
OHABIiBS H. ABBOTT was born in Gonoord, New Hampshire, Janu- ary 25, 1819. After completing hia education he started west, stopping in Michigan. In 1850 he came to Iowa and settled in Louisa County, but later removed to Muscatine, where he engaged in farming, banking and real estate business. Upon the organisation of the Thirtieth Iowa Volun- teor Infantry in the summer of 1852, Mr. Abbott was appointed colonel of the regiment and at once took command. He participated in the Battle of Chidcasaw Bayou, and while leading his regiment in the assault upon Vidnburg, May 22, 1863, was killed.
ALONZO ABSRNETHY was bom April 14, 1835, in Sandusky County, Ohio. His early education was received in the public schools of that State. In March, 1854, he came with his father's family to Fayette County, Iowa. He entered the Chicago University, leaving the senior class in August, 1851, to enlist in the Ninth Iowa Infantry as a private. He was engaged in seventeen battles and won rapid promotion, attaining the rank of lieutenant-colonel before the regiment was mustered out. In 1855 he was elected to the House of Representatives of the Eleventh Qen- eral Assembly from Fayette County. In 1870 he removed to Denison, in Crawford County, but was soon chosen president of Des Moines College. In 1871 he was elected on the Republican ticket Superintendent of Public Instruction, serving six years by reflections. He was largely instrumental in securing the enactment of the laws providing for Teachers' Normal In- stitutes and the establishment of a State Normal School. In September, 1875, he resigned his office to accept the presidency of the University of Chicago. After two years' service he made a trip to Europe and upon his return made his home on a farm near Denison. In July, 1881, he was elected president of the Cedar Valley Seminary at Osage. Colonel Aber- nethy has long ranked among the eminent educators of the State.
AUSTIN ADAMS was bom at Andover, Vermont, May 24, 1825. He worked on his father's farm until fourteen years of age, attending the district school during the winter months. He prepared for college at Blade River Academy, teadiing school winters from the time he was sixteen, to assist in defraying expenses through college. Entering Dart- mouth he graduated in 1848. While pursuing his legal studies he served
[Vol. 4]
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flye years as principal of West Randolph Acadony. In 1853 he attended Harvard Law School and the following year was admitted to the bar, entering into partnership with Ex-Governor Coolidge. Mr. Adams soon removed to the far West, becoming a resident of Dubuque, Iowa, in July, 1854. There he began the practice of law, also took an active part in promoting public education, assisting at Teachers' Institutes. He was a prominent speaker in the first Republican campaign in Iowa. In one of his addresses he said:
" If the day has oome that John 0. Fremont or any other man in the country cannot be elected President without that election destroying the Qovemment, then we have no republican government."
In 1855 and in 1861 he delivered courses of lectures to raise funds for the establishment of a public library. Attending the famous discus- sion in 1858 between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas at Galena, Judge Adams remarked of Mr. Lincoln:
" I have heard the greatest man I ever listened to ; he ought to be our nert President.''
In 1875 Mr. Adams was elected judge of the Supreme Court and became Chief Justice in 1880. At the close of his first term he was reelected, serving a period of twelve years, again becoming Chief Justice in 1886. He took a deep interest in the State University and was one of the Regents for sixteen years. He was also a Law Lecturer in the in- stitution from 1875, as long as he lived. The students of the Law School spoke of Judge Adams as the intensely practical lawyer who taught largely by illustration. He was the sympathetic friend of young people. In 1883 Dartmouth College conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. In 1886, as Chief Justice, he presided over the opening of the new Supreme Court rooms in the recently completed State House. Judge Adams was an earnest advocate of the study of law for women and always welcomed them to the lecture room at the State University. He was the first Chief Justice to admit a woman to practice in the Supreme Court of Iowa and spoke in the highest terms of the manner in which she tried a case at the time she was admitted. Judge Adams retired from the beneh at the dose of his second term, and died in Dubuque on the 17th of October, 1890.
MARY NEWBURY ADAMS, wife of Judge Austin Adams, was bom at Peru, Indiana, October 17, 1837. Her ancestors had been for genera- tions in public life in New England, five of whom had been GoRremors. Her parents removed to the West and her childhood was passed in a log cibin amid the wUdemess of towering black walnut trees, surrounded by Indinnn with whom the family lived on terms of friendship. The older
MARY NEWBERRY ADAMS
. s
"^^^ f^^^ 5,,^^
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sister of Mrs. Adams became the wile of Governor John J. Bagley of Michigan. Her early education was received from her mother, but after the family removed to Cleveland, Ohio, Mary enjoyed the privilege of entering the classes of Emerson £. White, who was one of the great educa- tors of the State. When eighteen she graduated from the Bmma Willard Seminary at Troy, New York, and at nineteen was married to Austin Adams, a talented young lawyer. They came to Iowa, making their home in Dubuque. Both were students of science, history, philosophy and poetry. Mrs. Adams was one of the earliest and most enthusiastic advocates of the advancement of women, and was a leader in < the progressive move- ments of the times. She was one of the original members of the Associa- tion for the Advancement of Women, of the Social Science Association, the Anthropological Society, National Science Association, Woman Suff- rage Association, American Historical Assodatioo, the Federation of Women's Clubs and many other progressive and scientific organications. She was an accomplished public speaker and addressed various assoda- iioQS and meetings throughout the country on subjects in which she was deeply interested. She was chairman of the historical committee of the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893. Mrs. Adams died at Dubuque, August 5, 1901.
LUCIAN L. AIN8W0RTH was bom in Madison County, New York, on the 21st of June, 1831. He acquired a liberal educaticm, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1864. Mr. Ainsworth came to Iowa in August^ 1855, kwaiing at West Union in Fayette County where he opened a law ofBce. He soon attained high rank in the profession and in 1859 was nominated by the Danoerats for State Senator in the district com- posed of the counties of Fayette and Bremer. He made a vigorous can- vass, overcame the Republican majority and was eleoted, serving four years with marked ability. In 1862 Mr. Ainsworth raised a company for the Sixth Cavalry, of which he was appointed captain. In 1871 Captain Ainsworth was again elected to the Legislature, serving two years in the House. In 1874 he was nominated by the Democrats of the Third District for Congress and by his personal popularity overcame the Republican ma- jority of nearly 2,000 and was the first Democrat elected to Congress from Iowa in twenty years. He died in April, 1902.
CHARLES ALDRICH was born at Ellington, Chautauqua County, New York, October 2, 1828. He attended the public sdiools and for one year was a student at Jamestown Academy. In 1846 he entered a print- ing office, learned the trade, and in 1850 estaolished a paper at Randolph. In 1857 he removed to Iowa and located at the then frontier town of Webster City, Hamilton County, where he established the Hamilton Free- man in May of that year. In 1860 he was chosen Chief Clerk of the
HISTORY
House of Representatives of the Eighth General Assembly and in 1862 was reelected. In September of that year he entered the military service as adjutant of the Thirty-second Infantry Regiment, serving a year and a half. In 1866 he became editor of the Dubuque Daily Times and in 1866 purchased the Marshall Times which he conducted for about three years. He again served ad chief clerk of the House in 1866 and 1870. In 1872 he was appointed one of the commissioners to investigate the claims of the settlers on the lands embraced in the Des Moines River grant. When Congress provided for a commission to examine into these claims Mr. Aldrich was one of the members. In 1875 he served on the Hay den Geo- logical Survey in the western Territories. In 1881 he was a member of the House of the Nineteenth General Assembly from Hamilton County and was the author and advocate of a bill to prohibit the use of free railroad passes by public officials. In 1887 he was instrumental in having a tablet placed in the court-house of Hamilton County, on which were inscribed the names of the members of the company from that county which, in 1857, mardied to the relief of the survivors of the Spirit Lake Massacre. At the assembly gathered upon that occasion a large amount of valuable historical material was secured in the addresses of several of the chief actors in that great tragedy. From early life Mr. Aldrich was n collector of autographs of notable persons and during Governor Sherman's ad- ministration he conceived the idea of making his collection the nucleus of a historical department for the State. He was granted space in the State Library where he worked for several years in collecting manu- scripts, photographs, files of early newspapers and historical documents of value which were recognized by legislative action and became the foun- dation of the Historical Department established in 1892 of which Mr. Aldrich was appointed Curator. He has since given his entire time to the upbuilding of this department and conducting the Annals of Iowa a his- torical publication which was established in 1863. He was one of the Commissioners appointed by the State in 1895 to erect a monument to the memory of the victims of the Spirit Lake Massacre. In addition to many years' work in journalism, Mr. Aldrich has been a frequent contributor to scientific and historical publications.
WILLIAM V. ALLEN was bom in Midway, Madison County, Ohio, on the 28th of January, 1847, He attended the public schools in Ohio and Iowa and finally the Upper Iowa University but did not take a full college course. His father removed with his family to Iowa in 1857, mak- ing his home on a farm near Nevada. When the War of the Rebellion began William, who was but fourteen years af age, enlisted in the Four- teenth Regiment of Volunteers. He was rejected at the mustering in of the regiment on account of his youth. In August, 1862, he again en- listed in Company G, Thirly-second Iowa Infantry, was accepted and lenred
OF IOWA
to the dose of the war. He was in all of the mardies and battles of this regiment and the last few months was on the staff of General James I. Gilbert. At the dose of the war, Mr. Allen read law with L. li. Ainsworth at West Union, was admitted to the bar in 1869 and at once entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1884 he removed to Madison, Nebraska, and in 1891 was nominated by the Populist party for judge of the Ninth Judicial District and elected. ' In February, 1893, he was elected by a union of the Populists and Democrats to a seat in the United States Senate. As a judge he had acquired a State-wide reputa- tion and in the Senate he soon attained high rank in debate and was the acknowledged leader of his party in Congress. He served six years in the Senate, and upon the expiration of his term was appointed judge of his old district where he served until December 13, when he was appointed United Statee Senator to fill the term of Senator Hayward whose death had caused a vacancy. Mr. Allen has served as chairman of four State Conventions of his party in Nebraska and was president of the National Convention at St. Louis in 1896.
WILLIAM B. ALLISON was bom in Wayne County, Ohio, March 2, 1829. He worked on his father's farm summers and attended school winters until the age of sixteen when he entered the Academy at Wooster. Later he spent a year in Meadville College and one at Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio. He then studied law and in 1852 was admitted to the bar of Wayne County and began practice in Ashland. In April, 1857, he came to Iowa, locating at Dubuque, and two years later was a delegate to the Republican State Convention which nominated Samuel J. Kirkwood for Governor. In 1860 he was a delegate to the National Re- publican Convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, act- ing as one of the secretaries. When the War of the Rebellion began, Mr. Allison was appointed a member of Governor Kirkwood's staff to assist in organizing the volunteer service. In 1862 he was elected to Congress in the Third District and was three times reelected, serving until 1871. In 1865 he became a member of the committee of ways and means and entered upon a career which eventually made him authority on financial legislation. In 1870 he was a prominent candidate for United States Senator but was not successful. In 1872 he was again a candidate, was nominated over Senator Harlan and elected, taking his seat in the Senate March 4, 1873. Mr. Allison was appointed on the committee on appro- priations of which he became chairman in 1881. He was chairman of the committee on Indian affairs from 1875 to 1881, and chairman of the joint committee of investigation of the affairs of the District of Columbia, in which capacity he wrote a report which was embodied in a bill that has since constituted the municipal government. He has been a member of the Senate finance committee since 1877 and was largely instrumental
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in perfecting the act of Congress known as the Blaad-AIli8<Mi Mil, which was a compromise between the advocates of a single gold standard and free coinage of silver. The bill, after a long discussion, passed both houses of Congress but was vetoed by President Hayes. It was passed over the veto, and under its provisions 370,000,000 silver dollars were coined before it was changed by the act of 1890. When our Government made provision for an iiitemational conference in 1892, Senator Allison was chosen by President Harrison as chairman on behalf of the United States. When the l^slation of 1900 on the currency was under con- sideration by Congress, Senator Allison took a prominent part in the debates and the formulation of the law known as the Currency Act of March 14th, which provided for a permanent reserve sufficient to make certain the convertibility of all forms of money into gold at the will of the holder. Senator Allison had a large share in shaping the tariff legislation since 1877, and especially the revision of the tariff which fol- lowed the report of the Tariff Commission of 1882. He has long been at the head of the committee on appropriations and all expenditures of money made by Congress pass under his scrutiny. No Senator now a member of that body has served so long continuously as the senior Senator from Iowa, and no member of either branch of Congress has done so mudi to shape National legislation for the last quarter of a century as William B. Allison. Iowa has wisely retained the services of one so influential in the councils of the country, and has reelected him in 1878, 1884, 1890, 1896 and again in 1902. He was strongly urged by President Garfield to accept the position of Secretary of the Treasury, and again tendered the position by President Harrison and was offered ^he position of Sec- retary of State by President McKinley, but has wisely chosen to hold his place in the Senate. He has been frequently mentioned as an available candidate for President, and in 1888 was as near a nomination as any candidate who was tmsucoessful. Senator Hoar of Masaachuaetts tells the story of that convention in Scrihner'a Mctgamne for February, 1899. In brief he says :
"After several ineffectual ballots, the Convention took a recess. A meeting was held by a number of gentlemen representing different dele>
fations to see if we could agree upon a candidate. Among these was ames S. Clarkson, representing Mr. Allison. Piatt, Miller, Depew and Hisoock represented the different shades of opinion in New York, and all were present except Depew. Several names were discussed, and I made a very earnest speech in favor of Mr. Allison. Finally all agreed that their States should vote for Allison when the Convention assembled. I suppose everybody in that room when he left it felt as certain as of any event in the future that Mr. Allison would be nominated in the Convention. When Mr. Depew was informed of our action he said that he had been compelled to withdraw as a candidate owing to the strong (^position of the northwest from which Allison's chief support was derived. He protested against allow- ing that section to name the candidate for the Republican party. The three
OF IOWA
oDier New York men therefore withdrew from the support of AUisoii. But for this New York, Illinois, Wisconsin, PennsjlTania, MmssadiuseiU, Iowa, California and Missouri would hare cast thcdr unanimous yotes for Allison and his nomination would haye been assured. I think no other person ever came so near the Presidency ol the United States and missed
ALBERT R. ANDERSON was bom in Adams County, Ohio^ Novem- ber 8, 1837. He attained prominence in his native State before remoring to Taylor Coimty, Iowa, in 1857. There he studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar, soon after removing to Clarinda where he enlisted at the beginning of the Civil War in the Fourth Iowa Infantry. He won rapid promotion, being commissioned first lieutenant for gallant service at the Battle of Pea Ridge, became captain during the siege of Vicksburg and assistant Adjutant-General during the Atlanta campaign. Mr. An- derson reached the rank of major before the close of the war. Upon returning to Iowa after peace was established, he became a resident of Fremont County and was soon appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Fifth Congressional District. In 1881 he was appointed Railroad Commissioner, serving until 1884. In 1886 he was elected Representative in Congress as an independent Republican. He died at Hot Springs, South Dakota, November 17, 1898.
DANIEL ANDERSON was bom in Indiana in 1821. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and in 1843 came to Iowa, locating at Albia, in Monroe County. He was elected to the State Senate in 1854 as " an Anti- Nebraska man" in the district composed of Wapello, Lucas, Clarke and Monroe counties, serving two terms. Mr. Anderson was one of the founders of the Republican party and in 1850 was a delegate to the National Republican Convention which nominated John C. Fremont for President. Upon the beginning of the War of the Rebellion he raised a company for the First Iowa Cavalry of which he was commissioned cap- tain; in July, 1862, he was promoted to major and in August following became lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. In August, 1863, he war pro- moted to colonel and for some time was in command of a brigade until his health failed when, in May, 1864, he resigned and returned to his home in Albia. He was an able and gallant officer and universally es- teemed as a citizm. He resumed the practice of law and died on the 4th of February, 1901.
ALFRED T. ANDREAS was bora in Amity, Orange County, New York, May 29, 1839. After acquiring a liberal education he went west, taught school for some years and engaged in several business enterprises. He enlisted in Company 6, Twelfth Hlinois Infantry and served throu|^ the war, fighting in a number of the great battles. Mr. Andreas located in
8 HISTOBY
Davenport, Iowa, after the restoration of peace and for many years en- gaged in compiling and publishing county and State atlases. In 1875 he completed and published his greatest work, whieh was an ** Illustrated Historical Atlas of Iowa." It was a work inyolving a vast amount of careful labor as it contained large and reliable maps of each of the ninety-nine counties. These maps contained a complete plat of the sec- tion lines as well as townships, showing the wagon roads, railroads, native groves and belts of woodland, towns, cities and water courses on a large scale. It also contained histories of the various counties, biographies and portraits of the prominent State officials and notable men of Iowa. It was by far the most useful and valuable publication made in the State up to that time. It was accurate and became an official authority for real estate dealers, county and State officers. Later Mr. Andreas moved to Ohicago and organized the ''Western Historical Company," and gave his time to historical writing. He died at New Rochelle, New York, Feb- ruary 10, 1900.
ROBERT B. ARMSTRONG was bom at Polk City, Iowa, .\ugust 19, 1873. He graduated at the local high school at the age of fourteen and two years later entered the Iowa State College of Agriculture and Me- chanic Arts, relying largely upon his own resources in obtaining an edu- cation. Meeting with an almost fatal accident he was obliged to enter a printing office to procure money to continue his college course. In 1894 Mr. Armstrong secured a position on the Des Moines Leader and later be- came dty editor of the Dea Moines News, In 1895 he went to Chicago and soon obtained a position on the Daily Record, working in the local de- partment. In 1896 he came to Iowa as the representative of the Ohieago Jteeord during the political campaign in which Leslie M. Shaw was first a candidate for Governor. So rapidly had Mr. Armstrong developed news- paper talent that in 1898 he was sent to New York to take charge of the eastern news and editorial matter for the Record. Attracting attention of leading journalists in New York by his marked newspaper ability, in 1901 he was employed by the New York Herald as chief of its Chicago bureau. After Governor Shaw became Secretary of the Treasury, in 1902, he selected Robert B. Armstrong as his private secretary, where he de- veloped such unusual talent and practical business ability that Secretary Shaw secured his promotion to the responsible position of Assistant Sec- retary of the Treasury in January, 1903.
CHARLES ASHTON, pioneer preacher and journalist, is a native of Lincolnshire, England, where he was bom June 2, 1823. His parents emigrated to America in 1832, locating on a farm in Richland County, Ohio. Three winter terms at district school comprised his educational advantages. Early in the fifties he became a minister of the Methodist
OF IOWA
Episcopal Church, and in 1860 entered the itinerant work. In 1870 he was transferred from the Central Ohio to the Des Moines Conference, preaching for nine years in western Iowa. Retiring from the ministry in 1879, he became editor of the Chithrian, a Republican weekly newspaper published at Guthrie Center. He was the organizer and first president of the Quthrie & Northwestern Railway, now a branch of the Rock Island, running from Guthrie Center to Menlo. Mr. Ashton was appointed a member of the Iowa Columbian Commission, and as chairman of the arduBological, historical and statistical committee of the Commission he wrote and published the "Hand Book of Iowa" of which 26,000 copies were distributed. He was also superintendent of the horticultural exhibit and under his direction Iowa made one of the finest pomological displays at the exposition. Mr. Ashton has ever been known as an advocate of sobriety, good government and the promotion of all liberal enterprises.
WASHINGTON I. BABB was bom in Des Moines County, Iowa, Oc- tober 2, 1844. His education was begun in the public sdiools and con- tinued in the Wesleyan University at Mount Pleasant Early in 1863 he enlisted in the Eighth Iowa Cavalry, serving with his regiment in the Army of the Cumberland until the close of the war. He took part in the Atlanta campaign, the battles of Franklin and Nashville and the Wilson expedition through Alabama and Georgia. Upon his return to Mount Pleasant, Mr. Babb reSntered the University, graduating in 1866. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and entered upon practice in 1868. He was a member of the law firm of Woolson & Babb, which for eighteen years was regarded as one of the ablest in that section of the State. Al- though originally a Republican, Mr. Babb differed with his party on re- construction policy and united with the Democrats after the war. In 1883 he was elected to the House of the Twentieth General Assembly in a strong Republican county, serving as a member of the committees on judiciary and^railroads. In 1890 he was chosen judge of the Second Judi- cial District, resuming practice upon leaving the bench in 1895. When the free silver issue became prominent Judge Babb was largely instru- mental in securing the adoption of a sound money platform at the Demo- cratic State Convention of 1895, which nominated him for Governor. In 1896 he received the Democratic vote in the General Assembly for United States Senator. He adhered to the sound money wing of the party in the eampaign of 1896. Judge Babb has taken a deep interest in education, selling for more than twenty years as a trustee of the Iowa Wesleyan University, and several years as regmt of the State University. The former institution has -conferred upon him the degree of LL. D.
LYSANDER W. BABBITT was one of the pioneers of 'Iowa. He was bom in Soieca County, New York, January 31, 1812, and came to the Bfis-
10 mSTOBY
sissippi valley in 1836, locating at Burlington, which was then in Michigan Territory. In 1838 he was appointed hy General Henry Dodge adjutant of a regiment organized to protect the frontier. In 1842 he explored the upper ▼alley of the Dee Moinea River and while camped at the mouth of the Raccoon, predicted that the future capital of the State would be located in that vicinity. In 1844 he journeyed with an or team to Knoxville where he built a mill and opened a store. In 1848 he was elected on the Democratic ticket, Representative in the Legislature for the district com- posed of Marion, Jasper, Polk and Dallas, and all of the counties in that tier to the Missouri River. He served two terms in the House. While a member he introduced and urged the passage of a bill to remove the capital from Iowa City to Des Moines, then a new town laid out upon the spot where he had camped six years before. In 1853 he was ap- pointed Register of the United States Land Office at Council Bluffs and removed to that place. In 1857 he purchased the Council Bhtffa Bugle, one of the leading journals of his party in the State. In 1859 he was the Democratic candidate for Lieutenant-Governor but was defeated. In 1807 he was again elected to the Legislature. He removed to Arkansas in 1881 where he died October 4, 1885. He had been one of the influential leaders of the Democratic party of Iowa for half a century.
A. K. BAILEY was b<Mm in Wales, Erie County, New York, November 18, 1835. After attending school until he was thirteen, he entered his father's office and learned the printer's trade. In 1860 Mr. Bailey came to Iowa, locating in Winneshiek County and with his father, Wesley Bailey, founded the Decorah RepuhUoan, For more than forty years he has remained with that journal as one of the editors and publishers. It has long ranked among the best weekly newspapers in the State. He has, during that period, in addition to conducting the RepuhUoan, held the office of treasurer and recorder of the county, served sixteen years as postmaster of Decorah and for four years, from 1890 to 1894, represented his county in the State Senate. While a member of the Senate he was an earnest advocate of the Australian ballot law and one of the sealous sup- porters of the establishment of the State Historical Department. He and his father were among the pioneer journalists of northern Iowa and widely known throughout the State as among the ablest editors.
GIDEON S. BAILEY was bom in the State of Kentucky in 1810 and came to the " Black Hawk Purdiase " in 1837, locating on the west bank of the Des Moines River in Van Buren County. He was a physician but from boyhood had taken a deep interest in public affairs. When the Ter- ritory of Iowa was established in 1838, Dr. Bailey, then a young man of twenty-eight was chosen one of the members of the First Legislative As- sembly. He was the author of the first school system established in the
. K. BAILBT
OF IOWA 11
Territory. As chairman of the oommittee on schools he framed a bill, which became a law on the 24th of December, 1838, providing for public schools in eadi county free to all children between the ages of four and twenty-one. The bill also provided for the building of schoolhouses. Dr. Bailey was reelected to the House of the Second Legislative Assembly and in 1840 was elected a member of the Council where he served two terms. In 1844 he was a member of the First Constitutional Convention. In 1845 he was appointed by the President United States Marshal for Iowa. In 1857 he was elected to the State Senate, serving in the Seventh and Eighth General Assemblies. This honored pioneer lawmaker, who helped to frame the first statutes and first Constitution, has long been the only survivor of the earliest legislators and has lived to witness the marvelous develop- ment of the educational system he helped to found in the First Territorial Legislature of Iowa. He was for forty years one of the trusted leaders of the Democratic party of the State.
JAMES BAKER was born in Gallatin County, Kentucky, December 25, 1823. His father removed to Shelbyville, Indiana, where the son re- ceived his education. In 1852 he came to Iowa, locating at Bloomfield in Davis County, where he studied law and entered into partnership with his brother-in-law, H. H. Trimble. At the beginning of the Civil War Mr. Baker entered the volunteer service and received a commission as captain of Company G, Second Infantry. In November he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and eight months later became colonel of that famous regiment. He was mortally wounded while gallantly leading his regi- ment at the Battle of Corinth on the 3d of October, 1862. He lived until the 7th of October, when death ended his sufferings.
NATHANIEL B. BAKER is a name which will for all time be inti- mately associated with Iowa's war history. He was bom at Hillsborough, New Hampshire, September 29, 1818. A graduate of Harvard, he en- tered the law office of Franklin Pierce in 1839 and began practice in 1842. He was for three years editor of the New Hampshire Patriot and in 1840 became Clerk of the Supreme Court. In 1851 he was elected to the Legia- lature and chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives, serving two terms. In 1852 he was one of the presidential electors and voted for his old preceptor for President. In 1854 he was elected Governor of New Hampshire and was the last Democrat who held that office before the political revolution which left his party in the minority. In 1856 Gover- nor Baker became a resident of Iowa, locating at Clinton. In 1859 he was elected to the Iowa Legislature and when the War of the Rebellion began he led the war wing of his party to give cordial support to Govern nor Kirkwood's administration. The Governor appointed him Adjutant- General of the State and all through the Rel^pllion his superb executive
12 mSTOEY
ability waa given to the work of organizing the flfty-seren regiments of Tolunteers which Iowa furnished to the President. He organised a system that has preserved a permanent record of the service of every Iowa soldier who entered the army. As the war progressed the duties of Inspector- Qeneral, Quartermaster, Paymaster and Commissary-General were inq^osed upon him, and the duties discharged with promptness unsurpassed. He was untiring in caring for the comfort of Iowa soldiers, and as the regi- ments were discharged he gathered at the State Arsenal all of the battle flags which were brought home for careful preservation. H^ planned and superintended the great reunion of Iowa soldiers in 1870, where every one of the 20,000 veterans was eager to take him by the hand. He held the office of Adjutant-General to the day of his death, which occurred on the 13th of September, 1876. Governor Kirkwood issued a proclamation announcing his death and enumerating his great services to the State. The national flag was displayed from the public buildings at half-mast and minute guns were fired the day of his funeral, which was one of the most imposing ever seen in the State. A monument was erected to his memory over his grave in Woodland Cemetery, Des Moines, by voluntary contri- butions of Iowa soldiers.
THOKAS BAKER, a notable pioneer of Iowa, was bom in Mus- kingum County, Ohio, in 1810 and was appointed colonel of a regiment of militia when but nineteen years of age. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and, in 1836, came to the '' Black Hawk Purchase " and made a elaim many miles beyond the nearest settlement in Slaughter County. He was driven out by the Indians and his cabin burned. He returned to his claim in 1838. In August, 1841, he was elected to the House of the Fourth Legislative Assembly and reelected to the Sixth, serving through one extra and two regular sessions. He moved to Polk County in 1845 and the following year was elected to the Senate of the First General Assembly of the State from the district composed of the counties of Polk, Dallas, Jasper and Marion. Upon the organization of the Senate Mr. Baker was chosen President, becoming the first presiding officer of that body. He was a stanch Democrat and his party had a majority in the Senate, while the Whigs controlled the House. Party feeling was intense as the first United States Senators were to be chosen. Neither party had a dear ma- jority on joint ballot, as there were several independent members. After one ballot without a choice, the Senate refused to meet the House in joint convention and the session ended without electing Senators. During all of the bitter contest Mr. Baker presided with such fairness as to win the respect and confidence of every member of the Senate, which gave him a unanimous vote of approval just before adjournment. He was a Demo- cratic candidate for judge of the Fifth District in 1849, but was defeated. In 1860 Mr. Baker removed to California where he served in the Legis-
OF IOWA 13
lature and was for many yean Receiver of the United States Land Office. He died in November^ 1872.
CALEB BALDWIN was bom in Washington County, Pennsylvania, 3d of April, 1824. He graduated at Washington College in 1842 and im- mediately began the study of law. In 1846 he came to Iowa, taking up his residence at Fairfield where he entered upon the practice of his pro- fession. He served two terms as prosecuting attorney and in 1855 was appointed by Gk>vemor Grimes Judge of the Third Judicial District. In 1857 he removed to Coimcil Bluffs. In 1859 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court and became Chief Justice in 1862. In 1865 he was ap- pointed by President Lincoln United States District Attorney for Iowa. In 1874 he was appointed by President Grant, Judge of the Court of Commissioners to settle the Alabama claims. He died in the winter of 1876.
JOHN N. BALDWIN is a native of Council Bluffs, and the son of Judge Caleb Baldwin. He was born July 9, 1857, and received a thorough education in the public schools of his native city. He entered the Law Department of the State University and graduated with high honors at the age of twenty, in the class of 1877. Mr. Baldwin began the practice of his profession in Council Bluffs and has become one of the most suc- cessful corporation attorn^s west of Chicago. In 1894 Mr. Baldwin was President of the Republican State Convention and delivered an able and eloquent address. He was chosen by the friends of Senator Allison to pre- sent his name for President before the National Republican Convention at St, Louis in 1896, by which he became known as a public speaker of unusual ability. In 1890 he was one of the presidential electors at large on the Republican ticket.
JABEZ BANBURT was a native of England but came to America when quite young. He was a mechanic and located at Marshalltown, Iowa. Before the Rebellion he had some military experience as a member of an independent company. In June, 1861, he helped raise a company which was attached to the Fifth Iowa Infantry, as Company D, of which Ban- bury was elected first lieutenant. He won rapid promotion, becoming cap- tain in February, 1862, major in July following and colonel in April, 1863. After the fall of Vicksburg, he was for a time in command of a brigade. He was mustered out of the service in August, 1864, and re- moved to California in 1870, where he died on the 11th of December, 1900.
WILLIS H. BARRISy clergyman and scientist^ was a native of Beaver County, Pennsylvania, where he was bom July 9, 1821. He entered Alle-
14 HISTORY
gh&ny College at Meadville in 1836 and graduating, took a course of civil engineering, which he completed in 1841. From his youth Mr. Barris was a student of natural science, especially geology, in which later he prose- cuted original studies. At the age of twenty-one he entered the General Theological Seminary in New York City from which he was graduated in 1860, being ordained in 1862. Upon the advice of Bishop Lee, Mr. Barris came to Iowa in 1866, becoming rector of Trinity church at Iowa City. While there he continued his work in geology and became a member of the Board of Regents of the University in 1858. The following year he be- came rector of Christ's church at Burlington and ''contributed largely to the creation of that scientific interest with which Burlington limestone is now regarded." Portions of his collection went to the British Museum, but a larger part went to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam- bridge, and a large number of crinoid forms described by Wachsmuth, Springer and others were first discovered by Dr. Barris. In 1866 he became professor of ecclesiastical history (including Qreek and Hebrew) in the Theological Department of Qriswold College at Davenport, the chair having been created and endowed for his occupancy. Dr. Barris occupied the diair for twenty-five years, being above all else a diurchman. He was, however, a leading spirit in all scientific research and while at Davenport published many valuable articles, mainly in the Geologiodl Reports of TQiftow. He was largely instrumental in founding the Davenport Academy of Sciences, served on its board of trustees and was its president, 1876, and later was curator and corresponding secretary for many years. He was a member of many scientific societies and in 1860 Griswold College conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Barris died at his home in Davenport Jime 10, 1901, having been a citizen of Iowa for forty-six years.
WILLARD BARROWS was one of the first Government surveyors of the public lands of Iowa. He was bom at Munson, Massadiusetts, in 1806 and received a good education. In 1832 he was employed in sur- veying the lands of the Choctaw Purchase and later the swamp lands of the Tazoo River. In 1837 he came to Iowa and was employed in the first surveys of the "Black Hawk Purchase," along the Wapsipinicon River. In 1838 he located with his fkmily at the new town of Rockingham on the Iowa side of the Mississippi River, five miles below Rock Island. In 1840 he surveyed the islands in the Mississippi between the Rook River and Quincy. In 1853 he made a careful examination of ncxthem Iowa and published an excellent map of the State, with descriptive notes. It was by far the best map of Iowa that had been made and was adopted as the official map of the State, when published in 1854. Mr. Barrows was an extensive traveler over the American continent and an accomplished writer. He vras the author of the first history of Scott County, which was pub- lished in the old Anmah of low.
OF IOWA 15
GEORGE W. BAS8ETT was born in Canada in 1827. He received his education in Wabash College, Indiana, and the Cincinnati Law School. He came to Iowa in 1866, studying law with John A. Kasson in Des Moines. He located at Fort Dodge in 1858 where he practiced his profes- sion. In 1861 he was a lieutenant in a company of cavalry raised at Fort Dodge which was attached to the Army of the Potomac. He was disabled by wounds in battles and had to resign in consequence. Upon his return to Fort Dodge in 1863 Lieutenant Bassett was elected to the State Senate for the northwestern district consisting of twenty-eight counties and rep- resented more than one-third of the territory of the State in the Tenth and Eleventh General Assemblies. For nearly twenty years Mr. Bassett was the general agent for the leasing and sale of the lands embraced in the Agricultural College grant, disposing of nearly 200.000 acres of lands. He died in California on the 6th of February, 1896.
JOHN F. BATES was the first colonel of the first regiment furnished by Iowa to the War of the Bebellion. He was bom on the 3d of Janu- ary, 1831, at Utica, New York. He paid his expenses at school for six years by performing the labors of janitor. From 1852 to 1855 he was an insurance agent in New York City and then removed to Iowa locating at Dubuque. There he was elected Clerk of the District Court in 1858. When Governor Kirkwood issued his proclamation on the 17th of April, 1861, calling for volunteers for a regiment to serve for three months, thousands of ditizens responded. But one thousand could be accepted and when they were organized into the First Iowa Infantry in May, John F. Bates was chosen colonel. He commanded the regiment in the battles of Boone- ville and Dug Springs under General Lyon, but at the greater Battle of Wilson's Creek he was not present. His military career closed at the end of three months when the First Iowa was mustered out.
WILLIAM M. BEARDSHEAR was of Scotch ancestry and was bom November 7, 1850, at Dayton, Ohio. He was reared on a farm and at- tended the public schools until fourteen years of age when he enlisted in the Union army and was accepted because of his imusual size and strength. He served through the entire war in the Army of the Cum- berland and returning, entered Otterbein University from which he gradu- ated. In 1876 he entered the ministry in the United Brethren church, preaching at Arcanum and Dayton, Ohio. Meanwhile he attended Yale Theological Seminary foi two years. In 1881 he came to Iowa, accepting the presidency of Western College at Toledo, being one of the youngest college presidents in the country. In 1889 he was elected principal of the Des Moines public schools, but in 1891 resigned to accept the presidency of the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. For fifteen years Dr. Beardshear took an active interest in education, attending every ses-
16 fflSTOKY
Bion of the Iowa State Teachers' Association^ of which he was president in 1894. In the National Educational Association he served as manager and delegate from Iowa, as president of the industrial department and in 1901 was unanimously chosen president. In 1897 Dr. Beardshear was appointed by President McKinley a member of the United States Indian Gommiasion. He died at Ames, August 6, 1902.
JOSEPH M. BECK was bom in Clear mont County, Ohio, April 2l8t, 1823, of English-Welsh descent, of best ancestry on maternal and paternal sides— in some respects distinguished families. He was educated in Indiana schools and at Hanover College, Madison, Indiana, where he read law with Judge Miles C. Eggleston. He tau^t in Kentucky — diaracteristically ad- vocating anti-slavery views at that perilous time. (As a nephew of Thomas Morris, U. S. senator from Ohio, who as early as 1832 was a fearless aboli- tionist, this was quite natural.) He came to Montrose, Iowa, in 1847. Two years later he went to Fort Madison, his home until his death. In 1860 he was elected mayor of Fort Madison. The same year he was elected prose- cuting attorney. In 1867 he was elected to the Iowa Supreme bench and re-elected three times, serving continuously twenty-four years — " the peer of any member of the bench, old or new."
" He was always a leader in the affairs of his state, devotedly attadied to the party and churdi of his choice, to educati<m and everything tending to the upbuilding of our commonwealth. As a lawyer he was fearless in all he imdertodc, safe and discreet in counsel, honorable and gentlemanly at the trial table, an admitted power in every stage of a prosecution, or defense. He was an able judge, of spotless integrity, most industrious and faithful to the highest trusts, laboring with a fidelity seldom equalled, to know and de- clare the law, utterly regardless of who might be helped, or injured, pleased, or offended. He believed that men should live honestly and soberly, so to work as to insure integrity, morality, temperance and all that tends to make us better citizens. He was naturally and logically apt to solve every issue in favor of all that led this way " ..." in such matters his mind was a very Gibraltar of ccmviction, a constant menace to evil doing and all viola- tion of law."
During these twenty-four years the procedure of courts, questions con- cerning land grants to settlers, railways, etc. ; constitutional questions, for example the ri^t of the people to tax and govern themselveB— these, and other matters of vital importance, were adjudicated. Laws as to property rights, domestic relations, common carriers, protection of life and property, etc, were made and interpreted. By inclination and necessity Judge Beck became an authority on these subjects. His work appears in 88 vols, of Iowa Beports — his opinions as justice in 62 of these volumes.
He had few superiors as a conversationalist, for he had great mental
None.— The above aketoh, oondenaed from VoL 89, Iowa Reports, ■irtrnenciii by Sena- tor and ex-Chief Jivtioe Gwoiie Q. Wright and ex-Chief Juslioe Kobuuon, if % part of the reoordi of the Supreme Couri.
'/?7^^^yk^
OF IOWA 17
poiwer^ a fine meoDiory, knew hiatory and literature, appreciated the beet in the arts, had been an obeerrant traveller and was in sympathy with current affaire. " Aa trustee of the State library during his long term he was largely instrumental in building it up in law, literature and all departments." A marked characteristic was his devotion to his children, to his beloved wife — a woman of rare charm, culture and spiritualily — and to his home, where he died May 30th, 1903.
BYRON A. BEESON was bom in Columbiana County, Ohio, Febru- ary 26, 1838. His education was obtained in the public schools, and in 1854 he removed to Iowa, locating on a farm in Marshall County. When the Civil War began he enlisted in a company raised by William P. Hep- burn which became a part of the Second Iowa Cavalry. Mr. Beeson served in that famous regiment three years and then reSnlisted as a veteran in 1864 and was promoted to first lieutenant of Company B, serving to the close of the war. He was elected treasurer of Marshall Coimty, serv- ing until 1882. In July, 1878, he was commissioned adjutant in the Iowa National Guards and was repeatedly promoted holding the position of captain, lieutenant-colonel, colonel and Brigadier-Greneral. In 1889 he was appointed Adjutant-General of the State, and in 1890 he was elected on the Bepublican ticket. State Treasurer, serving four years. In 1897 he was appointed quartermaster of the Iowa Soldiers' Home at Marshalltown where he served until 1903, when he was appointed Treasurer of the National Soldiers' Home at Norfolk, Virginia.
WILLIAM W. BELKNAP was bom in Newburg, New York, in 1829. He graduated at Princeton College in 1848, studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1861. He came to Iowa in 1863, locating at Keokuk where he entered upon the practice of law in partnership with Ralph P. Lowe, afterwards Governor of the State. He was elected to the House of the Seventh General Assembly in 1867 on the Democratic ticket. When the War of the Rebellion began he was commissioned major of the Fif- teenth Iowa Infantry. He was in command of the regiment at the Battle of Corinth and was soon after placed on the staff of General McPherson. After the Battle of Atlanta he was promoted to Brigadier-General and at the dose of the war was brevetted Major-General. He was offered a com- mission in the regular army but preferred to return to civil life. General Belknap had become a Republican, supporting Lincoln for President in 1864 and in 1866 was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the First District. When General Grant became President, General Belknap was invited into his Cabinet as Secretary of War, where he served seven years, resigning in March, 1876. Charges of official misconduct had been preferred against him by the House of Representatives in a time of great political bitterness, but in the trial by the Senate he was acquitted. Judge
[Vol. 4]
18 mSTOBY
George G. Wright, who WM a member of the Senate from Iowa, pro- nonneed his aeqvittal just and hie opinion was heartily indmraed by the people of Iowa who never lost confidence in the gallant offieer. General Belknap died at Washington, October 13, 1890, and was buried in the National Cemetery at Arlington. Hugh J., a 8<»i of General Belknap, became a member of Congress from Chicago.
GEORGE W. BEMIS was born in Spencer, Massachusetts, on the 13th of October 1826. His father removed with his family to Genesee County, New York, in 1837, where George, who was the only son, remained on his father's farm until the age of twenty-one. He received a good education and taught school for several years. In 1864 he came to Iowa, taking up his residence at Independence, Buchanan County, which became his per- manent home. Mr. Bemis served several years as county surveyor. In 1869 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the House of the Eighth General Assembly, serving through the regular and extra sessions. He was for seven years in the postal service. In 1871 he was elected to the State Senate, serving four years. He was for many years Commissioner of the Hospital for the Insane at Independence of which he was treas- urer. In 1876 he was elected State Treasurer on the Republican ticket and at the expiration of the term was reelected, serving four years. The State has never had a more competent and faithful public official than George W. Bemis.
NARCISSA T. BEMIS was born in Alabama, Genesee County, New York, May 8, 1829. She came to Iowa and on the 11th of April, 1866, mar- ried George W. Bemis, who became a prominent public official of the State. Their home was at Independence, in Budianan County. During the Civil War Mrs. Bemis was one of the most efficient and devoted work- ers on the Sanitary Commission and untiring in her labor to aid the sol- diers in camp, hospital and field. She was an active worker in the Chil- drenli Aid Soeiely, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and many other good works. BIrs. Bemis was especially interested in the Political Equality Club and was a life-long worker for the enfranchisement of women, giving her time, work and means liberally for the advancement of this cause before the State Legislatures. She was a valued worker in the Iowa Unitarian Association. She died on the 9th of August, 1899.
THOMAS H. BENTON, JR., was a nephew of the great Missouri statesman whose name he bore. He was bom in Williamson County, Ten- nessee, on the 6th of September, 1816. His education was acquired at Huntington Academy and he graduated from Marion College, Missouri In 1839 he located at Dubuque, Iowa, where he taught school and after- wards became a merchant. In 1846 he was elected to the Senate of the
OP IOWA 19
First (General Assembly, two years later elected on the Democratic ticket Superintendent of Public Instruction and was reelected, serving six years. Mr. Benton became a resident of Council Bluffs and was chosen Secre- tary of the State Board of Education in 1858, serving four years. In 1862 he was appointed colonel of the Twenty-ninth Iowa Volunteer In- fantry, served during the war and in 1865 was brevetted Brigadier-€^- eral. In 1865 he was the Democratic and anti-negro suffrage candidate for Gk>vemor but was defeated. In 1866 he became a supporter of President Johnson after the latter left the Republican party and in August was appointed by the President Assessor of Internal Revenue in place of the Republican incumbent removed. He died in St. Louis on the 10th of April, 1879.
WILLIAM H. BBRRY was bom in Cass County, Illinois, October 23, 1849. Coming to Iowa in 1867, he located in Warren County, completing his education at Simpson College, Indianola, from which he graduated in 1872. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1873, entering into partnership with Judge J. H. Henderson, remaining a member of the firm until 1885. Mr. Berry has for a long time been one of the influential trustees of Simpson Collie. He is an active Republican and in 1895 was elected to the State Senate from the district composed of the counties of Clarke and Warren, serving in the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Gen- eral Assemblies. He took a prominoit part in codifying the laws of the State and was one of the leading advocates of the law providing for the collateral inheritance tax. In the Twenty-seventh General Assembly Sen- atM* Berry was an active promoter of the legislation which established the State Board of ControL
JAMES G. BERRTHILL was bom in Iowa City on the 5th of Novem- ber, 1852. His father, Charles H. Berryhill, became a resident of John- son Coimty in 1838, before Iowa City had an existence, Iowa Territory having been organised that year. The son attended the public sdiools and took the collegiate course in the State University, graduating in 1873. He then entered the Law Department from which he graduated in 1876. Removing to Des Moines in 1877, Mr. Berryhill engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1886 Mr. Berryhill was elected a Representative in the Twenty-first General Assembly, and became diairman of the com- mittee on appropriations in which position he did excellent servioe. He was re§lected at the elose of his term and in the Twenty-seventh General Assembly organised and led the movement whidi resulted in the enact- ment of laws exereisiag eontrol over railroad c<»porations in the interest of the people. A full aeowmt of this legislation will be found in Volume III of tills history. Mr. Berryhill is a man of affairs, having large bosiness enterprises under his management. In polities he is an aetive Repnbli*
20 mSTOBY
can and at one time was strongly supported for Representative in Con- gress, in the Seventh District.
CHARLES E. BESSEY was bom at Milton, Ohio, May 21, 1845. His education was obtained in the public schools, Seville and Canaan Acade- mies in Ohio, Michigan Agricultural College and Harvard University. He has received the degrees of B. Sc., Ph.D., LL. D. He taught school from 1863 to 1869 and in 1870 was appointed instructor in Botany and Horti- culture in the Iowa Agricultural College, in 1872 he was promoted to profes- sor of the two departments, and from 1873 to 1880 was professor of Botany and Zodlogy. From 1880 to 1884 the chair of Botany occupied his entire time, save in 1882 when he was acting president of the college during the absence of President Welch. In 1884 he was elected to the chairs of Botany and Horticulture in the University of Nebraska and removed to that State. During Professor Bessey's term of service in the Iowa Agricultural College he aided in giving form to the general work of the institution, and assisted in formulating the plan and purpose of the Agricultural Experi- mental Stations established by act of Congress. He helped to draft the section of the law defining the work of the stations. In 1876 he began to advocate the laboratory method in the study of Botany, soon beginning its practice which has since been adopted in all colleges. The botanical laboratory at the Iowa Agricultural College was the second in the country, Harvard only preceding it. In Nebraska, Professor 'Bessey has success- fully advocated the setting aside of two forest reserves in the sandhill region of the State, which were established by proclamation of the Presi- dent of the United States early in 1902. Professor Bessey has occupied the chair of Botany in the University of Nebraska since 1891. He is the author of Bessey's Botany, widely used throughout the country as a text book in high schools and colleges.
SAMUEL L. BESTOW was bom in Erie County, New York, on the 8th of March, 1823, and in boyhood attended the schools of that county later receiving instruction at Professor Dewey's Academy in Rochester. He was reared on a farm and followed that business for many years in New York but for a time was engaged in manufacturing. He served as superintendent of public schools and county supervisor before leaving that State. In 1870 he removed to Iowa, making his home on a new farm in Lucas County. At the beginning of the Civil War he volunteered but was rejected by the examining surgeon because of physical disability. In the early years of the slavery agitation he was a member of the Re- publican party but of late has become a prominent Democrat. In 1876 he was nominated by the Democrats of the Sixth District for State Senator, (to represent the counties of Lucas and Clarke and was elected for four years, serving in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth General Assemblies. He
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OF IOWA 21
was the author of the resolutioos passed by the latter providing for an investigation of the affairs and management of the Fort Madison Peniten- tiary and was made a member of the commission. In 1891 he was nom- inated by the Democratic State Convention for Lieutenant-Gk>vemor on the ticket with Governor Boies and was elected over Qeorge Van Houten, the Bepublican candidate, by a plurality of 3,098, being th^ only Democrat ever elected to that office in Iowa.
BENJAMIN P.. BIBDSALL was bom at Weyamwega, Wisconsin, Oc- tober 26, 1858. Coming to Iowa in 1870, he located at Alden, in Hardin County. He was educated in the public schools of Wisconsin and Iowa and the State University. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1878 and was a successful practitioner until 1893 when he was elected judge of the Eleventh Judicial District, serving five years. In 1S98 he was reelected, but resigned after two years, returning to the practice of law. In 1902 he was elected Representative in Congress for the Third District to succeed Hon. David B. Henderson.
CHARLES A. BISHOP was bom at Eagle, Waukesha County, Wiscon- «in. May 22, 1854. He was educated in the district schools, applying himself to the more advanced studies at home. He read law while work- ing on the farm and teaching school winters; was admitted to the bar in 1875. The following year he removed to La Port City, Iowa, where he be- gan the practice of law. Removing to Des Moines, he entered the office of Baker and Kavanaugh; he served as assistant Attomey-Qeneral for several years. In 1889 he was appointed judge of the District Court, and in 1897 was again appointed to the same position. In the following year he was elected to a full term. In 1902 Judge Bishop was appointed by Governor Cummins Judge of the Supreme Court to fill a vacancy, and at the following election was chosen for a full term.
FREDERICK E. BISSELL, a pioneer teacher and lawyer of Iowa, was bom in St. Lawrence County, New York, December 8, 1819. He was educa- ted in the common schools and at Potsdam Academy. Coming to Iowa in 1845, while it was a Territory, he located at Dubuque, then a frontier town. He there taught school two years and then studied law with James Craw- ford, afterwards becoming his partner. During his practice he was the partner of Timothy Davis and Lincoln Clark, both of whom represented the Second District in Congress. He was later a law partner of Judge Shiras, Judge of the United States District Court of Northern Iowa. He was for many years a member of the Dubuque Board of Education and also of the city council. He was at one time president of the Dubuque, St. Paul and St. Peter Railway Company, and was later a member of the Dubuque Improvement Company. In January, 1866, he was appointed by
22 HISTOBY
Governor Stone, Attorney-General of Iowa, to fill a vacancy, and at the following general election was diosen for a full term on the Rqpmhlican ticket. He was called upon during his first term to give an opinion to the Board of Trustees of the State College of Agriculture, as to whether the lands granted by Congress for the support of that institution, were taxable. He decided that they were not, and under his decision the trua^ tees were able to lease them for a term of years and thus derive a revenue that enabled them to open the college many years before it could otherwise have been supported. He died at Dubuque June 12, 1867, before the ex- piration of his term.
LUCIAN C. BLANCHAKD is a native of Diana, Lewis County, New York, where he was bom April 16, 1889. Not satisfied with the meager education obtainable in the district sdiool of that period, he attended Carthage Academy, coming west in 1858. He entered Rode River Semi- nary at Mount Morris, Illinois, teaching school a portion of the time. Coming to Iowa, at Newton he taught school and studied law. When the Civil War came he enlisted in Company K, Twenty-eighth Iowa Volun- teers and partidpated in the battles of Port Gibson, Champion's Hill and the siege of Vidcsburg. In 1884 he entered the Law Department of the University of Michigan from whidi he graduated in 1866. He began the practice of law at Montezuma and soon after was elected county judge of Poweshiek, serving in that position until 1868 when he was diosen Circuit Judge of the Sixth Judidal District, filling the position for twdve years. In 1890 Judge Blanchard was chosen senior vice-comomander of the Grand Army of the Republic. In 1893 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the Legislature for Mahaska County, and in 1895 was elected Senator, serving in the Twenty-sixth, Twenty^seventh, Twenty* eighth and Twenty-ninth General Assemblies. With the assistance of Judge Wilson he prepared the Masonic Digest published by the Grand Lodge.
AMELIA JENKS BLOOMER was horn in Cortland County, New York, May 27, 1818. Her education was obtained in the common schools and at the age of seventeen she began to teach at Clyde. Mrs. Bloomer was one of the pioneers in the movement to scRmre increased rights and privi- leges for women and was assodated with Susan B. Anthony, Elisabeth C. Stanton and Abby Kelley in the inauguration of the Woman Suffrage movement. . In 1849 Mrs. Bloomer established a paper which was the special advocate of temperance and woman suffrage. She was an ac- complished writer and an able public speaker and for many years lec- tured upon the two reforms. In 1861 a friend, Elisabeth Smith Miller, a daughter of Gerrit Smith, invented a new style of costume consisting of a skirt reaching a little below the knees with wide Turkish trousers gath-
^ /U> j J/(~ci^>^a^ ^l^yoL
N
MRS. AMELIA JEN'KS ULOOMER
OF IOWA 23
ered at the ankle. Elisabeth C. Stanton was the second woman to ap- pear in the new style of dress, and Mrs. Bloomer was the third. Bfrs. Bloomer began to advocate the dress reform in her paper and the public obtained the impression that she was the originator of the new oostome and it became known as the " Bloomer dress.^ The notorietj of the ** Bloomer Ck>stume " broagfat to her paper thoosands of new subscribers and greatly enlarged her constituency to whom she urged the reforms in which she was deeply interested and she soon acquired national fame. In 1855 Mr. and Mrs. Bloomer removed to Iowa, settling at Council Bluffs, where Mrs. Bloomer continued to advocate woman suffrage and prohibition as a lecturer. In October, 1871, she was chosen president of the Iowa Woman's Suffrage Association at its second annual session. Mrs. Bloomer died at Council Bluffs on the 8ath of December, 1894.
DEXTER C. BLOOMER was bom at Aurora, New York, on the 4th of July, 1810. He studied law and was admitted to the bar but soon after entered upon journalism, serving as an editor both in New York and Oido, In 1856 he moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he practiced law. He was elected mayor of the city and for several years Receiver of the United States Land Office. He was one of the promoters of the public library of that city and for many years one of the trustees. He was a frequent contributor to historical publications, and in 1895 wrote and published the "Life and Times of Amelia Bloomer," his wife, who was a noted reformer in New York and Iowa. He was also the author of a "History of Pottawattamie Coimty." Mr. Bloomer died on the 24th of February, 1900.
NORMAN BOARDMAN was bom at Morristown, Vermont, April 30, 1813. During boyhood he worked on his father's farm, attending district school in the winter. He earned his way through Johnstown Academy before he was twenty-one years of age, studied law and was admitted to the bar and in 1863 came to Iowa, locating at Lyons, in Clinton County. Here he engaged in the real estate business with great success. In the spring of 1854 he, in company with three associates, laid out a town in Mitchell County which they named Osage in honor of Dr. Oren Sage. In early life Mr. Boardman was a Democrat but upon the organization fd the Republican party he united with it. In 1861 he was nominated by the Republicans for the State Senate and was elected by a large majority. He became an influential member of the Senate, was made chairman of the committee on schools, was a member of the committee of ways and means and the author of some of the most important legislation lor the pro- tection and safe keeping of the school funds of the State. He was a firm friend of the State University and Agricultural College. In 1869 Mr. Boardman was appointed by President Grant to the office of Collectar of
24 mSTOBY
Lntenial Bevenue for the Second Distriot. During his term he diaoorered secret and fraudulent methods practiced by distillers to cheat the Gk>y- emment which led to the exposure of the gigantic whiskej frauds of 1874. In 1886 Mr. Boardman first suggested a reunion of the pioneer lawmakers of the State at Des Moines, resulting in the organization of the '* Pioneer Lawmakers' Association/' which holds biennial sessions devoted largely to the collection and preservation of the early history of the State. Mr. Boardman died at his home in Lyons on the 30th of April, 1894.
HORACE BOIES, thirteenth Governor of Iowa, was born on a farm in Erie Ck>unty, New York, <m the 7th of December, 1827. He received but a common school education and when sixteen years of age removed to Wisconsin and worked some time on a farm; returning to his old home he decided to study law. He opened an office in Hamburg, near Buffalo, and practiced there some years. In 1866 he was elected to the New York Legislature on the Republican ticket, serving but one session. He after- wards removed to Buffalo where he practiced law tmtil 1856 when he came west and located at Waterloo. In 1880 Mr. Boies left the Repub- lican party on the ground of its adopUcm of the policy of a protective tariff and the prohibition of the liquor traffic. Becoming a Democrat in 1880 he was nominated by that party for Oovemor. After a vigorous cam- paign in which Mr. Boies made powerful assaults upon the prohibitory liquor law, advocating license, he was elected by a plurality of 6,673 in a vote of 360,623. In 1891 he was renominated and reelected upon the same issue, receiving the votes of several thousand license Republicans. At the dose of his second term he was again a candidate but the Repub- lican party having abandoned prohibition and declared for a law permitting the establishment of saloons upon petition of a majority of the voters of cities, the saloon Republicans returned to the party and defeated Gover- nor Boies by a plurality of 32,161. In 1896 Governor Boies was a candi- date before the Democratic National Convention for President and upon one ballot received a very complimentary vote. During his four years' administration as Governor he used his influence to secure the repeal of the prohibitory liquor law but was unable to accomplish it.
LEMUEL R. BOLTER was born in Richland County, Ohio, July 27, 1834. He received a college education and taught for a short time. In 1862 he made the overland trip to California, remaining there two years. He returned to the States in 1864, taught in Midiigan and studied law. Mr. Bolter became a resident of Iowa in 1863, locating on a farm in Harrison County. In 1866 he was admitted to the bar and the same year was elected Representative in the House of the Eleventh General As- sembly. He was a member of the House in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Nine- teenth and Twentieth General Assemblies and a member of the Senate
OF IOWA 26
ia the Twenty-flrst, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, Twenty- seventh and Twenty-eighth General Assemblies. He enjoyed the distinction of having served more terms in the Iowa Legislature than any other dtiaen, having been a member twenty-two years in the aggregate. Mr. Bolter was nominated by the Democrats of the Eighth District for Con- gress in 1876 but was defeated. He was a life-long Democrat and one of the leaders of his party in the State for a quarter of a century. He died on the 20th of April, 1901.'
NATHAN BOONE, the famous pioneer of Iowa in whose honor Boone River, Boonesboro, Boone and Booneville were named, was a son of the noted Indian fighter of Kentucky, Colonel Daniel Boone. He was bom in Kentucky in 1782 and lived with his father until he reached manhood when he removed to Missouri. In March, 1812, he was commissioned cap- tain in a regiment of moimted "Rangers," raised to protect the frontier against the British and their Indian allies. He was promoted to major of the regiment in 1813 and served to the close of the war. He served in the Black Hawk War under Major Henry Dodge and at its dose became ci^ tain of a company of United States Dragoons. While stationed at old Fort Des Moines Captain Boone was sent in command of an exploring expedition up the Des Moines valley and from thence eastward. Lieuten- ant Albert M. Lea was under his command and wrote an acooimt of the conntiy through which they passed. They named the Boone River and Lieu- tenant Lea had his description of the region published in which it was called the ** Iowa District." This is believed to have been the first time that the name of "Iowa" was given to the country which became the Territory and later the State of Iowa. Captain Boone served on the Indian fron- tier and in the War with Mexico and became Lieutenant of the Second United States Dragoons. He died in 1857.
CALEB H. BOOTH, one of the pioneers of Dubuque, was bom in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, on the 25th of December, 1814. At the age of seventeen he began to study law and was admitted to the bar in 1830. In July of that year he came west and located in the frontier village of Dubuque, then in Michigan Territory, of which he was the first mayor. In 1841 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Iowa Territory. In 1849 he was appointed Surveyor General for Iowa, Wisconsin and Minne- sota. In 1867 he was chosen treasurer of the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- road Company in which he was largely interested. He built the first flouring mill in Dubuque in 1848 and was extensively engaged in lead min- ing. As one of the Iowa State Bank Commissioners he helped to establish the branches. In 1872 he was elected to the State Legislature. He died at his home in Dubuque on the 19th of June, 1898, after a residence in the city of sixty-two years.
26 HISTORY
EDMUND BOOTH, pioneer JoumAlist, came to the Territory of Iowa in 1839, locating in Jones County, where he built the first frame house. It was he who gave to his home town the beautiful Indian name, Ana- mosa, which signifies " White Fawn," and belonged to a bright Indian girl of that section of the country. Mr. Booth was bom in Springfield, Massa- chusetts, August 24, 1810. At the age of four he lost his hearing throu^ illness and was educated at the American School for the Deaf at Hart- ford, Ck>nnecticut> where he served several years as a teacher. He re- ceived no college education, but the honorary degree of A.M. has been conferred upon him by the Oallaudet College of the Deaf at Washington, D. C. In 1866 Mr. Booth became editor of the Anamosa Eureka which was a radical antislavery journal and one of the most ably conducted ia the State. When the Republican party was organized the Eureka became an advocate of its principles. Mr. Booth was the originator of the move- ment to seoure the educati<m of the deaf children of Iowa at Jacksonville, Illinois, before our State provided an institution for their accommoda^ tion. He was chairman of the National Convention of Deaf Mutes at Cincinnati in 1880. During all of the years that Mr. Booth has lived in Iowa he has been a positive force in the community and in the field of journalism has been an influential factor in politics.
DANIEL H. BOWEN was bom in Decatur, Wisconsin, September 6, 1860. He was reared cm a farm and received a liberal education, teadiing sehool for several years. At twentj-twe years of age he began the study of medicine in Broadhead, Wisconsin, and soon after entered Rush Medi- cal College from which he graduated in the class of 1876. He removed to Iowa, locating at Waukon in Allamakee County, where he has practiced medicine for more than twenty-five years. He was an active Republican and in 1896 was elected Representative in the House of the Twenty-sixth General Assembly, and has been twice reelected, serving in the Twenty- seventh and Twenty-eighth General Assemblies. He was chosen speaker of the House of the latter session, hsFing been selected by the supporters of Senator John H. Gear. For seven years Dr. Bowen was a surgeon of the Fourth Regiment of the Iowa National Guard and has held many official positions in his home aty and county.
THOMAS BOWMAN was bom at Wiscasset, Lincoln County, Maine, May 26, 1848. He came to Iowa in 1868, making his home at Council Bhiifs, where he engaged in eommerdal business. In 1876 he was elected treasurer of Pottawattamie Oounty and was twice reelected, serving six years. He %as chosen mayor of Council BlufTs in 1882 and in 1886 was appointed postmaster, serving until 1889. In 1888 he acquired a control- ling interest in the Council BlwffB Qlohe, a Democratic daily of which he assumed the editorial management. He was nominated by the Democrats
OF IOWA 27
of the Ninth Diatriet for representative in Congress in 1890 and was elected over Judge J. R. Heed, the Republican candidate, bj a plurality of 1,286. He was not a candidate for reflection, serving but one term.
PHILIP B. BRADLEY was bom in Ridgefteld, Connecticut, January 5, 1809. He was a graduate of Union College, New York, and studied law. In 1834 he located at Galena, Illinois, in 1836, was appointed Prosecuting Attorney and a year later, postmaster of Galena. In 1839 he removed to Iowa, making his h(«ie in Jackson County, where he became Clerk of the District Court in 1843. In 1845 he was elected a member of the Council of the Legislative Assembly. The following year Iowa became a State and Mr. Bradley was largely instrumental in securing the nomin- ation of his friend and neighbor Ansel Briggs for Governor, by the Demo- eratic State Convention. Mr. Bradley was at the same time elected to the State Senate from Jones and Jackson counties. He was the trusted adviser of Governor Briggs during his four years' term. Mr. Bradley was Secretary of the Senate in 1850 and again in 1852. He was chairman of the Iowa delegation in the National Democratic Convention in 1852 which nominated Franklin Pierce for President. In 1858 he was a mem- ber of the House of the Seventh General Assembly and again in 1877 he served a term. For more than thirty years he was one of the trusted leaders of his party and through his long legislative career helped to shape the laws of the Territory and State. He died at his home in An- drew, March 27, 1890.
JOHN M. BRAINARD was bom at Blairsville, Pennsylvania,, on the 30th of March, 1836. He was educated in the common schools. Elders- ridge Academy and at Beloit College, Wisconsin. In 1856 he came to Iowa, locating at Charles City where he engaged in school teaching. F6r the two following years he taught at Mason C^ty and Clear Lake in Cerro Gordo County. In the spring of 1860, he founded the Clear Lake Inde- pendent in company with Silan Noyes and entered upon his career as a journalist which he followed in Iowa for forty-two years. In 1868-9 he was the editor of the Cotmoil BVuffs Daily Nonpareil, In 1879 he be- came the editor and publisher of the Boone Standard, conducting that journal until 1902. Mr. Brainard was an accomplished writer, but found time during his busy life to serve as superintendent of schools in Cerro Gordo County, derk of the court in Story, member of the city council and postmaster in Boone. In 1860-61 he was a monber of the State Board of Education when that body had entire legislative control of the sdiool system of the State. He was one of the promoters of the railroad from Boone to Des Moines in company with L. W. Reynolds, which was built in 1880-81. He seenred the employment ol the late Colonel George E. Waring by the dty of Boone to plan and direct the construction of its
28 HISTORY
twenty-five miles of sewers. He has taken a deep interest in the schools of that €ity, serving on the board, and is secretary of the Ericson Free Public library.
NATHAN H. BRAINARD, pioneer journalist, was bom in Bridge- water, New Hampshire, January 11, 1818. After acquiring an elementary education he was employed in an ax factory. He came to Iowa in 1856, taking up his residence at Iowa City. In 1861 he was appointed military secretary to Governor Kirkwood. He purchased the /otoo City RepuhU' can in 1863 which he conducted until 1874. He was an able and inde- pendent editor and was a trusted and confidential friend and adviser of Governor Kirkwood. He died in Iowa City, July 31, 1901.
ISAAC BRANDT was born near Lancaster, Ohio, April 7, 1827. He was reared on a farm, receiving only a common school education. He came to Iowa in 1866, locating in Des Moines, where for several years he waa engaged in selling dry goods. During antislavery days he was a friend of John Brown and co5perated with him in aiding slaves to freedom by the ''underground railroad." In 1867 Mr. Brandt was appointed deputy State Treasurer, serving six years. In 1873 he was elected a Repre- sentative in the House of the Fifteenth General Assembly, serving on the committees of ways and means and cities and towns. In 1883 he was appointed by the President one of the commissioners to inspect fifty miles of the North Pacific Railroad, and was chairman of the commis- sion. In 1890 Mr. Brandt was appointed postmaster of Des Moines and during his term of four years introduced many reforms in the service. For more than thirty years he has been one of the influential working members of the Republican party, exercising large influence in State and eongressional conventions. It was through his untiring personal efforts that the permanent State Fair grounds were secured in Des Moines. He has long been an officer of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Aseooiation.
JOHN BRENNAN, a notable Irish-American orator, rose from a lowly position to a national reputation. He was bom at Elphin, county of Roscommon in Ireland, on the 14th of July, 1845, and was educated in the sdiools of his native town. While a boy he imbibed a strong aver- sion to the English Government for the wrongs it had inflicted upon his countrymen and, seeing no hope for escape from oppression, he de- termined to emigrate to America where he arrived in 1865, without money or friends and was employed as a railroad grader, teamster, porter and farm hand, for the first four years, and while thus earning a living he determined to study law. In 1867 he was employed by A. J. Poppleton, a prominent lawyer of Omaha, and found time evenings to begin his studies. He persevered until he was admitted to the bar and entering
OF IOWA 29
upon the practice he soon developed a remarkable power as advocate be- fore a jury and was on the way to great sucoess in the profession when he became afflicted with deafness to a degree that rendered it necessary for him to seek some other occupation. In 1869 he became a writer on the Siouw City Timet, where he was employed five years. He became a member of the dty council and was chosen city attorney where he de- veloped wonderful eloquence as a public speaker. He took a deep interest in public affairs and was one of the most effective stump speakers in the State. Mr. Brennan never forgot the wrongs of his native land at the hands of the English oppressors and no one could recount them with more fervid eloquence. His fame had become national and, in 1884, when James O. Blaine was the Republican candidate for President, John Bren- nan received an invitation from " the plumed knight " to accompany him on his remarkable speaking campaign through the east. During the agi- tation in America in behalf of Home Rule in Ireland Mr. Brennan was closely allied with Patrick Egan and John P. Finnerty, taking a conspicu- ous part in the national gatherings of the Irish leaders. He was a de- vout Catholic and during the later years of his life, gave most of his time to editorial work on The Northwestern CathoUo, published at Siooz City. He died suddenly on the 6th of October, 1900.
ANSEL BRIGGS, first Governor of the State of Iowa, was bom in Vermont on the 3d of February, 1806. He attended the common schools when a bcyy with but one term at an academy. In 1830 his father re- moved with his family to Cambridge, Ohio, where the son established various stage lines. In 1836 he came to Iowa, locating at Andrew in Jackson County, where he established several stage routes and took con- tracts for carrying the mails. He had been a Whig in early life but after coming to Iowa became a Democrat. In 1842 he was elected to rep- resent Jackson County in the Territorial Legislature. He was chosen sheriff of the county at a later period. At the Democratic State Conven- tion held at Iowa City on the 24th of September, 1846, there were three candidates for Grovemor, Ansel Briggs, Jesse Williams and William Thomp- son. On the first ballot the vote stood sixty-two for Briggs, thirty-two for Williams and thirty-one for Thompson. The other candidates then with- drew and Briggs was nominated by acclamation. At the election he was chosen over the Whig candidate, Thomas McKnight, by the small major- ity of two hundred forty-seven. His political adviser was Philip B. Brad- ley a shrewd politician who had successfully conducted his campaign. Governor Briggs served his term of four years in a quiet manner in har- mony with his party, retiring to private life at its close with many warm friendships. In 1870 Governor Briggs removed to Council Bluffs and the last six years of his life were spent with his son« John S., in Omaha, Nebraska, where he died on the 6th of May, 1881. Governor Gear issued
30 HISTOBY
a proclamation reciting hiB lenriceB as the ftnt Qovemor of the State aad the national flag was floated at half-mast from the State House on the day of his funeral.
JOHNSON BRIGHAM was bom at Cherry Valley, New York, in 184C His early education was acquired in the public sdiools of Elmira aai Watkins, while later he attended Hamilton College and Cornell Uniyersitf . When the Civil War began Mr. Brigham enlisted in the One Hundred Fifty-third New York Volunteers, but was rejected by reason of being under age. He then applied for a position in the service of the United States Sanitary Commission, was accepted, remaining in Washington for a year. He was promoted to chief clerk, first assistant in the central office at the National Capital for services rendered during and following the exchange of prisoners near Savannah in the autumn of 1864. Nine yeara later he was appointed canal collector at Brockport, New York. In 1881 Mr. Brigham came to Iowa, locating at Cedar Rapids where for twdvie years he was editor-in-chief of the Daily RepuhUoan. While there he served as chairman of the Fifth District Congressional Committee and is 180iS was president of the R^ublican League of Iowa and prominently mentioned for Congress. Later he was appointed United States Consul to Aix la Chapelle, which position he resigned and, coming to Des Moines, founded the Midkind M<mtMy, a periodical devoted to the devdopment oi the literary interests of the middle west. In 1899 he was appointed State Librarian by Governor Shaw, and sold his magazine which was moved to St. Louis. He has been chosen president of the State Library Commis- sion. Mr. Brigham is a man of wide culture and unusual literary ability. Articles from his pen are sought by sudi periodicals as the Century Maga^ mne, Youth's Companion, Chautauquan, Forum, Ref^iew of BeviewSf In* temationdl Monthly, Library Journal, as well as the Annals of Iovm and the Iowa Journal of History and PoUiios.
AARON BROWN was a native of Mississippi, where he was bom in 1822. Detesting human slavery he came nortii and settled in Fayette County, Iowa. He was one of the pioneers in organizing the movement against the extension of slavery in the new Territories which resulted in the establishment of the Republican party. In the fall of 1856 he was nominated for State Senator by the Republicans of the Third District com- posed of the counties of Fkyette, Bremer, Butler, Franklin, Grundy, Har« din, Wright, Webster, Boone, Story, Greene and Humboldt and made a vigorous canvass of that large, sparsely settled territory, traveling on horseback, then the only mode of conveyance practicable, and holding meetings in rude log cabins. He was elected and served four jrears with marked ability. When the Civil War began he was commissioned first lieutenant of Company A, Third Volunteer Infantry. He was soon pro-
JO;iN90N BRIQHAM,
OF IOWA 31
Bioted to captain and when Major W. M. Stone resigned Oaptain Brown aucoeeded to that rank. He was in the battles of Shiloh and Corinth, Hatchie and Jaekaon. In Lauman'a ditaitroua charge at Jackson^ Colo? nel Brown was wounded. In July» 1864, he resigned his commission and returned home. In 1870 he was elected Register of the State Land Office, serring four years.
JOHN L. BROWN was bom in Essex County, New Jersey, October 31, 1838. He first came to Iowa in 1866 but returned to Indiana where his father had located and attended and taught school. When the Ciyil War began, he enlisted in Company A, Seventeenth Indiana V<dunteers, and at the Battle of Resaca received a gunshot wound which cauaed the amputation of his arm. Upon the close of the war he attended a Metho« dist Academy at Danville, and in 1870 moved to Chariton in Lucas Comity, Iowa, which became his permanent home. He has held many offloea in the county, serving seven years as auditor, and resigning to become Auditor of State in 1888. He inaugurated many reforms in the insurance depart- ment which arrayed against him powerful corporations which sought to have him impeached for official misconduct. After a lengthy trial he was acquitted of all serious charges and a subsequent General Assembly reimbursed him for expenses incurred in the trial. The reforms which he accomplished placed the insurance companies of the State on a sound basis requiring them to make good impaired capital. Upon the retire- ment of Mr. Brown from official life he returned to Chariton and pur- chased the Herald, of which he became the editor and publisher.
TIMOTHY BROWN is an attorney who has practiced law in Mar- shalltown for a period of nearly fifty years. He was bom in Otsego County, New York, December 27, 1827. Mr. Brown was reared on a farm, acquiring his education in the district schools with two years at an acad- emy and read law before coming to Iowa in 1855. He first stopped at Toledo, but soon changed his residence to Marshalltown. He is a lawyer of ability and aside from practice has found time to compile and publish a standard work on "Jurisdiction of Courts." He has literary and scien- tific tastes, is a thorough believer in evolution as taught by Huxley, Dar- win and Spencer, holding that man is a part of created life, simply higher in development than other animal life. He is the author of a volume called " Biogeny " setting forth his ideas of animate nature. He is inde- pendent in poUtios and opposed to the recMit policy of wars of conquest hf oor RepnbUe. He is an earnest advocate of compulsory education and the establishmeni of pablie libraries.
•
JESSE B. BROWNE, one of the earliest lawmakers of Iowa, was bora in Christian Coonty, Kentucky, early in the Nineteenth Century.
32 mSTOBY
He removed to Illinois when a young man and commanded a company of Rangers in the Black Hawk War. In August 1888, he ufas appointed cap- tain in the First Dragoons in the r^ular army and was stationed at a military post at Montrose in the " Black Hawk Purchase." In 1837 Cap- tain Browne resigned his commission and settled at Fort Madison. When the Territory of Iowa was established in 1838, he was elected member of the Legislative Council on the Whig ticket and upon its organization was chosen President. He served in the Council four terms and was a mem- ber of the House of the Eighth and last Territorial Legislature. After Iowa became a State, Captain Browne was elected to the First Qeneral Assembly and was chosen Speaker of the House, serving at a regular and extra session. In 1847 he was nominated for Congress by the Whigs of the First District but was defeated in the election by William Thompson. He became a Brigadier-General of the State militia and was appointed by the President one of the visitors to West Point Military Academy. He was a man six feet seven inches tall, of commanding presence, polished man- ners and popular. He was the only Iowa legislator ever elected to preside over both branches of the General Assembly. He died in Kentucky in 18«4.
J. L. BUDD was bom near West Point, New York, in 1837. He was educated in the common schools and normal institutes and taught school several years in Hlinois. In 1868 he removed to Iowa, locating on a farm in Benton County, where he engaged in fruit tree propagation and ex- perimental work in fruit growing. In 1873 he was elected secretary of the Iowa State Horticultural Society, a position which he held for twenty years, editing the annual report of the society. In 1876 he was chosen Professor of Horticulture and Forestry in the Iowa Agricultural College serving until 1899. During this time he engaged in experimental work in the propagation of trees and plants to demonstrate which varieties were best adapted to Iowa climate and soils. He imported varieties from Europe and Asia, for many years testing them in the college grounds and reporting upon success and failure of different varieties. He was for many years horticultural editor of the Iowa State Renter and contributed to other publications. He has been engaged in preparing a Handbook of Horticulture and the American Horticultural Manual.
HENRY C. BULIS was bom in Clinton County, New York, Novem- ber 7, 1830. His father removed to Vermont and settled on a farm where Henry lived until twenty-one years of age, assisting at farm work during the summers and attending district school during tiie winter months. He taught school several terms and attended medical lectures, taking a de- gree at a medical college in Philadelphia in 1864. In October of that year he came to Iowa, locating at Deoorah, where he entered upon the
OF IOWA 33
practice of medicine. In 1858 he was elected superintendent of schools. In the fall of 1865 he was nominated by the Republicans for the State Senate and elected for four years. In that body he served as chairman of the committee on schools and State University. In 1871 he became the Republican candidate for Lieutenant-Governor and was elected, serving one term. In 1876 he was appointed a member of the Sioux Indian Com- mission for the purpose of purchasing the Black Hills reservaticm. In 1878 he was appointed a special Indian agent but resigned after nine months' service. He served in 1883 as a special agent of the Land De- partment. Mr. Bulls was a prominent candidate before the Republican Convention in 1880 for Representative in Congress in the Fourth Dis- trict but after sixty ballots withdrew in favor of J. H. Sweeney, who was nominated. He served as a regent of the State University many years and was curator of the State Historical Society, mayor and postmaster of Decorah. Dr. Bulls died at Decorah on the 7th of September, 1897.
SAMUEL S. BURDETT was bom in England, in 1835, and emigrated to America in 1866. After graduating at Oberlin College he located at De Witt in Clinton County, where he engaged in the practice of law with Judge Oraham. He was a radical Abolitionist and an active agent of the << underground railroad," a warm friend of John Brown, assisting many fugitive slaves on their way to Canada. He was a prominent Republican speaker in the Lincoln campaign of 1860. When the Rebellion began he helped raise a company for the First Iowa Cavalry, was commissioned lieutenant of Company B, and was soon promoted to captain. He was ap- pointed Provost Marshal at St. Louis and organized the plans for the arrest of Mulligan and his gang of so-called " Sons of Liberty " in Indi- ana. In 1868 he was one of the Presidential electors in Iowa, casting the vote of the State for General Grant He removed to Osceola, Missouri, where he served two terms in Congress. In 1877 he was appointed by President Hayes Commissioner of the United States Land Department at Washington, where he served eight years. In 1885 he was chosen Grand Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic.
ROBERT J. BURDETTE, journalist, lecturer and author, was bom July 30, 1844, in Greensborough, Pennsylvania. He removed to Peoria, Illinois, and when the Civil War began enlisted as a private and served until peace was established, when he returned to a position as a clerk in the Peoria post-office. He afterwards became a proofreader on the Peoria Transoript, and later night editor of the same paper. Here he began to develop a remarkable talent which attracted the attention of the news- paper fraternity and was offered a position on the Burlington Hatokeye. In a few years he gave that paper a national reputation and correspond- ing circulation outside of the State. As a humorous writer he had few
[Vol. 4]
34 mSTOEY
equals and his fame extended wherever the English language was read. He remained on the editorial staff of the Hawkeye for more than ten years, when his ever growing fame brotlght him tempting offers from the great metropolitan journals and he accepted a position on the Brooklyn Eagle, He entered the lecture field and was in great demand over the entire country, winning additional reputation. He wrote several books which had large sales, among which were "Hawkeyes," "Rise and Fall of the Mustache," " Innach Garden and Other Comic Sketches," and " Life of Wil- liam Penn."
THEODORE W. BURDICK was bom at Evansburg, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1836. He received a liberal education and came with his father to Iowa in 1853, taking up his residence at Decorah. In 1854 he was appointed deputy treasiirer of the county and later was elected recorder and treasurer, serving until 1862 when he resigned to raise a company for the Union Army. He was appointed Captain of Company D, Sixth Iowa Cavalry, where he served three years in the Department of the Northwest against the Indians. At the close of the war he returned to Decorah and became cashier of the First National Bank. In 1876 he was elected to Congress from the Third District on the Republican ticket, serv- ing but one term.
HOWARD A. BURRELL of the Washington Press has won a State- wide reputation as a journalist. Independent in action and fearless in criticism, he possesses a style peculiar to himself. He is an enthusiastic lover of nature and sees beauties in the woods, fields, animals and sky, that find poetic expressicm in words of deep appreciation. Mr. Burrell was bom in Sheffield, Ohio, January 4, 1838, was educated in the common schools and at Oberlin College. He came to Iowa in 1866, making his home at Washington, in Washington County. He first taught school, then worked on a newspaper, finding congenial occupation in the latter. He has been editor of the Washington Press long enough to rank with the veteran journalists of Iowa, and his paper is among the brightest and most widely known in the State. He is a Republican who has never sought office but has done good service for twelve years as one of the Regents of the State University.
CYRUS BUSSEY was born October 5, 1833, in Trumbull County, Ohio, and was educated at various places where his father was stationed as a Methodist minister. When eighteen years of age he began the study of medicine. In July, 1855, he removed to Iowa, locating at Bloomfleld in Davis County where he opened a store. In 1859 he was nominated by the Democrats of Davis County for State Senator and elected. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention in 1860 which met at
OP IOWA 35
Baltimore and nominated Stephen A. Douglas for President. At the extra session of the Legislature in May, 1861, called by Governor Kirk- wood to place the State on a war footing, Gyrus Bussey was among the Democrats who gave a warm support to the war measures. At the close of the session he helped raise the Third Iowa Cavalry Regiment of which he was commissioned colonel. He was a gallant officer and in 1854 was promoted to Brigadier-General. After the war he located at New Or- leans and became President of the Chamber of Commerce. In 1868 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which nominated General Grant for President. In 1880 he was again a delegate to the Re- publican Convention and was one of the famous three hundred six dele- gates who voted for Grant for a third term. In 1889 General Bussey was appointed by President Harrison Assistant Secretary of the Interior where he served until 1893. General Bussey left the Democratic party early in the Civil War and became a Republican, often taking an active part in the national campaigns as a public speaker.
WALTER H. BUTLER was bom in Springboro, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, on the 13th of February, 1852. He came to Iowa in 1876, making his home at West Union in Fayette County. In 1890 he was nominated for Representative in Congress by the Democrats of the Fourth District and was elected over J. H. Sweeney, Republican, by a plurality of 1,949. He served but one term, being defeated for reflection, in 1892.
•
EBER C. BYAM was born in Canada in 1826. He came to Iowa, locating in Linn County. He was for many years a minister of the Metho- dist church and at one time presiding elder. In the organization of the Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry, he was appointed by Governor Xirkwood its colonel. He did not prove adapted to military command and resigned his commission on the 30th of June, 1863. In 1871 he was appointed Register of the United States Land Office at Fort Dodge and remained in that city several years in the real estate business. He finally moved to Rochester, New York, where he died many years ago.
HOWARD W. BYERS was bom in Woodstock, Wisconsin, on Christ- mas Day, 1856. His education was acquired in the public schools of Wisconsin. In 1873 he came to Iowa, first locating on a farm near Gar- ner, in Hancock County. Subsequently he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1888. He removed to Shelby County, where in 1893 he was elected Representative in the Twenty-fifth General Assembly, on the Re- publican ticket. He was reelected in 1895 and chosen Speaker of the House of the Twenty-sixth General Assembly. In 1899 Mr. Byers was again elected Representative, serving in the Twenty-eighth General As-
36 HISTORY
■embly. In the political contest for Governor in 1901, Mr. Byers was a warm supporter of Mr. Gumxiiins for that position.
MELVIN H. BYERS was bom in Noble County, Ohio, January 12, 1846. When seven years of age his father came to Iowa, locating at Glen- wood, Mills County, later removing to a farm where the son worked sum- mers, attending the public schools winters. In January, 1864, Melvin enlisted in Company B, Twenty-ninth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, serving until the close of the Civil War. He served as recorder of Mills County and mayor of Glenwood. In 1879 he enlisted in the Iowa National Guard and has been promoted from private to major. In 1898 he was ap- pointed by Governor Shaw^ Adjutant General of the State. Upon him devolved the responsibility of organizing the quota of troops which Iowa was called upon to furnish for the Spanish War. This duty was per- formed with a degree of energy and ability that placed the Iowa troops in the field with thorough drill and equipment unsurpassed by those of any State in the Union. During his administration General Byers has brought the National Guard of Iowa to a high degree of effideney in all soldierly qualiti4
SAMUEL H. M. BTERS waa bom in Pulaski, Pennsylvania, in 1838. Coming to Iowa in 1851 with his father he waa educated in the sdiools of Oskaloosa, where his father located. He enlisted in the Fifth Iowa In- fantry and served in the army until March, 1865, was promoted to adju- tant in April, 1863. He was in many battles and in a charge at Mis- ■ionary Ridge was taken prisoner and for fifteen months suffered the hor- rors of Libby and other Confederate prisons. He finally escaped and re- turned to the army, where for a time he was on General Sherman's staff. At the close of the war he was brevetted major. While in prison at Columbia, South Carolina, he wrote the well-known song, "The March to the Sea," which brought him into national notice. It gave the name to Sherman's famous march and thousands of copies were sold immediately after the war. Major Byers was sent by General Sherman to General Grant and President Lincoln as bearer of dispatches announcing his great yiotories. He served fifteen years as American consul at Ziirich in Switserland and was imder President Arthur, Consul General for Italy. Under President Harrison he served as Consul to St Gall and later as Consul General for Switzerland. Major Byers has been a contributor to the leading magazines of the country. He is the author of " Iowa in War Times," ''Switzerland and the Swiss," ''Twenty Tears in Europe" and several volumes of poetry.
HENKY C. CALDWELL was bora in Marshall County, Virginia, Sep- tember 4, 1832. His father came with his family to the "Black Hawk
OF IOWA 37
Purehaae " in 1830, locatiiig at Bentonaport, in Van Buren County. Here the son aaeisted in the worlc of the farm, attending the public school in the winter. He began to read law at the early age of iMrteen and in 1847 walked to Keosauqua and procured a place in the law office of Wright and Knapp. After a few years he became a partner in the firm and when twenty-four was elected prosecuting attorney. In 1869 he was elected to the House of the Eighth General Assembly and was appointed chair* man of the judiciary committee. When the Civil War began he was commissioned major of the Third Cftvalry and reached the rank of oolooel in 18IM. In June of that year he was appointed by President Lincoln Judge of the United States District Court for Arkansas. He served in that position until 1891 when he was appointed Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the District of Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska^ Iowa, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Wyoming and Colorado. He has rendered many important and far-reaching decisions affecting th« rights of the common people and especially protecting laborers from oppres- sion of powerful corporations. In his official capacity he is above the in* fluence which wealth and power too often combine to accomplish selfish purposes.
TIMOTHT J. CALDWELL, pioneer physician, was bom in North Carolina, in 1839, growing to mai^ood on a farm and acquiring his early education in the common schools of his native State. In 1863 he removed to Iowa, settling at Redfield in Dallas County, and three years later be- gan the study of medicine. Later he entered the Medical College at Keo- kuk, from which he was graduated in the class of 1861. He located at Adel where he began to practice medicine. In 1864 he was appointed sur* geon of the Twenty-third Iowa Volunteer Infantry, serving until the close of the war. He then spent a year in study at Philadelphia and another in Bellevue Hospital in New York. In 18^1 he took post-graduate work in New York and gave one winter to study at New Orleans. He has served as president of the State Medical Society of Iowa. In politics Dr. Caldwell is a Republican and in 1881 was elected Representative in the Nineteenth General Assembly. At the dose of his term he was elected to the Senate from the District composed of the counties of Audubon, Guthrie and Dallas, where he served by reflection in the Twentieth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second and Twenty-third General Assemblies. Dr. Caldwell was president of the company which built the railroad from Waukee to Adel and has always been interestied in the growth of his home town.
AMBROSE A. CALL, one of the earliest pioneers of Kossuth Coimty, was bom in Huron Coimty, Ohio, June 9, 1833. He was educated in the common schools of Indiana and left home at the age of fifteen. In the spring of 1854 he came to Iowa, journeying from Iowa City over the wild
38 HISTORY
prairies to Kossuth County, where with his brother, Asa C, he formed the nucleus of a settlement by erecting the first log cabin north of Fort Dodge. The two brothers founded the town of Algona, and in 1861 Am- brose established the Algona Pioneer Press, the first newspaper in that section of the State. For years these pioneers labored to secure railroads and develop their town and county, working also for the material inter- ests and settlement of northwestern Iowa. Ambrose has acquired large interests in land and business enterprises in Algona and has expended his means freely in the improvements which have made Algona one of the most prosperous towns of northwestern Iowa. He has contributed many valuable historical articles to the literature of early times in that sec- tion of the State.
ASA C. CALL, one of the first settlers in Kossuth County, was born in Ohio in 1825. He was a graduate of Oberlin College and studied law. In 1850 he went to California remaining several years. In 1854 he, with his brother, Ambrose A., made a journey into northwestern Iowa far be- yond any settlement and entered a large tract of prairie and woodland on the east fork of the Des Moines River. Here th^ built log cabins and began to found a settlement. They built a mill on the river bank and laid out a town which they named Algona. They secured the organiza- tion of Kossuth County, of which Algona was made the county-seat. Here, for years, the two enterprising brothers labored with great success to secure settlers and were liberal promoters of every oiterprise for building up Algona. They established a newspaper, projected a college and finally secured one of the trunk lines of railroad. Asa 0. was the first judge of the county, an influential Republican and in 1884 a delegate from Iowa to the National Republican Convention. The two brothers were for more than thirty years the most widely known of the pioneer settlers of north- western Iowa and realised ample fortunes from their early investments. Asa C. died on the 6th of January, 1892.
MARTHA COONLEY CALLANAN was bom in Albany County, New York, May 18, 1826. Her youthful days were spent on a farm near the Hudson River. She received a good education in the schools of Albany and in 1846 was married to James Callanan. In 1863 they removed to Iowa, locating at Des Moines. Mrs. Callanan took a deep interest in the re- form movements of the times and in 1870 was one of the organizers of the State Equal Suffrage Association, which was established at a conven- tion held in Des Moines. She was always . a liberal contributor to its finances and an earnest and faithful worker in the cause. For many years she was the editor and publisher of the Wotnan*s Standard and a constant contributor to its columns. She was a prominent member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and one of the founders and contributors of
JUaJ:^-^.
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OF IOWA 39
the Benedict Home for friendless girls. Mrs. Callanan was also one of the founders and generous supporters of the Home for the Aged which was erected at Des Moines. She was many times president of the Equal Suff- rage Association and always one of its trusted counselors. Mrs. Callanan took a deep interest in missionary work and was a liberal contributor to the cause. Her whole life was filled with good deeds and her wealth was used liberally in aiding the worthy unfortunate and promoting good works. She died on the 16th of August, 1001.
JAMES CALLANAN is a native of Albany County, New York, where in the town of New Scotland, he was bom on the 12th of November, 1818. He was educated in the 'common schools of his native town, and at Case- novia Seminary, where he remained three years. Later he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1845, at once entering upon practice at Al- bany. In 1863 Mr. Callanan was called to Iowa to look after real estate investments in and near Des Moines and has since made that city his home. He has been largely interested in many of the financial institutions of the Capital City, being one of the founders of the Hawkeye Insurance Company, president of the Capital City Bank, and a stockholder or direc- tor in the Citizens' National and State Savings Banks and in the Iowa Loan and Trust Company. He was one of the organizers and promoters of the Des Moines and Minneapolis Railroad Company and largely inter- ested in mining properties. Mr. Callanan has been a life-long advocate of temperance and always been a large contributor to the cause. He has given liberal aid to a number of benevolent institutions of Des Moines, among which are the Home for the Aged, the Iowa Methodist Hospital and the Children's Home. He has been a liberal promoter of churches and education and was a large contributor in the establishment of Calla- nan College. He saved the closing of his Alma Mater at a critical period by buying the bonds of the institution. The aid that Mr. Callanan has rendered friendless boys and girls toward a start in the right direction, can never be known to the public He has always been one of the chief promoters and a liberal contributor to the work of the Humane Society.
SAMUEL CALVIN is a native of Scotland, where he was bom Feb- ruary 2, 1840. The first eleven years of his life were spent amid the scenes made famous by Walter Scott and later by Crockett. With his father's family he then came to America, remaining four years in Sara- toga County, New York, then removing to Buchanan County, Iowa. Here he learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, devoting his summers to work and his winters to study and teaching. In 1862 he entered Lenox College, remaining until 1864 when he enlisted in the Forty-fourth Iowa Volunteers and served in southern Tennessee and northern Mississippi until the regiment was mustered out of service. Study was now resumed,
40 HISTOBY
to which was added teaching, first as instructor and later as professor of mathematics and natural history. In 1869 Profe8S<»' Calvin was made principal of the Fourth Ward Sdiool of Dubuque where he remained until 1874 when he was elected Professor of Natural Sdenoe at the State University, succeeding Dr. G. A. White. At that time the professor <ff natural science was required to teach geology, coOlogy, physiology and botany. TUs wide field has been gradually divided among other profes- sors and instructors until Professor Calvin occupied the chair of geology alone. He has been a constant investigator and contributor to the liter- ature of his chosen specialty. He was one of the founders and remains one of the editors of the Amerioan Cfeologiat, the oldest exclusively geo- loeieal journal in America. He was one of the original fellows of the Geological Society of America and has long been a member of the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1890 he served as secretary of the geological section and in 1894 as vice-president of the association and presiding officer of the section. His address delivered in Brooklyn, attracted much favorable comment, both in this country and Europe. The degree of M. A. was conferred upon him by Cornell College and that of Ph. D. by Lenox College. In 1892 Professor Calvin was ap- pointed State Geologist of Iowa, which position he has filled with marked ability as shown by the high standing the survey has attained at home and abroad.
"The economical results of the work are beoominjg more and more apparent and to Professor Calvin the State is mainly indebted for them. He will probably, however, be longest remembered and best known as the teacher of hundreds of men and women occupying important positions throughout the State."
EDWARD CAMPBELL, farmer, lawmaker and politician, was bom in Washington County, Pennsylvania, January 1, 1820. From early b<^- hood he was obliged to rely upon his own resources but he procured a good education by reading without instruction. He was a Democrat from the time he was old enough to take an interest in politics and during his entire life retained that faith and was one of the trusted leirders of his party in Iowa. He was a warm supporter of Stephen A. Douglas in 1860, and served as sheriff and prothonotary for many years in Pennsyl- vania before coming to Iowa in 1865. Locating on a farm in Jefferson County, near Fairfield, he became a progressive farmer, intelligent and successful. For ten years he was chairman of the Democratic State Cen- tral Committee and one of the most trusted coimoilors of his party up to the time of William J. Bryan's nomination for President, when he affili- ated with the " Gold Standard " wing which supported Palmer for Presi- dent. He was elected to the House of the Fourteenth General Assembly in the fall of 1871, serving in the regular and extra session, which re- vised the code. When Cleveland was elected President, Mr. Campbell was
OP IOWA 41
appointed United States Marshal lor the Soathem Diatriot of Iowa. Death eame to him on the 9th of March, 1901.
FRANK T. CAMPBELL was bom on the 8th of May, 1836, in the State of Ohio. He received a good education and in 1866 moved to New- ton, Iowa, where for several years he, with his brother A. K. Campbell, published the Newton Jawmah In 1869, Frank T. was elected on the Be- pnblican ticket member of the State Senate. In that body he was one of the leading advocates of legislation fixing, by law a tariff for railroad freight charges. He had carefully prepared for the leadership in that first energetic attempt by the Iowa Legislature to regulate by law rail- road charges, and was able to meet and successfully overcome objections raised by the attorneys of the corporations. Under his judicious manage- ment the famous Icf^latlon was successfully carried through which be- came known as the '' Orange Laws." He served in the Senate eight years and In the fall of 1877 was nominated by the Republican State Conven- tion for the office of Lieutenant^Oovemor. He was elected serving with marked ability as President of the Senate for four years. In 1888 he was appointed by Oovemor Larrabee Railroad Commissioner for the term of three years. The Twenty-second Qeneral Assembly, having provided for the election of the Commissioners, Mr. Campbell was elected in November to serve three years from January, 1889. He removed to Des Moines which has since been his residence.
MAROARET W. CAMPBELL was born in Hancock County, Maine, on the 16th of January, 1827, and received her education in the district schools. As early as 1860 her attention was called to the subject of woman suffrage by reading the proceedings of the first Woman's Rights Conven- tion held at Worcester, Massachusetts. She soon became a firm believer in the reform but did not enter the field as a worker until 1863. She came to Iowa in 1857, locating in Linn County. During the War of the Re- bellion she was active in soldiers' aid societies and at this time made her first public speeches in the suffrage cause, writing also on the subject for the newspapers. In February, 1869, she attended an important suffrage convoitipn at Springfield, Massachusetts, where a number of the national leaders were among the speakers. Here Mrs. Campbell made an eloquent address which attracted general attention. The same year she was sent as a delegate to the Convention of the American Woman Suffrage Association at Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1870 was a delegate to the State Convention of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association. From this time Mrs. Campbell became one of the prominent public speakers in the cause, in New England and New York. For more than twenty years she was an officer of the American Woman Suffrage Association and for a long time was connected with the Woman*8 Journal. She was associated with Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe and other national leaders in the reform, often
42 HISTORY
speaking with them at eonyentions in yarious States. In November, ISTp, Mrs. Campbell again settled in Iowa and was ever active in the suffrage cause, taking part in all of the State campaigns, in which she has been one of the ablest and most widely sought of the public speakers. She was four years President of the State Suffrage Association and for two years Ck>rresponding Secretary. In 1901 she removed to Joliet, IlUnois.
CYRUS C. CARPENTER, eighth Governor of Iowa, was bom at Hartford, Pennsylvania, on the 24th of November, 1829. He was reared on a farm, educated in the common schools and at an academy in his native town. He taught school two years in Licking County, Ohio, and in the spring of 1864 came to Iowa, stopping a short time at Des Moines and then walking to Fort Dodge. He there engaged in surveying, school teaching and the study of law. In 1856 he was chosen county surveyor and in March, 1857, joined the relief expedition sent to Spirit Lake to aid the settlers driven from their homes by the Sioux Indians. In the fall of that year he was nominated by the Republicans of the District embracing seventeen coimties of northwestern Iowa for Representative in the Seventh General Assembly. His Democratic competitor was the bril- liant young lawyer John F. Dimcombe. After a vigorous campaign of the District, Carpenter was elected. In that first Legislature under the new Constitution, made up of men of unusual ability, Mr. Carpenter laid the foundation of his long and honorable public career. At the beginning of the Rebellion he was appointed to a military position and during the war served on the staff of Generals Rosecrans, Dodge and Logan. In 1866 Colonel Carpenter was elected Register of the State Land Office, serving two terms. In 1871 he was nominated for Governor by the Republican State Convention and elected by a majority of more than 40,000. He was reelected in 1873 serving four years. At the expiration of his term he was appointed Second Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States, where he served two years. In 1878 he was appointed Railroad Commis- sioner and before the expiration of his term was nominated for Congress by the Republicans of the Ninth District. He was elected, serving two terms. In 1884 he served another term in the State Legislature. He was postmaster of Fort Dodge for several years. The last years of his life were given to the care of his fine farm. He died on the 29th of May, 1898. At his funeral were assembled many of the prominent men of the State, including the Governor. No man ever served the public more faith- fully, or brought to the performance of his official duties a more conscien- tious regard for the general welfare of the people than Governor C. C. Carpenter.
GEORGE T. CARPENTER was bom in Nelson County, Kentucky, March 4, 1832. He graduated at Abdington College in 1859. Soon enter-
V
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OF IOWA 43
ing the ministry he preached two years at Winterset, Iowa. Later he became a member of the faculty of Oskaloosa College, where he remained for twenty years, serving a large portion of the time as president of the institution. For many years he was editor of the Christian Evangelist, In 1873 he was one of the Iowa Ck>mmissioners to the World's Fair at Vienna. He was an active prohibitionist and in 1879 was nominated by that party for Governor but declined. In 1881 Professor Carpenter, Gen- eral F. M. Drake and D. R. Lucas founded Drake University, of which Carpenter was chosen Chancellor. From this time he gave his best ener- gies to the building up of that institution. It was a severe blow to the college when he died on the 29th of July, 1893, in the midst of his devoted labors and great usefulness.
WILLIAM L. CARPENTSR was born near Salem, Ohio, on the 5th of October, 1841. His education was acquired in the public schools and at Epworth Academy. His father and family removed to Iowa in 1864, locating on a farm in Dubuque County where William remained imtil a few years before the Civil War when he went to Black Hawk County where he engaged in school teaching and farming. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Thirty-second Iowa Volunteers, in May, 1863, was promoted to second lieutenant and in 1864 became adjutant of the regiment in which po- sition he served to the dose of the war. His gallantry at the Battle of Nash- ville was commended by special mention in general orders. When the Grange movement began he took an active interest in the cause and in 1875 was elected secretary of the State Grange, holding the position several years. Removing to Des Moines, he engaged in manufacturing. When the barb wire trust of Washburn, Moen & Co. was organized and imdertook to control the manufacture and fix the price of wire fencing, Captain Carpenter was one of the first to suggest to the farmers to unite in resisting the powerful monopoly in fixing prices. The fight continued for seven years in the courts during which time the " Farmers' Protective As- sociation," through the factory established by Carpenter and Given, con- tinued to manufacture and fix a reasonable price for fence wire. Litigation of a formidable character was instituted against the managers of the free factory; intimidation and bribery were attempted, and finally when all efforts failed to suppress competition the trust was compelled to re- duce prices to those fixed * by the farmers' association. Through the struggle William L. Carpenter kept the free factory running, unawed by threats and scorning all attempts at bribery. The same nerve that won promotion on the field of battle was shown by Carpenter in his contest with the powerful Washburn Syndicate. In 1886 he was nominated by the Democrats of the Seventh District for Congress but the District had too large a Republican majority to be overcome. He was elected mayor of Des Moines in 1888, serving two years. In 1890 he was appointed Custo-
44 mSTOBY
dian of the Public BaildingB of the State, eendng four yean. He has been active in all humane worka, serving on the commiBsionB for aid to tha Johnstown sufferers, the starving in India and the Cuban Relief Com- mission.
PHINEA8 IC GA8ADT was bom at Connenville in Indiana, Decem- ber 3, 1818. He aefoired a liberal education, studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar. Li 1848 he came to the new State of Iowa, traveUag westward over its wild prairies to Fort Dcs Moines then on the Indian frontier. He was appointed by President Polk the first postmaster of the future Capital of Iowa. He opened a law olBee and soon procured his share of the Ugtl business of the vicinity. In 1847 he was elected sdiool fund commissioner with custody of the sdiool money. In 1848 he was nominated by the Democrats for State Senator in an immenss district embracing the ccmnties of Polk, Dallas, Jaspo*, ICarion and all of the unorganised region north and west to the Ifissonri River. He was elected and took his seat in the Second Qcneral Assembly. In looking over the map of the State he observed that nearly one-half of its terri- tory was unnamed. He at omot determined to prepare a bill providing for its divisions into ooonties. The bill was rtlenred to the committee on new counties of iHkldi he was a member. He gave much time to this bill as there was a wide dUKwenee of opinion as to names. The differeneea were finally harmonised and forty nsw counties were created and named. It was by Hr the most important act of the Second Genoml Assembly and the name of Senator P. M. Oasady became imperishably associated with one of the most interesting events of Iowa history. A paper of great value was prepared in 1894 by Judge Oasady for the Pioneer Law- makers' Association giving an account of the .incidents which led to the naming of these coimties. In 1854 Mr. Casady was elected Judge of the Fifth District. Soon after he was appointed Receiver of the United States Land Office by President Pierce. In 1872 he was elected one of the regents of the State University, serving four years. He was one of the founders of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association and has contributed many valuable historical articles for its publications. For nearly a quarter of a century he has been president of the Des Moines Savings Bank.
CARRIE LANE CHAPMAN CATT was bom in Wisconsin and came with her parents to Floyd County, Iowa, when she was seven years of age. Her maiden name was Carrie Lane and her early education was ac- quired in the public schools of Charles City. She taught several terms and was elected principal of the High School of Mason City. Miss Lane pursued her studies for some time at the State Agricultural College. Later she was chosen superintendent of the public schools of Mason City, serving two years, when she married Leo Chapman, editor of the Repuh'
^^5<^-r5t**^
OP IOWA 45
Uoan, His wife became a partner in the eetablishmenty and asaociate edi- tor of the paper. A few years later they removed to San Francisco where Mr. Chapman died. Mrs. Chapman secured a position on one of the city papers and is said to have been the first woman editor in San Francisco. While there she was deeply impressed with the wrongs of working women and gave lectures on women's rights and wrongs. She soon became warmly enlisted in the subject of equal suffrage and the advancement and social betterment of women. In 1891 she was married to George W. Catt. She had become one of the most popular and eloquent advocates of the suffrage reform and when the office of National Organiser was created in 1893 Mrs. Catt was chosen to fill the position. She soon acquired national fame as one of the most successful advocates of the cause and her powerful logic and winning oratory brought her to the front rank of successful workers. When the venerable President of the National Association, Susan B. An- thony retired, Mrs. Catt was by common consent chosen to succeed her. For several years she has resided in the City of New York.
JONATHAN W. CATTELL was bom in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1820. He acquired a liberal education and came to Iowa in 1846, locating on a farm near Springdale in Cedar County. In 1852 he was elected Clerk of the District Court, serving four years. In 1856 he was a delegate to the Convention which founded the Republican party of Iowa. The same year he was elected to the State Senate, serving four years. In 1858 he was elected Auditor of State and at the close of his term was reelected. He instituted many reforms in the management of the business of that important office and served three terms. Becoming a dtizeo of Polk County, he was, in 1865, again elected to the Senate for four years. In 1885 Mr. Cattell was appointed by Qovemor Sherman to fill a vacancy in the office of Auditor of State. He was for several years President of the State Insurance Company. During his twenty years of public life Mr. Cattell rendered valuable service to the State, originating many excellent laws and improved methods of transacting public busi- ness. In religion he was a Quaker and in the years of slavery a radical Abolitionist. He died on the 25th of September, 1887.
JOHN CHAMBERS, second Territorial Governor of Iowa, was bom October 6, 1780, in Somerset County, New Jersey. His father. Colonel Rowland Chambers, was a cplonel in the War for American Independence. At the close of the war he removed to Mason County, Kentucky. His son after securing an education began the study of law. He was admitted to the bar and began practice in 1800. In 1812 he was elected to the Kentucky Legislature and at the close of his term received an appointment <m the staff of General William H. Harrison with the rank of major. He did excellent service during the war with Great Britain then prevail-
46 HISTOEY
ing, especially distinguishing himself at the Battle of the Thames. In 1816 he was again elected to the Legislature. In 1828 he was elected to Ck)ngress where he served but one term, declining reflection. In 1835 he was again elected to Congress, serving four years. In 1841 he was ap- pointed by President Harrison, his old commander. Governor of the Ter- ritory of Iowa. He was also appointed commissioner to negotiate treaties with the Sac and Fox Indians and interested himself in protecting several tribes of Indians from frauds of agents and traders. He made his home on a fine farm of 1,000 acres which he secured and improved six miles west of Burlington. His administration was wise and creditable but» as he was a Whig, and the Legislatures during his term were strongly Demo- cratic, the relations existing between the executive and legislative branches of the Territorial government were not harmonious. Soon after the in- auguration of President Polk, Governor Chambers was removed from office solely for political reasons. He earnestly opposed the adoption of the Constitution of 1846, under which Iowa became a State. In 1849 Governor Chambers was appointed by President Taylor to negotiate a treaty with the Sioux Indians. This was his last official position. Toward the close of his life he returned to Kentucky where he died on the 21st of September, 1852.
JOHN W. CHAPMAN was born at Blairsville, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1835. In 1843 his father removed with his family to Iowa Territory, mak- ing his home near Burlington, where John W. was reared on a farm. In 1860 he removed to Nebraska and was soon after elected a member of the Territorial Council where he won distinction as a fluent speaker and acquired wide influence in that body. In 1867 Mr, Chapman returned to Iowa, locating at Council Bluffs where he was one of the owners and editor of the daily Nonpareil, He was four years treasurer of Pottawat- tamie County, eight years United States Marshal of Iowa, and mayor of Council Bluffs. He died in that city in 1886. Spencer Smith says of Mr. Chapman :
'' He was a man of superior judgment, broad views and great strength of character, qualities that gave him prominence at all times and places. His genial nature gave him social popularity in the community in which he moved. His acquaintance was not conflned alone to Iowa ; he was fairly well known as a man of ability by many of the leading statesmen of the country. He was a strong, terse, vigorous writer, with positive convic- tions upon public questions and had much originality of expression. He sought to make the Nonpareil a moulder of piu>lic opinion, rather than a reflector of it."
WILLIAM W. CHAPMAN, the first Delegate in Congress from Iowa, was bom in Marion County, Virginia, on the 11th of August, 1808. He received but a common school education and read law while serving as
OP IOWA 47
clerk of the court. After his admiBsion to the bar he opened an office at Middleton. In 1836 he removed to Builington in the ** Black Hawk Purchase" and was soon after appointed Prosecuting Attorney by the Governor of Michigan Territory. In 1836, when Wisconsin Territory was created, Mr. Chapman was appointed by the President United States At- torney for the Territory. In 1838, when the Territory of Iowa was estab- lished, there were four candidates at the September election for Delegate in Congress. Mr. Chapman was chosen by a plurality of thirty-six votes. While in Congress he secured for Iowa the land grant of 600,000 acres for the support of common schools. He also obtained a report from the committee on Territories which finally secured to the State a decision in its favor in the controversy with Missouri over the boundary. In 1844 Mr. Chapman was a member of the First Constitutional Convention and took a prominent part in its deliberations. As chairman of the committee on boundaries, he reported in favor of the boundaries as finally established. In 1847 he removed to Oregon and became one of the proprietors of the city of Portland. He was elected to the Oregon Legislature; was one of the founders of the first newspaper established in the Territory. In 1B68 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Oregon. Mr. Chapman died Octo- ber 9, 1892.
DANIEL D. CHASE of Hamilton County, was for more than a quar- ter of a century one of the best known public men of northern Iowa. He was bom near Canajoharie in the State of New York, July 4, 1830. Secur- ing a good education for several years he taught school. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1866 and soon after came to Iowa and be- came a resident of Webster City where he entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1860 he was elected a member of the State Board of Education from the Eleventh Judicial District. In 1861 he was elected District Attorney for the same district serving more than four years. In 1866 he was appointed judge of the District Court to fill a vacancy. He was twice reelected, serving nine years and attaining rank among the ablest judges in the State. In 1867 he was the most prominent candi- date for Congress in the old Sixth District which comprised more than a third of the counties of Iowa, but was defeated. He was at one time a prominent candidate for Supreme Judge, receiving almost the unanimous support of the delegates from northwestern Iowa. In 1864 Judge Chase was a delegate at large from Iowa to the Republican National Conven- tion which renominated Lincoln for President. In 1877 he was elected State Senator from Hardin and Hamilton counties, serving four years. He died at Webster City on the 27th of April, 1891.
GEORGE M. CHRISTIAN is a native of Chicago, where he was bom June 19, 1847. He received his education in the public schools. When the
48 mSTOBY
Civil War began he was but fourteen years of age, yet he tried several times to enlist but was rejected on account of his youth. Having his own way to make he came to Davenport^ Iowa, in 1865, and attended the com- mercial college. Five years later he removed to Grinnell which has since been his home. Mr. Christian early became an expert telegraph operator and later an hotel keeper. In 1888 he was a delegate to the National Re- publican Convention at Chicago, and chairman of the finance committee of the Iowa delegation. He also had diarge of the Allison Presidential cam- paign during the sessions of the Convention. In 1889 he was appcHnted by J. S. Clarkson, assistant superintendent of the railway mail service and in July, 1890, became PostK>flace Inspector. This positi<m he re- tained through changing administrations until he received the appoint- ment of United States Marshal in 1898.
THOMAS W. CLAGETT was bom in Prince Oeorge County, Mary- land, August 30, 1815. He received a liberal education at Bladensburg Academy, studied law, was admitted to the bar and entered upon the practice of his profession. He served two terms in the House of tho Maryland Legislature as a Whig. In 1850 he removed to Iowa, locating at Keokuk, where he practiced law and became editor of the Keokuk dm- giiiuium. When the Whig party disappeared Mr. Clagett united with the Democrats and in 1857 was elected judge of the First District. In 1859 he was elected to the House of the Eighth (General Assembly and at once became one of the leading members. He served in the extra session of May, 1861, called to organise the military forces of the State for the Civil War. Judge Clagett took a deep interest in fine stodc and general farming and was one of the founders of the Lee County Agricultural Soci- ety and in 1853 he also helped to organise the State Agricultural Society and was its president for four years. He was a man of generous im- pulses and fine social qualities. Judge Clagett died in Keokuk on the 15th of April, 1876.
CHAKLES A. CLARK, one of the great lawyers of the State, was bom at Saagerville^ in the State of Maine, January 26, 1841. He at- tended the common schools of his native town, with three terms at Fox- croft Academy. Later, while working on a farm, he walked three miles to Guilford several times each week to procure instruction in Greek and Latin. At the age of fifteen he began to teach school and in April, 1861, enlisted as a private in Company A, Sixth Maine Volunteers and as a soldier of great courage he received rapid promotion to corporal, sergeant, lieutenant and adjutant of the regiment, serving until he was severely wounded and disdiarged. As soon as he recovered he reSntered the army with a commission as captain and assistant Adjutant-General, serving in General Bumside's Brigade until in November, 1864, failing health
OF IOWA 49
compelled him to resigiL He received a special Congressional medal for gallantry and meritorious services in saving the regiment from capture at Brook's Ford, Virginia, on the night of May 4, 1863. Upon the personal recommendation of General Hancock he was brevetted major for gallantry at Marye's Heights, Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863, and lieutenant-colonel for conspicuous bravery at Rappahannock Station, November 7, 1863. Colonel Clark participated in the following engagements: Siege of York- town, battles at Williamsburg, Gaines Mills, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, both at the first and second engagements, Salem Church, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and numerous others. Colonel Clark cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln, later became a liberal Republican, serving as a delegate to the Cincinnati National Convention of 1872, affiliating with the Democrats until 1896. In 1888 he was president of the Democratic State Convention and a delegate to the National Convention the same year. He nominated Horace Boies for Governor at the Ottumwa Con- vention in 1801. Colonel Clark returned to the Republican party in 1896, assbting in the canvass for McKinley. He came to Iowa in 1866, becoming a resident of Webster City, where he practiced law for ten years, then removing to Cedar Rapids. For ten years he was a law partner with Judge Hubbard, practicing in the Supreme Court of many States and in the Supreme Court of the United States.
GEORGE W. CLARK was born in Johnson County, Indiana, on the 26th of December, 1833. He was educated at Wabash College and in 1856 removed to Iowa, making his home at Indianola. He was engaged in the practice of law when the Civil War began and was the first man in that county to enlist as a volunteer, assisting in raising Company G of the Third Iowa Infantry. He was commissioned first lieutenant and on the organization of the regiment was appointed quartermaster, serving in that position until September 1, 1862, when he was appointed colonel of the Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry. He commanded the regiment in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou and Arkansas Post. His regiment was also in the Red River campaign under General Banks. During the latter part of the war Colonel Clark commanded a brigade.
JAMES S. CLARK was bom near Indianapolis, Indiana, October 17, 1841. After spending his early years on a farm, Mr. Clark came to Iowa and was a college student at Mount Pleasant when the Civil War began. In April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company F, First Iowa Volunteers, participating in the Battle of Wilson's Creek. Later he was promoted to lieutenant and captain of Company C, in the Thirty-fifth Infantry, which was engaged in seventeen battles and sieges during its term of serviod. On the day that General Lee surrendered Captain Clark led his regiment
[Vol. 4]
50 mSTOEY
in a desperate charge on the forts of Mobile, Alabama. He is the his- torian of that gallant regiment, having gathered the events of its career in the Civil War which have been published, adding to the valuable liter- ature of the deeds of Iowa soldiers in the great Rebellion. He is president of the Regimental Association of the First Iowa Regiment of volunteer soldiers in the Civil War and has published a sketch of General Lyon and "The Fight for Missouri." Captain Clark is a graduate of the Ohio Weslejan University and also of the Iowa State University. He engaged in' the practice of law in Des Moines from 1870 to 1890, when he retired to accept the position of secretary of the Des Moines Insurance Company, later becoming president of the Anchor Insurance Company, as well as president of the Iowa Alliance of Insurance Men.
LINCOLN CLARK was born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, June 6, 1800. His boyhood was spent on his father's farm where he at- tended district school during the winter months until he acquired suffi- cient education to teach in the common schools. He entered Amherst Col- lege and, taking the classical course, graduated. He then went to Tir- ginia and engaged in teaching, earning money enough to support himself while pursuing his law studies. He was admitted to the bar in Pickens County, Alabama, where he had decided to locate. In 1834 he was elected to a seat in the House of the Alabama Legislature, serving three terms. He removed to Tuscaloosa, then the Capital of the State, in 1836, and in 1839 was appointed Attorney-General. In 1846 he was appointed judge of the United States Circuit Court. He came to Iowa in 1848, locating in Ihibuque, where in 1852 he was chosen one of the presidential electors on the Democratic ticket, casting his vote for Franklin Pierce for President. In 1850 he received the nomination for Congress in the old Second Dis- trict which at that time embraced more than half of the State. His com- petitor on the Whig ticket was John P. Cook of Davenport. The contest was close, but Clark was elected by the narrow margin of but one hun- dred fifty in a total vote of 15,606. At the close of his term the same candidates renewed the contest but Cook won the election. In 1857 Mr. Clark was elected to the House of the Seventh G^eral Assembly and gave the State valuable service in adapting the laws to the new Constitution. He was a life-long Democrat.
RUSH CLARK was bom at Shellsburg, Pennsylvania, on the 1st of October, 1834. He was a graduate of Jefferson College and studied medi- cine. But in 1853 he decided upon the study of law and at Iowa City entered the law office of his brother. For a time he had editorial charge of the Iowa City BepubUoan in the campaign which resulted in the election of James W. Grimes for Governor. This was the first defeat of a Demo- cratic State ticket. In 1850 Mr. Clark was elected to the House of the
OF IOWA 51
Eighth Qeneral Aflsembly on the Republican ticket. He took high rank as a legislator, was reelected in 1861 and chosen Speaker of the House in 1802. In 1876 he was again elected to the House, and in 1876 was elected to Congress. He was reelected at the expiration of his first term and died during the first session of the next Congress, in 1879.
TALTON E. CLABK was bom in Nicholasville, Kentucky, October 18, 1845. He attended the Richmond High School, of which his father was principal, until 1864 when the family removed to Boonerille, Missouri, where his education was continued in Shelby College. In 1867 the family came to Iowa, locating at Clarinda, where Mr. Clark studied law for three years with Hon. William P. Hepburn and was admitted to the bar. He became a well-known and successful lawyer in that section of the State and in 1881 was elected to the State Senate on the Republican ticket, serving by reflection in the Nineteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-first and Twenty-second General Assemblies. He was for six years chairman of the Senate oommittee for the suppression of intemperance and was the author of important amendments to the prohibitory liquor law rendering its en- forcement much more effective. He died at Los Angeles, California, April 20, 1902.
SAMUEL M. CLARK was bom in Van Buren County, Iowa, on the 11th of October, 1842. He was educated at the Des Moines Valley Col- lege at West Point, in Lee County, and began the study of law when eighteen years of age in the office of Judge George G. Wright and was admitted to the bar at Keokuk in 1864. Immediately thereafter he be- came associate editor with J. B. Howell of the Gate City, the leading Republican daily of southeastern Iowa. This proved to be his life work for which he rapidly developed remarkable telent and in a few years became one of the ablest and most versatile editorial writers in the Stete. He was a studious reader of literary and scientific works, an independent and philosophic thinker, his editorials often ranking as finished essays on the subject treated. Few men in Iowa had a wider acquaintence with the noteble people of his native State and no one warmer or more abiding friendships. It was one of the greatest pleasures of his busy life te serve his friends. He was a delegate te the Republican National Conventions of 1872, 76 and '80, was seldom absent from the Stete Conventions of his party and was the author of many of the platforms for a quarter of a century. For a period of fourteen years he was president of the school board of Keokuk and for eight years was postmaster of that city. In 1889 he was appointed by the President Commissioner of the Paris Exposition. In 1894 he was elected to the popular branch of Congress on the Repub- lican ticket and at the dose of his first term was reelected, serving four
52 HISTORY
years. Death came to him in the meridian of his useful and noble life on the 11th of August, 1900.
JAMES CLARKE, third Governor of the Territory of Iowa, was born July 5, 1812, in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. When a boy he learned the printer's trade and worked in the State printing office in Harrisburg. In 1836 he went to St. Louis and found employment on the Missouri Republican, Upon the organization of Wisconsin Territory he went to Belmont, then the Capital, and in company with John B. Russell established the Belmont Ouetette, a Democratic weekly newspaper. The first number was issued October 25, 1836. Its proprietors were chosen State Printers lor the Territorial Legislature. The Capitol was soon after removed to Burlington on the west side of the Mississippi, and Mr. Clarke repaired to that place and established the Wisconsin TerritoriiU Oaa^tie in 1837. This was the first newspaper published at Burlington and the Daily Gazette of that city has grown from that establishment. The public printing was given to Mr. Clarke and he was appointed by Governor Dodge Territorial Librarian. James W. Grimes was his assistant in the library. Upon the death of William B. Conway, Secretary of the Territory of Iowa in November, 1839, Mr. Clarke was appointed by the President his succes- sor. He was mayor of Burlington in 1844 and was chosen a delegate to the First Constitutional Convention which assembled in October, 1844. On the 18th of November, 1846, Mr. Clarke was appointed by President Polk (governor of the Territory of Iowa. The Constitution of 1844, hav- ing been rejected by the people, a second Constitution framed in 1846 was adopted and on the 28th of December Governor Clarke retired from office upon the inauguration of the new State government. In 1848 Governor Clarke resumed the management of the Burlington Gazette and served as a delegate to the National Democratic Convention which nominated Lewis Cass for President. In July, 1850, Burlington was visited by the cholera, from which Governor Clarke's wife and youngest son died« A few days later the Governor was seized with the disease and he, too, died on the 28th of the same month, at the early age of thirty-eight. The following General Assembly gave his name to the new county adjoining Lucas and thus the names of the first and last Territorial Governors of Iowa were per- petuated side by side.
WILLIAM PENN CLARKE was born in Baltimore, Maryland, Octo- ber 1, 1817. At the age of fourteen he went to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and learned the printing business. In 1838 he came west on foot at the age of twenty-one and reaching Cincinnati established a daily newspaper, and later became editor of the Logan Gazette, in Ohio. In 1844 he went farther west and located at Iowa City where he was admitted to the bar in 1845. He was a ready writer and contributed frequently to the news-
OP IOWA 53
papers on the slavery issue, being a " f ree-soiler " in polities. He at- tended the Pittsburg National Convention which took the preliminary steps toward the organization of the Republican party in 1856, acting as one of the secretaries. At the National Bepublican Convention in 18(M), Mr. Clarke was one of the delegates from Iowa and was chosen chairman of the delegation. He soon after purchased the State Press at Iowa City and took an active part in the antislavery contest leading to the Kansaa war. As a member of the National Kansas Committee he sent a com- pany of men to aid the citizens of that Territory in expelling the " Border Ruffian" invaders. He was for many years the keeper of a station on the " underground railroad " and was fearless in aiding fugitive slaves ta freedom, cooperating with John Brown during his operations in Iowa. Mr. Clarke prepared the original ordinances for the government of Iowa City. He was reporter of the decisions of the Iowa Supreme Court for five years. As an influential member of the Constitutional Convention of 1857 he acted as chairman of the committee on judiciary. Early in the Civil War Mr. Clarke was appointed paymaster in the army, serving until 1866. He was then chosen chief clerk in the Interior Department at Washington, resigning when Andrew Johnson began his war on the Republican party, and returning to the practice of law in Washington, he died F^ruary 7, 1903.
•
COKBR F. CLARKSON was a native of the State of Maine where he was born in the year 1810. His father removed with his family to Indi- ana in 1820 going by wagon. After assisting his father on the new farm until about seventeen, Coker learned the printing business. He secured a position in the office of the Latorencehurg Statesman and after three years was placed in charge of the paper. In the course of four years he was able to buy the establishment and published the Broohville Amerioan until 1854 when he disposed of the property and, in 1856, located in Grundy County, Iowa. Here he lived until 1878. He was a close observer, an excellent writer and was one of the pioneers in agricultural writing in Iowa. In 1863 he was elected to the State Senate from the district con- sisting of the counties of Hardin, Grundy, Black Hawk and Franklin. He was appointed chairman of the committee on agriculture and helped to devise the system of disposing of the Agricultural College land grant by which a large revenue was derived from it while the government lands were obtainable for free homesteads. He served four years in the Senate and in 1868 was a prominent candidate for Congress in the old Sixth Dis- trict which embraced more than a third of the counties of the entire State. In December, 1870 he, with his two sons, Richard P. and James S., purchased the Iowa State Register, of which he became agricultural editor. In the contest between the farmers and the Washburn Barb Wire Trust he gave the Fanners' Association continued and valuable aid, helping to
54 HISTOBT
break the oppressive monopoly. He contmued his editorial work up to the time of his last sickness and died on the 7th of May, 1800. In early life Mr. Glarkson was a Whig in politics. When the Republican
party was organized he united with it and was an influential member.
I i
JAMES 8. GLARKSON was bom at Brookville, Indiana, May 17, 1842. His early education was obtained in the common schools and in his fatiier's printing office. In 1866 his father removed with his family to Grundy Gounty, Iowa, where James remained eleven years assisting in farm labor and management. In 1866 he began work as a compositor on the Iowa State Register at Dee Moines. He was soon promoted to local editor, and upon the election of F. W. Palmer, its editor in chief, to Gongress, James S. assumed editorial management. In 1870 the establishment was pur- chased by the father and two sons; Goker F. conducting an agricultural de- partment, and the elder son, Richard P., assuming the business manage- ment. Each chief proved to be qualified to bring his department to the highest degree of excellence and the State Begister, which had long been the leading journal of Iowa, soon attained national influence and fame. Its influence in the Republican party of the State soon became supreme and its brilliant editor-in-chief was chosen chairman of the Republican State Committee. In this position he developed remarkable executive ability. He was appointed by President Grant postmaster of Des Moines, serving six years. He was a delegate to several Republican National Con- ventions and in 1880 became a member of the National Republican Com- mittee. He was an ardent supporter of James G. Blaine for President and a personal friend of that statesman. In the presidential campaign of 1884, Mr. Glarkson was one of the national managers for the Republicans and from 1890 to 1892 was chairman of the National Executive Com- mittee. In 1891 he was president of the Republican League of the United States. Upon the election of President Harrison Mr. Clarkson was ap- pointed First Assistant Postmaster-General and during his administra- tion of that department appointed 38,000 postmasters. As an editor and writer during half a life-time as a journalist in Iowa, Mr. Clarkson had few equals and no superiors. He was repeatedly tendered important federal offices by Republican Presidents. At twenty-five he was offered the Swiss mission by President Grant, but preferred the field of journalism in whidi he had won more than State-wide fame. When Garfield became President Mr. Clarkson was again offered a post abroad, and in 1890 was tendered his choice of appointments as minister to China or Russia, but again de- clined. In 1891 he sold his interest in the State Register and removed to New York City which has since been his home. He has always taken m deep interest in education and served as trustee of the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. He has written two works of fiction which have had large sales, but do not bear his name as author. In 1902
1^
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LORENZO 3, COF
OF IOWA 55
he was appointed by President Roosevelt Surveyor of Customs for the port of New York.
RICHAKD P. CLAEKSON, eldest son of Coker F. Olarkson, was bom at Brookfield, Indiana, in 1840. He learned the printing business in bis father's office at that place and after the family removed to Iowa in 1866 Richard worked for many years on the prairie farm which his father improved in Qrundy County. He secured a position as compositor in the office of the State Register at Des Moines in the spring of 1861 and in October enlisted as a private in the Twelfth Iowa Infantry. At the Battle of Shiloh he was captured with the regiment after a gallant fight and for seven months was a prisoner. After being exchanged he returned to his regiment serving until the close of the war. In 1870 the father and two sons, Richard P. and James S. purchased the lotoa State Register establishment and for many years worked together in their several depart- ments, making it the most influential Republican paper in the State. Richard P. was the business manager and in 1889 became the sole owner of the establishment and from that time forward assumed editorial man- agement of the paper. In June, 1902, after thirty- two years of service in the exacting field of daily journalism he sold the establishment and was appointed by President Roosevelt United States Pension Agent for Iowa and Nebraska.
DAVID C. CLOUD was bom in Champaign, Ohio, on the 22d of Janu- ary, 1817. He received but a common school education and learned the carpenter's trade. In 1839 he came to Iowa making his home at Musca- tine where he worked at his trade several years. His evenings were spent studying law and at the end of six years without instruction he was able to pass an examination which admitted him to the bar. In 1851 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney and rose to prominence in his new profession. The office of Attorney-General was created in 1853 and D. C. Cloud was nominated by the Democratic State Convention for the position. He was elected, serring four years. In 1856 he was elected to the House of the Sixth General Assembly and was made chairman of the committee of ways and means. When the Republican party was organised, Mr. Cloud, being strongly opposed to slavery, united with that party. He wrote and published several books on political and industrial subjects. The chief among these were works on ''The War Power of the President" and '* Monopolies and the People."
LORENZO S. COFFIN was bom in Alton, New Hampshire, on the 9th of April, 1823. He was reared on a farm with but little opportunity to secure an education. With two years' instruction in Oberlin College after leaving home he obtained a position as instructor in Geauga Semi-
56 HISTORY
nary where James A. Garfield and the girl who afterwards became his wife, were pupils. In 1855 Mr. Coffin came to Iowa, taking a claim near Fort Dodge. Here he was elected superintendent of schools and made fre- quent addresses in the different parts of the county urging better methods of farming and improvement in the public schools. He was a frequent contributor to agricultural journals, and for several years conducted an agricultural department in the Fort Dodge Messenger, In 1883 he was appointed Bailroad Commissioner, by Governor Sherman, serving five years. During his term it became his duty to investigate the cases of serious accidents and he became convinced that many of them might be avoided by the use of automatic couplers. From this time forward Mr. Coffin entered upon the formidable work of securing legislation to require the railroads of the country to equip their cars with automatic couplers. He has told the story of his successful work in the AnnaU of louxi. It is sufficient to say that he was instrumental in procuring acts of the Iowa Legislature and also an act of Congress requiring the railroads to use the safety couplers. It is estimated that the loss of life of railroad employees has been reduced by this reform more than sixty per cent. Mr. Coffin has also for years carried on a movement among railroad men against the use of intoxicating liquors. His latest benevolent work is in behalf of discharged convicts from the penitentiaries. He has built on his farm a temporary home for this class of people called "Hope Hall," where ex- prisoners may live until employment can be found for them. For more than twenty years Mr. Coffin has g^ven a large share of his time to reform work, chiefly in the causes here mentioned.
CHESTER C. COLE was bom in Chenango County, New York, June 4, 1824. He prepared for college at Oxford Academy and at the age of eighteen entered the junior class of Union College, afterwards taking the law course at Harvard University. Going to Frankfort, Kentucky, he re- ported the legislative proceedings for a daily paper. He was admitted to the bar of Crittenden County and there entered upon the practice of his profession, in which he soon attained high rank. In May, 1857, he re- moved to Des Moines, and soon became one of the most successful lawyers of the Capital City. In 1859 he was the Democratic candidate for judge of the Supreme Court but was defeated. In 1860 he was nominated by the Democrats of the Second District, which then embraced the south half of the State, for Representative in Congress but was defeated by Samuel R. Curtis, Republican. When the attack was made by Rebels of South Caro- lina on Fort Sumter, Mr. Cole was one of the first of the prominent Demo- crats to declare for the Union and urge the cooperation of men of all par- ties in support of the Government. Failing to bring about such a patri- otic stand on part of his Democratic associates he left his party with such men as Governor N. B. Baker, R. G. Kellogg, Cyrus Bussey and
-&>- 4c>iy^^
OF IOWA 67
M. M. Crodcer and united with the Republicans in support of the adminis- tration of Abraham Lincoln. In February, 1864, Mr. Cole was appointed bf Governor Stone judge of the Supreme Court, to which position he was elected by the people in November for a full term of six years and was reelected, serving until January 13, 1876, when he resigned. He became Chief Justioe in January, 1870. Judge Cole was one of the most active promoters of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home and in 1865 was associated with Judge Wright in establishing a law school at Des Moines which was after- wards moved to and became the Law Department of the State University at Iowa City. Judge Cole was for several years editor of the Western JurUt, He was also editor of a new edition of Iowa Law Reports. As a lawyer he has long ranked among the ablest of the State.
EDWIN H. CONGER, soldier, banker and statesman, was bom in Knox County, Illinois, March 7, 1843. He attended the public schools in boyhood and, entering Lombard University at Galesburg, graduated in 1862. Mr. Conger enlisted as a private in an Illinois regiment. He made a brave soldier and was promoted several times, finally becoming captain of his company and at the close of the war was brevetted major. Upon his return home he entered the Albany Law School, where he graduated in 1866 and entered upon practice at Galesburg, but two years later removed to Iowa, locating on a farm near Dexter. After five years he became a resident of the village and engaged in banking. In 1875 he established another bank at Stuart. He was for several years one of the trustees of Mitchellville Seminary. In 1878 he was elected treasurer of Dallas County and in 1880 was nominated by the Republican Convention for State Treasurer. He was elected, serving two terms with marked ability. Remaining in Des Moines, after he retired, in 1886 he was elected to Congress in the Seventh District. In 1888 he was reelected, serving until appointed by President Harrison minister to Brazil where he served with distinction for four years. Upon the election of McKinley, in 1807, Major Conger was restored to the Brazilian mission. But American interests in China requiring an experienced diplomat, the President transferred him to that empire. When the Boxer uprising took place and the massacres began, great anxiety was felt for the safety of all of the foreign ministers at Peking, who were soon isolated from all conmiunication with their governments, the city being surrounded and in possession of the hostile armies of Boxers. For we^s Peking was cut off from any communication with the outside world and it was feared that all of the foreign ministers with their families had perished from the attacks of fanatical insurgents. The anxiety of the Iowa people was intense for the safety of Major Conger and his family and one morning the news came that all of the foreign ministers and their families had, after a long and heroic defense, been slaughtered. Finally the allied armies of America and Europe forced
68 HISTOEY
their way to the Chinese Capital and relieved the besieged ministers, who with thdr families and other Christians had been shut up for weeks in the British legation buildings fighting day and night for their lives, sub- sisting a part of the time on mule meat. All through the terrible ordeal Major Conger was one of the bravest of the defenders and his wise counsel in the dire ertremity was acknowledged by all to have aided materially in saving the little garrison from extermination. Returning home for a few months' rest Major Conger and family met with a hearty reception. After consultation with the President he returned to his post in China.
JOHN CONNELL was bom in Paisley, Scotland, on the 16th of March, 1824. His parents emigrated to the United States in 1831, set- tling in Connecticut, where the son remained until 1862, when he came to Iowa and located in Tama County. He lived on a farm near Buckingham and later moved to Toledo, being one of the early settlers in the county which helped to organize it. In 1854 he was the Whig candidate for Representative in the Fifth General Assembly for the Twenty-third Rep- resentative District composed of the counties of Poweshiek, Jasper, Ben- ton and Tama, was elected and, when the Whig party ceased to exist, Mr. Council united with the new Republican party. In September, 1862, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty-eighth Iowa Volunteer In- fantry. In March, 1863, he was promoted to colonel and took command of the regiment. He was in Bank's Red River campaign, and at the Battle of Sabine Cross Roads lost his left arm and was taken prisoner. He retired from the service in March, 1865. In 1867 he was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Fourth District, serving until 1877, when he became collector of the same District.
JAMES P. CONNOR was bom January 27, 1851, in Delaware County, Indiana. When a child the family moved to Black Hawk County, Iowa, where he grew to manhood. He worked in the fields and attended the district school until the age of sixteen when he entered Upper Iowa Univer- sity where, for four years, he earned the means to pay his expenses. In 1872 he entered the Law Department of the State University, graduating in June, 1873, beginning to practice the same year at Denison, which has since been his home. In 1880 he was elected District Attorney for the Thirteenth District, holding the office for four years, when he was chosen circuit judge, retaining that position until the change in the judicial system. In 1886 he was elected judge of the Sixteenth Judicial District, serving four years, when he resumed the practice of law. In 1900 Judge Connor was elected Representative in Congress from the Tenth District, and in 1902 he was reelected, for a second term. He has been an active Republican and in 1892 was a delegate from Iowa to the National Repub- lican Convention.
OF IOWA 59
JOHN G. COOK was born in Seneca County, Ohio, December 26, 1846. He studied law and waa admitted to the bar. He came to Iowa, taking up his residence at Nevrton in Jasper County, where he entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1878 he was chosen judge of the Sixth Judicial District. In 1880 he was nominated by the Democrats for Bep- resentative in Congress in the Sixth Congressional District. His com- petitor on the Republican ticket was M. E. Cutts. The returns in several predncts were disputed but the certificate was awarded by the canvass- ers to Mr. Cutis. Mr. Cook contested the seat before Congress and, after a long delay, during which time Mr. Cutts was acting as the member, the seat was awarded to Mr. Cook who served the remainder of the term. He removed from Newton to Webster City where he became the attorney for a railroad company.
JOHN P. COOK, one of the pioneers of Iowa, was bom in White- side, Oneida County, New York, August 31, 1817. His education was ac- quired in the public schools and at an early age he began the study of law. In 1836 he ¥rent west first stopping at the frontier village of Daven- port in the " Black Hawk Purchase.*' He was admitted to the bar and be- gan to practice in Tipton, Cedar County and in 1842 he was elected to the Council of the Territorial Assembly from the District composed of the counties of Cedar, Jones and Linn. He served through the term of four years, in two regular and one extra session. In 1848 he was elected to the State Senate and was one of the leading members of the Second and Third General Assemblies. Soon after the expiration of his term, Mr. Cook moved to Davenport and entered into partnership with his brother, Ebenezer, in the practice of law. Soon after he became a member of the banking firm of Cook and Sargent which established banks at Iowa City, Des Moines and Florence, Nebraska. In 1852 Mr. Cook was nomi- nated by the Whigs of the Second District for Representative in Congress. The District then embraced the entire north half of the State and his Democratic competitor was Lincoln Clark then a member of Congress. Mr. Cook was elected by a majority of five hundred seventy-three and served but one term. When the Whig party disappeared Mr. Cook became a Democrat. He died in Davenport on the 16th of April, 1872.
DATUS E. COON was one of the pioneer newspaper men of Iowa. He established the first newspaper in Mitchell County, at Osage, in 1856, called the Detnocrai and supported the administration of James Buchanan. In 1868 he established a paper called the Cerro Oordo PresB, at Mason City, the first in the county. Two years later, in 1860, he moved to Elling- ton and there established the first paper published in Hancock County. When the Civil War began he received authority from Governor Kirk- wood to raise a company for the Second Iowa Cavalry. It became Com-
60 HISTORY
pany I in the organizatioii of the regiment. He wae a gallant soldier and WEB promoted to major in September, 1881, to colonel in 1864 and bre- vetted Brigadier-General in March, 1866. He located in Alabama at tha close of the war and was elected to the Legislature daring the recon- struction period. Mr. Goon was appointed by President Hayes Ck)n8ul to Babaca, Cuba. In 1876 he went to San Diego, California, as Superintend- ent of the Chinese Exclusion Law, where he was killed by the accidental discharge of a pistol on the 17th of December, 1803.
6E0ROE B. CORKHILL, lawyer, soldier and editor, was born in Harrison County, Ohio, in 1838. In 1847 the family removed to Iowa, locating at Mount Pleasant. He graduated from the Wesleyan Univer^ sity of Mount Pleasant, afterwards taking the law course at Harvard University. He was admitted to the bar at Mount Pleasant and began practice; but in 1862 entered the Union army, having been appointed bj President Lincoln Commissary of Subsistence and assigned to the Army of the Potomac, where he served until the close of the war, having been pro- moted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. After leaving the army be be- came a law partner of A. H. Bereman at St. Louis for a time but re- turned to Mount Pleasant and in 1869 was appointed District Attorney of the First District. He was later appointed clerk of the United States Dis- trict Court for Iowa. Mr. Corkhill was for some time private secretary to Senator Harlan and was special agent of the Department of the Interior under him. He was editor-in-chief of the Washington Chronicle for some time. In 1880 he was appointed by President Hayes United States Dis^ trict Attorney for the District of Columbia and acquired national fame in conducting the prosecution of Guiteau, the assassin of President Gar- field. He also prosecuted the suits against the famous "Star Route" officials. Colonel Corkhill was a life-long Republican. His first wife was Olive B. Miller, the eldest daughter of Judge Samuel F. Miller, Iowa member of the United States Supreme Court. Colonel Corkhill died at Mount Pleasant July 6, 1886, from disability contracted during the war.
JOHN M. CORSE was bom April 27, 1835, at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. In 1842 his father removed to the new Territory of Iowa, locating at Bur- lington. The son, John, after acquiring an education became a clerk in a drug and book store. In 1853 General A. C. Dodge, who was a friend of the father, secured the son an appointment in the Military Academy at West Point. After two years' instruction he left the Academy and en- gaged in business with his father at Burlington. Later he studied law with C. Ben Darwin, finally took the law course at Albany, New York, and was admitted to the bar. He was a "Douglas Democrat" and in 1860 received the nomination of that party for Secretary of State, but with his party was defeated. When the Civil War began he helped raise men
OF IOWA 61
for the First Battery of Light Artillery. Soon after he received the ap- pointment of major of the Sixth Regiment of Infantry and was in the Battle of Shiloh. In May he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and was in command of the regiment. In March, 1863, he was commissioned colonel and in August was promoted to Brigadier-Creneral. In 1864 he was in Sherman's great campaign through the Gulf States and greatly distin- guished himself by an heroic defense of Allatoona against an assault by a greatly superior force. He served with distinction to the dose of the war and was brevetted Major-General of volunteers in April, 1866. In 1867 he was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue in Chicago. He was one of the incorporators of the Texas Pacific Railroad Company. In 1871 he removed to Boston where in 1886 he was appointed postmaster. He died in that city on the 27th of April, 1803.
AYLETT R. COTTON was bom in Austintown, Ohio, November 29, 1826. He received a liberal education and first engaged in school teach- ing. In 1844 he came with his father's family to Iowa and located at De Witt in Clinton County, where he began to study law. After making a journey to California, he began the practice of his profession at De Witt in 1861. He was elected county judge serving two years and then became Prosecuting Attorney. Removing to Lyons he became mayor of the city in 1855. He was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1856 and took an active part in framing the new Constitution. Mr. Cotton was elected to the House of the Twelfth General Assembly in 1867, was reelected at the close of his term and chosen Speaker of the House in the session of 1870. He was elected to Congress in the fall of 1870, serving two terms, having been a Republican from the time of the organization of that party. He removed to California.
ROBERT G. COUSINS was bom in Cedar County, Iowa, in 1859, graduated from Cornell College, Mount Vernon, having finished his course in 1881 and was admitted to the bar the following year. In the fall of 1885 he was elected to the House of the Twenty-first General Assembly and at the session of the Senate held in 1887 to try the impeachment charges preferred against J. L. Brown, Auditor of State, Mr. Cousins was chosen by the House to act as one of the prosecutors. The Senate acquit- ted the auditor; but it was conceded that the prosecution was ably con- ducted and Mr. Cousins' argument was an eloquent presentation of the case and brought the young lawyer into prominence. In 1888 he was chosen Prosecuting Attorney and Presidential elector in the Fifth Dis- trict. In 1892 he was nominated by the Republicans of the Fifth District for Representative in Congress and elected by a plurality of 1,098. He has been repeatedly reelected, serving in the Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, Fifty- sixth and Fifty-seventh Congresses and has won the reputation of being
62 mSTOBY
one of the most eloquent public speakers in the House of Represent*- tives.
JOHN COWNIE was born in Alyth, Perthshire, Scotland, December 8, 1843. The family coming to America located in Scott County, Iowa, when the son was but twelve years of age. His education began in Scotland and after coming to this country he, by hard study, qualified himself for teach- ing. He became deeply interested in farming and became an active and enterprising member of the Swine Breeders' Association, Iowa Draft and Coach Horse Association, the Improved Stock Breeders' Association, and in 1804 became one of the directors of the State Agricultural Society. In 1896 he was chosen one of the presidential electors on the Republican ticket, and in 1898 was elected President of the State Agricultural Society. When the State Board of Control was established, Mr. Cownie was ap- pointed one of its members by Governor Shaw.
PHILIP M. CRAPO is a native of Freetown, near New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he was bom June 30, 1844. In youth he enjoyed excellent educational advantages, but chose to forego a college career that he might enlist in the Third Massachusetts Infantry, serving in the east- em department. After the war he became a civil engineer in Michigan and was engaged in the State offices at Detroit in the preparation of the Military History of Michigan. In 1868 Mr. Crapo came to Iowa as the representative of the Connecticut Mutual life Insurance Company which he served in various capacities for more than twenty-one years. He has always been a public spirited citizen and aided materially in numerous important enterprises in Burlington. He assured the establishment of the Burlington Free Public Library and has recently made possible the erection of a permanent home for it by subscribing half the cost of a beautiful building. He was also chiefly instrumental in providing a public park for Burlington which bears his name. Mr. Crapo assured the success of the Semi-Centennial Celebration of the admission of the State into the Union, which was held in Burlington in 1896, serving as President of the Board of Commissioners which had charge of the enterprise. He was largely in- strumental in securing the establishment of the Soldiers' Home at Mar- shalltown and delivered the address on behalf of the soldiers at the dedica- tion of the building.
SAMt^L A. CRAVATH, physician and journalist, was born at Con- neaut, Pennsylvania, September 27, 1836. He entered the preparatory department of Oberlin College in 1862, graduating in 1858. On account of his high standing as a classical student he was chosen to teach Greek and Latin while pursuing his studies and also taught district school during vacations to defray his expenses. After graduating he became principal of Madison Seminary and later superintendent of the schools of Madison,
OF IOWA 63
studying medicine in the meantime. In 1864 he received the degree of M. D. from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. He began the practice of medicine at Springfield, Ohio, but removed to Iowa in 1865, locating at Mitchell, where he established the MitoheU County News in 1869. In January, 1872, he purchased a half interest in the OrinneU Herald, where for a time he was associated with Albert Shaw, the founder of the Review of Reviews. Dr. Cravath retained editorial management ol the Herald until 1890. He has held large business interests in Grinnell and has served as one of the trustees of Iowa College.
MARCELLUS M. CROCKER, lawyer and soldier, was born in Johnson County, Indiana, February 6, 1830. With his father's family he came to Jefferson County, Iowa, in 1844, where he attracted the notice of Shepherd I>fi9er, who was a member of Congress living at Burlington. When Crocker was sixteen years of age he had acquired an education. Leffler and General A. C. Dodge, who was a United States Senator, joined in se- curing him the appointment of cadet in the Military Academy at West Point. He entered upon his military education, but the death of his father made it necessary for him to leave the Academy before he could graduate. It was in the fall of 1849 when he returned home to look after the affairs of his father's estate that he entered the office of Judge Olney and took up the study of law. In the course of two years he was ad- mitted to the bar and began practice at Lancaster, in Keokuk County. In the spring of 1854 he removed to Des Moines and entered into partnership with D. O. Finch. In 1857 he and P. M. Casady became partners in the practice of law and soon after J. S. Polk became a member of the firm. Mr. Crocker became in a few years one of the most prominent and suc- cessful lawyers in central Iowa. He was attending court at Adel when the news of the firing on Fort Sumter was received. He returned to Des Moines and made a thrilling address at a war meeting. From this time forward he was an imcompromising Union man, supporting Lincoln's ad- ministration, although he had been a firm Democrat from boyhood. He at once began to raise a company for the war, which became Company D of the Second Volunteer Infantry, of which he was commissioned captain. He won rapid promotion and in October, 1862, was conmiissioned Colonel of the Thirteenth Infantry. In the winter following he was promoted to a Brigadier-General. He took an active part in the battles of Shiloh and Corinth, and in the latter commanded a brigade which was composed of the Eleventh, Thirteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Iowa regiments and became one of the most famous of the Army of the Tennessee. He was promoted to Major-General and placed in command of the Seventh Division of the Seventeenth Army Corps, which fought most gallantly with heavy loss at the battles of Jackson and Champion's Hill. In this campaign under the eye of General Grant, that great chieftain pronounced Crocker " competent to command an army." In 1863 he came home on sick leave. While in
64 mSTOBY
Des Moines the Republican State Convention wab in session, and there was a movement inaugurated to nominate him for Governor. But he de- clined the honor with the remark : " If a soldier is worth anything he can- not be spared from the field; if he is worthless, he will not make a good Grovemor." His last active service in the Civil War was with Sherman in the march to the sea, where his health began to fail. Early in the summer he was transferred to a command in New Mexico where it was hoped the climate would be beneficial to him. But he was already stricken with a fatal malady and in June, 1865, he went to Washington where he was prostrated with sickness, but lingered until August 26, when he passed away at the early age of thirty-five.
HENRY J. B. CUMMINGS was bom at Newton, New Jersey, May 31, 1831. He was educated in the public schools of Pennsylvania and at the age of nineteen became editor of a newspaper in Schuylkill County. He studied law, was admitted to the bar at Williamsport, Pennsylvania; but in 1856 removed to Iowa, locating at Winterset. He was elected Prosecut- ing Attorney. When the war of the Rebellion began Mr. Cunmiings helped raise Company F of the Fourth Infantry and was elected captain. In September, 1862, he was appointed by Governor Kirkwood oolonel of the Thirty-ninth Volunteer Infantry, serving until 1865. Upon his return home he became the editor of the Winterset Madisonian, In 1876 he was nominated by the Republicans of the Seventh District for Representative in Congress and elected, serving one term.
ALBERT B. CUMMINS, seventeenth Governor of Iowa, was bom in Greene County, Pennsylvania, February 15, 1850. He acquired a good education, attending Waynesburg College. In 1869 he came to Iowa and secured a position in the recorder's office of Clayton County at Elkader. Later he became a civil engineer and was engaged in the location and con- struction of the Richmond & Fort Wayne Railroad in Indiana. He studied law and in 1875 was admitted to the bar and began practice in Chicago. In January, 1878, he located at Des Moines, and in 1881 entered into part- nership with Judge George G. Wright and his son Thomas S. Wright. Soon after he entered the firm he was placed in charge of the litigation known as the barb wire conflict. The farmers of Iowa had organized the Protective Association to resist the exorbitant demands of the Washburn and Moen syndicate which had purchased many patents and sought to control the manufacture and fix the price of all wire fencing. Mr. Cum- mins was employed by the Farmers' Protective Association to fight the monopoly in the courts. The contest lasted several years. Mr. Cummins was obliged to meet the ablest patent lawyers in the country and equipped himself by a thorough study of patent law and decisions. To the surprise of the syndicate, its lawyers found the young Des Moines attorney a match for them on every point raised. In the end the monopoly was broken and
tT C^^^i^^iii^,
OF IOWA 65
Mr. Cummins had acquired State wide reputation as one of its ablest lawyers. In 1887 he was an independent candidate for Representative in the Twenty-second General Assembly and was elected over the Republican candidate. In 1802 he presided over the Republican State Convention and was chosen as one of the Presidential Electors on the Republican ticket. He was twice a candidate for United States Senator against Ex-Governor John H. Gear but was not successful. In 1806 he was President of the Republican State Convention and one of the Delegates to the National Con- vention. He served in the Presidential campaign as a member of the National Republican Committee. In 1901 he was nominated, after a not- able contest, as the Republican candidate for Governor of the State and elected by a large majority.
CHARLES F. CURTISS was bom near Galena, Illinois, December 12, 1863. About a year later the family removed to Story County, Iowa, and the son received his education in the public schools and at the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, graduating as president of the class. For three years Mr. Curtiss managed the home farm of a thousand acres and was engaged in importing and breeding fine stock. During President Harrison's administration he was appointed State Statistical Agent, and in 1891 became assistant director of the Experimental Station of the Iowa State College. Professor Curtiss succeeded Secretary James Wilson as Di- rector of the Experimental Station and Professor of Agriculture in 1807. He has a wide acquaintance among the agriculturists of the country and is a member of numerous organizations in which he has held the following positions: President of the Stock Breeders' Association, member of the executive committee of the International Live Stock Exposition, member of the executive committee of the American Association of Agricultural Col- leges and Experimental Stations. He has served as judge of stock at a large number of State Fairs, the Pan-American, Trans-Mississippi and International Expositions. He is a frequent contributor to American and foreign agricultural publications, and the results of his investigations have been translated and republished in foreign countries.
GEORGE M. CURTIS was born in Oxford, Chenango County, New York, April 1, 1844. He was reared on a farm and in 1856 came with his parents to Ogle County, Illinois, and completed his education at Rock River Seminary, Mount Morris. He located at Clinton, Iowa, in 1867 and engaged in the lumber business. In the fall of 1887 he was nominated by the Republicans of Clinton County for Representative in the Twenty-second General Assembly. He was a delegate to the NatioAal Republican Con- vention of 1802 and in 1894 was nominated for Representative in Congress for the Second District. It had long been represented by a Democrat but Mr. Curtis overcame the Democratic majority and was elected by a plu-
[Vol. 4]
66 HISTORY
rality of 3,320. de was reelected and at the close of his second term declined a third.
SAMUEL R. CURTIS was bom in Ohio on the 3d of February, 1807. He entered the Military Academy at West Point and graduated in 1831. At the beginning of the War with Mexico he was appointed Adjutant General of Ohio and soon after was commissioned Ck)lonel of the Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served with distinction through the war and was military governor of several of the captured cities. In 1847 he re- moved to Keokuk, Iowa and was for several years chief engineer of the Bes Moines River improvement. He became civil engineer for several railroads constructed in Iowa, Indiana and Illinois. In 1858 he was nomi- nated by the Republicans of the First District for Representative in Con- gress and elected, serving until 1861, when he resigned his seat to enter the military service. He was the first colonel of the Second Iowa Infantry and was soon promoted to Brigadier-Oeneral. He commanded the Union army in the Battle of Pea Ridge where he won a brilliant victory over supe- rior numbers. Oeneral G. M. Dodge, one of the ablest of the higher officers from Iowa writes of that battle:
"Probably no one had a better opportunity than I to judge of the battle. My command opened the battle, and I think was the last to fire a ffun. General Curtis, the commander of that army, was entitled to the fun credit of that great victory. The battle virtually cleared up the south- west and allowed all our forces to concentrate on or east of the MississippL General Curtis had under him as the division commanders several experi- enced, educated soldiers, who performed their duties with great ability, but it was General Curtis who met and defeated on their own ground, three hundred miles away from any base, twice his number. He was attacked in the rear and on the flank with great force, the fighting lasting three days, and he defeated, yes, virtually destroyed. Van Dorn's army.**
General Curtis was promptly promoted to Major-General in rec- ognition of his great victory and given command of the Department of Missouri. After a vigorous campaign a clique of unscrupulous politicians of Missouri secured his removal and he was transferred to the Department of Kansas where he won additional honors. He was the first Major-Greneral from Iowa, the only one who commanded an independent army. He was never defeated in battle and it was not credit- able to the administration that a commander so able and successful should have been displaced from a Department where he had won enduring fame.
MARSENA E. CUTTS was bom at Orwell, Addison County, Vermont, May 22, 1833. He received a liberal education and came to Iowa in June, 1855, settling in Poweshiek County. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and in 1858 was elected Prosecuting Attorney of that county and served as Representative in the Legislature for the extra session of 1861. In 1863
^^-^ Ji-,h-zi.^g-UUjLL
OF IOWA 67
he was elected Senator for the Twenty-sixth District, composed of the counties of Iowa and Poweshiek, serving in the Tenth and Eleventh Gen- eral Assemblies. In 1872 he was appointed by €k)vemor Carpenter Attor- ney-General of the State to fill a vacancy. In November of the same year he was elected to a full term of two years and reelected in 1874. In 1880 he was nominated by the Republicans of the Sixth District for Repre- sentative in Congress and in a very close vote was awarded the certificate of election. He served a part of the term but his election being contested by John C. Cook his Democratic competitor, the seat was finally awarded to him. In 1882 Mr. Cutts was again nominated for Representative in Congress in the Fifth District and was elected by a plurality over each of his competitors. He died before the expiration of his term in the prime of life. He was a lawyer, legislator and public speaker of marked ability and for many years one of the leaders of the Republican party of Iowa.
MARK A. DASHIELL, a pioneer in central Iowa, was born in Dearborn County, Indiana, October 2, 1826. He received his education at Aurora and Wilmington in his native State and obtained the degree of M. D. fiom the Indiana Central Medical College at Indianapolis in 1851. Two years later he removed to Iowa, locating at Hartford, Warren County, where he en- tered upon the practice of medicine. He was one of the early Republicans of the State and was appointed a member of the Board of Medical Examin- ers of the Pension Bureau under Lincoln's administration and still holdif the position. Dr. Dashiell was elected Representative in the House of the Twelfth General Assembly, in 1868, and in 1872 was elected to the Senate, serving four years. In 1878 he was again elected to the Senate, thus serving in the General Assembly for a period of twelve years. During his term he was chairman of the committee on the suppression of intemper* ance and on reform schools. He has been a prominent member of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association and was a trustee of the State Reform Schools for ten years.
GEORGE DAVENPORT, in whose honor the city of Davenport was named, was born in England in 1783. He was a sailor in his youth and coming to New York in 1804 enlisted in the army and served ten years. In the spring of 1816 he was with the expedition under Colonel Lawrence which was sent to Rock Island to build a fort. After he was discharged from the army he engaged in trade with the Indians and in a few years built up a profitable business. In 1825 a post-office was established at Rock Island of which Mr. Davenport was appointed postmaster. In 182Q he became a member and agent of the American Fur Company and had charge of its business from the Iowa to the Turkey River. In the Black Hawk War he was quartermaster with the rank of coloneL He had built a residence on the lower part of Rock Island near the old fort and in 1835
68 mSTOBY
in company with six others purchased a large tract of land on the Iowa side of the Mississippi River, opposite the island. Here a town was platted which was called Davenport. In 1842 he rendered the Government valu- able service in assisting Governor Chambers in negotiating a treaty for the purchase of Iowa lands from the Sac and Fox Indians. On the Fourth of July, 1845, while alone in his house. Colonel Davenport was robbed and murdered. Three of the murderers were convicted and executed for the crime.
SAMUEL T. DAVIS, one of the pioneers of Sioux City, was bom in Meadville, Pennsylvania, August 15, 1828. His early education was ac- quired in Mercer County, of his native State, and at the age of twenty he entered the preparatory department of Allegheny College at Meadville, tak- ing a course which he thought would best serve him in a business career. After leaving college he first became principal of Greenville Academy, but having the practice of law in view soon began that study and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1855. Coming west he located at the frontier town of Sioux City in 1856, opening a law and real estate office. He has been the promoter of several important lines of railroad in Northwestern Iowa, Min- nesota, Dakota and Nebrasica, and has aided local manufacturing. Mr. Davis served as Register of the United States Land Office at Sioux City, under President Lincoln's- administration, and was elected on the Repub- lican ticket to the State Senate in 1868 to fill a vacancy. He was a Demo- crat until the fall of Sumter when he became a Republican. He was one of the founders of the Siouw City Journal.
TIMOTHY DAVIS was born in Newark, New Jersey, in March, 1794. He received but a common school education, went to Kentucky and studied law in 1816. He practiced his profession for twenty years in the State of Missouri and then removed to f^buque in Iowa. In 1847 he was nom- inated by the Whigs of the Second District for Representative in Con- gress but was defeated by Shepherd Leffler the Democratic candidate. He united with the Republicans upon the organization of that party and was elected to Congress in 1856 but retired at the end of the term.
JAMES G. DAY, jurist, was bom in Jefferson County, Ohio, June 28, 1832. In youth he attended Richmond Academy and afterwards graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in the class of 1857. He soon after located at Afton, in Union County, Iowa, where he entered upon the practice of his profession. In the fall of 1861, when it became evident that the Civil War was to be a long and desperate conflict. Mr. Day closed his law office and joined a military company which was incorporated into the Fifteenth Regiment of Infantry. He was chosen one of the lieutenants of Company F, and was soon at the seat of war, where for gallant service he was
OF IOWA 69
promoted to captain of the company. He was severely wounded at the Battle of Shiloh, so that he was compelled to relinquish his command and retired from the service in September, 1862. Before his return home he had been nominated by the Eepublicans for judge of the Third District, was elected and was serving his second term when appointed judge of the Supreme Court on the 1st of September, 1870, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Wright who had been elected to the United States Senate. He was continued on the Supreme bench by election until Janu- ary 1, 1884, serving as Chief Justice the last year of his term. He was defeated in convention for nomination in consequence of a decision ren- dered by the Court, declaring the prohibitory amendment proposed to the Constitution void, in consequence of failure of the Legislature to submit it to the voters in a legal manner. Judge Day wrote the opinion of the Court and thus incurred the opposition of enough prohibition dele- gates in the State Convention to accomplish his defeat. That Judge Day was actuated by the purest motives, in pronouncing this decision, has never been doubted and its soundness has been conceded by many of the ablest lawyers of the State. He removed to Des Moines and resumed the prac- tice of law, where he died suddenly on the 1st of May, 1898.
HENRY CLAY DEAN was bom in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, October 27, 1822. He was a graduate of Madison College, Pennsylvania, taught for a time and studied law. In 1845 he joined the Methodist Episcopal Conference of Virginia and began to preach in the mountain region of that State where he remained for four years. In 1850 he re- moved to Iowa, locating at Pittsburg, Van Buren County, where he preached through the Keosauqua circuit, joining the Fairfield Conference. Through the infiuence of General George W. Jones, one of our first United States Senators, Mr. Dean was chosen chaplain of the Senate. He was one of the trustees of the Iowa Wesleyan University at Mount Pleasant. Mr. Dean was admitted to the bar but did not practice law. He was a public speaker of rare eloquence and was frequently invited to deliver lectures, among which was a "Reply to Ingersoll," "The Constitution," "Declara- tion of Independence" and many other topics. During the Civil War he was arrested for disloyal utterances and confined in prison for several months by order of Government officials. Upon his release he wrote and published a book with the title, " Crimes of the Civil War." It was a bitter assault upon President Lincoln and the administration in the great work of subduing the Rebellion. He removed to a farm in Putnam County, Missouri, which he named " Rebel Cove " ; it was about four miles from a station on the C. B. & Q. Railroad where a postoffice was named Dean. Here he had gathered a great library which was destroyed by fire. He died on this farm February 6, 1887.
70 HISTORY
HORACE E. DEEMER was born on the 24th of September, 1858, at Bourbon, Marshall County, Indiana. In 1864 his parents, who were Quakers, removed to Iowa, making their home near the Quaker colony of Springdale, made famous by harboring John Brown while he drilled hia band for the Harper's Ferry raid. Here the young man began his educa- tion in the public schools, taking a course later in the High School at West Liberty and finally graduating from the State University at Iowa City. He first engaged in the furniture business at West Liberty but later took up the study of law and removing to Red Oak, entered upon the practice of his new profession. He met with marked success and was chosen chair- man of the Republican county committee and secretary of the county agri- cultural society. In November, 1886, he was elected a Republican judge of the Fifteenth Judicial District and at the close of the term was reelected but, before the expiration of his second term was appointed by Governor Jackson, Associate Judge of the Supreme Court. In 1898 he be- came Chief Justice, one of the youngest men who has attained that posi- tion in Iowa. In 1808 he was reelected. Judge Deemer has been one of the Lecturers at the Law Department of the State University, author of Synopsis of L^al Subjects; member of the State and American Bar As- sociations. He has written several opinions involving constitutional quci- tions.
NATHANIEL C. DEERING was bom in Denmark, Maine, on the 2d of September, 1827. He acquired a liberal education and taught school several winters. In 1850 he went with a party of gold seekers to California, by the Panama route. He remained there for two years and acquired a small fortune with which he returned home and established a paper mill. In 1856 his establishment was destroyed by fire. In September. 1855 he was elected to the Maine Legislature, serving two terms. In September, 1857 he removed to Iowa, locating at Osage, Mitchell ^o^^^t where he engaged in the lumber business. In July, 1861, while on a visit to Wash- ington, D. C, he was appointed to a clerkship in the Senate. In the spring of 1865 he was appointed special agent of the Post-office Department for Iowa, Minnesota and Nebraska, serving four years. In July, 1872. he was appointed National Bank Examiner, serving nearly five years. In 1876 he was elected to Congress on the Republican ticket, from the Fourth District and was twice rei^lected, serving until 1883.
ORSBORN W. DEIGNAN, the Iowa hero of the Merrimac, was bom at Stuart, Iowa, in February, 1877. His father was conductor of the pas- senger train which was wrecked near Grinnell in the tornado which de- stroyed the college and a large part of the town. Young Deignan was in- ^>-f«lr:ous and ambitious, taking an especial interest in history. At the age < '.' r.)urteen he went to the far West to make his own way in the world
E. DEGMER
OF IOWA 71
and shipped as a seaman. After several years he entered the seryice in the United States Navy and was first rifleman on the cruiser Lancaster. He enlisted in the Spanish- American Wir and to his disappointment was assigned to a coal boat, but by this means was enabled to be with Lieuten- ant Hobson in one of the most thrilling episodes of our naval history — ^the sinking of the Merrimac in the channel of Santiago Harbor. Through the efforts of the Iowa delegation in Congress Deignan was offered a course of study in the Naval Academy at Annapolis, which he declined. He has since sprved in the navy as boatswain and has visited many parts of the world in the various cruises.
JESSE W. DENISON, founder of the county-seat of Crawford County, was born in Albany County, New York, April 9, 1818. His early life was passed on his father's farm and his education begun at the Academy of Schoharie Court House. He entered Union College, graduating in 1844. Later he studied theology in New York City and Covington, Kentucky, graduating in 1846. Mr. Denison came to Crawford County, Iowa, in 1856, as agent for the Providence Western Land Company which, through him, acquired 21,000 acres of land in Crawford, 3,000 in Harrison and 1,000 acres each in Shelby and Pottawattamie counties. He laid out the town of Denison and for many years worked for its interests in securing the county-seat and railroad connections. He organized the Baptist church during the first year and was its pastor until 1863. He was active in the promotion of education and the establishment of schools and for twenty years was untiring in all good work to develop the new country where he had settled. In politics he was a Republican and in 1859 was elected Rep- resentative for the district composed of the counties of Crawford, Monona, Carroll and Greene, serving in the regular session of the Eighth General Assembly and the war session of May, 1861.
MICHAEL L. DEVTN was bom in Morgan County, Ohio, January 23, 1823. He received a common school education and while a young man re- moved to Macon County, Illinois, and from there to Des Moines, Iowa, in the spring of 1855, where he engaged in selling goods until 1860, when he entered eight hundred acres of Government land seven miles south of the dty where he opened a farm, planting a large orchard and engaged ex- tensively in breeding fine stock. He was an intelligent farmer and a citizen of wide influence. He was active among the *' Grange " reformers and from the beginning took a deep interest in the barb wire contest. He was elected president of the Farmers' Protective Association and served several years during the time of the continued litigation with the Washburn Syn- dicate. At one time when the attorney of the Association failed to appear on the day set for an important trial before Judge McCrary, United 8tate« Circuit Judge, the attorney of Washburn moved for judgment against the
72 HISTORY
association by default. Mr. Devin was present and asked permission of the judge to appear for the association of which he was president. Hie judge consented and upon explanation by Mr. Devin, he refused to have a default entered and postponed the case until the attorney could be present. At another time a bond of $50,000 was required to be given by the asso- ciation and Mr. Devin soon made it up through his influence among busi- ness men who had implicit confidence in his management and judgment. Mr. Devin raised the money to pay for the first car load of wire to start the farmers' free factory and all through the struggle with the syndicate was a tower of strength to the association. He was active, alert, full of resources to meet and overcome all obstacles and never for a moment con- templated or feared defeat. In 1878 he was nominated by both the Demo- crats and Greenback party for State Treasurer but the Republican majority was too large to be overcome and he was not elected, although he received a large vote.
WILLIAM DEWEY was bom on the 26th of March, 1811, in the town of Sheffield, Massachusetts, was educated at West Point Military Academy and later studied law with his father and was admitted to the bar of Indiana in 1836. After practicing law a few years he studied medicine at the St. Louis Medical College, then came to Iowa, becoming a resident of Wapello County in 1842. In 1850 he was one of the commissioners ap- pointed to settle the disputed boundary line between Iowa and Missouri. After completing that work he removed to Sidney, Fremont County, where he was engaged in the practice of medicine when the Rebellion began. Early in 1861 he assisted Colonel Hugh T. Reid to raise the Fifteenth Iowa Infantry, was commissioned lieutenant-colonel and was with it in the Battle of Shiloh and the siege of Corinth. In August, 1862, he was promoted to colonel of the Twenty-third Iowa Infantry. While in command of that regiment at Patterson, Missouri, he died of erysipelas on the 30th of No- vember, 1862.
PETER A. DEY was bom at RomiQus, Seneca County, New York, January 27, 1825. He received his education in the public schools and at Geneva College, New York. He became a civil engineer and moved to Iowa City, Iowa, where he followed his profession in railroad construction. It was while in the line of his profession that a supreme test of the char- acter of the man was made. The notorious " Credit Mobilier of America " had been organized by Thomas C. Durante Oliver Ames, Cakes Ames and other capitalists for the purpose of constructing the Pacific Railroad. The €k)vernment subsidies granted for the construction of the road amounted to the enormous sum of $64,000 a mile for a part, and $96,000 a mile for the remainder. Peter A. Dey was the chief engineer of the construction, and having made a survey of the first hundred miles reported that it could be
J'^T^^^^^^^^^^^,^
OF IOWA 73
constructed for $30,000 per mile. The Government was offering $32,000 and an enormous land grant in addition for this portion of the road. An article in 8oribner*8 Monthly for March, 1874, tells the story of how the Credit Mobilier made a profit of $5,000,000 in building two hundred and forty-six miles of the road. The following illustrates the stem integrity of the Iowa man who was Chief Engineer.
" When his estimate was made to the Directors, it was returned to him with orders to retouch it unth higher colors, to put in emhankmenta on paper where none existed on earth, to make the old emhanhmenta heavier, to increase the expense generally, and he was requested to send in his estimate that it would cost $50,000 per mile. When Mr. Dey was informed
that this part of the road was let to ' at $60,000 per mile,
which he knew could be done for $30,000, this difference amounting to $5,000,000 on the two hundred and forty-six miles, he resigned his position as Chief Engineer in a noble letter to the president of the road. He closed that letter with this statement : ' My views of the Pacific Road are per- haps peculiar. I look upon its managers as trustees of the bounty of Con- gress. . . . You are doubtless informed how disproportioned the amount to be paid is to the work contracted for. I need not expatiate on the sin- cerity of my course, when you reflect upon the fact that I have resigned tiie best position in my profession this country has offered to any man.' **
This fidelity to public interest is the one bright spot in that disgrace- ful era of corruption which reached into Congress and blackened the reputation of scores of public officials. It is not strange that Peter A. Dey, whose stem integrity was thus tested, should have been chosen as the Democratic member of the Commission which built the State House, a work which for all time will stand as a monument to the ability and integrity of Robert S. Finkbine, Peter A. Dey and John G. Foote. In 1878, upon the creation of the State Railroad Commission, Mr. Dey was ap- pointed by the €k)vernor a member, where he served until the Commis- sion was reorganized and the commissioners were elected by the people. Notwithstanding the fact that the State was strongly Republican, Peter A. Dey, a life- long Democrat, was elected and served continuously (with the exception of one year) until 1805. Mr. Dey has been president of the First National Bank of Iowa City more than sixteen years.
JOHN F. DILLON was born in Montgomery County, New York, De- cember 25, 1831. His parents removed to Davenport in 1838, then a fron- tier village in the new Territory of Iowa. Here the son was educated in the common schools and when seventeen began the study of medicine with Dr. E. S. Barrows. He attended medical lectures at the Keokuk Medical College but finally concluded to study law. He entered the office of John P. Cook and pursued his legal studies until admitted to the bar in 1852. Soon after he was elected Prosecuting Attorney and rose rapidly in the profession until, in 1858, he was elected judge of the Seventh District. He served with distinction four years and in 1863 was nominated by the Re-
74 HISTORY
publican State Convention for Judge of the Supreme Court. He was elected and in 1868 became Chief Justice. In 1869 he was reelected for six years but before qualifying was appointed by President Grant United States Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit, consisting of the States of Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Nebraska, Minnesota and Colorado. In 1860 he was made lecturer on Legal Jurisprudence in the State University of Iowa. He was the founder and editor of the Central Law Journal and author of a ** Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Iowa," as well as five volumes of United States Circuit Court Reports from 1871 to 1880. In 1879 he resigned the Circuit Judgeship (a life appointment) and removed to New York City where he had been chosen Professor of Real Estate and Equity Jurisprudence of the Law Department of Columbia College. In 1801-2 he was Lecturer on Municipal Law in Yale College. In 1892 he was chosen president of the American Bar Association. He has long had charge of the legal business of the Union Pacific Railroad Com- pany, the Western Union Telegraph Company and the Manhattan Elevated Railroad Company. He has found time to continue his law writing as the author of a "Commentary on the Law of Municipal Corporations," pub- lished in 1872, which has run through four editions; ''Removal of Causes from State Courts to Federal Courts," published in 1875, which has passed through three editions; "Laws and Jurisprudence of England and Amer- ica," being a series of lectures delivered before Yale University, published in Boston in 1896. Judge Dillon's works have had a large sale in Eng- land as well as in America, some editions having been published in Lon- don. In this country they were from the first recognized as standard legal authority. He is the author of many pamphlets on legal and historical affairs, and one of the most elegant memorial volumes that has appeared in this country, in memory of his wife and daughter who were lost at sea in July, 1808. His wife was the accomplished daughter of Hon. Hiram Price, long member of Congress from the Second Iowa District. From a boyhood of poverty and obscurity, but endowed with remarkable intellec- tual powers and untiring energy, John F. Dillon has by force of character, during a life of continuous work, reached the summit of ihe American Bar.
JOHN N. DIXON was bom in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, February 20, 1821. His education was acquired at Friends Academy, Mount Plea- sant, Ohio, and continued by a classical course in a college at Athens. After graduation he returned to the farm and gave special attention to horticulture. In 1866 he removed to Mahaska County, Iowa, where he planted what was then the largest orchard in the State. He became a prominent member of the State Horticultural Society, making valuable practical contributions to its literature, founded upon his experimental work. In 1869 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate, serving in the Thirteenth General Assembly. He was for several years a
OF IOWA 75
trustee of the Iowa Agricultural College. He discovered a remedy for the ravages of the " curculio " for which he was awarded a prize by the State Horticultural Society. He died in December, 1883.
JACOB W. DIXON was bom in New Castle County, Delaware, on the 25th of December, 1832. His education was acquired in the common schools and Unionville Academy, Pennsylvania, with a two years' course at the Law School at Poughkeepsie, New York, where he graduated in 1855. He came to Iowa in 1856, locating at Ottumwa, where he began the practice of his profession. In 1861 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate from Wapello County, serving in the regular and extra sessions of 1862 and the regular session of 1864. In 1866 Mr. Dixon was chosen Secretary of the Senate of the Eleventh General Assembly. In 1873 a powerful movement of the people in favor of the legislative control of railroads had resulted in the organization of an Antimonopoly party to secure the desired legislation. J. W. Dixon was elected to the House of the Fifteenth Grcneral Assembly on this ticket. The Republicans had elected fifty members of the House and the entire opposition numbered fifty, and at a conference held Mr. Dixon was selected as the candidate for Speaker upon whom all could unite. John H. Gear was the Republican candidate. For twelve days the contest was waged with great earnestness, each candidate receiving fifty votes on every ballot. Finally when every effort to organize the House had failed, Mr. Dixon consented to a compromise which ended the deadlock by the election of Mr. Gear. Mr. Dixon's last public service was as a member of the Sixteenth General Assembly. He died on the 1st of January, 1889.
AUGUSTUS C. DODGE, son of General Henry Dodge, was bom at St. Genevieve, then in the Territory of Louisiana, January 2, 1812. In 1827 the family removed to Galena, Illinois, where General Dodge was placed in command of a military force and caused block-houses to be erected to protect the settlers against the hostile Winnebago Indians. Au- gustus grew up amid the stirring events of frontier life and while a youth joined a military expedition against the Indians. He there made the ac- quaintance of a young man, George W. Jones and the two became warm friends. As they camped and campaigned together over the wild prairies there was nothing to indicate that in the near future they were destined to work together in founding a new State of which they were to become the first United States Senators. At the beginning of the Black Hawk War, Augustus G. Dodge was chosen lieutenant of a military company and served as an aid to his father. In 1838 Mr. Dodge was appointed Register of the United States Land Office at Burlington in the new Terri- tory of Iowa, making that place his permanent home. In 1839 he was commissioned Brigadier-General of militia by Governor Lucas. In 1840
76 HISTORY
he was nominated by the Democrats for Delegate ^n Congress and was elected over Alfred Rich, the Whig candidate. He was twice reelected, serving imtil Iowa became a State in 1846. In December, 1848, Augustus C. Dodge and his friend, Qeorge W. Jones, were elected to represent Iowa in the United States Senate. Seven years before, Mr. Dodge and his father sat together in the House as Delegates from Iowa and Wisconsin; now they met as Senators from the same States; the only instance of the kind in the history of the country. During the long conflict over slavery, Gen- eral A. G. Dodge supported the " Gompromise of 1850," and followed the lead of Stephen A. Douglas in voting for the famous doctrine of '' Squatter Sovereignty." He remained in the Senate imtil 1855 when the Democratic party lost control of the State and by a union of all of the " Free Soil " elements in the Fifth General Assembly he was succeeded by James Harlan. Thereupon President Pierce appointed General Dodge Minister to Spain where he served until 1859, when he resigned and returned home. The Democratic State Convention in June nominated him for Governor, and he made a vigorous canvass of the State but was defeated by Samuel J. Kirkwood. In 1860 the Democratic members of the Eighth General As- sembly gave him their votes for United States Senator. During his long public career General Dodge gave his State faithful and valuable service in every position intrusted to him. He won the respect and esteem of its citizens of both political parties. He died on the 20th of November, 1883.
GRENVILLE M. DODGE was bom in Putnamville, Danvers County, Massachusetts, on the 12th of April, 1831. He received a liberal educa- tion, having graduated as a civil engineer from Norwich University in 1850. He then entered a military school from which he graduated the fol- lowing year. Mr. l)odge went to Illinois, locating at Peru, where he en- gaged in land surveying. In 1851 he secured a position with the Illinois Central Railroad Company and was employed in surveying the line from Dixon to Bloomington. Soon after he was employed in surveying the line of the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad from Davenport to Council Bluffs. In 1854 he removed^ to Council Bluffs and engaged in overland freighting across the plains to Colorado. He also became a member of the banking firm of Baldwin & Dodge. During the years from 1854 to 1860 he was engaged in surveying a line for the Union Pacific Railroad. At the be- ginning of the Rebellion he was appointed on the staff of Governor Kirk- wood and, going to Washington, secured for Iowa 6,000 muskets to arm the regiments being organized. When the Fourth Iowa Infantry was or- ganized Dodge was appointed colonel. His regiment was sent to Missouri and was actively engaged in the battles of Sugar Creek and Pea Ridge. He was severely wounded in the latter where he held the extreme right and lost one-third of his command. He was promoted to Brigadier-General and assigned by General Grant to the command of the Second Division of the Army of the Tennessee. In the campaigns which followed General
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OF IOWA 77
Grant recognized General Dodge as one of his ablest officers. He said of the Iowa commander : " Besides being a most capable soldier General Dodge was an experienced railroad builder. At one time he constructed more than one hundred miles of railroad and built one hundred eighty- two bridges, many of them over wide chasms." He was with Sherman's army in the march to the sea and was promoted to Major-General for gal- lant services. In November, 1864, General Dodge >wa8 placed in command of the Department of Missouri by order of General Grant. In January, 1865, the Departments of Kansas, Nebraska and Utah were added to his command, where he served to the end of the war. A history of his military services would ftll a volume, and frequent mention of them will be found in the volume on the Civil War. In July, 1868, he was nominated for Rep- resentative in Congress for the Fifth District and elected. While a mem- ber of that body he was the recognized authority on all subjects relating to the army, and was prominent in promoting the act for putting the army on a peace footing. He was an active supporter of the legislation promot- ing internal improvements in the West, and was regarded as the sagacious leader who had accomplished difficult tasks in railway construction in that then wild country. He declined a reflection, preferring to give his entire time and energies to the construction of the Union Pacific Railway, includ- ing the building of the great bridge across the Missouri River between Council Bluffs and Omaha. As an able military commander General Dodge had received the warmest indorsements of the three great chiefs of the War Department — Secretary Stanton, Grenerals Grant and Sherman; so also after his services in the construction of the Union Pacific Railway he received testimonials of his remarkable efficiency and ability from the highest officials of the company. During his busy life since the war and the construction of the first great line of railway across the continent. General Dodge has served as president, chief engineer or director in the construction companies of the following railway enterprises: American Railway Improvement Company of Colorado, 1880; International Railway Improvement Company of Colorado, 1880; Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway Company, 1880; Texas and Colorado Railway Construction Com- pany, 1881; Oriental Construction Company, 1882; Fort Worth and Den- ver Railway Company, 1889; St. Louis, Des Moines and Northern Railway Company, 1884; Des Moines Union Railway Company, 1884; Colo- rado and Texas Construction Company, 1887; Iron Steamboat Company, 1888; Denver, Texas and Fort Worth Railway Company, 1889; Des Moines and Northern Railway Company, 1890; Western Indus- trial Company, 1891; Wichita Valley Railway Company, 1891; Union Padflc, Denver and Gulf Railway Company, 1891. Although for many years residing in New York to superintend his multitude of great business enterprises. General Dodge has retained his loyalty to his Iowa home and never ceased to keep intimate relations with his Iowa
78 HISTORY
friends of pioneer years. He has been president of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, and vice-president of the Grant Monument Associ- ation of New York. He recently had the remains of General Kinsman exhumed from the battlefield of Black River Bridge and buried at his old home at Council Bluflfs where he caused to be erected a fine monu- ment to the memory of his gallant comrade of war times.
WILLIAM W. DODGE, son of Senator Augustus C. Dodge, was born in Burlington, Iowa, April 25, 1854. He pursued his education in Notre Dame University, taking a scientific course and graduating in 18T4, then entering the State University he graduated from the Law Department in 1876, and began practice in his native city. Mr. Dodge is an earnest Demo- crat, inheriting a taste for politics. He has been a delegate to many State Conventions and was a delegate at large to the National Democratic Con- vention at St. Louis at which Grover Cleveland was nominated a second time. Mr. Dodge was elected to the State Senate in 1885, serving by re- flection in the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third and Twenty- fourth General Assemblies. Among the important acts of the Legis- latures of which he was the author during his term of service may be men- tioned— one to prohibit the employment of children under fifteen in fac- tories, workshops and mines; one making the first Monday in September a holiday known as Labor Day; and one to protect working people in the use of their labels and trade marks. Senator Dodge was one of the two members selected by the Senate to investigate charges made against the State University. In 1890 he was appointed Lieutenant- Colonel on the Btaff of Governor Boies.
JONATHAN P. DOLLIVER was born near Kingwood, in Preston County, West Virginia, on the 6th of February, 1858. He received a liberal education, graduating from the West Virginia University in 1875. He began the study of law and in 1878 came to Iowa, settling at Fort Dodge, where he was admitted to the bar and at once entered upon the practice of his profession. Mr. Dolliver developed a remarkable talent for public speaking and his services were in great demand in the State political cam- paigns. In August, 1884, Mr. Dolliver was chosen to preside over the Re- publican State Convention at Des Moines and his opening address, one of unusual eloquence, was his first introduction to the Republicans of the State. In 1886 he was one cf the most prominent candidates for nomin- ation for Congress in the Republican Convention of the Tenth District. In two years from that time he was nominated and elected by a plurality of 5.368. He has been continuously reelected since, serving up to the close of 1900, when he was appointed by Governor Shaw to fill a vacancy in the United States Senate. Mr. Dolliver has taken an active part as a public speaker in several National campaigns and won a wide fame as an orator
JONATHAN P DOI.LI'
OF IOWA 79
and lecturer of unusual power and eloquence. In his efforts to secure jus- tice to the settlers on the Des Moines River lands, Mr. Dolliver prevailed upon President Harrison to direct the United States Attomey-Greneral to begin an action in the name of the Government to forfeit the original grant. The case was tried in the United States District Court for Northern Iowa, where Judge Shiras decided against the Government, which decision was affirmed by the Supreme Court. No other remedy now being left, the settlers at last united in asking for indemnity. Mr. Dolliver thereupon secured the insertion of a section in the Sundry Civil Bill of 1893, making an appropriation for such indemnity and subsequent additional appropri- ations. Thus a tardy settlement of the long controversy was finally made. In 1902 Mr. Dolliver was elected to fill the unexpired term in the United States Senate occasioned by the death of Senator John H. Gear.
WILLIAM G. DONNAN was born at West Charleston, New York, on the 30th of June, 1834. He lived on a farm in boyhood and was edu- cated at Cambridge Academy. He entered Union College later and gradu- ated in 1856. In September of the same year he came to Iowa and located at Independence where he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1867. In September he was elected recorder and treasurer of the county and served until 1862, when he enlisted in the Union army and was elected lieutenant. He won rapid promotion in the service until he reached the rank of major before the close of the war. In 1867 he was elected to the State Senate on the Republican ticket, serving four years. He was largely instrumental in securing the establishment of the Hospital for the Insane at Independence. In 1870 he received the Republican nomination for Repre- sentative in Congress for the Third District and was elected by a majority of 4,964. He was rei^lected in 1872, serving two terms, declining a third. In 1884 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention and voted for the nomination of President Arthur.
WILLIAM G. DOWS was born in Clayton County, Iowa, August 12, 1864. He was educated in the public schools of Cedar Rapids and Shat- tuck Military Academy from which he was graduated in 1883. Upon the organization of Company C, of the Iowa National Guard, he became a mem- ber and served in various positions finally attaining the rank of colonel of the regiment. When the Spanish- American War began, he became colo- nel of the Forty-ninth Iowa Infantry and served with his regiment for one year in Cuba. In 1897 Colonel Dows was elected on the Republican ticket to a seat in the House of Representatives in the Twenty-eighth Gen- eral Assembly from Linn County. He was rel^lected in 1899 serving in the following Legislature as chairman of the House committee on appropria- tions.
80 mSTOBY
FRANCIS M. DRAKE, fifteenth Governor of Iowa, was bom at Rusb- ville, Illinois, on the 30th of December, 1830, and removed to Iowa in 1837, locating at Fort Madison. Here he secured an education in the schools of that city and at the age of sixteen became a clerk in his father's store. Soon after the discovery of gold in California, he fitted out two ox teams to make the overland journey to the gold fields. At the Missouri River a caravan of several teams and twelve additional men was organized for mutual protection from hostile Indians. At a crossing of the Platte River the party was attacked by a band of Pawnees and a lively fight ensued, in which the emigrants were under the command of Mr. Drake. The Indians were finally defeated and the party, after several months on the plains, reached California in safety. He remained in California until the fall of 1852, when he returned to the States by water, crossing at Panama, where he was seized with a fever. In 1854 he again made the trip overland to Sacramento and, while returning by water, w:as shipwrecked. In 1861 he volunteered to help defend the Missouri border from invasion. Upon the organization of the Thirty-sixth Regiment of Iowa Infantry he was ap- pointed lieutenant-colonel and served three years in the Union army. He commanded at the Battle of Mark's Mills where he was severely wounded and taken prisoner. After his return to service he was brevetted a Briga- dier-€reneral of Volunteers. After the close of the war General Drake be- came extensively engaged in railroad building, acquiring large wealth. He became one of the founders of a college at Des Moines, to which he made large donations at various times, and which was named Drake University. The school is under the direction of the Christians, of which denomination General Drake is a prominent member. In 1895, General Drake was elected Governor of Iowa, on the Republican ticket, serving one term.
THOMAS DRUMMOND was born in the State of Virginia in 1833 and came to Iowa in 1855, making his home in Vinton, Benton County. He became the editor of the Vinton E<igle, a Republican journal, and in 1856 was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which nominated John C. Fremont for President. In 1857, when but twenty-five years of age, he was elected to represent Benton County in the House of the Seventh General Assembly. In 1860 he was promoted to a seat in the Senate and secured the location of the Asylum for the Blind at Vinton and an appro- priation for the erection of a building for its home. At the beginning of the Rebellion he raised a company of volunteers and was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry. After several months serv- ice he received a commission in the regular army and was attached to the Fifth United States Cavalry. He was a gallant officer during the war and was mortally wounded while bravely leading his men in a charge in Gen- eral Sheridan's army, in the last battle on Virginia soil, which resulted in the surrender of General Lee's army in April, 1865.
WARREN S. DUNGAN"
OF IOWA 81
JOHN F. DUNCOMBE, one of the pioneer lawyers and editors of northwestern Iowa, was bom in Erie County, Pennsylvania, October 22, 1831. After living on his father's farm until the age of sixteen, he entered Meadville preparatory school and finally graduated at Allegheny College. After admission to the bar in April, 1865, he went to Fort Dodge, Iowa, ard opened a law office. In 1856 he, in company with A. S. White established the first newspaper in northwestern Iowa — the Fort Dodge SentineL There was little law business on the frontier and Mr. Duncombe found time to write vigorous editorials for the Democratic party, of which he soon became one of the prominent leaders. When the Spirit Lake massacre in the spring of 1857 horrified the country, Mr. Duncombe was chosen captain of one of the companies which made up the relief expedi* tion which marched under Major Williams to the protection of the settlers. In 1859 Mr. Duncombe was elected to the State Senate of the Eighth Gen- eral Assembly, representing twenty counties of northwestern Iowa. He was an able and aggressive public speaker and for four years was the leader of his party in the Senate. Returning to the practice of his pro- fession, as the years passed by he became a great lawyer. He was one of the first to develop the coal mining interests of Fort Dodge and was always prominent in public enterprises to build up that city. He was the leading spirit in the construction of several railroads and long the attorney of the companies. He was twice elected to the Legislature from Republican dis- tricts, was for eighteen years a regent of the State University and one of the commissioners of the World's Columbian Exposition and one of the Commissioners who superintended the erection of the monument to the memory of the victims of the Spirit Lake Massacre. In 1872 he was chairman of the Iowa delegation in the National Democratic Convention and again held the same position in 1892. He was once a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor, twice a candidate for Congress and once a candidate for Supreme Judge. But being a life-long Democrat, living in a Repub- lican district and State, his election was hopeless. Had he been a Repub- lican he might have attained the highest official positions in the State. ^Ir. Dimcombe died at Fort Dodge, August 2, 1902.
WARREN S. DUNGAN was bom at Frankfort Springs, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, on the 12th of September, 1822. He was reared on a farm, attending school in the winter months and assisting in the work of the farm during the summers. When eighteen years of age he entered Frankfort Academy. He taught school winters, after leaving the academy, until he was twenty-eight, earning money to enable him to study law. He was admitted to the bar in 1856 and came to Iowa, locating at Chariton, where he opened a law office. In 1861 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate for four years. When the war began he was active in raising troops for the Union armies and in the organiza- tion of the Thirty-fourth Infantry, was appointed lieutenant-colonel, shar-
[Vol. 4]
82 fflSTOEY
ing all of the perils and glories of that regiment throughout its term of service. During the last year he was on the staff of Major-General G. G. Andrews, as Inspector-General. At the close of the war Golonel Dungan re- turned to Ghariton and resumed the practice of law. In 1872 he was a dele- gate to the National Republican Gonvention which nominated General Grant for a second term and was one of the presidential electors chosen in Novem- ber. In 1880 he was a member of the Eighteenth General Assembly and was reelected to the House of the mneteenth General Assembly. In 1887 he was again elected to the Senate and served a full term of four years. In 189H Golonel Dungan was nominated by the Republican State Gonvention for laeutenant-Govemor and elected by a plurality over Bestow, Democrat, of 36,904. His long legislative experience made him an accomplished Presi- dent of the Senate.
GLARK DUNHAM, one of the notable pioneer journalists of Iowa, was born at New Haven, Vermont, January 21, 1816. His father removed to Ohio when he was a child and Glark, after attending the public sdiools, entered Granville GoUege where he graduated. He acquired a knowledge of the printing business and with the aid of his father purchased the Ifeioark Gazette and for fourteen years was its editor and proprietor. In 1864 he removed to Burlington, Iowa, where, with the assistance of his brother-in-law, he purchased the Hawkeye, then a tri-weekly journal. When the Republican party was organized the Havokeye became one of the ablest exponents of its principles and Mr. Dunham developed into one of the most successful editors in the State. He knew how to make a news- paper before the era of telegraphs and daily papers. While he was not a voluminous writer, he knew just what the public wanted in a paper and gave it. The Hawkeye under his management was the best known and most influential paper in Iowa and became widely known throughout the West. Mr. Dunham was a trusted friend of James W. Grimes, Samuel J. Kirkwood, James F. Wilson and Samuel F. Miller. During the War of the Rebellion Mr. Dunham was one of the first to realize that it could only end with the destruction of slavery and the Hawkeye was striking sturdy blows against that renmant of barbarism while others were vainly at- tempting compromise. In 1867 Mr. Dunham was appointed postmaster of Burlington, which position he held until his death which occurred on the 12th of April, 1871.
WILLIAM McE. DYE was bom in Washington Gounty, Pennsylvania, January 26, 1831. He entered the Military Academy at West Point in July, 1849, graduating in 1853. He served as second lieutenant for several years in Galifomia and Texas and in May, 1861, was promoted to captain in the Eighth Infantry. He was living at. Marion, Iowa, in 1862 and Gov- ernor Kirkwood, anxious to find experienced military men qualified to take
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OF IOWA 83
command of the numerous Iowa regiments being organized, tendered the command of the Twentieth Volunteer Infantry to Captain Dye. He ac- cepted the position and was commissioned colonel. The regiment par- ticipated in the Vicksburg campaign and was for a long time in the Gulf Department. Colonel Dye proved to be an able officer and became a colonel in the regular army. In March, 1865, he was promoted to Brigadier-Gen- eral of volunteers. After the close of t!he war he returned to the regular army where he served until September, 1870, when he resigned and returned to Marion and engaged in farming. He went to Egypt after several years, where he became a high officer in the army of the Khedive and was severely wounded in one of the battles. He returned to America in 1879 and was made Superintendent of the Metropolitan Police of the District of Colum- bia. In 1888 Colonel Dye went to Corea where he became military adviser and Instructor-General of the king of that country. He introduced many reforms in the army equipment and arms. He wrote a valuable book on Egypt and Abyssinia and their military systems and, returning to Amer- ica in 1899, died at Muskegon, Michigan, in the same year.
JOSEPH DYSART was born in Huntington, Pennsylvania, on the 8th of July, 1820. He made a trip to Iowa as early as November, 1839, and was greatly pleased with the beauty and fertility of its vast imsettled prairies but preferred to remain in the East imtil the then new Terri- tory became better settled. In April, 1856, he returned with his family and became a resident of Vinton and for two years was editor of the Vinton Eagle, For many years he gave his chief attention to farming. In 1861 he was elected to the State Senate as a Republican to represent the Benton and Tama District. In 1869 he was again chosen from the same district to a full term of four years in the Senate. In 1873 he received the nom- ination for Lieutenant-Governor on the Republican ticket and was elected, serving one term. In 1884 he was elected one of the trustees of the State Agricultural College, having long been a helpful friend of that institu- tion. The town of Dysart, in Tama County, was named for him and was for many years his home, where he died on the 8th of September, 1893.
DAVID C. EARLY was one of the first settlers in Sac County, having ventured across the wild prairies to that region as early as May, 1856. He and his companion found a beautiful grove and staked off a claim, while Mr. Early went on foot to Sioux City to enter the land. His part- ner in the meantime was cutting logs for a cabin. It took Early six days to make the trip; as there were no bridges he had to wade the creeks and sloughs. There were but four or five cabins in the county, and they had the pick of as fine a country as the sun ever shone upon. Mr. Early taught the first school in the county, and soon after was appointed deputy treas- urer, transacting the business of the office. He has remained in the county
84 HISTORY
nearly fifty years, taking an active part in its development, the securing of railroads, and building up the flourishing town of Sac City. He was a native of Ohio, having been bom in Brown County, April 21, 1830. He studied law and was admitted to the bar before he left that State.
ENOCH W. EASTMAN was bom at Deerfield, New Hampshire, April 15, 1810. He was educated in the public schools with a few terms at an academy, and worked on his father's farm until the age of twenty-one when he began the study of law, practicing in his native State until the summer of 1844 when he removed to Iowa, locating at Burlington. Al- though a Democrat, he distinguished himself the first year of his residence in Iowa by taking the stump against the adoption of the Constitution re- cently framed by his party and helped to defeat it at the election. Dnder this Constitution the boundaries of the State would have extended north taking in a large portion of southeastern Minnesota and would have ex- cluded all of the Missouri slope west of a line running north and south from near the west side of Kossuth and Ringgold counties. Enoch W. Eastman, Theodore S. Parvin and Frederick D. Mills, all Democrats and young men, warmly opposed the adoption of such boundaries and influenced enough of their Democratic associates to unite with the Whigs to defeat the Constitution. This was one of the most important public services ever rendered the State. When Iowa was called upon to contribute a stone for the Washington monument in 1850, Enoch W. Eastman was the author of the inscription placed upon it : " Iowa — ^Her affections like the rivers of her borders, flow to an inseparable Union." Mr. Eastman removed to Oskaloosa in 1847 and to Eldora in 1857. When the Rebellion began he left the Democfatic party and united with the Republicans. In 1863 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor and in 1883 he was elected to the State Senate. He died on the 9th of January, 1886.
ARIEL K. EATON, one of the lawmakers of Iowa, was bom at Sut- ton, New Hampshire, on the 1st of December, 1813. His education was acquired in the public schools and for several years he was a teacher. In 1841 he located at Winchester, Indiana, where he was elected county audi- tor. He was admitted to the bar and for several years practiced law. In 1846 he removed to Delaware County, Iowa, where he built the second log cabin in the new town of Delhi. He was soon elected prosecuting attorney and afterwards county judge. In 1850 he was elected a repre- sentative in the Third Greneral Assembly and was chairman of the com- mittee on schools. He was reelected to the Fourth General Assembly which enacted the Code of 1851. Upon the establishment of the new United States Land Office at Decorah in 1855, Mr. Eaton was appointed by President Pierce receiver of public money. In 1856 the Land Office was removed to Osage and Mr. Eaton made that place his permanent home.
OF IOWA 85
After his retirement from office and the practice of law, General Eaton for many years contributed valuable historical articles to the press. He died July 14, 1896.
WILLAKD L. EATON is a native of Iowa, having been born at Delhi in Delaware Ck)unty, October 13, 1848. He is a graduate of the Law De- partment of the State University, and began tlie practice of law at Osage in Mitchell Ck)unty, in 1874. Mr. Eaton is the son of Hon. A. K. Eaton who was one of the prominent pioneer lawmakers of Iowa, and long a leader in the Democratic party. W. L. Eaton has been three terms mayor of Osage, and county attorney. In politics he is a Republican and in 1897 was elected to represent his county in the House of the Twenty-seventh Greneral Assembly. He was reelected to the Twenty-eighth General As- sembly and became a prominent candidate for Speaker, but not being chosen was made chairman of the committee of ways and means. He was again electc^^ serving in the Twenty-ninth General Assembly as Speaker of the House.
EZRA C. EBERSOLE is a native of Pennsylvania, having been born at Mount Pleasant, October 18, 1840. He was educated in the common schools, Otterbein University and Amherst College, graduating from the latter in 1862. He was employed as instructor for a time in the Tracy Institute on the Hudson. He served for some months in a Pennsylvania cavalry regiment in the Civil War; and in July, 1863, was chosen professor of mathematics and astronomy in Western College, linn County, Iowa. For two years he was professor of ancient languages in the State University. After numerous changes he settled in the law practice at Toledo. In 1882 he was elected reporter of the Supreme Court. During the time he held that position he collected the material and prepared for publication twenty- two volumes of Iowa Supreme Court Reports. He was for ten years a member of the executive committee of Western College and a portion of the time lecturer on constitutional law. He has prepared and pub- lished a valuable treatise on the laws of Iowa.
JOHN EDWARDS was bom in Jefferson County, Kentucky, October 24, 1815. He was educated in the schools of Louisville and when quite young removed to Indiana for the purpose of leaving a slave State. In 1848 he was elected to the Legislature, serving but one term. In 1852 he was elected to the State Senate by the Whigs. He had inherited slaves from his father's estate in Kentucky but abhorring the system, he liberated them and gave them property with which to begin life in Indi- ana. In 1853 Mr. Edwards removed to Iowa, settling in Chariton, Lucas County, where he began the practice of law. In 1856 he was chosen a member of the convention which framed the new Constitution which was
86 HISTORY
adopted the following year. He became a Republican upon the organiza- tion of that party and in 185S was a member of the House of the Seventh General Assembly, was reelected and in 1860 was chosen Speaker of the House of the Eighth General Assembly. When the Civil War began he was appointed aide on the staff of Governor Kirkwood and served in pro- tecting the Missouri border from invasion. In 1862 he was commissioned colonel of the Eighteenth Iowa Infantry, serving through the war, after which he was brevetted Brigadier-General. After the war he settled at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and was appointed by President Johnson Assessor of Internal Revenue. He united with the Democratic party and in 1871 was elected to Ck>ngress, serving but one term.
JOSEPH EIBOECK was bom in Zeleskut, Hungary, on the 23d of February, 1838. He was educated in Vienna, receiving a thorough course in Latin. His step-father having been engaged in the Hungarian revolu- tion and being obliged to leave the country brought his family to America in 1849, making his home at Dubuque. Here Joseph entered the office of the Miners* Ewpresa where he learned the printing business and the English language. He taught school three years and in 1859 purchased an interest in the Clayton County Journal, which he conducted until 1872, when he disposed of the paper and wrote and published a history of Clayton County. In 1873 he was appointed by Governor Carpenter Commissioner to the World's Fair at Vienna. In 1874 he settled in Des Moines and became the editor and publisher of the Iowa Stoats Anzeiger, a weekly journal in the German language. It has a State-wide circulation and is one of the chief papers of that nationality in the country. Colonel Eiboeck has written and delivered able lectures on various subjects. In 1878 he was the Demo- cratic candidate for Auditor of State but was not elected. He has written a history of the Germans of Iowa, a work of nearly eight hundred pages which contains biographical sketches of the notable men of that nationality in Iowa.
JOHN A. EI^LIOTT was born on the 24th of September, 1824, in Ar- magh, Indiana County, Pennsylvania. He received a liberal education and taught school for some time in Ohio. In 1853 he removed to Wisconsin where he was engaged in mercantile business. In 1857 he came to Iowa, locating in Mitchell County on a farm. In 1858 he was elected county treasurer, holding that position imtil 1864, when he was elected Auditor of State on the Republican ticket. He served three terms and was then appointed land commissioner of the Des Moines Valley Railroad Company and employed in selling the lands obtained by grant from the General Gov- ernment. He was one of the organizers of the Citizen's National Bank, also of the State Printing Company and was for many years president of the State Insurance Company. He died at his home in Des Moines.
JOSEPH ElBOECK
8<i
n
f
1
OP IOWA 87
WASHINGTON L. ELLIOTT was an officer in the regular army when the War of the Rebellion b^gan. He had served in the War with Mexico and attained the rank of captain. Later he distinguished himself in the Indian wars of the West. On the 14th of September, 1861, he was com- missioned colonel of the Second Iowa Cavalry. In June, 1862, Colonel Elliott was promoted to Brigadier-General and soon after was made Chief of Cavalry in the army under General Pope in his Virginia campaign. Later he was transferred to the army of the Cumberland and became Chief of Cavalry to General Thomas. After the Battle of Nashville he was pro- moted to brevet Major-General for distinguished services. After the dose of the war he returned to the regular army as colonel of the Third Cavalry. In 1870 he was placed on the retired list and died in San Francisco on the 29th of June, 1888.
LYMAN A. ELLIS, one of the prominent lawyers of Clinton County, was a native of Vermont where he was bom March 11, 1835, on a farm near Burlington. In the public schools he acquired sufficient education to teach, thus earning his tuition at an academy and a course of law lectures. In 1861 he came to Iowa, taking up his residence at Lyons, where he began to practice law. In 1865 he was elected District Attorney of the Seventh Judicial District where he served until 1880. In 1893 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate, serving four years. He was the leader of the opposition in that body, to granting suffrage to women, making an elaborate speech against the constitutional amendment for that purpose. At the extra session of the General Assembly in 1897, Mr. Ellis was a member of the joint committee for the annotation and publication of the new code.
CHARLES J. A. ERICSON was bom in Sweden, March 8, 1840. In 1852 his father emigrated to America with his family, settling on a farm near Moline, Illinois. In the spring of 1859 Charles removed to Mineral Ridge in Boone County, Iowa, where he opened a country store, the nearest railroad town at that time being Iowa City. He was appointed postmaster holding the position until 1870. In that year he removed to Boone, enter- ing the City Bank as cashier. In 1871 he was elected Representative in the House of the Fourteenth General Assembly, where he secured the pas- sage of a bill making settlers on the Des Moines River lands, occupying claimants, many hundreds of them living in his coimty. In 1895 Mr. Ericson was elected to the State Senate from the district of Boone and Story coimties, and was the author of a bill which became a law taxing corporations for filing articles of incorporation. He also secured the re- duction of interest on State warrants from six to five per cent. Mr. Eric- son has been a successful business man, accumulating wealth which he has used liberally in building up his home city. He has also made large con- tributions to worthy enterprises. In 1899 he gave more than $12,000 to
88 HISTORY
provide a park for Augustana College at Rock Island, Illinois. In 1867-R he built five school houses in the county; and in 1900 he built and pre- sented to the city of Boone a building for a public library at a cost of $10,000, which has been named the "Ericson Memorial Library."
SAMUEL B. EVANS was bom in Jefferson County, Tennessee, July 31, 1837. In boyhood he attended the public schools of that section and later entered the State University. His parents removed to Davis County, Iowa, in 1841, which was then a part of Van Buren. He learned the printer's trade and when a young man founded the Sigoumey Democrat, in Keokuk County. Some years later he established the Ottumwa Democrat which he published for many years. He was also the founder of the Ottumwa Mercury and later the publisher of the Ottumwa Independent, In August, 1862, he enlisted in the Union army and was in the battles of Helena, Little Rock and Jenkin's Ferry. He was promoted to first lieutenant for gallantry in service. He has long been one of the prominent leaders of the Democratic party. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at Baltimore in 1872, at St. Louis in 1876, at Cincinnati in 1880 and chairman of the Iowa delegation at Chicago in 1896. As an editor and writer he has few equals in Iowa jour- nalism, it having been his life work. He was postmaster of Ottumwa from 1885 to 1890. He was an enthusiastic advocate of fish culture for many years and when the act passed providing for the promotion of this industry in Iowa, Governor Carpenter in recognition of his valuable serv- ices in this line appointed Mr. Evans Fish Commissioner. He has long been a contributor to the publications of the Department of American Archeology.
SAMUEL H. FAIRALL was bom at Little Meadows, Allegheny County, Maryland, on the 21st of June, 1835. He was educated in the public schools and at an academy of Fayette County, studied law, located at Iowa City in 1855, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court in 1856. He has been an active politician in the Democratic party, serving as a delegate to the Philadelphia and New York National Conventions for the nomination of candidates for President. In 1861 he was elected a Representative in the Ninth General Assembly, serving one tenn. In 1867 he was elected to the State Senate, serving eight years by reflection, beinp; a member of the Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth General Assemblies. In 1886 he was elected judge of the District Court, and was reelected in 1890. From 1868 to 1873 he was a member of the Board of Legal Inquiry with W. H. Seevers and J. O. Crosby. While a member of the General Assembly Judge Fairall was the author of several important acts. He is the author of a Reference Digest of Iowa Reports, and a work on Township Laws of Iowa.
^i^iMa
DR. D. 3, FA1RCHILD
90 mSTOBY
office haying been created by the ConsUiution just adopted. He became Preeident of the Senate and ex-officio President of the State Board of Edu- cation. In January, 1864, he was chosen secretary of the board and in March was elected Superintendent of Public Instruction, serving until 1867. Mr. Faville was president of the State Teachers' Association in 1864-5 and editor of the Iowa Sdiool Journal from 1863 to 1867. He died on the 31st of October, 1872.
JOSEPH D. FEGAN is one of the pioneers of Iowa, having lived in the State since 1840. He was bom in Franklin Ck>unty, Pennsylvania, July 26, 1831, and had but few educational advantages, learning the tailor's trade when fourteen years of age. In 1849 he came West, and stopped at Fairfield, Jefferson County, Iowa. In 1850 he removed to Princeton, Scott County, and later settled in Clinton County. In 1862 Mr. Fegan enlisted as a private in Company I, Twenty-sixth Iowa Volunteers and was pro- moted to sergeant-major, participating in twenty-one engagements and several sieges. He was in the battles of Arkansas Post, Lookout Moun- tain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain and in the si^ies of Vicksburg, Atlanta and Savannah and the march to the sea. Mr. Fegan was promoted to first lieutenant and adjutant of the regiment in 1863, and later became captain of company B, of the regiment. He was commissioned by President Lincoln Assistant Adjutant-General in the regu- lar army. He was chairman of the Commission appointed by Governor Jackson to locate and mark the position of Iowa troops engaged in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge and was also one of the commissioners appointed by Governor Shaw to locate and mark the lines of Iowa troops at the siege of Vicksburg. Captain Fegan was formerly a Democrat but since the Civil War has affiliated with the Republicans.
LIBERTY E. FELLOWS was born at Corinth, Vermont, August 22, 1834. His education was acquired in the common schools and academies of Orange County. In 1857 he removed to Iowa, locating near Lansing, where for several years he was engaged in farming and school teaching. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1862 and entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1865 he was elected on the Democratic ticket to the House of the Eleventh General Assembly. At the close of his term he was elected to the Senate, serving in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Gen- eral Assemblies. In 1889 Mr. Fellows was appointed judge of the District Court to fill a vacancy, and has been three times elected for full terms in the same position. He was for twelve years a member of the Board of Trustees of the Hospital for Insane at Mount Pleasant and many years a regent of the State University. He was two years Grand Master of the Masonic Grand Lodge of Iowa. In 1883, Judge Fellows united with the Republican party.
OF IOWA 89
DAVID S. FATRCHTLD was born in Fairfield, Vermont, September 16, 1847. He attended the academies of Franklin and Barre, after which he studied medicine in the University of Michigan, and Albany, New York. Going west after graduation, he was appointed physician to the Iowa Agri- cultural College and in 1879 was elected professor of physiology and com- parative anatomy which position he held until 1893. He then resigned to accept the position of surgeon for the Chicago & Northwestern Railway; later he was made district surgeon, and in 1897 was appointed special ex- amining surgeon for the Milwaukee Railway. In 1882 he was elected pro- fessor of histology and pathology in the Iowa College of Physicians and Surgeons in Des Moines, and in 1885 was transferred to the chair of path- ology and diseases of the nervous system; in 1886 he was given the chair of theory and practice. He served two years as president of the college. Dr. Fairchild has always taken an active interest in medical organizations, serving as an officer of the District Medical Society, in 1895 as president of the State Medical Society, and has also been president of the Western Surgical and Gynecological Association. He was a delegate to the Inter- national Medical Congress in 1876; assisted in the organization of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, and was chairman of the committee appointed by the State Medical Society to prepare a history of medicine in Iowa.
SEWELL S. FARWELL was bom in Ohio, April 26, 1834, came to Iowa in 1852 and made his home in Jones County. When the Civil War began he entered the military service and was commissioned captain of Company H, of the Thirty-first Iowa Volunteer Infantry and before the close of the war was promoted to major. He participated in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Sherman's March to the Sea. In 1865 he was elected on the Republican ticket to represent Jones Coimty in the State Senate, serving four years. In 1869 he was appointed by President Grant Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Second District of Iowa for the term of four years. In February, 1875, he was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue, serving six years, in the same district. In 1880 he was nominated by the Republicans for Repre- sentative in Congress and was elected, serving one term.
GRAN FAVILLE, fii-st Lieutenant-Governor of Iowa, was born in Her- kimer County, New York, October 13, 1817. He was reared on a farm, received a liberal education, having graduated at the Wesleyan University of Connecticut in 1844. For many years he was instructor in ancient lan- guages in various seminaries in New York and Vermont. While Profes- sor of languages in Lebanon College, Illinois, his health failed and he removed to a farm in Mitchell County, Iowa, in 1855. In 1857 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of the Stite on th* Republican ticket, that
92 HISTORY
He was originally a Democrat but became a Republican during the war period. He was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chi- cago which, in 1868, nominated General Grant for President and was chosen one of the secretaries. Later he removed to Kansas where he be- came prominent in public alTairs and was elected Lieutenant-Grovemor of the State.
ROBERT S. FINKBINE, the builder of the permanent State House of Iowa in his fourteen years' superintendence of that structure, erected a monument to his own memory that will endure for many generations. From the day that he was appointed Superintendent of the construction of the Capitol not a dollar of the appropriations made from time to time, was misapplied. He was thoroughly competent from long experience in building and no contractor was ever able to deceive him in the quality of the material furnished. His eagle eye was on every part of the work and from start to finish the State never lost a dollar of the $2,876,300 expended under his supervision. Mr. Finkbine was born in Ohio on the 9th of July, 1828, removed to Iowa in 1850 and for many years was a resident of Iowa City, where he engaged in contracting and building. On the 22d of Feb- ruary, 1856, when a State Convention of the opponents of slavery assembled at Iowa City and proceeded to organize the Republican party in Iowa R. S. Finkbine was one of the delegates from Johnson County. He was one of the men who in the evening at the ratification meeting called out Samuel J. Kirkwood for a speech which was the first introduction of the afterwards famous " War (Jovemor " to the public. In 1863 Mr. Finkbine was elected to the House of the Tenth Greneral Assembly and two years later he was reelected -to the Eleventh General Assembly. He was not a speechmaker but was esteemed as a member of excellent judgment. Soon after his appointment as superintendent of the erection of the State House, Mr. Finkbine became a resident of Des Moines, where he died on the 8th of July, 1901.
MATURIN L. FISHER was bom in Danville, Vermont, on the 10th of June, 1807. He was a graduate of Brown University and studied law, but never practiced. He was the Democratic candidate for Con£n*ess in the Worcester District of Massachusetts in 1836. In 1849 he removed to Iowa, settling on a farm in Clayton County, making that his permanent home. In 1852 he was elected to the State Senate from a district embracin:* fifteen counties of northeastern Iowa. Two years later he was elected President of the Senate of the Fifth General Assembly and presided over the joint convention which first elected James Harlan to the United States Senate. At the extra session of 1850 Mr. Fisher was chosen President of the Senate by a unanimous vote. In April, 1857, he was elected Superin- tendent of Public Instruction on the Democratic ticket, although the Re-
C^^^^Z-AiZ/c^,^^
OF IOWA 93
publicans had carried the State at the preceding August election by more than 7,000 majority. Mr. Fisher was elected one of the trustees of the Mount Pleasant Insane Asylum in 1860 and served as president of the board until 1872. In 18G1 he was appointed to act with the State Treasurer to negotiate the sale of State bonds for the War and Defense Fund. In 1863 ^Ir. Fisher was nominated for Governor by the Democratic State Convention but declined. He was one of the commissioners who super- intended the erection of the Hospital for the Insane at Independence and the State House at Des Moines and was imiversally esteemed as one of the most useful public men of Iowa. He died on the 6th of February, 1879.
WILLIAM H. FLEMING was born in the City of New York on the 14th of April, 1833. His education was acquired in the schools of that city and in the printing offices where he was employed. He came to Iowa in 1854, stopping in Davenport where he worked at his trade. A few years later he went to Le Claire where for three years he published a paper. He was later city editor of the Davenport Oazette, and soon after the beginning of the Civil War he became a clerk in the office of Adjutant- General Baker. In 1867 he was appointed by General Ed. Wright, deputy Secretary of State, remaining in that position until appointed private secretary to Governor Merrill. He has served as private secretary also to Governors Carpenter, Kirkwood, Newbold, Gear, Drake and Shaw. No man in lovra has a more thorough knowledge of the State affairs and public men of the times than Major Fleming. He has been employed in superintending the State census upon several occasions. In 1883 he pur- chased an interest in the lotoa Weekly Capital and soon after established the daily edition. During his residence in Iowa he has done a large amoimt of newspaper work on various papers, and has long been regarded as high authority on all matters relating to Iowa history. In 1903 he received an appointment in the Treasury Department at Washington. He is a Re- publican in politics and has been a life-long worker in the temperance cause. He was one of the foiinders of the Unitarian church in Des Moines.
JAMES P. FLICK was bom at Bakerstown, Allegheny County, Penn- sylvania, August 28, 1846. When he was seven years of age his parents removed to Iowa, making their home in Wapello County. In 1857 they became residents of Taylor County which has since been Mr. Flick's home. He enlisted in the Fourth Iowa Infantry in April, 1862, and served in the Civil War as a private soldier. Studying law after his return he was admitted to the bar. He was elected on the Republican ticket to the House of the Seventeenth General Assembly and was District Attorney for six years. In 1888 he was elected to Congress in the Eighth District and reelected in 1890, serving four years.
94 mSTOEY
JOHN O. FOOTE was born at liiddld^iiry, Vennont, April 21, 1814. He eame to Iowa in 1843, locating at Bnrlii^gton where for thirty-three years he was engaged in the hardware business. He was one of the influ- ential promoters of the Burlington & Missouri Riyer Bailroad and treasurer of the company for several years, also serving as director of the Peoria, Carthage & Burlington Railroad and of the first telegraph company which built a line to BurlingtcHU Mr. Foote was one of the organisers and a director of the First National Bank of Burlington. In 1861 he was elected on the Republican ticket State Senator, serving in the Ninth and Tenth General Assemblies. He ranked hig^ in financial legislation. In 1872 he was chosen one of the commissioners to superintend the erec- tion of the new State House and had charge of the finances until the building was completed in 1886. Under his administration $2,876,300 were disbursed and not a dollar was misappropriated during the fourteen years in which the work was in progress. He was a man of fine business ability and of stem integrity. He died on the 4th of March, 1896.
SIDNEY A. FOSTER was bom May 17, 1849, in Allegany County, New York. His education was obtained in the schools of that section and the printing office. He came to Iowa in 1874 and was employed in writing county histories for the Andreas Historical Atlas, and later was one of the authors of the histories of the counties of Dubuque, Fayette, Howard, Mitchell and Floyd. Later he was engaged in conducting the Mitchell County New8 and the Worth County Eagle, In 1884 he was elected chief clerk of the House of the Twentieth General Assembly. In 1886 he was one of the organizers of the Royal Union Mutual Insurance Company of which he has since been secretary. He is a notable public speaker and in one of his addresses acquired more than State-wide reputation as the author of the following remark : " Of all that is good, Iowa afi'ords the best."
SUEL FOSTER was one of the pioneer horticulturists of Iowa. He was bom at Hillsboro, New Hampshire, on the 26th of August, 1811, and on his mother's side was related to George Bancroft the historian. He was reared on a farm and educated in the' common schools. In 1836 he made the journey to Rock Island. Mr. Foster and his brother purchased a sixth interest in the town of Bloomington for $500, which then consisted of one hundred sixty acres of land upon which were two log cabins. Here Mr. Foster made his permanent home and here the city of Muscatine grew up. In 1852 he began to plant a nursery and to give his attention to experi- mental work in horticulture. He became a well-known writer on fruit and forest growing, contributing to the principal journals of agriculture and horticulture in the West. Mr. Foster was one of the founders of the Iowa Horticultural Society and a life-long member. As early as 1847 he
WILLIAM E.
OP IOWA 95
began to advocate the establishment of a State Agricultural College, similar to institutions existing in Germany. He gathered information relating to the European schools of agriculture and was a strenuous advocate of the establishment of one in Iowa to be supported by State aid. He assisted in preparing a bill which was introduced into the Legislature by R. A. Richardson in 1856, for the creation of such a college. When the Seventh General Assembly provided by law for a State Agricultural Ck>llQge, Sue! Foster was made one of the trustees and was for five years president of the board. To the end of his life he continued to work in experimental horticulture and by his pen advocated industrial education.
BENJAMIN T. FREDERICK was bom in Fredericktown, Columbiana County, Ohio, on the 6th of October, 1834. He removed to Iowa, becom- ing a resident of Marshalltown where he engaged in manufacturing. For a long time he was a member of the school board and also of the city council. In the fall of 1882 he was nominated by the Democrats of the Fifth District for Representative in Congress. The election was close and the certificate was awarded by the canvassers to his Republican competitor, James Wilson. But after a long contest, lasting until the last day of the second session, it was . decided that Mr. Frederick had been elected in place of Wilson who had held the seat. Mr. Frederick was again nom- inated in 1884 and elected over Milo P. Smith. In 1886 Mr. Frederick was nominated a third time but was defeated at the election and soon after removed to California.
ALICE FRENCH was bom March 10, 1850, in Andover, Massachu- setts, and was educated at Abbott Academy in Andover. She came to Iowa with her parents in 1867, making her home at Davenport. At an early age Miss French developed a talent for story writing and eventually became one of the best known authors of fiction in the West. Her char- acter delineations of the west and southwest are among the most graphic to be found, showing close observation of the salient peculiarities of the types of that region. Among her best known works of fiction are " Knit- ters in the Sun," "Otto the Knight," "Stories of a Western Town," and " Expiation." She is perhaps more widely known as " Octave Thanet " a nom de plume adopted. Her stories have been in demand by the best magazines of the country and are among the most fascinating in American fiction.
WILLIAM E. FULLER was born in Center County, Pennsylvania, March 30, 1846. The family removed to Iowa in 1853, settling at West Union in Fayette County. William E. attended the Upper Iowa University and graduated from the Law Department of the State University in 1870. He then entered upon the practice of his profession at his home
96 HISTORY
in West Union. In 1866 he received an appointment in the Indian Bureau of the Department of the Interior and spent two years in Wash- ington. In 1876 he was a member of the Lower House of the Iowa Legis- lature. Mr. Fuller was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in Congress for the Fourth District in 1884 and in 1886 was reelected, serv- ing two terms. During this time he was a member of the Republican Ck}ngressional Committee. In 1901 Mr. Fuller was appointed by President McKinley Assistant Attorney-Ceneral of the United States, having charge of the Spanish war claims.
AMBROSE C. FULTON was boni in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1811, working on his father's farm until 1827 when he went to Phila- delphia and b^an a career of adventure. He went to sea, landed in New Orleans and engaged in trade with the West India Islands, accumulating money to build several business houses in New Orleans. He raised a com* pany and aided Texas in its revolt against Mexico. In 1842 Mr. Fulton located in Davenport, Iowa, where he built the first ilat-boat that made the trip to New Orleans from that city. In company with others he selected a mill-site on the Wapsipinicon River in Buchanan County and built a dam and flouring mill. In 1848 he built a large flouring mill in Davenport and was one of the first to project the railroad which was built west from that place. In 1854 Mr. Fulton was elected by a union of the Whigs and Antislavery voters to represent Scott County in the State Sen- ate and helped elect James Harlan to the United States Senate to take the place of George W. Jones. For more than forty years Mr. Fulton was engaged in nearly all public enterprises for the building up of Davenport and diiring that time erected thirty-seven buildings. He was always one of the leaders and promoters of public enterprises to advance the develop- ment of the city and State. He was an intelligent writer for the leading newspapers and did much in that way to bring settlers into the city, and men of capital into the State.
ALEXANDER R. FULTON, author of " The Red Men of Iowa," was bom in Chillicothe, Ohio, October 11, 1825. He received a liberal educa- tion and came to Iowa in 1851 where he was employed in newspaper work on the Fairfield Ledger for three years. For twelve year^ he was county surveyor. He was one of the founders of the Republican party of Iowa, and was judge of Jefferson County when that officer had charge of finan- cial affairs. In 1867 he was elected a member of the House of the Twelfth General Assembly. During the years 1868-9 he traveled through the counties of Iowa for the State Register writing historical sketches, which were of permanent value. He compiled a book on the " Free Lands of Iowa," giving a large amount of information to persons seeking homes in the State. Mr. Fulton served several years as secretary of the State
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OF IOWA 97
Board of Immigration and also as secretary of the Capitol Commission. In 1872 the State Printing Company was organized at Des Moines to supply auxiliary printed sheets to country papers and Judge Fulton was selected as editor, a position he held under various changes as long as he lived. The work for which he will be longest remembered was performed during this time. No history of the Iowa Indians was in existence and Judge Fulton entered upon the work, which was completed and published in 1882. The title of the volume was " The Red Men of Iowa " and was a comprehensive and reliable history of the various Indian tribes which had at times occupied portions of Iowa. Judge Fulton was secretary of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association at the time of his death, which occurred September 29, 1891.
ABRAHAM B. FUNK, journalist and legislator, was bom at Liberty, Illinois, January 12, 1854. He came to Iowa with his father*s family in 1865, first locating in Hamilton County and later removing to Estherville. Here in 1870 the young man entered the office of the Northern Vindicator as compositor and made such progress that in two years he became half owner of the Spirit Lake Beacon. In 1878 he established a paper at Flan- dreau, Dakota, where he was elected the first mayor of the town. In 1879 the same year he returned to Spirit Lake of which he also became the first mayor, and was connected with the Beacon at the same period. Through this journal Mr. Funk acquired wide influence in northwestern Iowa. His political career began with his election as delegate to the National Republi- can Convention of 1884, and in 1887 he was elected to the State Senate from the district consisting of the counties of Clay, Dickinson, Emmet, Palo Alto and Kossuth. He served in that position for three terms, attaining high rank among the leading members of the General Assemblies during that period of twelve years. As chairman of the committee on ways and means he was largely instrumental in framing and securing the passage of the bill creating the State Board of Control. In 1897 Senator Funk was one of the most prominent candidates before the Republican State Convention for nomination for Governor, at the time Leslie M. Shaw was nominated. Upon the creation of the State Commission to improve and complete the Capitol building, Senator Funk was made a member.
JAMES H. FUNK was bom in Fairfield County, Ohio, Febmary 15, 1842. His educational advantages were meager but by evening study he became qualified to teach school. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in the Fifty-third Illinois Infantry. After returning from the war he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1871. He took an active part in Illinois politics and served two terms in the Legislature of that State. In 1890 Mr. Funk removed to Iowa, making his home on a farm near Iowa Falls where he engaged in raising horses. He became an active participant in
[Vol. 4]
98 HISTORY
public affairs and in 1893 was elected on the Republican ticket to the House of Representatives of the Twenty-fifth Greneral Assembly. He was chairman of the committee on the suppression of intemperance and was re($lected to the Twenty-sixth General Assembly where he became chair- man of the committee on ways and means. He was elected to the Twenty- seventh General Assembly and was chosen Speaker of the House.
WASHINGTON GALLAND was bom June 20, 1827, near Nauvoo, Illinois. He grew to manhood among the half-breed Indians and early pio- neers of the Mississippi valley, hunting, fishing and boating. He was a pu- pil of Berryman Jennings who taught the first school in Iowa in a rude log cabin. He acquired a good education in later years and in 1856 entered the law office of Rankin and Miller and was admitted to practice in 1850. In 1863 he was elected to the Legislature from Lee County where he had settled. When but nineteen years of age he enlisted with a Missouri cavalry regiment in the Mexican War, serving until its close. When the Civil War began Mr. Galland raised a company for the Sixth Iowa In- fantry of which he was commissioned captain. He was taken prisoner at the Battle of Shiloh and was released after seven months. He has been a prominent member of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association, to which he has contributed valuable papers.
WILLIAM H. GALLUP is one of the veteran journalists of Iowa. He was bom in Schoharie County, New York, in May, 1840, and attended the public schools and a seminary, teaching school several years. He entered the Poughkeepsie Law School in 1859 from which he graduated and was admitted to the bar of Newburg. In May, 1861,* Mr. Gallup came to Iowa, locating at Marshalltown where he practiced law a short time when he purchased the Marshalliown Times and entered upon his long career of journalism which continued with few interruptions for more than a third of a century. During the exciting times when General Grant was closing the coils around Vicksburg, so anxious were the people for news that Mr. Gkkllup issued the Times daily, which was the first daily paper issued on the line of the Northwestern Railroad between Chicago and Council Bluffs. In December, 1864, Mr. Gallup removed to Boonsboro and established the Boone Standard. In 1870 he became the publisher of the Nevada Repre- sentative, He was an active Republican and in 1875 he was elected to the State Senate, serving through the Sixteenth and Seventeenth General As- semblies. He was the author of a law authorizing townships and incor- porated towns to vote taxes to aid in building railroads. In 1887 Mr. Gallup purchased the Perry Chief in Dallas County and after five years sold the paper and, returning to Boone County, bought an interest in the Republican paper, in 1896 becoming the sole owner. In 1899 he estab- lished the Monthly Review and Advertiser,
OF IOWA 99
HAMLIN GARLAND, poet and novelist, was bom at West Salem, Wisconsin, September 16, 1860. His parents removed to Iowa when he was a child and his early education was acquired in the district schools of Mitchell County. He attended the Cedar Valley Seminary at Osage, where he graduated in 1881. When not in school he worked on the farm and later taught school in Illinois. He took a claim in Dakota, where he re- mained but a short time, when he went to Boston and began to write stories which at once attracted attention. In 1893 he returned to the west, making his home in Chicago. Mr. Garland is a writer whose articles and stories have appeared in the leading magazines of the country. He has also published a number of strong stories in book form. The first which brought him into general notice, and which, in the opinion of his Iowa friends, he has not surpassed is " Main Traveled Roads," a vivid picture of the West as he knew it immediately after the war. Mr. Garland has also written a series of tales of Iowa political life, among them the " Spoil of Office." "Rose of Dutchess Coolie" and the "Captain of the Gray Horse Troop" are his latest stories. Mr. Garland has also written a number of poems which have appeared under the title of "Prairie Songs.'
>f
JOHN A. GARRETT, a native of Carlisle, Sullivan County, Indiana, was bom on the 15th of November, 1824. He was a graduate of Hanover College and of the Indiana University. During the War with Mexico he enlisted as a private in the Fourth Indiana Infantry and was in the army of General Scott which captured the City of Mexico. In the fall of 1857 Mr. Garrett came to Iowa stopping for a time in Des Moines and at Leon. In 1859 he became a resident of Newton in Jasper County where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. When the Civil War began he enlisted in the military service; in August, 1861, he recruited a company which was incorporated with the Tenth Iowa Infantry of which he was appointed captain. He took part, in several engagements, where he distinguished himself and in August, 1862, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty-second Iowa Infantry. Soon after he was commissioned colonel of the Fortieth Infantry and commanded that regiment in the campaign against Little Rock and in the Battle of Jenkin's Ferry, remaining in command to the close of the war.
CONDUCE H. GATCH was bora near Milford, Ohio, July 25, 1825. He grew to manhood on his father's farm attending the common schools dur- ing winters and laboring on the farm through the working season. After becoming of age he took a regular course in Augusta College, Kentucky, and then studied law at Xenia, Ohio, where he was admitted to the bar. He settled at Kenton where he was chosen prosecuting attorney and later member of the State Senate. Mr. Gkitch was a delegate to the first Na- tional Republican Convention which nominated General John C. Fre-
100 HISTORY
mont for President. At the beginning of the Rebellion Mr. Gkitch raised a comi^any for the Thirty-third Ohio Infantry of which he was commis- sioned* captain. He participated in several battles and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. He removed to Iowa in 1866, enter- ing upon the practice of law. In 1886 he was elected to the Iowa Senate, where he served eight years. He was the author of many important laws among which was the one founding the Historical Department of Iowa and a general law promoting the organization of public libraries in towns and cities. He was the author of a history of the Des Moines River Land Grant and the legislation and litigation following, published in the Annals of Iowa. He died at his home on the Ist of July, 1897.
JOHN H. GEAR, tenth Governor of Iowa, was bom at Ithaca, New York, on the 7th of April, 1825. He had no educational advantages in his youth but acquired, unaided, his knowledge of books. The country about Ithaca was at that time a wilderness and the father and mother lived in a rude log cabin, surrounded by Onondaga Indians. In 1830 the family re- moved to Galena, Illinois, then a frontier post in the Indian country, where lead mining was the principal attraction and business. Two years later the father, having been appointed chaplain in the regular army, took his family to Fort Snelling, a frontier military post in the wilds of Minne- sota. Always on the eictreme frontier, enduring hardships and privations, amid the rudest surroundings, the son grew to nineteen years of age with none of the advantages of civilization, but with the lessons of economy and self-reliance fully learned. In the fall of 1843, young Gear descended the Mississippi River and on the 26th of September landed at the new town of Burlington on the Iowa side which was ever after his home. Here for the first time the young man worked for himself, first on a farm, then as clerk in a store. In 1846 he secured a position in a store and at the end of five years was made a partner and five years later was able to purchase the store. In 1863 Mr. Gear was chosen mayor of the city and in 1871 was elected by the Republicans to the House of the Fourteenth General As- sembly. He was reelected at the close of his first term and nominated by the Republicans of the House of Representatives for Speaker. The members were equally divided politically and for two weeks neither were able to electa but on the one hundred forty-fourth ballot Mr. Gear was elected. He was an able and eminently fair presiding officer, was reelected and again chosen Speaker. In 1877 he was nominated for Governor of the State by the Republicans and elected. He at once brought to the service of the State that executive ability which had led him to success in every undertaking of his self-reliant life. He made himself thoroughly familiar with every department and public institution of the State, sug^ gesting numerous reforms in the methods of conducting business. At the close of his term he was reelected by an increased majority. In 1886 he
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was elected to the National House of Representatives and in two years wits reelected, serving on the committee on ways and means. He was defecated//, at the next election but was appointed by President Harrison AssistanC/-,* •, Secretary of the Treasury and resigned to take his seat in the Fifty-third Congress to which he was elected. Governor Gear was a delegate in the Republican National Convention of 1892 which renominated Harrison and in 1896, which nominated McKinley. In the summer of 1893, he became a candidate for a seat in the United States Senate. Among his competitors were W. P. Hepburn, John F. Lacey, George D. Perkins, then members of Congress, A. B. Cunmiins and John Y. Stone, prominent lawyers and L. S. Coffin, a well-known farmer. The contest was animated but Governor Gear was nominated by the Republican caucus of the General Assembly and elected for six years from the 4th of March, 1895. He was a prominent member of the Senate committee on Pacific Railroads, where he was largely influential in securing to the Government the payment of the bonds issued in 1862-3 to aid in the construction of the subsidized roads. In the winter of 1900, a powerful effort was made to nominate A. B. Cummins of Des Moines, to succeed Governor Gear in the Senate. The contest was waged with great vigor and determination but the host of old friends of the popu- lar Senator, who was serving his first term, rallied to his support and se- cured his reflection. While in Washington serving out his first term Senator Gear died suddenly, on the 14th of July, 1901. His death was sincerely mourned by the people of the entire State, regardless of party.
JAMES L. GEDDES was bom in Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 19th of March, 1827. He graduated at the British Military Academy at Cal- cutta, India, and served in the British army for seven years. He was awarded a medal for gallant service. In 1857 he settled on a farm in Benton County, Iowa. In August, 1861, he raised a company of volun- teers for the Eighth Iowa Infantry of which he was chosen captain. When the regiment was organized he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel and in February, 1862 was promoted to colonel. At the Battle of Shiloh Colonel Geddes greatly distinguished himself and his regiment was handled with skill that won the admiration and warm commendation of the command- ing General. In the Mobile campaign Colonel Geddes commanded a bri- gade and won additional honors in the battle which resulted in the cap- ture of the Spanish Fort. He was promoted to Brigadier-General. In 1870 General Geddes was chosen cashier and steward of the State Agri- cultural College and in 1871 he was appointed professor of Military Tactics and Engineering and a few years later became vice-president of the college and treasurer of the institution. He was an exceedingly valuable officer of the college but was removed by a majority of a board of the trustees unfriendly to him, from the positions he had long filled with marked ability. His removal aroused a storm of indignation among the students, his asso-
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102 HISTOEY
elites 6A the faculty and the people of the State generally which soon . '.restated in his restoration to a number of the positions from which he had . ''J&een displaced.
JAMES I. GILBERT was bom in Kentucky in 1824 and removed to Iowa in 1852, making his home at Lansing, Allamakee Ck>unty, where he was a commission merchant when the Civil War began. In August, 1862, he was appointed colonel of the Twenty-seventh Regiment of Iowa Volun- teer Infantry. He distinguished himself in the capture of Fort De Russey on the Red River, leading his regiment in a most gallant charge which cap- tured the works. After the Battle of Nashville he was promoted to Briga- dier-General for distinguished services and before the close of the war was brevetted Major-General.
GILBERT S. GILBERTSON is a native of Spring Grove, MinnesoU, where he was bom October 17, 1863. His education was completed at a business college in Janesville, Wisconsin, and in the spring of 1879 he re- moved to Worth County, Iowa. Aside from farming his first employment was bookkeeping in an implement house in Forest City. In 1889 he was elected clerk of the District Court of Winnebago County in which office he was continued by reflections until 1896 when he resigned to become a mem- ber of the State Senate from the Forty-first District. Mr. Gilbertson became a financier early in the nineties organizing a number of banks and loan companies. He was also owner and publisher of the Winnebago Summit of Forest City. For ten years he was treasurer of the city and was seven years a member of the school board, and chairman of the Republican county com- mittee. In 1900 he was nominated and elected State Treasurer and was reelected in 1902.
EDWARD H. GILLETTE was the son of Francis Gillette, United States Senator from Connecticut and Free Soil candidate for Governor in antislavery times. Edward H. was born October 1, 1840, in Bloomfield, Connecticut, and received his education at Hartford High School and at the New York Agricultural College. After coming to Iowa he engaged in stock farming near Des Moines and became a leader in the Greenback party and in 1878 was nominated for Representative in Congress by that party in the Seventh District. He was elected, serving one term. For several years he was associated with General James B. Weaver in the publication of the Farmers* Tribune at Des Moines, the central organ of the Populist party of Iowa. He was one of the earnest advocates of the principles of that party and one of its eloquent public speakers. In 1879 he was chairman of the State Central Committee of the Union Labor party and in 1893 was the candidate of the People's party for Secretary of State.
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CHARLES C. GILMAN was a native of the SUte of Maine, where he was born on the 22d of February, 1833. He attended an academy at Winterport where he prepared for college and entered the sophomore class of what is now Colby University and studied medicine with his father who was an eminent physician. In 1857 he came to Iowa, stopping at Dubuque, where he became largely engaged in the wholesale lumber trade. When the Civil War began he was active in raising four companies for the service, cooperating with his friend, Francis J. Herron, who became one of the most brilliant officers from Iowa as the war progressed. In 1858, when the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad was pushing its line westward, Mr. Oilman established the town of Earlville by erecting twenty-eight buildings for residences and business. During the years 1860-61 he built elevators at Monticello, Marion and Cedar Falls, besides buying water power and erecting flouring mills. In 1864 he wrote articles for the news- papers urging the improvement of the rapids in the Mississippi River at Davenport and Keokuk, in which he had the cooperation of the 8t. Louis TimeSf then conducted by Stilson Hutchins, the Chicago Journal, then edited by Frank Gilbert, both formerly Iowa editors, the Dubuque, Daven- port, Burlington and Keokuk papers. This movement resulted in the hold- ing of conventions which brought about action of Congress making appro- priations for the work that was finally accomplished. In 1866 Mr. Gilman made the first soundings of the Mississippi River at Dubuque for the rail- road bridge which was later built. In 1867 he organized a company for the construction of a railroad from Ackley via Eldora to Marshalltown, which filially resulted in the building of the Central Railroad of Iowa, the first north and south line in the State. From 1867 to 1872 Mr. Gilman de- voted his energies to this enterprise as president and superintendent of the construction company.
JOSIAH GIVEN was bom in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, on the 31st of August, 1828. He obtained his education in the district schools. When the War with Mexico began he enlisted as a drummer and a few months later became a private soldier in the Fourth Ohio Infantry and served to the close of the war. Upon returning home he began the study of law with J. R. Barcroft and an older brother at Millersburg. He was admitted to the bar in 1850 and the following year was chosen Prosecuting Attorney. Later he was admitted into partnership with J. R. Barcroft and at the beginning of the War of the Rebellion, raised a company of which he was chosen captain and entered the service in the Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the regiment and in 1863 was appointed colonel of the Seventy-fourth Ohio Infantry. After the war he was elected postmaster of the National House of Repre- sentatives, serving two years. In May, 1868, he removed to Iowa, set- tling in Des Moines where he resumed the practice of law. In January,
104 HISTORY
1872, he became District Attorney of the Fifth District, serving three years. At the close of his term he entered into partnership with J. R. Barcroft in the practice of his profession. In November, 1886, he was elected judge of the Seventh Judicial District, serving until March 12, 1889, when he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court by Governor Larrabee to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge J. R. Reed. He was twice reelected, serving as Associate Judge and Chief Justice until December 31, 1901. Judge Given has always been a popular public speaker at soldiers' gatherings and has long been a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic. He was a Democrat in early life but became a Re- publican upon the organization of that party.
WELKER GIVEN was bom at Millersburg, Ohio, on the 18th of May, 1853, and is the son of Judge Josiah Given. He received a thorough edu- cation in Ohio and Iowa, as his father and family emigrated to the latter State in 1868. He served as private secretary to Governor Sherman and was, for several years, editor of the Peoria Daily Transcript and for a long time an editorial writer on the Chicago Trihune. He became one of the proprietors and editor of the Marshalltovm Times, in which he first suggested the "Mulct Liquor Law" which was enacted by the Republi- cans upon the abandonment of prohibition. He has long been an accom- plished writer and is the author of the "Tariff Riddle." He is widely known as a Shakespearean scholar and recently published a work called A Study of Othello."
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SAMUEL L. GLASGOW was bom in Adams County, Ohio, on the 17th of September, 1838. He was educated at South Salem Academy and in the fall of 1856 came to Iowa and first located at Oskaloosa where he was ad- mitted to the bar in 1858. He soon after removed to Corydon where he opened a law office. In July, 1861, he assisted in raising Company I, of the Fourth Iowa Volunteer Infantry and was chosen first lieutenant. In 1862 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty-third Regiment. Upon the death of Colonel Kinsman he was promoted to the command of the regiment, making an excellent officer and before the close of the war attained the rank of brevet Brigadier-General. Upon his return home he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the Eleventh Gen- eral Assembly. In 1867 he was appointed United States Consul to Havre, France, where he remained several years. In 1872 he was sent to Glas- gow, Scotland, as United States Consul.
GEORGE L. GODFREY was bora on the 4th of November, 1833, in Orleans County, Vermont. In the fall of 1855, he came to Iowa, stopping at Dubuque, where he engaged in school teaching, and in 1859 took up his per- manent residence in Des Moines. He began his law studies with Judge C. C.
OBORQE L, GODFREY
OF IOWA 105
Cole aad vw adwttcd to tW bttr jwt bdnre tW Wmr of tke Wgio Is Maj, IMl, ke ddittcd m OoiBpoBj D, of tW Iummii Seeond lowm TolooUq iHfiurtiy aad is Deecariwr was pffOBBOted to seeoad liaft- is Jumtt, IMS; beeuM first UnrtcBOBt and adjutoBt of tka He MTvvd vitk ^stimtikm m the greot totiks of Fort DomI- and Skilok, aad ■■rrki^ to Ooriath with Grant's Tmj ht bore a part m tW tvo dajs* desperate tattle in that famous town, kaTi^ tvD horses shot mder kirn. WImb the First AUhaiaa GaTsliy was oripaiaed firaan UaioB noi Otptam Godfrey was commiasMMd vajor, ia and was sooa after ptoasoted to lieatenaat-eokMi^ la this regiaieBt with distiiietiaB ia Shei man's famous march to the sea. At the of the war he was mnstoed out with his regiment at Hantsrille, Ala* Before his return to Iowa Colonel Godfrey was elected a memlwr of the Hoose of the Eleventh General Assembly on the Republican tiehet. In the spring of 1866 he completed his law course at the State UniTersitj at Iowa City and began the practice of his profession. He served as city ao- lieitor and assistant United States District Attorney for scTeral years. In 1876 he was one of the presidential electors chosen by the Republicans. In 1870 he was appointed receirer of the United States Land Oflice at Des Moines. In 1882. upon the creation of the Utah Commission, Colonel Godfrey was appointed a member. The object of the Commission was the Biqipression of polygamy in the Territory. The Commi<tsion consisted of fire members appointed by the President, was non-partisan and had super- Tision of all elections. The membership was dianged from time to time, with the exception of Colonel Godfrey who served daring three adminis- tratioDS and was for four years president of the Commission. When the Commission was established to superintend the erection of monuments on the battle-field of Shiloh, Governor Shaw appointed Colonel Godfrey one of the members. In 1903 he was appointed surveyor of the port of Des
STEWART GOODRELL was a native of Pennsylvania, bom in 1813. He was a medianic and in 1842 came to the new Territory of Iowa, mak- ing his home in Washington County. He became an active Whig politician and in the spring of 1846 was chosen a member of the Second Constitu- tional Convention which assembled at Iowa City on the 4th of May and framed the Constitution under which Iowa was on the 28th of December following admitted as a State. He was, in August of the same year, elected to the House of Representatives of the First General Assembly where he helped to frame the first code of laws for the new State. He served also in an extra session which was held in January, 1848, was reelected and served through the Second General Assembly. On the 3d of March, 1856, he was appointed one of the commissioners to locate the capital of the State at Des Moines. Here he purdiased property and soon removed to
106 HISTORY
that city. When the Republican party was organized in Iowa he be- came a member and in the fall of 1859, was again elected to the House of the Eighth General Assembly. In 1869 he was appointed United States Pension Agent for the Des Moines District and died in November^ 1872.
JOSEPH R. GORRELL was bom in Trumbull County, Ohio, May 6, 1835. He attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania and at Buffalo, New York, where he graduated in 1859. The doctor was a sur- geon in the One Hundred Twenty-ninth Indiana Volunteers in the Civil War, and later held the same position in the Thirtieth Regiment. In 1865, Dr. Gorrell came to Iowa, locating at Newton where he resumed the prac- tice of medicine. In 1892 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Minneapolis and was a warm supporter of Blaine for Presi- dent. In 1893, Dr. Grorrell was elected to the State Senate on the Repub- lican ticket and served in the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth General Assem- blies. He was a radical advocate of free silver in the presidential campaign of 1896, and upon the expiration of his first term in the Senate, was nom- inated by the opposition to the Republican party and elected to a second term.
JAMES O. GOWIBR was bom at Abbott, in the State of Maine, on the 30th of May, 1834. In 1839 he came with his father to Iowa City which became his home. He was educated at Knox College, Illinois, and at the Kentucky Military Institute. He then engaged in the banking busi- ness with his father at Iowa City. In June, 1861, he enlisted Company F for the First Iowa Cavalry and received a commission as captain. In September he was promoted to major of the Second Battalion and on the 26th of August, 1862, he became colonel of the regiment. During the latter part of his military services Colonel Gower was in command of a brigade. He was an able and accomplished officer.
HARVEY GRAHAM was born in the State of Pennsylvania in the year 1827 and came to Iowa many years before the War of the Rebellion. He was a mill-wright by trade and lived at Iowa City. In the spring of 1861 he was chosen first lieutenant of Company B of the First Iowa In- fantry and was in command of the company at the Battle of Wilson's Creek where he was wounded. Upon the organization of the Twenty- second Iowa Infantry he was appointed major of the regiment and soon after was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In May, 1864, he became colonel and took command of the regiment, serving with gallantry in Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. He remained in the service to the close of the war.
BARLOW GRANGER, the founder of the first newspaper in Des Moines, is a native of the State of New York. He was bom in Tioga
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OF IOWA 107
County, May 31, 1816, and when twelve years of age his father removed to Rochester where the son entered the printing office of the CortUmd Aduo- oate. Young Granger worked at his trade in New York, New Haven, Cleveland and Detroit. He finally went to Albany and was for a long time engaged on State work, where he made the acquaintance of the famous New York politicians and statesmen in the days of Martin Van Buren, Thurlow Weed and Horace Greeley. Later he went south and accepted a position on the Charleston Courier. In 1847 he came West, obtaining a position on the 8t, Louis KepuhUoan. In 1848 he came to Iowa and, having studied law in New York, he began to practice in Des Moines, also carrying on real estate business. Finding no newspaper in the place he, at the urgent request of Judge Bates, purchased a printing outfit at Iowa City and transporting it by wagon to Des Moines issued the first number of the Iowa Star in July, 1849, using for a printing office a double log cabin on the banks of the Raccoon River, formerly one of the fort buildings. He served cm the staff of Governor Hempstead, with the rank of colonel from 1850 to 1854, when he was elected Prosecuting Attorney. In 1855 he was elected county judge; and has been mayor of Des Moines.
CHARLES T. GRANGER was born in Monroe County, New York, on the 9th of October, 1835. His parents removed to Waukegan, Illinois, while he was a child, where he received his education. He was reared on a farm and as he reached manhood decided to study law. In 1854 he came to Iowa stopping in Allamakee County where he pursued his law studies, teaching school winters. In 1860 he was admitted to the bar and entered upon practice in the town of Mitchell, Mitchell County. In August, 1862, he was elected captain of Company K, of the Twenty-seventh Iowa Volun- teer Infantry, serving for three years. He was in the battles of Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Nashville and Mobile, doing excellent service. Upon re- tiring from the army he located at Waukon, Allamakee County. He was elected District Attorney in 1869, serving four years, when he was elected judge of the Circuit Court and served in that position until January, 1887, when he was chosen judge of the District Court, serving until Janu- ary, 1889. He was elevated to the position of Judge of the Supreme Court, and was Chief Justice in 1894 and 1895 and Associate Judge until January, 1901. In 1874 he was the Republican candidate for Congress in the Third District but failed of election. Judge Granger has been a Republi- can since the organization of that party.
JAMES GRANT was bom in Halifax County, North Carolina, on the 12th of December, 1812. He was prepared to enter college at fourteen years of age and graduated at eighteen. After teaching in Raleigh for three years he went west and in 1834 opened a law office in Chicago. He was soon after appointed Prosecuting Attorney of the Sixth District and
108 mSTOBY
in 1838 removed to Davenport, settling on a farm near the little village. In 1841 he was chosen to represent Scott County in the L^;islative Assembly. In 1844 he was elected a delegate to the first Ck>nstitutional Convention and took an active part in framing the Constitution, which was rejected. In 1846 he was a member of the second convention and was the author of the " bill of rights " in that instrument under which Iowa became a State. In 1847 he was elected judge of the District Court, serving five years. In 1862 he was again elected to the Legislature and chosen Speaker of the House. When a young man he began to acquire a law library and con- tinued to add to it through mature life until he had secured the largest and best selected collection of law books in the West. He became one of the great lawyers of the country and was employed in some of the most important land and bond cases in the West. In one railroad case he won for his clients a million dollars and received for his services $100,000. In politics he was a life-long Democrat.
JULIUS K. GRAVES was born in Keene, New Hampshire, September 20, 1837. He received a common school education and at the age of seven- teen came to Iowa, becoming a resident of Dubuque in 1854. He secured a position as cashier in a bank and in 1858 had risen to the head of the prosperous banking house of J. K. Graves & Co. It became a branch of the Iowa State Bank, with Mr. Graves as manager. He engaged largely in other business enterprises among which was railroad building. He was one of the loyal capitalists who in the beginning of the Rebellion volun- teered to raise the money required by Governor Kirkwood to equip and pay the first volunteers put into the field. He was one of the active pro- moters of the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad. He was a radical Republi- can, living in a strong Democratic county but when a candidate for the State Senate in 1881 he overcame an adverse majority of nearly 3,000 and was elected. He died at Dubuque on the 0th of December, 1898.
GEORGE GREENE was a native of England, having been born in Staffordshire on the 15th of April, 1817. His father came to America wlieu the son was but two years old, locating in western New York. George Greene received a good education and studied law in Buffalo. In the spring of 1838 he went to the new Territory of Iowa, first stopping in Davenport, where he made the acquaintance of Professor D. J. Owen, who was engaged in making a geological survey of Iowa and Wisconsin. After working on the survey for six months he taught school at Ivanhoe, Linn County. He was admitted to the bar in 1840 and began to practice law in Marion. The same year he was elected a member of the Council of the Third Legislative Assembly, serving two sessions. In 1845 Mr. Greene removed to Dubuque and soon after became editor of the Miners' Empress, which he conducted about three years. In 1847 he was appointed by the
OF IOWA 109
Governor one of the Supreme Judges of the State, serying until 1855, with marked ability. During his term he reported the decisions of the court which were published in four volumes and known as " Qreene's Reports.'' In 1851 Judge Greene removed to Cedar Rapids where he engaged in bank- ing and was one of the most active citizens in promoting manufactures, education and railroad building. He was largely instrumental in secur- ing the construction of the Chicago & Northwestern and the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern railroads through Cedar Rapids. In politics he was a Democrat until 1872, when he became a Republican.
JAMES W. GRIMES, third Governor of Iowa, was bom at Deering, New Hampshire, October 20, 1816. At the age of sixteen he entered Dart- mouth College where he graduated and began the study of law. In 1836 he came to the " Black Hawk Purchase/* stopping at Burlington. He served as secretary to Governor Henry Dodge in September at a council held with the Sac and Fox Indians at Rock Island, in which these tribes ceded to the United States a tract of land on the Iowa and Missouri rivers. In 1837 Mr. Grimes was admitted to the bar and was soon after appointed city solicitor. He entered into partnership with W. W. Chapman, thea United States District Attorney for Wisconsin Territory. When the Terri- tory of Iowa was established in 1838, Mr. Grimes was elected a member of the House of the First Legislative Assembly at the age of twenty-two. He was appointed chairman of the judiciary committee and was one of the leaders in a conflict which the majority had with Governor Lucas over the respective powers of the executive and legislative branches of the Terri- torial government. He was the Whig candidate for member of the Council of the Third Legislative Assembly but was defeated. In 1843 he was again elected a member of the House. In 1852 he was elected to the House of the Fourth General Assembly and was the recognized leader of the Whig minority. He took an active interest in the improvement of the school system, the encouragement of railroad building, the promotion of tem- perance and opposition to the extension of slavery. In 1853 he helped to establish the first agricultural journal in the State and was one of its editors. It was named The lotoa Farmer and Horticulturist and was pub- lished monthly at Burlington by Morgan McKenny. Mr. Grimes had at- tained such prominence in the State that in 1854 he was nominated by the Whigs for Governor. His well-known antislavery views rendered him acceptable to all who were opposed to the extension of that institution. That issue was then becoming intense and while many conservative Whigs united with the Democrats, all classes who favored " free soil ** united in the support of Grimes and he was elected. It was the first defeat for the Democrats since Iowa was organized into a Territory. In January, 1866, Governor Grimes wrote the call for the convention which, at Iowa Oity on the 22d of February, founded the Republican party of Iowa. After
110 HISTORY
serying as Qovemor for the term of four years, Grimes was chosen United States Senator by the Seventh Qeneral Assembly. He became one of the leading members of that body and as a member of the naval committee was a power in sustaining the administration of Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. He was one of the earliest advocates of the employment of slaves in the Union armies and of their emancipation. As chairman of the committee on the District of Columbia, in July, 1861, he secured the release from jail of all slaves held by their masters. In 1864 Senator Grimes was reelected. After the overthrow of the Rebellion, Senator Grimes, as a member of the joint committee on reconstruction was one of the number who devised the terms upon which the union of the States was restored. He was largely instrumental in securing the National Arse- nal on Rock Island and the construction of the canal for steamers around the Des Moines Rapids of the Mississippi River. On the trial of Presi- dent Johnson in the impeachment proceedings. Senator Grimes rose above party clamor and, actuated by the highest considerations as a judge, voted " not guilty." Such was the clamor of Republicans for conviction that the great Senator was assailed with a storm of rage and abuse of the most malignant character, by his own party. Conscious of his own rectitude, he bore the reproaches with unshaken fortitude. He would not become a party to revolutionary methods of removing the Chief Executive of the Nation at the demand of his political friends. When the storm of rage and disappointment had passed and reason returned, the country realized that his courageous act in that momentous crisis was the noblest and most heroic of his official deeds. He was stricken with paralysis and made a journey to Europe hoping to restore his shattered health; but failing in that, resigned his seat in the Senate and returned home where he died on the 7th of February, 1872. Benton J. Hall, a life-long political oppon- ent, said of him in the State Senate:
" Perhaps no other man had the opportunity, or used it with the avail that Senator Grimes did to form and mould the State and its institutions. He was one of the living men in the Territorial legislation and early State history. Afterwards we find the same master mind moulding the affairs of the National Government. I doubt whether any Senator ever impressed himself in a greater degree upon the Government in all direc- tions. Whether in regard to the navy, or army, or foreign relations, he made himself master of the subject, and left his impress upon almost every page of the history of the Nation.'
9t
The veteran Congressman George W. Julian wrote of Senator Grimes, after his death:
" I was one of the many men whose partisan exasperation carried them headlong into the impeachment movement, in which the heroic con- duct of Senator Grimes has been so gloriously vindicated by time; and no man is more ready than myself to do honor to the brave men who fac^ the wrath and scorn of their party in 1868."
BEiNJAMIN F. aUE
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JOSIAH B. GRINNELL was born in New Haven, Vermont, in 1822. He received a liberal education, graduating at Oneida College, New York. He then took the course in theology at Auburn and became a Congre- gational minister, preaching several years at Washington and New York City. In the winter of 1863 he projected a colony to settle in the West and in May, 1864, went to Iowa City with members of the colony to pro- cure wild lands. He selected several thousand acres in Poweshiek County which were entered and the town of Grinnell laid out. A college was pro- jected which in time was realized in Iowa College. Mr. Grinnell helped to organize a Congregational church and was its first minister. In 1866 he began his political career by acting as a delegate to the convention which organized the Republican party of Iowa. In the fall of that year he was the Republican candidate for State Senator from the district con- sisting of the counties of Poweshiek, Jasper, Marshall and Tama. He was elected, serving four years. In 1860 he was a delegate to the Repub- lican National Convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln for Presi- dent. In 1862 Mr. Grinnell was elected to Congress from the Fourth Dis- trict and in 1864 was reelected, serving four years. He was at one time a prominent candidate for nomination for Governor and later for United States Senator, but without success. In 1872 Mr. Grinnell united with the "Liberal Republicans" and Democrats in supporting Horace Greeley for President as against General Grant. He was one of the promoters of the Central Railroad of Iowa and the first president of that company. Mr. Grinnell was an enthusiastic worker for the development of his ad<^ted State and the city which bore his name, as well as the college he had helped to establish.
(Condensed from "The Progressive Men of Iowa.")
BENJAMIN F. GUE was born in Greene County, New York, on the 26th of December, 1828. His education was acquired in the public schools, with two terms in academies of Canandaigua and West Bloomfield. He taught school in the winter of 1851 and early in March, 1862, came to Iowa and bought a claim on Rock Creek in Scott County. He was an Abolitionist and took a deep interest in the antislavery movements of that period. Mr. Gue was one of the delegates sent from Scott County to the convention which assembled at Iowa City on the 22d of February, 1866, to organize the Republican party of Iowa. In 1867 he was chosen by the Republicans as one of the Representatives in the Seventh General Assem- bly. He was one of the authors of the act to establish a State Agricultural College and was selected to fight the bill through the House against an adverse report of the committee of ways and means. He was reelected at the expiration of his first term and in 1861 was elected to the Senate for four years. In that body he was the author of two important bills: to prohibit the circulation of foreign bank bills in Iowa, and the law devised
112 mSTOEY
to secure an immediate income from the Agricultural College Land Grant, without sacrificing the lands. By the adoption of this plan Iowa secured for all time a larger income for support of the college than any State having the same amount of land. At the close of his term in 1864, Mr. Que removed to Fort Dodge, purchased the only newspaper establishment where for eight years he published a Republican paper. In 1865 he was appointed postmaster of Fort Dodge but resigned in the fall of that year, having been nominated by the Republican State Convention for Lieuten- ant-Governor. In 1866 he was elected president of the Board of Trustees of the State Agricultural College and for several years gave a large por- tion of his time to the building and organization of the college. He car- ried a proposition through the board for the admission of girls as students, against strong opposition. As a member of the committee on organiza- tion, he visited the Agricultural Colleges of the country and was instru- mental in selecting President Welch and the first corps of professors. Mr. Gue has always taken a deep interest in the growth of this college and by voice and pen defended and supported it through all of the years of its existence. In 1872 he removed to Des Moines and became editor of the Iowa Homestead. Receiving the appointment of United States Pension Agent of Iowa and Nebraska from President Grant, he gave his entire time to the duties of that position for eight years. Upon retiring in 1881 he again became editor of the Homestead. For more than fifteen years he took an active part in the political campaigns as a public speaker for the Republican party. He was one of the founders of the " Iowa Unitarian Association," of the "Pioneer Lawmakers' Association,'* and is author of a History of Iowa.
DAVID J. GUE was born in Farmington, Ontario County, New York, January 17, 1836. He acquired a common school education with one year at an academy. In 1853 he came to Iowa and assisted an older brother on a farm in Scott County. He studied law in Tipton and was admitted to the bar in 1860. In 1862, as counsel for J. S. Maxwell, he won a noted case for his client whose seat in the Greneral Assembly was contested by Milo Smith, who retained Judge C. C. Cole. Mr. Gue was chosen assistant secretary of the Senate at that session. In 1859 he connected his name imperishably with history, in a secret effort to save the lives of John Brown and his companions who were then organizing the " raid " on Harper's Ferry. The particulars of this episode are to be found in Vol. II. of this history. When a small boy David J. had possessed a remarkable talent for pencil sketching, especially of portraits. In 1865 he located at Fort Dodge in the drug business. But his love for art grew with the years and he finally sold out and gave his attention to portrait painting. Among his Iowa work are portraits of John A. Kasson, Bishop H. W. Lee, Gover- nors Merrill, Carpenter and Larrabee; Chief Justices of the Supreme Court
OF IOWA 113
J. M. Beck, J. R. Reed and C. C. Cole. Settling in New York many years ago, his most notable portraits were Ex-President Millard Fillmore, Gen- eral U. S. Grant, Henry Ward Beecher, Lyman Abbott, Nellie, daughter of President Arthur. In 1808 Mr. Gue visited the art centers of Europe, making studies of many notable places. He has attained remarkable suc- cess in marine painting. D. N. Richardson, editor of the Davenport Demo- crat wrote of Mr. Gue as an artist:
" It was not until he was twenty-four years old that he saw an oil painting. After twelve years of work as a portrait painter in New York, he occupies a position that many of the hardest working students of the best foreign masters have failed to attain.'
>i
EDWARD A. GUILBERT was bom at Waukegan, Illinois, June 12, 1827. He studied medicine, taking up his residence in Dubuque, Iowa, in 1857, where he became one of the foremost homeopathic practitioners in the State. At the beginning of the Civil War he was appointed Surgeon of the Board of Enrollment of the Third District. In 1864 he recruited a company which was incorporated into the Forty-sixth Iowa Volunteers. Dr. Guilbert was especially prominent as a Mason, in which order he served in all of the high offices. For several years he edited and published a magazine called The Evergreen which was devoted to the interests of the Masonic fraternity. In 1872 he was nominated by the Liberal Republicans and Democrats for Secretary of State but was defeated. He was for many years a member of the State Board of Health and at one time its presi- dent, the first homeopathist to hold that position. He was a prominent and influential member of the Grand Army of the Republic. His death occurred at Dubuque on the 4th of March, 1900.
FRANCIS GUITTAR was one of the first white men to make a home in western Iowa. He was born in St. Louis September 25, 1800, and was of French descent. At the age of fourteen Francis obtained a position on a steamer owned by the American Fur Company and made trips up the Missouri River along the west border of the future State of Iowa. He soon acquired a thorough knowledge of the fur trade and was appointed in 1827 agent at "Traders Point," where Council BlufTs stands. Here he lived and transacted the business of that famous company for twenty- three years. On his arrival he found the trading posts to consist of two log buildings and a few tents. The country was occupied by various tribes of Indians who came with hides of deer, elk, buffalo and furs to ex- change for ammunition and goods. Mr. Guittar was honorable in his dealings and never sought to defraud the Indians but won their confidence and enduring friendship. He was chosen by the Pawnees as one of their war chiefs and led them in a battle with the Sioux which was fought near where the town of Fremont stands. When the fur trade was abandoned in that
[Vol. 4]
114 HISTORY
region Mr. Guittar established a store in the old Mormon town of Kanes- ville in a log building which stood at the comer of Broadway and Main streets in the city of Council Bluffs. He died in that city in May, 1896.
WILLIAM H. F. GUKLEY was bom in Washington, D. C, in 1830. When a lad he was chosen clerk of a committee on which Abraham Lincoln, who was a member of the House of Representatives, was serving. He was a favorite with the tall, awkward member from Illinois, who never forgot the bright, black-eyed boy clerk of his committee. When but sixteen years of age, young Gurley accompanied Dr. Owen of the United States Geo- logical Survey on one of his exploring expeditions to the far west, where he obtained his first view of the great, wild prairies of Iowa as they were in 1846-7. He was so fascinated with the beauty of the picturesque rivers, woods, bluffs and rolling prairie, that he then determined some day to re- turn and make his home in the new State. In 1854 he came to Davenport and opened a law office. He was an active Republican and in 1850 was nominated for Representative in the Eighth General Assembly and elected. He was made chairman of the committee of ways and means and drafted the revenue system which for many years has been so successful in pro- viding funds for the State expenses. Soon after the election of Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican President, he tendered to his former commit- tee clerk the position of United States District Attorney for Iowa. His health failed under the pressure of the exacting labors of that position, after a few years, and he found it necessary to resign. He was appointed Consul to Quebec, but a fatal malady had overtaken him and after a short term he died. He was cut down on the threshold of what promised to be a useful and brilliant career at the early age of thirty-five.
A. L. HAGER was bom near Jamestown, Chautauqua County, New York, October 20, 1850. In the spring of 1850 his father came to Iowa and located near Cottonville in Jackson County. The son received his education in high school and in the fall of 1874 entered the Law Depart- ment of the State University at Iowa City where he graduated in 1875. He removed to Greenfield in Adair County where he opened a law office. In the fall of 1801 he was nominated by the Republican Convention of the Sixteenth District, composed of Madison and Adair counties, for State Senator, was elected, serving two years, when he was elected Representative in Congress from the Ninth District. He was reelected in 1894 and again in 1896, serving six years. He presided over the Republican State Con- vention in 1802.
AUGUSTUS HALL was born at Batavia, New York, April 20, 1814, and spent his boyhood on his father's farm. After securing a good edu- cation he studied law and was admitted to the bar. After removing to
OF IOWA 115
Ohio he was elected county attorney in 1840, serying two years. In 1844 he removed to Iowa, settling at Keosauqua, Van Buren County, where he opened a law office. In 1852 he was chosen hy the Democrats one of the presidential electors and cast his vote for Franklin Pierce. In 1854 he was the Democratic candidate for Congress in the First District and was elected over R. L. B. Clark, Whig. He served hut one term, heing defeated at the election of 1856 by Samuel R. Curtis the Republican candidate. Mr. Hall removed to Nebraska where he was, in 1857, elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He died in that State in February, 1861.
BENTON J. HALL was the son of Judge J. C. Hall who was one of the early judges of the Iowa Supreme Court. Benton J. was bom at Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, on the 13th of January, 1835, receiving his education at Knox College and the Miami University in Ohio. In 1839 his father came with his family to the newly organized Territory of Iowa, opening a law office in Burlington, where his son, Benton J., began the study of that profession and was admitted to the bar in 1857. In 1871 he was elected, on the Democratic ticket, to the House of Representatives of the Fourteenth General Assembly, his colleague being John H. Gear. In 1881 he was elected to the Senate, serving four years. In 1884 he was elected to Congress in the First District, serving one term, being the first Democrat chosen from that District for thirty years. In 1886 he was ap- pointed by President Cleveland Commissioner of Patents, and conducted the affairs of that office with distinguished ability. As a lawyer Mr. Hall ranked high and as a citizen he commanded the respect of all classes. He died on the 5th of January, 1894.
JONATHAN C. HALL was bom at Batavia, New York, February 27, 1808, and was reared on a farm. He attended district school winters and a few terms at Wyoming Academy. He taught school three winters and helped to survey several new counties. In 1828 he began to study law, removed to Ohio and was admitted to the bar of Colimibus. In 1839 he came to Iowa Territory and a year later opened a law office at Mount Pleasant where in a few years he acquired a large practice, attending courts in eleven counties. In 1844 he was chosen a delegate to the First Constitutional Convention and was one of the prominent framers of the Constitution that was rejected. Soon after he removed to Burlington and in 1854 was appointed Supreme Judge to fill a vacancy. In 1855 he was elected president of the Burlington & Missouri Railroad Company and was one of the infiuential promoters of that line. In 1857 he was again a member of the Constitutional Convention which framed our present Con- stitution. He was one of the authors of the State Board of Education which was provided for in that instrument. In 1859 he was elected to the Eighth General Assembly and took a prominent part in the enactment of
116 HISTORY
the Code of 18(K). In politics Judge Hall was a Democrat; as a lawyer, judge and legislator, he had few equals in the State he served so long and well. He died June 11, 1874.
MOSES M. HAM, journalist and Senator, was bom at Lyman, York County, Maine, on the 23d of March, 1833. He removed to the State of New York where his early education was acquired at Lima Seminary. He then entered Union College at Schenectady where he graduated in 1855. In 1857 he engaged in journalism, which became his life work. He came to Iowa in September, 1863, locating at Dubuque, where the following year he purchased an interest in the Dubt^ue Herald, one of the leading Democratic journals of the State. The Herald was always a live paper which could give and take hard blows in political conflicts. Mr. Ham was one of the leaders of his party and for sixteen years was a member of the National Democratic Committee for Iowa. He took a deep interest in education and was for a long time president of the Dubuque school board and one of the regents of the State University. In 1877, he waa elected to the State Senate for a term of four years, serving in the Seven- teenth and Eighteenth General Assemblies. In March, 1896, Mr. Ham con- tributed to the Annals of Iowa the most valuable historical article on Julien Dubuque, " The First White Man in Iowa," that, so far as I am in- formed, has ever been written. It contained many heretofore unpublished facts relating to that settlement which, dating from soon after the close of the War of the American Revolution (1788), must be for all time of deep interest to Iowa people. In 1899, Mr. Ham disposed of a large interest in the Herald establishment and retired from its management after thirty-live years of continuous service. His son. Colonel Cliflford D. Ham, succeeded to the editorial control of the daily Herald, Mr. Ham died at his home in Dubuque on the 25th of December, 1902.
JOHN T. HAMILTON was bom near Geneseo, Henry County, Illinois, on the 16th of October, 1843. He was reared on a farm and received but an ordinary education. He removed to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1868 and engaged in the sale of farm machinery. He has served on the board of supervisors, mayor of Cedar Rapids, president of Cedar Rapids Savings Bank and director of the Electric Light Company. In 1885 he was elected on the Democratic ticket one of the Representatives in the Legislature, and was twice reelected, serving six years in the House. In 1890 he was elected Speaker of the House of the Twenty-third General Assembly. In October of the same year he was elected to Congress for the Fifth District on the Democratic ticket over George R. Struble, Republican, serving but one term. He was a candidate for reillection in 1892 but was defeated by . R. G. Cousins, Republican.
MOSKS M, !ia:
OF IOWA 117
WILLIAM W. HAMILTON was a native of England and located at Dubuque, upon his arrival in America, in 1845. He was a good lawyer and took a deep interest in all public affairs, including education and poli- tics. In 1849 he was elected probate judge of Dubuque County, serving in that capacity until 1852, when the probate business was, by the new Code, turned over to the county judges of the several counties. In 1854 Judge Hamilton was elected to the State Senate from the northeastern dis- trict which consisted of the counties of Dubuque, Delaware, Buchanan, Black Hawk, Grundy, Butler, Bremer, Clayton, Fayette, Allamakee, Win- neshiek, Howard, Mitchell, Floyd and Chickasaw. Before the meeting of the Sixth General Assembly, the senatorial district had been divided and the counties of Dubuque and Delaware made the Thirty-first District, from which Judge Hamilton was chosen to the Senate for four years. At the convening of the Sixth General Assembly, the Democrats were in a minor- ity in the Senate and Judge Hamilton, who was a Whig, was elected president. He was a popular and able presiding officer and when the Gen- eral Assembly was organizing many new counties and deciding upon their names, the rare compliment was extended to the presiding officer, of giving his name to the new county taken from the old county of Webster. In the meantime, before the next General Assembly was chosen, the new Con- stitution of 1857 was framed and adopted and new districts arranged, so that Judge Hamilton, with others, was thrown out, having served but half the time for which he had been chosen.
WILLIAM G. HAMMOND was bom at Newport, Rhode Island, May 3, 1829. He graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1849 from Amherst, read law in Brooklyn and New York for three years and was admitted to the bar in 1851, practicing in those cities until 1856. He then went abroad for two years and returning in 1858, soon went to Iowa, joining an en- gineering party and working his way to the position of chief engineer in a new railroad enterprise. He was later professor of languages in Bowen Collegiate Institute at Hopkinton for a year. In 1863 he resumed the prac- tice of law at Anamosa and three years later removed to Des Moines, where he became associated with Judges Wright and Cole in the Iowa Law School. In 1868 this institution was removed to Iowa City and became the Law Department of the State University with Mr. Hammond in charge; he became Chancellor in 1870 and the following year was appointed one of the Commissioners to codify the laws of Iowa. He received the degree of LL.D. from Iowa College in 1870 and also from Amherst in 1877. In 1881 Dr. Hammond resigned his position in the State University and became Dean of the St. Louis Law School which he retained until his death, April 12, 1894. In the history of the common law he was recognized as an authority without a superior in the United States. He published a Digest
118 HISTOET
of the Deddons of the Supreme Court of Iowa, an edition of Blaekstone'e Commentaries and other works. From 1889 he was at the head of the committee on legal education of the American Bar Association. He was for several years president of the State Historical Society.
PHILIP C. HANNA was born in Waterloo, Iowa, June 27, 1867. He was educated for a Methodist minister and was engaged several years in that work. In 1889 he was appointed by President Harrison United States Consul General for Venezuela and during the administration of that office won world-wide fame for his energetic action in securing the release from imprisonment of the consuls of Russia, France, Belgium and several other nations. These consuls were seized by the dictator of that coimtry and held for large ransoms, but through the prompt measures taken by Mr. Hanna were released. For this act Consul Hanna received the thanks of twenty-one nations for rescuing their consuls and citizens. After the overthrow of the dictator the Congress of Venezuela conferred upon Mr. Hanna the rank of count. In 1897 Mr. Hanna was appointed Consul Gen- eral to Porto Rico and rendered distinguished services to our country during the war with Spain. After peace was restored Mr. Hanna was appointed Consul General at Monterey in Mexico.
JAMES HARLAN was born in Clarke County, Illinois, August 26, 1820. His father removed to Park County, Indiana, three years later where the son was reared on a farm. He graduated at Asbury University in 1845. In 1846 Mr. Harlan located at Iowa City where he studied law and was admitted to the bar. In 1847 he was nominated by the Whig party for Superintendent of Public Instruction and was elected over Charles Mason, the Democratic candidate. In 1849, at the Whig State Conven- tion, Mr. Harlan was nominated for Governor but not being eligible on account of youth, he declined, and another candidate was named by the State Central Committee. In 1853 he was chosen president of the Wes- leyan University at Mount Pleasant. At the session of the Fifth General Assembly in 1855, after a long and exciting contest for election of United States Senator, the Wliigs and Free Soil members united upon Mr. Harlan and, casting their votes for him, he was declared elected for six years to succeed General Dodge. His election was contested in the Senate and the seat was declared vacant, in 1857. The Legislature being in session, Mr. Harlan was promptly rdUected. In 1861 he was elected for a second terra of six years. In March, 1865, he was invited to a seat in the Cabinet of President Lincoln as Secretary of the Interior but did not enter upon the duties of the position until May 15, when he resigned his scat in the Senate. In the meantime the President had been assassinated and was succeeded by Andrew Johnson. In September, Mr. Harlan resigned his seat in the Cabinet and in January, 1866, was again elected to the Senate
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for six years. During his long service in the Senate Mr. Harlan became one of the foremost leaders of the Republican party. Serving during all of the years in which the momentous issues of slavery, secession, rebellion and reconstruction were absorbing the profound attention of the ablest statesmen of America, he was called upon to assist in solving the most difficult problems that have arisen since the formation of our Grovernment and was equal to the occasion. How wisely and ably he and his colleagues guided the Nation through its imminent dangers is recorded in history. Among the foremost statesmen of that period the name of James Harlan will always stand conspicuous. During the administration of President Grant, Senators Siunner and Schurz, who were among the great leaders of the Republican party for many years, became alienated from the President and organized an opposition in the Senate which assailed the Administra- tion and its chief measures, with great bitterness. President Grant had negotiated a treaty \iith the government of San Domingo, by which that island desired to be annexed to the United States on favorable terms to our Nation. Sumner, Sohurz and a few other Senators dominated by their influence, formed a combination which was strong enough to defeat the ratification of the treaty. In a studied speech Siunner assailed President Grant personally in one of the most abusive speeches ever delivered in the Senate, in connection with this treaty. Senator Harlan in a calm, able and statesmanlike address, made a masterly reply in vindication of Presi- dent Grant and his patriotic services to the country in civil and military affairs, and the wisdom of the policy that would have given to the Nation one of the most important and productive islands of the West Indies. This speech pf the senior Iowa Senator made a profound impression upon the country and Europe and placed him in the front rank of patriotic American statesmen. As his third term drew to a close, a powerful movement was organized by the northern half of the State (which had long been unrepresented in the Senate) to secure the election of a member living in that section. William B. Allison was the candidate united upon and in the Republican caucus he was nominated over Mr. Harlan and elected. Senator Harlan had for nearly eighteen years served as the col- league of such eminent statesmen as Seward, Douglas, Sumner, Fessenden, Edmunds, Bayard, Jefferson Davis, Mason, Grimes and Henry Wilson. He was a trusted adviser of Presidents Lincoln and Grant. His knowledge of the affairs of government was unsurpassed. As a public speaker he was calm, deliberate, logical and impressive. After his retirement to pri- vate life, Mr. Harlan was, from 1882 to 1885, the Presiding Judge of the Alabama Claims Commission. He was one of the commissioners who erected the Iowa Soldiers' Monument. His last act in a public capacity was presiding at the laying of the comer-stone of the Iowa Hall of History, May 17, 1899. He died at Mount Pleasant on the 6th of October of the same year.
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W. F. HARRIMAN was bom in Warner, New Hampshire, August 16, 1841. His education was acquired in the public schools of his native town and in the New London Literary and Scientific Institution. He worked on a farm and taught school until his parents removed to Iowa in 1860, when he began to read law. In 1869 he was admitted to the bar at Charles City and settled in Cherokee where he began practice. He soon became a large land owner and planted the first artificial grove in that county. In 187G he removed to Hampton in Franklin County where he resumed the practice of law. Retiring from active practice in 1888, Mr. Harriman engaged extensively in farming and stock raising. In 1891 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the House of the Twenty-fourth General Assembly, serving by reflection also in the Twenty- fifth General Assembly. In 1895 he was elected to the Senate from the district composed of the counties of Cerro Gordo, Hancock and Franklin, serving in the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh General Assemblies. He was the author of the act creating the Department of Agriculture.
ELDEN J. HARTSHORN, soldier and legislator, was born in Lunen- burg, Vermont, June 16, 1842. He was educated in the public schools and St. Johnsbury Academy where he prepared for college. In 1862 he en- listed in Company E, Fifteenth Vermont Volunteers, and was soon pro- moted to second lieutenant. He was offered a West Point cadetship, but declined to leave the service. In 1864 Lieutenant Hartshorn was promoted to captain of Company G, Seventeenth Vermont Infantry and joined Bum- side's Ninth Army Corps in the Army of the Potomac. The regiment was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Tolopotomy Creek, North Anna River, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and the fall of Richmond. At the close of the war Captain Hartshorn studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1869 and coming west the following year, located at Emmetsburg, in Palo Alto County, Iowa. Here he was land agent for the Milwaukee Railroad and represented many non-resident land owners. In 1873 he was elected Representative in the House of the Fifteenth Gen- eral Assembly from the district consisting of the counties of Pocahontas, Buena Vista, Palo Alto and Emmet. He was elected to the Senate in 1875 serving in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth General Assemblies. In 1898 Captain Hartshorn was appointed to a position in the Interior De- partment at Washington.
SERRANUS C. HASTINGS was born in Jefferson County, New York, on the 22d of November, 1814. He was liberally educated and at the age of twenty became Principal of Norwich Academy. In 1834 he removed to Lawrenceburg, Indiana, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar. In the presidential campaign of 1836 he was employed as editor of the Indiana Signal, supporting Martin Van Buren for President. In 1837 he
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removed to the " Black Hawk Purchase/' locating at Bloomington where he opened a law office. When Iowa was organized as a Territory Mr. Hastings was elected a member of the House of the First Legislative As- sembly, serving two terms. In 1840 he was elected to the Council where he served in the Third, Fourth, Seventh and Eighth Legislative Assemblies and was President of the Council of 1845. He exercised wide influence in framing the laws of the Territory and was one of the compilers of the ** Blue Book ** of Iowa laws, being associated in that work with James W. Grimes. He was commander of three companies of militia, with the rank of major in the Missouri boundary conflict. In 1846, when Iowa became a State, Mr. Hastings was nominated by the Democrats for Representative in Congress for the State at large and elected over G. C. R. Mitchell the Whig candidate. In 1848 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Iowa. In 1849 he removed to California where he served as Attomey-Greneral and later as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that State. He died in San Francisco, February 18, 1893.
EDWARD HATCH was born in the SUte of Maine in 1832. He re- moved to Iowa and at the beginning of the Civil War was living at Mus- catine where he was engaged in the lumber business. In August, 1861, Mr. Hatch was appointed major in the Second Iowa Cavalry. He rose rapidly to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and in June, 1862, was commis- sioned colonel of the regiment. He was an excellent cavalry officer and distinguished himself in many brilliant engagements while in command of that famous regiment. He was often in command of a brigade and in the spring of 1864 he was promoted to Brigadier-General. After the close of the war he was appointed colonel in the regular army and placed in command of the Ninth Cavalry. During his entire military career he was engaged in nearly a hundred battles. He served on the western frontier against the Indians up to the time of his death, which occurred from an accident near Fort Robinson, Nebraska, in April, 1889.
FRANK HATTON was born at Cadiz, Ohio, on the 28th of April, 1846, receiving his education in his father's printing office. He enlisted in the Union army in 1864 and became a lieutenant before the war closed. Soon after his father removed to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and became the owner of the Journal where the son continued to assist in the office, until his father's death when he became the proprietor of the establishment. He was a warm friend of Senator James Harlan and in the contest for reflection in 1872, was one of the Senator's strongest supporters. After Mr. Harlan's defeat Mr. Hatton removed to Burlington where he became the editor of the daily Hawkeye and was appointed postmaster of the city. When President Garfleld was inaugurated Mr. Hatton was appointed First Assistant Postmaster-General and upon the resignation of Mr. Gresham he
122 HISTOBY
succeeded him at the head of the Post-Offioe Department, becoming a mem- ber of President Arthur's Cabinet. He was at one time chairman of the Republican State Central Committee of Iowa. He removed to Washington, D. C, and became one of the editors of the daily Post where he died on the 30th of Apnl, 1894.
GILBERT N. HAUGEN was born in Rock County, Wisconsin, April 21, 1859. He was reared on a farm and attended the common schools. In 1877 he came to Iowa and bought a farm in Worth Coimty where he en- gaged in farming, grain buying, selling farm implements and hardware. In 1887 he was elected county treasurer, serving six years. In 1895 he was elected on the Republican ticket to represent the district composed of Worth and Winnebago counties in the House of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly. He was reelected in 1897, serving two terms. In 1898 he was elected to Congress in the Fourth District and was reelected in 1900 and again in 1902.
WALTER I. HAYES was born in Marshall, Michigan, December 9, 1841. He entered the Law Department of the Michigan University, graduat- ing in 1863, and coming to Iowa in 1866 became a law partner of Adjutant- General N. B. Baker. He was three times elected city solicitor of Clinton, and was elected judge of the Seventh Judicial District in 1878, serving until 1887. His most notable decision during his term of service was that de* daring the Prohibitory Amendment to the Constitution, adopted by a vote of the people, to be void. Upon appeal to the Supreme Court his decision was sustained. In 1876 he was one of the Democratic candidates for Su- preme Judge but was defeated with his party ticket. In 1886 he was elected Representative in Congress from the Second District and three times reelected, serving until 1895. Mr. Hayes was a warm supporter of the Hennepin canal. He served at the extra session of the Twenty-sixth Gen- eral Assembly, which acted upon the new code. He was a life-long Demo- crat and one of the leaders of the party in Iowa. He died on the 14th of March, 1901.
EDWARD R. HAYS was bom in Wood County, Ohio, May 26, 1847. He was educated at Heidelberg College, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He removed to Iowa, taking up his residence at Knoxville, and was elected to Congress on the Republican ticket in 1890 to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of E. H. Conger.
WILLIAM C. HAYWARD was bom in Cattaraugus County, New York, November 22, 1847. His education was acquired in the public schools of Minneapolis and Iowa, and at the Iowa Agricultural College. He came with his parents to Iowa in 1864. After leaving college he became county
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sunreyor, and was for twelve years postmaster at Gamer. For fourteen years he was editor of a country newspaper, and has since been engaged in milling, banking and manufacturing. After removing to Davenport Mr. Hayward was five years president of the school board. In 1897 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate, serving in the Twenty- seventh, Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth General Assemblies. He introduced a bill providing for compulsory education which paved the way for the law which was enacted at the following session.
ALBERT HEAD was born November 25, 1838, in Highland County, Ohio. He was reared on a farm and in 1855 came overland in an emigrant wagon to Iowa, locating in Poweshiek County. He taught school several years, studied law, gaining admission to the bar in 1859. At the same time he was engaged in publishing the Montezuma Republican in company with Colonel S. F. Cooper. In 1861 Mr. Head assisted in the organization of Company F, Tenth Iowa Volunteers, and was commissioned captain. In 1863 he was promoted to Assistant Adjutant-General, serving on the staff of Generals Matthies, McPherson and Raum. He was several times wounded in the battles of Corinth, Champion's Hill and Vicksburg. Inmie- diately after the close of the war Captain Head settled at Jefferson in Greene County where he resumed the practice of law and was interested in several business enterprises, becoming president of a number of banks. He was president of the Greene County Agricultural Society and a trus- tee of Drake University. In 1883 he was elected Representative in the Twentieth General Assembly and was reelected to the Twenty-flrst and chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives, and again reelected to the Twenty-second and Twenty- third General Assemblies. He has served as president and treasurer of the State Agricultural Society.
THOMAS D. HEALY was bom in Lansing, Iowa, May 25, 1865, and secured a good education in Notre Dame University, Indiana, and the Law Department of the Iowa State University. He removed to Fort Dodge where he engaged in the practice of law, and was for five years city solici- tor. He was an active Republican and served on the committee on resolu- tions in the Republican State Convention of 1893. In 1895 he was elected to the State Senate for the district composed of the counties of Calhoun and Webster, serving by reflection in the Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh, Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth General Assemblies. He was the most in- fluential advocate and founder of the system of placing the public institu- tions of the State under the management of a non-partisan Board of Con- trol. He had gathered facts and statistics relating to the working of this system in other States which were powerful factors in overcoming the opposition to that policy and greatly aided in the enactment of the law. After the system had been adopted Mr. Healy was influential in securing
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the appointment of men of the highest character and qualifications for members of the board.
ALFRED HEBARD was bom in Windham, Connecticut, May 10, 1811. He graduated at Yale College in 1832 and became a civil engineer. After a few years of teaching he came to the west and settled on a farm near Burlington, then in Wisconsin Territory, in 1837. In 1842 he served on a commission appointed by Governor Chambers to adjust the claims of traders amounting to $250,000, against the Sac and Fox Indians. Mr. Hebard built the first bridge on the military road opened from Burlington to the Indian Agency on the Des Moines River. He was elected to the Territorial Legislature in 1840 and was twice reelected, serving in the Third, Fourth and Sixth Legislative Assemblies, taking a prominent part in framing laws for the new Territory of Iowa. In 1846 he was elected to the First General Assembly of the State, serving at the regular and extra sessions. In 1866 Mr. Hebard made a survey for the Burlington & Mis- souri Railroad from river to river. While on the survey he selected and purchased a large tract of land in Montgomery County where the town of Red Oak was afterwards laid out. He made his home on a fine farm near the town. During the Civil War Mr. Hebard was employed by the Grov- emment in building railroad bridges in the south as the Union armies advanced. He was a life-long Democrat and died September 21, 1890.
THOMAS HEDGE was bom at Burlington in the Territory of Iowa, on the 24th of June, 1844. He received a college education, graduating from Yale in 1867 and from Columbia College Law Department in 1869. He served as a lieutenant in a New York regiment during the Civil War and, returning to Burlington, entered upon the practice of law. In 1898 he was elected on the Republican ticket to Congress from the First District) was reelected in 1900 and again in 1902.
JOHN M. HEDRICK was bom in Rush County, Indiana, on the 16th of December, 1832. He received but a common school education yet quali- fied himself for teaching by the time he was seventeen years of age. For three years he worked on his father's farm summers, teaching winters. He came to Iowa and opened a store in Ottumwa but soon after the beginning of the Civil War entered the service as first lieutenant of Company D, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry and was afterward promoted to captain. At the Battle of ShilcA he was wounded and taken prisoner. After remaining a prisoner six months he was exchanged, returned to his regiment and soon after was promoted to major. The regiment was in Sherman's campaign through the Gulf States and, in August, 1864, Hedrick was promoted to colonel. At the Battle of Atlanta he was severely wounded and completely disabled for active service. In the spring of 1865 he was brevetted Briga-
■//T^ JivTT'i^z^i'^^^
OF IOWA 125
dier-Gkneral for gallant services in the Atlanta campaign. After the war he was for many years editor of the Ottumtoa Courier, He was several years employed in responsible positions in the revenue service.
HERMAN C. HEMENWAY, one of the prominent lawyers and Re- publicans of Northern Iowa, is a native of the State of New York, having been bom at Potsdam, April 1, 1834. He acquired a good education and taught school several years. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and began to practice at Freeport, Illinois, in 1860. The next spring he removed to Iowa, locating at Independence, enlisted in the Twenty-seventh Volunteer Infantry and served three years in the Civil War. At the close of his term of enlistment he settled at Cedar Falls where he resumed the practice of law. In 1875 he was elected Representative in the Sixteenth General Assembly, and in 1877 he was elected to the Senate, serving in that body in the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Gen- eral Assemblies.
STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD, second Governor of the State of Iowa, was bom at New London, Connecticut, on the 1st of October, 1812. In 1828 his father removed with his family to Missouri where he made his home on a farm near St. Louis. In 1830 Stephen procured a position as clerk in a store at Galena, Illinois, and when the Black Hawk War came he enlisted in an artillery company and served until peace was restored. He then entered college at Jacksonville where he remained until 1833 when he began the study of law. In 1835 he was admitted to the bar and the following year opened the first law ofllce in the new town of Du- buque. When Iowa Territory was established in 1838 Mr. Hempstead was elected to the Council of the First Legislative Assembly. He was made chairman of the judiciary committee when but twenty-six years of age. At the second session Mr. Hempstead was chosen President of the Council. In 1844 he was elected one of the delegates to the First Constitutional Convention and was appointed chairman of the committee on incorpora- tions. In 1845 he was again chosen to the Coimcil of the Seventh Legisla- tive Assembly and in the Eighth he was again elected President of the Council. In February, 1848, he was appointed one of the commissioners to revise the laws of the State. His colleagues were Charles Mason and William G. Woodward. They prepared and reported the Code of 1851 which was approved by the General Assembly and enacted into law. In 1850 Mr. Hempstead was nominated by the Democratic State Convention for Governor, was elected over the Whig candidate, James L. Thompson, and served four years. After the expiration of his term. Governor Hemp- stead returned to Dubuque where he served as county judge and auditor until 1873. He died on the 16th of Febmary, 1883. Governor Sherman issued a proclamation enumerating the valuable public services of Governor
126 HISTORY
Hempstead and had the flag displayed on the State House at half-mast in memory of the departed statesman. Although not a brilliant man. Gover- nor Hempstead was a sound lawyer, an intelligent and influential legis- lator who gave the State valuable services in framing the early laws of the Territory and State. His administration as Governor was alike credit- able to himself and to the State.
HENRY B. HENDERSHOTT was born in Miami County, Ohio, May 15, 1816, and his youthful years were spent on a farm in Hlinois. He earned his way through college at Jacksonville by labor on a farm. In 1837 he came to the "Black Hawk Purchase" and studied law in Bur- lington. He began to practice at Agency City in 1843 and two years later was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Seventh District. As clerk of the court, he organized the county of Wapello. In 1847 he was ap- pointed Deputy Surveyor-General of Iowa and Wisconsin under General Jones. Xn 1848 he was appointed one of the commissioners, with Joseph G. Brown, to settle the dbputed boundary between the States of Iowa and Missouri. They, in conjunction with a similar commission from Missouri, established a boundary line which was flnally adopted and confirmed by the courts as the true and permanent boundary. In 1850 Mr. Hendershott was elected to the State Senate from the district composed of the counties of Wapello, Lucas and Monroe, serving four years. He took a prominent part in the enactment of the Code of 1851. He was a member of the Iowa Geo- graphical and Historical Societies and was a frequent contributor to their publications. In 1856 he was elected judge of the Third District. He was one of the early and influential leaders of the Democratic party of Iowa. He died at Ottumwa August 10, 1900.
DAVID B. HENDERSON was a native of Scotland, having been bom at Old Deer, on the 14th of March, 1840. He came to America with his father's family in 1846 and in 1849 removed to Iowa, locating on a farm in Fayette County. He remained with his father on the farm assisting him in the summer season and attending school in the winter and flnally entered the Upper Iowa University, where he was pursuing his studies when the Rebellion began. The students were greatly excited and in their young enthusiasm many hastened to enlist, among whom was Henderson, who was not yet twenty-one. He volunteered in August, 1861, and was chosen flrst lieutenant of Company C, Twelfth Infantry. He was wounded at Fort Donelson and again severely at Corinth, having his left foot ampu- tated, so that he had to leave the service in February, 1863. When the Forty-sixth Regiment was organized in June, 1864, he was so far recovered that he was appointed colonel and assumed command for the "hundred days'" service. In the meantime he had served as Commissioner of the Board of Enrollment of the Third District. In November, 1865, he was
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appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Third District, serying until June, 1869, when he resigned and became a member of the law firm of Shiras, Van Duzee & Henderson. Soon after he was appointed Assist- ant District Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa, serving two years. In the fall of 1882 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in Congress for the Third District. He was continuously reelected to the close of the Nineteenth Century. At the opening of the Fifty-sixth Con- gress, December, 1899, Colonel Henderson was unanimously nominated by the Republicans for Speaker and elected. During the fourteen years that he had served on the floor of the House, Colonel Henderson had won the respect and esteem of his colleagues of all political parties. He is an eloquent and impressive public speaker and has exercised marked influence upon legislation. In Iowa, where he is as widely known as any man in public life, no citizen of the State has more, or warmer friends. Although representing a district that has sometimes been very close politically, he was never defeated, but served longer continuously that any other Repre- sentative in the lower House of Congress from Iowa, since it has had an existence as a State.
PARIS P. HENDERSON was born at Liberty, Union County, Indiana, January 3, 1825. He was educated in the common schools and in 1849 came to Iowa, making his home in Warren County, where he was appointed organizing sheriff, a position he held until 1859 when he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate. He served in the regular session of 1860 and at the extra war session of 1861. He then resigned and en- tered the military service as captain of Company G, Tenth Iowa Infantry. On the 27th of January he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant^colonel ; in February, 1863, he was promoted to colonel of the regiment and served with distinction to the close of the war. Returning to Indianola he was elected treasurer of Warren County and later mayor of Indianola.
JOEL E. HENDRICKS, a noted mathematician, was bom in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, March 10, 1818. He early developed a love of mathematics and began to teach school at nineteen years of age. He chanced to procure Moore's Navigation and Ostrander's Astronomy and, without instruction, soon became able to work in trigonometry and calcu- late solar and lunar eclipses. He took up algebra while teaching and soon became master of that science without instruction. He taught mathe- matics two years in Neville Academy, Ohio, and then occupied a position on a Government survey in Colorado in 1861. In 1864 he located in Des Moines, Iowa and pursued his mathematical studies. In 1874 he began the publication of the Analyst, a journal of pure and applied mathematics and soon won a reputation in Europe among eminent scholars as one of the most advanced mathematicians of the day. His Analyst was taken by the
128 HISTORY
colleges and universities of Europe and found a place in the best foreign libraries. His name became famous among all mathematical experts of the world. Among his correspondents were Benjamin Silliman, John W. Draper and James D. Dana; while his journal was authority at Yale and Johns Hopkins Universities. For ten years, up to 1884, this world-famous Analyai was published at Des Moines by Dr. Joel E. Hendricks. Up to the time it was discontinued, no journal of mathematics had been published BO long in America. It is one of the remarkable events of the Nineteenth Century that a self-educated man should, by his own genius and industry, without instruction, reach such an exalted place among the world's great scholars. Dr. Hendricks died in Des Moines on the 0th of June, 1803.
BERNHART HENN was bom in 1820 at Cherry Valley, New York. He secured a good education and in 1830 came to Iowa, locating at Bur- lington where he was a clerk in the United States Land Office. In 1844 Mr. Henn was appointed Register of the United States Land Office which had been removed to Fairfield. After serving four years he was elected to Congress on the Democratic ticket from the First District. He was reelected, serving four years. In 1853 he organized the firm of Henn, Wil- liams & Company, which was extensively engaged in banking and real estate business in different parts of the State. This company laid out a portion of Fairfield and was among the original proprietors of Fort Dodge. Mr. Henn was a gifted writer and a frequent contributor to the Burlington Gazette, Although never a member of the State Legislature or a Consti- tutional Convention, Mr. Henn exercised wide influence in framing laws and shaping public policy in the early history of the Territory and State. He was an ardent Democrat of the old school and long one of the political leaders of the State. He died at Fairfield August 31, 1868.
WILLIAM P. HEPBURN was bom at Wellsville, Ohio, on the 4th of November, 1833. His father removed with his family to Iowa in 1841. The son attended the public schools and learned the printer's trade, afterwards read law and was admitted to the bar and, in 1856, was elected Prose- cuting Attorney in Marshall County. In 1858 he was chosen chief clerk of the House of the Seventh General Assembly. In October of the same year he was elected District Attorney of the Eleventh District. When the Rebellion began, Mr. Hepburn raised a company for the Second Iowa Cav- alry, of which he was commissioned captain. In September, 1862, he was promoted to major of the regiment and in November became lieutenant- colonel, serving until the regiment was mustered out in 1864. In 1876 he was one of the presidential electors on the Republican ticket. Having removed to Page County he was, in 1880, elected to Congress by the Re- publicans of the Eighth District. He was reelected in 1882 and again in 1884. In 1886 he was defeated by Major A. R. Anderson. In 1888 he was
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jchosen presidential elector. In 1802 he waa again elected to Congress and has been reelected in 1804, 1896, 1898, 1900 and 1902. Mr. Hepburn is a public speaker of unusual power and eloquence as well as an able debater. His long term of service in Congress has given him great influence in that body and for many years he has been one of the earnest workers for the construction of the Nicaraguan inter-ocean ship canal.
JOHN HERRIOTT was born at Herriottsville, in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, October 24, 1844, where his youthful years were spent on a farm. He usually attended school a few weeks in the winter season un- til he was twelve years of age when he received three months' instruction in the Normal School in the winter of 1865. When the Civil War began young Herriott enlisted in a Pennsylvania regiment and served as a private soldier in nearly all of the great battles fought by the Army of the Poto- mac up to September 27, 1864, when his term of service expired. In August, 1865, he emigrated to Iowa, settling on a farm near New Liberty, Scott County. In 1872, Mr. Herriott removed to Stuart where he opened a drug and book store. He was elected on the Republican ticket treasurer of the county, serving two terms and making a record which brought him out as a prominent candidate for State Treasurer. He re- ceived the Republican nomination for that position in 1894, was elected and twice reelected, serving three terms. He brought marked ability to the discharge of the duties of that office, introducing many new methods in the transaction of its important duties, which met general approval. As a member of the Executive Council Mr. Herriott took an independent stand in advocacy of whatever he believed to be right. He was a coura- geous advocate of important reforms in the assessment of corporate prop- erty, acting alone in that respect in the Executive Council. So warmly was his position indorsed by the people, that his Congressional District gave him a unanimous support for Governor in the Republican State Con- vention of 1901. The convention, however, nominated A. B. Cummins for Governor and Mr. Herriott for Lieutenant-Governor, to which position he was elected by a large majority.
FRANCIS J. HERRON was bom in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, on the 17th of February, 1837. He was educated at Western University in that city and began his business career as a clerk in a banking house. He afterwards became a partner in the bank. In 1855 he came to Iowa and with a brother established a bank at Dubuque. He was among the first to enter the military service upon the opening of the Civil War in 1861, having been chosen captain of Company I, which was incorporated into the First Iowa Volunteers, organized and sent to the field under the first call of President Lincoln for 75,000 men for three months' service. Mr. Herron took part in the Battle of Wilson's Creek and distinguished himself, so that
[Vol. 4]
130 HISTORY
when the Ninth Regiment was organized in September, he was commis- sioned lieutenant-colonel. He participated in the three days' Battle of Pea Ridge, where he was wounded and taken prisoner. He was promoted to Brigadier-General for gallant conduct in that battle. In the Battle of Prairie Grove General Herron won additional fame for his brilliant leader- ship and was in December made a Major-General. His services through- out the war were recognized by the great commanders under whom he served, and he must ever rank among the ablest military officers from Iowa in the Civil War. He removed to New York where his death occurred on the 8th of January, 1902.
SUMNER B. HEWETT was born in Northbridge, Massachusetts, on the 22d of June, 1833. He received a liberal education in the schools of that State, and in 1854 removed to Iowa, becoming a resident of Wright County, where his father's family were among the earliest pioneers. He ■elected for his home a beautiful farm including Eagle Grove, and six hun- dred acres of adjoining prairie. In 1861, Mr. Hewett was appointed county judge, serving three years. In 1862 he was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Sixth Congressional District which then embraced nearly one-third of the territory of the State. He had served as (me of the secretaries of the State Senate in the session of 1862. He was for many years one of the directors of the State Agricultural Society, and an influ- ential member of that organization. In 1871 he was elected to the House of Representatives of the Fourteenth General Assembly for the district con- sisting of the counties of Hamilton, Humboldt and Wright. He served on the committees of Agricultural College, of which he was chairman, railroads and public buildings. When the Northwestern Railroad was built through Wright County, the town of Eagle Grove included within its limits a portion of Judge Hewett's farm. He removed to California many years ago.
« AZRO B. F. HTTiDRETH, one of the veteran journalists of Iowa, was bom in Chelsea, Vermont, February 29, 1816. He began teaching at the age of sixteen and going to New York in 1837 learned the printer's trade. In 1839 he established a newspaper at Lowell, Massachusetts, and for several years conducted papers in that State and Vermont. In the spring of 1856 Mr. Hildreth removed to Charles City, Iowa, where he built a printing house and established the Charles City Intelligencer, which for fourteen years he made one of the largest and best printed of the weekly pppers of the State. In 1858 Mr. Hildreth was elected a member of the State Board of Education and took a prcmiinent part in framing laws which have given to Iowa an excellent school system. He was the leader of the movement to admit girls to the State University on equality with boys, a measure which encountered strong opposition. In 1863 Mr. Hil-
GERSHOM H. HILL
OF IOWA 131
dreth was elected to the House of the Tenth Qeneral Assembly, was chair- man of the committee on schools and was untiring in efforts in behalf of liberal laws for the promotion of education. In politics he is a Re- publican.
GERSHOM H. HILL was bom at Qamayillo, Clayton Goimty, Iowa, May 8, 1846. He went to Grinnell in 1860 and was employed on the farm of Hon. J. B. GrinneU, the founder of the town and college. One night in June, 1861, yoimg Hill drove a wagon load of escaping slaves from Grinnell's house, which was a station on the " underground railroad," to Marengo, on their way to Canada and freedom. He obtained his educa- tion in the public schools and in 1863 began school teaching in Marshall County. Soon after he enlisted in the Forty-sixth Iowa Regiment and served under Colonel David B. Henderson. In 1866 Mr. Hill entered Grin- nell College, graduating in 1871. He then began thej9tudy of medicine' at the State University, and later at Rush Medical^CoUege, where he graduated. In 1876 he was chosen a physician in the Hospital for Insane at Independence, and in 1881 he was promoted to superintendent and has continued in that position up to the present time. His management of that institution has been marked for peculiar ability in the administration of its affairs. He writes for several medical journals and is a member of the leading medical associations of the country. He is a lecturer on insanity at the Medical Department of the State University, and is often called upon as an expert in that malady.
SYLVESTER G. HILL was bom on the 10th of June, 1820, in Wash- ington County, Rhode Island. He received an academic education at Greenwich. In 1840 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he engaged in the lumber business. In 1849 he went to Califomia with the great emigra- tion of gold seekers. Failing to find profitable business, he came the fol- lowing year to Iowa, locating at Muscatine. In July, 1862, he recruited a company of volunteers of which he was chosen captain. In August his company was assigned to the Thirty-fifth Regiment of Volunteer Infantry. On the 10th of August he was promoted to colonel of the regiment. He led it in the Vicksburg campaign and McPherson's expedition to Browns- ville and was also in the Red River campaign under Banks and later served with Sherman. In the Battle of Nashville, fought in December, Colonel Hill commanded a brigade and while making a gallant charge on the enemy's works, was shot through the head and instantly killed.
DAVID B. HTTJJS was bom in Jefferson County, Indiana, July 20, 1826. He was educated at the University of South Hanover, ftndied medicine at Madison and for eleven years practiced his profession in his native State. In 1868 he removed to Iowa, locating at Bloomfleld. In 1860
132 HISTORY
he removed to Keokuk where he was engaged in business when the war began. In August, 1861, he was appointed aide-de-camp to (Governor Kirk- wood, serring until March, 1862, when he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Seventeenth Iowa Infantry. In August, 1862, he was promoted to colonel of the regiment and resigned during the siege of Vicksburg, after having distinguished himself at the battles of Jackson and Champion's Hill. He died at Keokuk on the 9th of September, 1900.
JOHN HILSINGER was bom at Marathon, Oortland County, New York, on the 4th of March, 1835. He secured a good education, read law with Judge Kingsley and was admitted to the bar at Ithaca, in 1857. He came to Iowa in 1858, making his home at Sabula in Jackson County where he taught school for two years, but has been engaged in the practice of law since 1860. Mr. Hilsinger was for about ten years one of the county supervisors, was postmaster of Sabula two terms, and has also been mayor of the city three years. In 1863 he was nominated by the Bepublicans for State Senator, and although Jackson County is generally carried by the Democrats, by reason of personal popularity and superior qualifications for the position, he was elected, serving in the Tenth and Eleventh Gen- eral Aseemblies. He was an influential member of several important com- mittees and an able and discreet legislator. He has long been a prominent and trusted leader in the Republican party of the State. He was a dele- gate to the Republican National Convention which in 1868 nominated Gen- eral Grant for President.
ALFRED N. HOBSON is a native of Pennsylvania, having been born in Allegheny City, April 1, 1848. His father removed his family to Iowa in 1855, ^settling in Fayette County. Alfred N. was educated at Upper Iowa University and at the State University. He studied law with his father and Hon. L. L. Ainsworth at West Union. He spent three years in the office of the Assessor of Internal Revenue, and later entered into partnership with L. L. Ainsworth in the practice of law. He was mayor of West Union in 1882. In 1894 he was elected judge of the Thir- teenth Judicial District consisting of the counties of Allamakee, Chicka- saw, Clayton, Fayette, Howard and Winneshiek and was reelected in 1893 and again in 1902. His term will expire in 1906.
ADONIRAM J. HOLMES was bom on the 2d of March, 1842, in Wayne County, Ohio. His parents removed to Wisconsin while he was a child and there he entered Milton College but before finishing the course enlisted in the Union army, serving until the close of the war. Returning to Janeeville he studied law and was admitted to the bar but afterwards took the full course in the Law Department of the State University of Michigan. In 1868 he located at Boone, Iowa. In 1881 he was elected to
OF IOWA 133
the House of the Nineteenth General Assembly, serving one term. In 1882 he was elected to Congress on the Republican ticket and twice reelected, serving six years. He died January 23, 1902.
WILLIAM H. HOLMES was bom at Woodstock, New York, December 27, 1827. He received a common school education and, in the spring of 1852, became a resident of Jones County, Iowa, where he engaged in sur- veying and farming. In 1854 he was elected as a '' Free Soil " Whig to represent Jones County in the House of the Fifth General Assembly. He supported the bill to remove the Capital from Iowa City to Des Moines and was reelected, serving two terms, having become a Republican upon the organization of that party. In 1859 he was chosen county judge. In 1861 he was elected to the State Senate where he served until October, 1802, when he resigned, having been elected State Treasurer, serving two terms in that position. He was one of the trustees of the State Agricultural Col- lege for several years and president of the board. In 1883 he removed to Nebraska where he served as county judge. He died at Neligh in that State December 14, 1805.
ASA HORR, scholar and scientist, was bom at Worthington, Ohio, September 2, 1817. His education began early and he remained a student of science throughout his life. Trained as a physician and surgeon in which profession he attained distinction, he at the same time investigated many branches of science. He became a resident of Iowa as early as 1847, settling at Dubuque which became his permanent home. He was the leader in the organization and promotion of the Iowa Institute of Science and Art which was organized at Dubuque, and was its president for many years. He was one of the one hundred American and English short-hand writers who were chosen to make improvements in phonography. Dr. Horr was president of the Dubuque and Cedar Valley Medical Societies and was an excellent botanist; for more .than twenty years he was one of the leading observers for the Smithsonian Institution. He was also interested in geology, mineralogy and astronomy, and gave particular attention to meteorology. To him and Professor Lapham of Milwaukee is due the present method of forecasting the weather, used by the Government. He was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Horr was especially successful in bringing the sciences to the comprehension of those without scientific knowledge, and donated four hundred volumes of valuable books to the Historical Department of Iowa. He died at his home in Dubuque, June 2, 1806.
CHARLES C. HORTON was bora January 13, 1839, at Goshen, Or- ange County, New York. He came with his father to Iowa in 1848, locat- ing at Muscatine where he attended the public and private schools. In
lU HISTORY
1857 he returned to New York and entered Delaware Collegiate Institute at Franklin, graduating in ifie literary and scientiflc course in 1859. In 1861, Mr. Horton enlisted as a private in Company A, Second Iowa Cavalry, where he won rapid promotion to first lieutenant. In June, 1862, he was promoted to captain and was in command of a battalion most of the time until he was commissioned major in 1863. He was in command of the regiment at times and in 1864 was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. From this time he was in command of the regiment or a brigade until mustered out in 1865. He participated in the following engagements: New Madrid, Island Number Ten, Booneville, Farmington, Corinth, luka, Tupelo, Jack- son and Nashville, where the Second Brigade charged upon and captured the first two forts taken in that battle and its flag was the first planted upon the works. Colonel Horton was wounded in the engagement at Cold- water. In 1880 Colonel Horton was appointed special agent of the United States Land Office, resigning to become special examiner of the Pension Bureau, in which position he served fifteen years. In 1873 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the Fifteenth General Assembly, serving by reflection two terms. He was the author of bills creating a School for Feeble Minded Children at Glenwood, and one to consolidate the Soldiers' and Orphans' Homes at Davenport. In 1897 Colonel Horton was appointed commandant of the Soldiers' Home at Marshalltown.
HENRT HOSPERS was born in Hoog Blokland, the Netherlands, Feb- ruary 6, 1830. He came to America in 1840, locating at Pella, in Marion County, Iowa. Here he taught the first school and established the first newspaper in the Dutch language. In 1870 a new colony was formed in Sioux County where a large tract of land was acquired and Orange City was laid out. Of this colony Mr. Hospers became the leader. The county had been under the control of unscrupulous adventurers and under the lead of Mr. Hospers the county government was reformed and the finances honestly managed. He was elecf^ed to the House of Representatives of the Twenty-second and Twenty-third General Assemblies and served in the Senate of the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh General Assemblies repre- senting the district composed of the counties of Lyon, Osceola, Sioux and O'Brien. Mr. Hospers was deeply interested in education and good govern- ment and as long as he lived wielded great influence in the Sioux County eolony which he led to northwestern Iowa when that region was one vast, wild prairie. He died October 21, 1901.
EMERSON HOUGH was bom at Newton, Iowa, June 28, 1857. He graduated at the State University and in 1880 traveled extensively through the wildest portions of the west, exploring the Yellowstone Park on snow shoes. It was largely due to this trip that the act was passed by Congress for the protection of the buffalo. Since 1889 Mr. Hough has been western
OP IOWA 135
manager of Forest and Stream, He is best known through his graphic pictures of the west of twenty years ago. The "Story of a Cowboy" is in truth a history of a class that will soon be extinct. '* The Girl of the Halfway House " is also a strong story of the west. ** The Mississippi Bubble" is his latest work.
NOEL B. HOWARD was born in Vermont in 1838 and educated at the Norwich Military Academy. He went south and for a time taught in a military school in one of the Atlantic southern States. Coming to Iowa in 1860 he was located at Lyons when the Civil War began. He enlisted in Company I, Second Iowa Infantry in May, 1861, and was elected first lieutenant. He was in the Battle of Shiloh and promoted inunedi- ately after to captain of the company. In October, 1862 he was promoted to major of the regiment. In 1864 he became lieutenant-colonel and soon after colonel of the regiment and at the Battle of Atlanta he was severely wounded. He served with distinction in Sherman's campaign through the Gulf and Atlantic States and retired at the close of the war with a fine reputation as an officer.
ORLANDO C. HOWE is a name that will be for all time associated with the greatest tragedy of Iowa history. He was born at Williamstown, Vermont, on the 19th of December, 1824, was educated at Aurora Academy in the State of New York and studied law at Buffalo, where he was admitted to the bar. Mr. Howe came to Newton, Iowa, in 1855. In the fall of 1856, he, in company with his brother-in-law, B. F. Parmenter and R. U. Wheelock made a trip up through the wild prairie regions of northwestern Iowa. They camped on the shore of west Okoboji, and were 80 charmed with the beautiful lakes and groves that each took a claim, intending to return and make homes the next spring. Early in March th^ again arrived at the lakes and were horror-stricken by the discovery that the little colony that had settled there the year before had been massa- cred by the Sioux Indians. Not one remained alive to tell of the cruel fate that had exterminated the entire settlement. The three horror-stricken men hastened back to Fort Dodge, spread the alarm among the isolated cabins on the way, helped to organize the " Relief Expedition " under com- mand of Major Williams and joined in its terrible march and endured its almost unparalleled sufferings. When the Indians had been perman- ently driven from Iowa, Mr. Howe returned to his claim, making it hi^ home. In 1858 he was chosen District Attorney, serving four years. When the Civil War came, Mr. Howe raised a company of cavalry which was Company L, Ninth Iowa, in which he served to the close of the war. From 1875 to 1880 he was Professor of Law in the State University at Iowa City. Later he removed to Barber County, Kansas, where he became county attorney and was for several years district judge. In August, 1899,
136 HISTORY
he became insane and died at Topeka, on the 3l8t of that month, highly esteemed by all who knew him. His name is inscribed on the monumeRt at Okoboji, erected by the State, in memory of the massacre of 1857.
SAMUEL A. HOWE, pioneer educator, was bom in Vermont in 1808. He early removed to Ohio and engaged in teaching where John Sherman and William T. Sherman were among his pupils. He resolved to secure a liberal education and defrayed the greater part of his expenses through Athens University by work about the institution. After completing his literary studies he turned his attention to law, but soon abandoned this and began teaching. He established a reputation as an educator and in- spirer of youth, as we find General Sherman saying on his march to the
"Professor Howe I consider to be the best teacher in the United States. I am more indebted to him for my start in life than to any other man in America."
Ex-Governor Alvin Saunders of Nebraska wrote to Mr. Howe's son: ** It is to the kindness of your father that I am indebted for much of the success of my life." In 1841 Professor Howe removed to Iowa and located near Mount Pleasant, teaching in a log school-house the following winter. In 1843 he removed his school to Mount Pleasant and there being no other accommodations it was located in the upper room of the old log jail. In 1844 the school was temporarily removed to the Cumberland Presbyterian church and the following year was transferred to the Academy building erected for the purpose, where it still remains, having an unbroken record of over fifty years of continuous existence, making it probably the oldest continuously operated school in the State. After the dissolution of the Whig party Professor Howe became a Free Soiler. In 1848 he became a stockholder in the only antislavery paper in the Northwest, the Iowa Freeman, During the presidential campaign of 1856 it was one of the most influential advocates of the principles of the Republican party. He was a firm believer in woman suffrage, temperance, the abolition of the death penalty and was strongly opposed to land monopoly. During his early advocacy of abolition of slavery he suflfered much persecution, hav- ing property destroyed and was finally mobbed by pro-slavery ruffians on the streets of Mount Pleasant. Professor Howe defied persecution, hatred, loss of property and social ostracism and stood firmly by his principles through life. He died in Moimt Pleasant, February 15, 1877.
JAMES B. HOWELL was bom near Morristown, New Jersey, on the 4th of July, 1816. His father removed to Ohio in 1819, where he became a member of the State Senate and afterwards member of Congress. James was sent to the Miami University from which he graduated in 1837, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1839. In 1841 he came to
■£,^PC,
OF IOWA 137
Keosauqua, Iowa, where he opened a law office and afterwards became a partner of James Hall. In 1846 he was the Whig candidate for district judge but was de/eated. In 1845, he, with J. H. Ck>wles purchased the Des Moines VaUey Whig and soon after gave most of his time to the editorial management of that paper which had a large circulation in that part of the State. In 1849 the paper was removed to Keokuk where in time it became the Daily Oaie City. Mr. Howell had long been one of the most influential Republican editors in the State and in 1870 he was elected by the General Assembly to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate for the unexpired term of James W. Grimes. At the expiration of the fractional term in 1871, Mr. Howell was appointed by President Grant one of the three judges of the Court of Southern Claims which he held until a short time before his death which occurred on the 17th of June, 1880.
ASAHEL W. HUBBARD was bom at Haddam, Connecticut, January 18, 1819. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. After teaching for a few months in Rushville, Indiana, he began to study law. There he practiced his profession sixteen years. In 1847 he was elected to the State Senate, serving three years. In 1857 he removed to Sioux City, Iowa, and the following year was elected judge of the Fourth Judicial District, serving four years. In 1862 he was nominated by the Republicans of the Sixth District for Representative in Congress. The district then extended from Black Hawk County west to the Missouri River and from Boone County to the Minnesota line, embracing one-third of the counties of the State. Judge Hubbard was elected and twice reelected, serving six years. He was influential in securing legislation which hastened the building of several lines of railroad through his district, besides securing to Sioux City a branch of the Union Pacific Railroad. He was one of the founders of the First National Bank of Sioux City and its president many years. Judge Hubbard died on the 22d of September, 1879.
ELBERT H. HUBBARD was born in Rushville, Indiana, August 19, 1849, and received his education in the conunon schools and at Yale Col- lege, in Connecticut. He came with his father (Judge A. W. Hubbard), to Iowa in 1856, the family locating at Sioux City. E. H. Hubbard studied law with C. R. Marks and was admitted to the bar in 1874, beginning practice with his preceptor. He became one of the prominent lawyers of Sioux City and one of the influential leaders of the Republican party in that section of the State. In 1881 he was elected Representative in the Nineteenth General Assembly and in 1899 was elected to the State Senate, serving in the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth General Assemblies.
NATHANIEL M. HUBBARD was bom in Oswego, New York, Septem- ber 24, 1829. He was reared on a farm, acquired a good education and
138 HISTORY
taught school. He graduated at the Alfred, New York, University and studied law, coming to Iowa in April, 1854, locating at Marion in Linn County where he began the practice of his profession. In February, 1856» he was a delegate to the State Convention which met at Iowa City and organized the Republican party of Iowa. In August, 1862, he raised a military company for the Twentieth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, of which he was chosen captain, serving under General Francis J. Herron. In March, 1863, he was promoted to judge advocate on the staff of General Herron and served in the army until April, 1865, when he was brevetted major. In November, 1865, he was appointed district judge but resigned the fol- lowing year to accept the position of attorney for the Northwestern Rail- way Company. For many years he was the Iowa attorney for that com- pany and long ranked among the ablest lawyers in the State. He was for more than a quarter of a century one of the most influential leaders of the Republican party in Iowa. He died at his home in Cedar Rapids, June 12, 1002.
SILAS A. HUDSON was bom in Mason County, Kentucky, December 18, 1815, and came to Iowa in 1830, locating at Burlington. He was a elerk in one of the early Territorial Legislatures and was chief clerk of the House of the First General Assembly of the State in 1846. He drafted the charter of the city of Burlington and the ordinances under which it was governed for twenty years. Mr. Hudson was an intimate friend of George D. Prentice, Horace Greeley, Abraham Lincoln and General U. S. Grant and was instrumental in making the arrangements under which Lincoln went to New York and made his great Cooper Institute speech which led to his nomination for President. He was a cousin of General Grant, whom he knew from boyhood. After General Grant became Presi- dent, he appointed Mr. Hudson Minister to the Central American States, a position he held until 1872. He died at Burlington on the 10th of De- cember, 1806.
JOSEPH C. HUGHES was bom in Washington County, Pennsylvania, April 1, 1821. He completed his collegiate course at Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, and was a graduate in medicine of the University of Mary- land. In 1845 he located at Mount Vernon, Ohio, and five years later be- came demonstrator in anatomy in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa, then the Medical Department of the State University. In 1851 he was elected to fill the chair of anatomy and the following year became dean of the faculty. In 1853 he was elected to the chair of surgery which he held for many years. For three sessions he performed double duty, lecturing often three times a day and to him is largely due the upbuilding of the institution in early days. Dr. Hughes also founded a medical and surgical infirmary and an eye and ear institute in connection
JOHN A. T. HULL
OP IOWA 139
with the college and under his management. At the beginning of the Civil War, Dr. Hughes was appointed Surgeon-General for Iowa, a posi- tion he held until peace was established. He organized and had personal charge of the army hospitals at Keokuk which were among the largest in the west, having as many as 2,000 patients within the wards at one time. Dr. Hughes was also president of the Board of Medical Examiners during the war. In 1866 he was elected one of the vice-presidents of the American Medical Association and was its delegate to the British Association for the Promotion of Science, the Provincial Medical Association of Great Britain and the American Medical Society of Paris. He was twice presi- dent of the State Medical Society of Iowa and for a time editor of the Iowa Medical Journal,
JOHN A. T. HULL was born in Sabrina, Clinton County, Ohio, May 1, 1841. His father removed to Iowa in 1849, locating in Van Buren County. The son received his education at the Mount Pleasant Wesleyan College and graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1862. He then enlisted in the Union army, was chosen first lieutenant of Company C, Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, and was in November promoted to captain. Mr. Hull was wounded in the Battle of Black River Bridge, May 17, 1863, and in October resigned on accoimt of his wounds. He was for several years editor of the Bloom field RepuhUoetn and in 1872 was chosen secretary of the State Senate, which position he continued to hold until the close of the session of 1878. In the summer of that year he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Secretary of State and elected, serving in that office for three terms. In 1885, he was the Republican candidate for Lieutenant-Governor and was elected, serving four years. In 1880 he was a prominent candidate before the Republican State Convention for Governor but was unsuccessful. In 1802 he was elected Representative in Congress for the Seventh District and has been reelected continuously to the close of the Nineteenth century. As chairman of the committee on military affairs, he became one of the most influential members during the War with Spain and the Philippine Islands.
JOHN D. HUNTER, pioneer journalist, was bom August 12, 1834. at Knoxville Jefferson County, Ohio. His early education was acquired in the public schools and closed with two years in Ashland Academy. At the age of fifteen he entered his father's printing office where he learned the trade, and when twenty, he issued the first number of the Hooner Banner, He came to Iowa in 1866, locating in 1858 at Eldora where he purchased a half interest in the Hardin County BeniineL He held a num- ber of positions of trust in the county, and in 1863 removed his paper to Iowa Falls. When the Civil War began Mr. Hunter resigned the office of county treasurer to enter the army where he served until peace was re-
140 HISTORY
stored. In 1867 he purchased the Hamilton Freeman, removing to Web- ster City which became his permanent home, where he has conducted that journal for more than thirty-six years. He was elected to the House of the Twelfth General Assembly, representing the district composed of the coun- ties of Wright, Hamilton, Franklin and Hancock, and serving two terms. Mr. Hunter was the author of the first bill introduced into the Iowa Gen- eral Assembly providing for a Board of Ck)ntrol for the management of the State institutions. A favorable report was made by the committee to which the bill was referred, but it was defeated in the House. He will be remembered long in the annals of wise legislation as the originator of the plan which after many years of consideration by Governors and legislators was enacted into law, working a great reform in the government of the pub- lic institutions of the State. It has been already demonstrated that the adoption of Mr. Hunter's bill of thirty years ago would have saved to the State millions of dollars without in any way having detracted from the efficiency of the institutions. In 1872 Mr. Hunter was appointed trustee of the Iowa Reform School.
JAMES S. HURLEY was of Quaker ancestry, and was bom in Cham- paign County, Ohio, May 18, 1829. In 1840 the family removed to Iowa, locating in Wapello, Louisa County. His early education was acquired in the public schools and in 1852 he entered the academic department of Knox College at Galesburg, Illinois. In 1853 he entered a law school and was admitted to the bar in 1854, serving the following year as prosecuting attorney for the county. In 1861 he was elected to the State Senate and during his term secured the passage of a bill for the settlement of the long pending swamp land claims. Under the provisions of this act a large amount of swamp land was reclaimed. As chairman of the committee on State Library in the session of 1864, Senator Hurley secured the enact- ment of laws greatly improving the library. He was one of the originators of the railroad from Burlington to Cedar Rapids and became a director of the company and member of the executive committee. In 1869 Mr. Hur- ley was again elected to the Senate where he was chairman of the com- mittee on public lands. In 1872 he was chairman of the judiciary com- mittee being the author of important changes in the judicial system. He was also the author of the act of that session regulating the taxation of railroad property. Mr. Hurley died many years ago.
STILSON HUTCHINS, journalist, was born at Whitefield, New Hamp- shire, in November, 1838, and was educated in the Boston High schools, preparatory schools, and graduated at Harvard University. In November. 1854, he came to Iowa, first locating at Osage, in Mitchell County, where he established the I^orth lowan, which he published until about the year 1860 when he removed to Des Moines and purchased the State Journal,
<-^^?^?^>'^TW^>zC<^v^<? ,
OF IOWA 141
a Democratic paper founded by William Porter. Under the energetic man- agement of Mr. Hutchins the Journal became one of the leading Democratic papers of the State and its proprietor acquired wide influence in his party. After a few years Mr. Hutchins disposed of the Journal, removing to Du- buque where for four years he was editor and proprietor of the Daily Herald. In 1866 Mr. Hutchins removed to St. Louis and established the Daily Times which he published until 1877. During this time he was a member of the Missouri Legislature. Ketuming to New Hampshire he served a term in the Legislature in 1880. S6on after he went to Washing- ton, D. C, and established the Waehingion Poet which became the leading daily paper at the National Capital. For many years he has been engaged in large business enterprises in that city.
JAMES G. HUTCHISON was born September 11, 1840, in Northum- berland County, Pennsylvania. He received a liberal education, graduat- ing at Dickinson Seminary in 1862 after taking a four years' course. He entered the army as first lieutenant. One Hundred Thirty-first Volunteer Infantry, serving in the Army of the Potomac at the great battles of Fred- ericksburg, Antietam and Chancellorsville. He took part in the Gettys- burg campaign as captain in the Twenty-eighth Infantry, called out to repel the Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania and received special men- tion for bravery in the assault on Maryes Hill at the Battle of Fred- ericksburg. Returning from the war he graduated from the Cleveland Law School and removed to Iowa, locating at Ottumwa where he entered into partnership with Hon. E. H. Stiles. In 1879 Captain Hutchinson was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the House' of the Eight- eenth General Assembly. In 1881 he was elected to the State Senate where by reelection he served eight years. He was the author of the law foT registering voters which has become the settled policy of the State. As a member of the committees on judiciary, appropriations and chairman of ways and means he became the leader of the Senate and by wise measures relieved the State from a large indebtedness during his term of service. In 1889 he was nominated for Governor by the Republican State Conven- tion at the time when there was a large defection from the party on pro- hibition. Mr. Hutchison made a strong canvas, standing manfully upon the prohibition platform adopted by his party, but the defection of the saloon element of the Republicans which went to the support of the Democratic candidate, elected Horace Boies Governor. Captain Hutchi- son was for seven years president of the Ottumwa National Bank and has for a quarter of a century been the promoter of large business enterprises in Ottumwa.
HARVEY INGHAM, journalist, was bom at Algona, Iowa, September 8, 1858. and was educated in the public schools and the State University
142 HISTORY
of Iowa. He graduated from the Law Department in 1881, and returning to Algona in 1882 he purchased an interest in the Upper Des Moines. Tak- ing editorial charge of the paper he developed into an able journalist. He served as postmaster of Algona from 1898 to 1902. In 1892 he was elected regent of the State University, serving until 1902. Upon the consolida- tion of the lotoa State Register and the Des Moines Leader at the Capital, Mr. Ingham was selected by the owners as the managing editor and at once entered upon the duties of the pcTsition.
WILT J AM H. INGHAM was one of the pioneer settlers in north- western Iowa, having lived in Kossuth County nearaly fifty years. He was bom at Ingham's Mills in the State of New l^ork, November 27, 1827. He received a liberal education in the schools of that section. In 1849 he made a trip through the eastern part of Iowa, and was so diarmed with the new country that in 1851 he located at Cedar Rapids where he en- gaged in surveying and locating lands for incoming settlers. In 1854 he traveled through a portion of northwestern Iowa, which was then almost entirely unsettled. He determined to make his home in Kossuth County and in January, 1855, selected a claim near where Algona stands. As •oon as the business of the new town would support a banking house he began to do business in that line. In 1870, in company with Lewis H. Smith (another pioneer), a bank was organized which three years later be- came the Kossuth County Bank. In 1862, after the Minnesota massacre by the Sioux Indians had begun, Governor Kirkwood authorized Mr. Ing- ham to organize a military company for the protection of that part of the State, and sent him a commission as captain. Other companies were raised and all were united in the Northern Border Brigade, which effectu- ally checked the incursion of the Sioux into northern Iowa. Captain Ing- ham has been an active force in the development of northwest Iowa for nearly half a century.
JOHN P. IRISH was bom in Iowa City on the 1st of January, 1843. He received a common school education but at the early age of seventeen had made such progress as to become a teacher. When he had reached the age of twenty-one he assumed the editorial management of the lotoa City Press and developed such ability both as a writer and public speaker that he was soon recognized as one of the leaders of the Democratic party of the State. In 1867 he was elected to represent Johnson County in the House of the Eleventh General Assembly and was twice reelected, serving six years. He had, as a teacher, seen the harm of electing members of school boards on a partisan ticket, and was the author of the law changing the time of electing school officers from the general to a special election, thus taking their election out of partisan politics. His bill also author- ized the directors to choose a president outside of their own number. This
OF IOWA 143
salutary change in the law destroyed the partisan character of school boards. The reform was commended by the National Commissioner of Education and is referred to at length by Professor Parker in his " History of the Public School System of Iowa." While a member of the Legislature Mr. Irish secured an addition to the endowment fund of the State Univer- sity and having been elected one of the regents of that institution, was largely instrumental in securing the establishment of the Law and Medi- cal Departments. In 1868 Mr. Irish was the Democratic candidate for Congress in the Fourth District but the Republican majority was too large to be overcome. In 1877 he was nominated by the Democratic State Con- vention for Governor and made a vigorous campaign but was defeated by Governor Gear. Mr. Irish was long one of the trustees of the Soldiers'. Orphans* Home. He removed to California, where he was for many years president of the board of directors of the State Home of the Adult Blind of which institution he was one of the founders. In 1896 Mr. Irish was one of the National leaders in organizing the political movement which resulted in the formation of the " Gold Standard " Democracy, which sep- arated from the regular, or Bryan Democratic party, and supported an- other candidate for President. He was actively engaged in the campaign as a public speaker in several States and was a member of the executive committee of the Monetary Congress organized in 1897 to promote the per- manent establishment of the gold standard. In 1894 Mr. Irish was ap- pointed Naval Officer of Customs at San Francisco, which position he held at the close of the Nineteenth Century.
JOHN N. IBWIN was bom in Ohio, in 1847. His early education was secured in the public schools of that State, and later he attended the Miami University. After the close of the Civil War he went to Dartmouth College where he graduated in the class of 1867. He came with his father's family to Iowa, making his home in Keokuk where they engaged in mer- cantile business. At seventeen years of age he enlisted in the Union army. In 1875 he was elected Representative in the House of the Sixteenth Gen- eral Assembly, serving one term. In 1883 Mr. Irwin was appointed by President Arthur, Governor of Idaho Territory. After returning to Keokuk he was elected mayor. In 1890 he was appointed by President Harrison Governor of the Territory of Arizona. In 1899 President McKinley ten- dered him the position of American minister to Portugal which he ac- cepted, resigning after about a year's service, returning to his home in Keokuk.
NORMAN W. ISBELL, lawyer and jurist, was a native of Ohio, born in about the year 1818. He received but a common school education, before entering upon the study of law. He came to Iowa in 1842 when it was a Territory, locating at Marion, in Linn County, where he opened
144 HISTORY
a law office. He served as a county judge at the period when that officer had almost supreme financial power in conducting the business of his county; a most efficient system, when the judge was competent and honest, but a most dangerous system when occupied by an unscrupulous man clothed with despotic powers by law. Judge Isbell was of the beat class and rendered most excellent service. He belonged to the old Whig party in early days but when the slavery issue sent that neutral party out of existence, Mr. Isbell became a Republican. In 1854 he was a law partner of N. M. Hubbard and from 1857 to 1860 the partnership was re- newed. Under the old Constitution, he was in January, 1855, elected by the Fifth General Assembly Supreme Judge, resigning in 1856 on account of failing health. In September, 1862, upon the resignation of Judge Wm. E. Miller of the Eighth Judicial District, (Governor Kirkwood ap- pointed Judge Isbell to fill the vacancy. He was elected at the expiration of the term but after serving until August 31, 1864, resigned and re- moved to California, where he died of consumption the same year. Judge Hubbard, his former partner, pronoimced Judge Isbell to have been an able jurist, thoroughly equipped in all that makes an excellent judge.
CHARLES J. IVES of Cedar Rapids is an illustration of a class of citizens of Iowa, starting in boyhood with only an inheritance of intellect, energy and a laudable ambition to accomplish something worth living for, has attained a high position in one of the great industries of the age. He was bom in Rutland County, Vermont, October 4, 1831. He had but a limited school education, working on his father's farm until grown when he went with the crowds of gold seekers to the mining region of Pike's Peak. Returning to Iowa he obtained a subordinate position in a local office of the Burlington Railroad Company. Obtaining a knowledge of the business, in 1871 he was appointed freight agent of the first division of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Railway Company. From this position he gained more knowledge of the growing railroad system and business then in the process of rapid development and developed the qualities required by that great industry and arose rapidly and steadily from one position to another until he had mastered the exacting problems of successful management and attained the control of the complicated business, holding the positions of president and general superintendent of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railway. When he first entered its service, the entire length of the road was forty miles. Largely owing to his executive management and enterprise the system now has lines over the State aggregating 1,500 miles in length.
FRANK D. JACKSON, fourteenth Governor of Iowa, was born at Ar- cade, Wyoming County, New York, January 26, 1854. In 1867 he came with his parents to Jesup, in Buchanan County, Iowa, where he attended the
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OF IOWA 145
public schools. He also attended the ^tate Agricultural College, afterward entering the Law Department of the State University where he graduated in 1874. He removed to Butler County in 1880, settling at Greene, where he engaged in the practice of law. He was chosen secretary of the State Senate in the winter of 1882 and reelected in 1884. At the Republican State Con- vention of 1884 he was nominated for Secretary of State and elected, serving by successive elections for three terms. In 1893 he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Governor. For four years the Demo- cratic party had secured the chief executive in the election of Governor Boies. The campaign was conducted with great vigor on both sides and resulted in the election of Frank D. Jackson by a plurality of more than 32,000. Governor Jackson served but one term, declining to be a candi- date for reelection.
BERRYMAN JENNINGS, Iowa's first school-master, was bom in Kentucky in 1807. Nothing is known of his boyhood or early education. In 1826 he removed to Commerce, a small town in Illinois, on the east bank of the Mississippi River which became famous as the Mormon city of Nauvoo. There was a settlement on the west side of the river in the '' Half Breed " tract where Dr. Isaac Galland, an educated man, lived with his family, where the town of Nashville stands. It was here in 1830 that Berryman Jennings, then a young man, opened a school in a log cabin. Very little is known of this first school more than that it was small and that among its pupils were Washington Galland (who was afterwards a member of the Legislature), his sisters and Captain J. W. Campbell. Mr. Jennings later studied medicine with Dr. Galland and at one time was a merchant in Burlington. In 1847 he joined an emigrant train and made the journey to Oregon by wagon. He settled in Oregon City, built a steam- boat on the Columbia River and engaged in trade with San Francisco. He was a member of the Oregon Legislature and also served as Register of the United States Land Office. He died on the 22d of December, 1888.
I
EDWARD JOHNSTON was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsyl- vania, July 4, 1815. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and in 1837 went west, stopping at Burlington, then in Wisconsin Territory. He was one of the clerks of the Legislature and at the session of 1837-8 was elected one of the commissioners to take testimony in the legal controversy over the titles to the " Half Breed " lands in Lee County. Soon after he located at Fort Madison and was employed as counsel by the St. Louis claimants to these lands to secure a division, which resulted in a decree of title. In 1839 he was elected to the House of the Second Legislative Assembly of the new Territory of Iowa and was chosen Speaker, serving at the regular and special sessions. He was elected a member of the Council of the Third Legislative Assembly and served through the Fourth also. As a lawyer [Vol. 4]
146 HISTORY
and legislator he ranked high and had great influence in framing laws and shaping the policy of the Territory. When James K. Polk became Presi- dent he appointed Mr. Johnston United States District Attorney for Iowa*. He was chosen a member of the convention which framed the present Ck>n- stitution of the State and was one of the most influential of the delegates in that body. The last public position held by him was President of the ''Pioneer Lawmakers' Association.'' Judge Johnston was a lifelong Democrat. After his death, Hon. S. M. Clark, a Republican member of Congress, and long editor of the Gate City, wrote of Judge Johnston:
'' He was one of the best as well as one of the greatest men we have ever known. No man in Iowa had more to do with the making and shaping of the Commonwealth than he. He had a hand in makihje both statutes and Constitution. In the first quarter century of the Territory and State there was not an act of public im^rtance done that he was not consulted, and his judgment used in fashioning it."
He died on the 27th of May, 1891. Two of his brothers were Gover- nors; one of Pennsylvania and another of California.
GEORGE W. JONES was bom in Vincennes, Indiana, April 12, 1804. His father, John R. Jones, was a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Missouri. The son, George W., was educated in Transylvania University in Kentucky. When a small boy he served as a drummer in a volunteer company in the war with Great Britain. In 1823 he made the acquaint- ance of Jefferson Davis who was a yoimg officer in the military service on the frontier. They met again in the Black Hawk War and later served long together in the United States Senate and were warm friends. G^rge W. studied law and in 1827 removed to Michigan Territory where he en- gaged in mining. During the Black Hawk War he served on the staff of General Henry Dodge. In 1835 he was elected delegate from Michigan Ter- ritory to Congress. Michigan at that time embraced that region of the northwest which was divided into the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, Min- nesota, Iowa and the Dakotas. He secured the organization of the Terri- tory of Wisconsin, in 1837, was the first delegate in Congress from that Territory and procured the establishment of Iowa Territory. In 1845 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Iowa and removed to Dubuque. In 1848 he was chosen one of the first United States Senators from the State of Iowa. He was thoroughly devoted to the interests of the new State and during his long term of service in the Senate worked untiringly for its material prosperity. His intimate knowledge of needs of the north- west, derived from long residence on the frontier and his wide acquaint- ance with the public men of that period, enabled him to secure such legis- lation as was required for the rapid development of the great natural re- sources of the new State. In 1852 he was reelected for a term of six years but before its expiration the State passed under the control of the
OP IOWA 147
Republican party. As General Jones was a lifelong Democrat he could not hope for a third election and President Buchanan appointed him United States Minister to New Grenada in South America. After his re- turn from that mission in 1861 General Jones was arrested by a United States marshal and confined in Fort' Lafayette for about two months on a charge of disloyalty. He had written a private letter to his old friend, Jefferson Davis, which had been intercepted by a Government official. In the letter were found indiscreet if not disloyal expressions and in that time of great public excitement over secession and Rebellion the arrest followed. He was never indicted or placed on trial and President Lincoln soon ordered his release. In 1892 General Jones was granted a pension by special act of Congress for services in the Black Hawk War. In April, 1894, Governor Jackson and the General Assembly of Iowa then in ses- sion, tendered to General Jones a public reception in recognition of his valuable services in the formative periods of the Territory and State. General Jones died at his home in Dubuque July 22, 1896, at the age of ninety-two.
EDMUND L. JOY was bom at Albany, New York, October 1, 1836, and was educated at Anthony's Classical Institute, Albany Academy and the University of Rochester. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1857 and immediately thereafter removed to Iowa, making his home at Keokuk where he entered upon practice. Later he settled in Ottomwa where he was chosen city attorney in 1860. At the beginning of the Civil War he was active in raising troops and upon the organization of the Thirty-sixth Regiment of Iowa Volunteers he was elected captain of Com- pany B. He participated in the campaigns in Tennessee, the siege of Vicksburg and the Yazoo Pass expedition, taking part in the engagement at Fort Pemberton. At the Battle of Helena he commanded the left wing of the regiment and was in the Little Rock campaign. In 1864 he was appointed by President Lincoln Judge Advocate, with the rank of major, and assigned to the Seventh Army Corps, serving in the Department of Arkansas. He assisted in the organization of the judicial system of the State under reconstruction and aided in the re^stablishment of the State government after the close of the war, under a new Constitution. After retiring from the service he removed to Newark, New Jersey, where he served in the Legislature of that State in 1871-2. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1880 and in 1884-5 he was a Government director of the Union Pacific Railroad Company by appointment of Presi- dent Arthur. Mr. Joy died at Newark, New Jersey, February 14, 1892.
WILLIAM L. JOY was one of the sturdy pioneers of Sioux City and for a quarter of a century one of the foremost lawyers of northwestern Iowa. He was bom in Townshend, Vermont, August 17, 1830. After gradn*
148 HISTOEY
ating at Amherst (College in 1855, he read law and was admitted to the bar. In the spring of 1857 he traveled westward until he reached the then little frontier town of Sioux City where he decided to make his home. He became a partner of N. C. Hudson in the practice of law, and some years later became a partner with Craig L. Wright, and for twenty years the law firm of Joy ft Wright was the leading one in Sioux City. They were attorneys for the Illinois Railway Company, the Sioux City and Pacific, the Dakota Southern, Columbus and Black Hills Railway companies and the Iowa Falls and Sioux City Railroad Land Company. In 1865 Mr. Joy was elected Representative for the district composed of the counties of Plymouth, Woodbury, Cherokee and Sioux, in the Eleventh General As- sembly, where he ranked high as a legislator. He was one of the organ- izers of the Sioux National Bank, and served as president up to 1896. He was also deeply interested in the public schools serving for twenty years as a director and president of the board. He died in California, July 1, 1809.
JOSEPH M. JUNKIN was a native of Iowa, having been bom at Fairfield in. 1854. He was educated in the schools of Fairfield and Red Oak, taking the law course at the State University at Iowa City, gradu- ating in 1879. Soon after he entered into partnership with Horace E. Deemer, who became a judge of the Supreme Court of the State. In 1895 Mr. Junkin was nominated by the Republicans of the district com- posed of the counties of Mills and Montgomery for State Senator. He was elected and served in the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh General Assemblies, attaining high rank as a legislator. At the close of his term he was reelected serving in the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth General Assemblies, taking an active part in the important work of the two ses- sions.
WILLIAM W. JUNKIN, veteran journalist, was born at Wheeling, Virginia, January 25, 1831. He attended the common schools in boy- hood and at eleven years of age set type in the office of the Wheeling Ar- gua. In 1843 he came with his father's family to Iowa Territory, locating on a farm in Lee County. In 1845 on removing to Fairfield in Jefferson County, he became an apprentice in the office of the loioa Sentinel, a weddy paper established that year by A. R. Sparks. In the summer of 1849 he went to Fort Des Moines where Barlow Granger was about to issue the first number of the Iowa ■ Star, the first newspaper published at the future capital of the State. He procured work in the office and assisted on the first issue of the paper, continuing in the office for some months. Returning to Fairfield, on the 26th of May, 1853, he became the half owner and publisher of the Fairfield Ledger which had been established about a year before. Mr. Junkin in August, 1854, purchased Mr. Fulton's interest
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OF IOWA 149
and became sole editor and proprietor. He was a Whig and then a Re- publican. Few men have worked more intelligently for the development of a town and State that this pioneer journalist. Mr. Junkin held many local offices but never sought higher positions, preferring to give his best energies to his chosen profession. During General Harrison's adminis- tration he served as United States Indian Inspector. Mr. Junkin died at his home in Fairfield on the 21st of February, 1903, at the age of seventy- three, after service as a journalist continuously for more than half a cen- tury on the Fairfield Ledger,
JOHN L. KAI^IRER has long been one of the prominent lawyers and Republicans of north central Iowa. He was bom in Union County, Penn- sylvania, October 12, 1842, secured a liberal education and was at one time principal of the public schools of Savannah, Illinois. He was a lieu- tenant in the One Hundred Forty-sixth Illinois Volunteers in 1864. In 1869 Mr. Kamrer removed to Iowa, locating in Webster City, where he soon after began the practice of law and has attained high rank in the profession. In 1881 he was elected to the State Senate from the district composed of the counties of Hamilton and Hardin, serving in the Nine- teenth and Twentieth General Assemblies. He was the author of a number of important laws which remain on the statute books. At the Republican State Convention of 1896 Mr. Kamrer was one of the prominent candi- dates for nomination for Governor.
JOHN A. KAS80N was born at Charlotte, Vermont, January 11, 1822. His father died when he was but six years old and his boyhood days were a struggle to support himself and secure an education. He finally gradu- ated at the State University in 1842, taught school and studied law. In 1861 he went to St. Louis and practiced his profession for six years. In 1857 he removed to Des Moines and in 1858 was appointed by Governor Lowe to examine and report upon the condition of the State offices. The same year he was chosen chairman of the Republican State Committee and effected a strong organization of the new party. He was a delegate from Iowa to the famous National Republican Convention held at Chi- cago in May, 1860, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for President and was selected by the Iowa delegation to act on the committee on resolu- tions which at that critical time was to frame a platform for the party in the campaign. The committee was made up with great care in view of the momentous issues involved and among its members were some of the most eminent men of the Nation. It consisted of one from each State and upon its organization and comparison of views it was evident that the drafting of a platform must be delegated to a few men to expedite the work. On motion of Mr. Kasson a subcommittee of five was chosen for this pur- pose. It consisted of Horace Greeley, Carl Schurz, John A. Kasson, Austin
J
150 HISTORY
Blair and William Jessup. This subcommittee received all resolutions submitted and then proceeded to consider them and agree upon the essen- tial topics to be embraced in the platform. It unanimously indorsed Mr. Kasson's declaration "that the normal condition of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom." At midnight three of the members retired exhausted, leaving Kasson and Greeley to complete the work. As daylight approached, Mr. Greeley went to the telegraph office to send the substance of the resolutions to the Tribune, while Kasson finished and re- vised the platform. At nine in the morning Mr. Kasson reported the platform to the general committee and it was approved by a unani- mous vote. There was a diversity of opinions on the tariff, which was difficult to reconcile. Mr. Kasson finally drafted a resolution on the sub- ject which all accepted. The New York Tribune, on the 18th, published the following from Mr. Greeley:
"The platform gives great satisfaction and the demonstrations of fl£plause on its adoption were most enthusiastic, lasting several minutes. When the tariff resolution was read there was great rejoicing, more than over any other. Such a platform, so adopted, is a new era in American party politics."
, On the 22d the Tribune said editorially:
I.
"The platform presented, so generally satisfactory as it has proved, is eminently due to John A. Kasson of Iowa, whose efforts to reconcile differences, and to secure the largest liberty of sentiment consistent with fidelity to Republican principles, were most effective and untiring. I think no iormer platform ever reflected more fairly and fully the average con- victions of a great National party."
This platform, as will be remembered, was made the pretext for the inauguration of the Rebellion, which resulted in the emancipation of 4,000,000 of slaves. Never since Jefferson's immortal Declaration of In- dependence has a document been framed, fraught with such momentous results as this famous Chicago Platform of 1860, penned by an Iowa statesman. It was with this platform that the Republican party won its first national victory. Mr. Kasson took an active part in that eventful campaign and upon the election of Mr. Lincoln was appointed First As- sistant Postmaster General. In the summer of 1863 he was nominated by the Republicans of the Des Moines district for Representative in Con- gress and elected. The most important measures originated by him in that body, were securing an amendment to the biankrupt laws, saving to the head of the family of the debtor a homestead. He formulated a plan while in the post-office department for securing uniform and cheaper post- age with foreign countries. He negotiated postal treaties with the chief nations of Europe. He served in Congress six terms in all, taking rank among its ablest members. He afterwards, as a member of the Iowa Legislature, secured the bmlding of the permanent State House. In diplo-
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OF IOWA 151
macy he has attained the highest rank in the Nation, having served as minister to Austria-Hungary and Germany. He was chairman of the United States Commission at the Samoan Conference at Berlin in 1889. During McKinley's administration he negotiated important reciprocal treaties with many foreign nations in the interest of our commerce. Dur- ing the forty years of arduous and most valuable public services rendered to the State and Nation Mr. Kasson has found time to contribute to the highest grade of American periodicals and has written a History of Diplo- macy, which will have world-wide interest. Among the eminent states- men who for fifty years have reflected credit upon our State, none have ranked higher in notable achievements and intellectual endowment than John A. Kasson.
BENJAMIN F. KEABLES was born in Genesee County, New York, November 30, 1828. He came to Iowa in 1850, entering the medical de- partment of the State University which was then located at Keokuk and from which he graduated in 1852. He located at Pella where he began to practice medicine. The following year he was president of the school board and was influential in securing the building of the first brick school- house in that part of the State. At the beginning of the Civil War Dr. Keables was appointed by Governor Kirkwood assistant surgeon of the Third Iowa Infantry. At the Battle of Hatchie the doctor was conspicu- ous for bravery and upon recommendation of his superior officers was pro- moted to regimental surgeon. In 1869 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the House of the Thirteenth General Assembly and was a member at the extra session which adopted the Code of 1873. In 1871 he was reelected, serving in the Fourteenth General Assembly. He was appointed a member of the Pension Examining Board under Presi- dent Harrison; and is a member of the Army of the Tennessee, of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association.
JOHN H. KEATLEY was bom in Center County, Pennsylvania, De- cember 1, 1838. He secured his early education by his own exertions, working on a farm to earn money to pursue his studies until able to teach school. While preparing for his chosen profession in the law, he earned his living by working on a farm during the summers and teaching winters. He was admitted to the bar in 1860 and immediately began prac- tice, at the same time acting as editor of the Blair County Whig, a news- paper supporting the administration of Abraham Lincoln. When the call for 300,000 volunteers came in 1862, Mr. Keatley enlisted in the One Hun- dred Twenty-fifth Pennsylvania Regiment which was soon after engaged in the second Battle of Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Chancellors- ville, and in the Gettysburg campaign he was assistant Adjutant-General on the staff of General Higgins. In 1864-5 he was actively engaged in
152 mSTOBY
the last battles under General Qrant which resulted in the capture of Gen- eral Lee and his army. Before his return home Colonel Keatley was elected District Attorney of Blair County. After the close of the war he was detailed by Greneral Terry to take charge of the Freedman's Bureau for five counties in southeastern Virginia, and was a judge of the military court at Norfolk. He served as District Attorney of Blair County until 1887, when he decided to remove to Iowa, locating at Cedar Falls. In 1868 he went to Council Bluffs and soon after became editor of the Daily Nonpareil, serving until April, , 1870, when he accepted the position of assistant assessor of Internal Revenue. In 1872 he united with the Lib- eral Republicans and was made chairman of the State Central Committee, conducting the campaign on behalf of Horace Greeley for President against General Grant. In 1874 he was nominated for Attorney-General by the Antimonopoly party and the Democrats, but was defeated. In 1876 he was elected mayor of Council Bluffs, and in 1878 he was the Democratic candidate for Congress in the Eighth District.
RACINE D. KELLOGG was born in Fayetteville, Onondaga County, New York, on the 0th of March, 1828. He removed to Iowa in 1854, locat- ing at Garden Grove in Decatur County, where he engaged in farming and dealing in real estate. He was a Democrat in politics and an eloquent public speaker. In 1869 he was elected to the House of the Eighth Gen- eral Assembly of which he was one of the youngest members. He soon formed an intimate friendship with Ex-Governor N. B. Baker who was a member from Clinton County. Mr. Kellogg acted with the Democratic party during the regular session but when the Rebellion began and his party divided upon the question of sustaining the National administra- tion in crushing armed resistance to the enforcement of the laws, he did not hesitate to stand by the administration. At the extra session called by Governor Kirkwood in May, 1861, to organize the military forces of the State, Mr. Kellogg became one of the leaders of the " War Democrats " and with Governor Baker, Senator Bussey and others, declared for the preservation of the Union at all hazards. At the opening of the session he introduced resolutions (found in another place) pledging unqualified support to the Government, State and National, in suppressing the Rebel- lion. Governor Kirkwood recognized his patriotism by appointing him major of the Thirty-fourth Iowa Volunteers where he rendered good serv- ice in the Union army. He became a Republican during the war when his party passed under control of men not in sympathy with the war for the Union and has often been urged to become a candidate for some of tlie highest offices in the State but was unwilling to resort to modern methods to secure a nomination. He has long been an honored member of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association, before which he has delivered several interesting addresses.
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OF IOWA 153
JOHN C. KELLY is a native of the SUte of New York, having been born in Cortland County on the 26th of February, 1852. His education was acquired through much effort but finally securing a position in the Qovernment Printing Office at Washington, he acquired a thorough knowl- edge of printing and electrotyping. In 1873 he was delegated by Mills & Company, then State Printers at Des Moines, Iowa, to purchase their outfit and act a« superintendent of their establishment. While in that position he divided and numbered the streets of Des Moines on the Philadelphia plan, and was the pioneer in organizing the first building association in Iowa. After a few years he purchased an interest in the Daily State Leader, of which he became one of the editors. After three years he dis- posed of his interest and purchased the Sioux City Tribune which in 1884 he converted into a daily. He was the founder of the Sioux City Printing Company which furnishes auxiliary sheets for country papers. In 1803 he was appointed by President Cleveland Collector of Internal Revenue and was also disbursing agent of the Treasury Department. He was for many years an active member of the Reform Club of New York, and has long been an advocate of tariff reform and civil service. He was a dele- gate to the National Democratic Convention which nominated Cleveland for President, and has written many of the platforms of the Democratic party of Iowa.
DANIEL KERR was bom at Ayrshire, Scotland, June 18, 1836. He graduated at McKendree College in 1858, and came to America with^ his father's family in 1841, locating in Madison County, Illinois. In I860 he was a teacher in a high school. He read law with Governor A. C. French and was admitted to the bar in 1862. When the War of the Rebellion be- gan he enlisted as a private in Company G, of the One Hundred Seventeenth Illinois Volunteers, serving through the war and winning promotion to first lieutenant. He was in the oattles of Pleasant Hill, Nashville and Fort Blakely. After the war he again taught in the schools of Alton. In 1868 he was elected to the Illinois Legislature, serving until 1870. At the close of his term he removed to Iowa, becoming a resident of Grundy Cen- ter where he engaged in farming and the practice of law. In 1883 he was elected Representative to the House of the Twentieth General Assembly. In 1886 he was elected a Representative in Congress from the Fifth Dis- trict, serving two terms.
HARRIET A. KETCHAM was bom in New Market, Ohio, July 12, 1846. Her parents removed to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, when she was but five years old where she graduated from the Wesleyan University of that place. While quite young she was married to William B. Ketcham, a manufacturer, of Mount Pleasant. It was eight years after her marriage that she turned her attention to the art in which she became known
154 HISTORY
throughout the State. Beginning to model in clay she soon discovered her skill in shaping figures. She was fascinated with the work and soon began a course of instruction with noted sculptors. Mrs. Ketcham finally de- termined to devote her time and talent to the profession and placed her- self under the guidance of the famous Clark Mill. After ten years of work and instruction in this country she went to Italy and in Rome pursued her studies imder the instruction of the most noted sculptors of that city. While there she executed the figure of '' Peri at the Gates of Paradise/' which was taken to the Columbian Exposition and afterward placed in the Library of the State House at Des Moines. When designs were sought for the Iowa Soldiers' Monument there were forty-seven sub- mitted. The one made by Mrs. Ketcham was accepted by the commis- sioners and the structure erected after that model. She made busts of President Lincoln, Senators Harlan and Allison and Judge Samuel F. Miller. Mrs. Ketcham was stricken with paralysis while in the midst of her work, and died on the 20th of October, 1890.
CHAKLES R. KEYES was born in Des Moines, Iowa, December 24, 1864. His education was begun in the public schools of his native city and continued in Callanan College. Later he entered the State University from which he was graduated in 1887. The following two years were de- voted to study with Professor Wachsmuth of Burlington. During 1889 and 1890, Mr. Keyes was an assistant on the United States Greological Sur- vey and in the latter year received the degree of A. M. from the State University. Continuing his geological studies at John Hopkins University at Baltimore, he received from that institution the degree of Ph. D. in 1892. Dr. Keyes then returned to Des Moines and became Assistant State Geologist of Iowa. In 1894 he was appointed Director of the Bureau of €^logy and Mines of Missouri, which position he held until 1897 when he returned to Des Moines. In 1902 he was elected president of the New Mexico^ School of Mines at Socorro. Dr. Keyes is a prolific writer; among his best known works may be cited " Origin and Relation of Central Mary- land Granites," " Coal Deposits of Iowa " (Iowa Geological Survey Vol. II) and "Paleontology of Missouri" (Missouri Geological Survey Vol. IV, Pts. 1-2).
LUCIEN M. KILBURN was bom at Boscawen, New Hampshire, January 20, 1842. He spent his youthful days on his father's farm and in securing a public school education. Early in the Civil War he enlisted in the Sixteenth New Hampshire Volunteers, serving in the Department of the Gulf under General Banks. In ISdS he emigrated to Iowa, and after a few months purchased a fine farm in Adair County and has been ex- tensively engaged in stock raising and general farming. He was one of the founders and for nine years president of the Adair County Mutual In-
OF IOWA 155
Burance Company. In 1893 he was elected on the Republican ticket State Senator from the district composed of the counties of Madison and Adair, serving in the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Greneral Assemblies. He was an active supporter of woman suffrage, free text books and the reduction of official salaries.
JOHN KING, founder and editor of the first newspaper published within the limits of Iowa, was born at Shepardstown, Virginia, January 10, 1803. He was educated in the public schools of his native State and at Chillicothe, Ohio, to which place he removed in 1829. In 1833 he went to the frontier town of Dubuque, then in Michigan Territory, to engage in lead mining. Stephen T.Mason, then acting Governor of Michigan Territory, appointed Mr. King Chief Justice of the Court of Dubuque County during the first year of his residence there. In the fall of 1835 Judge King decided to establish a newspaper in the new town and made a trip to Cincinnati by river where he purchased a Washington hand press and a small print- ing outfit, returning as soon as navigation was resumed in the spring of 1836. He issued the first number of the Dubuque Visitor on the 11th of May of that year. It was the first and only newspaper in the vast re- gion north of St. Louis and west of the Mississippi River. Judge King was an able writer and judge, an enterprising pioneer and a citizen of the highest character. His foreman was Andrew Keesecker, an accomplished printer, who set the first type in Iowa. He was also a native of Shepards- town, bom there in 1810 and who came to Galena, Illinois, when a young man and worked on the first paper established there. He died in Dubuque April 15, 1870. Judge King died in that city February 13, 1871.
WILLIAM F. KING was born near Zanesville, Ohio, December 20, 1830. He graduated at the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, in 1857, and became tutor in that institution, where he remained five years. In 1852 he was called to the chair of ancient languages at Cornell College, Iowa, and since that time has been closely identified with the educational interests of that institution and the State. Upon the death of President Fel- lows in 1863, he was made acting president and was formally president in 1865, which position he has held continuously since. He is the senior college president in Iowa, and probably in the United States. Mr. King has been president of the State Teachers' Association and for years served on the most important committees; he has long been a member of the educational council of the National Teachers' Association. In 1870 the Illinois Wesleyan University conferred upon President King the degree of Doctor of Divinity, and in 1887 he received the degree of Doctor of Laws from his alma mater and from the Iqwa State University. In 1890 Dr. King was appointed by President Harrison member of the National Commission of the World's Fair. He was a member of the executive com-
166 HISTOKY
mittee and vice-chairman of the committee on awards. Dr. King has been prominent in the councils of the Methodist Episcopal church, has been three times elected to the General Conference, and in the conference of 1896 was chairman of the committee on education. He is also a member of the Board of Education of the Methodist Episcopal church. Cornell College has grown during Dr. King's administration from an enrollment of two hundred thirteen students in 1863 to seven hundred twenty-six in 1902. In 1863 one student was graduated, while the average of late years has been over fifty annually. The alumni number nine hundred forty-four. Cor- nell has, under Dr. King, become one of the strong and useful colleges of the church in this country.
LA VEGA G. KINNE is a native of Syracuse, New York, where he was bom on the 5th of November, 1846. He graduated at the high school then, taking the law course in the Michigan University, graduated in 1868 and was admitted to the bar at Ottawa, Illinois. In September, 1869, be removed to Iowa, locating at Toledo, in Tama County where he entered upon the practice of his profession. In the summer of 1881 he was Tkosm- inated for Governor by the Democratic State Convention and made a vigorous canvass of the State but the Republican majority was too large to be overcome. In 1883 he was again nominated by his party for the same position, again meeting with defeat by his former competitor, Governor Buren R. Sherman. At various times he has been the Democratic candi- date for United States Senator, District Attorney and Circuit Judge. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention in 1876 and again in 1884. In 1886 he was elected judge of the District Court and reelected in 1890. In 1891 he was nominated by his party for judge of the Supreme Court and was elected for a full term of six years. Judge Kinne has the distinctiiMi of being the first and only Democrat ever elected to that posi- tion by the people of Iowa since it became a State. In 1894 Judge Kinne was one of the commissionejrs from Iowa, upon imiform legislation in the several States. In 1896 he was president of the Iowa Bar Association. For ten years he has been law lecturer at the State University and lecturer before the Iowa College of Law at Des Moines. He is the author of "Kinne's Pleadings and Practice." When the State Board of Control was established by act of the General Assembly, Judge Kinne was appointed one of the three members and has served as president of the board.
JOHN F. KINNEY was bom in Oswego County, New York, April 2, 1816. He received a liberal education for that time and studied law. In August, 1844, he located at Fort Madison, Iowa, and the following year was elected Secretary of the Coimdl of the Legislative Assembly, serving two sessions. In 1846 he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney and in June, 1847, when but thirty-one years of age, was appointed by the Gover-
OF IOWA 157
nor Judge of the Supreme Court. In 1848 he was elected to the same office by the General Assembly for a term of six years. In 1863 he gave a dissenting opinion in a case before the Supreme Court involving the right of counties to issue bonds to aid in building railroads. Judge Kinney held that under the Constitution counties had no right to permit a major- ity of the voters to impose a tax upon the people to build railroads. A few years later Judge Samuel F. Miller of the United States Supreme Court gave a similar dissenting opinion. He referred to the opinion of Judge Kinney as a correct rendition of the law on the subject before the Iowa Supreme Court. Had these opinions prevailed hundreds of thousands of dollars would have been saved to the people of several Iowa counties for which no value was ever received. In August, 1853, Judge Kinney was appointed by President Pierce Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Utah. Accepting the position he made the journey of 1,600 miles with his family in an emigrant wagon over the plains then infested with hostile Indians. In 1860 he was reappointed by President Buchanan and in 1863 was removed by the Republican administration. Returning to Nebraska, he was chosen to Congress and gave his support to the war measures of that body. In 1867 he was a member of a commission to report upon the condition of the Sioux Indians. He was appointed by President Arthur agent for the Yankton Sioux Indians of Dakota, serving until 1889, when he removed to California where he died August 16, 1902.
WILLIAM H. KINSMAN was a native of Nova Scotia where he was bom in 1832. He was a sailor in early life and later entered the Columbia, New York, Academy. After attending law school in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1868 he went to Council Bluffs where he entered the law office of Clinton ft Baldwin. He was admitted to the bar of Pottawattamie Coimty and was employed on one of the city papers. When the Civil War began he assisted in raising the first military company organized in that county and was chosen second lieutenant. The company was assigned to the Fourth Iowa Infantry and became Company B. Kinsman was soon promoted to captain of the company which he led in the Battle of Pea Ridge. In July, 1863, he was placed on the staff of General Dodge and in August was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty-third Iowa Volunteers. In December he was promoted to colonel and commanded the regiment in the early battles of Grant's Vicksburg campaign. While gallantly leading a charge at the Battle of Black River Bridge he fell mortally wounded and died upon the field.
SAMUEL J. KIRKWOOD, fifth Governor of the Stete, was bom in Hartford County, Maryland, December 20, 1813. He was educated in Washington, D. C, and employed in a drug store. In 1835 his father re- moved to Richland County, Ohio, where for several years the son assisted
158 HISTORY
him in clearing a new farm in the heavy forest. He finally studied law and in 1843 was admitted to the har. From 1846 to 1849 he was Prosecuting Attorney and was then elected to the convention which framed the present Constitution of the State of Ohio. Up to 1854 Mr. Kirkwood was a Demo- crat but when that party attempted to force slavery into Kansas he be- came alienated and favored the free soil movement. In 1855 he removed to Iowa and purchased an interest in a mill near Iowa City. In February, 1866, he served as a delegate in the State Convention which organized the Bepublican party of Iowa. In ^e fall of that year he was elected to the State Senate from the district consisting of Iowa and Johnson counties, serving in the Sixth and Seventh General Assemblies. He won such repu- tation as a legislator that at the Republican State Convention in 1859 he was nominated for Gk)vemor and was elected over General A. C. Dodge the Democratic candidate by over 3,000 majority. During his two terms as Governor it devolved upon him to organize and send to the seat of war more than 60,000 citizen soldiers. How ably he met and performed the arduous duties which a great war thrust upon him is recorded in the most stirring chapters of Iowa history. He won a place with the greatest " War Governors" of the Nation. In 1866 he was elected to the United States Senate to fill a vacancy of two years. In 1875 he was again chosen Gover- nor; but the General Assembly of 1876 elected him to the Senate for a full term of six years and he resigned the office of Governor and returned to the Senate in March, 1877. Upon the inauguration of President Garfield, Governor Kirkwood was invited to a seat in the Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior which he accepted, resigning his position in the Senate. The death of the President terminated his service in the Cabinet after thirteen months and he retired to private life. During the quarter of a century that Governor Kirkwood was almost continually in public life, he pos- sessed the confidence and esteem of the people of Iowa in as great a degree as any citizen who ever served the State. On the 28th of September, 1892, ten years after Governor Kirkwood retired to private life, at the suggestion of Governor Sherman, more than thirty of the old associates of Governor Kirkwood in official positions living in different parts of the State, assembled at his home at Iowa City to pay their respects to the " War Governor " who was then about eighty years of age. It was a remarkable gathering of distinguished men of both political parties, after time had obliterated the bitterness of a score of partisan conflicts. All met as old friends and joined in honoring the man who had earned un- dying fame in the most critical period of our State and National history. Governor Kirkwood died at his home near Iowa City, September 1, 1894.
CHARLES W. KITTREDGE was bom in Portland, Maine, on the 16th of January, 1826. He received a liberal education and in 1839 joined his father's family in Adams Coimty, Illinois. He came to Iowa
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in about the year 1867, first locating at Mount Pleasant and later at Ottumwa. Early in the summer of 1861, he raised a company of volun- teers which was assigned to the Seventh Iowa Infantry, becoming Company F, of which Kittredge was appointed captain. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Belmont, where he was severely woimded and taken priso- ner. His wound disabled him for active service and he resigned. In August, 1862, having recovered, he was appointed colonel of the Thirty- sixth Iowa Infantry. He commanded the regiment in the Battle of Helena and in Steele's expedition against Little Rock he commanded a brigade. The regiment was captured at the Battle of Mark's Mills, but Colonel Kittredge being sick was not with it. He continued in the service to the close of the war.
JOSEPH C. KNAPP was bom at Berlin, Vermont, June 27, 1813. He received a liberal education, studied law and became a resident of Keosauqua, Iowa, in 1843. He became a member of the noted law firm of Wright, Knapp & Caldwell all of whom became eminent lawyers and dis- tinguished judges. In 1850 Mr. Knapp was appointed judge of the Third District and in 1863 was appointed United States District Attorney for Iowa by President Pierce. He was reappointed by President Buchanan, serving eight years. Judge Knapp was a Democrat and one of the leaders of that party. Living in a Republican State, he has been a candidate for its highest offices, but could not overcome the great majorities of his political opponents. He was a Democratic candidate for Supreme Judge in 1869, for Gk)vemor in 1871 and for United States Senator in 1872.
JOHN B. KNOEPFLER was bom at Neukirch, Germany, February 13, 1852, and came to America with his father in 1854. He grew to man- hood in Oakland, Michigan, where his father settled on a farm. Acquiring sufficient education by the time he was nineteen to teach school, with his earnings lie pursued studies in the higher institutions of learning. He removed to Iowa in 1876 where he became principal of a public school in Fayette County. In 1882 he was chosen superintendent of the city schools of West Union, serving seven years, when he removed to Lansing where he became superintendent of the schools of that city. In 1900 he was elected professor of German in the State Normal School at Cedar Falls. He has done a large amount of institute work in the counties of northern Iowa. In 1891 he was nominated by the Democratic State Convention for Superintendent of Public Instruction and elected, being the first Democrat to hold that office since 1863. He was defeated with his party in 1893 and returned to his former position at Lansing.
FREDERICK M. KNOLL of Dubuque is one of the veteran law- makers of Iowa, having served fourteen years in the General Assembly of
160 HISTOEY
the State. He was bom March 8, 1833, in Alsace, then a French province. He attended the schools of his native country and in August, 1853, when twenty years of age, emigrated to America, locating in Dubuque Ck>unty which has since been his home. For forty-eight years he has lived on the farm he selected for his home upon his arrival in America. During that time he has served ten years as a member of the board of supervisors, was forty-three years a member of the school board, and thirty-three years a justice of the peace. In 1861 he was first elected a Representative in the House of the Ninth General Assembly, was a member of the Senate in the Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth and Thirteenth General Assemblies. In 1877 Mr. Knoll was again elected to the House of the Seventeenth General As- sembly, and in 1890 his coimty returned him to the House of the Twenty- third General Assembly, twenty-eight years from the time he first entered the Legislature as one of its youngest members. Few citizens of Iowa have served so long as a public official, and in every position Mr. Knoll has proved faithful, efficient and worthy. He has been a Democrat from the time he landed in America and has many times represented his party in State conventions.
JOHN F. LACEY was born at New Martinsville, West Virginia, on the 80th of May, 1841. In 1855 he came with his father to Oskaloosa, near which they located on a farm. His education was limited by lack of means and he learned the trade of bricklaying. When the Civil War began he enlisted in Company H, Third Iowa Infantry, was captured at the Battle of Blue Mills but was soon released on parole. He returned home and be- gan to read law with Samuel A. Rice, then Attorney-General of Iowa. After being exchanged in 1862, he enlisted in Company D, Thirty- third Iowa Volunteers, of which Mr. Rice was appointed colonel. He was soon promoted to first lieutenant of Company C and later was appointed As- sistant Adjutant-General on the staff of General Steele, serving in that position to the end of the war. He participated in the battles of Helena, Little Rock, Elkin's Ford, Prairie d'Ann, Camden, Jenkin's Ferry and Blakely. Upon his return home he entered upon the practice of law. In 1869 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the House of the Thirteenth General Assembly, serving one term. He was city solicitor and is the author of Lacey's Railway Digest in two volumes and also of the Third Iowa Digest. He was first elected to Congress from the Sixth Dis- trict in 1888 and has been repeatedly reelected, serving to the close of the Nineteenth Century. He has taken a deep interest in the preservation of the forests and animals of the coimtry and is the author of numerous im- portant laws on the subject.
SCOTT M. LADD was bom at Sharon in the State of Wisconsin on the 22d of June, 1855. His early education was acquired in Sharon Acad-
OF IOWA 161
emy after which he entered Beloit College, remaining two years, then en- tered Carthage College where he graduated in 1879. He took the law course in the Iowa State University, finishing in 1881. Locating at Sheldon in O'Brien County, Iowa, in that year, he entered upon the practice of his profession and in 1886 was nominated on the Bepublican ticket for Dis- trict Judge of the Fourth Judicial District and elected, entering upon the duties of that office in January following. He was twice reelected, serving until January 1, 1897. At tiie Republican State Convention of 1896 he was nominated for Judge of the Supreme Court and was elected over Lemuel R. Bolter, the Fusion candidate, by a plurality of 64,377. The same year, the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon Judge Ladd by Carthage College. He entered upon the duties of Supreme Judge on the Ist of January, 1897.
JED LAKE was a native of Cortland Coimty, New York, where he was bom November 18, 1830. He attended district school winters assist- ing at farm wotk during the sununers until seventeen years old. His education was continued in New York Central College and a manual train- ing school at McOrawville. He continued his studies at Cortland Academy, supporting himself by teaching. He came to Iowa in 1855, locating at In- dependence where he studied law and in 1858 was admitted to the bar. In 1861 he was elected Representative in the House of the Ninth General Assembly and in 1862 entered the Union army during the extra session. He was tendered the position of Collector of Internal Revenue, but pre- ferred the military service and soon after was commissioned lieutenant- colonel of the Twenty-seventh Iowa Volimteers. He participated in the capture of Little Rock, the Red River expedition, Battle of Nashville, and capture of Mobile besides many minor engagements. In 1865 he succeeded to the command of the regiment upon the promotion of Colonel Gilbert. After the war closed Colonel Lake resumed practice at Independence. In another place is given an account of his services in successfully defeating the drive well monopoly, for which the €kneral Assembly of Iowa by passage of joint resolutions tendered to him the thanks of the people for the great service rendered the coimtry in saving millions of dollars in unjust attempts to collect royalties. Colonel Lake was appointed by Presi- dent Harrison one of the commissioners to appraise 60,000 acres of land in California. He was also one of the commissioners having in charge the building of the Hospital for the Insane at Cherokee.
JAMES T. LANE was bom at Freeport, Pennsylvania, on the 16th of March, 1830. He was educated at the University of Lewisburg in that State, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and came west in 1854 in search of a location. He stopped in Davenport, then a flourishing little city on the upper Mississippi River. Here he located on the 23d of Feb-
[Vol. 4]
162 HISTORY
ruary, 1854, and opened a law oflBce, making it his permanent home. He Boon acquired a good practice and upon the organization of the Repub- lican party on the 22d of February, 1866, Mr. Lane took an active part, serving as a delegate from Scott County in the first State Convention which met at Iowa City and was one of the secretaries of that gathering which brought a new party into existence. He entered into partnership with Abner Davisson, upon the death of D. S. True, and Davisson & Lane was for many years one of the leading law firms of Davenport. In 1861 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the House of the Ninth General Assembly and took rank among the leading members; was made chairman of the committee on military affairs, then the most important of the standing committees, as the country was in the midst of the great Civil War. In 1873 Mr. Lane was appointed by President Grant United States District Attorney for Iowa, serving with distinction until 1882. He died on the 19th of March, 1890.
JOSEPH R. LANE was born in Davenport, Iowa, on the 6th of May, 1858, and was the son of Hon. James T. Lane. He was educated at Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, attended the Law Department of the State University and began to practice law in Davenport in 1880. In 1898 he was elected to Congress on the Republican ticket in the Second District, serving but one term, as he declined a reflection. He has long been one of the active Republican leaders in the Second Congressional district, but prefers the line of his profession to official positions.
JAMES L. LANGWORTHY, one of the pioneers of Dubuque, was born in Windsor, Vermont, January 20, 1800. While a boy his father removed successively to New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Illinois, always keeping in the frontier settlements. In 1821 James made his way to the Galena lead mines on foot and engaged in mining. Having acquired great influence with the Sac, Fox and Winnebago Indians, in 1827 Mr. Lang- worthy was employed by the Government to accompany General Henry Dodge to negotiate a treaty with these tribes by which they were induced to move to the west side of the Mississippi River. In 1830 Mr. Lang- worthy and his brother, Lucius, obtained permission to engage in lead mining on the west side of the river in the old Dubuque mines. Several other white men crossed the river, made a settlement in the vicinity of the mines and made rules and regulations as to taking and holding claims on the mineral lands. The Indians made complaint against the invaders and the Federal officials ordered them to leave the Indian country. When the Black Hawk War began, Mr. Langworthy became a scout for General Dodge and served to the end of the war. He returned to Dubuque and again engaged in mining, securing rich veins of ore. Mr. Langworthy and his brother increased their mining enterprises and in 1833 were among
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the leading citizens of Dubuque. They were foremost in all public enterprises, liberally aiding the schools, churches and railroads. No citi- zens contributed more to build up Dubuque for a quarter of a century than the Langworthy brothers. James died in March, 1865, and his brother Lucius died in the following July.
WILLIAM LARRABEE, twelfth Governor of Iowa, was bom m Led- yard, Connecticut, January 20, 1832. His father Adam Larrabee was a graduate of West Point Military Academy and an officer in the War of 1812. The boyhood years of the son were passed on his father's farm. Hia education was acquired in the common schools and at the age of nineteen he became a teacher. In 1853 he started west, stopping first in Clayton County, Iowa, where he resumed teaching. For three years he was em- ployed as foreman on a large farm belonging to Judge Williams. In 1857 he purchased an interest in the Clermont mills, Fayette County, and eventually became the sole owner of the property. Later he became en- gaged extensively in farming and banking. In 1867 he was nominated by the Republicans of Fayette County for State Senator and elected. He re- mained in the Senate for eighteen years by successive reflections, serving the longest continuously of any member of the Iowa Legislature since the admission of the State. He was an able practical legislator and acquired by long service an intimate knowledge of public affairs, giving him great influence in shaping the laws and general State policy. During most of this period he was chairman of the committee of ways and means. In 1881 he was a candidate before the Rep^iblican State Convention for Governor but was not successful. In 1885 he received the nomination and was elected. His administration was noted for the firm stand he took in securing legislation to regulate the rates of railroad transportation and his rigid adherence to the principle of prohibition of the liquor traffic. At the close of his second term there was a formidable movement on part of the people to elect Crovernor Larrabee to the United States Senate. In 1893 he published a book on the " Railroad Question," which was an able his- torical and practical treatise on railroads and remedies for their abuses. It is an exceedingly valuable work on a subject that has long engaged the attention of Congress and State Legislatures. Upon the creation of the State Board of Control for the management of the business of the various State institutions. Governor Larrabee was appointed one of its members and was chosen president of the board. His son, William Larrabee, Jr., was a member of the House of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly.
HENRY W. LATHROP was born at Hawley, Massachusetts, October 28, 1819. His parents removed to Augusta, New York, where the son grew to manhood. He studied law at Albany and in 1847 removed to Iowa, locat- ing at Iowa City where he engaged in teaching school. He became the
164 HISTOEY
editor of the lotoa City RepubUoan. He was a delegate to the oonvention of 1856 which organized the Republican party of Iowa. He was one of the first regents of the State Uniyersity, helped to organize that institution and was chairman of the committee which selected the faculty. He served for seven years as treasurer of the University. In 1856 Mr. Lathrop sold the RepubUoan and moving onto a farm began to experiment in fruit raising. He was one of the founders of the State Horticultural Society and for more than half a century was a contributor to its work. He was for many years librarian of the State Historical Society and the author of many valuable historical articles tot the Annala of lotoa and the Jffit- ioHotil Reoord, Mr. Lathrop's most enduring work in history and biog^ raphy is the " Life and Times of Samuel J. Kirkwood/' a book of four hundred and seventy-four pages, published in 1893. It is an exceedingly valuable ocmtribution to the annals of the most important and exciting period of our State's history.
JACOB G. LAUMAN was bom in Tarrytown, Maryland, on the 20th of January, 1813. He came to Iowa in 1844, locating at Burlington where he engaged in mercantile business. At the beginning of the Rebellion he was active in raising military companies and on July 7, 1861, was com- missioDed colonel of the Seventh Regiment of Volunteer Infantry. BIb first battle was at Belmont where the Seventh Regiment was greatly dis- tinguished for gallant conduct and suffered greater loss than any other regiment taking part in the engagement, amounting to more than four hundred in killed, woimded and missing. Colonel Lauman was among the wounded. At the Battle of Fort I>onelson he was placed in command of a brigade and again greatly distinguished himself, receiving promotion to the rank of Brigadier-General. He commanded a brigade at Shiloh and at the Hatchie. At the Battle of Jackson he commanded a division and through a misunderstanding of orders it met with very heavy loss. At the close of the engagement General Lauman was relieved of his command and this closed his military career.
ALBERT M. LEA, who gave the name to Iowa before it had an or* ganized. existence as a Territory or State, was bom in east Tennessee in 1807. With a common school education he entered the Military Academy at West Point in 1827 from which he graduated in 1831. He was ap- pointed second lieutenant in the artillery service. In 1832 he was de- tached on topographic work and in 1834 was transferred to the First Dragoons, in the company commanded by Captain Jesse B. Browne. The regiment was sent to the upper Mississippi with headquarters at old Fort Des Moines (now Montrose) in Lee County, Iowa. It was from here in 1835 that Lieutenant Lea accompanied the exploring expedition under Captain Boone which marched through the wild regions bordering on the
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Upper Des Moines, Boone and Iowa rivers. lieutenant Lea wrote the first description of that part of the country ever published, from notes and maps made while on the march. After his return, he published a book of forty* fiye pages to which he gave the title " Notes on the Iowa District of Wis- consin Territory." This is believed to have been the first time the name "Iowa" was applied to the coimtry which two years later became the Territory of Iowa. While in camp on the shores of a beautiful lake in southern Minnesota, lieutenant Lea made a plat and sketch which was sent to the War Department, where the name '* Albert Lea " was given it. He soon after resigned his commission and purchased claims at the mouth of Pine Creek on the west side of the Mississippi, eighteen miles below Rock Island, where he laid out a town which he named Ellenborough. He ez- pected this to be an important city as the coimtry became settled but the founding of Davenport on one side and Muscatine on the other, ruined his hopes and the plat became in time a farm. Lieutenant Lea was em- ployed as a civil engineer to assist in establishing the disputed boundary between Iowa and Missouri. In 1841 he was chief clerk in the War De- partment and in 1843 was Professor of Mechanics in the University of Tennessee. During the Civil War he was an officer in the Confederate army. He died at Corsicana, Texas, on the 30th of January 1891.
JOSEPH B. LEAKE was bom in Cumberland County, New Jersey, April 1, 1828. In 1836 he removed with his parents to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he received his early education. He entered the Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, graduating in the class of 1846. After leaving college he studied law in Cincinnati and was admitted to the bar in 1850. Coming to Iowa in 1856, Mr. Leake opened a law office at Davenport. In 1861 he was elected to fill a vacancy in the House of Representatives at the extra session of the Eighth General Assembly in 1861. He was elected to the Senate of the Ninth General Assembly, serring at the regular and extra sessions, when he resigned to enter the army. Mr. Leake was com- missioned captain of Company G, and was soon promoted to lieutenant- colonel of the Twentieth Regiment of Volunteers. He participated in the Battle of Prairie Grove, where he commanded the regiment. Soon after his command was transferred to the Army of the Tennessee, and after the fall of Vicksburg the Twentieth Regiment joined the Army of the Gulf in the Mobile campaign. Colonel Leake was taken prisoner at the Battle of Bayou' Fordoche, remaining in a Confederate prison until July, 1864. In 1865 he was brevetted Brigadier-Gteneral for conspicuous services and was mustered out in July of the same year. Upon his return to Iowa, General Leake was again elected to the State Senate of the Eleventh General As- sembly where he was chairman of the judiciary committee. Later he occupied several positions of trust in his home city and coimty. Early in the seventies General Leake removed to Chicago, where in 1879 he was
166 HISTORY
appointed by the President, United States Attorney for the District of Northern Illinois, serving until 1884. From 1887 to 1891 he was the at- torney for the Chicago Board of Education; and he has filled the position of Ck>mmander of the Legion of Honor of Illinois.
ANTOINE LE CLAIRE was bom at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father was a French trader and his mother was the daughter of a chief of the Pottawattamie Indians. He was conversant with many In- dian dialects and acted as interpreter for Colonel Davenport in his inter- course with the Indians, while stationed at Fort Armstrong. In 1820 Le Claire married the granddaughter of a Sac chief. In the treaty of 1832 between the Sac and Fox Indians and the United States, in which Le Claire was the interpreter, a grant of two sections of land was made to him by these tribes. One section is now embraced in the limits of Daven- port and the other was where the town of Le Claire has been built. The Pottawattamies gave him two sections of land now embraced in the city of Moline. Mr. Le Claire was one of the foimders of the cities of Daven- port and Le Claire and a liberal promoter of many public enterprises in the two places in early days. He died at Davenport in September 1861.
HENRY W. LEE, the first Episcopal Bishop of Iowa, was born in Hamden, Connecticut, on the 29th of July, 1816. A few months later his father removed to Springfield, Massachusetts, where the son spent his youthful days and received his education. In October, 1839, he was or- dained to the ministry of the Episcopal church by Bishop Griswold. He was called to be Rector of Christ Church at Springfield in April 1840, where he remained three years. He then accepted a call to St. Luke's church, at Rochester, New York, where he remained eleven years. The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Hobart College in 1850 and by the University of Rochester in 1852. In 1867 the degree of LL. D. was conferred on him by the University of Cambridge, England. On the Ist of June, 1854, Dr. Henry W. Lee was elected Bishop of the Diocese of Iowa and on the 18th of October was consecrated at Rochester in the presence of the Bishops of New York, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan and Illinois, Bishop Eastman of Vermont, presiding. Bishop Lee made a visit to the principal churches of Iowa in the fall of that year and in January, 1855, removed to Daven- port. He immediately entered upon the work of raising a permanent fimd for the diocese which was wisely invested in more than 6,000 acres of land which as the years went by became valuable, yielding a large income. He was instrumental in founding Griswold College at Davenport which was opened in 1860. In 1867 he made a visit to the principal countries of Europe, preaching in some of the largest churches of England, France and Ireland. After an arduous service of twenty years as Bishop of Iowa Henry W. Lee died at his home on the 26th of September, 1874. The last
OF IOWA 167
great work he gave to the diocese was the erection of Grace Cathedral at Davenport.
SHEPHERD LEFFLER was born in Washington Ck)unty, Pennsyl- vania, in 1814. His education was obtained in the oomm<m schools of that section and at Steubenville, Ohio. He studied law and came to the " Black Hawk Purchase" in 1835, locating at the ''Flint Hills/' then a little frontier village of log cabins. He improved a farm near by and began the practice of law. In 1839 he was elected a Representative in the Legisla- tive Assembly of the new Territory when but twenty-five years of age. He was reelected in 1841 and in 1842 was promoted to the Council where he served by reflection in the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Legislative Assem- blies until Iowa became a State. He was chosen a delegate to the First Constitutional Convention in 1844, served through its sessions and in 1846 was a member of the second convention which framed the Constitution under which Iowa became a State. In 1846 he received the nomination for Congress in the State at large, by the Democratic Convention and was elected. He was reelected from the Second District in 1848, serving four years. In 1856 he was again a candidate for Congress in the Second Dis- trict but was defeated by Timothy Davis his old competitor, as the Re- publican party had now a large majority. In 1875 Mr. Leffler was nomin- ated by the Democratic State Convention for Governor but was defeated by Grovemor Elirkwood. This was his last appearance in State politics. Few public officials in Iowa have exercised so wide an influence in shaping its policy, framing and enacting its laws and formulating its constitu- tions in the pioneer period, as Shepherd Leffler. Serving in six of its Territorial Legislatures, two Constitutional Conventions and four years in Congress immediately after the admission of the State, his impress is found upon all of our early laws. He was one of the trusted leaders of the Democratic party as long as it controlled the Territory and State. He died at Burlington in 1879.
FRANK LEVERETT, geologist, was bom near Denmark, Iowa, Marcli 10, 1859. He was reared in the atmosphere of the academy founded by the grandfather. Rev. Asa Turner, which he entered in 1872. Upon leav- ing the academy in 1878 the young man spent a year on his father's farm. In 1880 he was made teacher of natural science, a position which he held for three years. During this time he became especially interested in geology which led him to spend a year in Colorado, partly at Colorado College and partly in field work. In 1884 he entered the Iowa Agricultural College, and before completing his contemplated course preparatory to teaching, he became especially interested in glacial geology. Through the influence of W. J. McGee and Professor T. C. Chamberlain he received the position of Special Field Assistant on the United States Geological Survey.
168 HISTORY
In 1890 he was made an Asaistant United States Geologiat. He haa giyen hia attention chiefly to glacial geology, considering the depodta both in their economic and scientific phases. In 1892 he spent some time in the aerrice of the Illinois Board of World's Fair Commissioners, preparing an exhibit of the soils of the State. His scientific publications began in 1884 and he has since contributed numerous valuable articles to scientific publications, among which may be mentioned the "Water Besouroes of niinois/' and two monographs published by the United States Geological Surrey, the first on the '' Illinois Glacial Lobe," and the second " Glacial Formations and Drainage Features of the Erie and Ohio Basins.'
ft
LORENZO D. LEWELLING, was bom in Salem, Iowa, December 21, 1846. His father, William, was a Quaker minister, who died when his son was a small boy. Lorenzo worked for farmers in the neighborhood, went to district school in the winter and later graduated from Whittier College. When sixteen years of age he began work at bridge building, drove cattle in the quartermaster's department in Tennessee during the war and again became a member of a company of bridge builders. He was a teacher under the Freedman's Aid Society in Missouri after the close of the war. Mr. Lewelling served some time as assistant superintendent of the State Reform School and in 1870 established a paper at Salem. He and his wife were employed in the Girls' Industrial School at Mitchell- ville for a number of years and later he was president of the State Normal School. In 1880 Mr. Lewelling removed to Des Moines and established the lotoa Capital, In 1887 be removed to Kansas, locating at Wichita, where he took an active interest in politics, espousing the cause of the new Popu- list party and becoming one of the most eloquent advocates of its prin- ciples. In 1888 he was nominated by that party for Secretary of State but was defeated at the eledtion. In 1892 the Democrats and Populists united upon a ticket and Mr. Lewelling was the fusion candidate for Governor. After a spirited canvas he was elected over the Republican candidate by a plurality of over 5,000. He was renominated in 1894 but was defeated at the election.
WARNER LEWIS, one of the pioneers of northern Iowa, was bom in Groochland County, Virginia, in November, 1805. He emigrated to the mining region of Michigan Territory in 1827 and was appointed clerk of the United States District Court of that Territory. He served in the Black Hawk War and in 1833 removed to Dubuque. At the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature Mr. Lewis served as chief clerk of the House of Representatives. Upon the creation of Iowa Territory in 1838 he was elected to the Council of the First Legislative Assembly where he took a prominent part in framing the first laws. In 1841 he was again a member of the Assembly and was chosen Speaker of the House. In 1850
OF IOWA 169
he was elected to the State Senate where he served four years. He was appointed hy Gtovernor Lucas Major-General of the Iowa militia and as- sisted in its organization. In 1846 he was appointed Register of the United States Land Office at Duhuque. In 1863 he was appointed hy President Pierce Surveyor-General for Iowa, V^soonsin and Minnesota and at the ex- piration of his term was reappointed hy President Buchanan. He served twenty-four years as recorder of Duhuque County. Hr. Lewis was a prominent member of the I>emoGratie party during all of his mature life and died in Dubuque, May 4, 1888, at the age of eighty-three.
W. R. LEWIS was bom in Muskingham County, Ohio, October 12, 1835. In April, 1867, he removed to Poweshiek County, Iowa, which has since been his home. He worked at carpentering and taught school until 1861, and during hours not otherwise employed studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1866. Mr. Lewis held a number of positions in his home county and in 1880 was elected judge of the Circuit Court. This position he held six years until that court was abolished. He was then elected judge of the District Court, retiring from the bench in 1800, and resuming the practice of law. In 1897 he was elected to the State Senate, serving in the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth General Assemblies.
JAMES R. LINCOLN was bom in Maryland, February 3, 1845, and was educated at Landon Military Academy in his native State, and in the Pennsylvania Military College. When the Civil War began he enlisted in the Confederate army serving through the war. In 1867 he came to Iowa, locating at Boonsboro where he was superintendent of a coal mining company, and served as mayor of the city. He removed to Ames in 1884 and was elected Professor of Military Tactics in the State College of Agriculture when General Gtoddes was displaced by the trustees. In 1802 he was steward of the college and later Professor of Commercial Law and Mining Engineering. He was Inspector-General of the Iowa National Guard when the Spanish War began and was placed in command of Camp McKinley at Des Moines. In May, 1808, he was promoted to Brigadier- General of Volunteers.
CHARLES LINDERMAN wAs bom in Orange County, New York, on the 4th of February, 1820, and was educated in the common schools and at Bloomingburg and Clinton Academies. In 1855 he removed to Iowa, locating at Davenport, where he has been engaged in banking and farm- ing. He removed to Page County before the beginning of the Civil War and upon the organization of the Eighth Iowa Cavalry was commissioned second lieutenant of Company A, serving to the close of the war, having been promoted to first lieutenant. He served as clerk of Page County from 1860 to 1863, and in 1865 was elected on the Republican tidcet Rep-
170 mSTORT
resentative to the Eleventh General Assembly. Before the expiration of his term he was elected clerk of the Supreme Court, serving by reflection until 1875. In 1891 he was again chosen to represent his county in the Twenty-fourth General Assembly, serving two terms.
MATHIAS LORAS, the first Catholic Bishop of Iowa, was bom at Lyons, France, August 30, 1792. His father, who was a loyalist at the time of the French Revolution, fell a victim to the "reign of terror." Young Loras studied at Lyons several years and became a priest in 1817. He came to America in 1829. His fine ability attracted attention and in a few years he became Vicar-General. When the Diocese of Dubuque was established Father Loras was made bishop. He returned to France and procured six missionaries for the new diocese and reached Dubuque in April, 1839. The diocese embraced all of the territory north of Missouri between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers in which were more than 30,- 000 Indians who were in his charge. Throughout this region he estab- lished schools. He sat in the Fourth Council of Baltimore in 1840, in the Fifth in 1843, the Sixth in 1846 and again in 1849. After many ineffectual efforts in 1843 he succeeded in obtaining a religious community for the girls' school of his diocese. In 1864 he had established thirty-one Catholic churches in the State of Iowa with a membership of more than 15,000. During nearly twenty years of devoted work for the church he won the esteem of thousands of its best citizens. He died on the 19th of February, 1858, at Dubuque.
WILLIAM LOUGHRIDGE was born in Youngstown, Ohio, July 11, 1827. He received a common school education, studied law and began practice in Mansfield, Ohio. Coming to Iowa in 1852 he located at Oska- loosa where he practiced law. In 1856 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate, serving four years. In 1861 he was chosen judge of the Sixth Judicial Circuit, serving until January, 1867. He was elected to Congress in 1866 and twice reelected, being a member of the Fortieth, Forty-first and Forty-third Congresses.
JAMES M. LOVE was bom in Fairfax, Virginia, March 4, 1820. The family removed to Zanesville, Ohio, when he was a lad of twelve and there he obtained a good education and studied law with an older brother. When the war with Mexico began he volunteered and was chosen captain of a company, serving through the war. In 1850 he re- moved to Iowa, locating at Keokuk where he entered into partnership with Samuel F. Miller in the practice of law. In 1852 he was elected on the Democratic ticket to the State Senate where he served four years as chairman of the judiciary committee. In 1855 he was appointed by Presi- dent Pierce Judge of the United States District Court for Iowa, a position
(o. ^>c^y7ir/ryty/^/_x//zJ
OF IOWA 171
he held the remainder of his life. In 1876 he accepted an appointment in the State University as Professor of Commercial Liaw and served three years as Chancellor of the Law Department. Of all the decisions rendered by Judge Love during his long term of service but three were reversed by the Supreme Court. He died July 2, 189L At the following meeting of t)ie Pioneer Lawmakers' Association, Judge George G. Wright said of Judge Love:
'' As a lawyer, he ranked among the ablest in the west ; as a legislator he was the peer of any of his colleagues; as a judge he was honest, labo- rious, courteous, learned and strong; his life and character were pure and spotless."
ENOS LOWE, one of the pioneer lawmakers of Iowa, was born on the 5th of May, 1804, in the county of Guilford, North Carolina. He took a course in medicine at the Ohio Medical College and, locating at Greencastle, Indiana, entered upon the practice of his profession. He be- came an active Democratic politician and was elected to a seat in the In<liana Legislature. In 1837 he removed to the " Black Hawk Purchase " and located at Burlington, then a small frontier village where he prac- ticed medicine. He became widely and favorably known and in 1844 was chosen a member of the First Constitutional Convention where he made the acquaintance of many young men who afterwards became famous in the history of Iowa. The Constitution framed by this Convention having been rejected. Dr. Lowe was elected to the Convention of 1846 which enacted the Constitution under which Iowa became a State. He was elected to preside over that body. When the United States Land Office was established at Iowa City Dr. Lowe was appointed receiver of public money and removed to the Capital. In 1853 he was appointed receiver of the United States Land Office at Council Bluffs. He became one of the founders of the city of Omaha, being a member of the company that platted the town in 1853. He died on the 13th of February, 1880.
RALPH P. LOWE, fourth Governor of the State of Iowa, was born in Warren County, Ohio, on the 27th of November, 1805. His father owned a farm and kept a stage station and tavern. Ralph assisted his father, and when a boy his ambition was to some day become a stage driver. But as he grew older and listened to the talk of Henry Clay and other distinguished statesmen who stopped at his father's tavern, on their journeys by stage coach, he imbibed a higher ambition. He began to study and entered the Miami University where he graduated. He then began the study of law. In 1840 he came to Iowa, crossing the Mississippi River at Bloomington (now Muscatine) where he bought a farm. He improved the farm and began to practice law, taking an active part in public affairs. In 1844 he was elected to the First Constitutional Convention. In 1845 he
172 mSTOBY
was nominated by the Whigs for Delegate in Congress, but the Democrats had a clear majority in the Territory and he was defeated by General A. C Dodge. In 1862 Hr. Lowe, was chosen judge of the District Court, serv- ing until 1867 when he resigned, having been nominated by the Republican State Convention for €k>vemor. He was elected and was the first Gover- nor under the new Constitution, serving but one term. In 1869 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court and became Chief Justice in 1860. He was reelected in 1861 and again became Chief Justice in 1866. He re- moved to Washington, D. C, in 1874 where he resumed the practice of law, and died in that city December 22, 1883.
ROBERT LUCAS, first Governor of Iowa Territory, was bom at Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, Virginia, on the 1st of April, 1781. His father was an officer in the Revolutionary War who, in 1800, liberated his slaves and removed to Scioto County, Ohio. Robert received his educa- tion under a private teacher and became a surv^or. When the War of 1812 began he was appointed captain in the regular army and as the war progressed attained the rank of colonel. He served nineteen years in the Ohio Legislature and during that period was presiding officer of both House and Senate. In 1832 he was president of the Democratic National Convention which nominated Andrew Jackson for President. In the same year he was elected Governor of Ohio and in 1834 was reelected, serving four years. On the 7th of July, 1838, he was appointed by President Van Buren Governor of the new Territory of Iowa. As his services in that position have been mentioned quite fully elsewhere it is sufficient here to say that he gave to Iowa an able, intelligent and faithful administration. At its close he retired to his farm near Iowa City in June, 1841. Gover- nor Lucas was chosen a member of the First Constitutional Convention which met in 1844 and was one of its ablest and most useful delegates. He died at his home February 7, 1863.
JOSEPH LYMAN was bom at Lyons, Michigan, September 13, 1840. He received but a common school education as the war came soon after he entered college and he left to enlist in the Union army. He first became a private in the Fourth Iowa Cavalry but in October, 1862, was promoted to adjutant of the Twenty-ninth Infantry and in February, 1866, was pro- moted to major, serving to the close of the war. Upon returning home he studied law, was admitted to the bar and entered upon practice at Council Bluffs. He was for a time deputy collector of Internal Revenue in the Fifth District and was circuit judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District from January, 1884, until he was elected Representative in Congress from the Fifth District at the general election of that year. He served two terms, having been reelected in the fall of 1886. Mr. Lyman died at Council Bluffs on the 0th of July, 1800.
EMiL Mcclain
OF IOWA 173
WILLIAM CORSE McARTHUR, grandson of General John M. Corse, one of Iowa's most distinguished soldiers, is a native of Burlington. Mr. McArthur received his education at the Institute College of Burlington, Chicago University and Cornell University of New York, where he gradu- ated in 1881. He took the law course at Columbia College and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1882. Immediately he entered upon practice in his native city and was soon after appointed deputy collector of Internal Revenue. He served as colonel on the staffs of Governors Jackson and Drake. In 1896 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the House of Representatives of the Twenty-sixth General Assembly where he was a prominent supporter of bills to permit the manufacture of spirituous liquors in the State, to drain lowlands of the Mississippi valley and to prohibit city councils from granting franchises to quasi-public corpora- tions. In 1897 he was elected to the State Senate where he served in the Twenty-seventh General Assembly. In 1900 Mr. McArthur was appointed clerk of the United States District Court.
CORNELIUS G. MCCARTHY was bom at Toledo, Ontario, January 29, 1843. He was educated in the common schools and in 1864 came to Iowa and taught school in Story County. In 1867 he located at Ames and became engaged in farming and stock raising. He was for many years connected with the Central Importing k Breeding Company which carried on a large business in importing French and English horses of the best breeds. In 1881 Mr. McCarthy was elected county auditor, serving four terms. In 1889 he was elected on the Republican ticket to represent Story County in the House of the Twenty-third General Assembly. During the same year he helped to organize the Iowa Savings & Loan Association of which he has long been president. In 1892 he was elected Auditor of State, serving by reflection three terms. He was instrumental in intro- ducing many reforms in that important department. Mr. McCarthy ac- quired wide influence in the Republican party and became one of its most influential leaders. He has from the first been a warm supporter of Hon. A. B. Cummins for United States Senator, and was largely instrumental in securing his nomination for Governor in 1901.
EMIL MoCLAIN is a native of the State of Ohio, having been bom in Salem, November 26, 1851. His father removed with his family to Iowa in 1856, locating in Tipton where he had charge of the public schools. The son entered the State University at Iowa City in 1871, graduating in the Law Department in 1873. He studied law with Judge Wright of Des Moines, becoming his private secretary after he was chosen United States Senator and later was clerk of the Senate committee on claims. In 1877 he began to practice law in Des Moines and prepared "McClain's Anno- tated Statutes of Iowa" which was published in 1880 and became the
174 HISTORY
standard code of the State. In 1881, Mr. McClain was appointed professor in the Law Department of the State University, removing to Iowa City where he was made Vice-Chancellor in 1887 and Chancellor in 1890. He has heen long a law writer; his principal works are: " Outlines of Criminal Law," 1884 ; " Synopsis of Elementary Law and Law of Personal Property,'' 1884; " Digest of Iowa Reports," 1887 and 1898; " Criminal Law," two vol- umes, 1897; "Cases on Law of Carriers," 1893 and 1896; "Cases on Con- stitutional Law," in 1900. He has been a contributor to many law jour- nals and an active member of the American Bar Association. In 1894 Chancellor McClain was appointed one of the Commissioners of Iowa to act with Commissioners from other States to recommend uniform laws on negotiable instruments and in conformity with their report acts have been passed by New York, Connecticut, Colorado, Florida and other States which will probably be the basis of future commercial law in the United States. In 1894 Chancellor McClain was selected by the Senate of Iowa as one of the Code Commissioners to formulate a revised code. Their work was the basis of the code adopted by the special session of the Twenty- sixth General Assembly. Chancellor McClain was selected to prepare the annotations of the new code which was published in 1897. At the Be- publican State Convention in 1900, he received the nomination for Judge of the Supreme Court, and was elected, assuming the duties in January, 1901.
MOSES A. McCOID was bom in Logan County, Ohio, on the 6th of November, 1840. He was educated at Fairfield University and Washington College, Pennsylvania. He removed to Rairfield, Iowa, and studied law with James F. Wilson of that place from 1858 to 1861. On the 6th of May he enlisted in Company E, Sixth Regiment of Volunteer Infantry. He took part in the battles of Fort Donelson, 8hiloh, Corinth. Bear Creek, Resaca and Ostenaula River. He was first promoted to second lieutenant and later to adjutant of the regiment. Upon his return from the war he engaged in the practice of law at Fairfield and was chosen District Attorney of the Sixth District, serving until 1871 when he was elected to the State Senate where he served six years. He was elected to Congress on the Republican ticket in 1878 and was twice reelected, serving six years.
GEORGE W. McCRARY was born on the 29th of August, 1836, near Evansville, Indiana. In 1837 the family emigrated to the "Black Hawk Purchase," locating in Van Buren County where the son grew to man- hood on his father's farm. He received a liberal education and when nineteen began to study law with Rankin A Miller. When Miller became Judge of the United States Supreme Court, Mr. McCrary took his place in the law firm. In 1857, at the age of twenty-two, Mr. McCrary was elected a Representative in the House of the Seventh General Assembly, being its
OF IOWA 175
youngest member. In 1861 he was elected to the State Senate, serving four years. He was an able and influential legislator and in 1868 was elected Representative in Congress from the First District. He was re- peatedly reelected, serving eight years. As chairman of the committee on elections in the Forty-second Congress he insisted that every case should be decided upon the evidence, independent of partisan considerations. lu the Forty-third Congress as chairman of the committee on railroads and canals he prepared an able report on the constitutional power of Congress to regulate commerce among the States which has since been regarded as high authority sustaining that power. At the time of the contest follow- ing the Presidential election of 1876, Mr. McCrary originated the famous Electoral Commission which decided that perilous controversy. He made an able argument before that tribunal in support of the legality of the election of Hayes and when the latter became President, Greorge W. Mc- Crary was chosen Secretary of War, entering the Cabinet March 12, 1877. After nearly three years' service in that position, he was appointed United States Judge of the Eighth Circuit, embracing the States of Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas and Arkansas. Mr. McCrary resigned the war portfolio and entered upon the duties of his new position in Jan- uary, 1880. He brought to the bench great legal attainments, his opin- ions were clear, sound and comprehensive and rank as high authority. He here met as an associate his first instructor in law and his life-long friend. Justice Samuel F. Miller. In 1884 Judge McCrary resigned the judgeship and accepted the position of general counsel for the Santa Fe Railroad system, making his home in Kansas City. As a law writer Judge McCrary ranked high; his "American Law of Elections," is the standard work on that subject. He was a contributor to the North American Review and an able writer on Unitarianism, being a prominent member of that denomi- nation. He died in the meridian of a noble life on the 23d of June, 1890, loved and honored by the best people of the Nation. His body was taken to his old home where it rests among his early friends at Keokuk. He was a noble man, an unsullied statesman and jurist and the highest type of an American citizen.
JAMES W. MoDILL was born at Monroe, Ohio, March 4, 1834. He was educated at the South Salem Academy and at Miami University from which he graduated in 1853. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and removed to Union County, Iowa, in 1866. Here he served as county judge one term, was clerk of a Senate committee and clerk in the office of the third auditor at Washington. In 1868 he was elected judge of the Circuit Court and later judge of the District Court. In 1872 he was elected to Congress for the Eighth District, serving two terms. In 1878 he was appointed Railroad Commissioner, serving until March, 1881, when he was appointed United States Senator to fill the vacancy occasioned by the
176 HISTORY
resignation of Kirkwood. The term ended March 4, 1883. Judge Mc- Dill was again appointed Railroad Comnussioner for three years from April, 1884. He was appointed by President Harrison one of the members of the Inter-State Commerce Conmiission, which place he held at the time of his death which occurred on the 28th of February, 1894.
W J MgGEE was bom in Dubuque County, Iowa, April 17, 1853. In youth he worked on a farm and in a blacksmith shop and became a land surv^or. He was a student, securing a good knowledge of Latin and hi^er mathematics. Early in the seventies he went to Farley where he invented and had patented several mechanical devices, chiefly improve- ments in agricultural implements. About this time he began to take an interest in geology and archeology and made an amateur geological survey, covering 17,000 square miles in northeastern Iowa, being the most ex- tensive survey ever made at private expense. From 1883 to 1893 he was in charge of the coastal plain operations of the United States Geological Survey, compiling many geological maps and making personal surveys covering more than 300,000 square miles. He has published several volumes and many papers on geological and anthropological subjects. Professor McGee has established various new principles in glacial and general geology, as well as tracing the beginnings of agriculture, marriage, domesti- cation of animals, etc., in the field of anthropology. In addition to his official position in charge of the Bureau of American Ethnology at Wash- ington, Professor McGee is non-resident professor of anthropology in the State University of Iowa and was representative of the United States Geological Survey in the International Geological Congress at Berlin in 1887; acting president of the American Association for Advancement of Science, 1897; president of the Anthropological Society of Washington, 1897-99; vice-president of the National Geographic Society, 1898-9; first president of the American Anthropological Association and vice-president of the Ordicalogical Institute of America. He is a member of leading scientific and historical societies, being founder of Columbia Historical So- ciety and first editor of the Geological Society of America.
JOHN F. McJUNKIN was bom in Washington County, Pennsylvania, September 23, 1830. He attended the public schools until qualified to teach, when for several years he earned by that occupation enough to se- cure an excellent education. In 1857 he began to study law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1858. The following year he located in Washing- ton County, Iowa, and entered upon the practice of his profession. He was elected to the State Senate in the fall of 1863 on the Republican ticket, serving in the Tenth and Eleventh General Assemblies. Mr. McJunkin was the author of the joint resolutions adopted by the Tenth General As- sembly instructing our Senators and Representatives in Congress to sup-
JAMES W. MCDILL
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OF IOWA 177
port an amendment to the Federal Constitution for the entire abolition of slavery. This was the first action taken by a State which resulted in such an amendment. In 1876 he was elected Attorney-General of the 6tate on the Republican ticket, in which position he served two terms. He died many years ago.
JOHN McKEAN is a native of the State of Pennsylvania, born in Lawrence County on the 19th of July, 1835. He was an infant when his father removed to Ohio and located on a farm where the boy received his early education. Later he attended New Richmond College. In 1864 John and a brother came to Iowa in an emigrant wagon, taking a claim at Scotch Grove in Jones County, where they opened a farm. He read law at Anamosa in Jones County, was admitted to the bar and there began to prac- tice. In 1866 he was elected to the House of the Eleventh General As- sembly serving two terms, after which he was promoted to the Senate where he served in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth General Assemblies. Mr. McKean was an able and influential legislator and did good service for the Agricultural College and the State University; for six years he was a regent of the latter. He secured the establishment of an additional penitentiary at Anamosa. In 1872 he was elected judge of the Circuit Court, where he renuiined for many years.
HORACE G. McMillan was born in Wayne County, Ohio, May 20, 1864. When but three years of age his parents removed to Washington County, Iowa, where he grew to manhood. His education was acquired in the district school and the academies of Grandview and Washington. Later he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1880, immediately entering upon practice in Washington. He removed to Rock Rapids in Lyon County in 1882. In early days the bonds of that county had been fraudulently issued for $170,000 and the school districts had been bonded for sums ranging from $20,000 to $260,000 each. When legitimate settlers came in litigation was instituted to defeat the payment of these fraudulent bonds, and Mr. McMillan was employed to conduct some of the suits on behalf of the county and school districts. He tried them in the State and United States Supreme Courts, winning two of them, and thus saved thousands of dollars to the taxpayers. He served three terms as county attorn^ and in 1892 was chosen a member of the Republican State Central Committee, serving many years. In 1896 he was elected chairman of the committee and as such had charge of three State campaigns, conducting them with marked ability. In 1898 he was appointed by President McKinley United States Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa. The same year he in company with Cyrenus Cole, late of the State Register, purchased the Cedar Fapids Daily Republican, of which they immediately assumed the management.
[YoL S)
178 HISTORY
SAMUEL McNUTT was bom near Londonderry, Ireland, November 21, 1825. His father emigrated to America when the son was a child and located on a farm in Delaware. Samuel was educated in Delaware College, taught school and studied law. He removed to Milwaukee where he was admitted to the bar in 1851. He came to Iowa in 1854, and en- gaged in teaching at Muscatine. He joined D. F. Wells in the publication of the Voice of Iowa, the first educational periodical in the State. In 1850 Mr. McNutt purchased an interest in the Muscatine Enquirer, assuming the editorial management. A few years later he became associate editor of the Dubuque Herald with J. B. Dorr. Up to this time Mr. McNutt had been a "Douglas Democrat" but when the Civil War began he became a warm supporter of Lincoln's administration as a Union Democrat. The "War Democrats" were displeased with the position of the Herald and united in establishing The Evening Union with Mr. McNutt as editor. It was a strong supporter of the war measures of Congress and the President. After the Union was discontinued he became one of the editors of the Dubuque Times, afterwards returning to Muscatine. Having united with the Republican party he was elected in the fall of 1863 Representative in the Legislature where he served by reflection for six years and at the close of his third term was elected to the Senate for four years. He was one of the early and able advocates of legislative control of railroads and in all matters before the Legislature was an earnest champion of the interests of the industrial classes and the author of many excellent laws. In 1872 he was a prominent candidate for State Treasurer before the Republican Convention but was defeated by the railroad influence which was united against him. In August, 1890, he was appointed by President Harrison United States Consul at Maracaibo, in Venezuela.
SMITH Mcpherson was bom in Morgan County, Indiana, Febru- ary 14, 1848. He was reared on a farm, received a liberal education and removing to Iowa entered the State University, graduating in the Law Department in 1870. He located at Red Oak in Montgomery County and entered upon the practice of law. In 1874 he was elected on the Repub- lican ticket District Attorney for the Third District, serving six years. In 1880 he was elected Attorney-General of the State, serving four years. In 1898 he was elected to Congress for the Ninth District. In 1900 he was appointed by the President United States judge for the Southern Dis- trict of Iowa.
ALFRED H. McVEY was bora in Fayette County, Ohio, and his edu- cation was obtained in the schools of that State. When the Civil War came he enlisted in the Seventy-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry and served until mustered out. He then entered the Ohio Wealevan Universitv and was graduated in 1808. Later he graduated from the LaAV Department
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OF IOWA 179
of the Cincinnati College and began to practice. Moving to Toledo, ^Ir. McVey became general counsel for the Toledo, Cincinnati & St. Louia Railway. In 1883 he removed to Des Moines, Iowa, where he engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1901 he was appointed by Governor Shaw judge of the District Court, and at the following general election Judge McVey was chosen for a full term.
CYRUS H. MACKEY was a native of Illinois where he was born in 1837. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and at the beginning of the Civil War was engaged in the practice of law at Sigourney in Keokuk County, Iowa. Upon the organization of the Thirty-third Iowa Infantry, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, in August, 1862. He commanded the regiment at the Battle of Helena where he was wounded. After the death of Colonel Samuel A. Rice he succeeded to the command of the regi- ment and was commissioned colonel. In 1883 he was the Democratic candi- date for Congress in the Sixth District but was not elected.
GEORGE F. MAGOON, first president of Iowa College, was bom at Bath, Maine, March 29, 1821. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1841 and studied theology at Andover and Yale Seminaries. He came west and was principal of an academy at Plattsville, Wisconsin, and later was pastor of churches in Galena, Illinois, and Davenport and Lyons, Iowa. In Davenport he was pastor of the college church, was chosen a trustee, holding that office during the removal of the college to Grinnell. In 1862 he was chosen president of Iowa College, although he did not leave his church at Lyons until 1865. He remained president for twenty years, retiring in 1884, though he continued to teach mental and moral philosophy. During his administration Dr. Magoon aided materially in securing a larger endowment fund for the college! He was an ardent advo- cate of prohibition of the liquor traffic and wielded his pen with great effect in the cause. He was editor of the Iowa News Letter and the Con- gregational Quarterly, and a contributor to many educational journals. He died January 15, 1896, at his home in Grinnell.
JOHN MAHIN was bom on the 8th of December, 1833, at Noblesville, Indiana. He learned the printer's trade in the office of the Bloomington (now Muscatine) Herald in 1847. In 1851 the name of the Herald was changed to the Muscatine Journal and in July, 1852, Mr. Mahin became its editor, a position which he has held for nearly fifty years. In 1856 the daily edition was established; it was first a Whig and later a Republi- can paper and one of the firm, unflinching advocates of temperance. In 1872 Mr. Mahin was elected on the Republican ticket one of the Repre- sentatives in the Legislature. He served many years as postmaster of Muscatine and was for a time Inspector of the Post-Offiee Department. In
180 mSTOBT
1888 he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Railroad Commissioner but was defeated by a few votes for a candidate who was more acceptable to the- railroad companies of the State. Mr. Mahin was one of i the most fearless and uncompromising foes of saloons and in his warfare upon the liquor traffic had incurred the enmity of the liquor league. Chi the night of May 10, 1893, his residence was destroyed by dynamite placed under it by conspirators in the interest of the saloons of the city. Two other residences belonging to persons who had been active in trying to enforce the prohibitory law were destroyed. Threats had been repeatedly made against the men who were active in prosecuting the vio- lators of the law and on the night of the destruction of the homes they were occupied by the families consisting of eighteen persons, mostly women and children. While the homes were wrecked, the inmates fortunately escaped the horrible fate intended for them. Arrests were made and one of the wretches, Matt Woods, was proved to have been the person who threw one of the bombs. He was sent to the penitentiary for ten years. He refused to divulge the names of the other conspirators and they escaped punishment. Mr. Mahin's loss was about $6,000 but it did not silence his war upon the saloon lawbreakers.
DENNIS A. MAHONEY was bom in Ross County, Ireland, January 20. 1821. When he was nine years old his parents came to America, locating in Philadelphia where the son was educated. In 1843 he came to Dubuque, Iowa, and for five years was engaged in teaching. He was a frequent contributor to the journals of Dubuque and studying law was admitted to the bar. He removed to Jadcson County where, in 1848, he was elected to the General Assembly. After his term expired he became editor of the Dubuque Miners^ Empress. A few years later he was one of a firm which established the Duhuque Berald, of which he became editor. He took a deep interest in the public schools and was a member of the first board of education of Dubuque. In 1858 he was again a member of the (General Assembly. He remained editor of the Herald until 1862 and ranked with the ablest political writers of the State. Mr. Mahoney was a radical opponent of the war for suppression of the Rebellion and^his writings on that subject aroused a storm of indignation among Union men which threatened personal violence. On the night of the 14th of August, 1862, he was arrested by H. M. Hoxie, United States Marshal, and taken to Washington where he was incarcerated in the old Capital prison. While in prison he iras nominated by the Democrats of the Third Iowa Dis- trict for Representative in Congress, and although defeated by William B. Allison carried Dubuque County by a majority of 1,457. He was released without trial after about three months' imprisonment and returned to Dubuque but the Herald had been sold during his absence. The following year he was elected sheriff, holding the office four years. In 1869 he be-
OF IOWA 181
came editor of the 8t, Louis Daily Times, In 1871 he returned to Du- buque and took editorial charge of the Daily Telegraph, a position he held to the time of his death. After his release from prison Mr. Mahoney wrote and published a book entitled " Prisoner of State," in which he told the story of his arrest and experience in the old Capital prison. Ho died at Dubuque, November 5, 1879.
SMITH H. MALLORY was born in Yates County, New York, Decem- ber 2, 1835. At an early day he secured a position with the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad as engineer. Later he was chief engineer on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. In 1867 he located at Chariton, in Lucas County, Iowa, and became actively interested in the upbuilding of the town. He was president of the First National Bank, and had long been one of the leaders of the Democratic party of Iowa. In 1877 he was elected Representative in the House of the Seventeenth General Assembly. He served as a director of the State Ac^icultural Society and was presi- dent of the Iowa Board of Managers of the Centennial Exposition at Chicago in 1893. He was also chairman of the executive conmiittee of the commission devoting his entire time for more than a year to the Ex- position management. He died at his home March 26, 1903.
ORLANDO H. MANNING was born at Abington, Indiana, on the 18th of May, 1847. His parents removed to Iowa when he was but six years old, locating at Adel in Dallas County in 1853. He graduated at Western College, taught at Jefferson in 1865 and soon after began the study of law with Head & Russell. He was admitted to the bar in 1868 and took up his residence at Carroll where he was elected county treasurer. In 1870 he took charge of the Carroll Herald as editor and retained the position until elected to the Legislature as the Representative from the district composed of the counties of Carroll, Calhoun, Greene and Sac in the fall of 1875. He was reelected in 1877, serving two terms, the last session as chairman of the committee on railroads. At the Republican State Convention of 1881 Mr. Manning was nominated for Lieutenant- €k)vernor and elected on the ticket with Governor Sherman. He was reelected in 1883 and served until October 12, 1885, when he resigned and removed to Council Bluffs where he resumed the practice of law. While making a speech in a Republican convention he used this expression: ** Iowa, the State that has a schoolhouse on every hill and no saloon in the valley." This remark caught the attention of the people and was used as the keynote to the campaign. It is hardly necessary to remark that this was before the party had abandoned prohibition. Mr. Manning removed from the State many years ago.
JACQUES MARQUETTE is a name that should ever be honored in Iowa history and should be as familiar to all the people of the State as
182 HISTORY
that of any of her eminent and honored citizens. Although he never made his home in Iowa, it was he who planned and led the expedition which first explored the upper Mississippi River and it was he who dis- covered Iowa and explored its eastern shores. Jacques Marquette was born at Laon, France, in 1637. His ancestors were Celtic nobles. He was educated in Catholic schools of France and when seventeen years of age entered the Jesuit Society to prepare to become a missionary among the Indians of America. He sailed for Quebec in 1666 and acquired a knowledge of the language of the Indian tribes of that province. In 1668 he founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary. The following year he established a second mission at Point St. Ignatius, where the old town of Michillimackinac was founded some years later. It was from the Indians of this vicinity that he first heard reports of a great river in the far west which drained a region of vast natural meadows. He at once conceived the idea of exploring that unknown country /and carrying his missionary labors among the Indians who inhabited its valley. He applied to his superior, Claude Dablon, for permission to " seek the new nations toward the southern sea." The officers of the Government were anxious to have the country explored and gave him authority, with Louis Joliet, to fit out an expedition of discovery and fur- nished them five assistants and equipments for the voyage. The story of their journey and discoveries is told elsewhere. Upon their return from the expedition which had been successful beyond the most sanguine eaq>ectation8 of the French Government, Marquette established a mission among the Illinois Indians at Le Vantam. In 1674 he sailed to the mouth of the river where Chicago stands, erected a log house and during the winter preached to more than 2,000 Indians in that region. Constant traveling among the swamps and exposure to the miasma of that country had undermined his health and in May, 1675, he started with two com- panions for the Mission of St. Ignace. As his devoted followers paddled the canoe through the waters of Lake Michigan, Marquette became so weak that he was obliged to lie on a rude bed in the bottom of the boat. On the 19th of May he beckoned his companions to land. He was unable to proceed farther; a cabin was hastily erected and a bed of pine boughs made upon which he was tenderly placed. He began to sink rapidly and realized that the end of life was near. In the gloom and solitude of the great wilderness, remote from civilization and medical aid, he calmly awaited the summons. His comrades cared for him with the greatest de- votion, doing all in human power for his relief. But his life work was ended and in the wilds of the west where he had accomplished so much, the great spirit of the heroic young missionary and explorer took its de- parture. Thus perished the discoverer of Iowa at the early age of thirty- eight. Beneath the dark shadows of the pines on the lonely shore of Lake Michigan his companions inclosed his body in a rude coffin of birch bark
OF IOWA 183
and buried him beneath the sand, carefully marking the grave. Two years later some of his Indian friends sought his grave, disinterred his body and tenderly conveyed it to St. Ignace Mission where it was buried beneath the church which he had founded. More than two hundred years passed away and the name of the discoverer of Iowa had become historic and honored wherever his achievements were known. In 1877 the old grave was found and a monument erected to his memory on the site of the old church of St. Ignace, by descendants of his French and Indian com- panions. History will hand down to the latest generations the brief record preserved of one of the noblest of America's pioneers. Breese in the " Early History of Illinois," says:
" For years did this devoted man, silent and unobserved in the gloomy forest amid untamed savages, forsaking home and kindred, fired by a lofty zeal — exert his energies to exalt the condition of abject and degraded humanity. In the accomplishment of his mission, a domain more than imperial, destined to nourish multitudes as countless as those of the plains of India, was opened to the world.''
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Michigan has given the name of Marquette to a river, a county, and a city, while Iowa has done nothing to connect his memory with the State whose eastern shores he first explored.
WILLIAM B. MARTIN was born March 17, 1846, at Rochester, Ver- mont. He was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools and the Orange County Granunar School. At eighteen he began teaching, which he continued for three years. In 1867 he went west locating on a farm in Henry County, Illinois, where he taught school winters. In 1869 he removed to Adair County, Iowa, where on the wild prairie he improved a farm. He was elected auditor of the county in 1873 and after serving four years entered into the real estate business in Greenfield, and in 1890 was mayor of the town. In 1893 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the House of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly and as a member of the committee on the suppression of intemperance he devised the Mulct Law, which so changed the prohibition acts as to permit the legal voters in towns and cities to determine whether saloons should be established within their jurisdiction. Mr. Martin was reelected to the Twenty-sixth General Assembly where, as chairman of the building and loan committee he framed and secured the passage of an act regulating the business of such organizations. In 1899 Mr. Martin was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Secretary of State and elected by the largest majority ever given in Iowa to a candidate for a State office. He was elected for a second term in 1902.
CHARLES MASON was born in Onondaga County, New York, October 24, 1804. He was appointed a cadet in the West Point Military Academy
184 HISTORY
where he graduated at the head of his claas in 1829. Among his claaa- mates were Jefferson Davis, Robert £. Lee and Leonidas Polk, afterwards leaders in the great Rebellion. Mr. Mason remained at West Point two years as an instructor in the Academy, then resigned and studied law in New York City where he began to practice his profession. He was for a time employed on the editorial staff of the "New York Evening Post. In 1837 he located at Burlington, then in Wisconsin Territory, where he had been appointed United States District Attorney. Upon the creation of Iowa Territory the following year, Mr. Mason was appointed by the Presi- dent Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, a position which he held until Iowa became a State. The most important decision made during his term was one sustaining the right to freedom of a slave who had been brought by his master to the free Territory of Iowa. When the controversy arose between Iowa and Missouri over the boundary and was carried into the Supreme Court of the United States, Judge Mason was appointed by Gov- ernor Hempstead to represent Iowa in the suit, where a decree was obtained in favor of Iowa. He was one of the commissioners to revise the laws of the State in 1848 and the result of the work was the Code of 1851. In 1853 Judge Mason was appointed by President Pierce Commissioner of Patents, and removed to Washington. In August, 1857, he resigned and returned to Iowa and in 1858 was elected a member of the first State Board of Education. In 1861 he was nominated for Governor by the Demo- cratic State Convention but declined. In 1867 he was again nominated for Governor by the Democrats and was defeated in the election by Samuel Merrill the Republican candidate. In 1868 and again in 1872 he was a delegate to the National Democratic Conventions and in 1873 he made a voyage to Europe. He died on his farm near Burlington, February 25, 1882, at the age of seventy-eight. Judge Wright said of him: '' As a man he was as much respected and esteemed as any of the early jurists and public men of our Territory and State."
EDWARD R. MASON was born December 8, 1846, at Franklinville, Cattaraugus County, New York, and at eleven years of age came with his parents to Bentonsport, Iowa. His boyhood years were spent in Van Buren County. He took a course of medicine at the Keokuk Medical College and practiced a short time. In 1864 he enlisted in Company K, in the Forty- fifth Regiment of " hundred days men," serving until the close of the war as corporal. In politics Mr. Mason is a Republican and in 1869 he was appointed deputy clerk of the United States District and Circuit Courts. Five years later he was promoted to clerk of these courts, serving until 1900, when he resigned as clerk of the District Court retaining the clerk- ship of the Circuit Court. He has long held the positions of Master of Chancery and Commissioner in the Circuit Court. His home has been in Des Moines since 1869.
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WILLIAM E. MASON, lawyer and lawmaker, lived in Iowa from the age of eight years until 1873. He was born in Cattaraugus County, New York, July 7, 1850. His parents removed to Iowa in 1858, settling at Bentonsport in Van Buren County where his father died in 1865. William was thus at the age of fifteen left to make his own way in the world. He received sufficient education to enable him to teach school and, coming to Des Moines in 1868, he followed teaching for two years. He then began the study of law in the office of Thomas F. Withrow. When Mr. Withrow was called to Chicago as solicitor for the Rock Island Railroad Company, young Mason accompanied him to that city and there completed his law studies. He entered upon the practice of his profession and before he was thirty was elected to the Illinois Legislature. Here began his suc- cessful public career which has given him a national reputation. In 1882 he was elected to the State Senate where he became one of the leading mem- bers. He was an eloquent public speaker and a popular member. In 1888 he was elected to Congress from the Third Chicago District and in that body won distinction. His sympathies were always with the common people and on all subjects of legislation affecting their welfare he was one of their most reliable friends. In 1897 he was elected United States Sena- tor and soon attained high rank in that body.
SYLVESTER G. MATSON was born in Middlesex, Vermont, March 5, 1808. His boyhood was spent on a New England farm where he secured a liberal education and became a teacher. He graduated in the Medical Department of the State University and became a practicing physi- cian. In 1845 he removed to Iowa Territory, locating near Anamosa. In 1846 he was elected a member of the convention which framed the Con- stitution under which Iowa became a State. He was the same year chosen a member of the House of the First (general Assembly and helped to frame the first laws for the government of the new State. He was chairman of the committee on schools and reported the bill which provided for a State University. Mr. Matson was influential in framing the first school laws and was chosen a trustee of the State University. As a legis- lator he left the impress of his early work upon the permanent laws of the State. He was a Democrat up to the time of the organization of the Republican party when he united with it in opposition to slavery. He died on the 5th of February, 1898.
CHARLES L. MATTHIES was born in Bromberg, Prussia, on the 31st of May, 1824. When sixteen years of age he was sent to the University of Halle where he received a thorough military education. At the age of twenty he entered the Prussian army and in 1847 served against the Poles in a revolution. In 1849 he emigrated to America and coming to Iowa located at Burlington where he became a merchant. When the
186 HISTORY
Bebellion began he was the first man in Iowa and the United States, to tender a military company to the National Government. He was captain of Company D, of the First Iowa Volunteers. In July, 1861, he was pro- moted to lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Infantry and upon the death of Colonel Worthington was promoted to the command of that regiment. At the Battle of luka his regiment was in the thickest of the fight and lost two hundred seventeen men. In April, 1863, Colonel Matthies was pro- moted to Brigadier-General for his gallant services in several battles.
SARA B. MAXWELL was bom in Columbiana County, Ohio, Febru- ary 12, 1837. She acquired her education by private instruction, in the public schools and in the academies of Bryan and West Unity, Ohio. After leaving school, for five years, from 1853 to 1858, she was engaged in teach- ing. In the latter year she was married to William Maxwell, and in 1863 they removed to Panora, Iowa. After the death of Mr. Maxwell in 1877, Mrs. Maxwell was appointed by Governor Gear in 1878, State Librarian, serving until 1888. During this time the Library was catalogued for the first time. She inaugurated the collection and preservation of Iowa news- paper files, and a systematic effort was begun for the collection in the library of all books and pamphlets by Iowa authors, or relating to the State. After her retirement from the library Mrs. Maxwell was a cata- loguer and organizer of libraries and delivered lectures on library work. She was the author of the first History of Guthrie County. In 1892 she was employed by the Iowa Commissioners to make a collection of books and pamphlets by Iowa authors for exhibition at the World's Fair at Chicago, and of this exhibition she was in charge. In 1897 Mrs. Maxwell was elected librarian of the Meadville, Pennsylvania, Unitarian Theologi- cal School, a position she has continued to fill up to the present time.
PETER MELENDY was born on the 9th of February, 1823, and at- tended private schools in his boyhood, later taking a three years' course in Woodward College, Ohio, where his father then lived. He purchased a farm near Cincinnati and in 1855 helped to organize the " Iowa Fine Stock Company." Vliis company selected a tract of 10,000 acres of Govern- ment land in Butler County, Iowa, near Bear Grove where a farm was opened for the breeding of fine stock. Mr. Melendy also bought a farm near Cedar Falls consisting of 1,080 acres which he stocked with fine cattle. In 1860 Mr. Melendy with others established a large grain and implement warehouse at Cedar Falls. In 1862 he was appointed by Governor Kirk- wood to select the 240,000 acres of public lands granted by Congress for the support of the State Agricultural College. There were nearly 6,000,000 of acres of Government lands in Iowa at that time to choose from and Mr. Melendy made excellent selections which eventually produced a munificent endowment fund for the new college. In 1864 he was chosen superintendent
MBS. SARA B. MAXWELL
OF IOWA 187
of the college farm and secretary of the board of trustees. In 1865 he was appointed by President Lincoln, United States Marshal for Iowa. In 187 1 he was reappointed for four years by President Grant. He was instru- mental in 1865 in securing the location of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Cedar Falls and was one of ten citizens to purchase forty acres of land on which the home was located. In 1864 he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention which renominated President Lincoln and was one of the committee sent to Washington to notify the President of his nom- ination. Mr. Melendy was for five years president of the State Agi-icul- tural Society and also served as vice-president, marshal and treasurer. He was chairman of the Republican State Central Committee in the Grant campaign of 1868 and was a delegate to the Chicago National Republican Convention which nominated Grant and Colfax. He was a member of the board of trustees of the State Agricultural College for fourteen years and one of the most influential promoters of that institution. In 1866 he was a member of the committee to visit and examine into the working and plans of the various Agricultural Colleges of the country, report a plan for organization, and select suitable persons for president and members of the faculty. In 1879 Mr. Melendy was appointed agent for the Quarter- master's Department of the United States to adjust claims arising out of the war and served in Tennessee until 1886. After his return to Cedar Falls his old neighbors insisted on making him mayor of the city which had been his home for nearly half a century. He died- on the 18th of October, 1901.
NATHANIEL A. MERRILL was born in Copenhagen, Lewis County, New York, in 1829. He was reared on a farm, attending the conmion schools winters and assisting in the work of the farm during summers. He taught several terms and then studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1855 and the following spring removed to Iowa, locating at De Witt, then the county-seat of Clinton. He soon acquired a good practice but when the Civil War began he raised a company and entered the ser- vice as captain of Company D, Twenty-sixth Regiment of Infantry. He was severely wounded at the Battle of Arkansas Post. Mr. Merrill was mayor of De Witt two years, was a Democratic member of the House of the Fourteenth, Twentieth and Twenty-sixth General Assemblies and a member of the Senate of the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eigh- teenth General Assemblies. He took a prominent part in the revision of the Code of 1873. Mr. Merrill was a commissioner of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home and president of the First National Bank of De Witt for several years. He died at his home in De Witt on the 31st of December, 1896.
SAMUEL MBRIULL, seventh Governor of the State, was bom in Oxford County in the State of Maine on the 7th of August, 1822. He
188 mSTOEY
receiyed a liberal education and when a young man taught school several terms in the south and in his native State. He removed to New Hamp- shire where he was elected to the Legislature in 1854, serving two ses- sions. In 1856 he came to Iowa, locating at McGregor, where he opened a general stoi:e. In 1859 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the House of the Eighth General Assembly. When the war began in 1861, Mr. Merrill took the contract to furnish three Iowa regiments with cloth- ing before the Government could supply them with uniforms. In 1862 he was commissioned colonel of the Twenty-first Iowa Infantry. He was severely wounded at the Battle of Black River Bridge and was so dis- abled that he resigned his commission. In 1867 he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Governor and elected, serving two terms. He removed to Des Moines and, after the close of his second term, engaged in the banking business. With others he established the Citizsens' National Bank. He was active in bringing about the great reunion of Iowa soldiers at Des Moines in the summer of 1870. Governor Merrill was for many years an influential trustee of Iowa College at Grinnell. He acquired great wealth in banking and railroad building and finally removed to California. The last years of his life were spent in Pasadena, where he died on the 31st of August, 1899. His funeral was held at Dea Moines and was attended by many of the public officials and prominent men of the State.
WILLIAM H. MERRITT was born in New York City, September 12, 1820. He received his education at Lima Seminary. In 1838 he went to Rock Island where he obtained a clerkship. He was sent to Ivanho in linn County in 1839 to take charge of an Indian trading house. In 1841 he was a clerk in the Council of the Legislative Assembly at Bur- lington. In 1847 he removed to Dubuque and for two years was editor of the Miners' Ewpresa. He made the overland journey to California and returning in 1851 again became editor of the Miners' Express, having pur- chased an interest in the establishment. In 1855 he was appointed Regis- ter of the United States Land Office at Fort Dodge and after selling about 2,000,000 acres of public land, he engaged in banking at Cedar Rapids. When the Civil War began he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the First Regiment of Iowa Volunteers and participated in the Battle of Wilson's Creek, having served three months when the regiment was mustered out. In July, 1861, he was nominated by the Democratic State Convention for Governor but was defeated by Samuel J. Kirkwood. In 1863 he removed to Des Moines and took editorial charge of The States- mauy a leading Democratic newspaper. In 1866 he was appointed by Presi- dent Johnson Collector of Internal Revenue but his nomination was re- jected by the Senate. Colonel Merritt died on the 23d of July, 1891.
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JOHN F. MERRY was born in Summit County, Ohio, March 24, 1844. He came to Iowa with hia parents in an emigrant wagon in 1856, his father locating on a farm in Delaware County. The son secured an education in the public schools and became a teacher. In 1880 he entered the service of the Illinois Central Railway Company as excursion agent, making himself so useful that he was soon promoted to general western passenger agent, and finally to assistant general passenger agent of the entire system. Captain Merry served in the Civil War, as a private first in the Twenty-first Infantry. He afterwards recruited and was elected a lieutenant in Company F, of the Forty-sixth Regiment. He was on the staff of General Fairchild in the Grand Army of the Republic, and was the originator of the law converting the battle-field of Vicksburg into a National Park. Captain Merry was a member of the Iowa Trans-Mis- sissippi and International Exposition Conunission. He has given special attention to the agricultural and commercial development of the country traversed by the Illinois Central Railroad system and has published sev- eral works of interest among which are " Where to Locate New Factories," " The Southern Homeseekers' Guide." and the ** Industrial Outlook for New Orleans." Captain Merry has held the following important positions: assistant general passenger agent of the Illinois Central Railway Com- pany, secretary and assistant treasurer of the Dunlieth k Dubuque Bridge Company, secretary and treasurer of the Iowa Land k Loan Company, se<}- retary and assistant treasurer of the Dubuque &> Sioux City Railroad Com- pany, and secretary and assistant treasurer of the Fort Dodge k Omaha Railrokd Company. He is a prominent Republican, serving as delegate to the Republican National Convention at St. Louis in 1896.
STILLMAN T. MESERVEY was bom at De Witt, Illinois, Decem- ber 17, 1848, and was educated in the public schools and at Clinton Liberal Institute, New York. His father removed to Homer, then in Webster County, in 1854, and after the removal of the county-seat from that place made his home in Fort Dodge, where Stillman grew up to manhood. He was an active Republican and in 1885 was elected Representative in the House of the Twenty- first General Assembly and in 1902 he was again a member of the Twenty-ninth Assembly. He was one of the three Fort Dodge men who were the pioneers in developing the great gypsum deposits in that vicinity and became one of the directors of the Iowa Plaster As- sociation. He has long been president of the First National Bank of Fort Dodge and of the Fort Dodge Power k Light Company, having also other large financial interests.
GEORGE METZGAR was born in Germany, April 19, 1845. His father, who was engaged in the Revolution of 1848-9 became an exile, coming with his family to the United States in 1850. The son received his education in the common schools and in 1862 enlisted in the One
190 mSTOET
Hundred Twenty-fifth New York Volunteers. He served in General Hancock's Second Corps and participated in most of the battles fought by the Army of the Potomac, receiving a severe wound at Gettysburg. He came to Iowa in 1869, making his home in Davenport. He became an active and influential Republican and has held the highest positions in the Grand Army of the Republic. In 1894 Mr. Metzgar was appointed by the Governor custodian of publie buildings of the State, serving four years. In 1898 he was appointed postmaster of Davenport by President McKinley.
JOHN MEYER was bom in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, February 26, 1824. He was a graduate of Oberlin College and for two years was an instructor in the institution. In April, 1857, he located at Newton, Iowa, which became his permanent home. In August, 1862, he was commis- sioned captain in Company K, Twenty-eighth Iowa Volunteers, serving three years in the Union Army, attaining the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He was engaged in the battles of Champion's Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. Mr. Meyer had served in the House of Representatives of the Ninth General Assembly, both in the reg- ular and extra sessions, and after the close of the war in the fall of 1865 was elected to the Senate, serving in the Eleventh and Twelfth General Assemblies. In 1877 he was again elected to the Senate, serving through the Seventeenth and Eighteenth General Assemblies. For many years he was a trustee of Iowa College at Grinnell. He died on the 14th of May, 1902.
J. FRED MEYERS was bom in Oettingen, Bavaria, Germany, in 1833. His parents came to America when he was fourteen years of age and located at Adrian, Michigan, where he learned the printing business. He was a radical abolitionist in the days of slavery and became the editor of The Independent, published at Columbus, Indiana. In 1857 he was as- sociated with S. M. Booth in the publication of The Free Democrat at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1861 he was appointed Chief of the Printing Division of the Treasury Department at Washington under Secretary S. P. Chase, serving until 1874. He was for several years editor and publisher of The Civil Service Journal at Washington and was chief editor of The Republic, a political magazine under the direction of the National Republican committee. He was twice sent by the Treasury Department to Germany to investigate emigration. During his life in Washington he graduated from the Columbian University Law School. In 1874 he re- moved to Iowa, locating in Crawford County, where he purchased and published the Denison Review. He was postmaster from 1877 to 1886. In 1889 he was appointed by President Harrison, chief clerk in the office of the Sixth Auditor of the Treasury Department. In 1891 the Bureau of Labor sent him to Germany to report on the Industrial School system
7
;l f miller
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of that country. Mr. Meyers was a strong writer in the field of Iowa journalism. He died at Denison, Iowa, May 1, 1898.
LEWIS MILES was bom in Marion County, Ohio, June 30, 1845, and came with his parents to Wayne County, Iowa, in 1853. He worked on a farm until nineteen years of age when he began to study law. He was admitted to the bar in 1868 and began to practice in Corydon in 1872. In October, 1869, when but twenty-four years of age he was elected a mem- ber of the House in the Thirteenth General Assembly. In 1879 he was the Republican candidate for State Senator, and although running ahead of his ticket he was defeated. In 1880 he was one of the presidential electors, and in 1883 was elected to the State Senate, serving in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Greneral Assemblies. He was appointed by President Harrison United States District Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa, serving four years. When the Republican party again came into power, he was appointed by McKinley to his old place.
DANIEL F. MILLER was bom in Allegheny County, Maryland, Octo- ber 14, 1814. He studied law in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he prac- ticed until 1839 when he removed to Iowa Territory, locating at Fort Madison. He was elected a member of the Third Legislative Assembly in 1840. In 1848 he was the Whig candidate for Representative in Congress in the First District. His Democratic opponent was Colonel William Thompson, who was declared by the canvassers elected. The decision was contested in the House by Miller and the seat was declared vacant. At a special election to fill the vacancy Miller was elected and served the remainder of the term. Mr. Miller was one of the founders of the Re- publican party and was placed at the head of the ticket for presidential elector. For the first time in the history of the State its vote was cast against the Democratic candidate for President. In 1860 Mr. Miller was an independent candidate for Judge of the Supreme Court but waa de- feated by Judge Wright the Republican candidate. In 1893 Daniel F. Miller was again elected to the General Assembly, fifty- three years after, his first term of service in that body. He had practiced law for fifty-four years in Iowa and was known as the " Nestor ** of the Iowa bar. He died, at Omaha, Nebraska, December 9, 1895, at the age of eighty-one. Coming to Iowa the year after it was made a Territory he was for fifty-five years closely identified with its political and industrial affairs and one of its most widely known lawmakers and pioneers.
SAli^IUEL F. MILLER was born at Richmond, Kentucky, on the 5th of April, 1816. He was educated in the common schools and village academy and when eighteen years of age began the study of medicine. He attended medical lectures at Transylvania University, received a diploma and began practice at Barbersville in 1838, where he remained
192 mSTOBY
eight years. In 1846 he read law with Judge Ballinger, was admitted to the bar, and decided to change his profession to the practice of law. From a boy he was a fearless advocate of onandpation of the slaves, but realizing that it could not be accomplished he determined to make his home in a free State. He therefore removed to Iowa in May, 1860, locat- ing at Keokuk, where he entered upon the practice of law. He had been a Whig in politics but when the Bepublican party was organized united with it. Mr. Miller was a member of the law firm of Rankin & Miller and in a few years became one of the leading lawyers in the State. When the United States Supreme Ck>urt was reorganized in 1801 such was his fame that the Ck)ngressmen and bar of Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota and Wis- consin united in recommending Samuel F. Miller for one of the new Justices. President Lincoln, who was personally acquainted with the Iowa jurist, and recognized his high qualifications for the place, in July, 1802, sent his nomination to the Senate where it was inmiediately confirmed. During his long term of service on the highest judicial tribunal of the Nation, it became his duty to join in the adjudication of some of the most important and far-reaching problems that have ever arisen under our Government. The vital issues involved in the Civil War, the amend- ments to the Constitution and the whole plan of reconstruction came be- fore that court for final settlement. During the period so fraught with peril to the Republic the opinions of Judge Miller show the mental caliber of the great jurist who is regarded as the peer of Marshall and Story. A high authority has said:
" Some other judges had greater learning but none possessed more legal wisdom. After delivering judgments whose influence will outlive the granite walls of the court room and after deciding cases that involved millions of money, he died poor in gold, but rich in fame. Morally his great characteristic was simplicity; mentally it was logically a rugged vigor of reasoning."
In religion he was a Unitarian and for many years was president of the American Unitarian Association. He died at Washington on the 13th of October, 1890, after serving twenty-eight years in the Supreme Court. Funeral services were held in the Supreme Court room in the presence of the highest officials of the Government. Iowa has never given a greater man to the public service.
WILLIAM £. MILLER was born near Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania, October 18, 1823. He was reared on a farm, attending the district school winters. In 1846 he began to study law and in 1862 removed to Iowa, taking up his residence at Iowa City where he engaged in newspaper business. In 1863 he was admitted to the bar and began practice. In 1864 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney. In 1867 he was the Re- publican candidate for Representative in the Legislature but was de-
OF IOWA 193
feated. The following year he was elected judge of the Eighth District for four years. In 1862 he resigned to accept a commission cA colonel of the Twenty-eighth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. After a year's service his health failed and he resigned, returning to the practice of law. In 1864 he be- gan to prepare a Treatise on Pleadings which was published in 1868. In the same year he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court. In 1870 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court to fill a vacancy. At the follow- ing election he was chosen for a full term of six years and in 1874 be- came Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. In 1871 he succeeded Judge Wright as Professor of Constitutional and Criminal Law in the State University. In 1873 he compiled a Revision of the Laws of Iowa and also a work on Highways. He was engaged on another legal work at the time of his death which occurred November 7, 1896.
JAMES C. MILLIMAN was born in Saratoga County, New York, January 28, 1847, and was educated in the State University, earning his way from the time he was ten years old. In 1856 he came to Iowa, locat- ing at Missouri Valley. He served eight years as recorder of Harrison County and was one of the founders of the Harrison County Bank in 1876. For many years he was engaged in the abstract, loan and real estate business. He served in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion until disabled in battle by severe wounds in 1864. In 1893-4 he was the Senior Vice-Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic for the De- partment of Iowa. In 1894 he was a Representative in the Twenty-fifth General Assembly. In 1897 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor on the Republican ticket with L. M. Shaw and in 1899 was reelected, serving four years. He was a member of the Commission of Iowa for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.
FREDERICK D. MILLS, who rendered a great service to Iowa when a young man, has left no record of his youth and place of nativity. We only learn that he graduated at Yale College in 1840 and came to Iowa in 1841, locating at Burlington where he became the law partner of J. C. Hall. He was a brilliant public speaker and in 1845 rendered a volun- tary service to Iowa which has immortalized his name. Although a Democrat, he opposed the efforts of his party to secure the adoption of the Constitution of 1844, under which the entire Missouri slope would have been cut off from the State as defined in the enabling act of Congress. Uniting his efforts with Theodore S. Parvin and Enoch W. Eastman, he canvassed the Territory, urging the electors to vote against the adoption of the Constitution which would do away with the symmetrical propor- tions of the State. The Whigs were opposed to the Constitution for various other reasons, while the Democrats were urging its adoption as a party measure. The three young lawyers, all Democrats, who opposed its adoption solely on the ground of obnoxious boundary on the west
[Vol. 4]
196 HISTOBY
He then worked ten years on a farm, taught school and finally published a paper named the Spirit of the West, at Columbus. In 1853 he removed to Davis County, Iowa, and two years later was elected coimty judge. He enlisted as a private in Company G, Second Iowa Volunteers in 1861, and was soon promoted to second lieutenant and in November became captain of his company. He was in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the latter was so severely wounded that it became necessary for him to resign. In 1863 he was commissioned captain of the " Bloomfield Blues " and in 1864 became aid-de-camp to Governor Stone with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He served as lieutenant-colonel in the Forty-fifth Iowa Volunteers (one hundred days' service) in 1864. Colonel Moore had served in the Indiana Legislature before coming to Iowa, and in 1863 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate of Iowa, serv- ing in the Tenth and Eleventh General Assemblies. He was one of the superintendents of the eleventh State census. In 1901 he was elected rep- resentative in the Twenty-ninth General Assembly; he has long been one of the prominent members of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association and has delivered many addresses before that body.
WELCOME MOWRY was bom in Putnam County, Hlinois, April 3, 1842, and was educated in the common schools and Dover Academy. In 1861 he enlisted in Company D, Seventh Kansas Cavalry, and participated in the battles of Corinth, Cotfeyville, Tupelo, luka, Coldwater, Holly Springs, Oxford and Jackson. Mr. Mowry with four companions was sent to reconnoiter the position of the army of General Price at Abbyville and running into the camp guard, fell back in the darkness. The enemy alarmed at the encounter and ignorant of the size of the forces near at hand, hastily evacuated the town. This is probably the only instance on record where five men stampeded an army. One of Mr. Mowry's com- manders has said of him:
"He was frequently on duty as scout in hazardous expeditions where his imflinching bravery, quick intelligence and sound judgment were sig- nally displayed. He was an ideal soldier."
Mr. Mowry was mustered out in September, 1864, but soon rciSnlisted in the One Hundred Fifty-first Illinois Infantry, serving until Febru- ary, 1866, and as sergeant was in command of General Judea's head- quarter guards. In 1867 he removed to Iowa, locating on a farm in Tama County, which became his permanent home where he has held many official positions. In 1883 he was elected Representative in the House of the Twentieth General Assembly, taking an active part in the business of the session. In 1896 he was one of the Republican presidential electors, and in 1898 he was elected Railroad Commissioner.
{
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CHABLES W. AfULLAN U the son of Charles MuIIan, who was one of the first settlers at Waterloo, Black Hawk Ck>unty, Iowa. The son was born in Wayne County, Illinois, December 31, 1845, and has spent practically all his life in Iowa. His education was acquired in the public schools and at the Upper Iowa University. He read law with a private tutor, was admitted to the bar in 1870, and entered upon the practice of his profession in Waterloo. He served as city solicitor and later as county attorney for several years. In 1897 he was elected on the Republican ticket State Senator from the district composed of the counties of Black Hawk and Gnmdy, serving in the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Gen- eral Assemblies. He resigned before the expiration of his term to accept the office of Attorney-General to which he was elected in 1900. At the expiration of his first term in that position he was reelected.
SAMUEL MUBDOCK was bom near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, March 13, 1817. After obtaining a common school education he taught several years, then studied law. In 1841 he came to Iowa, locating at Iowa City, where he opened a law office. In 1842 he removed to Clayton County, mak- ing his home near Jacksonville (now Garnavillo). In 1846 he was elected to the Territorial Legislature, serving two terms. In 1866 he was elected judge of the Tenth District which included ten counties of northeastern Iowa. In several of these counties he held the first courts, riding on horseback from one county-seat to another. Judge Murdock was a Demo- crat but upon the organization of the Bepublican party became a mem- ber as he was strongly opposed to the extension of slavery into the Terri- tories. In 1869 he was elected to the House of the Thirteenth General Assembly. In 1870 he was appointed by the Governor to fill Iowa's De- partment of Anthropology at the Centennial Exposition. He gathered and there exhibited some of the most interesting specimens of prehistoric man ever found on the continent. Judge Murdock had for many years been investigating the work of the "Mound Builders" and delivering lectures upon the prehistoric races of America. His last public service was at the Semi-Centennial gathering at Burlington in October, 1896, where he was the principal speaker on " Pioneers' Day." He was the first lawyer in Clayton County, the first judge of the Tenth District and one of the few survivors of the Territorial lawmakers. He died on the 27th of January, 1897.
JEREMIAH H. MURPHET was bom in Lowell, Massachusetts, Feb- ruary 19, 1836, was educated in the schools of Boston and after removing to Iowa, graduated at the State University. He read law in Davenport, was admitted to the bar and at once entered upon practice. He was an active Democrat and in 1873 was elected mayor of Davenport. In 1874 he was elected to the State Senate, serving four years. In 1879 he was
198 , HISTORY
again chosen mayor. In 1882 he was elected to represent the Second Dis- trict in Congress and was a member of the committees on rivers and har- bors and on railroads and canals. On the latter committee he worked faithfully to secure an appropriation for the Hennepin canal. Mr. Murphey was reelected in 1884, serving four years. He died in Wash- ington on the 11th of December, 1803.
JOHN 8. MURPHY was bom in Schuylkill Ck>unty, Pennsylvania, in 1847, and acquired his education in the public schools and the printing office. While young he came with his parents to Iowa, locating at Ana- mosa. He became an apprentice in the office of the Dubuque Herald in 1860, and after acquiring a knowledge of the art of printing, secured a position with the Olohe'Demoorat establishment at St. Louis, doing edito- rial work for several years, but finally returning to Dubuque. In 1879 he became editor of the Dubuque Daily Telegraph. He developed fine edito- rial ability, making the Telegraph one of the most prominent advocates of "free silver" in the Mississippi valley. Mr. Murphy became an acknowl- edged leader of the Bryan wing of the Democratic party in the middle west and was one of the ablest supporters of the Nebraska orator for President in 1896. "He was an evangelist of labor, gauging every move- ment by what he believed to be for labor's weal or detriment." In October, 1901, the Dubuque Herald, one of the oldest and ablest Democratic jour- nals in Iowa, was consolidated with the Telegraph under the editorial management of Mr. Murphy. His industry was unsurpassed and he died at his desk in the midst of his labors on the 10th of February, 1902.
JOHN A. NASH, minister and educator, was bom in Chenango County, New York, July 11, 1816. He was reared on a farm in Otsego County, and at the age of twenty entered the preparatory department of Madison University graduating from the Theological Seminary in 1844. His first pastorate was Watertown, N. Y. Coming to Iowa in 1851 he located at Des Moines which was henceforth his home. He immediately organized a Baptist church and was its pastor for eighteen years, teaching at the same time. In 1853 he opened a select school which soon grew into Forest Home Seminary. It was resolved to establish a Baptist institution at the Capital and in 1865 the University of Des Moines was the result. In August, 1872, Mr. Nash became acting president and soon after presi- dent, which position he held until 1883. Dr. Nash accomplished a great religious as well as educational work, founding two Baptist churches in Des Moines and nearly thirty others throughout central Iowa. He was an untiring worker in the temperance reform, canvassing the central por- tion of the State for the prohibitory liquor law. The degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by the University of Chicago in 1877. He died at his home in Des Moines in 1890.
OF IOWA • 199
JOHN R. NEEDHAM was born on the 18th of December, 1824, in Washington, Ohio. He received a good education} studied law and was admitted to the bar at Cambridge, Ohio. In 1849 he came to Iowa, tak- ing up his residence in Mahaska County, where he first engaged in teach- ing. On the 2d of July, 1860, Mr. Needham and Mr. McNeeley issued the first newspaper ever published in that coimty under the name of the latoa Herald. The name was afterwards changed to the Oakalooaa Herald. In 1852 Mr. Needham was nominated by the Whigs for State Senator and elected, serving four years as one of the most influential members of that body. In 1867 he was nominated by the Republicans for member of the convention to frame a new Constitution but declined the position. In 1861 he was elected on the Republican ticket Lieutenant-Governor of the State and was an able and popular President of the Senate. In 1867 he was again elected to the State Senate for four years but died on the 9th of July, 1868. He was a life-long member of the Methodist Episcopal church.
C. C. NESTLERODE, pioneer educator, was born in Center County, Pennsylvania, March 27, 1824, where his early education was acquired. He taught school several years in Ohio, and while visiting at Galena, Illinois, in December, 1854, learned that a meeting of the State Teachers' Associa- tion of Iowa was soon to be held at Iowa City. He walked the entire distance to be present at that gathering of the teachers of Iowa, and was so deeply interested in the enthusiasm of the pioneer teachers of the new State that he resolved to remain in Iowa. In 1856 he was chosen principal of the Union School of Tipton in Cedar County, the first school of the kind established in the State. He was an enthusiastic advocate of the free school system and in connection with George B. Dennison of Musca- tine succeeded in inducing the Iowa Legislature to abolish the rate bills and provide by tax for the support of the public schools. Mr. Nestlerode held one of the first teachers' institutes at Tipton, in 1856; and served as president of the State Teachers' Association in 1857-8 and again in 1862. In 1858 he was chosen by the State Association, Institute lecturer for the State and public school worker, representing the Association before the State Board of Education. During that year of educational labor, Mr. Nestlerode held twelve institutes, attended the sessions of the State Board of Education for twenty days, traveled 3,700 miles, much of the way on foot, and delivered seven hundred twelve free school talks. He died at Fostoria, Ohio, December 29, 1900.
JOSHUA Q. NEWBOLD, ninth Governor of Iowa, was bom in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, on the 12th of May, 1830. He was reared on a farm, attended the public schools and a few terms at an academy. He taught school several winters, assisting his father on the farm during
200 HISTORY
the Bummer. When nineteen he began the study of medicine but never became a practicing physician. In 1854 he came to Iowa and engaged in farming in Henry County. When the Civil War began Mr. Newbold raised a company which was attached to the Twenty-fifth Volunteer In- fantry and he was commissioned captain. He served three years, a por- tion of the time as Judge Advocate at Woodville, Alabama. He par- ticipated in the battles of Arkansas Post, Lookout Mountain and Sher- man's Atlanta campaign. After his return to Henry County, Captain Newbold was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the House of the Thirteenth General Assembly and was twice reelected, serving six years. At the Republican State Convention which nominated ELirkwood for a third term as Governor, Captain Newbold was nominated for Lieu- tenant-Governor and elected. Upon the resignation of Kirkwood to accept the position of United States Senator, Newbold became Governor on the first of February, 1877. He made a ^ood executive but was defeated for the nomination for a full term in the Republican State Convention by John H. Gear.
JOHN W. NOBLE was bom at Lancaster, Ohio, October 26, 1831. He attended the common schools of Cincinnati, afterwards taking a course at Miami University and Yale College. He studied law with Henry Stansbery, afterwards Attorney-General of the United States, was admit- ted to the bar in 1866 and removed to St. Louis, where he entered upon the practice of law. In 1856 he removed to Iowa, locating at Keokuk, where he entered into partnership with Ralph P. Lowe, afterwards Governor of the State. Here he meet at the bar in legal conflicts Samuel F. Miller, George W. McCrary and John F. Dillon, who attained the highest rank in the profession. When the Civil War began, Mr. Noble was one of the first to take up arms for the Union, taking part in the Battle of Athens on the Iowa border. He enlisted in the Third Iowa Cavalry and was soon appointed adjutant of the regiment. Mr. Noble rose steadily in rank from lieutenant to colonel, and was brevetted Brigadier-General for dis- tinguished services in the field. He participated in the Battle of Pea Ridge, the siege of Vicksburg and the second Battle of Jackson. Colonel Noble served as Judge Advocate of the Army of the Southwest, and as Judge Advocate of the Department of Missouri. Returning to Keokuk at the close of the war he found his practice taken by others and removed to St. Louis where he was appointed United States District Attorney. He was offered the office of Solicitor-General by President Grant but pre- ferred to continue in practice at St. Louis where he attained high rank in his profession, winning some of the most important cases in that sec- tion of the country. In 1889 he was appointed Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Harrison. In this important department of the Government, General Noble won new honors by the ability he brought to the public service. He is entitled to the credit of having reserved great
MR3. ADA NORTH
OF IOWA 201
bodies of forest lands in the far west embracing the source of many streams which furnish water for irrigation of arid lands.
REUBEN NOBLE was born on the 14th of April, 1821, in Adams County, Mississippi, where his father was a planter. The father was opposed to human slavery and in 1833 removed to Illinois to rear his family in a free State. When the son was eighteen years of age he b^gan to study law and was admitted to the bar at twenty-one. In 1843 he came to Iowa, making his home at Grarnavillo, in Clayton County. In 1854 he was elected as a free soil Whig to the Legislature and upon the or- ganization of the House was chosen Speaker, serving in the regular and extra sessions of 1854-5-6. At the first Republican State Convention of 1856 Reuben Noble was placed at the head of the ticket for presidential elector. Four years later he was a delegate to the National Convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln for President. Up to the time of the attempt of the Republicans to remove President Johnson by impeachment, Mr. Noble had been a prominent leader of that party. But approving of the policy of the President he left the Republicans and from that time became a Democrat. In 1866 he was nominated by the Democrats for Representative in Congress, but was defeated by William B. Allison. In 1870 he was the Democratic candidate for Judge of the Supreme Court but was defeated by Judge Day. In 1874 he was elected judge of the District Court and in 1878 was reelected. In 1879 he was again the Democratic candidate for Supreme Judge, but was again defeated. In 1886 he was one of the organizers of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association and was its first president, never missing a session during the remainder of his life. Judge Noble was the leader of the bar of northeastern Iowa from 1850 to the time of his death which occurred August 8, 1896.
ADA E. NORTH was the daughter of Rev. Milo N. Miles, a Congre- gational minister, long and favorably known at Iowa City and Des Moines. In the fall of 1865 she was married to Major Oeorge J. North, GJovernor Stone's military secretary, during the latter part of the Civil War. In 1870 Major North died and his widow was left with two chil- dren to support. She procured temporary clerical work towards the close of the session of the Legislature and was one of the first women employed as a clerk in the State House. After serving a year as a clerk in various offices at the Capitol, a vacancy occurred in the office of State Librarian, by the death of John C. Merrill and Governor Merrill appointed Mrs. North to that position. She was one of the first women to hold a State office in the United States and many eyes anxiously watched her adminis- tration, to see whether a woman would prove competent for the position. Up to that time but little attention had been given to building up a creditable State Library. The appropriations had been small and the library was in its infancy. Mrs. North prosecuted the work of her new
202 HISTORY
poeition with aeal and enthuaiaBm, realiang that a woman was on trial for competency in the administration of the duties of a State office. She soon secured the attention and earnest coSperation of the Governor, Judge Cole and General Ed. Wright who was then Secretary of State. A bill was carefully prepared, at her suggestion, revising the laws relating to the State Library, which was passed by the Fourteenth General Assembly. This act provided for a board of trustees, consisting of the Governor, Sec- retary of State, Superintendent of Public Instruction and the Judges of the Supreme Court. Librarian was made a State officer, with a salary of $1,200 a year. Mrs. North planned the upbuilding of a library worthy of the State. She was retained in office by reappointments for nearly eight years, systematizing, enlarging and laying the foundation for a great library. In all of her valuable work she had the earnest cooperation of the trustees and with their help did a work that will live as a substantial monument to the ability and efficiency of the first woman who held a State office in Iowa, if not in the United States. After retiring from her poeition, in 1879, she was appointed librarian of the State University at Iowa City where she served with marked ability for thirteen years. She died at her home in Des Moines, on the 9th of January, 1899.
HARDIN NOWLIN, one of the earliest of the pioneers of Iowa, *waa bom October 12, 1804. He took up his residence in Dubuque in 1833 be- fore the " Black Hawk Purchase " was incorporated into Michigan Terri- tory. In 1836, when it was a part of Wisconsin Territory, and there were but two organized counties west of the Mississippi River, Mr. Nowlin was chosen one of the Representatives from Dubuque County to the Legisla- tive Assembly which met at Belmont in October of that year. When the Territory of Iowa was created in 1838, Mr. Nowlin was again elected to its First Legislative Assembly which convened in Burlington in Novem- ber. He thus participated in the framing and enactment of the first laws extended over Iowa citizens. He died at Waterloo in 1892.
CHARLES C. NOURSE was bom at Sharpsburg, Maryland, April 1, 1829. He received a liberal education and when quite young began the study of law. He graduated from the Law Department of the Transyl- vania University of Kentucky in 1850 and the following year removed to Iowa, making his home at Keosauqua. In 1852 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney and in 1854 chief clerk of the House of the Fifth General As- sembly at Iowa City. In 1856 he was Secretary of the Senate. He was a delegate to the State Convention of that year which organized the Repub- lican party of Iowa and served as one of the secretaries. In 1860 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago which nom- inated Abraham Lincoln. At the State Convention the same year he was nominated for Attorney-General of Iowa and elected, serving four years.
HENRY O'CONNOR
OF IOWA 203
In 1865 Mr. Nourse was appointed Judge ux Lhj Fifth District. In 1876 he was selected by the Governor to deliver c,i address for Iowa at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. It was a masterly oration showing the wonderful progress and development of the new State, and 20,000 copies were published for general circulation. Judge Nourse has long ranked among the ablest lawyers of the State and has been one of the most prominent leaders of temperance and yrcaibition.
MAURICE D. O'CONNELL has, for more than thirty years, been one of the foremost lawyers in northern Iowa. He was bom in Franklin County, New York, on the 23d of April, 1830. His education was acquired at the public schools and Franklin Academy, Malone. For several years he taught school in the counties of Franklin, St. Lawrence and Clinton. He entered upon the study of law in the office of George E. Clark of Plattsburg and took the law course in Columbian University at Washing- ten, D. C, graduating in the class of 1866. He received the appointment of chief of a division in the department of the Comptroller of the Currency, serving two years. In September, 1869, he went west, locating at Fort Dodge, Iowa, then a village of a few hundred inhabitants. He was young, full of courage and enthusiasm and from the start won his way to a good practice. He was an active Republican in those exciting years of recon- struction and one of the most eloquent public speakers in northwest Iowa. In 1871 he was nominated by the Republicans for a seat in the Legisla- ture; the county was very close politically and John F. Duncombe was the Democratic candidate. He was one of the earliest settlers of Fort Dodge, knew every voter in the district personally, was an able man and lawyer and received enough Republican votes to give him a small majority. In 187 i Mr. O'Connell was chosen District Attorney for the Eleventh Judicial District, serving four years. In 1881 he was appointed United States District Attorney for Iowa, holding the position until Cleveland became President, when he resigned. After the election of President Harrison, Mr. O'Connell was again appointed to his former position. On the 6th of July, 1807, he received the appointment by President McKinley of Solici- tor of the Treasury Department of the United States.. Twenty-eight years before, the unknown young lawyer left the Capital, having little besides his profession to rely upon; now he returned at the call of the President to assume one of the most responsible places in the Treasury Department, in the direct line of the profession to which he had closely adhered through all of the intervening years.
HENRY O'CONNOR was born in the City of Dublin, Ireland, July 26, 1820. When old enough to leave home he was sent to Tullow where he received private instruction from the monks who kept a free school. He finally emigrated to America, going to Cincinnati, where he began the
204 mSTOEY
study of law when about twenty-six years of age and took six months' instruction in a law school, working at his trade to support himself. In 1849 he was admitted to the bar and came to Iowa, locating at Musca- tine, where he opened a law office. He united with the free soil move- ment in 1854, supporting James W. Grimes for Governor. In 1856 he was a delegate to the State Convention which organized the Republican party in Iowa and made a speech on the evening of the ratification meeting which for impassioned eloquence has seldom been equalled. It placed him in the front rank of Republican orators. In 1857 Mr. O'Connor wan chosen District Attorney in the Seventh District. When the War of the Rebellion began in 1861, Mr. O'Connor enlisted as a private in the First Iowa Regiment and fought bravely until his term of service expired. In 1862 he was commissioned major of the Thirty-fifth Regiment. In 1867 he was elected Attorney-General of Iowa, serving by reflections until 1872. While holding this position, a young woman was elected to the office of superintendent of schools in Mitchell County. Her eligibility to the office was questioned and submitted to the Attorney-General. He decided that a woman was eligible to hold office — ^the first decision in the United States upon that subject. In 1872 Mr. O'Connor was appointed by President Grant Solicitor of the Department of State and served in that important position under four secretaries — ^Hamilton Fish, Wm. M. Evarts, F. T. Frelinghuysen and James G. Blaine, a period of nearly fourteen years. In 1872 he was warmly supported for Governor before the Republican State Convention but the nomination went to C. C. Carpenter. Major O'Connor died at the Soldiers' Home, November 6, 1900.
ADDISON OLIVER was bom in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1834, and received a classical education, graduating at Washington College in 1850. He taught two years in Arkansas, returning to Pennsyl- vania and studied law, was admitted to the bar and removed to Iowa in 1857, taking up his residence at Onawa, in Monona County, where he be- gan practice. Mr. Oliver was elected to the House of the Tenth General Assembly in 1863 to represent the district composed of the counties of Carroll, Crawford, Monona and Sac. He became a prominent member and at the close of his term was elected to the Senate for the Forty- fifth District composed of fifteen counties in the northwestern part of the State and served four years. He was then chosen circuit judge and twice reelected. In 1874 he was elected to Congress from the Sixth District, serving four years. Mr. Oliver became one of the most extensive farmers in western Iowa after retiring from public life.
JACKSON ORR was bom in Fayette County, Ohio, September 21, 1832. He was reared on a farm and by his own labor earned the means to pay his way in the University. After attending the public schools in
OF IOWA 205
boyhood, he attended the University of Indiana. In 1857 he came to Iowa, locating in Greene County. He studied law and was admitted to the bar. At the beginning of the War of the Rebellion he raised a company of which he was chosen captain. This company was incorporated into the Tenth Regiment of Iowa Volunteer Infantry. Captain Orr was a gallant soldier and rendered distinguished service at the battles of New Madrid, Island No. 10, Corinth, luka, second Battle of Corinth and in the Vicks- burg campaign. He was strongly recommended for colonel of the Thirty- ninth Regiment but lacking the help of influential friends at headquar- ters, was not promoted to the position which he had nobly earned. After the close of the war he removed to Boone and engaged in mercantile busi- ness. In the fall of 1867 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the Legislature. In 1870 he was nominated in the Sixth District for Con- gress and was elected by a majority of more than 11,000. He secured the passage of a bill through the House of Representatives granting indemnity to the River Land Settlers for the loss of their homes but the bill failed in the Senate. He was reelected at the close of his first term, serving four years. Captain Orr removed to Colorado where he held several im- portant public positions.
HERBERT OSBORNE was born at La Fayette, Walworth County, Wis- consin, on the 19th of March, 1856. In June, 1863, the family removed to Fairfax, Iowa, where Herbert attended the district school. He entered the State Agricultural College and graduated; then taught in the country schools from 1875 to 1878. In 1879 he was appointed assistant Professor of Zoology and Entomology at the Agricultural College and was soon promoted to a full professorship and retained the position until 1898. He was the entomologist during this period for the Experimental Station and attained high rank among the entomologists of the nation. Pro- fessor Osborne was a frequent contributor to the scientific journals of the country and was the special agent of the Division of Entomology in the Department of Agriculture at Washington. He prepared numerous bulle- tins on injurious insects for the Department — one on the Hessian fiy and others on insects affecting domestic animals — all of which were published in the Department Reports. While Professor at Ames, Mr. Osborne was given leave of absence for a year to accept an appointment to a table in the Biological Station at Naples. He assisted in drafting the bill which became a law providing for a State Entomologist in Iowa and organized the work in that department. He was one of the organizers and always an active member of the Iowa Academy of Sciences and its secretary and treasurer from 1891 to 1898 when he received the appointment of Professor of Entomology in the State University of Ohio and greatly to the regret of the people of Iowa, accepted the position and removed from the State to which he had for many years given valuable service. Long before leaving Iowa Professor Osborne had won a national reputation in the line of
206 . HISTORY
his work and was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, and a member of the Biological Society of Washington, D. C.
STEPHEN B. PACKARD, Ex-Governor of Louisiana, was bom at Auburn, in the State of Maine, April 25, 1839. His education was ac- quired in the village schools and Westbrook Academy. At the age of twenty he began the study of law, having previously taught schooL He left the law office in 1861 to join the Twelfth Maine Volunteers as first lieutenant and was promoted to captain of Company B. The regiment was
^ assigned to General B. F. Butler's Division, participating in the Louisiana campaign and the captures of New Orleans and Port Hudson. In 1864 Captain Packard served as Judge- Advocate in New Orleans, later joining his regiment which was with Sherman's army. After the close of the war Captain Packard settled in New Orleans, engaged in the practice of law and in 1867 was elected delegate to the Constitutional Convention and was made chairman of the Board of Registration consisting of seven men who were charged with the duty of administering the civil affairs of the State from the adjournment in April until the inauguration of the State Govern- ment in July, 1868. He was appointed United States Marshal for Louisi- ana in 1869 by President Grant. As delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1876 he supported Blaine after it was seen to be impossible to nominate General Grant. In November he was elected Governor of Louisiana and inaugurated in January, 1877, but by the manipulation of the election returns and in the settlement of the Tilden and Hayes
* contest he was compelled to abdicate in April. A committee appointed by the Hayes faction obtained a quorum of members in the so-called Nichols Legislature by breaking up a quorum in the regular State Legis- lature which supported Governor Packard. This was a part of the ar- rangement which made Hayes President. In 1878 Governor Packard was appointed Consul to Liverpool, serving until 1885. Coming to Iowa he purchased a large farm near Marshalltown which he made his permanent home. In 1893 he was a member of the Iowa Commission which had diarge of the State exhibit at the World's Exposition. He was also on the Iowa Commission at the Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha; and was one of the vice-presidents for Iowa at the Pan-American Exposition, and in the same year was elected a member of the State Board of Agriculture.
DAVID J. PALMER, soldier and legislator, was bom in Washington County, Pennsylvania, November 16, 1839, coming with his parents to Iowa in 1856 and locating in Washington County. Mr. Palmer completed his education at the United Presbyterian College of Washington, Iowa, and engaged in teaching in the public schools. In 1861 he enlisted in Company C, Eighth Iowa Volunteers and during? his service was three times severely wounded. After being discharged for disability, Mr. Palmer again
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entered the service a^ captain of Company A, Twenty-fifth Iowa Infantry, and in 1863 was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, assault and siege of Vicksburg, Jackson and Canton, was in the campaign from Memphis to Chattanooga and Sherman's march to the sea, the capture of Savannah and the campaign through the Carolinas. Colonel Palmer has been an ac- tive Republican and was one of the presidential electors in 1884. In 1801 he was elected to the State Senate from the district composed of Henry and Washington counties, in the Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth and Twenty- sixth General Assemblies. In 1898 he was elected Railroad Commissioner and at the close of his first term was reelected.
FRANCIS W. PALMER was bom at Manchester, Indiana, on the 11th of October, 1827. His father removed to Jamestown, New York, where the son attended the public schools until fourteen years of age when he went to New York City where he learned the printer's trade. Return- ing to Jamestown he was for ten years engaged in publishing the James- town Journal, He was elected to the New York Legislature on the Whig ticket in 1853, serving two terms. In 1858 he removed to Iowa, locating at Dubuque where he purchased an interest in the Dubuque Times and be- came its chief editor. In 1860 he was elected State Printer and removing to Des Moines purchased the State Register, He held the office of State Printer eight years, resigning on the 1st of March, 1869, to enter upon his duties as Representative in Congress to which position he had been chosen on the Republican ticket the previous fall. Mr. Palmer served two terms in Congress, retiring on the 4th of March, 1873. During the time he was editor and publish^ of the State Register it was the leading Republican daily in the State, attained a wide circulation, and possessed a powerful influence in the councils of the Republican party, as well as in the general affairs of the entire State. After the expiration of his term in Congress he removed to Chicago and assumed the editorial management of the Inter Ocean and some years later was appointed postmaster of that dty, serving three terms. For some years he was chief editor of the Chicago Herald, When President Harrison was elected Mr. Palmer was appointed Public Printer at Washington, serving until Cleveland became President. Upon the election of McKinley, Mr. Palmer was restored to the position and was holding that important office at the eloee of the century.
JONATHAN W. PARKER was one of the pioneer lawmakers of Iowa Territory. He was bom in Clarendon, Vermont, on the 10th of August, 1810. After acquiring the usual education he began the study of law in Pennsylvania and came with his father's family to Davenport in 1836. He was admitted to the bar at the first term of court held in Scott
208 HISTORY
County and immediately began practice. In 1838, upon the organization of the Territory of Iowa, he was elected to represent Scott and Clinton coun- ties in the Council of the First Legislative Assembly and was ret^lected, serving in the Second, Third and Fourth Territorial Legislatures. He attained high rank as a legislator and was President of the Council during the session of 1841-2. In 1841 he was mayor of Davenport. In 1852, while on a visit to Cincinnati, he died of cholera at the early age of forty- one.
LEONARD F. PARKER was bom August 3, 1825, in Arcade, New York. His education was obtained in the common schools, at Arcade Academy and in Oberlin College, Ohio. He began teaching in Ohio in 1841 and followed that profession in the States of New York, Ohio, Penn- sylvania and Iowa up to the year 1899. Professor Parker was a member of the faculty of Iowa College from 1869 to 1870, when he was called to the chair of Greek in the State University, and afterwards to that of History. He was lieutenant of Company B, Forty-sixth Iowa Volunteers in the Civil War in the " hundred days* service " and every college boy of Grinnell accompanied him into the service. At the time of the draft riots in Poweshiek County, when two deputy marshals were assassinated, Lieutenant Parker was placed in command of a company of militia and ordered to arrest the outlaws. He was active in organizing Union Leagues during the war. In 1868-70 he was a member of the House of the General Assembly, serving as chairman of the committee on schools. In 1888 Professor Parker resumed his work in Iowa College as Professor of History, serving imtil 1899 when he retired as Professor Emeritus. He has delivered many public lectures on educational subjects and is the author of a volume on " Higher Education in Iowa," which was pub- lished by the National Bureau of Education. His article correcting a mis- representation in General Grant's famous Des Moines speech had a circu- lation throughout the entire country in newspapers and magazines.
JAMES C. PARROTT was bom in Easton, Maryland, May 21, 1811. His father was an officer in the War of 1812 but the son was trained for the mercantile business. In February, 1834, he enlisted in the First United States Dragoons which was largely composed of young men from wealthy and aristocratic families of the eastern States. The regiment was sent to Fort Gibson in Indian Territory. Its colonel was Henry Dodge and its adjutant Jeflferson Davis. Young Parrott was a sergeant in Com- pany I, whose captain was Jesse B. Browne. The organization of the regi- ment was completed in the summer of 1834. George Catlin, the famous painter of Indian portraits and writer on Indian life, was with the regi- ment on its Indian campaign. Three companies under the command of Colonel S. W. Kearny were stationed at old Camp Des Moines the present site of Montrose. The captain of Company B, was E. V. Sumner, after-
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wards a famous Major-General of the Aiinj of the Potomac Captain Nathan Boone of Company H, was a son of Daniel Boone of Kentucky. Parrott was with the expedition sent through northern Iowa in 1836 to settle Indian troubles. Elsewhere some account of this expedition is giren. Sergeant Parrott was discharged from service in 1837 and took up his residence at Fort Madison. He was intimately acquainted with Black Hawk, the famous Sac diief, and an admirer of that g^eat Indian leader. When the Rebellion began Mr. Parrott raised a company which was incorporated with the Seventh Infantry as Company E with him as captain. In the Battle of Belmont he was dangerously wounded. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the regiment commanding it in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth, and commanded a brigade in the campaigns of the Army of the Tennessee, under Grant, Sherman and Smith and participated in the battles on Sherman's march to the sea. Colonel Parrott was promoted to the rank of brevet Brigadier-General at the close of the war. He served ten years as postmaster of Keokuk which had long been his home and where he died on the 17th of May, 1898.
MATT PARROTT was bom in Schoharie County, New York, in 1837 and, after securing an education, learned the printer's trade. In 1850 he went to Chicago where he obtained a position on one of the daily papers. From there he went to Davenport, Iowa, continuing in the trade of printer. He at one time became the owner of an interest in the AnO' mosa Eureka. In 1869 he went to Waterloo and, in company with J. J. Smart, purchased the Waterloo Reporter and printing establishment. In 1879 he secured the office of State Binder which he held for three terms. He was elected to the State Senate in 1885 and served two terms. In 1895 he was elected Lieutenant-Grovernor and reelected in 1897. He was twice a candidate before Republican State Conventions for Governor but was defeated. Mr. Parrott, with his sons, converted the Reporter into a daily paper of which they became the sole owners. He was at one time Presi- dent of the State Press Association, and was a life-long Republican. He died at Battle Creek, Michigan, on the 21st of April, 1900.
JOHN A. PARVIN was bom at Fairfield, New Jersey, November 10, 1807. He was reared on a farm and after acquiring an education taught for several years. In April, 1839, he removed to Iowa, locating at Bloomington. He served four years as clerk of the District Court and in 1850 was elected to the House of the Third General Assembly. Mr. Parvin seciu'ed the passage of a bill changing the name of Bloomington to Muscatine. He was an active supporter of the act passed to prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquors to be drunk on the premises. In 1854 Mr. Parvin was elected mayor of Muscatine. In 1856 he was a delegate to the con-
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yentioii which organised the Republican party of Iowa. In 1857 he was a member of the convention which framed the Constitution of the State and was an active and influential worker in that notable body. In 1863 he was elected tp the State Senate where he served six years. He was one of the authors of the bill providing for the establishment of the State Reform and Industrial School and was a trustee and President of the Board for sixteen years. Mr. Parvin was the first superintendent of the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home. He died on the 16th of March, 1887.
THEODORE S. PARVIN is a name that has been prominently identified with Iowa history since the first year of the existence of the Territory. He was born on the 15th of January, 1817, in Cumberland County, New Jersey. In 1833 he graduated at Woodworth College, Ohio, and b^an the study of law, graduating at the Cincinnati Law School in 1837. In 1838 Robert Lucas, who had been appointed Governor of the new Territory of Iowa, selected Mr. Parvin for his private secretary. Ho accompanied the Governor to Burlington where he was appointed to take charge of the Territorial library. In 1839 Mr. Parvin was appointed Dis- trict Attorney of the middle District and removed to Bloomington. He served three terms as probate judge. In 1844 he rendered Iowa an enduring service by cooperating with Enoch W. Eastman and Frederick D. Mills in defeating the Constitution which proposed to deprive the State of the counties of the Missouri slope. Upon the organization of the United States District Court in 1846 Mr. Parvin was appointed clerk, a position he held ten years. In 1857 he was nominated for Register of the State Land Office by the Democrats and, notwithstanding the Republican major- ity of more than 2,000 in the election for Grovernor the same year, Mr. Parvin was elected. He was one of the first trustees of the State Uni- versity and was for ten years professor of natural science in that institu- tion. He was one of the organizers of the State Historical Society and served several years as its secretary and as editor of the Annals of loioa, an historical magazine published by the society. Mr. Parvin made large contributions to the library, newspaper files and general collections of that Society, and for more than thirty years was one of the most valued writers of historical and biographical articles for the Annals of Iowa and the Historical Record. Having been one of the first officials of the Terri- tory and long associated with its public affairs, personally acquainted with prominent men of all parties for more than sixty years, Mr. Parvin was long regarded the highest authority on Iowa history and biography. He was one of the founders of the Masonic Order of Iowa and has been Grand Master and Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of the State many years. In his capacity as secretary he collected at their building at Cedar Rapids the most extensive Masonic library in the world. He also collected and donated to the library a more complete collection of Iowa books and rare documents than is possessed by any other library. Mr. Parvin's con-
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tributions of early Iowa newspapers, legislative journals and session law9, long out of print and other rare publications to the State and Historical libraries have been continuous and exceedingly valuable. He was one of the most valued members of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association and his historical contributions to that organization have been of great value. His writings and addresses on historical subjects relating to Iowa for half a century would fill several volumes. No citizen of Iowa has done so much to collect and preserve its early records and history as Theodore S. Parvin. He died at his home at Cedar Rapids, June 28, 1901.
WILLIAM PATTERSON was bora in Wythe County, Virginia, March 9, 1802, and when four years of age his father removed into the forest of Adair County, Kentucky. With no schools in the vicinity the son had little chance to acquire an education. In 1836 he took up his residence at West Point in Lee County, two years before the organization of low^ Territory. In 1838 he was elected a member of the First Legislative As- sembly and reelected repeatedly, serving in the Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Eighth Territorial Legislatures; four terms in the House and two in the Council. He was appointed by Governor Lucas colonel of a regiment raised to defend the territory in the Missouri boundary war and was one of the commissioners chosen by the Legislature to secure a peace- able settlement of that controversy. He removed to Keokuk in an early day where he served as postmaster and mayor of the city. In 1867 he was a member of the convention which framed the present Constitution of the State. In 1864 he was one of the Vice-Presidents of the National Demo- cratic Convention which nominated General McClellan for President. Colo- nel Patterson was for more than fifty years a citizen of Lee County. As a pioneer lawmaker he served in six legislatures and one Constitu- tional Convention. He was a Democrat and although not a public speaker, had great infiuence in the councils of his party, as he also had as a legislator. He died on the 23d of October, 1889.
EMLEN G. PENROSE was born at Chesterfield, Ohio, August 22, 1844, and was educated in the district schools of his native State. He came to Iowa in 1860 where he worked on a farm and taught school. He at- tended the State University several terms and in 1868 located at Tama City where he engaged in the mercantile business. He was for several years a resident of Grand Junction where he carried on the hardware, agricultural implement and grain trade. In 1872 he returned to Tama City and opened a hardware store, and has been member of the city council and mayor of the city. In 1893 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate from the district consisting of the counties of Benton and Tama, where he served in the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, Twenty- seventh and Twenty-eighth General Assemblies, and was chairman of the
212 HISTORY
oommittee on railroads. In 1900 he was a delegate to the Republican National Gonrention at Philadelphia.
CHARLES E. PERKINS is a native of andnnati, Ohio, where he was bom Norember 24, 1840. Receiving his early education in his native dty, at the age of sixteen he came to Burlington, Iowa, and in 1859 secured a clerkship in the office of the Burlington ft Missouri Railroad Company. He was soon promoted to paymaster, holding that position until 1860 when he became assistant treasurer of the company. In 1865 he became superintendent and during the construction of the road to the Missouri River, he also served as vice-president. He continued to act as director of the Nebraska and Iowa division and as vice-president of the former company until the consolidation with the Chicago, Burlington ft Quincy. In 1875 Mr. Perkins was chosen director of the Burlington road and the following year became vice-president, still retaining the vice- presidency and general management of the road west of the ^iissouri. In May he was elected president of the Burlington ft Missouri River in Iowa. The road in Nebraska being consolidated with the C. B. ft Q. in 1880, Mr. Perkins remained vice-president of the entire system until 1881 when he was chosen president. He has been reelected each term until he is now serving his twenty-second year in that capacity. Mr. Perkins is also a director and president of tne Hannibal ft St. Joseph, and the Elansas City, St Joseph ft Council Bluffs railroads.
GEORGE D. PERKINS was born at Holly, Orleans County, New York, February 29, 1840. His education was acquired in the common schools and printing office. In 1860 he came to Iowa locating at Cedar Falls, where with a brother he established the Cedar Falls Oaaettey which soon became one of the best weekly papers in the State. In 1866 he sold the Gazette and removed to Chicago, but returning to Iowa the brothers located at Sioux City where they established the Siouos City Journal. Under their management it soon acquired a wide circulation in north- western Iowa, eastern Nebraska and Dakota; and as soon as the com- munity demanded a daily, a morning edition was issued which kept pace with the development of that part of the country. Mr. Perkins was an active Republican, generally attending the State conventions of the party and often writing the platforms. He was a delegate from Iowa to the National Republican Conventions of 1876, 1880 and 1888. Under the administration of Governor Gear, he held the position of Commissioner of Immigration for Iowa. In 1873 he was elected to the State Senate, representing nine counties in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth General As- semblies. Under the administration of President Arthur, Mr. Perkins served as United States Marshal for the Northern District of Iowa. In 1890 he was elected Representative in Congress for the Eleventh District
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and was three times reelected, serving from 1891 to 1899. His most en- during work is in journalism where he has long ranked among the ablest writers in the northwest. The Daily Sioua City Journal under his direc- tion has for a quarter of a century been one of the most influential and ably conducted newspapers Iowa has ever had.
WILLIAM B. PERRIN was bom at Berlin, Vermont, January 19, 1839. His education began in the public school and was continued in Barre Academy and Dartmouth College. His studies were interrupted by en- listment in the First Rhode Island Cavalry, Company B, composed for the most part of college students. The company was attached to the Army of the Potomac and saw service in the Shenandoah Valley, the Antietam campaign and at Harper's Ferry. Mr. Perrin later enlisted in the Third Vermont Light Battery, was in the campaign from the Wilderness to Petersburg and at the surrender of the Confederate army under General Lee at Appomattox. After the war Mr. Perrin continued his studies at Dartmouth, graduating in 1860. He took a course of lectures at the Al- bany Law School in 1866-7, came to Iowa and entered the law office of Tracy and Newman at Burlington. In 1868 he located at Nashua, In Chickasaw County which beoame his permanent home. He is a veteran legislator, having served in the House of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth General Assembliea, and in the Senate of the Twentj-fifth, Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth General Assemblies.
THEODORE B. PERRY wae bom in CincinnAti, Ohio, AprU 1, 1832, and acquired his education in the common sdiools of that city. He came to Iowa in 1860, locating at Burlington. For several years he taught school in the counties of Wapello, Polk, Warren, Madison and Monroe. During these years he read law and was admitted to the bar at Albia in 1854. This became his permanent home where he has since followed his pro- fession. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Monroe County in 1854. In 1858 he was chosen a member of the State Board of Education, serving three terms, or during the entire period of its existence. Among his colleagues on the board, he was associated with Governor Ralph P. Lowe, Samuel J. Kirkwood, Nicholas J. Rusch, Oran Faville and John R. Need- ham. In 1891 he was elected to the State Senate from the district con- sisting of the counties of Monroe and Marion, serving in the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth General Assemblies. He was an influential member of the Senate and the author of some of the most important legislation during his term of service. Mr. Perry has been a life-long Democrat and one of the trusted leaders of his party in Iowa.
JOSIAH L. PICKARD, educator, was bom at Rowley, Massachusetts, March 17, 1824. His education was completed at Bowdoin College. His career as an educator began in 1849 when he taught in the Teachers' Insti-
214 mSTOKY
tute at Dubuque. From there he went to Plattsville, Wisconsin, where he was principal of an academy for many years. In 1859 he was elected Superintendent of Public Instruction for Wisconsin, serving six years. In 1864 he was chosen superintendent of schools in Chicago where he re- mained thirteen years, accomplishing much in the organization and unifi- cation of the system. In 1878 he was elected President of the Iowa State University, serving until 1887.
" In his educational work Dr. Pickard emphasized the acquisition of knowledge, not for its own sake, but for the sake of life and character. He led the young to seize upon ideals and to hold and cherish them."
In 1894 Bowdoin College conferred upon him the degree of LX.. D. Dr. Pickard was for some time president of the State Historical Society and contributed many valuable papers for the Historical Record and the An- nals of lotoa, in addition to those for educational works. In 1900 he re- moved to Portland, Maine.
CHARLES POMEROY was bom in Meriden, Connecticut, Sept«nber 3, 1826. He received a good education, studied law and began practice in his native town. In 1855 he came to Iowa and located at Boonesboro, in Boone County. The people of that frontier settlement were poor and peaceable and there was little business for lawyers. Mr. Pomeroy was an active Republican and being an eloquent public speaker soon became well known. In 1860 he was one of the presidential electors and when Lincoln became President, Mr. Pomeroy was appointed Receiver of the United States Land Office at Fort Dodge. In 1868 he was the Republican candidate for Congress in the old Sixth District and was elected. He served but one term, being defeated for renomination. He remained in Wash- ington, becoming a claim agent and died there February 11, 1890.
ASBURY B. PORTER was bom in the State of Kentucky, in the year 1808. He removed to Iowa, making his home at Mount Pleasant where he was engaged in the mercantile business when the Civil War began. He first entered the service as major of the First Iowa Infantry, serving with distinguished ability at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. In October. 1861, he was appointed colonel of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry and served until the 8th of March when he was dismissed from the service by order of the President. The cause of his dismissal is not given in the published re- ports of the Adjutant General's Office.
JOSEPH B. POWERS was bom in Worcester, New York, in 1837. He was educated in the common schools and at Mexico Seminary. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and in 1860 came to Iowa. He was city attorney for Cedar Falls, and in 1865 was elected to the State Senate on the Republican ticket, serving in the Eleventh and Twelfth General
OP IOWA 216
AaMmblifli, and as chaimum of the judiciary committee in the session of 1808. At the oloae of hia term in the Senate Mr. Powers was elected Dis- trict AttmiNy lor the Ninth Judicial District, serving bj reflections for ten jeara.
ALFRED N. POYNEER was born in Connecticut in 1831 where he waa reared on a farm and received his early education. In 1861 he re- mored to Iowa, locating on a farm in Tama County where the remainder of hia Ufe waa spent. He took an active interest in public affairs and waa a member of the Republican party. In 1881 he was elected to the State Senate from the district composed of the counties of Tama and Poweahiek. He terved in this position for eight years and was one of the influential members of that body. In 1880 lie was the Republican candidate for Lieutenant-Governor and wan elected, while his associate on tiie ticket lor Governor was defeated. After serving two years as Presi- dent of the Senate, Governor Poyneer was appointed one of the commis- aionera to revise the revenue laws of the State. He died at Montour. Anguat 28, 1897.
GILBERT B. PRAY was born at Michigan City, Indiana. April 27, 1847. Hia father located at Webster City, Iowa, in 1850, where the son re- ceived hia education in the public schools. He enlisted in the Sixteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry in 1864, participated in the Battle of Nashville and in General Sherman's campaigns. At the close of the war he entered the law oiBoe of Judge D. D. Chase, pursuing his studies three years and waa admitted to the bar in 1868, then entering upon the practice of his profeeaion. In 1882 he was elected Clerk of the Supreme Court, holding the position for twelve years by successive re-elections. He served many years on the Republican State Central Committee, and was twice chair- man, conducting important political campaigns successfully. In 1886 in aasodation with Ex-Governor Frank D. Jackson and Sidney A. Foster and other gentlemen, he a Agisted in organizing the Royal Mutual Union Life Insurance Company at Des Moines, of which he was chosen treasurer. In 1807 he was appointed by President McKinley Surveyor-General of Alaska, but declined. He was soon after appointed a special agent of the Indian Bureau and entered upon the duties of the ofTice.
HENRY O. PRATT was born in Foxcroft, Maine, February 11, 1838. He was educated at the academy of his native village and at Harvard, where he graduated in the Law Department. Mr. Pratt removed to Iowa in 1802, enlisted as a private in the Union army and served through tlie War of the Rebellion. He returned to Charles City where he entered upon the practice of law. In 1868 he was elected to the Iowa legislature on the Republican tirkct and n-rhutcd at the trUwe of )\U firnt term. He
216 HISTORY
won high reputation in the G^eneral AsBembly and in 1873 was nominated by the Republicans for Representative in Congress for the Fourth Dis- trict. He was elected, serving two terms. Soon after the expiration of his last session he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church and has attained eminence in that profession.
ISAAC M. PRESTON was bom in Bennington, Vermont, April 26, 1813. His father was a soldier in the War of the Revolution. The son came to Iowa in 1842, locating at Marion in linn County, where he began to practice law. In December, 1845, he was appointed District Attorney, serving two years. In February, 1846, he was commissioned colonel to organize troops for the Mexican War. He was probate judge of Linn County for four years. In 1847 he was appointed by President Polk United States District Attorney for Iowa. In 1850 he was elected to the House of the Third General Assembly and after serving one term was elected to the Senate, where for four years, in the Fourth and Fifth General As- semblies, he was a prominent legislator. He took an active part in the enactment of the Code of 1851 and the important legislation of those early sessions. Mr. Preston ranked high, both as a lawyer and lawmaker. He was one of the leaders of the Democratic party of the State.
HIRAM PRICE was bom in Washington County, Pennsylvania, Janu- ary 10, 1810. He worked on his father's farm in boyhood, attending school during the winter months. He was a great reader, borrowing books of neighbors and thus acquiring an education. In 1844 he removed to Iowa, locating in Davenport, where he op^ied a store. In 1847 he was chosen School Fund Commissioner and a year later was elected recorder and treasurer of Scott County, holding the position eight years. Mr. Price was a radical advocate of temperance and was one of the founders of the order of "The Sons of Temperance." He was one of the framers of the first bill for the prohibition of the liquor traffic in the State, which was enacted into law by the Fifth General Assembly in 1854. He was the editor of the Temperance Organ, a State paper devoted to prohibition. He had been a Democrat in politics up to the time of the attempt to force slavery into Kansas when he left that party and was one of the organ- izers and founders of the Republican party of Iowa. Upon the enact- ment of the State Bank Law, Mr. Price was one of the organizers of the Davenport branch and was the second president of the State Bank officers. When the War of the Rebellion began he assisted in raising the money to enable Governor Kirkwood to equip the first two Iowa regiments. He was the first paymaster of Iowa troops and was untiring in his support and assistance to the Governor in raising men and money to meet the calls of the President. In 1862 he was elected by the Republicans of the Second District to Congress and for six years was one of the ablest members of the
OF IOWA 217
House. He was an earnest advocate of the most energetic war measures and of legislation to strengthen the credit of the Government. Mr. Price was one of the founders of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home. In 1876 he was again elected to Congress and served until 1880. In 1881 Mr. Price was appointed by the President Clommissioner of Indian Affairs, in which posi- tion he served with distinguished ability for four years. He made many reforms where abuses had grown up in dealing with the Indians. He was one of the pioneers in railroad building in Iowa. In 1853, when the first railroad was being built from Chicago toward Iowa, Mr. Price was chosen to traverse the counties on the projected line through the State to the Missouri River to create an interest among the people and towns. In 1869 when a railroad was projected from Davenport in a north- westerly direction Hiram Price was elected president of the company which constructed the road. One of his last public acts before removing to Washington was to endow a free reading room in the public library of Davenport, his old home. He was a life-long and prominent member of the Methodist Church. He died in Washington, D. C, May 30, 1901.
SOLOMON F. PROUTY was bom in Delaware, Ohio, January 17, 1864, and came with his parents to Iowa in 1855. They located at Knoxville, in Marion County, where he grew to manhood. He was educated at the Central University at Pella and at Simpson College at Indianola. He taught school for several years and when twenty-three years of age became Professor of Latin in the Central University, serving in that position four years. In 1879 Mr. Prouty was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the Eighteenth General Assembly. Removing to Des Moines he engaged in the practice of law and in 1898 was elected judge of the District Court. In 1902 Judge Prouty was a prominent candidate for Congress in the Seventh District.
WILLIAM H. M. PUSEY was born in Washington County, Pennsyl- vania, July 29, 1826. He graduated from Washington and Jefferson Col- lege in 1847 and came to Springfield, Illinois, where he studied law and became personally acquainted with Abraham Lincoln, who was then prac- ticing law in that city but had at that time attained no prominence out- side of the region in which he lived. In 1856 Mr. Pusey became a resi- dent at Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he entered into the banking business with his brother-in-law, Thomas Officer. Theirs was one of the pioneer banks of western Iowa and was continued until the death of Mr. Officer in 1900. In 1857 Mr. Pusey was elected to the State Senate for the Twelfth District which embraced twenty-two counties of western Iowa. He served in the Senate four years. In 1882 he was the Democratic candidate for Representative in Congress from the Ninth District and was elected over Colonel Anderson the Republican candidate, serving two years. Mr. Pusey
218 HISTORY
was a prominent member of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association and was a life- long Democrat. He died on the 15th of November, 1900.
JOHN W. RANKIN was bom on the 11th of June, 1823, and was a native of the State of Pennsylvania. He was a graduate of Washington College and after teaching a few years, studied law, was admitted to the bar and began practice in Wooster in partnership with Judge Sloan. He came to Iowa in 1848, locating at Keokuk, where he practiced his pro- fession. In April, 1857, he was appointed judge of the First Judicial Dis- trict to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge Ralph P. Lowe. In October of the same year he was elected to the State Senate on the Republican ticket for a term of four years. At the beginning of the War of the Rebellion he was appointed Quartermaster of United States Volimteers. In the winter of 1861-2 he was authorized to raise a regi- ment of volunteers and in a little more than a month had enlisted a regi- ment, which was mustered into the service as the Seventeenth Iowa In- fantry. Rankin was commissioned by Governor Kirkwood colonel of the regiment and it at once entered the service. Colonel Rankin was wounded at the Battle of luka and resigned in September, 1862.
LEVI B. RAYMOND, soldier, journalist and politician, was bom in Allegany County, New York, on the 3d of July, 1836. His parents re- moved to Wisconsin where he spent his boyhood years acquiring an educa- tion at Beloit College. He learned the printer's trade and came to Iowa in 1864. locating at Hampton. Mr. Raymond became editor and publisher of the Hampton Recorder in 1837 and, with the exception of four years, from 1872 to 1876, has continued to publish that paper up to the close of the Nineteenth Century. During this period of four years Mr. Raymond was instrumental in establishing weekly papers in the northwest portion of the State. The new towns desiring newspapers, Mr. Raymond, pioneer- like, undertook to supply the demand. The papers established by ^Ir. Raymond from 1872 to 1875 were the Sheldon Mail, Cherokee Leader, Sioux County Herald, O'Brien Pioneer, Newell Mirror and Doon Republi- can. Colonel Raymond has been superintendent of schools, a trustee of the Clarinda Insane Asylum, also of the Soldiers* Home at Marshalltown, where he was instrumental in establishing the cottage system whereby the wives and widows might receive the benefits of that institution as well as the disabled and infirm Union soldiers. He has been an active Republi- can during his entire residence in Iowa, having served as a delegate in thirty-three State Conventions and was chairman of the Republican com- mittee of Franklin County for thirteen years. From 1883 to 1886 he was Special Examiner of the United States Pension Department and postmaster of Hampton from 1889 to 1894. He served two years on the Republican State Central Committee. Before coming to Iowa and when a young man, Mr.
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Raymond was in the Union army, serving as sergeant in the Sixth Wis- consin Infantry. He was for fifteen years a member of the Iowa National Guard, serving in all grades up to and including the rank of lieutenant- colonel.
WILBUR A. REASER, figure and portrait painter, was bom at Antwerp, Ohio, in 1860. He came to Iowa with his father's family in 1860, locating at Homer, in Hamilton County. Mr. Reaser was educated in the public schools of Fort Dodge and when eighteen taught music and made crayon portraits. At the age of twenty he removed to Oakland, California, and studied in the art schools of San Francisco for four years, supporting himself by teaching music for which he had decided talent. About 1887 Mr. Reaser went to Europe where he spent nearly ten years in the study of art. Since returning to America he has made his home at Rockland Lake, New York. His most noted picture is " Mother and Child " for which he received the first Hallgarten prize in New York, and which was afterwards purchased by Andrew Carnegie for the permanent collec- tion at Pittsburg. Mr. Reaser has painted a number of Iowa landscapes and of late many portraits of Iowa people.
JOSEPH R. REED was born in Ashland County, Ohio, March 12, 1835. He was educated at Hayesville Academy, studied law and was admitted to the bar and, in 1857, came to Iowa, locating at Adel where he practiced his profession. When the Civil War began he helped to or- ganize the Second Battery of Light Artillery in which he served to the close of the war. In 1865 he was elected to the State Senate from the Twenty-first District composed of the counties of Madison, Adair, Guthrie and Dallas. He served four years and in 1872 was chosen judge of the District Court where he served twelve years until he was elected on the Republican ticket Judge of the Supreme Court. He was Chief Justice in 1880 and resigned that place to accept a nomination for Congress in the Ninth District. Judge Reed was elected, serving one term. In 1891, upon the establishment of the Court of Private Land Claims, Judge Reed was appointed by President Harrison Chief Justice of the Court.
HUGH T. REID was bom in Union County, Indiana, on the 8th of October, 1811. He received a liberal education, graduating from Indiana College in 1837. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and removed to Keokuk in 1843, where he began practice. Soon after the beginning of the Civil War he began to enlist volunteers for a new regiment. In February. 1862, the Fifteenth Regiment was organized and Reid was appointed colonel. His regiment arrived on the field of Shiloh after the battle had begun and was at once hurried into the thickest of the fight. It made a gallant struggle but was overborne by numbers and finally
220 HISTORY
forced to retreat, losing nearly two hundred men. Upon the recom- mendation of General Grant, Ck)lonel Reid was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General soon after the battle. He served until the spring of 1864, when he resigned. He was for many years engaged in building the Des Moines Valley Railroad from Keokuk to Fort Dodge.
ROBERT G. REINIGER is a native of Seneca County, Ohio, where he was born April 12, 1835. He was reared on his father's farm and at- tended district school. At the age of seventeen he began the study of law at Tiflin, at the same time taking a college course. He was admitted to the bar in 1856 and the following year came west and located at Charles City in Floyd County, Iowa, where he formed a partnership with his brother in the practice of law. In 1861 Mr. Reiniger enlisted in Com- pany B, Seventh Iowa Volunteers and became first lieutenant. He par- ticipated in the battles of Belmont, Forts Henry and Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, luka and was in the campaign against Atlanta. He was pro- moted to captain in 1862. He was appointed by Governor Merrjll in 1870 judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit and served by reSlections until 1884. In 1885 he was elected to the State Senate for the district com- posed of the counties of Floyd and Chickasaw, serving in the Twenty-first, Twenty-aeoond and by reflection in the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth General Assemblies where he was one of the most influential members. Mr. Reiniger was one of the few public officials who refused to compro- mise himself by the acceptance of railroad passes during his continuance in the public service.
MILTON REMLEY was born in Lewisburg, West Virginia, October 12, 1844. His father came to Iowa with his family in 1855, making his home in Johnson County, where the son worked on his father's farm until he entered the State University, from which he graduated in 1867 with the degree of A.B. and in 1872 he received the degree of Master of Arts. He was admitted to the bar and removing to Anamosa entered upon the practice of law. In 1874 he returned to Iowa City which has since been his home. In 1888 he was a delegate to the National Republican Conven- tion, and in 1890 was a presidential elector for the State at large. In 1894 he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Attorney- General and was elected and twice reelected, serving six years. The Code of 1897 was adopted during his term, making many changes in the laws and his office was consequently one of great importance in passing upon new statutes. He conducted suits on behalf of the State of general public interest in eases of reclaimed lake beds, which were taken to the Supreme Court of the United States. The acts providing for an inheritance tax and the creation of the State Board of Control were passed during Gen- eral Remley's term and he was frequently called upon to construe these
OF IOWA 221
laws. He was for four years president of the Iowa Baptist Ck>nyeiitioii, and later president of the board of trustees of the Des Moines College.
ELLIOTT W. RICE, a brother of General Samuel A. Rice, was bom on the 16th of November, 1836, at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. He was a graduate of Franklin College, Ohio, and took the law course at the Albany Law School. In 1856 he came to Iowa and entered into partnership with his brother in the practice of law at Oskaloosa. At the beginning of the Civil War he enlisted as a private in the Seventh Iowa Volunteers and rose rapidly through successive promotions to the rank of colonel and upon the promotion of Lauman to Brigadier-General, Rice succeeded him in com- mand of the Seventh Regiment. At the Battle of Belmont the command of the regiment devolved upon Rice at the most critical period of the con- flict and his superb gallantry won him his promotion. He was in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, luka and Corinth. Colonel Rice com- manded a brigade in Sherman's march to the sea and on the 20th of June, 1864, he was promoted to Brigadier-General.
SAMUEL A. RICE was bom in Cattaraugus County, New York, on the 27th of January, 1828. His boyhood was spent in Pennsylvania and Ohio. He graduated at the seminary at Wheeling, Virginia, and the State University of Ohio. He took two years' instruction in a law school and in 1850 located at Fairfield, Iowa, where he opened a law office. In 1852 he removed to Oskaloosa and entered into partnership with E. W. East- man, where a large practice was built up. In 1856 Mr. Rice was a delegate to the famous convention at Iowa City which organized the Republican party of Iowa and was the Republican candidate for Attorney-General. He was elected and reelected for a second term in 1858, serving four years. In August, 1862, Mr. Rice was appointed colonel of the Thirty-third Iowa Infantry and soon after entered upon active military duties in the War of the Rebellion. He commanded a brigade in the Battle of Helena and was promoted to Brigadier-Generat. His conmiand was in General Steele's expedition through Arkansas and Louisiana in 1864 and during the re- treat did excellent service at the Battle of Jenkins Ferry, where General Rice was mortally wounded. He was taken home where he died on the 6th of July, 1864, greatly lamented by the people of Iowa.
A. P. RICHARDSON, one of the notable journalists of northern Iowa, was bom in Philadelphia, May 28, 1818. His first occupation was school teaching which he followed in northern Indiana for several years. He there became prominent as a newspaper correspondent winning a reputation as one of the brightest writers in the State. He was appointed colonel of the State Militia, and later was elected to the State Senate of Indiana, where he became conspicuous for battling against various frauds
222 HISTORY
and corruptions attempted in the Legislature. At the expiration of his term, he removed to McGregor, Iowa, where on the 10th of October, 1856, he established the North towa Times in the midst of the presidential cam- paign, supporting James Buchanan against John C. Fremont. In 1861, having associated with him a Republican partner in the editorial work, Colonel Richardson announced that the Times would henceforth be inde- pendent in politics. During the war it was loyal to the Union cause although in 1863 Ck>lonel Richardson again made his paper the exponent of the principles of the Democratic party. Chie long associated with him in editorial work, wrote thus of Colonel Richardson's journalism:
"He was acknowledged by his rivals to have been one of the most popular editors in the State of Iowa. His style was pithy, terse and ex- pressive, and spiced as he only could make it. Upon subjects requiring pro- found thought and deep research, he would lead his readers from sentence to sentence by an irresistible fascination with his pen pictures. . . . For this he had a faculty which few possess of turning the sheet and flinging off columns of the most brilliant wit and mirth which sparkled as diamonds in the sunlight, or, without apparent labor deal in the most withering sarcasm.''
Colonel Richardson died in December, 1870; and his early death brought eloquent tributes from the press of Iowa, Indiana, Wisconsin and Illinois; so widely had his fame as a journalist extended.
DAVID N. RICHARDSON was bom in Orange, Vermont, March 19, 1832. He was reared on a farm and completed his education with two terms at an academy. He taught when eighteen years of age and later entered a printing office in Illinois where he learned the trade. In 1864 he came to Davenport, Iowa, where, in company with James T. Hil- dreth and George R. West he purchased the Democratic newspaper estab- ishment and began the publication of the daily lotoa State Democrat. Here for nearly forty years Mr. Richardson was engaged in conducting one of the foremost newspapers of Iowa. He was for many years a regent of the State University and was untiring in his eflForta to make that the foremost educational institution in the State. He was also one of the original members of the State Commission to plan and erect the Iowa Soldiers' Monument, serving until the work was completed. During the period of eighteen years during which Mr. Richardson was a regent of the State University he was one of its most intelligent and effective pro- moters. It was an often expressed desire of his to live to see our State University equal to any in America. That institution never had a more devoted friend or more useful officer. Mr. Richardson was a graceful and accomplished writer and one of the ablest of Iowa editors. He became an extensive traveler in foreign countries and his letters descriptive of the lands and cities visited were of absorbing interest. His acquaintance with
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OF IOWA 223
the public men of Iowa was very wide and although he was a lifelong Democrat and an active and influential leader in his party for more than forty years, he won and retained the oonfldence and personal friendship of his political opponents everywhere. He died on the 4th of July, 1898.
JACOB S. RI(3HHAN was bom at Somerset, Ohio, on the 11th of March, 1820. He studied law at Knorrille, Illinois, and in 1839 came to Iowa, locating in Cedar County where he was admitted to the bar at Rochester, then the oounly-seat. In 1840 he removed to Muscatine and entered into partnership in the practice of law with & C. Hastings. In 1846 Mr. Riohman was a member of the convention which framed the Constitution under which Iowa became a State. In 1848 he served as chief clerk of the House of Representatives. In October, 1863, he was appointed judge of the District Court where he served until 1870 when he resigned and returned to the practice of law.
BENJAMIN S. ROBERTS was bom in Manchester, Vermont, on the 18th of November, 1810. He graduated at the Military Academy at West Point in 1835, and was commissioned a second lieutenant. In 1839 he resigned and became chief engineer of a railroad company and later was Assistant State Geologist for New York. He finally studied law and in 1844 located at Fort Madison, Iowa, where he practiced law. When the Mexican War began in 1846 he returned to the service and was appointed first lieutenant in a regiment of mounted riflemen. Mr. Roberts greatly distinguished himself in the campaign of General Scott against the City of Mexico. He led the advance into the city and with his own hands raised the American flag over the ancient palaoe of the MonteEumas. At the close of the war he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the regular army. In 1849 the Iowa Legislature bestowed upon him a sword of honor for his gallant services during the war. When the Civil War began Colonel Roberts was in command of the southern district of New Mexico, where he routed the Confederate army and saved the Terri- tory to the Union. In 1862 he was promoted to Brigadier-General and became Inspector-General of General Pope's army in Virginia. In June, 1863, he was assigned to the command of the Department of Iowa with headquarters at Davenport. He served with distinguished ability to the close of the war.
GEORGE E. ROBERTS is a native of Iowa, having been bom in Colesburg, Delaware County, in 1857. In 1873 his parents removed to Fort Dodge, where the son, in 1878, became the editor and publisher of the Fort Dodge Messenger, then a weekly Republican journal. In Feb- ruary, 1882, he was elected State Printer, which position he held by reflections for six years. He became widely known in the presidential
224 mSTOBY
campaign of 1896 as the author of a reply to Hanrey's " Coin's Financial School" which was used as a campaign document by the Republican National Crommittee. He also wrote a work on the money question called "Iowa and the Silver Question," which was an able discussion of the finan- cial issues inTolred in the campaign. These publications weos regarded as among the best statements of iiie financial policy of the Bepublican party in that campaign and brought the author into prominent notice. When Lyman J. Gage became Secretary of the Treasury he tendered to Mr. Roberts the position of Director of the United States Mints, which he accepted and at the dose of a term of four years he was reap)K»nted by President Roosevelt. In June, 1902, he with some associates purchased the lotoa State Register and the Des Moinea Leader which were consoli- dated under the name of the Register and Leader. Mr. Roberts assumed editorial control of the united daily journals.
GIFFORD S. ROBINSON was bom on the 28th of May, 1843, in Tazewell County, Illinois. He spent two years in the State Normal Uni- versity, then took a two-year course^ in the Law Department of Wash- ington University at St. Louis. He taught three years, a portion of the time in the Preparatory Department of the University. In August, 1862, he enlisted as a private in the One Hundred Fifteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry and served in several of the great battles of the war, among which were Franklin and Chickamauga, where he was severely wounded and dis- charged from the service in consequence. He came to Iowa in 1870, locating at Storm Lake in Buena Vista County where he entered upon the practice of law. Mr. Robinson was soon after chosen mayor of the town and in 1875 was elected to the House of the Sixteenth General As- sembly to represent the Seventy-first District, consisting of the counties of Buena Vista, Pocahontas, Palo Alto and Emmet. Becoming widely known as a legislator of unusual ability in the fall of 1881 he was nominated by the Republican Convention of the district composed of the counties of Woodbury, Plymouth, Sioux, Lyon, Cherokee and Buena Vista for State Senator. He was elected, serving six years with marked ability. In the spring of 1887 he was appointed Railroad Commissioner by Grovemor Larrabee, but declined. At the Republican State Convention in the summer of 1887, he was nominated for Judge of .the Supreme Court and elected in October. He became Chief Justice in 1892 and at the close of his term was reelected. He retired in January, 1900, removed to Sioux City and resumed the practice of law. But he was not long left in private life, for in February of the same year he was appointed by Governor Shaw member of the State Board of Control for six years. Judge Robinson was a lecturer before the Law Department of the State University, from 1890 to 1900. In June, 1896, the State University conferred upon him the degree of LL.D.
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OF IOWA 225
LEWIS W. ROSS was born in Butler County, Ohio, October 16, 1827. At the age of twenty he left his father's farm with but a district school education and studied two years at Farmers College, near Cincinnati. He then entered Miami University, Oxford, from which he graduated in 1862. He then began the study of law at Hamilton, Ohio, gaining admission to the bar in 1854. Two years later he came to Cass County, Iowa, where in 1858 he began to practice law. In 1861 he removed to Council Bluffs and was elected to the State Senate in 1863 to represent the district oonsisting of the counties of Fremont, Mills, Cass and Pottawattamie. He served in the Tenth and Eleventh General Assemblies, taking especial interest in educational legislation. In 1864 he was chosen a regent of the State Uni- versity, serving altogether about twelve years. In 1880 he became a professor of law in the University and the following year was elected Chancellor of the Law Department. As a regent he was largely instru- mental in establishing the law, medical and homoeopathic medical depart- ments. Chancellor Ross was the author of "An Outline of Common Law and Code Pleading," and " An Outline of the Law of Real Property." He died at Council Bluffs, November 22, 1902.
GEORGE W. RUDDICK was born in Thompson, Sullivan County, New York, May 11, 1835. He worked on his father's farm until fourteen, when he spent two years at an academy in Kingsville, Ohio, supplementing this with a similar course of instruction at Monticello, New York. At eigh- teen he began the study of law graduating from the Albany Law School in 1856. He then came to Iowa, locating at Waverly which became his per- manent home. In 1857 Mr. Ruddick was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Bremer County, holding the office until the adoption of the new Con- stitution. In 1859 he was elected Representative in the House of the Eighth General Assembly for the district composed of the counties of Chickasaw and Bremer, serving in the regular session of 1860 and the war session of 1861. He was elected county judge in 1862, serving two years; in 1867 he was elected circuit judge and two years later was chosen Dis- trict Judge of the Twelfth District, serving from 1870 to 1892. At one time he received strong support for Judge of the Supreme Court, as he always ranked high as a jurist.
JOHN N. W. RUMPLE was bom near Fostoria, Ohio, March 4, 1841. In 1853 he came to Iowa in an emigrant wagon, taking up his residence on a farm near Greneva Bluffs, Iowa County. He attended the district school and in 1857 entered Ashland Academy in Wapello County. Later he continued his studies in Western College and the Normal Department of the State University, teaching meanwhile to defray his expenses in college. In 1861 he enlisted in Company H, Second Iowa Cavalry as a private, remaining in the service until 1865 when he was mustered out a
[Vol. 4]
226 HISTOEY
captain. He participated in the battles of Island Number Ten, New Mad- rid, Corinth, luka, Grierson's Raid, Tupelo, Nashville and many minor engagements. Returning from the army Captain Rumple entered the law office of Hon. H. M. Martin of Marengo and was admitted to the bar in 1867. He was elected to the State Senate of the adjourned session of 1873, and served by reflections in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth (Gen- eral Assemblies. For six years he was a member of the Board of Regents of the State University and was also one of the curators of the State His- torical Society. In 1900 he was elected Representative in Congress from the Second District and declined reflection on account of failing health. He died in Chicago in January, 1903.
NICHOLAS J. RUSCH was born in Holstein, Germany, in 1822. He received a liberal education and taught school several years. In 1847 he emigrated to America and located on. a farm near Davenport, Iowa. He was a young man of fine ability and studious habits and soon acquired a knowledge of the language, laws and institutions of his adopted country. A Republican in politics he was an influential leader among the German Americans. In 1857 he was nominated by the Republicans of Scott County for State Senator and was elected by a large majority. He at- tained prominence in the session of 1858 as a Senator and in 1859 was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket with Samuel J. Kirkwood. After a campaign of unusual vigor they were elected. Lieutenant-Governor Rusch presided with dig- nity and ability over the Senate during the regular session of 1860 and the war session of 1861 but was not a candidate for reflection. In May, 1860, he was appointed by Governor Kirkwood Commissioner of Immigra- tion and served two years with great efficiency. In 1862 Governor Rusch was appointed to a position in the Conmiissary Department of the military service in the Civil War, with the rank of captain. In 1864 he died in the service at Vicksburg, Mississippi, at the age of forty-two.
EDWARD RUSSELL, one of the noted editors of Iowa, was bom in London, England, October 6, 1830. He received an education at Hill House Academy. In 1845 his father came to America, stopping in New York, where he lost most of his property and Edward became a carpenter. At one time he traveled as a peddler. In September, 1848, the family removed to Iowa, locating on a farm near Le Claire in Scott County. Here the son worked at farming and carpentering for several years. He began to write for the press on slavery and other topics and became a regular correspondent for the National Era of Washington, a radical antislavery paper. He was also a contributor to the Davenport Gazette. In 1858 he became editor of the Le Claire Express and in 1862 began his career as editor of the Davenport Gazette, Here he found a congenial field and
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JOHN RUSSELL
OF IOWA 227
soon attained a position among the able political writers of the State. In the Republican State Convention of 1865, Mr. Russell introduced a resolution declaring for negro suffrage in Iowa. It was smothered by the committee on resolutions but Mr. Russell made a vigorous fight for it before the convention and carried it by a decisive majority. In 1864 Mr. Russell was appointed postmaster of Davenport, serving for nearly sixteen years. In 1871 he retired from the Gazette but four years later again be- came its editor, serving seven years. He was one of the ablest political writers in the State but was not in harmony with the Republican party on a protective tariff. He was a vigorous advocate of a tariff for revenue, standing bravely by his convictions to the close of his life. He was one of the earliest advocates of the construction of the Hennepin canal for uniting the waters of Lake Michigan with the Mississippi for purposes of navigation. In the later years of his life Mr. Russell lost control of the Davenport Gazette and removed to Minneapolis where he died De- cember 18, 1891.
JOHN RUSSELL was bom in the county of Fife, Scotland, October 8, 1821. He learned the trade of stone cutting when a boy and, removing to Glasgow, worked at that ^occupation several years. He read all he could find relating to the United States and finally decided to emigrate to this country. He landed in New York in May, 1842, and from there went to Pittsburg where he worked at his trade until he had accumulated capital sufficient to engage in business as a proprietor of a store. In 1852 he came to Iowa and purchased a farm in Jones County, which became his permanent home. He took a deep interest in public affairs and in 1860 was chairman of the board of supervisors. In 1861 he was elected to the House of the Ninth General Assembly, was reelected to the Tenth, Eleventh and Twelfth General Assemblies and was chosen Speaker of the House for the session of 1868. In 1866 he was elected one of the trustees of the State Agricultural College and was chosen by the board chairman of the building committee. Mr. Russell served in that capacity during the erec- tion of the main college structure and the building of houses for members of the faculty. He was also a member of the committee on organiza- tion in which capacity he rendered valuable services. He took a deep interest in the new institution and gave it the benefit of his excellent judg- ment in the erection of its first buildings and planning the educational course. He served in the Legislature until the close of the session of 1870, when he was elected Auditor of State. He served as Auditor four years and introduced many reforms in performance of its responsible duties. In 1879 he was elected to the State Senate, serving four years. In 1875 Mr. Russell received strong support in the Republican State Con- vention for Governor but when the name of Governor Kirkwood was pro- posed, Mr. Russell declined to be a candidate against the old ''war Gov-
228 HISTORY
tfBor." During his long term in the public service in various responsible positions, Mr. Russell brought to the discharge of his duties rare ability, integrity and a conscientious regard for the public welfare. He has left the impress of excellent judgment on the laws and public institutiona of the times in which he served as one of the most useful and influentiml of Iowa lawmakers.
DAVID RYAN is a native of Hebron, New York, where he was bom on March 15, 1840. His parents removed to Jasper County, Iowa, in 1857, and there the son received his education. In 1859 he entered Central University which he left to enlist in the Eighth Iowa Infantry. He was commissioned first lieutenant and served with his command in every en- gagement imtil 1865. His regiment participated in the desperate conflict at the "Hornet's Nest" in the Battle of Shiloh, where Lieutenant Ryan was taken prisoner. He experienced the horrors of Libby prison as well as Montgomery and Macon. After being exchanged he was promoted to captain of Company £, and participated in the siege and battles of Vicks- burg. In 1864 he was appointed colonel of the Second Regiment of Enrolled Militia of Tennessee. In 1865 Colonel Ryan was elected Representative of the House of the Eleventh General Assembly. He had graduated at the Iowa Law School after leaving the army, and entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1886 he was elected judge of the Sixth Judicial District, serving in that position for three terms.
HENRY SARIN, educator, was bom at Pomfret, Connecticut, on the 23d of October, 1829. He entered Amherst College, graduating in 1862. Coming to Iowa in 1871 Mr. Sabin located at Clinton and has been en- gaged in educational work nearly all of his mature life. He was for a. long time superintendent of public schools and an active and influential member of the State Teachers' Association. In 1887 he was nominated on the Republican ticket for State Superintendent of Public Instruction and elected, serving until 1892. In 1893 he was again elected to the same position and reelected at the end of the term for another period of two years, retiring in 1898. He has been a frequent contributor to educational publications, is a member of the National Educational Association, was president of the Department of Superintendence in 1895 and chairman of the committee of twelve on rural schools from 1895 to 1897. Mr. Sabin has long been one of the most influential workers for the advancement of education through the public school system, in the State. In 1900 he published a book of two hundred eighty-two pages on " The Making of Iowa," for use in the public schools.
MARY AUGUSTA SAFFORD was born at Quincy, Illinois, Decem- ber 23, 1851. At the age of eighteen she entered the State University at
KEV. MARY A, SAKFOBD
OF IOWA 229
Iowa City. After several yeara of study and teaching she began to preach in Hamilton, Illinois, to which city her parents had removed in her child- hood. Here Miss Safford organized a Unitarian Society in 1878. She preached in Hamilton a year and a half, after which she was invited by the Iowa Unitarian Association to be ordained in the State of Iowa. She received her ordination in the town of Humboldt where she remained five years, finally attracting the attention of those interested in the needs of larger towns. In the summer of 1885 Miss Safford accepted a call to the new parish of Sioux City, and entered upon her pastorate there in the fall of that year, completing the organization of the society and stimulating the growing society to build a commodious church. In Sioux City Miss Safford was one of the founders of the Humane Society. She also initiated the first church literary clubs of Sioux City, which were afterwards taken up by other churches until from the nucleus in Unity Church there ex- tended throughout Sioux City an ever broadening circle of literary life. Miss Safford resigned her Sioux City pastorate in June, 1899, to accept a call to Des Moines. In addition to her work at Des Moines, Miss Safford is secretary of the Iowa Unitarian Association, traveling from place to place, organizing, advising and stimulating the churches. Her work has always been largely missionary. She has organized thriving churches in Cherokee, Washta, Perry and Ida Grove. For ten years she was president of the Iowa Unitarian Conference and under her plan of organization the conference developed a financial strength that had been deemed im- possible. In addition to her position as State secretary and minister of the Des Moines church, Miss Safford is a director of the National Unitarian Association, a director of the Western Association, a director of the State Conference, and a member of the National Fellowship Committee. In addition to the literary, educational and humane work of her church, Miss Safford has always been an ardent woman suffragist.
WILLIAM SALTER, one of the pioneer preachers of Iowa, was bom in Brooklyn, New York, November 17, 1821. He was educated in the Union Theological Seminary of New York, the Theological Institution of Andover, Massachusetts, and the New York University. In November, 1843, he came to Maquoketa, Iowa, one of eleven young Congregational ministers who, early in that year formed an "Iowa Band" to establish churches of their faith in the new Territory. They were young men from twenty-two to thirty-four years of age who were in the senior class at Andover. Seven of them, including Mr. Salter, were ordained in the old academy building at Denmark in Lee Coimty, on Sunday, November 6, 1843. From there they went to different localities as missionary preach- ers. After preaching two years at Maquoketa, Mr. Salter became the pastor of the First Congregational Church of Burlington. In addition to his services as a minister. Dr. Salter has given much time to study of
230 HISTORY
Iowa history and for many years has been a contributor of valuable articles to historical publications. His " Life of James W. Grimes " is one of the best of Iowa biographies. He has also written biographies of General Augustus C. Dodge, General J. M. Corse and Governor James Clarke. He is the author of a church hymn book, " Memoirs of J. W. Pickett," " Forty Tears' Ministry" and numerous historical addressee. For more than half a century he has continued to meet the highest expectations of a cultured and critical congregation. In all the attributes of a great and popular minister, a genial and helpful pastor, he was uncommonly en- dowed. His name and fame are intimately entwined with the building up of the State which in youth he selected for a home.
EZEKIEL S. SAMPSON was bom in Huron County, Ohio, on the 6th of December, 1831. When a small boy his father removed to Illinois and in 1843 located on a farm in Keokuk County, Iowa. The son worked on his father's farm until he was nineteen years of age, attending the district school winters. He then learned to set type and earned money as a printer to pay his way in the higher schools until he secured a good education. In 1854 he went to Oskaloosa and began the study of law with Enoch W. Eastman and Samuel A. Rice and in the following year was admitted to the bar. He began to practice at Sigourney and in 1856 was elected Prosecuting Attorney. Early in 1861 he helped to raise a com- pany for the Union army and was appointed captain of Company F, which was assigned to the Fifth Infantry. In May, 1862, he was pro- moted to major of the regiment, serving in that position until 1864, when it was mustered out. In 1865 he was elected to the State Senate and after serving one session was chosen District Judge and remained on the bench by reflection until 1874 when he was elected to Congress. Mr. Sampson served four years in the House of Representatives from the Sixth District, retiring in 1879 and resuming the practice of law. He died at his home in Sigourney on the 7th of October, 1892.
ADDISON H. SANDERS was born on the 13th of September, 1823, in Cincinnati, Ohio. His education was begun in a printing office of his native city and completed at Cincinnati College. In 1845 and again in 1846 he came to Davenport, where his brother, Alfred, was struggling to put his Gazette on a paying basis. During each of these visits he stayed several months, taking editorial charge of the paper and thus relieving his overworked brother, so that he might bring the business department into better condition. When the city had grown large enough to demand a daily paper, Addison H. removed to Davenport, in October, 1866, took editorial charge of the Daily Davenport Gazette and continued in that position until he entered the Union army. At the beginning of the Civil War no newspaper in Iowa had wider influence than the Daily Gazette of Daven-
OF IOWA 231
port. Early in 1861, Add. H. Sanders was commissioned aid to Governor Kirkwood, serving with Judge Baldwin of Council Bluffs and later in the year he was placed in command of Camp McClellan, at Davenport, where the Union volunteers were mustering for the organization of regiments and for drill. The Sixteenth Regiment was organized early in the winter of 186^ and Governor Kirkwood was so impressed with the excellent work and superior qualifications of Add. H. Sanders, that he offered him the position of colonel of the new regiment. But having ohserved the disad- vantage of placing inexperienced officers at the head of new regiments he declined the command, urging the selection of a regular army officer for the place. The Governor and General Baker realized the wisdom of such a selection and Captain Alexander Chambers of the Eighteenth United States Infantry was appointed colonel and Mr. Sanders was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. The regiment received its " baptism of fire " at the desperate and bloody battle of Shiloh and at Corinth, Lieutenant-Colonel Sanders was wounded very severely. He did gallant service during the war, often in command of the regiment. At the Battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, Colonel Sanders was taken prisoner, suffering everything but death in the Confederate prison and when exchanged was so low with starvation and fever that for a long time his recovery was doubtful. On the 2d of April, 1865, he was discharged from the service for disability, having been brevetted Brigadier-General for gallant conduct on many battle-fields. Upon his return home, he was appointed postmaster of Davenport. In 1870 he was appointed by President Grant Secretary of Mon- tana Territory and became acting Governor. In 1872 he was appointed Register of the United States Land Office for Montana. He returned to his old home at Davenport where for many years he has done editorial work on several of the daily papers. As a writer. General Sanders has for a third of a century ranked among the ablest in the State.
ALFRED SANDERS, pioneer journalist, was a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, having been born in that city on the 13th of May, 1819. Like his brother, Addison H., he received his education in the printing office and at Cincinnati College. In 1841 he came to Davenport, Iowa, where in August he established the Davenport Oazette, a weekly Whig newspaper. It was from the first a model typographical journal and gave particular attention to the local interests of the new city and Territory. The young man was but twenty-two years of age and possessed all of the enthusiasm and ability to " work and wait," that characterized the youthful adven- turers who hesitated not to leave the comforts of civilization, to help found a new State. For twenty-one years Alfred Sanders worked in his chosen field with undeviating faith in a brilliant future for his journal, his city, and State. The "old Davenport Gazette'^ was, under his ad- ministraticn, araong th? mo«5t potrr.tinl forces in helping to lay a sure
232 HISiX)BY
loimdatioii for the upbuilding of one of the most beautiful and rabetantlal eltieB of Iowa and no paper in its day contributed more largely toward the material development of all that is most desirable by good dtixeDfl, in the growth of a State. Alfred Sanders never sought office and held steadfastly to the career of journalism which he had chosen in youth; was an active member of the Christian Church and died at the early age of forty-six, on tne 25th of April, 1860.
JAMES H. SANDERS was bom on the 9th of October, 1834, in Union County, Ohio. He received a liberal education in the schools and academies of that section and in 1852 came with his father to Keokuk County, Iowa. The son was an active Republican and was elected county elerk. In 1860 he came to Des Moines at the assembling of the Legislature and secured the position of Secretary of the Senate. He was a good writer on agricultural topics and in 1869 established The Western Stoek Journal, the first publication of the kind in the United States. It was conducted with ability and grew into a wide circulation. Seeing the advantages of having the Journal issued from a large city, he removed it to Chicago where it attained a national circulation. As the live stock in- terests of the west developed ne saw an opening for a weekly publication devoted to the growing branch of farming and selling his interest in the monthly Journal, established theWeekly Breeders? Gazette in 1881. This proved to be a profitable enterprise and grew into a valuable property, circulating over the entire country where stock raising was carried on extensively. Mr. Sanders was a member of the United States Treasury Cattle Commission and a special agent of the Department of Agriculture in Europe in 1885 and was the author of several publications relating to stock. He died on the 22d of December, 1899, at the age of sixty-sevm.
JAMES P. SANFORD was born in Seneca County, New York, No- vember 11, 1832. When thirteen years of age he went to South America and spent foiur years in that country, Mexico and the West India Islands. In 1851 he located in New Orleans where he remained until 1855 when he removed to Iowa, taking up his residence at Bentonsport. The following year he became a Universalist minister, preaching his first sermon at Big Rock in Scott County on the 22d of March, 1856. He was a public speaker of unusual ability and eloquence and rose rapidly in the profession until in a few years he became one of the most famous ministers in Iowa. Early in the Civil War Mr. Sanford enlisted in the Second Iowa Cavalry and was commissioned first lieutenant and was afterwards promoted to captain. Upon the organization of the Forty-seventh Infantry he was conunissioned colonel of that regiment. In 1864 he retired from the ser- vice and went to Europe, making an extensive tour of the countries of the old world. Upon his return he lectured on foreign lands and people
OF IOWA 233
be had visited. Mr. Sanford crossed the ocean fifteen times and extended his trayels into almost every country of the eastern world. Possessed of rare descriptive powers and pleasing address. Colonel Sanford soon won national fame as a lecturer on foreign coimtries. He eventually became one of the most extensive travelers in America as well as one of the most notable lecturers.
WILLIAM F. SAPP was born at Danville, Ohio, November 23, 1824. He received an academic education and studied law at Mount Vernon with Columbus Delano. He was admitted to the bar in 1850 and began practice at Mount Vernon. In 1854 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney, holding that position four years. In 1860 he removed to Omaha and later became a member of the Territorial Legislature. He was appointed Adjutant-General and in 1862 was appointed lieutenant>colonel of the Second Nebraska Cavalry. After the war he made his home at Council Bluffs, Iowa, and practiced law. In 1866 he was a Representative in the Eleventh General Assembly of Iowa. In 1869 he was appointed by Presi- dent Grant United States District Attorney for Iowa, serving imtil 1873. In 1878 he was nominated by the Republicans of the Eighth District for Representative in Congress and elected, serving but one term.
ALVIN SAUNDERS was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, July 12, 1817, and received but a common school education, working on his father's farm until nineteen years of age. He came to Iowa in 1836 when it was a part of Michigan Territory, and located at Mount Pleasant. After a few years he opened a store and was appointed postmaster. He took an active part in public affairs and in 1846 was chosen a delegate to the convention which framed a Constitution for the State. In 1854 he was elected to the State Senate as an antislavery Whig and was one of the most influential members id securing the election of James Harlan to the United States Senate. He was a delegate to the convention which organized the Republican party in 1856. Mr. Saunders served eight years in the Senate, helping to elect Governor Grimes to the United States Senate in 1858. He was a delegate to the National Republican Convention in 1860 which nominated Abraham Lincoln for President. In 1861 Mr. Saunders was appointed Governor of Nebraska Territory where he be- came one of the promoters of the building of the Union Pacific Railroad. He served as Governor until 1867 when Nebraska became a State. In 1877 he was elected to the United States Senate for six years. After the expiration of his term he served ten years on the Utah Commission which had supervision of registration and elections in that Territory. Governor Saimders died at his home in Omaha, November 1, 1899.
CHARLES A. SCHAFFER, late president of the SUte University, was bom August 14, 1843, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. His early educa-
234 HISTORY
tion was thorough and he was fitted for college at the Gennantown Academy. His progress was so rapid that he was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1861, at the age of eighteen. He then be- gan the study of medicine, entering a pharmacy and beginning a labora- tory course in Philadelphia which was continued at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. In 1862 he became private secretary to his uncle, General Her- man Haupt, then stationed in Virginia. The following year he en- listed in Landis' Philadelphia Light Brigade and in a skirmish at Car- lisle distinguished himself for gallant conduct. In 1863 he entered the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard, remaining two years. From there Mr. Schaffer went to Union College at Schenectady, New York, as in- structor in chemistry. In 1867 he went abroad for advanced study in chemistry and for two years was a student at Gdttingen, where in 1868 he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. During the following year he studied metallurgy at the Berlin School of Mines and completed his foreign studies by a course of six months in Paris. While studying there he was elected to the chair of analytical chemistry and mineralogy at Cornell University, at the time being but twenty-six years of age. There he remained nineteen years, and during the absence of the president, Andrew D. White, was usually called to act in his absence. During his last year at Cornell Dr. Schaffer was dean of the faculty. He was in- augurated president of the Iowa State University, in June, 1887, and entering upon the work he voluntarily took upon himself instruction in chemistry of the medical and dental students with lectures on medical jurisprudence. Dr. Schaffer worked untiringly for a large endowment for the University throughout the State and before the Legislature. He was not a brilliant public speaker and " his strongest point was his remarkable executive ability," says Henry Sabin. During his residence in the State he was an earnest worker for the upbuilding of Iowa City, the home of the University. He stood high in the councils of the Episcopal Church and was a trustee of Griswold College and St. Katherine's Hall, Davenport. President Schaffer died in the midst of his great usefulness at Iowa City, September 13, 1898.
WILLIAM O. SCHMIDT is a native of Davenport, where he was born June 9, 1856. He was educated in the public schools of his native city and at the State University, entering upon the practice of law in Davenport. He has always been a Democrat and since 1896 has affiliated with the sound money wing of that party. Mr. Schmidt was a member of the House of Representatives in the Nineteenth and Twentieth General Assemblies, and a member of the Senate of the Twenty-first, Twenty-sec- ond, Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth General Assemblies, having served continuously for twelve years. He was the author of a bill for the regu- lation of the liquor traffic which received the indorsement of the Demo-
OF IOWA 235
cratic party in State convention, and similar to the plan upon which Horace Boies was twice elected Governor of the State.
HENRY P. SCHOLl'E, the founder of the Holland Colony of Marion County, was bom at Amsterdam, kingdom of Netherlands, September 25, 1805. He was educated at the University of Leyden and studying the- ology was licensed to preach in 1832. Two years before, Mr. Scholte had volunteered to assist in suppressing a rebellion in Belgium in which he won medals for bravery. In 1833 he became a preacher in the National Reform church but soon after joined the dissenters and was tried in 1834 for teaching heresy and expelled from the established church, suffering persecution by fine and imprisonment. In 1846 Mr. Scholte became presi- dent of an organization to promote emigration to America and in April of the following year four ships bearing between seven and eight hun- dred persons sailed for Baltimore. No profane, immoral or intemperate person could be a member of the colony, nor an atheist, skeptic or Roman Catholic. A location was chosen in Marion County, Iowa, where two thousand acres of land were purchased and the town of Pella (city of refuge) was platted. Mr. Scholte here adopted the profession of law, taking an interest in American politics, and in 1860 was one of the dele- gates from Iowa to the National Republican convention at Chicago, which first nominated Abraham Lincoln for President. He was the first post- master of Pella and donated five acres of the most beautiful ground in the town to the Iowa Central University. He remained the dominating spirit of the colony until his death on August 25, 1868.
JOHN SCOTT was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, April 14, 1824. He attended the common schools until sixteen years of age when he began to teach. He came to Iowa in 1843 but returned to Ohio and Kentucky, teaching school until May, 1846, when he enlisted in a regiment of Ken- tucky volunteers fitting out for the Mexican War. In 1847 he, with Cassius M. Clay and seventy others, was taken prisoner and marched to the City of Mexico where they were held in captivity for eight months. From 1852 to 1854 he was editor of the Kentucky Whig, He removed to Iowa in 1856, locating at Nevada, where he was engaged in farming and real estate. In 1859 he was elected to represent the counties of Story, Boone, Hardin and Hamilton in the State Senate. He served in the regular session of 1860 and the war session of 1861 and then resigned to enter the Union army. Mr. Scott was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Third Regiment and was in command at the Battle of Blue Mills, engaging a superior army of the enemy. In 1862 he was promoted to colonel of the Thirty-second Infantry where he served with distinction until May, 1864, being engaged in many severe conflicts. In 1867 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Iowa on the Republican ticket, serving two yeara.
236 mSTOBY
In 1870 Colonel Soott was appointed Aasessor of Internal Revenue, hold- ing the office until it waa diaoontinued. He has been intimately associ- ated with the industrial progress of the State for more than a quarter of a century and has been president of the State Agricultural Society, of the State Road Improvement Association, the Improved Stock Breeders' As- sociation and delegate to the National Agricultural Congress. He waa for many years an able contributor to agricultural journals. In 1885 he was again elected to the Stiite Senate where he was the author of the bill to establish a State Board of Control for the various public institu- tions. He has several times come within a few votes of the nomination for Congress in Republican conventions. Colonel Scott is the author of several boolcs. In 1849 he published a narrative of the imprisonment of himself and companions during the Mexican War. In 1895 he pubished a "Genealogy of Hugh Soott" and his descendants, and the "Story of the Thirty-second Iowa Volunteers." In 1896 Colonel Scott was elected presi- dent of the "Pioneer Lawmakers' Association."
WILLIAM A. SCOTT was bom in Crawford County, Indiana, Decem- ber 18, 1818. When Fort Des Moines was established at the Raccoon Forks in 1843, Mr. Scott came with the troops, having contracted to fur- nish provisions for the garrison. He remained at the fort three years and when the Indians were removed to Kansas he accompanied them to their reservation as Indian trader. When the public lands in the vicinity of Des Moines came into market, Mr. Scott returned and entered five hun- dred acres on the east side of the river including most of the ground upon which East Des Moines has been built. He erected his log cabin where the city gas works stand near East Market street and established a ferry across the Raccoon River near its mouth. He built the first bridge across the Des Ifoines River and laid out the city of East Des Moines on his farm. Mr. Scott was active in securing the removal of the Capital from Iowa City and in procuring the location of the State House on the east side of the river. In order to comply with the requirement of the State to furnish a Capitol building and grounds free of expense, Mr. Scott donated most of the land upon which the permanent State House stands, the "Governor's Square" and other ground amounting to fifteen acres. He then became one of a company which erected the first State House at a cost of nearly $40,000. In the accomplishment of these enter- prises Mr. Scott had encumbered his real estate to raise the large sums of money required. In 1857 came the most disastrous financial depression of the century; banks and thousands of business houses went down in widespread ruin. Good money disappeared from circulation and real estate could not be sold. Generous, public spirited "Alex. Scott" was caught in the flood-tide of ruin with his vast holding of real estate mortgaged and no income to tide him over. He started for the Pike's Peak gold field
OF IOWA 237
with the desperate hope that fortune would favor him and enable him to save his property. But he was stricken with fatal sickness and died in a tent cm the plains, June 23, 1859.
t
EUGENE SECOR is a name well known to all lovers of trees and parks in Iowa. He was bom in Peekskill, New York, May 13, 1841, and attended the district schools in his native State. His father possessed a well-selected library and from this his children gleaned a higher educa- tion. In 1862 Mr. Secor came to Iowa and enlisted in the " hundred days *' service but was not called to the field. Two years later he entered Cor- nell College at Mount Vernon but was soon obliged to abandon his studies. He held a number of offices in Winnebago County during the following fourteen years. But he is best known throughout the State for his valu- able papers on bee-keeping, horticulture and preserving the beauties of nature in parks and forest reserves. He has been a prominent member of the State Horticultural Society for many years, having served as director, president and manager of one of the experimental stations. He has con- tributed to journals and magazines both literary and technical for many years, and written by request a r^sumd of the apiarian industry of the United States and its exhibit at the World's Fair for the permanent rec- ords of that and the Omaha Expositions. He is a successful bee-keeper, often procuring a ton of honey in a season. He has served as treasurer, president and general manager of the National Beekeepers' Society. In 1888 Mr. Secor was chosen trustee of the State College of Agriculture, serving six years. He is a prominent Republican and for sixteen years has usually been a delegate to the annual State conventions and has als3 served as a delegate to the National Convention in 1892. In 1901 he was elected a Representative in the Twenty-ninth General Assembly and served as chairman of the committee on horticulture.
EDWARD P. SEEDS is a native of Wilmington, Delaware, where he was born August 1, 1855. When a child his father removed to Man- chester, Iowa, where the son received his early education in the public schools. He entered the Law Department of the State University and graduated in 1877. Mr. Seeds began practice at Manchester, continuing with the interruption of a few years in the postal service, until 1890. Dur- ing his second term as city solicitor he resigned to accept the office of State Senator, serving in the Twenty-second and Twenty-third General Assemblies. In 1890 he was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of New Mexico and was judge of the First Judicial District for four years. During his term he was called upon to render a decision in case of election frauds and his decision was sustained by the United States Su- preme Court. At the expiration of his term Judge Seeds returned to Manchester and was elected professor of law in the State University.
238 HISTORY
HOMER H. SEERLEY was born near Indianapolis, Indiana, August 13, 1848. He came with his parents to Iowa in 1854, locating at South English, where his early education was acquired in the public schools. He entered the State University, graduating in 1873. The following autumn he began his career as a teacher by accepting a position as assistant in the high school of Oskaloosa. The following year he became principal of the school and in 1875 city superintendent of schools. In 1886 he re- signed to accept the presidency of the State Normal School at Cedar Falls. For twenty-five years he has been identified with the State Teachers' As- sociation of which he was president in 1884. He is also a member of the National Educational Association and the National Educational Council. Mr. Seerley has written many educational articles for the press and de- livered numerous addresses before educational assemblies. He is one of the authors of Seerley and Parish's History of Civil Grovernment in Iowa. He has been president of the State Normal School for more than seven- teen years.
JOHN J. SEERLEY was bom at Toulon, Illinois, March 13, 1852. He removed to Iowa and graduated at the State University in 1875. He was principal of the Iowa City high school in 1876. The following year he graduated from the Law Department of the University and entered upon the practice in Burlington, was elected city solicitor, holding the position six years. In 1888 he was nominated by the Democrats of the First Congressional District for Representative and was defeated by Ex-Governor Gear, the Republican candidate. In 1890 he was again the Democratic candidate and was elected over his former competitor.
WILLIAM H. SEEVERS was bom in Shenandoah County, ^rginia, April 8, 1822. His boyhood was passed on his father's farm and his educa- tion was acquired in the common schools. He began to read law in 1843 and removed to Oskaloosa, Iowa, in 1844, where he began practice. Mr. Seevers was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1848, serving one term. In 1852 he was elected judge of the Third Judicial District, serving until 1856. In 1857 he was elected to the House of the Seventh General Assembly and was chairman of the judiciary committee. In 1872 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which nominated General Grant for President the second time. He was a member of the commission to re- vise the laws of the State and was editor of the Code of 1873. In 1875 he was again elected to the General Assembly. In 1876 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court to fill a vacancy where he served until 1888. Judge Seevers died at his home in Oskaloosa, March 24, 1895.
CATO SELLS was born in Vinton, Iowa, October 6, 1859. Losing his father at an early age he was obliged to provide for the family, attending
OF IOWA 239
public school winters. He entered Ck)mell College at sixteen, supporting himself while pursuing his studies. In 1878 he began the study of law in the office of Charles A. Bishop and two years later was admitted to the bar and began practice at La Porte. In 1889 he removed to Vinton and soon became a prominent leader in the Democratic party, serving on the State Central Committee, and was for seven years secretary or chair- man of the executive committee. In 1887 he was chairman of the com- mittee, and in 1888 was a delegate to the Democratic National Conven- tion. In 1892 he was again a delegate and served as secretary of the National Convention. In 1893 he was president of the Democratic State Convention. In 1894 he was appointed by President Cleveland United States Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa. In 1899 he was again president of the Democratic State Convention and in 1900 chairman of the Iowa delegation in the National Democratic Convention at Kansas City. Mr. Sells served on the staff of Governor Boies for four years and in 1892 was elected trustee of the State College of Agriculture.
ELIJAH SELLS was bom in Franklin County, Ohio, February 14, 1814. His father served under Greneral Harrison in the War of 1812. The son came to Iowa in 1841, locating at Muscatine, where he engaged in business. He took a deep interest in the free soil movement and at one of the early Whig conventions secured the adoption of resolutions de- claring it to be the duty of Congress to prohibit slavery in the Terri- tories. This was the first convention in the State to make the declara- tion which afterwards became the cardinal doctrine of the Republican party. In 1844 he was a member of the First Constitutional Convention. He was elected a member of the First Greneral Assembly of the State and again in 1852 served in the House. Mr. Sells was a delegate to the con- vention which organized the Republican party, was nominated for Sec- retary of State and elected. He was twice reelected, serving six years. In 1863 he was appointed paymaster in the army and afterwards held a position in the navy. He also served as Third Auditor of the Treasury. In 1865 he was appointed superintendent of Indian Affairs in one of the southern districts and removed to Kansas. He served three terms in the Kansas Legislature and in 1878 removed to Utah. In 1889 he was ap- pointed Secretary of Utah Territory, serving four years. Mr. Sells died at Salt Lake City, March 13, 1897.
JOSHUA M. SHAFFER was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, Sep- tember 13, 1830, where he attended the common schools, graduating from the Medical Department of the Pennsylvania University. He has re- ceived the degrees of A. B., A. M. and M. D. In 1852 he came to Iowa, making his home at Fairfield, in Jefferson County, where he practiced medicine. In 1854 he was one of the organizers of the State Agricultural
240 mSTOBY
Bodety and its first secretary; he served in that capacity at different times for fourteen years, doing very much to make the State fairs suooessfoL In 1862 he was elected to the State Senate to fill the unexpired term oi James F. Wilson, elected to Congress. For many years he was secretary and librarian of the Jefferson County library. During the Ciyil War he was surgeon of the Board of Enrollment from 1863 to 1865. In 1870-7 Dr. Shaffer was a lecturer at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk where he had taken up his residence. For many years he was a trustee of the Unitarian Society at Keokuk, and later secretary of the board of trustees. The doctor has for many years been a student of natural science, and for twenty-five years has been a promoter of cre- mation as against earth burial, and is a member of an association pledged to the cremation of their own bodies. During the mature years of his life Dr. Shaffer has been a continuous contributor to the press on a variety of subjects of interest to the public, always working for some worthy purpose.
BENJAMIN F. SHAMBAUGH is a native of Iowa, bom at Elvira, January 29, 1871. He acquired his education at the Iowa City Academy and the State University of Iowa, and was fellow in the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, in 1893-95. In the latter year he became instructor in the University of Iowa, assistant professor in 1896 and Pro- fessor of Political Science in 1897. Professor Shambaugh is a curator of the State Historical Society at Iowa City and editor of the louxi Journal of History and PoUtio8, He has written much of value to the student of Iowa history, including three volumes on "Documentary Material Re- lating to the History of Iowa," " Fragments of Debates of the Constitu- tional Conventions of 1844 and 1846," and a "History of the Constitutions of Iowa."
JOHN SHANE was bom in Jefferson Coimty, Ohio, on the 26th of May, 1822, and was educated nt Jefferson College. He studied law with Edwin M. Stanton, Lincoln's great Secretary of War and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1848, beginning practice at Steubenville. In 1856, he removed to Iowa, locating at Vinton where he engaged in the practice of law. He was a delegate to the State Convention which organized the Republican party at Iowa City in 1856. He entered the military service as captain of Company G, Thirteenth Infantry in 1861, in October was promoted to major and was in the Battle of Shiloh. Soon after he be- came lieutenant-colonel and in March, 1863, was promoted to colonel of the regiment. He served in this position with distinction until November, 1864, when the term of enlistment expired. In 1871 Colonel Shane was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate, serving four years. In 1876 he was appointed judge of the Eighth Judicial District and was
OP IOWA 241
elected in 18f8 for a full term but was Btricken with paralysis before the expiration and resigned. He died on the 18th of September, 1899.
ALBERT SHAW, journalist, was born at Shandon, Ohio, July 23, 1857. He came to Iowa when a young man, entering Iowa College at Qrin- nell where he graduated in 1879. He first entered upon journalism by securing an interest in the Orinnell Herald but still continued his studies under Professor Macy, giving special attention to constitutional history and economic science. In 1881 he entered Johns Hopkins University as a graduate student, and while there attracted the notice of James Bryce who was preparing his '* American Commonwealth," and availed himself of Mr. Shaw's knowledge of western political and social conditions. In 1883 Mr. Shaw secured a position on the Minneapolis Tribune but returned to Johns Hopkins taking the degree of Ph. D. He then resumed work on the Tribune, While pursuing his studies he wrote a book called " Icaria; A Chapter in the History of Communism," which became his thesis, was translated and published in Germany where it won the author an enviable reputation. After spending two years in study in Europe he gave lectures at Cornell, Johns Hopkins and Michigan Universities. In 1891 he was invited to establish the American Review of Reviews of which he has since been the editor. He is the author of "Municipal Government in Great Britain;" ''Municipal Government in Continental Europe;" a "History of the Spanish- American War ; " " History of the United States from the Civil War to the Close of the Nineteenth Century." Dr. Shaw is a mem* ber of the American Economic Association, American Antiquarian Society, a fellow of the American Statistical Society and the New York Academy of Political Science. The Outlook says:
"Dr. Shaw has a catholicity of feeling and knowledge which very few Americans possess . . . and is one of the few journalists in this country who treat their work from the professional standpoint, who are thoroughly equi]^ped for it and who rej^d themselves as standing in a responsible relation to a great and intelligent public"
LESLIE M. SHAW, sixteenth Governor of Iowa, was bom in Morris- town, Vermont, November 2, 1848, was reared on a farm and attended the Academy of Morrisville. He came to Iowa in 1889 and entered Cornell College at Mount Vernon, from which he graduated in 1874. Mr. Shaw was dependent upon his own exertions for the means to defray his ex- penses while attending the Iowa College of Law. These he met by work in the harvest field, teaching and selling nursery stock. In 1876 he located at Denison in Crawford County and began the practice of law. He was a hard worker and soon won a prominent position at the bar. Mr. Shaw began the accumulation of a library and in time possessed one of the best collections of law books in the State. He was a liberal contributor to the establishment of the Academy and Normal School at Denison, engaged in
[Vol. 4)
242 HISTORY
banking and became president of a bank at Deniaon and also at Manilla. In the presidential campaign of 1896, Mr. Shaw for the first time took an actiye part in politics and in the discussion of the money issue he mada able arguments for the gold standard which attracted attention and gare him a State-wide reputation as an effective public speaker. In 1897 he was nominated hy the Republican State OmTention for Governor and alter a spirited canvass was elected bj a majority of over 11,000. Two years later he was reelected by a majority of more than 44,000. In 1898 he was president of the Sound Money Convention at Indianapolis, wfaera his speech was considered an able defense of the gold standard. Upon thft czpirati<m of his second term in January, 1902, Governor Shaw was ap- pointed by President Roosevelt Secretary of the Treasury.
WILLIAM T. SHAW was bom in Steuben, Washington County, Maine, on the 22d of September, 1822. He was educated in the Maine Wesleyan Seminary and went to Kentucky where he taught school for some time. When the Mexican War began he at once enlisted and served through the war taking part in many of the principal battles. In 1849 and in 1858 he led parties across the great western plains which were then unsettled and infested with hostile Indians. In 1868 he came to Iowa, locating at Anamoea. Upon the organization of the Fourteenth Iowa Volunteer In- fantry Mr. Shaw was appointed by Governor Eirkwood, colonel. He led the regiment in the thidcest of the fight at the Battle of Fort Donelaon and again at Shiloh where his regiment was assailed by overwhelming niunbers and forced to surrender. At the disastrous Battle of Pleasant Hill, Colonel Shaw commanded a brigade and made a most gallant fi^t, aiding greatly in saving General Banks' army from disaster. In a letter written soon after the battle he eiqposed the incompetency and drunkenness of certain of his superior officers and they took their revenge by procuring his dismissal from the sendee. It was the general opinion of his associ* ates in the Red River campaign that he richly deserved promotion to the rank of Brigadier-General. In 1875 he was elected on the Republican tidcet a member of the House of the Sixteenth General Assembly.
STEPHEN B. SHELLEDY was born in Kentucky in 1802. He came to Iowa in 1842 and took up his residence at ''Tool's Point" (now Mon- roe) , then in Mahaska County. He was elected by the Whigs to the First Constitutional Convention which assembled that year. In 1845 he waa chosen to represent Mahaska, Washington and Keokuk counties in the House of the Territorial Legislature and was reelected, serving until Iowa became a State. He was a member of the Second Constitutional Conven- tion which framed the organic law under which the Territory became a State. In 1854 he was a member of the Whig State Committee which managed the campaign that resulted in the election of James W. Grimes,
OF IOWA 243
Governor. This was the first defeat of the Democratic party since Iowa had an existence. In 1868 Colonel Shelledy was again elected to the Gen- eral Assembly and was chosen Speaker of the House. He died a few years later.
BUREN R. SHEEMAK, eleventh Governor of Iowa, was born in the town of Phelps, Ontario County, New York, on the 28th of May, 1836. He received his education at the public schools of Ontario aftd an academy of Elmira. When a youth he worked for a time with a watchmaker but in 1855 he came with his father's family to Iowa. Assisting his father on the farm the son gave a portion of his time to the study of law. In 1869 he was admitted to the bar. At Vinton he secured a position as junior member of the law firm of Smyth, Traer k Sherman. Soon after the be- ginning of the Civil War Mr. Sherman enlisted in Company G, Thirteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, was soon promoted to second lieutenant of Com- pany E,and was severely wounded at the Battle of Shiloh. He was promoted to captain and served several months, when he resigned on account of disa- bility occasioned by his wound. After returning to Vinton he was elected county judge and in 1866 was elected clerk of the District Court, serving by reSlections until 1874 when he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Auditor of State and elected. He served in that position three terms with marked ability. In 1881 he was nominated by the Re- publican party for Governor and elected by a large majority. He was reelected in 1888. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity.
HOYT SHERMAN, son of Charles R. Sherman, Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, was bom in Lancaster County, November 1, 1827, and is the younger brother of John Sherman, the distinguished Ohio statesman, and of General William T. Sherman of CSvil War fame. Until eighteen years of age, Hoyt's time was divided between school and the printing office. In the spring of 1848 he came to Fort Des Moines, Iowa, then far out on the western frontier. In 1849 he was admitted to the bar and be- gan to practice law, and also engaged in real estate business. In March of that year he was appointed by President Taylor postmaster of Des Moines, holding that position until the inauguration of President Pierce, when he resigned and was elected clerk of the District Court. In 1854 he was the senior member of the banking house of Hoyt Sherman & Co., and upon the establishment of the State Bank of Iowa he became cashier of the Des Moines branch and was one of the directors on part of the State to supervise the system and guard the public interests. When the Civil War began Mr. Sherman was appointed by President Lincoln paymaster in the Union army with the rank of major, holding the position for three years. He was one of the organizers of the Equitable life Insurance Com* pany of Iowa and for many years its general manager. That institution
244 mSTOEY
owes much of its stability and high standing to the fine executive ability and unquestioned integrity of Major Sherman. In 1866, Major Sherman was a member of the House of the Eleventh General Assembly where he was chairman of the committee on railroads and a member of the com- mittee of ways and means. In 1886 he was one of the founders of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association and has always been one of its most influential members, serving as president and long a member of the execu- tive committee. He has contributed valuable historical articles to the AntuiU of lovoa on " Early Banking in Iowa," and on the " State Bank of Iowa." For many years he was the executive officer of the Associated Charities of Des Moines.
JOHN C. SHERWIN was bom at Berlin, Erie County, Ohio, February 6, 1851. His early education was acquired in the public schools and later he attended Ripon and Beloit colleges in Wisconsin. After leaving college he entered the Madison Law School from which he graduated in 1875. He removed to Mason City, Iowa, in 1876, where he entered upon the practice of his profession. He was mayor of that city in 1884-6, and the latter year was elected District Attorney of the Twelfth Judicial District. In September, 1888, he was appointed by the Governor to fill a vacancy as judge of the District Court and was continuously reelected, serving until 1900 when he became a judge of the Supreme Court, having been elected on the Republican ticket.
JAMES H. SHIELDS was born near Bowling Green, Missouri, May 8, 1842, and soon after his parents removed to Dubuque, Iowa, where his early education was acquired. He was sent to Union College, New York, where he graduated in the class of 1862. Returning to Dubuque he studied law, was admitted to the bar and followed that profession for thirty-nine years. He was elected on the Democratic ticket District Attorney for the Ninth Judicial District in 1883, serving four years. In 1889 he was elected to the State Senate, serving in the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth General Assemblies. He was a delegate at large and chairman of the Iowa delegation to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago in 1892. He has been for some time president of the Dubuque Business Men's League, an organization composed of jobbers, manufacturers, real estate owners and capitalists of Dubuque.
JOHN G. SHIELDS was bom on the 22d of May, 1811, in Grayson County, Kentucky. He was one of the earliest settlers in the "Black Hawk Purchase," long before it was organized into Iowa Territory. In 1835 he went to the Dubuque lead mines and established a store which for more than twenty years furnished goods for the early settlers in the lumber regions of Wisconsin and Minnesota. He was several terms alderman of
r
OF IOWA 245
the city of Dubuque and served as mayor in 1855-6. Mr. Shields was elected on the Democratic ticket to the State Senate in the summer of 1848 and was repeatedly reelected, serving continuously for eight years. His district embraced thirteen counties a portion of the time. He was a practical legislator and took an active part in formulating the early laws of Iowa. In 1851 he was appointed senior Major-General of the State Militia by Governor Hempstead and organized the troops to repel the Clear Lake invasion of 1854. General Shields, with Jesse P. Farl^ organized the first Dubuque steamboat line in 1850 long before any rail- roads were built in Iowa. He was a lifelong Democrat and was one of the honored and highly esteemed pioneers of Dubuque. He died on the 25th of June, 1856.
OLIVER P. SHIRAS, jurist, a native of Pennsylvania, was bom in Pittsburg, October 22, 1833. He graduated from the Ohio University in 1863 and took a three years' course at Yale, graduating in the Law De- partment and in 1866 was admitted to the bar. He came to Iowa the same year, locating at Dubuque, where he became a member of the law firm of Bissell, Wells and Shiras. In 1862 Mr. Shiras joined the Union army as quartermaster of the Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, serving until November, 1864. He resumed the practice of law in Dubuque and in 1882 was appointed by the President Judge of the United States District Court for Northern Iowa. Judge Shiras has long been deeply interested in education and literary affairs, having served many years as president of the Literary Association of Dubuque. As a lawyer and judge he ranks among the ablest in the State.
CHRISTIAN' W. SLAGLE was bom in Washington, Pennsylvania, November 17, 1821, and graduated from Washington College in 1840. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1843. Coming to Iowa the same year, he located at Fairfield which became his permanent home. Here he engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1848 he was one of the active promoters of Congressional grants of public lands for aiding in the con- struction of railroads in Iowa. He was one of the foimders of the Jeffer- son County Agricultural Society and also of the State Agricultural Society. He was an untiring worker in the establishment and development of the public library and museum of Fairfield and one of the first trustees of the institution. To him is due the preservation of the recollections of pioneers of that section of the State in a County History. Mr. Slagle took a deep interest in the development of the State University of Iowa, serving as one of the regents from 1866 to 1882, and acting president of the University in 1877-8. His death occurred in Fairfield October 3, 1882.
HIRAM Y. SMITH was bora in Piqua, Ohio, March 22, 1843. He received a liberal education, graduating at the Law School of Albany. He
246 mSTOBT
located in Des Moines, was admitted to the bar and began practice in 1866. He was elected on the Republican ticket District Attorney for the Fifth Judicial District in 1874, serving four years. In 1881 he was elected to the State Senate, serving in the Nineteenth and Twentieth (General As- semblies. He was elected to Congress in the Seventh District in 1886 to fill a vacancy. He died on the 4th of November, 1895.
LEWIS H. SMITH, one of the pioneers of northwestern Iowa, was bom at West Cambridge, Massachusetts, March 21, 1836, and received his education in the public schools of his native place. He came west in 1853, and was employed in the survey of the line of the Rock Island Rail- road through Iowa until 1855, when he engaged in school teaching. When C. C. Carpenter was employed in surveying public lands in Kossuth County, Mr. Smith was one of his party. He remained at Algona and surveyed and platted that town. In 1867 he -was a volunteer in a company raised to protect that part of the State against the hostile Sioux Indians. As a surveyor he platted the town of Estherville, the county-seat of Emmet County; and in 1857 was elected county judge of Kossuth, serving most of the time until the office was abolished. In 1861 Mr. Smith was ad- mitted to the bar, and in the following year was appointed quartermaster of the Northern Border Brigade which was organized to guard the settlers from attacks from the Sioux Indians. He was a member of the Republi- can State Central Committee in 1868-60 and secretary of the State Con- vention. Mr. Smith was enrolling and reading clerk of the House of Rep- resentatives in 1860-1. For twelve years he served as trustee of the Hos- pital for Insane at Independence and during eight years was president of the board.
MILO SMITH was born in the State of Vermont about the year 1819. He came to Iowa taking up his residence at Clinton. The Twenty-sixth Regiment of Iowa Volunteers was raised in Clinton County in the summer of 1862. Milo Smith was appointed colonel and remained in command until near the close of the war, making an excellent officer. He resigned the command in January, 1866, and returned to private life and was soon after appointed General Superintendent of the Des Moines Valley Railroad which position he held many years.
RODERICK A. SMITH, one of the early settlers of northwestern Iowa, was born in the State of New York, October 13, 1831, and came to Iowa in 1856. In 1857 he was a volunteer in the Spirit Lake Relief expedition under Major Williams which marched to the scene of the massacre by the Sioux Indians. He made his home at Spirit Lake soon after the massacre and in 1867 was elected to the House of the Twelfth Qeneral Assembly from the district composed of the counties of Dickinson, Emmet, Clay and
OP IOWA 247
Palo Alto. He has long been a member of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Asso- ciation of lowa^ and in 1898 read before the Association a valuable his- torical article on the " Iowa Frontier During the War of the R^>ellion.'* In 1894 he was appointed by the (xovemor a member of the State C!om- mission to superintend the erection of a monument to the memory of the victims of the Spirit Lake massacre and the Relief Expedition under Major Williams. To Mr. Smith was assigned the duty of grading the ground, superintending the construction of the monument and rdnterring the re- mains of the victims of the massacre. Mr. Smith is the author of a very complete " History of Dickinson County " which is a valuable contribution to the historical record of northwestern Iowa.
WALTER I. SMITH is a native of Council Bluffs, where he was bora July 10, 1862. He received a public school education, taught school and studied law in the office of D. B. Dailey. In December, 1882, he was ad- mitted to the bar. He was elected on the Republican ticket in 1890 judge of the Fifteenth Judicial District, which position he held by rejections until September, 1900, when he resigned, having been nominated by the Republicans of the Ninth Congressional District for Representative in Congress to fill a vacancy. He was elected, serving in the Fifty-sixth Con- gress, was reelected to the Fifty-seventh, where he was a member of the special committee to investigate " hazing " at the West Point Military Academy. Mr. Smith was a member of the committee on banking and currency, and also on elections. He was reelected to the Fifty-eighth Con- gress; and in 1902 presided over the Republican State Convention at Des Moines where he made the opening address which sounded the keynote of the campaign.
WILLIAM R. SMITH was born in Ocean County, New Jersey, Decem- ber 30, 1828. His boyhood days were spent on a farm and in the winter he attended the public school. In 1846 the family removed to Michigan where the son taught several winters. He had decided to study medicine and when about twenty-one went to New York City and attended lectures. In 1856 he removed to Iowa, locating in the frontier town of Sioux City. Northwestern Iowa, Dakota and northern Nebraska were at that time almost entirely unsettled. Sioux City was but a little village remote from railroad and reached only by a semi-weekly stage line from Dubuque. In the spring of 1861, when the Sioux Indians were threatening the frontier settlements of Iowa, Minnesota, Dakota and Nebraska military companies were organized for protection and Dr. Smith was chosen a lieutenant in one consisting of mounted riflemen, in which he served until relieved by the arrival of United States troops. He was appointed Government sur- geon and was sent on a sanitary tour of inspection among the Iowa regiments serving in the Vicksburg campaign. In 1863 he was appointed
248 mSTOBY
■urgeon of the Board of Enrollment for the Sixth Congressional District and served through the draft of 1864, being stationed at Fort Dodge. He served as mayor of Sioux City, was one of the incorporators of the First National Bank, also of the Sioux City k St. Paul and other railroad com- panies. In 1878 he was appointed by Governor Gear one of the Commis- sioners to the Paris Exposition. He was a member of the Cobden Club of England and deeply interested in tariff reform. Dr. Smith was one of the founders of the First Unitarian Church of Sioux City and an active member of the Iowa and Western Conferences of that denomination. In polities he was an independent Republican of the George William Curtis stamp and always acted up to his convictions of right, regardless of party platforms. He served for thirteen years as Receiver of the United States Land Office at Sioux City and as such had the custody of millions of dollars of the public money during the sales of public lands.
ROBERT SMYTH, one of the pioneers of Linn County, was bom in Ireland, February 26, 1814. He came to America in 1834 and located in Linn County, Iowa, in 1840. Here he became an extensive dealer in real estate and afterwards engaged in banking. He was a member of the Sixth Territorial Legislature in 1843-4 and of the State Legislature in 1846-8. Mr. Smyth was again a member in 1868, serving four years in the Senate. In 1884 he served in the House of the Twentieth General As- sembly forty years after he first became an Iowa lawmaker. Colonel Smyth was one of the paymasters of the United States army for several years, disbursing more than $10,000,000 during his term. He died at Mount Vernon April 3, 1898.
WILLIAM SMYTH was born in Tyrone County, Ireland, January 3, 1824. He came with his parents to America when about fifteen years of age and in 1840 located in Linn County, Iowa. Mr. Smyth studied law at Iowa City and in 1848 opened a law office in Marion. In 1853 he was appointed judge of the Fourth Judicial District, serving until 1857. In 1858 he was chosen by the Seventh General Assembly one of three com- missioners to revise and codify the laws of the State. Their work was accepted by the Legislature and became the Code of 1860. Judge Smyth was then appointed on the Commission of Legal Inquiry. In 1861 he was one of the commissioners appointed to negotiate the bonds issued by the State to provide a war defense fund. In August, 1862, he was com- missioned colonel of the Thirty-first Iowa Infantry and served in the field imtil December, 1864, when he resigned on account of failing health. In 1868 he was elected to Congress and served until his death in 1870.
FRANCIS SPRINGER was born in the State of Maine, April 15, 1811. He worked on a farm in boyhood and attended district school
OF IOWA 249
during the winter months. When eighteen years of age he began to teach at ten dollars a month. In 1833 he studied law and five years later went to the far west, locating at the new town of Wapello, in Louisa County, Iowa. He was the first lawyer in the new county and in 1840 was elected on the Whig ticket to represent Louisa and Washington coun- ties in the Coimdl of the Legislative Assembly, where he served four years. Upon the admission of Iowa as a State, in 1846, Mr. Springer was elected to the Senate of the First General Assembly where he served four years. In 1849-50 he was a special agent of the Post-Office Department and in 1851 was appointed Register of the United States Land Office at Fairfield. In 1854 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney and in 1855 was chosen District Judge. In 1856 he was a delegate to the first Republican National Convention which nominated John C. Fremont for President. In 1857 Judge Springer was a member of the convention which framed the present Constitution of the State and was the permanent president of that body. He was again elected District Judge in 1858, serving until 1860, when he resigned to accept the position of Collector of Internal Revenue. In 1882, on the 19th of January, a reunion of the surviving members of the Constitutional Convention of 1857 was held at Des Moines, at which Judge Springer presided. It was the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Convention which framed the Constitution and Judge Springer delivered an address of great historic interest. He died on the 2d of October, 1898.
FRANK SPRINGER is the son of Judge Francis Springer and was born at Wapello, Iowa, June 17, 1848. He graduated from the State University in 1867 and immediately began the study of law at Burling- ton. The following year he matriculated with the senior class at the State University and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He entered upon the practice of law in Burlington and was soon appointed Special Prose- cuting Attorney. In 1873 Mr. Springer removed to New Mexico where he was employed as attorney for the famous Maxwell Land Grant Company which brought him into prominence before the United States Supreme Court. In 1883 he became a resident of Las Vegas where he has since resided. He was chosen president of the Maxwell Land Company in 1891 and has been counsel for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Com- pany since 1878. Mr. Springer served several terms in the Territorial Legislature of New Mexico and was a member of the Constitutional Con- vention in 1889. In the same year he was elected president of the Bar Association of New Mexico. In 1902 he was a member of the New Mexico Irrigation Commission and president of the Board of Regents of the Nor- mal University. From early youth Mr. Springer took a deep interest in natural science, and while at the University gave special attention to geology. At Burlington he became acquainted with Professor Wachsmuth and was associated with him in his studies and publications on crinoids.
250 HISTORY
He was also author of the *' Revision of the PalAOcrinoidea," published by the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. He and Professor Wachsmuth con- solidated their collections and libraries, added much by exchanges and erected a fire-proof building at Burlington where the wonderful collection is housed. The principal scientific writings of Mr. Springer are in collabor- ation with Professor Wachsmuth. He is working upon a continuation of the "Monograph of North American Crinoids," the first three volumes of which appeared in 1896, with Professor Wachsmuth as joint author. This is the most important scientific work ever produced in the State.
EDGAR W. STANTON was born in Waymast, Pennsylvania, Octo- ber 3, 1850. His education was begun in the public schools of his native town and continued at Waymast Normal School and Delaware Literary Institute at Franklin, New York. In 1870 he came to Iowa, entering the State Agricultural College, where he graduated in 1872. The following year he was appointed instructor in mathematics and in 1877 became full professor in that department, continuing in that capacity until the death of President Beardshear in 1902 when he was appointed acting president of the college. Professor Stanton became secretary of the Board of Trustees in 1873 and retained that office imtil he became acting presi- dent. For over thirty years Professor Stanton has been intimately asso- ciated with the financial and general business management of the college with its large endowment arising from the Government land grant and it may be truly said that to his fidelity, unusual business capacity and intimate knowledge of the aims of the College, the institution is more largely indebted for its remarkable development and general prosperity, than to any other man now living. His management of the business in- trusted to his supervision has received the unreserved approval of suc- cessive boards of trustees, and as an instructor in his department he has been remarkably successful. He is the author of " Stanton's Algebra.'
»»
THADDEUS H. STANTON was born in the State of Indiana in 1835. He came to Iowa in 1851, taking up his residence at Mount Pleasant where he became editor of an antislavery paper. Later he removed to Wash- ington in this State and was for several years editor of the Washington Press, a Republican paper. He was correspondent of the New York Herald at the beginning of the Rebellion but enlisted and served three months. In October, 1861, he was elected to the House of the Ninth General As- sembly and served through the regular and extra sessions. After the close of his term he reentered the military service and at the close of the war was appointed paymaster with the rank of major in the regular army. He held this position for twenty years and was successively pro- moted, reaching the rank of Brigadier-General. At the close of the Spanish war he retired from active service.
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0-1^0
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JOHN L. STEVENS was born in Northfield, Vermont, on the 29th of May, 1850. He attended the common schools several years and in 1863 came to Iowa, making his home at Cedar Rapids. He entered the Iowa State College where he graduated as a civil engineer in 1872. Soon after he entered upon the study of law and began to practice in 1874, locating in Boone. In politics he was a Republican, and in 1879 was elected Dis- trict Attorney of the Eleventh Judicial District, serving until 1886, when he was elected judge, holding that position until 1893. He was for several years one of the commissioners appointed by the President to adjust the long pending claims of the settlers on the Des Moines River lands.
EDWARD H. STILES was bom in Oranby, Connecticut, October 8, 1836. He received a liberal education in the New England schools, studied law and removed to Iowa in 1856, locating at Ottumwa. where the following year he began the practice of his profession. In 1859 he was chosen city attorney and in 1861 county attorney. In 1863 he was elected on the Re- publican ticket Representative in the House of the Tenth General Assembly. At the close of the term he was elected to the State Senate. In 1867 he was chosen reporter of the Supreme Court, a position he held for eight years. During his term of service he edited, compiled and published fifteen volumes known as " Stiles' Iowa Reports " which rank high among the law reports of the country. He also prepared and published four volmnes of digests of the decisions of the Iowa Supreme Court from the time of its Territorial organization down to the close of volume fifty-eight of the Iowa Reports. In 1881 he began to collect the material for a ** History of the Early Bench and Bar of Iowa." In 1883 he was the Republican candidate for Congress in the Sixth District but by a fusion of the Demo- cratic and Greenback parties in support of General J. B. Weaver, Mr. Stiles was defeated. In 1886 he removed to Kansas City, where he ranked high at the bar, having served as Circuit Judge and Master in Chancery of the United States Circuit Court.
LACON D. STOCKTON located in Burlington, Iowa, in 1836. He entered upon the practice of law and became one of the leading members of the bar. In politics he was a Whig but took no active part in public afTairs, confining himself strictly to the duties of his profession. He was a personal friend of James W. Grimes and after the resignation of Judge Isbell from the Supreme bench. Governor Grimes on the 17th of May, 1856, appointed Mr. Stockton to fill the vacancy. In January, 1857, he was elected by the General Assembly. Under the new Constitution the judges were to be elected by the people. Judge Stockton was nominated by the Republicans and elected for a full term of six years, in October, 1859, but died on the 9th of June, 1860.
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GEORGE A. STONE wu born in Sehoharie, New York, on the 18th of October, 1833, and cftme to Iowa with his father in 1839, locating in Washington County. After completing his studies at Mount Pleasant the son procured a position in a bank in that place, serving as cashier until the beginning of the Rebellion. Early in the spring of 1861 he assisted in raising Company F, First Iowa Volunteers, and was chosen first lieuten- ant. He took part in the Battle of Wilson's Creek and served in Missouri until the three months' regiment was mustered out. In October he was commissioned major of the Fourth Iowa Cavalry and in August^ 1862, was appointed colonel of the Twenty-fifth Iowa Infantry. He served through the war with that r^ment participating in the Battle of Arkan- sas Post, in the Vicksburg campaign, the battles about Chattanooga and in Sherman's march to the sea. At the close of the war he was brevetted Brigadier-General. Upon his return to Mount Pleasant he again engaged in banking. In 1884 General Stone was appointed National Bank Exam- iner whidi position he held at the time of his death, which occurred on the 28th of May, 1901.
JOHN T. STONE was bom near Springfield, Illinois, on the 23d of April, 1843, and came with his parents to Iowa in 1866. He received a liberal education and at the beginning of the War of the Rd>ellion enlisted in the Fifteenth Iowa Infantry and served until peace was restored. He then returned to Glenwood and studied law with William Hale, afterwards entering into partnership with him. Mr. Stone was elected Representative in the House of the Twelfth and Thirteenth General Assemblies and to the Senate of the Fourteenth, serving four years in each branch. In
1875 he was again elected to the House, serving four years more, the last term as Speaker. He was a delegate to the National Republican Con- vention in 1876 and a member of the National Republican Committee from
1876 to 1880. He was again a delegate to the National Republican Con- vention in 1884. In 1888 he was nominated by the Republican Stete Convention for Attorney-General and elected, serving three terms. During his busy life in law and politics, General Stone has found time to engage largely in fruit growing. He began many years ago to plant apple trees in Mills County and continued until over eight hundred acres were in orchard, upon which were growing more than 100,000 bearing apple trees. He also planted a vineyard of more than 76,000 grape vines ; these with his apple orchard made the largest fruit plantetion in the Stete.
JOSEPH C. STONE was bom in Westport, New York, July 30, 1829. He came with his father to the Territory of Iowa in 1844, attended the public schools and later studied medicine, graduating at the Medical De- partment of the St. Louis University in 1854. He enlisted as a private in the First Iowa Cavalry in June, 1861, and was successively promoted to
OF IOWA 253
adjutant of the Foment, captain and assistant adjutant-general of volun- teers. He served to the close of the war and returned to the practice of medicine. In 1876 he was elected to Congress from the First District on the Republican ticket, serving but one term.
WILLIAM M. STONE, sixth Governor of Iowa, was bom in Jeffer- son County, New York, October 14, 1827. In 1834 his parents removed to Coshocton, Ohio, and for two seasons he drove horses on the canal and when seventeen was apprenticed to a chairmaker. At twenty-one he be- gan to read law and in 1851 was admitted to the bar. In 1854 he emigrated to Knoxville, Iowa, and began practice. He purchased the Knowville Journal and took editorial charge of it. Mr. Stone was a dele- gate to the convention which organized the Republican party and was nominated for presidential elector in the Fremont campaign of that year. He was an eloquent public speaker and won wide reputation. In April, 1857, he was elected judge of the Eleventh District. When the Civil War began he raised a company for the Third Infantry and was commissioned major of the regiment. He was taken prisoner at the Battle of Shiloh and after his release was appointed colonel of the Twenty-second In- fantry. He resigned in August, 1863, having been nominated for Governor by the Republican State Convention. He at once entered upon the cam- paign and was elected over Colonel James M. Tuttle the Democratic can- didate, by more than 38,000 majority. He was reelected by a reduced majority and during his term his private secretary in the absence of the Governor appropriated to his own use funds belonging to various counties of the State. An investigation by the General Assembly exonerated the Governor from any knowledge of or participation in the transactions. In 1877 Governor Stone was elected to tiie House of the Seventeenth General Assembly. In 1888 he was chosen one of the presidential electors and upon the accession of President Harrison he was appointed Assistant Commissioner of the Land Office at Washington and later was promoted to Commissioner. Governor Stone died in Oklahoma Territory, July 18, 1893.
HENRY L. STOUT was bom in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, October 23, 1814. He was reared on a farm and his education acquired in the public schools. In 1836, before Iowa became a Territory, he located in Dubuque and for half a century was closely identified with the business interests and growth of that city. He built up one of the largest lumber establishments 6i the country, the business growing to an estimated value of $4,000,000. The yards and mills are located in Wisconsin, Iowa and Missouri, having an annual output of more than 125,000,000 feet. Mr. Stout has long been largely interested in the breeding and raising of trotting horses and his name is known throughout the country as the owner of "Nutwood," who became the king of trotting sires, leading all
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sires of his age in both first and second generation. Mr. Stout died in Dubuque, July 17, 1900.
JOSEPH M. STREET was bom in Lunenburg County, Virginia, De- cember 15, 1782. He went to Kentucky, studied law with Henry Clay and practiced a few years. Later he was editor of the Western World, published at Frankfort, which became famous for exposing the conspiracy of Aaron Burr to dismember the Union. Street was repeatedly assailed by the friends of Burr and at one time severely wounded. He lived for several years at Shawneetown, Illinois, where he held various offices. In 1827 he was appointed by President Adams agent at Prairie du Chien for the Winnebago Indians. During his long service in that position he established schools and instructed them in farming. He protected them from plundering traders and acquired great influence with that tribe. During the Black Hawk war he removed the Winnebagos out of reach of the influence of the Sac chief with whom they sympathized. He was instrmnental in securing the surrender of Black Hawk and fifty members of his band who escaped from the massacre of Bad Ax, to General Taylor at Fort Crawford, and was also instrumental in procuring the removal of the Winnebagos from Wisconsin to northern Iowa upon lands they had accepted in exchange. In 1835 General Street was transferred to Rock Island as agent for the Sac and Fox Indians. In 1838 he selected the site for the new agency of the Sac and Foxes on the Des Moines River which became known as Agency City, which was in Wapello County, near where Ottumwa stands. Here General Street died May 5, 1840, and was buried near the grave of the chief Wapello.
GEORGE R. STRUBLE was born in Sussex County, New York, July 25, 1836. He became a resident of Ohio at an early age where he attended the common schools and the Academy at Chesterville. He removed to Iowa City in 1856, studied law and was admitted to the bar. In 1857 he removed to Toledo in Tama County, where he began the practice of his profession. He served several years as circuit judge in the Eighth Judicial District. In 1870 he was elected Representative in the Eighteenth General Assembly and at the close of the term was reelected. He received the nomination of the Republicans and was chosen Speaker of the House of the Nineteenth General Assembly. In 1800 Judge Struble was the Re- publican candidate for Representative in Congress from the Fifth District; but that year the Democrats for the first time since 1853 elected a majority of the Representatives in Congress from Iowa, and Judge Struble was one of the Republicans defeated.
ISAAC S. STRUBLE was born near Fredericksburg, Virginia, on the 3d of November, 1843. He received a common school education and at-
. B. ST RUBLE
OF IOWA 255
tended the State University after removing to Iowa. He enlisted in Com- pany F, of the Twenty-second Iowa Volunteer Infantry when eighteen years of age and was wounded at the Battle of Cedar Creek in October, 1864. Mr. Struble studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1870. In 1872 he took up his residence at Le Mars in Plymouth County and entered upon the practice ol his profession. In 1882 he received the Republican nomination for Representative in Congress in the Eleventh District and was elected. He was three times reelected, serving eight years.
DANIEL P. STUBBS was born in Preble County, Ohio, July 7, 1829. He was reared on a farm where he aided his father and attended the district school, with a few months' instruction at Union County Academy, Indiana. He began teaching in the public schools in 1863 and in 1854 and the following year he was principal of the academy he had formerly attended. During this time he was reading law and later took the law course in Asbury University where he graduated in 1856. Entering upon the practice of his profession he also had editorial charge of the Union County Herald. In 1857 he came to Iowa, locating at Fairfield which has since been his home. In 1863 he was elected to the State Senate and served in the Tenth and Eleventh General Assemblies, being on the stand- ing committees on Federal relations, railroads, charitable institutions and during his entire term serving on the judiciary committee. In 1866 he was elected president pro tern, of the Senate. He was the author of the following joint resolution which passed the Greneral Assembly in 1864:
Section I — ^Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as pun- ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, wall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section II — Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation.
Mr. Stubbs was originally a Liberty party man, but after 1856 acted with the Republicans. He was a delegate to the Republican National Con- vention in 1864 which nominated Abraham Lincoln for reflection and served on the National Executive Committee for four years. He later joined the Greenback party and was the candidate for Governor in 1877.
SAMUEL W. SUMBfSRS was bom in Virginia, in 1820, and in 1842 removed to Iowa, locating in Van Buren County. He had studied law and was admitted to the bar but had a hard struggle to make a living at his profession at that early day when there was little business and less money. He finally removed to Ottumwa where he was more successful. In January, 1863, he was appointed colonel of the Seventh Iowa Cavalry which was sent west to operate against the Indians. His headquarters were most of the time at Omaha and his regiment did not have an oppor- tunity to see much hard fighting and was mustered out in 1865.
256 HISTOBY
ADELINE MORRISON SWAIN was bom at Bath, in the State of New Hampshire, May 25, 1820. She acquired an unusually good educa- tion and was for many years a teacher of languages in seminaries in Ver- mont, Ohio and New York. In 1846 she married James Swain and in 1858 they removed to Iowa, locating at Fort Dodge, where Mrs. Swain organized a class of young ladies, giving them instruction in higher Eng- lish, French, drawing and oil-painting. She also organized a class in botany which studied the flora of northwestern Iowa. Mrs. Swain was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was the first woman to prepare and read a paper before that body at its meeting in Iowa. She was also an active member of the State Historical Society and a contributor to its collections. She was a valued correspondent of the Entomological Commission appointed to in- vestigate the habits of the Colorado grasshoppers. Mrs. Swain took a deep interest in public affairs and was an active and influential worker in the National Woman's Congress, in the State and National Woman Suffrage Associations and was for several years one of the editors of the Woman's Tribune. At the meeting of the National Suffrage Association at Atlanta, Georgia, she was elected honorary vice-president for life, in recognition of her forty years' work in the cause. In 1883 Mrs. Swain was nominated by the Greenback State Convention of Iowa for Superintendent of Public Instruction, being the flrst woman nominated for a State office in Iowa. In 1884 she was chosen a delegate from Iowa to the National Con- vention of that party held at Indianapolis to nominate candidates for Presi- dent and Vice-President. Mrs. Swain's mature life was largely devoted to educational and reform work in which she long ranked among the ablest in the State. She died at Odin, Illinois, on the 3d of February, 1899.
ALBERT W. SWALM was born at Womelsdorf, Berks County, Penn- sylvania, on the 30th of November, 1846. In 1855 he came to Iowa and learned the printing business at Oskaloosa. When the Civil War began he enlisted but was rejected on account of his youth. Later he joined Company D, Thirty-third Iowa Infantry and served through the war as a private. Just before the Rebellion ended he was recommended for pro- motion. Upon his return home he was employed on the State Register and was soon promoted to city editor. In January, 1870, he became the editor of the Grand Junction Headlight, A few years later he removed to Jefferson and took editorial charge of the Jefferson Bee. In 1873 he, with his wife, purchased the Fort Dodge Messenger, removed to that city and published that paper. Selling that establishment after a few years he re- turned to Oskaloosa and bought the Herald establishment. Here he held many official positions, among which were postmaster, four years; Indiau Land Commissioner, member of the State Prison Commission, of the Re- publican State Committee, Regent of the State University from 1885 to
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1897, and for thirteen years an officer in the Iowa National Guards, attain- ing the rank of colonel. He was for some years on the Governor's staff. In 1897 he was appointed Consul to Montevideo, in Uruguay, South Amer- ica, by President McKinley. In March, 1903, Colonel Swalm was by order of the President transferred to Southampton, England.
PAULINE GIVEN SWALM was bom at Dahlonega, Wapello County, Iowa, on the 7th of October, 1860. She prepared for college in the public and private schools and graduated from Iowa College at Grinnell. Miss Given was an accomplished writer and in 1871 became associate editor of the lotoa State Register, In October, 1872, she was united in marriage with Albert W. Swalm. In 1874 she was associated with her husband in the publication and editorial management of the Fort Dodge Messenger, Some years later they removed to Oskaloosa and purchased the Herald, where for many years they gave their time to the editorial and business management of that journal. They soon established a daily edition which became one of the most influential Republican journals in the State. Dur- ing all of this time Mrs. Swalm was a contributor to leading political papers and magazines. She was an accomplished public speaker and was often invited to deliver lectures. She accompanied her husband to Monte- video, where she has been a close observer of South American people and countries, which will be the subject for a book from her pen.
JOSEPH H. SWENEY was bom in Warren County, Pennsylvania, on the 2d of October, 1845. He came to Iowa when a young man and graduated from the regular as well as tlie law course of the State Univer- sity. Mr. Sweney has been engaged in farming and banking but gives most of his attention to law. In the War of the Rebellion he served three years in Company K, Twenty-seventh Volunteer Infantry. After the war he was for four years colonel of the Sixth Regiment of the National Guards and was promoted to Brigadier, and Inspector-€}eneral of the State. In 1883 he was elected on the Republican ticket State Senator for the Forty-ftrst District, composed of the counties of Howard, Mitchell and Worth. He was in 1886 elected president pro tern, of the Senate. Mr. Sweney was reelected to the Senate at the close of his first term, serving eight years, most of the time being on the judiciary, railroad and military committees. In 1888 he was elected to Congress in the Fourth District, serving one term. He was nominated by the Republicans in 1890 but was defeated at the election by the Democratic candidate.
RICHARD H. SYLVESTER was one of the pioneer journalists of Iowa. He was bom in Charlestown, New Hampshire, and attended school at Exeter Academy, taking a course at Yale College and graduating at the Law School of Ann Arbor. In 1854 he came to Iowa and continued
[Vol. 4]
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Brown and one of his trusted agents on the Underground Railroad in Iowa, along which fugitive slaves were conveyed to liberty in Canada. In 1861 Mr. Teesdale was appointed postmaster of Des Moines and sold the State Register to Frank W. Palmer. In 1872 he had editorial charge of the Washington, D. C, Chronicle, during the second campaign for the election of President Grant. In 1868 Mr. Teesdale removed to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, which became his permanent home.
EDWARD A. TEMPLE was bom in Lebanon, Illinois, September 23, 1831. He came with his parents to Burlington, Iowa, in 1837, the year before the organization of the Territorial Qovemment. There he received his education and grew to manhood. He early acquired a knowledge of banking and in company with Hon. W. F. Coolbaugh in 1866 established a bank at Chariton. He afterwards conducted the banking house of Ly- man, Cook & Co. and finally the First National Bank of Chariton until 1884. Mr. Temple then came to Des Moines and organized the Bankers' life Association which, under his management, has become one of the strongest companies of the kind in Iowa, with assets of more than $5,000,- 000. Mr. Temple is a stanch Democrat, but has never sought office, pre- fering to conduct a business where success comes from enterprise and personal effort.
MARCELLUS L. TEMPLE, author of the notable "Temple Amend- ment," was born in Wadestown, Virginia, September 16, 1848. He at- tended the West Virginia University from which he graduated in 1873. The same year he came west locating at Osceola, Clarke County, Iowa, where he was admitted to the bar and entered upon the practice of his profession. Mr. Temple was a conservative Democrat until 1882 when his party declared against the prohibitory amendment to the Constitution, when he canvassed the State for the amendment, voted for it and has since acted with the Republican party. In 1892 he was chosen on the Republi- can ticket one of the presidential electors, and the following year was a delegate to the Republican State Convention. He was elected a Repre- sentative to the House of the Twenty-sixth General Assembly in 1895, serving in the regular and extra sessions as chairman of the first division of the Code Commission. As the result of his connection with important railroad legislation, he introduced and secured the passage of the famous '* Temple Amendment " which was enacted into law in 1898. Mr. Temple was defeated for reflection in 1897 but in 1899 he was again elected, serving in the Twenty-eighth General Assembly as chairman of the judiciary committee of the House. He was the leading candidate for Speaker until he withdrew to secure harmony among the supporters of John H. Gear for United States Senator. He became the recognized Re- publican leader of the House during that session.
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EDWARD H. THATER, journalist, was born in Windham, Maine, November 27, 1832. He graduated at East Corinth Academy in 1850 and came to Cleveland, Ohio, where he attended medical lectures and paid his way by work on the daily papers. He read law and in the spring of 1853 was admitted to the bpr. Coming to Iowa he located at Muscatine and began the practice of his profession and served four years as county attorney. In 1860 he was a delegate from Iowa to the Democratic National Convention at Charleston which nominated Stephen A. Douglas for Presi- dent. In 1862 Judge Thayer was the Democratic candidate for Congress in the Second District against Hiram Price, but was defeated. While in Muscatine Judge Thayer acquired a taste for newspaper work and remov- ing to Clinton in 1868 established the Clinton Age, which soon became one of the ablest Democratic journals in eastern Iowa. In 1875 Judge Thayer was elected Representative in the House of the Sixteenth General As- sembly and in the following year was appointed by Grovernor Kirkwood trustee of the State Normal School where he served several years as presi- dent of the board. In 1876 he was a delegate to the National Democratic . Convention and an earnest supporter of the nomination of Samuel J. Tilden for President. In 1880 he was the Iowa member of the Mississippi River States Commission and took an active part in the work of that body. In 1884 Judge Thayer was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at Chicago where he was the Iowa member of the committee on resolu- tions and author of the tariff plank in the platform. In 1885 he was appointed postmaster at Clinton by President Cleveland. Judge Thayer has been an active promoter of numerous railroads and was for a time president of the Iowa Southwestern Railroad Company. For nearly half a century he has been one of the most influential leaders of the Demo- cratic party in Iowa, helping to formulate its platforms and often pre- siding over its State Conventions.
LOT THOMAS was bom on the 17th of October, 1843, on a farm in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He received a liberal education and in 1868 he came to Iowa. He taught school near New Virginia, in Warren County, and during the time procured books and began to read law. In 1870 he entered the Law Department of the State University, graduated and was admitted to the bar. He took up his residence at Storm Lake and entered upon the practice of law. In 1884 he was elected Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial District, serving by reSlections imtil August, 1898, when he resigned to accept the Republican nomination for Congress in the Eleventh District. He was elected by a large majority and reelected at the close of his first term.
JABiES K. P. THOMPSON was bom near Cary, Ohio, August 21, 1845. His education was carefully guided by hit mother who was a promi-
262 HISTORY
Bent teacher. In 1857 Mr. Thompson came to Iowa, locating in CiBjUm County. He enUated as a musician in Company D, Twenty-first Iowa Yolunteers in 1862 and senred throu|^ the war, taking part in the follow- ing engagements: running the blockade at Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, Port Gibs<m, Champion's Hill, Black River Bridge, assault and siege of Vicks- barg, Mobile campaign, si^ge and assault of Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort. He was severely wounded in the assault on Vicksburg. Under the instme- tion of S. T. Woodward of Elkader he began the study of law in 1869, waa admitted to the bar, and in 1874 located in Lyon County at Bode Rap- ids, and opened the first law oflSoe in the town. He was for many yoan olosely identified with the development of northwestern Iowa and especi- ally with Lyon County, where he held many offices. He was largely in- strumental in securing the establishment of the National Military Park at Vicksburg and was a member of the Board of Directors from the be- ginning. Colonel Thompson served on the staff of Governors Larrabea, Jackson and Drake. He died at his home in Bock Rapids in January, 1903.
WILLIAM THOMPSON was bom in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, November 10, 1813. He assisted his father to clear a farm in the dense forests of Ohio and when twenty-one began to study law in the office of Columbus Delano. In 1830 he went by steamboat down the Ohio river and up the Mississippi river to Montrose in Iowa. At Mount Pleasant be opened a law office in partnership with J. C. Hall. In 1843 he waa elected to the House of the Legislative Assembly. He served as chief clerk of the two succeeding sessions. In 1846 he was secretary of the Second Constitutional Convention. In 1847 he was elected on the Democratic ticket Representative in Congress for the First District. He was a can- didate for reflection and after a warm contest was declared successful. But his election was contested by Daniel F. Miller before the House of Representatives and the seat declared vacant. Both were candidates at a special election in which Thompson was defeated. For several years he was editor of the latoa State Gazette. He was elected chief clerk of the war session of the House in 1861 by a unanimous vote. Mr. Thompson raised a company for the First Iowa Cavalry and was repeatedly pro- moted until near the close of the war when he was brevetted Brigadier- General. After the close of the war, at the request of General Custer, Mr. Thompson was appointed captain in the regular army where he served with Custer in his Indian campaigns, retiring just in time to escape the tragic fate of his gallant commander. Colonel Thompson died at Tacoma, Washington, October 7, 1807.
WILLIAM G. THOMPSON, one of the pioneer legislators of Iowa, is a native of Butler County, Pennsylvania, where he was bom January
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17, 1830. He was reared on a farm, receiving his early education in a log schoolhouse, and became a teacher. At the age of nineteen he entered the Weatherspoon Institute, remaining two years when he began the study of law, supporting himself by working for his employers. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1853 and immediately came to Iowa, locating at Marion in Linn County, which became his permanent home. He was a member of the State Convention at Iowa City in 1856 which founded the Republican party of Iowa. The same year he was chosen a member of the State Senate, serving in the Sixth and Seventh (General Assemblies. He was one of the presidential electors in 1864, and was elected District Attorney, serving six years. In 1879 he was appointed Chief Justice of Idaho Territory, and in the same year was elected to Congress from the Fifth Iowa District to fill a vacancy and was reelected for the next regu- lar term. In 1885 he was elected to the House of the Twenty-first General Assembly, serving on the committee chosen by the House of Representa- tives to prosecute the impeachment proceedings against Auditor Brown. In 1894 Judge Thompson was appointed Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial District and has been elected since to a full term.
JAMES TH0RIN6T0N was bom on the 7th of May, 1816, in Wil- mington, North Carolina. He was a graduate of the State University of Alabama, and studied law with hb father. He located at Davenport, Iowa, in 1839, where he began practice. In 1842 he was chosen mayor of the city, serving four years. He was one of the leaders in the Free Soil movement and in 1854 was nominated for Representative in Congress for the Second District by the antislavery elements of the various parties. The district embraced all of the northern half of the State and few ex- pected the Free Soil candidate to be elected. Several prominent men de- clined the nomination and it was offered to Mr. Thorington. He said, "Qentlemen, I am not anxious to take the chances, but if you choose to nominate me, I will make an aggressive canvass and shall expect to be elected." His response aroused enthusiasm, he was nominated and nuule a vigorous campaign, having for his Democratic competitor Bx-Ck>vemor Stephen Hempstead. Thorington was elected by more than 1,500 major- ity. He served two years from March, 1855, and was largely instrumental in securing to Iowa the land grants of 1856 for the aid of railroads. This most important act gave to his district three trunk lines of railroad from the Mississippi to the Missouri River. But it compassed his defeat for renomination. Delegates in the convention from counties not on the lines of the projected railroads united against him and nominated a Republican in Dubuque. Mr. Thorington was one of the leaders in the political move- ment which resulted in uniting the antislavery elements into the Republican party in 1855-6. In 1858 he was a candidate for United States Senator to succeed Qeorge W. Jones but James W. Grimes was nominated and elected.
264 HISTOBY
Mr. Thorington was appointed by the Governor agent for the State at Washington to secure title to the swamp lands embraced in the grant. In 1872 he was appointed by President Grant United States Consul to Aspinwall, where he served ten years. It has often been remarked that our State never sent a Representative to Congress who accomplished so much in a single term as this first Republican member from Iowa. He died June 12, 1889, at Santa Fe in New Mexico.
RODNEY W. TIRRILL was a native of New Hampshire, bom at Crolebrook, December 22, 1835. To a public school education was added a course in Wisconsin University, after which he studied law, and as he was to enter upon practice the Civil War began and Mr. Tirrill enlisted in Company F, Twelfth Iowa Infantry. He was in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and at the latter was so severely wounded that he was obliged to leave the service. After his recovery he was elected super- intendeDt of schools in Delaware County and in 1879 was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate, serving in the Eighteenth and Nine- teenth General Assemblies. He was the author of a bill requiring pack- ages of oleomargarine to be plainly labeled as such, and in the face ol powerful opposition secured its passage. It is believed that this was the first law of the kind enacted in the United States. Senator Tirrill served on many important committees and exercised a large degree of influence on the legislation of the two sessions during his term. In 1898 Mr. Tir- rill was Department Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic ol Iowa.
GEORGE M. TITUS is a native of Cayuga County, New York, where he was born May 19, 1855. His education was acquired in the public schools of New York and Michigan, concluding with a course at the Wilton (Iowa) Collegiate Institute. At the age of sixteen he began teaching school in Michigan. Removing to Cedar County, Iowa, he began the study of law in 1876 and was admitted to the bar in 1880, since which time he has been engaged in practice at Muscatine. He was elected to the State Senate in 1897 on the Republican ticket for the district of Muscatine and Louisa counties, serving in the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth General Assemblies. He was the author of an amendment to the Constitution of the State providing for biennial, instead of annual elections. The "Titus Amendment " received the approval of two successive General Assemblies and was adopted by the people at the election by the largest majority given any measure ever submitted to a vote of the citizens of the State. But in a case taken to the Supreme Court a decision was rendered holding it void on the ground that the clerk of the House failed to spread it upon the journal in the form required by law. The same amendment was again adopted by the Twenty-ninth General Assembly and will be brought be-
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OF IOWA 265
fore the Thirtieth. Senator Titus was the author of the bill establishing the State Library Commission. He was also the author of a bill requiring all amendments proposed to the Constitution, or other public measures to be submitted to a vote of the people, to be on a separate ballot.
LEWIS TODHUNTER was bom in Fayette County, Ohio, April 6, 1817. He received his education at the public schools of Ohio and Indi- ana. Late in life he studied law and was admitted to the bar of Ohio. In 1850 he removed to Warren County, Iowa, making his permanent home in Indianola, where he continued to practice law. He served the county several terms as auditor, treasurer and prosecuting attorney^ but his most distinguished public work was as a member of the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1857, which framed the present Constitution of the State. He was also one of the founders of the Republican party of Iowa, having been previously a Free Soil Whig. The reform with which Mr. Todhunter was most closely identified was the suppression of intemperance. His labor in this cause began in 1840 upon the organization of the Washington Society and he has been a member of nearly all of the temperance organi- zations of Iowa. He was chairman of the committee which framed the bill which became known as the Clark law. He several times canvassed the State in behalf of the cause of prohibition and his name is imperishably associated with the history of the temperance movement for more than sixty years. Although exempt by age from military service during the Civil War, he tendered his services and was appointed quartermaster of the Forty- eighth loyra Infantry in 1864, with the rank of captain, and was attached to the command of General Ord. After Mr. Todhunter retired from practice in 1890 he wrote a history of the Iowa temperance legislation. He died at Indianola, January 29, 1902.
WILLIAM M. G. TORRENCE was bom in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, on the 1st of September, 1823. After receiving an educa- tion he went to Kentucky and engaged in teaching. During this time the Mexican War began and he enlisted and was elected first lieutenant in the First Kentucky Mounted Volunteers. He participated in the Battle of Buena Vista and served until the close of the war. In 1847 he came to Iowa and located at Keokuk where he was for several years superin- tendent of the city schools. In the spring of 1861 he enlisted in Company A, First Iowa Cavalry, and in June was commissioned major of the First Battalion of that regiment. After serving several months in Missouri he resigned. In the summer of 1862, Major Torrence was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Thirtieth Infantry. He was in the ^cksburg campaign and, upon the death of Colonel Abbott was promoted to the command of the regiment. He was with Sherman's army on the march to
266 mSTOEY
Chattanooga and was shot from ambuah and instantly killed near Chero- kee Station on the 21st of October, 1862.
HORACE M. TOWNER was born at Belvedere, Illinois, October 23, 1855. He attended public school in his native town and Chicago, teaching and studying alternately, thus earning the means to enable him to study law. He was admitted to the bar in 1880 and began the practice of hia profession in Coming, Adams County, Iowa, where he had located. In 1890 he was elected on the Republican ticket judge of the Third Judicial District and at the close of the term in 1894, his renomination was en- dorsed by the Democrats and he was reelected without opposition. In 1898 he was again elected, and has been prominently supported for a seat on the Supreme bench. Judge Towner is a man of literary taste and has musical talent, being a composer of merit.
HENRY C. TRAVERSE was bom in White County, Hlinois, August 28, 1839. His father removed with his family to Monroe County, Iowa, in 1846, where the son attended the public schools. Going to Keokak he learned the printer's trade after which he taught schooL He then studied law with George W. McCrary and was admitted to the bar of Bloomfteld in 1862. He soon after enlisted in Company F, Thirtieth Iowa Volunteers, which was attached to the Fifteenth Army Corps. The regiment partici- pated in the battles of Haines Bluff, Arkansas Poet, Siege of Vldcsburg, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, besides many minor engagements. Mr. Traverse was discharged at the expiration of three years, with the rank of orderly sergeant. He returned to Bloomfield, resuming the prac- tice of law, and in 1867 was elected to the State Senate, serving in the Twelfth and Thirteenth General Assemblies. In 1879 he was again elected to the Senate, serving but one session when he was elected judge of the Second Judicial District. He held this position by reflections for fourteen years.
JAMES H. TREWIN, lawyer and legislator, was bom at Blooming- dale, Illinois, November 29, 1858. He had the usual schooling of a country boy in his youth, living on a farm and becoming self-supporting at the early age of twelve years. In 1872 he came to Chickasaw County, Iowa, where he worked on a farm and attended school, qualifying himself to teach. He attended Bradford Academy, Cedar Valley Seminary and Lenox College, and was principal of the Delaware and Farley schools several years. In 1881 Mr. Trewin entered the law office of Robinson A, Powers of Dubuque as a student and was admitted to the bar in 1882. For the practice of his profession, Mr. Trewin located at Earlville from whence he removed to Lansing in 1889. While residing in these towns he filled many positions of trust and in 1893 he was elected from Allamakee County to the House
jjJhncc K ^/i}u4n^
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of the Twentj-fifth General Aflsembly, serving as chairman of the com- mittee on municipal corporations and was prominently identified with the enacting of the mulct law. His moet important work, however, was securing the passage of the bill providing for the revision and codification of the laws which was accomplished in the Code of 1897. Two years later Mr. Trewin was elected to the Senate from the Allamakee-Fayette Dis- trict, where he became chairman of the committee on schools, and in the revision brought about many desirable changes in the school laws. He engaged actively in bringing about many reforms and the curtailment of expenses in the administration of State and municipal affairs. He secured the passage of the bill providing for the annotation and publication of the Code by the State; was chosen chairman of the joint committee of the General Assembly having charge of the publication of the Code and probably had larger influence in the production of the book of revised statutes than any other one legislator. During Senator Trewin's second term in the Senate he was chairman of the committee on cities and towns. In the Kepublican State Convention of 1901, Senator Trewin was one of the leading candidates for nomination for Governor. He removed to Cedar Rapids in 1902. He is a member of the Louisiana Purehase Exposition Commission from the Fifth District and chairman of the De- partment of Education.
HENRY H. TRIMBLE was bom in Rush County, Indiana, May 7, 1827. He was reared on a farm and for several years taught sdiool winters. He graduated at Asbury University in 1847 and went directly from college to the Mexican War, serving under Colonel James H. Lane of the Fifth Indiana Volunteers. He read law with Thomas A. Hendricks and came to Iowa in November, 1849, where he pursued his studies with Judge J. F. Kinney of the Supreme Court, at Keosauqua. He was elected county attorney, serving four years, at Bloomfield where he had located. In 1865 he was elected to the State Senate for four years. In 1868 he was nominated for Representative in Congress by the Democrats of the First District but was defeated by Samuel R. Curtis the Republican can- didate. At the beginning of the Civil War Mr. Trimble helped to raise the Third Iowa Cavalry of which he was appointed lieutenant-colonel. In 1862 while leading a charge at the Battle of Pea Ridge, he was severely wounded and in October was discharged for disability. Upon his return home he was elected judge of the Second District, serving four years. In 1865 he was the Democratic candidate for Judge of the Supreme Court but was not elected. In the Eleventh General Assembly Colonel Trimble received the votes of the Democrats for United States Senator. In 1868 Judge Trimble became president of the St. Louis k Cedar Rapids Railroad Company. In 1872 he was the Democratic candidate for Congress in the Sixth District and was defeated. In 1876 he was a delegate to the Demo-
268 HISTOBY
emtio NaiioiiAl Gouwitioii whioh iwimfnatud TiUen lor Ptesideiit. In 1878 1m mm deetod Praddent of the State Bar Anooiation. He hae long ranked among the moot eminent lawyers of the State and, had hie party heen in the majoiriiy, would have hem elevated to the hig^ust olBeial poaitioai.
MATHEW K. TRUMBULL was horn in London, England, in 1826. He emigrated to Ameriea when twenty-one and for some time tan^t idiool in Vermont. He lived for a time in Virginia hut hie outspoken opposition to slavery aroused enmity which rendered it prudent for him to remove to a free State. He oame to Iowa in 1868, studied law and began praetioe in ClariaviUe, Butler County. In 1857 he was elected to the House of the Seventh General Assembly on the Republican ticket, serving one term. When the OivO War began he raised a oompany for the ^Hilrd Inf antiy and was appointed captain. In 1802 he was promoted to lieutenant- eoloneL In the fall of 1883 he was appointed colonel of the Ninth CSavalry and at the dose of the war attained the rank of Brigadier-GeneraL la 1869 he was appointed l^ President Grant Collector of Internal Revenue which position he held for twelve years. He then removed to Chicago where most of his time was given to literary work. His book on ^ Free Trade in England ** was a standard authority on that subject He waa an able writer on sociology, theology and reform topics. He contributed regularly to the Opei^ Cotirf, the Pontm, the MonUt and other periodi- eals and magasines. He died in Chicago May 9, 1894.
JOHN Q. TUFTS was born at Aurora, Indiana, July 12, 1840. His father removed to Iowa in 1852, taking up his residence in Cedar County near Wilton. The son was educated at Cornell College, Mount Vernon. He was elected on the Republican ticket to the House of Representatives of the Twelfth General Assembly, serving three terms by reeiedions. In 1874 he was elected to Congress on the Republican tidset, serving but one term.
ASA TURNER, "missionary patriarch," was bom at Templeton, Worcester County, Massachusetts, July 11, 1799. He prepared for collie at Amherst Academy and entered Yale, taking a three years' theological course and earning the means to pay his expenses. After graduating with the degree of B. A he joined the "Illinois Association" of seven who pledged themselves to missionary preaching and the founding of a college. In 1880 Mr. Turner was sent to Quincy, Illinois, and soon occupied a lield composed of a dozen coimties, twice going as far north as the Galena lead mines. No statistics can record the manifold labors involved in this circuit; preaching, organising churches, lecturing on temperance, found- ing antislavery societies, stimulating schools and the higher education, drawing young men and women of promise to seminary and college from
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the rude frontier homes. In 1834 he explored the newly acquired " Black Hawk Purchase" for a missionary field as far up as Crow Creek in Scott County. Two years later he removed to Denmark, where he founded the first Congregational church in Iowa and was the first installed pastor of any denomination in the Territory which two years later became Iowa. Here he labored for -thirty years. He had been one of the first trustees of the Illinois College, and among the notable things in his active career was the stand he took for temperance and antislavery in both States in which he lived. In Quincy he faced mobs and rioting around the church building; and at Alton, just before the assassination of the Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, Father Turner presided at a meeting which established the first antislavery society in Illinois. Denmark was always one of the sta- tions on the Undergroimd Railroad and Rev. Asa Turner was one of the most fearless conductors on the line. When James W. Grimes was nomi- nated by the Whig party for Governor in 1854, for the first time the Whigs believed it possible to elect their candidate if he could receive the votes of the abolitionists. Grimes was known to be an uncompromising foe to slavery and was anxious to receive the support of the antislavery party. When the State Convention of that party assembled to consider the situa- tion. Father Turner was chosen president. He knew Grimes to be in full sympathy with the antislavery cause, and he had prepared resolutions to be presented to the convention, as follows:
Whereas the Nebraska Bill is the great question in National poli- tics, and
Whereas the Maine Liquor Law is the great question in State poli- tics, therefore
Resolved, That we will vote for James W. Grimes of Des Moines County for Governor.
The resolutions were adopted and the antislavery vote was given solid for Grimes at the August election. Grimes and Turner were the first public speakers in the cause of prohibition in southeastern Iowa. " Father Turner stands as the projector and leading founder of two of our oldest educational institutions, Denmark Academy and Iowa College,*' says Dr. Magoon. The last seventeen years of Father Turner's life were spent at Oskaloosa where he died in December, 1885.
JAMES M. TUTTLE was one of the most conspicuous officers among the Iowa volunteers taken from private life in the Civil War. He was bom in Summerfield, Ohio, September 24, 1823. Coming to Iowa in 1846 he located at Farmington, Van Buren County. He served six years in various offices and when the Rebellion began raised a company and was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Second Iowa Infantry. On the 6th of September, 1861, upon the promotion of Colonel Curtis, Tuttle suc- ceeded to the command of the regiment. At the Battle of Fort Donelson
270 HISTOBY
he led the Second Iowa in the thickest of the fight and it was the first to pierce the enemy's lines. This charge was one of the most brilliant feats of that great victory. At the Battle of Shiloh Colonel Tuttle commanded a brigade which fought most gallantly at the "Hornet's Nest." On the 9th of June he was promoted to Brigadier-General. In 1863 General Tuttle was nominated by the Democratic State Convention for Governor. He issued an address to the voters of the State but was defeated by Colonel Wm. M. Stone, the Bepublican candidate. He remained in tbe army until the spring of 1864, commanding a division a portion of the time. In 1866 he was the Deitiocratic candidate for Congress against General Dodge, Republican, but was defeated. In 1872 he was elected to the House of the Fourteenth General Assembly. In 1882 he became a Bepublican and was elected the following fall by that party to the Legis- lature. He died in Arizona, October 24, 1892.
VOLTAIRE P. TWOMBLY is a name that will ever stand prominant on the " roll of honor " among the heroic young soldiers of Iowa who, in the War of the Rebellion, brought imperishable renown to the "Hawkeye State." Mr. Twombly was bom near Farmington, Van Buren County, on the 21st of February, 1842, and received his education in the common schools, finally taking a course in a commercial college at Burlington in 1865. As a boy of nineteen he enlisted under the first call for volun- teers, after the firing on Fort Sumter and was mustered into the United States service as a private in Company F, Second Iowa Volunteer In- fantry, on the 27 th of May, 1861. October, 1861, young Twombly was promoted to seventh corporal and detailed as color bear.er. At the Battle of Fort Donelson, the first great Union victory, the Second Iowa was pro- nounced by Major General Halleck, to have " proved itself the bravest of the brave," and had the honor of leading the column which first entered Fort Donelson. In one of the most brilliant charges of the war the Second Iowa swept everything before its resistless charge, losing forty killed and one hundred sixty wounded. As the storm of shot and shell rained on the advancing column, Sergeant H. B. Doolittle who was bearing aloft the colors, fell pierced with three bullets; Corporal G. S. Page caught up the flag and soon fell shot through the head ; Corporal J. H. Churcher seized the trailing banner and bore it forward but he was shot through his arm ; Corporal H. E. Weaver sprang forward and held aloft the stars and stripes, but soon fell mortally wounded; then Corporal J. W. Robinson, without a moment's hesitation seized the fatal flag and waved defiance to the enemy, when he too was shot down; then Corporal Twombly caught it up and on swept the invincible Iowa regiment through a deadly storm of missiles, never stopping to fire a shot, when down went the flag again, as its youthful bearer was prostrated by a partially spent ball; the next moment he was on his feet bearing aloft the colors, as with a mighty
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rush the regiment mounted the enemy's earthworks and fired its first volley into the ranks of the terrified and panic stricken enemy. The day was won, and the " unconditional surrender " came the next day. Twombly was promoted to lieutenant for his heroic conduct on the bloody field of Donelson, having carried the colors in the terrible Battle of Shiloh. At Corinth he was severely wounded and again at Jonesboro, in August, 1864. In June he was promoted to adjutant of the regiment and in November he became captain of Company K and in 1865 was acting Inspector- General in the Fifteenth Aimy Corps. He was in Sherman's "march to the sea" and was at the final surrender of the Confederate army under General Joseph E. Johnston, which substantially ended the war. He was at the "Grand Review" of the Union armies at Washington, D. C, on the 24th of May, 1865, and was mustered out on the 12th of July, 1866. In 1880 he was elected treasurer of Van Buren County and at the doee of his second term was nominated by the Republican State Convention for State Treasurer and elected, serving by reflections, three terms, to 1891.
NATHAN UDELL was bom in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, February 18, 1817. He was educated for a physician and removed to Appa- noose County, Iowa, in 1849, where he practiced his profession. He was elected to the Senate of the Fifth General Assembly in 1854. He was again a member of the Senate in the Eighth and Ninth General Assemblies, serving in the regular and extra sessions. During the Civil War he was surgeon of the Seventh Infantry for several months. In 1863 Dr. Udell was for the third time elected to the Senate, serving in the Tenth and Eleventh General Assemblies. He died in Denver on the 11th of April, 1903.
THOMAS UPDEGRAFF was bom in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, on the 3d of April, 1834. He received an academic education, removed to Iowa, locating in Clayton County, where he was appointed clerk of the District Court in 1856, holding the position for four years. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and entered upon the practice of his pro- fession at McGregor in 1861. In 1877 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the House of the Seventeenth G^eneral Assembly, serving one term. In 1878 he was nominated for Representative in Congress in the Fourth District and elected. In 1880 he was reelected, serving four years. In 1882 he was again the candidate of the Republican party but was defeated by L. H. Weller, fusion candidate. In 1892 Mr. Updegraff was again elected to Congress and reelected in 1894 and 1896.
WILLIAM VANDEVER was bom in Baltimore, Maryland, March 31, 1817. He was educated in the schools of Philadelphia. In 1839 he went to Rock Island where he engaged in surveying public lands. For several
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272 mSTOBY
jeuB h% was editor of ilio Varthwatmn Ad/verUter, In 1861 he remored to Dolraqiie and wM employed in the oAee of the Snnrqror-GeiieraL He afterwards became a partner of Ben IL Samnela in the practice of law. In 1856 he was a delegate to the oonfention which organind the Bepnbli- can party of Iowa. In 1868 he was nominated for Bepresentative in Oongreas in the Second District and eleeted over his former law partner* B. IC. Samuels. He was reUeeted in 1860 bat resigned his seat in 1801 to enter the ndlitaxy service and was appointed colonel of the IHnth lown Infantry. Mir- Vandever commanded a brigade at the Battle of Pea Bidge and won promotion to Brigadier-Genval. He served through the wmr with distinction in the armies of Grant and Sherman and was brevetted MaJor-GeneraL Some years after the dose of the war he removed to Oalifdmia where he was again elected to Congress. He died on the 23d of July, 1803.
QEOBOB VAN HOBNE, Journalist and lecturer, was bom in Massa- chusetts, October 12, 1838. After a thorough academic education he be- gan the study of law, and came to Iowa in 1866, locating at Muscatine where he entered into partnership with D. C. Cloud in the practice of his profession. Upon the election of Abraham Lincoln President, he ap- pointed Mr. Van Home consul to Marseilles, France^ where he served until 1866. In 1870 he established the MuaoaUne Tribune. He entered the lee- tore ileld in which he was engaged for some time; and for several yean was an editorial writer on the Muscatine Journal. When the Daily News was establiBhed, Mr. Van Home became the editor in chief. In 1880 the Tribune and News were consolidated under the editorial management of Mr. Van Home. In 1803 he was appointed postmaster of Muscatine, re- taining his management of the paper. He was a student and an accom- plished writer; among his productions were ''Storied Scenes in Europe/' "Old London Town," "Picturesque Prance," "Men and Women I Have Seen," and " Parmer Whitney's Letters." Mr. Van Home died in Muscatine Pebruary 8, 1806.
PRANCIS VAR6A, a Hungarian noble and patriot of the Revolu- tion of 1840, was for more than fifty years a resident and citizen of Iowa. When the Hungarian provisional government under Louis Kossuth was established Mr. Varga was Judge Advocate-General, serving until that government was overthrown by the combined armies of Austria and Rus- sia. Then he with other patriots came to America and forty of them imder the lead of Louis TJjhazy, a distinguished officer under Kossuth, came to Iowa and founded a colony in Decatur County which was named New Buda. Other Hungarian patriots who were compelled to leave their own country joined the colony and became citizens of Iowa. Here Mr. Varga and his companions made their permanent home and took a deep
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interest in the freedom of a republican government which welcomed them as citizens. When the Civil War came they were a unit in support of the Government which wiped out the blot of slavery. Mr. Varga and many of the Hungarian patriots joined the Union army and again fought for freedom. He held many official positions in his new home and was a great admirer of the American Government. He had been admitted to the bar in Hungary in 1840 and practiced his profession for siziy-one years. He died at Leon on the 5th of April, 1902.
PHILIP VIELE was bom in Pittstown, New York, on the 10th of September, 1799. He graduated at Union College and studied law. An eloquent public speaker he became famous as the "boy orator" in the Jackson campaign. In 1837 he emigrated to the " Black Hawk Purchase," making the long journey by stage coach and river steamer. He located at Fort Madison which became his permanent home. In 1840 he left the Democratic party and took the stump for General Harrison for President. He was chosen probate judge in 1846, serving six years and in 1852 was nominated by the Whigs for Representative in Congress and made a vigor- ous campaign but was defeated by Bemhart Henn, Democrat. He was a delegate in 1856 to the convention which organized the Republican party of Iowa and presided over its deliberations. In his opening address he suggested the policy which was adopted by the new party. In 1859 he was chosen a member of the State Board of Education and served two years.
HENRY VOLLMER was bom in Davenport, Iowa, in 1867. He re- ceived his education in that city, the Iowa State University and George- town University at Washington, D. C. He took a thorough law course, was admitted to the bar and began practice in Davenport. He early de- veloped a talent for public speaking which brought him into prominence as one of the young leaders of the Democratic party. In 1893 he was first chosen mayor of Davenport and at once applied himself to the in- auguration of municipal reforms. He was the youngest mayor in a city of the first class in the United States. He was three times reelected and secured ifie erection of a fine city hall without an increase of taxation. In 1893 he was chosen president of the Democratic State Convention and delivered an address which for eloquence and ability gave him more than a State-wide reputation as a public speaker. He was one of the leaders of what is termed the sound money wing of the Democratic party of Iowa in the presidential campaign of 1896.
CHARLES WACHSMUTH, crinoid specialist, was bom in Hanover, Germany, September 13, 1829. From early youth his health was delicate and at the age of sixteen he was obliged to abandon study. In 1852 he
[Vol. 4]
274 HISTOBY
came to America as agent of a Hamburg shipping house. As the climate of New York did not agree with him, he came to Iowa, locating at Bur- lington. His frail health compelled him to lead an out of door life and he began to collect fossils as a pastime. He gave much time to an examin- ation of the quarries and ravines in that locality and in a few years his collection of crinoids had " reached such dimensions as to attract atten- tion of eastern scientists. Professor Louis Agassiz came to see it, and Meek and Worthen asked the loan of specimens for description in the Geological Reports of Illinois." In 1865 he visited Cambridge, studying the collec- tions of the Museum of Comparative ZoOlogy. Extending his travels he visited the great museums of Europe and collected specimens. Upon reaching England he found that the fame of his Burlington collection had preceded him. Returning to his home he determined to give the remainder of his life to the study and collection of crinoids. In 1873 Professor Agassiz paid Mr. Wachsmuth a second visit, the result of which was the transfer of the collection to Cambridge and the appointment of Mr. Wach- smuth as assistant in the Museum of Comparative ZoOlogy. He was in- duced to publish the results of his observations. The position whidi he held until Agassiz's death gave him ample opportunities to become ac- quainted with the literature on crinoids and here was laid the foundation of a classification which divides all Paleozoic crinoids into three primary groups. These groups were sketched out in 1877 in a paper on " The Internal and External Structure of Paleozoic Crinoids." In 1874, after a second trip abroad, he returned to Burlington and in a few years made up a new collection much superior to the first. Becoming acquainted witii Frank Springer, the two worked, studied and wrote together, and in 1878 the results of their researches were published under joint authorship. The work is mainly directed to the morphology of crinoids with a view to classification and was published as a monograph of the Museum of Com- parative ZoQlogy. Mr. Wachsmuth was a Fellow of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science, the Grcological Society of America, Davenport Academy of Sciences and a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. He died on February 7, 1896. He left un- finished his " Monograph on Fossil Crinoids." Of the collections and publi- cations of Messrs. Wachsmuth and Springer, Dr. Charles R. Keyes says: {Annnls of Iowa, Vol. Ill)
" So valuable has it become that a fire proof building has been erected to contain it. So famous has it become that it and its modest owners are perhaps better known in all the centers of learning and culture in this country and in the old world, than in the city that claims them as resi- dents. . . . The State may well be proud of this great achievement. The entire work may be regarded as essentially an Iowa production. . . . Almost all of the material upon which it is based was obtained within the borders of the State. Both the authors were Iowa men. . . All the work was done in the State, at Burlington."
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MARTIN J. WADE wag born in Burlington, Vermont, on the 20th of October, 1861. He came to Iowa in 1870 and received his education in the common schools, at St. Joseph's College at Dubuque and in the Iowa State University. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1880. In 1802 a professor in the Law Department of the State University and since the latter date has been a lecturer in the same department, and since 1807 has been lecturer in the Medical Department. In 1880-00 he was president of the State Bar Association; and has been president of the Iowa City Public Library since its organization in 1807. In 1803 Mr. Wade was elected judge of the Eighth Judicial District, serving until 1002 when he was elected Representative in Congress for the Second District on the Democratic ticket.
JOHN L. WATTE, journalist, was bom in Ravenna, Ohio, August 20, 1840. He was educated in the public schools of his native place and at- tended business college at Chicago. For twelve years he was a telegraph operator; and later was one of the projectors of the Burlington & Missouri Railroad telegraph line which he helped to construct, and of which he be- came superintendent. In 1860 he became identified with the BurUngton Hoiokeye, first as city editor and in 1874 became associate editor. In 1877 he was promoted to managing editor and in 1881 he was appointed postmaster of Burlington. At the close of his term he became editor in chief and general manager of the Hawkeye which, imder his direction, has wielded wide influence among the Republican journals of Iowa. In 1808 Mr. Waite was again appointed postmaster of Burlington retaining the management of the Eawheye,
GEORGE W. WAKEFIELD was bom November 22, 1830, at De Witt, Illinois, and was educated in the common schools and at Lombard College. When the Civil War began he enlisted in Company F, Forty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, serving three years. After the close of the war Mr. Wakefield was engaged in farming and teaching. Finally studying law he was admitted to the bar in Illinois in 1868. The same year he came to Iowa, locating at Sioux City, where he entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1870 he was elected auditor of Woodbury County, which position he held four years. In 1885 he was elected judge of the Circuit Court of the Fourth Judicial District, serving two years, and in 1887 was chosen Judge of the District Court which position he has held up to the year 1003. Judge Wakefield has been one of the promoters of the Sioux City public library, serving as president of the board of trustees from 1802 to 1003.
MADISON M. WALDEN, seventh Lieutenant-Governor of Iowa, was born in Ohio, in 1837. He received a good education and came to Iowa in
276 HISTOBT
1858, locating at CenteiTiUe in AppanooM Coanty. He was a printer and lor a long time the able editor of the CenterviUe CitiMen, a Bepubliean W9Mj of wide influence. When the War of the Bdwllion began Mr. Wal- den raised a companj for the Sixth Infantry Begiment and was oommis- sioned captain. In December, 1802, he resigned and in 1863 recruited a company for the Eighth Cavaliy. He was taken prisoner in an engagement at Newnan, Georgia, in July, 1864. Mr. Walden was an excellent officer and remained in the senrioe until near the close of the war when he re- turned to his home at Centenrille. In 1866 he was a member of the Hovse of the Eleventh General Assembly and at the close of his term was elected to the Senate for four years. But after serving one session he was nomi- nated by the Republican State Convention for Lieutenant-Governor and elected. Before the expiration of his term he was nominated for Repre- sentative in Congress by the Republicans of the Fourth District and elected. In 1890 he was again a member of the Legislature from Appa- noose County. Soon after the close of the session he received an appoint- ment in the Treasury Department at Washington and removed to that dty where he died on the 24th of July, 1892. Governor Walden waa an able editor, a graceful writer, an influential legislator and an accompliahed presiding officer.
WILLIAM W. WALKER, one of the pioneer railroad builders of Iowa, was bom in Cooperstown, New York, in 1834, receiving the educa- tion of dvil engineers. He came to Iowa in 1866 and was soon chosen chief engineer of the Chicago, Iowa k Nebraska Railroad Company with charge of the location of the trunk line of what is now the Chicago & North- western Railroad from Clinton to Council Bluffs. After the completion of that line he was one of the leading promoters and chief engineer of the Sioux City & Pacific and Elkhom Valley railroads. He was an active member of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railroad Company, and for many years its superintendent. He was afterwards engaged in building railroads in Missouri and Arizona. Mr. Walker was the first president of the First National Bank of Cedar Rapids and was for many years one of the proprietors of the Cedar Rapids Republican. His life was one of great usefulness and he will long be remembered as one of the pioneer railroad builders of the State. He died in Chicago on the 22d of September, 1893.
JOHN H. WALLACE was bom on August 16th, 1822, and was reared on a farm in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. He was educated in the common schools and at Frankfort Springs Academy. Though natur- ally an eager student, his health was so delicate that he determined to seek an outdoor life rather than one of study, and in 1845 he removed to Muscatine, Iowa, locating on a farm near the city. He became an active
H. WALLACE
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member of the State Agricultural Society and in 1866 was elected secre- tary and for six years was the chief official in the management of the State Fairs. He was frequently called upon for information relating to pedigrees of domestic animals and the need of an authority on the pedi- grees of horses was constantly forced upon his attention. There were herd books for the registration of cattle in those days, but no stud book where the pedigrees of any breed of horses could be found recorded. In 1866 Mr. Wallace began collecting information with the ultimate purpose nl publishing a stud book of thoroughbred horses. The thoroughbred, or British racehorse, was then here, as in England, the only horse of litera- ture, thou£^ the Morgans and the fast trotting horses had begun to attract attention. From the files of the oldest American sporting journals containing the records of racing and from old turfmen and breeders and from other sources of information Mr. Wallace gleaned a great mass of pedigrees, which he published in 1867 in " Wallace's American Stud Book." While compiling the thoroughbred pedigrees Mr. Wallace gathered such in- formation as he found about the breeding and records of trotting horses, and these he arranged jis a supplement to his work on the nmning horse. This supplement contained all horses that have trotted in public in 2.40 or better and many of their progenitors and descendants with all that is known of their blood. It was a very meager work covering considerably less than one hundred pages and containing in many instances only the names, color and record of the horse registered. That the editor was pretty well satisfied with it is indicated by a sentence in the introduction: " It is believed that this compilation of trotting horses, embracing more than seven hundred animals, is very nearly perfect, but it is not claimed to be en- tirely so." Meager and imperfect as it is now known to have been, this trotting supplement was more used and appreciated than was the main stud book, and soon after its publication Mr. Wallace turned his undivided attention to this new field — the history and literature of the American trotting horse. The first volume of " Wallace's American Trotting Regis- ter " was published in 1871. It represented years of untiring labor, travel through all parts of the United States and personal investigation of hun- dreds of important pedigrees which before had been altogether unknown, or in hopeless confusion. The second volume was published in 1874 and in 1875 Mr. Wallace removed to New York City, where he established Wallace's Monthly, a magazine devoted to the trotting horse. Later he published ''Wallace's Year Book," a statistical work containing reports of all races trotted or paced in the United States and Canada, together with elaborate tables of pedigrees and records designed to bring out the relative merits of the different families of trotting horses. Mr. Wallace continued the publication of the Register, the Monthly and the Tear Book until 1891, when a controversy between him and several wealthy and influential breeders, concerning the pedigree of the famous trotting mare Sunol,
278 HIBTOBY
2a06 M led to » ruptm% wblch ended in the eale of the ynbHeetioM to the AflMriean Trotting Bigiefeer AiMWwiatlmn» > IwnifaBii eorponition located «t Ohiengo^ lor eboat (ISO^OOO. Nine Toliimea of the Trotting B^gitimr, ■Ix vohmiee of the Fmt Book and ftttten. yolnnifla of the MotUhig wmo pnUiahed under the direetion of Mr. Wallaee before he relinqaiahed eontrol and tfaeee irarke oontain more than all others ooaeemlng the hietorj off the trottiqg horM. In 1897 Mr. WaUaoe published his latest work ''Tha Horse of Awierica,** whUHt maj be said to oontain the oream of all tha earlier pubUeatioos. Mr. Wallaoe's inflnenoft upon the horse breeding in- terests of the United States was incalculable. Possessed of untiring im- dnstry, sterling integrity, ability not approadied by any other man of his day, or of any day, in his diosen Held of labor, and with courage enoni^ to etand his ground against the whole world when he believed he was li^i, ha aeoompUshed what perhaps no one else could haye done in ascertaining mad putting on record the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth about the blood elements of a new breed of horses, now recogni»d as tho most valuable the world has ever known. He not only performed » hsroa* lean task in tradog out the inheritance of the trotting horse, but his da* dnetioiis from the statistics of turf and stud guided to » great eoctcnt the breeding of trotting horses throughout the countiy. It has been said of Mr. Wallace that he was more of a scientist than a horseman. Hie eaied little lor whrnt may be termed the practical side of horsemaadiip and raeing. ISU taste and talent were almost wholly for the historieal and sdentiflc phases of the subject He was » most uncompromisin|^ opponent of betting in all forms and had many bitter enemies among horse owners and track owners owing to his unceasing warfare against pool- selling. He would not go as far as from his New York office at Broadwaj and Fulton streets, to Fleetwood Park, to see an ordinary race, but would spend wedcs, months and sometimes even years in tracing the inheritance of some obscure trotter that had gained a record of 2:30 or better in that race. His whole interest and labor were in tracing and classifying pedi- grees and records and drawing from the statistics so collected and daaai- fled deductions as to the sources of speed, the laws of heredity and the way to improve the breed of trotting horses.
FITZ HENKY WARREN was one of the most brilliant and versatile of the notable men of Iowa. He was a native of New England, having been bom in Brimfield, Massachusetts, January 11, 1816. He received a liberal education and first engaged in business as a merchant. In August, 1844, he removed to Iowa Territory and located at Burlington where he en- gaged in milling. He took a deep interest in politics from boyhood and was an active Whig. It is believed that he was the first to propose the nomination of General Zachary Taylor for President and he was a delegate to the National Whig Convention in 1848 which nominated the hero of Buena Vista. Soon after the inauguration of President Taylor, Fita
OF IOWA 279
Henry Warren was appointed First Assistant Postmaster G^eral. After the death of the President and the accession of Millard Fillmore, who approved the fugitive slave law, Warren resigned in disgust at the sub- serviency of the new President to the slave power. Through the influence of the antislaveiy Whigs Mr. Warren was made secretary of the National Executive Ck)mmittee. In the long senatorial contest before the Fifth Gen- eral Assembly in 1855, Mr. Warren was one of the prominent candidates but James Harlan was Anally chosen. Mr. Warren was chairman of the Des Moines Ck)unty delegation to the convention of 1856 which organized the Republican party and was one of the delegates to the National Conven- tion which nominated General Fremont for President. He was one of the most brilliant political writers in the State and a frequent contributor to the editorial columns of the Burlingion Hawkey e. In 1861 he was one of the chief editorial writers on the "Sew York Tribune and the author of the famous " On to Richmond " articles. He returned to Iowa and helped to raise the First Iowa Cavalry of which he was appointed colonel. In 1862 he was promoted to Brigadier-General with a command in the army under General Samuel R. Curtis, in Missouri. In 1863 General Warren was the leading candidate before the Republican State Convention for Gover- nor, but by a combination of the supporters of other candidates, Warren was defeated. Before the close of the war he was brevetted Major-General. In 1866 he was elected to the State Senate and after serving one session was appointed by the President, Minister to Guatemala where he served two years. He died at Brimfield, Massachusetts, in Jime, 1878. Judge Francis Springer said of this brilliant man:
"General Warren was one of the keenest and most incisive writers, the most scholarly of our statesmen and one of the best men we ever had in the State."
CHARLES M. WATERMAN was bom in Frankfort, Kentucky, on the 5th of January, 1847. His education was acquired in the public schools and in a private academy. He came to Iowa in 1854 and studied law. The first office he held was that of city attorney of Davenport. In 1877 he was chosen one of the Representatives in the House of the Seventeenth General Assembly on the Republican ticket. On the 28th of June, 1887, he was appointed by Governor Larrabee to fill a vacancy in the office of judge of the Seventh Judicial District caused by the death of Judge John H. Rogers. He was elected for a full term in November of that year and reelected in 1890 and 1894. In the summer of 1897 he received the nomi- nation at the Republican State Convention for judge of the Supreme Court and was elected in November, taking his place on the bench the 1st of January, 1898.
JAMES B. WEAVER was bom in Dayton, Ohio, June 12. 1833. He graduated at the Law School of the Ohio University at Cincinnati in 1864.
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Hit fKUMr TCBMmd wlttt Ms fiod^ to Mldd^ui and from tiura to lom la 1849» loeatliig In Dftvlt OooBtgr. Hm the Mm bi^gui ths ptmetlM of law at WlftwiHnM wlun ha ivaa ako tlie editor of a wmkkj paper for » few yaan bafm fhe CMl War. He enliitod eooa after the opening of the BebdUoBy in CompaBj 0> Beoond Iowa Infeiitrj, and was eowiBieriiiaed flrefc Heatenawt. Mr. Weaker was in the battke of Fort DoneleoB and fihiloh and was promoted to major of tlie regiment for gallant eondnet. fioon after the Battle of CMntli he was promoted to eolonel and remaiiied in emnmand of the rq;iment nntil ito term of eenriee ei^ired. He waa hre?etted Brigadier^General in ICarch, 1864. In 1866 he was one of the prominent oandidatee for the nomination for Ltetttenant-GorenMr in the Bepnbliean Stoto Conrention, reoeiTing next to the highest vote. In 1866 ha was elected District Attcnrnsy in the Second Judicial District, senring four years. In 1867 he was appointed by President Jdmson, Amessor of Internal Bevenue for the first District, serving six jears. In 1876 he waa a candidate before the Bepublican Stete Convention for Gtovemor. He reoeived strong support and on the morning of the convention it waa generality oonoeded that he woold be nominated. He was an active and outspoken advocate of prohibition and the rigid enforcement of the pro- hibitory liquor law, wliich aroused the bitter oppoeition of the license men. They saw that he was about to be nominated and secretly organined * movement to bring out the name of Samuel J. Kirkwood the ** old war Governor "^ as the only way to deftet General Weaver. The Ex-Govemor was not present and when communicated with declined to be made a candidate. But the license men were not to be turned from their course and in a dramatic manner presented the Governor's name in an adroit speech and in a prearranged plan had tremendous cheering started for Governor Kirkwood which swept the convention and thus the nomination was at the last moment diverted from General Weaver. Soon after he left the Republican party and became one of the leaders of the National, or better known as the "Greenback'' party. In 1878 he was nominated by the new party for Representative in Congress in the Sixth District and after a warm campaign was elected over the Republican candidate. In 1880 he was nominated by the National Convention of the new party for President of the United Stetes. He received about 350,000 votes. In 1884 General Weaver was again elected to Congress from the Sixth District and reelected in 1886 by a coalition of the opposition to the Republican candidate. In 1892 General Weaver was again nominated for President, thid time by the People's parly. At the election he received 1,042,531 votes and twenty-two electoral votes. General Weaver has for many years given most of his time to the advocacy of his political views and has long been one of the ablest among the national speakers and managers of his party.
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SILAS M. WEAVER was born in ChauUuqua County, New York, on the 18th of December, 1846. He was reared on a farm and received his education in the public schools of that county and at the Fredonia Acad- emy. He taught school several winters, spending the summers in reading law until he was admitted to the bar at Buffalo, in 1868. The same year he came to Iowa, locating at Iowa Falls where he began practice. In 1883 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the Twenti- eth General Assembly. He was chairman of the judiciary committee and at the close of the first term was reelected to the Twenty-first General Assembly. It was in the Legislature of 1886 that an attempt was made to impeach and remove from office the Auditor of State, J. L. Brown. Mr. Weaver was chosen by the House, chairman of the board of managers to conduct the prosecution of the trial before the Senate. In 1886 he was elected judge of the Eleventh Judicial District and has been repeatedly reelected, serving in that position for fifteen years. In 1891, he was nom- inated by the Republican State Convention for Judge of the Supreme Court but for the first time since the organization of the party, the entire Republican ticket was defeated. In 1891 Judge Weaver was again nom- inated for a seat on the Supreme bench and elected.
ANDONIJAH S. WELCH was bom April 12, 1821, at Chatham, Con- necticut, and received his early education in the schools of that place. He removed to Michigan and entered the State University at Ann Arbor from which he graduated. His first inclination was to become a lawyer; he entered upon the study and was admitted to the bar. But after a few years began what proved to be his life work, teaching. He was chosen principal of the first union school in Michigan and soon developed such ability in that work that he was elected president of the State Normal School of Michigan. Here, for fifteen years, he labored with such marked success that he ranked among the most progressive and resourceful educa- tors of the west. After continual work in that position his health gave way and he went to Florida for a season of rest. While residing there he was elected to the United States Senate, in the process of reconstructing the government of that State and its restoration to its place in the Union, in 1868. While holding this position he had been so strongly recommended by the leading educators of Michigan for the presidency of the Iowa Agricultural College that the chairman of the special committee on organi- zation of that institution became convinced that he was the man for the place. After extended investigation, he so reported to the Board of Trus- tees and was by them authorized to tender the position to Mr. Welch. He accepted upon condition that he be allowed to serve in the Senate until the 4th of March, 1869, and enter upon the duties of his new position soon thereafter. He visited the college in September, 1868, had a long conference with the trustees, presented to them his plan of organization and course of study and helped to inaugurate the prelimi-
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nary and preparatory session. He returned to Washington and resumed his seat in the Senate. The Republicans of Florida, who had a major- ity in the Legislature, proposed to elect Mr. Welch to the long term in the Senate but he declined the position, preferring the presidencT^ of the Iowa College. There for fifteen years, he labored most succeasfullyy to build up that institution into one of the most successful scientific and industrial colleges in the west. He possessed a remarkable power of organization and was largely instrumental in working out the many diffi- cult problems of the new system of education then in its infancy. He was an enthusiastic advocate of coeducation and demonstrated its practi- cability and advantages in the college under his supervision. Under hia wise direction the foundation was laid in the formative years for the great educational institution which has grown up. In 1877 the United States Commissioner of Technological and Industrial Schools, visited the Agricul- tural College and, after a thorough investigation of its plans and work, said to President Welch: *'You have here the best institution of its kind in the United States." President Welch was one of the most accom- plished and powerful public speakers in the west and was in constant de- mand for addresses before educational and industrial organizations through- out the coimtry. He was long regarded as the highest authority on indus- trial education in the United States and was the author of several valuable school text books. In 1882 he was sent by the Department of Agriculture on a mission to Europe to examine and report upon industrial and scientific schools of the old world. His report was one of great value and widely sought for. Dr. Welch died in Pasadena, California, on the 14th of March, 1889. His funeral was held at the college, on the 21st, and was attended by the Governor and other State officers.
MARY BEAUMONT WELCH, a native of the State of New York, was bom at Lyons, in Wayne County, on the 3d of July, 1841. She re- ceived an education at Elmira Seminary and for several years was a teacher. Her first husband was George E. Dudley to whom she was mar- ried in 1858. After his death she married A. S. Welch of Michigran in 1868. She came with him to Iowa upon his election as president of the State Agricultural College, and at once became his most faithful and efficient helper in the varied duties devolving upon him in the organiza- tion of the new college. Her infiuence with the girls was unbounded from the beginning. As the first professor and organizer of the new department of Domestic Economy, she carried on a work that required a high order of inventive and executive ability and filled the position with such marked success as to win for it a high place in the experimental college achieve- ments. She was frequently called upon for lectures in the line of her work and helped to elevate that branch of home accomplishments in public estimation. She aroused among her students much of her own enthusiasm over home making and all improved methods of conducting household
MRS. HART B. WELCH
OF IOWA 283
affairs on a higher plane. Mrs. Welch was an ardent advocate of equal suffrage and was one of the officers of the State Association. After the death of President Welch she removed to California.
LUMAN H. WELLER was horn at Bridgewater, Connecticut, August 24, 1833. He received a liberal education at academies and the State Normal School. In 1869 he removed to Iowa, locating on a farm in Chickasaw Coimty. He read law after his day's work in the field until 1868 when he was admitted to the bar. In 1867 he was an independent candidate for a seat in the Legislature but was not successful. He was an independent candidate for State Senator at the elections of 1869 and 1877 but was not elected. In 1878 he was a candidate for Congress but was defeated. In 1883 he was nominated for Congress by the National party, made a vigorous campaign and was elected. Mr. Weller served through the Forty-eighth Congress. He became a prominent member of the Populist party and refused to affiliate with the Democrats.
D. FRANKLIN WELLS was bom in Oneida County, New York, June 22, 1830. His early education was acquired in the common schools and later he graduated from the State Normal School at Albany. In 1863 he came to Muscatine, Iowa, where he was chosen principal of one of the city schools. In 1866 he was placed in charge of the Normal Department of the State University, serving in that capacity for ten years. In 1867 he was appointed by the Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Oran Faville, and at the following general election was chosen for a full term. He died in Novem- ber, 1868, in the thirty-ninth year of his age. Heniy Sabin pronounced Professor Wells the recognised leader of the educational forces of the State at the period when he was thus actively engaged in the work, and adds that he literally gave his life to the cause.
CLARK R. WEVER was born at Hornsfleld, New York, September 16, 1836, where he grew to manhood. Soon after he became of age he made an extensive journey through Texas and Mexico. In 1868 he came to Iowa, locating at Burlington. When the Civil War began he assisted in raising Company D, Seventeenth Iowa Volunteers and was commis- sioned captain. He made an excellent officer, serving in several general engagements with marked ability. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in October, 1862, and upon the resignation of Hillis in 1863 became colonel of the regiment. He commanded it in the Chattanooga campaign and was with Sherman's march and battles through the Gulf States. He was in command of a brigade at Resaca when General Hood's army approached and demanded the surrender of the post. With greatly inferior numbers Wever determined to hold it at all hazards. In reply to Hood's demand, Wever responded: ''In my opinion I can hold this post; if you want it.
284 mSTOBT
and takit it." Thm attMk bi^gui with gnat fory, but W«v«r nade a MUlant dataMw until rtinloreaMBia reli«v«d the iMrole eomnMuidar and his little garriaoii. Ooloiiel Wefw oommamtod a Iwigada throng Shar* man's great oainpatgn. He was brevetted Brlgadler-GeBeral in reeognltion of his brilliant senriees.
LQRINO WHESLBR was one of the first lawmakers who repreienteii Iowa in a kgislati^e body. He was bom in Westmoreland County, New Hampahirs^ Jnly 16, 1799. ISU earty education was aoq[uired in the eom- moB sdiools. In 1929 he eame to Qakna, Illinois, and engaged in lead mining. He enlisted in the army raised to proeecute the Blaek Hawic War and aerved under General Henry Dodge. After the war he located at Dubuque and was appointed by the Gofemor of Michigan Territoiy Chief Justice of Dubuque Ckranty, whidi was tiien in that jurisdiotioii. When the Territory of Wisconsin was created Mr. Wheeler was elected a member of the House of the Ilrst LegislatiYe Assembly from Dubuque Ckmnty which then embraced half of the present State of Iowa as well as a portion of Minnesota. He also served as a mem- ber of the Second Legislative Assembly of Iowa in 1839-40. In 1841 he removed to De Witt, in Clinton Ckmnty and, after Iowa became a State Mr. Wheeler was elected to the Senate of the First General Assemb^, repreeenting Scott and Clinton counties, where he served four yean. He was a Whig in politics until 1866 when he helped to organise the Be- publican party, with which he was affiliated until his death. He had been a prominent official and citizen of Michigan, Wisconsin and' Iowa when they were Territories and was an intimate friend of George Catlin the famous historian and portrait painter of notable Indians of those times. Mr. Wheeler's portrait was painted by Catlin when he was about thirty years of age and that was probably the only portrait of an Iowa man ever painted by that noted artist and author. Mr. Wheeler died at De Witt on the 26th of January, 1889, at nearly ninety years of age.
CHARLES A. WHITE, geologist and author, was bom at North Dighton, Massachusetts, January 26] 1826. He came to Iowa in Decem- ber, 1838, the year Iowa was organized into a Territory, stopping first at Burlington. He received the degree of M. D. from Rush Medical College in 1863 and the degree of A.M. from Iowa College at Grinnell in 1866. He was made State G^logist of Iowa in 1866 by act of the Legislature, working in that field until 1869, publishing his report in two columns. He was chosen Professor of Natural Histoiy in the State University of Iowa in . 1867, serving until 1873, when he was elected to the same position in Bowdoin College where he remained two years, when he received the ap- pointment of Paleontologist to the Geological and G^graphical Surveys, in charge of Lieutenant Geo. M. Wheeler. In 1875 he was G^logist and Paleontologist to the United States Survey of the Territories, in charge
FRED E. ■WHITE
OP IOWA 285
of Major J. W. Powell. From 1876 to 1870 he was holding the same position in the Geological Survey of the Territories, under Dr. F. V. Hay- den. He served as curator in charge of the Paleontological Collections of the United States National Museum at Washington from 1870 to 1882 and was detailed to act as chief of the Artesian Wells Commission in 1881» under the auspices of the Department of Agriculture. He was G^eologist and Paleontologist of the United States Geological Survey from 1883 to 1802. In December, 1800, he was elected foreign member of the Geological Society of London. During this period Dr. White published by the Smithsonian Institution a large number of scientific works in his specialties.
FREDERICK E. WHITE was bom in Prussia, in 1844. He came to America with his mother in 1857« making his home on a farm in Keokuk County. At the beginning of the War of the Rebellicm he enlisted in the Eighth Infantry but was rejected on account of being under eighteen. In February, 1862, he again enlisted, this time in the Thirteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, serving until the close of the war. In 1800 he was nominated by the Democrats of the Sixth District for Rep- resentative in Congress and elected over John F. Lacey, Republican. He served but one term, being defeated in 1802 for rei;Iection by his former competitor. He was the Democratic candidate for Governor in 1807 and again in 1800 but was defeated by L. M. Shaw the Republican candi- date.
CHARLES E. WHITING was born in Otsego County, New York, on the 17th of January, 1821. He received a liberal education and was reared on a farm. At twenty-two years of age he went to Alabama and became a merchant. In 1850 he joined the gold seekers in a trip to Cali- fornia where he remained until 1853. In 1855 he came to Iowa, locating in Monona County, where he acquired a farm of more than 7,000 acres. He began the planting of trees, raising black walnut from the nuts and was very successful. He also planted other varieties, including fruit trees, doing a large amount of intelligent experimental work in tree culture and giving the results of his labors in this line to the public through the State Horticultural Society and its publications. He was a close observer and contributed a large amount of valuable information for the benefit of Iowa and prairie farmers and western horticulturists. His farm beside being one of the largest in the State, was one of the best managed and was an enduring object lesson to other farmers. He was many times nom- inated by the Democratic party, of which he was a lifelong member, for public offices. He was one of the early trustees of the State Agricultural College and a valuable member of the board. He was elected to the State Senate in 1883, serving four years. In 1885 he was nominated by his party for Governor but was not elected. Mr. Whiting served six years as
:if:
I
jpoBlgw diUdnn. Ib 1849 h« euM to Iowa, stopping at MineatfiMi. In 1880 h« Joiaed the wydttion Mot to «taUldi IWt IMgt on the Jtfptr Dm Moinm BiYsr. H» was nitkr of tfao pott valll it was abaadoaid hf fha troopa iHien ho purdiaaed the gromd lor a eonq^aaif of whidi ho with Bovhart Hana aad othora ware membera* Thej laid out the towa of Fort IMga aad eeciired the eatabliahmwt of a Uaited Stotea Lead OOee thara. Wat manjr Teara Major WiUiama dewoted hia anargifla to boildiag op tha town he had ftmaded aad of iMA ho waa tiia 8rst permanent eettler. Whea the Slouz Indiaaa threateaed hoatilitiea ia aorthera Iowa, after the va- nofal of the troope. Major Wilttama was aathoriaed hj Goreracff Grimaa to take sodi action as waa neeesisry to protect the frontier. Under tliis avthority he organind a little army of three eompanies Immediately alter tiie msisaere at the lakes in March, 1887, aad mardied to the seeDe of the slan^ter. A loll account of the sufferingi, achierenMato aad hanrfsna of this expedition is giyen elsewhere. Major Williams waa nearly aixty- two years of age when he led this little army on ito terrible mardi. In 1886 he wroto a history of the early aettlements in northwestern Iowa, widch was published in the North WatI, then the only newspaper ia Fort Dodge. Ia this he gSTc to the public a lull and authentic account ol the Battel Expedition ol 1857. He died at Fort Dodge on the 88th ol Febru- aiy, 1874. As the lounder ol F<Hrt Dodge and the commander ol tlie Spirit Lake Expedition. Major Williams will haye an enduring place in Iowa history.
NELSON 6. WILLIAMS was born in Bainbridge, Chenango Goanty. New York, in 1823. He was educated at Utica and began business for himself in the city of New York where he became an importing merchant. In 1855 he removed to Iowa, locating in Dubuque, where he engaged in the mercantile business for several years. Later he made his home on a farm in Dubuque County where he was living when the Civil War began. He immediately tendered his services to Governor Elirkwood and waa commissioned colonel of the Third Iowa Infantry, serving but a short time when he was placed under arrest by order of General Hurlbut. The charges against him were manifestly unjust and he was never brought to trial. He commanded his regiment in the Battle of Shiloh where it made a heroic fight. Colonel Williams was severely wounded and sent in bin resignation on the 27th of November, 1862, retiring from the service.
JAMES A. WILLIAMSON was bom in Columbia, Adair County, Ken- tucky, on the 8th of February, 1820. When he was fifteen the family removed to Iowa where he took a claim in Keokuk County. Here he sup- ported the family by farming for several years. He then sold the farm and completed his education at Knox College, Illinois. He studied law with M. M. Crocker at Lancaster, was admitted to the bar and, in 1856, removed to Des Moines. Mr. Williamson was a member of the syndicate
i
JAMES WILSON
OF IOWA 289
which built the first Capitol at Des Moines and furnished it free of rent to the State for many years. He was a prominent Democratic politician until the Rebellion began, when he entered the military service as adju- tant of the Fourth Iowa Infantry and as the war progressed became a warm supporter of Lincoln's administration. Mr. Williamson made a fine officer and won rapid promotion to lieutenant-colonel, colonel and for a long time commanded a brigade. He was in Sherman's mardi to the sea and participated in most of the battles of that army. Near the close of the war he was promoted to Brigadier-General. He was diairman of the Iowa delegation at the National Republican Convention at Chicago which in 1868 nominated General Grant for President. In 1877 General William- son was appointed commissioner of the General Land Office at Washington, which office he held until 1881, when he became land commissioner of the Atlantic ft Pacific Railroad, and afterwards president of the company. He died on the 7th of September, 1002.
DAVID S. WILSON was one of the pioneer lawyers and editors of Dubuque. He was born at Steubenville, Ohio, on the 19th of Mardi, 1825. Coming to Dubuque in 1839 he b^^an the study of law with his brother, Judge Thomas S. Wilson. For several years he was editor of the Miners Express which he conducted with ability. In 1846, when barely twenty- one, he was elected to the House of the Eighth Legislative Assembly. He served as a lieutenant in the Mexican War and was prosecuting attorney two terms. In 1857 he was elected to the Senate of the Seventh General Assembly, serving four years. When the Civil War began Mr. Wilson be- came a leader of the "war Democrats" and made an able ^eech against secession. In 1862 he was commissioned colonel of the Sixth Cavalry which was sent against the Sioux Indians then engaged in the Minnesota mas- sacre. In 1864 Colonel Wilson resigned his command and returned to Du- buque, resimiing the practice of law. In 1872 he was appointed circuit judge and soon after district judge, serving until 1878. He died in Du- buque, April 1, 1881.
JAMES WILSON was born at Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 16th of August, 1835, and received an academic education. He came to America in 1851 and took up his residence on a farm in Tama County, Iowa. Mr. Wilson was elected on the Republican ticket in 1867 to the House of the Eleventh General Assembly and served by successive reflections until 1873. He was Speaker of the House in 1872 and was chosen one of the regents of the State University. He was elected to Congress in the fall of 1872, from the Fifth District and reelected at the expiration of his first term. In 1884 he was defeated for Congress by Mr. Frederick the Democratic candidate. Mr. Wilson was for many years a writer on farm topics and was chosen Professor of Agriculture at the State Agricultural College at Ames and Director of the Experimental Station. In 1897, upon the in-
[Vol. 4]
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auguration of President McKinley, Mr. Wilson was invited into his Cabi- net as Secretary of Agricnlture. He was reappointed to tlie same position upon tlie second inauguration of McKinley. His services in that Depart- ment haTe been generally commended by the public as of greater value to the country than those of any of his predecessors.
JAMES F. WILSON was bom at Newark, Ohio, October 10, 1828. His education was obtained in the common schools Mid he learned the trade of harness making in his youth. He soon decided to study law and was admitted to the bar in 1851. In 1853 he became a resident of Iowa, and locating at Fairfleld opened a law office. In 1856 he was a delegate to the convention which organised the Republican party. In 1857 he was a member of the convention which framed the present Constitution of the State. Although one of the youngest members he took an active part in the work. In October of that year he was elected to the House of the Seventh General Assembly and was chairman of the committee on ways and means. In 1860 he was a member of the State Senate and after serv- ing through a r^^lar and extra session was elected Representative in Congress to fill a vacancy in the First District. He was three times reelected, serving through the war and reconstruction periods until March, 1871. When Grant was inaugurated President in 1860 he tendered Mr. Wilson a place in his cabinet as Secretary of State which was declined. In the impeadiment trial of President Johnson, Mr. Wilson was one of the managers on part of the House. He had originally opposed impeachment and as a member of the judiciary committee had made a minority report in which he gave an able review of the most important cases of impeach- ment in the British Parliament and Senate of the United States. His re- port forms a valuable treatise' on the subject. He was the author of the joint resolution for amendment of the Constitution of the United States in 1864, abolishing slavery, and made one of the greatest speeches of his life on that subject. In January, 1882, Mr. Wilson was elected to the United States Senate for six years and was reelected, serving until March, 1895. Mr. Wilson died at his home in Fairfield in April, 1895.
THOMAS S. WILSON was born at Steubenville, Ohio, October 13, 1813. He graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1832, and im- mediately entered upon the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in 1834 and located in Dubuque in October, 1836. In 1838 he was appointed by President Van Buren one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the new Territory of Iowa. He accepted the position and entered upon the duties of the office before he was twenty-five years of age, serving until Iowa became a State. The first Legislature having failed to elect Supreme Judges, he was one of the three appointed by the Governor to fill the vacancy. He lacked but one vote of being nominated for United States Senator at the time General Jones was chosen. In 1852 he was
\'
,1AME8 F, WILSON
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elected judge of the District Ck>iirt, holding the positioii until 1863. He was employed m counsel in one of the most important suits ewer tried in Iowa inyolving millions of dollars. The Chouteau heirs claimed title through the grant to Julien Dubu^e of the vast tract of land embracing the lead mines and the city of Dubuque. Reverdy Johnson, (me of the greatest lawyers of the country, was employed by the St. Louis heirs to prosecute the claim. The city of Dubuque employed Judge Wilson and Piatt Smith to defend in the United States Circuit and Supreme Courts. They were succedsful in both courts in defeating the claim. While judge of the Territorial Court, Mr. Wilson rendered the first decision liberating a slave brought by his master into Iowa. He died on the 16th of May» 1894, after having served as a lawyer and judge for fifty-eight years. He outlived nearly all of his pioneer associates of 1836.
WALTER C. WILSON was bom at Arkwright, Chautauqua County, New York, on the 28th of December, 1824. He came to Iowa in 1854 and with his brother, Sumler, purchased the site of Webster City. A small tract of the land had been platted and given the name of New Castle. The Wilsons changed the name to Webster City and at once proceeded to erect buildings, including a milV and hotel. They improved the roads, bridged the Boone River and set about securing a division of the large county of Webster, which at that time included the territory now em- braced in Webster and Hamilton. Walter C. Wilson was elected to the Legislature in 1856 and secured the passage of a bill by the General As- sembly, with the aid of the citizens of Fort Dodge, by which the county was divided and Hamilton County established. Homer had been the county-seat but was now left so near the division line that the county- seat of Hamilton was established at Webster City and that of Webster removed to Fort Dodge. For many years the Wilsons devoted their ener- gies to building up Webster City. In 1878 Walter undertook the building of a railroad from Webster City to Lehigh on the Des Moines River for the purpose of developing coal mines. He secured the building and equipment of the road and built up a large coal trade. On the 16th of August, 1900, he was killed in an accident on this road.
EDWARD F. WIN8L0W was bom in Kennebec County, Maine, on the 28th of September, 1837. He received a good education and in 1866 removed to Iowa, locating at Mount Pleasant, where he engaged in the mercantile business. When the Rebellion began he recruited a company for the Fourth Iowa Cavalry which was incorporated into the regiment as Company F and Mr. Winslow was commissioned captain. In January, 1863, he was promoted to major and in July following was eommissioned colonel. Soon after he was placed in command of a brigade where he len- dered good service in the armies of Qenerab Sherman, Grant, Sturgii and Wilson. In 1864 he was brevetted Brigadier-Qeneral.
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TH0MA8 F. WITHROW was bora in Kanawha County, West Vir- ginia, on the 6th of March, 1833. His father was a strong opponent of slavery and removed to the free State of Ohio when his son was a boy. Thomas received a good education and at the age of twenty-one became the editor of the Mt, Vernon RepuhUoan, In 1855 he removed to Jane9- ville, Wisconsin, where he was one of the editors of the Free Press. He began the study of law and the year following removed to Fort Kadison, Iowa, and entered the law office of Miller ft Bedc and was admitted to the bar in 1857. Governor Lowe selected him for his private secretary in 1858 when he entered upon the duties of the executive office and at the close of his term, when the Governor became one of the Supreme Judges, Mr. Withrow was appointed Reporter of the Supreme Court, a position which he held seven years. During that time he compiled and published thirteen volumes of reports. When he entered upon the practice of his profession, the firm of Withrow, Gatch & Wright was formed which con- tinued until 1872. In 1866, Mr. Withrow was chosen chairman of the Repub- lican State Committee and for several years was one of the influential man- agers of the party. In 1873 he was appointed general solicitor of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company and removed to Chicago which became his permanent home. For twenty years he held the important pqeition which took him from Iowa, becoming one of the great lawyers of the west. He died suddenly in the zenith of his intellectual powers, on the 3d of February, 1803.
ANNIE TURNER WITTEN^IYER, an Iowa woman who won the enduring gratitude of hundreds of soldiers during the Civil War, was born at Sandy Springs, Adams County, Ohio, on the 26th of August, 1827. She developed remarkable gifts for writing, before she was thirteen years of age. Her poetry at that time attracted attention and she became a regular contributor some years later to various publications. She was married in 1847, and three years later came witli her husband to Iowa, locating in Keokuk. There were no public schools in the village at that time and Mrs. Wittenmyer opened a free school for children of the poor. With the help of other women this school was maintained for many years, accomplishing great good. When the War of the Rebellion began, she was one of the first to assist in organizing Soldiers' Aid Societies which did so much in relieving the wants of soldiers in the field and hospitals. She visited the army in the field early in 1861 and began to collect and distribute supplies for camps and hospitals. She wrote letters from the army to the newspapers telling the needs of the soldiers and soon had her entire time occupied in receiving and distributing the contributions of the generous people of the State. A record of her work during the war would fill a volume. She was appointed one of the State Sanitary Agents for Iowa and during her administration collected and distributed more than $160,000 worth of sanitary supplies. She was active in securing
OF IOWA 298
furloughs for fick soldiers in hospitals, thus saving many lives. When she found armies camped in unhealthy localities she managed in numerous cases to exert influence to get the camp removed to a healthier location. She was one of the originators of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home established in Iowa at Davenport for the care and education of dependent children. She projected the Special Diet Kitchens which were established at hospi- tals, where such special food was prepared for the sick as was recom- mended by the surgeons in charge. This was the beginning of a great and much needed reform in providing suitable food for sick and wounded soldiers, in the hospitals. The entire supervision of these kitchens was placed under the control of Mrs. Wittenmyer. The reform was warmly indorsed by General Grant and there is no doubt that hundreds, perhaps thousands of lives of suffering soldiers were saved by this salutary change in food. When this reform was fully organized, more than a million of rations were issued through it each month. In 1892 Mrs. Wittenmyer spent a large portion of the winter in Washington working with Congreto to secure pensions for army nurses. For more than twenty years these worthy workers for the relief of suffering soldiers haCd applied in vain for any recognition by the Government for their invaluable services. But Mrs. Wittenmyer knew so much of their unselfish devotion in war times and told it so earnestly that a pension of twelve dollars a month was granted the nurses. Mrs. Wittenmyer was largely instrumental in securing the purchase and preservation of the grounds embraced in the Andersonville prison pen. Eighty-five acres have been secured under the control of the Woman's Relief Corps, including the " Providential Spring," and the grounds enclosed in the deadly stockade. After a long life almost entirely devoted to good works of a public nature, this noble woman died at her home on the 2d of February, 1900.
WILLIAM P. WOLFE was bom at Harrisburg, Stork County, Ohio, on the 31st of December, 1833. He received a liberal education and tought school several years in Ohio. In 1856 he came to Iowa, locating in Cedar County, where he again engaged in teaching. He studied law with Hon. Rush Clark of Iowa City and was admitted to the bar. He was one of the friends of John Brown when that noted emancipator was helping slaves to freedom and making his headquarters at Springdale. Mr. Wolfe re- moved to Tipton and entered upon the practice of law. He served aa county superintendent of schools. In 1863 he was elected on the Republi- can ticket Representotive in the Tenth General Assembly. In May, 1864, he was appointed captoin of Company I, of the Forty-sixth Iowa Infantry. At the close of the war he was for a time editor of the Tipton Advertiaer* In 1867 he was elected to the Stote Senate, serving in the Twelfth and Thirteenth General Assemblies. In 1870 he was elected Representotive in Congress to fill a vacancy. In 1881 he was again elected Representotive in the Legislature and reelected in 1883. He was chosen Speaker of the
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HouM of the Twentieth General Assembly. In the fall of 1894 he chosen judge of the Eighteenth District which position he held at the time of his death, September 10th, 1806.
MARCUS C. WOODRUFF was bom at Aurora, Erie CJounty, N«w York, on the 21st of March, 1831, and received his education in the com- mon schools and at Aurora Academy. In August, 1855, he became a reai* dent of Iowa, first locating at Iowa Falls where he engaged in real estate business. In 1863 he became the editor and proprietor of the Iowa FdU$ Bentinel which he conducted until 1870, when he remoyed to Waterloo «a editor and joint owner of the Waterloo Courier until 1873. As a jour- nalist, Mr. Woodruff attained high rank, being one of the clearest thinkers «a well as one of the ablest and most vigorous writers on the Iowa pren. In 1874 he purchased a half interest in the Dubuque Daily Time$ which gave him an enlarged field for the exercise of his journalistic ability wher« lor nine years he made that paper a great power in northeastern Iowa. During his residence in Hardin County, Mr. Woodruff held many oflleiai positions; among which were deputy county treasurer, commissioner to take the vote of the Twelfth Iowa Infantry in front of Vicksburg in 1863 ; chief clerk of the House of the Twelfth General Assembly in 1868. Upon the creation of the State Railroad Commission in 1878, Mr. Woodruff was appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Ex-Gofemor Carpenter, and served three years. He was one of the earliest promoters of the Dubuque k Northwestern Railway in 1884, which has become the Chicago Great Western, and has served as secretary and general claim ag^t of the different organizations. For ten years he has been Land and Tax Commissioner of the Great Western. In politics Mr. Woodruff has been a Republican since the organization of the party and is a firm be- liever in modifications of the high protective tariff system.
JOSEPH J. WOODS was born in Brown County, Ohio, on the 11th of January, 1823. He took a preparatory course at Augusta College, Ken- tucky, and entered the Military Academy at West Point in 1843. He graduated third in his class and received a commission as second lieuten- ant. The Mexican War was then in progress and he was sent with the First United States Artillery to Vera Cruz where he served until August, 1848, when he was promoted to first lieutenant and sent with his regi- ment to Oregon, where he remained until 1853. He then resigned and be- came a resident of Jackson County, Iowa, making his home on a farm. In October, 1861, he was appointed colonel of the Twelfth Iowa Infantry, just organized. His regiment served with distinction at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, being captured at the latter place. Eighty members of the regi- ment died in southern prisons. Colonel Woods was recaptured by the Union army on the second day's battle. He served with his regiment but often in command of a brigade, for three years, until the term of enlist-
JOHN S. WOOLSON
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ment expired. After the war he was twice appointed by President Grant visitor to Weet Pdnt Military Academy. He removed to Kansas in 1869, locating on a farm near Oswego, where he died September 17, 1889.
WILLIAM O. WOODWARD was bom at Hanover, New Hampshire, May 20, 1808. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College and chose law as a profession. In the fall of 1839 he emigrated to the new Territory of Iowa, locating at Bloomington where he entered upon the practice of law. He attained high rank in the profession and in 1848 was one of three commissioners chosen by the Second General Assembly to prepare a com- plete code of laws for the new State. His associates were Charles Mason and Stephen Hempstead. Their work when completed was approved by the Third General Assembly and Mr. Woodward was selected to prepare marginal notes, arrange it in divisions, index and superintend its pnbliea- ._ Uon. When published it was known as the '' Code of 1851." In January, 1855, Mr. Woodward was elected by the General Assembly (me of the judges of the Supreme Court. He served six years and in 1861 was elected to the State Senate from Muscatine County. In 1863 he was appointed Clerk of the United States Circuit Court. He died on the 24th of Febru- ary, 1871.
JOHN S. WOOLSON was born on the 6th of December, 1840, at Tonawanda, Erie County, New York. He was the son of T. W. Woolson who became a distinguished member of the Iowa State Senate in the Eleventh and Twelfth General Assemblies. The son received his educa- tion in the public schools, at Wilson Collegiate Institute, New York, and at Mount Pleasant Wesleyan College in Iowa, receiving the degree of LL. D. In March, 1862, he received the appointment of assistant paymaster law at Mount Pleasant, was admitted to the bar and at once began prac- in the navy, serving in that capacity to the close of the war. He studied tice. In 1875 he was elected to the State Senate on the Republican ticket and served in that body by refilections for twelve years, retiring in 1891 when he was appointed by President Harrison Judge of the United States District Court for southern Iowa. He held this position to the time of his death which occurred on the 4th of December, 1899, at his home in Des Moines. He was a lifelong Republican and a citizen and public official of the highest character.
ED. WRIGHT was bom at Salem, Ohio, June 27, 1827. His ediiea- tion was acquired in the public schools and academies and he became a teaoher and a carpenter. In 1852 he removed to Iowa, locating in Cedar County. In 1856 he was elected to the House of the Sixth General As- sembly, was reelected in 1857 and again in 1859, serving six years. In 1862 he was appointed major of the Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry and served through the war. He was a brave, vigilant and popular officer
296 mSTOEY
and was brevetted Brigadier-General. In 1865 he was again elected to the Legislature and chosen Speaker of the House. In 1866 he waa eleeted Secretary of State and twice reelected, serving six years. In 1878 1m was chosen secretary of the Board of Capitol Commissioners and ■■ristaiit superintendent of the construction of the State House. He held these positions imtil the work was completed in 1884 when he was appointed custodian of the new edifice. He held this office until 1890 when he was placed in charge of the Capitol grounds. At the World's Columbian XSz- position General Wright conducted a directory for furnishing information to visitors from Iowa. In 1895 he was appointed a member of the board of public works for the city of I>e8 Moines which position he held at the time of his death. Iowa never had a more useful and conscientious public officer than General £d. Wright. When his death occurred on the 5th of December, 1895, his body lay in state at the Capitol where thousands of dtizens paid their respects to the man who served the State so well for nearly half a century.
GEORGE F. WRIGHT was born in Warren, Vermont^ December 5, 1833. He was reared on a farm, and when eighteen years of age at- tended West Randolph Academy. He- came to Iowa in 1855, locating at Keosauqua where he began the study of law in the office of Judge George G. Wright, and was admitted to the bar in 1857. At the beginning of the Civil War he helped to raise a military company of which he was chosen first lieutenant. Later at the request of Governor Kirkwood Lieutenant Wright organized a company of State militia of which he was commissioned cap- tain. In 1868 Mr. Wright removed to Council Bluffs where he became a law partner with Judge Caleb Baldwin; the firm ranked high and became attorneys for several railroads. In 1876 Mr. Wright was elected to the State Senate from the district consisting of the counties of Mills and Pottawattamie, serving in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth General As- semblies. In 1879 Mr. Wright was appointed by Judge Dillon United States Commissioner, and later held the same position under Judge Woolson for the Southern District of Iowa. In 1896 he was chosen vice-president for Iowa of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha. Mr. Wright waa one of the organizers of the company which built the bridge across tlie Missouri Elver between Council Bluffs and Omaha.
GEORGE G. WRIGHT was born in Bloomington, Indiana, March 24, 1820. He graduated at the State University and studied law with his older brother, Joseph A., who became a distinguished statesman. In 1840 George G. came to Iowa Territory, locating at Keosauqua where he began to practice his profession. In 1846 he was chosen Prosecuting Attorney and in 1848 was elected to the State Senate for a term of four years. Ho was nominated for Representative in Congress for the First District by the Whigs in 1850 but was defeated by a small majority. In 1855 he
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became Chief Jnstioe of the Supreme Court and remained on the bench for fifteen yean. In 1870 he was choeen United States Senator, eerving six years. Mr. Wright removed to Des Moines in 1865 and was for many years president of the State Agrieultural Society. In company with Judge Cole he established the Iowa Law School which after some years was re- moved to Iowa City and became the Law Department of the State Uniyer- sity. Judge Wright continued to be one of the lecturers before the Law Department of the University as long as he lived. After retiring from law practice and public life, Judge Wright was for many years one of the directors of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company. He was one of the organisers and president of the Security Loan and Trust Company and of the Polk County Savings Bank. In 1892 he was elected president of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association, a position he held at the time of his death, January 11, 1896. It was as a judge of the Supreme Court that he won enduring fame. His term of service embraced a period of important changes in fundamental judicial systems of the State and his opinions extend through thirty volumes of the State reports. Judge John F. Dillon, who was long associated with him on the bench wrote as follows of his ability and services:
" Of his learning as a lawyer and merits as a judge, no difference of opinion, so far as I know, ever existed among the bar and the people of Iowa. The verdict of the bar on this suMect is that, take him all in all, he had no equal amons the State's Chief Justices or Judges in her judicial history. Some may have had in special and exceptional lines superior gifts, or superior learning, but take him all in all he easily stands con- spicuous and foremost. He was a living digest of the legislation and de- cisions of the State. He carried in his memory every important case that had ever been decided, and thus kept the lines of judicial decisions con- sistent. As a presiding officer he was without an equal. He had remark- able executive ability. He presided with dignity, maintained the utmost decorum in his court, and yet no member of the bar, I believe, ever felt that he was oppressive or that he in any way encroached upon thcdr legitimate rights or privileges. He had almost in perfection what I may call the judicial temperament. He showed absolute impartiality, had great patience of research and above all a level headed judgment and strong, sure footed common sense. ,
Combining these merits and qualities with ample learning in his pro- fession, it is no marvel that the bar of Iowa hold him and his memory in such deserved honor/'
JOSEPH A. 0. YEOMAN was bom at Washington Court House, Ohio, in 1842. He received a good education and studied law. When the War of the Rebellion began he enlisted as a private in the First Ohio Cavalry. He was a most daring soldier and was soon promoted to the rank of captain. His war record was a brilliant one. He was a dashing officer, shrewd in plans and prompt in action; a typical cavalryman in a war where that branch of the service was a most important factor. He was selected to command a picked body of cavalry in the pursidt of the Con-
298 HISTOBY
federate President and by skill and promptness was largely inatrnmimtal in his capture. He received a reward of $3,000 from the QoyemnMnt for his brilliant leadership in that affair and was highly complimented by his superior officer. At the close of the war he graduated from the Al- bany, New York, Law School, was admitted to the bar in 1867 aad be- came a resident of Fort Dodge where he began the practioe of his pro- fession. He soon attained high rank as a lawyer and became one of the most eminent advocates in northwestern Iowa. In war times and duriag the early years of reconstruction, Captain Yeoman was an aetive Bepobli- can. He was one of the best campaign speakers in the State. But Im 1874, he left the party as he could not agree with its proteotive tariff policy. He united with the Democrats and in 1879 was their candidate for Lieutenant-Goyemor. In 1888 he was nominated for Congress in the Tenth District and carried on a joint discussion with his opponent Hon. J. P. Dolliver, which was one of the most brilliant debates in the poUtioal history of Iowa. He died on the 17th of November, 1900, while OA n yielt to his old home in Ohio.
STEPHEN P. YEOMAN was bom in Herkimer Counly New Zork, January 23, 1822. His early life was passed on the farm and his elemen- tary education acquired in the public schools. When fifteen years of age he accompanied his parents to the Territory of Iowa, locating in Haory County in 1837. At the age of twenty he began the study of medicine^ graduating from Rush Medical College in 1854, and at once entered upon practice in Henry County. In 1855 he was elected on the Democratic ticket to represent the district consisting of Clarke, Lucae, Wayne and De- catur counties in the House of the Fifth General Assembly, serving at the regular and extra sessions. In 1858 he was appointed by President Buchanan Register of the United States Land Office at Sioux City, where he served six years. In 1863 he was appointed assistant surgeon in the Seventh Iowa Cavalry, serving until the close of the war. Upon retiring from the army Dr. Yeoman made his home at Clinton where he practiced medicine, being for five years pension examiner. In 1871 he entered the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago and equipped with a knowledge of both schools of medicine he removed to Charles City. Dr. Teoman has been an active member of the Pioneer Lawmakers' Association, having prepared and read before that body valuable papers on early Iowa his- tory.
GEORGE HENRY YEWELL was born at Havre de Grace, Maryland. January 20, 1830. His early school days were spent in Cincinnati. One of his teachers there in the public school was the late Hon. Theodore S. Parvin of Iowa. His mother, with some relatives, went to Iowa City in 1841 when the old Capitol building was being erected. From early youth he gave indications of talent in picture making, his first rude attempts
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being in caricature. A humorous sketch called the '' Removal of the Oapi" iol" from Iowa Gitj, brought him before the public and the members of the Legislature then in session at Iowa Citj. This caricature attracted the attention of Judge Charles Mason, who sought him out and aided him with money, by which he was able to begin a course of art study in New York in 1851, entering the schools of the National Academy of Design.
In 1856 he went to Paris and became a pupil of Thomas Couture, one of the great painters of France. The panic of 1857 obliged him to support himself by making copies of popular pictures in the galleries of Paris. In I860 he went to Holland and Belgium to study the masterpieces of the Dutch and Flemish painters, and returned to New York in 1861. His most important picture painted in France was " Children on the Beaehare, Normandy," commissioned by the late John Allen, Esq., of Saybrook, Conn. In New York in 1866 he painted a portrait of his early patron, Charlee Mason, an engraving from which appears in this volume.
In 1867 he went to Italy, taking a studio in Rome, where he lived until 1878, spending the summer months either at Perugia, Venice or the Vene- tian Tyrol. Of Italian subjects his principal pictures were " Enirtmce to the Orand Canal, Venioe," owned by Senator Allison of Iowa; "Senate Chamber in the Doge's Palace, Venioe," painted for the late George Kemp, Esq., of New York, and " Interior of St. Marina Church, Venioe,** in the Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut.
Since 1878, Mr. Yewell has lived in New York, spending his summers at Lake Ceorge. Nearly all of these years have been given to portrait painting. Many of his most important portraits are in the Capitol at Des Moines, where may be seoi those of Ex-Governors Kirkwood, Lowe and Chambers, General Grenville M. Dodge and Judges Mason, Wright and Dillon.
In 1880 he was elected a member of the National Academy of De- sign. He is a Patron of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, a member of the Century Club, and for many years has been secretary of the Artists' Fund Society of the City of New York.
LAFAYETTE YOUNG was bom in Monroe County, Iowa, on the 10th of May, 1848. His early education was acquired in the public schools and in printing offices at Albia and Des Moines, where he soon mastered the printing and general newspaper business. His first business enter- prise was the establishing of a weekly newspaper at Atlantic which he named the Telegraph. He was an active Republican and in the summer of 1873, received the nomination of that party for State Senator for the district composed of the counties of Adair, Cass, Adams and Union and was elected. In 1877 he was reelected from the district counting of Madison, Cass and Adair countiee. In 1885 he was again elected to the Senate from the Eighteenth District composed of the counties of Adair, Adams and Cass for the term of four years, serving in that body for
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twelve years. In 1890 he removed to Des Moines and purchasit the newspaper establishment of the I<noa Oapitalg which under his manage- ment has become one of the most enterprising daily papers in the State. In 1893 Mr. Young was one of the prominent candidates befoftf the Repub- lican State Convention for Governor. In 1894 Mr. Young was chosen State Binder, holding the position by reelection until December 31, 1900. When war with Spain was declared he went with tbt American army to the seat of conflict near Santiago as war oorres^ndent and furnished graphic reports of the campaign which resulted in the surrender of the Spanish army. He is an able public speaker as well as a fluent writer, and a successful journalist.
CHARLES BEARDSLEY was bom near Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, on the 18th of February, 1830. He prepared for o(dlege at Granville Academy and Wesleyan University, Delaware, entering the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati and was graduated from that institutioB. In 1855 he came to Iowa and began the practice of medicine at Musca- tine, but soon removed to Oskaloosa, where in 1861 he became editor d the Weekly Herald. He was an accomplished writer and his paper attained wide influence in that section of the State. He was appointed postmaster of Oskaloosa, by President Lincoln. In 1865 he removed to Burlington becoming one of the owners and the chief editor of the Hawkeye. In 1869 he was elected by the Republicans to the State Senate, serving four years with marked ability. He was an earnest advocate of the taxation of cor- porate property on the same basis as other property and the taxation of the railroad bridges across the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. He fa- vored the employment of women in the public service and the extension to them of the right of suffrage. In 1874 he was appointed Librarian of the War Department at Washington, with charge of the records of the Re- bellion. In 1879 he was appointed by President Hayes Fourth Auditor of the Treasiiry, which position he held until 1885. He was a member of the council called by Plymouth Congregational church at Brooklyn, New York, which tried the charges preferred against Rev. Henry Ward Beecher in 1876. He was a life-long and prominent member of the Congregational church and moderator of its flfty-second annual meeting at Sioux City in 1891. At the celebration of the Semi -Centennial Anniversary of the admission of Iowa as a State held at Burlington in 1896, Dr. Beardaley was one of the chief managers. His great ardor in the work assigned to him led to overexertion bringing on nervous prostration from which he never rallied. He died at his home December 29, 1896.
JOHN DOWNS ELBERT was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, May 16, 1806, and was a son of Dr. John Downs and Elizabeth Ficklin Elbert, In 1812 his father removed with his family to Logan County, Ohio. There young Elbert spent his childhood and youth. His educational advantages
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^ler^~ -@-^^-<,<-T_
OP IOWA 801
were very limited, but he mastered the few hooka at hia command and aoquired a good general education. He studied medicine, and in 1829 re- ceived a license to practice from Dr. Drake of Cincinnati. In I840» Dr. Elbert removed to Van Buren County, Iowa, where he lived until hia death, in 1860, at the age of sixty years. As a surgeon he aoquired an extensive practice in Southern Iowa and Northern Missouri, and his reputation was such that he was given honorary degrees by the Univeraitiea of Pennsyl- vania and Missouri. Being a man of unusual energy and force he to<^ a prominent part in the development of the country and was a leader in pro- moting and forwarding public enterprises. He took great interest in politics and was a member and president of the Territorial Council of Iowa in 1842-4. Few men during his residence in Van Buren County were better or more favorably known. He married Adisa Hitt, a daughter of Rev. Samuel Hitt, a Methodist minister, in 1829. Several of their sons be- came prominent men, one of them, Samuel Hitt Elbert, being at one time Governor of Colorado, and for many years a judge of the Colorado Supreme Court.
EDWIN MANNING, one of the pioneer settlers in Iowa, was bom February 8, 1810, at South Coventry, Connecticut. He was educated in the common schools, and at the age of sixteen became derk in a store. In 1836 he emigrated to the "Black Han^ Purchase," first stopping at Fort Madison. In 1837, with two companions, he went i;ip the Des Moines Biver to Horse Shoe Bend, where a claim was made and a town platted, whidi be- came Keosauqua. In 1839 Mr. Manning opened a store in a log cabin he had erected in his new town. In 1842 he built the first brick court house in the Territory, which was still standing in 1900. He ran the first loaded steamboat from St. Louis to Des Moines in 1843. The next year he built the first fiat boat that fioated down the Des Moines River. In 1856 he was appointed by the Governor Commissioner of the Des Moines Biver Improvement, serving two years. He was an enterprising business man, and for half a century was closely identified with many of the most impor- tant interests of that part of the State, accumulating a large fortune.
ROBERT SLOAN is a native of Ohio, where he was bom October 21, 1835. At eighteen years of age he came to Iowa with his parents, having been reared on a farm. His edaeational advantages were meager, being confined to the district sdKX>ls and one year in the New Lisbon High School. After coming to Iowa he taught sdiool until 1860 when he entered the law office of Judge George 6. Wright at Keosauqua. So rapidly did he advance in his studies that he was admitted to the bar the following year. Mr. Sloan was in 1868 chosen Judge of the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial District, serving twelve years. In 1894 he was elected Judge of the District Court, and has been repeatedly reelected, still holding that position.
mSTOBT OF IOWA
JOHN BELBY TOWNSSND was bora in Morgsnafleld, Kentucky, AagnBt 21, 1824, being a. son of Jamra and Catharine Dsvia Townsend. In 1830 his parents removed to Putnam County, Indiana, where he spent his boyhood and youth. Hie brother was clerk of the covirts, and in assisting him young TomiBend acquired his love tor his chosen proteBiioii — the Law. He came to Iowa iu 1660, locating Brat in Lucaa County, but in the spring of 1861, moving to Albia, where he resided for over for^ years, taking an active part in the public affairs of fats county and State. In August, ISSl, be was elected prosecuting attorney for Monroe County. In August, 1B52, be was elected to the Fourth Oeneral Assembly and his services ta l^islator were very creditable. In 1863 he was elected Judge of the District Court, Ninth Judicial District, comprising the counties of Appanooaa, Monroe, Lucas, Wayne, Warren, Madison, Union, Ringgold, and Decatur. At tha close of his first t«rm he was reelected. When the judicial districta were dianged by tlie new Conatitutfon in 18G7, he was elected Judge of tLe Second Judicial District, and served a full term of four years, m.lring a coutinuDUB record on the bench of nearly ten years. In politics Judge Towusend was a lifelong Democrat and until his death took an active part in the councils of his party. Upon retiring from the bench in 1864, he formed a co-partnership with T. B. Perry, under the firm name of Perry A Townsend, a relation which continued for twenty years, when Judge Townsend retired from ttie practice of the law. Judge Townsend was twice married, first in 1S4B to Mary E. Brooks, who died in 16^2. In Ihe ewtman of 166S lie wae muried to Auue, dan^ter of John D. filbert of Tan Buren County. Three sons survive this union. Judge J. B. Towna- vd and Dr. Wilber Townsend, both of El Paso, Texas, and Fred Townaend, u attorney of Albia. He died April 23, 1892, at bu home in AlbU.
'fni
GENERAL INDEX
Abbott, Chas. H.» II» 304. 806 : IV, 1.
Abercrombiep John C, II» 125, 197. 198. 207.
Abemethy. Alonso. IV» L
Acts of Congress concerning Iowa. 1, 173. 176. 177. 186. 186. 196. 213. 214. 283.
Acts of General Assemblies, I» 1st — ^240, 246; 2d— 257, 258; 3d— 264; 4th— 270, 271 ; 5th— 278, 283 ; 6th— 286, 351 ; 7th —^55, 356, 357. 358, 366, 367, 368; II, 8th— 56, 56, 57, 62; 9th— 65, 75; 10th —102, 103, 104; III, Uth— 6, 7, 8, 9: 12th— 9, 21, 22, 25; 13th— 9, 30, 31; 14tb— 48, 49; 15th— 63, 64, 66. 67, 68, 69, 70; 16th— 77; 17th— 93, 94. 95, 96; 18th— 99; 19th— 113, U4: 20th— 131 ; 21st— 136, 160; 22d— 145, 160, 151, 152, 153; 23d— 161; 24th— 165; 25th— 180, 181; 26th— 184; 27th— 191, 192, 193; 28th— 201, 202 ; 29th— 210, 211.
Acts of Legislative Assemblies, I, Ist — 189 ; 2d— 202, 208 ; 3d— 206, 207 ; 4th— 208 : 5th— 210 ; 6th, 211 ; 7th— 219 ; 8th —220.
Acts Michigan Territorial Legislature, session, I, 1934 — ^173.
Acts Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, session, I, 1936—174, 176, 177; 1837— 178. 182. 183; 1838—169; 1839—170; 1840—170. 17L
Adair county. III, 296. 297.
Adams, Austin. IV, 1. 2 ; Mary Newbury, 2. 8.
Adams county. III, 297, 298, 299.
Adjutant-General, II, 61; III, 456; act creating office of assistant, II, 75; report of, 100, 101.
Admission of Iowa, I, 213, 229.
Agents, ffee Indian, consuls.
Agricultural college. I, 367, 358, 394. 395 : n, 75, 102, 108, 104 ; III, 5, 8, 26, 27. 28, 92, 168, 210, 268, 269, 270, 466; land grant, 92.
Agricultural society. III, 280, 281. 282. 466.
Agriculture, Department of. State, III, 114, 202, 466 ; United States, 628.
Aids-de-camp to governor, II, 61.
Ainsworth, Lucian L., IV, 3.
Aldrlch, Charles. Ill, 284; IV, 3, 4.
Alford, Lore, III, 99.
Allamakee county. III, 299, 300, 301, 302.
Allatoona Pass, II, 357, 358, 359.
Allen, Wm. V., rv, 4, 6.
[Vol. 4]
Alliance. SUte. Ill, 107.
Allison, Wm. B., I, 269; II, 42, 61, 78;
lU, 22, 30, 46. 47. 48. S3. 130, 161, 187.
247 ; IV, 5, 6, 7. Allouez, Father Claude, I, 26. American Fur Company. I, 151. 209. Anderson, Albert R.. IV, 7; Daniel. II,
370, 371 ; IV, 7 ; Jeremiah G.. I, 375.
381 ; II, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9. Andersonvllle, II, 412, 413, 414. 415. 416.
417. 418. Andreas, Alfred T., IV, 7, 8. Animals, of Mississippi valley, I, 30;
prehistoric, 4, 5, 16. Antlmonopoly conventions. III, 1873 —
60; 1874—69; 1875—72. Appanoose, chief, I, 88, 93, 162. Appanoose county. III, 302, 308, 304. Arbitration tribunal for settlement of
industrial diCTerences, III, 136. Archer. Sampson. M., II, 229, 231. Arkansas Post, II, 284, 285. Armstrong, Robt B., IV, 8. Armstrong. Fort, I, 78, 80, 84, 85, 138. 160. Army, of Frontier, II, 240; of Potomac,
66, 71, 72, 73, 77. 78, 79, 80, 96, 97, 98,
99, no. 111; of Virginia, 80. Arrests of the disloyal, II, 84, 85, 86. Artillery Batteries, II, Ist — 409; 2d —
409; 3d — 410; 4th — 410; III, 5th—
195; 6th— 195. Ashton, Charles, IV, 8, 9. Assembly, see Legislative Assembly. Atkinson, Henry, I, 80, 81, 187. Atlanta, II, 207, 208, 217, 221, 222. Attorney- General, III, 454; creation of
office of, I, 272. Auditor, Act creating office of, I, 202;
of sUte, III, 449. 450; of territory,
441.
Audubon county. Ill, 304, 306. Aunt Becky Young, see Young. Australian ballot. Ill, 166.
Babb, Washington I.. IV, 9. Babbitt, Lysander W., IV, 9, K). Bailey, A. K., IV, 10; Gideon 8., II, 86;
IV, 10, 11. Bainbridge, M., I, 206. Baird, Harlan, II, 893. 394, 896. Baker, James, II, 87, 189, 227, 228; IV,
U ; Nathaniel B., II, 56, 61, 68, 64, 90,
100. 101. 112. 114 : III, 84, 86. 66 ; IV, 11, 12 ; Thomas, I, 288 ; IV, U IS.
304
HISTDBY
BaMwln, OaUIk I* tt; !▼» U; Jobn N^
II. Bimliiinr. JabM; II» »» »» SOS; !▼» II.
Baacioft oountar, III9 n, M.
Banditti, i,m,9u,w^9^mii^w^m,
Bank» OkmunlutoiMn on atatab It 8S6; amniBara* my Id; lawa TagaitUng, I» aGB, «$, V7: IClnara', 1, Hi, ^S6, 184, 10^ ax 119: II» 1D6; natkmal, np US; notaa, 101; prohibitum ot It 227: aute, I9 KS. tfX 9BJ; II» IX 88, 84,106: in, i S.
Baaklns tana, II* 8X 88 ; m, 4. 6.
Banka, Nath'l P., II» 819; too olao De Rnaaar, Pleaaant Hill, Bad^ RlT«r Bzpadltlon.
Barbed wira, m, lOX 108, 104. 106, 101,
m.
Bamar, Horatto O., 11, 408, 406.
Barrla, WlUia H., IT, 18, 14.
Barrowa, WUlard, IV, 14.
Baahore, Jobn L., II, 91, 98.
Baaaatt, Gao. W., IT, 16.
Bataa, Jobn F., II, 68; IT, 16.
Battariaa, aae artillery.
Battlea, aee Allatoona Paas, Arkanaaa Poat, Atlanta, Belmont, Black RlTer Bridge, Blue Mills, Champion's Hill, Chattanooga, Chickasaw Bayou, Cor- inth, Fort De Russey, Fort Donelson, Hartsville, Helena. luka. Jackson, Jenkin's Ferry, Mark's Mills, Mobile, Moscow, Nashville, Pea Ridge, Pleas- ant Hill, Port Gibson. Prairie Grove. Resaca, Springfield, Terre Noir, Tll- ton. Van Buren*, Vlcksburg, Wil- son's Creek. White Stone Hill, Win- chester.*
Battles of Indians, see Black Hawk War. Delaware, Fox, Pottawattamie. Sac, Sioux.
Battleship Iowa, III, 185.
Beach. Benjamin, II, 198.
Beardshear. Wm. M.. IV, 15, 16.
Beardsloy, Charles. IV, 300.
Beck. Joseph M., Ill, 116. 117 ; IV, 16, 17.
Bocson. Byron A., IV, 17.
Belknap. Wm. W., I, 367; II, 807, 215, 216, 218 ; IV, 17, 18.
Belknap county. III, 306.
Belmont, I, 174, 175, 176; batUe of. II, 168. 169.
Bemis. Geo. W., IV, 18 ; Narclssa T., 18.
Banton, Tboa. H., Jr^ !» 188» HI, MX
iB:ii,flX8ixaox«K7:iii»]xaM:
IT, IX 19.
Banton ooonty, HI, lOX MV* 108.
Bcraman, A. H., II, 407.
BwTT, Wm. H., IT, 18L
BarrybUI, Jaa. 0.» HI, 14X liX in : IT,
19.80. Baaaaj» Gbaa, B.* IT, 80. Battow, Sam'l !«.. HI, 164; IT, », tL Blndara. Stata. m, 466. BIrdaall, BanJ. P., IT, tL Blahop, Chaa. A., IT, 8L Blaaall, Fradlc B., IT, II. a. Black Hawk, cblat I, 6X IX IX 77. 18,
79, 8X 81, 8X 8X 8i 8X 8X 87. 89. 90. 97, 8X lOX 186; pvrebaaa, 87. 16X liX
167, liax ax 881; toarar, 71; «mr, 79.
80, 81. 8X 8X 84.
Black Hawk county, HI, 90X SIX 811. Black RlTcr Brtdsa^ Battta oX n, 19X Blakal7. Fmt. II9 17X 177. 178. Blanchard, Lncian O.. IT, 88. Blind. Gollaga tor, HI, 87X 89. Bliiaarda. I, 890.
Block-luniaa at Gometl Blnffli^ I, 100. Bloomer, Amelia Janki^ IT, n, 88 ; Daoc-
tar C. 88. Bloomington, aee Muacatlna. Blue Mills. BatUe of, H, 141, 142. Blunt. J. G.. aee Prairie GroTC, Van
Buren. Boardman, Norman, IT, 28, 24. Boards, sec control, immigration, health. Boornstein. Oarl. II, lj86, 891, 882. Boies. Horace, III, 154, 156, 15X 180, 1€1,
168. 164, 165. 166. 171, 17X 187; IT, 84. Bolter. Lemuel R.. IT, 24.
Bonds, Act authorising laaue of state,
II» 56; commission on, 62. BoDham. Smiley H.. I, 262. Bonney, Edward. I, 336. Boone, Nathan. I, 161, 168 ; IT, 28. Boone county. III, 311, 312, 818. Booth, Caleb H., IT, 26; Bdmund, 86;
J. Wilkes, II, 23. Border, Act for protection of, U, 6X 78,
90 ; attacks on, 67, 98, 94 : brigade, 90 ;
ruffian InTasion, IIX HX 114; war In
Davis county, 9X 94. Boulders, Origin of. I* 6. Boundary, Act defining county, I, 184;
original, of Iowa. 212, 21X 815, 818,
217, 218, 227, 2^; dispute orer Mla-
souri, see also Missouri.
OF IOWA
305
Bounties for enlistment, Ily 76.
Bowen, Dan'I H., Ill, 200 ; IV, 26.
Bowman, Thomas, IV, 26, 27.
Brackett. A. B., II, 391. 393.
Bradley, Philip B., IV, 27.
Brainard. John M., IV, 27, 28; Nathan H., II, 62 ; IV, 28.
Brandt, Isaac, IV, 28.
Bremer county* IHf 313, 314.
Brennan, John, IV, 28, 29.
Brevets, see brigadier, major.
Bridge. First railway, I, 273.
Brigadier-Generals, see Belknap. Bus- sey, Ckirse, Crocker, Curtis, O. M. Dodge, Edwards, Elliott, Gilbert, Hatch, Herron, Lauman, Matthies, B. W. Rice, S. A. Rice, Reid, Steele. Tuttle, Vandever, Warren, William- son ; brevet brigadier-generala, see Benton, O. W. Clark, W. T. Clark, Coon. Drake, Geddes, Glasgow, Heath, Hedrick, Hill. W. W. Lowe, McKenney, A. H. Sanders, G. A. Stone, Trumbull, Wever, Winslow. Brigga, Ansel, I, 228, 238. 244. 263; in, 107; IV, 29, 30.
Brigham. Johnson, IV, 80.
Brown, Aaron, II, 143 ; IV, 30, 31 ; John. I, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 880, 381, 882, 383; II, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 7. 8, 9, 10, 12. 13. 16, 19. 23, 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29, 80, 31, 32, 47; John L., Ill, 132, 183. 136, 137; IV, 81; Timothy, 31; W. W., I, 331, 932. 333; B. B.. see also Springfield. HartsvlUe.
Brown banditti. I, 331, 832, 333, 334. 335.
Browne, Jesse B., I, 188, 238 ; IV, 31, 32.
Buchanan county. III, 314, 815.
Buckner, Fort. I, 267.
Budd. J. L.. IV, 82.
Buena Vista county. Ill, 316, 317, 318.
Bulls, Henry C, in, 46, 48 ; IV, 32, 33.
Bunce, Philip, II, 93, 94.
Buncombe county, III, 818.
Burdett, Sam'l S., IV, 83.
Burdette, Rob't J., IV, 33. 84.
Burdick, Theo. W.. IV, 84.
Burkholder, Wm. B., I, 814. 816, 317.
Burlington. 1, 159. 176. 222. 223 ; rifle com- pany, II, 52; SSouares, 52.
Bumside, Ambrose B.. see Army of Po- tomac.
Burrell, Howard A., IV, 84.
Bussey, Cyrus, II, 67, 61, 881, 882, 888, 884, 888; IV, 84, 86.
Butler, Jacob, II, 100; Pardee, I, 375;
Walter H., IV, 35. Butler county. III, 818, 319. Byam, Eber C, II, 269, 273 ; IV, 85. Byers, Howard W., in, 1^; IV, 35, 36;
Melvin H., Ill, 193; IV, 36; Sam'l
H. M., IV, 86. Cabinet, Members of. III, 524. Caldwell, Henry C, II, 368, 369, 870, 371,
372, 381. 382, 383, 384; IV, 36, 37;
Timothy J., 37. Calhoun county, in, 319, 320, 321. Call, Ambrose A., IV, 37, 38 ; Asa C, 38. Callanan, James, IV, 39; Martha Coon- ley, 38, 39. Calvin, Sam'l, on soils, I, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9;
IV, 39, 40. Camanche tornado, II, 35, 36, 37, 88, 89,
40, 41, 42.
Campbell. Edward. IV, 40. 41; Frank T., in, 66, 67, 87, 93, 94, 98, 99, 147, 149, IV, 41; Isaac R., I, 152, 154; Marga- ret W., IV, 41, 42.
Canal, see Mississippi river.
CaplUl, location. I, 189, 195, 196, 240, 246,
257, 278; removal, 361; cities, see
Belmont, Burlington, Des Moines,
Iowa City. Capitol building. I, 202. 206. 207, 210, 214,
240, 361, 359, 360; III, 32, 49, 210;
commissioners on, 48, 49, 140, 210;
opening of, 128, 129. Captains of Artillery, see J. M. Coon,
Fletcher, Goode, Griffith, Hayden, J.
A. Jones, Reed, Spoor, M. C. Wright. Captives of Sioux at Spirit Lake, see
women. Cardiff giant. III, 35, 36, 37, 88, 89, 40,
41, 42. 48. Carlton, James, I, 211.
Carpenter, Cyrus C. I, 313, 314, 319, 367 : III,' 12, 45, 48, 60, 63, 181, 237 ; IV, 42; George T., 42, 43; Wm. L., Ill, 104. 105; IV, 43. 44.
Carroll county. Ill, 821, 322.
Carskaddon, David, II, 184, 186, 187.
Casady, Phineas M., IV, 44.
Cass county. III, 822, 823.
Catholic church. I, 158.
Catlin, George, I, 166, 167.
Catt, Carrie Lane Chapman, III, 261; IV, 44, 46.
Cattell, Jonathan W., IV, 46.
306
HISTOBT
CaTaliy reg ImentB, Ilf 1st — 867, SO, S89, 370, 371, 872; 2d — 872, 378, 874, 875, 376, 377, 378, 379; 8d — 881, 882, 888. 384, 385: 4tb— 386, 887, 388, 388, 890, 391; 6th--391, 892, 893. 394, 896, 896; 6th— 897, 898, 890, 400, 401; 7tli— Ml. 402; 8th-408, 408, 404, 406; 9tli— 406, 406: Company of PL Dodce, 411.
Cedar county, III* 328, 824. 826.
Cedar Creek, Battle of, II» 297, 298.
Cedar river improvement, I* 287, 240.
CensuH, of Atate, I» 249, 278, 285, 896; 11* 78; III, 44, 92, 98, 286, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290; of territory, I, 204, 206, 2U; of WiHcon»in territory. 174, 188, 184, 185.
Cerro Gordo county, III, 325, 826.
Chambers, Alexander, 11, 216, 219, 220, 221; John, I, 106, 206. 207, 209, 211, 212, 218. 219. 224 ; IV, 45, 46.
Champion's Hill, BaUle of, II, 229, 270, 271.
Chapman. John W.. IV, 46; Wm. W., I, 202, 203 : IV, 46. 47.
Chase. Dan'l D., IV, 47.
Chattanooga, Baitle of. II, 110. 806, 807.
Cheme-use. chief, I, 94, 290 (Johnny Green).
Cherokee county. Ill, 326. 327, 328.
(JhxkamAUca. Battle of. II, 110.
Chickasaw Bayou. Battle of, II, 147, 148.
149. Chickasaw county. Ill, 328, 329. Chlckasftw Indians 1, 65. Chipraan. Norton P.. II, 89, 136. 139, 140. Chippewa IndianH, I, 64, 75, 94. 95, 99,
J«JO. 101. 104. Christian. Geo. M.. IV, 47. 48. Cholora. I. 26G.
'b^utfau. AuKUHte, I, 112, 113, 143. Church, Hcc Catholic, Methodist. Cigarettes. Act to prohibit. Ill, 184. Circuit courts. Abolition of. Ill, 135. Civil and criminal practice. System of.
I. 189. Glagett. Thori. W., I, 359; IV, 48. Claim laws, I, 167, 168. 169. Claims of half-breeds, see half-breed
reservation. Clark. Chas. A.. IV, 48. 49 ; Bsekiel ,11,
51 : Geo. W.. II, 145, 329. 330. 831. 332.
334; IV, 49; Geo. R.. I, 47. 48, 49;
Ja.«. S., IV, 49. 50; Lincoln. I, 364.
365. 367; IV, 50; Rush. II, 61. 65. 67 ;
nr, 60, 61; 8am1 M^ IV, 51. J!; Talton ■., a : Wm. T.. II, SK.
Clarke, Jamea, I, 200; 219. 214. 2B; IV. 62: Wm. P./6IL SI.
Clarke county. III, 829. Sn.
CUrkMn, Coker F., IV, 51^ 64; Jai. 8., IV, 64. 66: Richard P.. IV, 66.
Clay. I, 7.
Clay county. III, S80. m, 2S2.
Clayton county, m, SSS. SIS.
Clerk and Reporter snprame eonrt, apr reporter.
Cliff dwellers, aee *"**^in^l bulld«r«.
Climate, prdiistoric. I, 4. 6^ S, 1: wee also blissard, drought, aominer tor- nado, wet season, winter.
Clinton county, UI, 334, 315.
Cloud, DaTid C, IV, 66.
Clute, Charlee, I, I4S. 344.
Coal measures, I, 3.
Code, 1, 156, 246. 264. 265, 858 ; rerialon ot II, 82 ; III, «. 68. 181. Iffi.
Coffln, Lorenao S., IV, 65. 5&
Cole, Cheater C, IV, 66, 67.
Collector of customs, Ifl, 528.
Colonels of caralry, aee D. Anderson. Bamer. Bussey, Galdwell, Dorr. El- liott, Oower. Hatch. Heath. Lowe, Noble, Pollock, A. B. Porter. Sum- mers, Thompson, Trumbull. Warren. D. S. Wilson, Wlnslow, Touns.
Colonels of infantry, aee Abbott. Jas. Baker. Banbury, Bates, Belknap. Benton, Bereman, Aaron Brown. By am, H. J. Campbell, Carakaddon. A. Chambers. G. W. Clark, Connell, Corse. Crabb. Crocker, Cummlngs, Curtis, Dewey, G. M. Dodge. Dows. Dye. Eberhart, John Edwards. Gar- rett, Geddes, Gilbert, Glasgow, Gra- ham, Hall. Hare, Hedrlck, Herron. D. B. Henderson, S. H. Henderson. Hill, Hillis. Howard, Hughes, Hum- phreys, Jackson, Elincaid. Kinsman. Kittridge, Lauman, Loper, J. A. McDowell, Mackay, Matthias, Mer- rill, W. B. Miller. N. M. HIUk. Purczel, Rankin, Reld, E. W. Rice. S. A. Rice, Sanford, Scott. Shane. Wm. T. Shaw, Small. Milo Smith. Smyth. Steele. G..A. Stone. W. Bl. Stone. Torrence. Tuttle. Yandex or. Weaver, Wever. Wilds, N. Q. Wil- liams. J. A. Williamson. J. C. Wit- Ron. WoodH, Worthington.
OF IOWA
307
Colonels of militia, 8ee Chipman, Ed- wards, iDgham, S. A. Moore, Mor- ledge. Sawyer, Sears, J. B. Weaker.
Ck>lony in Humboldt county, II» 103.
Colored regiment, II» 366, 367.
Columbia, Capture of. Ily 282.
Columbian Exposition, III> 167.
Commissaries-General. 111, 456.
Conunissions. auditing, U, 56 ; investiga- tion of auditor, III» 133; banks, !> 356; Uf 33; bonds, II, 62; capiUl locaUon, I, 189, 196, 202, 240, 246, 247, 257 ; III, 210 ; capltol, III» 48, 49 140. 210; capltol location, I» 202, 359, 360; code. I, 189. 246; III, 181; code re- vision. I, 264, 368; II, 32; III, 49. 53, 181, 188; Columbian Exposition, III, 167, 168; county, I, 189; Des Moines river land claims, III» 236, 237. 238; Des Moines river improvement. I» 269. 270 ; drafts. U, 73 ; electoral. Ill, 83 ; half-breed titles. I» 169. 170 ; In- dia relief. Ill, 185: libraries. 202; land selection. If 237; III9 216, 216: Missouri boundary. I» 180. 194. 195; investigation of offices. II, 16 ; peni- tentiary, in, 96; railway. III, 96. 145. 149. 150. 152. 161. 174. 184 ; revenue laws. III9 166 ; river improvement, h 237. 269. 361; semi-centennial state admission. III, 186; Shiloh monu- ments, 184; soldiers' monument, 184, 188; Spirit Lake monument, 181; school laws, I, 288; state depart- ments, n, 16 ; state institutions. III, 188, 191; sUtute revision, 49; Trans- Mississippi exposition. 184. 185; Vicksburg. 202.
Commissioner on Dee Moines river land claims, m, 244, 245. 246.
Commissioners, capital location at Iowa City, in, 442; dairy, 468; fish. 469; fish and game. 469; Immigration. 80. 468; labor. 468; legal inquiry. 468; pharmacy, 468, 469.
Commonweal armies, III, 177, 178.
Conger, Edwin H.. UI, 206; IV, 57. 58.
Congress, Members of, 8ce directory of public officials.
Congressional districto. Act apportion- ing sUte into six. U, 66; act creat- ing additional. 78; division of state into. If 240. 241; act reapportioning. Ill, 48. 114.
Congressmen toward Pres. Johnson. AUitude of. ni, 11. 22.
Connell. John, II, 294, 296, 296 ; IV, 58.
Connor, Jas. P., IV, 68.
Conservative republican convention. III, 12. 18.
Constitutional amendment, on election, in, 191. 202, 203. 211 ; negro suffrage. 1. 4, 7, 26, 32; on prohibition. U4, 115. 116. 117. 123. 124. 130. 131; on slavery, II, 26.
Constitutional conventions, I, 1844 — ^203, 212, 213; 1846—220, 227; 1867—278, 284, 285; III, 448, 449, 468. 469.
Constitutions, I, 1844—203, 204. 208, 2U. 212, 213, 216, 216, 217. 218, 219; 184^— 220. 227. 284. 285; 1867—852, 354, 366, 393.
Consuls to foreign cities, in, 525, 526.
Control, Board of. III, 172, 173. 191, 197, 201, 276, 468.
Conventions, see anti-monopoly, con- servative republican, constitutional, democratic, gold democratic, green- back, labor, populist, prohibition, republican, socialist, soldiers, tem- perance, territorial, union, union anti-negro suffrage, woman suffrage, whig.
Cook, John C, IV, 59 ; John P.. IV, 59 ; John E., see Harper's Ferry.
Cook county. III, 335.
Cook farm mounds, I, 17, 18.
Coon, Datus E., II, 377, 378, 379; IV, 59, 60.
Cooper, Sam'I F., II, 362. 366.
Copperheads. II, 81, 82, 83. 84.
Coppoc, Barclay, I, 376, 379; II, 1, 2, 3, 8, 12. 13. 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. 22; Ed- win, I, 279: II, 1. 2, 3, 8, 9. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19. 23.
Corinth, Battle of, II, 226, 227. 228.
Corkhill, Geo. B., IV, 60.
Corner-stone of capitol, Iowa City, I, 202.
Corse, John M., H, 44, 160, 161. 162. 163. 166, 307, 357. 358. 369 ; IV, 60. 61.
Cottle. Isaac. II, 202.
Cotton. Aylett R.. III» 29 ; IV, 61.
Coulter. Edward. II, 136. 175. 199. 201.
Council Bluffs. I, 100. 120. 147. 183. 236.
Council, see Legislative Assembly.
Counterfeiters. I, 332. 383. 334. 336.
Counties. Act governing organization. Ill, 293, 294. 296 ; naming of. 296. 286 ; brief history of the several. «ee names of counties.
908
» .
HISTOBY
Ck)UDt7» Act changing boundaries of» III, 31 ; act goyeming boundaries of, 294 ; change in name of, 11* 75 ; com- missioners, act providing for, I» 189 ; organization. 166, 175. 183, 211, 212, 219. 226. 240, 264. 278. 286.
Oourt of Claims. ««e claim laws.
Courts, Territorial, ly 186; see aZ«o judges, official directory.
Cousins, Robt. G., IV, 61. 62.
Cownie, John. III. 197; IV, 62.
Cox. Thomas. I, 206. 211.
Crabb. Benjamin. II, 235. 239.
Crapo. Philip M., IV, 62.
Cravath, Sam'l A., IV, 62, 63.
Crawford county. III, 335. 336.
Crawford, Fort, I, 78.
Crocker, Marcellus M., II, 136, 137, 140, 191, 205, 206. 207. 221, 229, 271, 272;
III, 31 ; IV, 63, 64. Crocker county. III, 336. 337.
Crops, Damage to. I, 1858 — 369; III,
1S67— 19, 20; 1873-^, 56; 188&-175.
176 ; report on. 1901, 1902—213. Crosby, J. O., Ill, 167, 187. Crosley. Geo. W., II, 142, 143, 145, 163. Culbertson, J. C, II, 62. Cummings, Henry J. B.. II, 366 ; IV, 64. Cummins. Albert B., Ill, 105, 205, 206,
207, 209, 210 ; IV, 64, 65. Curator Historical Department, III, 458. Currency, Act effecting, II, 106, 107 ; sec
also banks, wildcat. Curtis, Geo. M., IV, 65. C6 : Sam'l R., I,
253, 254, 284; II, 45, 49. 64. 136. 137,
110, 146, 147, 179, 180, ISl, 182. 183, 246.
382: IV, 66. Curtis Horse. II, 391. Curtis, Fort, II. 326. 327. Ourtjss, Chas. F., IV, f^. Custodian public buildings, III, 458. Cutts, Marscna E., Ill, 71 ; IV, 66, 67. Dakota Indians, I, 64, 91, 101, 102, 103,
106. Dallas county, III, 337, 338. Dashlell, Mark A.. IV, 67.
Davenport, George, I, 138, 154, 160, 332,
335, 336: IV, 67, 68. Davenport, town of, I, 160, 222 ; academy
of Bclenres in. 15; mounds near, 17. Davis, Jefferson, I, 81, 82, 83; Sam'l T.,
IV, 68; Timothy, IV, 68. Davi^ county. III, 338, 339. Day, Jas. G., IV, 68, 69.
Deaf and Dumb, Act establishing asylum fbr, III9 21; asylum. I, 278; Illy 274.
Dean, Amos. I, 858; Henry Clay, II« 82. 88, 84, 119; IV, 69.
Death penalty. Act abolishing, m, 48.
Decatur county. III, 839, 840.
Deemer, Horace B.. IV, 70.
Deering, Nath'l C, IV, 70.
D'IbervIllc, I, 41, 42. 48.
Delgnan. Osbom W.. IV, 70. 71.
Delaware county. Ill, 340, 841.
Delaware Indians. I, 104, 75.
Delegates in congress. III, 44; see also elections.
Democratic conventions, I, 1840 — ^203. 204; 1845—216; 184^—228; 18^ — 250; 1849-7268. 259; 1850—263; 1852—270; 1854-i274; 1855—279; 1856—288. 284; 1857—352; 1859—370; U, 1860 — 44; 1861—62, 63; 1862—78; 186»— 96 ; 1861 —117; 1865—2; 1866—13; 1867—18; 1868-24; 1869—29; 1870—33; 1871— 45; 1872—49, 50; 1876—71, 72; 187ft— 79 ; 1877—89 ; 1878—96 ; 1879—87 ; 1880 —100; 1881—109; 1882—122; 1883 — 125; 1884—132: 1885—186; 1886—137; 1887—137; 1888—168; 1889—154; 1890 -162; 1891—163; 189^—166; 1893 — 172; 1894—179; 1895—183; 189S— 187 ; 1897-189; 1898—198; 189^—200; 1900 —203; 1901—207; 1902—212.
Donirion, .Jesse W., IV, 71.
Dc Russey, Fort, II, 210, 211.
Pes Moines county. I, 173, 174 ; III, 341, 342.
Des Moiner. Fort, I, 107, 108, 161.
Des Moines navigation company. I, 358 ; III, 221, 223, 225, 227. 229, 230, 232, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243.
Des Moines river, I, 31 ; Improvement of. 237. 253, 254, 264. 269, 270. 273. 286. 351. 358; navigation of, 237. 2iS. 249, 253, 254, 264, 269, 270. 351, 358 ; rapids in, 152.
Des Moines river land grant, I, 237. 240. 248, 249. 253, 255, 358; decisions of courts concerning. III, 223. 229, 230, 232. 233, 234. 243; decisions of attor- neys-general. 217. 220. 222: extent of. 92, 215, 216. 217, 220, 221, 222, 224, 227 ; sale of lands, 221, 222, 223. 225 ; set- tlers, 165, 226, 230, 232, 235, 240. 241, 242. 243 ; value of, 246.
OP IOWA
309
Des Molnes» town of, location. If 108,
164 : mounds near, 19 ; origin of name,
3S; removal of capital to, 861. De 8oto, If 22, 23. 24, 26, 27, 42. Desperadoes in Mississippi valley. I» 331.
337. 339, 840. Devin, Michael, IV, 71. 72. Dewey. William. II, 266 ; IV, 72. Dey, Peter A., IV, 72, 78. Dickinson county. III, 342, 343. Dillon, John F., Ill, 70, 71 ; IV, 78, 74. Directory of public officials. III, 441 to
531. Discovery of Iowa. ly 30; of Mississippi
river. 23, 30. Dihfranchisement. Act of. Illy 7. Disloyal, Acts of the, II, 84. 85. 86. 87. 88,
89. 90, 91. 92, 113. 114. 116. 120. 123. 124. District attorneys, territorial. III, 441;
U. S.. 525. District Judges. sUte, III, 451. 452. 453.
454: U. S.. 526. Districts, see congressional. Judicial. Dixon, Jacob W., IV, 75; John N.. IV,
74. 76. Dodge, Augustus C, I, 187, 194. 204. 213.
215. 216. 219. 238. 239. 262. 258. 262. 370 ;
IV, 75. 76; Qrenville M.. II, 140. 145.
146, 181. 183, 217. 218 ; III, 22, 74 ; IV,
76. 77, 78; Henry. I, 82. 83. 87. 96. 97,
174, 267 : Wm. W.. IV, 78. Dodge. Fort. I, 266, 267. Dolllver, Jonathan P., Ill, 247 ; IV, 78,
79. Donelson, Battle of Fort, II, 137, 13S.
139. Donnan. Wm. Q., IV, 79. Dorr. Joseph B. 11, 402, 403. 404. 406. Dows. Wm. G., Ill, 196; IV, 79. Draft. Commission on, II, 73, 74. 76,
99, 109, U2, 114, 124 ; resistance of. 90.
91, 92. Diainagc, I, 4. Drake. Francis M.. U, 845. 346. 347. 348 ;
III, 183, 184, 189 ; IV, 80.
Drive well, controversy, III, 140, 141, 142. Drought of 1886, 1894, III, 175, 176 ; 1901
—212. Drummond. Thomas. I, 361 ; II, 386, 387 ;
IV, 80.
Dubuque. Julien. I, 109. 110. 111. 112. 113.
114, 116. 127, 129. Dubuque county, 1, 173. 174, 183 ; III, 343. Dubuque land grant, I, 110. lU. 112, 113.
114.
Dubuque lead mines, I, 75, 109, 110, 111, 112, 118, 114, 115. 116, 127, 156, 157.
Dubuque, town of, I, 157, 158, 223.
Dubuque Visitor, I, 176, 177.
Duncombe, John F., I, 311, 317, 320; IV, 81.
Dungan. Warren S.. Ill, 171. 173; IV, 81. 82.
Dunham. Clark, IV, 82.
Dunlap. Cornelius W.. II, 251. 262. 254. 255.
Dunlavey. James, II, 386.
Dye, Wm. McE.. II, 242. 244, 245, 246. 249 ; IV, 82. 83.
Dysart. Joseph. Ill, 63; IV, 83.
Eads. James D.. I, 286. 287. 366.
Early. David C, IV, 83.
Earthquake in Mississippi valley. I, 141.
Eastman. Enoch W., I, 217, 223; II, 96, 101 ; III, 1, 2 ; IV, 84.
Eaton, Ariel K.. IV, 84, 85; Willard L., Ill, 209 : IV, 85.
Eberhart, Qustavus A., II, 145, 316, 816. 318, 323.
Ebersole. Ezra C, IV, 86.
Education. Board of. II, 102. 104; prog- ress of. III, 263, 264. 2G5, 266, 267. 268, 269, 270, 271, 272; higher, I, 396; see also agricultural college, normal school, schools, university.
Educational laws. III, 263. 264. 266. 266.
Edwards, John, II, 15. 58, 61, 233. 235, 236, 237 ; IV, 86, 86.
EiboGck. Joseph, IV, 86.
Elbert, John D., I, 210; IV, 300.
Election laws. Ill, 131. 191, 202. 208.
Elections. I, 1838— 188. 202; 1889—201, 203: l»i4— 212, 218; 1845—219; 1846— 220. 227, 228; 1847—243, 244; 1848- 252; ]84»— 259; 1850—263; 1851—269; 1»64— 275; 1856—279, 280; 1856, 284; 1857—351, 362; 1858—366; 1859—371; II, 1860—45; 1861—64; 1862—78. 79; 1863—96; 1864—124, 126; 1866 — I; 1866—14; 1867—18; 186»— 25; 1869— 29; 1870—33; 1871—15; 1872-50, 52; 1873—61; 1874—69; 1875—74; 1876— 80; 1877—90; 1878—97; 187»— 98; 1880 —100; 1881—109; 1882—122; 1883— 127; 1884—132; 1886—135; 188^—137; 1887-138; 1888-153, 154; 1889—166; 1890—162; 1891—164; 1892—167; 1893 —178; 1894—179; 1896—183; 1896— 188; 1887—191; 189»-198; 1899—200; 1900—208; 1901—209; 1908—212; Act
310
mSTOEY
enabling soldiers in field to vote in, II» 75; acts governing. If 186, 208; effect of granges on, III> 57.
Elections, U. 8. Senators, I, 238, 239, 245, 252. 270, 271, 276, 2T7. 278, 286. 364, 367 ; II, 102; III, 8, 46, 47, 48, 76, 77, 93, 97, 130, 152, 153, 161.
Electoral commission, see McCrary.
Elliott, John A., IV, 86 ; Washington L., II, 372, 373. 374 ; IV, 87.
Ellis, Lyman A., IV, 87.
Emancipation proclamation, see procla- mation.
Emmet county, III, 343, 344.
English in Mississippi valley. I, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48. 49, 142, 143.
Enli&tment bounties, see bounties.
Enrollment act, II, 109.
Bricson, Chas. J. A.. IV, 87, S8.
Evans, Sam'l B., IV, 88.
Examiner of claims, III, 528.
Explorations of Louisiana purchase, see Boone. D'IbervIlle, De Sota. Henne- pin. Joliet. La Salle, Lesueur, Lewis and Clark, Long. Marquette, Nar- vaez, Nunez, Nicholet. Pike.
Expositions, see Columbian. Trans-Mis- sissippi, Louisiana Purchase.
Extra sessions legislature, see genernl assemblies, legislative assemblies, Wisconsin legislature.
Fairall, Sam'l H.. IV, 8S.
Faiichild. David S., IV% 89.
Fales. Mrs. J. T., II, 420.
Farmers' Alliance, III, 107; efiects of granges on, 58 ; improved condition of, I, 396, 397 ; III, <,]!, 62 ; protective association, 104. 105, li)6, 107; co- operation of ; sec also barbed wire, drivewell, railroads.
Farra^ut, David G., sec Fort Gaines.
Farwell, Sewcll S., IV, 89.
Faville, Oran, I, 354; II, 15; IV, 89, 90.
Fayette county, I, 183; III, 344. 345.
Federation of women's clubs, III, 261, 262.
Feeble minded, asylum, III, 274.
Fegan, Joseph D,, IV, 90.
Fellows, Liberty E., IV, 90; Stephen N.. IV, 91.
Felt, Andrew J., IV, 91, 92.
Fencing material, I, 395; III, 101, 102; see also barbed wire.
Financial condition, I, 209. 212, 246. 249. 252, 253, 264. 269. 275. 276. 286, 354. 36!^ 367. 397 ; II, 15, 66 ; III, 5. 17. 28. 62. 85. 189. 140. 154. 173. 174. 201.
Finkbine, Robert S., Ill, 140; IV, 92.
Fisher, Maturin L.. I, 275; II, 68; IV. 92. 93.
Flandreau, Chas. E., I, 323. 324, 325.
Fleming, Wm. H., IV, 93.
Fletcher, Chas. H., II, 409.
Flick, Jas. P., IV, 93.
Flint Hills, I, 151, 153, 156, 158 ; «ee aUo Burlington.
Floyd, Charles. I, 121. 122 ; John B., II, 24, 25, 28, 29. 30.
Floyd Bluff, I, 122.
Floyd county. III, 346, 346, 347.
Floyd monument. III, 203, 204.
Foote, John G., IV, 94; Andrew H., see Donelson.
Forest trees. Damage to. III, 176. 199, 212.
Fort Dodge cavalry company, see car- airy.
Forts, see Armstrong, Blakely. Craw- ford, Curtis. De Russey, Dea Moines, Dodge, Donelson, Gaines. Henry. Hill. Hindman, Lisa, Madison, Mor- gan. Pierre. Powell, Randall, Rice, Sanford. Smith, Spanish, Sully.
Foster, Sidney A., IV, 94; Suel. IV, 94, 95.
Fox county, III, 347.
Fox Indians, I, 64. 65. 66. 69, 70, 73 to 88, 93, 94, 96, 99. 100, 104, 105. 106. HO. Ill, 112, 127, 135, 156, 162, 169, 184, 208, 209, 2S3.
France, Treaty with U. S., I, B5, 56; with Spain, 56.
Franklin county, III, 347, 348.
Frederick, Benj. T., IV, 95.
Fremont county. Ill, 348, 349.
French, Alice. IV, 95.
French in Mississippi valley, I, 26, 29, 30, 31. 32, 33, 34, 35, 36. 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51. 55, 59, 109.
Frontier, Act for protection of, II, 75 ; defense of. 69, 70; guards, 16, 68; see also Sioux.
Frontier guards, I, 868.
Fruit growing. III, 2S8 ; act encourag- ing. 21.
Fuller, Mrs. I. K., II, 420; Wm. E., IV, 95. 96.
OP IOWA
311
Fulton, Ambrose C, IV, 96; Alex. R.,
96. 97. Fund, emergency war» II, 64. Fnnk, Abraham B., Ill, 181. 190 ; IV, 97 ;
Jas. H., Ill, 191 ; IV, 97. 98. Fur trade. I, 39. 46. 46. 49. 111. 209. Gaines. Fort. II, 832, 333. 334. Galland. Isaac. I, 163. 178; Washington.
IV, 98. Gallup, Wm. H., IV, 98. Gardner. Abbie. I, 298, 299. 300. 323, 326,
S26; nee also Sharp. Gardner family, I, 296; 297, 298. 300, 304. Garland, Hamlin, IV, 99. Garrett. John A., II, 361. 364, 365. 366;
IV, 99. Gatch, Conduce H., IV, 99, 100. Gear, John H., Ill, 68, 72, 76, 87, 93, 98,
99. 108 ; IV, 100, 101. Geddes. Jas. L., II, 173, 174. 175, 1T7, 178 ;
IV, 101, 102. General Assemblies. 1st, I, 237, 240, 244;
2d— 262 ; 3d— 263 ; 4th— 269 ; 6th— 275 ;
6th— 286: 7th— 364, 366, 367; 8th, II,
16. 64, 66 : 9th— 64, 66, 71, 74, 78 ; 10th
—99, 102, 103, 104, 106; 11th— 6, 6, 7,
8. 9: 12th— 20. 21, 22. 26; 13th— 29, 30, 31, 32; 14th — 46, 48, 49, 63; 15th— 63, 64, 66, 66, 67, 68, 69 ; 16th— 76, 77 ; 17th —93; 18th— 99; 19th— 113; 20th, 128; 21st— 135, 160; 22d— 142, 146, 150, 161, 162; 23d— 157, 161; 24th— 164, 165; 26th— 173, 180, 181; 26th— 183, 188; 27th— 191, 192, 198; 28th— 200, 201, 202 ; 29th — ^209, 210 ; Extra sessions of, I, 244. 283; II, 8th— 54, 57, 61, 62; 9th— 71, 73, 74 ; lU, 26th— 188 ; mem- bers of. 459 to 524.
Generals, see brigadier, major. Geological growth, I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
9, 10, 11, 15.
Geological Survey. I, 278 ; III, 9. 10. 166.
468. Geologists, State, III, 458. Gettysburg, Battle of, II, 98, 99. Giant, see Cardiff. Oiard-Basil, I, 116. 129. Gilbert, Jas. I., II, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293,
841; IV, 102. Gllbertson, Gilbert 8., IV, 102. Gill, Geo. B., I, 375, 879, 881 ; II, 2. 5. Gillette, Bdward H., IV, 102. Gilman, Chas. C, IV, 108. GiTon, Josiab, IV, 108, 104 ; Welker, 104. Glacial drift, tee soila.
Glaciers. I, 6, 7, 9.
Glasgow. Sam'l L., II, 266. 267. 268 ; IV, 104.
" Glimpse of Iowa," Newhall, I, 220, 221.
Godfrey, Geo. L.. IV, 104, 106.
Gold democrat convention. III, 189.
Golden Circle, see knights.
Goods, Philip H.. II, 410.
Goodrell. Stewart. IV, 106, 106.
Gopher, value of, to soils, I, 8.
Gorrell, Joseph R., IV, 106.
Governor, Acts concerning, II, 102.
Governors, see Boies, Briggs, C. C. Car- penter, Chambers, Jas. Clarke, Cum- mins, Drake, Gear, Grimes, Hemp- stead, Jackson, Kirkwood, Larrabee, Lowe, Lucas, Merrill, Newbold, L. M. Shaw, B. R. Sherman, W. M. Stone.
GoTcrnors, Council of war, II, 77, 78; of state. III, 449; of territory. 441; messages, see also messages.
Governor's Grays. II, 62.
Gower. James O.. II, 368. 371 ; IV, 106.
Graham. Harvey. II, 260. 262. 263; IV, 106.
Grand Army of Republic. Ill, 277. 278. 279, 280, 457.
Grange, III, 66, 66, 57, 58. 59. 67. 71. 76. 90. 107. 148 ; law. 66, 68, 70, 77, 93, 94.
Granger, Barlow, rv, 106. 107; Chas. T.. 107; Gorden, see Fort Gaines, Mo- bile.
Grant. James. I, 269 ; IV, 107, 106 ; Ulys- ses S. at Des Moines, III, 74, 75, 76, see also Belmont, Champion's Hill, Chattanooga, Donelson, Henry, luka, Vicksburg.
Grants of land, see land.
Grasshoppers, Visitation of. III, 19, 20, 55, 56.
Graves, Julius K., IV, 106.
Gray-beard regiment, see 37th infantry.
Greenback party conventions. III, 1876 —78, 79; 1877—89; 1878—96; 1879— 97, 98; 1880—100; 1881—108; 1882— 122; 1883—126; 1885—136; 1886—137- 1889—155.
Greene, George. IV, 108, 109.
Greene county. III, 349, 860.
Grierson, BenJ. H.. II, 389.
Grierson's raid. II, 376. 377. 378.
Griffith, Joseph, II, 260.
Grimes, Jas. W., I, 188, 223, 271, 274, 276, 276, 278, 279, 261, 283, 286, 813, 328, 829,
312
IH.KI.MI.in; 11. 4». 79, KB; Ul,
23, M. 21, 225. 2W; IV, 109, llO. CrlmeB county 111, BBO. OTlimtlt. Joslah B., 111.1,1,17; IV, lU. arlnnell (ornadD. III. IIJ. 120, 131, m. OniDdr countT, lU, SGO, SSI. •Que, Ban]. F., I, 387 : III, 1, L B, » ;
■V, lu, 111; DaTld J., II, a«, a ;
IV, m. 111.
Qullban, Edw«rt A., IV, US. OuilUr, PranclB, IV, 113, Ul. Ourlej. Wm. H. F., IV, 114. Qntbiie countT, III, 3B1, 3S2. QTpeuin, III, 43. 44, 289, 290. Haddock, Oeo. C, III, 138, 133. HiEW, A. L., IV, 114. HBlt-brMd reaervatlon, I, 78. 154, 109,
170, m. 171. Hall. AuKut^tus, IV, 114, lt&: DeatoD J..
U5; James, III, 10. 3S, 37, 40; Joua-
tbmn C, IV, 115, 116. Hallvck, Heory W„ tee Corinth. Hum, Mo^es M.. IV, UO. HamlltOD. JohD T., IV, 113; Wni. W.,
1, 2SB. lie: IV, 117. Hunlltoa cauntT. III. 352. 353. Hsmmond. Wm. G., IV, 117, 113. Han.otk county, Ht, 363, S54. Hinna, Philip C IV, 118. Hardin county. III. 354, 355, 35*!. Hare, Abraliam M.. II. 19S. Hnrlan. Ann E., II, 420, 421 ; Jame". I.
243. 27B. 279. 2S0. 28«: 11. 4», 79, 127:
■II, 8. 23, 45, 46. 47. 4R. 76. 77. 182. 1 S3.
190, 225, 236, 2M: IV, IIS, 119. Harpei
4, 6, 6, 7
raw, 23, !4, 25 ; i
infcd-
dcrson, Coppoc, Gill, Tajlol .rrlman, W. F., IV. 120,
I. ^6. 357.
, Elden
, 120.
Har
IlRr
HarlsTllle, Battle of, II, IS2, 253.
IlBBflnes. Scrrnnus C, I. ISS, 218, 221;
IV, 120, 121. Hall*. Edward. II, 373. 374. 375, 376, 3T7.
373 ; IV, 121. Hstton. Frank, IV, 121, 122.
Gllber
', 122.
I, 17S.
Hayden, Mortimer M.. II, 410 Hayen, Waller I,, IV, 122. Haya, Edward R., IV, 122.
Harward, Wm. C. IV, US.
Hailolt, Albert, lee Hariier'a Ferry.
Hud. Albert, III. 13G Iv, 123.
Heads of V, 8. depanmenta. III, E24.
HfQlili, Board of, in, 459.
Healy, Tho^. D., rv 123.
Heath, Herman H., II, 401. 40Z.
Heborrt, Alfred, IV, 134.
Hpdgc. Thomasi, IV, 124.
Hrdrlc-k, John M.. 11, HE, 06, 38, 21»;
IV, 134, 12G. Helena, Battle of. II, 326, 326, 317. Hemenway, Herman C. IV, UG. Hempetead. Stephen. I, 188, 201, 212, 213.
240. 263, 264, 269, I7S: III, SM ; IV,
125, 126. HenilerBhott. Henry B.. IV, IZS. Henderaan, David B., II, 407; IV, U6,
127; Paris P., 127; Stephen H., II,
407. Hendricks, Joel B.. IV, 137. Hfnn, Bernhnrt. IV, 12S. Hennepin. U>\i\e. I, 39, 40, 102. Henry county. 111. 357, 3GS. Henry, Fnrt. II, 137 Hepburn. Wm. P., II, 377. 378; IV, US.
129, Herrlotl, Isaac H., I, 296, 297, 2S8, 299:
Jobn, III, 207. 209: IV, 129. Hirron, Francis J., II. 52, 135, 179. ISl.
1S3, 1B1, 188, 239. 240, 241. 242, 243. 244,
247, 24S, 331, 354; IV. 129. 130. Heocll. Sumner B., IV, 130. Illldrclh, Azro B. F., IV, 130, 131. Hill, C.ershom H., IV, 131 ; SylvcBter- G..
11. 337, 342. -■143: IV, 131. Hill. Fort, II, 229, 230. Hillii^, HiivM B,. II. 229: IV. 131, 132. IKMTiKcr, .lohn, IV. 132. Hinclman. Fort. II. 2R5, Hinlon, Rlcbard J., I. 375. HlnorlcBl department. III, 161. 165, 2S3.
2.S4. 458: bulldlnr:. I'i4. HiHorical society. III. 276. J77. HohHon, Alfred K.. IV, 132, Holme-. Adonlram J., IV, 1J2. 133; Wm.
H„ 133.
', II. 61
OF IOWA
313
Horr, Asa. IV» ISI.
Horse thieves, I» 381, 882, 888, 384. 336,
840. Horticultural society, lU, 282, 283, 466. Horton, Chas. C, IV, 133. 134. Hoepers, Henry, IV, 134. Hough, Emerson. IV, 134. House of RepresentatiTos, see Legisla- tive Assembly. Howard, Noel B., IV, 135 ; Oliver O.. see
Chattanooga, Resaca. Howard county. III, 368, 359. Howe, Orlando C, IV, 136, 136; Sam'l
A., 136. Howe family. I, 296, 297, 800. 302. Howell, Jas. B.. IV, 136, 137. Hubbard, Asahel W.. II, 58. 69 ; III, 22 ;
IV, 187; Elbert H.. 137; Nath'l M..
137. 138. Hudson. Silas A.. IV, 138. Hudson's Bay company. I, 45. Hughes, David H.. II, 353. 354; Joseph
C. IV, 138. 139. Hugo, Victor, on John Brown, lit 31. Hull, John A. T., Ill, 135, 137, 142; IV,
139. Humboldt county. Ill, 359, 360, 361. Humphreys, W. B., Ill, 196. Hunter, Geo. D., II, 202; John D., IV,
139, 140. Hurley, Jas. S.. IV, 140. Hutchins. Stllson. IV, 140. 141. Hutchinson. Jos. O.. IV, 141. Ida county. III, 361. 362. Illinois Indians, I, 31, 37, 64, 65, 66. 73. Illinois Territory. I, 141. 182. Immigration. Board of. Ill, 30. 458. Impeachment of Pres. Johnson, attitude
of congressmen on. Ill, 22. 23. Inaugural address. Boies. Ill, 160, 161,
166; Larrabee, 142, 148; Cummins,
209, 210. Indemnity, to settlers on Des Moines
river land grant. Ill, 235. 237. 238,
239, 243, 244. 246. 246. 247; fund, see
Des Moines river lands, swamp
lands. Indian agencies. Inspector of. Ill, 629. Indian agenU, lU, 529. Indian treaties with U. S., Chippewa,
I, 99; Delaware, 148; Fox, 76, 77, 78,
87, 88, 96, 96, 99, 100, 106, 144, 109, 184,
208; Iowa, 70, 144; Kickapoo, 144;
Omaha, 144; Osage, 144; OtUwa. 99;
PotUwattamie, 90, 100, 101, 144, 2»;
Sac, 75, 76. 77, 78, 87, 88. 96, 96, 99, 100, 106, 144, 169, 184, 208; Sioux, 60, 96, 96, 104, 144, 184; Winnebago, 87, 96, 96, 100; Wyandot, 143.
Indian tribes, see Algonquin, Chicaaaw, Chippewa, Dakota, Delaware, Fox, Illinois, Iowa, Iroquois, Kickapoo, Mascoutine, Miama, Missouri, Mus- quakie, Omaha, Osage, Ottawa, Ot- toe. Pawnee, Pottawattamie, Sac, . Sioux, Sisseton, Winnebago, Wyan^ dot.
Indiana Territory, I, 144, 182.
Industrial schools. III, 189, 202, 275.
Infantry regiments. II, 1st — 63, 64, 181, 132. 133, 134, 135, 136; 2d— 136, 137, 138. 139. 140; 3d— 141. 142. 148, 144, 145; 4th— 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 160, 151; 6th— 158. 154, 156. 156. 157, 158, 159; 6th— 160. 161, 162, 168, 164, 166; 7th— 167, 168, 169, 170. 171, 172, 178; 8th— 178, 174, 175, 176. 177. 178 ; 9th— 179. 180. 181. 182. 183, 184, 186, 186, 187, 188; 10th— 188. 189. 190. 191, 192, 198, 194; 11th— 196. 196. 197. 198; 12th— 199, 200. 201. 202. 203; 13th— 206, 206, 207. 208; 14th— 208, 209. 210. 211, 212. 213 ; 15th— 215. 216, 217. 218, 219 ; 16th — 219, 220, 221, 222, 223; 17th — ^225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232; 18th— 232, 233, 234. 236, 236, 237; 19th— 289, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 246; 20th— 246, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250; 21st— 251, 252, 253, 254. 255, 256, 257; 22d— 267, 268, 259, 260, 261. 262. 263; 23d— 265, 266, 267, 268, 269; 24th— 269, 270. 271, 272, 273, 274, 276. 276. 27!; 26th— 279. 280. 281. 282. 283; 26th— 283, 284, 286, 286, 2^; 27th— 289, 290, 291, 292, 293; 28th —293, 294, 296, 296, 297, 296; 29th— 299, 300. 801. 802, 303; 80th— 804. 306, 306, 307, 808, 309; 81st— 3U, 812, 818. 314. 315; 82d— 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 320, 321. 322. 823; 83d— 326, 826, 827. 828. 329; 34th— 829. 830. 981, 832, 833, 334, 335; 85th— 837, 838, 889, 340. 841, 342, 343; 86th— 343, 344, 845, 346, 347. 348, 349: 87th— ^51, 862, 868; 88th— 363, 864, 866; 89th— 865, 356, 887, 858, 350; 40th— 861, 862, 868, 864, 365, 866; 44th— 407; 45th— 406; 46th— 407; 47th — 407, 408; 48th — 406; Colored regi- ment, 866, 867; in, 49th— 196; 61at —194; 62d— 194.
314
mSTOBY
Ingham. Harvey. IV, 141. 142; S. R.. 11,
71. 75; Wm. H., IV, 142. Inheritance tax. Ill, 184. Ink-pa-du-tah. I, 291, 292. 293. 297. 302, 324. 327.
Intfane hospitals. III, 21. 31, 139. 273. 274.
Inspector-General. II, 161; III, 455.
Inspectors, see Indian agencies, oil. mine.
Interest. Legal rate of. Ill, 161.
Investigating committee on State Treas- ury. Ill, 54, 55; on Agricultural ODiIege, 63, 64. 65.
Investigation of Harper's Ferry raid. see Harper's Perry.
Iowa, Admission of, I, 213; Battalion, II, 217; brigades. 152. 196. 197. 198. 207. 216. 217. Z18, 219. 220, 221. 280. 281. 282, 308. 314; discovery of, 30; Dis- trict. 162, 163. 165, 173; first white settler in, 109; Indians, 64. 65. 66. 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 94, 104, 120, 148, 151 ; men in Kansas war, 376; origin of name, 67: semi-centennial celebra- tion of admission of. III, 184, 185; treaty embracing, 75.
Iowa City, I, 196. 197, 198, 206, 207, 210, 222, 351.
Iowa County, I, 166 ; III, 362, 363.
Iowa river Improvement, I, 237, 240.
Iowa territory, I, 165, 166, 182, 185, 186, 213, 220. 221.
Irish, John P.. lY, 142, 143.
Iron Brigade, II, 210, 211. 212.
Iroquois Indians, 1, 64, 65. 73, 74.
Irwin, John N.. IV, 143.
Isbcll, Norman W., lY, 143, 144.
Irland Number Ten, II, 189.
luka. Battle of, II, 155, 156, 157. 220, 225, 226.
IvBB. Chas, J., IV, 144.
Jackson. D. V.. Ill, 194. 196; Frank D., 171, 173, 177, 182; IV, 144, 145.
Jackson county. Ill, 363, 364, 365.
JackRon, Siege and battles of, II, 162, 163.
Jarote, Dr., I, 156.
Jat'per county. III, 365, 366.
Jefferson county. III, 366, 367.
Jenkin's Ferry. Battle of, II, 363, 364, 365.
JenningB. Bcrryman, I, 153, 158 ; IV, 145.
Johnson, J. C, I, 311, 314, 315, 316, 317.
Johnson county. I, 183 ; III, 367, 368.
Johnston, Edward. I, 169. 201. 204, 221;
III, 167 ; IV, 146. 146.
Joliet. Louis. I, 29. 80. 31. 83. 83. 84. 85.
36. 37. 88. Jones, George W., I, 173, 178, 182. 248, 262.
262. 271. 364; II, 84. 86, 86; IV, 146.
147 ; Junius A.. II, 409. Jones county. III, 868. 369, 870. Joy, Edmund L., IV, 147; Whl L.., 1€7.
148. Judge-Advocates-General. Illy 465. Judges, state courts. III, 441. 460. 461.
452, 453, 454; U. S. courts. 624. 526;
see also district, directory, suprenEM,
United Stales. Judicial districts, I, 241. Junkin, Joseph M., IV, 148; Wm. W.,
IV, 148, 149.
Kagi, John H., see Harper's Ferry-
Kamrer, John L.. IV, 149.
Kanesville, see Council Bluffs.
Kasson, John A.. II, 16, 42. 48 ; lU, 32,
80, 85, 126. 129, 130, 204 ; IV, 148, 160,
151. Keables. BenJ. P., IV, 151. Kearny, S. W., I, 161, 162. Keatley, John H., IV, 151. 152. Keeler, Wm. B., II, 337, 338, 343. Kellogg, Racine D., II, 55; IV, 152. Kelly, John C, IV, 153. Keokuk, chief, I, 78, 85, 87. 88, 89, 90. 92. Keokuk county, I, 183 ; III, 370, 371. Keokuk, reserve. I, 87. 90; town of, 152.
153, 222. Kerr, Daniel. IV, 153. Ketcbum, ilarriet A.. IV, 1B3. Keycs, Cha.s. R., IV, 154. Kickapoo indiany, I, 65, 74. Kilbum, Lucian M., IV, 154. Kimaid. Geo. W., II, 351, 352. King, John. IV, 155; Wm. P., 155, 156. Kinne, La Vega G., Ill, 109, 113. 165. 197;
IV, 156. Kinney. John F., IV, 156. Kinsman, Wm, H.. II, 255, 265. 266 ; IV,
157. Klrkwood, Sam'l J.. I, 357, 364. 366, 367.
370. 371 ; II, 2. 15. 16, 17, 19. 20, 21, 83,
34. 49, 50, 51, 52, 53. 54. 55, 58. 61, 62.
63. 64, 65. 67. 71. 73. 74, 77, 78. 87. 94.
100. 101 ; III, 8. 72. 73. 76. 77, 85. 86,
108, 113; IV, 157. 158. KIshkekosh, chief, I, 92, 93. Kishkekosh county. III, 371, 872.
OF IOWA
315
KUtrldge. ChaB. W., II» 827, 844, 345, 846, 848; IV, 158, 159.
Knapp, Joseph C, IV, 159.
Knights of Qoldon Circle, II» 84. 86. 87. 91, 116.
Knoepfler, John B., IV, 169.
Knoll, Fred'k M., IV, 159. 160.
Kossuth county, HI, 372, 8^.
Labor party conventions, III» 1887 — 137 ; 1888—153 ; 188^—155 ; 1890—162.
Lacey, John F.. II, 178 ; IV, 160.
Ladd, ScoU M., IV, 160, 161.
Lake, Jed, II, 292, 293 ; lU, 141 ; IV, 161.
Land grant, 8ee Agricultural college, Chouteau, Des Moines river, Du- buque, Oiard, railroad, river im- provement, schools, state univer- sity, Tesson.
I«and office. State, I, 278; III, 450; of United States, 441, 442, 527, 528.
Lands, Half-breed, see half-breed reser- vation.
Lane, Jas. T., IV, 161, 162; Joseph R., 162.
Langworthy, James L., I, 156, 156. 167; IV, 162, 163 ; Lucius H., I, 155, 157 ; IV, 162, 163.
Larrabee, Wm., Ill, 96, 135, 137, 142, 143, 144. 145, 147. 149, 158. 159, 160, 161, 197 ; IV, 168.
La Salle, Cavalier de, I, 89, 40, 41. 42.
Lathrop, Henry W., IV, 163, 164.
Lauman, Jacob O., II, 138. 162, 163, 167, 168. 169. 170; IV, 164.
lawmakers, see directory, pioneer.
Laws, see claim, acts general assem- blies, grange, women.
Lea, Albert M., I, 161, 162. 168. 164. 165. 195 ; IV, 164, 165.
Lead mines, see Dubuque.
Leake, Joseph B., n, 242, 243, 245, 246, 248, 249, 882; IV, 165,166.
Le Claire. Antoine. I, 67. 160 ; IV, 166.
Lee. Henry W.. rv, 166. 167; Robt E., 96e Army of Potomac.
Lee county. III, 27Z, 874, 875.
Lefflngwell ,Wte. B., I, 269.
Leffler. Shephard, I, 212, 817 ; IV, 167.
Legislative Assembly, I, 186, 1st — ^188, 189, 190, 191, 192; 2d— 201, 202, 203; Sd— 206, 206; 4th— 206; 6th— 210; 6th — ZU; 7th— 218; 8tb— 219; III, 442, 443, 444, 446, 446, 447 ; extra aeaeUm of, I, 808, m.
Legislative Assembly, Michigan, I, 173. Legislative Assembly, Wisconsin, I, 169,
170. 174. 176. 177. 178, 182, 183; extra
seaaiona, 184. Legislative control of corporations. III,
209, 210; see alao barbed wire, drive
wells, railroads. liCgislature, see legislative and general
assemblies. Legislature, First, I, 155. 156. Leeueur, I, 42. 109. Letcher. Governor. II, 17. 21, 23. Letter of Kirkwood to peace convention,
II, 49, 50.
Letter of warning. II, 2. 24, 25. 26, 27, 28,
29, 30. Lererett, Frank, IV, 167, 168. Lewelling, Lorenzo D., IV, 168. Lewis. Warner. IV, 168, 169; W. R., 169;
Meriweather, ace Lewis and Clark
expedition. Lewis and Clark expedition, I, 103, 118.
119. 120, 121. 122, 123, 124. Librarians of state, III, 457. 458 ; of ter- ritory. 442.
Libraries. Act to tax for support of. III,
48 ; public, 202. Library, I, 257 ; commission on. III, 202 ;
state. 202. License law. Ill, 160. 161. Lieatenant-Oeneral. Act creating rank
of. II, 111. LieuteDant-Oovemor, Origin of office. I,
354. Lieutenant-Governors, III, 449; see alao
Bestow. Bulls. F. T. Campbell. Dim-
gan. Dysart, Eastman. Faville, B. F.
Ouc, J. Herriott, Hull, Manning,
Milliman, Needham, Newbold, Par-
rott Poyneer, Rusch, Scott, Walden. Lincoln, Abraham, I, 81 ; II, 43, 48. 50,
51. 52. 71. 77. 78. 80, 84, 92. 97. 115, 118,
120, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 172 ; Jas. R.,
III, 194; IV, 169. Linderman, Charles, IV, 169, 170. Linn county. III, 375, 376, 877.
Liquor traffic, I, 177, 243. 279; see alao prohibitory, mulct
Lisa. Fort. I, 147.
Little Rock, II, 870. 371.
Loan and savings companies. Ill, 184.
Local option, see license.
Location of capital, see capital, commis- sion.
Loess, I, 8; see alao soils.
316
mSTOBY
Logan, John A., see Champion's Hill,
Resaca, Vicksburg. Long, Major S. H., I, 146, 147. 148, 149. Lookout Mountain, Battle of, ll* 150. Loper, John C, Illy 196. Loras, Mathiaa, IV, 170. Lott, Henry, I, 289, 290. 291. 292. Loughridge, Wm., HI, 22 ; IV, 170. Louisa county, III» 377, 37S. Louisiana purchase. Acquisition of, I,
55, 56; extent, 56, 57, 59; exposition,
III, 210; French in. I, 26. 59; Spanish in, 21, 25. 51. 55; states in- cluded in, 56; value of. 57; explora- tions of. see also explorations.
Louisiana Territory, I, 40, 41, 43, 44. 55,
56, 117. 118. 133. 142. Love, Jaa. M., IV, 170, 171.
Lowe, Bnos. I, 227, 283 ; IV, 171 ; Ralph P., I, 212, 216, 221, 252. 365 ; II, 15, 62 ;
IV, 17J, 172; Wm. W., II, 391. 392. 393.
Lowry. Robert. I, 281.
Lucas, Robert. I, 187, 188. 189, 190, 191,
192, 194, 197, 201, 202, 206. 206. 207. 212,
232. 236 ; IV, 172.
Lucas county. III, 378. 379.
Lyman, Joseph, IV, 172.
Lynchings. I, 340. 341, 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347, 348.
Lyon, Orlo H., II, 410; Nathaniel, see Wilson's Creek.
Lyon county, III, 379. 380.
McArthur, Wm. C, IV, 173.
McCarthy. Cornelius G.. IV, 173.
McClaIn, Emil, IV, 173, 174.
McCleary, Geo. W.. I, 219.
McClellan, Geo. D., II, 120, 122. 124.
McClemand, John A., sec Arkansas Post, Black River Bridge, Donelson, Vicks- burg.
McCoid, Moses A„ IV, 174.
McCollough, Canada, I, 349, 350.
McCrary. Geo. W„ I, 360, 366, 367; III, 76, 81, 82, 85. 98, 109, 110 ; IV, 174, 175.
McDlll. James W., II, 6. 7; III, 108. 113 ; IV, 175, 176.
McDowell. John A.. II, 160, 161, 162.
McFarland, Sam'l, I, 286.
McGee, W. J., IV, 176.
McJunkln, John P.. IV, 176, 177.
McKean, John, IV, 177.
McMillan. Horace G.. IV, 177.
McNutt, Samuel. IV, 178.
McPherson, Smith, IV, 178 ; Jas. B., aee Champion's Hill, Resaca.
McVey, Alfred H., IV, 178, 179.
Mackay, Cyrus H., II, 326, 327. 828, SO; IV, 179.
Madison county. III, 380. 381, 382.
Madison, Fort, I, 77, 86, 91. 135, 138, 187, 153; tow^ of, 158. 221.
Magoon, Geo. P., rv, 179.
Mahaska, chief, I, 68, 69, 70, 71.
Mahaska county. III, 382, 383.
Mahin, John, IV, 179, 180.
Mahoney, Dennis A., II, 86 ; IV, ISO, ISL
Major-General, see Curtis, O. M. Dodge, Herron. Steele; brevet major-gen' eral, see Belknap, Corse. W. L. El- liott Hatch, Vandever.
Mallory. Smith H., Ill, 186 ; IV, 18L
Manning. P4dwin, IV, 301; Orlando H..
III, 109, 113. 126, 128; IV, 181. Manufactures. Ill, 289.
Mcrais. Chevalier, I, 151.
Marble, Mrs. Margaret A., I, 801. 802,
323, 324, 326. Marble family, I, 296, 301. Marion county. III, 383. mi. Markham, Morris. I, 296, 302, SOS. 804.
306, 309, 312. Mark's Mills. Battle of, 11^ 346. 347. 348. Marquette, Jacques, I, 29, 30, 31. 32, 33.
34, 35, 36, 37; IV, 181, 182. 183. Marshall county. Ill, 384, 385. 386. Marshals, U. S. of territory. Ill, 441 ;
state, 525. Martin, Wm. B., IV, 183. Mascoutines Indians. I, 65, 66, 94, 106. Mason. Charles, I, 172. 199, 243. 246; II,
62, 64; IV, 183. 184; Edward R., 184;
Wm. E., 185. Massacre, sec Minnesota, Spirit Lake.
Springfield. Matson, Sylvester G.. IV, 185. Matthles, Chas. L.. II, 52, 153, 154, 156,
157. 192. 193, 307 ; IV, 185. 186. Mattocks family. I, 296, 297. 298, 299. Maxson. Wra., I, 377. ^faxwell. J, N., I, 313, 314. 316 ; Sara B..
IV, 186.
Meade, Geo. G., see Gettysburg. Meadows, River of, see Mississippi. Melendy. Peter. IV, 186, 187. Merrill. Nath'l A., IV, 187; Sam'l. II,
251, 252. 253, 255, 256: HI, 17. 21, 26.
29. 34; IV, 187. 188.
OF IOWA
317
Herritt, William H., II, 63. 63. 132 ; IV,
188. Merry, John P., IV, 189. Mesasippi, see Mississippi. Meeervey, Stillman T.. IV, 189. Messages of governors, Boies, III, 173;
Brlggs, I, 244, 263; Carpenter. Ill,
63; Chambers, I, 206, 211; Clarke,
219, 220; Grimes, 286. 328, 329, 364.
362, 363; Hempstead. 269. 276; Klrk-
wood, II, 20, 65. 66. 66, 74, 100; Lar-
rabee. III, 144. 158, 159, 160 ; Lucas. I,
188, 189. 201. 202; Shaw. Ill, 201;
Sherman. 130; Stone, 6. 20. Methodist church, I, 158. Metzgar, George. IV, 189. 190. Mexican War, Iowa in. I, 224. 225. 226. Meyer, John, IV, 190. Meyers. J. Fred.. IV, 190, 191. Miami Indians. I, 66, 74. Mic'Eigan Territory. 1, 144, 173, 182. Miles, Lewis, IV, 191. Military expenditure. III, 6. «
Military officers. III, 465. Military secretaries to governor. Ill, 465. Militia. II, 57. 58. 75. 76, 89. 94. 112. 113.
114, 115; law, 66, 76. 102; officers of.
aeo colonels. Millard, A. J., II. 69, 76. Miller, Dan'l F.. I, 221. 251. 262. 269. 260 ;
IV, 191; Sam'l F.. I, 361; IV, 191.
192; Wm. B.. II, 294; IV, 192. 193. Milliman, Jas. C, III, 190, 191, 201 ; IV,
193. Mills. Fred'k D., I, 217. 224. 226; IV,
193. 191; Noah W.. 194: Oliver, 194,
195. Mills county. III, 886. 387. Mine Inspectors, III, 458; act creating
office of. 135. Mineral resources. III, 289. 290. Miners' Bank, see bank. Miners' Express, see Dubuque Visitor. Mines of Spain, see Dubuque lead mines.. Ministers to foreign countries. Ill, 525. Minnesota Massacre. II, 69, 70. 71. Mississippi river, canal. I, 253; III, 86:
discovery of. I, 28, 80 ; navigation of.
49, 51. 52, 63, 64, 66, 141, 142, 144;
origin of name, 26, 27 ; prehistoric. 4 ;
various names of. 23. 40. 41 ; see also
explorations. Missisiiippi valley, settlements In, I, 42,
48, 44. 51. 62. 58.
Missouri, boundary dispute, I, 146, 146,
178, 180, 193, 194, 195. 208, 266; slope,
acquisition of, 184. Missouri Indians, I, 64, 120, 147, 148. Missouri river, I, 4, 41; navigation of
146, 147; exploration of, see also
Lewis and Clark. MlBsouri Territory. I, 144. 145. 156. Mitchell. Thos.. IV, 196; Wm. O.. Ill,
165 ; IV, 196. Mitchell county. Ill, 387. 888. 389. Mobile. Capture of. II, 176. 177. 178. >io(Iett. Chas. P.. I, 376. Moningona River, see also Des Moines. Monona county. Ill, 389, 390. Monopolies, Legislative control of, see
drive well, barbed wire, railroads. Monroe City. I, 246. 257. Monroe county. Ill, 390. Montgomery county. III, 390. 391. Monuments, see Floyd. Shiloh. Soldiers',
Spirit Lake. Vicksburg. Moore. Sam'l A., U, 94 ; IV, 196. 196. Morgan. James M.. I, 210. 218. Morgan. Fort. II, 333. 334. Morledge, John R.. II, 57. 68. Mormon colonies. I, 230. 232, 233. 234. 2S6,
236. 237. Mormons in Iowa. I, 231. 232, 233, 234, 235,
236. 237. Moscow, Battle near, II, 236. Mound builders. I, 16, 17. 18. 19. 20. Mounds, prehistoric. 1, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Mount Pleasant Greys. II, 52. Mowry. Welcome, IV, 196. Mulct law. Ill, 180. Mullan. Chas. W., IV, 197. Murdock. Samuel. IV, 197. Murphey. Jeremiah H., IV, 197. 198. Murphy. John S., IV, 198. Murcatine county. Ill, 391. 392. 393. Muscatine, town of, see Bloomlngton. Musquakie Indians. I, 73. 98. 94. 104. 106,
290. Naming of Iowa, I, 166. 166. Narvaez. Panfllo. I, 20. 21. 22. Nash. John A.. IV, 196. Nashville. Battle ot n, 339, 840, 341, 342,
843. National banks, see bank. National guards. III, 193. Navigation convention, m, 28. Navigation, see Cedar, Des Moines.
Iowa, Mississippi, Missouri, Skunk,
river Improvement.
818
mSTOBY
NMdbam, Jolui B^ II9 Ol H C, M; IT,
NegToea, Aet coneemtng frec^ Of 101 ; aet pfoblMttBg Mttloiiait c^ h U9^ UO* 284; 6i&ciaUm conoernlDg; 99; Mcap« through Iowa, 881, S^ 888; In ro- btllloiiy II9 888^ 887; snflrMBO ot IHy 1, X 8; 4. 7. ISb 88.
NMrttorodo, a O, IT, 198.
Noatral gimmda, 1, 96, 861108, 184.
NowboU, Joohna O^ HI* 78, 78; 87, 88; IT, 198, 800.
NowhaU. J. a, I, 880. 88L
Nlcfaolot* Jean, I, 8Q, 88.
Nobla, John W.. n, 888, 884, 886 ; IT» 800, JQl; lordla, I» 801, 828, 8Si 886; Ron- ban, 876 : IT, 2QL
Ndble family, I» 800, 802.
Nonnal achool, IH, 870, 871, 466.
North, Ada B., IT, 201, 208.
Korthwart for eompany, h 48, 130.
Northwaet Territory, I» 80, 61, 144.
NoaraOi Ohas. 0., IT, 208, 808.
NowUn, Harding IT, 202.
Itanoa, AlTar, I, U, 88.
0*Brlia eonnty, m, 898, 884.
0*Conntf], Maurloe D.^ IT, 808.
O*0onnor, Henry, m, 1; IT, 801, 804.
Oflloere of artillery, II9 Ist — 409; 2d — 409, 410 ; 3d— 410 ; 4th— 410.
Offlcera of cavalry regiments, Ily 1st — 867; 2d— 672; 3d— 381; 4th— 386; 5th — «91; 6th— 387; 7th— 401; 8th— 408; 9th — 406; Ft. Dodge company, 411.
Officers of infantry regiments, II9 Ist — 68; 2d— 136; 8d— 141; 4th— 145; 5th —153; 6th— 160; 7th— 167; 8th— 178; 9th— 179; 10th— 188; Uth— 195; 12th —199; 18th— 205; 14th— 209; 15th— 215; 16th— 219; 17th— 225; 18th— 283; 19th— 239; 20th— 245; 21st— 251; 22d —257: 23d— 265; 24th— 269; 25th— 279; 26th— 283; 27th— 289; 28th— 294; 29th— 299; 80th— 804; 31st— 311; 82d —815; 83d— 826; 34th— 329; 85th— 387; 36th— 344; 37th— 851; 38th— 868; 89th— 856; 40th— 861. 362; 44th— 407; 45th— 406; 46th— 4OT; 47th— 4OT; 48th— 408 ; colored regiment, 866. 867.
Officials. Removal of Federal, m,**!!; directory of public. 440 to 531; see also elections.
Oil inspectors. Ill, 458.
Okobojl lakes, 1, 102. 106. 106. 293. 295. 296.
OUTar, AddiaoB, IT, 881 Omaha Indiana* I, H m 108L m UL > One hundred daya mn, aea I, 41th, 4«tb.
47th, 48th tniantiy reglmoota. Oroharda, Damage to, in* 188; 176; 188L
818. Old, Bdward, O. 0., aea Inka. Ordtnanee ot 1787, 1, 80. Onanliatton aet of coontiea, I, 188; oC
Iowa Territory, 186^ 181 Orleana, tea Lonlalana. Orphana' bomea, aae Soldtora'. Orr, JaokMn, m, 81 881 888, 8S8, MO;
IT, 201806. Oaage Indians, I, 81 88. Oabome^ Hetberl TT, 806^ 801 Oaceola county, n^ 881 686. Oaiawatomie Brown, Me Jcdm Brown. Oaterhana, Peter J., aee Blaek Strar
Bridge, Pea Rldce, Fori Olbaoo. Ottawa Indiana, I, 91 71 91^ 81 8|, 8|,
100, lOL Ottoa Indiana, I, H 101 180. Ill, 147, 148. Packard, 8tq>han B., HI, 87, 88; IT,
801 Page^ Alonao, I, 841. itt. Page eonnty, m, 881 881 887. Palmer, Darid J., IT, 881 107: Vnuiela
W., 807. Palo Alto county. HI, 897, 898. Pardon. Conditional, in, 86. Parker. Jonathan W.. I, 208; IT, 107.
208 ; Leonard F.. 208. Parrott. James C. IT, 208. 209; Matt,
m, 183, 184. 190; IT, 209. Parvin. John A.. IT, 200, 210; Theo. 8..
I, 67. 187. 217. 221; IT, 210. HI. Pash-e-pa-ho. chief. I, 69. 87. 91. 91 101 Patrons of Husbandry, aee grange. Patterson. Lemuel B., I, 868; William,
IT, 2U. Pawnee Indians, I, 120, 148. Paymasters-Oeneral, m, 465. Peace, Attempts to secure. II, 116; oon-
ventlons. 48. 49. 60. 128. Pea Ridge. Battle of. II, 180, 181, 182.
188. Peck, Mrs. Maria on Black Hawk, I, 86. Penitentiaries, m, 139, 272. Penitentiary, Act locating. I, 189; act
establishing at Anamosa. Ill, 49. Penrose. Emlen O.. IT, 211. 211. Pension agents, m, 528. 527. Perkins, Ohas. B., IT, 212 ; Geo. D., Ill,
208; IT, 211 218.
OF IOWA
319
Perrin, Wm. B., IV, 21S.
Penrot, Nicliolas, I, 100.
Perry, Theo. B., IT, 218.
Plduurd. Joslmh L.. IT, 2U, 214.
Ptorr«, Fort, II9 388.
Pike, Zebulon M., I, 75, 108. 114. 125, 126. 127. 12s, 129, 130, 184.
Pioneer conditions. I, 386. 387. 388, 389. 890, 891. 392, 898. 896, 896.
Pioneer lawmakers' association. Illy 284, 285, 467.
Pisgah, Mount. I* 284. 285.
Plains, treeless, see prairies.
Platforms of parties, see names of par- ties.
Pleasant Hill, Battle of, II» 319. 820. 321.
Plymouth county. Illy 898, 899. Pocahontas county, 111, 399, 400, 401. Political parties, see conventions. Polk county. III, 401. 408. Pollock. Saml M., II, 897, 899. 400. Pomeroy, Charles. IV, 214. Pomeroy tornado. III, 168, 169, 170. Pomutz, Qeorge, n, 215. 216. 217, 218. Pope. John, see Army of Potomac. Population of cities, 1870. Ill, 44. Populist Party. Ill, 1891— >163 : 1892—166 ;
1898—172; 1894—179; 1896^182; 1896
—187; 1897—189; 1898—197; 1899—
200 ; 190O— 203 ; 1901-207. Porter, Asbury B., II, 53, 886, 387; IV,
214; David D.. see Arkansas Post.
Chickasaw Bayou. De Russey. Port Qihson. U, 25i 255. PotUwattamie county. I, 101. 106; III,
402.
Pottawattamie Indians. I, 64. 78. 75, 98,
94. 96. 99, 100. 101. 106. 106, 229. 289. Powell. Fort. II, 883. Powers, Joseph B., IV, 214, 215. Poweshiek, chief. I, 91. 154. Poweshiek, county. Ill, 404. 406. Poyneer, Alfred N.. Ill, 154, 156; IV,
215. Prairie du Chien. I, 74. 110. 115. 128. 129.
156. Prairie du Sac. I. 74. Prairie flree. I, 390. 891 Prairie Qrove. Battie of. II, 240. 241. 242.
248. Prairies. I, 6. 9. 10. 11. 12. IS. 14. 132, 188.
148. 149. Pratt, Henry O.. IV, 216.
Pray. Gilbert B., IV, 215.
Preemption, Right of, I, 178. 179, 180.
Prehistoric animals. I, 8. 4; climate. 8. 4; customs. 16. 19; dwellings. 16. 19; Implements 15. 16. 17; Iowa. 2; mound builders. 16 ; races, 15 ; rivers, 4 ; skulls, 15 ; vegetation. 8. 4.
Presidents of council, see M. Bainbridge. J. B. Browne. T. Cox, J. D. Blbert. S. C. Hastings. 8. Hempstead, J. W. Parker.
Presidents of senate, see T. Baker, M. L. Fisher, W. W. Hamilton. W. B. Lef&ng^ell. B. Lowe. J. J. Selman; see also lieutenant-governors.
Preston. Isaac M., IV, 216.
Price. Hiram. I, 222. 272. 279. 281. 282. 357 ; II, 54. 61. 78. 181 ; III, 1. 2, 22, 76; IV, 216, 217.
Printers. State, III, 466, 456.
Prisoners, buried at Andersonville. H, 414. 415. 416, 417, 418; see also An- dersonville.
Privates, see volunteers.
Probate courts. Act governing. 1, 189.
Proclamation, of emancipation, II, 77. 78. 118 ; of Kirkwood. 73. 74 ; of mar- tial law. 77; of Stone. 109. 112.
Prohibition, III, 173. 181.
Prohibition conventions, III, 1888 — 123;- 1885—135 ; 1886—187 ; 1887—138 ; 1888 —163; 1889—156; 1890—162; 1891— 163; 1892—166; 1898—171; 1894—178; 1896—182; 189fr— 188; 1897—189; 1898 —197: 1899—199; 1900—202; 1901— 204; 1902—211.
Prohibitory liquor law. I, 278, 286; III, 48. 72. 96. 114. 115, 116, 124, 125, 181, 185, 144, 146, 158. 169. 160. 161. 172, 178.
Protective Association, see farmers.
Prouty, Solomon F., IV, 217.
Public buildings. Act creating office of Superintendent of, I, 206.
Public feeling in, II, 1861—68, 64. 66. 67. 62; in 1862—66, 79. 86. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91, 92; 1888—96. 97. 96. 90; 1864— 123, 124.
Public Instruction. Superintendent of. Act creating oiBce of, I, 206; Act effecting, II, 102; report of, I, 267; misuse of funds of, 286, 287.
Public Instruction, Superintendents of. sUte, III, 460; territory. 441.
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Reports of OealofficHl 9
iia-.
I, »9, 2&3, SSe. m, ?7<. 2)i3. 3»: II. ll»: III, ». 25. 5S, 92. 171, Sl», ZZl. 2H, 237. 229; laws, IKS. 1^: pasBeii. III. TJ4, la). l&Z: rales. M. »j. SS. TO. lid, lfi2 ; tsiatlon of. 191. 210 : wrecka. Si. n. l9o. 186 : >e; also underground.
Itallroads. I, »S. ZTI. 2IZ, ZT3. 3SE. ZSa.
3£^ ; groiB earalnsa ot, IMS. in, Z7,
171 : Icgldtatlve control of, 26, 28. 30.
SI. U. 5«. ES, E9. ee, 67. 1%, 70, 71, TT.
n. B4. 06, 112. 113. M. 140. 147. 148.
119. ISO. ISl, 1E2. Ralph, rnsr at ncgru. 1. 11!^. IW. BuidaU, Pert, U, £17. Kukla. John W.. It. », » ; IT, US ;
Sam'I B., Ill, 53, H, 61, 66, RarmoDd. Leii B„ IV. 218, 219, Reair. Richard. I, 377, 379, 381, ReiGcr, Wilbur A„ IV, 219. Rebellion, ProKrese of, II, 61 to 19. Rscord of regiments. Act providing tor.
II. 103.
Radflsld. Junea. II, 366. 3S7. 3G9, Rtdman. W. H.. Ill, 142, Red River eipedlClao, II. 273. 319, R(i«d, Jorepb R,. II. 109 : IV. 219. ReEonu BCbool, Act esUbtlahlnE, HI. 21. Regiment in Heiican var. I, 224. Roglmenti, see cavalry, tutautry. troops. RpglBtern of state land aSlce. Ill, 1E0. Regulators. suppreseioD, I. 317, 348, S19.
3M ; tee alto vigilance committee. Raid, Hugh T.. I, ITl, 172, 22! : II, 216,
216: iV. 219. 220. Relnlger, Robt. O., IV. m. Relief, ter commUKion od India, Spirit
Lake Bipedltlon. Remler, Milton, IV, 220, 221, Removal of capital to Dea Molnea, I.
361.
F^l,
I Mingn«». III. 5.10.
Republican canventloao. I, 281. S2, S70: II. 1860 — H: 1S61— 62: 1SG2— 7S: ]8fi3 —94. 96, 98 : 1861—117. 118 : III, ISHE — 1 : 1S6«— 12 : 1867—17 : 1S6S~34 : IS» —•a, 29 : 1870— a ; ISH — 16 : Ign — W. 50; IJ73— 69: 1871— SB; ISJB— 78. 78: IKS— 79: 1877—87; IBTS— «; 187B — PS: 1880—100: ISBI— I*: IRS— U2 : 1883 — 126. 126 : WA — 132 ; I88S — US ; 1886—137: 1S87— 137: 1888—163; 1889 — IH; 1890— le; 1S91— 1S4; 1892 — 1S5: 1693—171: ISM— 178: 1835— ISa. 183 : 1S8B— 187 ; 1S97— 189. 190, 191 : 13fli<— 197. 19« : 139»— 200 ; ISOO — 30Z ; 1901—206. 207 ; 1908—211,
Republican part;, organ lut Ion ot. I. 2S1,
II, 19. 2
iro aulTrage. Ill, 2 ; on rcgulalJoD ol raltroadi. 66. 67: cm ■laTarr. I. H4, MB; os iiippftlttg admlDlBtratlon. II> G6; oa Tlldan- Hayes, tee McCrarx; at political parties, tee con vent Ion a,
Rci-poD^ to call far volunleera. II, 62, 53.
Reunion, Army of TennessM. Ill, 71; are alto soldiers.
Reienue laws, II. J2 ; III, 166 ; act form- ing. I, 189. 206, 240,
Revenue. Supprvleors of internal. Ill, 52S. 629,
Rloe. Elliott W„ II, 110. 170, ITI. 172, S8, 314 : IV, 221 : Sam-1 A.. U, 217, 300. 301, 302, 303, 325, 3*7, 3*8. 361 ; IV, 2a.
Rice. Fort, II, 400. 401,
Richards. Cbaa. B.. I. 311, 317. 318. BI9.
Richardson. A. P,, IV. 2*1. 2K; David N.. 222. 223.
RIcbman. Jacob 8., IV, 223.
Rlgby, Wm, T., II, 271,
Ringgold, county, III, MG. MS.
RKley. county. III, 106, 107.
River Improvements, boards, commis- Bloners. registers. III. 467; tee also Cedar. Dea Hoiaes. Iowa, Skaok.
Riviere den MoIdb, La, *ee Dea Moines.
OF IOWA
321
Roberts, BenJ. S.. I, 225. 226, 257; IV,
223 : Geo. E., 223, 224. Robinson, Gitford S., IV, 224. Rockingbam, !» 160. Rosecrans. Wm. S., 8ee Cbattanooga.
Chickamauga, Corinth, luka. Roes, Lewis W., IV, 225. Rousseau's raid, II, 393, 394. Ruddlrk. Geo. W., IV, 225. Rumple, John N. W., IV, 225, 226. Rusch, Nicholas J., I, 370; II, 15; IV,
226. Russell, Edward. II, 1, 2; IV, 226, 227;
John, II, 20, 26. 72 ; IV, 227, 228. Ryan, David, IV, 228. Sabin, Henry. IV, 228. Sac county. III, 407. 408. Sac Indians. I, 64, 65, 66, 69, 70. 73, 74, 75.
76, 77. 78, 79. 80. 81, 82. 86. 87. 88, 93. 94,
96, 99. 100, 104, 106, 125. 126, 135, 152,
155. 162, 169. 184, 209, 283. Safford, Mary A., IV, 228, 229. Salaries of State officers. I, 240. 286 ; III,
211. Salter, Wll'iam. IV, 229. 230. Sampson, Ezekiel S.. IV, 230. Sanders, Addison H., II, 61, 219, 220. 221.
222, 223 ; IV, 230. 231 ; Alfred, I, 222,
281 ; IV, 231, 232 ; Jas. H., 232. Sanford, James P., II, 407 ; IV, 232, 233. . San ford, Fort, I, 107, 108, 209. Sanitary agent, II, 421 ; association. 421,
422 ; convention. 421 ; fairs, 421. Sapp, Wm. P., IV, 233. Surpy. Peter A.. I, 100. 152. Saunders, Alvin. IV, 233. Schaffer, Cha". A.. IV, 233. 234. Schmidt, Wm. O., IV, 234, 235. Scholtc, Henry P.. IV, 235. School, buildings, I, 394: fund, 61. 286.
2X7, 394: land grant, 203, 229; III,
92 : laws, 1, 2X3 ; support, 203, 220. 286 ;
system, 189, 240, 358, 392, 393. 394. Schoolcraft, Henry R., I, 114, 115. 116,
166. r Schools, Act to tax for support of. III,
48 ; development of, 263, 264, 265, 266 ;
financial condition of, 140: Gen.
Grant on, see Grant. » Scott. John. II, 141. 142, 143. 145, 315, 317.
318, 321, 322, 323; III, 17. 21, 26; IV,
236, 236 : Wm. A., 236. 237. Scott county. III, 408, 409. Secession movement. II* 48, 49. 50, 51. Secor. Eugene. IV, 237.
Secretaries, board of education. Ill, 460 ; of state, 449 ; of territory. 441 ; of ag- ricultural, interior, war, 524.
Secretary Dakota Territory, III, 528.
Seeds, Edward P., IV, 237.
Seerley, Homer H., IV, 238 ; John J., 238.
Seevers. Wm. H.. IV, 238.
Sells. Cato, IV, 238. 239; Elijah, II, 94, 95; IV, 239.
Selman. John J,. I, 252.
Semicentennial of admission of state,
III, 184. 185.
Senators, United States, III, 529, 630; sec also Allison, A. C. Dodge, Dolll- ver. Gear. Grimes. Harlan. Howell, Jones, KIrkwood, McDlll, J. F. Wil- son, G. G. Wright.
Settlements, in Black Hawk Purchase. I, 151. 156. 160, 165; in Iowa, 109, 110, 111; In Missouri valley, 147, 149; in Northwest Territory, 61 ; in Missis- sippi valley, see English, French. Spanish.
Settlers, Expulsion of, I, 156, 159, 209.
Severe winter of 1842-3, I, 210; 1856-7, 293.
Shaffer, Jothua M.. IV, 239. 240.
Sharabaugh. BenJ. F., IV, 240.
Shane, John. II, 206, 206, 207, 208 ; III, 66 ; IV, 240, 241.
Sharp. Abble Gardner, III, 181 ; see also Gardner.
Shuw. Albert. IV, 241; Leslie M., Ill, 190, 191. 201; IV, 241. 242; Wm. T., II, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 296, 319, 320. 321, 322, 323 ; III, 8 ; IV, 242.
Shelby county. Ill, 409. 410, 411.
Shelledy, Stephen B.. I, 354; IV, 242. 243.
Shelly, Kate, III, 110. 111. 112.
Sheridan, Philip. II, 374, 375.
Sherman, Buren R., Ill, 69, 79. 109. 113, 123. 126. 128, 132, 133 ; IV, 243 ; Hoyt,
IV, 243, 244 ; Wm. T.. see Allatoona, Arkansas Post, Atlanta, Champion's Hill, Chattanooga, Chickasaw Bayou, Jackson, Resaca, Rousseau Raid, Vicksburg.
Sherwin, John C, IV, 244.
Shield?, James H., IV, 244 ; John G., 244,
246. Shlloh monuments. III» 202. Shiras. Oliver P.. IV, 245.
322
HBSTOBY
Si-dom-i-na-do-U, chief. If 106, 28S, 289, 290, 291.
Sieges, see Jacluon, Mobile, Vicksburg.
Sioux City. I, 122.
Sioux county. Ill, 4U. 412.
Sioux iDdians, I, 59, 68, 69, 79. 95, 96. 102. 103, 104, 106, 106, 266, 267, 288, 289. 290, 292, 293. 294, 297. 298, 300. 305, 321, 322. 323, 324, 325, 327 ; II, 57, 68. 69. 70, 71, 76, 397. 398, 399, 400.
" Sketches of Iowa," by Newhall, I, 220, 221.
Skulls of prehistoric man, ly 15.
Skunk river navigation, I» 240, 257, 273.
Slagle, Christian W., IV, 245.
Slaughter county. III, 412.
Slavery, see emancipation proclamation, constitutional amendment.
Sloan, Robert, IV, 301.
Smith. Hiram Y., IV, 245, 246 ; Lewis H.. 246; Milo. II, 283, 285. 286; IV, 246: Roderick A.. 246, 247 ; Walter I., 247 ; Wm. R., 247, 248; Andrew J., see De Russey, Mobile, Nashville. Pleasant Hill, Vicksburg ; Chas. H.. see Donelson, Red River.
Smith, Fort. II, 235.
Smyth. Robert, IV, 248; Wm.. II, 311. 314 ; IV, 248.
Snyder. Carl, I, £97, 298, 299.
Socialist conventions, 111, 1898 — 198; 1900 — 202; 1901—208; 1902—211.
Social life of farmers. III, 58.
Sod houHB, I, 389, 390.
Soils, I, 7. 8. 9, 10.
Soldiers, conventions. III, 2, 3 ; home, 135, 139, 275; orphans* home. II, 421, 422. 423 : III, 8, 9, 62, 85. i:W, 275 ; re- union, 34, 35; sec also volunteers.
Sons of Liberty, II, 113, 116.
Spain, Treaty of U. S. with. I, 55; France, 56.
Spanish-American war, III, 193, 194. 195, 196.
Spanish Fort, II, 176. 177, 178.
Spanish in Mississippi valley, I, 51. 52, 53. 54, 55.
Speakers of House of Representatives, sec general assemblies.
Special election, I, 260. 356.
Special message of Kirkwood, II, 20.
Spirit Lake, I, 102, 103. 105. 228; first f-ettlers at, 293, 295, 296; massacre at, 297. 298. 299. 300. 301, 302, 327; monu- ment. Ill, 181, 1S2 ; relief expedition.
I, 309, m, 312. 81S, 314, nS. SIC. 317.
318. 327, 328. Spoor. Nelson T.. II, 400. Springer. Francis. I, 284; IV, 248w 2«;
Frank, 249, 260.
Springfield, Battle of, II» 233. 234, 236; massacre. I, 304, 306, 306, 307. 906. 30B.
Staff ofllcers of governor. Act providliig for, II, 56.
Stanton, Edgar W., IV, 250; Thaddeiis H., 250.
State bank, see bank.
State House, see capitol.
B*^*iR in.stitutions, Financial oondltkMi of. Ill, 174 ; see also agricultural college, blind asylum, deaf and dumb asylum, feeble-minded asjrlum, industrial schools, insane hospitals, normal school, penitentiaries, sol- diers' home, soldiers' orphans' borne. univerpity.
State Legislature, see General Assembly.
State library, see library.
State militia, see militia.
State officers. III, 449 to 531 ; see olao elections, general assemblies.
State university, see university.
Statute revision. III, 49.
Steele, Fred'k, II, 173. 362. 363: see also Little Rock, Mobile, Moscow.
Stevens. John L., IV, 251 ; Aaron D., see Harper's Ferry.
Stibbs. John H., II, 135. 136. 201. 3057 2(». 342.
Stiles, Edward H., IV, 251.
Stockton, Lacon D., IV, 251.
Stone, Geo. A., II, 279, 280, 281. 282, 283 ; IV, 252: Henry, III, 173; John Y.,
111, .93; IV, 252: Joseph C. IV, 252. 253: Wm. M., II, 42. 94. 95. 101. 109.
112, 117. 127, 141. 143, 146. 187. 254. 255. 257. 260. 262 ; III, 1. 4. 6. 20. 64 ; IV, 253.
Stone axe. I, 15, 16. 17.
Story county. Ill, 412. 413.
Stout. Henry L.. IV, 253, 254.
Street. Joseph M., IV, 254.
Struble, Geo. R.. IV, 254 ; Isaac S.. IV,
254. 255. Stubbg. Daniel P., IV, 255. Sully. Alfred, II, 398, 399. 400. Sully Fort, II, 399. 400. Summer of 1901, Heat of. Ill, 212 ; of
1902, 212.
OF IOWA
323
Bummers, Bam'l W., II» 401, 408; IV.
266. Superrison of Internal Revenue^ m,
S28, 629. Supreme court, clerks of. Ill, 464, 466;
reporters of, 466; important decision
of Territorial, I, 196, 199. Supreme Judges, of state. III, 460, 461;
of territory, 441 ; act increasing num- ber of, n, 102. Surgeons-Oeneral, III* 466. Surrey, of Dee Moines river lands. If
268; system of land, 80; see also
Missouri boundary. Surveyors-General, III, 441. 626. SwaiD, Adeline M., Ill, 106. 109 ; IV, 266. Swalm, Albert W., IV, 266, 267 ; Pauline
Given, IV, 267. Swamp land indemnity fund. III, 5, 6, 7 ;
land grant, 92. Sweney, Joseph H., IV, 267. Sylvester, Richard H., IV, 267. 266. Tabor. Stepben J. W., IV, 286. Tabor, John Brown at town of, I, 373,
377, 361. Tally war, U, 88, 89. Tama county, Illf 414, 416. Tamiah, chief, I, 93. Taxation. Acts regulating. III, 21, 30,
31. 46, 131, 164, 201, 210; of corpora- tions, 200. Taxes, Acts concerning, II, 65. Taylor, Steward. I, 379; II, 1, 2. 5, 6, 9. Taylor, Hawkins. IV, 269. Taylor county. III, 415, 416. Tedford, Wm. H., IV, 259. Tee&dale. John, IV, 259, 260. Temperance Alliance* If 279. Temperance conventions. III, 1675—78;
1876—76 ; 1877—69, 90 ; 1879—96. Temple, Edward A., IV, 260; George, I,
263 ; Marcellus L., IV, 260. Terre Noir, II, 301, 802. Territorial courts, I, 186; territorial
legislature, see legislative assembly. Territorial officers, UI, 441, 443. 448, 444,
446, 446, 447, 448, 449. Territories, see Illinois. Indiana, Iowa,
Louisiana, Mlebigan, Missouri. Wis- consin. Teason, Louis H., I» 117, 162. Thatcher, Mrs. Bllsabeth. I, 801, SSI, 322,
Thatcher family, I, S86, 808. Thayer. Edward H.. IV, SCL
Thomas, J. W. (Oomequlck), I, 886, 389, 340 ; Lot, IV, 261 ; Geo. H., see Chat- tanooga. Chicamauga, Nashville.
Thomas house. Fight at. I, 804. 806, 806 ; flight from, 807. 306, 809, 810.
Thompson, James, K. P., IV, 261, 262; Wm., I, 262. 269, 280; II, 872; IV, 862; Wm. G., 262, 268.
Thorlngton. James, I, 222. 280, 288; TV, 263, 264.
Tidd, Charles P., see Harper's Ferry.
Tllton. Battle at, II, 231.
Timber planting. Act encouraging. III, 21.
Tlrrill. Rodney W., IV, 264.
Titus, Geo. M.. IV, 264, 266.
Todd, Andrew, I, Ul, 112.
Tcdhunter, Lewis, IV, 266.
Tornados, see Camanche. Grlnnell, Pom- eroy.
Torrence, Wm. M. G., II, 304, 806, 867, 868 ; IV, 266, 266.
Toiiner, Horace M., IV, 266.
Townsend, John S., IV, 802.
Tract, Half-breed, see half-breed reser- vation.
Trader's Point, I, 152, 158; see aUo Council Bluffs.
Trading posts, I, 46. 109, 111. U7, 151, 162, 153, 154. 166.
Trans-Mississippi exhibition. III, 164.
Transportation, Improved. Ill, 268, 289; ae*^ alao navigation, railroads.
Traverse. Henry C. IV, 266.
Treasurers of state. III, 460; of terri- tory, 441; act creating office of, I, 202.
Treaties of U. S., see France^ Indian, Spain, Virginia.
Trewin. Jas. H.. IV, 866, 267.
Trimble. Henry H., IV, 267, 266.
Troops, Act providing for raising of, II, 66 ; in field at close of 1661—^ ; 1862 —60; 1868—101.
Trumbull, Mathew M., II, 148, 146, 406; IV, 266.
Trusts, Act to prevent formation of. III, 161.
Tufts, John Q., IV, 866.
Tullls, James. II, 148, 144.
Turner, Asa, IV, 288, 269.
TntUe, James M., II, 96. 186. 187, 188, 138, 140. 170, ITS. 200; IV, 269, 170.
Twombly, Voltaire P.. U, US, 140; IV, 270. 271.
dM
HISTOBY
Udell, Nathmn, ^V, HI.
Undergroiind rmllroad, Jf 87S, S74, 381.
881; II, 2. Union anti-negro suffrage party con-
Yontlon, Illy 8. Union, brigade, II, 176. 201. 228; guards.
62 ; league, 116 ; par^ convention. 88. Union county. Ill, 416, 417. 418. United States courts. Alabama claims.
Ill, 625; circuit. 624; district. 526;
private land claims. 626; supreme.
624. University. SUte. I, 219. 241. 394; III,
31, 1I«. 210. 267. 268, 466. Updegraff. Thomas, IV, 271. Van Buron. Capture of, II, 368, 369. Van Buren county. III, 418. 419. Vandever, Wm., II, 49, 179, 180, 181, 188,
188 ; IV, 271, 272. Van Home, George, IV, 272. Varga, Francis, IV, 272. 273. Vegetation, prehistoric, I, 4, 6; of
prairies, 10, U. 12, 13. Veto power. Contest over, I, 190, 191. 192,
201.
Vicksburg, Assault on, II, 268. 269. 260; comroiB8lon on monuments at. III, 202, 210 ; siege of, II, 229, 230, 268. 259, 260. 261. 262 ; surrender of, 98, 99.
VIele, Philip, IV, 273.
Vigilance committee. I, 336, 337, 338, 341. 342. 343. 344. 345, 346, 347. 348. 349. 360.
Virginia, treaty with U. 8.. I, 5D.
Vollmer. Henry, IV, 273,
Volunteer regiments, see artillery, caval- ry. Infantry.
Volunteers. Act to prevent Hale of prop- erty of. II, 65 : aid to families of. 56 calls for, 52, 53. 64. 73, 80. 99. 109 civil suits against, 5r> ; pay of. 56 relief of dlHabled. 65. 75; relief of families of. 75, 102, HI.
VoterH, Act requiring roj;istry of. Ill, 21.
Wachsmutb, Charles. IV, 273, 274.
Wade, Martin J., IV, 27:..
Wahkaw county. Ill, 119. 420.
Waite. John L.. IV, 275.
Wakefield. Geo. W.. IV, 275.
Walden. Madison M.. Ill, 29; IV, 275, 276.
Walker, Wm. W., IV, 276.
Wallace. John H.. IV, 276. 277. 278 : Wm. H,, I, 18S ; Lew. sec DonelBon.
Wapello, chief. I, 88, 91. 92. 152.
Wapello county. III, 420, 421, 422.
War with Spain, see Spmniah-AmerlcaB
War. Warning. Letter of. aee letter. Warren. Bennett, I, 344. 345. 346; Flu
Henry. 261. 268; II, 94, 96. 261. 82.
263. 262. 268. 367. 368. 3n ; IV, 2:8,
279. Warren county, III» 422, 423. Washington county. III, 123. 434, 426. Washington Light Quarda, II, 52. Waterman. Chaa. M.. rv, 279. Waukon-Decorab. chief. 11* 97. Wayne county. III, 426. 428. Weaver. James B.. II, 94. 189. 140; III,
72. 99, 100, 126 ; I V, 279. 2S0 ; Silas M..
IV, 281. Webster county. III, 426. 427. 428. 429. Welch, Andonijah S.. Ill, 26; IV, 2S1.
282 ; Mary B., 282, 283. Weller, Luman H.. IV, 283. Wells. D. Franklin, IV, 283. Wells, see drive.
Western Division of Iowa. 11^ 5$. Wet season. 1861, I, 265. 266; 185S — 368.
369. Wever, Clark R.. II, 228, 229, 231, 232:
IV, 283. 284. Wheeler, Loring, IV, 284. Whig convention. I, 2M, 216, 22S, 249.
260, 259, 263, 270, 274. 279. White. Andrew D.. Ill, 40. 41. 42 ; Chas.
A.. I, 12: III, 9, 10; IV. 284. 285:
Fred'k E.. 285. White Stone Hill. Battle of, II, 39S. 399. Whiting, Chas. E., IV, 285, 286. Whitney. Leonard, IV, 286. Wildcat currency, I, 353. 3W ; II, U6,
106, 107. Wilds, John Q., II, 270. 273. 277. Wilkinson, James, I, 53. 118, 133. 134. Wllllamy. Ellas H., IV, 286; Jess«e. I,
202, 205, 206, 219; Joseph, I, 171 ; l\\
287; J. Wilson. 287; Wm.. I, 291, 292.
299. 309, 311. 313, 314, 315, 317. 327, 328,
368 : IV, 287, 288 ; Wilson G., II, 141.
143 ; IV, 288. Williamson. Jas. A.. II, 146. 149. 150.
151. 185, 1S6, 2S0, 308, 314 ; IV, 288. 2»9. Wilmot proviso, Attitude of Iowa toward.
I, 262. Wilson. Barthol'w W.. II, 296. 297. 298;
David S.. 397, 400; IV, 289; Jame.s
III, 4S. 191 : IV, 289 ; Jas. C. II, 308 ;
James P.. I, 366, 367: III, 22, 23. 46.
47, 48, 49, 93. 106. 113. 162, 241; IV,
OF IOWA
325
290: Th08. S., ly 169. 171, 199; IV» 290, 291 : Walter C. IV, 291 ; Wm. D., UI, 58.
Wilson's Creek. BatUe of. U, 132. 133.
134. Wilson's raid. II, 385. 386. Winchester, BaUle of, II, 274, 275. Winnebago county, HI, 429, 480. Winnebago Indians, I, 64. 77. 79, 80, 94.
95. 96. 97. 96. 99. 100. 128. Winneshiek, chief, I, 96. 97. Winneshiek county. Ill, 430. 431. 432. Winslow. Bdward F.. II, 387. 388. 389.
390 ; IV, 291 ; see also Wilson's raid. Winter 1882. Ill, 3 ; damage to fruit. 127.
128 ; 1898-99—198. 199. Wisconsin Legislature, Bee legislative
asitembly. Wisconsin river. Explorations of. I, 30.
128. Wisconsin Territory. I, 173, 174. 175, 176,
177. 178. 180. 181. 182, 184. 185. Wise. Henry A.. II, 11, 12, 23. Withrow. Thos. F.. IV, 292. Wittenmyer, Annio T., II, 421 ; IV, 292,
298. Wolfe. Wm. P.. Ill, 128 ; IV, 293, 294. Woman suffrage. Ill, 49, 60. 61. 66. 69.
77. 90. 114. 131. 252. 253. 254. 255. 259.
200. 261.
Women, Act relating to, I, .220 ; in busi- ness, m, 258 ; In clubs, 261, 262 ; laws relating to, -268, 259 ; as officers. 255. 256. 257: in professions. 260. 261; in Rebellion, U, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422; captives of Sioux, aee Gardner, Mar- ble, Noble, Thatcher.
Woodbury county. Ill, 432. 483. 434.
Woodruff. Marcus C, IV, 294.
Woods, Joseph J., II, 199, 200, 201, 203. 217. 218 ; IV, 294, 296.
Woodward. Wm. G.. I, 277; IV, 295.
Woolson, John S., IV, 295.
World's Columbian exposition. Ill, 165. 167. 168.
Worth county. III, 434, 435. 436.
Worthington, Wm. H., II, 153, 154.
Wright. Ed. I, 367 ; III, 5 ; IV, 296. 296 ; Geo. F.. IV, 296 ; Geo. G.. I, 222. 277 ; III, 4. 30; IV, 296, 297; Melville C, II, 410.
Wright county. UI, 436. 437. 438.
Yankton Indians. I« 102. 103.
Tell county. Ill, 438.
Teoman, Joseph A. O., IV, 297, 296; Stephen P., 298.
Yewell. Geo. H.. IV, 298. 299.
Toung. " Aunt Becky." II, 421 ; C. M.. II, 885 ; John M.. 394. 396. 396 ; Lafay- ette. Ill, 68 ; IV, 299. 300.
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