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Ss pea tL “rete a ‘adil wi wei a ry ¥vS renee’ yew a ~ wa “uw . < 3 QE fst Sk P a bidity cL gh er “GU uw Ah WUE = vee [ot La 2 7 Wie e Muy ip Nery oT were 1 tebe, yh? “A leith ibd Th ete et Mi | INT ngaatttven a ives aren ed | 5 i, . U vd were es AS NS Meu - Tite “vy vewer: ULC veue attest io “Ann. ) Nive , Way ewer ty TTT ETE EET hie rie Sw MOSS ur : ¢ ayn aac wre eT ETT Worn eetes Wee eet tt Net we es yw ARIA, we alal Te a.) , . : yt “as i © - Pen. —Seme re heawevtt sents we MTEL Ah . Sean ly ag V vi S ‘~~ a q wwe \ Be wi : a be {Ther hd al een Nery, ¥ ~ 4h : ha bi MU dob tee cterenieetyy TTA ; gat tlire, 9! recites. Ny J sey ngsa LT | «ao Omri ah tit } s, Coy Volt ys wer ny Vilgie &\ Senet 2 wit tee hh po sail as a | rise . = of vv ig } H Cethett reat a5 det wees ie yt ey Eee ee Wey Ade, / prr 4, { Bo eee ye reet re r sere eniden TvirT Wem m » aR ei me ow as were _eauwt FS QL rea. 7 > THE HISTORY Birds | OF THE SeORnLECLEIONS CONTAINED IN THE NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENTS OF THE BRIINSH MUSEUM, BIRDS } \ py BY R. BOWDLER SHARPE, LL.D., ASSISTANT KEEPER, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, BRITISH MUSEUM. 1906. ieee wer maen és hie 10 3. BIRDS. By R. BOWDLER SHARPE. I. GENERAL SKETCH. Str Hans Sroane’s Museum undoubtedly formed the ground- work on which the great Zoological Collection of the British Museum was founded. In 1753 the number of ornithological specimens was stated to be 1,172; these, however, were not all mounted birds, but contained many fragmentary specimens, such as Hornbill’s heads, and odd bones. His collection of zoological objects could never have been of the same importance as his Herbarium (cf. Hist. Coll., vol. i., Botany, p. 81), or even of his collection of minerals (¢f. Hist. Coll., Minerals, pp. 355, 356), and, as far as I know, not a single specimen of a bird from the Sloane Collection now exists in the Museum. All have perished. Many specimens procured during Captain Cook’s voyages were either in the Banksian Collection or in the British Museum, or were supposed to be there. These specimens have also perished, the reason probably being that they were inadequately prepared, were always mounted, and, from a lack of appreciation of their priceless value, were allowed to decay, through a want of proper curatorial knowledge. In Latham’s “ General Synopsis of Birds” (1781-1785) are mentioned a great number of species described from specimens in the British Museum, not one of which now survives. There is apparently but one relic of the birds obtained by Captain Cook, viz. a Tree Starling, Aplonis ulietensis, which has persisted in a kind of mummified state to the present day, after having been mounted and exposed to the dust and light of the old British Museum for nearly a century. The Montagu Collection of British birds was purchased by the nation in 1816. Colonel Montagu, who had corresponded with Gilbert White, was a first-rate ornithologist in his day. Not one of his specimens was properly prepared—apparently no preserva- tive worthy of the name having been used—and I have felt the greatest anxiety as to the preserving of the relics of this ancient British collection. The bones of the neck and other bones of the body were left in the specimens, which were set up by no means 80 Zoology. badly. During the thirty years that they have been under my care, many have been attacked by small mites (in spite of the camphor-laden atmosphere of the cases) and have fallen to pieces. Notwithstanding all the efforts of the Museum taxidermists, it has seldom been possible to dismount any specimens from the Montagu Collection, and they have mostly been transferred bodily to the cabinets of skins. Owing to the specimens having no preservative, many of them, especially the fat and heavy ones, fell to pieces from their own weight in course of time. This was regrettably the case with the Been killed Great Bustard (Otis tarda) which collapsed a few years ago. The method of preserving specimens in Acheter time can best be imagined by reading the “short directions” given by Johann Reinhold Forster, “for collecting, preserving, and transporting all kinds of Natural History Curiosities.” These directions are appended to Forster’s “Catalogue of the Animals of North America, containing an Enumeration of the known Quadrupeds, Birds, Reptiles, Fish, Insects, Crustaceous and Testaceous Animals; many of which are new and never described before.” This scarce little pamphlet was published in 1771 by Benjamin White, Gilbert White’s eldest brother, at ‘“ Horace’s Head, in Fleet Street.” A reproduction of this pamphlet, from a copy in Professor Newton’s possession, was published by the Willughby Society in 1882. It may be interesting to give Forster’s ‘‘ short directions ” for preserving a bird, as it explains the method in vogue in his time, and it is not to be wondered at that specimens, so treated, decayed in the course of a century :—‘ Birds must be opened at the vent, their entrails, lungs, and craws taken out, washed with the preparing liquor, strewed with the preparing powder, stuffed with the prepared oakhum or tow; their plumage kept clean during the operation, sewed up with thread steeped in the preparing liquor ; the eyes taken out, with the tongue, and both places washed with the same liquor ; the mouth must be filled with prepared tow in great birds, the eyes filled up with putty, and, when dry, painted with oil-colour after the natural colour of live birds, of the same species, and then dried in an oven ; how- ever, as there is all the meat on the bird left, care must be taken not to take too plump or too fat birds, and dry them slowly under the same precaution as mentioned No. 1 [Quadrupeds]. The operation must be repeated till the bird be perfectly dry. The attitude may be given to the bird before he be put in the oven, Birds. 81 by wires that are sharp on one end and thrusted through the bird’s legs, body, breast, and neck, and others going through the wings and body. Small birds are likewise well preserved in brandy, rack, or rum; and when arrived at their place of destination they must be washed and sweetened in fresh water for several times, and lastly dipped in the preparing liquor, the plumage laid in order, the attitude given tothe bird by wires, and then dried. Care must be taken to kill the birds with shot proportioned to their size, and at a reasonable distance, that the specimen may not be mangled and torn. Young birds which have not yet moulted must not be taken ; but old birds in full feather, and, if possible, a specimen of each sex; for the sexes often vary very much in size, feather, and colour. The nests of birds and their eggs would likewise contribute towards perfecting the history of this branch in zoology.” The “liquor” was thus composed: “An ounce of Sal Am- moniac, dissolved in a quart of water, in which afterwards two ounces of corrosive sublimate Mercury must be put, or four ounces of Arsenic may be boiled in two quarts or two quarts and a half of water, till all or the greater part of it be dissolved, and the liquor may serve for the same purpose to wash the inside of the skin: then the whole cavity must be stuffed with oakhum or tow, likewise imbibed with the same liquor, afterwards dried and mixed with a powder of four parts of Tobacco-sand, four parts of pounded black Pepper, one part of burnt Alum, and one part of corrosive Sublimate or Arsenic.” No wonder that specimens thus treated fell to pieces in course of time, and it is doubtful whether the birds of Colonel Montagu’s Collection had even this amount of preservative bestowed upon them. Professor Newton can remember old Montague House, as it stood before the present British Museum took its place. Two of our attendants, Mr. Edward Gerrard and Mr. John Saunders, actually served in the time of the old building ; and in the old brew-house of the estate, which stood on the west of the present Museum boundary, in Great Russell Street, the coppers were - used by them for boiling the skeletons of seals and other large mammals from the Parry, Ross, and Franklin Expeditions. Mr. Saunders tells me that the painted ceilings and wall decora- tions mentioned below were bought, on the demolition of the original house, by the lodge-keeper, a shrewd old man named Sivier, who had been butler to the celebrated Lord Lyndhurst. He re-sold them, and made a good bit of money by the trans- VOL. II. G 82 Zoology. action. Montague House, where the collections were first installed, was a large mansion, standing in its own grounds, with a high brick wall surrounding it. The oil-paintings which hung in the old Bird-Gallery at Bloomsbury had been on the walls in Montague House, within Mr. Gerrard’s recollection. The specimens were all mounted in cases round the sides of the rooms, as well as in pier-cases and table-cases down the centre of the latter. In 1845 the present British Museum at Bloomsbury was completed, and a large series of birds, forming undoubtedly the best public gallery of the age, was placed on view. These specimens suffered to some extent from light, but more from soot and dust, which penetrated the wall-cases from behind, the wood-work being split from too close proximity to the coils of the heating apparatus. The Zoological Department was only slowly expanded from the days of Sir Joseph Banks. Solander, who accompanied Banks during Cook’s first voyage (1768-71) had been made successively an Assistant, Assistant-Keeper, and Keeper, of the Natural History Departments. Shaw, Kénig, Leach, and Children had succeeded him as Assistant-Keepers and Keepers, and most of them were efficient and zealous men. In 1824 John Edward Gray became an Assistant, and in 1840 he was made Keeper of the Zoological Department, a post which he held for 34 years. The Assistant in charge of the birds was George Robert Gray, his brother, who entered the Museum in 1831, and was Assistant-Keeper from 1869 to 1872, when he died in harness. During the 34 years that Dr. J. E. Gray reigned over the Zoological Department, immense progress in the development of the collections took place, not merely as the results of surveying voyages, such as those of the Rattlesnake, Erebus and Terror, and many others ; but the increase was mostly due to the extra- ordinary energy of Dr. Gray, who set himself the task of making his department the foremost in the world. He has never received full credit for his exertions, for he had to fight against much prejudice within the Museum walls, and when the grants for purchases had been expended, he would freely spend his own money in buying specimens which he deemed to be of importance to the collection, It must be remembered that in the early days of the nineteenth century, England occupied but a poor position from a zoological standpoint, and France was at the zenith of her fame as regards exploration and the encouragement of science. Paris, Berlin, Leyden, were all increasing their zoological collections, Birds. 83 and England was put to the test to keep pace with the progress of the Continental museums. That this country held its own so well is undoubtedly due to the enthusiasm of John Edward Gray. His brother, George Robert Gray, was a man of a totally different stamp, of much quieter temperament, and not moved to strenuous exertion ; he had, moreover, no acquaintance with the habits of birds, and Professor Newton (Dict. Birds, Intr., p. 30) describes him correctly as a “thoroughly conscientious clerk.” This he certainly was, as he worked assiduously in a clerk-like manner, with a clear comprehension of the compilation of synonymy, but he had no knowledge of birds in life. A story is told of him that, as he was being continually twitted about his ignorance of birds in the field, he one day hired a gun, and went into Hertfordshire to shoot birds. He was promptly arrested by a keeper for trespassing. Whether the story be true or merely ben trovato, it is certain that George Gray had a working knowledge of birds from their skins, and during his long connection with the Zoological Department, he became acquainted with all the best Ornithologists of his time, so that, as the result of his own and their studies, the British Museum possessed a well-named, if a small, collection of birds. His greatest work was the ‘Genera of Birds,” published in three folio volumes, long ago out of print and now much enhanced in price. The work was arranged on the old Cuvierian classification, with its rostral system, Tenuirostres, Fissirostres, etc., but the characters of families and genera were detailed, with a list of the species known up to the time of publica- tion. Illustrations were given of the generic characters of birds, most of these being drawn by D. W. Mitchell, who was subse- quently Secretary of the Zoological Society. Mitchell also executed most of the coloured plates for Gray’s work, but a few were done by Josef Wolf, who had not long before come to England, but who was already taking his place as the greatest natural-history artist the world has ever seen. As a Museum curator it is possible that Gray did the collec- tions some harm, but for this the system of management then in vogue was chiefly responsible, even if he cannot be entirely acquitted of a want of judgment. It was the custom, not only in the British Museum, but in every other museum in Europe, to mount every specimen of value in the public galleries: the more valuable the specimen, the more was it exposed in the gallery, there to perish. The idea of the officers in charge of the a 2 84 Zoology. Mammals and Birds was that the public demanded to see all the rare and unique specimens, and it is equally certain that some donors made a great fuss if their specimens were not all exhibited. The consequences were absurd. When I began to unmount the historical specimens in the Bird-gallery, I found in one case eleven specimens of an Eagle, all young birds in the same plumage, and from’ the same country, mounted in a row, and where one of the birds had lost a leg, the want was supplied by a wire substitute. Not one of the eleven specimens gave a proper idea of the bird in life. In those days there were no explanatory labels, and the public wandered about the galleries, fatigued with the sameness of the exhibitions provided, from which they could learn nothing, nor was any attempt made to teach them. My own experience, as a boy, was that, in the bird-section at least, a student was an unwelcome visitor, and his appearance on the scene resented. This was certainly my own case, for I had always but a short time to spare, as it was seldom that I could get leave of absence from the Zoological Society, even for an hour. I therefore always took the precaution to write to Mr. G. R. Gray two or three days beforehand, to ask him to have the specimens ready for me to compare when I arrived, so that the time of both of us might be saved. These precautions were often useless ; the visitor was informed on arrival that there was a Trustees’ meeting to be prepared for, or some other function intervening, to prevent the Curator from attending to the visitor, who was then told to see what he could through the glass in the gallery, the Curator arriving with the keys of the cases about half an hour later. When one wanted to examine any unmounted specimens, these were to be found in wooden boxes, a hundred or more skins huddled together, so that it was often necessary to turn out the whole contents of the box on the table to search for a particular specimen. In this way the plumage of the birds was ruffled, the legs and wings torn off, and great injury to the skins resulted. Jt was undoubtedly this want of management on the part of the Museum Curators that led to the formation of the great private collections in the nineteenth century. It was on these that all the sound ornithological work of this country was based, and no one cared to visit the British Museum, unless he were forced to do so for the purpose of examining some special type or historical specimen. After the publication of his very useful “ Handlist of Birds. 85 Birds,” in which Gray focussed all his knowledge acquired since the ‘‘Genera of Birds” had been published, he conceived the idea of labelling the collection of birds’-skins according to the nomenclature of the ‘‘Handlist.”. He commenced by having some labels printed with a “ Handlist No.” attached, and he then proceded to tranfer the localities, etc., of the specimens (or what he imagined to be these particulars) from the original labels on to the “ Handlist ” labels, snipping off the collectors’ tickets, which were at the same time destroyed. Only one box of birds had been thus treated by Gray, viz., the genus Pratincola, when his death took place, and the collection was saved! These remarks are not made in any spirit of unkindness, for Gray was no worse than any other curator of his time. At the same period Schlegel was mounting every specimen as it came into the great collection at Leyden, and the same system is pursued to this day in some Museums, so that every specimen, however rare or of historical value, is doomed to destruction: it is only a question of time. A mounted specimen may last six months or fifty years—accord- - ing to the precautions which are taken by the officers in charge of the museum to exclude the light—but the result is inevitable, and the specimen sooner or later becomes bleached and deteriorated. When I entered the service of the Museum in 1872, Dr. John Edward Gray was still Keeper of the Zoological Department, and Dr. Giinther was Assistant-Keeper. A new era in the administration was about to commence. The “Catalogue of Birds” was undertaken in a similar form to Dr. Giinther’s celebrated “ Catalogue of Fish,” and it. is certain that the completion of the Bird Catalogue is due to his excellent management and administration. The work took 24 years to complete, and ran to 27 volumes, which were written by eleven different authors, as has been amusingly recorded by Dr. Sclater in the introduction to the “ Avium Generum Index Alphabeticus,” forming vol. ix. of the “ Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club.” “ De Catalogi Avium Magni Scriptoribus undecim.” “ Sharpius incepit scripsitque volumina multa ; Seebohmus sequitur, promptus ad auailium. Teutonicus, zelo plenus, venit inde Gadovus, Salvinusque bonam preebet amicus opem. Jam Sclaterus adest, tria longa volumina complens Americanarum notus amans avium. 86 Zoology. Expers Hargittus nunc Picos ordinat omnes, Hartertusque sagax Cypselidas numerat. Multum etiam pense Shelleyi profuit ardor, Multum Saundersi mens operosa dedit. Clarus ab Italia jam Salvadorius adstat, Hit tandem Grantus fine coronat opus.” When I first came to London, in 1863, I was full of en- thusiasm for ornithology, and by the time that I was appointed the first Librarian of the Zoological Society in 1867, I was already writing my “Monograph of the Alcedinide,” and had occasionally to visit the British Museum to examine types and specimens of rare Kingfishers. No one of the present generation, who visits the Zoological Department at the present time, can have any conception of the difficulties under which we worked in the days of the old British Museum. At the end of the Egyptian Gallery there was a series of rooms, to which one descended by some downward steps in a dark corner. The rooms in which the members of the Zoological Department worked, had been originally intended for cellars or store-rooms—windows had to be knocked in the walls—and in the gloom of this under- ground dungeon many of the Catalogues of the collections were compiled. In this “Insect room,” as it was called, the assistants were crowded together, and there was no space for spreading out any series of birds for study. It was under such circumstances that the “Catalogue of Birds” was begun. Dr. Sclater, in reviewing one of my early volumes of this work, commenced his article as follows (Nature, vol. 16, 1877, pp. 541-542): “If the visitor to the British Museum will pause at the foot of the staircase leading up to the Paleontological gallery and look carefully into the obscurity in the right hand corner he will perceive a door with a brass plate on one side of it. On entering this door and descending (with care) a flight of darkened steps, he will find himself in the cellar, which has for many years constituted the workshop of our national zoologists. Two small studies parti- tioned off to the left are assigned to the keeper of the department and his first assistant. The remaining naturalists are herded together in one apartment commonly called the ‘ Insect-room,’ along with artists, messengers, and servants. Into this room is shewn everybody who has business in the Zoological Department of the British Museum, whether he comes as student to examine Birds. 87 the collections, or as a tradesman to settle an account. Amid the perpetual interruptions thus caused, our national zoologist has to pursue his work. “Some of the specimens are here, some in the galleries over- head, and some are stored away in cellars at a still lower depth than that in which he sits at work. The library attached to the department contains merely some of the most obvious books of reference ; all others have to be obtained on loan from the great national depository of books in the centre of the building. No lights are allowed, and when the fogs of winter set in, the obscurity is such that it is difficult to see any object requiring minute examination. ** Under these circumstances, which we trust to see materially altered when the zoological collections are moved to their new home in South Kensington, it is more than creditable to our zoologists that they should have turned out the large amount of scientific work that has issued from their department of the British Museum during the past thirty years.” The collections of Bird-skins were packed in boxes, which were arranged in book-cases, some round the wall of the Assistant-Keeper’s study, others in the dark passage by which the Insect-room was approached. As the collection of big birds increased, larger wooden boxes were provided, which were placed in racks in the same outside passage, and in the recesses behind the Bird-gallery upstairs, each box requiring two men to carry it ; but these larger boxes were constructed after Gray’s death, with a view to the transference of the collection from Bloomsbury to South Kensington. Some idea of the increase in the collection of Bird-skins between the years 1872 and 1883 may be gained from the fact that, in the former year, the specimens of Birds of Prey, or Accipitres, occupied only a few wooden boxes, and were all contained within a single book-case in the Insect-room passage. Eleven years later, when they were removed to South Kensington, these birds occupied 108 boxes, measuring 3x 13x 1 ft., each requiring two men to lift it. They now fill thirty great cabinets, extending down one entire side of the Bird-room in the Natural History Museum. I have no exact record of the number of specimens of birds and their eggs which existed in 1872, when I took over the charge of the collections, but I should reckon the mounted birds at about 10,000, the skins and eggs at the most 20,000 more, so that an estimate of the total number of specimens at 35,000 is a Zoology. probably excessive. The number at the present day cannot be less than 400,000, including 100,000 eggs. By the time of Dr. Giinther’s accession to the Keepership of the Department, a great improvement in the tone of the latter had taken place. The accounts were more regularly kept, and the expenditure of the following financial year was not mortgaged in advance, as had been so often the case in previous years. The new Keeper showed great vigour in ameliorating the condition of the public galleries, replacing the bleached and faded specimens by well mounted examples. A particular feature of his adminis- tration was the introduction of a series of British birds and their nests, mounted so as to represent the actual surroundings of the latter. This was a scheme which I had always had much at heart, and the first of these natural groups was that of the Coots, which I procured at Avington Park in Hampshire—parent birds, nest, and eggs—the whole group being presented to the Museum by my old friend, Sir Edward Shelley. A few groups were presented by Mr. Theodore Walker, of Leicester, but the bulk of the birds and nests were obtained for the Museuin by Lord Walsingham, to whom the public owes a deep debt of gratitude. One feature of these exhibitions of “ British birds in their haunts ” is not generally known. In each case the scene is as nearly a reproduction of the actual facts as could be attained. The birds that actually built the nest and laid the eggs are there, and the bush or tree, the herbage and the flowers, are also reproduced, as they were on the day when the nest was taken. Although America has claimed the services of one of the ladies who did the reproduction of the leaves and flowers, we can still command the services of other clever ladies who are adepts at modelling foliage, so that the counterfeit leaves and flowers can scarcely be distinguished from the actual living plants. Dr. Giinther determined from the first to reproduce nothing but the actual facts, so as to give, as far as possible, a true life-picture of the birds as they were in life. Thus specimens in their worn nesting plumage have not been replaced by handsomer birds which did not belong to the actual nest. This much, therefore, can be claimed for the Museum series of British birds and their nests, that the cases represent faithfully the actual conditions as they existed on the day when the nests were discovered. Birds: 89 In the earlier days of the British Museum there does not seem to have been any attempt to issue an authentic Guide-book as to its contents. An anonymous author published a little work in 1761, entitled “The General Contents of the British Museum: with Remarks. Serving asa Directory in viewing that Noble Cabinet.” Two editions of this book (1761, 1762) were printed for R. and J. Dodsley, in Pall Mall. The remarks on the bird collections are of no importance. We are, therefore, only able to gain some idea of the extent of these early collections from the ‘General Synopsis of Birds,” compiled by the celebrated ornithologist, Dr. John Latham, of Dartford. In this great work, consisting of three volumes (each in two parts, making six volumes in all), with two Supplements, he describes all the birds known to him, and bestows an English name on each, many of these~ names being still accepted in popular parlance at the present day. The great value of Latham’s book, as a history, consists in the fact that he indicated the species existing in the British Museum at the end of the 18th century, so that we are able to compile a tolerably complete record of the contents of the Bird-room in the first days of the British Museum. Latham separates Birds into two Divisions, viz. Lanp Birps (Vols. i-ii., 1781-1783), and Waver Birps (Vol. iii., 1785) ; each volume being in two parts. His object was to give a complete list of known birds, with descriptions and synonymy. He included all the species mentioned by Buffon in his “ Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux,” and followed Ray in his primary division of the class into “ Land” and “ Water” Birds. He also determined to adhere to Linnean Genera, except in a few cases, and proclaimed his scheme in his “ Preface” (p. iv) as follows :— ‘Tn these sheets will be found near four times the number of birds mentioned in the “ Systema Nature” ; the additions to which will be drawn from the authors which have appeared since that publication, added to a great number of species not mentioned before by anyone. This we shall be enabled to do from the numerous collections in Natural History which have been formed of late years in England, and in which, in course, a multitude of new subjects have been introduced from various parts of the world, but more especially within these few years from the indefatigable researches of those who have made so great dis- coveries in the Southern Ocean.” 90 Zoology. Speaking of the museums of his day, he adds this note :— “ Among these, the magnificent one at Leicester House, formed by Sir Ashton Lever, ought to be particularly mentioned, as likewise the favours received from the inspection of numerous subjects, the produce of the last and the former voyages to the South Seas, in the possession of Jos. Banks, Esq., P.R.S., Soho Square.” ‘Tt will be necessary, however, to remark that, on account of _ the uncertainty of the return of the last circumnavigating ships, the Accipitrine order, here first published, was printed off before their arrival in England, by which means a few new species of the Falcon genus have been excluded from their place. This has of necessity obliged us to introduce them by means of duplicate pages, marked with an asterisk.” The preface is signed by Latham as from Dartford, on the 1st of January, 1781. The book was published by Benjamin White, the elder brother of Gilbert White. The latter, however, does not seem to have ever met Latham personally, though Latham was acquainted with Pennant, by correspondence at least. It will be seen from the above preface that Latham was specially indebted for some of his descriptions to the Leverian Museum and the Banksian Collections. Some of the species are stated to be in the “Tower Menagerie” and in the “ Royal Society’s Museum,” as well as in his own collection. Some field- notes were given to him by Dr. Solander and Dr. Johann Rein- hold Forster, on their return from Capt. Cook’s voyages. The following species are recorded by Latham as being in the British Museum :— DIVISION I. LAND BIRDS. King Vulture. Vol. i., p. 7 (= Gyparchus papa [L.)). Carrion Vulture, p. 9 (= Cathartes aura [L.]). Sea-Eagle, p. 30 (= Haliaétus albicilla [L.]). ** This species was also met with in Botany Island by Captain Cook.” The bird observed by the latter must have been an immature Haliaétus leucogaster. Spotted Eagle, p. 38 (= Aquila maculata, Gm.). Osprey, p. 45 (= Pandion haliaétus | L.)). New Zealand Falcon, p. 57 (=Harpa nove zealandiz [Gm.]). Goshawk, p. 58 (= Astur palumbarius [1.}). Birds. 91 Kite, p. 64 (= Milvus milvus [L.}). Surinam Falcon, p. 84 (= Falco sufflator, L.). Kestril, p. 94 (= Cerchneis tinnunculus [L.]). Sparrow Hawk, p. 99 (= Accipiter nisus [L.}). Hobby p. 103 (= Falco subbuteo, L.). Orange-breasted Hobby, n. sp., p. 105 (= Falco aurantius, Gm.). Merlin, p. 107 (= Falco xsalon, Tunst.). The species of Owls mentioned by Latham as being in the British Museum were the following :— *Hared Owls. Vol. i., p. 116. Great-Eared Owl, p. 116 (= Bubo bubo [L.}). Red-Eared Owl, p. 123 (= Pisorhina asio [L.}). Short-Eared Owl, p. 124 (= Asio accipitrinus [ Pall. }). ** With smooth heads. Vol. i., p. 132. Snowy Owl, p. 132 (=Nyctea nyctea [L.)). Cinereous Owl, n. sp., p. 134 (=Scotiaptex cinerea [Gm. }) White Owl, p. 138 (= Strix flammea, L.). Tawny Owl, p. 139 (=Syrnium aluco [L.}). Brown Owl, p. 140 (= Syrnium aluco [L.]). Little Owl, p. 150 (= Athene noctua [Scop.}). In Orper II., the Pies (Vol. i. part i, p. 153), are men- tioned the following Shrikes as being in the British Museum :— Great Cinereous Shrike, p. 160 (= Lanius excubitor, L.). Red-backed Shrike, p. 167 (= Lanius collurio, L.). Tyrant Shrike, p. 184 (= Tyrannus pipiri, Vieill.). Pied Shrike, p. 190 (= Thamnophilus doliatus [.}). Spotted Shrike, p. 190 (= Thamnophilus nzvius [Gm.}). +Dusty Shrike, p. 191 (=Lanius obscurus, Gm.). +Brown Shrike, p. 191 (= Lanius fuscus, Gm.). Genus v. Parrot. Vol.i., p. 199. With uneven tails. Blue-bellied Parrot, p. 213 (=Trichoglossus nove hol- landiz {[Gm.]). Rose-ringed Parrakeet, p. 235 (=Palzornis torquata [Bodd.]). + These two appear to be species of Formicariidx, but they have not as yet been identified. 92 Zoology. With tails even at the end. Vol.i., p. 256. Ash-coloured Parrot, p. 261 (= Psitiacus erithacus, L.). White-breasted Parrot, p. 305 (=Caica melanocephala [L-). Red-headed Guinea Parrakeet, p. 309 (=Agapornis pul- laria [1.]). Sapphire-crowned Parrakeet, p. 312 (= Loriculus galgulus [L.)). Chestnut-crowned Parrakeet, p. 314 (=Pyrrhura picta [P.GoS; valli): Purple-tailed Parrakeet, p. 315 (=Urochroma purpurata [Gm. ]). Grey-headed Parrakeet, p. 315 (= Agapornis cana [Gm.}). Black-winged Parrakeet, p. 316 (= Urochroma cingulata [Scop. }). Genus vi. Toucan. Vol. i., pt. 1. p. 323. Yellow-breasted Toucan, p. 326 (=Rhamphastos tucanus [Gm. ]). Latham’s description agrees well (with the exception of the upper tail-coverts) with Rhamphastos ariel of Vigors (Zool. Journ., ii., p. 466, pl. xv.). Although Latham says that he saw the species in the British Museum, one could almost imagine that he had based his description on Daubenton’s plate, no. 307, “ Toucan & gorge jaune du Brésil,” a reference to which does not appear in the “Catalogue of Birds.” Still nearer, however, do the plate and description agree with Rhamphastus osculans, Gould, which must probably be superseded by R. tucanus (Gm.). Green Toucan, p. 331 ( = Pteroglossus viridis [L.)). “Toucan verd, de Cayenne,” Daubenton, pl. 727, and ‘“ Femelle du Toucan verd, de Cayenne,” Daubenton, pl. 728. Latham himself quotes these plates of Daubenton. Genus vii. Mormor. Vol. i., pt. i., p. 337. Brasilian Motmot, p. 338 (=Momotus momota [L.]). Cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii., p. 319 (1892). Genus viii. Hornsity. Vol. i., pt. i. p. 341. Philippine Hornbill, p. 345 (=Dichoceros bicornis [L.}). Cf. Ogilvie Grant, Cat. B., xvii., p. 355. Genus ix. Brer-raTer. Vol. i., pt. i., p. 359. ea oe Birds. 95 Genus x, Ant “Vol..1., pt. i., p. 360. Lesser Ani, p. 360 (= Crotophaga ani [L.]). Cf. Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 429 (1891). Genus xi. Warrie-BirD. Vol. i., pt. i. p. 364. Genus xii. Crow. Vol.i., pt. i., p. 366. Raven, p. 367 (= Corvus coraz, L.). Carrion Crow, p. 370 (=Corone corone [L.]). Rook, p. 372 (=Trypanocorax frugilegus [L.)). Hooded Crow, p. 374 (= Corone cornia [L.]). Jackdaw, p. 378 (= Colwus monedula {L.]). Jay, p. 384 (=Garrulus glandarius [1.)). Blue Jay, p. 386 (= Cyanocitta cristata [L.]). Magpie, p. 392 (= Pica pica [L.}). Nutcracker, p. 400 (= Nuci/raga caryocatactes [L.]). Red-legged Crow, p. 401 (= Graculus graculus [L.)). Genus xiii. Rouiuer. Vol. i., pt. i. p. 405. Garrulus Roller, p. 406 (= Coracias garrulus, L.). *Blue Roller, p. 412 (= Coracias cerulea, Gm.). *Ultramarine Roller, p. 413 (=Coracias cyanea, Gm.). Genus xiv. Oriote. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 417 (1782). Red-winged Oriole, p. 428 (= Agelzeus phoniceus [L.]). Baltimore Oriole, p. 432 (= Icterus baltimore [1.}). White-winged Oriole, p. 440 (= Tachyphonus melaleucus [Sparrm.], Oriolus leucopterus, Gm., pt.). Black Oriole, p. 445 (= Quiscalus niger [Bodd.}). Golden Oriole, p. 449 (= Oriolus galbula, L.). Genus xv. GRAKLE. Vol.i., pt. ii., p. 455. Minor Grakle, p. 455 (= Eulabes religiosus | L.]). Boat-tailed Grakle, p. 460 (= Quiscalus crassirostris [Sw.]). Purple Grakle, p. 462 (= Quiscalus versicolor, Vieill.). Genus xvi. Parapise Birp. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 469. Greater Paradise Bird, p. 471 (= Paradisea apoda [L.}). King Paradise Bird, p. 475 (= Cicinnurus regius | L.}). * These two species are apparently not true Rollers. I have not been able to determine the species with certainty, as the specimens have perished. 94 Zoology. Genus xvii. Curucur. Vol. i., pt. ii, p. 484. Genus xviii. Barset. Vol. i., pt. ii, p. 493. Black-spotted Barbet, p. 496 (=Capito niger [P. L. 8. Miill.}). Black-throated Barbet, p. 501 (= Tricholema leucomelan [ Bodd. }). Buff-faced Barbet, p. 504 (= Xantholema hzmatocephala [ Mull. }). Genus xix. Cuckow. Vol.i., pt. i, p. 508. Common Cuckow, p. 509 (= Cuculus canorus, L.). Caroline Cuckow, p. 537 (= Coccyzus americanus { L.}). Genus xx. Wryneck. Vol.i., pt. li, p. 547. Wryneck, p. 548 (=Tynex torquilla, L.). Genus xxi. Woopprcker. Vol.i., pt. ii, p. 550. With three toes. Striped-bellied Woodpecker, p. 563 (? = Ceophleus ery- throps). - Greater-spotted Woodpecker, p. 564 (= Dendrocopus major [L.}). Lesser-spotted Woodpecker, p. 566 (= Dendrocopus minor [L.]). Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, p. 574 (=Sphyropicus varius [L.}). Green Woodpecker, p. 577 (= Gecinus viridis [L.}). Rufous Woodpecker, p. 594 (= Celeus rufus [Gm.}). Gold-winged Woodpecker, p. 597 (= Colaptes auratus [L.]). Northern Three-toed Woodpecker, p. 60 (= Picoides tri- dactylus [L.]). Genus xxii. Jacamar. Vol. 1, pt. ii., p. 603. Green Jacamar, p. 603 (=Galbula viridis, Lath.). Genus xxiii. KuinesrisHer. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 550. Common Kingsfisher, p. 626 (= Alcedo ispida, L.). Genus xxiv. Nutruatcu. Vol.i., pt. ii., p. 647. European Nuthatch, p. 648 (= Sitta europea, L.). Birds. 95 Gfenus xxv. Topy. Voll. 1, pt. ii, p..656, Green Tody, p. 637 (= Todus viridis, L.). Cinereus Tody, p. 658 (= Todirostrum cinereum [L.}). Dusky Tody, p. 661 (= Contopus virens [| L.]). Genus xxvi. Berr-EAtTeR. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 666. Common Bee-eater, p. 667 (= Merops apiaster, L.). Genus xxvii. Hoopor. Vol. i., pt. ii, p. 686. Common Hoopoe, p. 687 (= Upupa epops, L.). Genus xxvili. CREEPER. Vol. i., pt. ii, p. 698. Common Creeper, p. 701 (= Certhia familiaris, L.). Sickle-billed Creeper, p. 705 (= Cinnyris lotenza [L.}). Black and Blue Creeper, p. 724 (= Czreba cyanea [L.]). Cinnamon Creeper, p. 740 (= Synallaxis cinnamomea | Gm. ]). Genus xxix. Hummine-pirp. Vol. i., pt. ii, p. 744. With curved bills. Supercilious Humming-bird, p. 744 (= Phaethornis superci- liosus [L:}). Black-capped Humming-bird, p. 748 (= Aithurus polytmus Mango Humming-bird, var. A, p. 759 (= Lampornis mango | 1L.}). Harlequin Humming-bird, p. 760 (= Trochilus multicolor [Gm. ]). ; With straight bills. Violet-eared Humming-bird, p. 767 (=Heliothrix auritus [Gm. }). Violet-eared Humming-bird, var. A. Red-throated Humming-bird, p. 769 (= Trochilus colubris, L.). Dusky-crowned Humming-bird, p. 776 (= Clytolema rubinea [Gm.]). Grey-bellied Humming-bird, p. 778 (= Chrysolampis moschi- tus [L.)). Crested Humming-bird, p. 783 (= Bellona cristata [L.]). Crested Brown Humming-bird, p. 784 (= Trochilus puniceus, Gu.).* * Not referred to in “ Catalogue of Birds.” - Zoology. Orper III. Passerine. Vol. ii., pt. i, p. 1 (1783). Genus xxx. Srare. Vol. ii., pt. i, p. 1. Common Stare, p. 2 (= Sturnus vulgaris, L.). Crescent Stare, p. 6 (=Sturnella magna [L.}). Genus xxxi. TuHrusH. Vol. ii, pt. i., p. 13. Missel Thrush, p. 16 (= Turdus viscivorus, L.). Throstle Thrush, p. 18 (= Turdus musicus, L.). Jamaica Thrush, p. 20 (= Turdus jamaicensis, Gm.). Little Thrush, p. 20 (= Turdus fuscescens, Stephens). Golden-crowned Thrush, p. 21 (= Siwrus auricapillus [L.}). Redwing Thrush, p. 22 (= Turdus iliacus, L.). Red-breasted Thrush, p. 26 (= Zurdus migratorius, L.). Ferruginous Thrush, p. 39 (= Harporhynchus rufus [1.}). Mimic Thrush, p. 40 (= Mimus polyglottus [L.]). St. Domingo Thrush, p. 42 (= Mimus dominicus [1.}). Yellow-bellied Thrush, p. 42 (= Donacobius atricapillus [L.). Blackbird, p. 43 (= Merula merula [1.]). White-chinned Thrush, p. 45 (= Merula aurantia [Gm.)). Ring-Ouzel, p. 46 (= Merula torquata [L.}). Water-Ouzel, p. 48 (= Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst.). Shining Thrush, var. A, p. 56 (= Lamprocolius splendidus, Vieill.). Ceylon Thrush, p. 62 (= Laniarius gutturalis [Miill.]). Indian Thrush, p. 66 (= Turdus indicus, Gm.). Genus xxxii. CHarrerER. Vol. ii., pt. i. p. 91. Carolina Chatterer, p. 93 (= Ampelis cedrorum, Vieill.). Red Chatterer, p. 97 (= Phanicocercus carnifex [L.}). Genus xxxili. Cony. Vol. ii., pt. i. p. 100. Genus xxxiv. Grospeak. Vol. ii., pt. i., p. 104. ‘ith four toes. Common Crossbill, p. 106 (= Lowia curvirostra, L.). Hawfinch, p. 109 ( = Coccothraustes coccothraustes [L.]). Pine Grosbeak, p. 111 (= Pinicola enucleator [L.}). Cape Grosbeak, p. 113 (=Pyromelana capensis [{L.)). White-throated Grosbeak, p. 115 (= Pitylus grossus {L.]). Birds. 97 Purple Grosbeak, p. 117 (= Lowigilla violacea [L.}). Cardinal Grosbeak, p. 118 (= Cardinalis cardinalis [L.]). Grenadier Grosbeak, p. 120 (= Pyromelana oryz [L.]). Dominican Grosbeak, p. 123 (= Paroaria larvata [Bodd.}). Red-breasted Grosbeak, p. 126 (= Hedymeles ludovicianus L.]). sae Grosbeak, p. 127 (=Pitylus viridis [Vieill.]). Java Grosbeak, p. 129 (= Munia oryzivora [L.}). Green Grosbeak, p. 134 (= Ligurinus chloris [L.}). Malacca Grosbeak, p. 140 (= Munia malacca [1.}). Cowry Grosbeak, p. 142 (= Munia punctulata [L.}). Bullfinch, p. 143 (= Pyrrhula europxa, Vieill.). Black-breasted Grosbeak, p. 148 (=Spermophila cucullata | Bodd. }). Wax-bill Grosbeak, p. 152 (= Estrilda astrilda [1.}). Minute Grosbeak, p. 158 (=Spermophila minuta [1.}). Genus xxxv. Buntine. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 160. Snow Bunting, p. 161 (= Plectrophenax nivalis [L).). Black Bunting, p. 166 (=ZJwnco hyemalis | L.]). Yellow Bunting, p. 170 (= Emberiza citrinella, L.). Common Bunting, p. 171 (= Emberiza miliaria, L.). Red Bunting, p. 173 (= Emberiza scheniclus, L.). Shaft-tailed Bunting, p. 183 (= Tetrenura regia [L.)). Orange-shouldered Bunting, p. 184 (=Chera procne [ Bodd. }). Rice Bunting, p. 188 (= Dolichonyx oryzivorus [L.)). Towhe Bunting, p. 199 (= Pipilo erythrophthalmus [L.}). Cinereus Bunting, p. 204 (= Emberiza cinereus [Gm.}). Painted Bunting, p. 206 (= Cyanopiza ciris [L.}). Genus xxxvi. Tanacer. Vol. ii, pt. i, p. 213, Red-breasted Tanager, p. 214 (=Rhamphocelus jacapa Ll}: Red ae var. A, p. 217 (= Pyranga rubra [L.}). Mississipi Tanager, p. 218 (= Pyranga estiva [Gum.)). Variegated Tanager, p. 219 (= Pyranga zstiva [Gm.}). Bishop Tanager, p. 226 (= Tanagra episcopus | L.]). Spotted Tanager, p. 228 (= Calliste punctata [L.}). Rufous-headed Tanager, p. 231 (= Calliste cayana [L.}). Red-headed Tanager, p. 233 (= Calliste gyrola [L.]). VOL, II. Hi 98 Zoology. Variable Tanager, p. 234 (= Tanagra variabilis [Gm.}). Paradise Tanager, p. 236 (= Calliste tatao [L.}). Golden Tanager, var. A, p. 240 (=Euphonia chloro- tica [L.]). Negro Tanager, p. 240 (= Euphonia cayana [L.)). Rufous-throated Tanager, p. 241 (=Glossiptila rujficollis [Gm. ]). Genus xxxviil. Fincn. Vol. ii, pt. i, p. 246. House Sparrow, p. 248 (= Passer domesticus, L.). White Sparrow, p. 250 Black Sparrow, p. 251. Tree Sparrow, p. 252 (= Passer montanus, L.). Chaffinch, p. 257 (= Fringilla celebs, L.). Crimson-crowned Finch, p. 259—I believe this to be Coryphospingus cristatus. Brambling, p. 261 (=F ringilla montifringilla, L.). Beautiful Finch, p. 266 (= Zonogastris melba [L.}). Orange Finch, p. 276 (= Spindalis zena [L.}). Goldfinch, p. 281 (= Carduelis carduelis [L.}). American Goldfinch, p. 288 (= Chrysomitris tristis [1L.]}). Siskin, p. 289 (= Chrysomitris spinus [1.]). Canary Finch, p. 293 (=Serinus canarius [L.}). Bahama Finch, p. 300 (=Phonipara bicolor [L.)). Linnet, p. 302 (= Acanthis cannabina [L.]). Greater Redpoll, p. 304 (= Acanthis cannabina [L.}). Lesser Redpoll, p. 305 (= Acanthis rufescens { Vieill. }). Amaduvade Finch, p. 311 (=Sporeginthus amandava [L.)). Brasilian Finch, p. 318 (= Granatina granatina [1.}). Genus xxxviil. FLycatcHer. Vol. ii., pt. i., p. 321. The Pied Flycatcher, p. 324 (= Muscicapa atricapilla, L.). Paradise Flycatcher, p. 345 (= Terpsiphone paradisi [L.]). Paradise Flycatcher, var. B, p. 347. Cinereus Flycatcher, p. 350 (= Contopus virens [L.]). Red-eyed Flycatcher, p. 351 (= Vireo olivaceus [L.}). Cat Flycatcher, p. 353 (= Galeoscoptes carolinensis {L. }). Cayenne Flycatcher, p. 355 (= Myiozetetes cayennensis L.}). pee Flycatcher, p. 357 (= Myiarchus crinitus [L.)). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, p. 359 (=Myiozetetes cayen- nensis | L.]). _ Birds. 99 Genus xxxix. Lark. Vol. ii, pt. ii, p. 367 (1783), Sky-Lark, p. 368 (= Alauda arvensis, L.). Var. B, Dusky Lark, p. 370 (= Alauda arvensis, L.). Wood Lark, p. 371 (= Lullula arborea [1.}). Tit-Lark, p. 374 (= Anthus pratensis [L.]). Shore Lark, p. 385 ( = Otocoris alpestris [L.]). Crested Lark, p. 389 (= Galerita cristata | L.)). Genus xl. Waerain. Vol. i1., pt. il, p. 394. White Wagtail, p. 395 (= Motacilla alba, L.). Grey Wagtail, p. 398 (= Motacilla melanope, Pall.). Yellow Wagtail, p. 400 (= Motacilla campestris, Pall.). Genus xli. Waresier. Vol. ii, pt. ii, p. 404. Nightingale, p. 405 (= Aedon luseinia [L.]). Blackeap, p. 415 (=Sylvia atricapilla [L.}). Babbling Warbler, p. 417 (= Sylvia curruca [L.}). Hedge Warbler, p. 419 (=Accentor modularis | L.}). Black Warbler, p. 427 (=Setophaga ruticilla [L.}). Whitethroat, p. 428 (=Sylvia cinerea [L.]). Yellow-breasted Warbler, p. 438 (=Geothlypis trichas [L.]). uae p. 442 (=LHrithacus rubecula |. }). Blue Warbler, p. 446 (=Sialia sialis [L.}). Whinchat, p. 454 (=Pratincola rubetra [L.}). Wheatear, p. 465 (=Sasicola enanthe [L.})). Green Indian Warbler, p. 474 (= Aigithina tiphia [1L.}). White-poll Warbler, p. 488 (= Mniotilta varia [L.}). Cayenne Warbler, var. A, p. 503 (=Dacnis cayana [L.}). Cayenne Warbler, var. B, p. 503 (= Daenis cayana [L.]). Wren, p. 506 (= Anorthura troglodytes [L. ]). Wren, var. B, p. 507 (= Thryothorus ludovicianus [ Lath.]). Gold-crested Warbler, p. 508 (= Regulus cristatus [ L.]). Ruby-crowaed Warbler, p. 511 (= Regulus calendula [L.}). Yellow Warbler, p. 512 (=Phylloscopus trochilus [1.}). Yellow Warbler, var. A, p. 513 (=Phylloscopus tristis, Blyth). Yellow-poll Warbler, p. 515 (= Dendreca exstiva [Gm.}). Genus xliii Manakin. Vol. ii, pt. i, p. 517. Rock Manakin, p. 518 (= Rupicola crocea, Vieill.). Blue-baeked Manakin, p. 520 ( = Chiroxiphia parcola | L.}). H 2 100 Zoology. Black-capped Manakin, p. 521 (=Chiromacheris manacus [L.)). White-capped Manakin, p. 523 (= Pipra leucocilla [L.]). White-throated Manakin, p. 524 (= Pipra gutturalis [1.}). Red and Black Manakin, var. A, p. 525 (=Pipra aureola [L.). Cinereus Manakin, p. 533 (=Pachyrhamphus cinereus [ Bodd. }). Genus xliii. Tirmouse. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 535. Great Titmouse, p. 536 (=Parus major, L.). Colemouse, p. 540 (= Parus ater, L.). Marsh Titmouse, p. 541 (= Parus palustris, L.). Blue Titmouse, p. 543 (= Parus cxruleus, L.). Crested Titmouse, p. 545 (=Parus cristatus, L.). Long-tailed Titmouse, p. 550 (= Aigithalus caudatus [L.)). Bearded Titmouse, p. 552 (= Panurus biarmicus [L. )). Genus xliv. Swatiow. Vol. i., pt. ii., p. 560. Chimney Swallow, p. 561 (= Hirundo rustica, L.). White Swallow, var. A, p. 563 (=Hirundo rustica, L.). Martin, p. 564 (= Chelidonaria urbica [L.}). Sand Martin, p. 568 (= Clivicola riparia [L.}). Aoonalashka Swallow, p. 571 (=Hirundo unalashkensis Gm.). Aculeated Swallow, p. 583 (= Collocalia fuciphaga, Thunb. ). Swift, p. 584 (= Cypselus apus [L.}). Genus xlv. Goarsucker. Vol. ii, pt. ii, p. 589. European Goatsucker, p. 593 (= Caprimulgus ewropeus, L.). Virginia Goatsucker, p. 595 (= Chordeiles virginianus [{Gm. }). OrpER LTV. CoLUMBINE. Genus xlvi. Picron. Vol. ii, pt. ii. With moderate tails. Shaker Pigeon, p. 611. Carrier Pigeon, p. 613. Great Crowned Pigeon, p. 620 (= Gouwra coronata [L.]). Ring Pigeon, p. 635 (= Columba palumbus, L.). Triangular-spotted Pigeon, p. 639 (= Columba guinea, L.) Birds. 101 Common Turtle, p. 644 (= Turtur turtur [L.]). Barred Turtle, p. 650 (= Geopelia striata [L.}). Canada Turtle, p. 658 (= Ectopistes migratorius [Catesb.]}). Ground Turtle, p. 659 (= Chamepelia passerina [L.}). With long tails. Passenger Pigeon, p. 661 (= Ectopistes migratorius[Catesb. |). OrpeR V. Gawuinaceous. Vol. ii., pt. ii. Genus xlvii. Pracock. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 668. Crested Peacock, p. 668 (=Pavo cristatus, L.). Variegated Peacock, p. 671 (=Pavo cristatus, L.). Genus xlviii. Turkry. Vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 676. Domestic Turkey, p. 679 (= Meleagris gallopavo [L.}). Genus xlix. Pinrapo. Vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 685. Guinea Pintado, p. 685 (= Numida meleagris | L.}). Genus 1. Curassow. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 690. Crested Curassow, p. 690 (= Craw globicera, L.). Do. the female, p. 693 (= Craw alector 9 ). Genus li. Pueasanr. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 697. Domestic Cock, p. 700 (= Gallus gallus [L.]). Frizzled Cock, p. 704 (= Gallus gallus [1.}). Argus Pheasant, p. 710 (= Argusianus argus [L.}). Common Pheasant, p. 712 (=Phastanus colchicus, L.). Painted Pheasant, p. 717 (=Chrysolophus pictus [1L.)). Pencilled Pheasant, p. 719 (=Gennzus nycthemerus [L.]). Genus lii. Tinamov. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 724. Genus liii. Grovus. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 728. With four toes. Black Grouse, p. 733 (=Lyrurus tetria [L.)). Shoulder-Knot Grouse, p. 737 (= Bonasa umbellus [1.}). Ruffed Grouse, p. 738 (= Bonasa umbellus [L.}). Ptarmigan Grouse, p. 741 (= Lagopus lagopus [L.)). 102 Zoology. Genus liv. Parrrince. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 755. With four toes. Cape Partridge, p. 757 (=Francolinus capensis [Gm.]). Francolin Partridge, p. 759 (=Francolinus francolinus [L.)). Common Partridge, p. 762 (= Perdix perdiz [L.)). Guernsey Partridge, p. 768 (=Caccabis rufa [L.].) Green Partridge, p. 777 (= Rollulus roulroul [Scop.]). Maryland Partridge, p. 778 (= Orty« virginianus [L.)). Common Quail, p. 779 (= Coturnia coturnix [L.)). Chinese Quail, p. 783 (= Eaxcalfactoria chinensis |. )). Genus lv. TrRumpPEtTER. Vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 793. Genus lvi. Busrarp. Vol. ii, pt. ii, p. 796. Great Bustard, p. 796 (= Otis tarda [L.)). Thick-kneed Bustard, p. 806 (= Cidicnemus edicnemus [L. ]}). OrpbeR VI. SrrutHiovus. Genus lvii. Dopo. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 1 (1785). Genus lviii. Osrricu. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 6. Genus lix. Cassowary. Vol. iii, pt. i., p. 10. DIVISION II. WATER BIRDS. OrvER VII. With cloven feet. Genus lx. Spoonsity. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 13. White Spoonbill, p. 13 (= Platalia leucorodia [L.}). Genus Ixi. Screamer. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 18. Genus Ixii. Jabiru. Vol. iii, pt. i. p. 22. Genus Ixiii. Boar-sity. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 25. Genus Ixiv. Unmsre. Vol. iii, pt. i, p. 30 Birds. 103 Genus Ixv. Heron. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 32. Crowned Heron, p. 34 (= Balearica pavonina [L.]). Demoiselle Heron, p. 35 (= Anthropotdes virgo | L.)). Indian Crane, var. A, p. 39 (=Grus antigone [L. ]). White Stork, p. 47 (= Ciconia ciconia [L.}). Bittern, p. 56 (= Botaurus stellaris [L.)). Green Heron, p. 68 (= Butorides virescens [L.}). Cinnamon Heron, p. 77 (= Ardetta cinnamomea [Gm.}). Common Heron, male, p. 83 (= Ardea cinerea, L.). Little Egret, p. 90 (= Garzetta garzetta [L.}). Great White Heron, p. 91 (= Herodias alba [L.]). Little White Heron, p. 93 (? =Dichromanassa rufa [ Bodd.]}). Genus Ixvi. Isis. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 104. Scarlet Ibis, p. 106 (= Eudocimus ruber [L.)). Bald This, p. 116 (= Geronticus calvus | Bodd.]). Genus lxvii. CurLEw. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 119. Common Curlew, p. 119 (= Numenius arquatus [L.]). Esquimaux Curlew, p. 125 (= Numenius borealis [Forst.}). Genus Ixviii. Snipxe. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 128. Woodcock, p. 129 ( = Scolopaa rusticula [L.]). Common Snipe, p. 134 (= Gallinago gallinago [L.]). Jack Snipe, p. 136 (= Limnoeryptes gallinula [L.]). Red Godwit, p. 142 (= Limosa lapponica [1.}). Common Godwit, p. 144 (= Limosa lapponica [L.}). Green-Shank, p. 147 (= Glottis nebularius [Gunner.}). Redshank, p. 150 (= Totanus calidris [L.]). Genus lxix. Sanppiper. Vol, iii., pt. i., p. 158. Ruff, p. 159 (= Pavoncella pugnazx [L.}). Swiss Sandpiper, p. 167 (= Squatarola helvetica [L.}). Common Sandpiper, p. 178 (= Tringoides hypolewcus [L.]). Dunlin, p. 185 ( = Pelidna alpina [L.)). Genus Ixx. Puover. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 192. Golden Plover, p. 193 (= Charadrius pluvialis [L.)). Long-legged Plover, p. 195 (= Himantopus himantopus [L.)). 104 — Zoology. Noisy Plover, p. 199 (= Oxyechus vociferus [L.}). Ringed Plover, p. 201 (= Agialitis hiaticola |L.)). Spur-winged Plover, p. 213 (= Hoplopterus spinosus (LL. ]). Genus Ixxi. Oysrer-CarcHer. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 219. Pied Oyster-catcher, p. 219 (= Hematopus ostralegus [L.}). Genus lxxii. Pratincote. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 222. Genus lxxiii. Rai. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 226. Water Rail, p. 227 (= Rallus aquaticus [1.}). Black Rail, p. 236 (= Limnocorax niger [Gm.}). Genus lxxiv. Jacana. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 241. Chestnut Jacana, p. 241 (=Jacana jacana [L.)). Variable Jacana, p. 244 (= Asarcia variabilis [L.}). Genus lxxv. GaALLINULE. Vol. iil., pt. i, p. 249. Crake Gallinule, p. 250 ( = Crex crew {L.}). Purple Gallinule, p. 254 (=Porphyrio porphyrio [L.]). Common Gallinule, p. 258 (= Gallinula chloropus |L.}). Crested Gallinule, p. 267 (= Fulica cristata [Gm.]). Genus lxxvi. SHEATHBILL. Vol. iii., pt. 1. p. 268. Orver VII. With pinnated feet. Genus Ixxvii. PHataropr. Vol. iii, pt. i. p. 270. Genus Ixxviii. Coor. Vol. iii., pt. 1, p. 275. Common Coot, p. 275 (= Fulica cristata [Gm.]). Genus lxxix. Grepe. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 280. Crested Grebe, p. 281 (= Podicipes cristatus [L.]). Eared Grebe, p. 285 (=Podicipes nigricollis, Brehm.). Little Grebe, p. 289 (= Podicipes fluviatilis, Tunst.). Orver IX. Web-footed. With long legs. Genus lxxx. Avocet. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 293. Scooping Avocet, p. 293 (= Recurvirostra avocetta, L.). Birds. 105 Genus Ixxxi. Courter. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 298. Genus lxxxii. Fuaminco. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 299. Red Flamingo, p. 299 (= Pheenicopterus roseus, Pall.). With short legs. Genus lxxxiii. ALBAtross. Vol. iii., pt. i., p. 304. Wandering Albatross, p. 304 (= Diomedea eaulans, L.). Yellow-nosed Albatross, p. 309 (= Thalassogeron chloro- rhynchus { Gr. }). Genus Ixxxiv. Auk. Vol. iii, pt. i, p. 311. Puffin Auk, p. 314 (= Fratercula arctica [L.)). Labrador Auk, p. 318 (= Fratercula arctica [L.}). Razor-bill, p. 319 (= Alca torda, L.). Black-billed Auk, p. 320 (= Alca torda, L.). Genus Ixxxvy. GuiLtemor. Vol. iii., pt. ii, p. 329 (1785). Foolish Guillemot, p. 329 (= Uria troile [L.)). Black Guillemot, p. 332 (= Uria grylle [L.)). Genus Ixxxvi. Diver. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 337. Northern Diver, p. 337 (= Colymbus glacialis, L.). Imber Diver, p. 343 (= Colymbus glacialis, L.). Speckled Diver, p. 341 (= Colymbus septentrionalis, L.). Red-throated Diver, p. 244 (= Colymbus septentrionalis, L.). Genus Ixxxvii. Skimmer. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 347. Black Skimmer, p. 347 (= Rhynchops nigra, L.). Genus lxxxviii. Tern. Vol. iii., pt. ii, p. 349. Caspian Tern, var. A, p. 351 (=Hydroprogne caspia [ Pall.]). Caspian Tern, var. B, p. 351 (=Hydroprogne caspia [ Pall. }). African Tern, p. 354 (= Sterna cantiaca, Gm.). Common Tern, p. 361 (=Sterna fluviatilis, Naum.). Lesser Tern, p. 364 (= Sterna minuta, L.). Chinese Tern, p. 365 (=Sterna sinensis, Gin.). Black Tern, p. 366 (= Hydrochelidon nigra |L.}). Genus Ixxxix. GuLL. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 369. Wagel Gull, p. 375 (=Larus marinus, L.). 106 Zoology. Genus xc. Perret. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 395. Giant Petrel, p. 396 (= Ossifraga gigantea [Gm.]). Pintado Petrel, p. 401 (= Daption capensis [L.]). Cinereus Fulmer, p. 405 (= Priofinus cinereus [Gm.}). Shearwater Petrel, p. 375 (=Puffinus kuhli [Boie}). Snowy Petrel, p. 408 (= Pagodroma nivea [Gm.]). Stormy Petrel, p. 411 (= Procellaria pelagica, L.). Blue Petrel, p. 415 (= Halobeena cerulea [Gm.}). Pacific Petrel, p. 416. Dusky Petrel, p. 416 (= Puffinus obscurus [Gm.]). Genus xci. Merrcanser. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 418. Goosander, p. 418 (= Merganser castor [L.]). Dun-Diver, p. 420 (= Merganser castor [L.]). Red-breasted Merganser, p. 423 (= Merganser serrator L.]). ees Merganser, p. 426 (= Lophodytes cucullatus [L.)). Smew, male, p. 428 (= Mergus albellus, L.). Minute Merganser, p. 429 (= Mergus albellus, L.). Genus xcii. Duck. Vol. iii., pt. ii, p. 431. Mute Swan, p. 436 (= Cygnus olor Gm.). Bustard Goose, p. 440 (= Cloephaga magellanica [Gm. }). Chinese Goose, p. 447 (= Cygnopsis cygnoides |. }). Canada Goose, p. 450 (=Branta canadensis [L.]). Black Duck, p. 479 (= Cidemia perspicillata [L.}). Harlequin Duck, p. 484 (= Cosmonetta histrionica [L. }). Mallard, p. 489 (= Anas boscas [L.}). Tame Duck, p. 494 (= Anas boscas | L.}). Black-billed Whistling Duck, p. 499 (=Dendrocygna arborea |L.}). Shieldrake, p. 504 (= Tadorna cornuta [L.}). Shoveler, p. 509 (= Spatula clypeata [L.)). Common Wigeon, p. 518 (= Mareca penelope |L.)). Pintail Duck, p. 526 (=Dajila acuta [L.}). Buffel-headed Duck, p. 533 (= Clangula albeola [L.}). Golden-eye Duck, p. 535 (=Clangula glaucion [L.]). Tufted Duck, p. 540 (= Fuligula fuligula [L.}). Summer Duck, p. 546 (=x sponsa [L.}). Garganey, p. 550 (= Querquedula circia [L.}). Common Teal, p. 551 (=Nettion crecca {L.)). Birds. 107 Genus xciili. Prneurn. Vol. iii., pt. i, p. 559. Crested Pinguin, p. 561 (= Catarrhactes chrysocome [Forst. }). Patagonian Pinguin, p. 563 (=Aptenodytes patagonica [Forst. }). Cape Pinguin, p. 566 (=Spheniscus demersus [L.]). Genus xciv. Prnican. Vol. iii., pt. ii, p. 574. Great White Pelican, p. 575 (= Pelecanus onocrotalus, L.). Brown Pelican, p. 580 (= Pelecanus fuscus, Gm.). Rough-billed Pelican, p. 586 (= Pelecanus erythrorhynchus, Gm.). African Shag, p. 606 (=Phalacrocoraxz africanus, Gi.). Gannet, p. 608 (= Sula bassana [L.}). Genus xcv. Tropic Birp. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 615. Common Tropic Bird, p. 615 (=Phaethon zxthereus, L.). Genus xevi. Darter. Vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 622. Black-bellied Darter, var. A, p. 624 (=Plotus anhinga, L.). Surinam Darter, p. 626 (= Plotus surinamensis, Gm.). In the first “ Supplement ” to the “ General Synopsis” (1787) a few species are added, the following being in the British Museum. Plaintive Vulture, p. 4 (=Polyborus tharus, Molina). Dubious Parrot, p. 62 (=Psittacus dubius, Lath.), Cf. Salvadori, Cat. B., xx., p. 612. South-Sea Raven, p. 75 (=Corvultur albicollis, Lath.). Black Roller, p. 85 (= Cryptorhina afra, L.). African Roller, p. 86 (= Eurystomus afer, Lath.). Doubtful Barbet, p. 96 (= Lybius dubius, Gm.). African Creeper, var. C, p. 127 (= Cinnyris afra, L.). Ash-bellied Creeper, p. 130 (= Nectarinia famosa, L.). Red-winged Chatterer, p. 146 (=Campophaga phoencea, Lath.). Flammeous Flycatcher, p. 171 (= Pericrocotus flammeus, Forst.). African Pheasant, p. 210 (=Schizorhis africana, Lath.). Of additional interest to Latham’s published works, which give us an idea of the contents of the bird-cases in the British encoun in the latter half of the eighteenth century, is the naming of certain Australian birds in the “ Supplements ” to the « Synopsis ” and to the “ Index Ornithologicus. ” Up tothe present 106, Zoology. time, it has never been known where Latham obtained the material for describing so many Australian, or, as they were then called, ‘‘ New Holland,” birds. In 1902 the Museum acquired from Mr. James Lee, a grand- son of the famous horticulturist of Hammersmith, a large volume of paintings executed for the latter by one of his collectors, Thomas Watling, between 1788 and 1792. These drawings had evidently been shown to Latham, who named most of the birds, and seems to have referred to these pictures as “ Mr. Lambert’s Drawings.” They do not seem, however, to have been Lambert’s property at any time. The types of Latham’s species are, in fact, founded on these drawings of Watling’s. The collector was sent to New South Wales by Mr. Lee, and some of the illustrations in White’s “Journal of a Voyage to N.S. Wales in 1790” were drawn by Watling, who refers to White in his volume of paintings. Cf. Hist. Coll. Brit. Mus. (N. H.), i., p. 52 (Libraries). Mr. James Britten, who has examined the series of drawings, has published the following interesting note (Journ. Botany, xl., p. 302 (1902)): “The British Museum has lately acquired a very interesting volume containing drawings in colour of the animals and plants of Australia, made by Thomas Watling in 1788-1792. Watling was sent out by James Lee of Hammer- smith (from whose great-grandson, bearing the same names, the collection was purchased), with a view to obtaining material for a book on the natural history of the country. “ Apart from its contents, the volume is interesting on account of the light which it throws upon an entry on p. 253, vol. i., of Dryander’s ‘Catalogue of the Banksian Library’: this runs, ‘Volumen foliorum 70, continens figuras animalium et plantarum pictas quas in Nova Cambria prope Port Jackson delineavit Edgar Thomas Dell.’ ‘In Banks’ copy the last four words are struck out, and a comparison of the volume with the one acquired from Mr. Lee shows that it is the work of the same artist. Watling was acquainted with John White (‘Surgeon-General to the Settle- ment’), who sent plants to Smith, and published in 1790 his ‘Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales’; one or two of Watling’s drawings were executed for White. “The newly acquired volume contains several views of Sydney which are of great interest.” Mathie (Rinks Auch te. Phanare Werk Lethal mingle Author ‘ on” ee Lhe, Hes tos mm, ager Pam. + Mag, WH, XT, 1863, tp. IF 7Y, Birds. 109 Attached to the drawings of birds is a list of the species, with the following announcement, probably in the handwriting of Mr. James Lee himself: “This Catalogue was wrote by Dr. Latham, author of the ‘General Synopsis of Birds.’” The following is a list of the Drawings as determined by Latham himself, and bearing his handwriting :— 1. Bold Vulture, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 10, no. 10 (1802). Vultur audax, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. ii. (1801). Latham copies Watling’s original note about the native name being ‘‘ Boora-morang” (Watling writes it “ Boo-ro-ma-rang”), and also about the bird sometimes attacking natives, but he says not one word about Watling or James Lee in the text of his book, nor can I so far find any evidence of his giving credit to either of them as the source of his information. The bird is drawn holding a fish under its foot, and might be mistaken for a young Haliaétus leucogaster, but on comparing the sketch with specimens, it is evidently intended for a Wedge-tailed Eagle, as is also shewn by its feathered legs. Latham says that “the size of this bird is uncertain.” Watling generally gives the size of his birds, but on this picture he gives a scale, which shows that the specimen was about three feet long. 2. Pondicherry Eagle. Qu. new species. Latham, Gen. Syn., ii., p. 32. Latham refers to Watling’s two drawings of the White- breasted Brahminy Kite, and as before appropriates his notes without stating his authority. Thus: “A bird seemingly of this last kind [Pondicherry Eagle] is found in New Holland, in which the head, neck, and belly are pure white, without any streaks.” On Watling’s plate Latham has written: ‘ Probably this should be made a distinct species.” Watling’s note is as follows: ‘The stomach of the bird when taken was full of egg-shells.” 3. Ditto. This second picture of the Brahminy Kite has the following note by Watling: “The Natives call this Bird Girrenera. This hawk lives a good deal on Fish, which most of that genus do that inhabit New South Wales, where there are several varieties, the likeness of this kind is strongly imitated ” [i.e. that he has made a good portrait of the bird]. Latham had evidently seen the pictures and notes of Watling when he wrote the ‘“ Supplement” to the ‘‘ General Synopsis.” 4. Painting of an Elanus, with the following note by the artist : “ Natural size. The head of this drawing is rather too 110 Zoology. large and long, the bill should be smaller and more rounded in towards the breast. I had the bird alive three months, and fed it on small birds and fish, &e.” Nos. 5, 6. Two more paintings of an Elanus, one-half and one-third natural size. “Native name Geo-ga-rack.” Latham founds on this description his Axillary Falcon (Suppl. to Gen. Synopsis, ii., p. 42). He says that it “inhabits New Holland, but is not very common. The specimen from which the above description was taken, was caught alive, and kept for ten months, being fed with small birds, fish, &c.” This note is taken from Watling’s MSS., but is not acknowledged. This picture becomes the type of Latham’s Axillary Falcon ( = Falco azillaris, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. ix.). 7. Represents an Hlanus, which Latham, in his MS. list, places as a variety of his Axillary Falcon, which is probably the case, 8. Is also considered by Latham to be a variety of his Falco axillaris, but in reality it is a small figure of Haliaétus leucogaster (Gm.). This latter name is founded on the White-bellied Eagle, n. sp., of Latham (Gen. Syn., i, pt. i., p. 33*), where we read : “This bird was brought to England in one of the last circum- navigating ships, and is now in the Leverian Museum. Its native place is unknown.” 9. An Owl. This picture of Watling’s formed the subject of Latham’s description of his— Winking Falcon, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 53. Falco connivens, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xii. Ninox connivens (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., ii, p. 175. Latham does not acknowledge the origin of his description, merely adding : “ Inhabits New Holland, but no history annexed, further than that it has wonderful faculty of contracting and dilating the iris ; and that the native name is ‘ Goora-a-Gang.’” These notes he has copied from Watling’s MS., which, however, gives the native name as “ Goo-ree-a-gang.” He also writes: “This Bird has a wonderfull power of contracting and dilating the iris and pupil.” The picture is, therefore, the type of Ninox connivens. 10. ‘“ New Falcon.” On this picture is founded the description of Latham’s Radiated Falcon, and the figure given by him is adapted from Watling’s picture. Thus the latter becomes the type of * Cf. Sharpe, Cat. B.,i., p. 117, Birds. iy! Radiated Falcon, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 53, pl. Cxxi, Falco radiatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xii. Urospizias radiatus, Sharpe, Cat. B., i., p. 159. Erythrotriorchis radiatus, Sharpe, Handl. B.,i., p. 254. Watling has given the following MS. note :—‘“This bird measures from the top of the head to the end of the tail 22 in., and from the tip of one wing to the other 4 feet. Iris doubtful. A new Falcon.” 11. Another painting of the Radiated Falcon, to which is attached the following note by Watling :—‘‘ The skin of this bird I found nailed up to a settler’s hut. It is the only one of the kind ever seen. The drawing is a faithful copy. The settler who shot it says the iris was brown, and remarked that he never saw any bird fly with such swiftness. Its claws, which were long, small, and sharp when he took it up, it drove quite through the end of his fingers. A new Falcon. This bird measures from the bill to the extremity of the tail twenty-four inches.” It will be seen that Latham copied the notes, but did not say who had written them. 12. A picture of a young Hobby and the type of Latham’s Lunated Falcon, as follows :— Lunated Falcon, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 54. Falco lunatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xiii. ‘“‘TInhabits New Holland, and was taken in March. Native name Goo-roo-wang.” This native name is copied from Watling’s MS., but I cannot find any record of the time of year when the bird was shot. 13. Pacific Falcon, Lath., Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 54. Falco pacificus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xiii. I am unable to identify the bird here figured. It has a white head and neck. Upper surface dark brown, ‘blotched on the back with dark spots, and marked on the belly (which is paler than above and inclining to yellow) with black streaks, The tail is long, even at the end, crossed with seven or eight black bars, the quills also barred as the tail, with the ends black.” This is a good description of the painting, but I cannot find any Australian bird of prey which corresponds with it. Watling’s original note is as follows :—‘“ This bird is not common in New South Wales. The only one shot, though others have been seen of the same kind.” The only species which it could possibly resemble might be a young Falco hypoleucus, but our specimens in the Museum do not favour the idea, 112 Zoology. Nos. 14, 15. Fair Falcon, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 54. Falco clarus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xiii. These two figures seem to be undoubtedly intended for Astur cinereus,* though in the “ Catalogue” I referred Latham’s “ Fair Falcon” to A. nove hollandiz. This must be a mistake, but the ‘figures are by no means a good representation of A. cinereus, over which Latham’s name will take precedence, and the species must be called Astur clarus (Lath.). Nos. 16 and 17. Dark Falcon, Lath. MS. ; id., Gen. Hist. B.,i., p. 231 (1821). There are now no pictures in the book corresponding to these numbers, which are given in Latham’s MS. list. No. 18. Ash-headed Falcon, Lath. MS. ; id., Gen. Hist. B., i., p. 219 (1821). This is a good figure of Astur approximans, but does not seem to have received a Latin name from Latham. No. 19. Hooded Falcon, Latham MS. This is Falco melanogenys, Gould. Latham does not seem to have given a Latin name to the drawing. Watling’s MSS. note is: “ Half the natural size. It lives on small birds and fish, &c.” No. 20. Lacteous Eagle, Lath. [MS.]; Gen. Hist. B., i., p. 216 (1821). This is evidently Astur nove hollandiz (Gm.), founded on the New Holland White Eagle of Latham’s Gen. Synopsis, i., p. 40 (1781). The latter seems to have procured the description of the bird from Dr. J. R. Forster. No specimen was in the British Museum at the time. ‘ Name (roo-loo-bee ” (Watling.) No. 21. New Holland Sparrow Hawk, Latham [MS.]; Gen. Hist. B., i., p. 223 (1821). “ Same as No, 22. Small Hawk. Two-thirds the natural size.” This is a representation of an adult Accipiter cirrhocephalus (Vieill.). No. 22. New Holland Sparrow Hawk, Latham MS. “One- third natural size. Native name Gtoo-roo-ing. It is not a very common Hawk in New South Wales. A dark variety of the New Holland Sparrow Hawk, No. 21.” The bird is really Astur approximans. No. 23. Barn Owl in Latham’s MS. list, but no figure now in the book. No. 24. Owl. Boobook Owl, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 64. Strix boobook, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xv. Ninox boobook (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., ii., p. 168 (1875). * Cf. Sharpe, Cat. B., i, p. 117. Birds. i ts} Watling’s note is: “This bird is about the size of the common English owl. Native name Boo-book.” The figure is the type of the species, Latham’s name having been founded upon it. No. 25. White-faced Owl, Latham [MS8.]; id., Gen. Hist. B., i, p. 334 (1821). This is Strix delicatula, Gould. Watling’s note: “One-third natural size. Native name Loo-book.” No. 26. Hook-billed Shrike, var. A, of Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 70. ‘ Lanius curvirostris, Lath., Ind. Orn., i., p. 72. This is a Cracticus, and seems to be C. leucopterus, Goalde It has, of course, nothing to do with Lanius curvirostris of Linnezeus, which is a Vanga from Madagascar. Watling’s note is: ‘* Two-thirds natural size. Native name Karro-bee-rang.” No. 27. Clouded Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 73. Lanius torquatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xviii. This figure is the type of Lanius torquatus, Lath., which has generally been referred to Cracticus destructor. Dr. Gadow considered the description of the Clouded Shrike to be insufficient for recognition. There can, however, be no doubt that the identification is correct, and L. torquatus becomes a synonym of C. destructor, as was determined by Gray, Cabanis, and other good ornithologists. Watling’s note : ‘This drawing is about the natural size.” No. 28. Robust Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 74. Lanius robustus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xviii. This seems to me to be intended for Graucalus imelanops (Lath.), founded on the Black-faced Crow of Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p.116. One of “ Lambert’s drawings ” is described by him, and in his Supplement to the “Index Ornithologicus” he gives it the name of Corvus melanops, having apparently forgotten that he had described it previously from Watling’s Drawings as Lanius robustus. The name should therefore be Graucalus robustus, though, as the two birds are described in the same work, it may not be deemed expedient to enforce a priority of only a few pages. Watling’s note is merely “natural size.” No. 29. Erect Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 74. Lanius erectus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xviii. This looks like a black-headed Pachycephala, but it has a pale yellowish bill, a white throat, greenish back, and pale yellow under-surface. I have not been able to identify the species. VOL. II. I 114 Zoology. No. 30. Yellow-bellied Shrike, Lath.,Gen. Syn.,Suppl. ii., p. 75. Lanius flavigaster, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xix. “ Natural size. Native name Wee-bung. It is not a common bird, and it drives all smaller birds from its neighbourhood ” (Watling MS.). This looks like a yellow-bellied Pachycephala, but it has no black pectoral collar, and I cannot identify the figure with any known Australian species. No. 31. Frontal Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 75. Lanius frontatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xviii. Falcunculus frontatus, Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 173. Watling’s note: ‘One half the natural size. Not a common bird. The tongue is a little bifid.” No. 32. Frontal Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 75, pl. 122. Watling’s note: ‘“‘ Natural size. Supposed to be the male of No. 2. It is a rare bird, never seen but in the cold or winter months. It is found near water, and often feeding on the seed of reeds in marsh or wet grounds.” No. 33. White-eared Shrike, Lath. [MS.]; Gen. Hist. B., ii., p. 76 (1822). This drawing and the next are apparently meant for Falcun- culus frontatus, but they are given a large white patch on the ear-coverts instead of a double band of white above and below the latter. The double band is correct, and no such bird as the “ White-eared Shrike” has been found by me. Watling’s note: ‘‘ Two-thirds the natural size. Native name Tattanan.” No. 34. White-eared Shrike, Lath. MS. [= No. 33]. Watling’s note says only: ‘“ Natural size.” No. 35. Red-breasted or Blue-bellied Parrot, Lath., Gen. Syn., i, pp. 212 and 213. Psittacus hematodus, Lath., Ind. Orn.,i., p. 87 (nec Linn.). Trichoglossus novee hollandiz (Gm.), Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 57. Watling’s note: ‘“ Native name Goevil. This Parrot has a fine white tongue like the drawing No. 300 [= 36 of the volume], Psittacus hematodus var.; called the Blue-bellied Parrot, see Latham, Syn.” Nos. 36 and 37. Two-thirds the natural size. Red-breasted Parrot, Lath. Watling’s note: “ Native name is Goo-veel.” These three drawings are evidently intended for the same species. Birds. 115 No. 38. Nonpareil Parrot, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, 35, Psittacus eximius, Shaw, Nat. Misc., pl. 93 (1792); Lath., Ind. Orn. » Suppl., p: Xxi. Platycercus eximius (Shaw), Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. at No. 39, which, according to the list of en is another figure of the Nonpareil Parrot, is missing, as is also No. 40, which is said to be the same as No. 41. No. 41. Small Parrakeet, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i, p. 88. Psittacus pusillus, Shaw, in ‘‘ White’s Voyage to New South Wales,” p. 262, pl. 48 (1790). Glossopsittacus pusillus, Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 71. No, 42, given in the list as the Ground Parrot of Latham (Pezoporus formosus, Lath.), is missing. No. 43. Crimson-fronted Parrot, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 87. Psittacus concinnus, Shaw, Nat. Misc., iii., pl. 87 (1791). Glossopsittacus concinnus, Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 69. No. 44. Red-shouldered Parrakeet, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p90. Psittacus discolor, Shaw, in White’s Voy. N.S.W., p. 263, pl. 49 (1790). Nanodes discolor, Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 592. The bird, according to Watling’s note, is of the “natural size.” Nos. 45 and 46. These plates are missing, but are given in Latham’s MS. list as figures of the Pennantian Parrot of Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. i. p. 61 (1787). Psittacus elegans, Gm., Syst. Nat., i., p. 318 (1788). Platycercus elegans, Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 541. No. 47. Turcoisine Parrot, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 89. Psittacus pulchellus, Shaw, Nat. Misc., pl. 96 (1792). Neophema pulchella, Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 575. Although Latham says that he described this Parraquet from the drawings of Mr. Lambert, and apparently from a specimen in the collection of General Davies, he makes use of Watling’s note, which is as follows: ‘“‘The two centre tail feathers are entirely green, the two next have a little yellow on the tips or points, which increases in all the tail feathers, until the two outer ones on each side are perfectly yellow ; from the centre or two green feathers, the five others on each side regularly decrease in length. This is a rare bird in N.S. Wales, is of short flight, 12 “~ iva) p- 116 Zoology. never seen in more than pairs, and oftener seen on the ground than perched on trees. The feathers of the head and shoulder of the wing are of the most brilliant lightest azure. The strongest quill feathers are equal as to clearness of colour, but of a middling deep mazarine blue, tipped with black. The whole of the bird’s colours are delightful, but these most especially the best artist must ever despair of equalling. About a third the natural size.” No. 48. Scarlet and Green Parrot, a young female. Aprosmictus cyanopygius (Vieill.), Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 486. No. 49. Scarlet and Green Parrot. Male. In the “ General History of Birds,” vol. ii., p. 116, Latham refers to the native name “ Wellat” of Watling’s MS. note, which reads :—“ Half the natural size. Native name Wellat.” No. 50. Scarlet and Green Parrot, var. or young male. No. 51. Scarlet and Green Parrot. Latham’s MS. Watling’s note: “ Female of No. 2. Half the natural size. Native name Wellat.” No. 52. Banksian Cockatoo, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 91-first. Psittacus banksti, Lath., Ind. Orn., i., p. 107 (1790). Calyptorhynchus banksti, Salvad., Cat. B., xx., p. 109. Latham’s description of this figure is as follows: “ The first is black, except a large yellow patch under each eye, the base of all but the two middle tail-feathers buff, dotted with black ; bill and legs pale; not common.” He makes allusion to the drawings from New Holland, and had evidently Watling’s pictures in his mind. He appears to have founded his “ varieties ” of the Banksian Cockatoo on the same figures and notes of Watling, who gives the following note: “From the tip of the beak to the tip of the tail 2 feet 8 inches. Native name Karratt. All the varieties of the black Cockatoos are so called ; this is the most uncommon bird.” No. 53. Banksian Cockatoo, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 92, no. 3. Watling’s note: ‘Native name Karratt. One-fourth the natural size.” This figure is described by Latham: ‘Thirdly, without the yellow patch under the eye; but the black plumage sprinkled with yellow dots; the tail crimson, barred with black, just as in the Supplement to my ‘Synopsis.’ ” Birds. | hy No. 54, Banksian Cockatoo, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii p. 21 (91), var. B. The description given by Latham of this figure is as follows: “This is 23 inches in length ; bill as in the last (lead colour), the base of it hid in the feathers ; head, neck, and under parts of the body dull brown, margined on the crown and nape with olive ; the body above, the wings and tail glossy black ; all but the two middle feathers of the last crimson in the middle, but not banded with black.” Watling’s note: “The length of this bird from the top of his head to the tip of his tail 2 feet 5 inches; the extent of the wings from tip to tip 4 feet. Native name Karrott. The most common genus in New South Wales.” No. 56. Banksian Cockatoo, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 92, no. 4. Latham’s description of this figure is as follows: “ Fourthly, the yellow patch under the eye composed of pale streaked feathers ; side tail-feathers deep buff yellow, mottled with brown ; fore part of the neck and breast marked with pale yellow buff crescents.” Watling’s note is: ‘‘ Native name Karrott. A rare genus. Half the size nature.” No. 57. Scythrops nove hollandie, Lath., Ind. Orn., i. p. 141 (1790) ; Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 330. Watling’s note: “The native name Goe-re-e-gang. This singular bird is by no means numerous about us, even in the months that it is seen, which are only three or four times in a year. It generally makes its appearance in October, and is seldom seen unless in the mornings and evenings; they are .sometimes seen seven or eight together but oftener in pairs ; both on the wing and when perched they make a strange loud screaming noise, not unlike that made by the common cock or hen, when they perceive a hawk or any other bird of prey hovering over them. Their errand to this part of New South Wales seems to be merely for the purpose of pairing, building their nests, and bringing forth their young, which when done concludes their visit, and they migrate or depart to some other quarter about January ; where they frequent the other part of the year we know not. In the crop and gizzard of several which I shot I found the seeds of the red gum and peppermint trees, which I believe to be their principal food. The bill, which is strong, hornyy and pointed, is well adapted for breaking and ae 118 Zoology. dividing the capsules, as is the tongue, which is small and pointed, and of a hard cartilaginous substance, for picking out the seeds. In some of their stomachs I found the capsule or peri- carpium whole, which they not unfrequently swallow without waiting to pick out the seeds. JI have also found in their stomachs the wings and legs of some kinds of beetles, but in a quantity that bore no proportion to the capsule and seed already spoken of. The bill (whose upper mandible is very pointed and round or bent at the extremity lapping over the under) and legs are of a lead colour, the former rather inclining to a brown ; the toes are placed two forward and two behind, the two hind ones opening so as to admit the two before to be placed between them when the [bird] is sitting or perched on a limb or branch of a tree not too large for the toes to grasp or go round. The bird from which this drawing is taken was a female with a very distinct ovarium, but the eggs not formed. It measures from the tip of the bill to the white extremity of the tail 2 feet, and from the tip to tip of each wing exactly the same. The tail (which it sometimes displays like a fan) is not very short of the length of the body, and gives it in flight or sitting a very majestic appearance; the legs are rather short for the size of the bird (whole body is the size of a Crow), and partakes much of the Parrot kind. The natives know very little about its habits, haunts, ete., ete. However, they consider its appearance an indication of wind and blowing weather, and that its frightful scream is through fear, as it is not a bird of very active or quick flight. Nothing in nature can be more fiery or fierce than the uncommon clearness of the pupil eye. I had a wounded one two days alive, but could not get it to eat; it bit everything that approached it very severely.” Latham has transterred this note into his account of the Channel-bill in his “General History” (vol. ii, p. 300, pl. 32), but he attributes the story of the wounded bird to “‘ Mr. White.” No. 58. Black-faced Crow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 116. Corvus melanops, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. 24. Graucalus melanops, Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 30. Watling’s note is as follows: ‘‘ Natural size. This is a bird of prey ; the native name Kai-a-lora.” This figure is the type of the species. No. 59. Velvet-faced Crow, Latham [MS8.]; id., Gen. Hist. B., iii., p. 35 (1822). Apparently taken from a specimen of Hdoliisoma tenuirostre Birds. 119 (Jard.), but not a very correct representation, as the black on the head is more extended than in any of the Museum specimens. No. 60. Variable Crow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 117. Corvus versicolor, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxv. Strepera cuneicaudata (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 60. This is certainly the same bird as Cracticus cuneicaudatus of Vieillot, 1810, so that Latham’s name versicolor takes precedence. I have, by mistake, omitted Latham’s reference in the “ Catalogue of Birds,” but G. R. Gray seems to have correctly identified the species, of which Watling’s picture is the type. His note is: “This representation is about one-quarter the size of the bird the drawing was taken from, and the only one yet seen. I had the skin, therefore the iris is doubtful ; however, the general likeness is very good.” No. 61. Blue-and-white Crow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i.., pel, Corvus cyanoleucus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxv. Grallina picata (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 272 (1877). Latham does not seem to have recognised these drawings as representing his “ Pied Grakle” (Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 130), since he gave a new name. The synonymy in the “ Catalogue of Birds” is not complete, as I have omitted these references of Latham’s. Watling’s note is: “ One-half the natural size. Native name Mur-re-gan.” No. 62. Blue-and-white Crow, Lath. Watling gives the following note: “Natural size. April. Native name Karrook, a rare bird.” No. 63. Black-and-white Crow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., po Lit. Corvus melanoleucus, Lath., Ind. Orn. Suppl., p. xxv. Watling’s note is: “ Half the natural size. May.” Iam unable to identify this drawing satisfactorily. It is evidently a black Strepera, which might be S. graculina, but it does not quite agree with the specimens, as it is figured with a white rump and white throat, which features are not to be found in S. graculina. No. 64. Pacific Roller, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 371. Coracias pacifica, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxv. Eurystomus australis (Swains.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii, p. 36. Watling’s note is as follows: “ Half the size of the bird was 120 Zoology. taken from. It is a rare bird, the third only that we have seen ; the colours are much too dull. This drawing is the type of Eurystomus pacificus, which name definitely takes precedence over the name of australis of Swain- son. In the “Catalogue of Birds” I was not certain as to the identity of Coracias pacifica of Latham, owing, doubtless, to the description having been taken from a drawing. No. 65. Noisy Roller, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 121. Coracias strepera, Lath., Ind. Orn.,i., p. 173. Strepera graculina (White), Sharpe, Cat. B., ii., p. 57. This drawing represents a black-and-white Strepera with a yellow eye, and is undoubtedly taken from a specimen of S. graculina. The following note is given by Watling: ‘One half the natural size. June.” No. 66. Piping Roller, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl., p. 122. Coracias tibicen, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxvii. Gymnorhina tibicen, Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 91. This figure is the type of Gymnorhina tibicen (Lath.). Wat- ling’s note is: ‘ Natural size. Native name Jarra-won-nang. This bird has a soft note not unlike the sound of a well-tuned flute. It is a bird of prey.” Latham, as usual, has published the original note, without acknowledgment, and has twisted it into ‘*It preys often on small birds,” which is not what Watling wrote. No. 67. Southern Oriole, Latham M8. = Green Grakle, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 129. Gracula viridis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxviii. Oriolus viridis, Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 212. Watling’s note: “ Half natural size.” No. 68. White-naped Grakle, Lath. MS. Another figure of Gymnorhina tibicen. Watling’s note: “Three-fourths of its natural size. Native name Dar-rung-a. Gracula.” No. 69. Green Grakle, Lath., Suppl. ii, p. 129. See No. 67. A larger drawing of the Green Oriole (Oriolus viridis). Latham does not seem to have recognised the identity of Nos. 67 and 69. Watling’s note says simply: “Natural size. A rare bird.’ Latham writes: “ Inhabits New Holland, where it is said to be a rare bird.” No. 70. Cinereous Grakle, Lath. [MS.]; id., Gen. Hist. B., iii,, p. 169 (1822). Birds. eal This is, in my opinion, the Harmonic Thrush of Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 182 (= Turdus harmonicus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xli.).* Watling’s note is as follows: “ Natural size, from Port Jackson. A kind of Thrush by its note.” No. 71. Brown Grakle, Latham [MS8.]; id., Gen. Hist. B., iii., p. 170 (1822). = Megalurus cruralis, Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc., xv., p. 228 (1826). Cinclorhamphus cruralis, Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 498. Watling’s note: “ This drawing is about one third the natural size. New South Wales.” No. 72. Blue-headed Cuckow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 137. Cuculus cyanocephalus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxx. Eudynamis eyanocephala, Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 324. This drawing is the type of the species, and is a very good representation of the Australian Koel. Watling’s note is: ‘This is the only bird hitherto found in the country of New South Wales. Another of a similar form and magnitude but of a glossy black colour was taken at the same time, but whether of a different genus or the male and female of this species Mr. White was not able to determine. In make and character it resembles the Anomalous Hornbill ; the colour is more brown.” Latham gives the substance of the above note, but gives credit for it to Mr. Lambert. No. 73. Pheasant Cuckow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 137. Cuculus phasianys, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxx. Centropus phasianus, Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 340. Again, this drawing is the type of the species. Watling’s note: “One half the natural size. Native name Tem-minck. The New South Wales Pheasant. The only one seen as yet.” No. 74. Tippet Cuckow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 138. Cuculus palliolatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxx. Misocalius palliolatus, Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 279. This drawing is the type of Cuculus palliolatus of Latham. Watling’s note: “ One half the natural size. A rare bird.” No. 75. Fan-tailed Cuckow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p- 138, pl. exxvi. Cuculus flabelliformis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxx. Cacomantis flabelliformis, Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 266. * Cf. Sharpe, Cat. Birds, iii, p. 290. 122 Zoology. Latham’s description and figure are both taken from Watling’s drawings, but his plate represents the bird as of a deeper red colour underneath than in Watling’s picture, which may have faded a little; the latter writer says that the figure was of the “natural size.” It is the type of the species. No. 76. Glossy Cuckow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 138. Cuculus plagosus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxi. Chalcococcyx plagosus, Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 297. This is the type of Chalcococcyaz plagosus of Latham, who says that he is indebted to Mr. Lambert for some of the birds described by him; so that it may be that Latham, when he had these drawings before him, had received them from Mr. Lambert. Tt is curious that Watling’s name is not mentioned, as many of the drawings bear his signature; nor is that of his employer, Mr. James Lee. Watling’s note: ‘“‘The natural size. The yellow does not appear so bright as in the bird, and what is very singular in this bird it has two claws, before and behind the feet.” No. 77. Great Brown Kingfisher, Lath., Gen. Syn., ii, p. 609. Alcedo gigantea, Lath., Ind. Orn., i., p. 245. Dacelo gigas (Bodd.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii., p. 204. Watling’s note is: “Two thirds the natural size. Native name (oo-ge-na-gan.” No. 78. Great Brown Kingfisher, Lath., Gen. Syn., i1., p. 609. Another figure of Dacelo gigas, but with a more rufous tail (i.e. female bird) and darker under-surface, the blue on the wings indicated more plainly. Watling’s note is: “This bird lives on insects, worms, etc., principally ; though sometimes seeds are found in its crop. It is by no means numerous and very solitary; still from its note, which is that of a human loud and continued laugh, it might be considered a cheerful bird. The natives call it Googanegang, but with us it has the appellation of the Laughing Bird. None of them have ever been observed pairing, nor has any of their nests been found. The largest I have ever seen was the one from which this drawing was taken—from the bill end to the tip of the tail it measured 16} inches, and from tip to tip of the wings 18 inches. It is a bird of slow and short flight, and seems when on the wings to have some difficulty to support its fore-part, which regularly from the head and bill (which is large and strong) to the tail decreases in size. The feet are of a lead colour with black claws, and small in proportion to the size of the Birds. 123 bird. I have seen the feathers on the head form a more complete crest than the drawing exhibits ; however, in other respects it is a faithful copy. Native name Goo-ge-ne-gang, likewise this is called the Laughing Jack Ass.” No. 79. Sacred Kingfisher, variety. Azure Kingfisher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i1., p. 372. Alcedo azurea, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p, xxxii. Alcyone azurea, Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii, p. 168. This is a very good figure of Alcyone azurea, and has nothing to do with the Sacred Kingfisher, with which Latham attempts to identify it. Watling gives no note to this figure. No. 80. Collared Kingfisher, variety. Halcyon sanctus (Vig. and Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii., p. 267. A fairly good picture of H. sanctus, but not quite accurate, as the artist has exaggerated the white nape-patch so as to form a kind of collar. Watling’s note: “ Natural size.” No. 81. Orange-winged Nuthatch, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. iy py ito, ple lay. Sitta chrysoptera, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxii. Sittella chrysoptera, Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 360. Neositta chrysoptera, Sharpe, Handl. B., iv., p. 351 (1903). This figure is the type of Svtta chrysoptera, and the figure in Latham’s ‘‘Synopsis ” seems to have been copied from Watling’s drawing. Watling’s note is: “ Three fourths of its natural size. Native name Mur-ri-gang. Very rare.” No. 82. The same as No. 81. Watling’s note: “Two thirds the natural size. Under the tail a fine white [patch], barred irregularly with black. A rare bird.” No. 83. Red-breasted Tody, Lath. Gen. Syn., Suppl. i, p. 147. Todus rubecula, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxii. Myiagra rubecula, Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 373. Watling gives the following note, much of which is transcribed in Latham’s description: ‘‘ Almost the natural size. This little bird has a bifid tongue. The points on each side the cleft are a little divided or feathered. It is the second of the kind I have seen in the course of six years’ residence in N. 8. Wales. The contour in general resemblance is good.” 124 Zoology. No. 84. Variegated Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 155, pl. exxviii. Merops ornatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxv. ; Sharpe, Cat. B., xvii., p. 74. Latham described this species from a specimen in the collection of General Davies, but he mentions a figure as being among “Mr. Lambert’s collection of drawings.” The figure in Latham’s work is an impossible one, whereas Watling’s figure is by no means bad. He gives the following note: “ The same size as the bird this drawing was taken from ; the colours are more brilliant. Native name Dee-weed-gang.” No. 85 is said to be the same as 84, but the drawing appears to be missing. No. 86. Wattled Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 150. Merops carunculatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., I., p. 276. Acanthochera carunculata, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 263. This drawing is mentioned by Latham (l.c.) as being in Mr. Lambert’s collection, and he adopts Watling’s note, given herewith, almost in its entirety: “ Native name Goo-qgwar-ruck, which much resembles a word it is constantly chattering. Half the natural size. This bird much frequents the sea shores, where it is pretty numerous. It is a chattering bird, and lives on insects and sucking honey from the different Banksias. When other birds even larger than themselves and stronger approaches them it drives them away.” No. 87. Cowled Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 155. Merops monachus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxiv. Philemon corniculatus, Lath. ; Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 271. In his list of Watling’s Plates, Latham identifies this figure (87) as the Knob-fronted Bee-eater (= Merops corniculatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., i., p. 276), but in his note on the plate itself, he seems to think that the two birds are the same, and this view is no doubt correct. Watling’s note is as follows: “ About one third of the natural size. This bird is generally found perching upon the topmost boughs of the tall trees. Its food is insects and honey, which it extracts from plants and flowering shrubs, The Paroquets hold it in enmity, nor do they ever part before a severe combat.” “Tt varies from the Knob-fronted [Bee-eater] in the sex or age.” No. 88. Cowled Bee-eater (juv.). Watling’s note: “ Native name Wergan, ora Friar. January. Birds. 125 Two thirds the natural size ; it is supposed to be a young bird. Tt varies from the Knob-fronted | Bee-eater] in sex or size.” No. 89. Golden-winged Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 153. Merops chrysopterus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl. ii., p. xxxiii. Mellivorous Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 166. Acanthochera mellivora (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 264. The oldest name for A. mellivora appears to be A. chrysoptera (Lath.), both being founded on Watling’s drawings. His notes are quoted by Latham, as follows: “One half the natural size. Called from our English people Querrick, from its note. Native name Wad-de-ar-gal.” No. 90. Golden-winged Bee-eater, Lath. Watling’s- note is: “ Native name Goo-gwar-ruck. Natural size; it lives on flies, insects, and sucking honey from the Banksias, etc.” “This genus of Flycatcher are very numerous in N. 8. Wales, and seldom seen but near the seashore, especially about where the natives resort. It is a most active lively bird, constantly in action, either sucking honey, taking flies, or contending with other birds. Two or three of these kind will rout a flock of the Blue-bellied Parrots, a genus which they are often engaged with.” No. 91. Black-eared Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 153. Merops auritus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxiv. Watling’s note: “ Natural size.” This is a chestiut-coloured bird, depicted with a brush-tipped tongue. Otherwise I should have identified it as a Cinclosoma and probably intended for C. cinnamomeum. In view of the tongue, however, I consider that the species cannot be properly identified. No. 92. Black-and-yellow Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 154. Merops phrygius, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxiv. Meliphaga phrygia, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 221. This is the type of Merops phrygius of Latham, who admits that his description is taken from the “drawings of Mr. Lambert.” Watling’s note: ‘ Natural size.” No. 93. Black-and-yellow Bee-eater. The colour of the bird in this picture has apparently very much changed with time, but Latham seems to have had no 126 Zoology. doubt of its identity with No. 92, and he must have examined the drawing in its early days. Watling’s note: “ About half the natural size. The light tint round the eye is not plumage but a kind of fleshy excrescence, resembling in substance the gills of a cock or hen.” — No. 94. Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 154. Merops cyanops, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxiv. Entomyza cyanotis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 268. Latham first described this bird as the Blue-eared Grakle (Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 130), from a specimen in General Davies’ collection. He afterwards named it Gracula cyanotis (Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxix.). He does not seem to have recognised that his “ Blue-cheeked Bee-eater ” was the same bird, and therefore Merops cyanops (Lath.) = Entomyza cyanotis (Lath.). Watling’s note: “ Two thirds the natural size. Native name Der-ro-gang.” No. 95. Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 154. Watling’s note: “One half natural size.” Black-headed Grakle, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii. p. 129. Gracula melanocephala, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxviii. No. 96. Chattering Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 154, Merops garrulus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxiv. Manorhina garrula, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 260. The original description was taken from a specimen in General Davies’ collection. Latham does not seem to have recognised Watling’s drawings as belonging to the same species, and bestowed a new name, cyanops, upon the bird. Watling’s note: “ One half the natural size. This chattering bird often gives notice to the Kangaroo when the sportsmen are after them. It is pretty numerous, and always at war with others of the feathered kind. The yellow behind the eye is bare of feathers, and has just the appearance of yellow Morocco leather. The general likeness is good.” No. 97. Chattering Bee-eater. A full-sized picture of Myzantha garrula. Watling’s note: ‘Natural size. The iris is doubtful. A chattering bird and often prevents the sportsman from getting a shot at the Potrigorang.” Birds. 197 No. 98. New Holland Creeper, White, Journ. N. 8. Wales, pp. 186, 297, pls. 15, 65; Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 161. Certhia nove hollandix, Lath., Ind. Orn., i., p. 296. Meliornis nove hollandiz (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 253. This figure is not the type of the species, the birds having been figured by White. Watling’s note: “Natural size. Native name Balyonera. January.” No. 99. Black-eyed Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 165. Certhia melanops, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvi. Glyciphila fulvifrons (Lewin), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 210. This is the type of Certhia melanops of Latham, founded on the “ Black-eyed Creeper,” of which Dr. Gadow doubted the identity. There need be no further question, however, on this point, and the species must be called Glyciphila melanops (Lath. ). Waitling’s note: “Natural size. A honey bird. A Fly- catcher.” No. 100. Black-eyed Creeper, variety. Watling’s note: ‘‘ Natural size. This bird has a whistling note and lives on honey, etc.” No. 101. Black-eyed Creeper. Watling’s note : “‘ The same size as the bird the drawing was taken from.” No. 102. Slender-billed Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 165, pl. cxxix. Certhia tenuirostris, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvi. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 144. This drawing is the type of A. tenuirostris (Lath.). Watling’s note: ‘* Natural size.” No. 103. Slender-billed Creeper, female. Watling’s note: “ Natural size. This bird lives on flies and honey ; when flying it makes a singular noise as if the tips of the wings were beat together under the bird’s belly. It hovers over flowers and extracts honey with its brush tongue.” No. 104. Mellivorous Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i, p. 166.* Certhia mellivora, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvii. Acanthochera mellivora, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 264. * Of. fig. 89. 1282 Zoology. Watling’s note: “One-half the natural size. Native name Goo-qwar-ruck.” No. 105. Black-headed Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., pour: Certhia atricapilla, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvii. This figure is intended for the bird usually called Melithreptus lanulatus (Shaw) ; cf. Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 204. Shaw’s name is adopted by Dr. Gadow, but I cannot reconcile the des- cription given by Shaw (Gen. Zool., viil., p. 224, 1811)—with the “back, wings, and tail cinnamon-brown ”—with any species of Melithreptus. The name ought to have been dropped on this account, but it matters no longer, as Latham’s name of atri- capilla antedates Shaw’s name by ten years. No. 106. Identified by Latham as his ‘‘ Black-headed Creeper,” but it is a very poor representation, the back being brown, and no sign of the white on the nape. No. 107. Cochineal Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., Ps LOts Certhia dibapha, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvii. Myzomela sanguinolenta (Lath.); Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. XXXvii. : Watling’s note: “The natural size.” (See No. 108.) No, 108. Cochineal Creeper. This is the type of Latham’s “ Cochineal Creeper,” as is further proved by his adoption, without acknowledgment, of Watling’s note: ‘‘ A rare bird, only seen in the spring.” C. dibapha is a synonym of M. sanguinolenta (Lath.), but Latham does not seem to have recognised the fact from the drawings. No. 109. Sanguineous Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., Pp: 167; pl-vexxx. Certhia sanguinolenta, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvil. Myzomela sanguinolenta, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 131. This is the type of Lathain’s ‘‘ Sanguineous Creeper,” and I believe the plate in the second “Supplement” to the ‘‘ General Synopsis” to have been taken from Watling’s figure. No. 110. Czrulean Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 169. Certhia czrulescens, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxviii. Zosterops cerulescens, Sharpe, Cat. B., ix., p. 152. This is evidently intended for a Zosterops, but the colours are not very exact. The white eyelid is shown in Watling’s drawing, which is of the “ natural'size.” Latham does not mention Birds. 129 the white eyelid in his description, which, however, is manifestly founded on Watling’s picture, which thus becomes the type of Z. cerulescens (Lath.). No. 111. Agile Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 168. Certhia agilis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxviii. Latham’s name is not founded on this drawing, which I am unable to identify. Dr. Gadow apparently did not know of the name. ‘The bird is depicted as grey above, white below, with a brush-tongue. Watling says that the bird is of the “ natural size.” No. 112. Yellow-winged Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 168. Certhia pyrrhoptera, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxviii. Meliornis australasiana (Shaw); Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 252. “ Watling’s note : “ Natural size. The only one of the kind ever shot. It is a rare bird.” There is no doubt that this drawing is the type of Latham’s “ Yellow-winged Creeper,” and therefore his name of pyrrhoptera, which Dr. Gadow doubted as belonging to M. australasiana of Shaw, takes precedence over the latter name, which is founded on ‘‘T’Heoro-Taire noir et blanc” of Vieillot. The species must, therefore, bear the name of Meliornis pyrrhoptera (Lath.), unless this be considered inappropriate for a yellow-winged bird. No. 113. Yellow-winged Creeper. Latham identifies this as the same as No. 112, but it looks quite different, and has red on the quills, so that it is evident that this suggested the name of pyrrhoptera. No black on the neck or wing-coverts is shown, and I cannot identify the species, which is evidently intended for a Honey-sucker, as the brush- tongue is carefully indicated. Watling’s note is: “ Natural size. A Flycatcher.” No. 114. Hoary Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 168. Certhia canescens, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvii. This is another brush-tongued bird of a grey colour, with a light pinkish breast. I know of no Meliphagine bird to which the name could be applied. Watling says that his drawing is of the “natural size.” No. 115. Yellow-eared Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p: 169: Certhia chrysotis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxviii. This figure represents Ptilotis lewini of Gadow’s ‘‘ Catalogue, VOL. Il. K 130 Zoology. ix., p. 229, and the latter species should, therefore, stand as P. chrysotis (Lath.). Watling’s note: “One half the natural size. This bird, which is not very common in New South Wales, has one single sweet whistling note. It is very shy and seldom seen, and, as most small birds in this country, it has a feathered tongue for the purpose of catching flies, etc., and sucking honey from the flowers and plants on which most of them live.” No. 116. Missing. No. 117. Yellow-eared Creeper. Latham has confused this figure with the foregoing. It seems to have been drawn from a specimen of Piilotis fusca of Gould. This figure may have been taken from a bird in worn plumage. No. 118. Yellow-eared Creeper. Here again Latham has confounded a very different species, and there can be no doubt, I think, that the bird figured is not Ptilotis chrysotis (M. 115), but is Sylvia chrysops, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. liv. (Black-cheeked Warbler—not Honey-eater, as Gadow quotes it—of Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 248). Watling’s note is: “ Natural size. This bird has a pleasant whistling note.” No. 119. Yellow-eared Creeper. This is also identified by Latham with the foregoing pictures, but it is evidently meant for a small figure of P. lewini (=P. chrysotis {Lath.]). Watling’s note is: “Half the natural size. It is a very lively bird, sucks honey out of the gum-tree flowers, and catches flies, insects, etc.” No. 120. Red-rumped Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i1., p- 169. Certhia erythropygia, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxviii. Myzomela sanguinolenta (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p.131.* This figure represents a young bird, as the scarlet plumage is very slightly indicated, and is evidently the same as the Sanguineous Creeper. Watling gives the figure as of the “ natural size,” and says that it is a “rare bird.” No. 121. Black-eyed Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 181. Turdus melanops, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xl. Ptilotis auricomis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 242. * Cf. figs. 107-109. Birds. 131 Watling’s note: “ Natural size. The native name of this very common bird in New South Wales is Dar-wang. It is a very lively bird, and by us called the Yellow-eared Flycatcher. The tongue is feathered at the tip for sucking honey, which it is very fond of. It builds its nest on the pensile branch of some trees or low shrubs, as I suppose, to avoid the opossum, flying squirrel, lizards, guana, and birds and mice. The yellow at ears are tufts of feathers longer than those on the other part of the head.” No. 122. Black-eyed Thrush. This figure is the type of the “ Yellow-tufted Flycatcher ” of Latham (Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 215, = Muscicapa auricomis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlix.). The species, therefore, must bear the name of Péilotis melanops (vide supra, No. 121). Watling’s note: “Half the natural size. Native name Dar-wang.” No. 123. Doubtful Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 182. Turdus dubius, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xl. Sisura inquieta (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 407. This is the type of the “ Doubtful Thrush,” which has been correctly referred to S. inquieta by many writers. Watling’s note: “The same size as the bird the drawing was taken from.” No. 124. Lunulated Thrush, Lath.,Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 184. Turdus lunulatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl.. p. xii. Geocichla lunulata, Seebohm, Cat. B., v., p. 155. The figure is taken from a bird which has apparently lost most of its tail-feathers, so that it is impossible to state whether the characters for the species are as stated by Mr. Seebohm (t.c., p- 149). It is a good figure of an Oreocichla, and is the type of O. lunulata (Lath.). According to Watling’s note, it is of the “ natural size.” No. 125. Yellow-bellied Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 187. Turdus melinus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xliv. Sericulus melinus, Sharpe, Cat. B., vi., p. 395. ““ Watling’s note: “Natural size. Sexual differences. May.” The only bird for which this figure could be intended seems to me to be Sphecotheres flaviventris, Gould, but this species has not a red bill, and does not occur in New South Wales. At any rate, the figure is not exact enough for me to recommend the supersession of Gould’s name. Watling’s figure is, of course, the type of Turdus melinus of K 2 132 Zoology. Latham, a name universally applied to the Regent Bird (Sericulus). This it certainly is not, and the name must be dropped, and the latter species called Sericulus chrysocephalus (Lewin). No. 126. Pale-cheeked Honey-eater, Lath. [MS.]; id., Gen. Hist. B., iv., p. 167 (1822). Manorhina melanophrys (Lath.) ; Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 259. This is undoubtedly the same as No. 149 (vide infra), the latter figure being the type of M. melanophrys (Lath.). Watling’s note: “ Natural size. November.” No. 127. Coach-Whip Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 222. Muscicapa crepitans, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. li. Psophodes crepitans, Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 350. This is the type of Latham’s “ Coach-Whip Flycatcher.” He annexes Watling’s paragraph on the note of the bird, but says that the native name is “‘ Djow.” Watling’s note is as follows : ‘One-half the natural size. Native name Wan-nang. ‘This bird, from a single note resembling the crack of a coachman’s whip, is called the Coach-Whip Flycatcher.” No. 128. White-crowned Honey-eater, Lath. MS. ; id., Gen. Hist. B., iv., p. 169 (1822). Meliornis australasiana (Shaw), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 252. Watling’s note: “‘ Very numerous and common in New South Wales. Native name Balganera. Half the size of nature.” No. 129. White-naped Honey-eater, Lath. [M8.]; id., Gen. Hist. B., iv., p. 168 (1822). Melithreptus lunulatus (Shaw), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 204. Watling’s drawing is of the ‘“ natural size.” No. 130. White-naped Honey-eater, Lath. MS. (See No. 129.) Watling’s note: ‘“ Natural size. A male bird. December.” No. 131. White-naped Honey-eater, Lath. MS. (See No. 129.) Watling’s note: “Natural size. It is a lively little bird; frequently contends with small Parrots for flowers. March.” No. 132. White-crowned Honey-eater, Lath. [MS.]; Gen. Hist. B., iv., p. 169 (1822). (See No. 128.) Blue-eared Grakle, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 130 (founded on a description given by General Davies). Gracula cyanotis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxix. Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 154. Merops cyanops, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxiv. Blue-cheeked Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 184. Birds. 133 Turdus cyanous [cyaneus], Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlii. Entomyza cyanotis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 268. A poor figure, but it can only be referred to E. cyanotis, which Latham has described under several names. Watling’s note: “Half the natural size. The yellow or willow-green about the eye is entirely bare of feathers, resem- bling much yellow morocco leather. The white on the vertex forms a crescent, with its concave side towards the bill; the dark feathers from which to the bill are very short and thin, and of a deep lead colour. The belly and feathers of the tail about the vent are white, except just under the lower mandible, where they are of a deep lead colour for about 13 inches running down the breast. It has only one shrill whistling note, which it is constantly repeating. It hops like the Magpie, has a feathered tongue, catches flies and insects of every kind, on which it principally lives, and I am rather inclined to think sometimes kills and eats small birds, from its attacking a Warbler I one day put into the cage where I kept it for some time after being wounded. This bird is very rare, and the only one seen.” No. 133. Mustachoe Flycatcher, Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 221. Muscicapa mystacea, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. i. Ptilotis auricomis, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 242 (vide supra, no. 121). Watling gives the following note: “Two thirds the natural size. This bird is often seen contending with small Parroquets.” No. 134. Black-cheeked Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 248. Sylvia chrysops, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. liv. Piilotis chrysops, Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 236. This is the type of Sylvia chrysops of Latham. Watling’s note: “ Half the natural size. It has a brush tongue, and is a lively little bird; it lives a good deal on honey.” No. 135. The Flycatcher. Watling’s note: “One third of the natural size. It has a feathered tongue.” This is a brown bird, whitish underneath, but I am unable to identify the species. No. 136. Waitling’s note: “Half the natural size of the bird this drawing was taken from.” This has received no name from Latham, as in, the case of the preceding. I cannot identify the 1e4 Zoology. species, the figure not having the bill of a Honey-eater, though it is represented with a brush-tongue. No. 137. Watling’s note: ‘‘ Honey-eater. Natural size.” No. 138. Watling’s note: “ Honey-eater. Natural size.” The two figures, 137, 138, represent some small species of Passerine bird, but I have not been able to identify them. 139. Dirigang Creeper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 166. — Certhia leucopheea, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxxvi. Climacteris scandens (Temm.), Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 337. This figure is the type of Latham’s “ Dirigang Creeper,” and Dr. Gadow has wrongly identified the species. The bird which he calls Climacteris scandens of Temminck is the true C. leucophzea (Latham), and C. leucophea, Gadow (Cat., p. 336), nec Latham, should stand as C. picumnus, Temm. (Cf. Hellmayr, Tierr., 18. Lief., Paride, etc., p. 224 (1903).] Mr. Hellmayr rightly points out that Strickland and others were wrong in assigning Latham’s name of leucophea to C. picumnus, but he did not succeed in identifying Latham’s description, and places his Certhia leucopheea among the doubtful species of Meliphaga. Watling’s note: “ Half the natural size. Native name Deri- gong. A small Woodpecker of New South Wales.” No..40 (no. 1). Black-breasted Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 222. Muscicapa pectoralis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. li. Pachycephala gutturalis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., viii., po 1y2: Latham writes: ‘“ This species is found at New South Wales, in April.” The figure is the type of M. pectoralis of Latham, which, in strict priority, takes precedence of his Turdus gutturalis, 'and the species should be known as Pachycephala pectoralis (Lath.). Watling’s note: “ Natural size. April.” No. 140 (no. 2). Guttural Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 182. Turdus gutturalis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xli. Pachycephala gutturalis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 192. Latham says: “Inhabits New Holland; not unfrequently seen at Port Jackson in the winter months.” Watling’s note is: Birds. 135 “Natural size. The yellow is much brighter than the bird supposed to be a female of no. 1, and a very rare bird, never seen before in the cold or winter months.” No. 141. Prasine Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 183. Turdus prasinus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xli. Pachycephala gutturalis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 192. This figure is probably intended to represent a young male of P. gutturalis. The dark spot under the eye, mentioned by Latham, is the first indication of the approach to the adult plumage of the male. Watling’s note: “ Natural size. December.” No. 142. Appears to be the same bird in slightly different plumage and placed in another position. Watling’s note: “The natural size of the bird this drawing was taken from. December.” No. 143. Volatile Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 183. Turdus volitans, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xli. Sisura inquieta (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 407. This figure represents the same bird to which Latham has applied the names of “ Restless Thrush,” “ Doubtful Thrush,” and “ Flycatching Thrush.” No. 144. Brown-crowned Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 184. Turdus tenebrosus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlii. Artamus sordidus (Lath.); Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 19. This figure represents the young of the Sordid Thrush, Turdus sordidus, Lath. As the name appears on an earlier page than 7’. sordidus, it must take precedence, and the species must be called Artamus tenebrosus (Lath.). Watling says that the figure is the natural size. No. 145. Blue-cheeked Thrush, Lath. Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 184. Turdus cyanous [cyaneus|, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xli. Entomyza cyanotis (Lath.) ; Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 268. Watling’s note: “ Two thirds the natural size. The blue part round the eyes is bare of feathers and resembles a soft silky leather.” No. 146. Blue-cheeked Thrush. A larger figure of the same bird. 136 Zoology. Watling’s note: “The natural size. This rare and curious bird has a singular whistling note. It is often seen pursuing smaller birds. The general likeness is good and is a strong copy.” No. 147. Sooty Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 185. Turdus fuliginosus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xhi. This name is not quoted by Mr. Seebohm, but there can be no doubt but that it is the Norfolk Island Thrush (= the Ash- headed Thrush of Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 373). In this volume of Watling’s drawings there are pictures of mammals ~ and birds from Norfolk Island, showing that he had been there. / The name of Merula poliocephala (Gould) must give way to that - of M. fuliginosa (Lath.). No. 148. Blue-headed Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 185. Turdus cyanocephalus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xliii. It is difficult to say what this figure is intended to represent. I know of no bird from New South Wales anything like it. Watling’s note: “ Natural size. It isan uncommon bird. We know nothing of its habits, ete.” . No. 149. Black-browed Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 185. Turdus melanophrys, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlii. Manorhina melanophrys, Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 259. This drawing is the type of Latham’s description of the Black- browed Thrush, Manorhina melanophrys (Lath.). Watling’s note: “The tongue is short and very brushy. Native name Dill-ring.” No. 150. Flycatching Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 185. C/ ( Turdus musticola, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xliii. Yizura inquieta (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 407. This species has been described by Latham four times under different names. Watling’s note: “One half the natural size. Native name Barra Well-Well.” No. 151. Maxillary Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 186. Turdus maxillaris, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xliii. Sphecotheres mawillaris (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 224. Watling’s note: “The natural size of the bird the drawing was taken from. December.” Birds. lar No. 152. Sordid Thrush, Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 186. Turdus sordidus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xliii. Artamus sordidus, Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 19. This figure is the type of Latham’s ae iption of the Sordid Thrush, Artamus sordidus (Lath.).~ Leu» ef. p. 12 8 Watling’s note: ‘“ Natural size. Native name ‘Goo-le-bee.” No. 153. Frivolous Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 186. Turdus frivolus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xliii. Pomatorhinus temporalis (Vig. and Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B., vil., p. 418. This figure is the type of Latham’s description of the Frivolous Thrush. The species should in future bear the name of Pomatorhinus frivolus (Lath.). Watling says that his figure is of the natural size. The white tips to tail feathers are not given in the figure, as they were in P. temporalis, but there is no doubt as to the species. No. 154. Short-winged Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, pele. Turdus brachypterus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xliii. Sphenura brachyptera, Sharpe, Cat B., vii., p. 104. This drawing is the type on which Latham founded his description of the Short-winged Thrush, Sphenura brachyptera (Lath.). Watling’s note: “Natural size. This is a ground bird with very small wings and very short flight.” No. 155. Variable Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 250. Prpra versicolora, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lvi. * Chalcococcyx plagosus ay Shelley, Cat. B., xix., p. 297. Watling gives the following note: “Almost the natural size. ‘This bird is of very short flight ; its food moths, flies, and other insects. The largest interior feathers of the tail are of a dark stone colour barred with white.” No. 156. Bearded Thrush, Lath. [MS.]; id., Gen. Hist. B., v., p. 129 (1822). 1 Ptilotis cassidia (Jard.), Gadow, Cat. B., ix., p. 245. Watling’s note: “Natural size. December.” No. 157. Grey-headed Thrush, Lath. [MS8.]; id., Gen. Hist. B., v., p. 118 (1822). = Harmonic Thrush, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i., p. 182. 138 Zoology. Turdus harmonicus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xli. Collyriocincla harmonica (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iii., p. 290. Watling’s note: “This is a solitary bird. It has a melodious note not unlike a Thrush, but it does not warble.” No. 158. Thrush. Watling’s note: ‘ Natural size.” No. 159. Thrush. Watling’s note: “ One third of the natural size.’ No. 160. Thrush. Watling’s note: ‘ Natural size. Native name Gtoo-lang-a-qa.” No. 161. Thrush. Watling’s note: ‘ Natural size. A ground bird and of very short flight.” No. 162. Thrush. Watling’s note: ‘“ Natural size.” No. 164. Black-lined Grosbeak, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii. Loxia bella, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlvi. Zoneginthus bellus, Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 293. This figure is the type of Latham’s description of the Black- lined Grosbeak, Zonzeginthus bellus (Lath.). Waitling’s. note: “ Native name Wee-bong. Natural size, the only one yet seen. May.” No. 163. Nitid Grosbeak, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 198, pli exxxi: Loxia nitida, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlvii. Zonzeginthus bellus (Lath.). This figure is the type on which Latham based his description of the Nitid Grosbeak. It = Zonzeginthus bellus (Lath.). Watling’s note: ‘ Natural size. June.” No. 165. White-headed Finch, Female, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 210. Fringilla leucocephala, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlviii. Staganophura guttata (Shaw), Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii, p. 292. Watling says: “ Two thirds of the natural size.” No. 166. Temporal Finch, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 211. Fringilla temporalis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xlviii. Aigintha temporalis (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xiii., p. 372. This figure is the type of Latham’s description of the Temporal Finch, Afgintha temporalis (Lath.). Watling says the “ Native name is (‘oo-lung-ag-ga. It is a very common bird in New South Wales, easily domesticated, and Birds. 139 of a lively disposition even when in a cage, and in a day or two it is easily reconciled.” Latham says: ‘Several drawings of birds probably allied to this have come under our observation. In one of them the bill is crimson, a broad streak of the same over the eye, and the rump and vent crimson also ; the crown rather full of feathers ; the whole of the upper parts of the plumage and tail, beneath greenish white, with a slight reddish tinge on the breast ; tail short. In another the bill was pale red, the streak over the eye and rump crimson ; tail short as in the other; the plumage above greenish brown, beneath cinereous white. “For these I am indebted to the drawings of General Davies, and in those of Mr. Lambert I have remarked a third, in which the upper parts were green, the under greenish white ; bill, streak over the eye, and rump crimson ; but differed from the others in having the tail much longer.” All these said to inhabit New South Wales. No. 167. Temporal Finch. Watling writes: “One third larger than the natural size.” No. 168. Temporal Finch. Watling says that the drawing is “ natural size,” and gives the native name as Deroo-gnan. No. 169. Red-bellied Flycatcher. Petreca leggei, Sharpe, Cat. B., Brit. Mus., iv., p. 165. Nos. 170 and 171. ? Petreeca multicolor. No. 172. ? Petraca rosea. Nos. 169g, 1739, 1749. Petreca legge. No. 175. Southern Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i, pr ald: Muscicapa australis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. 1. No. 176. Rufous-fronted Flycatcher, Lath. Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 220. Muscicapa rufifrons, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. 1. Rhipidura rufifrons (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 319. This and the following figure are the types of Latham’s description of the Rufous-fronted Flycatcher. Watling gives the following note: “ One-half the natural size. This bird is of very short flight and found among brush, rotten wood, and long grass.” Latham says: ‘‘ Inhabits New South Wales, where it is known by the name of Burril: has hitherto only been met with in November.” 140 Zoology. No. 177. Rufous-fronted Flycatcher. Watling gives the following note: ‘Natural size. Native name Burril. November.” No. 179. Crimson-bellied Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 221. Muscicapa coccinigastra, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. 1. Watling says: “ Natural size. The only one of this kind yet seen.” Latham writes: ‘“ Inhabits New South Wales: specimens of this species are scarce.” No. 180. Black-cheeked Flycatcher, Lath.,Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 221. Muscicapa barbata, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. li. Sericornis citreogularis (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 302. This figure is the type on which Latham based his description of the Black-cheeked Flycatcher (Muscicapa barbata). The species will, therefore, in future have to take the name of Sericornis barbata (Lath.). Watling gives the figure as of natural size and the month of July. No. 182. Grey Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 223. Muscicapa flavigastra, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. li. Eopsaltria australis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 176. Watling gives the figure as: ‘‘ Natural size.” No. 183. Rose-breasted Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i, p. 223. Muscicapa rhodogastra, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. li. Petreca multicolor (Gm.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 168. | This figure is evidently a drawing of the female of P. multi- color, the male being represented on plate No. 170. Watling says: “ This bird is from Norfolk Island,” and gives the figure as of ‘ Natural size.” No. 184. Soft-tailed Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 224, ex Shaw. Muscicapa malachura, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. ii. Stipiturus malacrurus (Shaw), Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 100. Watling gives the figure as: ‘‘ Natural size, and the native name Mur-re-a-nera.” No. 185. Soft-tailed Flycatcher, Lath. (Female). Watling says: “ This the natural size. The bird is of a very short flight, seldom exceeding an hundred yards at most. It is so feeble and delicate as to be run down with the utmost ease. Birds. 141 Native name Mereangeree. From a resemblance of the feathers of the tail (when in flight seems too heavy for the body) to those of the Casuary in New South Wales, and denominated the Emu, or Casuary Titmouse.” No. 186. Soft-tailed Flycatcher, Lath. (Male). No. 187. Orange-rumped Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 225. Muscicapa melanocephala, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lii. Malurus melanocephalus (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 296. This figure, which is the type of Latham’s description of the Orange-rumped Flycatcher, is a young male of Malurus melano- cephalus (Lath.). Watling says the figure is the “ natural size.” No. 188. Orange-backed Flycatcher, Lath. MS. = Orange-rumped Flycatcher, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 225. This figure represents the adult male of Malurus melano- cephalus, fig. 187. Watling says: “Qu. if not the other sex of the Orange- rumped. See drawing 187. Natural size. Native name (1).” No. 189. Scarlet-breasted Flycatcher, Lath. MS. Petraca pheenicea (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 166. Watling’s note: “Half the natural size. Native name Karreet. This‘domestic little bird frequents fields and gardens, as does the Robin in England, and it is called the Robin of New South Wales and Norfolk Island, where it is still more numerous than in New South Wales. This is a male; the female’s breast is of a much paler colour, and the back, head and tail, instead of being nearly black, is a brown.” No. 190. Pied Flycatcher, Lath. MS. ; id., Gen. Hist. B., vi., p. 207 (1823). = Petreca bicolor (Vig. and Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., powia: This drawing must have been intended for P. bicolor, though it is not a correct figure. Watling’s note: “ Half the natural size.” No. 191. Barred-tailed Flycatcher, Lath. MS. ; id., Gen. Hist. B., vi., p. 221 (1823). Watling says: ‘‘ The wings are too small for the body. It is found in the grass and a bird of short flight. Natural size.” No. 192. New Holland Lark, Lath. MS.; 7zd., Gen. Hist. B., vi., p. 307 (1823). 1Anthus australis(Vig.and Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B.,x.,p.615. 142 Zoology. Watling says the figure is two thirds the natural size and gives the name of New South Wales Lark. No. 193. New Holland Lark, Male, Lath. MS. (See No. 192.) Anthus australis (Vig. and Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B., x., p. 615. Watling gives the following note: “ Natural size. It is the Lark of New South Wales. Only seen in the winter.” No. 194. New Holland Wagtail, Lath. MS. Rhipidura albiseapa (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 310. Watling gives the following note: ‘“ Natural size. It has the air and actions of a Wagtail.” No. 196. Streaked Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 247. Sylvia sagittata, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. liv. Chthonicola sagittata (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., vii., p. 290. This figure is the type of Latham’s description of the Streaked Warbler. Watling gives the following note: “ Natural size. This bird sings remarkably well.” No. 197. Streaked Warbler, Lath. Watling’s note is as follows: ‘Female. Natural size. March.” No. 198. Streaked Warbler, Female, Lath. Watling says that his figure is one half the natural size. No. 200. Chaste Warbler, Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 249. Sylvia casta, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lv. Watling says the figure is the natural size. No. 201. White-tailed Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 249. . Sylvia leucophea, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lv. Micreca fascinans (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., iv., p. 123. Watling says: “One half the natural size. This little bird follows the gardeners and workmen, picking up worms, ete. It is very familiar.” No. 202. Ruddy Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 249 Sylvia rubricata, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lv. Cacomantis flabelliformis (Lath.), Shelley, Cat. B., xix. p. 266. No. 203. Ruddy Warbler, Female, Lath. Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 249. Sylvia rubricata, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lv. Birds. 143 Eopsaltria australis (Lath.), Gadow, Cat. B., viii., p. 176. Watling gives the following note : “‘ Native name Thadagnan. The almost natural size. This is a very common domestic bird not unlike the Robins in Europe.” No. 204. Swallow Warbler, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii p. 250. Sylvia hirundinacea, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lv. Diczum hirundinaceum (Shaw and Nodder), Sharpe, Cat. Bex, pelo. No. 205. Swallow Warbler, Lath. Watling gives the following note: “ The natural size. This is a scarce bird and well resembled, and the only one we have yet seen ; the blue feathers on this bird are of a beautiful changeable blue.” No. 206. Crimson-breasted Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 250. Sylvia rubricollis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lv. Watling gives the following note: “‘ Native name Bood-dang. Natural size.” No. 207. Crimson-breasted Warbler, Lath. Watling says: ‘‘ Natural size.” No. 208. Bonnet Warbler, Lath. MS. ; id., Gen. Hist. B., vii. p. 135 (1823). Watling says the figure is of the ‘natural size,” and that it is “a rare bird.” No. 209. Ciliary Warbler, Lath. MS. ; id., Gen. Hist. B., vii., p. 111 (1823). Zosterops cerulescens (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., ix., p. 152. Watling gives the following note: “One half the natural size. This little bird is the only one of the kind ever seen; the white round the ciliary process of the eye is composed of the most beautiful small white feathers. The pride and vanity of the draughtsman has induced him to put his name to all the drawings, but should you publish them I think the name may be left out.” No. 210. Ciliary Warbler, Lath. MS. (See No. 209.) Wailing’s note: “Three fourths of the natural size. The iris is doubtful.” No. 211. Speckled Manakin, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 253. Pipra punctata, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl. p. lvi. Pardalotus punctatus (Shaw and Nodder), Sharpe, Cat. B., x.; paos. "? 144 Zoology. No. 212. New Holland Manakin, M. and L., Suppl. ii., p. 253. Pardalotus punctatus (Shaw and Nodder), Sharpe, Cat. B., 5p; Watling’s note: “‘ Half the natural size. Allied or female to Speckled Manakin.” No. 213. Variety of the New Holland Manakin, Lath. MS. No. 214. Cerulean Manakin, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 254. Natural size. No. 215. Black-eared Manakin, Lath. MS8.; id., Gen. Hist. B., vii., p. 242 (1823). Natural size. No. 216. Needle-tailed Swallow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., Pa2co0: Hirundo caudacuta, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lvii. Cheetura caudacuta (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 472 This figure is the type of Latham’s description of the Needle tailed Swallow. : Watling gives the following note: ‘This bird, about half the natural size, seems to possess, in a great measure, the qualities of a Swallow. Its motions are amazing quick, eager of its prey, which it seizes with the rapidity of lightning. Its favourite food is a large locust, which at this season is plentiful. It is strongly pounced (as a bird of prey), and has a broad flat bill—- the tail quills armed with spikes as sharp as a needle.” No, 217. New Holland Swallow, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii. p. 259. Hirundo pacifica, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lviii. Micropus pacificus (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 448. This figure is the type of Latham’s description of the New Holland Swallow. Watling says: ‘“‘ This the supposed female of No, 1.” No. 218. New Holland Goatsucker, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i., p. 261. Aigotheles nove hollandiz (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 651. No. 219. Banded Goatsucker, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 262. Caprimulgus vittatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lviii., pl. 136. Aigotheles novee hollandize (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 651. Birds. 145 Watling says : ‘ Two thirds the natural size. Musquito Hawk. July.” No. 220. Strigoid Goatsucker, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i, p. 262. Caprimulgus strigoides, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl. i1., p. lvii. Podargus strigoides (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 631. This drawing is the type of Latham’s description of the Strigoid Goatsucker. Watling says the “native name is Birreagal,” and the figure is “one half the natural size. July.” No. 221. Great-headed Goatsucker, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 263. Caprimulgus megacephalus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lviii. Podargus strigoides (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 631. No. 222. Gracile Goatsucker, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. i1., p. 263. Caprimulgus gracilis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lvii. Podargus strigoides (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 631. Watling says the “native name is Poo-book. Half the natural size. An excellent likeness.” No. 223. Bristled Goatsucker, Lath. MS.; id., Gen. Hist. B., vii., p. 342 (1823). Aigotheles nove hollandiz (Lath.), Hartert, Cat. B., xvi., p. 651. Watling says: ‘“ Natural size, the same as the bird the drawing was taken from. March.” No. 225. White-faced Pigeon, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p- 268. Columba melanoleuca, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lix. Leucosarcia picata (Lath.), Salvad., Cat. B., xxi., p. 607. Watling says: “One-half the natural size. Native name Go-ad-gong. Dec., 1792.” No. 226. Pale Pigeon, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 270. Columba pallida, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. 1x. Lopholemus antarcticus (Shaw), Salvad., Cat. B., xxi., p. 235. Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., xii., p. 217 (1905). Although this figure is very incorrect, I am inclined to think that it is intended for Lopholemus antarcticus. Watling says: ‘‘ About one fourth the natural size. New South Wales.” No. 227. New Holland Quail, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 283. Perdix australis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xii. VOL. Il. L 146 Zoology. Synoecus australis (Lath.), Grant, Cat. B., xxii., p. 247. This drawing is the type on which Latham founded his description of the New Holland Quail. Watling gives the following note: “Natural size. July. It flies like a Quail, and in its habits much resembles that bird.” No, 228. New Holland Jabiru, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., pp. 294 and 295, pl. exxxviii. Mycteria australis, Lath. Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xiv. Xenorhynchus asiaticus (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi., Dp old: Watling says: “In height 5:73.” No. 230. New Holland Crane. Antigone australasiana (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 265. No. 231. Caledonian Night-Heron, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., pt. i., p. 55 [male]. Nycticorax caledonicus (Gm.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 158. No. 232. Caledonian Night-Heron [female]. No. 234. The Bittern, a variety. Botaurus peciloptilus (Wagl.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 258. No. 235. White-bellied Heron, Latham MS. ; id., Gen. Hist. B., ix., p. 101 (1824). Ardetta pusilla (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 234. This figure no doubt is intended to represent the young of Ardetta pusilla. Watling says: “This bird frequents marshes. It is a rare bird.” No. 236. Little Bittern, Lath, Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii, p. 301. Ardetta pusilla (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 234. Latham appears to have noticed that the Australian bird was different from the European, as he writes on this drawing as follows: “A variety of Little Bittern if not new. See drawing above, No. 237.” Watling gives the following note: “Half the natural size. Native name Go-ning-nah.” No. 237. Little Bittern, variety, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 301. Ardetta pusilla (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 234. Watling gives the following note: ‘‘ December. Half the natural size of the bird the drawing was taken from ; the neck is Birds. 147 longer, but this is his general attitude. Native name Duralia ; found in marshes or moist ground. No. 238. Pacific Heron, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 305. Ardea pacifica, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Lxv. Notophoyx pacifica (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxvi., polit: This figure is the type of Latham’s description of the Pacific Heron, Notophoyx pacifica (Lath.). No. 239. Common Curlew, variety, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., pt. i., p. 120. Numenius cyanopus (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 350. Watling gives the following note: ‘“ Near the natural size of the English Curlew ; the native name Gaarlarr-re-bing.” No. 240. New Holland Curlew, Latham MS. Limosa nove zealandize (Gray), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 377. Watling says: ‘One fifth the natural size.” No. 241. New Holland Snype, Lath., Gen. Sen., Suppl. ii., p. 310. Scolopax australis, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xv. Gallinago australis (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 652. ' Watling says: “ Half the natural size.” No. 242. Wattled Sandpiper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 313. Tringa lobata, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lxv. Lobivanellus lobatus (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 139. Watling gives the following note: “Three quarters of the natural size. It is a rare bird, sometimes, though seldom, to be met with on the flats going to Parramatta. Native name Kalloonagh.” No. 243. Wattled Sandpiper, Lath. (See No. 242.) Watling gives the native name as “ Ban-ne-re-ra.” No, 244. Brown-eared Sandpiper, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii. p- 314. Tringa aurita, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Lxvi. Heteropygia acuminata (Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p- 566. Watling gives the following note: “Two thirds of the natural size. This bird frequents the sea shore and moist places, but are by no means numerous.” No. 245. Grisled Plover, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 320. Charadrius griseus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Ixvii. L 2 a 148 Zoology. Charadrius dominicus (P. L. 8. Miill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 195. Watling says: “One half its natural size. It was shot on the sea-shore.” No. 246. High-legged Plover, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, polo: Charadrius grallarius, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xvi. Burhinus grallarius (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 18. Watling says: “ This bird measured thirty inches.” No. 247. Sanderling, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 315. Calidris arenaria (Linn.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 526. Watling says: “A kind of Sand or Shore Lark, not very numerous. Native name Waddergal.” No. 249. Crescent Plover, Lath. MS. Erythrogonys cinctus (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 125. Watling gives the following note: “ Half the natural size ; the only one of the kind ever seen at Port Jackson.” No. 250. Crescent Plover, Lath. MS. [See no. 249.] Erythrogonys cinctus (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B.,xxxiv., p. 125. No. 251. Great-billed Plover, Lath., Gen. Syn.,Suppl. ii.,p.319. Charadrius magnirostris, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Lxvi. Burhinus grallarius (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 18. Watling gives the native name as Woal-Woo-a. No. 252. Bridled Plover, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 320. Charadrius frenatus, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lxvii. Burhinus grallarius (Lath.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 18. Watling says: ‘“ One third of the natural size.” No. 253. Brown Plover, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 320. et ? Limonites ruficollis (Pall.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., p. 545. Watling gives the following note: “One fifth the natural size. This is a water bird, though put on a perch.” No. 254. New Holland Oyster-catcher, Lath. MS. Heematopus longirostris (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., pe ll2: Watling says: “Seldom seen in more than pairs. It is a very solitary bird. Native name Booming.” No. 255. New Holland Oyster-catcher (variety of the Pied Oyster-catcher), Lath. MS.; id., Gen. Hist. B., ix., p. 359 (1824). Hematopus longirostris (Vieill.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiv., peli: Birds. 149 This figure is taken from a young bird. Watling gives the following note: “This is a recluse and solitary bird, being never found in more than pairs. It has but one simple plaintive tone which it never varies. The drawing is about one fourth the natural size. This appears a variety of the Red Bill, which is the common name it goes by here, or it is a young one, full plumage, for most others have had the legs as red as the bill. It frequents the sea shores and lives on spawn and young fish, both shell and others, which gives the flesh a fat, of which it has a great share. It is a strong fish of an oily flavour ; both the flesh and fat are very high coloured, particularly the latter, which is mostly red and very abundant, as before noticed. It is naked or bare of feathers one third up the thigh, its toes are more fleshy and thick than sea-birds’ in general, and are a little way connected by a web or membrane in so much that they may be called palmated. Native name Boo-aning or Boo-ming.” No. 256. Blue-necked Rail, variety, Lath. MS.; éd., Gen. Hist. B., ix., p. 377 (1824). Porzana palustris (Gould), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 109. Watling gives the following note: “The natural size. The spur or hook near the pinion cannot in common be seen, but in the drawing it is separated from the feathers where they can conceal it.” No. 257. Dark Rail, Lath. MS.; id., Gen. Hist. B., ix., p. 378 (1824). Tabuan Rail, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., part i., p. 235. Porzana tabuensis (Gm.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 111. Although Latham had himself described the “'Tabuan Rail,” he apparently did not recognise this figure, which is evidently intended to represent the same species. Watling says: “A bird of Norfolk Island. Natural size. December.” No. 258. White Gallinule, complete, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 327. Notornis alba (White), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxiii., p. 208. Watling’s note is as follows: “One third its natural size. This bird is of Howe Island, and when young was entirely black, from that to bluish-grey, and from that to an entire white. This bird feeds itself with its feet like a Parrot.” No. 259. Three changes of the White Gallinule. Watling’s note is as follows: “ Three stages of this bird taken at Lord Howe’s Island before it arrives at maturity.” 150 Zoology. No. 260. Black-jointed Gallinule, Lath. MS. ; id. Gen. Hist. B., ix., p. 427 (1824), Porphyrio melanonotus (Temm.), Sharpe, Cat. B., xxii., p-. 205. Watling gives the following note: “Native name Goo-la- war-ring. Reduced by scale to half the size of the bird the drawing from. August. A rare bird ; frequents swamps.” No, 261, Black-jointed Gallinule, Lath. MS. Watling says: “One third the natural size. November.” No. 263. New Holland Grebe, Lath. [MS.], Gen. Hist., x., p. 33. Podicipes nove hollandiz (Stephens, ex Lath.), Grant, Cat. .B., xxvi., p. 519. On this figure Latham founded his description of the New Holland Grebe (Podicipes nove hollandiz). Stephens gave the Latin title, from Latham’s description. Watling says: “One fifth of the natural size. Native name Mag-a-ger.” No. 265, American Avocet, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., part i., p. 295 (part). Ne: nove hollandiz (Vieill.), sharers Cat. B., xxiyv., p. 333. _ Watling says: “22 inches from the extremities. This bird is found along the shores of the sea coast.” No. 266. American Avocet, Lath. Watling says: ‘‘ Native name Antiquatich.” No. 267. American Avocet, Lath. Watling’s note : “ The natural size. This is a rare bird; only been seen on some lagoons. A species of the Avocetta,” No. 269. White Albatross, Lath. Watling says: “The bird this drawing was taken from was caught some distance from the entrance to Port Jackson at sea.” No. 270. Crested Tern, Lath. Watling’s note: “ One fifth of its natural size. The female.” No. 270. Caspian Tern, var. B, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., pt. ii, p-. 351 (1785). Crested Tern, Lath., Gen. Hist., B., x., p. 101. Sterna cristata, Stephens, Gen. Zool., Aves, xiii., pt. i., p. 146 (1826). Sterna bergit (Licht.), Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 89. This drawing is the type of Latham’s description of the Birds, 151 Crested Tern, which, according to Mr. Howard Saunders, is synonymous with S. bergit, Licht. Watling says: “ One fifth of its natural size. A female.” No. 271. Caspian Tern, variety B, Lath. Sterna bergit (Licht.), Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 89. Watling says: “One fifth of its natural size. A male. It lives on small fish. Native name Ger-ra-ger-ra.” No. 272. Caspian Tern, Lath. Watling says: “ Half the natural size of the bird which this drawing was taken from.” No. 273. Greater Tern, Lath. Watling says: ‘‘ Half the natural size, and seldom see but one in the hottest summer weather.” No. 274. New Holland Tern, Lath. [MS.], Gen. Hist. B., x., p. 103. Sterna bergii (Licht.), Saunders, Cat. B., xxv., p. 89. This figure is the type of Latham’s description of the New Holland Tern and Sterna nove hollandiz, Stephens, which = S. bergit according to Mr. Howard Saunders. Watling’s note: “This almost half the natural size, and a pretty good resemblance, with this exception—only the bill not just so much bent.” No. 275. Pacific Gull, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 332. Larus pacificus, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. Lxviii. Gabianus pacificus (Lath.), Saunders, Cat, B., xxv., p. 297. This figure is the type of Latham’s description of the Pacific Gull, Gabianus pacificus (Lath.). Watling says: “Native name Troo-gad-dill.” No. 276. Pacific Gull, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 332. Watling says: “ Half the natural size. A large grey Gull.” No. 277. New Holland Crimson-billed Gull, Lath. [MS.], Gen. Hist., B., x., p. 145. Larus nove hollandiz (Stephens), Saunders, Cat. B., Brit. Mus., xxv., p. 235. This figure is the type of Latham’s description of the New Holland Crimson-billed Gull, on which Stephens founded the name of Larus nove hollandiz. Watling says: ‘“ Reduced by scale to half the size of the bird which the drawing was taken from.” No. 278. New Holland Crimson-billed Gull, Lath. MS. Watling says: “ One-sixth of the natural size.” No. 279. New Holland Crimson-billed Gull, Lath. MS. 152 Zoology. Watling says: ‘‘ Natural size. April. Native name Ton-na- rang. Not avery common bird in New South Wales.” No. 280. Norfolk Island Petrel, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii. p. 334, Puffinus chlororhynchus (Less.), Salvin, Cat. B., xxv. p. 372. This figure is, in my opinion, intended to represent Puffinus chlororhynchus, Less., to which it bears a very strong resemblance. If I am correct in this supposition, the “ Norfolk Island Petrel” of Latham cannot be referred to the Gistrelata neglecta (Schl.) as has been suggested in the Catalogue of Birds (xxv., p. 412). Watling writes: ‘“‘ Norfolk Island Petrel or the Mutton bird, in full feather.” No. 281. Norfolk Island or Fuliginous Petrel, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p. 334. This is the figure of a young bird of the same species as No. 280. Watling says: “ Norfolk Island Petrel or Mutton bird, in second or middle state.” No. 282. Fuliginous Petrel, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 334, ; Puffinus tenuirostris (Temm.), Salvin, Cat. B., xxv., p. 388. This figure, which in general appearance is darker than Nos. 280 and 281, with dark bill and feet, I am inclined to think is intended for Puffinus tenuirostris (Temm.). Watling says: “ A Norfolk Island bird.” No. 283. Black Swan, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 343. Anas atrata, Lath., Ind. Orn., ii., p. 834. Chenopsis atrata (Lath.), Salvad., Cat. B., xxvii., p. 41. Watling says: “The Black Swan, the size of an English swan. Native name Mulgo.” No. 284. Black and White Goose, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 344. Anas melanoleuca, Lath., Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. Lxix. Anseranus semipalmata (Lath.), Salvad., Cat. B., xxvii., p. 44. Watling says: “This bird is about the size of a goose. Native name Bur-ra-yen-ne.” No. 285. Hawksbury Duck, Lath. Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii, p-. 358. Anas jubata, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. Ixix. Chenonetta jubata (Lath.), Salvad., Cat. B., xxvii., p. 140. — Birds. 153 Watling says: “This species of Duck is found at Hawksbury ; sometimes perching.” No. 286. Hawksbury Duck, Lath. Watling writes: ‘Half the natural size. This is the only Duck of this kind ever seen. May.” No. 288. Semipalmated Duck, Lath,, Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii., p. 347, pl. cxxxix. Anas semipalmata, Lath., Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. lxix. Anseranus semipalmata (Lath.), Salvad., Cat. B., xxvii., p. 44. Watling says: “This bird is about the size of our native Wild Goose. They are generally found in flocks and sometimes perching upon high trees. It has been observed by the man who sometimes shoots these birds that, in opening some of them, but not all, the wind-pipe formed several beautiful circum- volutions on the breast under the skin before it entered the thorax. An officer lately has opened one and confirms the truth of the sportsman’s observations. It is called by us the New South Wales Goose, Palmated, instead of being web-footed, because its manner as well as taste and flavour resembles that bird more than any other. The contour or general likeness is here very well observed. JI have been informed that at times their note is tuneful and melodious, which appears probable from the conformation of the wind-pipe, if that singular circumstance is true. I have now a man out attending a pond where they most frequent, in hopes of getting one for dissection. They have only lately been observed and shot, principally on a pond near the Hawksburgh River. January 2nd, 1794. Native name Now-al-gang.” No. 291. New Holland Penguin, Lath. [MS.], Gen. Hist., B., x., p. 388. Spheniscus novee hollandix, Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., Sill, Pte1.,, p. 68: Eudyptila minor (Forster), Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 646. This drawing is the type of Latham’s description of the New Holland Penguin, on which Stephens founded the name Spheniscus nove hollandiz. Both of these names will now become synonyms of Eudyptila minor (Forster). Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, when writing the “Catalogue of Birds,” was unable to identify the New / Holland Penguin from Latham’s description. (Cf. Cat. B., xxvi., p. 625, note.) Watling says: ‘‘ Native name Gur-roo-mul. One- fifth of the natural size ; the only one yet seen in Port Jackson.” 154 Zoology. No. 292. New Holland Pelecan, Lath., Gen. Hist., B., x., p. 402. [White Pelecan, variety, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., part 2, p. 575.] Pelecanus australis, Stephens, Gen. Zool., xiii., pt. i., p. 113. Pelecanus conspicillatus (Temm.), Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 483. Although reference is given on the plate to Latham’s Gen. Syn., iii, p. 575, Latham must have noticed that it was a new species, as he gives a description in his ‘General History of Birds,” and quotes the native name, which is on the plate. Watling says: ‘‘ Native name Karr-ang-a-ba.” No. 293. [Lesser Gannet, variety, Lath., Gen. Syn., ii., part 2, p. 611.] Lesser Gannet, Lath., Gen. Hist., B., x., p. 437. Sula candida, Stephens, Gen. Zool., xiii., pt. 1., p. 103 (1826). Sula serrator, Gray, ‘Erebus and Terror,” Birds, p. 19 (1845); Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 428. . Watling says: ‘‘One-fourth the size of nature. Native name Doo-ro-dang.” Latham in his “General History of Birds,” x., p. 438, writes: ‘The Lesser Gannet is also found in New Holland, and called by the natives Doo-ro-dang.” No. 294. [Young Tropic-bird. ] New Holland Tropic Bird, Lath., Gen. Hist., B., x., p. 448. Phaéton melanorhynchos, Stephens, Gen. Zool., xii., pt. i., Pp. 427. Phaéton rubricauda (Bodd.), Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 451. Watling says: “ From the extremity of the bill to the tail is eighteen inches.” No. 295. Red-tailed Tropic-bird, Lath., Gen. Syn., iii., part 2, p- 614, pl. ev. Phaéton rubricauda (Bodd.), Grant, Cat. B., xxvi., p. 451. Watling says: “This bird is from the tip of the bill to the rump eighteen inches, and from the rump to the end of the tail- feathers eighteen inches.” Birds. 155 After the date of Latham’s “Synopsis,” the Trustees began to issue descriptive guides to the collections under their charge. A. “Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum” was published as a sort of guide-book to the collections; it was printed by Cox and Baylis, of 75, Great Queen Street, but appears to have been an official publication of the Trustees. Many editions were issued, of which the one printed in 1808 is the earliest which we possess in the General Library of the Natural History Museum. This little ‘‘ Synopsis” tells how Sir Hans Sloane’s Museum and Library (which, he says in his will, had cost him £50,000) were offered, at his death in 1753, to the British Government, who had the first refusal of the collections, for £20,000. An Act of Parliament was passed in that year sanctioning the purchase, and vesting the property of the Museum in Trustees, for the use of the public. A table of contents of the Sloane Museum, given in this little work, is intended to afford some idea of the extent of the purchase, but the exact numbers are not absolutely guaranteed. There were, however, stated to be 50,000 volumes of books, MSS., and prints, and 23,000 coins and medals; the “ Quadrupeds and their parts,” 8186; the “ Birds and their parts, eggs and nests,” 1172, ete. In addition to the Cottonian Library, and other purchases and bequests, the Harleian Manuscripts were also bought, the Trustees assuming the management of these priceless treasures of the nation, and the title of the Britisa Museum was bestowed upon the National Collection, while a Lottery was authorised by Parliament, in order to raise the funds for their recent purchases, to secure a home for the collections, and to provide for the permanent support of the establishment. £95,194 8s. 9d. was the sum brought in by the Lottery. The history of the Museum, as given in the “Synopsis,” is continued :— “The first act of these Trustees was to provide a proper building for the reception of the ample collections confided to their care ; and after various proposals, they at length fixed upon the noble mansion, built about the year 1680 by Ralph, first Duke of Montague, who, being at that time Ambassador at Paris, sent over French artists for erecting and adorning the edifice he had in contemplation. This palace, together with its 156 Zoology. gardens and appurtenances, occupying in the whole an area of seven acres and twenty perches of land, was ceded by the representatives of the Montague family for the moderate sum of £10,000.” “‘ The necessary repairs (which, the house having stood long empty, proved very expensive) were immediately proceeded upon; and the proper book-cases and cabinets having been completed, and the collections removed thither and properly distributed and arranged, the Museum was at length opened for study and public inspection, on the 15th of January, 1759. Besides the £20,000 paid for the Sloanean, and the £10,000 for the Harleian Collections, and £10,000 for Montague House, the sum of £28,663 15s. was laid out in the purchase of £30,000 Three per cent. Reduced Annuities, and appropriated to the maintenance of the establishment; and the remaining £26,531 3s. 2d. raised by the Lottery scarcely sufficed to defray the expenses of repairs, cases, furniture, removing the collections, and various other incidental charges.” From such small beginnings did the great Zoological Depart- ment develop into its present position. A history of Montague House is to be found in Timbs’ “Romance of London.” The original house was burnt down in January 1686. The second house was variously described as a “mansion” and as a “ palace.” It must have been splendidly built to have borne the weight of some of the exhibits, such as fossils, meteorites, etc., on the upper floors. The ‘“ Synopsis” of 1808 gives us some idea of the building, which was surrounded by gardens and a high wall; and a picture, with plans of the various rooms, is to be found in Edwards’ “ Lives of the Founders of the British Museum,” &vo, 1870. When the present British Museum replaced Old Montague House, in 1845, the gardens were done away with and the outer wall abolished, being replaced by the iron railings and the smooth lawns of the present day. In the old days the procedure of those visiting the Museum was as follows :— “On entering the gate of the Museum a spacious quadrangle presents itself, with an Ionic colonnade on the south side, and the main building on the north {it measured 216 feet in length and 57 in height to the top of the cornice]; the two wings being allotted for the dwellings of the officers. The architect, Peter Birds. 157 Puget, a native of Marseilles, and an artist of the first eminence in his time, was sent over from Paris by Ralph, first Duke of Montague, for the sole purpose of constructing this splendid mansion.” The ground-floor consisted of twelve rooms, and was devoted to the Library of Printed Books, to which “strangers were not admitted, as the mere sight of the outside of books cannot convey either instruction or amusement.” “The companies, on being admitted, according to the regulations,” says the “Synopsis” of the year 1808, “are immediately conducted up the great staircase, the decorations of which have been lately restored. The paintings on the ceiling, representing Phaeton petitioning Apollo for leave to drive his chariot, are by Charles de la Fosse, who in his time was deemed one of the best colourists of the French school, and of whom there are many valuable performances in France, amongst which are the paintings on the cupola of the dome of the Invalides, which are ranked among the admiranda of Paris. The land- scapes and architectural decorations are by James Rousseau, whose particular skill in perspective has at all times been held in high estimation.” ‘‘ From the great staircase strangers are conducted into the first room of the upper storey, containing a miscellaneous collec- tion of modern works of art, from all parts of the world. The ceiling of this room, representing the Fall of Phaeton, is painted by La Fosse.” On this upper floor were twelve rooms (see “ Synopsis,” p. 4). Room I. was devoted to modern works of art. Room IT. was “empty ” in the year 1808, its contents having been removed into other apartments upon the transfer of the collections of Antiquities into the new building. Rooms IITI., IV., V., VI., and VII. were occupied by the collections of Manuscripts. The Saloon seems to have been unutilized for exhibition-cases at that time, but it must have been a fine room. We read in the same “Synopsis” (p. 15) :—‘‘The dome of this grand apartment was painted by the above-mentioned La Fosse. It has generaily been described as representing the Apotheosis of Iris; Walpole, in his “ Anecdotes of Painting,” deviates still further from the truth by naming the subject the Apotheosis of Isis; but the most probable conjecture is that the painter meant it to exhibit the birth of Minerva, that goddess fully attired being the 158 Zoology. most prominent figure. Jupiter is immediately above her; and about him are three female figures with stars over their heads, administering to him, one of them pouring nectar, or some healing ointment, upon his head. On one side of Minerva is Vulcan, and close to him Cupid with an axe in his hand ; on the other side is Mercury, seemingly starting to announce the happy tidings on earth. The other heathen divinities surround this group in admiration of the event; and in a lower compartment opposite the chimney are the Vices expelled from heaven on the manifestation of Wisdom. In the six medallions near the corners of the room are figured some of the principal achieve- ments of Minerva. In the first, over the door of the MS. Department, she is assisting Perseus in cutting off the head of Medusa ; in the second she, with some of the Muses, presides over harmony; in No. 3 she kills a lion (an emblem of her valour) ; in No. 4 she assists Jupiter in fighting the Titans; in No. 5 she contends with Neptune about the naming of Athens ; and in No. 6 is figured the fable of Arachne metamorphosed by her into a spider. Between these medallions are groups of winged boys, emblematically alluding to their several employ- ments, to arts, sciences, commerce, and war. “The landscapes and architectural decorations are by the same J. Rousseau who painted in the staircase ; and the garlands of flowers are by John Baptist Monoyer, the most eminent flower painter of his time.” Over the chimney is a full-length portrait of King George II. by Shackleton, and in the middle stands a table, composed of a variety of lavas from Mount Vesuvius, presented by the Earl of Exeter. Room VIII. contained the Mineral collections, Room IX. the Petrifactions and Shells, Room X. Vegetable productions and Zoophytes, with Insects, Shells, etc., many being spirit specimens. The Birds were to be found in Room XJ., disposed, so far as convenience would admit, according to the Linnean mode of arrangement, viz., into six great divisions or orders, the separa- tions of which were marked by white lines between each. Some birds, however, on account of the large size of the cases in which they were contained, could not conveniently be stationed in their , proper orders, and were therefore disposed on the upper part of the general divisions. The Birds were classified under the headings of ): Lot 7. Two ditto. Professor Temminck (£2 8s.). No. 11. Grasshopper Warbler. Mr. Swainson (8s.). Lot 12. Alpine Warbler (male and female). Mr. Swainson (12s.). | Lot 13. Fantail Warbler, Latham MS.; and the Grey- throated Warbler. Mr. Swainson (11s.). Lot 14. Guira Warbler (male and female). Professor Tem- minck (16s.). Lot 15. Great Brazilian Wren. Professor Temminck (12s.). Lot 16. Rufus-throated Warbler, Latham MS8., from Jamaica. Mr. Swainson (13s.). Lot 17. Little Flycatcher, and Tawny-breasted Warbler, Latham MS. Mr. Swainson (11s.). Lot 18. Bearded Warbler ; very rare. Professor Temminck (17s.). Lot 22. Unknown Warbler of New Holland, and the Virescent Warbler, Latham MS. Professor Temminck (12s.). Lot 23. Tawney-rumped Warbler, Latham MS8., and Yellow Warbler. Mr. Molinari (11s.). Dr. Leach was at this day’s sale, as he purchased Lot 25, a very fine Cancer from Tristan d’Acunha, but he bought no birds. The “Birds in glass cases” were chiefly bought by a Mr. Lincoln, and by Mr. Molinari, though Mr. Swainson and Mr. Vigors secured a few. Swainson also bought some insects, and a skin of the Boquetaire, or Mountain Goat ; very rare (30s.). Miss Bullock bought Lot 99, a Black-winged Parrot, for 16s. ; it may have been a family pet. Mr. Vigors bought a “ Beautiful specimen of the Blossom-headed Parrot ” for £2. Swainson bought several of the cases ; and one “elegant” case (Lot 118), “the orna- ments taken from rails of Notre Dame” (MS. note in Professor Newton’s copy) was bought by a Mr. Hailes for £7 17s. 6d. The Twenry-sixtH Day’s SALE, Friday, June 11, was devoted to Napoleonic relics. It included ‘the Emperor’s carriage, taken Birds. 945 on the eve of Waterloo, and sent, with the oflicer who took it, by Marshal Bliicher, to the Prince Regent, from whom it was purchased by its present proprietor for the sum of three thousand guineas.” The carriage was bought by Mr. Hopkinson, coach maker, Holborn, for £168. Mr. Riddell and Mr. Molinari again appear as purchasers for some of the Napoleonic relics, and Mr. Vigors bought a linen towel. Lot 103, a silver helmet, taken at Waterloo, and Lot 104, a trophy of French arms and colours, from Waterloo, were purchased by “ Walter Scott, Esq.,” for £5 15s. and £3 13s. 6d. respectively. Colonel Birch’s “small but very fine collection of ORGANISED Fossits, from the Blue Lias formation at Lyme and Charmouth in Dorsetshire, consisting principally of bones, illustrating the osteology of the Ichthio-saurus, or Proteo-saurus, etc.,” was sold by Bullock, ‘‘at his Egyptian Hall in Piccadilly” on Monday, the 15th day of May, 1820, so that it would seem that, after the dispersal of his private Museum, he still continued his business as an auctioneer. Dr. Leach bought some of the lots, but Lot 102, “a skeleton of the Ichthio-saurus,” was, according to a MS. note in Professor Newton’s copy of the Catalogue, “ Bot in ; wants £300 for it.” A further MS. note says: ‘since purchased for £100 for the Surgeon’s Museum, London.” We take up once more the authentic record of the bird collections in the year 1816. In this year the Montagu collection was purchased. It con- sisted of the most complete series of British birds of the time, but, as I have stated before, owing to the defective preparation of the specimens, many of them have fallen to pieces. Colonel Montagu was the author of the “ Ornithological Dictionary,” an excellent work in its day, and the specimens purchased by the Museum were doubtless the ones which had served for the descriptions in his work. The Montagu collection, as it existed in 1816, when Dr. Leach was the Keeper of the Zoological Department, may be determined by his ‘‘ Systematic Catalogue of the specimens of the Indigenous Mammalia and Birds that are preserved in the British Museum, with their localities and authorities” (8vo, pp. 1-42). This little pamphlet was printed (no doubt for the Trustees) by Richard 246 Zoology. and Arthur Taylor, Shoe Lane, who in 1818 printed the “ Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum” (antea, p. 155). A reprint of Leach’s “Systematic Catalogue” was published in 1882 by the Willughby Society, and was edited by the late Osbert Salvin. The editor points out that, as the catalogue was printed on one side of the paper only, it was probably intended as a label-catalogue for the specimens, and of this, I think, there can be no doubt. It is very useful as a catalogue of the Montagu collection of birds, which was obtained from “ G. Montagu, Esq., Jun.” The “Solitary Stare,” represented by a specimen from Yorkshire given by the Rev. James Dalton, was found to be merely the young of the Common Stare. (Cf. Leach, t.c., Errata.) Of Leach’s “ Catalogue,” Mr. Salvin says :—‘“ It is also a question if it was ever actually published in the ordinary sense, for though the printer’s name is given at the foot of the title page, no publisher is mentioned. (The same may be said of the Guide-book to the Museum, printed by Messrs. R. and A. Taylor, who were then evidently employed by the Trustees, whose name did not appear.) It is impossible to overlook Leach’s Catalogue, as his names have been constantly referred to by subsequent authors, and, for good or bad, must take their place in nomenclature.” Sir E. Maunde Thompson has very kindly supplied me with the following memoranda from the archives of the British Museum. On the 14th June, 1816, Leach recommended the purchase of the Montagu collection for £1,200. The purchase was approved by the Trustees, Sir Joseph Banks recommending it, and on the Ist of October, 1816, Leach reported the safe arrival of the collection. 1837. This was the first year in which a serious attempt was made to keep an official register of the acquisitions. 668 specimens presented ; 591 purchased. Total, 1259. John Gould presented 172 specimens of birds to the Museum, and 111 more were purchased from him. They were from various localities, but included a few Australian species, showing that, even at this early date, he was receiving specimens from someone in that continent. 310 birds were purchased in Paris from the collection of the late Baron Laugier de Chartrouse, who had collaborated with Temminck in the production of the ‘“‘ Planches Coloriées.” 187 birds presented by Sir W. Burnett and Captain Fitzroy. 1% Birds. LAT The latter officer had been the commander of the Beagle, and this collection was probably made during that expedition. 126 birds from British Guiana, collected by Sir R. Schom- burgk, and presented by the Royal Geographical Society. 1838. 434 specimens presented ; 245 purchased. Total number of additions, 679. Of special interest are the following :— 158 birds from Tasmania ; presented by Ronald Gunn, Esq. For a long time the only collection of Tasmanian birds in the Museum, and of great value at the time of its presentation, but from being mounted for many years in the Gallery, the specimens were ruined by light and dust, and but few now remain. 82 specimens of birds from India and China ; presented by John Russell Reeves, Esq. 111 specimens purchased at the sale of the South African Museum. Dr. J. E. Gray records the fact that they were all “stuffed by Messrs. Verreaux” and were collected during Sir A. Smith’s expeditions into the interior of South Africa. Many types were included in the series. 1839. 225 specimens presented ; 238 purchased. Total number of acquisitions, 463. No addition of any importance took place this year, but an effort was evidently being made to replenish the collection of British Birds, since 114 young birds of various species were presented by Mr. J. Baker. 1840. 136 specimens presented ; 141 purchased. Total number of additions, 277. ; Nothing added of any great importance. 47 British birds, presented by Mr. J. Baker. 52 birds from West Australia. Presented by Capt. [after- wards Sir George] Grey. These specimens were obtained by John Gould, and doubtless given to Governor George Grey, with whom Gould was on terms of great friendship. 1841. 385 specimens presented ; 583 purchased. Total number of additions, 968. 248 Zoology. Only two acquisitions of any note, viz. :— 332 birds from South Australia. Purchased from Mr. Gould. 78 birds from Kerguelen Land, collected by the naturalists of the Antarctic Expedition. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 1842. 492 specimens presented; 870 purchased; 92 received in exchange. Total, 1454. Of special importance were :— 120 birds from Port Essington, North Australia. Presented by Captain Chambers, R.N. 160 birds from the Philippine Islands, including several types of new species. Purchased of Mr. Hugh Cuming. 49 birds from Abyssinia and Shoa, including several co-types of his new species, collected by Dr. E. Riippell. 119 birds from New Zealand and adjacent islands, collected by the naturalists of the Antarctic Expedition. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 1843. 2027 specimens, presented ; 799 purchased. Total, 2826. The most important additions were :— 1302 birds from Nepal, including numbers of types. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. This is the first instalment of the great Hodgson donation. 302 birds from South Australia, Presented by Captain [afterwards Sir George] Grey. 43 nests of Australian birds. Presented by John Gould, Esq. 50 birds collected in Chili by Mr. 'T. Bridges. 83 birds from various localities. Presented by Sir E. Belcher. 1844. 969 specimens presented ; 368 purchased. Total, 1337. Important additions were :— 222 birds from the Antarctic Ocean, the Falkland Islands, Cape of Good Hope, etc., obtained by the naturalists of the Antarctic Expedition. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 139 birds from Tenasserim. Presented by J. D. C. Packman, Esq. This collection was never worked out by George Robert Gray, the specimens having been somewhat roughly preserved. Birds. 249 With the donation of Mr. Allan Hume’s splendid series of Tenasserim birds, many specimens from the old Packman collection have been disposed of as duplicates. 107 birds, mostly from North Australia, collected by Dr. J. Beete Jukes, during the voyage of H.M.S. Fly. 222 specimens from Brazil. Presented by M. Claussen. 8 specimens purchased of Leadbeater, duplicates from the Leyden Museum. | 1845. 2203 specimens presented; 371 purchased; 10 received in exchange. Total, 2584. Among the notable accessions were :— 1391 birds from Nepal, and 301 from Behar, being the second and third instalments of the collections presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 57 birds from the Madras Presidency, including several types of new species figured in the “Illustrations of Indian Ornith- ology.” Presented by T. C. Jerdon, Esq. 30 specimens from New Zealand, including the type of Ocydromus earli and other rare species. Presented by Percy Karl, Esq. 52 specimens from Cayenne. Presented by H. C. Rothery, Esq. 39 birds from Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Sibbald. 54 birds from Shoa, duplicates from the collection made by Sir W. Cornwallis Harris. Presented by the Hon. East India Company. 296 specimens from South Africa and Madagascar. Presented by Sir Andrew Smith. 91 specimens from Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 1846. 849 specimens presented ; 1072 purchased. Total, 1921. Among the principal acquisitions were :— 124 birds from Central Australia. Presented by Capt. Sturt. 270 birds from various localities. Presented by Edward Wilson, Esq. ; 271 birds from Bolivia. Collected by Mr. T. Bridges. 147 birds and eggs from Tunis. Collected by Mr. Louis Fraser. 59 birds from New Zealand, Tasmania, and the Pacific Islands. Presented by Sir Everard Home, Bart. 250 Zoology. 1847. 563 specimens presented ; 604 purchased. Total, 1167. The principal additions were :— 44 birds from New Zealand. Presented by Sir George Grey. 134 birds from Jamaica. Collected by P. H. Gosse, Esq. This collection contains the types of the species described in his *¢ Birds of Jamaica.” 171 birds from Australia. Presented by Sir T. Mitchell. 1848. 340 specimens presented ; 185 purchased. Total, 525. 135 birds and eggs from Repulse Bay. Presented by Dr. J. Rae. 307 birds from Sikhim. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. The fourth instalment of the great Hodgson donation. 1849. 93 specimens presented ; 399 purchased. Total, 492. 147 birds from New Zealand. Presented by Capt. Stokes, R.N., of H.M.S. Acheron. Collected by Dr. Lyall. 173 specimens from various parts of the British Islands. Purchased of Mr. J. Baker. 1850. 671 specimens presented ; 532 purchased. Total, 1203. 230 birds from the Pacific coast of America, Galapagos Islands, etc. Presented by Capt. Kellett, H.M.S. Herald, and Lieut. Wood, H.M.S. Pandora. 204 birds from the Islands of Torres Straits and adjacent parts of Australia. Presented by Capt. Owen Stanley (Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake). 36 eggs from Greenland. Collected by Governor Holboell. 37 birds from San Domingo. Collected by Mr. Auguste Sallé. Purchased from Mr. Hugh Cuming. 1851. 284 specimens presented ; 637 purchased. ‘Total, 921. 44 birds from the Falkland Islands and from islands off the Australian coast, the lLouisiades, ete. Presented by John Macgillivray, Esq. (Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake). Birds. 251 1852. 307 specimens presented ; 419 purchased. Total, 726. 115 eggs, presented by H. F. Walter, Esq. 106 birds from New Zealand. Presented by Captain Stokes, R.N. 29 birds from Damara Land, collected by C. J. Andersson. 1853. 158 specimens presented ; 488 purchased. Total, 646. 104 birds from Bagdad. Presented by Kenneth Loftus, Esq, 55 Humming Birds, and 86 Toucans. Purchased of Mr. Gould. 1854. 84 specimens presented ; 540 purchased. Total, 624. 127 specimens from Bogota. Purchased of Mr. Samuel Stevens. 1855. 150 specimens presented ; 742 purchased. Total, 892. 403 birds from various localities. Purchased from the Zoological Society. On the determination of the Zoological Society to give up its Museum, the first choice of acquiring the specimens was offered to the British Museum, which thus regained the typical examples described from the voyage of the Beagle and other exploring vessels, the collections of which should by rights have gone into the national museum. A few seem to have been overlooked by Mr. G, R. Gray and passed into the hands of private collectors, but within the past few years some of these have likewise been regained by the Museum, on the death of the owners, whose collections have been dispersed. 1855. 101 birds from South America. Purchased of Mr. J. Gould. 88 birds from N.W. America. Presented by Captain Collin- son, R.N. (H.M.SS. Enterprise and Endeavour). 1856. 319 birds presented ; 160 purchased. Total, 429. 36 birds from Teheran, Persia, collected by the Hon. C. Murray. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 252 Zoology. 5 birds from New Zealand. Purchased of Mr. W. Mantell (through Mr. Gould). Among these were the type-specimens of Nestor notabilis and Spatula variegata, as well as the first perfect specimen of Notornis mantelli. 46 birds from the Fiji Islands, Norfolk Island, ete. Collected by Dr. F. M. Rayner (H.M.S. Herald). Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. . 23 birds and eggs from Candahar. Presented by Capt. Hutton. Includes the types of several species described by the donor. 1857. 268 specimens presented ; 660 purchased. Total, 928. 66 birds from Lombok, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace. This was the commencement of the long series of collections made by Dr. A. R. Wallace during his celebrated expedition to the Malay Archipelago. Dr. Wallace kept the first set for himself, and only duplicates were sold ; but the collections were submitted in their entirety to Mr. George Robert Gray for description, the actual types of new species being returned, with the first set, to Dr. Wallace’s agent, Mr. Samuel Stevens. 25 birds, with 12 types of new species, collected in Cordova, S. Mexico, by M. Auguste Salle. 249 birds from N.W. Australia, collected by Dr. J. R. Elsey. 347 birds from various localities. Purchased of Mr. John Gould. 1858. 114 specimens presented ; 1112 purchased. Total, 1226. Specially interesting are the following items :— 38 birds from the Amazons (Rio Javari, etc.), collected by H. W. Bates. 150 birds, obtained by Dr. A. R. Wallace in the Key and Aru Islands. 58 birds from Celebes, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace. 49 eggs of British birds. Presented by Frederic Bond, Esq. 32 birds purchased at the sale of Dr. Van Lidth de Jeude’s Museum. This was one of the most celebrated private collections in Europe at the time. In addition to many specimens of interest to the Museum, a second specimen of the Great Auk (Plautus impennis) was acquired for the National Collection. Birds. 253 A specimen of the Whale-headed Stork (Balzeniceps rea) was acquired by purchase. 1859. 785 specimens presented ; 638 purchased. Total, 1423. 41 birds from the, Fiji Islands and other localities in the Pacific Ocean, collected Dr. F. M. Rayner (Voyage of H.M.S. Herald). Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 91 birds from Vancouver Island. Presented by Dr. Lyall (Voyage of H.M.S. Plumper). 598 birds from Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. Fifth instalment of the great Hodgson Collection. 132 birds and eggs, including Capt. Abbott’s series of eggs from the Falkland Islands. Purchased of Mr. Gould. 6 birds and 15 nests from St. Croix and St. Thomas, W.1I. Presented by Professor Newton. 83 birds from Batchian, Amboina, and N.W. New Guinea (Dorey), from Dr. A. R. Wallace’s collection. 41 birds from New Caledonia and the New Hebrides, collected by John Macgillivray, including types of several new species. 33 nests with eggs of birds from Natal, collected by Mr. Thomas Ayres. , 88 birds from various localities, including types of several species. Purchased of M. Parzudaki. 94 birds from various localities. Purchased of Mr. John Gould. 1860. 1029 specimens presented ; 956 purchased. Total, 1985. 54 birds and 36 eggs from Natal, collected by Dr. Gueinzius. 255 specimens from Dr. Wallace’s collections, from Batchian, Halmahéra, Ternate, Celebes, Timor, Ceram, containing many new species. 106 birds from Vancouver Island and 131 birds from British Columbia, collected by Mr. J. K. Lord, the naturalist to the British North American Boundary Commission, and presented by the Foreign Office. 48 birds from Guatemala. Presented by Osbert Salvin, Esq. These specimens were duplicates from Mr. Salvin’s expedition to Guatemala. 193 birds from Zambesia, obtained during the Livingstone 254 Zoology. expedition, and preserved by Sir (then Dr.) John Kirk. Presented by the Foreign Office. 92 birds from Ecuador. Purchased of Mr. John Gould. 584 birds from various parts of the Indian Empire, and 34 birds from Shoa. Presented by the Secretary of State for India. 1861. 336 specimens presented ; 407 purchased. Total, 743. 172 birds from Shoa. Collected by Sir W. Cornwallis Harris. Presented by the Secretary of State for India. 40 birds from Fort Simpson in N.W. British America. Presented by B. R. Ross, Esq. 116 birds from Dr. A. R. Wallace’s Malayan expedition, from Mysol, Ceram, and Waigiu. 26 birds from Gaboon. Purchased of Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. 17 birds from Upper Burma and Sikhim, with types of 6 new species. Presented by Dr. T. C. Jerdon. 1862. 133 specimens presented ; 328 purchased. ‘Total, 461. 221 birds from Dr. A. R. Wallace’s Malayan expedition, from New Guinea, Mysol, Morotai, Timor, Sula Islands, and Bouru. 16 specimens from Camaroons, W. Africa, with the types of 4 new species, obtained by Sir Richard Burton; presented by Lady Burton. 1863. 874 specimens presented ; 141 purchased. Total, 1015. 398 birds from British Columbia. Presented by J. K. Lord, Esq. After Mr. Lord had finished his work as naturalist to the British North American Boundary Commission, he remained for some time in British Columbia, and made a considerable collection of birds. 40 birds from Dr. A. R. Wallace’s Malayan expedition, from Flores and Buru. 139 birds, 16 nests, and 538 eggs, from the Mackenzie River district. Presented by b. R. Ross, Esq. 84 birds from Pegu. Presented by Dr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S. 87 birds, presented by the Linnean Society. The Linnean ae Birds. 955 Society determined in this year to hand over its collection of birds to the British Museum. It was a very important donation, containing the types of the Australian birds described by Vigors and Horsfield (Tr. Linn. Soc., xv., pp. 180-330), and the Parrots described by Temminck (Tr. Linn. Soe., xiii., pp. 111- 129). 39 birds collected by Sir John Kirk during the Livingstone expedition. Presented by the Foreign Office. 44 birds from the Zambesi and Shiré Rivers. Collected and presented by the Rev. Charles Livingstone, including the type of the Livingstone Touraco (Turacus livingstone?). An adult specimen of the Whale-headed Stork (Baleniceps rex), obtained by Consul Petherick. 1864. 79 specimens presented ; 394 purchased. Total, 473. 265 birds from Palestine. Collected by the Rev. Canon Tristram. 1865. 216 specimens presented ; 323 purchased. Total, 539. 88 birds from Guatemala, duplicates from Mr. Osbert Salvin’s collection. 115 sets of eggs. Purchased of Mr. John Gould. 160 birds from Malacca. Presented by W. Harvey, Esq. At this time the Museum had very few specimens from the Malay Archipelago, and the collection was of great use. By the presentation of the Hume and Tweeddale collections, Mr. Harvey’s series, which had no exact localities or dates, was superseded, and most of the specimens have been given away to other Museums. 29 birds from Halmahéra, and other islands in the Malay Archipelago, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace. 1866. 122 specimens presented ; 336 purchased. Total, 458. In this year were acquired :— 66 birds from Upper Amazonia, from Mr. Edward Bartlett’s expedition to the River Amazon, being the first set of his collection [ef. Scl. and Salv., P.Z.S., 1867, pp. 748-759]. 68 nests from North America. Presented by Osbert Salvin, Esq. 256 Zoology. : 1867. Specimens presented, 95 ; purchased, 266. Total, 361. 66 Domestic Pigeons and Ducks. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. These specimens were valuable, as having served the cele- brated author as evidence for his work on the “ Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication.” 1868. Specimens presented, 18; purchased, 274. Total, 292. The only noteworthy acquisition in this year was that of 126 birds, duplicates from Mr. Osbert Salvin’s expedition to Central America. 1869. 628 specimens presented ; 217 purchased. Total, 845. 476 birds from Abyssinia, collected by Dr. W. T. Blanford. Presented by the Government of India. This was the second set of specimens from the collection made by Dr. Blanford, the naturalist appointed to the Abyssinian expedition. After the storming of Magdala he visited the Anseba Valley in Bogos Land accompanied by Mr. W. Jesse. The first series resulting from this expedition was retained by the Indian Museum in Calcutta, but a very generous selection was presented by the latter institution to the National Collection. 106 eggs of South African birds. Presented by E. L. Layard, Esq., at that time the Director of the South African Museum at Cape Town. 1870. 261 specimens presented ; 184 purchased. Total, 445. 135 birds from the Pacific Islands. Presented by Julius Brenchley, Esq. Mr. Brenchley accompanied Sir William Wiseman on the eruise of the Curacao in the Pacific. The vessel visited several islands hitherto unexplored, and many new species were procured. 66 birds from the West Indian Islands. Presented by Mrs. Bryant. Dr. Bryant was a celebrated American naturalist, who travelled throughout the West Indies, and, on his death, be- Birds. 957 queathed his collection to be divided between certain museums and well-known ornithologists, in order that these should benefit by his labours.» In England, the British Museum, Dr. Sclater, Mr. Salvin and Dr. F. D. Godman were selected, and thus a full series from Dr. Bryant’s collection is now in the Natural History Museum. 1871. 14 specimens presented ; 94 purchased. Total, 108. 23 birds from Hainan, collected by Consul Robert Swinhoe. These were duplicate specimens from Consul Swinhoe’s Hainan collection, recorded by him in the “Ibis” for 1870 (pp. 77-97, 230-256, 342-367). The full collection was bequeathed by Mr. Henry Seebohm in 1897. 40 birds from Central Chili, collected by Mr. E. C. Reed. 1872. 368 presented ; 596 purchased. Total, 964. In September of this year I was appointed Assistant in the Zoological Department of the British Museum, in charge of the ornithological collection, in succession to Mr. George Robert Gray, who died in May, 1872. My first care was to enlist the aid of all my personal friends for the increase of the national collection, with the results recorded in the succeeding years. 44 birds from Southern Spain. Presented by Colonel L. H. Irby. 68 birds from South Africa. Bequeathed by the late Sir Andrew Smith. 178 birds from Archangel, and other localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. 22 Gyr-falcons and Peregrine Falcons. Purchased of Mr. John Gould. : 23 birds from Accra, W. Africa, and 17 birds from Avington, Hampshire, Presented by Capt. G. E. Shelley. 1873. 1571 specimens presented ; 4707 purchased. Total, 6278. This year was celebrated for the acquisition of the Wallace and Monteiro collections, and for several other donations from my personal friends, Captain Shelley, Mr. A. Swanzy, Colonel J. Hayes Lloyd, Commander Sperling, and Dr. Blanford, all of VOL. II. S 258 Zoology. them contributing towards the accomplishment of the “ Catalogue of Birds,” which Dr. Giinther had then inaugurated. 2474 specimens from the Malay Archipelago, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace, and containing the types of all the new species described by Mr. G. R. Gray and Dr. A. R. Wallace himself. 27 Hawks and Owls from the River Amazon, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace (cf. Sclater and Salvin, P.Z.S., 1867, pp. 589, 590). Dr. Wallace allowed the Museum to acquire his Amazonian collection of Accipitres for the purposes of the ‘ Catalogue of Birds.” The remainder of his South American collection passed into the possession of Dr. F. D. Godman, and was afterwards presented by him with the rest of his great collection. 671 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. 33 birds from Avington, Hants, and 117 from Egypt, etc. Presented by Captain G. E. Shelley. 18 specimens from the Fanti country in Western Africa. Presented by Andrew Swanzy, Esq. 41 specinens from Bogos Land, collected by Mr. Esler. Purchased. 97 specimens from various localities. Presented by John Gould, Esq. 107 birds from Kattiawar. Presented by Colonel J. Hayes Lloyd. This collection was described by the donor in the ‘“ Ibis ” for 1875 (pp. 397-421), and his memoir is still the only detailed account of the ornithology of this part of India. 62 birds from Belgium. Presented by the Brussels Museum. 42 birds from Bahia (Wucherer), 8. Ural (Strader), and other localities. Purchased of Mr. Gerrard. 39 birds from the Lower Congo. Presented by Commander R. M. Sperling. This collection was described by me in the “ Proceedings of the Zoological Society ” for 1873 (pp. 716-717). A new Goatsucker was named Macrodipteryx sperlingi, but it afterwards proved to be only the female of Cosmetornis vewxillarius. 179 birds from Angola and Benguela, collected by Mr. J. J. Monteiro. This collection contained types of the new species, described by the late Dr. G. Hartlaub and myself. 18 specimens from various localities, including the type of a new species of Owlet, Glaucidium tephronotum. Presented by W. Wilson Saunders, Esq. i Birds. 959 1874. 1227 specimens presented ; 1084 purchased ; 325 received in exchange. Total, 2636. The most important accessions were :— 683 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. 321 specimens from Baluchistan and Persia, collected by Dr. W. 'T. Blanford. Presented by the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 603 specimens of African birds. Purchased. These were the first and second instalments of my collection of African birds, which I had to dispose of on entering the Govern- ment service, no officer of the British Museum being allowed to keep a private collection of the group of animals of which he is in charge in the Museum. 99 birds from Sweden, collected by Mr. Meves. Purchased. 35 specimens of Accipitres from the collection of Consul Robert Swinhoe. Purchased. 11 birds from Zambesia. Presented by Sir John Kirk. 59 birds from Peru and Siberia. Received in exchange from the Warsaw Museum. 25 birds from Egypt and the Egyptian Sudan. Presented by Sir Samuel Baker. The types of a new species of Raven from Morocco (Corvus tingitanus, Irby). Presented by Colonel L. H. Irby. 45 birds from the Cape Verde Islands, Gaboon, and Sene- gambia. Purchased of Mr. A. Bouvier. 62 specimens in spirits from Gaboon. Presented ‘by H. T. Ansell, Esq. 1875. Specimens presented, 908 ; purchased, 1194. Total, 2102. 440 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. 156 birds from Kamptee, Central India. Presented by Dr. R. B. Hinde. 81 birds from New Zealand. Received in exchange from the Colonial Museum, Wellington. 180 birds from the Transvaal and Orange River Colony. Collected by F. A. Barratt, Esq. 591 African birds from Dr. Bowdler Sharpe’s collection. Purchased. Ss 2 260 Zooloqy. 1876. Specimens presented, 2372; purchased, 1656. Total, 4028. 100 specimens from Europe and Asia. Purchased of Mr. John Gould. 1246 birds from the North-Western Himalayas and Malacca. Presented by Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill. 110 specimens of birds, nests, and eggs, collected in the Island of Rodriguez during the Transit of Venus expedition by the Rey. H. H. Slater and Mr. G. Gulliver. Presented by the Royal Society. 200 birds from Upper Burma, collected by Dr. John Anderson during the Yun-nan expedition. Presented by the Indian Museum, Caleutta. 300 birds from Western North America, collected during the North American Boundary Commission (49th parallel), by Professor G. Dawson. Presented by the Foreign Office. 151 birds from British North Borneo, and the Island of Labuan, collected by Sir Hugh Low. 750 African birds, being the fourth instalment of Dr. Bowdler Sharpe’s collection. Purchased. 22 birds and 114 eggs collected in Kerguelen Island by the Rey. A. E. Eaton during the Transit of Venus expedition. Presented by the Royal Society. 77 birds from the Philippine Islands. Collected by Professor J. B. Steere. 1ST: Specimens presented, 845; purchased, 1006. Total, 1851. Of special interest were :— 138 birds from Kingwilliamstown, East Cape Colony. Pre- sented by Major H. Trevelyan. 53 birds from China. Presented by the Shanghai Museum. 25 birds from British New Guinea, collected by O. C. Stone, Ksq. 12 birds from British New Guinea, collected by Dr. James. 3 birds, all new to the collection. Received in exchange from the Darmstadt Museum. 600 African birds, being the fourth instalment of Dr, Bowdler Sharpe’s collection. Purchased. 144 birds from Labuan and North West Borneo, collected by Governor Ussher. —_— Birds. 261 265 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. 87 birds from the Pacific Islands. Purchased from the Godettroy Museum. 87 birds from Queensland and Abeokuta, West Africa. Presented by Francis Nicholson, Esq. 54 birds collected by Colonel H. W. Feilden, C.b., during the voyage of the Alert and Discovery to the Arctic NKegions. Presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. 1878. Specimens presented, 989 ; purchased, 1956. Total, 2925. The acquisitions of special interest were : — 163 birds from the Ellice Islands, Fiji Islands, and Samoa. Purchased of the Rey. 8. J. Whitmee. 115 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. 108 birds from Uruguay and Argentina, collected by Mr. Alan Peel. 82 birds from the Congo River, West Africa, and from Kessang, Malay Peninsula. Purchased of M. A. Bouvier. 308 birds from Cochin China. Presented by M. E. Pierre. 46 birds from the Arctic Regions, collected by Colonel H. W. Feilden, C.B. (H.M.S. Alert). Presented by the Lords Com- missioners of the Treasury. 82 birds and eggs from Discovery Bay, collected by Mr. H. Chichester Hart (H.M.S8. Discovery). Presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. 88 birds from Ceylon. Presented by Colonel Vincent Legge 121 birds from West Java. Presented by Francis Nicholson, Esq. 12 birds from the interior of Viti Levu, collected by Dr. Kleinschmidt. Purchased from the Godeffroy Museum. 1038 African birds, being the fifth instalment of Dr. Bowdler Sharpe’s collection. Purchased. 200 birds from Western Siberia and Turkestan, being the first set of the specimens obtained by Dr. Finsch on_ his expedition into Siberia. 1879. Specimens presented, 3128 ; purchased, 332. Total, 3460. Of special interest were the following items :— 52 birds from East Africa, collected by Dr. Hildebrandt. 262 Zoology: 68 birds from South Eastern New Guinea, collected by Mr. Kendal Broadbent. Purchased of Mr. Gerrard. 1858 birds from various localities in the Old World. Presented by Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S., and Mr. Osbert Salvin, F.R.S. ; 360 birds from Matabeleland and the Zambesi, collected by the late Mr. Frank Oates. Presented by his brothers, W. E. and C. G. Oates, Esqrs. 700 birds from the British Indian Empire, including several types from the Indian Museum. Presented by the Secretary of State for India. 65 birds from the Straits of Magellan, collected by Dr. Coppinger (Voy. H.M.S. Alert). Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 1880. Specimens presented, 6002; purchased, 1080. ‘Total, 7082. 4731 birds from the British Indian Empire, including 112 types of species from the Indian Museum. Presented by the Secretary of State for India. 201 birds from Travancore, collected by Mr. Frank Bourdillon. 91 skins and skeletons of birds from the Straits of Magellan, collected by Dr. Coppinger (Voy. H.M.S. Alert). Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 43 birds collected by Carl Hunstein in South East New Guinea. Purchased of Mr. Gerrard. 1021 birds and eggs, collected during the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Presented by the Lords of the Treasury. 318 nests and eggs of birds from North West Borneo. Presented by Sir Hugh Low. 12 birds from Duke of York Island, New Britain, New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands, including 9 species new to the Museum, collected by E. L. and L. C. Layard, Esqrs. 1881. Specimens presented, 3032 ; purchased, 7102. Total, 10,154. 108 skeletons and 205 skins of birds from the collection of the late T. C. Eyton, Esq. 56 specimens of Thrushes. Presented by Henry Seebohm, Ksq. 123 birds from Nepal and Gilgit. Presented by Dr. J. Seully. Birds. 263 83 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. 66 birds from the Island of Socotra, collected by Professor I. Bayley Balfour. Presented by the British Association. 97 birds from Duke of York Island, collected by the Rev. G. Brown. 6315 skins of birds, being the private collection of the late John Gould. The mounted series of Humming Birds from the collection of the late John Gould. The collection of skins of Humming Birds from the collection of the late John Gould. 9 specimens from the Eastern Narra, Sind. Presented by Scrope Doig, Esq. 68 birds from various parts of Great Britain. Presented by Theodore Walker, Esq. 17 specimens of Timeliide from Burma, collected by Colonel R. G. Wardlaw Ramsay. 260 additional specimens from the North West Himalayas and Malacca. Presented by Capt. Stackhouse Pinwill. 85 birds from the North West Provinces, India. Presented by Colonel Way. 19 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Coppinger. 48 birds from Egypt and Algeria. Presented by J. H. Gurney, Hsq., jun. 1394 birds from Queensland, collected by Mr. T. J. Cockerell. Presented by Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, Esq., F.R.S. 21 birds from the Solomon Islands and Seychelles, collected by Lieut. G. H. Richards, R.N. 11 birds from the New Hebrides. Purchased from the Godeffroy Museum. 341 birds from Kandahar. Presented by Colonel Charles Swinhoe. 106 birds from California. Presented by Lord Walsingham. 200 birds from Gilgit. Presented by Colonel John Biddulph. ; 1882. Specimens presented, 1293; purchased, 2593. Total, 3886. Of special interest were the following accessions :— 31 nests, 392 eggs, and 31 sterna of birds from Pegu. Presented by Eugene W. Oates, Esq. 1544 birds from Pegu, including 32 new species to the Museum, collected by Eugene W. Oates, Esq. 264 Zoology. 127 birds from the Islands of Torres Straits and Queensland, collected by Dr. Coppinger (Voy. H.M.S. Alert). Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 546 birds, eggs, and skeletons from Madagascar, collected by the Rev. Deans Cowan. 190 birds from various localities. Presented by Henry Seebohm, Esq. 1883. Specimens presented, 622; purchased, 327; exchanged, 107. Total, 1056, Specially important were :— 13 specimens of Timeliide from the Philippine Islands and Burma. Presented by Colonel R. G. Wardlaw Ramsay. 28 birds from South East New Guinea, collected by Mr. A. Goldie. 95 birds from Tenasserim, collected by Colonel C. T. Bingham. 103 birds from the Tenimber Islands, with types of 21 new species, collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes. Presented by the British Association. 40 birds from the Nilghiri Hills. Presented by W. Davison, Esq. 77 birds from the Lawas River in North West Borneo, collected by Mr. F. Burbidge. Presented by Harry Veitch, Esq. 13 specimens of Malayan birds, including 8 species new to the collection. Presented by the Leyden Museum. 64 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe. {4 birds from Brighton. Purchased of Mr. Henry Swaysland. 23 birds from theGold Coast. Presented by Sir Alfred Moloney. 74 specimens of British birds, chiefly Limicole, from the collection of Mr. J. Edmund Harting. 107 specimens from New South Wales. — in exchange from the Australian Museum, Sydney. 32 birds from Japan. Presented by Captain Blakiston. 1884. Specimens presented, 5954 ; purchased, 1320. Total, 5274. 426 birds from Nigeria, and a collection of Weaver-Birds (Ploceide) and Finches (Fringillide). Bequeathed by the late W. A. Forbes, Esq. 19 birds from Ashanti, West Africa. Presented by Sir Godfrey Lagden. 254 birds from Nagasaki, Japan. Presented by F. Ringer, Esq. Birds. 265 13 birds from the Solomon Islands, including 7 species new to the collection. Purchased from Mr. Cockerell. 27 birds from Japan. Presented by Captain Blakiston. 795 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. 64 birds from Zambesia. Presented by Sir John Kirk. 31 skeletons of Petrels, collected by the naturalists of H.M.S. Challenger. Presented by the Lords of the Treasury. 128 birds from the Niam-niam country in Equatorial Africa, collected by Mr. F. Bohndorff. 27 birds from Bouru and other islands in the Moluccas, collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes. 731 specimens of American Passeres from the collection of Dr. P. L. Sclater (Hirundinide, Mniotiltidee, Cerebide), including 34 types and 56 species new to the Museum. The first and second instalments of the Sclater collection. 38 eggs from Tenasserim. Presented by Colonel C.T. Bingham. 25 birds from Italy. Presented by Professor H. H. Giglioh. 69 birds and eggs from Corsica, including the type of a new species of Nuthatch (Sitta whiteheadi). Presented by John Whitehead, Esq. 90 birds from the Nilghiri Hills. Presented by W. R. Davison, Esq. 826 eggs from various localities. Presented by Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S., and Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, F-.R.5. 8 birds from Aden. Presented by Colonel Yerbury. 198 eggs from Pegu. Presented by Eugene W. Oates, Esq. 332 birds from Mbhow, C. India. Presented by Colonel Charles Swinhoe. 138 specimens of Swallows (Hirundinide) and American Warblers (Mniotiltide) from various parts of North America. Presented by the U. 8. National Museum. 579 eggs from various localities. rom the collection of the late John Gould, Esq. 1885. Specimens presented, 87,827 ; purchased, 3024. Total, 90,551. The chief event of this year was the presentation by Mr. Allan O. Hume, C.B., of his famous collection (59,612) of Indian birds, and their eggs (15,965). This was the largest private collection at that time in the world. Other accessions of great interest were :— 2365 eggs from various localities. Presented by Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S., and Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S. 266 Zoology. 910 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe. 36 birds from France. Presented by Edward Hargitt, Esq., R.I. 183 eggs from Betsileo in Madagascar. Presented by the Rev. Deans Cowan. 227 specimens of Finches (Fringillide) and Hang-nests (Icte- ride), Presented by the U.S. National Museum. 24 birds from Aden and Lahej. Presented by Colonel Yerbury. 2281 specimens of American Passeres—(Icteride, Tanagride, Fringillidz), the third, fourth and fifth instalments of the Sclater collection. 189 birds from Fao in the Persian Gulf. Presented by W. D. Cumming, Esq. 31 birds from the island of Palawan in the Philippines, collected by E. Lempriére, Esq. 75 birds from Mt. Kilimanjaro in German East Africa, col- lected by Sir Harry Johnston, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. Presented by the British Association. : 66 birds from Muscat. Presented by Colonel Miles. 31 birds from Ceylon. Presented by Colonel Vincent Legge. 354 birds from Argentina, collected by the late Henry Durnford, Esq. 1157 eggs from various localities ; continuation of the collection of the late John Gould, Esq. 6895 birds (Turdide and Fringillidx), being the first twelve instalments of their Neotropical collection. Presented by Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S., and Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, Esq., F.R.S. 1886. Specimens presented, 2524; purchased, 1496. Total, 4020. Of special interest were the following :— 480 birds, principally Hawks and Owls. Presented by Henry Seebohm, Esq. 516 birds from various localities, purchased from the collection of the late Sir William Jardine. : 802 American birds (Turdidx, Mimidz, Troglodytidz), being the sixth, seventh, and eighth instalments of the Sclater collection. 143 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. ' 35 birds from the South Atlantic, principally from the island of S. Trinidad. Presented by the Earl of Crawford, K.T., F.R.S. ~— Birds. 267 84 birds from Bushire, 8S. Persia. Presented by A. J. V. Palmer, Esq. 230 birds from Afghanistan, collected by Dr. Aitchison. Presented by the Afghan Delimitation Commission. 45 birds from 8. Manchuria. Presented by Sir Evan James. 33 birds from the mountains of Perak. Presented by L. Wray, Esq., jun. 1073 birds from Yucatan and the adjacent islands, collected by Dr. G. F. Ganmer, and presented by Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S., and Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S. (thirteenth instalment). 1887. Specimens presented, 25,206; purchased, 703; received in exchange, 60. Total, 25,969. The year 1887 was memorable for the presentation by Colonel R. G. Wardlaw Ramsay of the splendid collection of Asiatic birds bequeathed to him by his uncle, the 9th Marquess of Tweeddale. Other notable additions were :— 24 birds from the Solomon Islands, including the types of 3 species. Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater. 35 birds from the Solomon Islands, including 8 species new to the Museum and the type of Macrocorax woodfordi, collected by C. M. Woodford, Esq. 241 birds from various localities. Presented by Dr. Bowdler Sharpe. 7) birds from 8.E. New Guinea, collected by the Hon. Hugh Romilly. Presented by the Exhibition Commissioners of Queensland. 35 birds from the mountains of Camaroons, W. Africa, collected by Sir Harry Johnston, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. Presented by the British Association. 82 birds from California and Arizona. Presented by G. Frean Morcom, Esq. 23 birds from China, including types of two species described by the donor. Presented by F. W. Styan, Esq. 485 Humming Birds, being the ninth instalment of the Sclater collection. 19 birds from the mountains of Perak in the Malay Peninsula. Presented by L. Wray, Esq., jun. 192 birds from Derby, N.W. Australia. Presented by Captain Bowyer-Bower. Collected by his son, the late T. H: Bowyer- Bower, Esq. 268 Zoology. 6 birds from New Ireland, including the types of three new species, collected by Dr. Otto Finsch. 37 birds from 8. Manchuria. Presented by Sir Evan James. 17 birds from the Congo, collected by Mr. F. Bohndorff. 342 birds from Equatorial Africa. Presented by Emin Pasha. 5 birds from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, collected during the voyage of the Flying Fish. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 60 birds from the Caucasus and other parts of the Russian Kmpire. Received in exchange from the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 539 Cuckoos and 36 Petrels from various localities, including the type of Cymochorea monorhis. Presented by Henry Seebohm, Esq. 25 birds from the Sudan. Presented by Colonel Willughby Verner. 183 birds from East Africa, including the types of Ploceus jacksoni, Sylviella minima, and Campothera pallida. Presented by F. J. Jackson, Esq., C.B., C.M.G. 3335 specimens of American Corvide, Trochilide, and Acci- pires, being the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth instalments of their Neotropical collection. Presented by Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S., and Dr. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S. 1888. Specimens presented, 20,392; purchased, 1986; received in exchange, 50. Total, 22,408. (tig : ; ; Special mention may be made of the following accessions :— 1718 specimens of T'yrannide, Cotingide, and Pipride, including no less than 117 types of species, being the tenth instalment of the Sclater collection. 44 birds from East Africa, Presented by F. J. Jackson, Esq., Gig acre @ A I Oo 57 birds from the island of Guadalcanar, Solomon Archipelago, including the types of 13 new species. Collected by C. M. Woodford, Esq. 68 birds from Guadalcanar. Presented by C. M. Woodford, Esq. 5408 specimens of Tyrannide, Pipride, Cotingide, Striges, Picariz, etc., being the seventeenth to twenty-ninth instalments of their Neotropical collection. Presented by Osbert Salvin, Esq., F.R.S., and Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S. Birds. 269 15,526 specimens of skins and eggs of North American birds, forming the Hanshaw collection. Presented by Dr. F. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S. 13 birds from Muscat. Presented by Surgeon-Colonel Jayakar. 198 birds from various localities. Presented by Henry See- bohm, Esq. 26 birds from Dominica, collected by Mr. Ramage. Presented by the West Indian Committee of the Royal Society. 19 Cormorants and Shags from Fowey, Cornwall. Presented by Dr. A. Giinther. 76 birds from the mountains of Perak. Presented by im ‘ Birds. 299 Mr. Ansell was a personal friend of my own, whom I requested to send any specimens of birds he might be able to procure. He was a merchant on the River Danger or Ogowé, in Gaboon, and was first introduced to me by Mr. J. J. Monteiro. In the years 1873-1874 the Museum received seven small consignments from him, comprising 106 specimens. He managed to obtain several rare species, one being a remarkable Lark- heeled Cuckoo (Centropus anselli, Sharpe), and an interesting Bush-Shrike (Dryoscopus liihderi, Reichenow), which had been procured about the same time by Dr. Liihder in the Camaroons, and described by Dr. Reichenow a few weeks before my description of Dryoscopus ruficeps, of which the type was sent by Mr. Ansell, appeared. Ansorge (Dr. W. J.). 26 specimens from Uganda. Purchased. [96. 7. 14, 1-26.] 232 specimens from Benguela. Purchased. [1905, 11. 22, 1-252.] Dr. Ansorge is an excellent naturalist, and his collections from Equa- torial Africa and Angola are in the Hon. Walter Rothschild’s Museum at Tring. He has sent some large collections from Benguela to the British Museum. (See his book “ Under the African Sun,” 1899.) Anstey (Lieut.). 31 birds from Kingwilliamstown, 8. E. Africa. Presented. [77. 8. 1, 1-33. This was the only collection received from this gallant young officer, who was associated with Major Trevelyan in his efforts to procure specimens of natural history for the British Museum. A year after the receipt of the above collection, Lieut. Anstey was killed at the battle of Isandhlwana. Antarctic Expedition. See ADMIRALTY (LorDs OF THE); Roya Socrery. 2 The first collections were received through the Council of the Royal ociety. 78 specimens from Kerguelen Land. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. [41. 4, 748-791.] 119 specimens from the Antarctic Ocean, New Zealand, Auckland Islands, Tasmania, Campbell Island, St. Paul’s Rocks, etc. [42. 12. 16, 1-119.] Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. Several “ duplicates” were “ returned,” presumably to Dr. McCormick. 224 specimens from the Falkland Islands, Antarctic pack-ice, New Zealand, etc. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. [44. 1. 18, 1-218; 44. 3. 20, 1-6.] No detailed memoir of the birds procured during the Antarctic expedition of the Hrebus and Terror was published at the time of its return, but many species were mentioned in the early Museum Catalogues. Sir Joseph Hooker was naturalist to the expedition, and the doctors on board the two ships were also good collectors and observers, viz., Dr. McCormick, Dr. Robertson, and Dr. Lyall. Dr. McCormick’s excellent notes appeared in Gould’s “ Birds of Australia” and “ Hand- book”; and shortly before his death, which only took place a few years ago, the old veteran, who had accompanied Ross on both his Polar voyages, wrote his memoirs.* The “Zoology of the Voyage of the Erebus and Terror” gives an account of the birds of New Zealand. It was published in 1844 and * “Voyages of Discovery in the Arctic and Antarctic Seas.” 2 vols. 8vo. 1884. 300 Zoology. 1845. Thirty-five coloured plates accompanied the memoir, but some of them are not referred to in the letterpress. These plates seem to me to have been drawn by D. W. Mitchell, who was about that date engaged with G. R. Gray in illustrating the “ Genera of Birds.” Some few are by Wolf. When the “ Appendix” was published in 1875 I re-wrote the list of the “ Birds of New Zealand” and brought the subject up to date, and was also able to issue some fine plates of Antarctic species. These Dr. J. E. Gray had apparently intended to publish, and they had remained in his room for many years, until Mr. E. W. Janson bought the stock and published the “ Appendix.” Antarctic Expedition, British. See NEwNEs, Sir GEORGE. Antarctic Expedition Committee of the Royal Geo- graphical Society and the Royal Society. 27 birds and eggs from 8. Trinidad Island, including the type of Aistralata wilsoni, collected by Dr. E. A. Wilson, of the Discovery. [1905. 12. 30, 130-156.] 78 birds from Macquarie Island, Auckland Islands and Antarctic Ocean. [1905. 12. 30, 157-234.] 124 birds and eggs, including those of the Emperor Penguin, from Victoria Land and other parts of the Antarctic continent, collected by Dr. E. A. Wilson. [1905. 12. 30, 285-358, 393-412.] 30 birds from the Antarctic Seas and Victoria Land, collected by Dr. G. A. Davidson on the relief ship Morniny. Anthony (A. W.). 61 specimens of birds and eggs, mostly from the Revillagigedo Islands. Presented. [97. 11. 10, 1-61.] This young American naturalist has done very important work among the birds of the Pacific coast of North America, and especially in California and the islands which lie to the south of this portion of the continent. Aplin (Otiver V.). 218 birds and eggs from Uruguay. Purchased. [97. 12. 2, 1-218.] This collection is described by Mr. Aplin in his paper on the “ Birds of Uruguay” in the “ Ibis” for 1894 (pp. 149-215, pl. v., eggs), and from the excellence of the author’s field-notes on the species observed by him, the collection was of considerable value. Argent. 38 specimens from North America. Purchased. [43. 7. 20, 1-38.] 16 Cy » Italy 7 [43. 12. 1, 1-16.] 2440 Cy » Mexico 33 [43. 12. 19, 1-29.] Type of Chrysotis Jinschi (Scl.). BOLE 59 » Mexico e (44. 4. 1, 12-47.] 2 s »» Shetland Isles 53 [44. 4. 10, 1-2.] Lf eT 5s » Cape Colony [44. 10. 19, 60-73.] Ib » » Bogota E [45. 2. 19, 1-15.] ll, » Africa i [45. 3. 27, 1-11.] 19» » Natal 4 [45. 6. 24, 1-19.] 20s, » Australia ‘ [45. 11. 17, 2-21.] 30, yy » Brazil ; [45. 11. 19, 1-30.] EPs » Mexico 5: [46. 1. 16, 1-7.] Birds. 301 3 specimens from Europe Purchased. [46. 5. 29, 1-3.] 8 a » Australia _ [46. 6. 5, 1-8.] 20, » Mexico + [4a. 2. 26) 1-20; | LS ee » Mexico = [47. 3. 10, 1-14.] 2205 » India 5 (48) .3. 3, 1-22.) ees) » N. W. America ie [45. 6. 8, 1-24.) 24 Cy » India * [49. 1. 15, 1-24.] 53 5 » West Africa * [50. 11. 18, 1-53.] ie Trinidad x [52. 2. 3, 1-11.] The type of Globicera rubricera (Gray). [52.:5..14; 1.) 14 specimens from South America * [52. 11. 27, 1-14.] 12 2 » south America 3 [54. 2. 2, 1-12. ] 57 55 » Bogota “s [54. 4. 6, 1-57. 304 Most of these specimens, from the vagueness of their locality, have been passed into the duplicates and given away to other museums, only those of historical interest being retained. Argent was a dealer in natural history objects, but was unknown to me personally. His place of business was in Bishopsgate Street, so Mr. Gerrard, sen., tells me, and he was a great collector of tortoises and reptiles, many of which were bought by Dr. J. E. Gray. The registers enumerate 500 specimens of birds as purchased from Argent, but the localities were not very precise, though they were con- sidered good enough for the days in which he flourished. Thus we read of “ North America” in the first purchase made in July 1848, and he continued to supply specimens until April 1854, when the registers know his name for the last time. In 1845 the first examples (15) from Bogota are recorded, and in 1854 the Museum bought 57 specimens from the same place. These were the commencement of that endless stream of Bogota birds, now to be reckoned by millions, which have steadily come to Kurope as articles of trade down to the present day. ‘These skins are prepared by Indians in a somewhat rough manner, and are easily recog- nised by their “make.” The locality is worthless, as the hunters in the present day have to go some considerable distance into the different valleys to obtain a supply of skins for millinery purposes, so that Bogota is synonymous for a very large area. The first paper on the birds of Bogota was published by Dr. Sclaterjin the “ Proceedings” of the Zoological Society for 1855, and the collections in the Museum formed the foundation of the paper which he wrote at this time (p. 132). Argyll (H.G. the late Duke of), K.@. 7 specimens from Sicily. Presented. [97. 10. 30, 1-7.] This is apparently the only donation which the late Duke of Arg gyll made to the collection of Birds; but he was an accomplished ornithologist, and, like the present Duke, an "occasional visitor to the Bird room, Argyll (H.G. the Duke of), K.T. 3 Gannets from Argyllshire. [98. 4. 12, 1-3.] Armitage (Miss). 24 birds from British Guiana. Presented. [1904. 9. 9, 1-24.] Arnot (Capt. G. H.). 28 specimens'from Demerara. Presented. [1900. 8. 31, 1-28.] 302 Zoology. Arrigoni degli Oddi (Count E.). 100 specimens of Italian Birds. Presented. [99. 8. 12, 1-100.] Count Arrigoni degli Oddi is one of the most serious students of Palearctic ornithology of the present day, and his great work, ‘‘ Atlante Ornitologico ; Uccelli Europeicon notizie d’Indole generale et particolare,” published in 1902 (pp. 166, xxvi., 568, tav. 1.-L.), is a monumental volume which deals with the ornithology of the Western Palearctic Region in a wonderfully complete manner, at once scientific and popular. Ashmore (G. P.). 21 birds from High Peru. Presented. [99. 10. 3, 1-21.] Aubinn (Sr. Toomas Davin). A native collector on the Gold Coast, who obtained many rare species for Governor Ussher, and also sent collections to the Museum. Austen (E. E.). See CAMBRIDGE (F’. O. Prick arp). 20 birds from the River Amazon. [96. 5. 12, 1-20.] Mr. Austen, who is in charge of the section of “Diptera” in the Zoological Department, has made expeditions to the River Amazon and to Sierra Leone, by the permission of the Trustees. On the former occasion he and his companion Mr. Pickard Cambridge obtained a small series of birds. Australian Museum (Sydney, N.S.W., Professor Ropert ErHerinGE, Director). 30 birds from various parts of Australia. Presented. [77. 11. 15, 1-30.] 107 birds from Australia. In exchange. [83. 12. 18, 1-107.] This last collection formed part of the mounted series in the Aus- tralian Court at the International Fisheries Exhibition. 38 birds from N.E. Queensland. Presented. [90. 9. 19, 1-38.] Several species were new to the Museum, Collyriocincla boweri, Lopsaltria chrysorthoa, Heteromyias cinereifrons, etc. Ayres (THomas). 33 birds from Natal. [59. 5. 16, 1-33.] Many birds from Mr. Ayres’ first collection came to the British Museum ; the eggs, obtained at the same time, passed into the hands of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, and are also in the Museum. The Accipitres obtained by Mr. Ayres were retained by Mr. John Henry Gurney, who was then forming the famous series for which the Norwich Museum is so celebrated. Mr. Gurney presented many specimens to the Museum at King’s Lynn, for which town he was then M.P., and described the whole collection in the “Ibis” for 1859, together with notes made on the birds sent to Europe by Dr. Gueinzius. Many of these latter had been purchased by the Museum through Mr. Samuel Stevens. Between 1859 and 1873 Mr. Gurney published no less than eleven lists of the birds sent by Mr. Ayres* from Natal. When the latter moved into the Transvaal, he settled at Potchefstroom and continued his collecting, the papers being written by himself, with * Of. Ayres, Ibis, 1869, pp. 286-303; 1871, pp. 147-157, 253-270, pl. 9; 1873, pp. 280-287; 1874, pp. 101-107, pl. 3; 1876, pp. 422-433; 1877, pp. 339-354; 1878, pp. 281-301, 406-411; 1879, pp. 285-300, 389-405; 1880, pp. 99-112, 257-275. Birds. 303 critical notes by Mr. Gurney. Thirteen in all were published by Mr. Ayres, who in 1881 accompanied the late Mr. J. 8. Jameson on his expedition to Mashonaland, and wrote the field-notes on the birds obtained in this country, at that time an untrodden ground for the naturalist. Mr. Ayres’ notes on the habits of South African birds are some of the most interesting contributions ever made by an ornithologist, and as an estimate of his integrity as a man, it is only necessary to state that he was allowed to remain in peace at Potchefstroom through both the Boer wars. Cf. Gurney, “Ibis,” 1859, pp. 284-252, pl. 7; 1860, pp. 208-221; 1861, pp. 128-136; 1862, pp. 25-89, pl. 3, 149-158, pls. 4-5 ; 1868, pp. 320-330, pls. 8, 9; 1864, pp. 846-361; 1865, pp. 263- 276; 1868, pp. 40-52, pl. 2, 460-471, pl. 10; 1873, pp. 254-259. Many of Mr. Ayres’ specimens have reached the Museum through the acquisition of Capt. Shelley’s and my own collections of African birds, and they are remarkable for their fine preservation. After the death of Mr. Gurney, his son John Henry Gurney divided the remaining series bequeathed to him by his father between the British Museum and his old friend, Canon Tristram. See Gurney, J. H.; Jameson, J. 8. Ayres (T. L.). Son of the foregoing, and an excellent collector. Many of his specimens were in the Shelley and Seebohm Collections, and for some time he occupied himself in procuring a series of birds, in moult, for my especial study ; these I gave to the Museum. Ayscough (Capt. R. F.), H.M.S. Ring-dove. 4 specimens from Campbell Island, etc., including the type of Ocydromus scotti, Grant, Bull. B.O.C., xv., p. 78 (1905). Baber (Rev. H. H.). 144 specimens from Madras. Presented. [43. 10. 25, 1-144.] I have never been able to discover whether Mr. Baber was a missionary or an army chaplain. His skins were of the usual Madras or “ Coorg” make, with a paper band round their bodies. The collection must have been of great service to the Museum in 1843, as at that time we possessed scarcely any specimens of Indian birds. Baikie (Dr.). 23 specimens from Nigeria. Presented. [62. 6. 30, 12-34.] Of. Mr. Oldfield Thomas’s Report on Mammalian Collections. Bailey (Col. the Hon. J. H. R.). 2 specimens of the Common Magpie from Brecon. Presented. [1904. 6. 8, 2-3.] Bailward (W. A.). 31 specimens from Taviuni Island, Fiji Archipelago. Presented. [84. 7. 9, 1-16; 86. 7.10, 1-15.] Mr. Bailward, on two occasions, presented small collections of birds from the island of Taviuni, and among them were specimens of Chryscenas victor, Lamprolia victoriz, and its nest and eggs. Bailward (Colonel R. C.). 396 birds from Persia. Presented. [1905. 12. 27, 1-396.] 304 Zoology. Colonel Bailward served in the Royal Artillery from 1874 to 1905. He visited Persia in 1886, and again in 1889. In 1904 he made another expedition into Persia, taking with him Mr. R. B. Woosnam, who made an excellent collection of birds, which Colonel Bailward has presented to the Museum. Baker (E. C. Sruarrt). 22 specimens of eggs from Cachar. Presented. [1902. 8. 23, 1-22.] 87 specimens of eggs from Cachar. Purchased. [1902. 11. 6, 1-79; 1902. 11. 21, 1-8.] Mr. Stuart Baker is one of the best-known Indian ornithologists of the present day, and has contributed some important articles on the birds of Assam and Cachar to the “ Journal” of the Bombay Natural History Society and to the “Ibis.” Nearly all the specimens received from him were eggs previously unrepresented in the Museum collection. Baker (JOSEPH). 114 specimens of young British birds. [89. 8. 3, 1-114.] 73 birds from Cambridgeshire. [40. 6. 28, 5-22; 40. 6. 24, 48-67; 41. 6, 1672-1696; 44. 1.1, 2-3; 44. 1. 2, 1-6.] 292 birds from England. ([49. 12. 24, 2-174; 50. 2. 19, 1-55; 50. 8. 18, 1-57; 50. 8. 21, 1-13; 50. 11. 5, 8-51.] 66 nests of British birds with eggs. [51. 2. 11, 1-28; 51. 11. 25, 1-38. ip birds from England. [54. 1. 31, 1-15.] Joseph Baker was born at Melbourne, Cambridgeshire, and worked for some time for Mr. Gould. Under the direction of the latter the big Giraffe which adorned the Mammal Gallery in the old British Museum was mounted by Joseph Baker, and Mr. Edward Gerrard, sen., lent a hand in completing the work, which was considered a big undertaking in those days. After leaving Mr. Gould, Baker had his workshops in Cardington Street, where my friends the Gerrards, father and son (to whom | am indebted for much information about the naturalists of the middle of the last century), used to visit him. Towards the end of the forties a determined effort was made by Dr. John Edward Gray to improve the exhibition series of British birds in the public galleries at Bloomsbury, and the task of procuring the specimens was given to Joseph Baker, who collected most of them near his home at Melbourne, where he spent his holidays. The birds were well mounted by him, but in the conventional attitudes of the period, and most of them have been transferred to other Museums, or replaced by more naturally stuffed examples. For many years Baker was employed by Mr. George Robert Gray in mounting birds for the galleries, and as at that time it was considered to be the réle of a Museum to mount everything, without consideration as to its value, the exhibition series was alone thought of, and priceless specimens were recklessly mounted, with the result that types and other valuable specimens were exposed to the light and dust of the public galleries, where they were very soon bleached out of all recognition. When I was appointed in 1872, one of my first cares was to unmount and remove from the galleries all specimens of historical value. In many instances this interposition came too late, and irretrievable damage had been done. It will hardly be credited that I have found as many as eleven specimens of an Eagle, all in the same plumage, and all from the same place, mounted in a row on stands, and in one instance the bird had lost Birds. 305 a leg, and the limb had been replaced by a wire prop. In other instances the wings had been removed and stuck on again with glue. Such were the methods of the Museum taxidermy fifty years ago. Baker (Sir SaMvuEt). 25 specimens from Egypt and the White Nile. Presented. [74. 6. 5, 5-29.] Balfour (I. Bay.ey). 66 specimens from Sokotra. Presented by the British Association. [81. 3. 21, 1-66.] Prof. Bayley Balfour, under the auspices of the British Association, made a scientific expedition to the island of Sokotra, and obtained a very interesting series of birds, as the island had not before been visited by a naturalist. Prof. Balfour’s work was largely botanical, and his bird- skins were obtained during his journeys in search of plants. The ornithological collection was described by Dr. Sclater and Dr. Hartlaub (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, pp. 165-175, pls. xv.—xvii.), and seven new species were described, the types of which are in the Museum, viz., Cisticola incana, Drymeca hxsitata, Lanius uncinatus, Cinnyris balfouri, Passer insularis, Rhynchostruthus socotranus, Amydrus frater. The duplicates passed into Capt. Shelley’s collection, and have come with the ljatter into the hands of the Trustees, so that the entire series obtained by Prof. Balfour is now in the National Collection. See also British AssociaTIon; Oaintvie-Grant, W. R.; Forbes, Dr: H.0. Balston (W. E.). 5 nests from S.H. Australia. Presented. [1905. 9. 22, 1-5.] 374 birds from §.W. Australia, collected by G. C. Shortridge. Pre- sented. [1905. 12. 26, 1-374.] Bannermann (D. H.). 46 birds from the West Indies. Presented. [1905. 1. 11, 1-46.] 63 birds from Jamaica. Presented. [1905. 10. 14,1 65.] Barclay (G.). 74 birds from Guayaquil. Presented. [41. 2. 4, 441-513, 516.] Mr. Barclay was botanical collector on board H.M.S. Sulphur. [See Hist. Coll., i., Botany, p. 132.] Baring (Hon. Ceci) and Ogilvie-Grant (W. R.). 247 specimens of birds, nests and eggs from Madeira, the Desertas, and the Great Salvage Islands. Presented. [95. 7. 1, 1-247.] Of. Grant, “ Ibis,” 1896, pp. 41-55. Barnard (Cuarues A.). 48 egos from N. Australia, Purchased. [1900. 7. 3, 1-48.] 27 nests from British New Guinea and N. Australia. Purchased [1900. 8. 14, 1-13; 1900. 8. 16, 1—-14.] Barnes (Lieut. H. E.). 10 specimens from Aden. Presented. [92. 10. 20. 1-10.] Lieut. Barnes was a good soldier, who rose from the ranks. He served in Afghanistan, and wrote some papers for Mr. Allan Hume’s journal, “Stray Feathers,” the principal ones being “‘ Notes on the nidification of VOL. II. x 306 | Zoology. certain species in the neighbourhood of Chaman, 8. Afghanistan” (Str. F., ix., pp. 212-220), and “ A list of Birds observed in the neighbourhood of Chaman ” (t.c., pp. 449-460). He got together a fine collection of Indian birds’ eggs. On being transferred to Aden, he was much interested in the ornithology of that Peninsula, and wrote a noteworthy paper on the results of his studies in that inhospitable spot (“ Ibis,” 1893, pp. 57-84, 165-181). He also published a series of articles on the birds of the Bombay Pre- sidency in the ‘“ Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society,” illus- trated by himself [Cf. “ Ibis,” 1896, p. 162]. Baroda. See H.H. tuE GAEKWAR OF BARODA. Baron (O. T.). A German naturalist, who collected in California, and made expedi- tions to Ecuador and Peru. He mounted all his Humming-birds in the field, and a beautiful set of these birds was presented to the Museum by the Hon. Walter Rothschild. A series from his Peruvian collections was acquired by Dr. F. D. Godman and presented by him to the Museum. Other collections were sent to the Hon. Walter Rothschild. A paper was published on these collections by Mr. Osbert Salvin (Nov. Zool., ii., pp. 1-22), and 16 new species were described. Mr. Baron himself contributed some notes on the localities visited by him in Northern Peru to Mr. Roth- schild’s “ Novitates” (vol. iv., pp. 1-10), and some other new species have been described by Mr. Hellmayr (Nov. Zool., xii., p. 503, 1905). Baroody (S8.). 18 specimens from Mount Lebanon. Purchased. [94. 5. 6, 1-18.] 72 specimens from Mount Lebanon. Presented. [94. 5. 7, 1-72.] An interesting, but somewhat ill-prepared, series from the mountains of Lebanon. Barratt (F. A.). 119 birds from the Hastern Transvaal. Presented. [75. 9. 30, 1-7; 75. 10. 1, 1-112.] 61 birds from the Eastern Transvaal. Purchased. [75. 10. 7, 3-63.] This collection contained the types of two new species (Bradypterus barratti and birds from the Transvaal. Presented. [74. 4. 16, 1-13; 74. 5. 15, 1-7. Mr. Buckley accompanied Capt. Shelley on an expedition to the Gold Coast, and discovered a new Lark (Calandrella buckleyi) on that occasion (cf. “ Ibis,” 1872, pp. 281-93). He afterwards visited Matabeleland and Swaziland (ef. “ Ibis,” 1874, pp. 855-91). His Swaziland collection forms still the only foundation of our knowledge of the Avifauna of this part of South Africa. Mr. Buckley ultimately disposed of his collection to his old friend Captain Shelley, and with the Shelley Collection the whole of it has passed into the British Museum. In conjunction with Mr. Harvie-Brown, he wrote several valuable works on the ernithology of Scotland and its isles, e.g. the ‘ Vertebrate Fauna of Sutherland, Caithness, and West Cromarty,’ Edinburgh, 1887; do. Outer Hebrides, Edinburgh, 1888 ; do. of Argyll and the Inner Hebrides, Edinburgh, 1892; do. of the Moray Basin, Edinburgh, 1895. Bugle (Capi.). 36 birds from Demerara. Purchased. [99. 2. 7, 1-36.] Bullen (Rev. R. AsHineton). 2 birds from the Shiré River, Zambesi. Presented. [1904. 9. 5, 1, 2.] Buller (Sir Watter Lawry), D.Sc., F.R.S. 3 specimens (Platycercus alpinus and Larus bulleri) new to the collection. Presented. [72. 11. 22, 1,2; 72.12. 21, 1.) 1 young Megapodius pritchardi, Nuia Foou Isl., Tonga group. Pre- sented. [1904. 7. 29, 1.] 5 birds from Axim, W. Africa. Presented. [1905. 1. 22, 1-5.] Sir Walter Buller is the historian of the Avifauna of New Zealand, his native country, and two editions of his great work have been published by him. The collections on which his history is based are in the Rothschild Museum at Tring. Birds. Sou Bullock (D. S.). 30 birds from Chile. Purchased. [1905. 4. 12, 1-30.] Bullock-Webster (Rev. G. R.). A specimen of Syrnium funereum from British Columbia. Presented. [1905. 6. 27, 1.] Burbidge (F.). See Veircu, H. Mr. Burbidge was a botanical collector, who travelled in the East for Messrs. Veitch. He was at the same time a good ornithological observer, and when in N.W. Borneo he ascended the slopes of Mount Kina Balu, went up the Lawas River, and visited the Sulu islands, where he dis- covered a new Parrot (Zanygnathus burbidget). His collection was described by me (P.Z.S., 1879, pp. 245-9). Burls (H. T.). 160 birds from Buxton Co., West Virginia. Presented. [1906. 1. 20, 1-168.] Burmeister (H.). 8 birds from the Argentine Republic. Purchased. [72. 5. 31, 1-8.] The Director of the Buenos Aires Museum and author of the “ Thiere Brasiliens ” and the “ Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten, mit besonderer Riicksicht auf die physische Beschaffenheit und den Culturzustand der Argentinischen Republik.” He discovered a new species of Seriama which has been named after him Chunga burmeisteri. Burnett (Sir W.) and Fitzroy (Admiral). 188 specimens from various parts of South America. [87. 2. 21, 231-417; 37. 5. 15, 1.] These specimens were collected by Admiral Fitzroy, a celebrated meteorologist of his time (¢f. Dict. Nat. Biogr., vii., p. 414). Sir Wm. Burnett was the King’s physician, and what he had to do with the presentation of a collection made by the Admiral, I have never been able to discover. Burrows (Capt. Guy). 31 specimens from the Aruwhimi River, Upper Congo. Purchased. [1902. 5. 3, 1-81.] Among many other interesting specimens, one of Dryotriorchis batesi, the West African Serpent-EHagle, is the most noteworthy. The collection acquired by the Museum is but a small portion of that formed by Capt. Guy Burrows, only one box having reached England out of several forwarded to Antwerp for transmission to this country. [Cf. “ Land of the Pigmies, etc.,” London, 1898.] Burton (CHar.ss). 39 birds in spirit from §. Australia. Presented. [96. 9. 16, 1-39.] One of the sons of Henry Burton, a well-known taxidermist of Wardour Street, to whom many specimens of Osbert Salvin’s youthful collections were due. All the sons were clever taxidermists. Burton (Sir Ricnarp). 16 birds from Camaroons and Fernando Po. Presented. [62. 6. 22, 33; 62.12. 1, 8423; 62. 11. 28, 1.] vale 324 Zoology. 5 birds from Midian. [78. 8. 20, 1-5.] 35 birds from the Ankobra River, Wasa, Gold Coast. [82. 6. 12, 1-35.] From Sir Richard Burton, the famous traveller and Orientalist, the Museum received its first collections from the Camaroons, with some new species (Serinus burtoni, Callene isabellx, etc.) described by G. R. Gray (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) x., pp. 448-445). In conjunction with Capt. Cameron he went to the Gold Coast, and the two explorers presented a small collection from the Wasa district. (Of. “ Life of Sir Richard Burton.” By his wife, Isabel Burton ; 2 vols. 1893.] Burton (WALTER). Another son of Henry Burton. See Bowyer Bower. Bury (G. W.). See Oaitvie-Grant, W. R.; Gerrarp, E. 166 specimens from Southern Arabia. Purchased. [1902. 12. 1-82; 1902. 12. 18, 1-84; 1903. 8. 12, 1-244.] Mr. Bury was the Political Agent on the Aden Hinterland frontier, and has for some years past been exploring parts of Southern Arabia, where his knowledge of Arabic dialects has enabled him to travel as a native. During these expeditions he has made some collections of birds, which have been described by Drs. Lorenz and Hellmayr (Denkschr. Akad. Wien, Ixxi., pp. 103-21, Taf. 1; Bull. B. O. C., xii., p. 80; xiii, p. 21) and by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant. His most notable discoveries have been a new species of Rhynchostruthus, Fringillaria tdthale, Serinus rothschildi, ete. (Cf. Grant, Nov. Zool. vii., pp. 2438-278, 591, pl. x.] Butcher (S.). 108 specimens of birds and eggs from the Persian Gulf. Presented. (94. 11. 18, 1-108.] Butler (A. L.). 2 birds from Kordofan. Presented. [1904. 6. 12, 1-2.] 2 Ptilopachus fuscus young from Kordofan. Presented. [1904. 7. 6, 1-2.] Son of Colonel A. E. Butler, and, like his father, a first-rate preserver of mammals and birds. He has worked chiefly in the upper regions of Egypt and the Nile, and has contributed to the “Ibis” for 1895 an important paper on the ornithology of the Egyptian Soudan (cf. “ Ibis,” 1905, pp. 301-401). He is now Superintendent of Game Preservation under the Egyptian Government. Butler (ArtHuR GarpDINER), Ph.D. A Java Sparrow (Padda oryzivora), pied variety, bred in confine- ment. [1904. 2. 5, 1.] 2 Weaver-Finches (Quelea quelea, Txniopygia castanotis), bred in confinement. Presented. [1904. 3. 1,1; 1904. 5. 8, 1.] A young Diamond Dove (Geopelia cuneata), died in captivity. Pre- sented. [1905. 7. 29, 1.] A white variety of the Common Robin (Lrithacus rubecula). Pre- sented. [1905. 9. 21, 1.] Butler (Col. E. A.). 70 birds from Mount Abu, Western India. Presented. [89. 1. 9, 1-70.] 9 birds from Suffolk. Presented. [98. 1. 27, 1-9.] Birds. 325 Colonel Butler is one of the most artistic preservers of specimens that I have ever known, every single skin of his collections having been prepared with the most scrupulous care. His entire Indian series, save a few skins which he presented direct to our Museum, passed into the hands of Mr. Allan Hume, and some important papers were published on the collections (“Stray Feathers,” iii., pp. 437-500 ; ix., pp. 867-442). During the first Boer War he served with his regiment in Natal, and made a collection of birds, now in the Shelley collection. Interesting notes on these birds were published in the “Zoologist ” for 1882 (pp. 165-460). Colonel Butler has also published two very useful memoirs, viz., “Catalogue of the Birds of Sind, Cutch, etc.,” 1879 (pp. 1-83), “ Catalogue of the Birds of the southern portion of the Bombay Presidency,” 1880 (pp. 1-114). Biuttikofer (Dr. J.). See Franx, G. A. A Swiss naturalist, who was for some years attached to the Leyden Museum as Professor Schlegel’s ornithological assistant. He has travelled extensively in Liberia, where, after enduring great hardships, he procured a fine collection of mammals and birds from this region of West Africa. From this celebrated exploration the British Museum obtained a few duplicates through the agency of Mr. G. A. Frank (cf. Biittikofer ** Reisebilde,” 2 vols., published in 1890). He also conducted an expedition into the mountains of Dutch N.W. Borneo (cf. Notes, Leyden Museum, vii., viii., x., xi., xii.). He is now _ the Director of the Zoological Gardens at Rotterdam. Buxton (Rev. H. F.). 68 birds from Mombasa. Presented. [82. 12. 3, 1-68.] Calcutta Museum. See Inpra Museum, Catcurra; ANDERSON, Dr. Joun; etc. Cambridge (F. O. Pickarp). See AUSTEN, EH. C. 20 specimens from the River Amazon. [96. 5. 12, 1-20.] Cameron (E. 8.). 12 Birds of Prey and Ducks from Montana. [91. 7. 18, 1-9; 91. 8. 13, 1-3,] ‘The series includes very interesting specimens, the various plumages of Buteo swainsoni, etc. Cameron (Capi.). See Burton, Sir RicuarpD. Campbell (C. W.), H.B.M. Consul in Corea. 96 birds from Corea. Presented. [91. 10,13, 1-75; 91.10. 19, 1-21.] 52 birds from the neighbourhood of Pekin. [1901. 5. 20, 1-52.] Cf. Seebohm, “ Ibis,” 1894, p. 338. Suthora longicauda, and other species described. ‘The collection forms part of the Seebohm Bequest to the British Museum. Campbell (W. McOrav.). 3 young Iceland Falcons. Presented. [1901. 9. 4, 1; 1903. 4. 9, 1-2.] 326 Zoology. Canada, Government of. 27 specimens from Canada. [90. 3. 13, 1-27.] These were some of the birds exhibited in the Imperial Institute by the Canadian Government. Carruthers (D.). 5 birds from Canada and a Goldfinch from Malta. Presented. [1905. 9. 23, 1-5.] 88 birds from the Syrian Desert, including the type of Hmberiza citriniventris, Sclater. Purchased. [1905. 10.11, 1-88.] Carter (Tom). 9 birds, including 4 species new to the Museum, from Western Australia. Presented. [1900. 5. 8, 1-8; 1901. 1. 24, 1.] 630 eggs of Australian birds. Purchased. [1903. 11. 4, 1-613.] Mr. Carter is the discoverer of several new species in Western Australia (Eremiornis carteri, Thalassogeron carteri, etc.). Cassels (Capt. Kmunner). A Tragopan (Ceriornis blythi) from Manipur. Presented. [1904. 4, 22, 1.] Cavendish (H. 8. H.). 53 specimens from Mozambique. Presented. [98. 11. 18, 1-53.] On this expedition Mr. Cavendish was accompanied by Mr. E. Dodson as his assistant. A new species of Weaver Finch (Estrilda cavendishi) was discovered, and a Swallow (Psalidoprocne percivali) was new to the collection; ef. Sharpe, Ibis, 1900, pp. 109-115. Mr. Cavendish’s exploration of the Lake Rudolf region is described in the Geographical Journal, xi., No. 4, pp. 872-396 (1898). Cavendish Taylor (E.). See TAyiLor. Cazalet (Rev. A.). 2 Finches from Russia. Presented. [1905. 6. 23, 1-2.] 2 specimens of the Rose-coloured Pastor and Gouldian Finch. Presented. [1905. 7. 7, 1-2.] 2 Weaver Finches. Presented. [1905. 9. 14, 1-2.] Challenger, Voyage of H.M.S. 1172 specimens of birds, skeletons and eggs. Presented by the Lords of the Treasury. [80. 11. 18, 1-795; 80. 12. 3, 1-226; 81. 4. 16, 4-8; 82. ae 1; 84. 2. 29, 1-31; 90. 5. 5, 1-18; 90, 11. 3, 1-21;.98. 7. 1, 1-15. The results of this celebrated voyage have been recorded in the volumes of the “Challenger Expedition.” Vol. ii. deals with the ornithological collections, which were placed in the hands of Dr. Sclater for description. 381 species of birds were added to the British Museum, including the types of 12 new species. Cf. T'weeddale, “Rep. Sci. Results Voy. Challenger,” ii., Zool., Birds, pp. 5-25, pls. i—vi. (1880). Philippine Islands. Sclater, tom. cit., pp. 25-34, pls. vii—xi. Admiralty Islands. Finsch, tom. cit., pp. 34-58, pls. xii—xvii., Tongatabu, the Fiji Islands, Api (New Hebrides), and Tahiti. Birds. Bw Al Salvadori, tom. cit., pp. 58-83, pls. xviii-xx. Ternate, Amboyna, Banda, the Key Islands and the Aru Islands. Forbes (W. A.), tom. cit., pp. 84-93, Cape York, Australia, and the neighbouring islands (Raine, Wednesday, and Booby Islands). Sclater, tom. cit., pp. 93-99, pls. xxi. and xxii., Sandwich Islands, Sclater and Salvin, tom. cit., pp. 99-109, Antarctic America. Sclater, tom. cit., pp. 110-117, pls. xxiii. and xxiv., Atlantic Islands and Kerguelen Island, and on the miscellaneous collections obtained during the voyage. Sclater and Salvin, tom. c7t., pp. 117-132, pls. xxv.-xxx., Steganopodes and Impennes collected during the Expedition. Saunders, tom. cit., pp. 183-140. JLaridex collected during the Expe- dition. Salvin, tom. cit., pp. 140-149. Procellartide collected during the Expedition. APPENDIX. Sclater, “ List of birds’ eggs obtained during the Challenger Expedition, tom. cit., pp. 150-152. Garrod, A. H., “ Note on the gizzard and other organs of Carpophaga latrans,” tom. cit., pp. 152-154. Watson, M., “Report on the anatomy of the Spheniscidzx collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger,” op. cit., vii., pp. 1-244, pls. i—xix. (1888). Chamberlain (NEvILLE). 45 specimens from the Bahama Islands. Presented. [96.8.19, 1-45.] A son of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, and an enthusiastic student of zoology. The collection presented by Mr. Neville Chamberlain was of great value to the Museum, which had but a poor collection from the Bahama Islands. Chamberlain (Watrer). A specimen of Rhipidura preisst from King George’s Sound, W. Australia, new to the collection. Presented. [91. 11. 9. 1.] Mr. Walter Chamberlain is a younger brother of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain. He has collected in the Fiji Islands and Australia. Chambers (Capt.). 126 specimens from Port Essington, N. Australia. [42, 1. 13, 1-120; 42.1. 15, 4-9.] Mostly from Port Essington. At that time this collection must have been of great interest, but of the new species not one appears to have been named by Mr. Gould after the explorer who had taken the trouble to collect them. Chapman (ABEL). Nestling of Syrniwm aluco, from Northumberland. Presented. [1904. 5. 10, 1.] A specimen of the Common Hider Duck (Somateria mollissima) from Holy Island. Presented. [1905. 4. 13, 1.] Mr. Abel Chapman is a very well-known field-naturalist, and is celebrated for his discovery of the nesting of the Flamingo in Southern Spain (“ Ibis,” 1884, pl. i-iv., pp. 66-99). Cf. also his works, “ Wild Spain” and “ Wild Norway.” 328 Zoology. Charlton (Major). 27 birds from the Malay Peninsula. Presented. [46. 3. 4, 10-36.] This collection was described by T. GC. Eyton (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xvi., pp. 227-230). The genus Philentoma was instituted, and 16 species were described as new, among them _ aa Aaya, AR. any yrttang, *8An. o> * : Baan, ah r S ; @ = ~4 Wy A A vppndi ne a OBA SARA -1@ Aur ear 4 ~Y aN ‘ ‘Atpiaaeee od ef ‘ aA me) manna +e q UARee nee : * aa Phin Rar yp || | aemaetaene Pi.» S| Sis ~* 7 ~ ; - . Ss 2 rT) i | HOU SCS eS HPht il pPapand onan npntehtl Tania MARA Ll tem cence Ss akrtn a aAmee ° ” yy | Ga a ae Pip tA AMAEBe Tw Bite yidee- TAT als Party “Aaa tay AnD eas Be ‘< Adv A PA a nv se aD ar ote ie “apart! Pans 4 RAY. nanan ther aardr 5, JA Pa 454, We ‘a NN A Utaal2iilel baht ne aah te tt 4 a@SObteae AptAA. aoe Ty. ’ Sq an : aa ped cee Renee cial vty ee Con Ae =~ ) . AN Peery a err. » yah ANA \. als FARIA BSAA a a pobhnns Mh ~ ARaa Dae DDD oenna gen AAA wre AA FARA ALS Sesto Tt, telhlere% etatsts is Sone: