ag oe) iors Cn 5 c - a I eT eae ad ee hal eo cie eea sae htt SS ET TL gg PION TO Sot rettele an ae “~ Menge a oe 4 a L 2 Ne = = j ie , ar = ; ap = ~ Ae Pt ES ne 4 oe abl ar SOW, t ~ Sat ta pee at ~ rear -te-o! Fn om a eo Ot, an ae en ¢ es See are SAS OF Oa Fs 4 t . 2" iy ff ze St ( al a a uF a , Ter ge es HISTORY OF THE BEHERWICKSHTRE NATURALISTS’ CLUB. INSTITUTED SEPTEMBER 23, 1831. “MARE ET TELLUS, ET, QUOD TEGIT OMNIA, C@LUM,” La a ALNWICK ; PRINTED FOR THE CLUB BY HENRY HUNTER BLAIR, MARKET PLACE. 1876. agioe se PROCEEDINGS OF THE BERWICKSHIRE NATURALISTS CLUB. Address delivered to the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, at Berwick, September 25th, 1873. By CHarLEs STuART, M.D., Chirnside, President. GENTLEMEN, ACCORDING to established usage, I have now the privilege of reading a summary of the proceedings of our Club for the past year. The anniversary meeting was held at Berwick, on Thurs- day, 26th September, 1872. The weather was bright and fine, after a furious storm of wind and rain, which was very ‘disastrous to the crops. On the day previous the river Whitadder was in higher flood than since 1846, and caused great damage by overflowing the fields and carrying down the corn yet exposed. On the day of meeting, the sea was still breaking in huge rollers, very grand to look at from the shore. There were present:—The Rev. F. R. Simpson, President ; Dr. F. Douglas and Mr. Hardy, Secretaries, and Mr. Middlemas, Treasurer ; Revs. J. °G. Rowe, Thos. Rogers, W. Procter, jun., J. C. Brown, LL.D., P. G. McDouall, Wm. Darnell, W. L. J. Cooley, J. Irwin; Dr. Fluker (Sheriff of Berwick), Dr. C. Stuart ; Messrs. F. J. W. Collingwood, Jas. B.N.C.—VOL. VIL NO. IL A 4 Anniversary Address. Purvis, George Young, John Clay, Robert Douglas, W. Cunningham, G. L. Paulin, Matthew Young, Thos. Patrick, and W. Weatherhead ; and as visitors, Mr. Dykes and Mr. A. Simpson. The business transactions were taken up after break- fast, the accounts audited, and the funds of the Club reported to be in a satisfactory state. The annual subscrip- tion was fixed at 6s. for 1872-3... The new members elected were :—Mr. Thomas Arkle, Highlaws, Morpeth ; Mr. Adam Deas, Dunse; Mr. J. T. S. Doughty, Ayton ; Captain Carr- Ellison, Hedgeley ; Mr. W. T. Hindmarsh, Alnwick ; Rev. R. Home, Swinton ; Rev. R. Park, Bamburgh ; Major J. Paton, Hundalee Cottage, Jedburgh ; Mr. H. A. Paynter, Alnwick ; Mr. E. A. Storer, Alnwick and County Bank; Captain Thompson, Walworth Hall, Darlington. Mrs Barwell Carter, daughter of the late Dr. Johnston, was chosen as an extra- ordinary member; Mr. Andrew Brotherston, Kelso, and Mr. John Ferguson, Allanton, were placed on the list of corres- ponding members. It was resolved that fifty extra copies of the Club’s Proceedings should be printed, to exchange for the transactions of other Natural History or Archzeological Associations ; and that Mr. Hardy be authorised to open @ friendly correspondence with such societies as are willing to co-operate, the custody of such publications as are received to remain with him for the meantime, and to be acknowledged in the Club’s Proceedings. The following are the appointed places of meeting for 1873 :— Chatton - - - - - Thursday, May 15th- Howick - - - - Me June 26th. Bags Rockew’§ Sra hee eee ay ales Ty Soe Chirnside - - : - 5 Aug. 28th. Berwick - : 4 = - s Sept. 25th. The meeting at the Bass was afterwards changed to the 30th, as the date fixed would have interfered with the meeting of another society, in which several members were interested.. Dr. Douglas brought examples of Veronica peregrina, Annwersary Addyress. 5 gathered by Mr. A. Brotherston, which had spread as a weed over the garden at Newton-Don. Dr. Stuart had a collection of the Whitadder plants; but there was not leisure on this occasion to identify them as species. He also brought part of a British cranium, with a rude flint knife or scraper, which was discovered in the same cist, and more fully described in a separate notice in the Proceedings. Thereafter the Club adjourned to the residence of Mrs Barwell Carter, formerly that of her distinguished father, and inspected many memorials of that eminent naturalist, as well as several drawings of Mrs Johnston, which for fidelity to nature and exquisite delicacy in manipulation are un- rivalled as illustrations of her husband’s writings. Under the guidance of the Vicar of Berwick, the Rev. J. G. Rowe, the Church was visited, the stained glass windows inspected, and the old inscriptions examined. In the vestry are pre- served the colours of the Berwick Volunteer Regiment of 1806. A walk was taken to the coast at Greenses, along - the escarpment of the shale and limestone. The limestone is mostly compact, and is characterized by fine encrinal stems, Producti, &c. But towards the northern edge it be- comes {cellular, the hollows being filled with crystallized carbonate of lime. The party proceeded no farther than a - slip in the stratification, by which the sandstone has been brought down several feet, and the ends of the shale strata, in slipping down, have been twisted backwards. The sand- stone contained certain concretionary nodules of iron. Far- ther along towards Berwick, fragments of Stigmaria in this sandstone are converted into iron. There are nodules of iron-pyrites in the shale. The surface of the limestone is cracked into massive squares like pavements. The strata slope towards the sea ; and off the Greenses are at intervals shattered away circularly from each other, by the irregular action of the waves, so that they appear to be like a series of rims round a centre, like a target. The same process may - be seen on a sloping road, over sandstone strata, where the \ 6 Anniversary Address. tear and wear of the traffic is not uniform, There is a constant waste of the coast at the Magdalen Fields, which supplies a good section of the Boulder clay. Many of the stones which once formed its constituents are scattered on the beach ; there being several rolled blocks of greenstone (one very large), and a variety of different sorts of porphyry (one of them particularly pretty). Some contain scales of mica, and approach to syenite ; and there is a brown variety of imperfectly crystalline structure, which resembles the | trap-porphyry of St. Abb’s Head. Most of them are probably from Lamberton Hill, in the vicinity. Mr. Stevenson writes: —‘“T have found pebbles of the Cockburnlaw granite on the shore at Berwick. The only greenstone in the district is a vein at Blackies’ Heugh, between Eyemouth and Burn- mouth.” Several of these blocks have been utilized in paving the town of Berwick ; but the greater portion of the — stones employed for this purpose are shipped from the coast near Budle. The sea-weed was being carted off from near the pier, in an. oblong vehicle much more commodious than the ordinary farm cart. The sea-weed is the property of the Corporation, and the right to lead it away is sold. | The Museum has received some interesting additions since the Club’s last visit. A Bonito was noticed as not being . recorded by the Club. It is hoped that this and several other omissions will yet be supplied. Twenty-three assembled at dinner in the King’s Arms Hotel. The President brought under the notice of the Club a communication from Mr. Geo. P. Hughes, of Middleton Hall, entitled, “A Resumé of Discussions at the Brighton meeting of the British Association, Aug. 14th to 22nd, 1872. Mr. Hughes represented the president of the club on that occasion, and it was regretted that there was not time to take up his report at present. The President then delivered an able address ; and Dr. Charles Stuart was elected President for 1873. Anniversary Address. 7 The first meeting of the Club took place at Chatton, on Thursday, 15th May, 1873, There were present :—The President, Dr. Stuart ; Mr. James Hardy, Secretary ; Mr. R. Middlemas, Treasurer; Drs. J. Marshall, J. Robson Scott, Robert Wilson; Revs. W. Greenwell, J. S. Green, P. G. McDouall ; Messrs. J. C. Langlands, W. Dickson (Wellfield), Thomas Tate, Edward Allen, C. H. Cadogan, J. Heatley, R. G. Bolam; Captain J. F. McPherson; and as visitors :— Messrs. G. T. Atkinson (Wylam Hall), Chas. Green, Anthony Marshall ; Revs. Henry Bell and J. Hudson. After breakfast, Mr. Bolam handed round a knife. The handle was of brass, and on it was the figure of a man play- ing the bag-pipes, the rest being occupied by a scroll ornament in relief—date about 1500. It had been found in a drain near Glanton. The Rev. Canon Greenwell brought for inspection an ancient gold ring of Elswitha, or Aethels- with, sister of King Alfred, with her name inscribed. She was married to Burhred, King of the Mercians, in 854, in the royal vill called Chippenham, with profuse liberality of every kind; and died A.D. 888, on the way to Rome, and her body lies at Pavia.* ; The company was then conducted by the Vicar through the Church; their attention being chiefly directed to the memorial windows for Algernon, Duke of Northumberland, and two windows of recent date to the memory of the Rev. M. Burrell, which were executed by Messrs Hardman & Co., of Birmingham, at a cost of £105, the amount being subscribed in the parish. The inscription which runs along both - windows is, “ Dedicated by the parishioners to the memory of the Rev. Matthew Burrell, twenty-five years Vicar of | Chatton, who died 29th March, 1869.” The subjects are * “Simeon of Durham,” and “ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.’’—“ The circum- stances attending the finding of this relic are such as may lead us to associate it with a journey known to have been undertaken by that princess. This jewel was found by a countryman in, we believe, Warwickshire, and, not- withstanding its weight and appearance—signs sufficient, one would think, to shew that it is of gold—it was fora considerable time attached as an ornament to a dog’s collar.”,—Atheneum, October 11th, 1873. } 8 Anniwersary Address. taken from the Gospels, and represent incidents in the life of our Saviour. . Loréum: ” molluscum. + sericeum. Orthotrichum anomalum. diaphanum. 99 Tortula convoluta. »» qouralis. yy ruralis. Hepatica. Jungermannia nemorosa. Lichenes. Borrera ciliaris. Cenomyce pyxidata. Cladonia rangiferina, Parmelia parietina. Ramalina scopulorum. Lichina affinis. Fungi. AXcidium compositarum. Alga. Halidrys siliquosa. Fucus vesiculosus. »,» serratus. 5) mnodosus. », canaliculatus. Himanthalia lorea. Desmarestia aculeata. Alaria esculenta. Laminaria digitata. 7 saccharina. 5 fascia. Chorda filum. Punctaria plantaginea. Asperococcus echinatus. Chordaria flagelliformis. Leathesia tuberiformis. Ralfsia verrucosa. Cladostephus verticellatus. Sphacellaria radicans. Ectocarpus litoralis. Odonthalia dentata. Polysiphonia urceolata. n fibrata. " Brodizi., a fucoides. Laurencia pinnatifida. 7 ceespitosa. Chylocladia articulata. Corallina officinalis. G 52 Notices of Chatton, by Messrs. Procter and Hardy, Hildenbrandtia rubra. Ceramium acanthonotum. Delesseria sanguinea. Cladophora rupestris. Plocamium coccineum. $5 leetevirens, Rhodymenia palmata. Conferva implexa. Gelidium corneum. Enteromorpha intestinalis. Chondrus crispus. Ulva latissima. Ptilota plumosa. Porphyra laciniata. Ceramium rubrum. Palmella rupestris, 3 diaphanum. Notices of Chatton. By the Rev. WILLIAM PROCTER, jun., and JAMES HARDY. Tue history of Chatton was shortly told by Wm. Dickson, Esq., on occasion of the meeting of the Club there on the 28th May, 1857. This short history is given at p. 31 of the “ History of the Club” for 1856-62, and all that we propose is to add a few details to it. The writ of King Edward L, written from Chatton, printed there, is curious as shewing the minute accuracy of that great king in controlling his expenditure ;—issuing an express order to the Barons of his Exchequer, for the payment of £2 6s. 8d. for the annual dress of two Welshmen and a boy, employed probably as keepers of his hounds at Bamburgh Castle ; and of £6 1s. 4d. for their wages for the 182 days between the 14th February and 15th August, at 8d. a-day for the three. Some of the members of the Club will be glad to have a translation of this interesting document :— ‘¢ LIpERATE ROLLS, IN THE 19TH YEAR oF Epwarp I., m, 2. “The King to the Barons of his Exchequer, Health. Award to Walter de Cambehou, constable of our Castle of Bamburgh, among the expenses of his Bailliwick, forty six shillings and eight pence, which he has paid by our order for the working dresses of Rees ap Maylgon and Canan ap Merdath, Welshmen residing in the aforesaid Castle, and of one boy serving them; that is to say, for the dresses of Rees and Canan, forty shilJings, and for the dress of the aforesaid boy, six shillings and eight pence of the nineteenth year of our reign. And six pounds and sixteen pence, which in like manner by our order he has laid out on the expenses of the aforesaid Rees and Canan and their boy, - dwelling in the aforesaid Castle, from the Friday next before the Notices of Chatton, by Messrs. Procter and Hardy. 53 feast of Saint Valentine the Martyr (14th February) in thenine- teenth year of our reign, up to the Wednesday in the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (15th August) in the same year; namely, for the expenses of each of the aforesaid Rees and Canan, threepence a day, and for the expense of the said boy, two pence a day,—unless he has had before an award from thence (from the Exchequer) in whole or in part. ‘¢ Witness the King at Chatton, on the 16th day of August.” Edward I, reigned from 20th November, 1272, to 7th July, 1307, so that 19, Edward IL. is a.D. 1291. And we learn from “ Documents Illustrative of the, History of Scot- land, 1286-1306,” edited by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, that Edward I. was. at Chatton, 16th August, 1291; for, a letter of Protection to John of Douai, a merchant sent by John de Soules to France, of that date, was issued by Edward I. himself: “Teste rege, apud Chattone, xvj die Augusti.” (“ Documents,” Vol. i, p. 219.) The king was at Berwick on the 11th August. (Ib., p. 219.) On the 13th he had arrived at Chatton, for on that day he granted letters of Protection, dated at Chatton, 13th August, for the men of Robert le Brus, Earl of Carrick, gomg into Ireland to import into Scotland, corn, wine, and victuals, and directed - to all the kine’s bailiffs in Ireland and Scotland. (Ib., p. 239.) ‘ We thus find him at Chatton from the 13th to the 16th of August, 1291. The object Edward had in view at this period during his visits to Chatton and the Borders, was secretly to influence the deliberations of the Scottish Par- liament on the claims of the competitors’ for the Scottish: throne, left vacant by the decease of the Maiden of Norway, without his directly appearing to interfere with their deci- sions. Delaying his final adjudication in favour of Baliol till 17th November, 1292, he lingered on the Border with his troops for most of that year. We learn from the recently published “Documents,” that he was at Berwick on the 14th July, 1292, and at Chatton on the 18th and 19th of the same month; for on July 18th, 1292, he gave letters of Protection to Osbert de Spaldington, about to proceed to the: Isle of Man—“ Teste rege apud Chattone ” (1. c., p. 837); and on July 19th there is a mandate from Edward himself, “Teste meipso, apud Chattone,” for the Chamberlain of Scotland to pay the wages of Roger de Burton and Osbert ‘de Spaldington. (Ib., p. 335). This shews that Edward exercised regal power in Scotland during the vacancy of the throne. 54 Notices of Chatton, by Messrs. Procter and Hardy. _ It also appears by “ Extracts from the Household Roll of King Edward,” that he was at Norham, November 20, 1292; at Werke, from November 21 to 26; at Roxburgh, from November 27, to December 2; at Mersington, December 3 and 4; at Roxburgh, from December 5 to 11; at Werke, December 12; at Ford; December 13 ; at Chatton, December 14; at Tughale, December 15 and 16 ; at Alnwick, Decem- ber 17; at Warkworth, December 18; at Wodehorn, December 19; and so on, by Horton and Tinmouth, to Newcastle, where his latest stay was December 27. (1. ¢., pp. 368-3873.) Two of these extracts are given thus: ‘¢ ForDE. Dec. 18. Die Sabbati (Saturday), Summa, xxvi. xs. xjd., 0. Vinum de stauro, Lxiij. sex, cera vj*=vjl0. CHATTONE. }, 14. Die Dominica sequenti, Summa, xxxilij/. xvs. xjd., 0. Vinum de stauro, cx. sex, cera exxvlb.” “ Sex.”=sextarius, 14 pint, the contents of a bottle; 63 bottles of wine were consumed from the store or cellar (stauro) at Ford, and 126 wax candles; and the next day, Sunday, 110 bottles of wine and 125 wax candles were made use of at Chatton. The other expense of the Saturday at Ford was £25 10s. 11d.; and of the Sunday at Chatton, £34 15s, lld. This shews that the king was accompanied by a considerable company, probably of soldiers, whose principal officers would dine at the king’s house. What accommodation there was in the village for a king’s retinue is uncertain ; but some house witha store there had been. The exigencies of a subsequent age, when the bitter- ness between the realms rendered country residences insecure, compelled two mansions in the place to be converted into ‘defensive strengths; but of their age we are not told. Either of them could have entertained the king. These two towers are mentioned in a list entitled, “ Nomina Castrorum. et Fortalaciorum infra Comitatum Northumbrie,” made A.D. 1460°-— selMarris Ge Cha ston | ae ieke's.. fe" e Vicarii ejusdem. Turris de eadem ...... Ssicuiaeneroee Roberti Forster.” A century later, the inhabitants still had for refuge these village forts, which would be sufficiently provided to repel a Border raid, This we know from “The State of the Notices of Chatton, by Messrs. Procter and Hardy. 55 Frontiers and Marches,” &c., by Sir Robt. Bowes Knight, 1550: ‘¢ The Towneschippe of Chatton conteyneth xxx husbandlands plenyshed of the Kyng’s Maties. inherytaunce late of the Erl of Northumberland’s lands. In yt is two lytle towers without barmekyns, thone of thinherytance of the said Richard Fowebery and Thother ys the mansion of the vyccaredge.’’* Nor did Chatton escape devastation ; for in 1368, the Manor was ruined. This appears from an Inquisition, 42 Edward III., of which the late Mr. Tate in his “ History of Alnwick ” has furnished a digest ; which also reveals by a glimpse into the past, the ancient condition of Chatton and its neighbourhood. ‘In the town of Chatton, parcel of Alnwick, is a manor ruined, the herbage of which renders three shillings and fourpence; and one hundred and eighty acres of demesne Jand render sixpence per acre; there are twenty-seven bondagia, eighteen of which are in the hands of tenants at. will, each rendering thirteen - shillings and fourpence, the other nine are desolated and lying waste, and for herbage each renders three shillings and four- pence ; thirteen cotagia render each twelvepence; one water mill £8, of which £4 being paid to the ‘renowned chapel’ at Chatton, there remains to the lord £4; a certain severall pasture called ‘Musgrave Schell,’ renders for herbage sixty shillings; a park with wild animals called ‘Kelsowe’ is of no value beyond the maintenance of the wild animals ; free tenants render £6 14s,; _and the perquisites of the Halmotes are worth four shillings.”’+ These payments were due to Lord Henry de Percy (probably the third Baron Percy), who held the boroughs of Alnwick and Alnmouth, and the towns of Alnwick and Lesbury, Great Houghton, Chatton, Alnham, and a pasture called Swinlees, by homage and fidelity, and by service of twelve knights’ fees, and as parcel of the barony of Alnwick, and also by service of sixty shillings yearly paid to the king’s exchequer. _ This Inquisition shows that in 1368, there were in Chatton twenty-seven Bondagia, and thirteen Cotagia, held directly under the Lord Baron. Their occupants were tenants at will, with rents of 13s. 4d. and 1s. respectively f. * Hodgson’s “ Northumberland,” Part iii., Vol. ii, p. 187. In 1475, the Folberries held ‘‘ one parcel of land in Chatton.”—Tate, i., p, 350. + ‘ Tate’s “ History of Alnwick,” Vol. i., p. 138. { William, the son of Ulfkill, held by soccage at Chatton, in the barony of de Vescy, half a caracute of land, by payment of half a mark.—‘‘ Testa de Neville ’’—Hodgson, v. p. 209. [A caracute consisted of 8 bovates, and each bovate of 10, 12, 18, or 14 acres, or otherwise, according to the quality of the land.—See Coldingham ‘ Account Rolls,” &c.] ; \ 56 Notices of Chatton, by Messrs. Procter and Hardy. It is not improbable that the wild animals mentioned in the. park at Chatton in 1368, were the same as are still kept-in Chillingham Park. The park called “ Kelsowe ” cannot at present be identified, but it lay somewhere on “Chatton Moor.’* It probably consisted of the 200 acres or there- abouts which Edward I., in 1292, detached from the barony of Alnwick and disafforested+. Did he himself pursue the. chase therein? We know from returns, dated from Plump- ton (Northamptonshire), 1296-7, that King Edward enjoyed the sport of hawking, and that Patrick Earl of Dunbar accommodated him with the loan of a falcon, and the services of Elias Spot, the earl’s own falconer, to take charge of it while the king lived there in retirement}. The probability is, that he took his pastime during his various. progresses on the Borders. The royal appropriation of this 200 acres appears from an_ inquiry before the Justices in Eyre, A.D. 1292, into the manorial rights of the Great Barons; and the return as. contained in the “ Rotuli Hundredorum,” so far as it relates: to the power and privileges of the Barony of Alnwick, is. given in Mr. Tate’s “History,” 1, p. 94. It supplies impor- tant information on the power of the demesne lord in Chatton territory, and after quoting it there will be no need. for further references to his prerogatives :— : *¢ William de Vesci was brought forward that he might on, this day, here show, by what warrant he’ claimed to have the. ~ chattels of felons condemned in his own court of Alnewyk, gallows in Alnewyk, market and fair, tumbrell, pillory, toll, correction of the assize of bread and ale broken in Alnewyk,, ‘Chatone, and Alnemuthe, free chace in Alnewyk, Alneham, and Chatone, and free warren in all his demesne lands in the. vills aforesaid, &e. ; “ And William, by his attorney, came and produced a certain charter, made under the name of lord Henry king, father of the. present lord king, toa certain William de Vesci, father of William himself, whose heir he is, by which the same lord Henry king grants to the aforesaid William his father, that he and his. ' * A park of the de Vescies within the precincts of Alnwick forest, in which. domestic cattle were grazed, is written Walsow, Walshow, Walshowe, from 1260--1297. Mr. Tate thinks that the termination is how, a rounded hill; but are. not this and ‘' Kelsowe,” corruptions of Leasow, a pasture-ground P— J. “+ « Anno 7o Ed. L., Mem’. 79, Joh’ es de Vescy—Chatton mora diafforesta.”” —Hodgson, Vol. v., p. 47., ‘‘ Eschaet,” &c. t Stevenson's “ Documents,” &c., iii, p. 137. Notices of Chatton, by Messrs, Procter and Hardy. 57 heirs should have ever one market at his own manor of Chatone in the county of Northumberland, weekly on Wednesday, and one fair yearly, to continue for eight days, to wit, on the vigil, and on the day, and on the morrow of the Exaltation of Holy Cross (Sept. 14), and for five days following* . . , and so he claimed the liberties contained in the aforesaid charter; and the other liberties contained in the brief, he claimed from an- tiquity. And he said that he and all his ancestors from time immemorial used them uninterruptedly, excepting in about two hundred acres of wood and moor in Chattone, which were within the forest, but afterwards by the present lord king were disafforested, and in these he claimed not chase. and warren.” - In 1634 the tenants of Chatton complained in the Baron . Court of Alnwick of Sir Ralph Grey of Chilingham taking land of Chatton without right, and enclosing from Chatton Common}. This encroachment may refer to the enclosure made by the park-wall of Chillingham, which projects with an elbow into Chatton Moor on the west. Robin Hood’s Bog, to which, when disturbed, the wild cattle habitually . resort, and to which tradition points as their pristine habitat, is at the extreme elbow of this conjectural intake. Can Sir Ralph Grey, or any of his predecessors, have enclosed what was once “ the Kelsowe ” ? The Inquisition of 1368 states the value of the manor of Chatton to be £35 2s. 4d.; whereas in 1289, it was valued at £68 16s. 14d., a falling off caused probably by the waste of the Border wars. In parliament of the 6th year of Richard II. (1382), the two representatives of Northumberland, Adomar de Athol and Ralph de Eure, had wages at 6s. per day, for which a county cess was levied, and Chatton as its share paid, * quis. ivd.”t Reveley is a prominent name among the inhabitants of Chatton about 1550. In Hodgson’s “ Northumberland,” is given a list of the gentlemen, inhabitants of the East Marches, in 1550, one of whom is- “ Thomas Reveley, Baylive of Chattone.” And in an order for night watches ’ against Scotch invaders in October, 1552, Thomas Reveley * The right of holding market and fair at Chatton and Alnmouth was granted to William de Vescy, 37 Hen. III., a.p. 1253.—Hodgson, part iii., ol. ii, p 391. Mr. Tate makes the day of the fair to be on “ the beheading of Saint John the Baptist.” It is here corrected from the original, + ‘Tate’s “ History of Alnwick,”’ i., 351. ¢ Appendix to Wallis’ ‘ Northumberland,” ii., p. 3. 58 Notices of Chatton, by Messrs. Procter and Hardy, is appointed to set the watches at. Lyem bridge, the Bull- ford, and the Kyrk-ford upon the Till, within the bounds of Lyem and Chatton ; and the same Thomas Reveley,.Baylef - of Chatton, was appointed a commissioner for the inclosures of the East Marches, “from Glen to Bremish between Tyll and Cheviott.” By the same ordinances, men of Chatton, with other places named, kept the nigh-watch “from Lang- ley-ford to Ryden-burne”; the fords from Lyham to Chatton being watched by men from Lyem, Hessilrigge, Bell-ford, and Howburne™. Chatton, with various other townships in the barony, was obliged annually to send armed men to guard the town of Alnwick during the fair. Chatton and Chillmgham provided four men, and the custom is still binding*t. The townships in this parish are Chatton, Coldmartin, Fowberry, Hazelridge, Hetton, Hettonhouse, Horton, Lyham, and Weetwood. The Church at Chatton was parcel of Alnwick Abbey. William de Vescy, son of Eustace de Vescy the founder of the abbey, by a charter between the year 1157 and 1184 granted the church of Chatton “to God, and the church of St. Mary at. Alnwick and the Canons of the Premonstra- tensian order—servants of God—in that place,” for the salvation of himself, his father Eustace, and mother Beatrix, and of all his ancestors}. The name of Hugo, “sacerdos de Chetton,” witnesses the similar grant of the church of Chillingham, by the same bountiful patron to the same convent; and Bernard, “parsona de Chettone,” witnesses another grant of this William de Vescy to the same. In a farther gift, by another William de Vescy, who flourished from 1215-1250, of a toft in “ Villa de Chettone,” containing a circuit of 44 perches, each perch containing 20 feet, also to this abbey, we have probably the names and number of the resident clergy at Chatton, at the period of the donation. They were Master Robert Bataill, then vicar, and Roger and Andrew, “clericis de Chettone.” The two first belonged to . the Church as it existed before its settlement in 1224, when Lord Richard de Vesci (Canon of Beverley) was vicar. De Vesci may have been succeeded by Robert Bataill, who had two assistant curates. With regard to the toft, or building * Nicolson’s ‘ Border Laws,” p. 212, &c. + Wallis, ii, 383; Tate,i, p. 441. : + Tate’s “ Alnwick,”’ ii., p. 5; and Appendix, p. ix. (abridged). Notices of Chatton, by Messrs. Procter and Hardy. 59 site ; at the dissolution, about 1539, Alnwick Abbey held in Chatton, two tenements, at a rental of 8s.* September 20, 1224, is the date of a “ Deed of Ordination, or Settlement of the Church of Chatton,” by Richard de Marisco, Bishop of Durham—and chancellor of England at the beginning of the reign of Henry III.+ *¢ To all the faithful’in Christ, “‘ Richard, by the grace of God, Bishop of Durham—greeting in the Lord.—‘ Know ye that whereas our beloved sons in - Christ, the Abbot and Convent of Alnwick of the one part, and Lord Richard de Vesci, Vicar of the Church of Chatton, and Canon of Beverley, of the other part, have of. their own accord and absolutely placed under our disposal whatever right they have in the said Church at Chatton, we have ordered concerning the same church after this manner, that is to say, that the colla- tion or donation of the Vicarage of the said Church of Chatton shall remain in us and our successors for ever, which Vicarage shall consist for ever of all obventions, small tithes, revenues and proceeds of every kind to the said Church and its Chapels- belonging by whatever name they are called, except the tithes of corn and the land of Doddington which belongs to the afore- said Church, from which land nevertheless the Vicarage of the aforesaid Church of Chatton shall have a competent Manse for ever: but all the tithes of corn to the said Church of Chatton, and its Chapels belonging, we have granted, and by this present writing confirmed unto the Abbot and Convent of Alnwick to be taken and converted to their own proper use—but the Vicar to whomsoever the said Vicarage shall be collated by us and our successors, shall personally reside in the same, and shall keep up the ordinary burdens to the said Church of Chatton belonging, and shall have the said Manse in the said village of Doddington, and also the land which belongs to the Church in the village of Chatton for ever. *¢ And that this our said ordination may be firm and lasting, as well our seal, as the seal of the Chapter of Alnwick have been affixed to this writing. Before these witnesses. Symon, our chamberlain; William of Arundel; Godfrey, Vicar of Woodhorn; Michael, Vicar of Benton; Hugh de Goherst ; Stephen de Burton; Roger de Lacy, our client, and others,, Given at Auclent [ Auckland} by the hand of Henry our chaplain, on the morrow of St. Michael, in the eighth year of our Pontificate. ’ + Pe ibid. pix), xt.5 Mba, p.. 26. + Hodgson, iii, Vol. ii. Reg., i., Eccles. Dunelm, part 2, p. 5. } Raine makes 1217 the first year of his Pontificate, which is also the date specified in the ‘' Chronicle of Melrose.’’ H 60. Notices of Chatton, by Messrs. Procter and Hardy. The patronage probably remained in the hands of the Bishop of Durham till the Reformation, on the eve of which the Abbot and Convent of Alnwick seem to have presented a vicar in 1507 ; and in 1549, Edmund Ryveley and others seem to have assumed the right of presentation for the Abbot and Convent of the lately dissolved Monastery of Alnwick. At the next vacancy of the vicarage in 1560, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, presents the vicar, and the patronage has continued in the hands of the Perey family ever since. In the taxation of all the churches and benefices, 1254, Chatton is placed in the deanery beyond the Coquet, and is valued :-— ‘‘Chatton...... ex, mare. Dec. vij. Vittely cxacusuenenen xxxv. mare. Dee. iij.’’* In the taxation of 1292, for tenths of all ecclesiastical benefices granted by Pope Nicholas IV. to Edward I., to- wards the expenses of a crusade, Chatton stands thus :— Ss Chatbon Rector’. 2. ie agisucse + oa £100 Os. Od. Nicer’ ejusdem) ss) ivse His restless bark of life might drive.” 68 Notice of Jumes Service, by Mr. James Hardy. From his writings we glean that, when abroad, he visited Hindostan. One of his poems is headed, “Stanzas on leaving Bengal, written at Diamond Harbour, on board the ship Rockingham.” He had been at home in 1820 and 1821. At p. 117 he speaks of being a hapless emigrant, and at p. 118 are verses on leaving England for the West Indies; and at p. 120 he commemorates “ William Wilson, a par- ticular friend, who died December 16, 1841, in St. George’s Town, St. David’s Island, Bermuda.” His first publication was, “The Wandering Knight of Dunstanborough Castle, a Northumbrian Legend; and Miscellaneous Poems. By James Service. Alnwick, printed for the author, by William Davison. 1822.” (pp. 136, 18mo.) It was about that date, or in 1823, that, according to my informant, he officiated as school-master at Chatton. He was not prepossessing in appearance, being “a short man, not very well faur’d,” 4e., not over handsome, and rather too fond of the bottle—a propensity which the hospitalities of the hard-drinking farmers, whose board he frequented, was not calculated to discourage. From a paragraph in the “ Neweastle Magazine” for Oct., 1827, he was then again proposing authorship; and a - specimen is given of “Part of a Chapter of a Voyage to India: Hindoo Castes, Parias, Morals and Manners, Litera- ture, &c.”—a “work about to issue from the press.” The editor remarks, “from his observing mind and generally correct judgment, his personal residence in India must have enabled him to add considerably to the stores of knowledge on almost every subject connected with our Eastern empire.” This proceeded, I suppose, no further than the announce- ment. Another poetical attempt, which I have not seen, is entitled “Metrical Legends of Northumberland.”* When Richardson’s “Table Book” was issued in 1842, he con- tributed verses dated from Temple, near Warenford. Like his own “wandering knight,” he was unsettled. Years previous he was conscious that his life had been a failure— ‘© Alas! with youth’s warm hopes have died Youth’s soaring energies of soul. My powers of song, my minstrel pride, Have found their final goal! My heart is cold—my hopes are o’er— And I can feel—but sing no more.” * JT have since heard that this work, which was published by W. Davison in 1834, was edited and not written by Service. Some of the productions are his. Notice of James Service, by Mr. James Hardy. 69 There are good lines and striking passages in his poetry, but no one single piece is thoroughly finished. His principal production is a version of the Legend of Dunstanborough Castle. These old tales require judicious treatment not to spoil their flavour. Mr. Service’s is a somewhat meretricious rendering, in no fixed measure, of what should only be a simple ballad. His strength lay in his patriotic impulses and yearnings for home; and we can still good-naturedly echo his genuine praise of his “loved Northumbria,” that “romantic land of chivalrous renown,” in lines thus deftly handled :— ‘© No! o’er thy plains and mountain summits bleak, Adorned with many a mculdering tower antique, In ruined grandeur memorably rude ;— (Memorials stern of many a deadly feud) O’er all thy wilds, from Tweed’s remotest verge To where the Tyne rolls blithe to ocean’s surge ; No son of thine, how rude soe’er his heart, But feels it swell at all thou wast and art, And owns his patriot spirit on the wing With every lay his native minstrels sing! ”’ In his latter years he probably could not take care of himself, and took refuge in a workhouse. After reading his verses in 1860, I asked my friend, Mr. Robert White, of Newcastle, if he knew anything about his history, and he wrote of date December 5 :—“ From James Service I had a letter about a year ago, wishing me to assist him. He was then in the poorhouse at Sunderland, and sometimes attended in the shop of Mr. Garbutt—a bookseller there, who died some months ago. I called at. the said shop once when I was at Sunderland, but could not see him as he was at the workhouse, which was nearly two miles distant. I think he told me he had a wooden leg, and he disliked exceedingly the confinement of the poorhouse. Very likely he is there still.” This was nearly fourteen years ago. Of ~ either praise or blame he must be reckless now. This is all I know of poor Service ! 70 Obituary Notice of Thomas Young Greet. In Thomas Young Greet, the Club has lost an active and promising member, cut off in the prime of life. He was born at Brixton, Surrey, in December, 1833; and died at Birchhill, Norham, 29th April, 1873. At his first school, at Canterbury, he imbibed ideas of ecclesiastical antiquities ; and he acquired a taste for botany from the lady with whom he boarded. Purposing to follow out the profession of land agent and surveyor, he was articled for five years to Messrs. Farebrother, Clark, and Lye, London. At the expiration of his articles in 1854, he learnt farming with Mr. Alexander Smith, of Galagate, for two years. Finding our Border climate suited his health better than the south, and enjoying the sport. of angling in the Tweed, he resolved to settle down at Norham. In the autumn of 1858, and thereafter for eight months, he travelled on the Continent and in the island of Sicily, with his friend Capt. Hutchinson, R.A. On his return, he remained at Norham till July, 1860, when he went to Australia. He passed thirteen months in the colonies of Victoria and Adelaide—returning to England in February, 1862. He went to Morris Hall in 1865; and soon atter was married to Miss Sarah Jane Laing, second daughter of the late Mr. John Laing, of Cornhill, now left a widow with four daughters. Two years ago, having pre- viously bought the pleasantly situated small property of Birchhill, overlooking the village of Norham and the beauti- ful stretch of the Tweed from Ladykirk House to Norham Castle, he commenced building a villa, which he only lived ‘to complete. He removed into it from Morris Hall in March, and was only once beyond the threshold, In Australia, when staying at Guicheno Bay, Mr. Greet formed a collection of the different sea-weeds, shells, &¢., on that coast, and made several water-colour sketches of Australian bush scenery. Whilst. there he became very friendly with Father Woods, of Penola, a geologist and mineralogist, who has written a very important work on the geology and mineralogy of South Australia, Mr. Greet used to visit him up-country, mineralise with him, and make sketches to aid his work. He commenced gathering coins and antiquities when a lad, and had a small excellent collection of English gold and silver coins, as well as articles of antiquity, such as celts, &e, On Hawick and its Neighbourhood. 71 He had a taste for pictures, and was himself a fair draughtsman. He was a friend of Horatio Macculloch, who painted some pictures for him. He had also several good pictures by R. T. Ross, Sticks, Williams, and Train. Mr. Greet was elected a member of the Club, October 28, 1857. He contributed to Vol. iv., p. 218 of the “ Hist. of the Club,” two plates of “Saxon Sculptured Stones at Norham ”; and to Vol. v., p. 289, “ Notes on Ancient Relics found in the neighbourhood of Norham,” with a plate. There is also a notice of his, with figures, in the “ Border Magazine,” 1863, p. 245, “On Ancient Rings and a Bronze Pin, found near Norham.” On Hawick and its Neighbourhood. GEOLOGY OF THE Hawick District. By Professor James Elliot, Goldielands. THE geology of upper Teviotdale is very simple. Down the whole valley above Hawick, and to a distance of four miles below it, the rocks are all of the Silurian system ; and further down the Devonian commences, that is the Old Red Sandstone. The following brief remarks are limited to the former, including only the district immediately around Hawick :-— The Silurian rocks are all stratified. The strata, which originally must have been deposited in nearly horizontal layers, have subsequently been turned on their edge, being now nearly vertical, dipping at Hawick to the south-east, and further north to the north-west, the great anticlinal axis passing about a mile to the N.W. of Hawick. On the Hawick side of that axis the strata have those, which were originally the upper surfaces, now facing the south-east, but on the other side of that axis the upper surfaces face the north-west. The strata immediately north of Hawick are probably the oldest in the south of Scotland. The numer- ous foldings of the strata, so remarkable on the coast of Berwickshire, do not appear to exist here, having been caused, there, by volcanic action probably confined to the locality. 72 On Hawick and its Neighbourhood. The strike of the strata here,as in Berwickshire,is from north- east to south-west nearly, and that also without any great foldings, although often turned a little out of the general direction. The summits of all our highest hills are of trap rock, leading, in combination with the appearance of some of them, to the idea that they have been centres of volcanic action ; but a more probable theory is that the whole district has been at one time overlaid, to some height, with trap rock, which subsequently, by the action of glaciers and the inroads of the sea, has been all swept away, except in a few spots where superior compactness has preserved both the trap itselfand the rock below it from denudation. The only argument against this is, that not a fragment of trap remains in the upper valley of the Teviot. On the top of Wind- burgh, and also on the Eildon Hills, the trap may be seen in vertical and very regular basaltic columns. Besides these trap summits, there are some dykes of greenstone, the principal one of these extending across the whole island, in a direct but tacking course, and of a nearly ~ uniform width, from Acklington, in Northumberland, to the mouth of the Clyde. oe The district 1s entirely devoid of coal, and shows only the faintest traces of some of the commoner metals. Even the dyke just mentioned, which appears to be auriferous in its north-western course, shows no trace of gold here. The present condition of the district is undoubtedly due to glacial action, but not demonstrably so, as in the High- lands; where we can measure the depth of every glacier. The surface of the rock here is so uniformly covered with soil, that grooved and polished surfaces are rarely visible. Our numerous scaurs, however, composed of boulder clay, are evidently deposits from glaciers, a great part of the stones washed out from them being polished and striated, on one surface at least. We have no ice-berg boulders. Until lately the district was believed to be entirely devoid of organic fossils, of either animal or vegetable origin ; a solitary specimen, supposed to be the footsteps of a crusta- cean, having been found by Professor Harkness, at the extreme limit of the district. But in 1869, I sent some good specimens to Sir R. Murchison, at his request, and subsequently exhibited some others to the Hawick Archzeo- logical Society, and to the Geological Societies of Edinburgh Ow Hawick and its Neighbourhood. 73 and London. Soon after my communications to the two first of these societies, Messrs. Wilson and Lapworth pro- duced other specimens from the Silurian Rocks of Roxburgh- shire and Mid-Lothian, including a Proto virgularia from near Hawick and some graptolites from the upper valley of the Slitrig. Their other specimens were from the wpper Silurian formations, in which graptolites and crustaceans are more abundant. Subsequently, Mr. Robert Michie found a good specimen also in the valley of the Slitrig, which Dr. Woodward, of the British Museum, has since described as a new species of crustacean. Next, Miss Jessie Watson picked up, in the quarry at Stirches, a well-marked impression of what appeared to me to be a plant resembling a fern, but has been set down by higher authorities as the footprints of a Nereite. Mr. Alexander Michie subsequently found the same impressions 77 situ, and sent a good specimen to the British Museum, which is now in their collection. He and myself have subsequently added many others, as yet name- less, to our collections: and these we will have pleasure in showing to those members of the Club who may take an interest in them. Only it must be understood that, although far more rare and interesting in a geological point of view, they have neither the beauty nor the distinctness of the fossils of the coal measures, which belong to a much later period. I regard them as almost entirely vegetable impres- sions, but it is the cumulative evidence of the whole which most clearly establishes that, not the appearance of any single specimen. Mr. Robert Ewen has also deposited in our museum a very remarkable and unique fossil, found by his son in the green- stone dyke previously described. It is about a yard in length and several inches in diameter, cylindrical in its lower half and tapering above, the lower part of dolorite, the upper of porphyry. It has been described by certain geologists as a basaltic column, as if any basaltic pillar had been found, either single, or circular, or tapering. I regard it also as a petrified plant swept into the current of lava from the adjacent rock. I have also, I may add, found in more than ten different places, well-marked examples of impressions made by showers of volcanic sand, sometimes in little hard grains, sometimes in a melted condition. introduced with the grass seeds. Menitotus arvensis, Wallr. Several places on Tweedside, and on cultivated ground about Kelso. I suspect this will be fre- quently overlooked as officinalis ; the habit and general appear- ance being very much alike, especially up till about August 270 Additions to “East Bor. Flora,” by Mr. A. Brotherston. when officinalis usually dies off, but arvensis keeps throwing out in profusion its pretty racemes of light yellow flowers until killed by the frost. By examining either the flowers or pods they are easily distinguished. In officinalis the petals are equal in length, and the pods are compressed, reticulate, and hairy ; while in arvensis the wings and standard are longer than the keel, the pods being rounded, transversely ribbed, obtuse and glabrous. ASTROLOBIUM SCORPIOIDES, D.C. Tweedside, introduced with wool, and probably also with ‘canary seed,’’ as I picked up a plant on a place where the cleanings of an aviary were sometimes thrown. (Native of Europe). Pyrus rupicona, Syme. Gaitheugh; when coming down the river side, in July last, along with Captain Norman, we saw several bushes on the rocky precipitous face of the ravine near the upper end. This is scarcely the typical plant; it has a leaning towards Aria in the number of veins in the leaves; but it has the obovate leaf and other characteristics of rupicola. Pimprnetta MAGNA, L. Very rare, I have only seen a solitary plant on a bank near Kelso. SENECIO CANNABINZFOLIUS, Hook. and Arn. Introduced with wool to the Gala. Native of Buenos Ayres. AntHEMIs TINcToRIA, L. The first that I saw of this casual in our district, was a specimen that I got from Mr. T. Henderson, who found it at Berwick, June, 1874. In September following Mr. J. Murray picked up a plant in a field at Wallace-Nick, near Kelso, to which in all probability it was introduced with grass seeds. Orepis TecroruM, L. Roadside near Kelso. By whatever means this interesting plant was introduced (if not wild) it was not by wool, the habitat being out of reach of the river; but it might have come with grass seeds, like several others of the same family. I first found it in 1872, and as none of the descriptions of our British species would fit it, I submitted a specimen (not a good one) to Professor Babington. He thought it was ‘‘a form of the polymorphous C. wirens.” Being at the same place in August last, I procured some more specimens, in a better state for determination ; and, still hav- ing doubts about it, sent examples. to the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, where it was determined to be C. tectorum, L. (not Sm.) The scarious ribs of the fruit distinguish it from wrens, which has smooth ribs. » Nuicwensis, Balb. Occasionally in pastures, to which it has been introduced with grass seeds. ‘‘Comes between C. biennis and C. virens, var. agrestis.” —Dr. Boswell Syme. Satix unpuLaTA, Hhrh. Peatrig bog, near Kelso. Additions to “Hast Bor. Flora,” by Mr. A. Brotherston. 271 es Forspyana, Sm. Appears tobe scattered over the district _-Makerstoun, Floors, Carham, near mouth of the White- adder, ete. », FERRUGINEA, 4nders. Frequent. Roadside near Berry- hill; Peatrig bog; Tweedside, near Kelso; side of ‘‘ Smiddy burn,”’ Ednam, ete. », Ruacosa, Leefe. Banks of the Tweed, Teviot, Eden, etc., frequent. There are also intermediate forms between this and the preceding. Several forms between S. wminalis and Smithiana are to be found in the district, some of which are very near stipularis, Sm., others to intricata, Leefe. But in this section it is very difficult to get a plant to agree in every particular with the description. Mr. J. G, Baker, of the Royal Herbarium, Kew, who kindly gave me his opinion of all those that I had any doubts about, makes the following remark :—‘‘ You will find plants half-way between the varieties as often as the variety exact ’-—which is certainly the case. » WeitcELiana, Willd. This variety of phylicifolia seems to be frequent and widely-spread over the district. Moorland roadside near Fairnington ; Tweedside, near Gaitheugh; bank on roadside near Carham; sides of the Ettrick near Selkirk. There is also a specimen, leaves only (unnamed), in the Herbarium, Berwick Museum, from ‘Island in the Tweed below Newbigging.” oe eERTA, 8“. G) Baker.”, Primside: bog. This isone, of those intermediate forms that it is not easy to say which it belongs to. It is rocorded in ‘‘ Procedings, 1872, as cotinifolia (and I think that is still the best name). Mr. Baker’s remarks on this were :—‘‘ Pubescence of hirta, leaf of cotinifolia (these nigricantes run greatly into one another)”; but he did not giveitaname. Writing afterwards about the same plant, he said, “‘hirta best name, but leaves do not match, individual plant drawn from.” Since writing the above I have had the following opinions on it:—1. ‘ Cotinifolia.’—Dr. Syme. 2. ‘‘I shall call it var. cotinifolia in report. It is so by its capsules undoubtedly ; though I recognise a trace of hirta in some respects.”—Dr. Lees, Recorder for the ‘‘ Bot. Loc. Rec, Club.” 3. “‘ Amongst which are many vars. of nigricans [alluding to Leefe’s speci- mens in the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garder, Edinburgh ]. I am certainly rather inclined to consider it more akin to S. cotinifolia, chiefly from the shape of the leaves; there seem to be so many forms between S. hirta and cotinifolia, and yours does not precisely agree with any of those I have seen.”—Mr. J. F. Duthie. », Forsterrana, Sm. Banks of the Tweed and roadsides near 272 Additions to “Kast Bor. Flora,” by Mr. A. Brotherston. Kelso; ditchside, Angryflat, Kelso. This, like others of the nigricantes, is very variable ; no two plants that I have seen are alike in every respect; they differ both in habit and in the form and clothing of the leaves. Satrx Damascena, Forbes. Near Carham. Possibly the same as S. Andersoniana of “‘ Kast Bor.” (I have not examined it), they being nearly allied and having glabrous capsules. Besides, these two were not distinguished in ‘‘ Eng. Fl.,”’ the nomen- clature of which was followed in ‘‘ Kast Bor.” PoraMoGETON POLYGONIFOLIUS, var. LInEARIS, Syme MS. Plen- tiful in the old pond at Muserig. This is a most peculiar looking variety; many of the linear, submerged leaves are upwards of two feet in length. It was determined by Dr. Syme. He says, ‘‘The Potamogeton is one that up to this summer [written February, 1875] puzzled me. I had it first from Mr. A. G. More, from Galway, the year before last, and then supposed it to be P. sparganifolius, Laest., a narrow- leaved form; then Mr. More sent it from Killarney, and I thought it most like P. variifolius, Thor. But last summer, Mr. More got a friend of his (Mr. Barrington) to send me fine specimens from Killarney, in flower (all I had seen before were without flowers or fruit), and it turned out to bea variety _of P. polygonifolius. I have not yet seen the fruit of it, and should much like to do so.” “Tt differs from both P. sparganifolius and variifolius, in having the stem wnbranched, i.c., there are no side-shoots with- out flowers, and having nothing but submerged leaves; and the peduncles and flowers are quite similar to those of ordinary P. polygonifolius, The main stem creeps at the bottom of the water and sends up simple (or forked) stems—when the stem forks, each branch commonly produces floating leaves.” ms nitens, Web, This very rare species is abundant in the Tweed below Kelso. I have found it on both sides of the river. It is very likely to occur upwards also. Carex Fitirormis, L. Abundant in Lurgie Loch; and, to judge by the habit and leaves only, it is also plentiful in Primside bog, Roxburghshire, but of this I am not quite certain. Dr. F. Douglas—who, along with Dr. Clay and Mr. W. B. Boyd, discovered it in Learmouth bog, Northumberland, eight years ago, which is the only recorded station for this plant in the district* hitherto (“‘ Proc.,” Vol. v., p. 03)—could not find it on a subsequent visit, and he believes that it is now extermin- ated by drainage. The total disappearance of this and several other interesting bog plants from this district appears to me to be only a question of time. Last year (1874) very few of the Lurgie Loch plants threw up flowering stems, and I have never * «Newham Bog, near Bamburgh.”—Dr. G. R. Tate. “New Flora of Northumberland and Durham,” p. 280. Discovery of Arabis Turrita, by Mr. A. H. Borthwick. 278 seen those in Primside bog in flower at all. But perhaps it is a shy flowerer naturally, (?) not requiring that means of in- crease, as it is well provided for otherwise, by means of its stolons and creeping rootstock; although there are planis equal, and even better off, in that respect, that flower freely every year. Puanaris PARADOXA, L. Forest field, Kelso. Amongst the “excluded”’ in the ‘‘Stud. Fl.,” and said to have been ‘‘only once found”; but it now appears to be turning up in various localities. Festuca pseuDO-myurvs, Soyer. Near the mouth of the Gala. This should have been amongst the ‘‘ wool” plants in last year’s list, but somehow or other it was left out. It was much more plentiful than F. ambigqua. 6 HETEROPHYLLA, Pastures and roadsides about Kelso ; introduced with farm seeds. Bromus Erxctus, Huds. Banks of the Tweed below Hender- syde Park. As this plant is in both the ‘Flora of Edinburgh,” and the ‘‘New Flora of Northumberland and Durham,’’ it was very likely to turn up on the Borders. It was growing on a part of the banks that was usually eaten by cattle, but allowed to grow last year, otherwise it might have escaped notice. », wTECTORUM, L. Tweedside below Kelso. CERATOCHLOA unioxtorpES, D.C. Do., and near mouth of the Gala. This and the preceding introduced with wool. Cuara FrRacitis, Desy. Muserig Pond along with C. fetida, Braun. Arabis Turrita discovered at Haining. By A. H. BoRTHWICK. It has been my good fortune within the last few weeks to discover another station for that rare plant Arabis Turrita. The only other place hitherto given up for it in Scotland has been Cleish Castle. On the 17th day of April last, when walking through the policy and grounds of the Hain- ing, I found a cruciferous plant growing on the top and sides of an old crumbling wall, and having every appearance of being indigenous. On examination, I pronounced it to be, as I have said before, Arabis Turrita. Again, on the 5th May, I re-visited the spot for the purpose of getting fresh specimens ; it was then in fruit, and pods of considerable length were beginning to diverge and come downwards. Melrose, 19th May, 1874. 274 On Ancient Stone Cists and Human Remains discovered at Ayclitie House, near Ayton. In the second week of November, 1873, while some work- men were employed in laying out and levelling the grounds adjacent to Aycliffe House (a new mansion on the site of what was formerly Millbank), situated about four hundred yards above the junction of the river Eye with the Ale, on the estate of Alexander Mitchell Innes, Esq., of Ayton Castle, they discovered a number of stone-coffins or cists containing skeletons, evidently those of ancient Britons of a very early age. The cists were arranged parallel to each other, in a north and south direction, in two rows, and were found at a depth of from 15 inches to 4 feet, and from 4 to 6 feet apart. There were no cairns or barrows. The graves had not been formed, as is usual, on level ground, but on a steep bank facing the south, which slopes to the river Eye. The bank there slopes to the river at an angle of about 30° ; and these eraves formed two lines or rows—oblique to the slope of the bank. This was so steep that the grave at the east or lower extremity of one of the rows, was about eight feet below the level of the graves at the other or upper end. The stones forming the sides, ends, and tops of the graves were of the rudest description. They were flat stones of ereywacke, or greywacke slate, such as might have been obtained from the channel of the river, which runs at the foot of the bank. There was one stone at the foot, and another at the head, with three or four stones on the top. But the stones did not fit closely to one another, in conse- quence of which the graves, when opened, were much filled with earth, and the bones much separated. In one case, apparently, the bones had been disturbed, as if some one had searched the graves. ‘Towards the upper slope of the banks the graves became more closely packed together, and seemed to have been placed in their position without any fixed order, as some of the skeletons lay with their heads to the north, others with their heads to the south. When Mr. Milne Home visited the place, only eight graves had been laid bare, but subsequently twelve was the number disin- terred. In seven of those graves the skull was at the south end; in the eighth the skull was at the north end. The row consisting of eight occupied a space about ten yards long by two yards wide. Mr. James Hardy, on some Ancient Stone Cists, de. 275 The length of the graves (inside measure) was about 4 feet, the width 20 inches, the depth 15 inches. The skele- tons were found doubled up in a recumbent position, side- ways, their heads resting between their knees. They were more or less decayed, and the skull of only one was fit to preserve. The bones of it were intact, with the exception of the temporal. The upper jaw-bones were ina good state of preservation, but only contained three of the teeth. The under-jaw was quite good, and contained all the teeth in very fair condition. Four of the double teeth were very large. The skull measured 20 inches round, a little above the occiput. The height from the chin to the top of the brow indicated a long face. The skull was somewhat nar- row in front, but widened considerably towards the back. ’ The size of the skull, of the teeth, and of the bones, induced the belief that the persons interred were middle-aged. From the position of the graves, and the appearance of the contents, it was inferred that they had been all formed at the same time—probably after a battle. In the last grave uncovered, an urn appeared, placed bottom upwards. This grave did not differ in construction from the rest. It contaimed no skeleton, but only a little dark earth. The vase-shaped urn was very rude and simple, and made of red fire-clay. It is in the possession of Mr. Mitchell Innes, who has communi- cated a sketch of it (Plate v.), along with its dimensions. It is 6 inches high externally, 5 inches deep in the interior ; breadth across the mouth, 64 inches ; broadest interior part, 5 inches ; breadth of the ornamental bossed ring, 7 inches. There are no ornaments, other than three bosses, across this band, and no handles, nor were the bosses perforated. This account is drawn up from a variety of statements from different correspondents, compared with paragraphs in the “Scotsman,” “ Courant,” and the local papers. JAMES Harpy. PotamocEton nitENS. This I gathered in the Teviot in front of Ormiston House, and I do not think it has been previously noticed in our district.—W. B. Boyp. © 3 HETEROPHYLLUS. This grows plentifnlly in Cauld- shiels Loch.—Isr.' Cuenoropium Borrys. This native of the south of Europe has occurred as a straggler near Cherrytrees.—J. B. Boyp. ag 276 On a Bronze Celt found at Linden. By R. G. BoLam, Weetwood Hall, Belford. I sEND you herewith a sketch of an old bronze “Celt,” which was found in cutting a drain across a bog upon the Linden estate, near Morpeth, and is now in the possession of the proprietor, Mr. Ames. Its measurements are :—Length from A to 0, 54inches; width at a, 12 inches ; width at B,1 inch; width at c, Zths of an inch; thickness at D, 2th of an inch; weight, 8 ounces. A drawing of a similar implement is given in the “ Pictorial History of Scotland” (Virtue & Co.) as belonging to the bronze period ; but in this there is a bar across the neck and a hole at the upper end, as if to attach a handle by a wooden pin. These are not in the specimen found at Linden, which seems a larger and stronger imple- ment, and, judging from the marks, to have been attached to the handle by strings or thongs. Note of the Arrival of some Migratory Birds at Belford, Bowmont Water, in 1873-4. By Dr. Rosson Scort. 18738. April 20. Sylvia trochilus (Willow Wren); observed several days before singing. Hirundo urbica (House Martin); disappeared, after staying a few days, and did not return till 6th May. May 7. Hirundo riparia and H. rustica. Tringa vulgaris (Sand Piper). Cuckoo. May 12. Sylvia cinerea (Whitethroat). May 20. Swift (Hirundo apus). 1874. April 22. Chimney Swallow (Hirundo rustica). Sand Martin (H. riparia). April 23. House Martin (H. urbica). April 29. Cuckoo. May 9. Willow Wren. Did not sing until 13th, May 18. Whitethroat. May 20. Swift. 277 Arrival, Departure, and Local Movements of Birds, near Oldcambus, 1874. By JAMES HARDY. Jan, 14. A pair of Stone-chats seen on the ccast. Only a few remain here all the winter, and occasionally all depart. Mal- lards less numerous in the sea. Thrushes continue among turnips, and in search of snails by wall-sides. Jan, 19. Lapwings very numerous in grass-fields, having come up from the lower part of the parish. Jan. 20. Fieldfares numerous as the frost was breaking up. Only a few Herons, Redshanks, and Curlews at the sea-side. The Curlews and Herons alternate between the country inland and the shores, their numbers being inconstant. Jan. 28. Starling whistling, Jan. 30. Missel-thrush in song. Feb. 1. Lapwings still present on the leas. Feb. 2. Larks attempting to sing. Ducks at sea, very few. Partridges calling at evening. Feb. 4. Curlews very noisy at sea-side; some uttering their summer notes. Feb. 5. Flock of Wild Geese passing northwards. Feb. 6. Yellow-hammer attempting to sing. Redbreast in song. Two male and six female Eider Ducks off the coast, diving along the Laminarian zone. When any one walks along the coast, they keep in line with him. They utter a noise like the cooing of apigeon. The fishermen call them ‘‘ Cud-doos,” 2.¢., St. Cuthbert’s doves, perhaps from the note and the pure con- spicuous white of the male bird. They stay all the winter, but are very seldom seen off here, and are said to breed on some of the rocks near Fastcastle. In earlier times, they also nestled on a rough part of the bank near the Cove harbour. Linnets singing. Curlews uttering summer notes; fourteen on the shore. Stone-chat has deserted its winter station beside an open marsh at the sea-side. No Snow-buntings visible for some time. Feb, 11. After snow-blasts, Snow-buntings again appeared. Feb. 12. Partridges paired. One Lapwing seen. Feb. 14. Three Lapwings seen, About twenty-seven Mallards at sea. Large flock of Snow-buntings, as also on February 17. Only one Heron. Wood-pigeon cooing. Feb. 16. Hedge-sparrow singing. Feb. 18. Ten Cormorants at Siccar. Only three Ducks; these begin to scatter inland, ascending the burns. Chaffinch singing. Feb. 19. No Lapwings on the leas. Five Black-headed Gulls fishing among the tangle. They were heard a few days pre- viously. They only visit here in passing. Feb. 23. One Lapwing calling on an upland field. These birds returned to the moors at Penmanshiel to-day. 278 Arrival, Departure, éc., of Birds, by Mr. Jas. Hardy. Feb. 24. Only three Ducks at sea, and one Heron. Herons were searce this winter, the burns and ponds being open. Lesser Black-backed Gull seen off Siccar. Feb. 25. Four Eider Ducks in pairs. Five Herons at shore, being frosty inland. Twenty-four or twenty-five Curlews. Fourteen Wild Ducks. The numbers show how the assemblages vary. A male Stone-chat came to the dean, and became resi- dent. March 1. Curlews in the turnip-fields. Lapwings in their lower breeding haunts, and calling by moonlight. March 6. No Mallards. Snow-buntings heard. Curlews visited the moors at Penmanshiel to-day. March 7. Several young grey Gulls with the old at sea. March 9. Several Moor-pipets in the sheep-fold. March 10. Snow. Twelve Lapwings driven down to the sheep- fold, Fieldfares also at the fold. March 11. Snow-buntings visible. Stone-chat remains in the dean. March 13. Five Lapwings at the fold. Mallards at sea-coast broken into parties of three, nine, five, and five respectively ; the gregarious ties becoming loosened, Only seven Curlews at Coast, and one Heron. March 14. One Black-headed Gull seen. March 17. Only one Mallard at sea. March 20. Snow-buntings at sea-banks. Great numbers of Cur- lews in the bogs at Drakemire, which lies on the Dunse road at Bunkle Edge. March 2]. Seven Curlews at the shore. Only one Cormorant. Gulls become clamorous if one looks over the bank at them resting or swimming about. One Grey Wagtail, the first, ata small stream. Seven Hider Ducks, four males and three females. March 22. Common Humble-bee abroad, and Nettle Butterfly, or ‘‘ Witch.” Blackbird attempting to whistle. Pied Wag- tail heard. March 23. Redshanks were numerous on 21st; but only three are visible to-day along a considerable line of coast. Twelve Curlews still there, and nine Wild Ducks, widely dispersed, the bands having broken up. One Pied Wagtail seen at the sea-side. Jackdaws building. Fifteen Lapwings in a flock passing northwards. One Heron only. No Cormorants visible, except one fishing at sea. They left early this year, a storm on the 19th March having scattered them; they never reas- sembled. They are accustomed to leave for days when the rough sea dashes over the favourite resorts, where they rest, sleep, and preen their plumage. Peregrine Falcon visited the sea-banks. Arrival, Departure, &c., of Birds, by Mr. Jas. Hardy. 279 March 24. Six or seven Curlews remain ; and a pair of Redshanks. Four Wild Geese pairing; one Fieldfare. March 25. A number of Kittiwakes associated in a party with Common Gulls on the Pease Sands. Five or six Redshanks again to-day ; eight or nine Gulls, two Ducks, and two Herons. March 26. Several Curlews; a pair of Redshanks; one Pied Wagtail; four Mallards. A pair of Lapwings passing north- wards. March 27. Six Curlews; no Mallards. TwofGrey-backed Crows passing northwards. March 30. One Redshank on the shore. Several Moor-pipets following the plough. "Water-Hen returned %o the pools in the dean. April 4. A pair of Stone-chats took up their abode in the dean and bred there among whin-bushes. No Pied Wagtails. _ April 5. Several Grey Wagtails, all new arrivals, seen at many different points along the coast. April 6. Eight Curlews and five Herons. No Redshanks nor Mallards. One Pied Wagtail. One Gannet fishing off the _ coast, the first. April 7. Pipets and Curlews are now settled on the high moors. Snipe humming in the air. One Ring Ouzel on the heights near Dowlaw. It did not visit the dean this season during its transition to the uplands. Wheat-ears arrived on the sea- banks near Redheugh, after mid-day. They were not there in the morning. Five Wild Geese passed. April 8. Wheat-ears have attained a mile farther north than yesterday. A pair of Stone-chats on the coast, but did not remain. April 11. Only one Curlew and one Heron. One Wheat-ear only left. April 13. Six Herons and four Curlews; and a single Cormorant, fishing at sea, which was still there on the 18th and 20th; no Wheat-ears, Wagtails, nor Stone-chats. April 18. A few Wheat-ears. April 21. Wasp abroad. Three Herons and two Ourlews. Willow Warbler (Sylvia Trochilus) arrived; singing at intervals. Some fresh Wheat-ears on the sea-banks; they appear to ar- rive in straggling parties, which are guided by the coast. In the afternoon, at four o’clock, observed six Martins (Hirundo urbica) making northwards, not in a body but in a scattered train; first two, then two, then one, which was followed by the sixth—and these at intervals of ten minutes; pursuing the sheltered windings of the dean, in the face of a sharp wind. Blue Tit pairing. April 22. More Wheat-ears in little parties of ten or thereabouts. One Swallow (Hirundo rustica) arrived. One Martin and one 280 Arrival, Departure, &c., of Birds, by Mr. Jas. Hardy. Sand Martin following the outline of the sea-banks and going to the north, No Curlews seen. Water-Hen has four eggs Copper Butterfly out. April 23. Blackcap (Curruca atricapilla) arrived at Pease Bridge ; singing and very active. Starlings building in the wood below the Bridge, and also in the sea-rocks at Siccar. Chiffchaff (Sylvia rufa) in the Pease dean; a bird never observed before in this vicinity. It frequented the young tall larches. It twice descended from the trees to the burn, and took a drink, and then mischievously gave chase to the Willow Warbler and the Gold-Crest, and a companion of its own species. The Willow Warblers are numerous in song, ‘wo Herons and two Cur- lews at the coast. April 24. Wood Warbler (Sylvia sylvicola) heard in Pease dean. More Blackeaps. Chiffchaff again heard. Two Swallows now prosent. April 25. Four Swallows present, the complete number. Two Mallards at sea. No Curlews. Three Lapwings passing southwards; perhaps they had got no mates in the north. Grey Linnets still in flocks at groundsel. April 27. Nine or ten Fieldfares near the coast, perhaps waiting for their departure; not seen again. No Curlews, Wheat- ears, or Herons on the shores. April 30. Corn-bunting arrived. May 1. White-throat arrived. Wheat-ear again seen. Cuckoo seen ; had arrived on the 29th April. Lapwings have young. May 2. "Wood Warbler more abundant in Pease dean, I thought I heard the Redstart’s note at Pease Bridge, but the male being a shy bird, I could not get near it, It did not visit Oldcambus dean this season ; but I observed a party of young and old, June 28, at the Pease Bridge. I never saw it there be- fore this season. Large flocks of Wood-pigeons in the fields, at seeds of Veronica hederifolia, among young wheat. No Sand- piper yetinthe burns. Whitethroat well spread. During the week a party of five Sand Martins was observed on the North British Railway, hastening past in a body northwards, not leaving their track. Young Thrush full feathered. May 9. Tree-pipet on tall trees at Cockburnspath. No Swifts or Martins as yet settled in the neighbourhood. June 15. Some Stone-chats have had nests on the coast at foot of Pease burn. No Curlews as yet on the shores. June 19. Lapwings have deserted the moors and now frequent in a flock the turnip-fields. Three Curlews at evening, making from the coast to the upland moors. July 10. Lapwings stillamong turnips. Cvrlews in large numbers at the sea-coast; a small party of Redshanks also, but no Herons or Cormorants. Black-headed Gulls began to arrive. Arrwal, Departure, &c., of Birds, by Mr. Jas. Hardy. 281 July 15. Three Herons on the coast. July 24. First Cormorant at the ‘‘Scart Rock,” near Siccar. Curlews are scattered and few along the shores. Young Raven appeared at Siccar. Aug. 4. Four Herons atthe coast; three young Ravens at Siccar, supposed to have come from the vicinity of St. Abb’s Head. Aug. 5, Nine Herons and five Cormorants arrived. Few Curlews. Some young Wheat-ears. Many Black-headed Gulls. Sept. 2. Cormorants augmented to twelve. No summer birds heard or seen in the Pease dean: one Whitethroat was alone visible ; and again on the 3rd, but not subsequently. Sept. 10. Lapwings associated with Starlings on the leas. Oct. 9. Swallows left. Oct. 12. Fieldfares returned. Oct. 15. Large numbers of Thrushes among whins on the borders of the dean. All the Stone-chats had left the coast before this. Oct. 16. Large flock, about one hundred, of Mallards arrived on the sea-coast, where they remained, gradually diminish- ing in numbers during the winter. At night they betook themselves to inland ponds, and perhaps the fields. Their favourite winter resort is exactly opposite this. Twenty-three Cormorants at Siccar. I noticed that these assemblages be- token bad weather; next day it rained. Oct. 19. One Grey-backed Crow arrived; many Jackdaws as- sembled to try the qualities of the new-comer, and a Carrion Crow alco tried to force its friendship on it. Itremained afew days. The Grey-backed Crows are less numerous hereabouts now than formerly. Oct. 21. Lapwings in numbers on the lower fields. A few Herons dispersed along the shores. Last Pied Wagtail seen. Oct. 23. The last Bombus lapidarius seen. ‘Three Woodcocks on Aikieside hill, just arrived. Oct. 26. Sixteen Cormorants at Siccar. Nov. 3. First Snow-bunting arrived. Nov. 8. Sea calm. Twenty-six or twenty-seven Cormorants on one rock at Siccar, Wild Ducks very numerous. Flock of ae on newly-sown wheat field beside the sea- anks. Noy. 9. High wind, with showers of hail; only four Cormorants remained ; a cold, stormy week followed. Three Kider Ducks, two males and one female, off Siccar. Nov. 14. Large flock of Fieldfares. No Cormorants. Curlews scarce on the shore this autumn, mostly frequenting turnip fields on the low lands, Nov. 21. About thirty Wild Geese passed for the first time. Great flocks of Wood-pigeons began to arrive in the woods at Penmanshiel three days ago. Lapwings among turnip fields by moonlight. 282 Arriwal, Departure, &c., of Birds, by Mr. Jas. Hardy. Nov. 22. The flocks of Wood-pigeons began to arrive in the Pease dean. They betook themselves to the clover fields during the day. Noy. 23. Eight Hider Ducks at Siccar; sexes equal, A savage fight between two males, sousing each other, and plashing up the water. Great flocksof Larks. Lapwings heard at evening. Nov. 27. The flocks of Wood-pigeons reached this; frequenting the clover fields. They were equally numerous on the 28th, till some of the gamekeepers began firing among them, when they left. Dee. 1. Starlings in numerous bands on the leas among sheep; and other companies were noted elsewhere. ‘They were never seen hereabouts before in such assemblages. Dec. 2. Fieldfares and Snow-buntings in flock. Wild Ducks become less numerous on the coast after this date. A single Golden Plover heard at evening. Dec. 6. A Grey Wagtail seen near Pease Bridge. Immense flocks of Starlings in pasture fields. Dec. 11. The great snow-storm had begun, |but there was less snow here than most of places. Redshanks came up from the sea to open springs and pools, and a Snipe or two frequented them till the snow left. Dec. 12. Razor-bill (Alca Torda) driven ashore; and I heard of a Guillemot (Uria Toile) about the same time, proving that they are still off the coast. No Mallards at sea. Dec, 14. Twelve Lapwings at turnip field. Fieldfares scattered over fields; no Cormorants. Dec. 15. Woodcock at open pools and streams along the coast. Plover heard in sea-side fields. A pair of Stone-chats among the sheep in fold, on the moor at Penmanshiel. Dec. 17. More snow. Great flocks of Larks. Fieldfare fre- quents the sheep-fold. Dec. 18. Kittiwake driven ashore, a two-year’s-old bird in winter dress. Plovers on sea-side fields. ' Dec. 19. About thirty Malliards, three Herons, and three Cor- morants at sea. Many Fieldfures, Redwings, and Missel Thrushes continued for several days after this to frequent the sea-banks at Siccar, where these were exposed to the melting influence of the sun’s forenoon rays; working with all their might in digging at the softened clay, and in turning up old sheep dung, to procure insect food. One male Stone-chat at- tended them, as well as several Sea-pipets. The Pigeons of the sea-caverns betook themselves in a body to the stackyards, — and attacked the stack sides. Dec, 21. Kittiwake seen passing on the sea-banks, Dec. 22 A detachment of Starlings resorted to the stackyard and soon made themselves at home, feeding among the domestic Arriwal, Departure, &c., of Birds, by Mr. Jas. Hardy. 283 fowl, and passing into the cattle sheds. They continued their visits daily till the black ground re-appeared. Lapwings scat- tered themselves among the open runnels, or passed down to the sea-shore. The Golden Plovers also betook themselves to search for food among the tide-covered rocks. Dec. 23, Kestrel Hawk seen. Large flocks of Larks mingled with Snow-buntings on melted patches of clover-lea near the sea-coast. Both Larks and Snow-buntings frequented the stackyard till the end of the month. Mountain Finches were frequently heard, and there were several at corn-stacks. Dec. 25. A piece of new ground on a bank was turned up within these few days, and brought together nearly all the Thrush kind, except Blackbirds, for worms and insects. They almost followed the men’s progress in that and some other levelling operations. The Missel Thrushes were very quarrelsome, and attacked not only each other but also the Fieldfares ; and the Fieldfares flew at each other. Song Thrushes mixed through among the others, and there were a few Redwings, which are very shy birds. There were also a few Moor-pipets, and three Stone-chats (two females and one male) at the feast; several Robins, a Mountain Finch, and a number of Chaffinches, as well as some Rooks. A Bullfinch was noticed, but I did not observe it. Dec. 28. Starlings fewer, as well as the thrush kind. Some may have shifted place, but several died of hunger and cold; and of such I noted afterwards among the fallen, although they were not numerous, Missel Thrushes, Song Thrushes, Fieldfares, Golden Plovers, and Lapwings. Three or four Gold-crests frequented the furze bushes for food; and the Blue and Cole Tit were active there also. The Blackbird appeared to find food there without shifting place. Dec. 31. Mountain Finches sore distressed. Fieldfares few. Redwings have disappeared, the sea-banks having become iced over. Only four Wild Ducks at sea, and no Cormorants. A small flock of Wild Geese in the morning. Notices of Arrwal of Birds, &c., ae Weoriod Hall. By R. G. Bouam. 1873. 1874. Sand Martins ........ Aqprl Vit... oye 3 April 15th, CeCkae: fy, Hfs)e.cjo ast. crat bay StBe oe sk ed str 2oth. Wheat Ear......... Bee SPL he Conte rate day ethe aTtd: PINCTS | sie es ss SiayMeML? WARNE REA irs laid Gs iy eons Pceseei byte ett oi.2 i feveildu- Ti) Wy aid sis tes ish 2oth. GormeCrake heard « seus oc ue BER Lov loleres « leh cous Hawthorn in blossom "May SEEN ao sahg 27th.t * The Sand Martins appeared 17th April, 1873, but cold premnee coming, they left again and did not reappear for some time afterwards. ¢ This is the earliest day I ever remember to have seen and puee haw- thorn in bloom in this district. Ha 8 284 Zoological Notes. By JoHN FERGUSON. MOTHS. Notoponta pict#A. Swallow prominent. Reared from chrysalis got in Easter bogs, Dunse.—D. and T. Stevenson. CIRRHEDIA XERAMPELINA. Centre-barred Sallow. Whiteadder near Cockburn Law.—Z. Stevenson. PLUSIA INTERROGATIONIS. Scarce Silver. Greenlaw Moor.—A Cunningham. CYMATOPHORA DUPLARIS. Lesser Satin. Whitelaw, near Cock- burnlaw.— 4. Cunningham. ScoDIONA BELGIARIA. Gray Scolloped Bar. Greenlaw Moor.— D. Paterson. BUTTERFLIES. CawonymeHa Davus. Marsh Ringlet. Greenlaw Moor.—4. Cunningham. Lycmya ARTAXERXES. Scotch Brown Argus. Cockburn Law.— A. Cunningham. ; BIRDS. Fatco susputeo. Hobby. Two specimens of this Falcon have been shot in this neighbourhood during 1874. One was got at Kimmerghame, but I have not ascertained where the other was shot. REGULUS IeNIcAPILLUS, Fire-crested Wren. Some summers ago I saw a specimen of this pretty little bird in a fir wood near Gavinton. It was in company with several Gold-crested Wrens, but could be readily distinguished from them by its bright flame-coloured crest. I have often looked for it since in the same locality, but have never met with it again. In habits and general appearance it bears a great resemblance to the commoner species. ' BomBYcILLA GARRULA. Bohemian Waxwing. One specimen was seen and shot on Dunse Castle estate in the winter of 1873. Livota trvaria. Lesser Redpole. A number of these birds were seen in the low grounds near Allanton during the late severe storm, which appeared to have driven them from their usual haunts in search of food. One was caught by my cat in a plantation behind the village. It was in vlump condition, and as it was a good specimen I got it stuffed. As in former years, several Goosanders and Water Rails have been captured in reedy ditches and pools in the Merse, and on the moors stretching between Greenlaw and West- ruther. I have also been told that two specimens of the Greater Butcher Bird, or Shrike (Lanius excubitor), were seen near Dunse during the recent storm. 285 Zoological Notes, 1874. By ANDREW BROTHERSTON, Kelso. Woopcock (Scolopax rusticola), Pen. -- One got near Kelso on April 4th, 1874. From the lateness of the season, it is not unlikely that it might have bred in the district. In the beginning of March, 1875, I had an example from Duns- dale, Cheviot. OnE REASON WHY THE KINGFISHER IS NOT MORE CoMMON. —One of the chief causes of the comparative scarcity of the Kingfisher, is, I believe, occasioned by a sudden rise of the rivers during the breeding season. In the beginning of April, 1874, the Tweed rose to nine feet during the night. Now, most (indeed, all that I have seen) of their nests are placed nearer the level of the water than that ; and as it is an early breeder (I knew an instance in which the eggs were taken the second time from the same pair of birds, on the 10th of April), many of them would in all probability be drowned ; more especially as the hole in which the nest (?) 1s placed slopes upwards, so that the entrance might be closed by the rising water some time ere it could reach the bird. For some years prior to 1874, there had been no great rise of the rivers during the breeding season: consequently, the King- fishers increased greatly, at least, in this district ; but this year so far as my own observation extends, and from what I can learn from others—who are in the way to know—they are much scarcer. A severe winter is frequently blamed for this, but it is not applicable in the present case, as the winter of 1873—4 was unusually mild. A hard winter does not seem to hurt the Kingfisher. I had two at the beginning of the late storm, and one at the end of it (on New Year’s Day) ; the last killed was in as good condition as the others, being equally fat, and had the remains of numerous small fish in its stomach. How THE SwIFT REGAINS POSSESSION OF ITS OLD NEsT. —Owing to the great increase in the numbers of most of our smaller birds during recent years—more particularly Starlings and Sparrows, which nest in holes—the old nests of the Swift are usually occupied when they arrive. Know- ing that they could not remove the Sparrows by force, they frighten them out in the following manner. A number of them fly together in Indian file, circling round and round, uttering their harsh discordant screams every time they pass the entrance to the hole they wish to regain possession 286 Zoological Notes, by Mr. Andrew Brotherston, Kelso. of, until the frightened inmate slips out, when the nest is immediately taken possession of by the Swit. EGYPTIAN Goose (Anser Egyptiacus), Jenyns.—Three of these beautiful birds—a male and two females—were shot out of a flock of seven on Yetholm Loch, May 22nd, 1874. In addition to the two shot, several years since, on the Tweed, at Floors, by his Grace the Duke of Roxburghe, M1. W. Stevenson shot a pair at Carham about 34 years ago. TurRTLE Dove (Columba Turtur), L—The Turtle seems to be extending its northward range, in the breeding season. There was a fine female shot at Clifton Park, Roxburghshire, on the 28th of May, 1874. The most forward ova were larger than a pea, so that in all probability it would have nested in the neighbourhood. A week later (June 3rd), a male was shot at Kilham, Northumberland. As the two places are only a few miles asunder, it is not unlikely to have been the mate of the one shot at Clifton Park. Have they been known tu breed in Scotland? On the 19th of November following, a young male was shot in a stubble field, about a mile from the mouth of the Whiteadder, near Berwick. This is the latest that I have seen any record of —it is nearly a month later than the one that was got near the same place on October 20th, 1872. TEAL (Anas crecca), Pen—I found a nest with four eggs on Primside bog, on June 9th, 1874. The nest was thickly lined with down. It was placed on a dry, slightly elevated spot, and quite open, although there was plenty of shelter near. Unlike the common Wild Duck when disturbed from the nest, she did not pretend lameness, but flew right off. The eggs were of a uniform creamy-white colour, without spots. Fleming says “reddish white with brown spots.” BuLAack WATER VOLE (Arvicola ater)—Macg., “Trans. Wern. Soe.,” vi., p. 424. “Var. Possibly a distinct species.” —Pell’s “ Brit. Quad.”—Mr. Hugh Paterson caught an adult female in a mole-trap, on Sharpitlaw Anna, in August last. The chief difference that I could observe between this and the common Water Vole, besides the colour, which was a deep black, rather lighter below, was its smaller size ; length of head and body, 6? inches; tail, 3 inches. According to Macgillivray it is common in the counties of Banff and Aberdeen ; and Jenyns states that “the black variety is not uncommon in the fens of Cambridgeshire, and differs in no respect from the other but in colour;” while Macgillivray Zoological Notes, by Mr. Andrew Brotherston, Kelso. 287 “believes that there exist sufficient differences in the organ- isation and colour of the two to constitute them distinct species.” Mr. Bell does not appear to have seen fresh speci- mens, only a stuffed one belonging to Mr. Yarrell. ‘Since writing this notice; I have seen Mr. Cockburn, Westwood Cottage, which is close on Sharpitlaw Anna, and learned from him that he had frequently seen Black Water Rats about the dam and the Anna. The first time he observed one was upwards of twenty years ago, when there was one caught in a mole-trap in Hendersyde Park garden, which is four or five hundred yards from the river. He had noticed the inferior size of the black variety to the common. WHIMBREL (Numenius pheopus), Pen.—A fine male specimen of this miniature Curlew was shot in the neigh- bourhood of Lambden, near Greenlaw, in the beginning of September. This is a rare bird with us, but it appears to be not uncommon in some parts of the country. BuzzarD (Buteo vulgaris), Flem—Some of the larger birds of prey are still occasionaliy to be met with in this country. But, excepting the Peregrine, I am not aware of any of them having bred recently in this district ; so that we may only consider them as stragglers with us. About the middle of September, 1874, I saw a large bird alight on a tree in a plantation near Proctor’s Smithy, about two miles south-east from Kelso. Wishing to ascertain which of our large hawks it was, I went to see, and got under the tree upon which it was perched before it rose; when I had no doubt of its being the common Buzzard. I could see the bars and markings of the wings and tail against the clear . sky, as distinctly as if held in the hand. It is a striking bird when seen on the wing, especially as I saw this one. When it rose from the tree, it soared spirally upwards, scarcely moving its wings until nearly out of sight. A short time after I left the place I saw it descend and land near where it arose from. About an hour afterwards I saw another sailing, about three feet from the ground, along the outskirts of a narrow plantation, near Spylaw. Asit passed within 30 yards, I saw that it was of the same species, but a larger and darker-coloured bird. They remained in the neighbourhood for several weeks, having been seen by various people, at different places—It seems to me that game-preservers, generally (there are now, I believe, some few exceptions), “sit in their own light” in their wholesale 288 Zoological Notes, by Mr. Andrew Brotherston, Kelso. destruction of the rapacious birds. Besides the noxious vermin they destroy, it is believed by most of those who have paid attention to the subject, that a certain proportion of birds of prey is absolutely necessary to keep game in a healthy condition. No doubt some of them kill game at times, but it is the weakly and unhealthy birds, the stronger and more vigilant escaping; hence their offspring has a better chance to be strong and healthy, than if the weakly birds were allowed to live. RicHARDSON’S SkuA (Lestris Richardsonii), Jenyns.—A mature male was shot by Mr. Cotesworth, November 12th, 1874, on the farm of Whitefield, near Cowdenknowes ; a long way inland for this rapacious sea-bird to be found. There was only one bird seen. PARASITIC WoRMS IN LEG OF GREBE—When skinning a Little Grebe (Podiceps minor, Pen.), on November 25th, 1874, I came upon a cluster of Nematoid Worms amongst the muscles and tendons of both legs—exactly in the same place in each—near the lower part of the tibia. From their larger size they appeared to have been longer in the left leg than in the right. They were rather hard and _ stiff—not soft and flabby—of a regular spiral form, of about six turns, tapering to each end, the largest about three-quarters of an inch in length—not following the turns of the spiral ; if straight they would be about an inch long. They seemed unable to straighten themselves; when found they were twined together like the strands of a rope, and I observed that one after being separated from the others bent slowly round until it was twisted on itself. The bird vas very much emaciated, and no wonder, as in addition to the worms in the legs, it had a large fibrous tumour in the back. BirTeRN (Botaurus stellaris), Selby—On the 10th of December, 1874, an adult male of this fine bird was shot on the farm of Northfield, near Lowick, Northumberland, by Mr. J. Waters. It was in extreme length (bill to feet), 3 feet 34 inches ; from bill to tail, 2 feet 5 inches; expanse of wings, 3 feet 10 inches. It had the remains of several Field Voles (Arvicola agrestis, Flem.) in the stomach. During the winter of 1874-5, there have been numerous specimens of this bird got in England, but I have not heard of any having been obtained north of the Border. “The back claw,” says Willoughby, “which is remarkably thick and long above the rest, is wont to be set in silver for a pick- Zoological Notes, by Mr. Andrew Brotherston, Kelso. 289 tooth, and is thought to have a singular property of preserv- ing the teeth.” “ Moontg.”—I have no doubt that “the Moonie, a small bird which I could not identify,’ mentioned in “ Our Visit to Holy Island in 1854,” by Dr. Johnston (“ Proc.,” 1873, p. 43), is the Goldcrest (Regulus cristatus, Flem.) As long back as I can remember, the “Moon” has been the local name for the Goldcrest, and still is amongst schoolboys in this district (Kelso and Ednam). Another local name men- tioned by Dr. Johnston, which shows a common origin, 1s that of the Sand Martin ; at Holy Island it is “ Butterie,” here it is “ Bitterie” and “ Bitterbank.” GoLpDFINCcH.—Mr. James Jack, at East Mains, Lauder, in December, 1874, saw eighteen of these now rare birds in our . district, in one flock ; and at various times during the winter small flocks of three, four, and five ; and towards the end of February, 1875, he saw thirteen at one time. I only know of one pair in this neighbourhood for several years past; they were seen on Tweedside, below Rosebank toll, feeding on the seeds of Centaurea nigra. Miscellanea ; Extracts from Correspondence, &c. By JAMES Harpy. FINDING, among my correspondence, some particulars cal- culated to promote the objects of the Club, I place them at its service under this heading. I received them in conse- quence of some inquiries about local Natural History, and the writers intended that I should make use of them. I shall be glad to have similar notices from any of the Club’s mem- bers, who may not be disposed to write elaborate papers, but may have some observations which they wish to be preserved. To the offerings of my old friends, only one of whom now remains, I subjoin a few other incidents of the past season. 290 Miscellanea, Correspondence, &c., by Mr. Jas. Hardy. I. ZOOLOGICAL. Foon, &c., oF THE HEepGEHoc.—The late Mr. Henderson, surgeon, Chirnside, sent the following notes, Feb. 2, 1856: —“T believe the Hedgehog feeds on egos—the following will go to prove it. About thirty-five years ago, I was travelling late in the evening along a footpath by the side of a hedge. On my way I was attracted by an awful flutter- ing and flapping of wings, as if of some bird in deadly conflict. On proceeding near the spot whence the sounds issued, I was astonished to find a partridge striking its wings and claws with utmost fury against some object at the root of the hedge. Had I been wary enough I could easily have caught the bird; but on touching it, it made its escape, when the object of its hatred became apparent ; for there, in the nest of the poor bird, I laid hold of a large Hedgehog. All the eggs were broken, except one. I carried away the hurcheon from the nest for nearly a mile, and then set it at liberty. I think it could have no other intention there than that of carrying off, or eating, the eggs. The Hedgehog seems to be a very common animal in this neigh- bourhood ; I have seen it in many places. Some years ago I discovered a brood of young ones, with their mother, by the root of a tree covered with withered leaves, at Ninewells —there were four young ones at least, all naked of spines.” Lamp REARED BY A CoLLEY.—Mr. James Telfer, of Saugh- tree, Liddesdale, a poet and prose writer, well known on the Borders, communicated the following circumstance, for which he vouched the truth. The letter is dated 17th Jan., 1853. “A curious thing happened at the herd’s house, Worms- cleugh, in this water-head (four miles from this), in 1835 or 6. The herd, a cousin of mine, had a colley bitch which chanced to have a litter of pups in tbe middle of the lamb- ing time, when her services could be badly wanted. The pups were accordingly drowned, and the poor disconsolate mother was forced to follow her master to the hill.- It hap- pened to be a very bad lambing time—the ewes had almost no milk, and many of the young lambs died of hunger. The herd carried home one day a motherless lamb (as herds are in the habit of doing), and the lamb and the bitch during the nights were co-occupants of the byre. To cut my tale short, the bitch and the lamb drew up, and wonderful to say, the bitch suckled the lamb, and the lamb throve upon such nursing, and like Maillie’s lamb, ‘ lived to be a beast.’ ” Miscellanea, Correspondence, &c., by Mr. Jas. Hardy. 291 TRADITION OF THE ORIGIN OF THE CHEVIOT SHEEP.—Mr. William Oliver, formerly of Langraw, near Hawick, gave me this curious notice, 22nd March, 1856. “Do you chance to know anything about the origin of Cheviot Sheep on the Borders? I imagine that the breed was anything but homogeneous at one time. It differed considerably in dif- ferent parts of the Borders too, as indeed it does yet. I have heard it said by old people here, that the Cheviot Sheep dated its origin from ‘the thirteen drifty days.” I have forgotten when that was, but the stock in this part of the Borders was all but totally destroyed, and so difficult was it to procure sheep that people were glad to take any sort that came to hand; and from this mixed breed came the so called Cheviot Sheep. I recollect well enough since the sheep on the Borders here had a decided cast of the Southdown in them ; and a large proportion of them had orey faces.”—The “ thirteen drifty days” happened in 1660, and were, one would think, almost out of memory. The breed Mr. Oliver himself saw, may have originated after the ereat storm of 1794, long known as “the Gonial Blast,” that destroyed entire flocks in the south of Scotland. Stoat ATTACKING Man.—During the summer I had some conversation with an intelligent youngster about such animals as he knew. He said there were two Weasels ; one the little “ Grass Weasel,” which does harm to no one, and the other the “ Stout,” of which he has considerable appre- hensions, from a circumstance that happened to him when he was a herd-boy at some place in Berwickshire. His mother was accustomed to carry out his breakfast, and then leave him to eat it at his leisure. One morning when thus engaged, he heard a curious chirping near him, and looking up, he espied a large Stoat.standing upright not far off, and staring at him with its wild eyes, and apparently deter- mined to act on the aggressive. He then heard the chirping rising on all sides of him, as if he was going to be sur- rounded, and springing up, darted away, with the family of Stoats (for such they were) in pursuit of him, but he was too nimble for them, and effected his retreat. J have heard of several other instances of assemblages of Stoats attacking man. NuMBER OF YounG Rats PRODUCED AT A BIRTH.—Re- cently a writer in “The Builder,” treating of the produc- tiveness of the Brown Rat, made the assertion that a doe-rat 7 IL 292 Miscellanea, Correspondence, dc., by Mr. Jas. Hardy. brought forth “ from twelve to twenty-three at a litter,” and performed this productive feat from six to eight times a year. In a letter to “The Times,” Mr. James Nicholson has shewn that this is egregiously overstated, and that it is rare that more than nine is the produce at a birth. He writes me, that he has since learned that his opinion is shared by a mole-catcher of great experience, who told him . that nine rats is about the maximum number in a nest. “ He further stated, which, if true, is rather curious, that rats as well as moles always produce an odd number of young at a birth. The old saying, ‘There’s luck in odd numbers, would appear to hold good with this prosperous branch of the family of Rodents.” On Birps AT MOSSBURNFORD, NEAR JEDBURGH, &c.—I had some correspondence on this subject with my late friend, Mr. Archibald Jerdon, in January and June, 1856, which, as we have not had a report on the birds of Rox- burghshire, is worthy of extract. Except notices of arrivals of migrants, this is almost the only allusion to ornithology that I have found among his numerous letters addressed to me. “I quite agree with you,” he says, “that the ‘ Rose Lintie’ is the male of Fringilla cannabina. F. Linaria (Lesser Redpole) is by no means a common bird, and quite unlikely to attract the notice of our rustics. I have seen it ence or twice in early spring, but it is a rare visitant, and does not breed with us. I believe it breeds in the county of Durham, as I have seen it there in summer. Do you know the Siskin? I have seen one or two small flocks this winter (1855-6), feeding on the seeds of Alder. Itis a very pretty and interesting little bird, and resemblesthe Redpole in many respects. Sylvia hortensis and S. sibilatria are common in this neighbourhood. Parus palustris is not uncommon; and Loxia curvirostra has more than once occurred to me—Motacilla flava only once. The Stonechat is a rare bird here, and I only know one locality which it frequents. The Redstart and the Grey Flycatcher (Musci- capa grisola) are tolerably abundant here; but being both shy and retiring birds, are apt to escape notice. They both breed in the Red Sandstone seaurs which overhang the Jed in various parts of its course; at least the Flycatcher does, and I often see the Redstart in the same localities. We are very deficient in birds of prey. The Sparrow-hawk, Kestrel, and Merlin (at times) complete our list. The Coot is found Miscellanea, Correspondence, &c., by Mr. Jas. Hardy. 298 on some ponds as at Nisbet, near Mount-Teviot (Lord Lothian’s). The Teal is not a very uncommon bird here. The Cuckoo occurs principally in the upland districts, and on the borders of moors.” To this I may add that Mr. Boyd informs me that the Golden Eye Duck frequents in winter the Teviot opposite Ormiston ; and that the Little Grebe is not a rare bird either in the Teviot or the pond near Nisbet. There is also a small Heronry at Ormiston among some tall firs, at a little distance from the house. The Blackcap Warbler and the Grey Flycatcher make the grounds and garden their favourite resort. Mr. Jerdon continues his observations in a letter of the same year, dated August 13th. “From examinations that I made at one time of the intes- tines of Blackbirds and Thrushes, I came to the conclusion that all seeds, save the harder ones, such as the stones of haws, &c., were comminuted in their passage through them. But occasional seeds may escape the action of the gizzard.” On the disputed question of the origin of the immense flocks of Wood Pigeons that periodically visit the lowlands, he sends me the following query and his own solution. “Do you think there is any accession to the number of our Ring- doves in winter? A gentleman in this neighbourhood, who is an extensive farmer, stated to me the other day his de- cided opinion that there is an immigration of these birds from some quarter. I am disposed to think, however, that the junction of the summer and autumn broods of a district, and especially the descending to the lower parts of the country of those bred in the upper or upland parts, is suf- ficient to account for the large flocks we see in winter and early spring.” Not having paid particular attention to the increase of these birds during the winter, I consulted some gamekeepers, and they informed me that the strange birds are richer coloured than those reared in the vicinity, and that their plumage has a purplish lustre. I am not person- ally cognisant of this as a fact; but if it can be demonstrated, we might ascertain the country or district where the Wood Pigeon is characterised by this brighter hue. This note contains the only observations, during a correspondence of many years, that have not appeared in the pages of the Club's “ History.” Mr. Jerdon’s attention thereafter was almost entirely devoted to botany. EAGLE AMONG THE CHEVioTSs.—During the spring of 1874, a grey-backed Hagle made its appearance among the 294 Miscellanea, Correspondence, &c., by Mr. Jas. Hardy. Cheviots, and furnished for a season a fine spectacie for the shepherds. It ranged from Broadstruther heights down to the junction of Harthope and Care burns, and lived upon dead sheep. The shepherds observed that it rose spirally, and then swooped suddenly down. It was last seen in March. They thought it was a Golden Eagle, but I set it down. for an Erne, or White-tailed Eagle. In former times the White-tailed Eagle, or some other species, fre- quented Ruberslaw, for Leyden preserves the shepherds’ recollections of it— ‘¢ Dark Ruberslaw, that lifts his head sublime, Rugged and hoary with the wrecks of time! On his broad misty front the giant wears - The horrid furrows of ten thousand years ; His aged brows are crowned with curling fern, ‘Where perches, grave and lone, the hooded Erne, Majestic bird! by ancient shepherds styled The lonely hermit of the russet wild, That loves amid the stormy blast to soar, When through disjointed cliffs the tempests roar, Climbs on strong wing the storm, and, screaming high, Rides the dim rack, that sweeps the darkened sky.” BuzZARD (Buteo vulgaris)—A bird of this now very un- common hawk, was seen in the end of September or begin- ning of October, moving in its slow leisurely flight along the North British Railway between Pease Bridge and Cock- burnspath. It was only a passing visitant, and occurred about the same time when others visited the vicinity of Kelso. KINGFISHER.—The Rev. Andrew Baird, in the “Statistical Account of Berwickshire; Parish of Cockburnspath and Oldcambus,” p. 299, makes the unfortunate remark that “on the margins of the little streams we frequently see the beautiful Kinegfisher.’* This is true of the Water-ouzel, but we have not the Kingfisher at all as a resident bird ; and the only example I have heard of is one shot in the beginning of January, 1875, in the meadow between Cock- burnspath and Dunglass, which had probably come from * This is not the only mistake in the Zoology of the parish. The author mentions a tradition of a Wolf, whereas the tradition refers to a Wild-boar. He also speaks of the Martin inhabiting the woods near the Pease Bridge; the last animal being the Wild-cat. The mis statements have arisen from not making due enquiry, while the writer was, as yet, a comparative stranger. I make this correction, as I may not have another opportunity. Miscellanea, Correspondence, &c., by Mr. Jas. Hardy. 295 some of the East Lothian streams. On the river Eye it has been observed near Reston, and occasionally as far up as Grant's House; but it is a scarce bird even. on the Whit- adder, where it breeds. GREATER Tir (Parus major )— About Cockburnspath this goes by the name of “the Bee Hater.” It is said to be a ereat enemy, as indeed old apiarian writers instruct us, to the hive-bees, descending suddenly from the tall trees that surround village gardens, and as the bees issue out and in, carrying off its prey without any compunction. MisseL THRUSH.—On May 2, being in the Tower dean, a ' Missel Thrush glanced past me, in furious pursuit of a Jack- daw. The Jackdaw was in terror, and uttered an inward crowy complaint of not being let alone, and wheeled every ’ way to avoid an attack. On the same day, at the Pease Bridge, I saw another Missel make a dart at a passing Jack- daw, and drive it in hot haste through one of the arches of the bridge. Gilbert White has celebrated its dauntless conduct in guarding its nest, regardless of the bulk or weight of its assailant. Looking out of a window, May 17, I observed how it stowed away a very bulky worm, which it had seized on a grass-plot. It first cut it into sections at the one end, with repeated strokes of its bill, and swallowed them: and then finding the remainder manageable, bore it off to its young. It is called “the Red-rumped Thrush,” in North Northumberland; “Scricket” in South Durham; “ Feltyfleer ” and “the Big Mavis,” in Berwickshire. STARLINGS.—Starlings stun worms by a “dab” on the narrow end; crumple them up neatly in folds till they have gathered a mouthful, with which they hasten off in level flight to their nest. They are said also to collect g1ey slugs ; and they pick up small stones to assist digestion. SAND Marrin.—A prolonged fight was witnessed on the river Till, between two Sand Martins, which had fallen out about their respective proprietary rights in a hole adapted for a nest. They did not separate till they both fell into the water, from which they had great difficulty in recovering themselves (May, 1874). DEPARTURE OF SWALLOWS AND Martins. — Chimney Swallows were present at Coldstream, September 23rd. They had left Hauxley before September 17th. Martins were at Millfield, September 25th, and at Wooler, Septem- ber 26th, which was their last day there. That evening a 296 Miscellanea, Correspondence, &c., by Mr. Jas. Hardy large assemblage of swallows, my informant could not testify to the species, was seen over that town, flying high in the air, and wheeling round and twittering, preparatory to leaving, and apparently congratulating each other with the success of their visit, and overjoyed once more to be recalled to their mysterious winter home. At Oldcambus they did not depart till October 6th, but it was probably a party of late nestlings, whose retreat had been delayed. WHITETHROAT.—The Whitethroat is popularly known as the “Whushie-whey-beard” and “Jenny Cut-throat.” When irritated or disturbed, the ruffled feathers about its throat make it appear goitred, or as if it had once attempted a felo de se. When it arrives early in May, it diverts itself for a time before fixing on a nesting place. You see one dancing a jig in the air at one end of an open glen, two or three in the middle of it, and where you make exit from the thoroughfare another is practising its restless song and irrepressible antics. When you approach its chosen bush in a hedge, how rapidly it winds itself downwards through the interlacing intricacy of twigs and branches to the bot- tom, at the point furthest from the spectator ; slips out in a low flight up the side of the hedge, and when it is sufficiently far beyond his reach, whips over the hedge and hides its- self, soon again to renew its pranks on its new practice ground! It is of bad repute, being accused of sucking the egos of other small birds; but it is to be hoped that this is fabulous. It is a pert, prying little creature. SPARROW.—On a former, occasion, I recorded an instance of a Sparrow, for some unknown purpose, carrying away the green leaf of a cherry-tree to its young. On May 21st, I took notice of one several times bearing in its bill the petals of hawthorn blossom to its nest in the eaves. Some of them having dropped, were found to be such without doubt. GoLpFINcH.—A flock of this now rarely seen bird has been notified to me as having visited the neighbourhood of Cockburn Law, near the end of November. I saw, several years since, a few Goldfinches on a road-side here, picking thistle-seeds ; and about 1835, I witnessed another family party, during snowy weather, surrounding some scattered thistles in a field at Penmanshiel. When my father was a boy, about 1793-4, he says great numbers frequented the top of the sea-banks at Oldcambus, where they fed on the Miscellanea, Correspondence, &c., by Mr. Jas. Hardy. 297 seeds of the burdock, that weed being very abundant then. It still shews itself, but it is not allowed to seed if we can prevent it. Some birds, perhaps Grey Linnets, appear still to be very fond of the seeds, as the withered burrs are often torn in pieces. Snow Buntinc.—Whena boy I was well acquainted with the fields “ where the snow-flake reposes.” The birds allowed of such a near approach that they could almost be “clapped”; but if this was foolishly attempted, there was a sudden rise into a high wild flight, as if they had been accustomed to dash down the steeps of elevated mountains into any amount of wide empty space ; and they never alighted except afar off, where, if followed, they exhibited the same signs of apparent familiarity, but of actual untamedness. Its loose - way of flocking, and straggling manner of flying is that of a bunting, and not the straightforward, compact combina- tion of an assemblage of finches. At their arrival and departure numbers resort to the fields bordering the sea. At the latter stage the male plumage gets very mealy in its hues. They are most rapid runners, and appear to be ac- eustomed to crouch and hide among rough ground and rocks. One day I observed one resting on the cope of a stone wall, but when it became conscious that it was attended to, it ran here and there among the top stones like a mouse, and then dropped down on the side that I could not reach. It then hastened crouching along the wall-side, and perceiving that I followed, it stood up on its legs like a lark, and uttering its peculiar “treet,” “treet,” disappeared ; and that is all you get to know about this “wild bird of the wandering wing.” Foop oF THE Woop PicEon.—In some parts of East Lothian, where the soil is subject to the growth of wild oats, Wood Pigeons are very fond of its fallen seeds, and some- times cram their crops to that degree, that, owing to the seeds swelling when moistened, they burst ; and thus some of the birds fall victims to their extreme voracity. GREEN SANDPIPER (Totanus ochropus)—September 19th, T roused a bird, which from its plumage, so far as I could judge, was this migrant, at the side of the pond at upper Humbleton, near the base of the “Heugh.” It was dusky coloured, with the rump or base of the tail, and also the belly white ; about the bulk of a Blackbird, and with a call- note allied to that of the Golden Plover. 298 Miscellanea, Correspondence, &c., by Mr. Jas. Hardy. EarRLy Woopcock.—Mr. Dand told me that about the 17th or 18th of September, he was surprised to flush a Woodcock near Hauxley. It was supposed to have come with a recent easterly wind. RICHARDSON’S SQuA GULL (Lestris Richardsonii).—On the 29th of October, Mr. Andrew Wilson obtained a pair of Richardson’s Squa Gull, from a Coldingham fisherman, which had been captured twenty miles off St. Abb’s Head. In the fishermen’s experience they are rare. THE ARTAXERXES BUTTERFLY (Lycena Artaxerxes)—A letter in “ The Scotsman,” during the summer, created some alarm in the entomological world, as if because this butter- fly was recklessly hunted on Arthur’s Seat, the whole of Scotland would thereby suffer bereavement. In my experi- ence this, although a local, is a common butterfly on the Borders, and may allow of any amount of capture without being perceptibly diminished ; and appears to be present wherever the Helianthemum vulgare (Dwarf Cistus) flour- ishes. Especially is it common about Penmanshiel, along the post-road side from Grant’s House to the Tunnel, and in the open glades in the unplanted parts of the adjacent woods. It again frequents the sunny slopes in Howpark dean, and equally those on the many windings of Dowlaw dean. On a limited portion of Oldcambus dean, it is more or less to be expected annually. It may be sought for among the many inequalities of rising ground to the east of EKarnshaugh ; again on the sea-banks and hollow deans near Hallydown; and always successfully on Alewater braes. Moreover it frequents the south bank of the Whitadder from Hoardweill up to Retreat ; and doubtless enjoys many other secure breeding places not liable to be disturbed. On the 6th July, I was pleased to come upon one of its colonies, while at Crailing dean, in Roxburghshire, in company with Mr. W. B. Boyd. The Rev. T.C. Anderson had accompanied us, and a subject of conversation was the erroneous impres- sions entertained of its rarity, and having observed the food plant of the caterpillar on the banks, I felt assured that the butterfly would not be far off. Mr. Anderson had to leave, but shortly after one was captured, and enough to satisfy any one might have been had if we had wanted them. Miscellanea, Correspondence, &c., by Mr. Jas. Hardy. 299 II.—BOTANICAL. INTRODUCTION OF POTATOES AND TURNIPS INTO HOBKIRK PaRIsH, ROXBURGHSHIRE.—Mr. Oliver wrote me on this subject, March 15, 1856, and his remarks have lost nothing by not earlier seeing the light. “There are few notabilia here, about the introduction of Potatoes or Turnips. I could as- certain the date, nearly, of the introduction of Potatoes into this neighbourhood. My father used to relate an anecdote connected with their first cultivation by a Mr. Chisholm, of Hobsburn (now Green-river) in this parish (Hobkirk). Mr. Chisholm had planted some in his garden, and a lad at a farm place not far distant hearing much said about them, and supposing they must be something good, set off at night and stole a few. He used to relate afterwards that on trying to eat them raw, as he did, he found them to be poor stuff ; but thinking that they ought to be good, he persisted in eating some. The name of this man was Robert Renwick, and as it happens his name is the first on the Parish Register here. Mr. Chisholm also introduced the Turnip into this neigh- bourhood.” POTAMOGETON FILIFORMIS.—In 1870, a pond in Oldcambus dean was cleaned out, in which nothing grew except Gly- ceria fluitans and Callitriche verna. This had never been attempted before, and, as showing its age, several horse-shoes of the old small breed of Border horses were dug out. After the mud was removed, the bottom was full of stones, either diluvial, or derived from adjacent glitter debris. The water is derived from a drain issuing from springs. This season patches of Potamogeton natans, unknown there before, began to show on the surface; and towards autumn some lurid masses of a peculiar water weed were observed round the shores, which were determined to be P.filiformis. The only other Berwickshire locality for it (and it is arare plant elsewhere in Scotland) is Coldingham Loch, and there it grows among stones and gravel in a much less pure quality of water. Can the laying bare of the stony bottom have conduced to its growth? The pond is frequented by ducks, water-hens, and occasionally by the coot, which may have brought the seeds of both these pond weeds. They could scarcely have remained so long undamaged in the mud at the bottom ; nor have they arisen from one seed only, as they are dispersed: perhaps the broken shoots produce radicles. Seed was rare in filiformis. Hooker, “ British Flora,” 1837, classes it with P. pectunatus as eae: M 300 =©Miscellanea, Correspondence, &c., by Mr. Jas. Hardy. HyoscyaMus NIGER.—In the Lanton locality, the Rev. P G. McDouall informs me that in cutting a new piece of road to facilitate crossing the river Glen, at what was an old mill, Henbane grew up in quantity, and still continues. It is supposed to have sprung up on the site of an old midden. It is so isolated here, that one may suppose that it has once been sown as a rustic medicine. In few places have I seen such a display of the common Mallow as here, flourish- ing on both sides of the way, where once stood, now much curtailed, the long straggling village of Lang-town, or Lan- ton. Lanton Tower is a mere fragment of wall perched on a hillock behind the farm house. CHELIDONIUM MAJUS.—Hedge-side at the east entrance to Kirknewton ; probably an outcast. The plant in the Wooler locality is a double garden variety. I did not see whether this was or not. NASTURTIUM TERRESTRE—Pond side at Fowberry Mains. THLAPSI ARVENSE.—Wall-top near Wooler-haugh-head. CALAMINTHA AcINOS.—In a grass field near Oxendean, Dunse (Aug. 5). On the same occasion I gathered C. Clino- podiwm in the wood overhanging Cockburn Mill; and saw Campanula latifolia plentifully near Burnhouses. GLYCERIA PROCUMBENS.—Roadside between Holy Island town and the Castle. It has been recorded for the Farne Islands. GERANIUM PUSILLUM. —Side of a wall ; same locality. CAREX MURICATA.—In fine order in the Fern dean near Paxton House. ORCHIS INCARNATA.—In several damp places in the west end of Holy Island. LisTERA OVATA.—Banks of the Tweed in Floors Castle woods, near the walk. TULIPA SYLVESTRIS.—Plentiful at Longnewton, in what has been an old orchard. It was pointed out by Mr. Scott- Dudgeon. “ KATE’S Hatr.”—This is supposed to be Alectoria jubata. In Vol. vi., p. 370, I stated from recollection that “ Kate’s Kist,” on which this production grows, is situated on Hedge- hope. I find from an inquiry that I had made, that it is a sandstone rock, and is part of the range of hills near Pondi- cherry on the Coquet. 301 On some of the Birds of Lauderdale. By ANDREW KELLY. HALIAETUS ALBICILLA—During the present autumn, a White-tailed Kagle was observed resting on the top of Hunt Law, one of the highest peaks of the Lammermoor range, after it had breakfasted on some carrion at the foot of the hill. It was watched, but did not return to the bait. FALCO PEREGRINUS.—A bout three or four miles up Long- croft water, there is a great scaur, into which projects a lofty precipice capped with juniper bushes, whereon the Peregrine maintained its eyrie uninterrupted till last year, when it was relinquished ; but not, I believe, until it had been harried once or twice. Even yet, although they may have changed their eyrie, they still prey over the whole of this district for red grouse, of which they are very fond; and, I have even heard it said, they feed their young on nothing else. Fatco AisALon.—The Merlin is by no means rare in Lauderdale and its neighbouring hills. Mr. Scott tells me he will shoot on an average two or three birds every year. They nest generally in the rocky scaurs, but I see where there are trees, they prefer them ; and Mr. Scott thinks they would always build on trees if they could find them con- veniently—and few can have had greater experience of this beautiful little Falcon. FALCO TINNUNCULUS.—The gin and the gun have all but swept the Kestrel from our district; but, indeed, all the hawks have experienced the same heartless cruelty. BUTEO VULGARIS.—-Six or seven specimens of the Buzzard have been obtained here, in about the same number of years. Mr. Walter Simson, while dissecting one of these birds, found an adult mole, which it must have swallowed at one gulp, as the skin of it was not even broken. BUTEO LAGOPUS.—Twenty years ago, Mr. Simson, Lauder, added the Rough-legged Buzzard to his collection. It was caught, he tells me, by the shepherd of Huntington, who, one day, whilst engaged in looking over the fields, came suddenly upon it eating a rabbit. At his approach, the Buzzard moved off slowly, and, as he thought, reluctantly, from his half-finished meal, to the neighbouring wood. This hesitation encouraged him to set a trap and wait the result, which he had not long to do, for in a trice he was back and 302 Mr. A. Kelly on some of the Birds of Lauderdale. was secured. The Buzzard was blamed for killing a hare in the same field, which was quite warm and appeared as if it had been the victim of ahawk. Ten years later, and another Rough-legged Buzzard was caught in a similar way, by one of the rabbit-catchers, who had it conveyed to the Lugey, where it was thoroughly examined by Mr. Scott and Dr. Riddell, Lauder, and declared by them to be that bird. What was rather awkward, the Buzzard, for proper security, was chained by the foot in the garden for the night, but in the morning he was flown, chain and all, and never after- wards found. CIRCUS CYANEUS.—The Common Harrier was once very numerous in the subalpine ranges of the Lammermoors. Twenty or twenty-five years ago, and for half-a-dozen years later, it was thought nothing wonderful to see three or four of them skimming the sombre heath, and making everything liftable on it their prey. Their nests were commonly built with heather-birns—great broad things, three or four feet round—either in heather bushes or scaurs. Sir William Jardine remarks of their young, “they are well supported with food, we believe by both parents.” This appears to be groundless, as the male bird, unassisted, supplies his own table ; and well he seems to accomplish it, as the heads and bones strewed round the eyrie and the adjacent ground testify. His method of doing it is rather singular. As soon as he has taken a prey, he makes off to his eyrie, rising higher and higher till he gets right over it; when he peers suspiciously all round to see if the coast is clear. Having satisfied himself that there is no lurking enemy, he reports himself to his mate by giving a sound something like “tchee,” “tchee”; she answers, and leaps into the air to catch the food which he has dropped, and whisks it off to her young. He, on the other hand, hurries on without alighting to a fresh foray. This will be repeated on an average once every hour by the male bird, so readily dis- tinguished by his plumage. Otus BRAcHYoTUS—The Marsh Owl frequents all our moors sparingly. One or two of the nests have been found in the heather, in the month of June. . STRIX FLAMMEA.—At no distant date, the White Owl nested profusely at Old Norton and Norton Bridge. Noctua TENGMALMI.—Mr. Scott shot a specimen, but he never thought of its rarity till it was too late for stuffing. Mr. A. Kelly on some of the Birds of Lauderdale. 303 LANIUS ExcuUBITOR.—Mr. Tilly, Lauder, was successful in shooting a beautiful specimen of this unusual visitant, (which was in company with a Magpie), late in October, 1872, on the estate of Allanbank, near Lauder. He noticed it on the morning of the same day in the Loan, about a mile from where it was shot. He could not, he said, understand what was the matter with all the little birds, they were fly- ing about so strangely in a perfect panic, and the noise they made was perfectly deafening. On advancing, a Butcher Bird dashed away singing his usual call-note, “troole,” “troole,” and after a number of jerks and doublings among the trees, fairly gave his persecutors the slip. In two of these birds which came under my notice, each had swallowed a mouse entire ; and I do not believe in its alleged impaling of its prey upon a thorn. TURDUS TORQUATUS.—On Longcroft water, far up among the junipers, the Ring Ouzels have their stated visits every year. ‘They are most clamorous when one approaches them during the breeding season. SYLVIA TROCHILUS.—In the wood at the side of the Lugey in great numbers. The other birds in the same secluded retreat are, the Wheat Ear, Whin-Chat, Stone-chat, Redstart, Long-tailed Titmouse, Siskin, Lesser Red-pole, &c. BOMBYCILLA GARRULA.—The Waxwing must have visited Lauderdale at a very early period. A wing of one, carefully kept as a family relic, can be proved to have had a century of existence. , FRINGILLA MONTIFRINGILLA.—At Pilmore, the Bramblings congregated in fifties among the lint refuse, left after thrashing ; the little creatures very sensikly preferring it to beech-mast, a sort of do no better with them. FRINGILLA .CARDUELIS.—The clearing away of thistles everywhere has bereft us of the Goldfinch. Loxia CURVIROSTRA.—In the winter of 1850, a small flock of Crossbills visited Lauderdale, and tarried some weeks in the old fir wood opposite Thirlstane Castle, and then suddenly disappeared. Before they left it was supposed they were pairing. In 1857, they again visited us, making their sojourn even more prolonged ; but never settled down to nestie. CoRVuS CORAX.—Found in a rabbit trap in Edgarhope 304 Mr. A. Kelly on some of the Burds of Lauderdule. wood, last year. The Raven must be looked on as a straggler here. Ravens used to nest in force at the West Hope. CorRVUS CORONE.—This is the “ Hoodie” of the Borders, the Grey-backed Crow being called the “Sea-craw.” In Lauderdale these two are occasionally found paired during the breeding season. C. corone here invariably builds its nest of heather birns, and lines it with wool. GARRULUS GLANDARIUS.—T wo specimens of the Jay were shot by Peter Scott in Airhouse old birch wood ; one last year, the other some years’ previously. One of these is in the fine collection of Mr. Tilly, Lauder. Picus MAJoR.—Mr. Simson procured a specimen of the Great Spotted Woodpecker in the policy of Thirlstane Castle, being, as yet, the only one in the district. CucuLus CANORUS.—The female Cuckoo in the hili district invariably elects the nest of the Meadow Pipit wherein to deposit her eggs. She alters the nest for her purpose, her first procedure being to tear it out into an oblong shape, making it two or three times bigger than the original ; and yet, strange, for all this the Pipit seems to take no notice, but hatches away in the sorry nest, although I have seen it little better than a mere surface. ALCEDO IspipA.—A pair of Kingfishers for long frequented the banks of Longcroft water from its mouth to or near Cleekhimin, and nested in what is called the Redbrae. There being no trees on that part of the stream, the bird was obliged to watch its prey from a rock. I noticed that ~ it never dived till the fish was at the surface, and then, as Dr. Brehm remarks, it returned with it to its former station, where it killed its captive by shifting its position in its bill so as to grasp the fish by the tail, and then it struck it firmly against the object on which it rested. HIRUNDO vURBICA.—One of the finest natural breeding places of the Martin is on the face of an almost precipitous natural rock at the side of the Whiteadder, below Edrington Mill. ' CAPRIMULGUS EvRoPpuS.—Last summer, on a fine July night, I saw a Goatsucker whirring round and round a tree in full pursuit of moths; but seeing me a little way off, at the same trade, he decamped. CoTURNIX COMMUNIS.—Two Quails were shot in a stubble Mr. A. Kelly on some of the Birds of Lauderdale. 305 field belonging to Mr. Stuart, Collielaw, in September, 1871. CHARADRIUS MORINELLUS.—The mid hill of Lauder com- monly used to be their great resort. Both Mr. Tilly and Mr. Scott tell me that Dotterels have nested on the out- ground of Broadshawrig, year after year, to their knowledge for ten years. I saw a young bird that Mr. Scott had shot. CHARADRIUS HIATICULA.—Mr. Walter Simson, who has been on the banks of the Leader for fifty years, has only seen one Ringed Plover*. GRUS CINEREA.—A Crane was shot by the late Charles Simson, Esq., of Threepwood, on the Threepwood estate. ° BoTAURUS STELLARIS.—I have ascertained from Mr. Simson that Huntleywood Moss was once (1810) a favourite haunt of the Bittern, or “ Bull-in-the-Bog,” and for thirty years later occasional birds had been gotten; but it is now quite deserted. ScoLOPAX GALLINULA._-Foot drains on the uplands are preferred by Jacksnipes, but they are never anywhere nu- merous. RALLUS AQUATICUS.—Specimens have been repeatedly got in Leader. They also frequent Legerwood Loch. FULIGULA FERINA.— There are several specimens of the Pochard in the local collections here ; and on inquiry I find they have all been got in the neighbourhood of the Leader. MERGUS MERGANSER, vel CAstToR.—St. Leonard’s Cauld has always been the well-known haunt of this beautiful bird ; no fewer than seven or eight pairs visiting it in a season; but like many other interesting fowls, they are now getting few and far between. PoDICEPS MINOR.—Mr. Scott shot a pair of these birds of either sex, in January, 1875, in St. Leonard’s Cauld. When * In the beginning of August, 1868, Mr. Jerdon and I, in crossing from Threepwood Moss to Colmslie wood, started a Ringed Plover out of a ditch ; and again flushed it at a small pool above Langshaw Mill, in the valley of the Alwen. Mr. Brothereton says, ‘‘ The Ringed Plover breeds as far inland as Kelso. Mr. T. Lindsay has both the old and young birds, got many years ago on an island in the Tweed at Kelso; and I have a pair of old birds shot on the island at Banff Mill, three miles below Kelso.’’—J. H. 306 Mr. A. Kelly on some of the Birds of Lauderdale. he first came in sight of them, they were standing on a broad hemming of ice enclosing the water; but this was only momentary, as both plunged into the water and re- appeared on the same place; and this action was repeated over and over again. They were feeding, he thought, on the spawn of the trout. He crept nearer them under cover of the branches to get within shot. Perceiving they were watched, they instinctively kept in the water, only occa- sionally putting up their beaks for air in the current; the ice preventing them from getting under shelter of the willows and other strong herbage at the sides. Many years previous, Mr. Simson, Lauder, obtained a specimen from the same place; and he also almost succeeded in “gumping” another, much later during the summer season. The Little Grebe is very uncommon here. Uris TROILE—Some six summers since, Mr. Simson cap- tured one swimming in the Leader, at a place called the Hatter’s Hole. MercuLus ALLE—This quaint little traveller, the Rotche of Arctic voyagers, actually made his way here, a distance I should suppose of not less than thirty or forty miles up the Tweed basin, before he was captured by a workman, about Harryburn House, who, seeing the little fellow paddling up the burn, hauled him out with his hoe. PHALACROCORAX CaRBo.—A Cormorant was found in a dying state, at Tollishill, some fifteen miles from the sea. LARUS RIDIBUNDUS.—The Black-headed Gulls are abun- dant in Legerwood Loch, which has from time immemorial been one of their favourite breeding places. THALASSIDROMA PELAGICA.—Once during a severe gale, a Storm Petrel was shot as far inland as Oxton, six miles north from Lauder. ; ANDREW KELLY. 307 Tist of Araneidea and Phalangidea, collected from October, 1871, to October, 1874, in Berwickshire and Northwm- berland, by Mr. James Hardy. By the Rev. O. P. CAMBRIDGE, M.A., C.M.Z.S. THE following list has been drawn up at the request of Mr. James Hardy, to whose kind exertions I] am indebted for an exceedingly valuable and rich collection of Arachnida (chiefly Araneidea) from various localities in Berwickshire and Northumberland. The list is arranged in accordance with the views expressed in “A Systematic List of the Spiders at present known to inhabit Great Britain and Ireland,” published lately in the “Transactions of the Linnean Society,” Vol. xxx., pp. 319-333. To this publica- tion, and others there noted, I must refer those who may desire to ascertain the various additional synonyms of the genera and species now recorded, as well as for references to the works in which they are described or figured. The present list contains one-hundred-and-sixty species of Araneidea, and two only of Phalangidea. Of the former, eleven have been described as new to science, and three as new to Britain (see “ Linn. Trans.,” xxviii, pp. 523-555, pl. xlv., xlvi.) Three other species have since been decided to to be new to science; and of these three, descriptions are contained in the list below. Of the forty-two genera repre- sented, three(Linyphia, Neriéne,and Walckenaéra—compris- ing the Micro-Aranee), monopolize eighty-seven out of the one-hundred-and-sixty species contained in the whole collec- tion. This large proportion is partly to be accounted footy the nature of the localities chiefly searched mountain-sides and summits, moor, and waste land ; partly from the time of year,—autumn and spring ; and partly because, in all proba- bility the actual existing proportion of other species to those of these three genera, gets less and less as we advance northwards. Of the four-hundred-and-sixty species of Araneidea up to this time recorded in Great Britain, one- hundred-and-ninety-nine belong to the three genera men- tioned—a proportion considerably smaller than that borne by the eighty-seven species to the total one-hundred-and- sixty of the present list. Thirty-six genera of the known British Spiders are unrepresented in Mr. Hardy’s collection. Some of these will, no doubt, be met with in other localities, and perhaps in some of the same when searched at other IN 308 Inst of Araneidea and Phalangidea. times of the year. We may feel, however, tolerably certain that there are many other species of the Micro-Aranez yet to be found in the North of England and Scotland. Only one in this list—Linyphia reticulata—can be said to repre- sent an Alpine fauna, being the only species identical with any known one peculiar to a high Alpine range ; probably higher altitudes further north would produce other species found at from 4,000 to 8,000 feet altitude in the Swiss Alps and Tyrol. The following analysis of the collection may perhaps be of interest as shewing the distribution of species among the genera represented :— Species. Species. Fam. DysDERIDES. Fam, THERIDIIDES. Gen. Oonops - - 1 Gen. Asagena - - I », Harpactes - - I » Neriene - - 31 », Segestria - - 1 » Walckenaéra - 19 Fam. DrassIpzs. », Pachygnatha = 2 Gen. Micaria - - 1 », Lapinopa - - 2 59. SQuassus. -.o- ~ 2 », Linyphia - - 37 », Gnaphosa - - i » Hro - : - 1 » Prosthesima - 2 Fam. EPriRipEs. », COlubiona - - 7 Gen. Meta - - 2 », Anypheena - - | », Tetragnatha - 1 » Hecaérge - - 1 » Cercidia - ae | Fam, DictynIvEs. 59 2a - - 2 Gen. Dictyna - =) », Hpeira - -4 Fam. AGELENIDES. Fam. THomIsIDEs. Gen. Amaurobius - i Gen. Xysticus - - 7 », Colotes - - il », Philodromus - il » Tegenaria - - 1 » Thanatus - - 1 yy) Dextxix - - 2 Fam. Lycosmszs. », Cryphoéca - - 1 Gen. Pirata Sper tek », Hahnia - - | », Trochosa - - 4 Fam, THERIDIIDES. », Lycosa - - 6 Gen. Pholcomma - il », Tarentula - - 2 », Jheridion - - 38 Fam. SAricrpEs. », Nesticus - - 1 Gen. Epiblemum -- 2 », Pbyllonethis - il », Attus - - | With regard to the names of the species, in the subjoined list, found severally on the Scottish and English sides of the Border, local naturalists interested in the point may easily separate them by noting the localities given here for each species. The total number of Araneidea from Berwickshire List of Araneidea and Phalangidea. 309 appears to be seventy-six, and the total from Northumber- land, one-hundred-and-forty-five. Of the Phalangidea, one is from Berwickshire, the other from Northumberland. To form a complete list of Scotch Spiders to the present. time, the records of Mr. Hardy’s labours, many years ago _ (see “Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland,” by John Black- wall, 1861-64), as well as those of myself in the “ Zoologist” for 1862, Vol. xx., p. 8041; “Trans. Linn. Society,” Vol. XXVl., pp. 393-463 ; and Vol. xxviil, pp. 433-458, 523-555; as also Mr. J. W. H. Traill’s notices in the “Scottish Natur- list,” 11., pp. 23-25, and p. 300, should be collated with the present list. I must not conclude these few introductory remarks with- out expressing my thanks to Mr. Hardy, and a hope that he and other local naturalists will go on with the search he has hitherto so successfully prosecuted in the field of Arach- nology. I feel sure that a continuance of the harvest he has reaped may be expected, and that many new forms, particu- larly among the Micro-Araneze, will yet be found both in the North of England and in Scotland. O. P. CAMBRIDGE. Bloxworth, Dorsetshire, February 11th, 1875. CLASS ARACHNIDA. ORDER ARANEIDEA. Fam. DYSDERIDES. Genus Oonops, Templ. Oonors puncHER, Templeton. An adult male and fe- male; Berwickshire collection. Genus Harpactes, Templ.—Dysdera, Bl., ad partem. Harpactes Hompereu, Scop. Adults and immature examples of both sexes; Berwickshire collection. Genus Segestria, Latr. SEGESTRIA sENOCULATA, Linn. Immature females, Oldcambus and Wooler; adult female, Cheviot dis- trict, Old Earle. Fam. DRASSIDES. Genus Micaria, C. Koch.=Drassus, Bl., ad partem. MicariA PuticaRra, Sund.=Drassus nitens, Bl., and D. micans, Bl. Adult male and female, Wooler. 310 Lust of Araneidea and Phalangidea. Genus Drassus, Walck.=Drassus, Bl., ad partem. Drassus Troagtopytses, C. Koch.=D. clavator, Cambr. Adults and immature examples of both sexes; Wooler (Cold Martin Moss), Cheviot Hill, top of Cheviot, and Berwickshire collection. This spider appears to be widely distributed in England. I have found it at Southport, Lancashire ; near Brighton; and in the isle of Portland. It is also found in most parts of the Continent of Europe, as well as in Syria, Palestine, and Asia Minor, The large size of the digital joint of the palpus in the adult male, and of the genital aperture in the adult female, will distinguish it readily from all other British Drassi. LAPIDICOLENS, Walck. Numerous examples of both sexes, mostly, however, immature ; Berwick- shire cvllection, Cheviot Hill, Wooler, and Old Earle. Genus Gnaphosa, Latr.=Drassus, Bl., ad partem. GnaprHosa Aneuica, Cambr.—Drassus lucifugus, Bl. A single adult male ; Berwickshire collection. The only previously recorded locality for this spider is Bloxworth Heath, Dorsetshire, where it is a rare species. It is unknown as yet on the Continent of Europe. Genus Prosthesima, L. Koch.—Drassus, BI., ad partem, ProstHEsima Prtivertt, Scop.—Drassus ater, Bl. An immature male; Wooler. NiGRITA, Fabr.=D. pusillus, Bl. An adult fe- male, top of Cheviot; and another, immature, Wooler. Genus Clubiona, Latr.—Clubiona, Bl., ad partem. Crusiona GRiseA, L. Koch—=C, holosericea, Bl. Adults and immature examples of both sexes at Wooler and on Cold Martin Moss, TERRESTRIS, Westr.—C. amarantha, Bl. Adults of both sexes; Wooler, and Berwickshire collection. PALLIDULA, Clerck,=C. epimelas, Bl. An adult male at Wooler. comra, C. Koch. Adult and immature examples of both sexes; Wooler, and Berwickshire collection. TRIVIALIS, C. Koch. Adult male, Wooler. PALLENS, C. Koch.=C. diversa, Cambr. Adult females, Wooler and Pease Dean; adult male, Cheviot Hill. RECLUSA, Cambr. Adults and immature ex- Inst of Araneidea and Phalangidea. 311 amples of both sexes, Wooler; a single adult female in the Berwickshire collection. Genus Anyphena, Sund.=Clubiona, Bl., ad partem. ANYPHENA ACCENTUATA, Walck. Females, adult and immature, Pease Dean. Genus Hecaerge, Bl. HEcAERGE MACULATA, B].=H. spinimana, Bl. Females, adult and immature, Pease Dean; adults of both sexes, Berwickshire collection. Fam. DICTYNIDES. Genus Dictyna, Sund.—Ergatis, BI. DicTynA ARUNDINACEA, Linn.—Ergatis, benigna, BI. Both sexes, but all immature; Wooler. Fam. AGELENIDES. Genus Amaurobius, C. Koch =Ciniflo, Bl,, ad partem. AMAUROBIUS FENESTRALIS, Stroem.—Ciniflo atrox, Bl. Adult females, Langleyford and Oldcambus; adults of both sexes, Wooler. Genus Celotes, Bl. Catorrs atropos, Walck.—C, saxatilis, Bl. Adult and immature females, Cheviot Hill. Genus Zegenaria, Latr. TrcEnArtA Deruamit, Scop.=T. civilis, Bl. Immature females, Wooler. Genus Zextriz, Sund, TEXTRIX DENTICULATA, Oliv.=T. lycosina, Bl. Adult females and immature examples of both sexes, at Wooler, and in the Berwickshire collection. Genus Cryphoeca, Thor—Tegenaria, Bl., ad partem. CRYPHOECA SILVICOLA, C. Koch.—Tegenaria silvicola, Bl. This species apvears to be very generally distributed both in the Wooler and Berwickshire districts. Adult and immature examples of both sexes were found in almost all the separate collections from each of the localities in those districts. Genus Hahnia, O. Koch.=Agelena, Bl., ad partem. HANIA ELEGANS, Bl. An adult female. Cold Martin Moss. monTANA, Bl. Adult females, Berwickshire collection. 312 Inst of Aranerdea and Phalangidea. Fam THERIDIIDES. Genus Pholcomma, Thor.=Theridion, Cambr., ad partem; Erigone, Westr., ad partem. PuotcommMa Gispum, Westr. = Theridion projectum, Cambr. Adults of both sexes of this very distinct and interesting little Spider, in the Berwickshire collection, as well as at Wooler and on the Cheviots. The only other locality yet recorded for it in Kngland is Bloxworth heath, Dorsetshire ; where, however, it appears to be of far greater rarity than in the northern localities. Genus Theridion, Walck—=Theridion, Bl., ad partem. THERIDION SISYPHIUM, Clerck.—T. nervosum, Bl. Adults of both sexes at Wooler; immature examples in several other localities, both in Northumberland and Berwickshire. DENTICULATUM, Walck. Two adult males, Wooler PALLENS, Bl. An adult male, Wooler; and an adult female, Pease Dean. Genus Westicus, Thor.=Linyphia, Bl., ad partem. Nesticus cELLULANUS, Clerck.=Linyphia crypticolens, Bl. Both sexes, adult and immature, Berwickshire collection (Pease Dean and other localities). Genus Phyllonetiis, Thor.=Theridion, Bl., ad partem. PHYLLONETHIS LINEATA, Clerck.—Theridion lineatum, Bl. Adults of both sexes, Wooler district. Genus Asagena, Sund.—Theridion, Bl., ad partem. ASAGENA PHALERATA, Panz.—Theridion signatum, BI. A single adult female, Berwickshire collection. Genus Weriene, Bl, ad partem. NERIENE ATRA, BL=N. longipalpis, Bl.=Erigone vaga- bunda, Westr. Adult males and females from various localities, both in Berwickshire and Northd. pPromiscua, Cambr. A single adult male, Cold Martin Moss; and another at Wooler. ——— DENTIPALPIs, Wider. Adult males and females ; Wooler, Cheviot, and Berwickshire collection. GRAMINICOLA, Sund. - Adult females, Wooler district. nicrA, Bl. Adults of both sexes; Wooler, Hedgehope, and Langleyford. A single adult male in the Berwickshire collection. TIBIALIS, Bl. Three adult males of this remark- able Spider (easily distinguished from WV. migra by the incrassation of the tibiee of the first pair of legs), found at Langleyford. List of Araneidea and Phalangidea: 313 NERIENE LONGIMANA, C. Koch.=N. vagans, Bl. Adults of both sexes; Cheviot Hill, Hedgehope, Humble- ton Hill, and Old Earle, as well as in the Berwick- shire collection. pycmmA, Bl. An adult male of each sex in the Berwickshire collection ; adult males, Cold Martin Moss ; and a single one at Wooler. RUBENS, Bl. Adults of both sexes; Wooler, Cheviot, and other localities. -ISABELLINA, C. Koch.=N. rubella, Bl. Adults of both sexes, Berwickshire collection. Hurawalru, Cambr. An adult male of this rare species, Wooler. DENTATA, Wider. Adult females, Wooler district AGRESTIS, Bl. Adults of both sexes; Wooler, and Wooler district, Langleyfcrd, Hedgehope, and in the Berwickshire collection. RETUSA, Westr.—Neriene elevata, Cambr. An adult male, South Middleton Dean; another on Cheviot Hill; and one in the Berwickshire collection. *uncaTa, Cambr., sp. m. Adults of both sexes of this fine new species, at Wooler. aipposa, Bl. An adult male, top of Cheviot. apicaTa, Bl. An adult male, Wooler. cornuta, Bl. An adult male, Wooler. ——— BITUBERCULATA, Wider. Adults of both sexes, Wooler and Cold Martin Moss. ——— Excisa, Cambr. An adult male in the Berwick- shire collection, and several of the same sex from the Wooler district. ——— i1vipa, Bl. Adults of both sexes from nearly all the localities, both in Berwickshire and in Northumberland. ——— ruFA, Wider.=N. rubripes, Bl. An adult male at Wooler; another on the top of Hedgehope; and one on Cheviot Hill. VIARIA, Bl, An adult male and females, Hum- bleton Hill. ——w— syztyatica, Bl. Adult males, Langleyford ; one on Hedgehope ; another on Humbleton Hill ; adults of both sexes, Wooler; and adult males in the Berwickshire collection. FuscIpALPIs, OC, Koch.=N. gracilis, Bl. =N. flavipes, B]. Adults of both sexes, Wooler district and in the Berwickshire collection. * Described (with others marked with an asterisk) in “Linn. Trans.,” xxviii., pp. 523--555, pl. 46. 314 List of Araneidea and Phalangidea. NERIENE SUBLIMIS, sp. 2. The adult male ofthis Spider is one-tenth of an inch in length: it is of a slender form, and is nearly allied to Hrigone fuscipalpis, C. Koch.=W. gracilis, Bl. It may, however, be readily distinguished by its larger size, the redder brown colouring of the legs, the slenderer form of the falces, and the structure of the palpal organs. The cephalothorax, falces, maxille, and labium are of a deep brown colour; the legs are long, slender, and of a yellow brown colour; the femora much the strongest, and strongly tinged with red ; they are armed with hairs and a very few slender prominent spine-like bristles; and their relative length is 4, 1, 2, 3. The cubital joint is rather nodiform, with a longish, slightly sinuous bristle, directed forwards from its fore side. The palpi are short, the cubital and radial joints very short ; the latter is rather the strongest, and has its outer extremity at the fore part produced into a short slight point (similar to that of VV. fuscipalpis) ; the digital joint is of tolerable size and is some- what angularly prominent towards its base on the outer side, resembling in this particular also the species before mentioned; the palpal organs are highly developed and complex, the corneous spines and processes less compact and more prominent than in lV. fuscipalpis, two in particular may be noticed as giving a strong differential character from those of that species. One of these, situated towards the base of the palpal organs, projects prominently backwards and inwards, and has its extremity slightly curved and terminating in an obtuse, or squarish point: the other lying along the outer side has its fore extremity bifid or forked. The abdomen is small, oval, not very convex above; its colour is black, glossy, and clothed very sparingly with short hairs. The female is much larger than the male, measuring nearly two lines in length, but resembles that sex in general form and colour. The epigyne conrected with the genital aperture is strong, prominent, and furnished at its extremity with a short, strong, closely recurved corneous pro- cess, or ovipositor.—An adult male and three adult females, top of Cheviot Hill. CURTIPES, sp.” The length of the adult male of this species is one line. The cephalothorax is short, but of ordinary general form: the caput Inst of Araneidea and Phalangidea. 315 © has the occipital region, which is furnished with a fow hairs, rather elevated and rounded, and the ocular area a little prominent, very much resembl- ing in these respects Weriene atra, BI. It is of a deep shining black-brown colour ; and the clypeus is rather sharply impressed immediately below the eyes, but full, prominent, and rounded, at its lower part, its height exceeding half thatof the facial space. The eyes are small, dark-coloured, and in the usual four pairs, or two transverse lines; they are rather obscure, and their exact relative position is difficult to be ascertained with certainty—those of the hind central pair appeared to be nearer to each other than each is to the hind lateral on its side; those of the fore central pair are near together, but not quite contiguous. The degs are short, and do not differ greatly in length, their relative length being 1, 4, 2, 3; they are slender, but the several joints are of tolerably uniform size: their colour is yellowish red brown, and they are furnished with hairs, and a few slender erect bristles. The palpe are short, and similar in colour to the legs; the cubital and radial joints are very short, and very nearly of equal length: tho latter is the strongest, and dces not appear to be furnished with any very marked projection or apophysis at its fore extremity, though the upper and outer sides of that part are slightly emarginate, leaving a small, pro- minent, obtuse point at the middle of the fore extremity ; the digital joint is large and of aregular oval form; the palpal organs are compact and not very complex; a strong dark-brown spiny process curves closely round their inner margin from the outer side of their base to the fore part of their inner side, where it is met by the point of a slender filiform black spine, which issues from near their fore part on the outer side and runs over them, in close contact, in a directly transverse direction. The falces are moderately long, slender, and of a dark-brown colour; the inner surface towards the extremity is armed with a few fine teeth. The maaille and labiwm are of normal form, and similar in colour to the falces. The sternum is similar in colour to the cephalothorax, very convex, and fur- nished with some coarse prominent hairs. The abdomen is rather large and tolerably convex above ; it does not project much over the base of the lo “ -36y 16 List of Araneidea and Phalangidea. cephalothorax, and it is of an obscure greenish- black colour, clothed thinly with short hairs, the epidermis having a semi-coriaceous and slightly punctuose appearance. —A single example only, Langleyford. NrERiene *payrrans, Cambr., sp. . An adult female, Cheviot Hill. mas Cambr., sp.n. An adult female, Cheviot ill. *PRUDENS, Cambr., sp ”, An adult female, Cheviot Hill. *MORULA, Camb,., sp. 2. Male and female adult, Cheviot Hill. Genus Walckenaera, Bl. WALCKENAERA BREVIS, Wider. W. depressa, Bl. An adult maie in the Berwickshire collection. ——— BREVIPES, Westr. An adult male, Cold Martin Moss. cusPIDATA, Bl. Adult males, Wooler, South Middleton Dean, and’ Hedgehope; adults of both sexes in the Berwickshire ¢ollection. UNICORNIS, Cambr. Adult males, Cold Martin Moss. NUDIPALPIS, Westr. Adult male, Berwickshire collection. —— punotaTa, Bl. An adult male, Wooler; and adults of both sexes in the Berwickshire collection. ——— pirrons, Bl. An adult male, Cheviot Hill. ——— orisTaTa, Bl. Adult male, Wooler. -——— antica, Wider. Adult females, Old Earle and Wooler; an adult male, Hedgehope; an adult male in the Berwickshire collection ; and an adult female, Langleyford. —— ruscipes, Bl. Adult males, Wooler; one at Humbleton Hil], and another in the Berwickshire collection. —w— oxnscura, Bl. An adult male, Wooler. ——— Latirrons, Cambr. An adult male, Cheviot Hill. - PERMIXTA, Cambr. Adult males, Wooler ; adults of both sexes in the Berwickshire collection. NEMORALIS, Bl. An adult male, Wooler; and adults of same sex in the Berwickshire collection. LUDIcRA, Cambr. An adult male, Pease Dean. *voposa, Cambr., sp. ». An adult male, Cold Martin Moss. TRirrons, Cambr. Adults of both sexes, Cheviot Hill and Langleyford. List of Araneidea and Phalangidea. 317 WALCKENAERA FRONTATA, BI]. Adult male, Berwickshire collection; adult males, South Middleton dean and Wooler; and one on Cheviot Hill. —— acuminata, Bl. Adults of both sexes, Wooler district ; a single adult male, Langleyford ; one on Cheviot Hill, and another in the Berwickshire col- lection. Genus Pachygnatha, Sund. PacuyenatHa Crercki, Sund. Adults of both sexes, Wooler, South Middleton dean, and Berwickshire collection. ——— Dzexreri, Sund. Adults of both sexes: Wooler, Langleyford, Hedgehope, and Berwickshire collec- tion. Genus Zapinopa, Westr.—Linyphia, BI., ad partem. TAPINOPA LONGIDENS, Bl. An adult female, Cheviot Hill. ——— unicotor, sp. n. Adult female, length very nearly 23 lines. This Spider is nearly allied to 7. longidens, resembling it in general form and struc- ture, but easily distinguished by an almost total absence of pattern on the cephalothorax and a unicolorous abdomen, as well as by the slightly larger size and closer contiguity of the eyes of the fore central pair, and the generally rather closer grouping of the eyes. The colour of the cephalo- thorax, legs, and palpi is of a uniform yellow colour, the abdomen paler, and thinly clothed with dark curved hairs. The eyes of the fore central pair are distinctly the largest of the eight, and are separated by less than an eye’s diameter, while the interval between those of the same pair in 7. longidens is quite equal to, if not greater, than an eye’s diameter. This certainly holds good in com- parisor. of the females of the two species, but the fore central eyes of the male of 7. longidens avpear to be nearer together than those of the female, and so probably a similar difference between the sexes of Z. unicolor will be found to exist when the male of this latter shall be discovered. The height of the clypeus also in 7. longidens is greater than that of 7. unicolor; in the latter species it does not exceed the diameter of one of the fore central eyes, while in 7. longidens it exceeds it perceptibly. The falces are very similar in both species, being strong, prominent towards their base in front, divergent at 318 Inst of Araneidea and Phalangidea. their extremities, and armed with long teeth on their inner margin. The epegyne connected with the genital aperture is also as nearly as possible alike in the two species.—An adult male, Pease Dean, and two others at Wooler. Genus Linyphia, Latr.=Linyphia, Bl. ad partem.=Neriéne, BL., ad partem=Theridion, Bl., ad partem.=Bathy- phantes, Menge, ad partem. LinypHia FRENATA, Bl. An adult female, South Middleton dean. THORACICA, Wider.=L. cauta, Bl. Adults of both sexes, Pease Dean and Langleyford ; and adult males in the Berwickshire collection. LEPROSA, Ohl.—=L. confusa, Cambr. Adult fe- males, Old Earle, Wooler, and Berwickshire collec- tion; adults of both sexes, Cheviot Hill. minuTA, Bl. Adults of both sexes, Old Earle and Langleyford ; and a single adult of each sex in the Berwickshire collection. TENEBRICOLA, Wider. =L. terricola, Bl. =L. tenuis, Bl. Adult and immature examples of both sexes from all the various localities both in North- umberland and Berwickshire. ——— opscura, Bl. An adult of each sex, Cheviot Hill. ——— variecaTa, Bl.=Neriene variegata, Bl. Adult male, Wooler, and another, Langleyford. An adult of éach sex, Cheviot Hill; and adult females in the Berwickshire collection. ALAcris, Bl. Males and females, adult, Ber- wickshire collection and Pease Dean; adult females, Cheviot Hill and Wooler. SOCIALIS, Sund. An adult of each sex, ;Wooler ; an adult male, South Middleton dean. LUTEOLA, BL=L. alticeps, Bl. Adults of both sexes; Langleyford, Wooler District. Cheviot Hill, and Berwickshire collection. ALTICEPS, Sund. Adults of both sexes, Cheviot Hill; and an adult female in the Berwickshire collection. cristata, Menge. = Bathyphantes cristatus, Menge. An adult male, Berwickshire collection ; and adults of both sexes, Wooler district. Before the captures here recorded, this species had not been noted in Great Britain. EXPLICATA, Cambr.—L. decolor,” Cambr. An adult male and females, Old Earle. NicgRINA, Westr.—L. pulla, Bl. Adult males and females, Berwickshire collection. Inst of Araneidea and Phalangidea. 319 LinyPHIA APPROXIMATA, Cambr. Adults of both sexes, Wooler and Berwickshire collection. DORSALIS, Wider.—=L. anthracina, Bl. = Claytonie, Bl. Adults of both sexes; ee Wooler, and other localities in the Wooler district, ERICHA, Bl: Adults of both sexes, Langleyford, and an adult male in the Berwickshire collection. crrcuMspEctTA, Bl. An adult male and females, Langleyford, and an adult male in the Berwick- shire collection. ANGULIPALPIS, Westr. An adult male, Cheviot Hill. New to Britain. EXPERTA, Cambr. An adult male, Cold Martin Moss, and others on Cheviot Hill. RUFA, Westr. An adult female, Pease Dean; adults of both sexes, Hedgehope, Wooler, and in the Berwickshire collection. New to Britain. —w-— Bicotor, Bl.—Neriene bicolor, Id. Adults of both sexes abundant in almost every locality, both in Northumberland and Berwickshire. *LINGUATA, Cambr., sp.. An adult female in the Berwickshire collection. “RETICULATA, Cambr., sp. . Adults of both sexes on the tops of Hedgehope and Cheviot Hill. It is somewhat remarkable that this ‘fine and distinct species should have been discovered at a high alti- tude on a mountain in South Tyrol, and described under the name of Hrigone adipata, by Dr. L, Koch, nearly about the same time as its discovery by Mr. Hardy and description by myself. The description, however, by Dr. Koch is rather later in point of time than my own. ———*pruDENS, Cambr., sp. v. Adults of both sexes, Old Earle and Cheviot Hill; an adult of each sex, Wooler; and adult males and females, in the Ber- wickshire collection. —*arcana, Cambr., sp.v. An adult male, Cheviot Hill. ———*contrita, Cambr., sp.n. Anadult male, Chev- iot Hill. ——— DEcENS, Cambr. An adult female, Cheviot Hill. —— concontor, Wider. = Theridion filipes, Bl. Adult males, Wooler ; and a single example of the same sex in the Berwickshire collection. insignis, Bl. Adults of both sexes; Wooler district, South Middleton Dean, and Berwickshire collection. 320 List of Araneidea and Phalangidea. LINYPHIA CLATHRATA, Sund.=Neriene marginata, Bl. Adults and immature examples of both sexes, Wooler district, and in the Berwickshire collection. ——— BUCCULENTA, Clerck=Neriene trilineata, Bl. An adult female, Oldcambus; adults of both sexes, Wooler district and Berwickshire collection. —— — montana, Clerk.=L. marginata, Bl. An adult and immature females, Wooler district; adults and immature examples of both sexes, South Middleton Dean. TRIANGULARIS, Clerck.=L. montana, Bl. Females adult and immature, Langleyford and several other © localities. PELTATA, Wid. =. rubea, Bl. Immature females, Wooler district. — — pusinta, Sund.=L. fuliginea, Bl. An adult maie and females, Wooler, and immature examples of both sexes in several other localities. HORTENSIS, Sund.—L. pratensis, Bl. Immature examples of both sexes, Wooler district. Genus Zro, C. Koch.=Theridion, Bl., ad partem. Ero THorAcicA, Wider. = Theridion variegatum, BI. Adult females, Wooler; and adult males, Cold Martin Moss. Fam. EPEIRIDES. Genus Meta, C. Koch.—Epeira, Bl, ad partem. Meta sEGMENTATA, Clerck.—Epeira inclinata, Bl—=E. Mengii, Bl. Adults and immature examples of both sexes from nearly all the localities both in Berwick- shire and Northumberland. ——— Merianz, Scop.—E. antriada, Bl.=E. celata, Id. Adult and immature males and females; Cheviot Hill, Wooler district, and Berwickshire collection. ~ Genus Tetragnatha, Latr. TETRAGNATHA EXTENSA, Linn. Immature examples of both sexes; South Middleton Dean, Wooler dis- trict, and Berwickshire collection. Genus Cercidia, Thor.=Epeira, Bl., ad partem. CERCIDIA PROMINENS, Westr,—Epeira bella, Meade and Bl. An adult male and female, Berwickshire collection. Inst of Araneidea and Phalangidea. 321 Genus Zilla, C. Koch.—Epeira, Bl, ad partem. ZittA 4-noraTa, Clerck.=Epeira similis, Bl. Adult and immature females, Wooler district. ——— arrica, C. Koch.=E. calophylla, Bl. An adult male and female, Wooler; adult males, Cold Martin Moss. Genus Epeira, Walck.—Epeira, Bl., ad partem. EPerrA cCucuURBITINA, Clerck. An adult male and females, Wooler district. DIADEMATA, Clerck.—KE. ‘diadema, Bl. Adult males, Wooler district ; immature examples of both sexes in several other localities in Northumberland and Berwickshire. cornuTa, Olerck=K. apoclisa, Bl. Adults of both sexes, Wooler district. UMBRATICA, Clerck. Adult females, Langleyford. Fam. THOMISIDES. Genus Xysticus, C. Koch=Thomisus, Bl., ad partem. XystTicus crisTatus, Clerck. An adult male and fe- males, Langleyford; immature examples of both sexes in several other localities in Berwickshire and Northumberland. viaTicus, Olerck. An adult female, Wooler, and another, South Middleton Dean. LANIO, C. Koch. An adult female, Cheviot Hill. ERRATICUS, Bl. An adult female, Langleyford. ATOMARIUS, Panzer.—T. versutus, Bl. An adult female, Cold Martin Moss. trux, Bl. Adult males and female, Cold Martin Moss; and adult females, Wooler and South Middleton Dean. HORTICOLA, Panz.=Thomisus pallidus, Bl. An adult female, South Middleton Dean. Genus Philodromus, Walck. PHILODROMUS CESPITICOLIS, Walck. Males and pales adult and immature, Wooler district. Genus Zhanatus, C. Koch.—Philodromus, B1., ad partem. THANATUS oBLoNGUS, Walck. Adults of both sexes, Cold Martin Moss; and adult females in the Ber- wickshire collection. 322 List of Araneidea and Phalangidea. Fam. LYCOSIDES. Genus Pirata, Sund.=Lycosa, Bl., ad partem. Prrata prraticus, Clerck.=Lycosa piratica, Bl. An adult female, Wooler; another on Cheviot Hill; and an adult of each sex, Cold Martin Moss. Genus Zrochosa, C. Koch.=Lycosa, BI., ad partem. TROCHOSA CINEREA, Fabr.=Lycosa allodroma, Bl. An adult male and an immature female, Wooler. picta, Hahn. Adults of both sexes, Wooler district. RURICOLA, De Geer.—L. campestris, Bl. Adults of both sexes, Wooler district. TERRICOLA, Thor.—L. agretyca, Bl. An adult female, Oldcambus; an adult male, Old Earle; and a male and females, adult, Wooler district. Genus Lycosa, Latr.=Lycosa, Bl., ad partem. LycosA AMENTATA, Clerck.=L. saccata, Bl. Adults and immature examples of both sexes, South Middleton Dean, Wooler district, Cheviot Hill, Langleyford, and Berwickshire collection. PULLATA, Clerck.=L. obscura, Bl. An adult male, Cold Martin Moss; another on Cheviot Hill; and a male and female, adult, Wooler district, NIGRICEPS, Thor.—L. congener, Cambr. Females, adult and immature, South Middleton Dean; and an adult male, Wooler. HERBIGRADA, Bl. An adult male, Wooler. MONTICOLA, Clerck. Females, adult and imma- ture, Wooler and Cheviot Hill. PALUSTRIS, Linn—=L. exigua, Bl. Immature examples of both sexes of what I believe to be this species, in various localities both in Northumber- land and Berwickshire. Genus Zurentula, Sund.—Lycosa, Bl., ad partem, TARENTULA PULVERULENTA, Olerck.=L. rapax, Bl. Im- mature examples of both sexes; Old Earle, Cold Martin Moss, Hedgehope, and Berwickshire col- lection. ANDRENIVORA, Walck. An adult male, Cold Martin Moss, another Langleyford, and an adult female, Wooler. Inst of Araneidea and Phalangidea. 323 Fam. SALTICIDES. Genus Lpiblemum, Hentz.=Salticus, Bl., ad partem. EPprsLEMUM scENtcuM, Clerck.=S. scenicus, Bl., ad partem. An adult of each sex, Berwickshire collection, CINGULATUM, Panz.=S. scenicus, Bl., ad partem Two adult males, Wooler. Genus Atius, Walck.=Salticus, Bl., ad partem. Arttus Fatcatus, Clerck.=S. coronatus, Bl. An adult of each sex, Wooler. ORDER PHALANGIDEA. Fam. PHALANGIDES. Genus Vemastoma. NEMASTOMA BIMACULATA. A single example in Ber- wickshire collection. CHRYSOMELAS. ‘Two examples, Cheviot Hill. [In the Club’s ‘‘ Proceedings,” Vol. v., pp. 92-96 (1858), will be found a list of seventy Berwickshire Spiders, of which eight are not in the present enumeration, viz. (I use the amended nomenclature): Drassus sylvestris, Bl., D. cupreus, Bl, Agroeca brunnea, Bl., Clubiona brevipes, Bl., Walckenaera Hard, Bl, W. obtusa, Bl., W. pumila, Bl., and Xysticus cinereus, Bl. These make the number on the Border list, 168. In addition to these, that earlier list furnishes for Berwickshire twenty-two other Spiders, not recorded in the present for that district, viz.: Micaria pulicaria, Prosthesima Petivervi, Clubiona fusca*, Dictyna arundinacea, Tegenaria Derhamii, Phyllonethis lineata, Neriene rubens, N. rufa, Tapinopa longidens, Linyphia socialis, L. montana, L. triangularis, L. peltata, L. hortensis, Ero thoracica, Xysticus trux, X, atomarius, X. horticola, Trochosa picta, T. pullata, and Attus falcatus. These make the ascertained Berwickshire Spiders 105, as against 145 from North Northumberland.—J. H. | * IT know of no such British or other species. May it be C. fucata, B1., which is = C. courta, Koch—the latter name having priority. See “ British and Irish Spiders,” by J. Blackwall.—O. P. C. 1P 324 On Berwickshire Insects. No. III. By James Harpy. I HAVE had very little leisure this season to devote to Insects in Berwickshire, a portion of three days being all the time I could spare; my object being to pick up some of the Saw- flies while they were prevalent, the period of their occurrence being very ephemeral. Those I was unacquainted with were submitted to Mr. Cameron, of Glasgow, who knows more about the Tenthredinide than any other British naturalist ; and he also examined the more select Cheviot species of this little studied family, and I owe to him some of the synonyms. Others there were that I had previously in my collection. COLEOPTERA. ORCHESTES SCUTELLARIS. In JuneI noticed considerable numbers on alders, of a very pale colour as if newly hatched, on the Tower burn, near the Pease Mill. SITONES LINEATUS, AND THE BEAN Aputs. The Srtones were very prevalent in bean-fields throughout the season. They appeared in crowds upon the walls. along the sea-banks, in calm days, about the 21st April, evidently an immigrant association ; and, shortly after, the fields were occupied by them, and the leaves of the young plants were nibbled on the edges, and assumed a pinched appearance. The Sitones did much to keep the crop back ; the beans were sown on a dry bed, and never had a shower to promote the vigorous growth adequate to shake off the effects of insect attacks. While thus languishing, they were overspread by the black Aphis Rumicis, to a degree that I never saw equalled. ‘The plants, covered by them as if with gunpowder, became also black, and withered away in patches. The evil symptoms soon became apparent without need of a close examination, by tokens of untimely ripeness breaking out in spots among the healthy plants that still continued clean and robust. The Aphides were attacked by Syrphus larva; and Coccinella septempunctata and its larva were far beyond their legitimate numbers, but without apparently diminishing the Aphid swarms, which also covered, with a loathsome crust, thistles, docks, and almost all sorts of weeds. A solitary Lap- wing frequented one field for about three months, from May to July, the abundance of food overcoming its gregarious pro- peusities. Altogether, the bean crops along the coast were either deficient or failures. HYMENOPTERA. TENTHREDINIDA (SAW-FLIES). Cimpex Femorata, Z. Near Ayton. In former years I took it in numbers about Swinton Hill. Mr. J. Hardy on Berwickshire Insects. 325 Hytotroma ustuLaTta, Z. Frequent about Swinton Hill. Crapius Papi, Z. Near Penmanshiel. Nematus DreuEri, Klug. On birch near Penmanshiel, on June 5th; scarce there. Mr. Cameron has written its history, « Scottish Naturalist,” ii., p. 113, &c. - PAPILLOSUS, Lets. =Myosorrs, Ff. Marshy sea-banks, Oldcambus. 4; Kirpyi, Dalbm. In damp and marshy ground, Old- cambus and Penmanshiel. us oppuctus, Harti. One on sea-banks among grass, Oldcambus, June. Mr. Cameron obtained it at Rannoch in June; and also near Glasgow. - VIRESCENS, Hartig. I bred a number from pupze dug from decayed wood of sallows, and from old birch stumps near the sallows where the caterpillars had fed; Red Clues Cleugh near Penmanshiel. Puytioroma vaGans, Fall.=MELANopyGA, Klug. One among birch trees, Penmanshiel. Mr. Cameron found it in Rannoch. ArHatiA Rosa, LZ. I noted this species this year both to be early in its advent and also late in disappearing. The first were observed on the sea-banks, resting on walls, April 21st ; the latest, October 15th. The adjoining fields were much in- fested with wild mustard, which may have formed the induce- ment toits presence there. Mr. Cameron has given its history, ‘‘ Scottish Naturalist,’’ ii., p. 197. s, spInARUM, /ub. I am not acquainted either with the larva or imago of this species, but it has occurred, in former years, on this place. In 1859 some acres of turnips at Old- cambus were destroyed by the ‘ black caterpillar,” andin July of that year it was becoming very hurtful on the ‘Tower farm, where gas-lime was applied to effect a cure. At Hutton Hall Barns, also, several acres were lost by its ravages. Quick- lime was employed as a deterrent. SELANDRIA MELANOCEPHALA, Hartig.=Sauicis, D. G. nec L. Bred from willows. Hemicuroa Aunt, Z. A single example beaten from a birch, at Penmanshiel. Rare. ALLANTUs ARcUATUs, Jorst. On umbelliferous plants, every- where. cinctus, Ps. Oldcambus, Howpark wood, Swinton PERINEURA NASSATA, LZ. Oldcambus, June. TENTHREDO LivipA, Z, ‘Trees, Oldcambus and Penmanshiel ; also the black variety. atra, LZ. On birches, Penmanshiel: MESOMELA, Z.=viripis, Alwg, Among grass and hazel and willow bushes, Oldcambus. ” 326 Mr. J. Hardy on Berwickshire Insects. TENTHREDO PAvIDA, Fab. Oldcambus and Penmanshiel. In July, 1866, I observed the female depositing its eggs on the leaves of Ranunculus acris. * DIMIDIATA, fab. On birch, Penmanshiel. “3 LATERALIS, Hab. Two on grass on the moor between Penmanshiel and Oldcambus. i BALTEATA, Klug. On birch at Penmanshiel. Pacuyprorasis Rapa, LZ. Penmanshiel, Oldcambus, and Tower dean ; on trees. STRONGYLOGASTER cinGuLATUS, ub. Sea-banks at Oldcambus, and again at Penmanshiel. PacILosoMA PULVERATUM, etz. Only a single example, on alder near Penmanshiel, in June. Doers coracinus, Klug. Oldcambus. Srrex Gieas, Z. Mr. W. Shaw has sent me a very fine speci- men, captured near Ayton, It may have originated from foreign timber. When recording the example obtained at Langleyford, I had not remarked that Mr. Selby had formerly obtained one from Warenford. See Club’s ‘ Hist.,” vol, iii., p. 96. ACULEATA. Bomsvs tariparivs. I fell in with a strong “‘ bike” of the red- tailed ‘‘ Bummie,”’ in summer, under the floor of an outhouse, to which it gained admittance under the door. I did not pay attention to the autumnal diminution of their numbers till October 21, when they were reduced to two small queens and a single worker. The queens were up early and carrying; but the worker had crawled out of doors in a drowsy, dying state. Being replaced in its hole, it revived, and issued forth merrily ; but next day it was torpid as before, as well as one of the queens. I restored both to their nest, but did not ob- serve any after the 23rd. HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA. Payviiaruis Faci, Z. Mr. Stevenson brought examples of this cottony-covered Aphis to the Foulden meeting, found near Donse. Hyatorrerus Arunpinis, Fab. I noticed several colonies on leaves of Arundo Phragmitis on the Tweed, in September, 1873. DIPTERA. Nemotetvs nierinus, Full. Tower dean; and also at Penman- shiel. OxycERA MuscARIA, Fub. In Tower dean, above the Pease mill, resting on alders; apparently both flies are unrecorded as Scottish. 327 Localities for some Border Plants. By ANDREW KELLY, Rumex Arrinus. Among the lonely glades of the Kast Water, Lauderdale. Myrica Gate. Borthwick Shiels. Dwarfish straggling bushes, now and then inclining to a thicket. I have sought for this plant in the high Lammermoors as yet in vain. UTRIcULARIA VULGARIS. In the autumn of 1870, I found great quantities of this curious aquatic drifted to the water edge, at the loch at Newhouses, Hawick. The metamorphosed leaves attached to the roots had singularly large bladders, but not one of them contained insects. Mit1um errusum. In moist, shady woods, Thirlestane Castle, and Blackadder woods; not rare. This grass has such a bold and striking character, that when once known, it can never be mistaken, even ata distance. Itis of a bright apple green colour in summer, and in winter pales down to a straw colour. CarEx PALUDOSA. Moist banks below Allanton Bridge. » RipartA. In the same locality, abundant. ‘The fertile spikelets are perfectly black, angular, and pointed, thus dis- tinguishing them effectually from those of paludosa, which are very obtuse. I see, too, that the upper spikelet is the only one that flowers out; the others flowering only at or about the middle, the black sharp points being left barren. OsmUNDA REGALIS. Moist, boggy spot at the side of a natural wood, near Spottiswood; rare. [This is now the only Ber- wickshire locality, the Coldingham moor plant having been taken away. | Inst of Plants found at various dates. By J. A. ERSKINE STUART, Chirnside. Aconitum Napetius. Ina wood below Ale Mill; Aug., 1874. Saciva Noposa. Ale Water, below Bee-edge; Aug., 1874. SrepuM TELEPHIUM. Side of burn at Burnhouses; April, 1873. Visurnum Oputus. Ale Water, below Bee-edge; Aug., 1874. CALAMINTHA CLINOPoDIUM. Banks of Ale Water below Ale Mill; Aug., 1874. PuantTaco MARITIMA. On Ale Water several miles from sea- coast; Aug., 1874. AspLtenium TRicHoMANES. In great beauty on the Ale Water below Bee-edge. Some of the fronds were about a foot in length. Aug., 1874. SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. Near Chirnside this has within the last few years been picked in many places. Ithas been found in wells at Hutton Hall and Foulden West Mains; also, on walls at Maines, Easter Harelaw, Whitehall, Blackadder, and Chirnside Bridge. 328 Contributions to the Entomology of the Cheviot Hills. No. V. By JAMES Harpy. My collection of Insects in the Cheviot district, when I visited it in the beginning of June, consisted principally of Saw-flies. Although there were only six collecting days, and some of them windy and chill, and the yield conse- quently appeared insignificant, several new insects to the district were secured ; along with others never before seen on the same well-searched tracts. In some localities, such as Yeavering wood, insects were very scarce. | was pro- bably too early for high lying places exposed to the north. COLEOPTERA. CARABUS NEMORALIS, Dull. Thisis common among stones on the dry slopes of the Sneer hill, facing Langleyford vale ; also near Earle Mill. OLIsToPpHus RoTUNDATUS, Payk. Ihave seldom seen this moor- land beetle more abundant than under small stones at the top of Newton Tor, where it associated with the hill Bradycell. Prerosticuus orrnomus, Steph. Several at the top of Newton Tor. It hybernates, like the Carabi, in an oval cell under stones at the tops of Cheviot and Hedgehope. LATHROBIUM MULTIPUNCTATUM, Grav. One in ant’s nest, at the foot of Watch Law, Common Burn. MycrrorHacus MuLtipunctatus, Lub.: One by sweeping, side of Harthope burn, near Langleyford meadows. Metotontua vuicaris, Fab. I never till this season saw the Cockchafer in North Northumberland, although Mr. Selby records it for Twizell. There were only five or six examples altogether on different days, which I beat from oaks in the wood above Caldgate Mill, and again in Middleton wood, which lies further up on the south bank of Wooler Water. Nor did I ever find it abundant at Gibside, where the climate is more genial. It still holds true, asin the time of Wallis, that ‘‘ we have few chafers, even in the hottest summers ; sel- dom more than a pair being seen at a time.” (‘‘Hist. Northd.,” i, p. 865). A few have been taken about Chirnside, in Ber- wickshire. June. PHYLLOPERTHA HORTICOLA, LZ. I was glad also to welcome this small gay-coloured chafer—‘ the Bracken-Clock,’”’ so abun- dant about Gibside and by the Derwent—to the borders of the Wooler Water, where it occurred on the trees and bushes on both the Middleton Hall and Middleton sides, and followed up Old Middleton dean to the top. It has been recorded for Holy Island, Twizell, and theriver Glen. June. Mr. Hardy on the Entomology of the Cheviots. 329 Arnovs virtatus, 2ub. I observed this just emerged from the pupa state, under a stone near the junction of Broadstruther and Common burns. Many other Elaters may be found in this condition in the bogs on the moors. Metanotvs Frutvires, Herbst. I dug nearly a dozen perfect in- sects from a decayed alder, opposite Middleton Hall ground, on the south side of the water, where I had previously noticed the larva. Thisis new to Northumberland, and the Gates- head locality still remains the only one for Durham. ‘‘ Cata- logue of the Insects of Northumberland and Durham,” p. 150, There I found it in oaks, ashes, and willows. TELEPHORUS ABDOMINALIS, Jub. This fine insect was seen in several localities: Lillburn, at South Middleton dean ; Middle- ton Hall wood; Langlee wood. A rusticus, Mall. Old Middleton wood. cLYPEATUS, Jd. Old Middleton wood. SALPINGUS HRATUS, Duls. Old Middleton wood. seus Coryui, LZ. I found two of this very rare insect on hazel in Yeavering wood. Several of the bundles in which it deposits its eggs were attached to the foliage, being portions of the leaves loosely wrapped. Itis unrecorded for Northum- berland. I have only met with it, long ago, in Penmanshiel wood, before the hazels were thinned out of it, The specimen long stood in Dr. Johnston’s collection. Ruyncuites nanus, Payk. One on a willow in Middleton Hall lower wood. It is more frequent in Berwickshire. ms ZNEOVIRENS, Larsh. I found a large family of this local species feeding on the buds and young leaves of oak, in Old Middleton wood, where I had previously beat it out of hazel, on which it had probably dropped from the oaks above. Macparinvs CARBONARIUS, LZ, I obtained a considerable number of specimens from birch, in several spots above Langleyford. It prefers the skirts of the wood. ‘There is a great variety in size. Catiopes Grant, Park. On Geranium sylvaticum, Middleton Hall lower wood, ORCHESTES SCUTELLARIS, /ub, In Yeavering wood, on alder, where I originally found it; also above Langleyford. Tacuyerces Saricis, L. Yeavering wood. Liopus NEBULOsSUS. L. . Middleton Hall lower wood. CuRYSOMELA FAsTUOSA, LZ. This brilliant insect is common in Berwickshire; but hitherto Twizell is the only recorded locality for Northumberland. This year I found it on Lamium album in a lane in the field called Gamesley, at the top of the town of Wooler. ApimoniA Cratanci, Horst. This has hitherto only been noticed at Twizell. This year it occurred among hawthorn all along 330 Mr. Hardy on the Entomology of the Cheviots. the banks of the Wooler Water, from Careburn Bridge to Caldgate Mill. GALERUCA TENELLA, L, Among dwarf Salix auritain an open glade above Langleyford, accompanied by Adimonia Capree. HYMENOPTERA. TENTHREDINIDA. TRICHIOSOMA LUCoRUM, L. On birch in Yeavering wood. Hytotoma ustuntaTa, LZ. Again at Langleyford, in June, on leaves of birch. Nematus DrceEri1, lug. Very common on birch above Lang- leyford. [This ranks as a species of Dineura. | ‘5 PAPILLOsUS, fefz. On grass, Caldgate Mill; and near Langleyford by the side of Harthope burn. . Krrsyi, Dim. On grass, Yeavering wood and haugh near Old Middleton wood. by VENTRALIS, Ps.=apBpominauis, Fall. On alders at Yeavering wood. Mr. Cameron found this at Rannoch in the same month. a5 Lutevs, fab. On alders at Lillburn, at South Middle- ton dean; near Middleton Hall lower wood; below Caldgate Mill; Yeavering wood ; Langleyford. Rumicis, Fall. = Carrem, Hartig. Old Middleton wood, by the water-side. 53 Saticeti, Fall., var. mucronatus, Hartig. Hovering about Salix aurita, above Langleyford. af HIsTRIO,. St. Farg.=RvurFEscEens, Hartig. One example of this fine species beat from Sala aquatica at the side of Hart- hope burn, in Langleyford meadows. According to Mr. Cameron, the larva feeds on Salix fragilis. DrivevrA sTILATA, Alug. At Langleyford and Old Middleton wood. Mr. Cameron records it for the first time as British in “ Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine’’ for August, p. 65. He found it on Pyrus aucuparia. conacER, fab. Old Middleton wood. a VESTIGIALIS, Klug. From alders on the upper Lill burn. Lypa sytyatica, Z. From alders on the Lill burn; also below Caldgate Mill, », DEPRESSA, Klug. On alders and oaks; Old Middleton wood; Lill burn; among wild roses, Langlee. ACULEATA. Vespa vutearis, L. Being on the top of Hedgehope, September 16, I observed a very large female wasp seeking for its hiding-piace among the stones that form the cairn at the apex, which is probably the barrow of some old British chieftain. It is singular that it should select the most bleak position in Northumberland for a hybernaculum. There is no danger of mice devouring it there, and its sleep would be profound and lasting ; and perhaps these are advantages even to a wasp, Bomsus seniuis, Fab. In the meadow below Old Middleton Wood ; a very fine example. HEMIPTERA HETEROPTERA. AcantHosoma Pictum, Vewm. Another example was found in June on the same birch that furnished one last year at Yeaver- ing wood. I also found it at Penmanshiel in June. Lamproprax Piceus, Flor.=L. Suarri, Doug. and Scott. See “ Hint. Mo. Mag.,” xi, p. 184. Sides of Wooler Water above Earle Mill. 1Q 332 Mr. Hardy on the Entomology of the Cheviots. Macrocotsevus HaArpyi, Bold, ‘‘ Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland and Durham,” iv., p. 358 (1872).=M. moxuicutus, Full. The specimens were only the last, in very fine condition. Douglas and Scott, ib.. p. 185. From Tansy on the river Glen near Coupland. Derxocoris Frornicatus, Doug. and Scott. ‘ Brit. Hemipt.,” 329, sp.‘11. “Me. Scott in ‘ Hnt: Mo. Mag,” xi:.) pias inserts a note signifying that owing to somo specimens ‘‘sent by the late Mr. T. J. Bold, and taken, I believe, by Mr. Hardy on or in the neighbourhood of the Cheviots, I have been enabled to satisfy myself that the above insect is merely a northern form of D. striatellus. The series consisted of the reddish-yellow type form, with all intermediate varieties. It will be necessary, therefore, to refer the name as a synonym to D. striatellus.”’ The specimens referred to were beaten from oaks in Old Middleton wood. ORTHOSTIRA MACROPHTHAIMA, /%eb, This is described by Messrs. Douglas and Scott in ‘‘ Ent. Mo. Mag.,” xi,, p. 173, from a single undeveloped example, which has already appeared in the Cheviot list, first,as O.cervina, and second, as O. mgrina, with neither of which it agrees. Taken in August, 1871, among moors on the top of Cheviot, and not Cold Martin Moss as I had at first supposed. r Satpa vestita, Douglas. This species was recorded last year. Mr. Douglas describes it in ‘‘ Hnt. Mo. Mag.,” xi., p. 11. He refers it mistakingly to the Tyneside district; it being taken on the Wooler Water, and the Glen near Coupland. HEMIPTERA HOMOPTERA. StrroncyLocEPHALUs MxrcEruet, /%eb. Mr. Scott describes this in ‘‘ Ent. Mo. Mag.,” xi. p. 122, from two specimens sent to him by my late friend, Mr, T. J. Bold. It so happens that Mr. Bold sent to Mr. Scott for determination an Acocephalus, which is recorded in our lists as sp. incog., in 1871, Vol. vi., p. 263, As this has not been reported on, I take it for granted that there is every likelihood that these are the specimens Mr. Scott has described, which, owing to Mr. Scott’s absence in Spain, had lain unexamined till recently. The new genus is founded on Acocephalus. IfI am correct, the insect was collected on some of the porphyrytic hills near Wooler. : TRIECPHORA SANGUINOLENTA, Z. Of this rare and brightly- painted insect, I took one among grass and ferns at the bottom of Old Middleton wood. It has a powerful flight, and its size and colouring led me, at the first glance, to imagine that it was a Burnet Moth. After I had secured it, it was constantly attempting to get out of the bottle, like all its kind. I saw another in a bog farther up, but its motions were too rapid to Mr. Hardy on the Entomology of the Cheviots. 333 permit of capture. I have another example, which Mr. Hislop took in the west of Berwickshire. This fine insect is not recorded in any of Mr. Bold’s lists as Northumbrian, but may occur in some of the older Newcastle collections. APHIDA. StpponopHorA Prnarcont, alt. On Mallows by the side of the Brewery road, Wooler; wingless and winged females. PuHoropon Humuut, Schrank. Most abundant on Sloe-thorn at sides of the haugh Old Middleton wood. APHIS DILINEATA, Buchkton. On the Moss-rose in a garden at Wooler, both the wingless and winged females. This is an undescribed species, and is named from the double dorsal green stripes. » Papi, £. Abundant on the Bird Cherry in South Middleton dean; also in Middleton Hall lower wood, where it also frequents the Viburnum Opulus, after deserting its first food plant. } », uuycunipis, Z. Very abundant on Lychnis diurna, near Caldgate Mill. Lacunvs Junieeri, fub. Very abundant on Junipers on the dry Middleton banks, and still more so on those equally dry on Ilderton moor, on the south side of the Lill-burn. There were wingless and winged females present. Vast numbers of Ants (Formica fusca) attended some of the bushes, for sake of the honey-dew. Others swarmed with Szbio Johannis, B. Maret, and other species. Kaltenbach says he never found this species on naked heights or exposed plains; it usually affects warm, damp places. This is quite contrary to my experience. In Berwickshire, where it also occurs, the Junipers grow on the driest banks, and are rarely sheltered. TRAMA FORMICARIA, Aalt. In ant’s nests at the root of Holcus mollis at the side of a ditch, in a bog near Newton Tor; again at the roots of Anthoxanthum odoratum and Carex dioica, at the base of Watch Law; along with Formica umbrata; and very abundant in nests of Mormica fusca, at the roots of Festuca, in a plantation on Whiteside Hill. I believe there is another white species along with it at Watch Law, but the specimens were too juvenile. ‘The ants usually scamper off and leave the Aphides to their fate, especially the fusca. The wmbrata several times laid hold of them to transport them out of view, as it would do to its own cocoons. The open spaces in the runs of the ants permit freedom to the Aphids to multiply, and to pro- cure its food most readily. The ants and Aphids are associated on terms of mutual accommodation. » Ravicts, Aalt. Thisisa white somewhat globular Aphis, surrounded with much cottony exudation. Mr. Buckton, who examined it, says, ‘‘it has a long proboscis, but not so long as 334 Obituary Notice of Dr. G. R. Tate. Kaltenbach’s specimens.” It was abundant in little patches at the roots of Poa pratensis under flat sandstones, in a wood on Whiteside Hill, in June. Forpa mMArcinata, Hoch. This is a yellow Aphis, drawn out at the two extremities, and is also surrounded by a cottony exudation. Found at roots of Poa annua, on earth-coped stone walls on the road-side near Cold Martin Moss. Not recorded as British. COCCIDA. Lecanium Brerutm, Z. On twigs of birch at Broadstruther wood, and also at Penmanshiel. a Atnt, Modeer. This brown scale closely resembles the preceding. On twigs of alder at the Lill- burn. . Caprem, L.? By this I intend a small white mussel- shaped scale, abundant on the trunks and twigs of all our grey sallows, both in Berwickshire and in the Cheviots. In the present state of science we can only record Coccide from the trees or plants they frequent; hence this may have another name than I have assigned to it. Coccus Tuymt, Schrank? There is a minute species, accompanied by a white exudation, at the roots of Thymus Serpyllum, at the base of Watch Law, rear the junction ot Common and Broad- struther burns. It was too immature for preservation. DIPTERA. Beris vatLata, Forster, Foliage of trees, Old Middleton wood. Obituary Notice of George Ralph Tate, M_D., F.LS. GEORGE RautpH Tate, M.D., born at Alnwick, March 27th, 1835, was the eldest son of the late George Tate, F.G.S. He received his education at the Grammar School, Alnwick. Even when a boy he was very studious, and a constant companion of his father, into whose scientific pursuits he entered with the freshness of youthful ardour, more especi- ally in the branches of Botany and Conchology. The former engaged his special attention, and in the end became to him more a pleasure than a study. When quite a boy his knowledge of the plants in the neighbourhood of his native town was very extensive. Obituary Notice of Dr. G. R. Tate. 335 In 1850, he entered the Edinburgh University as a student of Medicine,and when there was always regular and studious. His proficiency in the literary department favourably im- pressed the different professors whom he attended. In the Medical classes he took the gold medal for botany in 1853, and was for some time “dresser” to Professor Syme, and also to Dr. Dunsmure. He passed successfully his examina- tion for surgeon’s degree in 1855, and was then fully prepared for the examination for M.D.; but being only nineteen, he was under age. A letter written at that period, by one well acquainted with him, congratulates his father upon the honourable position in which his son was placed, on his passing his examination as a surgeon: “ It is no more than what I expected, from the many opportunities I had, both privately and practically, of estimating the ex- tent and soundness of his views. His upright character has always elicited my warmest admiration, and I am confident he will be as much respected for his moral worth, as I trust he will be for his professional.” Dr. Johnston also ex- pressed his conviction that he was destined to an honour- able career: “There is no doubt of the well-doing of your son. He has the right look, and feeling, and talent—and he cannot go wrong.” Fortunately at the time of his attaining the surgeon’s degree, there was a vacancy in the office of house-surgeon to the Alnwick Infirmary, for which he applied; and was successful in getting the appointment, remaining in it until 1858. When thus engaged, becoming of full age, he went to Edinburgh for the degree of M.D. His leaving the Infirmary was very much regretted. He had gained the respect and esteem of all classes, and more especially the patients, who greatly felt his loss. Asa parting testimonial they presented him with a gold watch on his departure to enter the army. This he did in 1858, as assistant-surgeon in the Royal Artillery. In this capacity he was moved about to many different stations, both in England and Ire- land ; but he was never in any active service. He was in Hong Kong two years, having gone out with his brigade in 1862. His letters and diaries describing Chinese scenery, manners, and customs, are interesting. He also studied the botany of Hong Kong, and made a collection of plants in the province of Shantung, of which the botany is almost unknown. These are contained in the national collection at Kew, and 336 Obituary Notice of Dr. G. R. Tate. when the flora of China is written, will be a valuable con- tribution towards it ; and this will be, no doubt, his most important service to science. A few butterflies and shells were the only other objects in Natural History that he brought. j After returning to England he had three months’ leave of absence, and then joined a Brigade in the Isle of Wight, where he remained for some time. He married, August 2nd, 1866, Miss Way, eldest daughter of David Way, Esq., Afton, Isle of Wight. Mrs Tate was an excellent botanist, and assisted her husband in all his researches and wander- ings after plants. Dr. Tate’s observational powers appear to have been kept in prompt exercise wherever he moved. In August, 1852, he discovered Asplenium alternifoliwm on Kyloe Crags, a novelty to that part of the district. It is recorded in the Club’s “ Proce.,” Vol. iii., p. 102. He was also fond of angling, and it was while pursuing this recreation on the river Glen that, on the 24th May, 1866, he ascended Yeavering Bell, and re-discovered Pyrola secunda, and also noticed Cicuta virosa in some of the ditches about Ewart. (Club’s “ Pro- ceedings,” v., p. 273). Mr. Baker, of Kew, in a letter says, he spent some months in the Isle of Wight, in 1867, and then enjoyed much of Dr. Tate’s company, and that they had several excursions together. “He botanized a good deal in the Isle of Wight, but the ground had been too thoroughly searched for him to add much. The best find he and [ made together was Cineraria cam- pestris, of which there was an old record, but which Brom- field and More had never chanced to meet with. His Isle of Wight discoveries were communicated to Mr. A. G. More, and by him published in his. Supplement to Bromfield’s ‘Flora Vectensis,’ which came out in our ‘Journal of Botany.’ ” He was ordered to Gosport in 1868, and when acting professionally, caught a severe cold, which brought on a disease that quite invalided him and rendered bim unfit for duty. He was therefore put on permanent half-pay. From Gosport he returned to the Isle of Wight for a time. He then shifted to Torquay, where he remained for two years, but the climate proved unsuitable to him. He and his family removed to Fareham, in Hants, in 1872, where his health gradually declined. In 1873 he had an attack of Obituary Notice of Dr. G. R. Tate. 337 paralysis, from which he never recovered, and he died of apoplexy, 23rd September, 1874. With much natural ability, and an acute and cultivated mind, Dr. Tate was capable not only of diffusing but also of augmenting science; but lacking robust health, although he kept up his studies to the close, he had not the physical energy requisite to complete his designs. For this reason his writings were not numerous. He was elected a member of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club in 1852, and in 1857 wrote for the Proceedings a “Catalogue of Land and Fresh-water Mollusca found in the immediate neighbourhood of Alnwick,” and in 1863 “Notes on the Botany of the Cheviots.” He likewise contributed very minute and pains- taking lists of the Plants and Mollusca of the vicinity of Alnwick to his father’s elaborate History of their native place. In conjunction with J. G. Baker, Esq., F.LS. (Assistant Curator of the Kew Herbarium), he wrote, in 1867, a “Flora of Northumberland and Durham” for the Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club—a valuable work of reference to Border botanists. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnzan Society, June 17th, 1869, but contributed nothing to the Transactions or Journal of that learned body. When in the Isle of Wight he commenced a book which he proposed to call “ A Handbook of British Medical Botany,’ and wrought at it for three winters till 1872, but health failing, he was obliged to relinquish it. When at Torquay he formed a collection of the Mollusca of the neighbourhood, which is now placed in a cabinet in his house at Fareham. His valuable herbarium, to which he was constantly adding, contains about 1600 specimens of British plants. The collection and arrangement of it were the work and delight of a life-time. Mrs Tate, two sons, and a daughter survive him. 398 Biographical Notice of A. Jerdon, Esq. By Str WALTER, Euiot, K.C.S8.1., F.L.S. LITTLE more than a year has elapsed since a memoir of the late Dr. T. C. Jerdon was read to the members of the Club, and now we are called upon to record the loss of his brother, —then in the full enjoyment of health, giving promise of enriching our “ Proceedings” for many years with the results of his useful investigations, and of enlivening our meetings by his genial and welcome presence. Archibald Jerdon, younger son of the late Archibald Jerdon, of Bonjedward, was born there on the 21st Septem- ber, 1819. His mother, Elizabeth Sarah Milner, was the daughter of Mr. Milner, of Whitley, in the county of Durham, whose brother, Charles Milner, of Biddick Hall, for many years managed the extensive estates of the Lamb- ton family, now Earls of Durham. He was educated in Edinburgh, at the Academy, on leaving which he prosecuted his studies under a private tutor, at the same time attending classes at the College, in particular those of Natural and Physical Science. The delicacy of his constitution in his earlier years was the cause of some difficulty in the choice of a profession. After hesitating between the career of a civil engineer and an Indian cadetship, he began to study agriculture under the Rev. James Traill, of Haddington, who rented the farm of Pappel-Westmains, in that neighbourhood. But shortly afterwards the state of his father’s health obliged him to re- turn to Bonjedward, where he took charge of the home farm. Meantime Mr. Jerdon had obtained the appointment of Collector of Inland Revenue and Distributor of Stamps for the county, on the death of Mx. Riddell, and an arrangement was made in 1841 by which he resigned these offices in favour of his son, who held them, together with that of Collector of County Rates, to which he was elected in 1868, during the rest of his life. After the death of both his parents, about the end of 1842, the family estate was sold; and at Whitsunday, 1845, he took up his abode at Lintalee, near Jedburgh, whence he removed to Mossburnford, in 1848. There, in April, 1853, he married, and the following year changed his residence to’ Jedfoot. On leaving this house, which was required by the proprietor, in 1868, he resided for two Biographical Notice of A. Jerdon, by Sir W. Elliot. 339 years at Melrose, previous to the purchase of the villa of Allerly, near Jedburgh, where, after a painful and lingering illness, borne with christian fortitude and resignation, he died, on the 28th January, 1874. This simple record of an uneventful life would have called for little remark, especially in the case of one so modest and unpretending, but for his persistent and enthusiastic devo- tion to the study of Nature. From his earliest years he evinced a love of Natural History. His boyish tastes, en- couraged by his father, were developed by the instructions of Professors Graham and Jameson ; and as soon as he left College he began to note the habits of birds and animals, and to make himself acquainted with the plants and flowers of his native glens. From 1843 to 1857, he used to communicate the results of these observations from time to time in the Zoologist; and, in like manner, to the Phytologist, from 1847 till that serial ceased to appear in 1863. In 1845, he joined the Club; but having afterwards be- come disconnected with it, he was re-admitted in 1862, and in 1865 was chosen President for the ensuing year, attending the meetings at Eglingham, Harlston, and Kelso, where he delivered his closing address on the 27th September, 1866. The duties of his office necessarily kept him much at home, but he seldom failed to utilize his annual holiday in the cause of science. Some of the happiest occasions of his life were those devoted to botanical excursions with friends of congenial tastes. His health and strength improved as he grew older, and he became one of the most active and untiring explorers in these pedestrian excursions. I am indebted to one of his most frequent companions on these expeditions for the following graphic sketch :—< No one enjoyed a short holiday in search of plants more than he did; whenever he could get away for a week from business, his wish was always to get among the hills and rocks where he could follow out his favorite study. One of his favourite places was Killin, as it suited well as a centre from which to ramble over the Braedalbane range. Ben Lawers, of course, having the name of being the richest and most productive mountain in Scotland, was often visited ; and I believe scarcely a nook or cranny there has escaped his keen eye. Craigchalliach was also a special favorite of his: and I shall never forget the delight of my friend on one occasion on discovering a moss (Leskea rufes- LR 340 Biographical Notice of A. Jerdon, by Sir W. Elliot. cens) in fruit, near the original station discovered by Drs. Arnott and Greville ; which, however, since their day, had never been seen in fruit by any botanist in Britain. Clova was also a place he liked well, and I believe he has gathered all the rare plants found in that rich locality ; he was a capital mountaineer, and not even the steep sides of Glen Dole could prevent him from attaining his object. The Spittal of Glenshee was another place where I have had the pleasure of spending many happy days with him. It wasa convenient station from which to visit Camlochan Glen, which was a great favorite, and also Glass Meal and Glen Callater on the Braemar side of the hill, all of which are well known to botanists as being rich in rarities. Tyndrum was also another good locality which he frequently visited ; and Inverarnan at the head of Loch Lomond, and at the foot of Ben Voirlich, was also a place which he delighted much in, and many mosses were discovered by him in that locality which had not been gathered elsewhere. The beautiful and picturesque Glen of the Trosachs, along with the heights of Ben Venue, had all been carefully examined -by him. I think one of the last rambles we ever had together was to Teesdale. It had been his first visit there, and you may judge of his delight at seeing such a number of plants which were quite new to him, and which were unknown in Scotland. We saw there for the first time the lovely blue Gentiana verna and Primula farimosa, both growing in abundance. It was a sight never to be forgotten, and towards the end of his life he often recalled the pleasure that visit had given him, when looking at these plants, brought from thence, growing in his own garden at home. While thus delighting to visit localities at a distance, he had, however, not neglected to explore thoroughly all the hills and glens in his own neighbourhood. He had gone over the whole range of the Cheviots, and had also investigated all the smaller hills in the district. On the Dunion and on Ruberslaw he had discovered many good Fungi, as well as Mosses, some of them, I believe, new to Britain. I have known Archibald Jerdon for at least twenty years, and I may say that a pleasanter companion, a more upright and honorable man, or a kinder and truer-hearted friend I never knew.” He thus acquired a very competent knowledge of the Flora of the Borders, and even of many parts of Scotland Biographical Notice of A. Jerdon, by Sir W. Elliot. 341 beyond them, which enabled him to enlarge the number of species already included in the local lists, and to add new habitats to those previously recorded, several of which are given on his authority in Duncan’s “ List of Indigenous Plants,” appended to Jeffrey’s History of Roxburghshire, Vol. iv. Whiist residing at Mossburnford, he began to interest himself more particularly in Cryptogamic botany, and in March, 1857, he forwarded a short list of Fungi to the Phytologist, apologisimg for its imperfection, as he was “but a tyro in mycology,” but at the same time commend- ing the investigation of “these lower forms of the vegetable world to those who lke himself may have pretty well worked out the Phenogamous flora of a district and are desirous of continuing their botanical researches.” The ardour with which he entered on this new field brought him into frequent communication with some of the most distinguished botanists of the day, by his intercourse with whom he was fortunate in adding several new species to science, some of which were named in honor of their discoverer*, For several years he kept up a continued correspondence with the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, beginning in July, 1850+. Most of the letters are too technical to quote, but a few extracts are added as specimens :—“ Your Spheria is the same with a species in my herbarium from Dr. Bad- ham. It is unpublished, and as I have examined it in company with Mr. Currey, who is staying with me, we have named it S. Jerdoni, Berk. and Currt . . 8S. nigerrima was first named Dothidia Jerdont. It was published as S. nigerruma by Mr.Currey.§ (King’s Cliff, Aug., 1859.)” Again, “Mr. Broome has been staying a few days with me, and amongst other things we have studied your two Spheria with long ostiola on Acer plantaoides and July 28. Yetholm Ae a Aug. 25. Alnwick .... a 3 Sept. 29. 349 MEMBERS ELECTED IN 1874. ORDINARY MEMBERS, Rev. Beverley S. Wilson, Duddo, Norham. Captain Charles Gandy, Barndale, Alnwick. Robert Gray, F.R.S.E., 13, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh. Robert F. Logan, Duddingston, and 4, Picardy Place, Edinburgh. Lieut.-Col. William Crossman, Royal Engineers, Horse Guards, London. . Captain F. M. Norman, R.N., 7, Shore Street, North Berwick. William Willoby, Berwick. Philip W. T. Warren, M.A., Royal Grammar School, Berwick. James Brown, Kelloe House, Edrom. James Hastie, Edrington, Berwick, and 305, High Street, Wap- ping, London, E. George Muirhead, Paxton House, Berwick. Thomas Henderson, Middlethird, Gordon, and St. John’s College, Cambridge. J. B. Kerr, Commercial Bank, Kelso. Edward Liddell, Morris Hall, Norham. Rev. Archibald Bissett, Foulden, Berwick. William Elliot, Benrig, St. Boswell’s. Samuel Grierson, M.D., District Asylum, Melrose. Rain Fall at Glanton Pyke, Northumberland, in 1874. communicated by FREDK. J. W. CoLLINGwoop, Esq. ; and at Lilburn Tower, Northumberland : communicated by EDWARD J. COLLINGWOOD, Esq. GLANTON PYKE. LILBURN TOWER. Inches. Inches. January - 2°20. January - - 1:335 February - 1°75. February - 1:508 March - - 1:845. March - - 1:842 April - - 1585. April |); - - 0°886 May - -- 1:28. _| May - - 2°090 June - - 1615. June - == 0-000 July - - 2145. July >= =verl993 August - 4°35. August - - 3163 September - 2°6675. September - 1:250 October - 1°7275. October - seg oe November - 2°6875. November - 4018 December - 1:97'5. December - 3437 Motal =) 95:78'5. Total - 24-231 Rain Gauge—Diameter of Funnel, 8in. ; Height of Top above Ground, 4 ft. 32 in.; above Sea Level, 517 ft. Rain Gauge—Diameter of Funnel, 10in. square; Height of Top above Ground, 6ft. ; above Sea Level, 300ft. 350 Register of Rain Fall in 1874, kept at Springwood Park, Kelso, Roxburghshire. By GEORGE WEMYSS. | E | Jan. lyon. Man! Avs. May.'JunE.|JULY. A | PMs, a) deat. eine ata ay 1 | 0°30 0-17 | 0-02 | 0-21 | 0°17 2 0-24 0°48 3 | 0-02 0°16 | 0-08 0:02 4 0-10 5) 0°12 | 0°12 | 0:05 6 0:05 7 0-02 0 07 | 0-22 8 | 0-01 0-02 | 0-06 9 0-02 10 0°08 | 0:08 | 0-14 11 0-04 12 -| 0:06 0°28 | 0-02 0-18 13 | 9°10 | 0-04 | 0:09 14 0-11 0:03 | 0-26 0°63 16 0-31 | 0-10 16 | 0-11 | 0-01 | 0°01 17 | 0°10 18 |,0°21 0-03 | 0-02 19 | 0°15 0-12 0:02 20 0°04 0:19 21 0°20 0-08 22 0:03 0:07 | 0°10 | 0°83 23 0°31 | 0:07 24 0°28 0°12 25 0-04 1-01 | 0-09 26 0-77 0:08 | 0:07 27 0°08 0:02 28 0-11 0-40 29 0:05 0°21 | 0:02 | 0°36 30 0°17 31 0°15 1-06 | 1-80 | 0-90 a ee 3-08 Latitude, 55° 36’ 2”; Longitude, 6’ 48”. Ave. |Szpt.| Ocr. | Nov.| Dzc. ie |) itt. 0°72 0-10 | 0:14 0°10 | 0°29 0-71 5°10 | 2°21 in. | tn, {ane 0-20 | 0°16 0:04 | 0:26 0:02 0°02 0:06 | 0°48 | 0°24 280 | 4:29 | 2°96 Time of Observation, 9 a.m. Height of Receiver of Rain Gauge above Ground, 1 foot ; above Sea Level, 130 feet. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BERWICKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ CLUB. Address delivered to the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, at Alnwick, September, 29th, 1875. By the Rev. JoHN F. Biccs, M.A., Stamfordham, President. GENTLEMEN, BEFORE resigning my office, as your President, and giving a detailed account of the different meetings held by the Club this year, I must express to you my grateful thanks for having placed me in this honourable position, which was most unexpected on my part; and I also thank you for your kindness and hospitality shown to me during my year of office. I much regret that I was unable to attend the annual meeting last year at Kelso, and the first meeting this year, being at the time at Hastings ; but thanks to our excellent and most painstaking secretaries, | am able to give an account of those days’ proceedings from their copious notes. Without further preface I shall take up the proceedings of the Club. On Thursday, 25th September, 1874, the final meeting of the Club for the season was held at Kelso, when there was a large attendance of members. By the kind invitation of B.N.C.—VOL. VII. NO, IIL. ls 352 Anniversary Address. Sir George H. S. Douglas, Bart., M.P., the members of the Club had breakfast at Springwood Park. Among those present were Dr. Robson Scott, President; Mr. James Hardy, Secretary ; Mr. R. Middlemas, Treasurer of the Club; Sir George Douglas, Professor Balfour, Messrs. J. H. Scott Douglas, D. Milne Home, Captain Milne Home, M.P., Sheriff Russell, John B. Boyd, James Johnston, Chief Magistrate of Kelso; Rev. Messrs. Stobbs, Lamb, Macalister, Paul, Graham, M‘Kerron; Dr. Turnbull, W. Stevenson, Dr. Dewar, W. Elliot, Charles Anderson, Colonel Briggs, Dr. Paxton, John Clay, M. H. Dand, G. S. Douglas, J. S. Dud- geon, James Bowhill; Revs. P. G. M‘Douall, W. Darnell, A. Jones, S. A. Fyler, E. Rutter, E. A. Wilkinson; Messrs. James Wood, James Tait, Ralph Forster; Rev. D. Yair, Major Paton, Dr. Brown; Messrs. A. Brotherston, T. Friar, K. Friar, T. Henderson. The members were kindly shown all the objects of interest inside the house, and after breakfast walked about the grounds and gardens. Before leaving the house the President moved a vote of thanks to Sir George Douglas for having so kindly entertained the members of the Club, which was seconded by Mr. Milne Home, and _ heartily agreed to. The members then set out for the day’s excursion, under the guidance of Sir G. Douglas. They crossed the Teviot to the ruins of Roxburgh Castle, thence went over by the Trow Crags, and thence down by the gardens and grounds of Floors to Kelso, where some time was spent in examining the Museum. At four o’clock the members assembled to dinner in the Queen’s Head Hotel, where some additional members were present, including Messrs. John Ord, W. B. Boyd, Thomas Allan, Rev. Adam Davidson. After dinner, an able retirmg address was read by the President, who concluded by nominating as his successor the Rev. J. F. Bigge, Vicar of Stamfordham. A motion to change the day of meeting, of which notice Anmversary Address. 353 had been given by Sir Walter Elliot, was 'moved by Sheriff Russell, and seconded by Mr. Milne Home. The Rev. W. Darnell moved that the meetings be held, as at present, on Thursdays. 15 voted for the motion, and 9 for the amendment. Professor Balfour made some statements on the botanical part of the day’s excursion. Mr. Milne Home drew attention to the three natural terraces which are distinctly visible in the vicinity of Floors Castle. He did not think that these could have been formed by the river. He had there seen masses of sand and gravel 100 feet high, and these indicated that great changes had taken place, and that the lake or river had remained at the same level for a long time, and then that there had been sudden falls. What had occasioned those falls? This might be made a subject of enquiry by the members of the Club. He also suggested that the family of Maxwell, who had formerly their head-quarters in this district, might also form the subject of a paper. The places of meeting appointed for next year were Melrose in May, Holy Island in June, Dunbar in July, Yetholm in August, and Alnwick in September. Mr. George Muirhead, Paxton; Dr. Samuel Grieron, Melrose ; Mr. Edward Liddell, Morris Hall; Rev. A. Bisset, Foulden; and Mr. W. B. Elliot, of Benrig, were proposed as members. The first meeting of the year 1875 was held at Melrose, on Wednesday, the 12th of May. Present:—The Secretaries, Dr. Francis Douglas and Mr. Hardy; Sir Walter Elliot; Messrs. D. Milne Home, A. Curle, J. H. Borthwick, C. W. Peach, B. N. Peach, E. Selby, C. M. Wilson, James Wood, J. B. Kerr, A. Brotherston, John Freer, Sholto Douglas, J. Thomson, F. Walker, J. Scott Dudgeon ; Drs. C. Stuart, Dewar, Grierson ; Lieut.-Coi. The Master of Sinclair, Capt. Macpherson ; Revs. Farquharson, Wilson, Graham, Stobbs, M‘Douall, Green, Davidson, M‘Kerron, Paul. 354 Annwersary Address After breakfast, were exhibited specimens of Symphytum tuberosum, Salie purpurea, and S. Helix, which were found near the Chain Bridge. Rev. Mr. Farquharson showed specimens of Hieracvwm collinum, a plant lately discovered near Selkirk. Draba mwralis is found plentifully in the nurseries south of the railway. The members set out on their rambles under the able guidance of Mr. Peach, of the Ordnance Geological Survey, and Dr. Dewar. After a short visit to the quarry to the south of the railway, skirting the foot of the Hildon Hills, they entered the grounds of Chiefswood, formerly the residence of J. G. Lockhart, the son-in-law of Sir W. Scott, but now in the oceupancy of Mr. Francis Kerr, son of Lord Henry Kerr. Here Symphytum tuberosum was found in abundance. Thence the party went to Huntly-burn House, formerly the residence of Professor Adam Ferguson, and on to Cauldshiels Loch, where Ribes alpinum and Doronicum plantagineum were seen growing (both introduced). In the Rymer’s Glen was noticed Cornus sanguimeus (planted),—several ferns; and Sticta herbacea was found growing on a fallen tree, and Isothecium alopecurwm was in fine fruit on the rocks beside a small cascade. The Wood Wren (Sylvia sylvicola) was heard. Mr. Peach pointed out the geological peculiarities of the district, and how the dikes of porphyry crossed the Silurian rocks. There were a few examples of fossiliferous black shale, or slate containing graptolites. ‘The next place visited was an ancient camp on the hill to the south of Cauldshiels Loch. On the shores and in the deep water of the lake Litorella lacustris grew ; and three species of Potamogeton were driven ashore by the waves raised by a brisk gale, viz., Potamogeton heterophyllus; P. crispus, var. serratus ; and a species like P. prelongus, but without fruit or flowers, Lathyrus tenuifolius grew in an adjoining wood, and very - dwarf specimens of Salia nigricans in a bogey spot at the northern end of the lake. The galls of Cynips lignicola Anniversary Address. 355 were collected from some scrubby oaks. They have-only been observed in this neighbourhood within the last five years. In the pond at Abbot’s Moss, the yellow water-lily, which had been introduced there by Sir Walter Scott, was blossoming freely ; and Salix nigricans was again detected. Here the party divided, one section going to Abbotsford, another returning direct to Melrose, and a third down the bank of the Tweed, where specimens of Valerianella olitoria, Hreracium boreale, Polygonum Bistorta, Stellaria nemorum, &e., were gathered. The Club dined at the King’s Arms Hotel, at four o’clock, about thirty in number. The following were proposed as members :—Major J. H. Ferguson Home, of Bassendean; Captain A. Forbes, R.N., of Berwick ; Messrs. A. H. Gregson, of Lowlynn, M. G. Crossman, of Berwick, and John Freer, of Melrose. The following papers were read:—(1.) Notice of the Life of the Rey. Abraham Robertson, D.D., Savilian Professor of Geometry and Astronomy at Oxford, and a native of | Dunse. (2.) Notice of James Richardson Logan, descended from the Logans of Fishwick, who distinguished himself by his researches in Natural History and Philology in the Straits Settlements, and conducted a literary and scientific Journal printed at Singapore, in 12 vols., entitled, “ Journal of the Indian Archipelago.” This notice consisted of a letter from the Rev. Andrew Cunningham, of Eccles, with remarks by Sir Walter Elliot. (8.) Notice of a Red Deer’s Antler found near Allanton, by Mr. John Ferguson. Sir Walter Elliot mentioned that the remains of the Red Deer had been found near Linton and Hassendean, both in Roxburghshire, and suggested that these and similar remains should be lithographed in the Club’s Transactions. (4.) Notice of Three-bearded Rockling, Motella tricirrata, found off the coast near Redheugh, by Mr. Hardy. It is the first recorded specimen taken on the Berwickshire coast. (5.) Notice of the Distinguished Ecclesiastics and others entombed in Melrose Abbey, by Mr. James Hardy. (6.) Notices on 356 Anniversarg Address. Monstrosities of Dandelions, by Mr. C. W. Peach, who exhibited a collection of the dried flowers on account of their peculiarities—many of them having two and even three flowers on the stalk, and others a flower and leaf on the flower-stalk. Some drawings, by Mr. R. F. Logan, of Edinburgh, of interesting antiquarian objects from the neighbourhood of Coldingham were shown. Mr. Wood, of Galashiels, exhibited the following objects:—A large glass- bead, of a pale yellow colour tinged with red, discovered by Mr. Robert Renton, March 16, 1875, under a stone about two tons in weight, in a field on Fairnalee, six yards from the Catrail; a small ornamented bronze Celt, found on the farm of Kittyfield, in the parish of Melrose; porphyritic bullet found in Melrose Churchyard, alleged to be a cannon ball shot at the Abbey by Oliver Cromwell’s troops from the Gattonside Hill, but probably of greater antiquity, and of local manufacture ; many Fairy stones from the Elwand or Alwent rivulet; one of the first sacramental tokens of Melrose Church after the Reformation. Rev. P. G. M‘Douall showed a curious, bronze key, of medium size, with the figure of an open cross on the handle, found on the Kilham Hills. Mr. Borthwick produced a polished porphyritic stone from the Hildons, showing what is called “slickenside,” caused by two sides of a fault rubbing the one against the other during upheaval or subsidence. At the request of Mr. Milne Home, Mr. Peach gave his ideas about the formation of the immense deposit of gravel in the Melrose Valley, which he attributed to the river action during very long ages before the rock at Leader Bridge was cut to its present depth. An ancient river margin, high above the level of the Tweed’s flow now, runs along the valley, and reaches the upper course of the river. Mr. Peach showed the map at present being constructed for the Government Geological Survey. He also exhibited and explained some beautifully drawn sections of the local rocks, which showed plainly that the porphyry had disrupted Anniversary Address. 357 Silurian and the old red sandstone; and that in the Eildons es- pecially the porphyry overflows the red sandstone, which abuts against it, but is at present concealed by the porphyry debris. Several members, after the meeting broke up, visited the Abbey. On the walls of the cloisters a sea- plant, the common scurvy-grass (Cochlearia officinalis), was growing plentifully. This may be accounted for by its being one of the plants cultivated by the monks. On the coping of a wall to the south of the Abbey, Poa convpressa was observed. The second meeting of the year was held at Holy Island, on Wednesday, 23rd of June, 1875. There was a large muster of members of the Club. Upwards of 65 were present, including—The Rev. J. F. Bigge, of Stamfordham, President; Dr. F. Douglas and Mr. Hardy, Secretaries; Mr. Crossman ; Drs. Richardson, R.N., C. Douglas, Stuart, Brown, and Hughes ; Revs. Evans, Lamb, Thomson, Fyler, Green, M‘Douall, Graham, M‘Kerron, Tulloch, Meggison, Paul, Johnstone, Jones, Rutter, Henderson, Edmunds, Parr ; Messrs. Boyd, Turnbull, Boyd, Rea, C. Watson, Clay, Smith, Dickson, Allan, Currie, Bolam, Brunton, Heatley, Dunlop, Turnbull, Arkle, Doughty, Major Paton, R. Paton, Captain Carr-Ellison and son, Storer, Wilson, D. Watson, Nicholson, Captain Gandy, E. Bigge, Hastie, Muirhead, Kerr, Captain Forbes, R.N., Smith (Inspector of Works at Holy Island), A. Gregson, Bertram, Linton, A. Evans, &e. After assembling at the commodious reading-room recently erected by Mr. Crossman, who is a native of the Island, the company proceeded to view the Priory. This was com- menced to be built by Bishop Carileph, of Durham, in 1093, or ’4, and was completed by his successor, Bishop Flambard. In 1363 it was new roofed ; in 1821 the ruins were cleared ; but it is needless for me to describe it, as it was done so ably in a paper by Dr. Clarke, of Berwick, in 1836.* * Between the 2nd and 38rd pillar on the north aisle exists an ancient well (which I have not seen mentioned in any account of the ruin). It was levelled up in the year 1827, and 16 feet of rubbish was put intoit. About forty years ago, a carved stone was let into one of the walls, which previously had been tossing about, representing an animal with a large tail, 358 Annversary Address. A visit was then paid to the Parish Church. For details of the architecture and history of this Church, and the Priory, I must refer you to the “Churches of Lindisfarne,” published in 1870, by Mr. F. R. Wilson. Passing towards the Castle, an uncommon grass, Glyceria procumbens, was found in great abundance, and T'rifoliwm scabrum was found growing on the basalt. Cynoglossum officinale is very plentiful, and henbane (Hyoscyamus niger ) was observed in a few places ; also viper’s bugloss and poppies; and Samolus valerandi, in marshy ground near the northern end. Statice moniwm grows plentifully on St. Cuthbert’s Island. One of the most interesting plants on the Island is the Oyster-plant, (Mertensia maritima). A few of the party, after examining the lake, were conducted to it by my intelligent friend, Mr. John Anderson, the school- master at the Island, and a native of Stamfordham. The plant was in full blossom. Very few birds were observed :— Black-headed Tern, Ring Dotterel, Wheat Ear, Coot, and White-throat; and a good many of St. Cuthbert’s Ducks were seen out at sea. I am informed by Mr. Anderson that during a residence of one and a half years, he has never seen ‘a Missel Thrush, a Yellow Hammer, any Tit-mice, or a single Chaffinch on the Island. He also informed me that the Brent Goose had not been so plentiful for twenty years as last year, the market price of which was ls. 6d. A flock of 18 wild Swans was seen off the Island last winter. The general opinion is that the wild fowl are far fewer in number than formerly. Seals are not near as numerous as formerly ; they have been destroyed. At the extreme western point of the Island is the “Bloody Pool,” thus called from the slaughter of seals. Sometimes to the north of the Island there are some very large seals seen—the fishermen estimate the largest to be about 80 stones; they are spotted. This year there were three pheasants’ nests in the Island. A few hares have been killed last winter, one of which weighed 114 lbs., and another 11 lbs. Annwersary Address. 859 Dog fish a few years ago were very abundant, and are now comparatively rare. Sixteen boats, which belong to the Island, are engaged in herring fishing ; a few years ago thirty-six were engaged in the trade; only two of the sixteen are decked, and this is the first year in which decked boats have been employed. Very few trees grow on the Island, of Elder, Plane, Willow, and Thorn. A few have been planted on the south side of the Lough, but trees cannot struggle against the fierce winds. Herrings are cured on the Island, but not smoked. About thirty or forty men are employed in working and burning the lime; and five vessels are engaged in this trade between the Island and Dundee—taking lime to Dundee, and bringing back coal. Coal has been worked on the Island, but not for a number of years. The water is good, and obtained from two springs. There exists a third, but it is below high water mark. Excellent water may be found by sinking three or four fathoms. On the Island there is neither doctor, tailor, shoemaker, nor blacksmith, nor even a draper’s shop, where you could buy a yard of calico. The word Pig is considered extremely unlucky. When a fish called the Sea Sow or Sea Swine is hooked (when children are fishing for sport), they at once cut the line and let her go. During the spring of 1875, a temperance lecture was given. During the lecture, the lecturer mentioned, that in some place a boy had a rabbit and gave the proceeds to help the cause ; one girl had a “temperance goose.” At last he came to a “temperance pig.’ At the word, each eye sought his neighbours; from complete silence there was a general shuffle, &c. Of course the lecturer was ignorant of what he had done, but it told not a little against the attention which followed. The baiting of the lines is generally left to the women and girls. A lad and one of these girls having quarrelled, she being busy at the time baiting the line, he to aggravate her, purposely said—* Phemie Fender’s gan to kill IE 360 Anniversary Address. her pigs the morn.” This was sufficient; Phemie ran into the house. and a row was the result. The superstition was that the line the girl was baiting would not catch a fish after the word “ pigs” had been used. The fishermen in fine weather place their crab creels in shallow water near the rocks, but in stormy weather they are sunk as deep as 16 fathoms ; and from this depth they are often moved from their places and cast ashore—proving that the surface action produced by a storm does act to a considerable depth be- neath the surface. Before I conclude these notes about the Island, I must not omit to describe a very strange way in which rabbits are sometimes made to bolt from their holes, and this mode is also used in the Channel Islands. A good strong large dog-crab is selected, and a piece of tallow candle, about an inch long or less, is stuck on to the back of the crab. A suitable rabbit-hole is selected, the candle is hghted, and the crab sent on his travels down the hole with his ight. The rabbits are said to bolt out into the net, as if a ferret had been sent in. Soon after two o'clock the members left the Island for Cheswick House, where they were most sumptuously and hospitably entertained at dinner by Mr. Crossman. Between fifty and sixty dined. Dr. F. Douglas brought from Lurgie Loch specimens of Carex filiformis, and a Myriophyllum of an undetermined species, both found by Mr. Brotherston, of Kelso. The following were proposed as new members :—Mr. David Watson, Hawick; Mr.. Adam Robertson, Alnwick ; Mr. James Allan, Ava Lodge, Berwick; Mr. Charles Erskine, of Shielfield, Melrose ; Mr. Arthur H. Evans, Scremerston. The day was very fine. The third meeting of the Club for the season was held at East Linton, on Wednesday, July 28th, Dunbar being too full to afford accommodation. The day was perfect. There were present—Rev. J. F. Bigge, President; Mr. James Hardy, Secretary ; Sir Walter Elliot, Dr. Robson Scott ; Messrs. J. B. Boyd, W. Stevenson ; Dr. R. Hood; Captain Annwersary Address. 361 Forbes ; Revs. P. M‘Kerron, J. Hunter, D. Paul, W. Stobbs, A. I. Ritchie, F. A. Wilkinson; Messrs. John Bertram, J. Hunter, C. Duncombe Shaftoe, A. Brotherston, W. Shaw, J. Smail, J. Wood, D. Croal. After breakfast, the members of the Club walked to Prestonkirk. A part of the Tower is said to be Saxon, but, (except the chancel windows, of Early English, the interior of which is now used as a burial place,) of nearly every part of the building it may be said, in the language of an inscription over the chancel: “Antiqua—nunc renovata.” On the northern wall of the Tower are the remains of a mutilated figure of St. Baldred, which was broken by a mason during the rebuilding of the Church. This was one of the three churches of that famous East Lothian saint. On some of the tombstones, as on several of those in Roxburghshire Churchyards of the 18th Century, the trade of the deceased is indicated by symbols cut upon the stone, €.g.,a pick and wheel for a miller, a set of scales for a grocer, and such like. The Rev. A. I. Ritchie, minister of the parish of Whitekirk, read a short and very interesting paper on the Church. Pellitory of the Wall grows on the churchyard wall. Yellow Toadflax, Tansy, Common Mallow, and the Bitter-sweet (Solanwm) grow plentifully on the side of the road which leads to Tynninghame. Passing through the village and the lodge, an avenue of beech leads to the Park. Many fine timber trees grow here. The far-famed holly hedges are showing symptoms of decay. The Club walked through the gardens, which are well sheltered. There was a plant about a yard high growing near the south-east door into the garden. I asked the gardener, but he did not know what it was. Having one myself, I was’ anxious to get the name. Subsequently I wrote to Professor Balfour, who kindly gave me the name, which is Phytolacca decandra (Virginian Poke). It was originally imported from North America, and is used in cases of typhoid fever. The Club next proceeded to the 362 Annwersary Address remains of the Old Parish Church, and a beautiful specimen of the pointed or Norman architecture it is. If this were the Parish Church, the parish must have been a very small one, for the nave is only 18 feet, and the chancel 9 feet long. The zigzag ornament runs round the arches. The western capitals are ornamented with scales. This ruin stands in the Park on the south side of the house, but is completely hidden by trees and brushwood. In a niche on the south side of the nave is a recumbent female figure with a dog at her feet. There are two coats of arms at the point of the arch above the niche. One of these—a fesse twisted— appears to belong to the family of Carmichael; the other, with four mullets, two of them combined (a sculptor’s blunder ?) is doubtful; there is also a third shield, plain. The old churchyard lay around, and, as appears from an extract from the Parish Register, several of those blown up with the Castle of Dunglas, in the reign of Charles I., were buried here, including the second Earl of Haddington. The late Earl of Haddington was buried within the Chapel. In an aviary—a buzzard, a raven, a carrion-crow, and a long-eared owl live together. The gamekeeper had also a fine collection of young gold pheasants. The house isa good example of the baronial Scottish mansion. The house has been renewed on the outside, the interior being old ; it is built of red sandstone, from a quarry at Broomhouse on the estate. A collection of birds in the house contains that rare bird, the Great White Heron,.and a Honey Buzzard, both shot here. A Golden Eagle has also been shot here. Many interesting shrubs and trees were seen—an Arbutus, 24 feet high; Garrya elliptica, a bush 35 feet in circumference ; five plants of Yucca gloriosa were in full blow. A Silver Fir was seen in Binning Wood, 108 feet high and 15 feet in circumference, and some very fine Scotch firs. A very broad and long avenue leads to the seaside, which is pro- tected by acres of the Sea Buckthorn, which grows most luxuriantly. It is very strange what fine specimens of Annwersary Address. 863 trees are found here, and growing so very near the rough blasts from the German Ocean. At Whitberry Point, a geological party, headed by Mr. Stevenson, were shown the outburst of trap rock through sandstone, which has caused an alteration in its structure. Another party went along the links towards Ravensheugh. Great quantities of caterpillars of the Cinnabar Moth (Callimorpha Jacobea) were here feeding on the ragwort. The sea-view was very beautiful and extensive, with the Bass to the north—the Towers of TantallonCastle—N orth Berwick Law—the ridge above Whitekirk—the Garleton Hills and the Lammermoors, which terminated in the Downhill of Spot, the bay being bounded on that side AN Dunbar point occupied by the town. Mr. Hardy there read a very interesting account of the first Battle of Dunbar, between the English and Scots, in the time of Edward I., 28th April, 1296. The course now led up the Binning wood. This wood was first enclosed and planted in 1707, by Thomas, sixth Earl of Haddington, to whom there is an obelisk erected in the woods, which he may be said to have created. The Club were extremely obliged to the Earl of Haddington, who kindly allowed its members to wander through his grounds and woods, which contributed greatly to the pleasure and amusement of the day. They then came to the North Berwick road, and thence returned to dinner, where we mustered about twenty. The following gentlemen were proposed as members:—Mr. John Bertram, Howpark, Grant’s House; Mr. John Hood, Townhead, Cockburnspath ; Rev. Joseph Hunter, Cockburnspath ; Mr. John Johnson, Tweed- bank, Kelso; Rev. A. I. Ritchie, Whitekirk; Rev. John Methven Robertson, Stow. A paper by Dr. John Stuart, Secretary to the Scottish Society of Antiquaries, was read, entitled “ The Early Ecclesiastical History of Dunbar.” In a note Dr. Stuart mentioned that members might aid in indi- cating “Patron Saints,” if there were any such in their 364 Anniversary Address. individual localities; this bemg sometimes of service in following out the obscure intimations of early history or legend. Mr. Hardy exhibited a number of Flint and Stone Implements, recently discovered, principally from the Parish of Cockburnspath. Mr. Johnson, of Ramrig, sent a curious stone hammer, supposed to have been used in the manufac- ture of flints. Mr. Brotherston handed in a list of plants, which on the previous day he had gathered along the coast, near the mouth of the Tyne. Sir Walter Elliot was appointed to represent the Club at the Bristol meeting of the British Association. Thus ended a delightful day, being the first meeting ever held in that locality. The following are the plants picked up by Mr. Brother- ston on this occasion :— Soranum Dutcamara. Plentiful in many places. SILENE PUBERULA. Common. Veronica AnaGcatiis. In plenty near Ravensheugh, CyNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE. Ravensheugh and other parts of the coast. VALERIANA SAMBUCIFOLIA. Ibid. GERANIUM SANGUINEUM. Abundant and fine. HieraciuM vuueatum. On Ravensheugh. ListerA ovata. Ibid. HippoPHAE RHAMNOIDES. Plentiful on the sand-bills. SENECIO VISCOSA. HyoscyaMuUs NIGER. ScIRPUS MARITIMUS, GLYCERIA MARITIMA, GLAUX MARITIMA, ScHo- BERIA MARITIMA, CAREX DISTANS, C. VULPINA, ATRIPLEX BAB- INGTONI, A. LITTORALIS, A. ARENARIA ? (south side), SALICORNIA HERBACEA, JUNCUS GERARDI, [RIGLOCHIN MARITIMUM, SPERGU- LARIA MARGINATA, ZOSTERA MARINA. In the salt mershes of the Tyne. ANTENNARIA GALLICA. Both sides of the Tyne. ——_——-— maritima. Intermixed on-the south side. ELYMUS ARENARIUS. Mouth of the first burn, south from the Tyne. GERANIUM PUSILLUM. Roadside near Dunbar. SILENE MARITIMA and Festuca @LAucaA. Dunbar Castle. Mivvunvs Lurevs. Burn near Broxmouth. SisymBrium Sopura. Roadside near Broxmouth. LInARIA MINOR. ‘ Anniversary Address. 365 To these may be added— Viola hirta, Arabis thaliana. Erythrea centaurium, and Gentiana campestris, more or less plentiful on the sand-hills ; Ientha arvensis, in the pastures ; Feseda lutea and the common Reed by ditch sides, the latter representing the former marshy state of the ground; Rubus cesius, sides of public road near Belton-ford ; Symphytum officinale, near a ditch not far from that place. The fourth meeting of the Club was held at Yetholm, on Wednesday, August 25th, 1875. This was a very wet, stormy morning from 7 till 9, when it cleared up, and became a beautiful day. The members breakfasted at the Plough Inn. Present—The Rev. J. F. Bigee, President ; Dr. EF. Douglas, Secretary ; Dr. C. Douglas, Dr. C. Stuart, Pro- fessor Balfour; Messrs. John Sadler, W. B. Boyd, J. B. Boyd, John Turnbull; Sheriff Russell, Dr. Robson Scott ; Revs. A. Davidson, P. G. M‘Douall, J. S. Green, J. E. Elliot, Rev. Dr. Leishman; Messrs. F. W. Collingwood, J. Robson Scott, W. Stevenson, T. Henderson, A. Brotherston, J. Clay, C. B. P. Bosanquet, E. Friar, D. Watson, E. Douglas Simpson; Captain Forbes, R.N.; Mr. James Leishman. The Rey. A. Davidson exhibited specimens of the Psamma baltica, and Mr. Brotherston a specimen of the Dodder (Cuscuta Europea), which he had found growing among tares at Blakelaw Edge. The whole party started for Tod- crags, where greenstone porphyry is found with a vein of sulphate of barytes. In the pool at the foot of the crags the following plants were found :—Siuwm imundatum, Myrio- phyllum alterniflorum, Ranunculus floribundus. On the crag several of the Hieraciums were found—H. palli- dum, cesium, and one which much resembled boreale. I was very sorry to learn that on this crag no less than three badgers had been killed within the last few years. Itis a great pity that this now rare animal should be thus reck- lessly destroyed ; sometimes for the sake of putting a badly stuffed specimen in a glass-case, and sometimes for the sake of some game. Any country gentleman who posseses such a rarity should, in my opinion, treat it with the greatest 366 Anniwersary Address. care and kindness, and let his gamekeeper give it a plentiful supply of rabbits. The party here divided. A small portion, under the able guidance of the Rev. A. Davidson, went to examine several ancient British camps on the farms of Yetholm Mains in Scotland, and Elsdonburn in Northum- berland. For the following description I am indebted to the able pen of the Rev. A. Davidson :—“ There is one camp on the top of each of the two hills on the ground of Yetholm Mains, called The Burnt Hamiltons, or Burnt Humbildons. These, as time pressed, were passed without ascending the hills; but the entrance and zigzag approach up the steep southern face could be distinctly seen. On a high ‘level ridge to the south of the western hill, and close to it, several stone circles and circular hollows were seen, denoting, as the party thought, the ordinary dwellings of the ancient inhabi- tants in time of peace. On the east of this ridge, a deep ravine runs N.N.E., and as it falls into Halterburn, closely skirts the eastern side of the hill. Along the side of this ravine, next the old village site, there is traceable for four or five hundred yards a deep ditch, the earth from which is thrown up close to the edge of the ravine. By this means the left bank is much heightened, and a very strong protection given to the village on the east. The trench stops at the point where it touches the eastern base of the hill, and from its strength and direction the ancient dwellers had evidently to fear enemies coming upon them from the east. “ About two short miles more brought the party to the large and interesting Camp of Elsdonburn, the best defined of any in the district. It is nearly circular, and it occupies a projecting point of a spur running eastward from the hill called Coutsnouth. Its strength and importance are shown by three very strong concentric circles of which it is formed. The inside area is about 1? acres, studded with the circular foundations of ancient dwellings. The three ramparts seem to have been of equal strength, and a peculiar feature in Annwersary Address. 367 their construction is, that their outward faces have all been of rough stones. The formidable nature of the work may be imagined from three concentric circles about 15 feet apart, each with a face of stone about 5 or 6 feet perpendicular. The entrance is from the north-west, from ground somewhat lower than the site of the fort. The dangers to be met by this place were from tbe east, as both ditch and dyke seem stronger in that direction. But as it now stands, there is proof it must have been a formidable barrier to any foe in old British times.” The main body proceeded to Yetholm Loch. Mr. Oliver, of Lochside, came and invited the Club to come to luncheon ; only a few fell victims to his kind hospitality. Round the - margin of the Loch were gathered—Cicuta virosa, Scutellaria galericulata, Lycopus Europeus, a white variety of Bartsia Odontites, Scirpus lacustris, Campanula rapunculoides, and growing in the water, Littorella lacustris, Zannichellia palustris, the Yellow Water Lily, (Nwphar lutea); washed to the shore were Callitriche autwmnalis, Potamogeton pectinatus, P. pusillus. Atthe west end of the Loch, the following plants were found, Ranunculus lingua, Veronica scutellata, Typha lalifolia, (Great Reed Mace), Lythrum salicaria; a few Mosses were found, including Mniuwm Cinclidioides, and Climaciwm dendroides, (with fruit rising). Primside Bog was next reached, and a rare treat for the Botanists was found; Vacconiwm oxycoccus, Habenaria bifolia, Carex filiformis, and C. limosa, Festuca canina, and several Sphagnums fruiting very freely, The Sundew, Drosera rotundifolia, and Butterwort, Pinguicula vulgaris, were also found. In the walk down Bowmont were found, Teesdalia nudicaulis, Trifolium arvense, Vicia sativa var., Bobartti, Veronica anagallis, Enanthe crocata, Ranunculus tricophyllus, Dianthus deltordes, Antirrhinum vulgare, &c. During the day’s walk the following willows were gathered, Salia pentandra, Russelliana, triandra, Forbyana, ferrugi- nea, rugosa, cotinrfolia, &e. Lo 368 Annwersary Address. The Members, numbering 26, dined at the Plough Inn. After dinner, a catalogue of willows was produced, which at one time were growing at Carham Hall, and were collect- ed by Mr. Hodgson Huntley about 30 years ago. These willows and their varieties numbered 280. The following were proposed as new Members,—Dr. George Archbold, Norwich; Mr. Thomas Hownam, of Briery Hill, Dunse; and Miss Langlands as an Honorary Member. The thanks of the Club were unanimously voted to Mrs. Spoor for the presentation of the late Mr. Tate’s papers. During the day the President and two other members paid a visit to the Queen of the Gipsies, who lives in a very nice, tidy, clean, well-furnished cottage in Kirkyetholm. She informed us that she was elected Queen, November 16th, 1861, having succeeded her uncle, William Faa. She said her name was that given at her baptism, Esther Faa Blythe. She clearly thought that her mother had committed an offence against the tribe when she married Blythe, who did not belong to the royal race. I conclude she must have followed her mother’s footsteps when she married her husband, Rutherford, who belonged to Jedburgh, and was not a gipsy ; for she never once alluded to him in our conversa- tion, though she told us she had had twelve children. She is certainly very fair for a gipsy ; has short, small delicate hands ; her feet are the same, and her gait in walking has a litheness which, I am informed by one able to judge, is not seen in the natives. She cannot tell an ordinary story without great action of hands and arms. One daughter lives with her, but is staid and quiet in her manner. Her children are all darker than the generality of dark persons. She has several brothers and sisters alive, who are very dark, unmistakable gipsies. Her sister Helen is the only one my informant has seen with the dark streak at the root of the eye-lashes. The eyes of all are black. The Queen said that all her children spoke Rommany equally well as English ; but from what she said subsequently I gathered that they did not keep up the practice. Annversary Address. 369 This subject of the Gipsy has always been one of much interest to myself. By Statutes 1 and 2 Philip and Mary, aud 5 Elizabeth, it became felony, without benefit of clergy, to be found in fellowship with gipsies; and Sir Matthew Hale states, that at one Suffolk assizes no less than thirteen gipsies were executed upon these statutes. Their ancient history is veiled in obscurity; but their features and’ language remain, after hundreds of years, to this present moment. They are swarthy in complexion, with very dark, long eyes, black hair, and rather an oval face—clearly of an Eastern origin. Many of their words are identical with words used in India at this time by the natives—such as, pane, water; bal, hair; bawra, large; kalo, black; churi, knife; dur, far; sham, evening.* Dr. Knox says they very rarely intermarry with other races, so far as the females are concerned, but the male has no such scruples. He describes a young gipsy he saw at Kirkyetholm. She was about 16, and the finest specimen of the race he ever saw—features regular; eyes and hair, black. Even in the best specimens, the mouth is too large, and the upper jaw, as in the Jewess, quite disproportioned to the lower jaw and to the rest of the features. The lips are large, and partake of the African character. To detain her at the door, he asked her the way to the head of the College water. She raised her fine arm to point out the mountain path. On the inner side of the arm there stood a circular leprous spot, not to be mistaken. Quick as thought she observed, by a look I gave my friend, that the spot had been noticed by me, and as suddenly with- drew her arm retiring within the hovel immediately. He adds, “they are dying out; they do not work, and like to live on the industry of others; they have found out the great secret, that they can live by the labour of others.” At Cherrytrees, that warm and sunny abode of Mr. * Works on GipstEs :—Hoyland’s “‘ Survey of the Gipsy ;”” Geo Borrow’s “‘Gipsies in Spain ;” ‘‘English Gipsy Songs, in Rommany, with English Translation,’ by Chas. Leland, Professor Parker, and Miss Janet sees 1875 (Turner & Co., Ludgate Hill, London). 370 Anmwversary Address Boyd, we saw a specimen of Pinus nobilis, only 10 feet high, with three large full-grown cones. Few events of note have occurred during my year of office. We have to be thankful for uniformly, unusually fine days. In retiring, I have to thank you all for your kindness to me as your President. At the first meeting of the year I was unavoidably absent, being at the time at Hastings. Without the aid of your excellent secretaries it would have been impossible for me to have given you a sketch of our proceedings. It is my painful duty to record the deaths of some of our members, viz. :— (1.) Sir William Jardine, Bart., of Applegirth, who was elected Sept. 19, 1832, and died, aged 74, at Sandowne, Isle of Wight, Nov. 21, 1874. (2.) William Dickson, Esq., F.S.A., of Alnwick, who was elected October 15, 1851, and died May 14, 1875, aged 76.— Both of these have officiated as Presidents. (3.) Rev. James Middleton, M.A., Lauder, elected Sept. 30, 1869, and died 26 Dec., 1874, aged 40. (4.) Rey. John R. Scott, Amble, elected Sept. 26, 1871. (5.) Miss Elizabeth Hunter, one of the honorary mem- bers, the discoverer of Agaricus caperatus of Flora Danica, t., 1675, in Britain; who communicated to Dr. Johnston several other rare plants recorded in his “ Flora,” or in the Club’s “ Proceedings.” Before I retire from the honorable position in which you have placed me, allow me to make a few remarks which I think if carried into effect, might be of benefit to the Society which has now existed for 44 years. It has been suggested that a regular record should be kept of the famous trees and the large trees within the boundaries of the Club. In the Tyneside Naturalists’ Club for Noxzthumberland and Durham, there are 107 Subscribers to an illustrated Catalogue of remarkable trees, the subscription is 5s., and each subscriber received for last year, 4 photo- graphs of trees, and 2 extra trees presented gratis by Mr. Anniversary Address. 371 Ralph Carr-Ellison. At one of our Meetings, Sir Walter Elliot suggested that Members should contribute at their own ex- pense, lithographs or photographs of celebrated Border Trees. Should this seem desirable, I-should submit that a small Committee be elected to carry out the wishes of the Club. Talso think the Club might do something more in the way of Meteorology. At present there are only two returns of rain, one from Glanton, the other from North Sunderland, and through the kind perseverance of Mr Collingwood and Mr. Simpson, we have been indebted to them for the rain- fall for a number of years. Records of temperature of a remarkable character might be kept, but great care should be taken in the selection of good instruments. Again a . small committee might be chosen, to draw up a code of laws for observers, as to the position of instruments, rain gauge, thermometers, barometers, wind gauge, height above the ground, &c., and these might be recorded in a systematic way each year. I may here observe that I never suffered so much in my garden from frost as I did last winter. I lost entirely the following shrubs:—Rosemary, Garrya elluptica, Ceanothus Lobvi, 12 feet high on a south wall; Lauristinus, Gum Cistus. Those killed to the root but have recovered were Sweet Bay and Huonymus Japonica. Iam not sure whether Books have ever been presented to the Club, or presents of any kind. Ifso, where would be the most suitable place to deposit them? There is I believe a Museum at Berwick, would not this be a fit place for all presents to be placed? Were there a fit place to deposit them, in all probability many objects of curiosity and interest might be sent there for the benefit of the Members of the Club and of the public. There is another object I have long had in view and which I have begun myself, that is to write an account of the parish where one resides. A good deal of such work would necessarily fall to the lot of the clergyman of the parish. On mentioning this subject at our meeting at East Linton, I was told that 372 Anniversary Address. this had been done in every parish in Scotland. Since then I have examined this work called the “Statistical Account of Scotland ;” but this partakes more of the character of a gazetteer than what I think would be required for our Club. These accounts vary very much, some are very elaborate, being divided into five sections, embracing the Topographi- cal appearance of the parish, all branches of Natural History, its Civil History, its Population, including the character of the people, then the Industry, Agricultural and Rural Economy, and lastly the Parochial Economy. In Northum- berland we have three very imperfect histories of the County, and the last and fourth history isa mere fragment, very excellent as far as it goes. Now if some one in each parish would endeavour to draw up its history, part of which would be most suitable for our transactions; one person might be found to take charge of the geology, another of the natural history including all branches, recording what birds have been shot, what plants and reptiles and animals and insects have been seen ; some one else might take charge of the names of places, and fields and springs, trying to give the derivation of the words, which is a most fascinating study. Ancient buildings, such as Churches, Peel houses, and British and Roman Camps, Folk lore, legends, local songs, history of strange and remarkable men, some one else might treat of. We have a list of landowners in the county of Northum- berland in the year 1663. Taking it asa basis, it would be interesting to trace if possible the different families into which properties have passed to the present time. Again, Parish Registers often contain matter of great interest. Certain portions of such a parish history might be of great value to a Society like ours, and if extended might be made of use in case Mr. Hodgson’s history was ever to be finished. The only duty now incumbent on me is to nominate my successor, who is Archibald Campbell Swinton, Esq., LL.D., of Kimmerghame. 373 Obituary Notice of William Dickson, Esq., F.S.A., Clerk of the Peace for the County of Northumberland. By the Rey. WILLIAM Procter, M.A. In the course of the year, the Club has lost one of its most valued members in Mr. Dickson, who joined it in 1843, and was President in 1857. He has left some very inter- esting papers in our “ Proceedings” on Antiquities and Local. History. The “Notes on Bamburgh” in the “ Pro- ceedings” for 1872, are an instance, (like many in his unpublished papers) of his happy mode of correcting popular errors by an accurate statement of facts. There is an old tombstone in Greenlaw churchyard, bearing the following inscription :— “ HERE Lies Patrick DICKSON OF HOWLAWRIG, SECRETARY TO THE RigHT HONOURABLE PATRICK EARL OF MARCHMONT, WHO DIED THE 16TH DAY OF May, 1729, AGED 64 YEARS. AND DoroTHY CAMPBEL HIS WIFE, WHO DIED THE 29TH DAY OF APRIL THE SAID YEAR, AGED 36 YEARS.” The above were the parents of Patrick Dickson, who be- came proprietor of Whitecross, in Berwickshire, and of Spittal Hall Estate in the parish of Tweedmouth. William Dickson, eldest son of Patrick, was born at Berwick-upon-Tweed, on the 6th April, 1799. On the 7th June, 1825, he married Sarah, a daughter of Mr. Thorp, (son of Robert Thorp, Archdeacon of Northumberland,) whose partner he became, and whom he succeeded in 1843, as Clerk of the Peace for the County of Northumberland. Mr. Dickson was a freeman of Berwick, having been admitted on the 7th April, 1820. He was a Justice of the Peace for Berwickshire ; in respect of the estate of White- eross. He also held several offices relating to the County of Northumderland; and also the post of chairman of various public bodies in the town of Alnwick. To him, the town of Alnwick is indebted for Pottergate granite fountain ; and other improvements made in that Street. After the failure of the Northumberland and Durham District Bank, he founded the Alnwick and County Bank, which with its 374 Obituary Notice of William Dickson, Esq., F.S.A. several branches, contributed greatly to the public conveni- ence. Asaman of business, Mr. Dickson was renowned for diligence, dispatch, and accuracy. Much engaged in the management of large estates, and having many important matters always requiring attention, he never withheld advice or assistance from the poorest, whose cases were often as intricate as others, but he always got them arrang- — ed to their satisfaction. Possessing the rare faculty of concentrating his mind, in the midst of many avocations, on one subject at a time, and of following it up till it was settled, he discharged with great ability, the duties of many public offices, along with much private business. On the 6th of May, 1875, he attended an Adjourned Sessions of Magistrates at Newcastle. He had then a slight cold, which became a serious illness, and he died at Alnwick on the 14th of the same month, in the 76th year of his age. Mr. Dickson was esteemed and respected by all classes of society. On the day of his death the Ainwick Local Board of Health met, and unanimously adopted a resolution, expressive of their deep regret at his death, their apprecia- tion of his long and invaluable public services, their esteem for his public and private worth, and their intention to follow his remains to the place of interment. The other public bodies in Alnwick, including the Chamberlains and Common Council of the Borough, adopted similar resolutions; and thus, notwithstanding his simple, unambitious character, his funeral was in fact a public one, attended by hundreds of real mourners uninvited. At the first Sessions of the Justices of Northumberland after his death, Mr. M. W. Ridley, M.P., the Chairman, in opening business, said, they would not be doing their duty, if they did not express their deep sense of regret at the loss they had sustained in the death of the late Clerk of the Peace, Mr. Dickson. He thought the Bench ought to place on their minutes a resolution recording the great services which Mr. Dickson had rendered to the County; he moved the following resolution :—“ That this Bench do record their deep sense of the long and valuable services rendered to them by the late William Dickson, Esq., as Clerk of the Peace for the County, and of the great loss they have suf- fered by his lamented death; and they further desire to express their sympathy with his widow and family on the Obituary Notice of William Dickson, Esq., PSA. 375 bereavement they have sustained ; and that a copy of this resolution be forwarded by the chairman to Mrs. Dickson.” Mr. Burdon Sanderson, in seconding the resolution, said ; “The admirable manner in which Mr. Dickson had con- ducted the business, made him a pattern for all Clerks of the Peace throughout England. It would be impossible to find in England, one who had discharged his duties with more ability, and kept the County in a better state. On every subject of expenditure, and in all things, they had the advice of Mr. Dickson, who knew how far they could go, and who always kept them within proper limits; and not only the Justices but the Ratepayers would feel that they had lost a gentleman who had given them the greatest assistance, and really advanced their interests in the greatest degree.” The Resolution was agreed to unanimously. Memoranda. By JAMES Harpy. A notice of Mr. Dickson would be imperfect without allusion to his literary and antiquarian tastes, which he occasionally found opportunity to exercise, amidst his many more serious and important occupations. Mr. Dickson was a Fellow of the London Society of Antiquaries, and of the Antiquarian Society of Newcastle. He was a member of the “Surtees Society,’ and the “Grampian Club.” In the west of Scotland, where latterly he resided during summer at Underwood Cottage, Dunoon, he cordially welcomed and joined a kindred society with our own—“The Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists.” One of his first publications “The Wards, Divisions, &c., of Northumberland,’ was in some respects professional; although the antiquarian bias of the author is evinced by the ancient names of places being arranged from the original Records. It was a complete picture of the County in 1833. The book was greatly val- ued by the profession. Mr. Clayton Clayton, the conveyan- cer, said it was most useful to him—and that he never settled a draft without referring to it. Higher in importance to the county historian, are the “ Pipe Rolls,” in continuation of the Rev. John Hodgson’s series. Only the first part was printed, and this is accompanied by a translation; the subsequent portions are lithographed,and without translation but with occasional appendices: the whole, with the Index, lv 376 Obituary Notice of William Dickson, Esq., FSA. extending to 170 pages, quarto. There is a corrected pedi- gree of Muschamp, Lord of Wooler, at p. 155. Another of his useful local memorials, displaying his wonted research, joined to a pleasant vein of writing, is his “History of Alnmouth,” in five chapters. A sixth Chapter, though intended, was never accomplished. His papers in the Club’s “ Proceedings,” are far too few in number ; and it is to be regretted that his pen had not had more frequent practice on subjects with which he was intimately acquainted ; towards which also his inclination led him ; while, moreover, he had the advantage of ready access to valuable materials for those inquiries in which he was so competent. Mr. Dickson’s zest for poetry is apparent from his writings, but it will be new to many, that he also occasionally composed in verse. Some lines on Bamburgh, in his “ Address,” (vol. iv. p. 14) are introduced in such a way, that no one would infer his being their writer. He took a great interest in the well-being of the Club, and was repeatedly making inquiries about its prosperity and stability. “I am now,” he writes, “an old member of the Club, but rather too old for long walks. I am not the active man I was—73 tells a tale. I like to meet the Club when I am able. It must be kept up, it is the father of all Field Clubs.” Among other suggestions for the improvement of the “Proceedings,” he proposed that members who did not write papers, might still aid the Club’s endeavours by being at the expense of illus- trative plates. It was with this view that he contributed the engraving of Wooler to our last volume; and he offered again to reproduce his pretty vignette of Alnwick Castle, which appeared in Vol. IV., should the Club at any time have occasion for its use. Although located most of his life-time in Northumberland, Mr. Dickson had a borderer’s fondness for his native district. In 1872 he writes: “I have been long connected with Berwickshire. I am now one of the oldest Justices of the County—and I like to hear of its manors, and inhabitants, and everything connected with the Merse;” and there are other affectionate references to Hume— Coldingham—and Greenlaw—the domiciles of his ancestry. In another communication he gives the following hints on Indexing, which may be useful for the saving of time of hard workers. “I have a curious method of Indexing. I go straight ahead—on slips of paper—putting the subject and page on—and when all is done, I cut them all to pieces— Obituary Notice of Wilam Dickson, Esq., F.S.A. 377 then I part all the A’s, B’s, C’s, and so on— and after that I sort the A’s, B’s, &c., and gum them to sheets. When done, I revise the whole. ‘The Index is then ready to copy or to print from. The advantage is, you can take it up and leave it off—and there is no strain on the brain—it is just mechan- ical work.” Writing of his paper on Bamburgh, he makes. these re- marks, some of which are worth attending to, by contributors to the printed records of the Club. ‘The object of that paper, was not to attempt any History of the famous castle of Bamburgh, but merely to shew, that all historians have been in error, as to the way the estates came into the possession of Lord Crewe; as to which they have fol- lowed each other with the same statement, each varying a little, still however sticking to the Rebellion—Bamburgh was a Royal Castle, and I have such a number of Charters, Warrants, and Orders from the Crown.—Every trifling repair required an order from the King.—I thought it best, not todo more; but adhere to one point, rather than attempt a History.—Little articles are more suited to the pages of the Proceedings of the Club, from which future writers may glean facts which cannot be had else- where. These are the little things which Dr. Johnston was anxious to fix 7 transitu, rather than to have long and elaborate articles.—Such articles are valuable, but few have time to spare for them, but you can always dash off some little tit bit, without takizg up much space or wearying either the writer or the reader.” The following is perhaps not a complete list of his writings, but it is all that inquiry elicits. 1. The Wards, Divisions, Parishes, and Townships of North- umberland, according to the ancient and modern Divisions, shewing the Annual Value and Population of each Parish and Township maintaining its own Poor, from the Returns of 1831; also the Places for which Surveyors of Highways and Constables are appointed respectively, and by whom appointed, compiled from the Records and other authentic sources,—Alnwick, 18338, 4to., 104 pages. 2. Record of the Proceedings relating to the Address to Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, from the Inhabitants of the Borough of Alnwick, in Northumberland, presented 29th Aug., 1850.— Newcastle, 1850, 4to, 4 leaves. 3. Notices of a Chantry in the Parochial Chapelry of Alnwick, dedicated to the Virgin Mary.—Hist. Ber. Nat. Club, vol. iii., p. 67.—And separately—London, 1852, 8vo., 12 pages. 4. Four Chapters from the History of Alnmouth.—Newceastle, 1852, 4to., 26 pages. 378 Obituary Notice of William Dickson Esq., PSA. 5. The History of Alnmouth, another Chapter shewing the past and present state of the Church.—Alnwick, 1867, 4to, pp. 27— 69. 6. The Pipe Rolls for the first, second, and third years of the reign of Edward the First, for the County of Northumberland, A.D. 1273, 1274, 1275. In continuation of the series in Hodg- son's History of the County: with a Translation and Notes.— Newcastle, 1854, 4to., 54 pages.—Arch Ailiana, vol. iv. pp. 207 —260. 7. Ibid for the fourth, fifth, and sixth years, A.D. 1276, 1277, 1278. Ibid, 1860, lithographed, 4to., pp. 55—90. 8, Ibid for the seventh, eighth, and ninth years, A.D. 1279, 1280, 1281.—Ibid, 1860, pp. 81—129. 9. Ibid for the ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth years, A,D. 1282, 1283, 1284, with Index.—Ibid, 1860, pp. 130 —170. 10. Bills of Cravings of the Sheriff of Northumberland for 1715, of Expenses incurred by him relative to the Rebellion in that year—Arch. Aliana, vol. ili. pp. 11-13, 4to. 11. Cronica Monasterij de Alnewyke et quodam Libro Croni- carum in Libraria Regalis Cantabrigiz de dono Regis Henrici VI Fundatoris; with English Translation.—Ibid, vol. iii. pp. 383-45. 12, Contents of the Chartulary of Hulne Abbey, in the Parish of Alnwick, founded by William de Vescy, A.D. 1240, 24 Henry II1.—Ibid, vol. iii. pp. 46, 47. . 13. Notice relative to the Hospital of St. Leonard, in the Parish of Alnwick:—Ibid, vol. iii. pp. 48-50 14. The Hospital of St. Leonard, in the Parish of Alnwick. (Addition to former Paper)—Ibid, new series, vol. i. 15. The Annual Address, delivered at Alnmouth, on the 24th of September 1857.,—Hist. of Ber. Nat. Club, vol. iii., pp. 1-50. 16. Notes on the Marsh Samphire.—Ibid, vol. iv., pp. 65, 66. 17. Rothbury and its Saxon Cross.—Ibid, vol. iv., pp. 66—75. 18. Roman Altar found at Gloster Hill, in the Parish of Warkworth.—Ibid, vol. iv., pp. 86—88. 19. Notes on Etal.—Ibid, vol. iv., p. 179, &c. 20. Notes to correct Errors as to the Manors of Bamburgh and Blanchland.—Ibid, vol. vi., pp. 331—334. 379 On the Birds in the neighbourhood of Paxton. By GEORGE MUIRHEAD. 1. GotpEen EBacte. Aquila chrysaectos. An Eagle, evidently of this kind was killed near Hutton Mill, on the Whiteadder, about forty years ago. It was observed feeding on the carcass of a horse, at the side of the river, and was shot by the late Mr Hastie, tenant of Hutton Mill. The Rev. Dr. Kirke, of Hutton, kindly obtained for me the above information. 2. PxrREGRINE Fatcon. Falco peregrinus. A Peregrine Falcon frequented the tall trees at the side of the river Tweed here, in the summer of 1871. I do not know of any other instance of the Peregrine having been observed in this neighbourhood. 38. Meru. alco esalon. This beautiful little Falcon is oc- casionally seen about Paxton, I have noticed two or three flying about the plantations, during the course of the last three or four years. The gamekeeper at Paxton House shot a male in full plumage in Finchy wood, at the side of the Tweed, in February 1873. He also killed a male in immature plumage in the Cow Dean Wood, in the spring of 1872. I have not seen the Hobby (Falco subbuteo) either in Berwickshire or Haddingtonshire. I observe that Dr. Turnbull does not include it in his ‘‘ Birds of East Lothian.” 4. Kusrret. TZinnunculus alaudarius. The Kestrel is com- mon in this neighbourhood, and is often seen hovering over the fields and young plantations, in search of prey. There was a Kestrel’s nest in the Old Heronry Wood, in the summer of 1874. It also breeds in the high rocks at the side of the Whiteadder, near Tibbie Fowler’s Glen. 5. SPARROWHAWK. Accipiter nisus. The Sparrowhawk is very often seen in the woods here. The wood at Finchy, at the side of the Tweed, which consists of high trees growing on a steep bank sloping to the south, and which is usually frequented by great numbers of small birds, is one of its favourite hunting grounds. I knew of two Sparrowhawk’s nests in the summer of 1874. One was built ona Scotch fir-tree not over thirty feet high, in the small plantation which lies immediately to the west of Paxton South Mains Farm Steading. When the nest was dis- covered, about the middle of June, there were five eggs in it, The other nest was in the Wester Strip in Paxton House Policy, and it was not found out till the young hawks were heard crying for food. On examining the nest, I found it full of the remains of a great number of small birds. The Sparrowhawk used to build regularly every year, in the Well Mire plantation, at the side of the Whiteadder, near Paxton Village, butit has not been observed to do so there for the last two seasons. I notice male Sparrowhawks flying about here much more frequently than female. 380 Mr Muirhead on the Birds"of Pacton. 6. HENHARRIER. Circus cyaneus. I saw a female Hen- harrier in a plantation at the side of the Tweed here on the 16th October last. The bird rose from a tree on which it had been sitting apparently asleep, for it allowed me to approach within thirty yards, and hovered away over in the direction of the Whiteadder. It looked somewhat like a seagull in its flight. The Henharrier is very rare in this locality, the above being the only’ instance of its occurrence which has come under my ob- servation during a residence of five years. I have been told by old people that it used to frequent the marshy ground at Billie Mire, in considerable numbers about 60 years ago, and that its nest was then often found there amongst the rushes. 7. Lone Earep Own. Otus vulgaris. This Owl was observed several times in the plantations here, in the summer of 1874. I rose one out of a large hawthorn tree, close to the side of the Tweed, in the month of August. It was sitting along with a Tawny Owl, in the thickest part of the trees. In the following month of September, I saw one in the Silver Fir Strip at Nabdean. The Short Eared Owl, (Otus brachyotus), does not appear to visit this neighbourhood. 8. Wuire Own. Strix flammea. I have been told by ‘the forester here, that the White Owl used to breed regularly in the high rocks at the side of the Whiteadder, near Clarabad Quarry, but it has not been noticed there for several years. One was caught in a rat trap, in the stackyard at Paxton North Mains, several years ago. A fine specimen of this Owl was shot at the side of the Whiteadder, near Edrington Mill, in October 1875. 9, Tawny Own. Syrnium aluco. The Tawny Owl is plenti- ful in the wood at Paxton, and sometimes several may be heard hooting at night. It builds its nest every year in the Wester Strip, in the policy. It has been known also to have its nest on a tall thickly branched larch tree, near the Lover’s Tryste, and upon one occasion there was a Wood Pigeon’s nest on a branch of the same tree, not far from the Owl’s. When a boy went up to get the young Uwls, the pigeon flew off her nest, and he found that she had two eggs. 10. TEnemAtm’s Own. LWyctale funerea. A specimen of this rare bird was killed at Berwick, in February 1874, and is now preserved in the Museum there. 11. Great Grey Surike, Lanius excubitor. A Great Grey Shrike was shot near West Ord, in November 1873. I havea beautiful specimen which was shot at Bughtknowe, in the parish of Humbie, Hast Lothian, in the winter of 1869. 12. Srorren FrycatcHer. uscicapa grisola. This bird is found sparingly distributed about the plantations at Paxton. There is a nest every year near the Avenue Bridge. Mr Muirhead on the Birds of Paxton. 381 13 Prep FrycatcHEerR. Duscicapa atricapilla. The Pied Flycatcher is evidently a very rare visitor to this neighbour- hood. I noticed a male at the side of the plantation at Finchy, about the second week of May, 1872; which is the only instance that I am acquainted with, of this bird having been observed in this immediate locality. 14. Drerer. Hydrobata cinclus. This lively bird is numer- ous on the Tweed and the Whiteadder, at all seasons, except when the water is covered with ice, I have frequently heard it singing on the Whiteadder, during the winter time. The note which it utters while flying rapidly along the course of the stream, never fails to remind me of the pleasant trout fishing days of spring and summer. 15. Missex Turuse. Twurdus viscivorus, The Missel Thrush is plentiful at Paxton, and in the policy every year. There was a nest in a tall oak tree here, in the spring of 1872, and one morning when I approached the tree, I was suprised to hear the old birds screaming very loudly, and to see them flying round the tree, and darting into it every now and then. On going for- ward, I observed a squirrel near the nest, and the birds kept darting down at it till they forced it to descend to the ground. A Missel Thrush built its nest in a low bush on the lawn near my house, in the spring of 1874. The bush was not over 5 feet high. 6 FreLpFare. Zurdus pilaris. This bird may be seen flying in small flocks about the fields at Paxton, late in autumn. They were very long in going away to their breeding quarters in the spring of 1873, for I noticed large flocks frequenting the high trees above the Primrose Bank, as late as the first week in May. They were then very wild and shy. 22nd December, 1874.—The Fieldfares are suffering very much at present from the hard frost; they are found just now in the plantation at Finchy, ir great numbers. It slopes to the south, and the sun melts the snow more quickly there than in other woods, and the birds search for food amongst the fallen leaves. 17. Sone TurusH. Turdus musicus. The Thrush is very plentiful at Paxton. I observed great numbers feeding in the turnip fields in the autumn of 1874. Mr J. E. Harting says in the ‘‘ Field” of 81st October, 1874, that he thinks that the Thrushes which are seen feeding in such numbers in the turnip fields in autumn, are on their way southwards. It is very pro- bable that Mr Harting is right in his surmise, for we see great numbers of Thrushes in the partridge shooting season amongst the turnips, and shortly afterwards there are only a few. 22nd December, 1874.—Although I constantly notice plenty of Redwings and Fieldfares about here at present, I do not see above one or two Thrushes amongst them. 382 Mr Muirhead on the Birds at Paxton. 18. Repwine. TZurdus iliacus. The Redwing frequents this neighbourhood in considerable numbers, coming in October, and flying in flocks with the Fieldfares, during the autumn, winter, and spring. The high trees above the Primrose Banks are a favourite resort of theirs in autumn, and the plantation along the Banks of the Tweed at Finchy during snowy weather in winter. I have found several Redwings dead this week (22nd Dec., 1874) from the severity of the weather. One comes every day, and searches for food amongst the gravel close to my house, where there is no snow lying. 19, Buacksrrp. TZurdus merula. There are more Blackbirds here, than I have noticed anywhere else, and they whistle so loudly during the spring evenings in the flower garden, that the whole air resounds with their melody. Ihave sometimes heard at least half a dozen whistling there at one time. Near the waterwheel, above the Avenue Bridge, is also a great resort of theirs in the spring evenings. 20. Hence Accentor. wd ad (e) on 5S: re 5 mx Ale iS /Si(Slitl/S/s le Fl lals |) || oe | re |e eet et oy een ae A/\S|M|FlAlAlalSI/AlS als Marked in 1870-71 | 18 | 72) 132| 5| 206) 9| 2 179| 31! 1) 1{ 649 1871-72 | 17| 105} 21| 1] 248| .. | 38] 229) .. 659 1872-73 5 | 102) 4| 4 | 193] .. | 177| 611) .. 1096 1873-74 |v. | 148), -21).. | 429)....|° 83) 88) 6, [ca | ec femes Total...+e.| 40 | 422| 159] 10 |1076| 9 | 298/100] 31] 1| 1 |3147 —_— o_o OO OO OOS | || | | | _|___. Recaptured in 1871-72 1 2 4 3 18 ee ee 1 es ee 2 31 1872-73 ee ee ee ee 10 ee 1 ee ee ee ee 12 1873-74 a0 1 Hh eee HS) yore: el este EL seen (ereo liners 20 Total vis seit 3} 45! 3] 461... 1 | 2) 63 Report of Experimental Commattee. 435 In addition to the fish recaptured, 6 marked fish were found dead in the river, and the wires sent to me, a small reward being paid for each wire. In the annexed return full details are given regarding the marked fish recaptured, and each of these fish was submitted to Members of the Committee and practical fishermen, a record thereof being kept. The 20 marked fish recaptured give the following results :— 1 Orange Fin, recaptured a Whitling. 2 Black Tail, vi Bull Trout. 4 a + Whitling. 12 a us Black Tail. 1 Grilse i$ Grilse. Total—20 Seven of these fish are important —the first being of great value has been preserved, viz. :— An Orange Fin, marked on 17th April, 1873, was, when re- captured on Ist June, 1874, a Whitling, having increased in weight 1 lb. 6} oz., and in length 11 inches, in 1 year and 45 days. A Black Tail, marked on 13th October, 1870, was, when re- captured on 5th June, 1874, a Bull Trout, having in- creased in weight 1 lb. 14 0z, and in length 8 inches, in 3 years and 235 days. A Black Tail, marked on 25th September, 1873, was, when recaptured on 13th June, 1874, a Whitling, having, in- creased 10 oz. in weight, and 2? inches in length, in 261 days. A Whitling, marked with a Black Tail wire, was recaptured at Tillmouth on 13th May, 1874; but the fishermen having broken and lost part of the wire with the num- ber thereon, particulars as to the date of marking can- not be ascertained, but itis certain the fish was a Black Tail when marked. A Black Tail, marked on 25th October, 1873, was, when recaptured on 23d June, 1874, a Bull Trout, having in- creased 1 lb. 2 oz. in weight, and 5+ inches in length, in 241 days. This fish was sent to the Fish House at Berwick with a number of other fish, and it is not known at what part of the river it was re-captured. A Black Tail, marked on 25th October, 1878, was, when re- captured on Ist August, 1874, a Whitling, having in- ye 8 oz. in weight, and 2% inches in length,,in 280 ays. A Black Tail, marked on 29th April 1874, was, when recaptur- edon 11th May, 1874, a Whitling, having decreased 1 oz. in 12 days, but had assumed the Whitling appearance. 436 Report of Expervmental Committee. The other marked fish recaptured include a Grilse marked on 25th October, 1873, when ascending the river to spawn, and was recaptured on 1st April, 1874. When returning as a Kelt to the sea, it had, of course, decreased in weight. The 12 Black Tails recaptured had apparently never left the river after being marked, and with four exceptions had decreased in weight. The Committee having excavated a pond at Carham 42 feet in length, 19 feet broad, and 33 feet deep on the side of Carham Burn, from which it is supplied with water, had two meetings there—the first upon 7th May, 1874, when 123 Orange Fins were caught in the river Tweed and placed in the pond; and again on 8th July following, when 76 of the fish in the pond were taken with a net, and after examination returned to the pond alive. They were, with a few exceptions, in a plump, healthy conditior, but had not assumed the Black Tail markings. Bullock’s liver has been supplied to them for food at the rate of 3 lbs. per week, increased to 6 lbs. per week after the 8th July; the fish have also a good supply of insects from the burn, Another small pond or tank has been made at Carham, and supplied with water from a spring. In this pond Mr Huntley’s fisherman (Thomas Sligh) placed a number of Orange Fins, one of which has assumed the Black Tail markings. Reported by G. H. LIST, Chief Constable. 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The meetings at Carham pond were held for the purpose of catching the fish kept therein, and having them examined by practical fishermen and by Members of Committee. Upon each occasion the fish were found to have grown con- siderably, and the greater part had assumed the Black Tail and Whitling appearance—although, apparently, owing to their confinement in the pond, they had a darker appearance than fish of the same description taken from the river. At each of the meetings, a fish taken from the pond was killed for preservation. The meeting at Union Bridge was called for the purpose of marking Orange Fins, and the following fish were marked by inserting numbered silver and copper wires in their tails, viz :— Orange Fins, a Bro 249 Salmon Smolts, .... are! 7 . Total, ae otha 256 The Committee met at Melrose to ascertain if it is practicable, when a great number of Salmon Kelts have collected in the cauld pool there on account of dry weather, to catch them with a net and put them over the cauld. A few shots were rowed, and 8 fish caught; but the experiment was not successful, as the fish put below the cauld did not go down the river, but remained in shallow water within reach of poachers, During the last spring the fisherman at Scotch New Water, Yardford, Kthermouth, and Broad kept alive in corfes the Grilse Kelts which they caught when fishing, and 91 of these fish were marked by the bailiffs in the tail with silver wires, and returned alive to the river. Since my last Report, seven marked fish have been recaptured, of which full details are given in the annexed return; and with the exception of a Grilse Kelt recaptured a few days after it had been marked, the other fish had been marked in September and October, 1873, when they were Black Tails, and when recaptured they were Whitlings—the increase in size and weight, as shown in the return, being of great importance in solving the question whether a Whitling becomes a Sea Trout. é G. H. LIST, C.C. 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TOMOSTEED|TOG ‘GL8T "G18 ‘skep Jog | ‘xour'urg| ‘sour z0%} | fpr | “ZOFST | ° SITET SON | “LT 990 “OG SAetor ml aed “od 5 ‘od = (|tL6 ‘shep gog | aout urge! rout -zo$ye j FLT | “ZO8ZE ‘oTOULT [LT “Suny, Supa | ZI | 208 |Sspueg e409 | "ez “40 [TL TPLA|9SOr p Tur | VLBI "e181 emnjdvo=oy | . pov gure) “Wye | Mek [PET] gues | TORE | avoda [Toma | ae’ wseat| Manat [Seana | oJ |S racer soue1eyIC souerepiq {yy Suary jooyeq | josomedg | qySueT salogag es a eee ee ee ee ee SS — ‘CAUNLAIVO-AY SCUVAUALIVY HUM ONV “WHAT AHL OL CAITVY CGANUNLEY GNV GHMUVN AVA HOIKA CAML UAAIY AHL NI LHYNVO HSId JO NGO Lae 440 An Account of Lesbury Parish, Northumberland. By the late GkorGE TATE, F.G.S., &c. [In the revision of this article, I have supplied some omissions, several of them from the author’s rough notes ; others by consult- ing some of the original writers. My own additions are placed in brackets. Mr. Tate has not given references ; but a few of these are now affixed from his notes. In general, however, he depends on the documentary volumes in Hodgson’s “ History of Northum- berland,” which are a sort of quarry to all future topographers ; on some of the publications of the Surtees’ Society ; or on his own ‘History of Alnwick,” to which the author intended this, and the history of some other neighbouring parishes, to be a subsidiary work. The Township of Alnmouth, in Lesbury parish, is reserved for separate treatment, when there is opportunity. J. H.] THREE miles east-south-east from Alnwick, the village of Lesbury gives its name to the parish, and lies snugly shel- tered in the lower portion of the vale of the Aln, which is here about three miles wide, with gently sloping banks, reaching in some parts 350 feet above the sea level. The river, in pursuing its winding course to the sea, cuts the parish into two nearly equal parts,—one on the south being in the east division of Coquetdale. and the other on the north, in the south division of Bamburgh Ward. The parish is bounded on the north by Longhoughton parish, on the west. by Alnwick and Shilbottle, on the south by Warkworth, and on the east by the German Ocean. Its form is an irregular square, about 3 miles long and broad. The area is 4337 acres, 2 roods, and 17 perches, the most of which is highly productive arable land, in a good state of cultivation. Blessed with a climate mild and genial, the fruits of the earth come to maturity in the lower parts of the vale, at an earlier period than in most parts of the county. Prehistoric Remains. These are not numerous, but one group is of interest. In the year 1850, an ancient burial place was discovered in Hawkhill farm, on the top of Shell Law, which is 182 feet above the sea, and commands a view of Alnmouth Bay, and up the vale of the Aln, with Cheviot hills in the back-ground. There were six cist-vaens, or stone coffins, formed of rude sandstone slabs set on edge, and covered witha largerslab. They were of different sizes, Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 441 ene being 5 feet 7 inches long, and 2 feet 84 inches broad ; and the others respectively 3 feet 6 inches, by 1 foot 10 inches broad ; 1 foot 10 inches, by 1 foot 4 inches; and one was a double cist, divided into two compartments by an upright slab, and having one large slab covering both. Two urns were found; one elegant in form—tulip shaped—a drinking cup, well made and elaborately and artistically ornamented ; and the other like a jar, of ruder manufacture, and scored with zig-zag lines.* At Burney Knows also, a double cist was found in 18238, and in each compartment was a small drinking cup. About two hundred yards from the north end of Alnmouth, on the east side of the road, are remains of an ancient en- trenchment. “It is,” says Mr. McLauchlin, “an irregular quadrangle of about 90 yards north and south, by 70 east and west, with an entrance at the north-west angle, covered, as is usual in ancient earthworks, by a traverse of the ram- parts.” Relics have not been found in it, nor are the remains sufficiently characteristic to mark its age; it is, however, probably a camp of an Ancient British period. The Parish of Lesbury comprehends the townships of Lesbury, Hawkhill, Bilton, and Alnmouth, and the hamlet of Wooden; but for the purposes of the Poor Law, Hawk- hill, Bilton, and Wooden, are parts of the township of Les- bury. The whole was included within the Barony of Aln- wick, and changed its superior lord with the changes of the barony ; but as the career and fortunes of the successive lords have been recorded in the History of Alnwick, it will be sufficient here to indicate generally the successive families who obtained possession of the barony and who, in conse- quence, were the feudal lords of Lesbury. A short time after A.D. 1096, Yvo de Vesey was in pos- session of the barony of Alnwick, which in 1134 passed to Eustace Fitz-John, who had married Beatrix, the only child and heiress of Yvo. William, their son, who took the name of Vescy, succeeded to these estates in 1157, and they passed in succession to his descendants, first to Eustace de Vescy, next to William de Vescy, then to John de Vescy, and after- wards to William de Vescy, the last of the family connected with Alnwick and Lesbury ; for leaving no legitimate issue ‘he bequeathed to Bishop Bek the barony of Alnwick, in trust for his illegitimate son William de Vescy, of Kildare ; *See Proceedings of Berwicks. Nat. Club, iii., p.p. 63—67. 442 Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. but this unprincipled bishop violated his trust, and after re- taining possession of the barony for twelve years, sold it on Nov. 19, 1309, to Henry de Percy, a descendant of Josceline de Lovaine and Agnes Percy ;* and since that time it has been held by their descendants, excepting during short intervals when it was confiscated for rebellion against the throne. The history of the different townships will now be traced. TOWNSHIP OF LESBURY. It has an area of 1646 acres, 3 roods, 17 perches, most part of which is on the north side of the Aln; but on the south side are the farm of Hipsburn, and the mill and adjoining land. A detached portion of 1 acre 1 rood 21 perches is near the mouth of the river, within the township of Alnmouth. There are no written records to shew that this township was inhabited either by the Ancient Britons, or by the Romans, or by the Saxon race ; but from the sepulchral re- mains on Shell Law, we may infer that the Ancient Britons had hut dwellings here. Doubtless too the Saxons at an early period after their conquest of Northumberland formed a settlement at Lesbury ; the name evidences this; for the termination byrig, altered into bwry, is of Saxon origin ; and indeed favours the view that the place was then of some im- portance. If the opinion of Mr McLauchlin is correct, that the prefix les is a form of the Celtic Llys, which signifies a court or a hall, we would then have in the name traces both of the Ancient British and of the Saxon inhabitants.f More important information is afforded by the charters of Aln- wick Abbey, which shew that prior to 1145, Lesbury was the seat of the principal ecclesiastical establishment in the district ; the chapels of Alnwick, AInmouth, and Longhough- ton were then subordinate to it; and therefore it is highly probable that here the chief thane of the district lived in his burgh or fortified dwelling. Indeed, Lesbury, with a genial climate, productive soil, well sheltered situation, and * [Highty-six librates and one-hundred-and-fourteen and three-quarter acres in Lesseberry, value £86 9s. 6d.: besides other lands, were reserved as part of the dower of Isabella wife of John de Vescy.—See History of Alnwick, Tate pe [It ao be only the English /ess or deast. The place is spelled in docu- ments; Letebyre, Lestebyrye, Lecebyr, Leterbyr. Lessebury, Latybury, Lees- bury, Lescebur, Lesseburg, Lathebury, Lestebery, Lessebiry, Lesscebury. ] Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 443 near to the sea, would be one of the places first occupied by the Angles. And here where the great thane lived, would, when Christianity was introduced, be the first church, which for some time would serve for the district around; but as new settlements were formed and population increased, other chapels would be built in Alnwick, Alnmouth, and ‘Long- houghton, and supplied with priests sent from the parent church. The effect of the Norman conquest and the build- ing of a great castle at Alnwick, as a residence of the Nor- man baron, stript Lesbury of its pre-eminence; and after Eustace Fitz-John founded, in 1145, Alnwick Abbey, and as part of its endowment gave to it Lesbury Church, with the chapels of Alnwick, Alnmouth, and Longhoughton, Lesbury church became subordinate to the Abbey, and lost its inde- pendent authority. No lands in Lesbury township were granted by the barons of Alnwick on military tenure. ‘There was a free tenant, there were bondmen and cotmen, there was a com- mon—the folk-land—remaining from Saxon times, and there was a large area of demesne land in the hands of the lord. About the middle of the thirteenth century, it is re- corded in the Testa de Neville, that William de Vescy held Aunemuve, Haukehill, Bylton, and Letebyre;{ and that William de Falconer held there half a carucate of land on payment yearly of a sparrow-hawk. Passing on to 1373, we have fuller information from an inquisition, which states that Henry Percy held the manor and vill of Lesseberry, the site of which being waste rendered 12d. yearly in herbage ; and in the same place 2254 acres of demesne land rendering 6d. yearly per acre, and 32 acres of pasture at Is. per acre ; and a water mill, rendering £10 13s 4d yearly ; and that there were also 20 bondagia, each of which consisted of a messuage and 24 acres of land and pasture, 16 of which render each 13s. 4d. yearly ; 4 lie waste and uncultivated, the herbage being worth 6s. 8d. yearly;§ that there were also 11 cottagia, each worth 2s. yearly, and certain free tenants paying 14s. 11d. yearly, and other free tenants ren- dering 2s. ; and that the profits of the Hallmote were worth yearly 3s. 2d. { [Im 20 Edw. I., William de Vesci had free warren in Houton, Lestbyrye, &e. § [It must be borne in mind that these are depreciated valuations, occasioned by the devastations of war, and what the records call the destitution of the period.—See Ber. Club’s Proc., vol. vil, p, 65.] 444 Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. Sir John de Strivelyn, a distinguished warrior, who, in 1335, commanded the English forces at the siege of Loch- Leven Castle, owned property in Lesbury, which he had ob- tained through his marriage with Jane, daughter of Richard de Emeldon; he held twelve acres of land in Sunderland flat or Lestbury flat, near Lesbury, on socage tenure, worth yearly twelve shillings ;* and this passed by a settlement to John de Middleton and his wife Christiana, who were an- cestors of the present Sir Charles Monk, Bart., of Belsay.+ The ancestors of the Carrs, of Ditchburn, held lands in Lesbury, in the sixteenth century and subsequently ; they were descendants of the Carrs of Hetton and Newcastle ; and important personages some of them had been. George Carr, of Lesburie, appears in Sir Rob. Bowes’ list of gentle- men inhabiting the county in 1551, within the Middle March ;{ and in 1554, he was one of the commissioners for inclosures of the Eastern Marches. One of them, Robert Carr, who was a rebel in 1569, had previously held the mill of Ayne and houses for 30 years, at a rent of £10 14s. 4d. yearly ; and another of them, John Carr, was owner of copy- hold estates in Lesbury, in 1586. John Carr, who seems to have been his nephew, also held lands in Lesbury, and by his marriage in 1618 with Dorothy, daughter of Collingwood, of Great Ryle, he acquired West Ditchburn estate. Mem- bers of the family, however, continued to reside at Lesbury. John Carr, while living there, voted at the election of mem- bers of Parliament in 1722, on account of West Ditchburn. The latest record in the Lesbury Church registers relating to this family is that of the baptism of John, son of Mr Richard Carr, on Oct. 12,1757. Mr Robert Carr, of West Ditchburn, is now the representative of this family in Northumberland. Other free owners there were at Lesbury, in 1569. Richard Mydlam held a parcel of land called Levelands, by charter, at a rent of 5s. 2d.; and George Lawson and Richd. held other lands at the rent of 2s. 3d. The Church- wardens held freely two selions of land in the fields of Les- bury, at the rent of 2d. Edward Alnewyke and Thomas * [In 1390, three tenements in Alnmouth, a messuage, and 20 acres of land in Lestbury were in possession of ‘‘ Jacoba uxor Johis de Stryvelyn Chr. | + [Hodgson, vol. i. ] { Newcastle Reprints. § [In the Cartington Rental, 21st Dec. 15, Hen VII. (1499) the vicar of the Church of Alnemouth, held, as a free tenant in Lessebury, certain culti- vated land, called Redeles Flat, formerly belonging to John de Alnemouth, Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 445 Daund held arable lands lying separately in the common fields of Lesbury, at one time parcel of lands called Hippes- bourne Hill, at a rent of 7s. 10d.* In the sixteenth century, Copyholders, who had been developed from the Bond-men and Cot-men of earlier times, were a numerous body in Lesbury. According to an enroll- ment, at a court held at Alnwick in 1586, thirty five copy- holds were in that vill, all held on the same tenure, but differing in the extent of land belonging to them. One class, anciently called Bond-men, had besides a built tene- ment and a croft, a husbandland usually from twenty four to thirty acres or more; but the other class, anciently called Cot-men, is described as having a cottage and croft, and sometimes a garden, but with only one or two selions or - ridges of land ; both however enjoyed rights over the com- mon, which belonged to the township. Each paid, according to ancient usage, a quit rent yearly, and on the alienation of the property, either by inheritance or sale, a fine was paid to the lord, the amount of which, fixed by ancient usage, was for the larger holdings, about three times the annual quit rent, and for the smaller, a sum ranging from 4s. to 7s. The following list of Copyholders will shew the names of the inhabitants of Lesbury three centuries ago :— John Fiffe........ 39 4 Will. Haryston....41 10 James Renwyck ..35 10 John Tailor ...... 44 6 Will. Wilkinson ..40 0 Tho. Ladyman....382 0 Rob. Christine ....49 5 John Rumpeth....40 0 MEO PATON: ty0,<. 5.0 40 0 Thos. Slegge...... 23 0 ho: Hider ...... 44 6 Edw. Smyth...... 43 6 Geo. Templyn ....41 10 Will. Harrison .,..40 2 Rob. Grene ...... 49 6 Mito. APaee 0: sts art 40 2 Will. Mylne ..... 40 2 Rob. Atkinson ....41 2 Tho. Armourer .. —— John! Carr... stead 43 1 Edw. Slegge...... 39 3 Will. Lawson .... 2 4 Will. Wilkinson .. 1 0 Isabella Robynson 2 6 John Todde ..... 1 4 Tho. Milne ...... 0 4 Rob. Tomlinge.... 0 10 Tho. Shepheard 0 2 John.Harkus .... 1 3 Will. Harryson.... 0 7 Matthew Smart .. 0 7 Will. Cowper .... 2 8 John Beropp...... 1 8 and rendered yearly to the lord, 94; but the old rent was 2d; asa tenant at will, the vicar of Lessebury, held one messuage, and 1 husband land (42s), 1 cottage (5s), and a cottage (2s 6d), and rendered yearly at Michaelmas and Whaitsuntide, 99s 6d.—Dickson’s History of Alnmouth, p. 36. * Humberston Survey, p. 39. [In 40 Eliz. William Toppin leased Lesbury mill to Sir John Forster. (Calendar of Leases.) ] 446 Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. All these Copyholds have been extinguished ; but at what period this was finally achieved, we know not. The raid against this class of owners was commenced by the great barons, not long after the Reformation ; for the extravagant mode of living which then began to prevail, exhausted the resources of courtiers, and caused them to cast a covetous eye on the possessions of the humbler yeomanry ; and ulti- mately, in this district, the whole of these small though ancient estates, was absorbed into the large baronies; and the descendants of those who tilled their own soil, and lived in freedom on its produce, sunk into a kind of servile condition. Of some feudal customs and impositions there are glimpses in Lesbury. A Hallmote or Manorial Court was held there from an early period. I have seen the roll of one held in 1519. The inhabitants paid ten shillings yearly in 1569, from ancient use and wont to the lord of the manor, for a common brew-house ; and they sent Watchers to the Aln- wick fairs, to be quit of paying tolls in the fairs and markets of that borough ; even at the present time two men are sent for that purpose by Lesbury and Bilton. For Cornage the township paid 16d. yearly. Claims were made by the lord upon the tenants, to carry various things to Alnwick Castle; but such services were resisted or unwillingly given; in 1682, eighteen of the inhabitants were dragged before the Alnwick baronial court, for not leading slates from Seaton Car to Alnwick Castle, and each was amerced from Is. 8d. to 3s. 4d. Rent hens were a very unpopular charge, and raised a mob; James Grey of Lesbury, was brought before the court at Alnwick, in 1695, by the collector, “for a rescue when he was executing his office in collecting the rent hens.” Each township had to have its corn ground at the lord’s mill, from which no inconsiderable revenue was derived; for violating this feudal obligation, the millers of Lesbury mill, in 1686, brought before the court, the millers of Warkworth, “for fetching and carrying away several quantities of corn from the inhabitants of Alemouth, to be ground at their own mill of Warkworth, which ought to grind at Lesbury ;’ and each was amerced 3s. 4d. [In respect to encroachments, in 1601, Sir John Forster had “ enclosed ground called Mer- den Banks, and taken the growing hay belonging to Les- bury.” ] Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 447 Coming down to a more recent period, we find Thomas Fenwick, of Lesbury, Gent., included in a list of freeholders in 1628; and that the family of Coulter or Coulthard, held land in Lesbury for near to two centuries. Michael Coulter was one of the jury of the Court Baron, held at Alnwick, May 7th, 1690; he died at Lesbury on Feb. 23rd, 1722, aged 75 years. John Coulter, his son, in 1742, left to the poor of the parish, £20, which in 1786, produced £2 9s. 6d. yearly, the rent of a gallery in the church. Michael Coulthard of London, voted on account of his property in Lesbury at the election of members for the county, in 1826. After this the property was sold to the Duke of Northumberland. Excepting 14 acres belonging to the Vicarage, 3 acres to the owner of the rectorial tithes, 44 acres to the school, and land belonging to the North Eastern Railway Company, the whole land of the township is in the possession of the Duke of Northumberland. There are eight farm holdings, differing in extent from 80 acres to 325 acres ; and let on an average at 27s. per acre. Lesbury is now a mere country village—long and strag- gling, chiefly composed of cottages. There are now in it, the vicarage, two farm houses, one inn, a large mansion, called Lesbury House, a blacksmith’s shop, a school, and 46 cottages. Thirty one of these cottages belong to the Duke of Northumberland, and to all of them land is attached ; the quantity in 14 of them exceeds three acres, and one has as much as 64 acres; 12 of them have from 4 an acre to 1 acre, and 5 others have less than 4 an acre. There are 15 cottages besides, which belong to other owners. Lesbury, Hawkhill, Bilton, and Wooden townships, are united for the purposes of the Poor Law; the whole in 1870 were assessed at a gross rental of £7846 1s. 7d., and at a rateable value of £7331 8s. 9d.; the rate in that year was 1s. 7d. in the pound, amounting to £581 9s. 14d.* The population in 1801, amounted to 524, in 1811, to 505, in 1821, to 576, in 1831, to 561, in 1841, to 628, in 1851, to 750, in 1861, to 750, and in 1871, to 814. The increase in 70 years has been 55 per cent., or an annual increase of about 4 persons. The School is under the government of the vicar and the four and twenty of the church; it is supported partly by the rent of four and a half acres of land at Pine Hill, left [* In 1874, Lesbury was assessed for County Rate, at £9003.] 25 448 Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. in 1718 to the school by Henry Strother of Bilton;* and subscription and school fees. The endowment and subseri- tions amount yearly to about £5 ; and the school fees are three or four pence weekly, from each pupil. The attend- ance in 1870, averaged 65 scholars. Lesbury House was built by Hay, a merchant of Alnmouth, and tenant of Lesbury Mills. Wm. Hay of Aln- mouth voted at the election of the county, in 1774. The Hays were Presbyterians, and attended the Pottergate Meet- ing House at Alnwick. One of them had an entire double seat to himself, curtained round, so that when tired with sitting, he could pace backward and forward during the sermon. John Herdman, M.D., married Miss Hay, the daughter of C. Hay, and on the death of his father-in-law, succeeded to great wealth, and he lived for several years at . Lesbury House. He was born in Fifeshire in 1762, graduated at Edinburgh, and became a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, London. For several years he practised in London, and was one of the physicians in ordinary to His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex ; and he was the author of several medical treatises. He altered his opinions on medi- cine and abandoned his profession, considering that to “min- ister to nature and to conform to her operations by sobriety and regularity of life, were the only safe means to secure health ;’ and in his own conduct he acted according to this principle rejecting the use of medicine, even during his last illness. After abandoning the medical profession, he was or- dained a minister of the Church of England; and he frequently preached in the churches of Alnwick and the neighbourhood. He was a liberal supporter of public institutions, a patron of the fine arts, and a kind benefactor to the poor. He died at Lesbury on Feb. 26th, 1842, aged 80 years.t [Lesbury House belongs to the Duke of Northumberland, and is occu- pied by Major Browne, who has, at his own expense, en- larged both it and the premises. | Lesbury Church. Itis pretty certain that there was a church at Lesbury in Saxon times, when it was the most important in the district. Evidence of this is furnished by the Saxon Cross found in Alnmouth chapel, which was sub- ordinate to Lesbury church, and it is confirmed by the [* A field beyond Hipsburn, called Coulthard’s field, of about 7 acres, was left by one of the Coulthards, who died in 1790, to the School of Lesbury. This endowment appears to have been lost.—Mr. Tate’s Notes. ] + Table Book, v., p. 357. Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 449 foundation to Alnwick Abbey in 1147, by Eustace Fitz John, who gave to the Abbey the church of Lesbury, with all its appendages, and particularly with the chapels of Houghton, (Longhoughton) and of St. Waleric (Alnmouth), with all their tithes of corn, salt-works, and mills, and the chapel of Aln- wick, with its appendages. About sixty years subsequently, William de Vescy, by charter, gave to the Abbey his fishery of Lesbury, which had yielded him £10 yearly.* After this the history of the church is chiefty merged in that of the Abbey. It remained, however, a vicarage, with the lesser tithes appropriated to the support of the vicars, who were chosen by the abbot from among the monks connected with Alnwick Abbey. The names of a few of the vicars have been preserved in the Durham Records. In 1329, Robert de Emeldon was vicar, and he gave by charter to Alnwick Abbey, one toft and a quarter of an acre of land in Alemuth, and a toft and seventy acres of land in Yetlington and Callaly, and two messuages in Newcastle} After his death in 1342, John Cernare, canon of the abbey, was appointed vicar. John Vigorous occurs in 1377; and Thomas Wollour is stated to have resigned the vicarage in 1418, when John Doddington suc- ceeded, after whose death in 1420, John de Alnwyk, canon, was instituted vicar. On his resignation, in 1423, Brother William Marshall was admitted to Lesbury, but in the same year it is recorded that Robert de Middleham was appointed vicar of Les- bury. In 1426, John de Alnwick, a regular, was admitted vicar on the resignation of William Marshall.t On the death of John de Alnewyk, July 24th, 1433, William de Eslyngton was institu- ted vicar. Sir John de Alnewick occurs as vicar in 1502 ;§ and in 1531, Robert Kendall resigned the vicarage of Lesbury, on being elected abbot of Cokysande. Thomas Wynfelde, chaplain of the church of Alnewicke was instituted vicar of Lesbury, on Oct. 4th, 1531,||—the last appointment prior to the Reformation. | * Hist. of Alnwick, vol. i., Appendix, p. ix. + ibid; volo. p.) 9; { Langley’s Register, [Canon William Marshall was instituted to Chatton Church on July 8th, 1427.—Ibid. ] § Savage Vis. || Durham MSS. Ordinations [According to Mr Dickson in History of Alnmouth, p. 38, Wynfelde was presented 11th Oct., 1531, upon the resigna- tion of Kendal—and instituted 24th Oct., 1531.] [1 Other churchmen connected with Lesbury, by name at least, are :—John de Lessebire, ordained monk of Alnwick Abbey. in 1315; and Nicholas de Lessebery, ordained deacon at Auckland in 13387, upon the title of the Chantry of the Chapel of St. Catherine of Tyllemuth, given him by Walter Crayk,— Raine’s North Durham, p. 324,] 450 Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. Of the value of Lesbury church in the olden times, there are a few notices in the public records. When Pope Innocent IV. made in 1254, a taxation on Kccle- siastical property, Lescebury with its chapels was estimated at £100 yearly ; about 1291 the value is put down at £70 yearly.* In Kellaw’s register about 1312, Lescebury rectory with its chapels of Alnewyk, Houghton, and Alnemouth are valued at £105 4s., and the vicarage at £10 4s.; and in 1341, when a royal tax was collected, the church of Letybery, with the chapels Howton, Alnwick, and Alnemouth, with the vicarage of Letybery and the ninth of corn, wool, and lambs, of the parish of Letybery were assessed at £76 13s. 4d.; and so assigned to Lord de Percy, by the Bishop of Durham and Ralph de Neville. After the Reformation, the corn tithes of the townships of Lesbury, Hawkhill, and Bilton, were, according to a paper survey made Dec. 28rd, 1589, let to Sir Cuthbert Katclif, knight, and were declared worth £12 6s 8d., by the year. The tithe fish coming by the cobles, going upon the sea at Alnmouth, were worth yearly £6 13s 4d; and the tithe fish of salmon got in the Ale water, were worth 10s.; and both were let to Ratcliff. The Minister’s Accounts of the 31st and 32nd of Henry VIII., notice eight tenements in Lesbury, belonging to the Abbey, yielding an yearly rental of 35s 4d. ‘Two parts of the fishing from the west end of Alnemouth Church to Alnwick Mills, and from the aforesaid church to the sea, were demised for 40 years, at 538 4d. yearly, to George Carr of Lesburie, and Eliz. Hereford of Barne Yards. Out of the Church of Lesbury, 12s were payable yearly to the Archdeacon of Northumberland. These rentals were little more than nominal, for they were far below the real value of the property, which, however, still belonged to the crown, till 1634, when Charles I. granted to Francis Morrice and Francis Phillips, the tithes of grain, parcel of the rectory of Lesbury, arising in the towns of Lesbury, Hawkhill, and Bilton, at the rent of £12 6s 8d yearly, which was paid to the crown till 1652, when the fee-farm rents of the district were sold to John sweet- ing, citizen and stationer, London. Belonging also to Alnwick Abbey, were eight tenements in Lesbury, one each held by the following ;—John Slegge, at an yearly rent of 7s., William Wat- son, at 3s. 4d., John Legge, at 2s., Robert Shepherde, at 7s., William Grey, at 7s., Thomas Thompson, at 2s., John Watson, at 5s,, Robert Harrison, at 2s. At Alnmouth were two tene- ments, one held by Robert Pigdon, at a rent of 10d., and the * Taxatio, Jan. 13th, 1291. [+ Nonarum Inquisitiones, temp. Edw. iii —Temp. Elizabeth, 1577, Vicar- age Lesburie £8 2s 10d, (£26 alias £40 added in the middle of the 17th century.) —Barnes Originalia.—In 1535, Lesbury Vicarage, valued at £6 2s 10d., the tenths 6s 34d —Dickson’s Alnmouth, p. 38.—In 1547, the Archdeacon’s fee from Lesbury was !8s 4d.—Ibid. p. 44.] Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 451 other by William Anderson, at 10s,; and at Bilton, one tenement was held by John Sheperde, at the rent of 10s. Early in the seventeenth century, Robert Brandling purchased along with other tithes, the tithes of Lesbury; but in the course of time the property in them was split into shares. Part of them passed to Edward Cook, son-in-law of Ralph Brandling, and eventually to Isaac Cookson, who sold this share in 1824, to the Duke of Northumberland. Another part passed to Jane Forster, a grand- daughter of Ralph Brandling, and afterwards by inheritance, to Robert Ogle of Eglingham, by whose descendant it was sold to the Duke of Northumberland. Francis Brandling, in 1725, sold five-twelfth parts of the tithes of Alnwick and Lesbury, to William Coulter of Lesbury ; whose grandson William conveyed them to Robert Gelson, who sold them to Isaac Cookson. Richard Brandling in 1712, conveyed to Francis Forster, one-fifth of the Lesbury tithes, which in 1717, passed to Thomas Ilderton; and it is now held, along with another share acquired in 1776, by his descendant, the Rev. Thomas Ilderton, vicar of Felton, and now of Ilderton. According to the poor rate schedule of 1870, the rent charge for tithes in the Lesbury and Hawkhill townships, amounts to £370 4s., and belongs to John Cookson, of Meldon, and the rent charge for tithes in Bilton township, amounting to £313 28 6d., belongs to the Rev. Thomas Ilderton. The Vicarial tithes were continued as an endowment of the church, which is described as ‘‘ dedicated to St. Mary, a dis- charged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8 2s 10d, the king being patron.” ‘These tithes have been commuted into a rent charge, which, in 1870, amounted to £281 13s dd. The churchwardens iz 1569 held freely two selions of land in the fields of Lesbury at a quit rent of 2d yearly. A part of Les- bury moor, which was in Shieldykes township, also belonged to Lesbury church ; it consisted of a cottage and twenty-five acres of land ; but, some years ago, this was exchanged with the duke of Northumberland for other property in Lesbury township, We will now trace the succession of vicars, subsequent to the Reformation. Thomas Winfield, the vicar in Roman Catholic times, conform- ing to the new religion, continued vicar of Lesbury till his death. On October 2nd, 1556, Edward Adthe succeeded him. Before his death he resigned. A will of Edward Athey, clerk, made in 1565, is printed in the Surtees’ Society publications ; several bequests are left to the Atheys of Longhoughton, and to the Taylors; among others he leaves to his sister Agnes Taylor, widow, one old Riall, and to Robert Taylor, vicar of Lesbury, his best gown ; the residue of his property is also left to them whom he appoints as his executors. Tailyour was deprived by Queen Elizabeth. After Taylor, John Lademan, or Ledeman, was 452 Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. instituted vicar 11th May, 1579; and he occurs again in 1584. John Emsall appears at the visitation of 1608*, and not long after, in 1609, he was succeeded, 26th August, by Patrick Mackelvyan, A.M. This vicar has been made famous by Fuller, who says of him, ‘That being a hundred-and-ten years old, his hair came again as a child’s, of flaxen colour; that he had three teeth cut within two years, Which were not then come to perfection; that whereas forty years before he could not read the biggest print without spectacles, there was then no print nor written hand so small but that he could read it without them ; that he was so strong as he had been twenty years before; that he preached and prayed an hour and a half without any notes, and was very hearty and cheerly at that age, but stooped much. Being asked how he preached so well with so few books, and was so cheerly with so few acquaintance, he answered ‘Uf friends and books good and few are best.” Of this singular man we have local records which shew that he was remarkable also for being very quarrel- some and litigious. He was born in Galloway, Scotland, in the year 1568 ; and this we learn from his evidence against Robert Brandling, before the Court of High Commission in 1634, when he stated that he was then aged three score and six years. As early as 1610 he ap- pears at the Archdeacon’s visitation, charging Richard Widowes, Thomas Dand, and Thomas Storth with abusing him—the vicar.f He had a dispute in 1630 with Robert Brandling, who was lay impropriator of the rectory of Lesbury, and who charged him before the Court with converting to his own use corn and grain growing on ground called the Brown Rones, for which close 4s yearly rent was paid to-the earl of Northumberland. John Carr gave evidence, that, about eight years previously, an inclosure and division were made of the town fields of Lesbury, with the consent of the lord and the inhabitants; and that Mr Mackel- wyan had this close, containing ten acres, settled on him during his incumbency, on consideration of his maintaining yearly a bull and a boar or brawn, at his own cost, for the use of his neigh- bours and parishioners; but John Carr added that he himself never consented to the inclosure, that it was never part of the glebe land of the vicarage, but that it was part of the common pasture of the town. William Aumore, bailiff and col- lector of the earl’s rent also gave evidence and said that in 1629 he received from Mr Mackelvyan 3s as rent of the close, or at least pennyworth for the said rent; for Mr Mackelvyan promised to him certain hens in lieu of it, and that he has a lease of the grounds in writing. * [Sir John Hempsall appears as Vicar in 1586, in a general survey of the possessions of the Earl of Northumberland. See History of Alnmouth, p. 53.] { Durham MS. Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 453 With Robert Brandling he engaged in other fierce conflicts. On Sunday, July 16th, 1632, Brandling, after hearing prayers in Lesbury church, appointed Thomas Thompson, in the presence of the gentlemen of the parish, to pull down the clerk’s stall, and build there one for himself; but the vicar told him, that neither he nor any other person save the bishop could displace the clerk of his seat. Brandling very angrily replied, that the proudest bishop in England durst not meddle with his inheritance, mean- ing Lesbury chancel, and that if Mackelwyan meddled again, he would likewise pull down his seat and reading pew; he called Mackelwyan Galloway rogue, and threatened to lay him in prison till he starved and stinked. Mackelwyan appears again in 1637, as plaintiff before the Court of High Commission, charging William Carr, gent.,—that he did disgracefully call him, being a minister of God’s Word, thief, carle, and Galloway knave, and in a threatening manner said unto him, ‘‘Sirray, in derogation of his function and priest- hood, and did likewise scandalise his wife and call her a whore.” The scene took place in Fareinfall, part of Lesbury Fields. On the part of the defence, Robert Gray said that Mackelwyan was setting out the tithe corn before Carr came, and after Carr did come, both fell at words about the tithing, Carr reproving Mac- kelwyan for setting it out before he came, and railing against him and his wife, after which Mackelwyan called Carr a thief for saying so. The court considered the charge proved, and sentenced Carr to pay costs and make submission and acknow- ledgement before twelve of the principal inhabitants of Lesbury, at such time and place as Mr Mackelwyan shall appoint. Mackelwyan figures also repeatedly in the baronial courts, in 1654 to 1658. He was amerced 6s. 8d. for six several pound breaches, and for taking his geese out of the pinfold; and 12d. for overstinting the common, where he had no eatage—20d. for a pound breach made by his servant Alis Huggin—3s. 4d. for another pound breach made by the same servant, and taking his mare out of the pinfold—and another fine for a night layer with his mare in the West Field. There has been exaggeration as to his age; Randal represents his age at death 112 years; but as he died in 1659, he was then aged 101 years. Some of his descendants lived nearly half-a-century later in Lesbury; in the church register it is recorded that James Mackelwyan was buried in 1699, and Agnes Mackelwyan on March 17th, 1701. [Mr. Tate deals rather hardly with the famous centenarian, who stood up so stoutly in a rough age. to maintain his supposed rights. More about his history may be found in the ‘‘ Memoirs of Percival Stockdale,” vol. i., p.p. 146—153. Mr Stockdale has preserved the following reminiscences. ‘‘ He passed a part of his very long life in the reign of Charles II. The plague which 454 Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. afflicted London* in the reign of that sovereign, reached to Les- bury; and occasioned a considerable mortality in our village. Those of its inhabitants who were infected with the dreadful disease, were removed to tents, which were erected for their re- ception in the neighbouring moor—there our pious, and vener- able pastor attended them with great assiduity ;—he consoled them with his prayers offered for them to the throne of grace; and assisted in procuring such medicines as their malady requir- ed.” (p. 154.) He has also some particulars about one of his daughters and her husband, which are curious, and not gener- ally known. ‘I have been industrious, he says, but in vain, to find the spot where this venerable clergyman was buried. His grand-daughter was buried in the northern extremity of the church-yard, opposite to my parlour window; and itis not im- _ probable that this was the place of his interment. I had her tomb-stone taken up, as I supposed that some inscription might have sunk, through time; but no letters were found. On the top of it is the name of William Gair, who died on the 27th of May, 1749. ‘This man married the grand-daughter of Patrick Makelwian. She kept a school in the house which is now the poor-house of the parish of Lesbury. The best recollected char- acteristic of her memory is, that she was a terror of a school- mistress; a female Busby in severity; but not, I apprehend, in learning. William Gair, her husband, was a carpenter; and in one instance, he exercised his profession in a very remarkable way, Hoe made a coffin for himself, and another for his wife ; which were lodged in his house many years before either of them died.” p. 152.] During the Commonwealth, a survey, usually called the Oliverian Survey, was made of the Northumberland churches in 1650; regarding Lesbury it says: “ That the parish of Lesburye is a viccaridge, the late Bishop of Durham patron thereof, Mr Patrick Macklewyen serveth the cure there, and the said vicca- ridge is of the yearly value of thirty and five pounds; that the chapel] of Aemouth belongeth to the said parish, and it is fitt that Shilbottle Towne, Whittal, and Woodhouse be united and added to the said church of Lesbury.”’t William Coxe next appears as vicar in 1663, and he was suc- ceeded on Jan. 11th, 1666, by John Falder, who at the same time held the vicarage of Shilbottle; ‘‘a man of good learning and unblameable life.’”’ The Rev. Will, Fenwick, A.M., follows in 1673, and his name occurs in an agreement in 1688; he also at the same time held Shilbottle. The Rev. James Forster was inducted vicar in 1691; he also held Shilbottle; he died in 1712, [* The plague ravaged London in 1665.—Evelyn’s Diary. ] +In 1661, August 14, Edward Shepherd, George Wardle, John Morrow, Wm. Brown, were the old churchwardens; Alex. Page, Edw. Wood, John Murray, and William Armourer, were the new churchwardens.— Visitation, Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 455 and was buried on August 27th. He must have died poor, for an order was made by the session of Shilbottle parish, for paying his widow twelve pence weekly; and therefore on October 29th, 1717, the minister, churchwardens, and four-and-twenty of Shil- bottle ordered an assessment of nine pence per farm for this object. The Rev. Edward Shanks, who was inducted vicar on Nov. 8th, 1712, was also vicar of Shilbottle; he voted in 1722 at the elec- tion of members for the county. The Rev. Lawrence Carr appears in the church register as vicar on April 15th, 1725. The Rev. George Woofe was transferred from Shilbottle to Lesbury vicarage in 1726, and he died in 1749. The Rev. Nathaniel Elli- son, A.M., was inducted on Jan. 12th, 1758, and died on Feb. 27th, 1775; he held also the vicarage of Whelpington. The Rev. W. Forster, A.M,, was inducted on June 6th, 1775, and died, I be- lieve, in 1784. He was a descendant of the Forsters, of Buston. His sons and daughters lived in Alnwick many years; one son, Joseph, after realising a fortune, asa broker in London, and living thirteen years in Alnwick, an active and liberal supporter of its charities, succeeded to the estates of Dr Gordon Joseph Forster, of Newton-by-the-Sea, and of Buston, who died 18th February, 1856, aged 86 years; which on the death of Joseph Forster, on November 3rd, 1869, at the advanced age of 88 years, were inherited by John Magenis Forster, Esq., a grandson of John Forster, and great grandson of the vicar of Lesbury. The next vicar was a nan of some literary distinction. The Rev. Percival Stockdale, who was presented with the vicarages of Lesbury and Longhoughton in 1784, was born at Branxton, on October 26th, 1736, the only son of the Rev. Thos. Stockdale, the vicar of that place. He was educated at the Aln- wick and Berwick grammar schools; and afterwards attended St. Andrew’s University about one year; but after the death of his father, he became second lieutenant in the Royal Welsh Fusileers, and served in the expedition against St. Philip in Mi- norca. His regiment being ordered abroad, he resigned his com- mission in November, 1757; and two years afterwards he was ordained a deacon of the Church of England ; and went to Lon- don, where he enjoyed the society of Dr Samuel Johnson, Gold- smith, Garrick, and other literary men of reputation. For several years he had to depend chiefly on his literary labours for his sus- tenance. His life was very troubled, irregular, and unhappy; he admits he was idle and advanced fast in folly. For a time he was curate of the vicar of Berwick, ‘‘ waging ”’ he says, ‘‘ for five years determined war against his own credit and happiness.” He was relieved from his difficulties by his preferment to the vicar- ages of Lesbury and Longhoughton, A remarkable display of his vanity remains in the Lesbury register; for after chronicling his induction he adds, ‘‘ Un grand nom vaut plus que toutes les 205 456 Lesbury Parish by the late George Tate, F.G.S. epithetes.” He was twice married ; and while his first wife was living he went to the continent with Miss Christiana Buck, whom, however, he married after his first wife’s death; but from her too he soon separated. After being settled at Lesbury, a hoax was played upon him; he was informed by letter that his wife had died, and that her remains had been sent to Alnmouth, by ship, for burial at Lesbury. Kejoiced at the news, he prepared for her funeral, and went aboard the vessel on its arrival; but to his horror he found a living instead of adead wife. ‘The Dead Alive again,”’ a farce on the subject, written by Thomas Colling- wood, was printed and acted at Alnwick. He died at Lesbury, on September 14th, 1811, aged 78 years, and was buried at Cornhill. He was a voluminous author and enjoyed some repu- tation in his own day, but his works are now neglected. He wrote poems, sermons, political pamphlets, memoirs, criticisms, and essays. A life of Waller was held in considerable esteem ; and his largest work “ Lectures on the Poets,’”’ may even now be read with pleasure and profit. His autobiography, in two volumes, dedicated to his friend Miss Porter, is interesting to north-countrymen. [For other notices of Stockdale see his Me- moirs, 2 vols 8vo., London, 1809, where there is a list of his writings ;— Quarterly Review, vol. i., p. 371, May 1809; Memoir by Miss Jane Porter, in Nichols’s Literary Anecdotes, vol. viii., p- 18;—Raine’s North Durham, p. 324, note ;—Disraeli’s Calam- ities and Quarrels of Authors, p. 219;—Mackenzie’s History of Northumberland, vol. i., pp, 359-360 ;—Local Historian’s Table- Book, vol. iii., pp. 109-111;—Tate’s History of Alnwick, vol. ii., pp. 93-94. The Rev. William Procter, A.M., who was master of the gram- mar school and curate of Alnwick, was inducted vicar on August 6th, 1812; he also obtained the vicarage of Longhoughton ; he died March 19th, 1839, aged 77 years. Of this amiable vicar I have given a short memoir in the History of Alnwick (vol. ii., pp. 94-97.) The Rev. Oswald Head was inducted vicar on June 4th, 1839; he was also rector of Howick, and died 1st February, 1854, aged 55 years. The Rev. Charles Dowson succeeded, but resigned the vicarage in 1858. The present vicar, the Rev. Edward Lawrence Marrett, M.A., was inducted on September 17th, 1858. uf the Saxon or early Norman church, which was in existence in 1145, when it was given to Alnwick Abbey, there are now no remains ; for the present structure was erected in the beginning of the thirteenth century, in the Lancet or Early English style of architecture, and it is but a poor specimen of the period. Church- wardian alterations had been made in the course of last century ; but about 1854, a rate of sixpence in the pound having been collected for the purpose, it was extensively repaired and restored under the direction of Mr Salvin; the south wall was rebuilt ; Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 457 the arch between the nave and tower was heightened and recon- structed ; the nave arcade was renewed ; the roofs of the chancel and nave were raised ; windows were reopened and restored ; and the tower roof was altered. A square tower attached to the nave at the west end, is but little altered, and isa plain stern struc- ture, with lancet windows on the south and the west sides, but with an unbroken wall on the north; the new pyramidal slate roof, however, gives to it a dove-cote look. The entrance porch at the south west end of the nave is modern. Small simple lancet windows in the south and north watls of the nave and chancel are restorations of the original windows: but the large east window of the chancel having three pointed lights with cusped headings, a copy, I understand, of some Perpendicular window, has replaced one of the churchwardian style. It is filled with stained glass ; in the centre light is a figure of Christ, and in the others orna- mental designs in somewhat gaudy colours. The interior of the church is more impressive than the exterior. The area is oblong, about 83 feet in length, and where widest 35 feet broad. The chancel, which is proportionally very long, being more than half the length of the area, is divided from the nave by an acute pointed arch, resting on plain imposts and round pillars. An arcade of pointed arches is between the nave and the chancel and a north aisle ; but the south-east portion of the chancel is en- closed as a vestry-room. [for a plate and plan of Lesbury Church see Mr F. R. Wilson’s Survey of the Churches of Lindis- farne, p. 124.] There are a few memorial slabs and tablets in the church, but none earlier than 1708 ; the most interesting are the following :-— HERE LIETH UNDER BURI HERE LYETH UNDERNEATH ED THE BODY OF ARTHUR THE BODY OF STROTHER oF Bitton B Rospert CARR GENT ANKS WHO DEPARTED WHO DEPARTED THIS THIS LIFE THE 26TH DAY LIFE THE 26TH DAY OF oF SEPTEMBER ANNO Juty 1726 AND DOMINI 1708 MARGT HIS WIFE Henry StrrorHer oF BILTon WHO DEPARTED THIS Banks GENT. INTERED THE LIFE THE 16TH DAY OF 17TH DAY OF JULY 1718. 17 AGED HERE LYETH THE BODY oF MicHAELL CoULTER WHO DEPARTED THIS HERE LYETH THE BODY OF THOMAS LIFE THE 23 oF ARMORER OF LESBURY WHO FEB IN THE YEAR OF DEPARTED THIS LIFE APRIL 21 our Lorp 1722 pay Anno Dom. 1741. AGED 80. AND IN THE 76TH YEAR His AGE 458 Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. There are other monuments to. Brown of Alndyke, the Garretts of Wooden, to Roseden of Bilton Barns, to the Carrs of Hipsburn, and to the Marchs of Field House. [An instance of longevity is recorded in 1756, December 31 : —‘ Died at Lesbury, Mary Bennet, aged 110, who (except her sight, which she lost about three years before) enjoyed all her faculties to the last.” *] [Mr Tate notes the following remarkable names of places in Lesbury township or parish :—-Gozell Hill, Swelly Hill, Shell Laws, Edin Hill ; Wildhope Hall, 4 mile north of Bilton ; Hun- gerup farm, Lesbury. | HAWKHILL.+ Hawkhill township is in the north part of the parish of Lesbury, and has an area of 736a. Or. 14p.; viz, land, 709.565 acres, public roads, 12.965 acres, railway, 2.933 acres, and water 10.624 acres. Richard de Hauekehill held it of William de Vesey by one fee of ancient feoffment, that is before 1135 ;f and in 1289 Nicholas de Hauekille held it by one fee, and an yearly pay- ment of 13s 4d, the estate being then worth £12 yearly ; he, at unknown date, granted a rent out of Hawkhill to Brink- burn Priory.|| John de Burghdon in 1314 held it, being then worth £16 yearly by one fee and the payment yearly of 13s 4d for castle ward ;§ and in 1346, Alicia Burghdon held the vills Hauchill and Heworth (Ewart) of Henry de Percy, by homage and fealty, by service of one fee and one third, and payment for Castle Ward 17s 94d; they were worth £20 yearly.1 From an inquisition made in 1368 we find that both Hawkhill and Ewart were in possession of Thomas de Gray, on the same conditions as those by which they were held by Burghdon; as early as 1345 Thomas de ‘Gray had a free warren ‘in Hawkhill, and ever since that time Hawkhill has belonged to the family of Grey, and is now the property of Earl Grey. In the Court Leet, * Table Book, i1., p. 69. + This is written variously, Hawkyll, Haukille, Haukhill, Hauckille, Hauchill, Haukehall, Haukle, Awkehyll, &c. ] [t Testa de Neville —Michael Hawkille witnesses a charter of Eustace de Vescy to Alnwick Abbey; Richard de Hawkill witnesses one of William de Vescy; Nicholas de Hawkill witnesses one of William de Vescy, son of Eustace ; and also of John de Vescy ] || Arch. Adliana. [§ See Hartshorne’s Feud. and Mil. Antiq. Northd. vol. ii , App. p. cxxiii.] 4 Ibid. p. cxxix. Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 459 1655, William Brown, of Haukle, gent.,is mentioned. In 1656, Wm. Brown complains against Patrick Maclewyan, clerk, who is amerced 3s 2d. In 1704, the Earl of Derwent- water was afree tenant in Hawkle. In 1663, Lord Grey was rated at the value of £100 for Hawkhill. In the royal survey made by Hall and Humberston in 1569, we have the following entry :—‘Sir Thomas Grey holds the vill of Hakeley (Hawkhill) with all lands, tene- ments, feedings, pastures, rents, tenements, and other appur- tenances, freely, by service of one fee, suit of court at Aln- wick, paying yearly for castle ward 13s 4d, and for cornage 1s 4d.” The inhabitants of the vill were liable to the pay- ment of 20d yearly to the barony of Alnwick, from imme- morial usage. One very singular feudal imposition is still continued, called Manor Barley, amounting to nearly 27 new bolls of barley paid to Longhoughton mill. Hawkhill farm was tenanted from 1832 by Thomas Chrisp one of an ancient and distinguished family of farmers. He was a very successful breeder of short horns. His short- horned bull carried off the prize at the Paris Universal Exhibition, in June, 1855. So much appreciated was his obtaining this honour for Northumberland, as well as for his services to the public; and so much was he respected for his honourable, kind, and genial character, that a public testi- monial of plate was presented to him, from farmers and others, at a public dinner given to him in Alnwick, on De- cember 29th, 1855.* He died in 1868. [Since Mr Tate wrote, Hawkhill farm has become the pro- perty of the Duke of Northumberland, having been ex- changed by Earl Grey for lands at Longhoughton, adjoining Howick.t | An instance of longevity is recorded at Hawkhill, on Feb. 12, 1819, when David Watson died, aged 102. “ Hakell brigge” is mentioned in 1620,]|| WOODEN. Wooden, which is a small township or hamlet in the south part of the parish of Lesbury, contains 276a. 34p., viz— land, 270°650a., public roads, 2°018a., railway, 3°435a., and water, ‘110a. * See Latimer’s Historical Register, p. 378. [¢ Information from Mr R. G. Bolam.] { Table Book, iii., p. 194. || History of Alnwick, ii., p. 259. 460 Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. The old name was Walden, from the Anglo-Saxon Weald, woodland, of which the present name is a corruption. Richard de Emeldon, who died in 1333, besides other pos- sessions, held land in Walden which passec to John de Stri- velyn, who had married Jane, his third daughter.* Through other marriages, Strivelyn was connected with the families of Middleton and Swinhoe; and, when he died, many of his possessions “including one tenement and the third part of a tenement and forty acres of land and meadow in Wolden (Wooden) on socage tenure,” became, through a settlement, the property of John Middleton and his wife Christiana ; and these estates were in the possession of Christiana in 1421. The family of Thompson held Wooden for more than half- a-century. According to the court rolls the heirs of John Thompson had lands in Wooden in 1656 ; Mr. Henry Thomp- son isin 1663 rated for it at the value of £60; in 1693, the heirs of John Thompson and William Brown, Esq., were owners of Wooden; and in 1704 it was held by Thomas Thompson and William Browne, Esq. Ralph Lazenby of Hexham, voted for it at the election of members for the county, in 1722; and John Gill, living in Edinburgh, voted for it in 1774. [At the Alnwick Sessions of 1682, “Mrs. Margaret Bell and her son Mr. Samuel Bell, of Wooden, were presented to be dissenters.—soe reputed.” +] BILTON. Bilton vill or township, on the south-west part of Lesbury parish, has an area of 138a. 25 perches; viz— land, 1337°641a., public roads, 16°250a., railway, 22°685a., water, 5°576a. ‘ It was held in the thirteenth century on military tenure, from William de Vescy, by Herveus de Bilton, by service of one fee of anciert feoffment, (that is before the day of the death of Henry I, A.D. 1135). It was held in 1289, by Henry de Bilton, by service of one fee and an yearly rent 13s. 4d., being then worth £13 yearly; and in 1346, by [* By an Inquisition of 1864, Christiana, wife of Sir William de Plumpton, but first married to Richard de Emeldon, had held besides many other places, “‘ Woldon, Alnemouth, Lathebury.” Hodgson, vol.i, pt. 11, p. 82.] ¢ Hist. of Alnwick, ii., p. 160. [{ William de Bilton, along with Michael Haukhille, signs a charter of Eustace de Vescy, to Alnwick Abbey.— Hist. of Alnwick, vol. i., Appendix, p- x-] Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. 461 Alianor, widow of Richard de Bilton, being then worth twenty marks. After this another family appears as owner ; for in 1358, William, the son of Henry de Bilton granted to Robert de Umfraville, senior, knight, the rever- sion of the manor and vill of Bylton, which John de Belyng- ham held during the life of Alianor ; and accordingly we find Robert de Umfiraville in possession of the vill and manor in 1368.{ The old owners had at Bilton their pele tower, or fortified house, some portions of which were standing on the north side of the old road at the east end of the village. Under the protection of this tower were grouped the cottages in which lived the copyholders who tilled their own lands in the township. Of these small proprietors there were seven- teen in 1569, all, excepting two, having a messuage and a husbandland, (about 30 acres of cultivated land), with rights over Bilton common, and paying quit rents to the lord of the manor, ranging from 8s. to 21s. 4d. yearly ; two of them were smaller holdings with only a selion of land attached to the cottage, the quit rents being each 3d. and 2s. The following are the names and amount of quit rent of the ancient yeomanry of Bilton in 1586. Edward Alnewick 13s 4d. Thomas Anderson 21s 4d. Robert May 13s 4d. Edward Shepperd 18s 6d. Thomas Sheppearde 21s 4d. Edward Slegge 40s, John Heppell 15s 4d. Thomas Daund 18s. John Blith 19s. Edward Alnewick 11s. Edward Alnwick 21s 4d. Thomas Dobson — 3d. John Forster 18s 6d. John Taylor 8s. Thomas Patterson 19s 4d. William Grey 2s. John Stampe 13s 4d. Henry Gallon then held a tenement by indenture for 21 years at a quit rent of 21s. 4d. Coal was worked in the township not only for home consumption, but for export ; William Grey had a lease from the lord of the manor in 1569, for 60 years, at a rent of £4 14s.—of the mines and coal pits in the fields of Bilton, within the closes and beyond, with free passage to Aylemouth. Some feudal charges were made upon the inhabitants of Bilton ; they paid yearly 13s. 4d. for castle ward and 16d. for cornage, and to the bailiff of Lesbury as due to the lord by prescription, in respect of their ploughs, 7s. 10d., which [ft Hartshorne, vol. ii., App. p cxxix.] ¢{ Archeolog. Aliana, n.s , vol. i, 462 Lesbury Parish, by the late George Tate, F.G.S. was called carrying Silver. They were bound too to carry coals to Alnwick Castle; for we find eight of the inhabitants amerced 3s. 4d. each for withdrawing this service. A common belonged to the vill of Bilton, to which re- ference is made in the court rolls of 1601 ; when the tenants of Wowden and Buston were charged that “they do pretend title to a parcel of land in the common of Bilton wrongfully.” All the copyholders have been swept away, and the common has been enclosed. After this period there are very few references to proprietors in Bilton ; William Cooper of New- castle voted at the election of members for the county, in 1734, for his property in Bilton. The family of Strother held land there for a few generations; Arthur Strother was rated in 1663 for part of Bilton; he died on Sept. 26th 1708, and was buried in Lesbury church. Henry Strother of Bilton Banks, gent., died in 1718, and left land called Pine Hall to Lesbury School; and the last record I have seen connected with Bilton, is that of his marriage,—“1734, Oct., Mr. Henry Strother of Bilton Banks, married to Mrs. Francis Carr of Lesbury.”’ All the land of Bilton now belongs to the Duke of Northumberland. At Bilton somewhat more than a century ago, women were first employed in this district to hoe turnips. Oats were then sown three years in succession on the same ground, which, however, was ploughed deeply with four oxen, the yield being about ten bolls per acre ; and on the fourth year turnips were sown broadcast, and the plants were singled by the Alnwick gardeners, at a contract price; but in one favourable year the crop of turnips was so large on Mr. Thompson’s farm, that the gardeners would not undertake the work at the usual price; and he therefore employed women from the village at four pence per day, to single the plants ; and afterwards women were generally employed at this work.* In this township there are five farms from 40 acres to 553% acres in extent, let on an average at about 16s. per acre. In the village there are a farm house and nine cott- ages ; to four of these from 3 acres to 44 acres are attached, and to the others, half an acre or less. The Railway Station is near to the village. On the east of the Dene were the Bilton pits—A fault runs up the Dene and cuts off the coal. Good coal is sup- posed to be at Bilton Banks. * Information of Mr. Thompson of Broxfield, 1866. 463 Ornithological Notes. By Ropert Gray, F.R.S.E. PEREGRINE Fatcon.—(Falco peregrinus.) During the winter months the Peregrine Falcon is still met with occasionally in Ber- wickshire and the Lothians. It formerly had its eyrie on the cliffs at Fast Castle and St. Abb’s Head. I have driven the birds from their nests in both localities. I still regard Fast Castle as a breeding place, though it is possible that the other eyrie has been deserted since the lighthouse was erected. Two beautiful Pere- grines were shot near North Berwick, in December, 1875. They were male and female, and were supposed to have been reared on the Bass Rock. I have been indebted to Mr Small, of this city, for an opportunity of seeing the birds, RoveH-LecceD Buzzarv.—(Buteo lagopus.) Unusual numbers of this bird have occurred in the eastern counties of Scotland during the present winter. I have a record of upwards of thirty specimens taken in various Scotch localities in the months of November and December last. The Buzzards reached our coasts during the severe north-easterly gales which prevailed in the end of October and the early part of November, and appear to have been first seen in Forfarshire, whence they spread rapidly south- wards. ‘Two, a male and a female, were shot near Selkirk, on 26th October; one, a male, at Coldinyham about the same time ; a fourth, a female, was trapped near Haddington, on 6th Novem- ber, and on the 28th of that month other two occurred in Sel- kirkshire. Later still, two, both males, were shot in the neigh- bourhood of Kelso. All these birds I had an opportunity of ex- amining, besides many more taken in the counties of Fife, Mid Lothian, Roxburgh, and Dumfries. It is a noteworthy fact in connection with the late invasion that the flight of the Buzzards was diverted westwards by the trending of the Tay and Forth; in the one case the birds were found in greater numbers in the neighbourhood of Dundee and the Carse of Gowrie, where thir- teen were trapped or shot ; while in the other they would appear to have gathered in some numbers in the county of Stirling—ten specimens having been taken on one estate alone. Those which came south of the Forth, were, for the most part, found to the east of Edinburgh, Peebles, and Dumfries—only three having been, so far as I am aware, obtained in Kirkcudbright and Wig- townshires. These Buzzards—undoubtedly of Scandinavian origin—were all in excellent plumage, some of them indeed being almost perfect. SHORT-EARED Owx.—( Otus brachyotos.) Has occurred in great numbers in Berwickshire and the Lothians within the last three months. I examined twenty-seven specimens which had been sent to Edinburgh almost entirely from these counties, for pre- 2G 464 Ornithological Notes, by Robert Gray, F.R.S.E. servation, before the end of October. Like the Rough-legged Buzzard, these Owls were in beautiful plumage, and many of them no doubt, arrived from other shores in their company. Waite Waertain.—(Motacilla alba.) I observed two speci- mens of the White Wagtail flying about some heaps of manure in a field near Burntisland, in Fifeshire, on 2nd October, 1875, and I record the circumstance here in the belief that if regularly looked for in East Lothian and Berwickshire it will yet be found in small numbers in both counties. It appears to be livelier in its mevements than the Field Wagtail, to which it is very closely allied. Of late years it has been found to be rather a common bird in the Orkney Islands; and my friend, Capt. Feilden, ob- served it frequently in the Faroe Islands. From one of my note books, I find that I saw one of these birds near Strachur, on the banks of Loch Fyne, on 14th September, 1873. HoopEp Crow.—(Corvus cornix.) This bird is strictly a winter visitant in East Lothian and Berwickshire, where it chiefly fre- quents the sea-coast in small flocks for the purpose of feeding on what the tide throws upon the beach. During the severe frost of December, 1874, immense numbers of starlings, pipits, snow- buntings, redwings, and fieldfares succumbed to the weather, and at various places along shore, from Berwick to Aberlady, were seen dropping into the water through sheer exhaustion. These became the prey of the Hooded Crows, numbers of which were hovering in the vicinity on the look-out for the perishing birds. At low water, in such localities as Aberlady Bay and the Tyne estuary, the sands bore ample evidence of the slaughter carried on by these Crows—quantities of feathers and half-de- voured bodies being strewn upon the beach. RoiieR.—(Coracias garrula.) It may not be out of place here to state that a young male Roller was shot at Dalhousie, near Lasswade, within ten miles of Edinburgh, by Mr Dickson, game- keeper, on 14th October, 1874, TurtLteE Dove—(Columba turtur.) One flew on board a ship when opposite Dunbar, in June, 1872. RED-LEGGED Parrripee.—(Perdix rufa.) Mr Scot-Skirving informs me that Mr Hope, of Luffness, has introduced this beau- tiful bird into East Lothian, and that it is now abundant—large coveys being in the habit of frequenting Gullane Hill. PureLe Heron.—(Ardea purpurea.) Animmature female bird of this species was shot near Dalkeith, on 21st October, 1872. As the Purple Heron is a bird of extreme rarity in Scotland, I may be allowed this opportunity of mentioning that five days pre- viously, namely, on the 16th October, one, also in immature plumage, was shot on the old links at Aberdeen, and is now in the College Museum of that city. I am indebted to Mr George Sim for a note of the occurrence. Ornithological Notes, by Robert Gray, F.R.S.E. 465 Green SanpPrreR.—(Zotanus ochropus.) Since my last commu- nication, I have learned that the Green Sandpiper is a frequent, if not a regular, visitant to Mid Lothian. One, which I have ex- amined, was shot by Col. Gillon, on the margin of Linlithgow Loch, in the end of September, 1875, and another was seen in its company. Rurr.—(Machetes pugnax.) Is found in small flocks on the shores of the Frith of Forth, but is met with in greater numbers in the estuary further inland than Queensferry, as many as a dozen in a flock being observed on the mud banks near Grange- mouth, where my friend, Mr Harvie Browne, on a recent occa- sion, shot five birds out of a single flock. BEAN Goose.—(Anser segetum.) This bird seems to have been very scarce during the winter of 1874-75 ;—the Pink-footed Goose having apparently taken its place. Unusual numbers of the latter bird have been seen and killed in Berwickshire and Kast Lothian ; and even in Stirlingshire where it has hitherto been a comparative stranger. Common SHELLDRAKE.—( Zadorna Vulpanser.) Kight or ten pairs of this beautiful bird still breed annually on Inch Mickery. They were seen there on 4th June, 1875. Shelldrakes are still com- mon on the shell banks on the estuary of the Forth, near Grange- mouth, where at full tide they come quite near the beach. Turrep Duck.—(Fuligula cristata.) The Tufted Duck will, in all likelihood, be found breeding in Berwickshire and the adjoining counties, if carefully looked for. In May, 1875, a nest with ten eggs was found ona small island in a lake in Fifeshire. The eggs were taken and placed under a barn-door fowl; they were all hatched, and five of the birds grew up—one, a female, being still alive, and in the possession of Mr A. B. Herbert, of Trinity Lodge, who exhibited the bird at a meeting of the Royal Physical Society, Edinburgh. GoosanpER.—(MMergus Merganser.) This handsome bird has been very plentiful in Berwickshire and the Lothians during the present season. HKleven specimens—seven males and four females —were sent to Mr Small, for preservation, in the last week of January, 1876. ‘Two were shot, and another seen, at Broxmouth, near Dunbar, in December last, and another was killed at North Berwick, in the same month. The Goosander is now known to breed regularly in Perthshire. EarepD GRrespe.—(Podiceps auritus.) Although perhaps the rarest of the British Grebes, this species seems to occur regularly every winter, in suitable localities, along shore between Berwick and Belhaven sands. It is also found higher up the Firth. I lately examined two specimens that were shot in the Forth, in Decem- ber, 1874. I have never met with Eared Grebes in the breeding plumage, on the east-coast. 466 Ornithological Notes, by Robert Gray, F.R.S.E. Brack Guittemot.—(Uria grylle.) Although much less plenti- ful in the east of Scotland than in the west, this Guillemot is still regularly met with off shore from Tantallon to the Tweed. I ex- amined one in the flesh, which was shot near I'antallon Castle, in the first week of December, 1875. The Black Guillemot, how- ever, keeps well out to sea, seldom venturing near the shore, as the Common Guillemot is known to do, in some localities. Buack Trrn.—(Sterna fissipes.) The Black Tern being arare bird in Scotland, I may mention that in addition to the specimen shot by Mr Harvie Brown, on the banks of the Forth, in Septem- ber, 1870, and referred to in ‘“‘ The Birds of the West of Scotland,” another passed up the Firth in September, last year, and was shot at Dunmore. Buack-HEADED Guiu.—(Larus ridibundus.) About the middle of November, 1875, I examined several specimens of this Gull which had leaden grey heads; these had been shot, a few days pre- viously, on the shore between Musselburgh and Portobello, and being interested in their appearance, I visited the coast, where I saw others flying about in the same state of plumage. I am satisfied that all these birds were of this species, but I do not re- collect having before seen any approach to a change in the head colouration during the winter time. A pure albino Black-headed Gull was shot two years ago, near Cockburnspath, by Mr Melvin ; who mentioned the circumstance to mea tew weeks ago. Mr Small, who preserved the specimen, has informed me that it was. of a spotless white. GREAT BLACcK-BACKED GuiL.— (Larus marinus.) I have seen this bird on two occasions off the Haddington and Berwick coasts, swimming on the water, on very calm days, beside a group of Mergansers, and watching these birds when diving for their prey. As soon as they came to the surface with the fish they had caught, they were immediately attacked by the Gulls, and forced to re- linquish their hold. I observed one Gull in particular, rob three Mergansers within a very few minutes; each time, seizing the in- dustrious fisher with its powerful bill, to oblige it to quit “its prey. IceLann Guii.—(Larus Icelandicus. ) An immature female Gull of this species was shot between Leith and Portobello, on 1st March, 1875. I am inclined to regard the Iceland Gull as a yearly visitant to the Forth in small numbers. . Herrine Guiu.— (Larus argentatus.) I have repeatedly observed that on the Berwickshire coasts, and elsewhere, Herring Gulls, especially young birds, feed, to a great extent, upon starfishes. One which I shot on the 11th September, vomited, when it fell, ten specimens of Astervas rubens, two of which measured nearly three inches across the rays. It is worth noting that in every case the Gulls happened to be in moult. Common eKkua.—(Lestris cataractes.) Sometime in February, A Glimpse of the Olden Times, by Mr. Thos. Craig. 467 1875, a Common Skua was shot on the farm of Harden Mains, in the parish of Oxnam, Roxburghshire, while pouncing on a tame duck which was swimming in the mill pond. It had already killed the duck, and was in the act of tearing out and devouring the bird’s entrails, when fired at. Harden Mains being at least thirty miles out of its legitimate reckoning, the Skua was, no doubt, hard pressed by hunger, when it took such an unusual mode of satisfying it. Storm Perren.—(TZhalassidroma pelagica.) Three or four speci- mens of this Petrel were seen frequenting the Frith of Forth, during the storm which prevailed about the middle of October, 1875. ‘lwo, which were shot, came under my notice at the time. ROBERT GRAY. 13, Lnverleith Row, Edinburgh, 10th February, 1876. A Glimpse of the Olden Times—KAIN FOWLS. Communicated by THomas CraiG, Kelso. Isolated local incidents are often pregnant with interest as throwing light on the customs of the olden times, the relations of the different classes of society, the changes wrought in the course of years, and the social influences that were at work in everyday lfe; and it is curious to contrast little and apparently trivial circumstances of the past generations, with present feelings and practices. The relations of the farmer with the agricultural labourer have of late years been the subject of keen and general discussion, and not a little has been written upon the subject in the Border district, from the standpoint both of the tarmer and the worker. Much of the discussion hinged upon thé advan- tages or propriety of the “hinds” being partially paid in kind and allowed to keep a cow. A generation or two ago it was not uncommon in certain parts of the district, for farm servants, both “ hinds” and “ cotters,’ to be allowed to keep poultry to a certain extent. The following extract has reference to that custom so far back as 180 years ago. It is copied from a manuscript book containing memoranda made by the farmer of Elliston, in the parish of St. Boswell’s, 468 A Glimpse of the Olden Times, by Mr. Thos. Craig. Roxburghshire. The entries,—which are remarkably accurate in spelling, considering the laxity which existed regarding uniformity on that point, even in printed books and documents, at that period, and beautiful specimens of penmanship—are, to persons unaccustomed to the perusal of ancient manuscripts, somewhat difficult to decipher, on account of the closeness of the writing and the change in the formation of some of the characters. The master seems to have been kindly considerate and indulgent to his servants, from the arrears of payment he suffered to run up; and, on the other hand, the servants seem to have been trustworthy and honest-grained people, of whom there was little ground to suspect that they would quit the service with a debt un- paid. The last item appears to have been an undated post entry shewing the almost entire payment of rather heavy arrears. Here is the record :— “‘ Ane Account of the Kaine of Elliston. November 27 day 1695. “From Bessy Swwanston, 18. “From William Newbikin, 12 and a half. “From James Newbkin, 10 and a half. “Bessy Swanston has paid all her kain. “William Newbikin has paid all but one chiken. “ James Newbikin has paid all but two hens. “ John Bamer has paid 12, and 6 owing, “‘ James Lamb has paid 8, and 4 resting. “John Falla has paid all this year but one chiken, but owing 3 of the 94 year’s kain. “ John Bamer is owing 24 fowls for byepast time. “ John Bamer is owing 2 fowls.” The custom is now altogether obsolete in Roxburghshire, if it even lingers anywhere.. It was at best an irksome ob- ligation; and more of these remnants of serfism have been abolished since the advent of railways and cheapened litera- ture, than for generations previously. But it survived in the Kale-water district till twenty years ago. On the farm of Crookhouse, in the parish of Linton, when tenanted by the late Mr. John Purves, whose lease terminated in 1855, the “hinds” were required to furnish to their master six cock chickens, and the “ cotters” four cock chickens yearly ; while the tenant in his turn, at least during the earlier por- tion of his lease, had to furnish a certain proportion to the “laird.” On the adjoining farm of Linton, tenanted since A Glimpse of the Olden Times, by Mr. Thos. Craig. 469 1799 by the family of Bell, where the custom prevailed until the estate of Clifton came into the possession of the late Mr. Pringle of Clifton and The Haining, the tenant was bound by the terms of the lease to provide the landlord with “two dozen kain hens, or twenty-four chickens,” or in the option of the proprietor to pay one shilling for each undelivered hen.* A little episode in connection with this custom of paying kain may be given, as shewing how little circumstances branch out, and cause grief or gratification in little commun- ities. It chanced that on the farm of Crookhouse—where the farmer’s household was usually humane and considerate —one year one of the kain fowls took unkindly to his new . quarters, and repeatedly returned to the house of his “ain folk,” to be duly returned to his new and rightful owners. It was seen meet at the farm house, however, to put a stop to this practice, which was done by his being sent in a cooked state to the house of one of the “ hinds” for the bene- fit of a sick inmate. The original owner was a widowed “cotter,” and the worthy but poor woman laid it deeply to heart, that those in far less straightened circumstances than herself, should be enabled to feast off her carefully-reared fowl, which had been regarded as a minor member of her little family. It was not that she envied her neighbours on account of a kindness shewn to them; but the manner in which it was done, touched the tender feelings of her nature. Itis from tracing such incidents as this, that a true and unexaggerated idea is obtained of the delicate per- ceptions and finer feelings of the humble peasantry of Scot- land, on which poets and preachers, orators and historians, have so often expatiated. * In the same lease it is stipulated that the tenant should deliver yearly at the landlord’s residence, four “sufficient double cart loads of coals,’ each containing twelve bolls, the proprietor paying the expense of loosing at the pit, five shillings being payable for each undelivered load of coals. 470 On Motella tricirrata a Fish new to the Berwickshire Coast. The Fish, to which I beg to call the attention of the Club, is the “ three-bearded Rockling or Cod ;’ or “Spotted Whistle Fish” of Pennant; of which an example was obtained on the 8th April, 1875, by one of the Cove fishermen, in a crab creel, on the coast between Siccar Point and Redheugh. He took it to Sir James Hall of Dunglass; who sent it to me for examination. Sir James has it now in preservation. None of the fishermen had previously seen a fish of the kind, and on inquiry at Coldingham I find it is not known there either. It is a small fish, about 15 inches long in this in- stance, and about the breadth of one’s three fingers, and nearly of the same thickness throughout, compressed behind. It is of a yellowish red colour; and the scales are small, and the skin slimy. There is a deep groove behind the neck, in which the first dorsal fin, which consists of a few rudimen- tary rays, is nearly concealed; the second dorsal occupies the rest of the back ridge close up to the tail, and the anal fin looks like a repetition of the 2nd dorsal. The two pec- toral fins are narrowly bordered with red, like the fins of a common trout. The body along the sides is spotted with grey. On the nose are two red barbules, and there is another at the symphysis of the lower jaw. The teeth are numerous and minute; adapted to crush the crabs and shell-fish, which form its food. Its near ally, the “five-bearded Rockling,” (M. mustela,) is a reddish brown fish, not uncommon in pools between tide-marks. By some (Willugby, Gmelin, and Couch,) it is considered a variety of the common species. Fleming, probably copying Montagu, says it is common. The Rev. L. Jenyns (now: Blomefield) gives an excellent description, and more correctly states “ Frequents rocky shores, but is far more rare in British seas than /. mustela.” According to Mr. Couch, it is common on the Cornish coast ; the Rev. Dr. Gordon appears to have observed it only once on the shores of the Moray Frith, at Gamrie. At all events it is a good acquisition to us, not being recorded on any previous occasion. JAMES HARDY. 471 Memoir of Mr. Alexander Jeffrey, F.S.A. Scot., the Histor- ian of Roxburghshire. By GEORGE HILSON, Solicitor, Jedburgh. Mr. Jeffrey’s father was Alexander Jeffrey, a worthy well to do man; who long held the responsible situation of farm steward, near Dunse. He was a native of that town and married early in life his townswoman, Janet Smeaton. They were people of exemplary character, and ever held the es- teem of their neighbours. After their marriage they lived for a number of years in the Dunse district, but afterwards removed to Roxburghshire, in various parts of which they lived, but latterly, chiefly in the Lilliesleaf district. Their family consisted of eight children, of whom Mr. Jeffrey was the fourth, He was born, it is believed, in the year 1806, in a house that stands on the roadside near Bewlie. Like children of people in his father’s rank of life, the opportuni- ties of getting education were limited, and what was got was often poor in kind. The first schools he attended were those of Maxwellheugh and Morebattle, in the neighbour- hood of which his father was then employed. The school he last attended was Lilliesleaf. From an early age he was a great reader, devouring every kind of book he could la hands on, and in after life he used to state, that all the education he got was acquired in this way. He was early put to work, and being a vigorous active fellow, he was soon able to earn a wage, and thus help his father. He worked as a miller at Lilliesleaf Mill, and when he was fourteen years of age, he was considered what was then ealled a full miller. While living in Lilliesleaf district, his father, who was a genuine Antiburgher, or extreme Seceder, with the family attended the meeting house of that. denom- ination at Midlem, the minister of which was the Rev. Jas. Inglis. As is well known, they were a peculiarly strict body in their reJigious doctrines, and required an exemplary observance of the duties of life from all their members. From his intelligence and love of reading, he attracted the notice of Mr. Inglis, who, it is said, gave him great _ attention, and he thus acquired additional means of gratifiy- ing his taste for reading. He is said to have given offence to his father, and some of the stricter members of the body, by its becoming known that he read Burns’ poems and Shakspeare. Being a good writer, and having a power 2H 472 Memoir of Mr. Alecander Jeffrey, by George Hilson. of ready expression, he was often employed in conducting the correspondence of his less scholarly neighbours, especi- ally in love affairs, and it has been said that some rather ludicrous pranks he had played off in these matters, made a great deal of parish noise. His mental activity, however, unfitted him for the monotonous duties of manual labour in a country district, and he felt a great desire to get into a town. Various plans were proposed, but not carried out, and for some time, though regularly working, he was some- what unsettled as to what to turn his hand to. About the year 1825, he entered the office of the late Mr James Curle, solicitor, Melrose, where he remained upwards of a year, after which he removed to Edinburgh, where he obtained employment in the office of Mr George Scott, 8.8.C., with whom he served for some years. At that time, Jeffrey, Moncreiff, Cockburn, John Hope, the McNeils, Jamieson, and Fullerton were at the zenith of their fame as advocates ; and as Mr Scott’s assistant, in the Parliament House branch of his business, he had many opportunities of hearing them speak. He seems to have been fired with enthusiasm for the law ever after. The impression he then received of the glory of being an advocate, appears never to have been effaced from his recollection, for down to his latest days it was his delight to recite to his acquaintances, the splendid appearances it had been his privilege to witness these dis- tinguished men make. In November, 1829, he applied to be admitted a practi- tioner before the Sheriff Court of Roxburghshire, but he was then unsuccessful, as he was in several subsequent applica- tions. The agitation in connection with Reform in Parlia- mentary representation had commenced about that time, and he threw himself into it with great ardour on the popu- lar side. He made many speeches in Jedburgh and the neighbouring towns and villages, and wrote much in news- papers in support of the bill. The views he expressed being somewhat extreme, and his proceedings marked occasionally with indiscretion, he never obtained the support or the countenance of the leaders of the Reformers, as the Liberal party was then called. This strongly provoked his ire, and | when he could do anything to thwart or annoy them, he never missed an opportunity. His conduct on these occa- sions was marked—to say it gently—with great indiscre- tion and imprudence. He was a ready writer, and as he Memoir of Mr. Alexander Jeffrey, by George Hilson. 473 was clever in making up a report of a meeting, he gota good deal of employment in this way. There being a great demand for reporters, owing to the numerous meetings that were then held, he was induced to enter the service of the proprietors of the Kelso Mail, the local Conservative organ. This was held as a desertion of principle, and was never forgotten or forgiven by the Reformers. In this capa- city, he attended all the public meetings that were held in the counties of Roxburgh, Berwick, and Selkirk, during the election contests of 1832 and 1834; and the Courts then held by the Sheriffs, for the registration of voters. In this way he came much in contact with the leading men of the Conservative party, by whom he was much liked, as he was a good story-teller, and had a great store of miscellaneous knowledge. In later years, with congenial friends, and when he was in the tift, many an amusing story he told, of what he had seen and heard on these occasions. Jedburgh, about that time became his chief quarters, and having still a hankering after the law, he applied and was admitted a practitioner before the Burgh Court of Jedburgh, where there was then considerable practice. The late Mr Samuel Wood,then town clerk of Jedburgh, had a great liking for him, and he employed him as managing clerk in his office. Through Mr Wood’s strong personal influence, the opposi- tion that had existed and been so unworthily kept up, to his being admitted a practitioner before the Sheriff Court of Roxburghshire, was at last overcome in 1838. He then de- voted himself with great assiduity to the practice of his profession, taking up every sort of case that offered him practice and knowledge of law. He worked up his cases with care and perseverance, and generally with a great amount of success. Through the influence of Mr Wood, he was appointed in 1840, political agent for the Conservative party in the town of Jedburgh. The duties he discharged with great zeal and activity, but about 20 years ago, he retired altogether from this branch of his business. The case that decidedly established his position as a prac- titioner of ability, was the celebrated one relating to the thirlage of the Jedburgh Town Mills. It excited great local attention, and its progress was watched with great interest, as the exaction was held to be oppressive and injurious to the interests of the community. The magistrates and council —as proprietors of the mills for far above a hundred years— A474, Memovr of Mr. Alexander Jeffrey, by George Hilson. had exercised certain rights of thirlage over the bakers and community. The title to do so had never been directly ques- tioned, but the bakers always had tried to evade them, by private dealings with the tacksmen of the magistrates’ rights. About 1839, disputes had arisen, and it became necessary in their opinion to assert the town’s rights to the full extent. Various attempts at a compromise were made, but these having failed, the magistrates, in the full flush of anticipated victory, raised an action of declarator of their rights before the Court of Session, against the bakers, con- cluding that they and the whole inhabitants of the Burgh were bound to grind all the grain they brought into it at the mills, and pay the duties they claimed. The action, under the advice of Mr Jeffrey, was strenuously resisted by the bakers. By his investigation into the antiquities of the Burgh for his historical purposes, and from the knowledge of the town’s affairs he had acquired while in the town clerk’s office, he was well qualified for his position as legal adviser of the defenders, as the case involved many historical references both as to the title and actings of the magistrates and their tacksmen. The defence was that the magistrates had no title, and any alleged recognition of it in practice had neither Leen uniform nor consistent with the right claimed: The litigation was protracted over several years, and at last was closed by a jury trial in Edinburgh, on the 12th and 13th days of January, 1842, presided over by Lord Justice Clerk Hope, who directed the jury to find substantially in terms of the defence. This they did unani- mously. The result, while a great triumph for Mr Jeffrey and his clients, was most disastrous to the Burgh, and ended in its bankruptcy, and the sale of all its property. The then Lord Advocate Macneitl—afterwards Lord Colonsay— who was the senior counsel of the bakers, whom Mr. Jeftrey had often met at the numerous consultations that took place during the litigation, at the close of the trial expressed to him how much he and the other counsel had been indebted to him, for the clear way he had been able to present to them the title of the magistrates, and all the relative circumstances as to the possession. After this, his business increased rapidly, but his liking lay more to the criminal than to the civil department of his profession. He was the popular advocate in almost all the criminal cases that arose in the counties of Roxburgh and Memoir of Mr. Alexander Jeffrey, by George Hilson. 475 Selkirk, before the courts of which he made many and suc- cessful appearances, shewing great acuteness and knowledge of the principles and practice of the law. In early life he had had a severe bronchial affection, which he never got the better of, and in public speaking there was a shrill feeble- ness in his voice, which was rather unpleasant, and some- what marred the effect of his addresses. The courts of the Justices of the Peace in all the different districts of these counties, he regularly attended, and had nearly all the prac- tice. His acuteness, the great knowledge he displayed, the courteous but firm and independent way he conducted his cases, made him generally liked by the country gentle- men, who uniformly treated him with great respect and attention, and often gratifying compliments were paid him. The late Lord Campbell, when residing at his seat at Hart- rigge in the autumn, one day surprised Mr Sheriff Craigie, by stepping into the Sheriff Court at Jedburgh, while en- gaged in trying a case in which Mr. Jeffrey was acting as agent for the prisoner, and took his seat on the bench. Mr. Craigie having shewed his lordship the charge, he sat and heard the case tried with that great gravity which so much distinguished him. Mr. Jeffrey was not successful in his defence, but his lordship at the close told Mr. Craigie, that it was as well pleaded as if it had been done in Westminster Hall. With that kindness of heart which so much distinguished Mr. Craigie, after leaving his lordship he called at Mr. Jeffrey’s house, and communicated the gvatifying remarks, which, as may be supposed, were very pleasing to him. Mention has been made of his knowledge of law, and his undoubted dexterous ability in applying it in practice, but unfortunately the impulsiveness of his temperament, and the want of exact mental training in his early years, often made him hasty in arriving at conclusions, which ultimately were not borne out, and in this way he occasionally found himself in a false position, from which he had difficulty in receding. He was generally liked by his brethren—as he was fond of calling them—in the profession, and was ready at all times to give information and advice ; for which his varied experience well qualified him. He was not always at peace however with them, and he could and did make many violent outbursts against those who inad- vertently might have wounded his susceptibilities. These soon passed away, and he bitterly regretted any severe remarks that he had made against his supposed offender. 476 Memoir of Mr. Alexander Jeffrey, by George Hilson. Mr. Jeffrey’s name in future will be chiefly remembered as the author of the “ History and Antiquities of Roxburgh- shire and adjoining Districts.” For a work of this kind, he had the necessary knowledge of the district—equalled by none—and great enthusiasm for his subject. In 1836 he had published a local work, consisting of an octavo volume of 420 pages, now rarely to be met with. The original design of it was a history of Jedburgh; but having in his investigations acquired much county information, he aimed at the more ambitious design of making a county history. It bears on every page the marks of haste; the descriptions are feeble and faulty ; the theories are fanciful and crude ; and it is disfigured by many peculiarities of style, of which in later years he was painfully conscious, and which he dis- liked being referred to. The idea of re-writing this work on an enlarged scale, never was absent from his mind, and as in the course of his business, he had to travel much through the county, he never failed to avail himself of these oppor- tunities to examine and take copious notes of what he knew to be interesting. In this way he had acquired a large mass of materials, which in 1853 he commenced to arrange with a view to publication. According to the prospectus then issued, it was to be published by subscription in two crown - octavo volumés. The first was issued in March, 1855, when it was stated that the second would follow in the summer of that year, but it did not till November, 1857. In the preface it was announced that the author had found it im- possible to condense his materials within the limits of two volumes, and do anything like justice to the subject, and that the work would therefore extend to a third volume, which he expected to be ready by the end of 1858. Itdid not however appear till 1859, and it also contained an an- nouncement of another volume being necessary to absorb the valuable material he had on hand, which would be pub- lished in 1860. This was not done, however, till 1864. This protracted mode of publication was most unfortunate for the pecuniary success of the work, and was aggravated by each volume having a separate printer and publisher. When the work was first announced, without any great per- sonal effort, he soon obtained a numerous subscription list, comprehending all classes of the community, and the earlier volumes were quickly disposed of through them, and the general public. Owing to the delay in publication, the Memoir of Mr. Alexander Jeffrey, by George Hilson. 477 subscription list was much reduced by death and removals,and many withdrew, owing to its additional cost by its increased size. The result was, that the author was subjected to much pecuniary loss and annoyance. It is a matter of regret that before going to press, he had not had the work fully written out. By subjecting it to careful abbreviation in the less in- teresting parts, and throwing much of the chronological statements into an appendix, he would have improved the smoothness of the narrative, and been able at once to issue it in a handsome octavo volume, like Dr. William Chambers’ History of Peeblesshire. There is little doubt if he had done this, the work would have been in every way, a great success. As it is, the demand for it still continues, and the parties - who hold the remainder of the impression, have just now announced that the price of a set has been considerably raised. In many ways it is a wonderful book. Thata man engaged ina laborious and exacting profession—as the author was all his life—could spare time, and maintain the zeal to promote so many enquiries over such a wide field—altogether apart from the labour of composition and passing the work through the press—shows he had a thorough love of bis subject. Although in many cases his theories are fanciful and obviously erroneous, and several of the deductions he draws from events and circumstances are neither logical nor well stated, and the style often feeble and disfigured by peculiarities of expression, yet take it all in all, there are few books where there are so many interesting subjects so well treated, and generally with great accuracy. It may be thought he is wrong in some of his conclusions, but there iS no appearance whatever of his stating the facts to suit a preconceived opinion. Village antiquaries, who, as is well known, are always singularly tenacious of their notions, and are ever on the alert to pounce upon any one who does not minutely describe their own little world, and adopt all the popular ideas existing among them, may complain that the narrative is defective ; but for a history of this kind, all that is required is a general statement of the facts, and this is fairly done in most instances. Mr. Jeffrey had several critics of this kind, and was hardly treated because he had the courage to explode several antiquarian local delusions. We read the volumes as they appeared with care and atten- tion, and since, many times have had occasion to refer to them, and notwithstanding the faults alluded to, we think it 478 Memoir of Mr. Aleaander Jeffrey, by George Hilson. a most interesting book, and one that may be relied on by persons out of the district. Though unsuccessful in a pecuniary point of view, and the occasion of much annoyance and trouble, yet he had a great deal of pleasure intermingled with it. It gave him a status that could not be disputed. The local and provincial press, as the various volumes appeared, treated the work with great respect. As the writers were chiefly natives of the district, and thus had a local knowledge which enabled them to mark any trips he had made, it is remarkable. that few or no faults are noticed by them. He also received letters from many distinguished men, for the way he had dealt with the subject, and he was greatiy gratified by being unanimously admitted a member of the Society of Antiqua- ries of Scotland, on 30th November, 1859, in respect of his authorship of the work. But what gave him most delight, was the notice of it by the Edinburgh Review, in a special article in the number for October, 1860, (vol. 112, p. 489), when the three first volumes only had appeared. The writer deals fairly with the work, and gives it great praise. This quickened the sale of it among that class of readers who could appreciate it. My. Jeffrey. was all his life fond of appearing in print. He put forth many productions on passing events in which he was interested, but they did not attract much permanent notice. This arose from their being quickly got up, and gen- erally displaying more feeling thanargument, they were soon forgotten. The most of these he never liked to hear mention- ed, and on this account they are here not further referred to. About the year 1835, he published a “Guide to the Antiqui- ties of the Border,’ which has been long out of print; and which he meditated re-issuing, but never did. In 1843 he printed an address on the “ Rise and Progress of Science,” which he delivered to the Jedburgh Mechanics’ Institute ; and in 1852, another on “ Local Antiquities.” Both of these in some parts display deep research and eloquent writing. After the publication of the report of Mr. Bright’s committee on the Game Laws in 1847, he deliveredalecture at Galashiels on this subject, subsequently printed, which contains aresumé of all the grievances now so popularly expatiated on. Few men were better qualified for depicting the operation of these laws than he was, from having had in the course of his business to defend so many of their transgressors. Memoir of Mr. Alexander Jeffrey, by George Hilson. 479 In private life Mr. Jeffrey was a man of singularly retiring habits, and while no man was more gratified than he was by the attention and courtesy of his superiors in social life, he never resorted to any of those manceuvres, so common in daily life, to obtain them. He always felt that whatever share of these he had obtained—and it was not little—was the natural tribute to his abilities. He was a model of a domestic man. He had no sources of enjoyment beyond the bosom of his own family—to whom he was most ardently devoted—and for whom he made sacrifices which the world little knew of, to obtain their worldly advancement. With the daily newspaper or magazine at his own fire side, in the midst of his family, at the close of the labours of the day, no man could be happier. He was deeply read in the works of Scott, Hogg, Burns, Shakspeare, Dickens, and what may appear strange to those who had not much intercourse with him, his acquaintance with the Old Calvinistic and Protest- ant theology was considerable. He derived great enjoyment from such books as “ Boston’s Fourfold State,” and the “Marrow of Modern Divinity.” He had an intense dislike to everything that inclined to modern innovations in public worship, and his Protestantism was fierce and rather bigoted. He was long associated with the Anti-Burgher Meeting-house in Jedburgh, but shortly before its dissolution, owing to some difference of opinion with its authorities, he withdrew to the Parish Kirk. He had great powers of conversation, and effectively could tell a good story. He delighted in cracks with congenial friends, and where a tumbler of toddy or a glass of wine intervened—but in which he seldom indulged—he was the best of company; stories local, literary and professional, flowing from him in a stream of great variety. Physically, he was a fine looking man. Of good height, of comfortable stoutness, with a good formed head, well set on his body, and with rather finely formed, expressive features, and with careful dressing— which he never neglected—he was rather a noticeable man in the highways of life. The photographs which were pub- lished by the Jedburgh booksellers, are excellent likenesses of him. Owing to some peculiarity of character, of which he was not altogether unconscious, he could not fight successfully with fortune. Though opportunities in his professional career occurred, when, in the estimate of those who knew 21 430 Memoir of Mr. Alexander Jeffrey, by George Hilson. him, he might successfully have advanced himself, yet through a backwardness of character, which he had to a large extent where he was personally concerned, or some other un- apparent cause, he could not seize them, and failed to push himself on the notice of those who could, and willingly would have helped him to obtain some of the preferment which occasionally falls to country solicitors. The result was, that his life was an incessant struggle for the maintenance of him- self and family, and it is somewhat sad to think, that with his many good points, in the later years of life his lot was that of a hard toiler. Had he been able to enjoy a little more ease and recreation, there is little doubt his life might have been prolonged. To his credit he never complained, and rather prided himself in declaring that whatever he had done in this world, was by his own abilities and industry. His latter years, as may be supposed, were rather anxious and painful ones to him. He had many sorrows and trials. The greatest was the loss of his wife, in May, 1872. Between them there was a never failing affection and respect. Her death he keenly felt, and it seemed to undermine his physical and intellectual powers. This unfitted him greatly for attending to business, and his later public professional appearances were often painful to those who had been ac- customed to see him in his vigorous days. This continued rapidly to increase during the last year of his life, and on the 22nd day of October, 1874, while quietly sitting unen- gaged in the Sheriff Court at Jedburgh—where he had spent so much of his time—a slight affection of paralysis came over him, and though able with assistance to walk home, his well-known person never appeared again on the streets of Jedburgh. The disease soon overcame his already en- feebled mental and physical. powers, and on Sunday, the 29th of November following, he peacefully died in the 68th year of his age, and on Wednesday the 2nd day of December, his remains were buried in the Abbey Church-yard of Jed- burgh. . [ite Jeffrey was elected a member of the Berwickshire Naturalist’s Club, June 26th, 1862. He contributed two topographical papers to the Club’s “ History.” 1. On Jed- burgh.—vol. iv., pp. 344-356. 2. On Ancrum.—vol. v., pp. 128-133.] 481 On Lepidoptera, taken mostly in 1875. I—Preston. By JoHN ANDERSON. VANESSA POLYCHLOROS, A specimen of this butterfly was got here by George Strachan, Primrosehill. SmerintHus Porvii. Several specimens were got here last sum- mer. Pacttocampa Poruu. One got fluttering among some dead elm leaves. . Bomspyx Rusi. This and B. Quercus were pretty common on Drakemire Moor, last summer ; but very difficult to capture. PHIGALIA PILOSARIA, Caterpillars are common on birch, at Hoardweil. Newman gives ‘‘oak”’ as its food plant. CLEORA LICHENARIA. This was a common moth nearly every- where, last year. I do not remember seeing a single specimen for two years before. Scoponia BELGIARIA. This was got on Hoardweil Moor by Geo. Strachan. ‘ ANTICLEA BADIATA. Only a single specimen. Dicranura VINULA. From the number of old cocoons on willow and poplar, this seemed a common moth; but after a careful search, I have only found one perfect; a great many of the others being stung. Acronyorta Licustri. Larvee of this were pretty common on ash, in Blackhouse dean. CaLAMIA LuTOsSA. I got a specimen sitting on the trunk of a tree here; the nearest reeds are those at the ‘‘ Hen Poo,” Dunse Castle. AGROTIS SUFFUSA. One at sugar. Noctua Dani. I got a pupa of this under moss on a dyke at Grant’s House. OrtHosta Lora. Two or three at sugar. MACILENTA. Very common at sugar. XANTHIA sizaco. This occurred at Bunkle wood, Preston, and Primrose hill. PLuUsIA INTERROGATIONIS. A few specimens of this moth were got on Drakemire moor, last summer, by G. Strachan. II.— Broomhouse. By A. ANDERSON. Vanessa Io. I failed to capture a specimen of this butterfly, on the side of the Whitadder. It flew towards Preston, where my father saw one in the garden, which also pursued a northern course. MacrociossA STELLATARUM, One was got in Cumledge mill. 482 On Lepidoptera, taken mostly in 1875. ANAITIS PLAGIATA. This occurred both on Cockburn Law, and banks of the Whitadder, at Primrosehill. PrinoponTis PALPINA. IT netted asingle specimen at Broomhouse. Noroponta zizac. Two or three of the strange-looking cater- pillars of this moth, were got on sallow, at Dunse Castle saw- mill, last autumn. Nocrva umprosa. Two specimens at Broomhouse. Neos DAHLII. Rather common among the low oaks at Hoard- weil. XANTHIA sILaco. Pretty common wherever there are sallows, on the side of the Whitadder here. CIRRHOEDIA XERAMPELINA. Not uncommon flying round a stunted ash overhanging the Whitadder; so situated that only a few could be netted. PHYTOMETRA ZNEA. On Drakemire moor. Ill.—Hyemouth. By WituiAM SHAw. AcHERonTIA Atropos. A fine specimen of this moth came to the light of a shop window, Eyemouth. It made a good deal of squeaking, when it was taken out of a bottle. Spuinx Convoitvuu. I got a very fine specimen of this moth at rest on one of the raised letters of a shop sign; another was got near the same place, much worn; and a fisherman got one at rest on a line in EKyemouth; and Mr W. Sandison, High- laws, netted another. It has been abundant this season. CymaToPHORA FLAVICORNIS. I got a full fed caterpillar crawling down a birch tree, which turned out this moth. Banks of the Ale. Nonacria FULVA. Common among rushes. Banks of the Ale. Mr W. Sandison. Lurrrina Cxspitis. I got a fine male of this rare moth at sugar. Sea-banks. ApaMEA unaNImis. I find I have only one of this moth. I know nothing of its habits. CaRrADRINA ALSINES. We got a fair series of this moth, but they were all much worn. Sea-banks. Acrotis Tritict. I got only one of this moth; but was too late in the season to look for more. Sea-banks. Acrotis sauctA. Mr W. Sandison, Highlaws, was the first to get this moth here, at sugar. Acroris oBELIscA. I got a fair series of this moth, about a dozen, but many of them were much worn. Sea-banks. Nocrica GnAREosA. I got two or three; it comes to sugar. Sea banks. Nocrvua BRUNNEA. Abundant this season at sugar. Nocrva Rust. Three on Lamberton Moor at sugar. On Lepidoptera, taken mostly vn 1875. 483 TETHEA SUBTUSA. One worn specimen at sugar. Highlaws. APLECTA occuLTA. One very worn specimen at sugar. Highlaws. Havena Prst. Two of this moth on Lamberton Moor, at sugar. IV.—Ayton. By Simpson Bucuass. Spuinx Conyotyvutr. I got one of this moth on a sheet which had been left out at night. Ayton. LirHosta quapRA. I gota fine male this season. Ayton woods. Liparis Saricis. I got one specimen of this moth, the first [ be- lieve taken in Berwickshire. Ayton Castle. Oreyia Antigua. This moth must be more common than we suppose, judging from the old webs of the female on the trees, &c. Ayton. MAcARIA LITURATA. Fir woods, Whitfield, Ayton. THERA FIRMATA. I have netted two this season—probably com- mon. Fir woods, Ayton. Dasyroria Tempii. Three of this rare and curious moth have been taken at light here—two males and one female. Ayton. APAMEA UNANIMIS. We have always passed over this moth for OcULEA, but on sending one to Dr White, we found out our mistake. The reniform is perfectly white. We don’t know if it comes to sugar. Czera@na Haworrui. I got one specimen of this moth. Cold- ingham Moors. CarapDRinA ALsInES. At wood sage. Sea-banks. Acrotis sauctaA. This is the first season I have captured this moth. It comes to sugar. Ayton Castle. Acrotis Triticr. I got a pair of this moth in the garden here. Ayton Castle. AGRoTIs OBELISCA, At sugar. Sea-banks. Acrotis Pyropuina. I only captured one of this rare moth, but fortunately it was in good order, and easily made out. At flowers of wood sage. Sea-banks, TRaAcHEA PinrrERDA. This moth must be pretty common, as we got twenty in one night. Sallow blossoms. Fir woods. TzaNIocAMPA RUBRICOSA. At sallow blossoms. Ayton woods. - TANIOCAMPA CRUDA. I have only got three of this common moth. It seems rare here. At sallow blossoms. Ayton woods. AptecTA occutTA. I got two fine specimens of this moth. At sugar. Ayton, co vetusTA. I have only got one of this moth. At sugar. yton. HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA. I got one of this very rare moth. It was captured by Master James Bowhill, Jun., Ayton. Mr Bow- hill’s garden. Ayton, 484 Arrival, Departure, and Local Movements of Birds, near Oldcambus, 1875. By James Harpy. Jan. 2. The Wild Ducks at sea were about 18 or 20 in number at this date. Jan. 4. Starlings that were so numerous during the storm in December, 1874, have left the neighbourhood; and Fieldfares as well. In my walks I counted 8 dead Fieldfares (several others were observed on the railway banks), 3 Missel Thrushes, 2 Song Thrushes, and 1 Golden Plover ;—victims of the severe weather then experienced. Stone-chat has left. Jan. 16. 4 or 5 Snow-flakes passing ; the last for the season. Feb. 1. Missel Thrush seen, the first seen since the storm; but there were apparently the usual numbers in song on Feb. 22, Feb. 24. About 27 Curlews, in company, proceeding to the in- land moors. Mar. 4. Flock of Lapwings on the lower leas; on the 10th they had returned to the upland moors. Mar, 12. Wild Ducks at sea, 16 or 17 in number. Mar. 16. A flock of Curlews, 15 or 16 in number proceeding to the moors from the sea-coast. Mar. 22. Very few Redshanks remain on the coast; one heard on the 24th; but none on the 26th. Mar. 24. 6 Cormorants remain; only 2 on the 30th. Some Grey Linnets seen’; have been absent during winter. Mar. 25. One Pied Wagtail arrived; which was again seen on the 26th. Mar. 26. Only 6 Curlews on the coast. Mar. 29. A few Moor Pipets in a flock on the moors. Mar. 30. 3 Redshanks; none on April 1. April 1. Uria Troile, and a young Northern Diver driven ashore, dead. April 6. Number of Ducks reduced to 8, at sea. Only one Cor- morant. ; April 7. Only one Heron left at sea-side. A few Moor Pipets on the coast fields; more Grey Linnets have arrived. Water-hen returned to its inland pools. Three Curlews on the coast. Wild Geese heard on the 6th and 7th. April 13. Pied Wagtail again appeared; and also on the 14th, One Cormorant, but no Curlews, or Herons, or Ducks. April 16. 4 Cormorants appeared, and a single Redshank; and one Curlew. 5 or 6 Wheat-ears arrived on the coast; on the 17th there was only one Cormorant. April 18. One Black-cap at Pease Bridge. This was very early for that bird. It continued there alone, and kept up its song till the 30th. Arrival, Departure, &c., of Birds, by Mr Jas. Hardy. 485 April 19. No Wheat-ears. 1 Chimney Swallow arrived on the sea-coast; 8 Cormorants and 1 Curlew still present. April 20. Several Willow Wrens (S. érochilus) arrived in Pease Dean; only a few in song, and that imperfect. No Swallows. Several Wheat-ears ; 1 Cormorant, April 25. Wheat-ears, three miles from the coast, proceeding in- land; and ayain elsewhere on April 29. April 27. 3 Chimney Swallows seen at different points. One Martin at sea-coast; and later in the day, 3 Swallows, a mi- grating party, swept, without lingering, along the coast, in face of a strong north wind. Two Curlews still on the coast. Several fresh Wheat-ears have arrived. Willow Wrens pene- trating into the country. April 28. Song Thrush has five young. _ April 29. At Greenlaw. Willow Wrens numerous in the hedges ; also at Greenlaw Dean. No Swallows visible. Bank Martins have just arrived above Greenlaw. In the fields were numer- ous Pipets, not yet scattered over the moors; and flocks of Cushats not yet paired, April 30. Willow Wren plentiful, and singing sweetly. Cuckoo heard. May 2. Whitethroat arrived, and in full song next day. More Black-caps at Pease Bridge. May 3. Black-caps more spread over the woods. Greater Wil- low Wren (S. stbilatrix) here, and in song, at the Pease Bridge ; a female Redstart also there. Young Thrush full- fledged. Two Redstarts at Oldcambus, at a spot where I thought I heard the note of the male on April 28. Two Whin-chats arrived. One Swallow seen. May 4. A pair of Swallows settled here. 2 Cormorants and 2 ee Ducks remain at sea; but no Curlews. Cuckoo again heard. May 6. The two Whin-chats seen for the last time. Martins settled at the sea-coast, and in small numbers took possession of the cliffs deserted some years since. June 16. Two Cormorants, one Curlew, and one Redshank on the coast. June 19. Two Redshanks and one Curlew were observed there. June 28. Four Redshanks, two Curlews, and 2 Cormorants at the coast. July 9. Lapwings in flocks in turnip fields. Curlews still fre- quent the moors. July 12. About 30 Curlews, 12 Redshanks, and 7 or 8 Herons have returned to the coast. July 24. Black-headed Gulls have returned to coast. White- throat’s song ceases. Missel Thrushes resort to turnip-fields. 486 Arrival, Departure, &c., of Birds, by Mr Jas. Hardy. Aug. 16. 13 Cormorants, young and old, have returned to their favourite rock at Siccar-point. 3 or 4 Wild Ducks in the sea. Aug. 19. 12 Herons on the coast. A large flock of Redshanks flying across a bay. Two Stone-chats and one Wheat-ear on the coast. Aug. 20. Lapwings numerous in turnip-fields. Aug. 28. Large flock of Moor Pipets on barley-stubble; and again on September 4th, in turnip-fields. Sept. 13. Larks resuming song. Sept. 23. Whitethroat last seen. They continued from 7th to 11th to frequent bean and wheat fields so long as there was cover. The last was seen in a hedge-row. Martins last seen at coast. Sept. 30. Swallows left about this date. Oct. 15. Woodcocks returned to Aikieside wood. Nov. 4. 13 or 14 Wild Ducks now on the coast. Nov. 6. Snow on the hills; about 90 Wild Ducks at sea. Nov. 15. A pair of Stone-chats last seen. Nov. 16. About 200 Wild Ducks at sea. This was the greatest number visible at once. They diminished towards the end of the year. In the night-time they resorted to the inland ponds, burns, and marshes; but in the morning retired to the sea, on that part of the coast most beset with rocks, and protected by high cliffs. 487 Mazwellheugh and Springwood Park. By James Tar. THERE has lately been printed in two magnificent volumes —‘“The Book of Carlaverock,” one of the works compiled by Mr. William Fraser, of the Register House, Edinburgh, and intended only for private distribution. It contains a history of the Maxwell family, whose first settlements in Scotland were at Maxton and Maxwellheugh, both on the banks of the Tweea. In conjunction with “The Maxwells of Pollock,” another work compiled by Mr. Fraser, and printed in 1863, these volumes place within reach some interesting materials regarding the early history of the district to the south of Kelso. Instead of giving mere extracts, we prefer to give a connected account, taken from the works in question, along with what other information is needful to make a consec- utive narrative. In the middle of the eleventh century, when William of Normandy had conquered England, a Saxon chief named Undwin, with his son Maccus, took refuge in Scotland. Their names appear for the first time, in the reign of Alex- ander I., which lasted from 1107 till 1124. Maccus was the founder of the surname and family of Maxwell. Nothing certain is known concerning the ancestors of Urdwin. In the history of England the name of Maccus, son of Anlaf, King of Northumberland, occurs in the tenth century. On the expulsion of King Anlaf, Eric, son of the Danish King Harold, was placed on the throne of Northumberland, but Eric, his son Henry, and his brother Regnald, were slain in the wilds of Stanmore by the hands of Maccus, son of Anlaf. Maccus of Man and the Hebrides was one of the eight sub- kings who, in the year 973, attended Edgar, King of England, on the Dee at Chester, when the king made his annual voy- age along the coasts. Kenneth, King of Scotland, was another of the sub-kings who attended Edgar on that occa- sion. In the Chronicle of Melrose, mention is made of Maccus, Plurimarum rex Insularum, as present with Ken- neth, King of the Scots, and Malcolm, King of Cumbria. Maccus is likewise called the “ Prince of Pirates,” a title of which he seems to have been proud, as it is appended to his name when signing as a witness a charter of Edgar, King of England. The arch-pirate seems to have been a person of 2d 488 Maawellheugh and Springwood Park, by James Tait. great importance, as his signature follows that of “ Kinadius, Rex Albanize,” and of the royal family, and goes before all the bishops, high as was their position in those times. This was in the year 971. Between this royal Maccus and Maccus the son of Undwin, several generations must have existed, of whom nothing is known; but Maccus, the son of Undwin, was an active and distinguished person in the reigns of Alexander I., and David I, Kings of Scotland. Besides ‘other public acts, he witnessed a charter granted by King David “to God, Saint Mary of Melrose, and the Monks of the Cistercian Order, there serving God, of the lands of Mel- rose, Eldune, and. Dernewick, the pasture, wood, pasturing of cattle for the use of the monks, in the granter’s land and forest of Selkirk and Traquair, and fishing in the waters of the Tweed ; and, besides, in augmentation of their revenues, Galtuneshalech and the whole land and wood of Galtunesside.” The charter is dated at Erchildon in June, but the year is omitted, though it must have been previous to 1152. Maccus likewise witnessed a charter of King David in 1113, found- ing a monastery at Selkirk ; but in 1126, John, Bishop of Glasgow, procured the removal of the monastery from Sel- kirk, to the Church of the Virgin Mary at Kelso, then called Calkow. This was close to “Maccuswell,” the territory of Maccus, which he acquired from King David about the same time. THE BARONY OF MAXWELL. The lands which Maccus obtained in Roxburghshire from King David the First, were on the south side of the river Teviot, and opposite the castle of Roxburgh, not as Jeffrey says, “ between the Teviot and the Tweed ;” but the original charter granting to Maccus the lands, which were afterwards formed into the barony of Maxwell, has not been preserved, and so the precise extent of the lands cannot now be ascer- tained. In the “ Maxwells of Pollock,” Mr Fraser says, “one grant bestowed upon Maccus, comprehended the lands erect- ed into the barony of Maccuswell or Maxwell, which les on the south side of the river Teviot, where it flows past the ruins of the famous castle of Roxburgh. On the west the barony was bounded by the Teviot, on the north by that river, and by the Tweed after these rivers unite. The parish of Sprouston formed the eastern and part of the northern Maawellheugh and Springwood Park, by James Tait 489 boundary, which was completed by the parish of Eckford.” It appears that Maxwell was a barony previous to the year,, 1373. The lands which had been granted to Maccus, soon came to be known as the lands of Maccuswell, afterwards. contracted to Maxwell, and, as subsequently described in the charters of his descendants, they are known to have included the town of Maxwell, Maxwellheugh, the Mains, Springwood Park, Pinnaclehill (or Pendiclehill), the Woddens,, (Easter and Wester), the Softlaws (Haster and Wester,) Chapel, the Kirklands, &c. The barony of Maxwell was. estimated as a forty-pound land of old extent, and the lands. had probably been part of the royal domains. One of the. parts, immediately opposite the castle of Roxburgh, and coming close to. it, was called the King’s Haugh. The lands. may have been bestowed upon Maccus by King David in token ot his friendship for Maccus, and at all events it is. certain that, being opposite the castle of Roxburgh, and elose to it, they would not have been granted by the king to any subject who did not hold a special place in the royal favour. Probably about the same time Maccus was appoint-. ed Sheriff of Roxburghshire, an office which was held by Herbert of Maxwell, the son of Maccus, and also by John of Maxwell, the grandson of Maccus. John of Maxwell, lord of that ilk, who had become a knight, obtained from Robert II., a charter, dated 11th November, 1373, of the. lands of Softlaw, in the barony of Maxwell, forfeited by William Stewart, who had rendered allegiance to the King of England. On the 14th May, 1476, Robert Maxwell, bailie of the barony of Maxwell, specially constituted by the lord thereof, in a court of that barony, gave public warn- ing in the name, and on the part of, Lord Maxwell, that. whoever had any lands in tack in any way in any part of that barony, should be wholly denuded of their lands and tacks after the Feast of Pentecost, and should not have them until they received them anew from the foresaid lord and his bailie. Robert, fifth Lord Maxwell, received from King James V., for services as Warden of the West Marches,. another charter of forty pound lands of old extent of the barony of Maxwell, and many other lands and baronies, which were all united into a free barony to be called the barony of Maxwell; and the castle of Carlaverock, in Niths- dale, was ordained to be the principal messuage thereof. 490 Maxwellheugh and Springwood Park, by James Tait. His grandson, John, Earl Morton, Lord Maxwell, protested in the parliament of 1581, that he had right to hold “the lands of Pendicle Hill, Wester Wooden, Saint Thomas’s Chapel, and half the Haugh, and the half mill of Maxwell, within the barony and lordship of Maxwell, free of any - claims on the part of Sir Thomas Ker of Fernichirst, and others.” It was admitted by the king and Parliament, that this protest was well-founded. The barony of Maxwell continued to be the property of the Lords Maxwell after their creation as Earls of Nithsdale, but, after having been in the uninterrupted possession of the descendants of Maccus for about five centuries, the barony was acquired from Robert, first Harl of Nithsdale, in 1631, partly by the Karl of Roxburghe, and partly by Sir Andrew Ker of Greenhead, who changed the name of Maxwell into Bridgend, from the situation of the house, which was built in the haugh near an old ford in the Teviot. The first break in the Maxwell connection was in 1608, when, because of the unhappy slaughter of Sir James John- stone, of Johnstone, John, eighth Lord Maxwell, was forfeit- ed. Robert Maxwell, brother of John, was afterwards restored to the family titles and estates, and appears to have claimed the lands which belonged to Lord John, at the time of his forfeiture. But the last connection of the Maxwells with their ancient barony was broken in 1631, when the “fourtie pund land of auld extent of the baronie of Max- well,” was apprised from Robert, Earl of Nithsdale, by William Haig of Bemerside. Haig disponed the lands to the Earl of Roxburghe, who on the 21st June, 1634, obtained from the crown a charter of the lands of “ Maxwellhewche, the half of the land callit Maxwellhauch,” and other subjects. By this charter, the Earl of Roxburghe obtained the supe- riority of the lands, which had been acquired by Sir Andrew Ker of Greenhead. This led to a dispute in the middle of the 18th century, when the Duke of Roxburghe, as superior, claimed the right of jurisdiction, which Sir William Ker of Greenhead, claimed as proprietor of the lands. The question was submitted to the Solicitor-General, Erskine, who on the 6th Nov., 1785, gave his opinion, that the Duke, as baron and superior, had a right of jurisdiction over the barony of Maxwell by his charters, and that the foundation of this right had been acknowledged and homologated by the family Maawellheugh and Springwood Park, by James Tait. 491 of Greenhead. The portion of Maxwell which became the property of the Earl of Roxburghe has descended to the Duke of Roxburghe, while the larger portion, of which Sir Andrew Ker became the owner, was purchased in the middle of last century, by Sir James Douglas, second son of George Douglas of Friarshaw, a branch of Cavers, and ancestor of of the present Sir George Henry Scott Douglas, Bart., M.P. Sir James Douglas changed the name of Maxwell to Spring- wood Park. THE CASTLE OF MAXWELL. On the fair domains which Maccus had acquired he built a residence for himself, in the style of the baronial mansions of those times, and around his castle was gradually formed a town or village, occupied by his retainers. Of this castle no part of the building now remains, and even its site is not known with certainty. It is supposed to have stood in a field between Pinnaclehill and the present village of Max- wellheugh, where are still indications that buildings of con- siderable dimensions had formerly existed. The Motehill adjacent is believed to have been the seat of the baronial courts held by Maccus for the administration of justice. It is now enclosed, and forms part of the garden grounds of Pinnaclehill. It is about 35 feet high, and has a slope of 35 yards. As a Border fortress, the castle of Maxwell was liable to suffer from the hostile raids of the English, and among the places destroyed by the Earl of Hertford in 1545 were Maxwellheugh, Bridgend, St. Thomas’s Chapel, East and West Wooden, and Harden, all in or connected with the barony of Maxwell. The mansion of Maxwell was after- wards repaired or rebuilt, but the castle of Carlaverock, which had been acquired at an early date by the Maxwells, being the key to the south of Scotland on the shores of the Solway, required all the energies of the Maxwells to maintain it against the English invaders. Hence, it gradually became the chief family residence, and the castle of Maxwell fell . into decay. ‘The old mansion of Bridgend stood in the haugh, near an old ford of the Teviot, where are two silver pine trees, and it is inferred that there was a bridge across the river, though history is silent on that point, and the ex- isting bridge was not built till 1794, when, also, roads were made from Kelso to St. Boswells; to Fireburn Mill, on the 492 Maaxwellheugh and Springwood Park, by James Tait. Coldstream road; to Orange Lane, by way of Eccles; and from the ford at Newton Mill, by Ednam, to Highridge Hall. Previous to that date there was no bridge, and persons were sometimes drowned when crossing by the ford. In 1718 the Bridgend house was accidentally burned, while it was the property of Sir Andrew Ker of Greenhead. At that time the mill stood a little farther up the Teviot than it is now. In 1750 the estate of Bridgend was purchased by James Douglas, second son of George Douglas of Friarshaw, in the parish of Bowden, an estate which had been possessed by his ancestors since the middle of the sixteenth century, when they branched off from the family of Douglas of Cavers. James Douglas was Captain of the ship Part 11., 1874-5, = 1874. “Byv0. The Institution. Wasurineton, U.S.A. Annual Report of the Board of Regent’s of the Smithsonian Institution, for 1873. Washington, 1874. 8vo. Smithsonian Institution. — Ibid for 1874. Ibid, 1875. 8vo. Ibid. — Coues’ [Dr. Elliott] Birds of the North West : a Hand- Book of the Ornithology of the Region drained by the Missouri River and its Tributaries. Ibid, 1874. 8vo. Dr. F. V. Hayden of the U.S. Geological Survey, —— SomeAccountof Tapus Hudsonius and Lagopus Leucurus. Ibid, 1875. 8vo. Ibid. —— An Account of the Publications relating to the Travels Donations to Berwickshire Natwralists’ Club. 527 of Lewis and Clarke, and the Zoological Results of the Expe- dition. Ibid, 1876. 8vo. Tvid. — Gannett [Henry], Lists of Elevations principally in that portion of the United States, west of the Mississippi River. 8rd Edition. Ibid, 1875. 8vo. Ibid. — Catalogue of the Publication of the United States Sur- vey of the Territories. Ibid, 1874. 8vo. Lbid. — Lesquereux [Leo], Contributions to the Fossil Flora of the Western Territories. [Geological Survey of the Terri- tories]. Parti. The Cretaceous Flora. Ibid, 1874. 8vo. bid. — Cope [E.D.] The Vertebrata of the Cretaceous For- mations of the West. [Geological Survey of the Territories]. Ibid. 1875. Ato. Ibid. — Abstract of Results of a study of the Genera Geomys and Thomomys; with Addenda on the the Osteology of Geomyzide, and onthe Habits of Geomys Tuza. By Dr. Elliott Coues, U.S. Army. Ibid, 1875. 4to. From the Department of the Interior. — Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Year 1873. Ibid, 1874. 8vo. Lhid. WetsHeoot. Collections, Historical and Archeological, relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders, issued by the Powys-land Club, Vol. viii., in 3 parts. London, 1875. 8vo. From the Powys-land Club. — Ibid, Vol., ix., No. Ibid, i. 1876. 8vo. Ibid. Ibid. Domesday Book of Montgomeryshire. Ibid, 1876, Ibid. General Statement. The INCOME and EXPENDITURE have been :— Balance from last year............ 28 17 Of Arrearsireceived, ......0..s-ssecree 10 4 0 Mintraniees BECS..<...0 DEC. lO: ss Sept. 18, 1841. July 26, 1843. Sept. 20, Oct. 18, is May 3, 1846. 39 9 ”? June 3, ”? Oct. 20, 1847. May 3, 1848. June 25, 1849. 99 ”? 99 Oct. 15, 1851. June 30, 1852, 9 29 Sept. 7, 1853. Och. 12s Aug. 16, 1854. ”? Oct. 25, June 23, 9 PP) 31, 1856, 29, ” Jan. Oct. ” ”? 99 ”? ” 532 List of Members. Date of Admission. 38. Frederick R. Wilson, Alnwick .. June 25, 1857. 39. Sir Dudley Coutts Marjoribanks, M.P., Upper Brook Street, Park Lane, London .. July 30, _ ,, 40. Patrick Thorp Dickson, 50, Doughty Street, London, W.C. Oct. 2E, Gs 41. William Sherwin, Ixworth Abbey, Bury St. "Edmunds - ss pe 42. Rev. Thomas Procter, Tweedmouth : aS 6 43. Matthew T. Culley, Coupland eae Wooler a6 9 9 44, John Clay, Berwick ae ae % 7 45. Rev. J. W. Dunn, Warkworth .. ac 55 ” ” 46. Rev. William Cumby, Beadnell, Chathill \. 56 5 ” 47, Rev. William Procter, Doddington, Wooler ore ” ” 48. John Marshall, M.D., Chatton Park, Belford -» dune 24, 1858. 49, James Robson Scott. M D., Scotch Belford, Yetholm, and 27, Abercromby Place Edinburgh ., ate = » 50. Rev. John H. Walker. Greenlaw Sept. 22, 4, 61. John Stuart, LL D.. FSA., Scot., M. Ri. ie General Register House, Edinburgh a Osh. Zig iss 62. John Wheldon. 58, Great Queen Street, Lineoln’ 8 Tin Fields, London, Ww. C. ee 99 99 53, Middleton H. Dand, Hauxley Hall, Acklington .. June 28, 1859, 54. Rey. Aislabie Procter, Alwinton, Morpeth.. axe i 99 55. Stephen Sanderson, Berwick .. 3f 3 7 56. James Maidment, 25, Royal Circus, Edinburgh ve ” ” 57. Dennis Embleton. M D., Newcastle se ” ” 58. Charles B. Pulleime Bosanquet, Rock, Alnwick «. Sept. 29, ,, 59. Rev. John 8. Green, Wooler .. ee -. May 31, 1860. 60. Robert Douglas, Berwick -. dune 28, ,, 61. Rev John Irwin, Hurworth-on- ‘Tees, Darlington se Sépt. 13, 45 62. John Riddell, St. Ninian’s Wooler we ae is oh 63. Watson Askew, Pallinsburn, Coldstream ., ae» OCbred Taam 64, Rev. Edward A. Wilkinson, Tudhoe Vicarage, ray moor, Durham .. May 30, 1861. 65. Robert Clay, M.D., 4, Windsor Villas, Plymouth a ” : 66. William M. Mackenzie, M.D., Kelso June 27, 45 67. J. A. H. Murray, LL.D., Mill Hill, Hendon, Middlesex, N.W. = ae ” ” 68. Charles Douglas, M. any Woodside, Kelso .. a Ae 69. Archibald Campbell Swinton, LL.D., F\RS.E., Kim- merghame, Dunse 30 as ne 70. Rev. Patrick G. McDouall, Kirknewton, Wooler co, JULY 20pm 71. Thomas Brewis (of Eshott), 19, George Square, ar burg h ” ” 72. Rev. W. L. J. Cooley. Rennington, Alnwick 36 oe - 73. Rev. William Greenwell F.S A., Durham.. Bp +9 74, Richard Hodgson Huntley, Carham Hall, Coldstream. . Aug. 29, 45 75. Sir George H. Scott-Douglas, Bart., M P., Springwood Park, Kelso; and 12, Petersham Terrace, London .. or oc 76. William Cunningham, Coldstream os we wept. 26, 45 77. Thomas Friar, Grindon Ridge, Norham .. vs * ” 78. William Wightman, Bank, Wooler Bs ae i" re 79. James Bowhill, Ayton An . 80. Rev. John Scarth, Holy Trinity Vicarage, ‘Milton-next- Gravesend oe 50 oe oF 9 81, Septimus H. Smith, ‘Norham eo oo ee ” ” 82, John Paxton, Norham ee oe ee » ” Inst of Members. . Charles Anderson, Jedburgh ".. ak . Capt. Henry R. Hardie, 4, Stanhope Terrace, Hyde Park Gardens, London, W. . John Scott Dudgeon, Longnewton Place, St. Boswells . William Elliot, Jedburgh we ee oo - James Tait, Highridge Hall, Kelso 88. Rev. J. C. Bruce, LL D., Framlingham Place, Newcastle 89. John Tate, Barnhill, Acklington ie 90. Robert Crossman, Cheswick House, Beal .. aS 91. Rev. Peter Mearns, Coldstream Ae als 92. Alexander Brown. M D., Coldstream Ace 56 93. William Crawford, Dunse .. ais 50 94, George Rea, Middleton House, Alnwick .. 95. Sir Walter Elliot, K CS.L., F.L.8., Wolfelee, Hawick 96. John Ord, Nisbet, Kelso : aed ae 97. William Dickson, Wellfield, Hawick ae vs 98. Thomas Robertson, Alnwick .. 0 OC 99. Alexander Curle, Melrose A EE 100, John Edmund Friar, Grindon Ridge, Norham a 101. William Chartres, Newcastle .. 102. Francis Russell, Sheriff Substitute, Jed- bank, J edburgh 103. William Hilton Dyer Longstaffe, F\S.A., Gateshead . Robert Middlemas, Alnwick .. i . James Hardy, Oldcambus, Cockburnspath — oe . Rev. Edward L. Marrett, Lesbury, Bilton ee . Thomas Clutterbuck, Warkworth do ae . Thomas Tate, Alnwick he siboavt Sc . Rev. Adam Davidson, Yetholm ; aie . Lord Henry Ker, Huntly Burn, Melrose ee . Robert Brown, Taisho sion Chathill .. i . Rev. John F. Bigge Stamfordham, Newoastle es . _ Edward Allen, Alnwick Ae se . Christopher 8. Bell, Stanwick, Darlington Se . Robert Wilson, M.D., ‘Alnwick 116. J. Towlerton Leather, F.S.A., Middleton Hall, Belford 117. Ralph Forster, Castle- “hills, Berwick ee oe 118, Colville Brown, M.D., Berwick ae we 119. Rev. James Farquharson, Selkirk ee Se 120. Henry Richardson, M.D., R.N., Beal ~.. 3h 121. Thomas Allan, Horncliffe House. Berwick ee 122. William Henderson, Fowberry Mains, Belford He 123. Frederick Lewis Roy, Nenthorn, Kelso .. Of 124, William Watson Campbell, M.D., Dunse.. ae 125. G. Sholto Douglas, Riddleton Hill, St. Boswells a8 126. Robert Carr Fluker, M.D., Berwick ah 127, Lieut -Colonel J. P. ’Briges, Bonjedward House, J ed- burgh ee ee ae 128. James Smail, Galashiels se ie 129, Rev. Dugald Macalister, Stitchell, Kelso . a0 130. Rev. Manners Hamilton Graham, Maxton, St Boswells 131. Andrew Wilson, Coldingham .. x 132. J. R. Appleton, FSA, Western Hill, Durham ee 133. Rev. Peter McKerron, Kelso .. ae sitar. 134, Alexander Dewar, M.D., Melrose ae oe 135. William Currie, Linthill, St. Boswells .. oc 136, William Blair, M.D., Jedburgh oo ee 533 Date of Admission. June 26, 1862. Sept. 29, . May 26, 1864, J Sept. 29, |, a) ” May 25, 1865. b] June 29:1. 4s, ” bP) ” 9 July 27, 7 Aug. 31, is May 31, 1866. July 26, ,, 99 ” ” 9” Aug. 30, 4, Sept. 27, Sept. 26, 1867. ”? ” 99 9 ”? 39 ” 99 534 List of Members. Date of Admission 137. Major the Hon. R. Baillie Hamilton, M.P., Langton House, Dunse ; and 51, Brook Street, iioadons W... Sept. 26, 1867. 138. Alex. Hay Borthwick, St. Dunstan’s Villa, Melrose .. a 3 1389; Rev: G. P. MacMorland, Minto, Hawick .. 3 i 140. His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, Alnwick Castle June 25, 1868, 141. Robert G. Bolam, Weetwood Hall, Belford -. Sept. 25, 4 142. Rev. J. Elphinstone Elliot, Whalton, Morpeth ee 9 7 143. Henry Hunter, Alnwick sc 28 ee 9 ” 144. James Brunton, Broomlands, Kelso re 145. Charles Bertram Black, 38, Drummond Place, Edin- burgh ee Oc 9 19 146. Captain James F. Macpherson, Melrose .. ee ” ” 147. Francis Holland, Alnwick eo eo eo ” ” 148. James Heatley, ‘Alnwick eo ee eo ” 9 149. C. H. Cadogan, Alnmouth .. ea és i 150. Henry Wentworth Acland, M.D., Regius Professor of Medicine, Oxford 30 ee 5 151, Robert Romanes, Harryburn, Lauder. ee Sept. 30, 1869, 152. William B. Robertson, Lauder oe ee +, 3 ' 158, Thomas Broomfield, Lauder .. 3c =: ” ” 154. John Brown, Halidean Mill, Melrose .. ee - _ 155. John Bolam, Alnwick ee 7 9 156. Rev. William J. Meggison, South Charlton, Alnwick -- ” 157. John Dunlop, Berwick = oe Sept. 29, 1870. 158. Pringle Hughes, Middleton Hall, Wooler sb Fe 159, David OC. McVail, 27, Great Western Road, Glasgow + ” 160. Rev. James Noble, Castleton Manse, N ewcastleton, Carlisle eo ate “ es - Pe 161. James Purves, Berwick ae ee we ” ” 162. George L. Paulin, Berwick .. ee ee ” ” 163. Rev. David Paul, Roxburgh, Kelso 5c sc iy 's 164. Thomas Patrick, "Berwick... ee es ” ” 165. Rev. John George Rowe, Vicar, Berwick eS Pa i 166. John Scott, Berwick ae oe ” 9 167. Captain Simpson, North Sunderland 40 Sc ss Fn 168. John Pringle Turnbull, Alnwick oc ” » 169. Rev. E. B. Trotter, St. "‘Michael’s Vicarage, Alnwick Z 6 170. James Wood, Galashiels 6 oie dc 9 ” 171. George Young, Berwick we oe a b ” 172. Matthew Young, Berwick .. i z 173. Rev. Thomas Brown, F.R.S.E., 16, Carlton Street, Edinburgh a0 < «- May 11, 1871. 174. Rev. riheras F. Johnstone, St. Boswell’s ng, be auil wdabooitn oy 7H 4Hy OS antl S$ + Sighs Mee PAWN, ee " ‘ wy ee yor: " Nae aon Yiu ee’ ts ae a ‘< Tose wt. e- SUS & JOD. lal faturahsts | shire N che Berwi : b, Aberdeen. 7 ue & Gib eth K Delt lemas Colts Rob? Vi shire Naturalists Clo Plate, iL, Keith & Gibb, Aberdeen. Pee Ave even S. Berwickshire Naturalists Chub. Plate: dd Keith ke Gibb, Aberdeen. Rob? Middlemas _ Delt DING Saye es Wen NTS: Robt Maddlemas, Delt Keith & Gibb, Aberdeen. Pie Tee MIAN) IDS: Berwitkshire Naturalists Club. Plate BRONZE CELT FOUND AT LINDEN. from a Sketch by RGBolam, Esq. FOUND AT MILLBANK, AYTON froma Sicetch by K.M. Imes Esq AtoB. 6% in C toC. iin. height, San Set De se ae = te ee ae ne teal Mente don Spr, Stes, od Pee oe Oey pee I ae ee ¥ a ey lana ine ESS aa ear ce Pt)