THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

LOS ANGELES

THE HISTORY

OF THE

COLLECTIONS

CONTAINED IN THE

NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENTS

OF THE

BEITISH MUSEUM

VOL. I.

LIBRARIES.

THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.
THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY.
THE DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS.

LONDON :

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM

SOLD BY

LONGMANS & Co., 39 Paternoster Row, E.G. ; B. QUABITCH, 15 Piccadilly, W. ;

DULAU & Co., 37 Soho Square, W. ; KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH,

TBUBNER & Co., Dryden House, 43 Gerrard Street, Soho, W. ;

AND AT THE

BEITISH MUSEUM (NATUBAL HISTORY), Cromwell Road, S.W.

1904.
(All rights reserved.)

PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWE

Q.H1

PREFACE.

THE present history of the collections preserved in the four
Natural History Departments of the British Museum has been
produced at my suggestion, by the officers in charge of the
collections. Mr. B. B. Woodward has written the history of
the libraries ; Mr. George Murray, assisted by Mr. Britten, that
of the Department of Botany ; Dr. Arthur Smith Woodward
with valuable help from the late keeper, Dr. Henry Woodward,
and from Dr. Bather, assistant keeper, that of the Department
of Geology ; and Mr. Fletcher that of the Department of Minerals.
A second volume will contain the history of the collections in
the Department of Zoology to which Mr. Edgar Smith, Dr.
Bowdler Sharpe, Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, Mr. Boulenger, Mr.
Oldfield Thomas, Mr. Jeffrey Bell, Mr. Pocock, Mr. Kirkpatrick,
Sir George Hampson, and Mr. Lydekker, have each contributed
a special section.

The possibility of producing such a history as the present is
a remarkable evidence of the care and efficiency with which the
records of the Museum have been kept during the past century.
The value of the book to workers in the various branches of
Natural History will be very great. It not only furnishes an
interesting record of the names of hundreds who have con-
tributed to build up our science during the nineteenth century,
but it will prove to be of assistance to investigators who are
anxious to discover the present depository of specimens or
collections referred to in old publications and to compare then

512997

LIBRAKI

iv Preface.

with later samples. It will also furnish to a very large number
of persons, who at present are not informed on the subject,
a correct idea of the variety, extent, and importance of the
immense series of collected specimens which are here, carefully
guarded and kept in orderly arrangement, " not only " (according
to the terms of Sir Hans Sloane's will) " for the inspection and
entertainment of the learned and curious, but for the general
use and benefit of the public to all posterity."

It furnishes documentary proof of the steady yet rapid
progress of the scientific value of the Natural History Depart-
ments and of the care and accuracy with which the responsi-
bilities undertaken by the Trustees have been discharged by
their officers.

E. RAY LANKESTER.

March, 1904.

CONTENTS.

THE LIBRARIES.

PAGE

INTRODUCTION vii-xvii

1.— GENERAL SKETCH OF THE SEVERAL LIBRARIES IN THE BRITISH
MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THEIR
FORMATION AND PROGRESS, PROM 1753 TO THE END OF 1900. 1

2. — CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS TO THE

END OF 1900 ,5

3. — LIST OF IMPORTANT BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS, AND DRAWINGS
ARRANGED UNDER THE NAMES OF AUTHORS AND PREVIOUS

4. — LIST OF CURRENT SERIAL PUBLICATIONS PRESENTED TO THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ..... 53

A.— British Islands 53

B.— British Empire over the Seas 60

C.— Non-British 64

THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.

1.— GENERAL SKETCH 79

2. — CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS TO THE

BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS TO THE END OF 1902 ... 85

3. — ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE MORE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS TO

THE COLLECTION OF PLANTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY 129

THE DEPARTMENT OP GEOLOGY.

1. — GENERAL SKETCH 197

2. — A CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS TO
THE COLLECTIONS OF FOSSILS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
TO THE END OF 1900 200

3. — ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE MORE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS TO

THE COLLECTION OF FOSSILS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY 260

vi Contents.

THE DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS.

PAGE

1.— GENERAL SKETCH 343

2.— CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS TO THE

DEPARTMENT OP MINERALS (1753-1903) . . . .353

SERIES A.— MINERALS 353

Chronological List (1753-1903) referring to Series A. .355

SERIES B.— BOCKS 388

Chronological List (1753 1903) referring to Series B. .388

SERIES C. — METEORITES 405

Chronological List (1753-1903) referring to Series C. . 406

3.— ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE MORE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS TO
THE COLLECTION OF MINERALS, ROCKS AND METEORITES IN
THE DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS . . .412

INTRODUCTION.

THE British Museum dates its actual foundation from the year
1753, when an Act of Parliament was passed "for the purchase
of the Museum or Collection of Sir Hans Sloane, and of the
Harleian Collection of Manuscripts, and for providing One
General Repository for the better Reception and more convenient
Use of the said Collections and of the Cottonian Library and of
the Additions thereto."

Sir Hans Sloane, an eminent physician in London, was for
sixteen years President of the Royal College of Physicians
and in 1727 succeeded Sir Isaac Newton in the Presidential
Chair of the Royal Society. He was throughout his long
life a diligent and miscellaneous collector, having, as stated in
the Preamble of the Act of Incorporation of the Museum,
" through the course of many years, with great labour and
expense, gathered together whatever could be procured, either
in our own or foreign countries, that was rare and curious."
His collection, which at the time of his death in 1753 was
contained in his residence, the Manor House, Chelsea, consisted
of " books, drawings, manuscripts, prints, medals, and coins,
ancient and modern antiquities, seals, cameos and intaglios,
precious stones, agates, jaspers, vessels of agate and jasper,
crystals, mathematical instruments, pictures, and other things,"
which latter included numerous zoological and geological speci-
mens, and an extensive herbarium of dried plants preserved in
310 large folio volumes.

According to the terms of Sir Hans Sloane's will, this collec-
tion was purchased for the sum of £20,000 — far below its
intrinsic value — in order "that it might be preserved and

viii Introduction.

maintained, not only for the inspection and entertainment of
the learned and the curious, but for the general use and benefit
of the public to all posterity."

The valuable collection of manuscripts formed by Sir Robert
Cotton at the end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seven-
teenth centuries was already the property of the nation, having
been presented by his grandson, Sir John Cotton, in the year
1700. The Harleian Collection was obtained by purchase at
the same time as the Sloanian, and the three were brought
together under the designation of " the British Museum," placed
under the care of a body of trustees,* and lodged in Montagu
House, Bloomsbury, purchased for their reception in 1754. The
Museum was opened to the public on the 15th of January, 1759.
Admission to the galleries of antiquities and natural history was at
first by ticket only, issued on application in writing, and limited to
ten persons, for each of three hours in the day. Visitors were not
allowed to inspect the cases at their leisure, but were conducted
through the galleries by officers of the house. The hours of
.admission were subsequently extended ; but it was not until the
year 1810 that the Museum was freely accessible to the general
public for three days in the week, from ten to four o'clock.
The present daily opening, with longer hours in summer, dates
only from 1879.

At the time of the foundation of the Museum, the site allotted
seemed amply sufficient for its purposes ; but gradually, as the
collections of all kinds increased, they outgrew the limits, not
only of the original Montagu House, but even of its successor,
the present classical building, completed in 1845 from the
designs of Sir Robert Smirke. The erection of the magnificent
reading-room in 1857 disposed for a time of the difficulty of

* The Trustees under the Act of Incorporation were the Archbishop of
Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, the Speaker of the House of Commons,
the Bishop of London, and the principal Officers of State for the time
being ; six representatives of Founders' families ; the Presidents of the
Royal Society and College of Physicians; and fifteen other Trustees to
be elected by them. Subsequently, the Presidents of the Society of
Antiquaries and of the Eoyal Academy of Arts, a Trustee by special
nomination of the Sovereign, and three more family Trustees were added
to the Board.

Introduction. ix

finding accommodation for the ever-growing library; but the
keepers of other departments continued urgent in their demands
for more space, and after much discussion of rival plans for
keeping the collections together and obtaining the needful exten-
sion of room by acquiring the property immediately around the
old Museum, or for severing the collections and removing a
portion to another building, the latter course was finally decided
upon. At a special general meeting of the Trustees, held on
the 21st of January, 1860, attended by many members of the
Government in their official capacity, a resolution, moved by the
First Lord of the Treasury, was carried : " That it is expedient
that the Natural History Collection be removed from the British
Museum, inasmuch as such an arrangement would be attended
with considerably less expense than would be incurred by pro-
viding a sufficient additional space in immediate contiguity to the
present building of the British Museum."

The House of Commons, in the Session of 1863, sanctioned
the purchase of part of the site of the International Exhibition
of 1862 at South Kensington, with a view to appropriating it to
the purpose of a Museum of Natural History.

In January, 1864, the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works
issued an advertisement for designs for a Natural History
Museum and a Patent Museum, to be erected on part of the land
thus acquired, a plan which had been prepared by Mr. Hunt in
September, 1862, from Sir Richard Owen's suggestions, being
proposed as a model in respect to dimensions and internal
arrangement.

The plans of the various competitors were submitted to Her
Majesty's Commissioners of Works, who awarded prizes to three
of the number, giving precedence to that of Captain Francis
Fowke, R.E., and then referred the three premiated plans to the
Trustees of the British Museum. As the internal arrangements
in Captain Fowke's plan did not meet with the approval of the
Museum officers, he was desired to modify them in conformity
with the requirements of the Trustees. He was engaged in this
labour when his death occurred, in September, 1865.

Early in the year 1866, Mr. Alfred Waterbouse was invited by

x Introduction.

the Chief Commissioner of Works to take up the unfinished work
of Captain Fowke ; but he found himself unable to complete the
plan to his own satisfaction, and in February, 1868, he was
commissioned to form a fresh design, embodying the require-
ments of the officers of the Natural History Departments of the
Museum.

Mr. Waterhouse was not long in submitting to the Trustees his
plan and model of the building, with a disposition of galleries as
required, and these were formally accepted by the Trustees in
April, 1868. It was nob, however, until February, 1871, that
the working plans had been thoroughly considered, and received
the final approval of the Trustees.

The actual work of erection was commenced in the year 1873,
and the building was handed over to the Trustees of the British
Museum by Her Majesty's Commissioner of Works in the month
of June, 1880. Immediately that the exhibition cases were
completed, and the galleries were sufficiently dry to receive the
collections, the great labour of removing the Natural History
Collection from Bloomsbury was commenced. The departments
of Geology, Mineralogy, and Botany were arranged in their
respective sections of the Museum in the course of the year 1880,
and the portion of the Museum which contained these departments
was first opened to the public on April 18th, 1881. It was not
until the following year that the cases destined to receive the
larger collections of the Zoological Department were sufficiently
near completion to allow of these collections following, and three
more years were required before all the rooms could be brought
into a state fitted for public inspection.

The original collections of the Natural History Departments
of the British Museum are, as stated above, those of Sir Hans
Sloane. The addition to these of the collections of Sir Joseph
Banks (1827), and the long continuous accession of new collec-
tions during 150 years, some purchased and many presented by
naturalists whose names are historical as authorities and bene-
factors of science — has rendered the Museum at the present day
the richest and most important in the world. The gradual
development of the separate departments of Botany, Geology,

Introduction. xi

Mineralogy, and Zoology is narrated in the work now produced
by the combined authorship of the various responsible officers of
the Museum. The history given is not merely a general one but
forms an important record of the smaller as well as the larger
collections which have been absorbed into the great series. Each
section of the work devoted to one of the four Departments as
at present constituted, viz. : Botany, Geology, Mineralogy, and
Zoology, commences with a general sketch of the history of the
Department. This is followed by a chronological account of the
yearly additions to its collections up to (and in some instances
beyond) the year 1900, and further by an alphabetical list of
donors or of previous owners of collections now embodied in those
of the Department which have importance either because they
contain type-specimens or because of the scientific or historical
associations of the name cited. In treating of the Department
of Zoology it has been found convenient on account of the great
size and variety of the collections to break up the account into a
number of separate sections, each describing, according to the
plan above explained, the collections representing a separate class
or section of the Animal Kingdom.

The genesis of these several existing Departments and the
succession of their administrators are briefly as follows : —

The first appointments of Officers to the newly-constituted
Museum were made in 1756, when Dr. Gowin Knight was chosen
as Principal Librarian, with three Keepers under him, viz : Dr.
M. Maty for the Printed Books, Dr. C. Morton for the Manu-
scripts, and Mr. James Empson for the remaining collections,
entitled " Natural History Department." This Department,
however, included all the Antiquities, Coins, and Medals.
Empson had as his successive Assistant Keepers : H. Rimius
(died 1757), W. Hudson (retired 1758), and the Rev. A. J.
Planta (transferred to Printed Books, 1765). On Empson's
death in 1765, Maty was transferred from the Keepership of the
Department of Books to that of the Department of Natural
History, his Assistant Keeper being the celebrated Dr. Solander,
who had already been employed in the work of cataloguing from
1763. Solander in 1768 obtained permission, on finding a sub-

x i i Introduction.

stitute, to accompany Banks on the now famous voyage with
Captain Cook. He returned in 1771, and, Maty becoming
Principal Librarian in 1772, Solander was made Keeper of the
Natural History Department in 1773. At the same time, J. O.
Justamond was appointed Assistant Keeper, and was joined
in that office in 1776 by the Rev. P. H. Maty ; E. W. Gray
succeeded Justamond in 1778. E. W. Gray was uncle of Samuel
Frederick Gray, the Chemist, whose son John Edward Gray
joined the Museum staff in 1824 and became one of the most
prominent systematists of his time.

On Solander's death in 1782, P. H. Maty succeeded to the
Keepership, and the Rev. C. G. Woide to the vacant Assistant
Keepership. When P. H. Maty died in 1787, E. W. Gray
was appointed to the Keepership, and in 1791 the well-known
naturalist, G. Shaw, became Assistant Keeper.

In 1803 Taylor Combe was made an Assistant Keeper, with
charge of the Antiquities and Coins.

E. W. Gray died in 1806, and the following year the first
important change was made, the old department being divided
nto the " Department of Natural History and Modern Curiosi-
ties," with G. Shaw for Keeper, and the " Department of
Antiquities and Coins," of which T. Combe was made Keeper.
Chas. Konig was added to the staff of the former as Assistant
Keeper in the same year, and became Keeper in 1813 on Shaw's
death.

"W. E. Leach was made Assistant Keeper in 1813, but retired
in 1822, and was succeeded in 1823 by J. G. Children, transferred
from the Department of Antiquities, which he had joined in
1816. The department was further strengthened by the addition
of J. E. Gray in 1824, G. R. Gray in 1831, and Adam White in
1835.

In 1827 the Banksian Herbarium was transferred to the
custody of the Trustees, Robert Brown, its former custodian,
being created " Keeper of Sir Joseph Banks' Botanical Collection."
By the addition to this in 1835 of the Sloane Herbarium and
other botanical collections in the charge of the Natural History
Department, a " Botanical Branch " was formed.

Introduction. xiii

A further and most important change in the constitution of
the Department was introduced in 1837 by the formation of two
other Branches, the " Mineralogical and Geological Branch,"
under the Keepership of C. Konig, and the " Zoological Branch,"
or which J. G. Children was promoted to be Keeper.

Konig was succeeded in 1851 by G. R. Waterhouse, and
Children in 1840 by J. E. Gray.

The administration of the Department was greatly changed
in 1856, by the appointment of Professor (afterwards Sir
Richard) Owen as "Superintendent," and the conversion of the
" Branches " into " Departments." The single " Natural History
Department " thus became three distinct Departments, viz. :
1 , Botanical ; 2, Zoological ; 3, Mineralogical and Geological.

In 1857 the "Mineralogical and Geological Department"
was divided into the " Geological Department," under the former
Keeper, G. R. Waterhouse, and the " Mineralogical Depart-
ment," to which Prof. Story-Maskelyne was appointed as Keeper.

Subsequent changes were mainly in the personnel of the
staff, and were as follows : —

On the retirement of Sir Richard Owen in 1884, he was
succeeded by Prof, (afterwards Sir William) Flower, with the
title of Director, and in 1898, on the retirement of the latter, by
the present Director.

The succeeding Keepers have been : —

Botanical Department : J. J. Bennett (1859), W. Carruthers.
(1871), and G. R. M. Murray (1895).

Geological Department: H. Woodward (1880), and A. S.
Woodward (1901).

Mineralogical Department : L. Fletcher (1880).

Zoological Department : A. Gunther (1875). Since 1895,
the Director for the time being has been the Acting-Keeper of
Zoology.

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF OFFICERS, ASSISTANTS AND
OTHERS CONNECTED WITH THE NATURAL HISTORY
DEPARTMENTS.

The initial prefixed to the name indicates in which division of the establishment
the individual served — B, Q-, M and Z standing for the several departments,
O for the " Director's Office," and L for the " General Library."

"ret" = retired. " f " is prefixed to the date of death.

Solander, D.

ASSISTANT KEEPEJ

Bimius, H. [|1757]

Hudson, W. [ret. 1758]
Planta, Rev. A. 3.

[transf. to Printed

Books, 1765]

Solander, D.

Justamond, J. O. [dis-
missed, 1778]
Maty, Rev. P. H.

Gray, E. W.

Woide, Rev. C. G.

[transf. to Printed

Books]

Shaw, G.

Empson,J.[fl765]

Maty, Matt,
[transf. from
Printed Books]

Solander, D.
[fl782]

Maty, Rev. P. H.
[t!787]

Gray,E.W.[tl806]

PRINCIPAL
LIBRARIAN.

Knight, G.

[t!772]

Maty, M. [f!776]

Morton, C.
[f!799]

Combe, T. [Keeper of
Antiq. in 1807]

1807. Antiquities and Coins were formed into a separate Department.
Konig, C. | Shaw, G. [|1813]

Leach, W.E. [ret. 1822] j Konig, C. [+18511
Samouelle, G. [? ret.
c. 1841]

Children, J. G. [transf.
from Antiq. Dept.,
1816-22]

Planta, J.

[f!827]

Gray, J. E.

(B) Bennett, J. J.

(Z) Gray, G. R.

(Z) White, A. [ret. 1863]

(B) Brown, Robt.
[fl858]

Ellis, H.
[ret. 1856]

1835. The " Botanical Branch " was formed by the transfer of the custody of the
Sloane Herbarium and other botanical collections to the custody of the " Keeper of
Sir Joseph Banks' Botanical Collections."

1837. The rest of the Department was sub-divided into the " Mineralo<ncal and
Geological Branch " and the " Zoological Branch."

Chronological List of Officers, etc.

XV

ASSISTANTS.

ASSISTANT KEEPERS.

KEEPERS.

SUPERINTEN-
DENT.

PRINCIPAL
LIBRARIAN.

1837

(Z) Children,

J. G. [ret. 1840]

1838 (G) Richardson, G. F.

[H848]

1839 (Z) Cooper, D. [super-

num. ret. 1840-1]

1840

(Z) Gray, J. E.

[ret. 1874]

1841 (Z) Baird, W. [f!872]

1842 (Z) Doubleday, E.

Ftl849]

1843 (G) Waterhouse, G. B.

1848 (G) Woodward, S. P.

r|1865]

1850 (Z) Smith, F.

1851

(G) Waterhouse,

G. B. [ret. 1880]

1856 (G) Sharman, B. [super-

Owen, B.

Panizzi, A.

mini., ret. 1857]

[ret. 1884]

[ret. 1866]

Coincident with the appointment of the Superintendent the several " Branches "
were turned into "Departments." In 1857 the " Mineralogical and Geological
Department " was sub-divided into the " Geological" and "Mineralogical" Depart-

1857

(M) Maskelyne,

M. H. N. Story-

tret. 1880]

1858 (Q) Woodward, H.

1859

(B) Carruthers, W.

(B) Bennet, J. J.

[ret. 1871]

1862

(Z) Giinther, A. C. L. G.

—

(M)Lang, V. von [ret.

1864]

—

(M) Davies, T. [first

joined establishment

1858. f!892]

1863

(Z) Butler, A. G.

—

O'Shaughnessy, A. W. E.

[first joined establish-

ment in 1861 (Printed

Books), was attached

to the Z. D. in 1863,

to G. D. in 1864, and

to the Superintendent

from 1865. f!881]

18GG

(Z) Waterhouse, C. 0.

Jones, J. W.

[ret. 1878]

1867

(Z) Smith, E. A.

—

(G) Bennett, L. D. [ret.

1869]

—

(M) Flight, W. [ret.

1885]

L869

(B) Trimen, H. [ret.

1879]

XVI

Chronological List of Officers, etc.

PRINCIPAL

ASSISTANTS.

ASSISTANT KEEPERS.

KEEPERS.

LIBRARIAN.

1869

(Q) Kent, W. Saville

[ret. 1873]

(Z) Gray, G. B.

[fl872]

1871

(B) Britten, J.

'B) Carruthers,
W. [ret. 1895]

1872

(Q) Gordon, G. D. H.

[ret. 1875]

(Z) Miers, E. J. [ret.

1885]

(Z) Sharpe, B. B.

(Z) Giinther,

A. C. L. G.

1875

(M) Lewis, W. J. [ret.
1877]

(Z) Smith, F.
[f!879]

(Z) Giinther,
A. C. L. G.

[ret. 1895]

(Q) Davies, W. [first

joined establishment

1843, ret. 1887]

1876
1878

(B) Murray, G. B. M.
(Z) Thomas, M. B. 0.

Bond, E. A.

[in office 1876-78]

[ret. 1888]

—

(M) Fletcher, L.

_

(Z) Bidley, S. 0. [ret.

1887]

(Z) Bell, F. J.

—

(Q) Etheridge, B. J.
[ret. 1887].

1879

(Z) Kirby, W. F.

(Z) Butler, A. G.

1880

(B) Bidley, H. N. [ret.
1888]

[ret. 1901]
(O) Taylor, J. T.
(Assist.-Secretary,

(G) Woodward,
H. [ret. 1901]

transferred from

(M) Fletcher, L.

Office, B. M., to

which he returned

in 1884.)

(G) Newton, B. B.

—

(B) Fawcett, W. [ret.

1886]

—

(M) Platnauer, H. M.

[ret. 1883]

1881

(O) Fagan, C. E. [Office,

B. M. 1873-81]

(O) Isaac, J. F. [Clerk]

—

(L) Woodward, B. B.
[Printed Books 1876-

81]

—

(G) Etheridge, B.

[ret. 1891]

1882 (Z) Quelch, J. J. [ret.

1886]

(Z) Grant, W. B. Ogilvie

—

(Z) Boulenger, G. A.
(Q) Woodward, A. S.

—

(M) Miers, H. A. [ret.

1895]

Chronological List of Officers, etc.

xvi

ASSISTANTS.

ASSISTANT KEEPERS. KEEPERS.

DIRECTOR.

PRINCIPAL
LIBRARIAN.

1884

(O) Nichols, T.N.

Flower,W.H.

(Assistant - Secre-

[ret. 1898]

tary) [ret. 1889]

1885

(Z) Pocock, R. I. [ret.

1904]

—

(O) Holl, W. H. R.

[Clerk]

1886

(B) Gepp, A.

(G) Crick, G. C.

—

(Z) Gahan, C. J.

—

(Z) Kirkpatrick, R.

1887

(M) Prior, G. T.

—

(Z) Dendy.A. [ret. 1887]

—

(B) Baker, E. G.

—

(G) Bather, F. A.

—

(G) Gregory, J. W. [ret.

1900]

1888

(B) Rendle, A. B.

Thompson,

E. M.

1889

(Z) Heron, F. A.

(O) Fagan, C. E.

(Assistant - Secre-

tary)

—

(Z) Austen, E. E.

1892

(G) Andrews, C. W.

(G) Woodward,

A. S.

(O) Anderson, W. J.

1894

[Clerk]
(M) Spencer, L. J.

1895

(Z) Smith, E. A. (B) Murray,

G. R. M.

—

(Z) Hampson, G.

(Z) Sharpe, R. B. (Z) Flower, Sir

W. H. (Acting

Keeper) [ret.

1898]

1896

(B) Blackman, V. H.

—

(Z) Arrow, G. J.

1897

(M) Smith, G. F. H.

1898

(Z) Lankester,

Lankester,

; E. R. (Acting

E.R.

Keeper)

1901

(Z) Regan, C. T. (G) Woodward,

A. S.

1902

(G) Lang, W. D. (G) Bather, F. A.

j

VOL. I.

THE LIBRARIES.

VOL. I.

THE LIBRARIES.

1. GENERAL SKETCH OP THE SEVERAL LIBRARIES IN THE BRITISH
MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF
THEIR FORMATION AND PROGRESS, FROM 1753 TO THE END
OF 1900.

THE various Books, MSS., Drawings, and Maps in the Natural
History Section of the British Museum are distributed as
follows : —

1. GENERAL LIBRARY (L.)*: — Comprising works treating of
subjects common to two or more of the Departments, and hence
mainly consisting of the publications of Scientific Societies,
Academies, and such like Corporate Bodies, of Scientific Maga-
zines, and of Works of Travel.

Topographical Maps of all countries, the Admiralty Charts
and the sheets of the Ordnance Survey [Scale 1 in. = 1 m.] are
also kept there.

Attached to the General Library are the Owen Collection
of Drawings of zoological and palseontological specimens, and
some MSS., including a collection, in course of formation, of
the autographs of Naturalists, formed for the purpose of the
identification of handwriting on labels, etc.,f and a collection
of Photographs of Natural History objects and Museums. These
drawings and photographs have not yet been arranged or
catalogued.

2. BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT LIBRARY (B.)*: — Comprising such
serial publications and separate works as deal with Botany (pure

* In the following pages, to avoid constant repetition, the letters L, B, G,
M, Z, already in use in the Library, are used for the purpose of distinguishing
the several libraries.

t A representative selection of the large and valuable collection of
autographs of Naturalists formed by Mr. C. Davies Sherborn has been
generously made available by him for purposes of consultation by the officers
and students in the Museum, and has constantly proved most useful.

B 2

4 Libraries.

and applied), and a few on Palaeobotany, besides a large number
of valuable MSS., mostly from the Banksian Library.

An extensive general collection of original drawings and of
engravings of specimens of Plants arranged in separate series,
supplementing the Herbarium ; while there are besides many
distinct collections of valuable drawings.

A good collection of autographs of Naturalists, principally
Botanists, has also been brought together for the purpose of
identifying handwritings.

3. GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT LIBRARY (G.)'*: — Embracing
those serial publications and separate works that have to do with
Geology and Palaeontology.

There is a small collection of MSS. and of prints and drawings
of specimens of Fossils, the latter not yet catalogued.

An extensive series of the geological maps and sections of all
countries is also included in this library.

4. MlNERALOGICAL DEPARTMENT LIBRARY (M.)* : In addi-
tion to serial publications and separate works more immediately
connected with Mineralogy, Crystallography, and Petrology,
there is a small collection of mineralogical (with a few geological)
maps.

5. ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT LIBRARY (Z.)* : — Comprising
serial publications and separate works on Zoology, with a few on
Palseozoology.

Some of these are kept in the rooms of the various
Assistants.

Attached to this library is the Tweeddale Library of Ornitho-
logical works, which is located in the Bird Room, and there
is also a collection of works on Economic Zoology.

There are some valuable MSS. and a large series of drawings
of zoological specimens, but there is no systematic collection of
them as in the Botanical Department. A collection of photo-
graphs of specimens of animals is, however, in course of
formation.

This distribution has not in all cases been strictly adhered to,
and some works of a general character are to be found in each of

* For explanation of these letters, see p. 1, ante.

Libraries. 5

the departmental libraries. There is also a certain amount of
duplication due for the most part to the need for working copies
of some books.

The several departmental libraries are under the charge of
the respective Keepers of the Departments, who usually relegate
the task of immediate superintendence to one or other of their
Assistants, an Attendant being told off in each case to perform
the routine work.

The General Library when first formed in 1881 was governed
by a Committee of the four Keepers of Departments, the
Assistant in charge, Mr. B. B. Woodward, who was appointed in
October of that year, reporting in the first instance (October,
1881 to June, 1883) to the Keeper of Botany, subsequently
(July, 1883 to April, 1884) to the Keeper of Zoology, and since
May, 1884, to the Director, who from that time took over the
control of this library.

In February, 1888, it was resolved that a general alphabetical
Authors' Catalogue of the whole library of the Museum, exclusive
of minor separata, should be printed. With the aid of temporary
assistance the cataloguing on a uniform system of all the
libraries was thereupon begun, and, by 1897, so far completed
that a grant for printing was obtained. The first sheet of this
Catalogue was passed for pi*ess in January, 1898, and, by the
end of 1900, sixty-six sheets (A-Endea.) had been printed off.*

2. CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OP THE PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS
TO THE END OP 1900.

1753.

When Sir Hans Sloane's Collections became the property of
the nation in 1753 his manuscript catalogues of them, the copy
of his "Voyage to the Islands Madera, Barbados . . . and
Jamaica," etc., annotated in his own handwriting, with the
original drawings of the specimens of Plants from which the
plates were drawn, and a copy of Bay's " Historia Plantarum,"
which he had used in connection with his Herbarium, were kept
with his collections instead of being incorporated with the

* The first volume, A-D, was issued in August, 1903.

6 Libraries.

Library, and so may be held in some sense to have constituted
the nucleus of the present collection of works on Natural History.
Some volumes formerly in Sloane's library were transferred at
later dates ; as were also some from Baron von Moll's library,
which was acquired in 1815.

1818.

Z.* J. Abbot's original water-colour drawings of the Insects
and Plants of Georgia, with manuscript descriptions, comprised
in 17 volumes, formerly in the possession of J. Francillon, was
purchased.

1827.

B. The first approximation towards the formation of a depart-
mental library was in 1827, when the collections and library of
Sir Joseph Banks were transferred to the Trustees, it being
agreed that the Keeper of the Banksian Botanical Collections
should also have exclusive care and management of the manu-
scripts, with the drawings and copper-plates engraved.

Under this agreement 149 volumes, chiefly systematic works
used in the herbarium, that were either duplicates, or had
manuscript notes in them, remained in what is now the Depart-
ment of Botany with the Banksian collections of MSS. and
Drawings.f Some other duplicate volumes from this Library,
which forms an item of the Printed Books Department, were
transferred at later dates to other of the Natural History
departments.

1835.

Z. The collection of drawings formed by Major-General T.
Hardwicke were bequeathed with his collections in 1835, but
remained in charge of the MSS. Department till the removal of
the Zoological Collections to South Kensington, when they were
transferred to the Zoological Department.!

B. His botanical MSS. and drawings, however, were placed
at once with the Banksian Botanical Collection.

1841.

B. An important collection of water-colour drawings of
Plants, by Franz A. Bauer, " being that part of Mr. Bauer's

* For explanation of these initials, see p. 1, ante.
t For an enumeration of these, see pp. 23-26.

Libraries. 7

drawings made at the expense of the late Sir Joseph Banks,
baronet, which did not accompany his Library and Botanical
Collections when transferred to the Museum, but was bequeathed
by Sir Joseph to his late Majesty King George the Fourth," was
presented by her late Majesty Queen Victoria.

Z. A copy of Cramer's " Papillons exotiques," which belonged
to Henry Seymer, of Handford, Dorsetshire, who had added the
Linnean names and re-touched several of the coloured plates, was
presented by A. B. Lambert.

1842.

In this year the first systematic purchases of works for the
departmental libraries appear to have been made.

B. The autograph journal of H. Ruiz Lopez, kept during
the botanical exploration of Peru and Chili made by him in
company with J. Pa von (1777-83), his important manuscripts
" Sobre Quina " with other autographs, and their joint original
descriptions of the Plants met with, were purchased at the sale of
A. B. Lambert's library.

Z. The first book recorded as purchased by the Zoological
Department was H. Milne Edwards' " Histoire naturelle des
Crustaces."

1843.

B. and Z. The original water-colour drawings made by
Ferdinand L. Bauer, the artist who accompanied Flinders on his
" Voyage to Terra Australis " in 1801-3, comprising 202 drawings
of Plants and 49 of Animals/"" were presented.

1845.

In the estimates for 1845 there appears for the first time a
sum of money definitely allotted for the purchase of books for a
departmental library, that of Mineralogy, which then included
the present Departments of Geology and of Mineralogy. The
following year it is reported that " the books purchased . . . have
all been catalogued and bound with a distinctive ornamental mark
on each volume." This grant was annually renewed.

Among other accessions for the year were : —

Z. 670 foil, of water-colour drawings by native artists of the

* Not transferred from B to Z till 1887.

8 Libraries.

Vertebrata of Nepaul, presented by their collector, B. H. Hodgson,
who added a further large series in 1858.

67 original water-colour drawings of Vertebrata from King
George's Sound and its neighbourhood., with MS. notes by the
draughtsman and donor, J. Neill.

1847.

B. 248 original water-colour drawings of Plants of British
Guiana, by Sir R. H. Schomburgk, were presented in part by the
Secretary of State for the Colonies, and in part by Sir R. H.
Schomburgk himself.

Z. Received the first annual grant for the purchase of books.

1848.

B. Received its first annual grant for the purchase of books.

A collection of 30 water-colour drawings by a native artist of
Chinese Plants, Birds, and Fish was acquired. The 16 drawings
of Plants were incorporated with a similar set in the Banksian
Collection (MS. No. 12), and the 11 drawings of Birds and 3 of
Fish transferred to the Zoological Department and incorporated
in the Banksian MS., No. 11.

1853.

Z. Gronovius' MS., containing the descriptions and illustra-
tions of his Collection of Fish, was purchased with his collection
at an auction in London. It was printed and issued as a
Museum publication in 1854.

1858.

The " Mineralogical Department " was divided into the
"Geological" and "Mineralogical" departments, and the
library shared between them.

B. A number of drawings by Ferdinand L. Bauer were
bequeathed by Robert Brown.

Z. A further series of water-colour drawings by native
artists of the Vertebrata of Nepaul was presented by the collector,
B. H. Hodgson, making with those presented in 1845 a total
of 1,319 drawings, which have been mounted and bound in
8 volumes.

Libraries. 9

1859.

B. The collection of more than 2,500 original water-colour
drawings by James Sowerby for the illustrations to his " English
Botany " were purchased with his herbarium. These have been
mounted on sheets, beside copies of the finished plates from the
first and third editions.

1861.

B. The unpublished autograph Journals kept by L. A.
Deschamps during his voyage as naturalist on La Recherche,
under Entrecasteaux, and during his subsequent travels in Java,
with materials for a Flora Javanica, water-colour sketches, and
other notes and memoranda, as well as 1 1 1 water-colour drawings
of specimens of Java Plants, made by, or for Dr. F. Noronha,
were presented by J. R. Reeves.

Z. Deschamps' original sketches and autograph descriptions
of the Mammalia of Java, presented with the foregoing.

89 volumes of zoological works and pamphlets, including
manuscript notes by C. R. Darwin and T. Bell on the Reptiles
and Amphibia collected during the voyage of the, Beagle, were
presented by Dr. J. E. Gray, at that time Keeper of the
Department.

1862.

B. A set of original water-colour drawings by James De
Carle Sowerby and J. W. Salter for the illustrations to vol. i.— iv.
of the Supplement to James Sowerby 's "English Botany" were
purchased, and incorporated with those for the main work that
had been acquired in 1859.

1863.

Z. An autograph MS. of the Rev. W. Kirby, the entomo-
logist, entitled, "Musseum Entomologicum Barhamense. Pars
prima," was presented by the Entomological Society.

1865.

B. The botanical drawings and MSS. of R. A. Salisbury
were presented by Dr. J. E. Gray.

1866.

B. 29 sheets of original drawings by James De Carle Sowerby,
from which the illustrations to Dawson Turner's " Muscologiae
Hibernicse Spicilegium " were engraved, were purchased.

10 Libraries.

1867-68.

G. The collection of drawings formed by Hugh Falconer
in connection with his " Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis," and other
writings on Indian Palaeontology, was presented. It included
sketches for 20 unpublished plates to the " Fauna," sketches for
18 plates of Ruminant remains, with manuscript explanations,
and more than 220 drawings in water-colour, pen-and-ink, and
pencil, by various artists (e.g. Dinkel, Kaup, etc.), with photo-
graphs, illustrating vertebrate remains, chiefly Indian. The
whole are mounted and bound in two volumes.

1869.

Z. The Rev. W. Kirby's manuscript Catalogue of British
Staphylinidae, in 3 vols., was presented by Dr. J. E. Gray.

1874.

B. The original drawings and manuscript notes, with corre-
spondence accompanying the herbarium of William Wilson, of
Warrington, were purchased.

262 original drawings of Irish Lichens were purchased with
the herbarium of Isaac Carroll.

1875.

B. Considerable additions were made to the Botanical Depart-
ment collections of drawings ; 1 ,300 original water-colour drawings
of Fungi, by W. G. Smith, and coloured engravings of upwards
of 4,000 species of Algse being purchased.

Z. A large number of zoological works and drawings (includ-
ing 109 original water-colour drawings and pen-and-ink sketches
of Fish, with 106 of Insects, Crustacea, and Arachnida, made by
Arthur Adams during his voyage as naturalist on the Samarang,
also the 65 original water-colour drawings of Chelonia, by J. De
Carle Sowerby, used for the illustrations in T. Bell's " Monograph
of the Testudinata," and Sowerby and Lear's " Tortoises "), which
had belonged to Dr. J. E. Gray, were presented by his widow.

1876.

B. The transcripts, by two daughters of Mr. Dawson Turner,
of Sir Joseph Banks' journal kept on his voyage with Capt. Cook

Libraries. 11

round the world in 1768—71, and of his correspondence, now
bound in 20 volumes, was transferred from the MSS. Department.
This journal was printed under the editorship of Sir J. D. Hooker,
and published in 1896.

Robert Brown's Notes, MSS. and Diary from 1800 to 1803,
which had been bequeathed to J. J. Bennett (his successor in
the Keepership) and which had been allowed to remain in the
Department, were presented by Mrs. Bennett.

James Sowerby's original water-colour drawings for the
illustrations to his " English Fungi," with 347 other plates, were
presented by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

730 original water-colour drawings of the higher Fungi, by
Mrs. A. Russell, were bequeathed by her.

These two last have been incorporated in the systematically
arranged collection of drawings of specimens of Fungi.

1877.

B. The accessions included 7,287 published engravings ; a
number of original drawings of Indian Plants by Dr. De Crespigny,
which, with 180 drawings by G. D. Ehret, were purchased.

654 water-colour drawings by native artists, made under the
superintendence of John Reeves, were presented by Miss Reeves.

Z. 482 folios of water-colour drawings, made by native
artists for John Reeves, were presented by Miss Reeves.

1878.

B. The departmental collection of drawings was increased
by the purchase of 8,025 engravings and 42 original drawings,
including 12 by G. D. Ehret.

The correspondence of the Rev. A. Bloxam, and some manu-
script notes of his on the Cellular Cryptogams of Leicestershire,
were presented by his son.

1879.

B. A further increase of the collection of drawings was made
by the purchase of 8,772 drawings and engravings.

A set of original drawings of South American Plants and of
dissections of Plants, by John Miers, with the Catalogue of his
herbarium, were presented by J. W. Miers.

M. Considerable accessions were made to the Mineralogicai
Department Library.

12 Libraries.

1880.

In view of the approaching removal of the Natural History
Collections to South Kensington, and the consequent necessity of
founding a Library for the use of the officers and students, a
special grant, payable in yearly instalments, was voted by Parlia-
ment, the first instalment being granted for the following financial
year.

It was decided that the several departments should continue
to purchase and hold such works as related to their special
subjects, while a fifth, the " General Library," under the charge
of a special Assistant, should be constituted to contain those
works containing matter common to two or more departments.

L. 2,048 volumes were therefore purchased this year for the
General Library.

B. 68 works from the library of John Miers, annotated by
him in relation to the Plants in his herbarium, were presented by
J. W. Miers.

The collection of drawings and engravings formed by W.
Wilson Saunders, with 2,517 other drawings and engravings; 928
original water-colour drawings, by John Miller (otherwise J. 8.
Mliller), of the ramifications of Plants; and 25 original water-
colour drawings of Fungi, by W. G. Smith, were purchased.

G. A fine copy of William Smith's geologically coloured map,
" A delineation of the Strata of England and Wales, with part of
Scotland," was presented by Mr. (afterwards Sir) A. W. Franks.

The set of original pencil drawings by A. Watelet, for the 60
plates of his " Description des Plantes fossiles du bassin de Paris,"
with those for 21 unpublished plates and their description in MS.
were purchased.

M. The accessions numbered 603 volumes.

Z. The first catalogue of the departmental library, contain-
ing 1,700 titles, was printed, and issued in November.

1881.

B. R. A. Salisbury's notes and drawings of Ericaceous Plants
were transferred from the Royal Gardens, Kew.

M. The accessions numbered 860 volumes. The first catalogue
of this library, containing 1,297 entries, of which 39 refer to maps,
was printed.

Z. The total number of works in this library was estimated
at about 1,500 ; the accessions for the year being 182 works in
377 volumes.

Libraries. 13

1882.

L. 921 volumes had been transferred to this library from
the Departments, and the extent of the collection at the end of
the year was 7,659 volumes.

B. The original water-colour drawings for the illustrations
to Maund's " Botanic Garden," representing 1,248 Plants, were
presented by the Misses Maund.

13 folio volumes, containing original drawings of Indian
Plants, formerly the property of Dr. Fleming, were purchased
and have since been incorporated in the systematically arranged
collection of drawings of specimens of Phanerogams.

M. The accessions numbered 103 works.

Z. 1,383 works in 2,350 volumes were added. A second
edition of the Catalogue was issued in May.

1883.

L. The accessions numbered 2,261 volumes, of which 28 were
presented and 79 transferred from other departments.

B. 219 original pencil drawings of Mosses, by P. Bruch,
used in illustrating the " Bryologia Europsea " of Schimper,
Bruch and Gumbel ; 52 original drawings of Madagascar Orchids,
by the Rev. W. Deans Cowan; and 210 original drawings,
formerly the property of Dr. J. J. Roemer, were purchased.

A considerable addition to the collection of Autographs of
Botanists was made, and the whole collection ai-ranged and
mounted.

M. 199 works were added.

Z. 1,777 works in 2,358 volumes wei-e added.

1884.

L. 2,114 volumes were added, of which 98 were presented
and 148 transferred from other departments. The total number
of volumes being 12,034.

A Catalogue of this collection was issued early in the year.

B. 87 original water-colour drawings of Cape Plants, by
F. Masson, the botanical collector, were presented by Mr. C. Lee.
These were subsequently incorporated with a series by the same
author from the Banksian Collection, and mounted and bound.

46 original water-colour drawings of Fungi, by W. G. Smith,
26 original drawings of Sumatran and Javan Plants, by H. O.
Forbes, and 5,003 plates were purchased and incorporated with

14 Libraries.

the systematically arranged collection of drawings of specimens
of Phanerogams.

22 coloured drawings by W. Roxburgh of Indian Palms,
used in his "Plants of the Coast of Coromandel," were also
acquired.

A series of pen-and-ink drawings, with autograph descriptions,
by G. J. Camellus, entitled " Descriptiones Fruticum et Arborum
Luzonis," formerly in Sir Hans Sloane's Library, was transferred
from the MSS. Department.

88 autograph letters of Ray and his contemporaries were pre-
sented by J. D. Enys, and the original MS. of Derham's "Life of
Ray " purchased.

G. 629 volumes and 302 pamphlets were added. A copy of
William Smith's " New Geological Map of England and Wales,'"'
1827, was presented by Mr. Carruthers.

M. 159 works in 305 volumes, and 36 pamphlets were
acquired.

Z. 1,274 works in 2,450 volumes were added, making a total
of 6,556 works in over 10,000 volumes in the whole library.

The third and last edition of the library catalogue was
published in March.

1885.

L. 1,954 volumes were added, of which 139 were presented
and 171 transferred from other departments.

The total number of volumes in the library was 13,988.

54 valuable large scale maps were presented, chiefly by the
Governments of Cape Colony, New South Wales, South Australia,
New Zealand, and Tasmania, being those of their respective
colonies.

B. 183 original water-colour drawings of the Plants of the
Straits Settlements, made by Christopher Smith, were purchased.

70 original water-colour drawings of Flowers, by G. von
Spaendonck, were purchased.

281 plates of British Fungi, from works by Dr. M. C. Cooke,
were presented by him.

1,415 plates of Plants, and 32 original water-colour drawings
of Fungi, by W. G. Smith, were purchased.

The last three series have been incorporated in the respective
collections of drawings of specimens of Plants.

G. 260 volumes, 121 pamphlets, and 41 maps were acquired.

Three transcripts by Mary Anning, the celebrated fossil-

Libraries. 15

collector at Lyme Regis, of papers in the Transactions of the
Geological Society, were presented by Lord Enniskillen.

M. 32 works in 44 volumes were added.

Z. 877 works in 1,176 volumes were acquired, including
a very fine copy of Audubon's " Birds of America."

1886.

The Royal Society presented 34 miscellaneous works, which
were distributed among the several libraries.

L. 1,313 volumes and 3 maps were added, of which 351
volumes and 3 maps were presented and 20 volumes transferred
from other departments. These included : —

A set of De Bry's collection of Voyages (with the collation),
presented by Lord Crawford.

153 original water-colour drawings and pencil sketches, by
T. Baines, the African explorer, were purchased.

B. 212 books and pamphlets, and the whole of his mycolo-
gical correspondence was bequeathed by C. E. Broome.

Proofs on India paper of the illustrations to Stevenson's
" Hymenomycetes Britannici " were presented by Mr. W. G.
Smith.

1,922 original water-colour drawings of British Plants, by Miss
H. Moseley, were purchased.

A series of original water-colour and pen-and-ink drawings of
Plants, by M. J. Schleiden, of Jena, with the manuscript descrip-
tion of them, were purchased, and have since been bound in
9 volumes.

115 original sketches (some coloured) of Bornean Orchids,
Pitcher-plants, &c., by P. W. Burbidge, were purchased.

493 original drawings of Indian Plants ; and 42 original
drawings of Orchids, by Miss Cooke, were acquired and have
since been incorporated in the systematically arranged collections
of drawings of specimens of Plants.

G. 256 volumes, 1,115 pamphlets, 26 cases of MSS., and
53 maps were added in the year.

Of these 897 books and pamphlets, with 26 cases of original
drawings and MSS., all relating to Brachiopoda, and formerly
part of the library of Dr. T. Davidson, were presented by
Mr. W. Davidson.

226 pamphlets were acquired from the library of Prof. J.
Morris.

M. 286 volumes and 208 pamphlets were added.

16 Libraries.

1887.

L. The collection was increased by the addition of 2,320
volumes and 1,949 maps. Of these 210 volumes were presented
and 13 volumes transferred from other departments. 1,462 sheets
of charts were received from the Admiralty, and 439 sheets of
the Ordnance Survey on the scale of 1 in. = 1 m. Both these
sets have been kept up.

The first contribution towards the collection of photograplis
was received this year.

B. The manuscript records of the distribution of British
Plants, collected by H. C. Watson for his " Cybele Britannica,"
were received from the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew.

G. 736 books, 226 pamphlets, and 259 maps were received,
including 6 geological views and sections across various parts of
England and Wales, by William Smith, presented by W. Topley.

M. 823 volumes and 134 pamphlets were acquired.

Z. The ordinary increase was 590 volumes ; but the magni-
ficent ornithological library formed by the ninth Marquess of
Tweeddale, which was presented by his nephew, Capt. R. G.
Wardlaw Ramsay, contained 698 works, in 2,560 volumes, with
about 200 pamphlets, and formed the most important addition
as yet received at any one time.

5 volumes of beautifully executed water-colour drawings, by
Japanese artists, of different breeds of domestic Pigeons, pro-
bably executed for the library of some Japanese nobleman, were
purchased.

1888.

The special grant for the purchase of books was all expended
by 31st March of this year. A small annual grant for up-keep
has since been allowed.

L. 1,325 volumes and 970 maps were added, of which 305
volumes were presented and 449 transferred from other depart-
ments. The maps included 740 sheets of charts from the Admiralty,
and 210 sheets of the Indian Atlas.

B. Two volumes of Robert Brown's manuscript descriptions of
Plants, discovered on a book-stall, were presented by Mr. J. Britten.

200 original drawings of Plants were added to the collection.

G. 168 volumes, 47 pamphlets, and 33 maps were acquired.

M. 284 volumes and 44 pamphlets were added.

Z. 355 volumes were acquired, bringing the estimated total
in the library up to 9,489 works in 15,243 volumes.

Libraries. 17

1889.

About 1,716 duplicate volumes and parts were transferred
from the Printed Books Department, Bloomsbury, and divided
among the several libraries.

L. 1,010 volumes and 45 maps were added : of these 293
volumes were presented and 439 transferred from other depart-
ments. The total number at the end of year being 19,933
volumes and 3,541 maps.

G. 57 volumes and 409 pamphlets, with 47 maps were
acquired, including Pt. i-iii and vi of William Smith's "New
Geological Atlas " (purchased), and three volumes of manuscript
notes and drawings by Caleb Evans.

M. 182 volumes and 80 pamphlets were added.

Z. The accessions amounted to 197 volumes and 477 parts,
bringing the total up to 9,666 works in 15,440 volumes.

Sir J. D. Hooker presented his drawings of Antarctic Fish,
made dui'ing the expedition of the Erebus and Terror in 1839-43.

1890.

L. 691 volumes and 28 maps were added, of which 316
volumes were presented, and 23 volumes with 26 maps were
transferred from other departments.

Sir John Evans, K.C.B., presented sets of the publications of
the Linnean Society of London from 1877, and of the Zoological
Society of London from 1868 : he has subsequently presented the
succeeding parts as issued.

B. The scientific correspondence of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley
was presented. This included letters of C. E. Broome, whose own
correspondence had been bequeathed in 1886. The two series are
of great importance in connection with the Broome Herbarium.

A copy of the rare and valuable " Salictum Woburnense," by
J. Forbes, privately printed in 1829 by the Duke of Bedford, was
presented by Mr. F. Justen.

Drawings of 74 species of Victorian Fungi were received
from the Victorian Government, through the President of the
Victorian Commission at the Paris Exhibition of 1889, Baron
Sir F. von Mueller.

G. 101 books and 75 parts, with 59 pamphlets and 32 maps
were added.

M. 126 volumes and 119 pamphlets were acquired.

Z. 128 volumes and 468 parts were added.
VOL. i. C

18 Libraries.

1891.

L. The accessions comprised 612 volumes and 48 maps, of
which 203 volumes and 17 maps were presented, and 6 volumes
and 31 maps were transferred from other departments.

The Royal Society presented, by request of H. B. Brady, their
copy of Soldani's rare work, " Testaceographiai ac Zoophyto-
graphife parvse et microscopies tomus primus ( — secundus)," the
Society receiving Brady's copy with his library.

G. 120 books and 293 parts, with 377 pamphlets and 193
maps were added, including 227 pamphlets presented by the
Royal Society.

M. 207 volumes, 141 parts, and 3 maps were acquired.

Z. 38 volumes and 681 parts were added.

1892.

L. 819 volumes and 28 maps were added, of which 275
volumes and 25 maps were presented and 164 volumes transferred
from other departments.

B. 25 original water-colour drawings of Fungi by J. Bolton,
executed 1788-94, were purchased.

11 illustrations of species of Masdevallia, used by Miss
Woolward in illustrating her book on the genus, were presented
by her.

1,036 original water-colour drawings of Fungi, by G. E.
Massee, were purchased and incorporated in the collection of
drawings of specimens of Fungi.

G. 376 books and pamphlets, with 242 parts and 51 maps
were added.

129 original water-colour drawings by A. T. Hollick and
C. Berjeau, with 116 photographs and prints, of specimens
illustrating the structure of " Eozoon " made for Dr. W. B.
Carpenter, were presented by his son, the Rev. J. Estlin
Carpenter.

A manuscript catalogue of the Fossil organic remains in the
Cabinet of Mrs. M. H. Smith, of Tunbridge Wells, with water-
colour drawings by S. P. Woodward, who compiled the catalogue,
W. H. Bensted, and others, was presented.

M. 310 works in 203 volumes, 28 parts, with 196 memoirs
and 5 maps were added.

Z. 138 volumes and 708 parts were acquired, making the
total for the library of 9,850 works in 15,843 volumes.

Libraries. 19

213 original water-colour drawings of British Animals, viz.:
13 mammals, 122 birds, and 78 fish, executed by W. MacGillivray,
between 1831 and 1841, were presented by his son.

1893.

L. The number of accessions was 705 volumes and 30 maps,
of which 301 volumes and 28 maps were presented and 76 trans-
ferred from other departments.

Sir R. Owen's executors presented an extensive series of his
MSS., including original autograph notes and illustrations for
the Memoir on the Pearly Nautilus, of notes and synopses of
lectures from 1828 to 1864, notes and sketches of remains of
fossil Reptilia in various Museums, and a very large collection
of original drawings by G. Scharf, J. Dinkel, J. Wolf, and other
artists, of zoological subjects ; many being the originals for
illustrations to Sir R. Owen's papers and memoirs.

G. 334 volumes, 326 parts, and 33 maps were added.

M. 91 works in 100 volumes and 18 parts, with 24 memoirs
and 2 maps were acquired.

Z. 53 volumes and 815 parts were added : the total for the
library being 9,903 works in 15,962 volumes.

1894.

L. The increase for the year amounted to 723 volumes and
64 maps, of which 273 volumes and 31 maps were presented, and
42 volumes and 32 maps were transferred from other departments.

39 water-colour drawings, by native artists, of Chinese Plants,
Birds, Reptiles, and Fishes were presented by F. A. Philbrick, K.C.

B. 50 original water-colour drawings of Flowers made from
Nature, by J. Bolton, between 1785 and 1787, with manuscript
title and preface dated 1788, were purchased.

G. 331 volumes, 429 parts, and 536 maps were added.

M. 144 works in 134 volumes and 10 parts, with 44
memoirs and 12 maps were acquired.

Z. 64 volumes and 799 parts were added.

1895.

L. 1072 volumes and 39 maps were added, of which 382
volumes and 39 maps were presented and 121 volumes were
transferred from other departments.

38 volumes were presented by the Society of Antiquaries.

c 2

20 Libraries.

B. The manuscript copy, in the handwriting of Sarah Sophia
Banks, of the journal of Sir Joseph Banks, kept during his voyage
to Newfoundland and Labrador in 1766, was purchased.

2,449 water-colour drawings of British Fungi, by E. Wheeler,
made between 1880 and 1895, were presented.

24 original drawings, by S. T. Edwards, for " The New Botanic
Garden " were acquired.

G. 331 books and pamphlets, 406 parts, and 125 maps were
added.

M. 231 works in 159 volumes, with 123 pamphlets and 19
parts were acquired.

Z. 69 works in 74 volumes, and 776 parts were added.

189 original water-colour drawings of marine Animals and
Plants, taken during voyages between England and India by
Mrs. H. Toynbee, in 1856-58, with manuscript notes, were pre-
sented by Capt. H. Toynbee.

1896.

A large and valuable set of 187 Dissertations on various
subjects was presented by the Royal University of Upsala.

33 miscellaneous works were presented by the Linnean Society
of London.

Both these donations were distributed among the several
libraries.

L. 894 volumes and 19 maps were added, of which 507
volumes and 16 maps were presented, while 25 volumes were
transferred from other departments.

185 water-colour, pen-and-ink, and pencil sketches, by
G. Shaw, the former Keeper of the Natural History Section,
with a portrait in oils of Sydney Parkinson, were presented by
Mr. G. S. Parkinson.

B. A series of notes and descriptions, with a few pen-and-ink
and pencil sketches of Peruvian Plants, by A. Mathews, in 3 vols.,
was .presented by Mr. F. Justen.

A number of drawings by G. D. Ehret, S. T. Edwards, and
W. G. Smith were purchased for the collection.

G. 243 new works, 558 parts, and 247 maps were added.

M. 151 works in 171 volumes, with 85 pamphlets and 25
parts were acquired.

Z. 47 works and 794 parts were added.

Libraries. 21

1897.

L. The increase for the year was 786 volumes and 84 maps,
of which 428 volumes and 83 maps were presented, and 35
volumes and 1 map were transferred from other departments.

B. 74 water-colour drawings of Plants by J. Lindley, with
drawings by W. G. Smith and others, were purchased.

G. 317 new works and 367 parts, with 105 maps were
added.

M. 125 works in 199 volumes, 61 pamphlets, and 28 parts
were acquired.

Z. 57 works in 60 volumes, and 858 parts were added.

Three life-sized photographs of Apleryx, and the first of
several life-sized photographs of Testudo daudinii, were presented
by the Hon. Walter Rothschild.

1898.

L. The accessions numbered 1,109 volumes and 167 maps, of
which 489 volumes and 165 maps were presented, and 15 volumes
and 1 map transferred from other departments.

G. 299 new works, 340 parts, and 303 maps were added.

42 water-colour sketches, by R. Inwards, of fossils collected
by him and given to the Museum in 1880, were presented by the
author.

Autograph manuscript notes, by J. Brown, of Stanway, chiefly
relating to English Post-Pliocene deposits, with lists of the con-
tained fossils, were presented.

M. 31 volumes, 61 pamphlets, and 35 parts were acquired.

Z. 58 works in 80 volumes, and 906 parts were added.

1899.

Series of publications of great value were received from the
New South Wales and Queensland Governments, from the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, from the Royal University of Upsala,
and 51 books and pamphlets, dealing with Servian natural history,
from Prof. P. S. Pavlovic, of Belgrade.

These were distributed among the different departments.

L. 1142 volumes and 219 maps were added, of which 660
volumes and 143 maps were presented, and 98 volumes with 76
maps were transferred from other departments.

G. 194 new works, 360 parts, and 482 maps were added.

22 Libraries.

8 plates of original figures of Belemnites, by Martin. Simpson,
drawn for his " Fossils of the Yorkshire Lias," but not published,
were presented.

M. 53 works and 84 pamphlets, with 35 parts and 32 maps
were acquired.

Z. 53 works in 57 volumes, and 906 parts were added.

1900.

L. The accessions numbered 718 volumes and 338 maps,
of which 372 volumes and 338 maps were presented, and 14
volumes transferred from other departments. The collection of
Photographs of Animals also received substantial addition, 105
photographs having been presented.

The extent of this collection at the end of the year was
29,204 volumes, 4,605 maps, and 318 photographs, with 500 sheets
of drawings in the Owen Collection.

B. The set of original water-colour drawings, by W. G.
Smith, of British Basidiomycetes was completed.

The extent of the departmental library at the close of the
year was 14,980 volumes, 335 MSS., and 5,392 pamphlets.

G. 211 new works, 365 continuations, and 165 maps were
added.

No census of this library was taken till early in 1903, when
it was found to contain 9,395 volumes of catalogued works,
2,821 minor uncatalogued separata, 5,569 sheets of maps
belonging to 286 sets, and 356 sheets of charts and diagrams
representing 5 sets.

M. 43 volumes and 60 pamphlets, with 568 parts and
8 maps were acquired.

It is computed that at the end of the year this collection
comprised 6,339 volumes, 1,770 memoirs and pamphlets, and 81
maps in 252 sheets.

Z. 36 works in 65 volumes, and 1,134 parts were added.

The extent of the collection at the end of the year was
returned as 10,298 works in 17,167 volumes.

According to a rough estimate based on the cataloguing
returns, there were in the whole Museum at the end of 1900,
75,202 volumes and 5,780 maps. This, however, is a low estimate,
since it does not take count of continuations.

Libraries. 23

3. LIST OF IMPORTANT BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS, AND DRAWINGS
ARRANGED UNDER THE NAMES OF AUTHORS, AND PREVIOUS
OWNERS.

(The initial of the Departmental Library in which the varicras works are
kept is placed after each entry.)

Her Majesty Queen Victoria

In 1841, her Majesty the late Queen Victoria presented a large series of
water-colour drawings by Francis Bauer, " being that part of Mr. Bauer's
drawings made at the expense of the late Sir Joseph Banks, Baronet,
which did not accompany his Library and Botanical Collections when
transferred to the Museum, but was bequeathed by Sir Joseph to his
late Majesty King George the Fourth " (B).

Abbot (JOHN)

A collection of original water-colour drawings of the Insects and Plants
of Georgia, by J. Abbot, with manuscript descriptions, in 17 volumes,
formerly the property of J. Francillon, was purchased in 1818 (Z). Some
of these figures have served as the types of new species.

Adams (ARTHUR) [1820-1878]

Adams served as Assistant Surgeon and Naturalist on board the
Sainarang, in 1843-46. 109 water-colour and pen-and-ink sketches of
animals made by him during that voyage were presented in 1875 (Z).

Agassiz (JEAN Louis RODOLPHE) [1807-1873]

The Museum possesses a copy of this celebrated ichthyologist's
" Modele de mes Cadres de Fossiles," annotated in his oAvn writing. This
was a privately-issued scheme, or table, circulated apparently with the
view to obtain co-operation and assistance. The present copy came from
the library of John Phillips (G).

Alton (WILLIAM) [1731-1793]

Alton had charge of the Botanic Gardens at Kew, and was instru-
mental in sending out Francis Masson, the collector (g.v.)> some of whose
drawings are in the Museum (B and Z).

The original drawings for twelve out of the thirteen plates, drawn
by various artists, for Alton's " Hortus Kewensis " form No. 17 of the
Banksian MSS. (B).

Allman (WILLIAM) [1776-1846]

Allman held the post of Professor of Botany at Dublin from 1809 to
1844. An autograph MS. entitled "An attempt to illustrate a mathe-
matical connection between the parts of Vegetables," &c. (B) formed part
of E. Brown's collection, presented in 1876. It is apparently the original
MS. of a paper read before the Royal Society in 1811 but not printed by
that body : an abstract was privately issued by Allman in 1844.

Anderson (JOHN) [ -1847]

Anderson accompanied Captain P. P. King in his circumnavigation on
the Adventure (1826-30) as botanical collector.

A small manuscript " List of Plants collected in the Island of Chiloe
in 1829-30 " is preserved (B).

24 Libraries.

Anderson (WILLIAM) [ -1778J

Anderson served as surgeon's mate on the second voyage of Captain
J. Cook to the Pacific (1772-75), and as naturalist on the third voyage
(1776-78). His manuscript notes on the Birds observed on the second
voyage, and his descriptions in MS. of the Plants and Animals of the
third voyage formed the Banksian MS. No. 81 (B and Z).

Anning (MARY), Miss [1799-1847]

Autograph transcripts of three memoirs in the " Transactions of the
Geological Society," with pencil copies of the accompanying plates, by
Miss Mary Anning, the well-known fossil-collector at Lyme Eegis and
discoverer of Ichthyosaurus, were presented in 1885 (G-).

Arendt (J. J. F.)

Arendt was a botanical writer, apparently resident at Osnabriick.
His autograph " Floriferti Osnaburgensis anomali . . . specimen primum,"
1848, is preserved in the Museum (B).

Aublet (JEAN BAPTISTS CHEISTOPHE FUSEE) [1720-1778]

The French botanist Aublet was successively charged with the task of
founding botanic gardens in the lie de France, Guiana, and San Domingo :
lie wrote a " Histoire des Plan teg de la Guiane Francoise," and his original
drawings for the plates of this work with many unpublished ones, and
his manuscript descriptions form the Banksian MSS. Nos. 29, 58, 51) and
60 (B).

Baines (THOMAS) [1822-1875]

153 original water-colour and pencil sketches, being a portion of those
made by this celebrated African explorer and artist during an expedition
to explore the goldfields of Mashonaland, were purchased in 1886 (L).
They in part illustrate his book on " The Gold llegions of South-eastern
Africa," in which he supports the theory that the land of Ophir lay in
Mashonaland, and his sketches include one of the old workings near
Maghoondas Village, in which district also he notes and depicts natives
whose method of wearing their hair strikingly resembles that shown in
drawings on Egyptian monuments.

Banks (Sir JOSEPH), Bart. [1743-1820]

The celebrated Library formed by Sir J. Banks was handed over to
the care of the Trustees in 1827. The collection of books was placed
in the Printed Book Department, with the exception of 26 works,
numbering 149 volumes, chiefly systematic works used in the Herbarium,
which were either duplicates or contained manuscript notes, by Solamler,
Dryander, and Robert Brown, and which, with the MSS., Prints and
Drawings, remained in the custody of the Keeper of the Banksian
Botanical Collections.*

The manuscripts and drawings included the following important
items, many of which are cited in Dryander's Catalogue of the Banksian
Library : —

* Some of these were afterwards transferred to the Department of
Manuscripts.

Libraries.

25

Title. Banksian

Number.

AITON (W.) [12 out of the 13 original water-colour
drawings for Alton's " Hortus Kewensis," by
J. Sowerby, J. F. Miller, F. P. Xodder, G. D. Ehret,
and Franz Bauer] ...... 17

ANDEKSON (W.) Genera nova Plantarum . . . inv
itinere nostro [i.e. Capt. Cook's third voyage,]
1776-78] visa, etc S 81

Descriptiones Plantarum, etc. . . . /

Zoologia nova, etc.

Characteres breves Avium . . . 1772-75 ./

ANIMALS. [Descriptions of Animals observed on a

Voyage to Canton, with original water-colour

drawings.] 2 vol

AUBLET (F.) [Manuscript descriptions of Plants
collected in French Guiana] ....

[Original pencil drawings for the plates in his

" Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Fran§oise "] . 58 to 60

[60 foil, of original unpublished drawings of

Guiana Plants with manuscript descriptions

BANKS (Sir J.) [Autograph Notes on useful plants]

[Various manuscript notes interspersed with

Solander's q.v. infra] .....

BAETKAM (J.) [7 autograph letters to Dr. Fother-
gill (1769-71)]

BAKTRAM (W.) [Original MS. of his "Travels
through . . . Carolina, Georgia," etc.] . ...

[102 foil, of descriptions with 53 drawings of

the Plants and Animals of Carolina, Georgia, etc.']

BAUER (FRANZ L.) [Original water-colour drawings
illustrating the Germiuation of Wheat and the
Diseases of Corn, with a large miscellaneous series
chiefly of the more remarkable Plants that had
flowered at the Royal Gardens, Kew, of which a
further series was p'resented in 1841] .

BLAIR (P.) [Copies of Dr. P. Blair's Correspondence.
1725-27]

[Manuscript] Catalogue of the ... Botanical

discoverys . . . made by Dr. P. Blair, etc.

BOBART (J.) The Younger. [Copy by Sir J. Banks
of a " Catalogue of Plants sent from Mr. Bobart
...1689"]

BOLTON (J.) [Original drawings for the plates of
his " Filices Britannicse "] .

BREWER (S.) [Manuscript copy by D. Solander of
his] Botanical Journey through Wales in ... 1726
and 1727 .

S4&85
29

Gl

78 &79
23

35

BROWNE (P.) [Autograph MS.] Catalogue of the
Plants of the English Sugar Colonies.

BUCHANAN, afterwards HAMILTON (F.) Enumeratio
Plantarum quas in adeundo civitatem Barmanorum
regiam . . . anno 1795 observavit F. Buchanan.
[MS. with 53 drawings.] 2vol..

CALEY (G.) [Autograph Journals of Journeys
to New South Wales]

[Autograph] Descriptions of Plants of Xew

South Wales .

95

18 & 19

Depart-
ment
vhere now
kept.

26

Libraries.

Title. Banksian

Number.

CASTELVETRI (G.) [Autograph MS.] Brieve racconto

di tutte le Kadici ... in Italia, etc. 1614 . . 91
CIRILLO (D.) [MS.] Institutiones Botanicae, etc. . 66

[ Autograph letter to Brownlow, Earl of Exeter] 76

CHINA. [24 water-colour drawings of Fish by a

Chinese artist at Canton] 11

[62 water-colour drawings of Chinese Plants,

drawn under the superintendence of J. B. Blake,

by a native artist] . . . . . . 12

[220 water-colour drawings of Chinese Plants

and Animals, by a native artist.] 2 vol. . . 27 & 28
COLDEN, afterwards FARQUHAR (JANE) [Autograph

MS.] Flora Nov-Eboracensis, etc. . . . [99]
DILLENIUS (J. J.) [Original drawings by himself

for pis. i-lxxix of his " Historia Muscorum "] . 56
DRYANDER (J.) [Manuscript Catalogue of the draw-
ings of Animals in the Library of Sir J. Banks] .

[Index to the Species of Plants described and

figured by N. J. von Jacquin in his MSS.] .

Massonii Flora Maderensis. [Autograph MS.]

DURAND (P.) De quibusdam Zoophitis qua? in sinu

Gibraltarico reperiuntur, etc. .... [102]

EHRET (G. D.) [65 original water-colour drawings

of Plants from the collection of Sir K. More] . 16

• [Original drawings of Bare Plants, Fruits and/ [106 to

Seeds.] 4 vol. . . . . . . . (. 109]

— - [17 original drawings of Plants collected by
Banks in Newfoundland *]

ELLIS (W. W.) [115 original water-colour drawings
of Animals made during Capt. J. Cook's third
voyage, 1776-78] 33

FORSTER (J. G. A.) [261 foil, of original water-
colour and pencil drawings of Animals made during
Capt. Cook's second voyage, 1772-75.] 2 vol. . 6 & 7

[Original water-colour and pencil drawings of

Plants made during Capt. J. Cook's second voyage.]
2vol

Depart-
ment

where now
kept.

B
B
B

GERARD (J.) [MS. copy of his] Catalogus Arborum
. . .ac Plantarum. . .in horto J. Gerardi. . .nascen-
tium...!596

HOUSTOUN (W.) [Autograph] Catalogus Plantarum
in America observatarum .....

[Autograph MS.] Plantae observatsB circa

Kingston in. . .Jamaica, et Havanam in. . .Cuba .

[Autograph MS.] Nova Plantarum Ameri-

canarum genera, etc. ......

[Autograph MS.] Plantje circa Veram Crucem

observataa .......

[Autograph MS.] Nova Plantarum genera .

INDIA. [MS.] Declara9ao das Aruores. . .Plantas

. . . e Eruas virtuozas . . . seruem para se aplicar a
varias doen9as declaradas pellos fizicos deste
Anjenga. . . 1750 [228 water-colour drawings with
manuscript descriptions]

8&9

68

69

2-2

* Five drawings belonging to this set are placed with others used in
illustrating Alton's " Hortus Kewensis." [Cf. supra, p. 23.]

Libraries.

27

Title. Banksian

Number.

INDIA [559 water-colour drawings of Bengal Plants,
painted by native artists, with their native and
occasionally also the Linnean names. 3 vol. . 13 to 15

JACQUIN (N. J. VON) Autograph notes and letters
addressed to J. Dryander, with sketches and
water-colour drawings

JOHNSON (T.) Iter Plantarum investigationis ergoj
suscep tarn. . .in agrum Cantianum. . .1629 . . [ 96

1632. [Both in S. Dale's handwriting] . )

K0NIG ( J. G.) [Autograph journals of his voyages,
with lists and descriptions of East Indian (includ-
ing Siam and Malacca) Plants, Animals and a few
Minerals.] 21 vol 37 to 55

L'HERITIER DE BiujTELLE (C. L.) [51 autograpli

letters to J. Dryander. 1785 to 1790] . . [101]

LIGHTFOOT (J.) [Transcript by Solander of his]
Journal of a botanical excursion in Wales. [1775 ] 86

LIND (J.) A Catalogue of such Chinese and
Japanese plants whose Chinese characters are
known and are botanically described, &c. .

LINN^US (C.) Forelasningar ofver Djur-riket . . .

1748; uppteknade of L. Montin. ... 71

Fundamentabotanica...l748 . . 72

Vaxt-riket... 1746-48 . . . . 73

Sten-riket...l747 .... 74

Diteten.. .1748-49 .... 75

LOUREIRO (J. DE) [Autograph MS.] Nova genera

Plantarum in Cochin China sponte nascentium, etc. 93

M., K. [MS.] List of the different sorts of Grain,
&c., cultivated in the Tanjore country [with 15
water-colour drawings by a native artist] . . 97

MARTTN (J.) and (T.) [Correspondence] . . [103]

MASSON (F.) [54 water-colour drawings of Plants,)
9 of Animals, and 2 views of Niagara] . . J

MONTE BOLCA. [8 foil, of rough water-colour
sketches of fossil Plants, and 12 of fossil Fish from
Monte Bolca] [114]

MONTIN (L.) [Autograph.] Beskrifning ofver en

resa.. .til Lapska fjallarne afvan Lulea stad . 83

PARK (MuNGo) [20 water-colour drawings of Fish
from the coast of Sumatra with manuscript
descriptions of six species. 1792]

PARKINSON (S.) [40 water-colour drawings of
Animals taken from specimens or drawings
executed in India by order of J. G. Loten, and
forming the originals of some of the figures in
Pennant's " Indian Zoology," and " Quadrupeds "] 20

[Original water-colour drawings of Plants

and Animals made during Capt J. Cook's first
voyage, 1768-71; with finished drawings by T.
Burgis, J. Cleveley, Jas. Miller, J. F. Miller and
F. P. Nodder, made from the incomplete sketches.]
19 vol.

Depart-
ment
ivhere now
kept.

B

18vol.

Z
1 vol.

28

Libraries.

PETIVER (J.) [73 rough water-colour drawings of
Cape Plants, some of which were used for the
plates in Petiver's " Gazophyllacii naturae et artis
decasnona"] .......

PLANTS. [124 rough coloured drawings of Plants,
seemingly from old woodcuts] ....

- [418 foil, rough water-colour drawings of
Plants and some Animals, with their names in
Greek and Latin] ......

PLTJMIER (C.) [812 original water-colour and pen-
and-ink drawings of Plants, many of which were
published in his various works.") 5 vol. .

PULTENEY (R.) [MS.] Flora Malabarica, etc. .

- [Autograph MS.] A Catalogue of Plants
spontaneously growing about Loughborough, etc. .

ROBINSON (Sir T.) [MS. copy by Banks of] A
catalogue of Plants observed in several parts of
Wales in 1689 .......

ROME. [MS.] Flora ruderata Romana, etc. . .

SEYFFEET (H. C.) Icones Fungorum, etc. [133
original water-colour drawings] . . . .

SHERARD (W.) [Autograph Notes and Observations
on the first two volumes of Ray's "Historia
Plantarum"] .......

SOLANDER (D. C.) [An extensive series of MSS.
including notes and descriptions of Animals and
Plants observed during the voyage with Banks
to the South Pacific, and to Iceland, as well as
indexes and lists compiled in connection with his
curatorship of Banks' Collections and Library,
and many of them containing notes in Sir J.
Banks' handwriting .....

SOWERBY (J.) [103 foil, of original drawings for
No. '2-4 of Dickson's "Fasciculus Plantarum
Cryptogamarum Britanniae "] . . . .

STEPHENS (W.) Catalogus Plantarum in Horto
Dubliniensi. [MS. which, after p. 41, is in
Stephens's own handwriting] ....

SWEDEN. [192 original water-colour drawings on
24 pis. of Swedish Moths, Caterpillars and Spiders]

TILLI (M. A.) [Autograph MS.] Specimen Plant-
arum quse in Horto Medico Sapientiaa Pisante
locisque nnitimis extant. 1713-30 . . .

TOURNEFORT (.J. P. DE) Catalogue des Plantes que
M. P. de Tournefort trouva dans ses Voyages
d'Espagne et de Portugal copie de Poriginal, etc.

WATLING (T.) [70 water-colour drawings of Animals
and Plants made near Port Jackson, some of which
were used in drawing the plates for J. White's
"Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales"] .

TODNG (W.) A Natural History of Plants, contain-
ing the production of North and South Carolina,
etc. [302 water-colour drawings with manuscript,
index and dedication] .....

Depart-

Banksian ment

Number, where no

kept.

1 to 5
2G

90

94

[100]

65

80

.. BandZ
21 B

• B

92

87

[Ill]

82

34 B

24 and 25 B

Libraries. 29

In 1876, a transcript, by the daughters of Mr. Dawson Turner, of the
original Journal kept by Sir J. Banks during his voyage with Capt.
J. Cook, 1768-71, was transferred to the Botanical Department. The
original, which had been deposited with the MSS. Department to
become the property of the Trustees on the death of Lady Knatchbull,
was subsequently claimed and removed by Lord Brabourne, by whom it
was sold in 1886 for £7 2s. Qd. The journal was afterwards printed from
a transcript of the Dawson Turner copy, edited by Sir J. D. Hooker and
published in 1896.

Transcripts by the same hands of Banks' correspondence were trans-
ferred with the Journal and are now bound in 20 volumes.

In 1895 a copy by Miss S. S. Banks of the journal, kept by Sir
Joseph Banks during his voyage to Newfoundland and Labrador in 1766,
was acquired (B).

Barclay (GEORGE) [ft. 1835-1841]

Barclay accompanied Capt. Belcher as botanical collector on board the
Sulphur (1836-41). His autograph journal of the voyage is preserved in
the Museum (B).

Bartram (WILLIAM) [1739-1828]

William Bartram, son of the botanist, John Bartram [1701-1777]
(seven of whose letters to Dr. Fothergill form the Banksian MS. no. 23),
travelled in 1773 at the request of Dr. Fothergill through the southern
portions of the United States, and the original manuscript of his " Travels
through . . . Carolina, Georgia," etc., and a volume of 102 fols, containing
53 original drawings, with manuscript descriptions of the Plants and
Animals of those districts, form the Banksian MSS. no. 23, 78, and
79 (B).

Bauer (FERDINAND LUCAS) [1760-1826]

F. L. Bauer, who accompanied Robt. Brown on Flinders' voyage to
Australia, brought back a series of water-colour drawings of the Plants
and Animals observed. 49 of his drawings of Animals (Z) and 203 of
Plants (B) were presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty
in 1843, and two portfolios of his drawings were bequeathed in 1858 by
Robert Brown (B).

His original drawings for some of the plates to A. B. Lambert's
" Genus Pinus " are preserved in the Museum (B).

Bauer (FRANZ ANDREAS) [1758-1840]

F. A. Bauer was employed by Sir Joseph Banks in making drawings
of Plants in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, the work being continued
after Sir Joseph's death under the special provisions contained in his will,
until the decease of Bauer. His drawings illustrating the " Germination
(>f Wheat " and the " Diseases of Corn," with many others, were included
in the Banksian Collection, and came to the Museum in 1827 ; but the
extensive series of the drawings made at Kew after Banks' death and
bequeathed to H.M. George IV., was presented to the Museum in 1841
by her late Majesty Queen Victoria (B).

His original drawings for the plates to Sir W. J. Hooker's " Genera
Filicum," and other works with 127 drawings of British Orchids, and
some illustrating the form and structure of various parts of Plants, are
preserved in the Museum (B).

Other drawings of his were purchased in 1879 (B), while some
illustrative of microscopic anatomy, done for Sir E. Home, were given in

30 Libraries.

1893 by the executors of Sir B. Owen, in whose collection of drawings
they are (L).

One of the 25 copies of vol. i of A. B. Lambert's " Genus Pinus,"
coloured by him, is in the Museum (B).

Bennett (JOHN JOSEPH) [1801-1876]

Appointed assistant to Robert Brown when the Banksian Herbarium
was transferred to the British Museum in 1827, Bennett succeeded
Brown as Keeper of the Botanical Department in 1858. Brown had
bequeathed to him a number of books and MSS., which remained in the
Department and were presented to the Trustees in 1876 by Mrs. Bennett
(B).

The original pencil drawings by J. and C. Curtis for Bennett and
Brown's " Planta Javanica rariores," with proof engravings and hand-
coloured proofs after letters of the plates are preserved (B).

Berkeley (MILES JOSEPH) [1803-1889]

Berkeley, the distinguished mycologist, presented 530 original water-
colour drawings done by James Sowerby for the " English Fungi," in
1876 (B).

A series of his letters to C. E. Broome was bequeathed with the
latter's correspondence in 1886 (B). Berkeley's own correspondence was
presented in 1890 (B).

Blair (PATRICK) [ft. 1706-1728]

Copies of the correspondence and a " Catalogue of the discoveries . . .
made by Dr. P. Blair," botanist and surgeon, form the Banksian MS.,
No. 35 (B).

Blake (JOHN BRADBY) [1745-1773]

Sent out in 1766 to Canton as one of the Hon. East India Company's
supercargoes, Blake devoted himself to Natural Science. A volume of
drawings of Chinese Plants made under his superintendence by a native
artist form the Banksian MS., No. 12.

Bloxam (ANDREW) [1801-1878]

Bloxam went as naturalist on the Blonde in 1824-25, and on his
return entered the church, becoming Eector of Twycross, in Leicester-
shire, and afterwards of Harborough Magna, in Warwickshire. His
manuscript notes on the Cellular Cryptograms of Leicestershire, and his
Correspondence (forming 1 vol.), were presented by his son in 1878 (B).

Bolton (JAMES) [ft. 1775-1795]

The self-taught naturalist of Halifax, Yorks., J. Bolton, etched the
illustrations for his own works.

His original drawings for the plates of his " Filices Britannicse " form
the Banksian MS., No. 36 (B).

25 original water-colour drawings of Fungi, executed 1788-1794, were
purchased in 1892 (B).

50 original water-colour drawings of Flowers from Nature, made
1785-87, were purchased in 1894 (B).

Botanical Society of London.

The manuscript of the " Proceedings," 1724-26, of this Society,
which was a distinct Society from the later one bearing the same name
(1836-57), is preserved in the Museum (B).

Libraries. 3 1

Brady (HENRY BOWMAN) [1835-1891]

Brady made a special study of the Foraminifera. A copy of
Soldaui's rare work, " Testaceographise ac Zoophytographise parvje et
microscopic* tomus primus ( — secundus)" was at Brady's request
presented to the Museum by the Royal Society in 1891, his own copy
remaining in their possession (L).

Brewer (SAMUEL) [fl. 1700-1742]

As botanical collector for Dillenius and others, Brewer made a
collecting tour through Wales. A copy in Solander's handwriting of his
unpublished " Botanical Journey through Wales in . . ., 1726 and 1727,"
forms No. 95 of the Banksian MSS. (B>

Broome (CHRISTOPHER EDMUND) [1812-1886]

C. E. Brcome, the mycologist, bequeathed his books and pamphlets

to the number of 212 and the whole of his mycological correspondence

with his Herbarium in 1886 (B).

A further series of his letters addressed to M. J. Berkeley was presented

with the latter's correspondence in 1890 (B).

Brown (JOHN), of Stanway [1780-1859]

J. Brown was one of the pioneers in Pleistocene palaeontology. His
autograph notes, chiefly relating to English Post-Pliocene deposits with
lists of the contained fossils, were presented in 1898 (G).

Brown (ROBERT) [1773-1858]

Brown accompanied the expedition under Flinders to Australia; as
botanist ; in 1810 he succeeded Dryander as librarian to Sir Joseph Banks ;
while from 1827 to 1857 he was Keeper of the Botanical Department.

He bequeathed to the Trustees two portfolios of drawings by Ferdinand
L. Bauer " to be placed with the other productions of the same artist,"
and to his successor, J. J. Bennett, some books and pamphlets with
numerous MSS., which were presented to the Trustees in 1876 by Mrs.
Bennett (B). The more important of these were, his Diary from 1800
to 1803, a Flora of Madeira, a List of Gaelic Plant Names, and Descrip-
tions of Ferns, all in his own handwriting.

Some of his autograph descriptions of Plants in two volumes were
presented in 1888 by Mr. J. Britten (B).

The original pencil drawings by J. and C. Curtis, for Bennett and
Brown's " Plante Javanicaj rariores " are preserved, and also Brown's
correspondence in 3 vols. (B).

Browne (PATRICK) [1720?-! 790]

While practising medicine in the West Indies, Browne studied their
natural history, especially that of Jamaica.

An autograph "Catalogue of the Plants of the English Sugar
Colonies " forms No. 70 of the Banksian MSS. (B).

Bruch (PHILIPP) [1781-1847]

Bruch, who was an apothecary and botanist at Zweibriicken, devoted
much time to the study of Mosses.

219 of his original pencil drawings of Mosses used in illustrating the
" Bryologia Europrea " were purchased in 1883 (B).

32 Libraries.

Buchanan, afterwards Hamilton (FRANCIS) [1762-1829]

Buchanan went out in 1794 as surgeon in the East India Company's
Service. In the following year he accompanied the mission to Ava ;
his autograph descriptions with 53 drawings of the plants he observed
form the Banksian MSS., No. 18 and 19 (B).

Buonamici (GIOVANNI FRANCESCO)

A transcript of Dr. Buonamici's original MS. " De Plantis quse in
Melita? et Gaulo observantur " (written about 1670), marked "Ex
Biblioth. Boisy, MS. No. 21 " is preserved (B). This work was printed
as " Pugillus Meliteus," by F. P. Cavallini in 1689 under his own name,
and reprinted by Briickmann in 1737 ; in both cases the Maltese names
which appear in the MS. were omitted.

Burbidge (FREDERICK WILLIAM) [1847- ]

Burbidge travelled in the Eastern Archipelago, paying especial
attention to the botany of those regions.

115 original sketches, some coloured, made in Borneo, of Orchids,
Pitcher-plants, etc., were purchased in 1886 (B).

Burgis (THOMAS) [fl. 1776]

Burgis was employed by Banks to make finished drawings of Plants
from sketches by S. Parkinson, J. F. Miller, and others. Some of these
are among the Banksian Collection of Drawings (B).

Caesalpinus (ANDREAS) [1519-1603]

A manuscript of the celebrated Italian physician and natural
philosopher Caesalpinus, entitled " A. Cajsalpini epistola de methodo Eei
Herbarie prafixa horto suo sicco qui mine Florentise in Bibliotheca D.
comitis E. Pandulphini adservatur," Pisis, 1563, is in the Museum (B).

Caley (GEORGE) [ -1829]

Caley, who was at first employed in his father's stables, was led by
his desire to know more about the herbs used for veterinary purposes, to
study botany, and was later sent out by Sir Joseph Banks to collect
in New South Wales. His autograph journals and descriptions of the
Plants collected formed an item of the Banksian Collection (B).

Camellus, or Kamel (GEORGIUS JOSEPHUS) [1661-1706]

Kamel went as Jesuit missionary to the Philippines.

A volume of pen-and-ink drawings with autograph descriptions entitled,
" Descriptiones Fruticum et Arborum Luzonis," formerly in Sir Hans
Sloane's library, was transferred from the MSS. Department in 1884 (B).

Carmichael (DUGALD) [1772-1840]

Two MSS. of D. Carmichael are in the Museum, viz. : —
[Autograph] Catalogue of Plants collected in Mauritius and Bourbon
in 1812-1814 (B).

[Autograph] Gramma Capensia [and descriptions of Cape Plants] (B).

Carpenter (WILLIAM BENJAMIN) [1813-1885]

For some years before his death, the well-known naturalist, Dr. W. B.
Carpenter, had been collecting materials for a Monograph on " Eozoon"
These included 129 water-colour drawings, by A. J. Hollick and C.
Berjean, with 116 photographs and prints, now mounted and bound in

Libraries. 33

three volumes, that were presented by his son, the Kev. J. Estlin Carpenter,
in 1892 (G).

Carroll (ISAAC) [1828-1880]

262 original pencil drawings, roughly coloured, of Lichens, the work
of I. Carroll, and his autograph Catalogue of the Plants of Iceland were
purchased, with his Herbarium, in 1874 (B).

Castelvetri (GIACOMO)

A manuscript entitled " Brieve racconto di tutte le Eadici, di tutte
1'Herbe et di tutti Frutti, che crudi, o cotti in Italia si mangiano," &c.,
4°. Londra, 1614, by G. Castelvetri, forms the Banksian MS. No. 91 (B).

Cirillo (DOMENICO) [1739-1799]

The Italian doctor and naturalist, Cirillo, wrote largely on Botany. He
corresponded with Brownlow, Earl of Exeter, and an autograph letter to
that nobleman on Sicily, giving a list of the Flora, with the unpublished
MS. of his " Institutiones Botanies juxta methodum Tournefortianum "
form the Banksian MSS. No. 66 and 76 (B).

Cleveley (JOHN) [1747-1785]

Cleveley, the marine painter, was employed by Banks as draughtsman
on the voyage to Iceland, and also to prepare finished drawings from the
sketches made by Sydney Parkinson during Capt. Cook's voyage round
the World in 1768-71. Many of these are among the drawings in the
Banksian Collection (B).

Golden, afterwards Farquhar (JANE)

Jane Golden was daughter of Cadwallader Golden, the botanist, and
Governor of New York. Her autograph " Flora Nov-Eboracensis " forms
the Banksian MS. [No. 99] (B).

Collinson (PETER) [1694-1768]

Peter Collinson, the naturalist and antiquary, traded with the
American Colonies, and some of his collections were in Sir Hans Sloane's
Museum. His autograph " Account of the Introduction of American
Seeds into Great Britain," 1766, is preserved (B).

Cook (JAMES) [1728-1779]

Of MSS. and drawings relating to Capt. Cook's three celebrated
voyages the Museum possesses : —

First Voyage, 1768-71.
A transcript of Sir J. Banks' journal (B).
Copious manuscript lists and descriptions of the Animals and Plants

collected. By D. C. Solander (B, Z).

A large collection, filling nineteen volumes, of the original drawings
by S. Parkinson (with finished drawings prepared from his incom-
plete sketches, by T. Burgess, J. Cleveley, J. Miller, J. F. Miller
and F. P. Nodder) of the Animals and Plants obtained (B, Z).
Second Voyage, 1772-75.

Short manuscript descriptions of the Birds observed. By W. Ander-
son.
The original pencil and water-colour sketches of Animals and Plants

made during the voyage. By J. G. A. Forster (B, Z).
Third Voyage, 1776-80.

Manuscript descriptions of the Animals and Plants. By W. Ander-
son (B, Z).
115 original water-colour drawings of the animals observed. By

W. W. Ellis (Z).
VOL. I. D

34 Libraries.

Cowan (WILLIAM DEANS)

52 original drawings of Madagascar Orchids, by the Rev. W. D. Cowan,
were purchased in 1883 (B).

Crawford, JAMES LUDOVIC LINDSAY, 26th Earl of [1847- ]
In 1886 Lord Crawford presented a set of De Bry's Collection of
Voyages, 25 volumes and the volume on their collation (L).

Crow (FEANCIS)

" A Catalogue of rare fossil Fruits ( of minute fossil Shells, etc.)

from Sheppy Island," etc., in the collection of P. Crow of Faversham,
1810, etc., with 831 pencil drawings is preserved in the Museum (G).

Cunningham (ALLAN) [1791-1839]

As Botanical Collector to the Royal Gardens, Kew, Cunningham
travelled in Brazil and New South Wales. Two of his MSS. are in the
Museum, viz. : —

[Autograph] Journal of the proceedings of Mr. J. Bowie and Mr. A.
Cunningham . . . sent out to Rio de Janeiro to collect Plants.

Original MS. of the "Few General Remarks on the Vegetation of
certain coasts of Terra Australis," which was appended to P. P. King's
" Narrative."

Curtis (J.) and (C.)

The original pencil drawings by J. and C. Curtis for the illustrations
to Bennett and Brown's " Plantze Javanicse rariores " are preserved in the
Museum (B).
Dale (SAMUEL) [1659?-1739]

S. Dale the botanist, practising as physician and apothecary at
Braintree, Essex, was a friend of Ray, and corresponded with Sir H.
Sloane. His autograph copies of T. Johnson's '.' Iter Plantarum investi-
gationis ... in agrum cantianum," &c., 1629 and 1632, form the
Banksian Museum MS. No. 96 (B).

Davidson (THOMAS) [1817-1885]

Davidson devoted his life to the study of the Brachiopoda.

The whole of his MSS. and drawings in 22 volumes with his library
of 897 books and pamphlets relating to the Brachiopoda were presented
in 1886 (G).

De Crespigny (EYRE CHAMPION) [1821-1895]

De Crespigny became Conservator of Forests in India and Super-
intendent of the Botanic Gardens at Dapsorie.

A collection of his original drawings of Indian Plants was purchased
in 1877.
Derham (WILLIAM) [1657-1735]

The origiual MS. of Derham's " Life of Ray" was purchased in 1884 (B).
Deschamps (L. A.)

Deschamps accompanied Entrecasteaux as naturalist on the Recherche
during the expedition in search of La Perouse.

His unpublished autograph journals kept during the voyage and on
his subsequent travels in Java, with materials for a Flora Javanica,
water-colour sketches of Javan scenery, Plants (B), and animals (Z),
as well as other notes and memoranda were presented in 1861.

Libraries. 35

Dillenius (JOHANNES JACOBUS) [1687-1747]

Dillenius, sometime Botanical Professor at Oxford, whose principal
work was an " Historia Muscorum," prepared his own illustrations for the
plates : his original drawings for the first 79 plates of that work (the
remaining 6 were drawn on the copper direct) form the Banksian MS.
No. 56 (B).

His letters written to Brewer in 1726-28 are also preserved (B).

Dinkell (J.)

A number of original drawings, chiefly of fossil vertebrate remains,
by J. Dinkell, form part of the Owen Collection of Drawings, presented
in 1893 (L).

Dryander (JONAS) [1748-1810]

On Solander's death, Dryander became librarian to Sir Joseph Banks.
His manuscripts in connection with the catalogue of Banks' Library, a
manuscript catalogue of the original drawings of animals in that library
(Z), his manuscript notes for a memoir on the genus Erica, an index to
the species described by Jacquin in the latter's correspondence with him,
copious additions to Solander's MSS. and numerous manuscript lists,
including one of the Plants collected by F. Masson in Madeira, as well as
his correspondence (in 1 vol.), are preserved in the Museum (B).

Edmonston (THOMAS) [1825-1846]

The young Shetlander, Thos. Edmonston, who was one of the
naturalists on board the Herald, had specially studied the Flora of
Shetland and added the Arenaria norvegica to the British Flora. His
" Flora of Shetland " was published in 1845, and his autograph notes,
begun in 1837, for this work are preserved in the Museum (B).

Edwards (SYDENHAM TEAST). [1769?-1819]

Edwards was a botanical and zoological artist and editor of the " New
Botanic Garden." Some of the original drawings for this work were
acquired in 1895 and 1896 (B).

Ehret (GEORG DIONYSIUS) [1708-1770]

Ehret came to England about 1740. He furnished illustrations, among
other works, for Trew's " Plantae Selectee," and P. Browne's " Civil and
Natural History of Jamaica," and the original drawings for these illustra-
tions are preserved in the Museum. 65 original water-colour drawings
of Plants from, the collection of Sir K. More and 4 volumes of original
drawings of rare Plants, Fruits, and Seeds, forming the Banksian MSS.
No. 16 [106-109], with 22 drawings of Plants collected in Newfoundland
by Sir J. Banks (five of which were used for illustrations to Alton's
" Hortus Kewensis "), came with the Banksian library. Of other draw-
ings by Ehret, 180 were purchased in 1877 and a few others in 1878
and 1896. The Museum also possesses an autograph autobiography and
other manuscripts of Ehret as well as a "Life" of him in the hand-
writing of C. J. Trew (B).

Ellis (WILLIAM W.)

Ellis appears to have accompanied Captain Cook on the latter's third
voyage to the Pacific in the capacity of artist. 115 original water-colour
drawings by him of the animals met with form the Banksian MS.
No. 33 (B).

D 2

36 Libraries.

Enniskillen, WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY COLE, 3rd Earl of

[1807-1886]

Besides MSS. relating to his collection of fossil fish, Lord Enniskillen
presented in 1885 three transcripts by Mary Anning, the famous fossil-
collector of Lyme Regis, of papers in the " Transactions of the Geological
Society " with copies in pencil of the plates (G).

Enys (JOHN D.)

A series of 88 autograph letters of J. Ray and his contemporaries (B)
•were presented by Enys in 1884.

Evans (CALEB) [1831-1886]

Evans made a special study of the geology of the London basin and
south of England, and had special opportunities of collecting from sections
made during the main drainage works.

His manuscript notes and drawings, in 3 volumes, were presented in
1889 (G).

Evans (&r JOHN), K.C.B. [1823- ]

Sets of the publications of the Linnean Society of London from 1877
and of the Zoological Society of London from 1868 were presented by
Sir J. Evans in 1890, and he has given subsequent parts as they appear
up to the present time (L).

Falconer (HUGH) [1808-1865]

Falconer served as surgeon on the Bengal Establishment of the Kon.
East India Company. In association with his friend Captain Cautley
he worked at the Sivalik beds. In connection with their joint work
on the "Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis," he formed a large collection of
drawings, which were presented in 1867 or 1868, and include : —

Sketches for 20 plates of Sivalik fauna, including Colossochelys and
Crocodile; sketches for 18 unpublished plates of Ruminant remains;
53 drawings in water-colour and pen-and-ink of Indian fossils, including
sketches for plates: and a collection of 170 drawings in water-colour,
pen-and-ink, or pencil, of various fossil Mammalia and a Chelonian,
drawn by J. Dinkel, J. J. Kaup, and others (G).

Fleming (JOHN) [ -1815]

Indian medical officer and botanist. 13 folio volumes of drawings
of Indian Plants that had been the property of Dr. Fleming were
purchased in 1882, and are now incorporated in the systematically
arranged collection of drawings (B).

Forbes (HENRY OGG) [1851- ]

26 original drawings of Sumatran and Javan Plants, made by Forbes
during his travels in the Eastern Archipelago, were acquired in 1884 (B).

Forbes (JAMES), A.L.S. [1773-1861]

Jas. Forbes was gardener at Woburn Abbey. A copy of the rare
work " Salictum Woburnense," supposed to be mainly the work of
Forbes, and privately printed by the Duke of Bedford in 1829, was
presented in 1890.

Forster (JOHANN GEORG ADAM) [1754-1794]

J. G. A. Forster went as assistant to his father, J. R. Forster, on the
second voyage of Captain Cook to the Pacific. His original water-colour

Libraries. 37

and pencil drawings of the Animals and Plants oOserved on that occasion,
filling 4 volumes, form the Banksian MSS. No. 6-9 (B and Z).

Franks (Sir AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON) [1826-1897]

In 1880 a copy of W. Smith's large Geological Map of England and
Wales (1815) (G) was presented by Sir A. W. Franks.

Gerard (JOHN) [1545-1612]

Besides his " Herbal," Gerard wrote a " Catalogus Arborum . . . ac
Plautarum ... in horto J. Gerardi . . . nascentium . . . 1596," of which
rare work a copy in manuscript forms the Banksian MS., No. 89 (B).

Goodenough (SAMUEL), Bishop of Carlisle [1743-1827]

The original drawings for the plates to Bishop Goodenough's " Obser-
servations on the British species of Carex" in the Transactions of the
Linna^an Society, vol. ii. and iii., are preserved in the Museum (B).

Gray (JOHN EDWARD) [1800-1875]

Keeper of the Zoological Department from 1840 to 1875, Gray
presented in 1861 to that Department 89 volumes of Zoological works
and pamphlets, including the manuscript notes by C. B. Darwin, T. Bell,
and himself on the Keptiles and Amphibia collected during the voyage of
the Beagle. He was a constant donor to his department thereafter (Z).

In 1865 he presented the MSS. and botanical drawings of E. A.
Salisbury (B).

On his death in 1875 his widow presented many other works and
drawings, of which last the most noteworthy are the original water-colour
and pen-and-ink drawings of animals made by A. Adams on the voyage
of the Samarang, and the 65 original water-colour drawings of Chelonia
by J. de C. Sowerby used for the illustrations in T. Bell's " Monograph
of the Testudinata," and Sowerby and Lear's " Tortoises " (Z).

Gronovius or Gronow (LAURENTIUS THEODORUS) [1730-1777]
Gronow was a Senator of Leyden and one of the best ichthyologists
of his day. His collection, and a manuscript description of it illustrated
by numerous original drawings, were purchased at an auction in London
in 1853 (Z). The manuscript was afterwards printed and issued in 1854
as one of the Museum catalogues.

Hansen (GEORGE)

A number of original drawings of monstrous flowers of cultivated
Orchids, by G. Hansen, Superintendent of the Foothill Agricultural
Experiment Station of the University of California, were purchased about
1890 (B).

Hardwicke (THOMAS), Major-General in the Indian Army

[ -1835]

Hardwicke formed an extensive collection of illustrations of Asiatic
zoology, besides making himself some botanical drawings and notes. The
greater part of the collection is the work of native artists; but among
the drawings of Fish (in addition to one of the four sets of drawings of
Chinese Fish by a native artist that J. Eeeves caused to be prepared)
are included, some by Major Neeld, others by Major Farquhar, and
copies from drawings by Buchanan Hamilton. There is also a series of
drawings of Birds by T. W. Lewin.

38 Libraries.

The collection is composed of the following sets : —

22 original water-colour drawings of Plants made in the north-western
provinces of India in 1796, with autograph descriptions (B).

56 water-colour sketches of Plants from the neighbourhood of Pletten-
burg Bay, S. Africa, by "C. H. W." and "I. W. B.," with autograph
descriptions by Major-General Hardwicke, 1812 (B).

Water-colour drawings of Indian and Chinese animals (Z), viz., 194
Mammals, 1,230 Birds, 65 Birds'-nests and eggs, 366 Eeptiles, 813 Fish,
545 Insects, 94 Insect larvas, 58 Insects of Nepaul, 97 Arachnida, 233
Crustacea, 97 Mollusca and Radiata.

Water-colour drawings of animals of various countries (Z), viz., 35
Vertebrata and Invertebrata, 118 Mammals, 429 Birds, and 76 Birds by
T. W. Lewin.

These sets, which are bound in 32 volumes, were bequeathed by
Hardwicke with his specimens to the Museum in 1835, a sum of money
being at the same time left to defray the expense of publishing the
scientific description of them. The latter intention was, however, frus-
trated by a Chancery suit, instituted soon after his death. Some of the
drawings were used for plates in J. E. Gray's "Illustrations of Indian
Zoology," and Jardine and Selby's " Illustrations of Ornithology."

Hodgson (BRYAN HOUGHTON) [1800-1894]

The Indian Civilian and Orientalist, Hodgson, was appointed Assistant
Resident and, later, Resident in Nepaul. He made large zoological
collections in Nepaul, supplemented by water-colour drawings of the
Vertebrata, by native artists. These were sent home and presented to
the Museum in 1845 and 1858 ; the drawings number 1,319 in 7 volumes
(Z).

Hooker (Sir JOSEPH DALTON), G. C.S.I. [1817- ]
Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, from 1865 to 1885.
Hooker started on his career as Surgeon and Naturalist on the Erebus,
under Sir J. Ross, during the expedition to the Antarctic regions in
1839-43. Autograph lists of the plants collected, with notes and drawings
made during the early part of the expedition (B), and 28 water-colour
drawings and pencil sketches of Antarctic fish (Z), some of which were
utilised by Sir J. Richardson in illustrating his" zoology of the voyage,
are preserved in the Museum.

Hooker (Sir WILLIAM JACKSON) [1785-1865]
Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, from 1841 to 1865.
The original water-colour drawings by Franz A. Bauer for the plates

to Hooker's " Genera Filicum " are preserved in the Museum (B).

Horsfield (THOMAS) [1713-1859]

Horsfield practised as a physician in Java and Sumatra from 1799
to 1819, when he became Keeper of the East India Company's Museum
in London.

His manuscript lists of Javanese Plants, with letters and 33 original
pen-and-ink sketches showing dissections of the new or doubtful genera,
1814-51, that accompanied his collection, are in the Museum (B).

Houstoun (WILLIAM) [1695-1733]

Houstoun practised as a surgeon in the West Indies. His manu-
script lists and descriptions of West Indian Plants passed, after the death
of Philip Miller with whom he corresponded, into the hands of Sir J.

Libraries. 39

Banks, and form MSS. No. 67-69 (B) of the Banksian collection. The
catalogue was published by Banks under the title of "Reliquias Hou-
stounianaj " (1781).

Hunter (WILLIAM) [1755-1812]

The well-known Orientalist and Botanist, W. Hunter, was Medical
Officer to the East India Company.

His autograph " Outline of a Flora of Prince of Wales' Island "
(Penang), is in the Museum (B).

Inwards (RICHARD)

In 1898, Mr. Inwards presented a series of 42 water-colour sketches of
fossils obtained near Lake Titicaca, with a map of the district (Q-). The
fossils had already been given in 1880.

Jacquin (NICHOLAUS JOSEPH VON), Baron [1727-1817]

Jacquin, who was a Botanist of note, corresponded with Dryander.
His autograph notes and letters, with sketches and water-colour drawings,
were included in the Banksian Collection (B).

Jensen (FRITZ)

43 pencil drawings, with manuscript explanations, of the vegetation of
Lifu, Loyalty Island, made in 1876 by F. Jensen, were purchased (B).

Johnson (THOMAS) [ -1644]

The Botanist and Apothecary, T. Johnson, became a prominent
member of the Apothecaries' Company. The Society was in the habit of
making botanical excursions, and Johnston published accounts of the
results of their expeditions into Kent and to Hampstead Heath. Manu-
script transcripts by S. Dale of these, the earliest local Floras known,
form the Banksian MS. No. 96 (B).

Judd (JOHN WESLEY), O.B. [1840- ]

In 1897, Dr. Judd presented three photographic facsimiles of maps
and of a table by W. Smith (G).

Justen (FREDERICK)

In addition to many minor presentations at various times, Mr. Justen
gave in 1890 a copy of the rare and valuable " Salictum Woburnense "
(B), and in 1896, three volumes containing notes and descriptions, with a
few drawings, of Peruvian Plants by A. Mathews (B).

Kaup (JOHANN JACOB) [1803-1873]

Kaup was Inspector of the " Naturaliencabinet " at Darmstadt. His
original drawings for the illustrations to his " Catalogue of Apodal Fish
in the . . . British Museum," 1856, are preserved in the Museum (Z).
Water-colour drawings by him, chiefly of fossil vertebrata remains, are in
the Owen Collection (L) and Geological Collection (G) of drawings.
Kerr (WILLIAM) [ -1814]

As Botanical Collector for Kew Gardens, Kerr, afterwards Superinten-
dent of the Botanical Garden, Ceylon, visited the Philippines. His
autograph journal of a "Botanical Mission to the Island of Luconia in. . .
1805 " is in the Museum (B).

Kirby (WILLIAM) [1759-1850]

Two MSS. of the Eev. W. Kirby, the entomologist and joint author
with W. Spence of the famous " Introduction to Entomology," are in the

40 Libraries.

Collection: an autograph MS. entitled "Musamm Entomologicum Bar-
hamense. Pars prima sistens Insecta M. Britannia indigene," which was
presented with their collections in 1863 by the Entomological Society,
and a manuscript catalogue of British Staphylinidse in 3 vol. presented by
Dr. J. E. Gray in 1869.

Knowlton (THOMAS) [1692-1782]

Knowlton began life as Superintendent of Dr. Sherard's garden at
Elthain, and in 1728 entered the service of Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of
Burlington, at Lanesborough, Yorks. He attained eminence as a botanist,
and corresponded with many noted contemporaries, including S. Brewer.
Knowlton's letters to Brewer between 1728 and 1741 are preserved in the
Collection (B).

K0nig (JOHAN GERHARD) [1728-1785]

K0nig, a Danish Medical Missionary in Tranquebar, kept journals of
his voyages with lists and descriptions of East Indian (including Siam
and Malacca) Plants, Animals, and Minerals. These form the Banksian
MSS., No. 37-55 (B). An English translation of such portions as relate
to the Straits Settlements appeared in the Journ. Straits Branch Roy.
Asiatic Soc., Nos. 26 and 27 (1894).

Lambert (AYLMER BOURKE) [1761-1842]

In 1841, Lambert presented a copy of Cramer's " Papillons exotiques,"
formerly the property of H. Seymer, by whom it had been annotated
and some of the plates re-touched (Z).

At the sale of Lambert's library in 1842 the Museum acquired the
MSS. of H. Ruiz Lopez and J. Pa von relating to their botanical exploration
of Peru and Chili in 1777-88, and including the journal of the voyage
and description of plants (B).

The original drawings by Ferdinand L. Bauer for some of the plates
to Lambert's " Genus Pinus" with one of the 25 copies of vol. i. coloured
by Franz A. Bauer, are preserved (B).

Lee (ANN), Miss [fl, 1769-1779]

Ann Lee, daughter of James Lee, of Hammersmith, the Horticulturist,
was an excellent flower-painter.

19 water-colour drawings by her, mostly on vellum, illustrating the
genus Mesembryanthemum, are preserved in the Museum (B).

Lee (CHARLES)

In 1884, 87 water-colour drawings of Cape Plants by F. Masson (B)
were presented by C. Lee, nephew of the foregoing.

Lewin (THOMAS W.)

75 water-colour drawings of Birds by Lewin form part of the
Hardwicke Collection of drawings (Z).

L'Heritier de Brutelle (CHARLES Louis) [1748-1800]

A series of 51 autograph letters from L'fleritier de Brutelle, one of the
most celebrated French Botanists of his time, to Dryander, form one of
the Banksian MSS. [No. 101] (B).

Lightfoot (JOHN) [1735-1788]

The Rev. J. Lightfoot, some time Librarian and Chaplain to the
Duchess of Portland, and the author of " Flora Scotica," kept a journal

Libraries. 41

of a botanical excursion made in Wales in 1775, of which a transcript by
Solander forms the Banksian MS., No. 86 (B).

Lind (JAMES) [1736-1812]

The Scotch physician J. Lind, visited China in 1766, and accompanied
Banks on his voyage to Iceland in 1772, he subsequently became physician
to the Koyal Household at Windsor.

A holograph " Catalogue of such Chinese and Japanese Plants whose
Chinese characters are known and are botanically described: being an
Index to find there [sic] Chinese characters in Kempfer's Amamitates
exoticse," &c., 1789, addressed to Sir Joseph Banks formed part of the
Banksian Collection (B).

Lindley (JOHN) [1799-1865]

An early autograph draft by the celebrated Botanist Lindley for his

" Natural System of Botany " is preserved in the Museum (B). 74 water-
colour drawings of Plants, by Lindley, were purchased in 1897 (B).

Linne (CARL VON) [1707-1778]

A series of lectures delivered by the great Swedish Naturalist between
1746 and 1749, and written down by L. Montin, form the Banksian MSS.,
No. 71-75 (B M Z).

Linnean Society of London

Presented, in 1896, 33 miscellaneous works.

Lockhead (WILLIAM) [ -1815]

Lockhead was curator of the St. Vincent Botanic Garden.

19 of his original drawings of West Indian Plants are preserved in the

Museum (B).

Lonsdale (WILLIAM) [1794-1871]

Lonsdale, who was some time Curator and Librarian to the Geological
Society, made a special study of Fossil Corals.

His unpublished autograph, "Report on some Fossil Zoantharia
collected by Sir C. Lyell ... in Madeira and the Islet of Baxio during
1854," is preserved in the Museum (G-).

Loureiro (Jolo DE) [1715-1796]

The Portuguese Jesuit Loureiro, who travelled in Indo-China, and
wrote a "Flora Cochinchinensis," sent to England original descriptions of
the new genera, that form the Banksian MS., No. 93 (B).

MacGillivray (WILLIAM) [1796-1852]

213 of the original water-colour drawings of British Animals
(13 Mammals, 122 Birds, and 78 Fish) executed between 1831 and 1841
by the celebrated Naturalist, W. MacGillivray, who was noted for the
care and fidelity of his drawings, were presented in 1892 by his son
P. H. MacGillivray (Z).

Maconochie (ALEXANDER)

Capt. Maconochie, K.N., Lieut.-Governor of Norfolk Island, gave to
R. Brown a series of autograph " Reports on Norfolk Island," containing
natural history observations (B).

42 Libraries.

Mantell (GIDEON ALGERNON) [1790-1852]

Some water-colour drawings of fossils by the well-known Geologist,
Dr. Mantell, are included in the " Catalogue of Fossil Organic Remains
in the Cabinet of Mrs. M. H. Smith of Tunbridge Wells," which was
presented in 1892 (G).

Martini (BAETOLOMMEO)

Martini was author of a "Catalogus Plantarum a me in itinere
montis Baldi inventarum," published in 1707.

The manuscript of a further work by him dated 1715, entitled
" Catalogo al fassiculo di Monte Baldo delle Piante naturali," is in the
Museum (B).

Martyn (JOHN) [1699-1768], and (THOMAS). [1735-1825]

A series of the autograph letters of these Botanists form the Banksian
MS. [No. 103] (B).

Massee (GEORGE EDWARD)

Some drawings of Fungi were presented in 1888 by Mr. Massee, now
Principal Assistant, Royal Gardens, Kew.

1,036 of his water-colour drawings of Fungi were purchased in
1892 (B).

Masson (FRANCIS) [1741-1805]

The first botanical collector sent out from Kew Gardens was F. Masson,
who travelled in South Africa, the Canaries, Azores, Madeira, the West
Indies and North America.

A number (about 63) of his water-colour drawings of Plants and
Animals made on these expeditions were in the Banksian Collection
(BZ).

In 1885, a further series of 87 of his water-colour drawings of Plants
were presented by Mr. C. Lee (B).

Mathews (ANDREW) [ -1841]

Some notes with a few pencil drawings of Peruvian Plants by the
Botanical collector, A. Mathews, forming 3 volumes, were presented by his
daughters in 1896 (B).

Maund (BENJAMIN) [1790-1863]

B. Maund combined in his person the callings of chemist, botanist,
bookseller, printer, and publisher of " The Botanic Garden."

The original water-colour drawings for this work were presented in
1882 (B).

Miers (JOHN) [1789-1879]

The engineer and botanist, J. Miers, spent many years in South
America. His MSS., including "A Catalogue of the Woods of Brazil"
and original drawings of South American Plants and their dissections,
as well as the works used and annotated by him, were presented by
J. W. Miers in 1879 and 1880 (B).

Miller (JOHN), otherwise Miiller (JOHANN SEBASTIAN)

[1715?-1790?]

Miiller, the draughtsman and engraver, came to England in 1744, and
was always known after 1760 as John Miller. He published and projected
several illustrated works dealing with Plants and Insects.

Libraries. 43

" A series of 928 drawings [in water-colour] of the leaves, stalks and
ramifications of Plants . . . executed for the Earl of Bute, in the years
1783-84," in 5 vols., was purchased in 1880 (B).

Miller (JOHN FREDERICK) [fl. 1775-1796]

The son of John Miller (or Miiller), J. F. Miller became known as a
draughtsman.

He and his brother James were employed by Banks in making finished
drawings from S. Parkinson's sketches of the Plants collected during
Cook's first voyage round the world : he also accompanied Banks in 1772
to Iceland as botanical artist. His water-coloured drawings so made form
part of the Banksian Collection (B).

Montin (LARS)

Certain of Linnaeus' lectures delivered between 1746 and 1749, and
written down by his pupil L. Montin, form the Banksian MSS. No. 71-75
(B, M, Z), while the journal Montin kept on a journey he made in 1749
to Lapland forms the Banksian MS. No. 83 (B).

Moon (ALEXANDER) [ -1825]

37 original water-colour drawings by A. Moon, Superintendent of the
Botanic Garden, Ceylon, with autograph descriptions of Ceylon Plants,
are preserved in the Museum (B).

Morandi (GIAMBATTISTIA)

Morandi, Knight, of Milan, was author of an " Historia Botanica
Practica," etc., 1744 : a manuscript draft for this work, said to be in his
handwriting, entitled, "Erudimenta Botanica," etc., and illustrated by
133 plates of his original drawings, is preserved (B).

Morris (JOHN) [1810-1886]

226 pamphlets on Geological subjects from the library of Prof. Morris-
were acquired in 1886 (G-).

Moseley (HARRIET), Miss [fl. 1836-1867]

1,922 original water-colour drawings of British Plants, by Miss-
Moseley, were purchased 1886 (B).

Moseley (HENRY NOTTIDGE) [1844-1891]

Moseley formed one of the members of the scientific staff of the
Challenger. His autograph journal of natural history observations
made during the voyage was presented by him in 1883 (Z).

Neill (J.)

Neill, who was Deputy Assistant Commissary-General of Albany, King
George's Sound, Western Australia, made, at the suggestion of Governor
Grey, water-colour drawings of the Vertebrata of the district. 67 of these,
some of which illustrate and are referred to in Eyre's "Journals of
Expeditions of discovery into Central Australia " (1845), were presented
by Mr. Neill in 1845 (Z).

Nodder (FREDERICK POLYDORE) [ -1800?]

The botanical draughtsman F. P. Nodder was employed by Banks to
make finished drawings, from Parkinson's sketches, of the Plants collected,
during Cook's first voyage round the world, which drawings form part of
of the Banksian Collection (B).

44 Libraries.

Noronha (FERNANDO) [ -1787]

The Spanish botanist F. Noronha or Noroila, who did much at
Manilla to the Koyal Botanic Gardens, subsequently travelled in Java and
Madagascar.

A set of 111 water-colour drawings of Java Plants made by him, or
for him, of which there is a similar set in the Royal Library at Berlin,
were included among the MSS. and drawings of L. A. Deschamps, that
were presented by J. E. Eeeves in 1861 (B).

Owen (Sir RICHARD), KC.B. [1804-1892]

Sir E. Owen was Superintendent of the Natural History Departments
of the British Museum, 1856-83.

In 1893, Sir E. Owen's executors presented a large series of MSS. and
original drawings including : —

The original autograph notes made while dissecting the Pearly Nautilus,
the successive drafts for portions of the memoir, the author's interleaved
copy of the completed memoir with his autograph notes and other
memoranda as well as the original water-colour drawings from which the
plates were engraved, and proof impressions of the plates (L).

The set of his manuscript notes and synopsis of lectures from 1828 to
1864 (L).

Notes and sketches of remains of fossil Eeptilia in various Museums,
made when preparing his British Association Eeports on the British
Fossil Eeptilia (G-).

A set of original water-colour drawings by W. Clift, Franz Bauer,
Mrs. Marsh and others for the illustrations to Sir E. Home's papers (L).

A very large collection of original drawings by various artists
{e.g., G. Scharf, J. Dinkel, J. J. Kamp, Sir E. Landseer, J. Wolf) in
water-colour, pen-and-ink and pencil, with photographs, all of zoological
and palajozoological subjects, mostly fossil Vertebrata, very many being
the originals for illustrations in Sir E. Owen's own works (L).

This collection though mounted and arranged has not yet been
catalogued.

Park (MUNGO) [1771-1806]

Afterwards celebrated as an African explorer, Mungo Park went in
1792 as surgeon on board the Worcester to Sumatra, where he made
botanical and zoological observations. 20 water-colour drawings of Fish
executed at the time with manuscript descriptions of six of the species
were probably included in the Banksian Collection (Z).*

Parkinson (GEORGE S.)

In 1896, a series of 185 sketches in water-colour, pen-and-ink and
pencil by G. Shaw, the zoologist, as well as a portrait of S. Parkinson
the artist (L), were presented by Mr. G. S. Parkinson.

Parkinson (SYDNEY) [17451-1771]

Parkinson accompanied Banks as draughtsman on Cook's first voyage
round the world (1768-71).

40 water-colour drawings of animals, mostly on vellum, made from
specimens or drawings executed in India, by order of J. G. Loten, and
including the originals of some of the figures in Pennant's "Indian
Zoology " and " Quadrupeds," formed the Banksian MS. No. 20 (Z).

* Cf. Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. (1797), pp. 33-38.

Libraries. 45

The large collection in 19 volumes of his water-colour drawings and
pencil sketches of Plants and Animals made on the voyage round the
world, with finished drawings made from his sketches by T. Burgis,
J. Cleveley, Jas. Miller, J. F. Miller and F. P. Nodder, were also acquired
with the Bauksian Collection (B, Z).

A portrait of Parkinson in oils was presented in 1896 (L).

Pavon (JOSE) [fl. 1770-1825]

The Spanish botanist, Pavon, accompanied Euiz Lopez to Peru and
Chili.

In addition to the manuscripts named later under Euiz Lopez, the
Museum possesses autograph lists of American and Spanish plants
forwarded by Pavon to A. B. Lambert (B).

Petiver (JAMES) [ -1718]

A set of 73 rough water-colour drawings of Cape Plants, some of
which were used for the plates to Petiver's " Gazophyllacium," forms
the Banksian MS. No. 88 (B).

The copy of Bumph's " D'Amboinische Eariteitkamer," used by
Petiver in the preparation of the " Grazophyllacium," and having an
interlinear manuscript translation, was transferred in 1889 from the
Printed Book Department : it would seem to have previously formed part
of Sir Hans Sloane's library (L).

Plumier (CHARLES) [1646-1704]

The French botanist and traveller, C. Plumier, was author of many
works on American Plants.

312 original water-colour and pen-and-ink drawings of Plants many
of which were used in illustrating his published works, form the Banksian
MS. No. 1-5 (B).

Ponthieu (HENRY DE)

Autograph descriptions of some West Indian Plants, by H. de
Ponthieu, a French West Indian Merchant, are preserved in the
Museum (B).

Pope (CLARA MARIA), Mrs. [ -1838]

Eleven original water-colour drawings illustrating species and varieties
of the genus Poeonia, executed in 1821 or 1822 by Mrs. Pope, the artist
and flower painter to the Horticultural Society, are preserved in the
Museum (B).

Pulteney (RICHARD) [1730-1801]

The original autograph of Pulteney's " Catalogue of Plants spontaneously
growing about Loughborough," forms the Banksian MS. No. 90 (B).

A manuscript " Flora Malabarica, Plantas sistane, quas H. van Eheede
Drakenstein . . . prsebuit. Synonimis Linntei, Eaii and Ehumphii additis
per E. Pulteney," forms the Banksian MS. No. 26 (B).

The Museum also possesses his autograph " Catalogue of English
Plants," and unpublished " Flora Anglica abbreviata " (B).

Ramsay (ROBERT GEORGE WARDLAW-), Captain

The Ornithological Library of the Marquess of Tweeddale was pre-
sented in 1887 by his nephew, Capt. Wardlaw-Eamsay. The collection
comprises 698 works in 2,560 volumes, besides some 200 pamphlets, and
is kept for use in the Bird Eoom (Z).

46 Libraries.

Ray (JOHN) [1627-1705]

88 autograph letters of the celebrated naturalist, J. Ray, and his
correspondents, were presented in 1884 (B).

The original MS. of Derham's Life of Kay was acquired during the
same year (B).

Reeves (JOHN) [1774-1856]

J. Reeves, when Inspector of Tea at the East India Company's
establishment in Canton, made careful study of the natural history and
resources of the country. lie employed native artists in making water-
colour drawings of the Animals and Plants.

521 of these drawings of Animals (Z) and 654 of the Plants (B), were
presented in 1877 with MSS. notes concerning the drawings of Fish, of
which Sir J. Richardson states (Rept. Brit. Assoc., 1845, p. 188), that
four sets were made, one of which was given to Major-Gen. T. Hardwicke
whose collection of drawings was bequeathed to the Museum in 1835.

Reeves (JOHN RUSSELL) [1804-1877]

J. R. Reeves, the son of John Reeves, was in Hon. East India
Company's service at Canton for thirty years and devoted to botany and
horticulture.

He presented in 1861 the unpublished autograph journals of L. A.
Deschamps, kept on the voyage of the Recherche in search of La Perouse,
and during subsequent travels in Java, with the notes for a Flora Javanica
and the original sketches of Scenery, Animals and Plants, including 111
water-colour drawings of Java Plants by, or made for F. Noronha (B, Z).

On his death, Miss Reeves presented the collection of Chinese drawings
which her father, J. Reeves, had formed (B Z).

Roemer (JOHANN JACOB) [1763-1819]

210 original drawings, formerly the property of Dr. Roemer, were
purchased in 1883 (B).

Rothschild (Hon. LIONEL WALTER) [1868- ]

Life-size photographs of Apteryx and of giant Tortoises were presented
in 1897 and subsequent years (Z G L) by the Hon. L. W. Rothschild.

Roxburgh (WILLIAM) [1759-1815]

The botanist W. Roxburgh was surgeon on the Madras establishment
of the Hon. East India Company and afterwards Superintendent of the
Calcutta Botanic Garden.

The manuscript copy of his "Flora Indica," containing autograph
notes by him and by Robert Brown that are not in the printed edition ;
an index to the whole of his botanical MSS. ; 14 water-colour drawings
of Malayan Plants, with one of a Cycas from the Moluccas ; and some
autograph descriptions, with 22 coloured drawings of Indian Palms and
the drawings of the dissections, used in his "Plants of the Coast of
Coromandel," are in the Museum (B) : the last-named was purchased
in 1884.

Royal Society of London

The Royal Society presented, in 1886, 34 miscellaneous works, and, in
1891, 227 geological and palzeontological pamphlets (G-), as well as, by
request of H. B. Brady, a copy of Soldani's rare work " Testaceographise
ac Zoophytographiaj . . . tomus primus ( — secundus)" (L).

Libraries. 47

Kuiz Lopez (HIPOLITO) [1754-1815]

The Spanish botanist, Ruiz Lopez, was appointed to conduct an
expedition for the botanical exploration of Peru and Chili in 1777. He
was accompanied by J. Pavon, and the two returned in 1788.

Their joint manuscript descriptions of the Plants procured, which
formed the basis for their " Flora Peruviana et Chilensis," with Ruiz
Lopez's autograph " Relacion historica del Viage " and his important
manuscripts on Cinchona, were purchased at the sale of the Lambert
Library in 1842 (B).

Russell (ANNA), Mrs. [1807-1876]

730 of her original water-colour drawings of the higher Fungi were
bequeathed by Mrs. Russell in 1876, and 5 more were presented in
1886 (B).

Salisbury (RICHAKD ANTHONY) [1761-1829]

R. A. Salisbury, the botanist, left his property to W. J. Burchell the
explorer, on whose decease in 1863 the MSS. and drawings passed into
the hands of Dr. J. E. Gray, by whom they were given to the Museum
(B) in 1865.

Salisbury's notes and drawings of Ericaceous Plants were transferred
from the Royal Gardens at Kew in 1881 (B).

Salter (JOHN WILLIAM) [1820-1869]

J. W. Salter, the paleontologist, was apprenticed at the age of 15
to James De Carle Sowerby and when working with him prepared illus-
trations for the supplement to his English Botany. These original
drawings were acquired with Sowerby's in 1862 (B).

Saunders (WILLIAM WILSON) [1809-1879]

A number of drawings and engravings of Plants collected by W. W.
Saunders were acquired in 1880 (B).

Scharf (GEORGE) [1788-1860]

A number of original drawings, chiefly of fossil vertebrate remains,
by G. Scharf, form part of the Owen Collection of Drawings, presented
in 1893 (G- and L).

Schleiden (MATTHIAS JAKOB) [1804-1881]

A series of original water-colour and pen-and-ink drawings of Plants, by
M. J. Schleiden, Professor of Botany at Jena, with manuscript descriptions
of them, the whole bound in 9 volumes, were purchased in 1886 (B).

Schmidt (JOHANN GAEL) [1793-1850]

The Museum possesses an autograph work by J. C. Schmidt, the
Curator of the Shuttleworth Herbarium at Bern, entitled : — " Beschreibung
der innlandischen Arten von Cuscuta " (B).

Schomburgk (Sir ROBERT HERMANN) [1804-1865]

Sir R. H. Schomburgk, the traveller, acted as Commissioner for

delineating the boundary between British Guiana and Venezuela in

1841-43.

A manuscript of his memoir " On the Forest Trees of British Guiana

and their uses," etc., read before the British Association in 1844, and

subsequently to the Linnean Society, and printed by that Society in its

proceedings, is preserved in the Museum (B).

48 Libraries.

A series of 248 original water-colour drawings of Plants of British
Guiana was presented in 1847 in part by Sir Robert himself, and in
part by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Earl Grey (B).

Seyffert (HEINRICHUS CHRISTOPHORUS)

133 original water-colour drawings of Fungi, bv H. C. Seyffert, a
physician at Possneck, form the Banksian MS. No. 65 (B.)

Seymer (HENRY) [1745-1800]

A copy of Cramer's " Papillons exotiques " which had belonged to
H. Seymer of Hanford, Dorset, who had added the Linnean names and
retouched several of the coloured plates, was presented by A. B. Lambert
in 1841 (Z).

Shaw (GEORGE) [1751-1813]

185 of his original water-colour, pen-and-ink and pencil sketches, by
G. Shaw, Keeper of the Natural History Section of the British Museum,
1807-13, were presented in 1896 (L).

Sherard (WILLIAM) [1659-1728]

W. Sherard, the Botanist who was Consul at Smyrna, contributed
some notes and observations on the first two volumes of Ray's " Historia
Plantarum" and his MSS. endorsed by Ray, form the Banksian MS.
No. 80 (B).

Simpson (MARTIN) [1799-1892]

M. Simpson, the Geologist, was author of several works on the
geology and palaeontology of Yorkshire.

His original drawings of Belemnites for his book on " The Fossils of
the Yorkshire Lias," consisting of 8 unpublished plates, were presented
in 1899 (G).

Sloane (Sir HANS) [1660-1753]

The original manuscript catalogues of the natural history collections
of Sir H. Sloane, 15 volumes in all, the copy of his "Voyage to the
Islands Madera, Barbados . . . and Jamaica," &c., annotated in his own
hand-writing, the original drawings for the plates to that work (bound up
with the specimens from which they were made in the 8 volumes of
Sloane's Jamaica Herbarium) and his copy of Ray's " Historia Plantarum,"
with marginal references to his herbarium, and autograph addenda, may
be said to have formed the nucleus of the present Natural History
Library (B, G, M).

Some works containing manuscript notes by J. Petiver probably once
formed part of his library (B L).

A series of pen-and-ink drawings with autograph descriptions by
G. J. Camellus, entitled " Descriptiones Fruticum et Arborum Luzonis,"
etc., from Sir H. Sloane's library, was transferred from the MSS.
Department in 1884.

Smith (CHRISTIAN) [1785-1816]

A manuscript biography of Christian Smith, Prof, of Botany at the
University of Christiania, who travelled in the British Isles, to Madeira
and Tenerif and lost his life on Tuckey's Congo Expedition in 1816, is
preserved in the Museum (B).

Libraries. 49

Smith (CHARLES HAMILTON) [1776-1859]

Smith's original MS. on "Horses, the Equidas or genus Equus of
authors," illustrated with 100 water-colour drawings, is preserved in the
Museum (Z). It formed the basis for the volume in the " Naturalists'
Library."

Smith (CHRISTOPHER) [ -1806 ?]

183 original water-colour drawings of Plants from the Straits Settle-
ments by 0. Smith, Superintendent, Botanic Gardens, Moluccas, were
acquired' in 1885 (B).

Smith (EDWIN DALTON) [fl. 1823-1832]

56 original water-colour drawings by E. D. Smith for the illustrations
to E. Sweet's " Flora Australasica " are preserved in the Museum (B).

Smith (WILLIAM) [1769-1839]

Of the few but valuable maps, or their facsimiles, and memoirs by
W. Smith, "The Father of English Geology," the Museum possesses
(G):~

1. " Observations on ... Water Meadows . . . with an account of
Prisley Bog," 1H06.

2. Photograph of the original MS., in the possession of the Geological
Society, of a Table of the " Order of Strata and their embedded Organic
remains, in the vicinity of Bath, examined and proved prior to 1799."
This was dictated by Smith and written down by the Rev. Benjamin
Richardson at the house of the Rev. J. Townsend in 1799. It was revised
and printed in the "Memoir to the Map" in 1815. This facsimile was
presented to the Museum in 1897 by Prof. J. W. Judd.

3. A coloured photographic reproduction of " A map of five miles
round the City of Bath, on a scale of one inch and half to a mile . . .
1799," geologically coloured the same year by W. Smith, of which the
original is in the possession of the Geological Society, presented in 1897
by Prof. J. W. Judd.

4. A coloured photographic reproduction of the "General Map of
Strata found in England and Wales . . . 1801 " [Scale 1 in. = 37 m.
about], taken from the original in the possession of the Geological Society,
presented in 1897 by Prof. J. W. Judd.

5. A geological map begun in 1812 and completed in 1815 entitled,
" A delineation of the Strata of England and Wales with part of Scotland "
[Scale 1 in. = 5 m.], presented in 1880 by Mr. (afterwards Sir) A. W.
Franks.

6. " A Memoir to the Map," etc., 1815.

7. " A new Geological Atlas of England and Wales " [Scales from If
to 3£ m. = 1 in.], Pt. i.-iii. and vi. [Besides Pt. iv. and v. the maps of
Wilts, Cumberland and Westmoreland are wanting.] Purchased 1889.

8. " Strata identified by Organized Fossils," 1816.

9. " Stratigraphical System of Organized Fossils," 1817.

10. Six coloured geological views and sections across various parts
of England and Wales, 1817-19, formerly in the library of Smith's
nephew, J. Phillips (afterwards Professor of Geology at Oxford), pre-
sented by W. Topley in 1887.

11. A new Geological Map of England and Wales" [Scale 1 in. =
15 m.], 1827. Presented, in 1884, by W. Carruthers, who notes that it is
identical with editions dated 1820 and 1828.

12. " Synopsis of Geological Phenomena," 1832.

VOL. I. E

50 Libraries.

In 1872 "A Book about W. Smith, LL.D., and the Somersetshire
Coal-Canal," was projected by W. S. Mitchell ; his notes and photographs
with geologically coloured keys were purchased, circa 1890 (G-).

Smith (WORTHINGTON GEORGE) [1835- ]

In 1886 Mr. Worthington G. Smith presented a set of proofs on India
paper of his illustrations to J. Stevenson's " Hymenomycetes Britannici"
(B).

A large series (upwards of 1,500) of water-colour drawings of Fungi,
as well as a complete series of the British Hymenomycetes; 39 water-
colour drawings of British Orchidace*, and 26 plates of pen-and-ink
drawings of Pollen Grains, executed by Mr. Smith are in the Botanical
Department Collection of Drawings, or exhibited in the Public Gallery
(B).

Society of Antiquaries

Presented, in 1895, 38 miscellaneous works.

Solander (DANIEL CHARLES) [1736-1782]

Solander, the Swedish botanist, and pupil of Linnasus, became Assistant
Librarian at the British Museum and at the same time acted as librarian
to Sir J. Banks. He accompanied the latter on Capt. J. Cook's first
voyage round the world (1768-71), and the complete set of his auto-
graph notes made during that voyage, from the original rough notes to the
completed descriptions, with lists of the various local faunas and floras are
preserved (B Z), as well as a series of lists of the Plants collected by
W. Anderson during Cook's third voyage (1776-80) in the order in which
they were arranged in the drying books in which they were brought
home (B).

A " Florula India? Occidentalis" and a "Florula Capensis" contain
complete lists of the then known species from those regions (B).

A descriptive slip-catalogue of Animals and Plants,* which was
intended to embrace all species then known, systematically arranged and
kept in Solander cases, has since been bound and occupies, Animals 27
(Z), and Plants 25 volumes (B).

Lists and descriptions by Solauder of the Plants (B), and Fish (Z),
obtained during the visit with Banks to Iceland in 1772, as well as many
other manuscripts written in connection with his curatorship of the
Banksian Museum, came with those before mentioned in that Collection.

Many of the above manuscripts are interspersed with notes in Banks'
handwriting.

Soldani (AMBROGIO) [1733-1808]

A copy of Soldani's rare work " Testaceographiaa ac Zoophytographia?
parvse et microscopicaj tomus primus (— secundus)," was by bequest of
H. B. Brady presented by the Koyal Society in 1891 (L).

Sowerby (JAMES) [1757-1822]

James Sowerby, naturalist and artist, illustrated many works on
natural history.

His original drawings for Plates i., ii. and xii. of Aiton's "Hortus
Kewensis," form part of the Banksian MS. No. 17 (B).

* The Plant Catalogue practically formed the base of Aiton's " Hortus
Kewensis " and also relates to the Banksian Herbarium.

Libraries. 51

The original drawings for No. 2-4 of Dickson's " Fasciculus Plantarum
Cryptogamarum Britannia," form the Banksian MS. No. 21 (B).

The original water-colour drawings for the " English Botany," over
2,500 in number, were purchased in 1859 (B).

The original water-colour drawings for his " English Fungi," were
presented in 1876, and have been incorporated in the collection of
drawings of Fungi (B).

Sowerby (JAMES DE CABLE) [1787-1871]

James De Carle Sowerby was well known both as a naturalist and
artist.

His original water-colour drawings for the illustrations to the " Sup-
plement to English Botany " were purchased in 1862 (B).

29 plates of original water-colour drawings of mosses, dated 1803,
from which the plates to Dawson Turner's " Muscologiai Hibernicse
Spicilegium " were engraved, were purchased in 1866 (B).

The set of 65 original water-colour drawings of Chelonia to illustrate
J. Bell's "Monograph of the Testudinata," and subsequently utilised for
Sowerby and Lear's " Tortoises," was presented in 1875 (Z).

Spaendonck (GERBIT VAN) [1746-1822]

70 water-colour drawings of Flowers after Nature, by Gr. Spaendonck,
the celebrated botanical artist at the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, were
purchased in 1885 (B).

Stephens (WILLIAM) [fl. 1718-1732]

A " Catalogus Plantarum in Horto Dubliniensi," in part in the hand-
writing of W. Stephens, Botanist and Lecturer at Trinity College, Dublin,
forms the Banksian MS. No. 92 (B).

Sweet (ROBERT) [1783-1835]

The 56 original water-colour drawings by E. D. Smith for Sweet's
" Flora Australasica " are preserved in the Museum (B).

Thunberg (CABL PEHB) [1743-1822]

An autograph " Flora Capensis " made some time prior to 1782 by the
celebrated Swedish naturalist Thunberg (that is of interest as showing
the state of the work at that time as contrasted with its extension when
first published in 1820), with a transcript in Dryander's handwriting, were
among the Banksian MSS. (B).

Tilli (MICHAEL ANGELUS) [1655-1740]

An autograph " Specimen Plantarum qua? in Horto Medico Sapientias
Pisanfe locisque finitimis extant" 1713-30 (3 vol.), by M. A. Tilli, Pro-
fessor of Botany at Pisa, forms the Banksian MS. [No. Ill], (B).

Topley (WILLIAM) [1841-1894]

A set of the six views and geological sections of various parts of
England and Wales, made by W. Smith in 1817-19 (G-), was presented
in 1887 by W. Topley, the Geologist.

Tournefort (JOSEPH PITTON DE) [1656-1708]

A copy of the manuscript of the celebrated French Botanist Tournefort,
entitled "Catalogue des Plantes que M. P. de Tournefort trouva dans
ses voyages d'Espagne et de Portugal," forms the Banksian MS., No. 82
(B).

F, 9

52 Libraries.

Toynbee (Mrs. HENRY)

189 original water-colour drawings of Marine Animals and Plants
made by Mrs. Toynbee during voyages between England and India, vi&
the Cape, in 1856-58, with manuscript notes, were presented in 1895 by
Capt. H. Toynbee (Z).

Tweeddale. AKTHUB HAY, 9fA Marquess of [1824-1878]

The Marquess of Tweeddale, traveller and ornithologist, formed an
extensive library, which, numbering 698 works in 2,560 volumes with
about 200 pamphlets, was presented by his nephew, Capt. R. G. Wardlaw-
Ramsay, in 1887 (Z). This collection is kept for use in the Bird Room.

Upsala Royal University

187 dissertations dealing with natural history subjects, and usually
very difficult to obtain, were presented by the Royal University of Upsala
in 1896. The University has since from time to time given other similar
publications.

Watelet (ADOLPHE) [1811-1879]

Watelet, the palseobotanist, was author of a " Description des Plantes
fossiles du bassin de Paris," 1866. The original pencil drawings for the
plates to that work, with 21 additional unpublished ones, and their
descriptions in manuscript, were purchased in 1880 (Q-).

Watling (THOMAS)

Watling was sent out to New South Wales by J. Lee to collect plants.
71 foil, of water-colour drawings of Natives, Animals, and Plants from,
the neighbourhood of Port Jackson form the Banksian MS., No. 34 (B;.
Some of these are the originals used in drawing the plates for J. White's
" Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales " (1790). A further and
very extensive series made between 1788 and 1792, and containing some
figures of Birds that formed the types of J. Latham's descriptions in the
supplement to his "General Synopsis of Birds," was purchased in
1902 (Z).

Watson (HEWETT COTTRELL) [1804-1881]

The manuscript records used in the compilation of Watson's " Cybele
Britannica " were presented in 1887 (B).

Wheeler (EDWIN), of Clifton [1833- ]

2,449 water-colour drawings of British Fungi, made between 1880
and 1895 by Mr. Wheeler, were presented in 1895 (B).

White (JOHN) [1788-96]

White went as surgeon-general to Botany Bay. The original draw-
ings by T. Watlins; used for some of the plates of White's "Journal of a
Voyage to New South Wales " are included in the Banksian MS. No. 34
(B).

Wigg (LILLY) [1749-1828]

An autograph " Catalogue of Esculent Plants," 1810, by L. Wigg,
botanist, of Great Yarmouth, is preserved in the Museum (B).

Wilson (WILLIAM) \fl 1799-1871]

W. Wilson, the botanist, was author of " Muscologia Britannica."
His original drawings and notes, as well as his correspondence (filling

Libraries. 53

12 volumes) relating to Mosses, were purchased with his Herbarium m
1874 (B).

Windt (L. E.)

A manuscript on " The Barberry Bush, an enemy to Winter Corn,"
1806, translated from the German original of L. E. Windt, that was
published 1806, is in the Museum (B).

Wolf (JOSEF) [1820-1899]

Original water-colour drawings of the Aye-aye, by Wolf, are included
in the Owen Collection of Drawings (L).

Woodward (SAMUEL PICKWOETH) [1821-1865]

A manuscript, "Catalogue of Fossil Organic Kemains in tho Cabinet

of Mrs. M. H. Smith, of Tunbridge Wells," 1845, with water-colour

drawings by S. P. Woodward (who compiled the Catalogue), W. H.

Bensted, and others, was presented in 1892 (G-).

Some original drawings by Woodward are included in the Davidson

collection of drawings of Brachiopoda, which was presented in 1886 (G-).

Young (WILLIAM) [fl. 1753-1784]

302 water-colour drawings of Plants from North and South Carolina
made in 1767 by W. Young, with manuscript title, index, and dedication,
form the Banksian MS. No. 24 (B).

4. LIST OP CURRENT SERIAL PUBLICATIONS PRESENTED TO THE
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

Date Initial of
when Library
presenta- in which
tion the Serial
hegan. is kept.
A.— BRITISH ISLANDS.
ABERDEEN.

University of Aberdeen.

Calendar. 1894-5— > 1894 L

ALNWICK.

Berwickshire Naturalists' Chib.

History. Vol. ix-> 1887 L

BARKOW-IN-FURNESS.

Harrow Naturalists' Field Club.

Annual Report. Vol. xv— > .... 1902 L

BATH.

Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club.

Proceedings. Vol. vi, pt. 2— > . . . .1888 L

BELFAST.

Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society.

Report and Proceedings. 1871-2— > . . . 1887 L

Belfast Naturalist*' Field Club.

Annual Report and Proceedings. New Series.

Vol. iii, No. 5-> 1892 L

54 Libraries.

Date Initial of
when Library
presenta- in which
tion the Serial
began. is kept.
BIRMINGHAM.

Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society.

Proceedings. Vol. vi— > 1889 L

BRIGHTON.

Avicultural Society.

Avicultural Magazine. Vol. i (1894)-> . . 1895 Z

Brighton and Hove Natural History and Philosophical

Society.

Annual Keport. 1892— > . . . . 1892 L

BRISTOL.

Bristol Naturalists' Society.

Proceedings. Series III, vol. v, pt. 3— > . . 1888 L

B u RTON-ON-TRENT.

Burton-on-Trent Natural History Society.

Transactions. Vol. i— > 1894 L

CAMBRIDGE.

Cambridge Philosophical Society.

Transactions. Vol. xiv— > 1885 L

Proceedings. Vol. v, pt. 2-> .... 1885 L

University of Cambridge.
Annual Report of the Museums and Lecture Rooms

Syndicate. No. 1— > 1896 L

CARDIFF.

Cardiff Naturalists' Society.

Report and Transactions. Vol. xix, pt. 2-> . . 1888 L

CHELTENHAM.

Cheltenham College Natural History Society.

Report of the Proceedings. 1895-> . . .1890 L

CHESTER.

Chester Society of Natural Science.
Annual Report. No. 17-> . . . .1888 L

Proceedings. No. 4 — > 1894 L

CROYDON.

Croydon Microscopical and Natural History Club.

Proceedings. 1884-6— > 1886 L

DORCHESTER.

Dorset Naturalists' Field Club.

Proceedings. Vol. xx-> . . ... 1900 L

DOVGLAS, ISLE OF MAN.

Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society.

Yn Lioar Manninagh. Vol. i-» . . . 1889 L

DUBLIN.

Royal Dublin Society.

Scientific Transactions. Vol. iii, no. 14-> . . 1888 L

Scientific Proceedings. Vol. v, no. 7— > . . 1888 L

Economic Proceedings. Vol. i— >. . . . 1900 L

Eoyal Irish Academy.

Transactions. Vol. xxix, pt. 2— >. . . . 1888 L

Proceedings. Ser. II, vol. iv, pt. 6 -> . . . 1888 L

University of Dublin.
Notes from the Botanical School of Trinity College.

No. ]-> 1896 B

Calendar. 1882— > 1888 L

University of Ireland.
Calendar. 1889— > 1889 L

Libraries. 55

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

DUMFRIES.

Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and
Antiquarian Society.

Transactions. 1886-7— > 1888 L

EALING.

Eating Natural Science and Microscopical Society.

Annual Report. No. 5— > 1888 L

EASTBOURNE.

Eastbourne Natural History Society.

Transactions. New Series. Vol. ii, pt. 2— > . .1889 L

EDINBURGH.

Edinburgh Field Naturalists' and Microscopical Society.

Transactions. Vol. i— > 1889 L

Edinburgh Geological Society.

Transactions. Vol. vi— > 1893 G

Fishery Board for Scotland.

Annual Keport. No. 3— > 1886 Z

Royal Physical Society.

Proceedings. Vol. ix, pt. 3— > .... 1889 L

Eoyal Scottish Geographical Society.

Scottish Geographical Magazine. Vol. iv, no. 3— > 1888 L

Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Transactions. Vol. xxxiii. pt. 2— > . . . 1888 L

Proceedings. Vol. xiv, no. 125— > . . . 1888 L

University of Edinburgh.

Calendar. 1888-9-^> 1888 L

EPSOM.

Epnom College Natural History Society.

Keport. No. 1— > 1894 L

FALMOUTH.

Jloyal Cornwall Polytechnic Society.

Animal Eeports. No. 55— > . . . .1888 L

FELSTED.
Felsted School Natural History Society.

Keport. No. l-> . . . . • » . 1888 L

FOLKESTONE.

Folkestone Natural History Society.

Proceedings. No. 1— > . . ... 1886 L

GLASGOW.

Geological Society.

Transactions. Vol. viii— > .... 1890 G

Natural History Society.

Transactions. New Series, vol. ii— > . . . 1888 L

Philosophical Society.

Proceedings. Vol. xviii-> 1888 L

University of Glasgow.

Calendar. l»!M-5-> 1894 L

GLOUCESTER.

Cotteswold Naturalist*' Field Club.

Proceedings. Vol. ix, pt. 2-» . . . 1888 I.

HALIFAX, Yorlis.

Halifax Naturalist. Vol. i— > - 1896 L

56 Libraries.

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

HEREFORD.

Woolliope Naturalists' Field Club.

Transactions. 1881-2— > . . .' . 1888 L

HULL.
Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists' Club.

Transactions. Vol. i— > . . - •. ; • ,- ^ . 1899 L

IPSWICH.

Suffolk Institute of Archxology and Natural History.

Proceedings. Vol. x, pt. 3-> .... 1901 L

KEW.
Kew Guild.

Journal. 1893-> 1893 B

Royal Gardens.
Bulletin. Vol. i-> 1887 B

Geological Association.

Transactions. Vol. i-> 1886 G

Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.

Reports. No. Ixi— > 1891 L

Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society.

Proceedings. Vol. vii-> 1890 G

LlVEHPOOL.

Liverpool Biological Society.

Proceedings. Vol. i-> _ 1889 L

Liverpool Geological Association.

Transactions. Vol. vii— > 1889 G

Liverpool Geological Society.

Proceedings. Vol. iii— > 1889 G

Liverpool Museums.

Bulletin. Vol. i-> 1897 L

University of Licerpool.

Calendar. 1901-2— > 1902 L

LONDON.

Admiralty. — Hydrographical Department.

Admiralty Charts 1887 L

Board of Agriculture.

Journal. Vol. i-> (2 copies) .... 1894 B, Z

Chsmkal News. Vol. lviii-> 1888 M

Chemical Society.

Journal. Vol. lv-> 1889 M

Proceedings. Vol. v— > 1890 M

City of London College Science Society.

Journal. No. 4— > 1889 L

City of London Entomological and Natural History
Society.

Transactions. 1891— > 1892 L

Climate. Vol. i— > 1900 L

Entomological Society.

Transactions. 1899— > 1899 Z

Geological Society.

Quarterly Journal. Vol. xlv-> .... 1889 G

Geological Survey.

[Memoirs] G

[The Maps are now supplied by the Ordnance Survey]

Libraries. 57

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial
began. is kept.
LONDON — continued.
Geologists' Association.
Proceedings. Vol. viii-> . . . . 1885 G

Journal of Tropical Mtdicine. Vol. iv-
I/innean Society.

Proceedings. Session 1887--8— > .

Journal (Botany). Vol. xxiii— > .
(Zoology). Vol. xx->

1901 L

1890 L

1888 B

1888 Z

Transactions (Botany). Series II., vol. iii— > 1888 B

(Zoology). Series II., vol. iv-> . 1888 Z

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine.

Vol. xxv-» 1888 M

Mineralogical /Society.

Mineralogical Magazine. Vol. viii— > . . .1888 M

Odontological Society.

Transactions. Vol. xxxv— > .... TJ02 L

Palseontographical Society.

Monographs. Vol. xxxvii— > .... 1883 O-

Phannaceutical Society.

Journal. Vol. ?— > . « : ..... ? B

Royal Jtotanic Society.

Quarterly Record. 18SO-> 1892 B

lloyal Colonial Institute.

Journal. Vol. xxiv-> .... . ' . . 1898 It-

Royal Geographical Society.

Proceedings. Vol. x, pt. :> — xiv [cout. as]\ 1C{8o j

The Geographical Journal. Vol. i-> J '

Supplementary Papers. Vol. ii, no. '2 — > . . 1888 Ir

Year Book. 1898— > ...'... 1898 L

Royal Horticultural Society.

Journal. Vol. i—> . . . . . . 1889 B

Royal Institution.

Proceedings. Vol. xii-> 1888 IM

Royal Microscopical Society.

Journal. Vol. i— > 1882 Ii

Royal Society of London.

Philosophical Transactions. Vol. 178-> . . 1888 L

Proceedings. Vol. xliii-> .... 1888 L

Year Book. 1896-7— > . . . • ' '. . 1897 L

Selborne Society.

Nature Notes. Vol. i— > 1890 L

Society of Arts.

Journal. Vol. xl-> 1891 L

South-Eastern Union of Scientific Societies.

South-Ea stern Naturalist. 1900— > . . . 1902 L

South London Entomological and Natural History
Society.

Proceedings. 1S79— > 1888 L

Surveyors' Institution.

Transactions. Vol. xxvi— > 1893 L

University of London.

Calendar ....'.... L

Victoria Institute.

Journal of the Transactions. Vol. xx— > . .1888 L

58 Libraries.

Date Initial of
when Library
presenta- in which
tion the Serial
began. is kept.
LONDON — contin ued.
Zoological Society.

Proceedings. 1830-> . . . . . 1875 Z

Transactions. Vol. i-> 1861 Z

MANCHESTER.

Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Journal of Conchology. Vol. vi-> (2 copies) . 1892 G, Z
Literary and Philosophical Society.

Memoirs. Series IV, vol. vii, no. 2— > . . 1895 L

Manchester Field Naturalists' and Archieologists' Society.

Report. 1860— > 1896 L

Manchester Geological Society.

Transactions. Vol. xxi-> .... 1891 G

Manchester Microscopical Society.

Transactions. 1884— > 1889 L

Manchester Museum.

Notes. No. 1— > 1897 L

Eeport. 1889-90-> 1895 L

MARLBOHOUGH.
Maryborough College Natural History Society.

Report. No. 35— > 1890 L

NEWCASTLK-UNDEK-LYNE.
North Sta/ordshire Naturalists' Field Club.

Annual Report. 1887-> 1887 L

NEWCASTLE-VPON-TYNE.
Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham

and Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Natural History Transactions. Vol. viii, pt. 3-> . 1889 L

NORTHAMPTON.

Northamptonshire Natural History Society and Field
Club.

Journal. Vol. i— > 1883 L

NORWICH.

Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society.

Transactions. Vol. iv, pt. 3— > .... 1892 L

Norwich Castle Museum.

Report. 1894— > . i . . . 1901 L

OXFORD.

Oxford University Junior Scientific Club.

Journal (afterwards Transactions). Vol. 4— > . 1894 L

University of Oxford.
Annual Report of the Delegates of the University

Museum. No. 1— > 1894 L

Calendar. 1892-> 1892 L

PENZANCE.

Natural History and Antiquarian Society.

Report. 1892-3-> 1894 L

PERTH.

Perthshire Society of Natural Science.

Transactions and Proceedings. Vol. i, pt. 2— > .1892 L

PLYMOUTH.

Devonshire Association.
Transactions. Vol. xxi-> . . . . .1889 L

Libraries. 59

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

PLYMOUTH — continued.

Marine Biological Association.

Journal. Vol. i— » 1888 L

Municipal Museum and Art Gallery.

Keport. No. 1— > 1900 L

BEADING.

Heading Literary and Scientific Society.
Keport. 1887— > 1897 L

EOCHESTER.

Rochester Naturalists' Society.

Rochester Naturalist. Vol. i, no. 20— > . . 1888 L

RUGBY.
Rugby School Natural History Society.

Report. 1887— > 1888 L

ST. PETER'S PORT, Guernsey.

Guernsey Society of Natural Science.

Report. 1882— > 1889 L

SHREWSBURY.

Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club.

Transactions. Vol. i— > . . .- '., . 1899 L

Caradoc Record of Bare Facts. 1891— > . .1899 L

Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.

Transactions. Vol. xi, pt. 2— > .... 1888 L

SOUTHAMPTON.
Ordnance Survey.
Map of the British Islands on the scale of 1 in. = 1 m. 1887 L

Geologically coloured ..... 1902 Q-

SOUTHPORT.

Southport Society of Natural Science.

Report. No. l-> . . . . ' .: ' . 1892 L

STANHOPE.

Weardale Naturalists' Field Club.

Transactions. Vol. i— > . . . . . 1901 L

STIRLING.
Stirling Natural History and Archaeological Society.

Transactions. No. 1— > 1881 L

STHATFORD.
Essex Field Club.

Essex Naturalist. Vol. i-> .... 1887 L

TAUNTON.
Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.

Proceedings. Vol. xxx— > 1888 L

WATFOKD.

Hertfordshire Natural History Society.

Transactions. Vol. i-> 1881 L

WELLINGTON.

Wellington College Natural History Society.
Animal Report. Vol. xvii— > .... 1888 L

WlNCANTON.

II 'incanton Field Club.

Annual Report. No. i— > 1901 L

YORK.

Yorkshire Philosophical Society.
Annual Report. 1823-> . 1886 L

60 Libraries.

Date Initial of
when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.
B.— BRITISH EMPIEE OVER THE SEAS.

1. AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH.

Australasian Association.

Report. Vol. i-> 1891 L

ADELAIDE.

Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery.

Report. 1884-5— > 1892 L

Eoyal Society of South Australia.

Transactions. Vol. i— > ... . . .1884 L

Memoirs. Vol. i— > . .'•.'. ' . . 1900 L

BRISBANE.

Department of Agriculture.

Queensland Agricultural Journal. Vol. i— > . . 1897 Z

Annual Report. 1892— > 18H4 Z

Queensland : Geological Survey.

Bulletin. No. 1— > 1895 G

Annual Progress Report. 1900— > . . . 19l)l G

Reports. 1891— > 1891 G

Queensland Museum.

Annual Report. 1876— > 1S97 L

Annals. Xo. 1— > 1896 L

Eoyal Society of Queensland.

Proceedings. Vol. i— > . . . . .1885 L

HOBAET.

Royal Society of Tasmania.

Papers, Proceedings and Report. Vol. i— > . . 1885 L

MELBOURNE.

Department of Agriculture, Victoria.

Journal. Vol. i-> . . . . . 1902 Z

Bulletin. Vol. i— > iy02 Z

Geological Survey of Victoria.
Bulletin. Xo. 1— > ...... 1903 G

Memoirs. Xo. 1— > ...... 1903 G

Public Library, Museums and National Gallery of

Victoria.
Report. 1870-l-> 1892 L

Eoyal Society of Victoria.

Transactions. Vol. i— > 18S9 L

Proceedings. Vol. ii— > ... 1881 L

PERTH.

Department of Agriculture, Western Australia.

Journal. 1899— > 1900 Z

Western Australia, Geological Survey.

Bulletin. Xo. 1— > 1898 G

SYDNEY.

Australian Muxeum.

Records. Vol. i— > ..... 1890 G, L
Memoirs. Vol. ii— > ..... 1889 L

Report. 18S5— > 1886 G, L

Geological Survey of New South Wales.
Memoirs. Xo. 1— > ..... 1888 G

Records. Vol. i— > 1889 G

Mineral Resources. Xo. 1— > .... 1898 G, M

Libraries. 61

Date Initial of
when Library
presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

SYDNEY — continued.

Linnean Society of New South Wales.

Proceedings. Ser. II, vol. i— > . . . .

1886 L

Abstract of Proceedings. 1886— > . . .

1886 L

New South Wales : Department of Agriculture.
Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales. Vol. i— >

1890 Z

Eeport. 1891— >

1892 L

Neic South Wales : Department of Mines.

Annual Keports. 1888— > 1890 G, M

New South Wales Naturalists' Club.

Memoirs. No. l-> 1903 L

Royal Society of New South Wales.

Journal. Vol. xxiii— > . , . . . 1890 L

University of Sydney.

Calendar. 1903— > . . . . . .1903 L

2. BRITISH GUIANA.
DEMEKARA.

Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society of British

Guiana.

"Timehri." New Series, vol. i-xii, continued as
Journal. 1900-> 1887 Z

3. CANADA.
HALIFAX, Nova Scotia.

Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science.

Proceedings. Vol. v, pt. 3— > . . . .1881 L

MONTREAL.

Geological Survey of Canada.

Annual Report. Vol. iii-> .... 1890 Q-

Contributions to Canadian Paleontology. Vol. i— > 1889 G-

OTTAWA.

Royal Society of Canada.

Proceedings. Vol. i-> 1884 L

ST. JOHN.

Natural History Society of New Brunswick.

Bulletin. No. i— > 1889 L

TORONTO.

Canadian Institute.

Transactions. Vol. lit— > 1885 L

Annual Pteport. No. 1— > 1888 L

University of Toronto.
Studies. No. l-> 1903 L

4. CEYLON.
COLOMBO.

Colombo Museum.

Spolia Zeylanica. Vol. i-> .... 1903 L, Z
PKIJADENIYA.

lioyal Botanic Gardens.

Aunals. Vol. i— > 1901 B

Circular and Agricultural Journal. No. 18— > . 1901 B

62 Libraries.

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

5. INDIA.
ALLAHABAD.

Department of Land Records and Agriculture: North
West Provinces and Oudli.

Bulletin. No. l-> 1901 L

BOMBAY.

Bombay Natural History Society.

Journal. Vol. i, no. 3— > 1887 L

Marine Survey.

Administration Report. 1896-7-> . . .1897 L

CALCUTTA.

Asiatic Society of Bengal.
Journal. Pt. II, vol. xxxv-> .... 1884 L

Proceedings. 1886— > 1885 L

Botanical Survey of India.

Eecords. Vol. i-> 1894 B

Department of Bevenue and Agriculture.

The Agricultural Ledger. Vol. i. 1894— > . .1898 Z

Geological Survey of India.

Memoirs. Vol. xxiv-> 1891 G

Records. Vol. xxiv— > . . . . . 1891 G

Palseontologica ludica. Series XIII, vol. iv-> . 1891 G

General Reports. 1897— > 1898 G

Indian Museum.

Annual Report. 1884-5-> 1885 Z

Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I.M.S.S. Inves-
tigator. Pt. i. 1892-> 1893 Z

Boyal Botanic Gardens.

Annals. Vol. i-> 1888 B

Scientific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and
Sanitary Departments of the Government of India.

New Series. No. 1— > 1902 B, Z

Survey of India.

Notes. 1900-> 1900 L

Sheets of the Indian Atlas. Sh. i-> . . . 1888 L

LUCKNOW.
Lucknow Provincial Museum.

Annual Report. 1901— > 1901 L

MADRAS.

Government Museum.

Report. 1884-5— > 188G L

Bulletin. Vol. i-> 1894 Z

TmVANDRTJM.

Trivandrum Museum.
Report. 1899-1900-> 1901 L

G. NEW ZEALAND.
WELLINGTON, N.Z.

New Zealand Institute.

Transactions. Vol. xx— > 1890

Libraries. 63

Date Initial of
when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial
began. is kept.

7. SOUTH AFRICA.
BULAWAYO.

Ithodesia Scientific Association.
Proceedings. Vol. iv-> . . . . . . 1903 L

CAPE TOWN.

Cape Colony: Department of Agriculture.
Annual Report of the Geological Commission.

1896-> 1902 G

Report of the Marine Biologist. 189G— > . . 1900 Z

South African Museum.

Annals. Vol. i-> 1898 L

Report. 1883-> 1884 L

South African Philosophical Society.

Transactions. Vol. vii— > . . . ' . .1893 L

GRAHAMSTOWN.
Albany Museum.

Report. 1882-> 1897 L

Records of the Museum. Vol. i— > . . . 1903 L

JOHANNESBURG.

Geological Society of South Africa.
Transactions. Vol. iii-> . . . . . 1898 G

PlETERMARITZBURG.

Geological Survey of Natal and Zululand.
Report. No. l-> . . . ' .. tfg . 1902 G

8. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS.

SINGAPORE.

liotanic Gardens Department.

Agricultural Bulletin of the Straits and Federated

Malay States. Vol. i-> . . . . . 1901
Eaffles Library and Museum.

Annual Report. 1879— > 1898

Straits Branch of the Eoyal Asiatic Society.

Journal. No. l-> . . 1889

9. WEST INDIES.

BRIDGETOWN, Barbados.

Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies.

West Indian Bulletin. Vol. i— > .... 1899 Z

Agricultural News. Vol. i-> .... 1902 Z

KINGSTON, Jamaica.

Botanical Department.

Bulletin. 1887-> 1887 B

Institute of Jamaica.

Journal. Vol. i— > 1891 L

Annual Report. 1879-80-> .... 1893 L

64 Libraries.

Date Initial of

when Library

presents- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

C.-XON-BRITISH.
1. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

BUENOS AIRES.
Mtiseo National.

Anales. Tom. iii, entr. 2~> 1889 L, G

Comunicaciones. Tom. i— >. . . . . 1898 L

CORDOVA.
Academia national de Cientias.

Boletin. Tom. iv— > 1886 L

Actas. Tom. iii, pt. 2-> 1887 L

LA PLATA.
Museo.

Revista. Vol. i-> 1891 L

Anales. Seccion Antropoldgioa. No. i— > . . 1896 G, Z

Geologica y Mineralogica. No. i— > 1892 G

Paleontologia Argentina. No. i— > .1891 G

. Zoologica. No. i-> . . . 1893 Z

2. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
BUDAPEST.

Magyar Ornithologiai Kdzpont.

Aquila. Vol. i— > 1894 Z

CRACOW.
Akademija Umietetnofci.

Rozprawy. Ser. II, torn, i— > . . . .1894 L

Sprawozdanie. Tom. xxvii— > .... 1893 L

Bulletin International. 1889— >• .... 1892 I.

Catalogue of Polish Scientific Literature. Vol. i— > 1901 L

LINZ.

Museum Francisco-Carolinum.

Bericht. No. 3-> 1895 0&

PRAGUE.

Cetkt Alcademie Cisare FrantiiJca Josef a.
Rozpravy . . . Tfida II. Rod. i-> . 1897 L

Vfstnik. Ro6. viii— > 1900 L

TRENTSCHIN.

Trencufn Vdrmepyei Terme'szettudomdnyi Egylet.

Evkonyve. Evf. iv-> 1892 L

VIENNA.

Kaiserliclie Akademie der Wissenschaften. (Matli.-nat.
Clime.')

Anzeiger. Jahrg. xxv— > 1889 -t

Sitzungsbericht. Bd. xcvi— > .... 1888 >Ii

Denkschriften. Bd. liv-> 1889 L

Berichte der Commission fiir Erforschung des

Ostlichen Mittelmeeres. Reihe ii— >. . .1894 L

Mittheilungen der Erdbeben - Commission. Neue
Folge. No. l-> . . . . . . 1902 L

Libraries. 65

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

VIENNA — continued.

Kaiserlich-lionigliche Geologische Iteichsanstalt.

Abhandlungen. Bd. xvii— > . . . .1892 G

Jahrbuch. Bd. xli— > 1891 G

Verhandlungen. 1891— > 1891 G

Kaiserlich-konigliches Naturhistorisches So/museum.

Annalen. Bd. i— > 1886 L

3. BELGIUM.
BRUSSELS.

Academic Royale des Sciences, &c.

Me'moires. Tom. xlvii— > . . . . 1889 L

Me'moires couronnes. 4°. Tom. xlix— > . .1889 L

8°. Tom. xli— > .... 1889 L

Bulletin. Ser. Ill, torn, xiv, livr. 12-> . . 1888 I,

Annuaire. 1886-> 1889 L

Muse.e du Congo.
Annales, &c. Botanique. Ser. I— > . . . 1899 B

Zoologie. Se'r. I-> 1898 Z

Ettmographie et Anthropologie. ger. I-> . 1899 Z

Societf lielge de Ge'ologie de Paleontologie et d'Hydro-

logie.
Bulletin et Me'moires. Tom. xvi— > . . . 1902 G-

Socie'te' Entomologique de Belgique.

Annales. Vol. xxxii (1888)-> .... 1890 Z

Me'moires. Tom. i— > 1893 Z

University libre de Bruxelles.
Recueil de 1'Iustitut Botanique. Tom. v-> . . 1902 B

4. BRAZIL.
BELEM.

Mmeu Goeldi.

Boletim. Vol. i-> 1896 L

Memorias. Vol. i-> . . . . , " . 1901 L

SAO JOAO D'EL-EEI.

Commis*ao Geographica e Geologica do Estado de Minas

Geraes.
Boletim. No. 1— > ... . . . . 1898 L

SAO PAULO.

Commissao Geographica e Geologica de Sao Paulo.

Boletim. No. I— > 1891. L

Museo Paulista.

Eevista. Vol. i-> 1896 L

5. CHILE.
SANTIAGO.

Socie'te' scientifique du Chili.

Actes. Tom. ii— > 1898 L

VALPARAISO.
Museo.

Eevista Chilena. An. iii— > . . . .1899 L

Boletin. Ann. iii-> . .... 1899 L

66 Libraries.

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

6. COSTA EICA.
SAN JOSE.
Institute Fisico-Geografico.

Boletin Vol. ii. (1902)-» 1903 L

Museo Nacional de Costa Rica.
Informe. 1894-> ... . ... . 1895 L

7. DENMARK.
COPENHAGEN.

Danmarks Geologislte Undersjgelse.

I.Kaekke. Beskrivelse til geologisk Kort. No. l-> 1897 G-

II. Kaekke [Memoirs]. No. l->. . . . 1897 G

Danube Biologiske Station.
Report. No. 3-> (1893-» .... 1903 L

Kongeliat Dansk Videnskabernes Selskab.

Det...skrifter. Bd. iv, afd. 7-> . . . 1888 L

Oversigt over det . . . Forhandlinger. 1889— > . 1889 L

8. DUTCH EAST INDIES.
BCITENZORG.
Institut Botanique.

Bulletin [Botany]. No. l-> .... 1899 B

(No. xiii, &c.) Zoologie. No. l-> . . 1902 Z

9. EGYPT.
CAIRO.

Institut Egyptien.

Bulletin. Se'r. II, torn, ix, no. 3-> . . .1900 L

Me'moires. Tom. i— > . . . . . . 1898 L

10. FRANCE.

BESANgON.

Societed' 'Emulation du Doubs.

Me'moires. Series VII, torn iii->. . . . 1900 L

CAEN.

Faculte des Sciences de Caen.

Bulletin du Laboratoire de Ge'ologie. Anne'e I— >. 1895 O

GRENOBLE.

Universite de Grenoble.

Travaux du Laboratoire de Geologic. Tome v— > .1900 Q

LA ROCHELLE.
Socfele des Sciences Naturelles de la CJiarente-In-

fe'rieure.
Annales. No. 16-> . . . ... 1889 L

MARSEILLES.

Faculte' des Sciences.

Annales. Tom. iii— > 1895 L

Institut Colonial

Annales. Vol. i— > 1895 L

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle.
Annales. Tom. iii-> 1891 L

Libraries. 67

Date Initial of

when Library

present*- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

PARIS.

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle.
Xcuvelles Archives. Se'r. Ill, torn, x, no. 2— > . 18110 L

Bulletin. 1895— > 1H95 L

Service de la Carte Ge'ologique d€laill€e de la France.

[Maps.] Sh. 1— > 1884 G

Bulletin. Xo. 35-> 1894 G

Socie'te' Entomologique de France.
Annales. Tom. Ixviii (1898)-> .... 1900 Z

Bulletin. 1900— > 1900 Z

Sodde Geologique de France.

Bulletin. Ser. Ill, torn, xix— > .... 1891 G

Sociele' Philomathique.

Bulletin. Ser. VII, torn, viii .... 1884 L

Socie'te' Zoologique de France.

Canneries Scientifiques. Xo. l->. 1901— >. .1901 Z

Union Coloniale Francaise.

Quinzaine Coloniale. Xo. 99— > . . . 1901 L

EENNES.
Socitff Scientifique et Me'dicale de V Quest.

Bulletin. Tom i— > [1892— >] . 1903 L

Universite' de Hennes.

Travaux Scientifiques. Tom i— > 1903 L

EOUEN.

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle.
Actes. Tom. i— > 1884 L

11. GERMANY.
BERLIN.

Deutsche GeologiscJie Gesellschaft.

Zeitschrift. Bd. xliv-> 1892 G-

Kdniglich-Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Abhandlungen. 1887— > 1889 L

Sitzungsberichte. 1894— > . . . .1895 L

Konigliche Friedrich- Wilhelms- Universitat.

Xotizblatt des K. Botanischen Gartens und
Museums. Bd. i— > .. rf ... 1895 B

DRESDEN.

Bericht iiber die Verwaltung der koniglichen Samm-

lungen fur Kunst und Wissenschaft. 1872— > . 1886 L

FRANKFOUT-ON-THE-MAINE.
Neue Zoologische Gesellscha/t.

Der Zoologische Garten. Vol. xxxviii— > . .1897 Z

Senckenburgische Naturforschende Gesellscha/t.
Abhandlungen. Bd. xiv— > .... 1887 L

Bericht. 1880-l-> . . . . . .1882? L

GERA.

Gesellschaft von Freunden der Naturwissenscltaften.

Jahresbericht. Xo. 4— > 1887 L

HEIDELBERG.

Geologische Landesanstalt des Grossherzogthums Baden.
Mitteilungen. Bd. 1— > . . ' . . . 1891 G

Geologi&cheSpecialkarte&Erlaxiterungen. Blattl— > 1894 G

F 2

68 Libraries.

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

HlLDESHEIM.

Museumsverein.

Bericht. 1892-> 1899 L

Roemer Museum.

Mittheilungen. No. 1— > 1897 L

LEIPZIG.

Zeitschriftfur Physikalische Chemie.

Bandii-> 1888 M

MAGDEBURG.
Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein.

Jahresbericht. 1885— > . - " . . . .1886 L

STUTTGART.
ESnigliches Mineralien-Kabinet.

Mitteilungen. No. 1— > . _ . * - . . . 1896 M

Oberrheinifcher Geologisclier Verein.

Bericht xxix-> . 1899 G

12. HOLLAND.
HAARLEM.
Hollandsche Maatschappij der Weten?chappen.

Archives Ne'erlandaises des Sciences. Tom. xxii,

Hvr 4— > 1888 L

Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter Bevordering van

Nijverheid.

Bulletin van het Koloniaal Museum. 1893— > . 1895 Zi

Extra Bulletin van het Kolonial Museum. Afl. 1— > 1894 L

HAGUE, THE.

Nederlandwhe Entomologizcke Vereeniging.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 1857— > . . . 1881 Z

Entomologische Berichten. No. l-> . . . 1901 Z

NlMEGUEN.

Nederlandsche Botanfeche Vereeniging.

NederlandschKruidkundigArchief. 1900. Deelii-> 1900 B

13. ITALY.

ACIBEALE.

Accademia di Scienze, &c.

Atti. Vol. i— > 1895 L

BOLOGNA.

Reale Accademia delle Scienze delP Istituto.

Memorie. Ser. IV, torn, ix— > . . . .1889 L

Rendiconto. 1887-8-> 1889 L

GENOA.
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale.

Annali Vol. i.-> 1870-> .... 1890 Z

Hegia Universita degli Studi.—Musei de Zoologia e

Anatomia Comparata.
Bollettino. Vol. i-> 1897 Z

Libraries. 69

Date Initial of
when Library
presenta- in which
tion the Serial
began. is kept.
MILAN.
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale,

Publishes in conjunction with the
Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali.

Atti. Tom. i-> 1893 L

Memorie. Tom. i— > 1893 L

NAPLES.

Beale Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche.
Atti. Nova Serie, torn. i-> . . . .1888 L

Kendiconto. Ser. II, torn, iii— > . . . 1889 L

PISA.

Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali.

Atti (Memorie). Vol. ix— > 1891 L

Atti (Processi Verbali). Vol. vii-> . . . 1894 L

ROME.

Heal Comitato Geologico d' Italia.

Bollettino. Vol. xxii-> 1892 G

Memorie. Vol. vi-> 1891 G

TURIN.

Eeale Accademia delle Scienze.

Memorie. Tom. xli-> . " . . . . 1891 L

Atti. Vol. xxvi-> . ... 1891 L

Atti. Classe di Scienze fisich e matematiche.
Vol. xvii. (1881)— > . . ... 1904 L

14. JAPAN.

TOKIO.

Geological Society.

Geological Magazine. Vol. i— > .... 1902 G

Imperial University of Japan.

Journal of the College of Science. Vol. vi, no. 4-> 1894 L

Zoological Society.

Annotationes Zoologicee Japonenses. Vol. i.— > . 1897 Z

15. MEXICO.
MEXICO.

Istituto Geologico de Mexico.

Boletm. No. 3-> 1896 G

Sociedad Cientifica " Antonio Alzate."

Memorias y Eevista. Tom. ix— > . . . 1896 L

16. NORWAY.
BERGEN.

Sergens Museum.

Aarsberetning. 1883-> 1887 L

CHRISTIANIA.

Norges Geologiske UndersSgelse.

[Memoirs.] No.-> 1 1891 G

DRONTHEIM.

Kongeligt Norslce Videnskabers-Selskab.

Det . . . Skrifter. 1898-> 1899 L

STAVANGER.

Stavanger Museum.
Aarsberetning. 1890-> . . . . . 1891 L

70 Libraries.

Date Initial of

when Library

pre?enta- in which

Won the Serial

began. is kept.
TBOMSO.

Tromstf Museum.

Aarshefter. No. 10-> 1895 L

Aarsberetning. 1873-> 1895 L

17. PORTUGAL.
COIMBKA.

Universidade.

Annuario. 1896-7-> 1897 L

Archivo Bibliographico. Vol. i— > . . .1901 L

LISBON.

Academia Heal das Sciencias.
Jornal. Ser. II, torn. vi-> 1900 L

Commissao dos Servifos Geologicos de Portugal.

[Memoirs] 1889 G

Communica<j5es. Tom. ii— > . •..-.. . 1893 G

OPORTO.

Annaes de Sciencias Naturaes. Ann. iii . .. . 1896 L

18. BOTJMANIA.
BUKAREST.

Societatea de Sciin^e.

Buletinul. Annl i-> . . ' • . • . . . 1897 L

Societ^ des MtTdecins et des Naturalistes.

Bulletin. Vol. vi, No. 4-> . . . . 1892 L

19. KUSSIA.
EKATEBINBUEG.

Ural'skoe Obshchestvo Lyubltelei Estestvoznaniya.

Zapiski. Tom. xiii, Part 2— > .... 1895 L

HELSINGFORS.

Finlands Geologiska Under sSkning.

Kartbladet. No. 1— > 1899 G

Beskrifning till Kartbladet. No. l-> . . . 1899 G-

Bulletin. No. 6-> 1899 G

Moscow.

Societf impe~riale des Naturalistes du Moscou.
Nouveaux Memoires. Tom. xv— >• " . ' . . 1888 L

Bulletin. 1887-> 1888 L

ST. PETERSBURG.

Academic impe'riale des Sciences.

Me'moires. Se'r. VII, torn, xxxv, No. 10— > . . 1891 L

Bulletin. Nov. Ser., torn, xxxii, No. 1— > . . 1891 L

Annuaire du Muse'e Zoologique. 1896— >(2 copies). 1896 L, Z

Cabinet de Sa Majeste.
Travaux de la Section Ge'ologique. Vol. i— > . 1896 G

Comite Geologiqiie.

Me'moires. Tom. ii— > . ' . . ' . . 1885 G

Bulletin. Tom. i— > 1885 G

Kaiserliche Mineralogische Gesellschaft.

Verhandlungen. Bd. xxviii-> .... 1892 M

Materialien zur Geologie Eusslands. Bd. i— > 1892 G

Libraries. 71

Date Initial of
when Library
presenta- in which
tion the Serial
began. is kept.
ST. PETERSBURG — continued.
-Kusskoe Entomologhicheskoe Obshchestvo.

Horse, &c. Tom. xxxv— > 1902 Z

S.-Peterburghskit Biologhicheskii Laboratoriya (La-

boratoire Biologique).

Bulletin. Tom. i— > . . . . . 1896 L

TIFLIS.

Kaukasisches Museum.

Bericht. 1892— > . • 1893 L

Izvyestiya. Tom. i— > . . . *. ' . 1900 L

Sammlungen. Bd. i— > . . . . . 1900 L

WARSAW.

Imperatorskit Varshavi-kii Universltet.

Kollektzil Zoologhicheskagho KabIneta...Umver-

siteta. No. 1— > 1896 Z

Kabotui iz Laboratorii Zoologhlcheskaglio Kabiaeta 1896 Z

Obshchestvo Estestvoispuitatelei (Soci&e des Na-

turalistes).
Trudui (Travaux). Tom. i— > . . . .1892 L

20. SALVADOR.
SAN SALVADOR.
Museo National.
Annales. Tom. i— > 1903 L

21. SEKVIA.
BELGRADE.

Institut Gtfologique.

Annales Geologique de la Peninsule Balkanique.

Tom. i-> 1890 Z

SrpsJca Kral'evska Akademlia.

Ghlas. No. 1— > 1899 L

Ghoclislm'ak. No. 13-> 1901 L

22. SPAIN.
BARCELONA.

Seal Academia de Ciencias.

Memorias. Ser. Ill, Vol. i— > .... 1894 L

Boletm. Ser. Ill, Vol. i-> 1894 L

23. SWEDEN.
STOCKHOLM.

Kongliga Svenslca Vetenskaps-Akademien.

Handlingar. Ny Foljd, Bd. xxi, no. 9— > . .1888 L

Bihang till ... Handlingar. Bd. xiii-xxviii. \

[Continued as :]
Arkiv for Botanik. Bd. i.— > . . . . I -. OQ, , T

Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi. Bd. i.-> ./ 1 ^L

Zoologi. Bd. i.->

Arsbokforar. 1903— > )

Ofversigt af...F6rhandlingar. 1888-> . . 1888 L

72 Libraries.

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.
UPSALA.

Kongliga Unirersitetet i Upsala.

Arsskrift. 1885-> 1896 L

Bulletin of the Geological Institution. Vol. i-> . 1893 &
Meddelanden fran...Mineralogisk-Geologiska Insti-
tution. No. l-> 1896 M

Kongliga Vetenskaps-Societeten.

Nova Acta. Tom. xiv, Part 2-> . . .1891 L

24. SWITZERLAND.
GENEVA.
Sociele'de Geographic.

Le Globe. Ser. V, torn. xi-> .... 1900 • L
SIGN.

Socieit Murithienne du Valais.
Bulletin. Fasc. xiii-» . . . . .1892 L

25. UNITED STATES.

American Microscopical Society.

Transactions. Vol. xxiii— > . . . .1902 L

ALBANY.

Geological Survey of Hie State of New Yorlc.

Annual Report. No. 8-> 1896 G

New York State Museum of Natural History.

Bulletin. Vol. i-> 1889 L

Annual Report. No. 42-> . . . . . . 1891 L

ATSTIN.

Geological Survey of Texas.
Annual Reports. No. 1— > . . . .1890 G

BALTIMORE.
Maryland Geological Survey.

[Reports]. Vol. i-> ... . 1898 G

BEEKELEY.

University of California.
Annual Report. 1900— > .... 1902 L

Bulletin of the Department of Geology. Vol. i— > 1894 G-

Publications: Botany. Vol. i.— >

Pathology. Vol. i.— > .

Physiology. Vol. i.— >

1903 L

1904 L
1903 L
1903 L

Zoology. Vol. !.•
BOSTON.

American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Proceedings. Vol. xxiii-> ..... 1888 L

Boston Society of Natural History.

Memoirs. Vol. iv, no. 1— > 1891 L

Proceedings. Vol. xxiv— > 1890 L

Occasional Papers. Vol. iv— > . . . .1894 L

BROOKLYN.

JBrooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences.

Museum Science Bulletin. Vol. i.-» . . .1901 L

Children's Museum Bulletin. No. i.— > . . 1902 L

Children's Museum Notes. No. i.— > . . . 1904 L

Coldspring Harbor Monographs. No. i— > . . 1903 L

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Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

BUFFALO.

Buffalo Society of Natural Science.

Bulletin. Vol. v, pt. 3— > 1898 L

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.
Harvard University.

Bussey Institution. Bulletin. Vol. i, pt. 2— > . 1888 L

Gray Herbarium. Contributions. No. 16— > . 1899 B

Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin.

Vol. i (1863)— > .' . . ' . . . 1883 Z

Memoirs. Vol. xiv— > 1889 Z

CHAPEL HILL.

Elislia Mitchell Scientific Society.

Journal. 1883-> 1903 L

CHICAGO.

Academy of Natural Sciences.

Bulletin. Vol. ii, no. 3— > 1902 L

Bulletin of the Natural History Survey. No. 1— > 1902 L

Special Publication. No. l-> .... 1902 L

Field Columbian Museum.

Publications. No. 1— > 1896 B, L

University of Chicago.

Universit'y Record. Vol. i— > .... 1896 L

Botanical Gazette. Vol. xxx-> .... 1900 B

CINCINNATI.

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Journal. Vol. iv— > [Vol. xx— > two copies] . . 1889 L

Lloyd Library of Botany.

Bulletin. No. l-> 1900 B

COLUMBUS.

Ohio State Academy of Science.

Annual Report. No. 9— > 1901 L

Special Papers. No. l-> 1900 L

DENVER.

Colorado Scientific Society.

Proceedings. Vol. i— > ., . . . . 1885 L

DES MOINES.
Iowa Geological Survey.

[Annual Reports.] No. 1— > . . . . 1894 G-

IOWA CITY.

State University of Iowa.

Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History.

Vol. i, pt. 2— > 1890 L

JEFFERSON CITY.

Geological Survey of Missouri.

Reports. Vol. i-> 1893 G

LAS CRUCES.

New Mexico College of Agriculture.

Bulletin. No. l-> 1893 Z

LAWRENCE.

University of Kansas.

Kansas University Quarterly. Vol. vii, pt. 2— > . 1898 L

The University Geological Survey. Vol. iv— > . 1898 G

74 Libraries.

Date Initial of
when Library
presenta- in which
tion the Serial
began. is kept.
LITTLE ROCK.

Geological Survey of Arkansas.

Annual Reports. 1888-> 1894 Q

Los ANGELES.

Southern California Academy of Science.

Bulletin. Vol. i— > . . . . . » . 1902 L

MADISON.

Wisconsin Academy.

Transactions. Vol. i— > 1884 L

Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey.

Bulletin. No. l-> 1899 L

MEDFORD.
Tuft's College.
Studies of Tuft's College. No. l-> . . - . 1S91 Z

MlLWACKEE.

Public Museum.

Annual Report. No. 1— > . '. '. . . 1891 L

MINNEAPOLIS.

Geological Survey of Minnesota.

Botanical Studies. 1894-> .... 1894 B

MlSSOCLA.

University of Montana.

Bulletin. Biological Series. Xo. l-> . . 1902 L

MONTGOMERY.

Geological Surrey of Alabama.

Reports-> 1894 G

Bulletin. Xo. 1— > 1894 G

XEW YORK.

American Geographical Society.

Bulletin. Vol.xxxi-> . . . . . 1899 L

American Institute of Mining Engineers.

Bulletin. Vol. i-> 1899 M

Transactions. Vol. i-» . . . - . . 1899 M

American Museum of Natural History.

Memoirs. Vol. i-> 1895 L

Bulletin. Vol. ii, no. 2— > . . .1889 L

Annual Report. 1870-> ..... 1889 L

American Museum Journal. Vol. i — > . . . 1902 L

Columbia College.
The School of Mines Quarterly. Vol. x-> . . 1889 M

Journal of Geography. Vol. i, no. 4-> . . . 1902 L

New York Academy of Sciences.

Annals. Vol. iv, pt. 3-> . . . • . 1888 L

Memoirs. Vol. ii-> 1900 L

Zoological Society.
Annual Reports. Xo. 1— > .... 1?97 Z

News Bulletin. No. l-> 1897 Z

PHILADELPHIA.

Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia.

Proceedings. 1888— > 1888 L

[in sheets as issued]. 1891-> . . . 1891 L

Journal. Vol. ix, pt. 2 1892 L

Libraries. 75

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.

PHILADELPHIA — continued.

American Philosophical Society.

Transactions. Vol. xix— > 1898 L

Proceedings. Vol. xxxi— > 1893 L

Geographical Society.

Bulletin. Vol. i, no. 2— > 1894 |L

University of Pennsylvania.
Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory.

Vol. i— > 1892 B

PITTSBURGH.

Carnegie Museum.

Publications. No. 1— > 1899 L

Annals. Vol. i— > 1902 L

Memoirs. Vol. i— > 1902 L

PORTLAND.

Portland Society of Natural History.

Proceedings. Vol. ii, no. 2— > .... 1895 L

PRINCETON.

Princeton University Bird Club.
Bulletin. Vol.i-> 1901 Z

ROCHESTER.

Geological Society of America.
Bulletin. Vol. i-> . . . . . . 1892 G

SACRAMENTO.

California State Mining Bureau.

Annual Reports, x— > 1891 G

ST. Loos.

Mi**ouri Botanical Garden.

Annual Beport. Vol. i-> 1891 B

SAN FRANCISCO.

California Academy of Sciences.

Proceedings. Vol. iv, pt. 2— > .... 1887 L

Occasional Papers. Vol. i-> .... 1891 L

SPRINGFIELD.

Geological Surrey of Illinois.

Geology and Palaeontology. Vol. viii— > . .1891 G

Illinois State Museum.

Bulletin. Xo. 3-> . , . . . .'..'. 1894 G

TRENTON.

Geological Survey of Neic Jersey.

Annual Reports. 1890-> 1891 G

Final Reports. Vol. iii— > .... 1899 G

URBANA.

Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Bulletin. Vol. iii, no. 15— > 1899 L

"\VASHTNGTOX.
Biological Society.

Proceedings. Vol. i-> 1888 L

National Academy of Sciences.

Memoirs. Vol. i-> 1890 L

National Geographic Society.

National Geographic Magazine. Vol. viii— > . 1899 L

Philofoph ical Society.

Bulletin. Vol. i-> 1886 L

76 Libraries.

Date Initial of

when Library

presenta- in which

tion the Serial

began. is kept.
WASHINGTON — continued.
Smithsonian Institution.

Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. Vol.

xviii-> 1886 L

Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Vol. xi— >. 1886 L

Annual Report. 1882— > 1884 L

Annual Eeports : Bureau of Ethnology. Vol. i— >. 1886 L
United States Coast Survey.

Reports. 1866-» .1888 L

United States Department of Agriculture.

Year Book. 1867-> 1899 Z

Farmers' Bulletin. No. 7— > «. . . 1899 Z

(Agrostology Division.)

Bulletin. No. l-> . . . .. . . 1899 L

Circular. No. l-> . . ... .1899 L

(Animal Industry Division.)

Bulletin. No. 7— > . . .... . 1899 Z

Circular. No. l-> . .... . . 1899 Z

Report. No. 3-> 1899 Z

(Biological Survey Division.)

Bulletin. No. l-> . . . . . .' . 1898 L

North American Fauna. No. 14— > . . . 1899 L

(Botany Division.)

Bulletin. No. 16-> . .. .... 1899 L

Circular. No. l-> 1899 L

Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium.

Vol. i-> 1894 B

(Entomology Division.)

Bulletin. No. 6-> 1899 Z

Technical Series. No. l->. . .1896 Z

Circular. Ser. II, no. 2— > . . . *. .1899 Z

(Fiber Investigations.)

Report. No. l-> ... . 1899 L
(Plant Industry Bureau.)

Bulletin. No. l-> .1899 L

(Vegetable, Physiology and Patholoqy Division.)

Bulletin. No. l-> . . . ' . . . 1899 L

Circular. No. 6 — > 1899 L

United States Geological Survey.

Annual Reports. No. 8— > 1890 G

Monographs. Vol. v— > . .... .1885 G

Bulletin. Vol. i— > „ . 1885 G

Professional Paper. No. 1 1903 G

Water Supply and Irrigation Papers. No. 05-> .1903 G
United States National Museum.

Bulletin. No. 1— > . . . ... . 1886 L

Special Bulletin. No. l-> 1897 L

Proceedings. Vol. l-> 1886 L

Washington Academy of Sciences.

Proceedings. Vol. i-> 1899 L

26. UEUGUAT.
MONTEVIDEO.
Museo Nacional.

Anales. Vol. i— > 1896 L

THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.

THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.

1. GENERAL SKETCH.

The Department of Botany, originally styled the Banksian
Department, was established for the reception of the herbarium
of Sir Joseph Banks, who had, shortly before his death in 1820,
bequeathed it to Robert Brown, at whose demise it was to become
the property of the British Museum : with Brown's consent,
the herbarium might be removed to the Museum during his
lifetime. In the first Report of the Banksian Department, dated
7th December, 1827, Brown says that he has superintended its
removal, and was then engaged arranging it. The following
memorandum as to the contents of the herbarium was submitted
to the Trustees in 1834 : —

"The Banksian general herbarium, contained in cabinets
consisting of sixty-seven cubes having eight drawers each, is
arranged according to the Linnaean system, and by means of
alphabetical and systematic indexes it may be consulted without
difficulty. The number of species in this arranged herbarium is
23,400, of which 20,856 are phanerogamous and 2,544 crypto-
gamous plants ; the specimens of many, however, being more -or
less incomplete. Connected with the general herbarium there is
a collection of fruits and seeds, systematically arranged and
contained in 64 drawers. There is also a collection of flowers and
fruits, chiefly of the more rare or of succulent plants, preserved
in spirits, and contained in 326 bottles. One of the presses
contains 67 large specimens, chiefly parts of fructification, fronds,
and sections of trunks of palms. A cabinet of four cubes con-
tains several partial [special] collections, which, being the authentic
materials of important botanical works, are kept separate,
particularly Clifford's herbarium, the principal authority for the
plants described in one of Linnaeus's earliest and most celebrated
works ; Clayton's herbarium, from which Gronovius's ' Flora
Virginica ' was entirely formed ; a considerable number of plants
collected in the Levant by Tournefort and described in the
' Corollarium ' to his ' Institutiones Rei Herbariae '; and others

80 Botany.

sent from Cochin-China by Loureiro, and published in the flora
of that country. [There are] also, in five large folio volumes,
the herbarium and drawings of Hermannus, chiefly of Zeylan
plants, of which the ' Flora Zeylanica ' of Linnaeus is a systematic
enumeration and description. The unarranged collections and
duplicates consist of 1,700 parcels. The unarranged collections
and duplicates are disposed geographically, and are in progress
of incorporation with the arranged herbarium, either as fur-
nishing distinct species, or as completing the specimens of
those already contained in a less perfect state. The additional
species in these collections probably amount to nearly 5,000
phanerogamous plants."

In the following year certain other collections, until then in
the charge of the principal librarian, were transferred to the
Banksian Department. These, according to the following
account submitted by Brown, comprised : —

"1. Sir Hans Sloane's herbarium, formed by himself and
other botanists, whose collections are kept distinct from each
other in about 333 volumes, all of them in a tolerably good state
of preservation ; they are all numbered on the backs, and may
be referred to without difficulty. 2. Baron de Moll's herbarium,
purchased by the Trustees, together with his library in 1816.
3. A collection of Chelsea Garden Plants. Sir Hans Sloane
in 1721 gave the freehold of the ground to the Company of
Apothecaries on condition that 50 new plants should annually
be delivered to the Royal Society till the total amounted to 2,000
distinct species. The list of the 50 first [appeared] in the Philo-
sophical Transactions for 1722, and that which completed the
required number, 2,000, in 1761. It appears, however, that the
Company remained tributary in 50 distinct species per annum
till the year 1796, at which time the number of 3,750 was com-
pleted in 75 large fasciculi, which are now extant in perfect
preservation. Besides these herbaria there is also a collection of
fruits and seeds in spirits of wine, and another of dried specimens
of fruits and seeds, roots, wood, and other parts of vegetables."

Of Sir Hans Sloane's important collection, some account
follows. The Chelsea Garden plants are now incorporated with
the general herbarium. The Baron de Moll's collection, according
to the report of Konig and Baber, who went to examine his
minerals before their purchase by the Trustees, contained
specimens from Pallas and other eminent botanists, as well as
plants collected by himself in the Alps ; this was probably

Botany. 81

incorporated with the general herbarium, but no specimens can
now be identified as coming therefrom.

THE SLOANE HERBARIUM.

This extensive herbarium, containing as it does the results of
some of the earliest botanical investigations of China, India,
and the New World, is of the greatest historical value. The
plants are catalogued in two copies of Ray's " Historia Plant-
arum " preserved in the Department, so that they can be easily
consulted.

The plants collected by Sloane himself in Jamaica occupy
eight volumes, in which are included the drawings from which
the plates in the " Natural History of Jamaica " were made ;
Sloane's own copy of this work, with his MS. notes, accompanies
the collection. Among the principal contents of the herbarium
may be mentioned : the plants collected by James Cunningham
in China, in 1698-1703 ; those from the Philippines, by Kamel,
sent to Petiver in 1701, and described in the Appendix to Ray's
" Historia Plantarum," vol. iii ; the collections of Petiver and
Plukenet, containing a large number of the plants figured and
described in their works ; American plants from Banister,
Bartram, Catesby, Houstoun, Krieg and Vernon ; the collections
of Hermann and Oldenland, from the Cape of Good Hope ;
Kaempfer's plants from Japan (1691); plants from Jussieu,
Tournefort and Vaillant ; and those of most of the contemporary
English botanists — Buddie (an important British Herbarium),
Doody, Philip Miller, Merrett, Ray, Sherard, Uvedale ; and from
the gardens of Badminton, Oxford and Westminster.

THE BANKSIAN HERBARIUM.

The herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820) is the
foundation of the General Herbarium. At the time of its
acquisition it was one of the most important in existence — not
only on account of its extent, but as containing a large number
of types of published species — and, owing to the freedom of access
which was allowed to it, one of the most frequently cited in
botanical works. Besides the invaluable collections made in
Malaya, Brazil, South Africa, Polynesia, Australia and New
Zealand, by Banks and Solander, in their voyage round the
world with Cook in 1768-71, it contains the plants collected

VOL. i. G

82 Botany.

by Banks in Great Britain at various dates and in Newfound-
land and Labrador in 1766, as well as those obtained in Iceland
in 1772. The herbarium was continually being enriched by
purchase and exchange. Besides Hermann's herbarium, and
the herbarium of Clifford upon which the " Hortus Cliffortianus "
is based, a certain number of Linnaeus's types were obtained
from Smith in 1786, when the Banksian herbarium was com-
pared with that of Linnaeus. The collections of William
Houstoun from Central America and the West Indies were
purchased by Banks from Philip Miller, whose own her-
barium, containing the types of many of the plants described
in the "Gardeners Dictionary," ed. viii (1768), was acquired
by Banks in 1774. In that year Banks arranged with the
" Societas Unitatis Fratrum," or Moravian Brothers, to collect
plants at Tranquebar, whence he received about 500 specimens in
1775-78. In 1775 he purchased a large herbarium of Swiss
plants, indicated in the herbarium as " Herb. Helvet.," collected
by Dick; these Banks obtained through Dr. Pitcairn (1711-91),
who had a botanic garden at Islington, specimens from which are
in the herbarium. The collections of the Forsters and of Loureiro
were acquired at about the same time. The plants collected by
Alexander Russell (1715 ?-68) and his brother Patrick (1726-
1805), who were at Aleppo in 1740-53 and 1755-71 respectively,
were sent to Banks, and are described by him and Solander in the
"Natural History of Aleppo," ed. 2 (1789). Other well-known
London gardens contributed to the Banksian collection at this
period : notably those of James Gordon at Mile End, James Lee
at Hammersmith, William Malcolm at Kensington, and James
Vere at Kensington Gore ; there are also a few specimens from
the garden of Richard Anthony Salisbury at Chapel Allerton,
Yorkshire. The most important collection of cultivated plants
is, however, that from the Royal Gardens, Kew, which contains
the types of the numerous species described by Banks's librarians
Solander and Dryander (helped in the second edition by Brown)
in Aiton's " Hortus Kewensis " ; the MS. original descriptions of
these and of a large number of other plants in the Sloane and
Banksian herbaria are preserved in the Department of Botany.
Jacquin's herbarium, consisting largely of plants cultivated by
him in the Vienna and Schonbrunn Gardens and containing
some of his West Indian plants, was purchased by Banks and
is incorporated with his collection, which also contains specimens
sent by A. L. de Jussieu from the Paris Garden.

Botany. 83

Among the more noteworthy of the Indian collectors are
William Roxburgh ; Buchanan-Hamilton (who sent plants to
Banks in 1794 and 1798) ; J. G. Koenig, who sent plants in
1776 and bequeathed to Banks his herbarium and MSS. ; James
Robertson, who collected in Bombay, Madras, China and Johanna
Island in 1772—76. The most important Chinese collection is
that made by Sir George Staunton during Lord Macartney's
embassy to China in 1793.

From Polynesia are the large collections of J. R. and G. Forster,
made during Cook's second voyage (1772-75) ; also plants
obtained during Cook's third voyage (1776-80) by David Nelson,
who also collected in Australia and Timor ; William Anderson
also collected during these voyages in the same countries. The
specimens collected by Christopher Smith and James Wiles
during Bligh's voyage to Otaheite (1791—93) were also sent to
Banks.

From the Cape there are, besides the very important collections
of Francis Masson (1741-1805), who also sent plants to Banks
from the Canaries and Azores, from the West Indies, and from
North America and Canada ; about 1,000 specimens from
Oldenburg, collected in 1772 ; and others from James Niven
(1774?-1826), David Nelson (d. 1789), and Andreas Auge
(fl. 1794). Among the collectors in tropical Africa may be
mentioned William Brass (fl. 1790), who collected at Cape Coast ;
Henry Smeathman (fl. 1750-87), who sent plants from Mada-
gascar and Sierra Leone; and Christian Smith (1785-1816),
whose important collections during the Congo expedition were
described by Robert Brown. The principal contributor of
Madagascar plants was John Vaughan Thompson (fl. 1807-29).

Among New World collections, the most important is that of
John Clayton (1686?-! 773), who sent 'his Virginian plants to
Gronovius ; they are the types of Gronovius's " Flora Virginica "
(1743-1762). The volume of South Carolina plants collected by
William Young (fl. 1753-84), with an accompanying volume of
crude drawings, was acquired by Banks from the Bute library in
1794. Other early American collectors represented in the
herbarium are John Bartram (1699-1777), and his son William
(1739-1823); W. V. Turner, who collected in the "Cherokee
country" in 1769; Peter Kalm (1717-79); William Clifton
(fl. 1765) ; Dr. John Mitchell (d. 1772); and Archibald Menzies
(1754-1842).

Among West Indian collectors may be mentioned Olof Swartz

G 2

84 Botany.

(1760-1818), who contributed largely to the herbarium and
worked at the material therein preserved, obtained by previous
collectors ; the results of his researches are included in his
"Prodromus" (1783), where he pays a high tribute to Banks —
" Non poterunt immortales perillustris hujus viri digne satis
celebrari laudes " ; Henri de Ponthieu sent plants from the
Caribee Islands in 1778; William Wright (1735-1819) and
Roger Shakespear from Jamaica, the latter collected in 1777-82 ;
Alexander Anderson (d. 1815), plants f rom Demerara in 1791 and
later from the St. Vincent Garden, of which he was curator ;
John Greg, plants from Dominica, collected 1777.

ROBERT BROWN'S HERBARIUM.

At the death of Robert Brown in 1858, his herbarium came
into the possession of John Joseph Bennett, then Keeper of the
Department of Botany. It mainly consisted of the very valuable
and interesting collection made by Brown in his capacity as
naturalist during the voyage of H.M.S. Investigator, commanded
by Captain Flinders, on the coast of New Holland and Van
Diemen's Land in 1802-5, and included nearly 3,900 species,
among them being the types of Brown's " Prodromus Florse
Novse Hollandise." The herbarium during Bennett's lifetime
was kept at the Museum, and was accessible to botanists ; it was
largely employed by Bentham in the preparation of his " Flora
Australiensis." On Bennett's death in 1876, the Museum
became possessed of a complete and very fine series of the
Australian plants, with all Brown's notes, and of the remainder
of his herbarium ; this contained Australian plants from
Baxter, Sturt, Mitchell and Labillardiere, Brown's own collec-
tions in Timor and at the Cape, and various specimens from
other collectors, including types of species described by Brown.

Mr. Murray desires to state that advantage has been taken
of Mr. Britten's unique knowledge of the history of the botanical
collections. He, with Mr. Gepp's help, has completed the work.

Botany. 85

2. — CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS
TO THE BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS TO THE END OP 1902.

1829.

An extensive collection of Indian plants, made by Dr. Wallich,
and presented by the East India Company ; further instalments
were received in 1847 and 1849.

1831.

T. Drummond's " Musci Americani/' collected in North
America during the second Land Expedition (1825-28) of Sir
John Franklin : presented by Dr. Richardson ; another series —
from the Southern States — was purchased in 1842.

1834.

400 Egyptian plants collected and presented by John G.
Wilkinson, Esq.

Plants of Georgia and Carolina collected by Beyrich : pur-
chased.

500 Chilian plants collected by Bertero : purchased.

A small collection of Peruvian plants, made by A. Mathews :
purchased : in 1840, 207 plants were purchased.

1836,

127 plants from British Guiana collected and presented by
R. H. Schomburgk, Esq. ; in 1837, 400 plants were presented ;
in 1838, 300; in 1839, 323; in 1843, 510; in 1844, 530 plants,
with 125 specimens of woods and fruits.

170 Arctic plants collected and presented by Sir George
Back, R.K

119 plants from Labrador collected and presented by Lieut.
Bowen, R.N.

250 woods and 135 plants from Brazil, collected by Blanchet :
purchased ; in 1838, 180 plants were purchased.

86 Botany.

1837.

172 plants collected during the Euphrates Expedition and
presented by Col. Chesney.

1838.
1,300 Mexican plants collected by Berlandier : purchased.

1839.

405 South American plants collected by George Barclay
during the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur : presented by W. T.
Aiton, Esq.

503 Mexican plants collected by Hartweg : purchased ; in
1841, 108 Guatemalan plants were purchased; in 1842, 66 plants
from Guayaquil; in 1843, 609 Columbian and 138 Peruvian
plants.

1840.

805 specimens of woods, purchased of B. Couch, Plymouth
Dockyard.

513 plants from Port Natal collected by Dr. Krauss:
purchased.

258 Nubian plants collected by Theodor Kotschy : purchased.

1841.

75 South Australian plants collected and presented by Mrs.
Captain Grey ; in 1845, 265 plants were presented.

2,433 plants collected in the Philippines, etc. by Hugh
Cuming : purchased; in 1843, 113 orchids in spirit were pur-
chased.

1,907 plants from Syria, Persia, and Arabia, collected by
Aucher-Eloy : purchased.

803 plants and 160 woods from Brazil collected by Claussen:
purchased ; in 1843, 100 woods were purchased.

791 Brazilian plants collected by George Gardner : purchased ;
in 1842, 358 plants were purchased ; in 1843, 140 cryptogams.

313 Abyssinian plants collected by Schimper : purchased.

126 Chilian plants collected by Bridges : purchased ; in 1842,
108 plants were purchased ; in 1843, 313.

134 Brazilian plants collected by Martius: purchased.

Botany. 87

1842.

170 Australian plants presented by Capt. Wickham, R.N.

358 Surinam plants collected by Hostmann: purchased; in
1843, 541 plants were purchased.

The following were purchased at the sale of Lambert's Herba-
rium ; 1,998 plants and 397 woods, barks, fruits, and seeds, from
Peru, Mexico, and Spain, collected by Ruiz and Pavon; 2,250
Russian and Siberian plants collected by Pallas ; 453 plants
collected during Cook's second voyage, and forming the younger
Forster's Herbarium ; 674 Indian plants collected by Buchanan
Hamilton ; 400 plants from French Guiana collected by Martin.

1843.

446 North American plants collected and presented by E.
Doubleday, Esq. ; in the following year, 251 plants were

380 South African plants collected by Burke : presented by
the Earl of Derby.

90 plants from the east coast of China collected and presented
by Sir Everard Home ; the following year, 51 plants were

1000 West Australian plants collected by J. Drummond :
purchased ; in 1844, 400 plants were purchased ; in 1845, 345 ;
in 1848, 400 ; in 1850, 552 ; in 1854, 450.

228 plants of Columbia and New Granada collected by
Linden : purchased ; in 1844, 64 plants were purchased ; in
1845, 232; in 1868, 919.

1844.

595 South African plants collected and presented by Dr.
Wallich.

260 plants from Tenasserim collected and presented by Dr.
J. D. V. Packman.

150 plants from the Canary Islands collected and presented
by P. B. Webb, Esq. ; in the following year, 148 plants were
presented.

814 Persian plants collected by Theodor Kotschy : purchased ;
in 1857, 504 plants from Asia Minor were purchased ; in 1862,
580 plants from Cilicia and Kurdistan ; in 1864, 232 plants from
Syria and Cyprus; in 1867, 1,875 Persian.

88 Botany.

500 European mosses prepared by W. P. Schimper : purchased.

175 plants from Chili collected by Renous: purchased.

168 models of British Fungi made by J. Sowerby : purchased.

1845.

1,120 South American plants collected during the Voyage of
Survey, in the Adventure and Beagle, by Capt. P. P. King, R.N.,
and presented by him.

531 plants from Auckland and Campbell's Islands collected
during Ross's Antarctic Voyage, and presented by Dr. J. D.
Hooker; in 1847, 444 plants were presented ; in 1854, 439 New
Zealand plants.

247 plants from Guiana : presented by H. C. Rothery, Esq.

713 plants from Florida collected by Chapman : purchased.

600 North American plants collected by Geyer : purchased.

330 plants from Quito collected by Jameson : purchased ; in
1846, 277 Columbian plants were purchased; in 1847, 102
Columbian mosses ; in 1848, 127 plants from Quito; in 1849, 257 :
in 1850, 182 ; in 1857, 795; in 1858, 168.

318 plants from Texas collected by Lindheimer : purchased ;
in 1850, 457 plants were purchased.

272 Chinese plants collected by Fortune : purchased ; in
1846, 55 plants were purchased; in 1852, 70 plants, etc.; in
1857, 52 plants, etc.; in 1860, a series of woods; in 1862, 100
plants from China and Japan.

228 Grecian plants collected by Heldreich : purchased ; in
1849, 1,787 plants from Greece and Asia Minor were purchased.

1846.

715 plants from Australia and the Pacific Islands, collected
and presented by Sir Everard Home; in 1853, 400 plants, with
numerous cryptogams, were presented; in 1854, 174.

1,500 South African plants collected by Zeyher : purchased :
in 1852, 55 woods were purchased.

650 Caucasian plants collected by Hohenacker : purchased.

580 plants from Buenos Ayres collected by Tweedie :
purchased.

400 plants from the Canary Islands collected by Bourgeau :
purchased ; the following year, 607 plants were purchased.

160 Arabian plants collected by W. Schimper: purchased;
in 1880, 84 plants were presented.

Botany. 89

131 plants from Java collected by T. Lobb: purchased; in
1847, 213 plants from Java, Penang, and Singapore were
purchased; in 1848, 48.

1847.

The collection of Edward Rudge, containing an arranged
general herbarium of 4,138 species, and 772 plants from French
Guiana collected by Martin : presented by Mrs. Rudge.

485 plants from New South Wales collected and presented
by Sir Thomas Mitchell.

303 plants from Madagascar and Mauritius collected by
Bojer : presented by the Society of Arts and Sciences, Mauritius.

533 Bolivian plants collected by Bridges : purchased.

132 Hepaticse Britannicse prepared by Maclvor : purchased.
408 Pyrenean mosses and hepatics collected by Spruce :

purchased.

1848.

650 Portuguese plants collected by Welwitsch : purchased ;
in 1852, 200 plants were purchased; in 1853, 601; in 1856,
125 mosses.

412 Calif ornian plants collected by Hartweg : purchased.

326 plants from New Mexico collected by Fendler : purchased ;
the following year, 1,297 plants were purchased.

1849.

An extensive collection, forming part of W. Griffith's Indian
herbarium, was presented by the East India Company ; a con-
tinuation was presented the following year.

294 plants from North Persia collected and presented by
Thomas Lynch, Esq.

292 plants from the South of France and the Spanish Pyre-
nees, collected by Bourgeau : purchased ; in 1850, 270 Spanish
plants were purchased; in 1864, 611 plants from the French
Maritime Alps, Spain, Algeria, Armenia, andLycia; in 1865,
178 European; in 1868, 1,080 plants from Corsica and Savoy.

1850.

236 plants from the Dutch possessions in India, collected by
Junghuhn and presented by Dr. de Vriese.

118 plants from the Sandwich Islands and the West Coast of
Africa, collected and presented by Lieut. W. Strickland, R.N.

90 Botany.

26 Syrian plants collected by W. K. Loftus : presented ; in
1853 and 1856, 72 Oriental plants were presented ; in 1856, 207
Assyrian plants were purchased.

635 South American plants with specimens of wood, etc.,
collected by Spruce: purchased; in 1851, 378 plants, etc., were
purchased ; in 1852, 367 plants, etc. ; in 1853, 422 ; in 1855, 405 ;
in 1856, 256; in 1858, 664; in 1859, 363; in 1860, 300; in
1861, 910; in 1866, 997; in 1867, 1,403 mosses; in 1892, 494
hepatics.

519 plants from New Mexico collected by C. Wright : pur-
chased ; in 1853, 850 plants were purchased.

396 Spanish plants collected by Blanco : purchased.

208 plants from Algeria and Oran collected by George Munby :
purchased.

200 plants from Forfarshire collected by W. Gardiner :
purchased.

108 plants from New Zealand collected by Mossman : pur-
chased; in 1850, 107 cryptogams were purchased; in 1860, 365
"West Australian plants.

1851.

5,746 Brazilian plants collected by Gardner, being his own
herbarium : purchased of his executors.

1852.

1,747 plants from Kumaun, Garhwal, and adjoining part of
Tibet, collected by Capt. R. Strachey and presented by the East
India Company.

114 woods from Ceylon, collected and presented by F. Layard,
Esq.

A collection of Australian plants, chiefly from Allan Cunning-
ham : presented.

780 specimens, representing 293 species of British sea-weeds :
purchased from Mrs. Griffiths.

130 plants from Mount Olympus collected by Clemente :
purchased.

A collection of fruits and fungi from St. Domingo, collected
by Salle : purchased; in 1855, 46 fungi from Vera Cruz were
purchased; in 1857, 298 Mexican fungi; in 1858, 524 Mexican
plants and 275 from New Orleans.

Botany. 91

1853.

151 plants from St. Domingo collected by Sir R. H. Schom-
burgk : presented.

250 plants from Ceylon collected by Thwaites : purchased ;
in 1854, 433 plants were purchased; in 1855, 1,392; in 1857,
234; in 1858, 152; in 1860, L66; in 1861, 105; in 1863, 129;
in 1866, 113 ; in 1868, 117 ; in 1875, 445 cryptogams.

150 South African plants collected by J. H. Bowker :
purchased.

100 plants from Moreton Bay collected by Strange : pur-
chased.

1854.

550 Armenian plants collected by Huet de Pavilion: pur-
chased; in 1856, 363 Sicilian plants were purchased; in 1857,
325 ; in 1867, 350 Oriental plants.

388 South American plants collected by W. Lobb : purchased.

316 Dalmatian plants collected by Botteri : purchased; in
1867, 200 plants were purchased.

309 plants from Kurdistan and Loristan, collected by Olguin :
purchased.

80 plants from New Zealand collected by T. S. Ralph:
purchased; in 1859, 87 ferns were purchased.

1855.

720 Indian plants collected and presented by Drs. J. D.
Hooker and T. Thomson ; in 1859, 3,851 plants were presented ;
in 1861, 2,395.

546 Mexican plants collected by Botteri : purchased ; in
1857, 470 plants were purchased.

496 plants from the South Pacific Islands, collected by John
MacGillivray : purchased; in 1860, 119 cryptogams from the
New Hebrides were purchased; in 1862, 91 plants; in 1863,
89 plants from Lizard Island.

425 Oriental plants collected by Balansa : purchased ; in
1856, 487 plants were purchased; in 1857, 144 ; in 1858, 170.

242 South Australian algse, collected by Ray : purchased.

1856.

450 plants from the South Sea Islands, etc., collected during
the voyage of H.M.S. Herald (1852), and presented by Sir J.
Liddell, C.B.

92 Botany.

257 plants of the same voyage, with 1,919 North American
plants, chiefly collected by Sir John Richardson ; 852 West
Australian plants collected by A. Collie ; and 477 miscellaneous
plants with specimens of vegetable productions, were received
from the Royal Naval Hospital, Haslar.

222 plants from the Pyrenean Mountains, Australia, collected
and presented by D. E. Cooper, Esq.

144 plants from Tripoli and Central Africa collected and
presented by Dr. E. Vogel.

395 plants from Tunis collected by Kralik : purchased.

182 Venezuelan ferns collected by Fendler : purchased.

166 Spanish plants collected by Rossmassler : purchased.

The following were purchased at the sale of the Horticultural
Society's Herbarium: 1,460 plants from North-West America
and California, collected by D. Douglas; 1,079 plants from
Ceylon and 320 from the Sandwich Islands, collected by Macrae :
701 plants from West Tropical Africa, collected by G. Don ;
317 plants from South Africa and Madagascar, collected by
J. Forbes j 510 plants from the East Indies.

1857.

567 algae from Australia, 119 from the Friendly Islands and

93 from Ceylon, collected by Harvey : purchased.

337 Javanese plants collected by Zollinger : purchased ; the
following year, 360 plants were purchased.

218 Chilian plants collected by Ph. Germain : purchased ;
the following year, 484 plants were purchased.

126 plants from Chagres collected by Fendler : purchased.

22 woods, etc., from Madeira, collected by N. H. Mason :
purchased ; the following year 400 plants were purchased.

1858.

964 Javanese plants, collected by Dr. Horsfield, including the
types of Brown and Bennett's " Plantse Javanicse Rariores " :
presented by the East India Company.

The following were purchased at the sale of W. Gourlie's
Herbarium: 1000 plants from Ohio, collected by J. Clarke; 635
Corsican plants, collected by Soleirol; 600 plants from New
Zealand, collected by A. Sinclair ; 590 Indian plants, collected
by Dr. T. Thomson; 535 plants from Spain, Italy and
Algeria, collected by Balansa, Bourgeau, Durieu and Jamin ;

Botany. 93

184 plants from Panama and North- West America, collected by
Seemann.

625 Australasian plants collected by Leichardt and Lynd :
purchased.

600 plants from Braemar collected by A. Croall : purchased.
285 Californian plants collected by Bridges : purchased.
174 Ceylon woods collected by Wright : purchased.

1859.

James Sowerby's Herbarium, containing the types of the
plants figured in " English Botany " : purchased.

" Lichenes Hibernici exsiccati," prepared by Isaac Carroll :
purchased; in 1874 and 1875, large Irish and Scandinavian
collections, formed by Carroll, were purchased.

1860.

406 plants from Kentucky collected by Dr. Shortt and
presented by Sir John Richardson.

5,750 North American plants, forming Nuttall's Herbarium :
purchased.

889 plants from Ecuador collected by Louis Fraser : pur-
chased ; the following year, 156 Guatemalan plants were
purchased.

Four centuries of " Lichenes ex herb. T. Salwey " : purchased
1860-62.

50 species forming fasc. 1 of Wirtgen's "Rubi Rhenani":
purchased; in 1861, fasc. 2 was purchased; in 1862, 32 species
of Mentha.

1861.

134 West Himalayan plants collected by Captain P. Gerard :
presented.

757 plants, chiefly Russian, from Prescott's Herbarium : pur-
chased.

601 British lichens collected by W. Mudd : purchased ; in
1865, 80 specimens, illustrating his monograph of British
Cladonise, were purchased.

594 plants from the Fiji Islands collected by Seemann :
purchased; in 1865, 200 plants were purchased.

375 plants from Alabama collected by S. B. Buckley :
purchased.

94 Botany.

360 British mosses and 150 lichens collected by J. Sadler :
purchased.

337 British sea-weeds collected and presented by Miss Cutler,
and 149 by Mrs. Gray.

1,200 species forming 24 fascicles of the " Erbario Critto-
gamico Italiano," Ser. I : purchased at various times between the
years 1861 and 1871. (For Series II, see 1869.)

300 plants from South- West Australia, collected by G. Max-
well: purchased.

258 British fungi and 51 Rubi collected by Rev. A. Bloxam :
purchased ; in 1866, 49 Rubi were presented ; in 1870, 2,086
fungi of Britain and France were purchased ; in 1875, a collection
of lichens was purchased; in 1878, his scientific correspondence
was presented by his son; in 1893, 46 Rubi were presented by
the Linnean Society ; in 1896, 200 British and 300 New Zealand
cryptogams were presented by F. T. Mott, Esq.

254 plants from Senegal collected by Perrottet : purchased ;
in 1862, 52 plants from Guadeloupe were purchased.

208 Mexican plants collected by Jiirgensen : purchased.

201 North American plants collected by Carey and Watson :
purchased.

176 plants from Madagascar and Mohilla collected by Boivin :
purchased.

159 Senegal plants collected by Adanson, Leprieur and
Perrottet : purchased.

136 plants from Mexico and Peru collected by Ruiz and
Pa von : purchased.

117 Senegal plants collected by Heudelot : purchased.

100 species, forming two fasciculi of Ayres's " British Fungi " :
purchased.

74 plants from Martinique, collected by Belanger, Garnier
and Perrottet : purchased.

1862.

A valuable series of plants collected during the 17th and
18th centuries, including the herbaria of Ray, Dale, Rand and
Nicholls : presented by the Apothecaries' Company.

3,300 European plants, forming fasc. 1-33 of Billot's " Flora
Gallise et Germanise exsiccata " : further instalments were pur-
chased in 1865 and in 1867.

2,542 cryptogams, forming the herbarium of George J. Lyon :
purchased.

Botany. 95

2,000 plants, forming the type collection of Seemann's " Botany
of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald" : purchased.

974 species, forming fasc. 1-36 of Rabenhorst's "Lichenes
Europaei exsiccati": purchased between the years 1862 and
1880.

Decades 1-66 of Rabenhorst's " Hepaticae Europsese " : pur-
chased between the years 1862 and 1880.

800 species, forming cent. 1-8 of Rabenhorst's " Fungi
Europaei," Ed. 2, Ser. i. : purchased.

465 plants from New Grenada collected by Schlim : pur-
chased.

305 plants from Penang and Singapore collected by J. T.
Walker : purchased.

Baxter's " Stirpes Cryptogamicse Oxonienses " : purchased.

46 British Salices, collected by J. E. Leefe : purchased ; in
1870, 100 Salices were purchased; in 1872 and 1875 further
purchases were made.

Count Limminghe's lichen collection : purchased.

1863.

457 Tasmanian plants collected and presented by Dr. J.
Milligan; in 1868, 72 were presented.

313 mosses and 74 hepatics from the Simplon Pass : presented
by Prof. Gagliardi ; in the following year, 665 lichens were pre-
sented.

2,300 German plants, forming part of Reichenbach's " Flora
Germanica exsiccata " : purchased ; in the following year, 500
were purchased.

218 plants and 450 fruits from Panama collected by Sutton
Hayes : purchased ; in the following year, 1,102 plants were pur-
chased.

162 plants from the Zambesi collected by the Rev. J.
Stewart : purchased.

103 Composite prepared by Schultz-Bipontinus : purchased ;
in 1866, 100 were purchased; in 1871, 253 ; in 1872, 870.

The following were purchased of the Linnean Society : 690
Australian plants collected by Ferd. von Mueller ; 340 crypto-
gams from South Carolina collected by Ravenel; 250 Chilian
Cornpositse collected by Gillies ; 87 plants from Madagascar
collected by Hilsenberg ; Dr. Pulteney's British Herbarium ;
herbarium of South Carolina plants formed by Walter.

96 Botany.

1864.

216 fungi presented by C. E. Broome, Esq.
3,000 species, forming sixty livraisons of Desmazieres' " Plantes
Cryptogames de la France " : transferred from the Department
of Printed Books ; in 1888, 280 fresh-water algae : purchased.

2,000 mosses, chiefly British, forming A. O. Black's Herbarium :
purchased.

Rabenhorst's " Algen Sachsens," comprising two hundred and
fifty -nine decades, were purchased between the years 1864 and
1880.

Rabenhorst's "Fungi Europaei," Ed. 2, Ser. ii., containing
forty-three centuries, were purchased between the years 1864
and 1901.

121 specimens, forming five parts of Rabenhorst's " Characese
Europese," were purchased between the years 1864 and 1879.

450 British fungi collected by M. C. Cooke: purchased; in
1865, 250 fungi were purchased; in 1867, 200; in 1870, 100;
in 1872, 307 ; in 1874, 100 fungi and 50 Discomycetes ; from
1872-74, 332 preparations, illustrating the structure and
fructification of British fungi, were purchased; in 1895, 100
fungi, chiefly Australian.

539 Cuban cryptogams collected by C. Wright : purchased :
in 1865, 2,127 phanerogams were purchased; in 1870, 351 fungi;
in 1884, 330 Graphidese; in 1886, 56 lichens.

700 plants of the Rocky Mountains collected by Hall,
Harbour and Parry : purchased.

672 Pyrenean plants collected by Fourcade : purchased.

550 plants from Palestine collected by B. T. Lowne :
purchased.

100 plants forming two fasciculi of Van Heurck's " Plantes
rares ou critiques de Belgique" : purchased ; in 1868, 1869, and
1870, other fasciculi were purchased.

1865.

1,500 British plants presented by Mrs. Anna Atkins.

1,078 South African plants collected by T. Cooper: pre-
sented.

1,000 Tyrolese plants collected by Rupert Huter : purchased ;
in 1866, 850 plants were purchased; in 1867, 300 ; in 1868, 425
Dalmatian; in 1870, 375 Tyrolese; in 1872, 405; in 1875, 488

Botany. 9 7

from the Tyrol and North Italy; in 1876, 237 from South
Europe; in 1881, 375 European.

2,850 Venezuelan plants collected by Moritz : purchased.

1,600 plants from Zululand collected by W. T. Gerrard :
purchased.

400 Sicilian plants, forming first four centuries of Todaro's
"Flora Sicula": purchased; in 1867, 1868, cent. 5, 6 were
purchased; in 1869, cent. 7, 8 ; in 1871, cent. 9-12; in 1875,
cent. 13, 14.

369 Swedish plants collected by Nyman : purchased.

273 European mosses contained in Schimper's " Pugillus
Muscorum " : purchased.

269 plants from the Shetland Islands collected by Ralph
Tate : purchased.

1866.

Collection of ferns (upwards of 10,000) made by John Smith,
of Kew : purchased.

5000 microscope-slides of Diatomaceae, forming the entire
collections of Gregory and Greville : purchased.

600 German plants, forming first six centuries of F. Schultz's
"Herbarium Normale " : purchased; in 1868, cent. 7-10 were
purchased ; in 1886, cent. 20, 21 (C. Keck, ed.) ; in 1887,
cent. 22, 23; in 1888, cent. 24; in 1889, cent. 25, 26; in 1892,
cent. 27-29 ; in 1894, cent. 30, and 31 (Dorfler, ed.) ; in 1897,
cent. 32-34; in 1898, cent. 35, 36; in 1899, cent. 37-39; in
1900, cent. 40; in 1901, cent. 41 ; in 1902, cent. 42, 43.

536 specimens being Sullivant and Lesquereux's "Musci
American! exsiccati," Ed. II. : purchased.

475 plants from Formosa collected by R. Oldham : purchased ;
in 1870, 663 plants were purchased.

400 species, being Mdlle. Libert's " Plantae Cryptogamicse " of
the Ardennes : purchased.

370 specimens of Leighton's " Lichenes Britannici " : pur-
chased ; the following year, 50 species were purchased.

112 plants from Old Calabar collected by W. G. Milne:
purchased.

1867.

1,300 plants from the East Indies and 1,000 from the
Neilgherry Mountains, collected by Metz : purchased.

835 marine algse collected by Kiitzing and others : purchased ;
the following year, Kutzing's entire collection of about 2,000

P8 Botany.

gatherings of Diatomacese, together with notes and sketches, was
purchased.

785 plants and 42 woods from Egypt and Ethiopia, collected
by Schweinfurth : purchased.

18 fascicles of British algee prepared by J. Cocks : purchased.

238 plants from Chontales, Nicaragua, collected by B.
Seemann : purchased.

227 plants from Senegambia and 256 from the Neilgherry
Mountains, collected by Perrottet : purchased.

Wirtgen's " Herbarium Rhenanum" : purchased 1867—71.

134 cryptogams from South Africa and the West Indies
collected by Breutel : purchased; in 1871, 873 mosses from
South Africa, Central and Arctic America ; purchased.

1868.

994 plants from Styria, Dalmatia, and Italy, presented by
Dr. R. C. Alexander Prior.

333 Australian plants collected and presented by Charles
Moore, Esq.

295 British lichens presented by Dr. Holl.

4,824 cryptogams, being Hepp's herbarium : purchased.

1,250 Bolivian plants collected by Mandon : purchased.

1,093 Pyrenese plants collected by Petit : purchased.

966 Algerian plants collected by Remain : purchased.

954 plants from French Guiana collected by Sagot : pur-
chased.

588 Italian plants collected by Puccinelli : purchased.

564 Chilian plants collected by Philippi : purchased ; in 1893,
several specimens of Malvaceae were presented.

544 plants from Martinique collected by Hahn : purchased ;
in 1870, 444 plants were purchased.

500 Calif ornian plants collected by Bolander : purchased.

100 microscope-slides of Eulenstein's " Diatomacesa Typicse " :
purchased.

50 lichens from the Channel Islands collected by Larbalestier :
purchased; in 1873, 230 lichens were purchased; in 1880, 350
British and 150 Egyptian.

1869.

110 Australasian plants collected by Baron Ferd. von
Mueller: presented; in 1878, 286 plants were presented; in

Botany. 99

1884, 30; in 1885, 783 ; in 1886, 161 ; in 1887, 675 ; in 1889,
402; in 1890, 692; in 1891, 343; in 1892, 164; in 1893, 56;
in 1894, 22.

700 plants from Quito collected by Jameson and presented by
J. N. Kuczinski, Esq.

211 North American plants collected and presented by Dr.
W. A. Bell.

110 Styrian and 22 Sicilian plants collected and presented by
the Chevalier Pittoni.

48 plants from Gibraltar collected and presented by H. A.
Hurst, Esq. ; in 1871, 62 plants from Lower Egypt were
presented ; in 1876, 99 Egyptian ; in 1881, 200.

2,000 Abyssinian plants collected by W. Schimper : pur-
chased; in 1871, 90 mosses and hepatics were purchased; in
1872, 270 plants ; in 1890, 224 plants were acquired by exchange ;
in 1891, 265.

650 plants from the European collection formed by Dr.
Rostan : purchased.

416 fungi from South Carolina collected by Ravenel: purchased.

323 Nicaraguan plants collected by Ralph Tate : purchased.

1,100 species, forming twenty-two fasciculi of the " Erbario
Crittogamico Italiano," Ser. II., were purchased between the
years 1869 and 1881. (For series I, see 1861.)

The following, from N. B. Ward's collection, were purchased
of his executors : 3,094 South African plants collected by Harvey,
Ecklon, Stanger, etc. ; 1,014 Indian plants collected by Wight;
784 North American plants collected by Gray, Sullivant, etc. ;
560 Madeiran plants collected by Lemann, Lippold, etc. ; 431
Malaccan plants collected by Griffith; 225 Californian plants
collected by Coulter ; 213 North American Carices collected by
Sartwell; 166 Swan River plants collected byMylne; 113 plants
from the Fiji Islands collected by Harvey ; 96 North European
Salices collected by Lsestadius ; 77 Athenian plants collected by
Boissier.

1870.

67 plants from the Island of Banka, Malay Archipelago :
presented by Dr. R. H. C. C. Scheffer ; in 1872, 276 Javanese
woods were presented.

2,625 Oriental plants collected by Haussknecht : purchased.

100 British lichens collected by J. M. Crombie : purchased ;
in 1871, 200 lichens were purchased ; in 1872, 100 ; in 1873, 450 ;

H 2

100 Botany.

in 1874, 450; in 1877, 350; in 1890, 1,287; in 1891, 138; in
1900, 54.

250 critical British plants collected by W. T. Thiselton Dyer :
purchased; in 1871, 100 plants, purchased.

175 Juncaceae, and 165 Graminese, being Baenitz's published
sets : purchased.

100 plants from Old Calabar collected by Robb : purchased.

82 fossil plants prepared by Nornian : purchased; in 1871,
73 fossil woods were purchased ; in 1873, 122 fossils.

1871.

343 cellular cryptogams presented by Dr. W. Lauder
Lindsay ; in 1874, a collection of fossil plants was presented.

267 Cape plants collected by R. Trimen : presented.

Auerswald's herbarium of 17,000 European and American
plants : purchased.

1,625 Scandinavian plants collected by Ahlberg : purchased.

1,450 mosses, forming twenty-nine fasciculi of Rabenhorst's
" Bryotheca Europsea," were purchased between 1871 and 1884.

125 vascular cryptogams of Europe, forming five fasciculi of
Rabenhorst's published set.

1,030 Russian plants collected by Gruner, Bunge, Schweinfurth,
Le Jolis, etc. : purchased; and 556 from Catherinslav and 371
from Woronetz by Gruner.

1,000 Yucatan plants collected by A. Schott : purchased.

410 lichens of Italy collected by Anzi : purchased ; in 1875,
a further 988 were purchased.

400 North African plants collected by E. G. Paris: pur-
chased; in the following year, 100 plants were purchased.

400 Belgian cryptogams collected by Westendorp and
Wallays : purchased.

390 South American mosses collected by J. Weir : purchased r
in the ensuing year, 189 plants were purchased.

378 Russian plants collected by Golde : purchased ; in 1874,
133 plants were purchased ; in 1875, 100.

323 Malayan plants collected by A. C. Maingay : purchased ;
in 1882, 135 Burmese lichens were purchased.

304 British fungi collected by W. G. Smith : purchased ; in
subsequent years 47 specimens and 216 microscope preparations
•were acquired.

300 wood sectior.s prepared by Nordlinger : purchased ; »

Botany. 101

complete series of his " Holzquerschnitte " was subsequently
purchased.

272 Salices collected by Wimmer : purchased.

225 German fungi prepared by Holl and Schmidt : purchased.

219 Italian plants collected by Liberate Sabbati, 1718;
transferred from Kew.

200 cryptogams collected by Kneiff and Hartmann : pur-
chased.

185 plants from the Island Sviatoi, Caspian Sea, collected by
Bruhns : purchased.

168 plants, forming Schultz's "Herbarium Florae Istriacse " :
purchased.

150 plants from the Engadine collected by J. L. Krattli :
purchased.

125 Scandinavian plants collected by Zetterstedt : purchased.

105 Portuguese plants collected by Daniel Sharpe : purchased.

1872.

Plants from Dr. J. A. Murray's Herbarium : purchased.

1,800 rare French plants, collected by Jordan, Kralik,
Grenier, etc. : purchased.

880 New Caledonian plants collected by Pancher : purchased ;
the following year, 73 woods and stems were purchased.

650 Spanish plants collected by Graells : purchased.

150 Scandinavian mosses and 650 lichens from Lapland
collected by Hellbom : purchased; in 1891, 200 Scandinavian
lichens were purchased.

633 plants from Oregon collected by Elihu Hall : purchased ;
the following year, 850 plants from Texas were purchased.

700 " Schweizerische Kryptogamen " in 14 fascicles, by
Wartmann and Schenck : purchased.

385 North Italian plants collected by Cesati, Caruel and Savi :

350 Corsican plants collected by P. Mabille : purchased.

A complete set of Berkeley's " British Fungi " (350 specimens) :
purchased.

1,300 Austrian fungi prepared by F. von Thiimen : purchased
1872-75.

250 Scandinavian algae collected by Areschoug : purchased ;
in 1875, 150 algae were purchased.

225 plants and 19 fruits from Cordova collected by E.
Fielding : purchased.

102 Botany.

191 plants from Cherson, Russia, collected by Rehmann :
purchased.

187 plants from Malta and Italy, collected and presented by
J. T. Duthie, Esq. : in 1873, 128 plants were presented ; in 1874,
300 were purchased.

150 plants from Crete and 90 from Martinique collected by
Sieber : purchased.

131 plants from Demerara collected by C. Appun : purchased.

110 Cuban plants collected by Ramon de la Sagra : purchased.

100 species, forming first two fasciculi of Lindeberg's
"Hieracia Scandinaviae " : purchased; in 1878, fasc. 3 was
purchased; in 1888, 52 species of his "Herbarium Ruborum
Scandinavise."

80 species, forming first two fasciculi of Nordstedt and
Wahlstedt's Scandinavian " Characese " : purchased; in 1875,
fasc. 3 was purchased.

1873.

3000 British plants : presented by Dr. Trimen.

432 Burmese cryptogams collected and presented by S. Kurz.

900 species, forming nine centuries of Karsten's " Fungi
Fenniae " : purchased.

595 plants from Suez, Arabia and East Africa collected by
Hildebrandt: purchased; in 1874, 264 plants from Zanzibar
were purchased; in 1875, 411 East African; in 1878, 357; in
1883, 707 from Madagascar; in 1884, 63.

525 Calif ornian plants collected by Kellogg : purchased.

The Moss herbarium of William Wilson was purchased.

564 plants from Madagascar collected by Hilsenberg and
Bojer : purchased.

458 Madeiran plants collected by Mandon : purchased.

384 Mexican plants collected by Ghiesbreght : purchased.

375 grasses collected by Trinius : purchased.

400 mosses from Normandy prepared by Etienne : purchased
1873, 1875.

256 New Caledonian plants collected by Vieillard and
Deplanche : purchased.

240 plants from Greece and Crete collected by Heldreich :
purchased; in 1875, 255 plants were purchased; in 1886, 87;
in 1888, 100 ; in 1889, 323 ; in 1896, 100; in 1897, 100.

134 ferns from Guadeloupe collected by L'Herminier : pur-
chased.

Botany. 103

106 Glumaceoe and 270 cryptogams from the Antilles collected
y Husnot : purchased.

Three centuries of Plowright's " Sphseriacei Britannici " : pur-
lased 1873, 1875, 1879.

100 Welsh lichens collected by Rev. W. A. Leighton : pur-
lased ; in 1875, 130 were purchased.

60 West Australian plants collected by Brewer : purchased ;
L 1893, 354 were acquired.

Mougeot and Nestler's cryptogamic plants of the Vosges (15
uituries) : purchased.

100 specimens of fungi prepared by J. English.

1874.

506 plants and a series of fruits from Hong Kong collected
aad presented by the Rev. James Lament.

Herbarium of North Lancashire plants presented by Miss E.
Hodgson.

250 plants from Brisbane collected by Amalia Dietrich :
purchased.

209 ferns from Samoa, Tonga and Viti collected by E.
Graeffe : purchased.

150 Tyrolese lichens collected by F. Arnold : purchased.

29 fascicles of Rehms' " Ascomyceten " were purchased between
the years 1874 and 1902.

100 Russian plants collected by Meinshausen : purchased ;
the following year, 100 were purchased.

24 cryptogams from Spitzbergen collected by the Rev. A. E.
Euton : presented; in 1876, 139 cryptogams from the Cape and
124 from Kerguelen's Land were presented.

1875.

254 Indian plants collected and presented by C. B. Clarke,
Esq. ; in 1879, 951 plants were presented; in 1881, 2,651 and a
set of Cyrtandracese ; in 1882, 2,335 ; in 1883, 182 ; in 1888,
910 ; in 1889, 190 ; in 1890, 26 ; in 1891, 2,369 ; in 1892, 312 ;
in 1893, 490; in 1897, 564.

510 South African plants collected and presented by P. Mac-
Owan, Esq. ; in 1876, 400 species were purchased ; in 1886, 200

473 British plants collected and presented by Miss Chandler.

104 Botany.

301 Chinese plants collected and presented by F. B. Forbes,
Esq.

Herbarium of Indian ferns of Col. Beddome : purchased ; in
1885, nearly 10,000 plants were purchased ; in 1887, 58 mosses ;
in 1890, 706 plants.

773 Chilian plants collected by E. C. Reed : purchased.

667 lichens from New Granada, being Lindig's study set :
purchased.

600 German fungi collected by Fuckel : purchased.

Sixteen centuries of P. A. Saccardo's " Mycotheca Veneta " :
purchased between the years 1875 and 1881.

450 specimens, Nylander and Norrlin's " Herbarium Lichenum
Fennite": purchased 1875-1882.

Twenty-three centuries of Thumen's " Mycotheca Univer-
salis" : purchased between the years 1875 and 1884.

The following were purchased from E. F. Nolte's Herbarium :
1,285 plants from Schleswig-Holstein collected by Hansen ; 1,000
Scandinavian plants forming Fries' " Herbarium Normale " ; 865
species forming Funck's " Cryptogamische Gewachse " ; 611 plants
from Greenland and Iceland, collected by Vahl and Hornemann ;
200 German lichens prepared by Florke and 100 vascular crypto-
gams by Reichenbach ; 200 algae of East Friesland prepared by
Jurgens; 180 Oriental plants collected by Forskal ; 150 North
American lichens and 82 New England plants collected by
Tuckerman ; a large collection of Potamogeton, 52 species of
Batrachium and 14 species of Najas ; and a number of types of
plants described by Cavanilles, Delile, Thuillier, Allioni and
others.

100 plants forming George Don's " Herbarium Britannicum " :
purchased.

1876.

The study set of Robert Brown's Australian plants and
other specimens : bequeathed by J. J. Bennett.

The second set of Welwitsch's African plants was acquired.

The moss herbarium of James Dickson : purchased.

360 plants from the Island of Rodriguez, collected by Dr.
Bayley Balfour during the Transit of Venus expedition : pre-
sented by the Royal Society ; in 1879, a set of cellular plants
was presented.

294 Formosan plants collected and presented by the Rev. W.
Campbell.

Botany. 105

200 plants from New Zealand collected and presented by Sir
James Hector.

160 palms from the Amazon region collected and presented
by Dr. J. Trail.

149 Cape plants collected and presented by Dr. Halm.

1877.

The Herbarium of Robert James Shuttleworth, containing
more than 170,000 specimens from all parts of the world;
purchased. It included Roemer's Herbarium, and extensive
collections made by Shuttleworth, in Europe ; by Frivaldsky,
in Turkey ; Richter, in Hungary ; Mabille and Debeaux, in
Corsica; Bourgeau, in the Balearic Islands, Spanish Pyrenees
and Rhodes ; Willkomm, in South Spain ; Auzendli and others,
in Algiers ; Du Parquet, in. Egypt ; Aucher-Eloy and Kotschy,
in the Levant ; beside the published series of Reichenbach, Fries,
Huet du Pavilion, &c., greatly enhanced in value by numerous
critical notes by Shuttleworth. A very large number of North
American plants collected by Lindheimer, Beyrich, Fendler,
Blodgett, and especially by Rugel ; Mexican plants collected by
Jurgensen, Hartweg and Berlandier ; and South American
collections made by Hostmann, Linden, Gardner, Jameson,
Mathews and others. The Asiatic portion contained a very fine
and extensive series of the plants of Zollinger, from Java and
Japan ; of Kollmann, from Java ; of Cuming, from the Philippines ;
of Fortune, from China ; of Walker and Lobb, from Singapore ;
of Campbell, Christie, Heifer and Wallich, from India ; and of
Karelin and Kiriloff, from Dzungaria. The African collections
comprise the plants of Schimper and Kotschy, from Nubia and
Abyssinia ; of Brunner, from Senegal and the Cape Verde
Islands ; and of Drege, Krauss and others from South Africa.
The Australian collections include the plants of Drummond,
Preiss and Sieber. The cryptogams, which number 20,000, con-
tain the collections of Schaerer, Desmazieres, Mougeot and Nestler,
Kiitzing, Crome, Rugel, Braun, Schmidt and Kunze, Wartmann
and Schenk, Salwey and many others.

The herbarium of Hepaticse, formed by Hampe, containing
upwards of 6,000 specimens : purchased ; in 1881, Hampe's moss
herbarium of about 25,000 specimens was purchased.

1,098 plants collected by H. N. Moseley during the Challenger
expedition : presented by the Lords of the Treasury ; the following
year, 1,606 plants were presented.

106 Botany.

1878.

230 "West tropical African plants collected by Kalbreyer and
presented by Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons; in 1885, 20 plants
were presented.

114 Brazilian plants collected by E. Warming : presented.

570 plants from the Samoan Islands collected by Rev. S. J.
Whitmee : purchased.

439 plants from Paraguay collected by Balansa : purchased ;
in 1885, 914 plants were purchased.

400 plants from East Lapland collected by Fellman : pur-
chased.

300 Grecian plants collected by Pichler : purchased.

Twenty-nine fasciculi of Wittrock and Nordstedt's " Algse
aquae dulcis exsiccatee " : purchased between the years 1878 and
1897.

Eight centuries of Ravenel's " Fungi American! " : purchased
between the years 1878 and 1882.

175 plants from Uruguay and 136 from the Argentine
Republic, collected by Lorentz : purchased.

3,497 Syrian plants collected by G. E. Post : acquired at
various dates between 1878 and 1902.

78 ferns from Trinidad collected by Fendler : purchased ; in
1880, 50 ferns were purchased; in 1881, 642 plants; in 1891,
43 cryptogams were received.

Kunze's " Fungi Selecti " (410 specimens) : purchased 1878-81.

1879.

The extensive herbarium formed by John Miers : bequeathed ;
in 1880, 170 Brazilian woods together with spirit specimens of
Burinanniacese, etc., were presented by his son ; in 1887, 2,006
ferns.

Edward Newman's fern herbarium was presented by his son.

230 plants from North Borneo, collected by F. W. Burbidge
and presented by Messrs. Veitch.

A collection of plants from Damara-Land, made by T. G.
Een : purchased.

490 South African mosses collected by A. Rehmann : pur-
chased; in 1881, 942 plants were purchased; in 1883, 1,234; in
1886, 697 mosses; in 1890, 106 hepatics.

315 plants from New Zealand collected by S. Berggren :
purchased ; in 1889, 58 fresh-water algae were purchased.

Botany. 107

Three centuries of Oudeman's "Fungi Neerlandici " : pur-
chased 1879-80.

68 plants from the Eastern Archipelago collected by H. O.
Forbes : purchased ; in 1880, 165 plants were purchased ; in 1883,
1,500 plants together with a series of fruits ; in 1884, 990 plants
and 120 fruits; in 1886, 911 plants and 74 woods; in 1888, 1,020
plants.

31 South American plants collected by F. Simons : purchased ;
in 1880, 25 plants were purchased; in 1881, 150.

1880.

422 plants from Kurrum Valley, Afghanistan, collected and
presented by Dr. J. E. T. Aitchison; in 1881, 196 plants were
presented; in 1887, a set of plants collected during the Afghan
Boundary Expedition.

1,602 British plants collected and presented by T. R. Archer
Briggs, Esq., between 1880 and 1891.

2,482 British plants collected by A. French : purchased.

984 North African plants collected by Gandoger : purchased.

1,464 European lichens, chiefly British, and 189 preparations
of cellular plants, purchased of W. Joshua ; and 850 cryptogamic
slides purchased 1881-86.

468 Spanish plants collected by Huter, Porta and Rigo ; in
1891, 497 ; in 1892, 478 : purchased; in 1886, 168 plants of the
Balearic Islands were purchased.

443 Italian plants collected by Strobl : purchased.

300 European algae collected by A. Le Jolis : purchased.

177 plants from the Argentine Republic collected by Hierony-
mus : purchased.

151 plants from Dzungaria collected by Schrenk : purchased.

144 ferns from Madagascar collected by G. Shaw : purchased.

800 Sicilian plants collected by Lojacono : purchased at
intervals between 1880 and 1888.

1881.

1,027 South African plants collected and presented by Harry
Bolus, Esq. ; in 1896, 70 plants were presented.

British, European and other plants presented by A. Bennett,
Esq. Similar contributions have been made by Mr. Bennett at
intervals up to the present time.

34 specimens from the Botanic Gardens, Saharanpur : pre-
sented by J. F. Duthie, Esq.; in 1882, 187 Himalayan plants

108 Botany.

were presented ; in 1884, 590 Indian plants were acquired by
exchange; in 1885, 350 ; in 1886, 276 ; in 1887, 14 cryptogams ;
in 1888, 301 plants; in 1889, 349 plants were presented; in
1891, 120; in 1895, 641 flowering plants and 98 cryptogams
from Kashmir ; in 1896, 352 from Kashmir and 100 from Pamir ;
in 1897, 150 North-West Indian cryptogams ; in 1898, 735 plants ;
in 1899, 95; in 1900, 291 cryptogams.

A collection of Japanese woods was presented by J. Bisset,
Esq. ; in 1882, an extensive plant collection was presented ; in
1889, 109 cryptogams.

52 plants from Sussex, collected and presented by F. C. S.
Roper, Esq. ; and 80 in 1882.

345 British plants collected ..by G. C. Druce, Esq., were pre-
sented by him between the years 1881 and 1902.

1,554 North American flowering plants collected by A. H.
Curtiss: purchased from 1881 to 1887; and 136 algae: pur-
chased, 1896-98.

1882.

461 British plants presented by the Rev. W. H. Painter ;
others presented in 1883, 1884, and 1894, amounting in all to
1,730.

392 British plants from C. Bailey, Esq.; in 1883, 116; in
1884, 97 : presented.

1,962 Mexican plants collected by C. C. Parry and G. Vasey :
purchased.

A collection of 1,155 preparations of Diatoms, made by
Rev. E. O'Meara, was purchased.

500 European Cryptogamia collected by P. Sintenis : purchased.

475 plants from Arizona, etc., collected by J. G. Lemmon :
purchased : in 1884, 605 plants were purchased : in 1886, 204.

300 plants from Washington Territory, collected by W. A.
Suksdorf : purchased; in 1883, 219 plants were purchased; in
1884, 155; in 1886, 208 plants from Colorado.

200 algae from Mauritius collected by Robillarcl : purchased.

550 microscope-preparations of Belgian diatoms, forming
ser. 1-22 of Van Heurck's " Types du Synopsis des Diatomees " :
purchased at intervals between the years 1882 and 1885.

1883.

538 American plants presented by F. C. S. Roper, Esq.
373 plants from Socotra, collected and presented by Prof.
Bayley Balfour.

Botany. 109

27 Australian orchids presented by R. D. Fitzgerald, Esq. ;
in 1885, 8, and in 1891, 200 orchids were acquired by presenta-
tion and exchange. '

228 Chinese plants collected by Dr. Bretschneider : acquired
by exchange.

83 species of North American plants : acquired by exchange
from Prof. Asa Gray; in 1884, 55 plants were acquired; in
1886, 14 were presented.

830 Caucasian plants collected by Brotherus : purchased.

700 plants from New Zealand collected by T. Kirk : purchased;
in 1897, 90 plants were presented.

531 plants from Madagascar collected by the Rev. R. Baron :
purchased ; in 1884, 227 plants were purchased; in 1886, 379 ;
in 1887, 124 ; in 1894, 196.

497 algse from Morocco collected by Schousboe : pur-
chased.

The Rev. Hugh Davies's herbarium, containing the type-
specimens of his " Welsh Botanologia " : purchased.

An arranged collection of British mosses made by the Rev.
H. H. Wood : purchased.

450 plants from Madagascar collected by the Rev. W. Deans
Cowan : purchased; in 1885, 25 plants : purchased.

368 Calif ornian plants collected by S. B. Parish : purchased ;
in 1897, 110 plants were purchased; in 1898, 100.

340 South African plants collected by Ecklon and Zeyher :
purchased.

250 French mosses collected by Roze and Bescherelle :
purchased.

290 specimens, forming the four fascicles of Carrington and
Pearson's " Hepaticse Britannicse exsiccatae " : purchased between
the years 1883 and 1890.

100 slides of Delogne's " Diatomees de Belgique " : purchased.

250 specimens, forming fasc. 1-10 of E. M. Holmes's "Algae
Britannicse rariores " : purchased between the years 1883 and
1900.

22 orchids and 3 aroids were presented by Messrs. J. Veitch
and Sons ; similar presentations, including 280 orchids and 50
pitcher plants, were subsequently received.

1884.

Robert Pocock's herbarium of Kentish plants, presented by
G. M. Arnold, Esq.

110 Botany.

A large collection of Indian plants, presented by A. P.
Young, Esq.

482 plants and 16 fruits from the United States and Mexico
collected and presented by William Carruthers, Esq.

257 Kirkcudbright plants, collected and presented by F. R.
Coles, Esq. i

253 Australian plants collected and presented by the Rev.
James Lament ; in 1890, 109 were presented ; in 1891, 96

112 plants from St. Helena collected and presented by F. E.
Grant, Esq.

110 plants from Shetland and Orkney collected and presented
by Rev. W. E. Smith.

193 British plants collected and presented by W. H. Beeby,
Esq., between 1884 and 1891.

The British herbarium and cryptogamic collection formed by
Dr. J. F. Young were transferred from Kew Herbarium, together
with the Botanical Record Club's collections of British plants ;
in 1885 and 1887, further instalments were presented by the
club.

952 South African plants collected by J. Medley Wood ; in
1885, 128 were acquired; in 1886, 138; in 1888, 89; in 1889,
66 ; in 1890, 111 ; in 1892, 117 ; in 1894, 116 ; in 1895, 113 ; in
1897, 158; in 1898, 95; in 1900, 138 ; in 1901, 118.

121 specimens of A. Engler's "Aracese exsiccatse": acquired
by exchange; the following year, 100 specimens were acquired.

The extensive collection of Roses formed by Alfred Deseglise,
containing his type species and the materials on which his
numerous monographs were based : purchased.

An arranged collection of about 7000 algae and 372 slides of
diatoms, formed by G. Dickie : purchased.

2,745 North American phanerogams and 164 cryptogams,
collected by Marcus E. Jones : purchased ; in 1887, 696 phane-
rogams and 28 cryptogams were purchased; in 1896, 1,146
phanerogams and 112 cryptogams; in 1898, 1,519 phanerogams
and 141 cryptogams.

976 plants from Asia Minor, collected by P. Sintenis : pur-
chased; in 1892, 362 Turkish plants were purchased; in 1893,
"Iter orientale"; in 1895, 300 plants from Asia Minor; in
1896, 239 from Armenia; in 1899, 1,585 from Porto Rico; in
1900, 1,011 ; in 1902, "Iter transcaspico-persicum," cent. 1-4.

4,900 specimens, forming centuries 1-49 of Sydow's "Myco-

Botany. Ill

theca Marchica " : purchased at intervals within the years
1884-99.

483 Mexican plants collected by Schaffiier : purchased.

421 plants from Borneo collected by Grabowski : purchased.

Four centuries of Peter's " Hieracia Nsegeliana " : purchased,
1885, 1886.

289 Mexican plants collected by Kerber : purchased ; the
following year, 400 plants were purchased.

1885.

617 South African plants presented by the Rev. W. Moyle
Rogers.

G. Maw, Esq., presented his collection of Crocus, consisting
of 416 species, illustrating his monograph of the genus.

315 plants collected by E. F. im Thurn during the expedition
to Rorairna, British Guiana : presented.

313 plants from Morocco presented by John Ball, Esq.

299 Tropical African plants collected by Sir H. H. Johnston :
presented; in 1887, 109 plants were presented ; in 1893, 54.

210 British fruits and seeds collected and presented by
Clement Reid, Esq. ; from 1890 to 1902, 183 were presented.

116 Indian plants collected and presented by J. S. Gamble,
Esq. ; in 1887, 747 plants were presented.

28 Italian plants collected and presented by H. Groves, Esq. :
in 1887, 511 plants were purchased.'

10 orchids grown in the Botanic Gardens, Dublin, were pre-
sented by F. W. Moore, Esq. ; in 1687, 59 were presented ; and
over 100 since.

1,072 plants from Japan, China, and Manchuria, collected by
Maximowicz, and 663 Turkestan plants collected by Regel, were
acquired by exchange from the Imperial Botanic Gardens, St.
Petersburg; in 1890, 467 plants collected by Maximowicz were
similarly acquired.

593 specimens of Kerner's " Flora exsiccata Austro-Hun-
garica" were acquired by exchange; further instalments were
acquired at various dates.

355 Javanese plants collected by Blume and others : acquired
by exchange.

120 Californian plants collected by E. L. Greene; in 1886,
59 plants were acquired ; in 1895, 185.

2,275 South American plants collected by R. Pearce :
purchased.

112 Botany.

1,162 Arabian plants collected by H. C. Hart.

437 plants from the Comoro Islands collected by L. Humblot :
purchased; in 1887, 159 were purchased.

200 specimens from MacOwan and Bolus' " Herbarium
Normale Austro-Af ricanum " ; in 1887, 200; in 1888, 300; in
1889, 211 ; in 1891, 100; in 1892, 100; in 1893, 200; in 1896,
135 ; in 1898, 73; in 1899, 200.

315 Australasian algae collected by Harvey : purchased ; in
1900, 67 algae were acquired by exchange with Trinity College,
Dublin.

165 specimens of Austin's " Hepaticse Americanae": pur-
chased; in 1893, 45 specimens were acquired by exchange.

160 East Friesland cryptogams, chiefly mosses, prepared
by Eiben : purchased, 1870, 1885.

154 East Tropical African plants collected by the Rev. W. E.
Taylor: purchased; in 1886, 929 plants were purchased; in
1887, 1,459 ; in 1888, 670.

144 South African Iridae from Zeyher and Pappe's collection :
purchased.

129 Bedfordshire mosses collected by J. Saunders : purchased.

135 specimens, forming lief. 1-6 of Herpell's " Sammlung
praparirten Hutpilze " : purchased between the years 1885 and
1892.

230 species, forming fasc. 1-5 of Farlow, Anderson and
Eaton's " Algae exsiccatae Americae Borealis " : purchased between
the years 1885 and 1889.

1886.

An arranged collection of about 40,000 British and foreign
fungi, containing many type species : bequeathed by C. E.
Broome, Esq.

1,323 Australian plants, with several fruits, gums, etc., col-
lected and presented by the Rev. T. S. Lea ; the following year,.
54 Australian and 125 Hawaiian plants were presented.

209 Japanese plants collected and presented by C. Maries, Esq.

191 plants from Uruguay presented by J. C. Mansel-Pleydell,
Esq.

186 ferns from Perak collected by the Rev. B. Scortechini :
presented ; the following year, 49 species of Loranthus and Ficus
were presented.

156 plants from Manitoba collected and presented by R.
Miller Christy, Esq.

Botany. 113

74 Indian plants collected by G. "Watt : presented ; the fol-
lowing year, 174 gatherings of Arctic diatoms and 56 Indian
algae were presented.

523 Australian algse collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, and
presented from time to time, 1886-93.

Plants from Western America and the Pacific Islands col-
lected by Archibald Menzies, with the herbarium formed by
Zier : acquired by exchange.

188 specimens of Ficus, 26 of Pedicularis, and 21 of Primula
were acquired, by presentation and exchange, from Sir G. King
and Major D. Prain, successive directors of the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Calcutta; in 1887, 86 Indian and Malayan plants; in

1888, 447; in 1889, 415; in 1890, 375; in 1891, 613; in 1892,
338 ; in 1893, 537; in 1894, 670; in 1895, 748; in 1896, 453 ;
in 1897, 798; in 1898, 824; in 1899, 161; in 1900, 513; in
1901, 380; in 1902, 250.

29 Canadian fruits collected by Profs. John and James M.
Macoun; in 1887, 1,427 North American plants; in 1888, 294 ;
in 1889, 234; in 1891, 1,122; in 1893, 207; in 1894, 534; in
1895, 101 ; in 1896, 333; in 1897, 75.

2,051 mosses and hepatics, chiefly species described by Dr.
S. O. Lindberg : purchased.

1,347 plants from the Himalayas and Tibet, collected by the
brothers Schlagintweit : purchased; in 1900, 703 plants were
purchased.

1,300 specimens, forming thirteen centuries of Mougeot,
Dupray, and Roumeguere's " Algues de la France," together with
three supplementary centuries of " Reliquiae Brebissonianae " :
purchased between the years 1886 and 1892.

450 "Bryaceae Scandinaviae exsiccatse," in 15 fascicles, by
Hartman : purchased.

447 Californian plants collected by C. R. Orcutt : purchased ;
the following year, 400 plants were purchased.

424 Mexican plants collected by C. G. Pringle : purchased ; in

1889, 158 were purchased : in 1890, 358 ; in 1893, 534; in 1894,
255; in 1895, 429; in 1896, 225; in 1897, 300; in 1898, 160;
in 1899, 160; in 1900, 260 ; in 1901, 190.

362 Grecian plants collected by Orphanides : purchased ; in
1887, 360 were purchased ; in 1890, 320.

215 plants from New Mexico collected by E. Palmer: pur-
chased; in 1887, 683 Mexican plants were purchased; in 1888,
453 Californian; in 1889, 160 were presented; in 1893, 29
VOL. i. I

114 Botany.

Mexican Malvaceae were presented ; in 1895, 302 Mexican plants
were purchased; in 1896, 280 plants and 22 fruits; in 1898, 680
plants ; in 1899, 423.

197 plants from the Pacific Coast collected by T. Howell :
purchased.

750 specimens, forming fasc. 1-15 of Hauck and Richter's
" Phykotheka universalis " : purchased between the years 1886—
1896.

200 specimens, forming fasc. 1-4 of De Toni and Levi-
Morenos' "Phycotheca Italica": purchased between the years
1886 and 1892.

Wittrock's "Erythrseae exsiccatse" (fasc. 1, 2) : purchased; in
1890, fasc. 3, 4 were purchased.

1887.

750 plants from Pernambuco, collected and presented by the
Rev. T. S. Lea, Messrs. H. N. Ridley, and G. A. Ramage, and
200 plants from Fernando de Noronha collected by Mr. Ridley
and presented by the Royal Society.

160 plants from Demerara and 86 from British Guiana, col-
lected and presented by G. S. Jennian, Esq. : in 1890, 367 plants
from British Guiana were presented.

294 British plants presented by the Rev. T. A. Preston.

101 Jamaican plants collected by W. Fawcett, Esq., and
acquired by exchange; in 1888—1893, collections of fruits and
seeds were presented; in 1889, 129 plants; in 1896, 84 crypto-
gams; in 1897, 191 plants; in 1898, 52 ferns; in 1899, 167
plants; in 1900, 85 ferns; in 1901, 100 plants.

198 Portuguese plants acquired by exchange.

The British herbaria of Thomas Moore and Thomas Knowlton,
and Rev. Kirby Trimmer's herbarium of British mints, received
from the Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.

The herbarium of Dr. H. F. Hance, containing the types of
the Chinese plants described by him : purchased.

Maze's marine algae of Guadeloupe, 1,509 specimens: pur-
chased.

642 plants from Malasia and Abyssinia collected by O.
Beccari : purchased.

580 Central and South American plants collected by F.
Lehmann : purchased; in 1888, 806 plants were purchased; in
1890, 1,975.

Botany. 115

289 Galitzian plants collected by B. Block! : purchased ; in
1888, 240 Polish plants were purchased ; in 1894, 96 Galitzian.

176 plants from Nyasa-land collected by W. Bellingham :
purchased.

1888.

819 plants from the Eastern Archipelago, collected by T.
Lobb and presented by H. J. Yeitch, Esq. ; in 1894, 400 plants,
chiefly ferns and pitcher-plants from Borneo, were purchased.

530 plants from Africa and Syria, collected and presented by
Dr. Schweinfurth ; in 1890, 179 Arabian plants were acquired
by exchange.

440 South African plants collected and presented by G. F.
Scott Elliott, Esq. ; in 1889, 67 cryptogams from Madagascar; in

1890, 118 plants; in 1892, 456 North African plants and 246
from Sierra Leone; in 1893, 1,158 from Sierra Leone; in 1895,
a, collection from Ruwenzori.

305 plants, with 95 woods and 25 fruits, etc., from the
Bahamas, collected by Baron Eggers and presented by a joint
committee of the Royal Society and the British Association ; in
1900, 268 plants from St. Domingo were purchased.

245 European fungi, chiefly British, presented by \V. W.
Strickland, Esq.

161 Cyrenian" plants collected and presented by W. Barbey,
Esq.

145 plants from St. Thomas, West Africa, presented by Prof.
Henriques.

68 British plants collected and presented by the Rev. E. S.
Marshall; in 1889, 254 plants were presented ; in 1890, 209 ; in

1891, 306; in 1892, 261 ; in 1893, 390; in 1895, 431 ; in 1896,
342 ; in 1898, 348; in 1899, 247 ; in 1900, 203 ; in 1901, 352;
in 1902, 280.

807 South American plants collected by H. H. Rusby :
purchased: in 1893, 29 cryptogams were purchased: in 1895,
251 plants; in 1896, 377.

A collection of plants from Nyasa, made by John Buchanan :
purchased: in 1893, 690 plants and 52 woods, etc.: purchased;
in 1896, 435 plants.

650 slides of Diatomacese, prepared by H. L. Smith, and 144
by Norman : purchased.

172 Brazilian plants, with specimens of fruits, woods, etc.,
collected by G. A. Ramage : purchased ; in 1 889, 398 plants from

116 Botany.

Dominica were presented by a joint committee of the Royal
Society and the British Association; in 1890, 87.

Hough's sections of American woods : purchased ; 1887-1902.

1,390 herbarium specimens and 690 microscope preparations
of British algae, prepared by T. H. Buffham : purchased at various
dates between the years 1888-96.

33 fascicles of P. Sydows' "Uredineen," containing 1,650
specimens : purchased at various times since 1888.

1889.

A herbarium of 2,383 lichens, formed and presented by
Horatio Piggot, Esq., including Dr. Deakin's collection; in 1890,
53 British fungi were presented.

455 Australian algae collected and presented by G. Clifton,
Esq., R.N. ; the following year, 110 algae were presented.

228 cryptogams presented by J. D. Llewellyn, Esq.

213 Malaysian plants collected and presented by H. N.
Ridley, Esq. ; in 1890, 629 plants were presented ; in 1891, 758 ;
in 1893, 4,096 ; in 1894, 1,877 ; in 1895, 14 fruits, etc. ; in 1896,
841 plants and 345 woods; in 1898, 180 plants; in 1899, 79; in
1901, 70 plants and 86 woods, etc.

52 slides of Indian fungi, prepared and presented by Surg.-
Major A. Barclay; in 1890, 30 slides were presented; in 1892,
505 slides and a large collection of herbarium specimens were
purchased.

35 algae from Madras collected and presented by E. Thurston,
Esq. ; in 1902, 102 marine phanerogams and algae were presented.

A series of algae from the Baltic, collected by Prof. Reinke,
was acquired by exchange.

4,429 microscope preparations, chiefly of cryptogams, made by
Prof, de Bary : purchased.

2,928 species, being the plants of Haussknecht's "Iter
Graecum " : purchased.

A collection of ferns from Assam, made by C. W. Hope :
purchased.

A small collection of plants from Kina Balu, North Borneo,
formed by J. Whitehead : purchased; in 1897, 152 plants from
the Philippines were presented.

390 plants from Spain and Portugal, collected by Rev. R. P.
Murray : purchased ; in 1898, 400 plants from the Canary
Islands were purchased ; in 1900, 139 plants were presented.

Botany. 117

208 Mexican plants collected by W. Schumann : purchased.

121 preparations of fossil plants from Sir J. D. Hooker :
purchased.

100 plants from Stanley Falls, Congo, collected by F. Hens:
purchased.

Briosi and Cavara's "I Funghi Parassiti " : purchased, 1888-
1900.

1890.

The herbarium formed by Dr. R. McCormick, R.N., and
containing plants collected during Parry's Arctic Expedition,
1827, Ross's Voyage of the Erebus and Terror, and the Expedition
in search of Franklin : bequeathed.

3,137 microscope-slides of cryptogams, being the collection of
John Ralfs, Esq. : presented by his son; in 1892, his crypto-
gamic herbarium of 1,968 specimens : purchased.

The herbarium of G. M. Ferro : presented by the Director,
Royal Gardens, Kew.

221 Cape algae collected and presented by L. A. Boodle, Esq.

130 plants from the Andes collected and presented by E.
Whymper, Esq.

452 plants from the Sandwich Islands collected by Hillebrand :
acquired by exchange.

603 Bolivian plants collected by M. Bang : purchased ; in
1892, 510 plants were purchased ; in 1893, 452.

469 plants from Asia Minor collected by J. Bornmiiller :
purchased; in 1891, 317 Anatolian plants were purchased;
in 1894, 315; in 1895, 208 Persian plants; in 1896, 442; in
1897, 279.

Three fasciculi of Dahlstedt's " Hieracia exsiccata " : pur-
chased ; the following year, fasc. 4 was purchased.

243 Malayan plants collected by C. Curtis : purchased ; in
1891, 200 were presented ; in 1894, 133.

194 plants from Honduras collected by Rev. J. Robertson:
purchased.

155 cryptogams from Tonkin collected by Balansa: purchased.
113 plants from Natal collected by Mrs. C. S. Clarke:
purchased.

1891.

420 plants from Gwalior collected and presented by C.
Maries, Esq.

118 Botany.

160 ferns from St. Vincent collected by H. H. and G. \V.
Smith : presented by a joint committee of the Royal Society and
the British Association ; in 1892, 190 plants were presented ; in

1893, 295.

A collection of ferns from Grenada made by R. V. Sherring
was presented by the same committee.

60 algae, being the types of Bornet and Flahault's " Revision
des Nostocacees " : presented by Prof. Flahault.

23 Cape cryptogams collected and presented by W. Tyson,
Esq.; in 1892, 69 cryptogams were presented; in 1893, 166; in

1894, 57 ; in 1895, 63 ; in 1896, 23.

The cryptogamic herbarium formed by H. W. Ravenel and
consisting of 1,950 mosses and hepatics, 4,500 lichens, 1,100 algae
and 7,000 fungi : purchased.

Herbarium of 4,490 species of plants from New Granada,
formed by Jose Triana : purchased.

2,706 West Chinese plants collected by Dr. A. Henry : pur-
chased; in 1895, 384 Formosan plants were purchased.

1,350 North Chilian plants collected by August Borchers :
purchased.

601 plants from Szechuen and the Tibetan frontier, collected
by A. E. Pratt: purchased; in the following year, 170 plants
were purchased.

1,700 species, forming thirty -four fasciculi of Krieger's " Fungi
Saxonici" : purchased from time to time since 1891.

300 British fungi collected by G. Massee : purchased.

201 plants from Madagascar collected by J. Cloisel : pur-
chased.

189 plants from Paraguay collected by T. Morong : purchased ;
in 1892, 340 plants were purchased; in 1894, 79 plants and 3
fruits.

100 mosses, forming first century of Tile's " Bryotheca Bra-
siliensis": purchased; in 1895, cent. 2 was purchased; in 1899,
445 Brazilian cryptogams.

1892.

George Davies's herbaiium of about 20,000 British and exotic
cryptogams presented.

199 North American cryptogams presented by Prof. Farlow ;
in 1895, 59 lichens were presented.

234 characese from Alex. Braun's herbarium were acquired
by exchange.

Botany. 1 1 9

100 Appalachian mosses collected by Austin : acquired by
exchange.

565 specimens forming Wainio's " Lichenes Brasilienses
exsiccati " : purchased.

348 Dahurian plants collected by F. Karo : purchased.

590 specimens, forming eleven fasciculi of Seymour and
Earle's " Economic Fungi," with supplement : purchased at
intervals between the years 1892 and 1900.

150 preparations of " Champignons de France " by Tempere
and Dutertre : purchased ; the following year, 100 more were
purchased.

250 specimens, forming five pugilli of Cavara's " Fungi Longo-
bardiie exsiccati" : purchased between 1892 and 1896.

30 species, forming fasc. 1 of H. and J. Groves's " Characese
Britannicse " : purchased; in 1900, fasc. 2 was purchased.

Revs. E. F. and "W. B. Linton's fascicles of " British Rubi " :
purchased 1892-97; similar sets of Willows and Hieracia were
purchased between 1895 and 1901.

150 specimens of Migula, Sydow and Wahlstedt's " Characese
exsiccate," 6 fascicles : purchased between 1892 and 1901.

1893.

The collection of Diatomacese made by Mr. Julien Deby :
purchased.

Edward Jenner's herbarium of algae, containing over 6,000
specimens : purchased.

1,097 cellular plants collected by W. R. Elliott in Dominica
and St. Vincent were presented by a joint committee of the
Royal Society and the British Association.

A collection of plants from East Equatorial Africa made and
presented by Dr. J. W. Gregory.

472 plants from Borneo, collected by G. Haviland ; in 1894,
261 ; in 1895, 200 ; in 1896 (with C. Hose), 108.

220 plants from Milanji, Nyasa, collected by A. Whyte, Esq.,
and presented by Sir H. H. Johnston.

138 West Australian and 72 Corean plants, collected and
presented by J. H. Veitch, Esq.

133 plants from Uruguay collected by O. V. Aplin, Esq.
99 South African plants collected by Rudolf Schlechter:
acquired by exchange ; in 1894, 101 plants were purchased; in
1895, 96; in 1897, 1,010; in 1898, 1,120; in 1899, 540; in
1901, 445.

120 Botany.

299 West Australian plants collected by J. A. Brewer : pur-
chased.

235 cryptogams from the Cameroons, collected by Dusen :
purchased.

231 specimens, forming nine fasciculi of Husnot's " Hepaticte
Gallise " : purchased in 1893 and 1901.

350 specimens Renauld and Cardot's " Musci Americae septen-
trionalis" in 7 fascicles: purchased at intervals between 1893
and 1901.

699 mosses, 597 lichens and 166 fungi, from Labrador and
Newfoundland, collected by Rev. A. C. Waghorne : purchased
at various times, 1893-99.

1894.

Herbarium of 883 specimens of British fresh-water algse,
formed by Dr. A. H. Hassall : presented.

233 slides of Mycetozoa prepared and presented by A. Lister,
Esq.; in 1895, 832 slides, 397 herbarium and 112 exhibition
specimens were presented; in 1898, 88 specimens and 28 slides;
in 1901, 22 specimens and 5 slides.

173 plants from Hadramaut, Arabia, collected by W. Lunt :
presented.

94 plants from Kolguev Island, collected and presented by
A. Trevor Battye, Esq.

110 African plants collected by C. Hoist: acquired by ex-
change with the Royal Botanic Museum, Berlin ; the following'
from various collectors were similarly acquired : 298 Tropical
African plants, 46 Japanese and 292 cellular cryptogams ; in
1895, 442 Tropical African plants; in 1896, 928 plants from the
Cameroons and Argentine Republic; in 1897, 384 cryptogams
from Asia, Africa and South America ; in 1900, 916 plants.

108 slides of British Hepaticse, prepared by Mrs. Tindall : ac-
quired by exchange ; the following year, 159 slides were acquired.

1,100 specimens of plants from Matto Grosso, Brazil, collected
by S. Moore : purchased.

500 specimens of Eriksson's " Fungi parasitici Scandinavici " :
purchased.

161 Oriental plants collected by J. Wagner : purchased.

125 Bulgarian plants collected by Stflbfny : purchased ; in
1895, 118 plants were purchased ; in 1899, 68 ; in 1902, 240.

300 specimens, forming 6 fascicles of P. Sydow's " Ustila-
gineen": purchased at various dates since 1894.

Botany. 121

1895.

246 East Tropical African plants collected and presented by
Dr. Donaldson Smith; in 1900, 210 plants were presented.

213 East African plants collected and presented by F. J.
Jackson, Esq.

Prof. D. H. Campbell presented 146 microscope-slides, illustra-
ting his researches on archegoniate plants.

108 British plants collected and presented by W. A. Shool-
bred, Esq. ; in 1898, 96 plants were presented.

The first portion, consisting of 5,000 specimens of the Stephani
collection of Hepaticse : purchased ; in the following year, the
concluding portion, consisting of 6,920 specimens, was purchased.

1,233 plants and 68 woods from Kilimanjaro collected by W.
Volkens : purchased.

400 species, forming first four centuries of Rehmann and
Woloszczak's "Flora Polonica exsiccata": purchased; centuries
5-9 were acquired later.

348 plants from South Texas and 297 from the Sandwich
Islands collected by A. A. Heller: purchased; in 1896, 249
plants from Hawaii were purchased ; in 1897, 277 from New
Mexico.

300 plants from Coolgardie, West Australia, collected by
S. Moore : purchased.

1,075 specimens, forming twenty-three fasciculi of Collins,
Holden, and Setchell's " Phycotheca Boreali- Americana," with
supplements : purchased at various dates between 1895 and the
present time.

350 specimens, forming seven fasciculi of Jaczewski, Komarov
and Tranzschel's " Fungi Rossiae exsiccati " : purchased between
the years 1895 and 1900.

100 species, forming first two fasciculi of Tiselius' " Potamo-
getones Suecici" : purchased; in 1897, fasc. 3 was purchased.

31 species, forming fasc. 1 of Arthur and Hoi way's " Ure-
dineae exsiccatae " : purchased; in 1899, fasc. 2 (55 sp.) was
purchased ; in 1901, fasc. 3 (28 sp.).

1896.

3,705 specimens of fungi and lichens from Weddell's herbarium
were presented by the Linnean Society.

Collection of Diatomacese, containing 3,582 slides : bequeathed
by F. C. S. Roper, Esq.

122 Botany.

300 plants from British North Borneo collected and pre-
sented by Governor Creagh ; the following year, 162 plants were
presented.

25 plants from Kolguev collected and presented by Col. H. W.
Feilden; in 1898, 302 plants from Novaya Zemlya were pre-
sented ; in 1902, 45 Cape plants.

597 plants from Minnesota collected by Con way Macmillaii :
acquired by exchange.

1,334 plants from Sequoia Region, California, collected by G.
Hansen : purchased; in 1899, 392 plants were purchased.

The Bracebridge Wilson collection of Victorian algae, contain-
ing 1,485 specimens and 140 slides : purchased.

Seventeen centuries of Ellis and Everhart's " Fungi Colum-
bian!," ed. 2 : purchased at intervals since 1896.

588 Chinese plants and 30 fruits collected by Father Hugh :
purchased; in 1898, 970 plants were purchased; in 1899, 844;
in 1900, 735; in 1901, 1,045.

529 plants from Madagascar collected by Dr. C. J. Forsyth-
Major : purchased.

276 plants from French Congo and Gaboon, collected by G. L.
Bates: purchased; the following year, 100 plants were purchased.

200 " Schweizerische Kryptogamen" from Wartmann and
Winter : purchased.

360 specimens, forming nine fasciculi of Johnson's " North of
England Lichen-Herbarium " : purchased between the years 1896
and 1900.

Two centuries of Romell's " Fungi exsiccati praesertim Scandi-
navici " : purchased.

163 species, being Fiedler's " Beitrage zur Mecklenburgischen
Piezflora " : purchased.

100 plants from Lombok collected by A. H. Everett :
purchased.

1897.

433 plants from Somaliland collected and presented by Mrs.
Lort Phillips.

133 Australian plants, mostly types of species described by
the donor — F. M. Bailey, Esq.

100 Tasmanian mosses collected and presented by W. A.
Weymouth, Esq.

92 Scottish fungi collected and presented by D. A. Boyd,
Esq. ; in 1899 and 1900, 20 micro-fungi were presented.

Botany. 123

Collections of Phytoplankton from the Atlantic presented by
Capts. Kudge and Milner, whose collection was subsequently
augmented.

99 Brazilian plants collected by F. Sellow : acquired by
exchange.

1,180 plants from Costa Rica collected by Durand and Pittier :
purchased.

700 plants from Asia Minor collected by W. Siehe : purchased ;
in 1899, 142 plants were purchased.

545 dried orchids and sketches by John Weathers : pur-
chased.

466 plants and 40 woods from the Cameroons collected by G.
Zenker : purchased; in 1898, 362 plants were purchased; in
1899, 340; in 1901, 207 plants and 55 woods; in 1902, 288
plants.

275 " Musci Gallioe," prepared by Husnot : purchased.

320 species, forming thirty -two decades of Cummings, Williams
and Seymour's " North American Lichens " : purchased, 1897—99.

Six centuries of American algfe, prepared by Miss Tilden ;
purchased in 1897, and at subsequent dates.

172 specimens, being Eaton and Faxon's "Sphagna Boreali-
Americana " : purchased.

Howie's " Musci Fifenses" (112 species) : purchased.

100 specimens of Koehne's "Herbarium Dendrologicum " :
purchased; in 1900, 135 specimens were purchased.

Two centuries of Fleischer and Warnstorf's " Bryotheca
Europsea meridionalis " : purchased, 1897, 1898.

200 specimens, forming four fascicles of P. Sydow's " Phyco-
myceten and Protomyceten " : purchased in 1897 and 1902.

100 Shropshire mosses collected by R. de G. Benson, Esq. :
purchased ; in 1898, 157 were purchased.

1898.

627 Cape plants collected and presented by Major A. H.
Wolley Dod ; the following year, 1,239 plants were presented.

591 Rhodesian plants collected and presented by Dr. F.
Rand; in 1902, 280 plants from the Transvaal were presented.

578 mosses and hepatics from Charles Ly ell's herbarium :
presented by Mrs. K. Lyell; the following year, 1,120 specimens,
including Lyell's reference set, were presented by Sir L. Lyell,
Bart.

124 Botany.

346 plants and 14 fruits from Christmas Island, collected by
C. W. Andrews and presented by Sir John Murray.

192 West African plants collected and presented by J. W. H.
Migeod, Esq.

169 plants from Sivas, Asia Minor, collected and presented
by F. R. Maunsell, Esq. ; in 1901, 180 plants from Van, Armenia,
were presented.

92 Siamese plants collected by Dr. Haase and presented by
S. S. Flower, Esq.

70 Tibetan plants collected and presented by A. H. Savage-
Landor, Esq.; in 1902, 34 plants from North Beluchistan were
presented.

Collections of Phytoplankton, from the Atlantic, presented
by Capt. C. S. Tindall; from the Indian Ocean, presented by
Capt. Cowie ; and from the Indian Ocean and China Sea, pre-
sented by Capt. Leigh ; with a large collection of organisms from
the surface and the intermediate depths of the North Atlantic,
made by Messrs. Murray and Blackman.

146 North American plants collected by G. R. Vasey were
acquired by exchange with J. N. Rose, National Herbarium,
Washington, U.S.A.

The herbarium of Emile Bescherelle, containing 18,300 mosses
and hepatics, and many types : purchased.

1,600 South African plants collected by F. Wilms: purchased;
in 1900, 473 plants were purchased.

494 North African plants collected by Sven Murbeck :
purchased.

Twelve centuries of D. Saccardo's " Mycotheca Italica " :
purchased, 1898-1902.

203 Floridan plants collected by G. N. Collins : purchased.

113 East Indian hepatics collected by Schiffner : purchased.

109 North American cryptogams collected by Small: pur-
chased.

108 plants from New Guinea collected by C. Lauterbach :
purchased.

Bauer's " Bryotheca Bohemica," three centuries : purchased
1898-1902.

81 mosses from Tahiti collected by Nadeaud : purchased.

70 slides of British fresh-water algae prepared by W.
West, Jun. : purchased; in 1899, 504 were purchased; in
1900 314.

Botany. 125

1899.

321 plants from Tropical Africa collected and presented by
Lord Delamere.

227 plants from Chinese Turkestan collected and presented
by Capt. H. H. P. Deasy.

188 Arabian plants collected and presented by Dr. A. S. G.
Jayakar.

162 plants from the West Indies, collected by Dr. Gregory
and presented by a joint committee of the Royal Society and the
British Association.

154 Samoan cryptogams collected by the Rev. T. Powell :
presented.

153 microscope-preparations of diatoms from St. Vincent,
West Indies, presented by E. Grove, Esq.

Collections of Phytoplankton, from South Atlantic, presented
by Capt. A. Turbyne ; from North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans,
presented by W. L. Browne, Esq. ; and from the Red Sea, Indian
Ocean, North Pacific, etc., presented by Capt. G. K. Wright,
R.N.R.

Eight centuries of " Kryptogamse Exsiccatse " of the Vienna
Hof museum : acquired by exchange, between the years 1899 and
1902.

120 Himalayan mosses collected by Mrs. Bradford were
acquired by exchange; in 1901, 108 Indian cryptogams were
acquired.

109 lichens collected during the Hassler Expedition, and
106 during the U.S. Exploring Expedition : acquired by
exchange.

7,703 slides of marine algae, mostly Florideae, prepared by Prof.
Schmitz : purchased.

Herbarium of 3,121 British mosses, formed by Rev. H. G.
Jameson : purchased.

648 plants from Colorado collected by Baker, Earle, and
Tracey : purchased ; in 1900, 725 plants were purchased.

500 species, being Linhart's " Fungi Hungarici " : purchased.

338 plants from Sarawak collected by E. Bartlett : pur-
chased.

250 plants from Costa Rica collected by A. Tonduz : pur-
chased; in 1900, 519 plants were purchased; in 1902, 109.

625 specimens, forming twenty-five fasciculi of Vestergren's
" Micromycetes Selecti" : purchased in 1899 and subsequently.

126 Botany.

219 plants from the Cascade Mountains, "Washington, collected
by O. D. Allen : purchased.

200 " Micro-Fungi Britannici," by Vize : purchased.

Reichenbach and Schubert's " Lichenes exsiccati" (125 speci-
mens) : purchased.

Krieger's Schadlicher Pilze unserer Kultur-gewiichse " (100
specimens) : purchased.

Nine fascicles of Kneucker's " Carices exsiccatae " : purchased,
1899-1901.

Delogne and Gra vet's "Hepatiques de 1'Ardenne" (60
specimens) : purchased.

250 specimens of Fleischer's " Musci Archipelagi Indici " :
purchased 1899-1902.

1900.

670 Guatemalan plants collected and presented by Capt. J.
Donnell Smith.

163 Hepaticse from West Scotland collected and presented by
Symers M. Macvicar, Esq.

149 plants from Klondike collected and presented by J. B.
Tyrrell, Esq.

134 Chinese plants collected and presented by W. H. Shockley,
Esq. ; the following year, 179 Siberian plants were presented.

223 North African plants collected by Cosson : acquired by
exchange.

179 plants, chiefly Australian, acquired by exchange with the
Botanic Gardens, Sydney ; the following year, 192 plants were
acquired.

114 plants, chiefly South African, acquired by exchange; in
1902, 143 plants were acquired.

The Fern Herbarium of 2,000 specimens, formed by Sir
Rawson W. Rawson, was purchased.

Ellis and Everhart's " North American Fungi " (3,600 speci-
mens) : purchased.

831 plants from Baram District, Borneo, collected by C.
Hose : purchased : in 1902, 800 plants from Borneo and North
Celebes were purchased.

250 Irish Hepaticae collected by D. McArdle : purchased.

Warnstorf's "EuropaischeTorfmoose"(238 species): purchased.

143 South American hepatics collected by Dusen : purchased;
in 1902, 325 mosses were purchased.

Kneucker's Cyperaceae and Juncaceaa (120 species), and
Grarninese (300 species) : purchased, 1900-1902.

Botany. 127

1901.

171 South African plants presented by Dr. S. Schonland; the
following year, 60 plants were presented.

153 plants from Buenos Ay res collected and presented by
Ernest Gibson, Esq.

104 plants collected by Capt. Parry during his three voyages :
presented by Lord Walsingham.

1,059 Gulf Coast plants collected by S. M. Tracy : purchased ;
the following year, 454 plants were purchased.

822 Georgian plants collected by R. Hai'per : purchased ; the
following year, 365 plants were purchased.

805 plants from Kunene-Zambesi collected by H. Baum :
purchased.

471 West Australian plants collected by E. Pritzel : pur-
chased ; the following year, 544 plants were purchased.

428 Mexican plants collected by E. O. Wooton : purchased.

237 plants from New Mexico, collected by F. S. and E. Earle :
purchased.

180 Siamese plants collected by Zimmerman : purchased.

176 Brazilian cryptogams collected by A. Robert : purchased.

161 specimens of Equisetum f rom Wirtgen's " Pteridophyte
exsiccata " : purchased.

1902.

Mr. Thos. Comber's collection of diatoms, consisting of 2,926
microscope-slides, and a large number of photographic negatives,
and prints : presented by his widow.

413 South African plants collected and presented by Capt.
Barrett- Hamilton.

130 Patagonian plants collected and presented by H. Hesketh
Prichard, Esq.

94 plants from Johannesberg collected and presented by
H. T. Ommanney, Esq.

W. H. Pearson's Herbarium of Hepaticse, containing 9,000
specimens : purchased.

1,029 Tropical African plants collected by T. Kassner :
purchased.

395 " Plantae Amuricae " collected by F. Karo : purchased.

270 West Australian plants collected by L. Webster : purchased.

266 plants from Margarita Island, Venezuela, collected by
O. 0. Miller : purchased.

128 Botany.

218 European cereals prepared by J. Percival : purchased.

200 species of Paulin's "Flora exsiccata Carniolica": pur-
chased.

143 plants from German East Africa collected by W. Busse :
purchased.

105 plants from Vermont collected by W. W. Eggleston:
purchased.

100 plants from Vancouver Island collected by C. O.
Rosendahl and C. J. Brand : purchased.

Botany. 129

3. — ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE MORE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS
TO THE COLLECTION OP PLANTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF
BOTANY.*

Abel (CLARKE). [1780-1826]

Chinese plants in Herb. Banks, " the only part of his herbariurn'that
escaped the wreck of the Alceste," including types of the new species
described by Brown in the " Narrative " of Abel's journey into the interior
of China.

Adair (PATRICK), [fl. 1696]

Plants from the Cape and Johanna Island in Herb. Sloane.

Afzelius (ADAM). [1750-1837]

Plants from Sierra Leone in Herb. Banks, and mosses in Herb. Hampe.

Ahlberg (A.).

1625 species of Scandinavian plants, purchased 1871.

Aitchison (JAMES EDWARD TIERNEY). [1836-98]

422 species collected in the Kurrum Valley, Afghanistan, 1879,
presented 1880 ; 196 species collected in Afghanistan, 1880, presented
1881 ; set of plants collected in Afghan Boundary Expedition, 1884-85,
presented 1887.

Alton (WILLIAM) [1731-93] and his son WILLIAM TOWNSEND

Alton [1766-1849]

Were successively Directors of the Royal Gardens, Kew (1759-1841).
In that capacity they sent to Banks, or to his librarians, Solander and
Dryander, the novelties grown in the Gardens ; these were described by the
two last-named. The novelties were published in the " Hortus Kewensis "
(ed. i, 1789 ; ed. ii, 1810), and the types of these are in the Banksian
Herbarium; the original MS. descriptions are also preserved in the
Department. The younger Aiton also presented in 1839 a collection of
plants formed during the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur to S. America.

Alexander (WILLIAM THOMAS). [1818-72]

Mosses of Chusan, etc. (1845-46), acquired with Herb. Wilson.

Allen (0. D.).

219 plants from the Cascade Mountains, Washington, purchased 1899.

* Only collections amounting to a hundred or more specimens are
included in this list, except in the case of smaller collections of special
interest.

VOL. I. K

130 Botany.

Anderson (ALEXANDER), [d. 1811]

Plants from Demerara (1791) from N. America, and from the St.
Vincent Garden (1785-86), of which he was curator, in Herb. Banks.

Anderson (JOHN), [d. 1847]

Plants from Chiloe (1829-30) with MS. list.

Anderson (WILLIAM), [d. 1778]

Plants collected during Cook's second and third voyages to Australia,
New Caledonia, the Pacific Islands, &c., in Herb. Banks.

Andersson (NILS JOHAN). [1821-80]

Mosses collected in South America, Oceania, &c., during the voyage of
the Eugenie (1851-53), acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Andrews (CHARLES WILLIAM). [1866- ]

278 plants collected on Christmas Island, presented by Sir John
Murray, including types of the novelties described in the monograph on
the island.

Andrews (JOSEPH). \Jl. 1710-57]

His herbarium of British plants, presented by Miss Hemsted.

Anzi (MAKTINO). [1812-83]

" Lichenes exsiccati Italiae (ex herb. Massalongo) ", 360 specimens in
10 fascicles (1855-56) ; " Lichenes rariores Langobardi," 578 specimens
in 14 fascicles (1861-73); "Lichenes Etruriaj rariores," 53 specimens
(1863); "Cladoniaj cisalpinae," 85 forms (1863); "Lichenes rariores
Veneti (ex herb. Massalongo) ", 175 specimens in 4 fascicles (1863) ;
"Lichenes exsiccati minus rari Italias superioris," 400 specimens in
8 fascicles (1865). These were purchased 1871-75.

Aplin (OLIVER VERNON).

133 plants from Uruguay, acquired 1893.

Appun (CARL FERDINAND).

131 plants from Demerara, purchased 1872.

Areschoug (JOHAN ERHARD). [1811-87]

"Alp,ae Scandinavicas," 84 specimens in 3 fascicles (1840, 41); also
Series II, 400 specimens in 8 fascicles (1861-72), purchased 1872-75.

Arnold (FERDINAND CHRISTIAN GUSTAV). [1828-1901]

Lichens from the Tyrol and Bavaria, purchased at various dates from
1874.

Arnott (GEORGE ARNOLD WALKER). [1799-1868]

Mosses from his herbarium, purchased as part of Wilson's herbarium
in 1873 ; 600 microscope-preparations, purchased with the Deby diatoms
in 1893.

Arthur (JOSEPH CHARLES) and EDWARD W. D. Holway.

" Uredinese exsiccataj " of North America, 114 specimens in 3 fascicles,
purchased 1895-1901.

Botany. 131

Atkins (ANNA, Mrs.), [d. 1871]

Herbarium of British plants, presented 1865.

Aublet (JEAN BAPTISTE CHRISTOPHORE FUSEE). [1773-78]

An extensive collection of Guiana plants, including numerous types for
his " Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Francaise," in Herb. Banks.

Aucher-Eloy (PIERRE MARTIN R£>ii). [1792-1838]

1907 plants chiefly from Syria, Persia, and Arabia, purchased 1841 ;
subsequently supplemented by additions from the Shuttleworth collection.

Auerswald (BERNHARD). [1818-70]

Herbarium of 17,000 specimens, chiefly from Central Europe, Spain,
the Ural territory, Mexico, and Labrador, purchased 1871.

Auge (ANDREAS). [/. 1820]

Numerous plants from the Cape in Herb. Banks.

Ayres (PHILIP BURNARD). [d. 1863]

"Mycologia Britanuica," 100 specimens in 2 fascicles (1845), pur-
chased 1861.

Back (Sir GEORGE) [1796-1878] and RICHARD King.

170 North American plants, collected, 1833-35, during the expedition
to the Hudson Bay territory in search of Captain Ross, presented 1836.

Backhouse (JAMES). [1825-90]
Set of British Hieracia, purchased 1863.

Baenitz (CARL GABRIEL).

165 Grammar and 175 Juncacea?, purchased 1870.

Bagnall (JAMES EUSTACE).

89 Warwickshire Rubi, presented 1881, and 20 Staffordshire mosses,
' 1895.

Bailey (CHARLES). [1838- ]

605 British plants, presented 1882-84.

Bailey (FREDERICK MANSON).

141 Australian plants, mostly types of species described by him,
presented 1897-99.

Bailey (LIBERTY HYDE). [1858- ]

78 Carices from North America, obtained by exchange, 1897.

Baker (CARL F.), Earle, F. S., and S. M. Tracy.

1373 plants of Colorado, purchased 1899-1900.

Baker (JOHN GILBERT). [1834- ]
110 British plants, presented, 1887-88.

Balansa (B.). [d. 1892]

1,226 plants from Asia Minor, etc., purchased, 1855-58. 315 phanero-
gams and 593 cryptogams from Paraguay, purchased, 1885.

K 2

132 Botany.

Balbis (GIOVANNI BATTISTA). [1765-1831]

Plants in Herb. Eoemer, acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Balfour (ISAAC BAYLEY). [1853- ]

Collections (phanerogams and cryptogams) made in Rodriguez during
the Transit of Venus expedition, presented by the Royal Society,
1876-78. 373 plants collected in Socotra, 1880.

Ball (JOHN). [1818-89]

313 plants from Morocco, presented 1885.

Bang (MIGUEL).

1,565 Bolivian plants, purchased 1890-93.

Banister (JOHN), [d. 1692 or 1696?]

Two volumes of specimens in the Sloane Herbarium (vols. 91, 92).

Banks (Sir JOSEPH). [1743-1820]
See introductory note.

Barbey (WILLIAM). [1842- ]
161 Cyrenian plants, presented 1888.

Barclay (ARTHUR). [1852-91]

His collection of 505 microscope-preparations and numerous specimens
of Uredineaj and other micro-fungi illustrating his memoirs, purchased
1892.

Barclay (GEORGE).

Collections made during the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur, 1836-41 in
New Guinea, Peru, Mexico, Brazil, etc., presented by W. T. Aiton, 1839,
and by the Lords of the Admiralty, 1896.

Barham (HENRY), [d. 1726]
West Indian plants in Herb. Sloane.

Baron (RICHARD). [1847- ]

1,457 plants from Madagascar, purchased 1883-92.

Barrett-Hamilton (Lieut. GERALD EDWIN HAMILTON).
413 plants from South Africa, presented 1902.

Bartlett (EDWARD).

338 plants from Borneo, purchased 1899.

Bartling (FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB) [1798-1875] and GEORG ERNST
LUDWIG Hampe.

A set of their cryptogams, chiefly from the Harz Mountains, acquired
with Herb. Shuttleworth in 1877.

Bartram (JOHN). [1699-1777]

A large number of specimens from Georgia and Carolina (1765-66) in
the Banksian Herbarium, which also contains a few from Carolina from

Botany. 133

his son, WILLIAM BABTBAM (1739-1823): specimens in the Sloane
Herbarium (vols. 332, 334).

Bates (G. L.).

376 plants from French Congo and Gaboon, purchased 1896-97.

Batters (EDWARD ARTHUR LIONEL).

40 specimens and 35 microscope-preparations of British marine alga),
presented 1890-92.

Baxter (WILLIAM), [fl. 1830]

South Australian plants acquired with Herb. Brown.

Baudin (NICOLAS). [1750-1803]

Specimens from Australia in Herb. Banks.

Bauer (ERNST).

"Bryotheca Bohemica," 300 specimens, purchased 1898-1902.

Baum (H.).

805 plants from Kunene-Zambesi, purchased 1901.

Baxter (WILLIAM). [1787-1871]

" Stirpes cryptogamicai Oxonienses," 100 specimens in 2 fascicles
(1825-28), purchased 1862, 1873.

Beaufort (Duchess of),

See SOMEBSET.

Beccari (ODOARDO). [1843- ]

642 plants from Abyssinia and Malasia, purchased 1887.

Becker (ALEXANDER). [1818-1901]

Set of plants from Sarepta, purchased.

Beddome (Lieut.-Col. RICHARD HENRY). [1830- ]

Herbarium of Indian plants, containing about 10,000 species, collection
of Indian ferns, among them many types of his " Ferns of British India "
and of his other works, purchased.

Beeby (WILLIAM HADDON). [1849- ]

193 British plants, presented at intervals since 1884.

Bell (WILLIAM M.).

211 species collected in the Survey for the Pacific Railroad between
Fort Wallace, Kansas, and Santa Fe, presented 1869.

Bell ( ).

Plants collected at the Cape in 1727, in Herb. Sloane.

Bellingham (WILLIAM).

176 plants from Nyasa-land, purchased 1887.

Bennett (ARTHUR). [1844- ]

A large number of plants of various countries, especially European and
British, presented at frequent intervals since 1881.

134 Botany.

Bennett (GEORGE). [1804-93]

Specimens of Australian plants, presented at intervals from 1859.

Benson (RICHARD DE GYLPYN). [1856-1904]
257 Shropshire mosses, purchased 1897, 1898.

Berggren (SVEN). [1837- ]

Collection from New Zealand (240 phanerogams and 75 algse), pur-
chased 1879.

Berkeley (MILES JOSEPH). [1803-89]

His " British Fungi," 350 specimens in 4 fascicles (1836-43), purchased
1872 ; numerous authentic specimens acquired with Herb. Broome.

Berlandier (JEAN Louis), [d. 1851]

1300 species of plants from Texas and Mexico, purchased 1838.

Bertero (CARLO GIUSEPPE). [1789-1831]
500 plants from Chili, purchased 1834.

Bertoloni (ANTONIO). [1775-1869]

Plants in Herb. Roemer, acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Bescherelle (EMILE). [1828-1903]

His exotic mosses, about 14,800 specimens, containing the plants
described in his memoirs on the mosses of the French Colonies, etc.,
and authentic specimens from the older French botanists ; also his Euro-
pean and exotic hepatics, a"bout 3,500 specimens, purchased in 1900.

Beyrich (KARL), [d. 1834]

Phanerogams from Georgia and Carolina. Brazilian mosses in Herb.
Hampe.

Billot (PAUL CONSTANT). [1796-1863]

His "Flora exsiccata," a collection chiefly of French and German
critical plants, published at intervals from 1846, and purchased.

Bisset (JAMES).

Extensive collections of Japanese plants (phanerogams and crypto-
gams), presented 1882 and 1889.

Black (ALLAN OSMOND), [d. 1864?]

His herbarium of mosses containing 2,000 specimens, chiefly British,
purchased 1864.

Bladh (PEHR JOHANN).

Sent plants to Banks from Macao and Canton.

Blake (JOHN BRADBY). [1745-73]
Chinese plants in Herb. Banks.

Blanchet (JAQUES SAMUEL). [1807-75]

315 Brazilian plants and 250 woods from Brazil, purchased 1836-38.

Blanco (ANTONIO).

396 plants from the province of Jaen, Spain, purchased 1850.

Botany. 135

Blandow (Om> CHRISTIAN). [1778-1810]

" Musci frondosi," 250 specimens in 5 fascicles, purchased 1875.

Blinkworth (RICHARD), [fl. 1830]

A large collection of plants from Kumaon, presented.

Block! (BRONISLAUS).

625 plants from Galicia and Poland, purchased 1887-94.

Bloxam (ANDREW). [1801-78]

His herbarium of fungi, containing 1,500 British specimens, 500 from

North and South America, and 586 collected in the south of France by

Nylander and by Roussel, was purchased in 1870. Collections of his

lichens, mosses and Rubi were acquired at various dates from 1861 to

1896.

Blytt (AXEL). [1844 ?-98]

Norwegian plants.
Boerhaave (HERMANN). [1668-1738]

His herbarium, consisting largely of plants from the Leyden Garden,
forms part of Herb. JSloane.

Bohler (JOHN). [1796-1872]

"Lichenes Britaunici," 112 specimens in 8 fascicles (1835-37),
purchased 1862.

Boissier (PIERRE EDMOND). [1810-85]

Spanish plants acquired with Herb. Shuttle worth.

Boivin (Louis HYACINTHE). [1808-52]

176 Mascarene plants, purchased 1861 ; mosses acquired with Herb.
Bescherelle.

Bojer (WENZEL). [1800-56]

303 Mascarene plants presented by the Society of Arts and Sciences
of Mauritius, 1847.

See also HILSENBERG.

Bolander (HENRY N.).

500 Californian plants, purchased 1868.
Bolus (HARRY). [1834- ]

1100 South African plants, presented 1881-96.
See also MACOWAN and BOLUS.

Boodle (LEONARD ALFRED). [1865- ]

221 marine algaj from the Cape of Good Hope, presented 1890.
Borchers (AUGUST).

1350 plants from Chili, purchased 1891.
Bornmuller (JOSEF).

1,083 plants from Asia Minor and 929 from Persia, purchased
1890-97.

Botanical Record Club.

Herbarium of British plants transferred from the Herbarium of the Royal
Gardens, Kew, 1884, and later portions, presented by F. A. Lees, Esq.

136 Botany.

Botteri (MATTEO).

1,016 Mexican plants, purchased 1855-57; 516 Dalmatian plants,
purchased 1854, 1867.

Bourgeau (EUGENE). [1813-77]

1,007 plants of the Canary Islands, purchased 1846; 4,113 plants
from the Mediterranean region, purchased at various dates.

Bowdich (THOMAS EDWARD). [1790-1824]

A few plants collected during his mission to Ashantee, 1819.

Bowen (Lieut.).

119 species of Labrador plants, presented 1836.

Bowie (JAMES), [d. 1869]

Collection made with Allan Cunningham in Brazil (1814-17), in
Herb. Banks ; large collection of plants collected at the Cape 1817-23,
presented by W. T. Aiton.

Bowker (JAMES HENRY), [fl. 1853-85]
150 plants from the Cape, purchased 1853.

Bowles (EDWARD AUGUSTUS).

Cultivated specimens of Crocus, etc., presented 1901-3.

Boyd (D. A.).

112 micro-fungi of Ayrshire, presented 1897-1900.

Bradford (MARY, Mrs.).

228 cryptogams from India, acquired in 1899 and 1901.

Braithwaite (ROBERT). [1824- ]
" Sphagnaceaj Britannicae," purchased 1877.

Brass (WILLIAM), [fl. 1790]

Plants from West Coast of Africa in Herb. Banks.

Braun (ALEXANDER). [1805-77]

Cryptogams acquired with the herbaria of Shuttleworth and Hampe.
See RABENHORST.

Brebner (GEORGE).

82 microscope-preparations and 28 specimens of British marine algas,
acquired at various times, 1885-1897.

Bretschneider (EMIL). [d. 1901]

228 Chinese plants collected by him and presented by F. B. Forbes, Esq.

Breutel (JOHANN CHRISTIAN).

322 Muscinea? from S. Africa, purchased 1867-71 ; 380 from Central
America and 305 from Greenland and Labrador, purchased 1871.

Brewer (JAMES ALEXANDER), [fl. 1838-90]
354 plants from Western Australia, acquired 1893.

Breyne (JOHANN PHILIPP). [1680-1764]
Plants from Dantzig in Herb. Sloane.

Botany. 137

Bridges (THOMAS). [1807-65]

533 plants from Bolivia, purchased 1847, and 285 from California,
purchased 1858.

Briggs (THOMAS RICHARD ARCHER). [1836-91]

1602 British plants, chiefly from Devon and Cornwall, presented
1880-91.

British. Herbarium.

For the convenience of British botanists the British plants have, since
1859, been separated from the General Herbarium — an arrangement
adopted since 1859, when the herbaria of Edward Forster, James
Sowerby, and Mrs. Eobinson were combined as the nucleus of the British
collection.

Briosi (GIOVANNI) [1846- ] and FRIDIANO Cavara [1857- ]
" Funghi parassiti delle Piante," 350 specimens in 14 fascicles (1888-
1900), purchased 1889-1900.

Britton (NATHANIEL LORD). [1858- ]

111 plants from North America, acquired by exchange, 1892.

Broome (CHRISTOPHER EDMUND). [1812-86]

His herbarium of fungi, containing about 40,000 specimens, many of
them being the types of species described by him and by Berkeley, and
8 vols. of his correspondence, bequeathed 1886. In this collection were
included sets of specimens published by Cooke, Phillips, Plowright, Vize,
Fuckel, Rabenhorst, Eavenel, Rehm, von Thuemen, Wagner.

Brotherus (A.).

830 plants from the Caucasus, purchased 1883.

Brown (ROBERT). [1773-1858]

Seep. 84.

Browne (SAMUEL), [d. before 1703]

A folio volume of plants (with notes) sent by him from Fort
St. George (Madras) to the East India Company in 1697, and presented
by the Company to the Royal Society ; an account of the collection, by
Petiver, is in Phil. Trans. Other specimens from Browne are in the Sloane
Herbarium.

Bruce (ARTHUR). [1725?-! 805]

Herbarium of British plants, purchased at the Linnean Society's sale,
1863.

Bruhns (ALEXANDER).

185 plants from island of Sviatoi, Caspian Sea, purchased 1871.
Brunner (SAMUEL). [1790-1844]

Plants from Senegambia and Johanna Island, acquired with Herb.
Shuttle worth.

Buchanan (FRANCIS) afterwards Hamilton. [1762-1829]

Collection of Avan plants sent to Banks 1794, with MS. descriptions
and drawings : see Journ. Bot., 1902, 279 ; collection from Chittagong
sent to Banks, 1798; 674 plants from Nepaul, Mysore, and Malabar,

138 Botany.

purchased at Lambert's sale, 1842, including the types of D. Don's " Flora
Nepalensis."

Buchanan (JOHN). [1855-96]

1125 plants from Nyasa-land, presented 1893-96.
Buckley (SAMUEL BOTSFOBD). [1809-84]

375 species of Alabama plants, purchased 1861.
Buddie (ADAM), [d. 1715]

Herbarium of British plants in Herb. Sloane, vols. 114-130: MS.
relating to these in Sloane MSS. 2970-80.

Buffham (THOMAS HUGHES). [1840-96]

1390 specimens and 690 microscope-preparations of British alg*,
purchased at various dates, 1888-96.

Bunbury (Sir CHARLES JAMES Fox). [1809-86]
Plants from South Africa.

Burbidge (FREDERICK WILLIAM). [1847- ]

230 plants from North Borneo, presented by Messrs. Veitch, 1879.

Burke (JOSEPH), [fl. 1839-46]

380 species of South African plants, presented in 1843 by the Earl of
Derby, who employed Burke as a collector.

Busse (WALTER).

143 plants from German East Africa, purchased 1902.

Caley (GEORGE), [d. 1829]

Large collections from Australia and the West Indies.
Campbell (CHARLES WILLIAM, C.M.G.).

80 phanerogams from Eastern Mongolia, presented 1901.
Campbell (DOUGLAS HOUGHTON). [1859- ]

150 microscope-preparations illustrating his memoirs on the structure
and development of mosses and ferns, presented 1895, 1896.

Campbell (W.).

294 plants from Formosa, presented 1876.

Carmichael (DUGALD). [1772-1827]

Mauritius and Bourbon plants, with MS. catalogue.

Carrington (BENJAMIN). [1827-93]

Hepatics and mosses acquired with the herbaria of Wilson and

Carrington (BENJAMIN) and WILLIAM HENRY Pearson.

[1849- ]

"Hepatic* Britannic*," 290 specimens in 4 fascicles (1878-90),
purchased 1883 and after.

Carroll (ISAAC). [1828-80]

His " Lichenes Hibernici," 1 fascicle of 40 specimens, purchased 1859.
3,968 Irish and Scandinavian lichens, and numerous phanerogams

Botany. 139

and cryptogams collected in Ireland, Lapland and Iceland, purchased
1874, 1875.

Carruthers (WILLIAM). [1830- ]

470 species of plants from the United States and Mexico, collected
and presented, 1884.

Caruel (TEODOEO). [1830-98]

100 specimens of Junci, purchased 1887.
Catesby (MARK). [1679 or 1680-1749]

Two volumes of specimens in the Sloane Herbarium ^212, 232).

Cavanilles (ANTONIO JOSE). [1744-1804]

Sent plants to Banks, which are in his herbarium ; a small collection
was purchased at Lambert's sale, 1842.

Cavara (FBIDIANO). [1857- ]

"Fungi Longobardife," 250 specimens in 5 fascicles (1892-96),
purchased.

See also BRIOSI.

Cesati (VINCENZO) [1806-83] and T. Caruel.

" Plants Italia? borealis."

"Challenger" Expedition. [1873-76]

A set of the plants collected, presented by the Eoyal Society.

Chalmers (JAMES).

" Algas Scoticaj," 50 specimens in 1 vol. (1826), purchased 1880.
Chandler (ELIZABETH, Miss). [1818-84]

473 British plants, presented 1875.
Chapman (ALVAK WENTWORTH). [1809-99]

713 species of Florida plants, purchased 1845.

Chauvin (FRANCOIS JOSEPH) [1797-1859] and Roberge.

" Algues de la Normandie," 200 specimens in 8 fascicles (1826-1838),
acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth in 1877.

Chelsea Garden.

( Plants forwarded in annual instalments of fifty to the Royal Society,
in accordance with Sir Hans Sloane's deed of conveyance to the Apothe-
caries' Company, 1722-61.

Chesney (Col. FRANCIS RAWDON). [1789-1872]

99 plants collected in the Euphrates expedition, presented by the
Board of Control 1837; many described in Bertoloni's "Miscellanea
Botanica," pt. i (1842).

Christy (ROBERT MILLER). [1861- ]

156 plants from Manitoba, presented 1886.
Clapperton (HUGH). [1788-1827]

Plants collected by Walter Oudney (1790-1824), Dixon Denham
(1786-1828), and Hugh Clapperton during their expedition to Central
Africa (1822-24), presented to Eobert Brown and bequeathed by him.

140 Botany.

Clarke (CHARLES BARON). [1834- ]

11,155 specimens of Indian plants, presented 1875-1897.

Clarke (C. S., Mrs.).

113 plants from Natal, purchased 1890.

Clarke (JOSEPH).

1,000 plants from Ohio, purchased 1858.

Clarke ( ).

Plants collected in Virginia (1729), Carolina, Antigua, Montserrat
(1734), and Bermuda, in Herb. Sloane.

Claussen ( ).

800 Brazilian plants and 260 woods, purchased 1841.

Clayton (JOHN). [1686 or 16931-1773]

The types of the " Flora Virginica " (1762), acquired by Banks from
Gronovius, the author of the " Flora."

Clemente (SIMON DE ROXAS) and Leblech.

"Plantas de Andalucia, 1803," purchased with Shuttleworth's
herbarium.

Clement! (GIUSEPPE). [1812-73]

130 plants from Mount Olympus, purchased 1852.

Cleve (PEHR TEODOR) [1840- ] and J. D. Mbller.

Their diatoms, 324 microscope-preparations in 6 parts (1877-82),
purchased with the Deby collection in 1893.

Clifford (GEORGE). [1685-1760]

His herbarium, containing the plants described by Linnaeus in the
" Hortus Cliffortianus " (1737) ; bought by Banks in 1791.

Clifton (GEORGE), [ft. 1853-90.]

565 Australian marine algfe, being types quoted in Harvey's
" Phycologia Australica," presented 1889, 1890.

Clifton (WILLIAM), [fl. 1765]

A few plants from Florida in Herb. Banks.

Clinton (G. W.).

Plants of Buffalo, New York.

Cloisel (J.).

201 plants from Madagascar, purchased 1891.

Cocks (JOHN). [1787-1861]

" Algarum fasciculi," 180 British specimens in 18 parts (1855-60),
purchased 1867.

Coles (F. R.).

257 Kirkcudbrightshire plants, presented 1884.

Botany. 141

Collie (ALEXANDER), [d. 1835]

852 plants of Western Australia, presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty 1856.

Collins (FRANK SHIPLEY), ISAAC Holden [1832-1903], and

WILLIAM ALBERT Setchell.

"Phycotheca Boreali-Americana," 1,075 specimens in 23 fascicles
(1895-1902), purchased.

Collins (G. N.).

203 plants from Florida, purchased 1898.

Collinson (PETER). [1694-1768]

Specimens in Herb. Banks from his garden at Mill Hill.

Comber (THOMAS). [1837-1902]

His valuable collection of diatoms, consisting of 2,926 microscope-
slides, 2,225 photographic negatives and lantern-slides, an illustrated
descriptive catalogue in MS., and a quantity of herbarium material,
presented by his widow, 1902.

Commerson (PHILIBERT). [1727-73]

Specimens in Herb. Banks, and others acquired with Herb. Brown.

Cooke (MoRDECAi CUBITT). [1825- ]

" Fungi Britannici exsiccati " (1865-72), 700 specimens, also 850
British and 300 exotic fungi, and 332 preparations for the microscope,
purchased 1864-95. The second edition of his " Fungi Britannici," 600
specimens (1875-77), formed part of C. E. Broome's herbarium.

Cooper (DUNCAN E.).

222 plants from Melbourne, presented 1856.

Cooper (THOMAS).

1,078 plants from South Africa, presented by W. W. Saunders, 1865.

Cosson (ERNEST SAINT-CHARLES). [1819-89]

223 specimens from North Africa, acquired by exchange 1900.

Couch (BENJAMIN).

A collection of 805 specimens of woods, purchased 1840.

Coulter (THOMAS). [1793-1843] !
225 Californian plants, purchased 1869.

Courten (WILLIAM). [1642-1702]
Plants in Herb. Sloane.

Cowan (WILLIAM DEANS).

450 Madagascar plants, purchased 1883.

Creagh (CHARLES VANDELEUR, C.M.G.).
462 plants from Borneo, presented 1895-96.

Croall (ALEXANDER). [1809-85]

600 plants from Braemar, purchased 1858.

142 Botany.

Crombie (JAMES MORRISON). [1833- ]

His "Lichenes Britannici," 200 specimens (1874, 1877), also 2,929
British and exotic lichens, purchased 1870-1900.

Crome (GEORG EKNST WILHELM). [1780-1813]

120 mosses illustrating his " Sammlung Deutscher Laubmoose," 3
parts (1803-6), purchased.

Crueger (HERMANN). [1818-64]

West Indian Muscinea?, acquired with the collections of Hampe and
Stephani.

Ginning (HUGH). [1791-1865]

A selection from his Chilian collections (1827-31), purchased 1834 ;
2,433 plants from the Philippines, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and
•St. Helena, purchased 1841.

Cummings (CLARA EATON), ROBERT S. Williams, and ARTHUR
BLISS Seymour.

"Decades of North American Lichens" (1897-99), 320 specimens,
purchased 1897-99.

Cunningham (ALLAN). [1791-1839]

Collection made with James Bowie in Brazil (1814-17) in Herb. Banks ;
-collection of Australian plants, made 1818-26, presented by William
Townsend Aiton.

Cunningham (DAVID DOUGLAS).

21 microscope-slides and specimens, being the types described in his
paper on Mycoidea parasitica, presented by the Council of the Linnean
Society, 1878.

Cunningham (JAMES), [d. 1709?]

An important collection of Chinese plants made at Amoy, 1698-1703,
including specimens from Chusan, etc. in Herb. Sloane. See Bretschneider,
" European Botanical Discoveries in China," 34-44 and " Early European
Kesearches in China," 36-88.

Curtis (CHARLES).

21 specimens of Dipterocarpea?, presented 1888 ; 243 plants of Penang,
purchased 1890; 333 Malayan plants, presented 1891-94.

Curtiss (ALLEN HIRAM). [1845- ]

His published fascicles of North American flowering plants, purchased
1881-87, containing 1554 specimens; and 136 "Alga? Floridanaj,"
purchased 1896-98.

Cutler (CATHARINE, Miss), [d. 1866]

946 specimens, representing 337 species of British algse, presented
1861.

Dahlstedt (Huoo GUSTAP ADOLF). [1856- ]
400 Hieracia from Scandinavia, purchased 1890-91.

Dale (SAMUEL). [1659-1739]

Plants presented by the Company of Apothecaries, 1862.

Botany* 143

Dalziel (JOHN M.).

80 Chinese plants, presented 1902.

Daniell (WILLIAM FREEMAN). [1818-65]

Small collections from West Africa and Cnina, presented 1817-61.

Davies (GEORGE). [1834-92]

His herbarium of about 20,000 British and exotic mosses, hepatics and
lichens, presented by his widow, 1892.

Davies (HUGH). [1739 M821]

Herbarium of Welsh plants, containing types of his " Welsh Botan-
ology," purchased 1883.

Davy (JOSEPH BURTT). [1870- ]
146 British plants, presented 1891.

Deakin (RICHARD), [d. 1873]

His herbarium of Italian and British lichens, about 1500 specimens,
presented by Horatio Piggot in 1889.

Deasy (Capt. HENRY HUGH PETER).

226 plants from Chinese Turkestan, presented 1899.

De Bary (HEINRICH ANTON). [1831-88]

His collection of 4,429 microscope-preparations, illustrating his memoirs
on plant-anatomy and parasitic diseases, purchased 1889.

Deby (JULIEN MARC). [1826-95]

A collection of 12,541 microscopic-preparations of Diatomacefe,
consisting of a larcre series systematically arranged, a series of spread
slides, the entire collections of Hardman and of Donkin, a series from
Walker Arnott, the sets published by Cleve and Mb'ller, by Tempere and
Peragallo, and others ; also a remarkable series of type slides, purchased
1893.

Delamere (Lord).

321 plants from Tropical Africa, presented 1899.

Delise (DOMINIC FRANCOIS), [d. 1841]

" Lichens de France " (1828), acquired with Herb. Ralfs.

Delogne (CHARLES HENRI).

His "Diatomees de Belgique," 100 microscope slides in 4 fascicles
(1880-81), purchased.

Delogne (C. H.) and Fr. Gravet.

"Hepatiques de 1'Ardenne," 60 specimens in 6 fascicles (1868-70),
purchased 1899.

Denham (DIXON). [1786-1828]
See CLAPPERTON.

Deplanche (EMILE) [1824-75] and EUGENE Vieillard.

256 specimens of New Caledonian plants, purchased 1873.

144 Botany.

De Ponthieu (HENRI).

Plants from the Caribee Islands, 1778, in Herb. Banks.

Deseglise (ALFRED), [d. 1883]

Herbarium Rosarum, a very large collection of critical Roses from
various collectors, containing all the species described in his works,
purchased 1884.

Desmazieres (JEAN BAPTISTE HENRI JOSEPH). [1796-1862]

" Plantes cryptogames de France," 2,200 specimens in 44 fascicles
(1825-51) ; edition ii, 1850 specimens in 37 fascicles (1836-51), acquired
with Shuttleworth's herbarium in 1877 ; edition ii, series ii, 800 speci-
mens in 16 fascicles (1853-60).

De Tabley (Lord). [1835-95]

Numerous contributions to British Herbarium, 1870, etc.

De Toni (GIOVANNI BATTISTA). [1864- ]

" Herbarium Phycologicum," 2 decades (1896), purchased 1898.

De Toni (G. B.) and DAVID Levi-Morenos. [1863- ]
" Phycotheca Italica," 200 specimens in 4 fascicles (1886-89), purchased.

Dick ( ).

" Herbarium Helveticum " — collection of Swiss plants, purchased by
Banks from Dr. Pitcairn in 1775. See Journ. Bot., 1902, 388.

Dickie (GEORGE). [1812-82]

His arranged collection of about 7,000 algaj and 372 diatom slides,
purchased 1883.

Dickson (JAMES). [1738-1822]

" Hortus siccus Britannicus," 1789-93. His collection of mosses and
hepatics, containing the types of his published species, was purchased
from his daughter in 1876.

Dietel (PAUL).

A set of his Uredinea?, purchased with Herb. Barclay in 1892.

Dietrich (AMALIA).

250 plants from Brisbane, purchased 1874.

Dillenius (JOHANN JAKOB). [1687-1747]

Plants from Wales in Herb. Sloane ; mosses in Herb. Banks.

Dombey (JOSEPH). [1742-96]

Specimens of S. American plants in Herb. Banks.

Don (GEORGE). [1764-1814]

" Herbarium Britannicum," 1804, purchased 1875 ; other examples
incorporated in British Herbarium.

Don (GEORGE). [1798-1856]

701 species from West Tropical Africa, including many of the types of
Hooker's " Niger Flora," purchased 1856.

Botany. 145

Donkin (ARTHUR SCOTT), [fl. 1858-73]

486 microscope-preparations, acquired with the Deby collection in
1893.

Doody (SAMUEL). [1656-1706]

Numerous specimens in Herb. Sloane.

Doubleday (EDWARD). [1811-49]

697 North American plants, presented 1843-44.

Douglas (DAVID). [1798-1834]

1,460 plants from North-west America and California, containing many
types published in Hooker's " Flora Boreali Americani," purchased 1856
from the Eoyal Horticultural Society.

Drege (JOHANN FRANZ). [1794-1881]

A set of his S. African collections, acquired with Shuttleworth's
herbarium.

Drouet (HENRI). [1829- ]

Plants from the Azores, acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Druce (GEORGE CLARIDGE). [1860- ]

358 British plants presented at intervals from 1881.

Drummond (JAMES). [1784?-! 863]

3,597 plants of Western Australia, purchased 1843-54; others
acquired with Robert Brown's Herbarium.

Drummond (THOMAS), [d. 1835]

" Musci Americani" collected in North America during the second
Land Expedition (1825-28) of Sir John Franklin, presented by Dr.
Eichardson ; another series — from the Southern States — was purchased in
1842.

Du Bois (CHARLES). [1656-1740]

Sent plants to Petiver and Plukenet, which are in Herb. Sloane.

Durand (PHILIPPE).

Plants collected at Tangier, 1798-1807. See Cosson, "Compendium
Florae Atlanticae," i, 14.

Durand (THEOPHILE) and HENRI F. DE FABREGA Pittier.
1180 plants from Costa Rica, purchased 1897.

Durieu de Maisonneuve (ELLY).

439 plants from Paraguay, purchased 1878.

Durieu de Maisonneuve (MICHEL CHARLES). [1796?-1878]
"Plantae selectae Hispano-Lusitanicae," 1835, acquired with Herb.
Shuttleworth.

Dusen (PER). [1855- ]

235 mosses and hepatics from the Cameroons and 468 from Chile and
Patagonia, purchased at various times, 1893-1902.

VOL. I. L

146 Botany.

Duthie (JOHN FIRMINGEE). [1845- ]

615 plants of Italy, Malta, etc., presented 1872-74 ; 4,140 Indian
flowering plants and 553 cryptogams, acquired at various dates between
1881-1900.

Dyer (WILLIAM TURNER THISELTON) afterwards Sir W. T.

Thiselton-Dyer. [1843- ]

250 critical British plants, presented 1870, and 100 critical British
plants, purchased 1871.

Earle (F. S. and E.).

237 plants from New Mexico, purchased 1901.

Eaton (ALFRED EDWIN).

24 plants from Spitzbergen, presented 1874 ; 139 lichens and algae
from the Cape, presented 1876 ; 129 lichens and algae from Kerguelen's
Land, presented by the Council of the Royal Society.

Eaton (DANIEL CADY) [1834-95], and EDWIN Faxon.

" Sphagna Boreali-Americana," 172 specimens, purchased 1897.

Ecklon (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH) [1795-1868] and KARL LUDWIG

PHILLIPP Zeyher. [1799-1858]

340 South African plants, purchased 1883; specimens from these
collectors were also added from Herb. Shuttleworth and from Herb. N. B.
Ward ; mosses acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Een (T. G.).

Collection of phanerogams from Dammara Land, containing numerous
types described in Journ. Bot., purchased 1879.

Eggers (Baron HENRIK FRANZ ALEXANDER). [1844- ]

305 plants from the Bahamas, collected by him and presented by the
Royal Society, 1888. 206 plants from St. Domingo, purchased 1900.

Eggleston (WILLARD WEBSTER).

105 plants from Vermont, purchased 1902.

Ehrhart (FRIEDRICH). [1742-95]

"Plantae cryptogamae Linnaei," 32 decades (1785-93) ; " Phytophy-
lacium" (8 decades), 1780.

Eiben (C. E.).

" Ostfrieslands Laubmoose," 150 specimens in 3 parts (1866-69),
purchased 1870 and 1885; "Brack- und Salz-wasseralgen," 1 decade
(1870), purchased 1885; " Diatomeen der ostfriesische Inseln und
Kiisten," 10 microscope slides (1870), acquired with Herb. Deby 1893.

Elliott (GEORGE FRANCIS SCOTT). [1862- ]

440 South African plants, presented 1888; 118 Madagascar plants,
presented 1890 ; 456 North African plants, presented 1892 ; 1,399 plants
from Sierra Leone, presented 1892-93 ; collection of plants from
Ruwenzori, presented 1895.

Botany. 147

Elliott (WILLIAM ROBERT).

1,097 cellular cryptogams collected in St. Vincent and Dominica,
presented by the West India Exploration Committee, 1893.

Ellis (Joe BICKNELL) [1829- ] and BENJAMIN MATLOCK

Everhart. [1818- ]

"North American Fungi," 3,600 specimens in centuries (1878-98),
purchased 1900 ; and " Fungi Columbian!," continued by C. L. Shear and
subsequently by Elam Bartholomew, 17 centuries of specimens (1894, etc.),
purchased at intervals since 1896.

Endress ( ).

Plants of Pyrenees collected 1831, acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Engelmann (GEORG). [1809-84]
100 specimens of Juncus, purchased 1886.

Engler (HEINRICH GUSTAV ADOLF). [1844- ]

His " Araceae exsiccatae " ; 3271 plants from Tropical Africa, Sandwich
Islands, Japan, Brazil, etc., acquired by exchange from the Berlin Museum
at various dates from 1884.

" Erbario Crittogamico Italiano."

Series i (1858-64), 1,200 specimens in 24 fascicles; series ii (1864-81),
1,100 specimens in 22 fascicles ; purchased at various times 1861-81.

Eriksson (JAKOB). [1848- ]

" Fungi parasitici Scandinavici," 500 specimens in 10 fascicles
(1882-95), purchased.

Ernst (ADOLF), [d. 1900]

A small collection of plants from Caracas.

Etienne (G.).

" Mousses de la Normandie," 200 specimens in 4 fascicles (1870-74),
purchased.

Eulenstein (THEODOR).

" Diatomacearum species typicae," 100 microscope-preparations (1867),
purchased 1868.

Everett (A. H.).

100 plants from Lombok, purchased 1896.

Fabricius (PHILIPP KONRAD). [1714-74]

Plants from the Helmstadt Garden, of which he was curator, in Herb.
Banks.

Farlow (WILLIAM GILSON). [1844- ]

476 cellular cryptogams from North America, Hawaii, etc., presented
at various times, 1889-1902.

Farlow (W. G.), C. L. Anderson and D. C. Eaton.

" Algae Americae borealis," 230 specimens in 5 fascicles (1877-89),
purchased.

L 2

148 Botany.

Fawcett (WILLIAM). [1851- ]

688 Jamaica phanerogams and 221 cryptogams, presented at intervals
since 1887.

Feilden (Col HENRY WEMYSS). [1838- ]

60 phanerogams from Disco, Greenland, presented 1876; 25 plants
from Kolguev, presented 1896 ; 302 from Novaya Zemlya, presented 1898 ;
45 plants from the Cape, presented 1902.

Feilding (J. B.).

Malayan grasses, presented 1893.

Fellman (N. J.).

400 plants from East Lapland, purchased 1878.

Fendler (AUGUST). [1813-83]

1,729 phanerogams from New Mexico, purchased 1848-57 ; 182 ferns
from Venezuela, purchased 1856 ; 128 ferns from Trinidad, purchased
1878-80; 43 cryptogams from Trinidad, purchased 1880.

Ferguson (WILLIAM). [1820-87]

Set of his Ceylon algae acquired with Herb. Dickie.

Ferro (GIOVANNI MARIA). [1603-73]

Herbarium in three volumes, presented by the Director of Kew
Gardens in 1890. See Journ. Bot., 1890, 278.

Fiedler (CARL FRIEDRICH BERNHARD). [1807-69]

" Musci frondosi," 150 Mecklenburg species in 3 fascicles (1842-43),
purchased ; " Beitrage zur Mecklenburgischen Pilzflora," 163 specimens
in three parts, purchased.

Fielding (E.).

225 plants from Cordova, La Plata, purchased 1872.

Fitzgerald (ROBERT DAVID). [1831 ?-92]
235 Australian orchids, presented 1883-91.

Flahault (CHARLES HENRI MARIE). [1852- ]

60 types illustrating the " Eevision des Nostocacees hete'rocystees " of
Bornet and Flahault, presented 1891.

Fleischer (MAX). [1858- ]

"Musci Archipelagi Indici," 250 specimens in 5 fascicles (1898),
purchased.

Fleischer and Warnstorf.

" Bryotheca Europaea meridionalis," two centuries of mosses (1896,
1897), purchased.

Flbrke (HEINRICH GUSTAV). [1764-1835]

" Deutsche Lichenen," 200 specimens in 10 fascicles (1815-21),
purchased 1875.

Fogg (S. A., Miss).

132 Australian algae, purchased 1877.

Botany. 149

Forbes (FRANCIS BLACKWBLL). [1839- ]
301 Chinese plants, presented 1875.

Forbes (HENRY OGG). [1851- ]

4,654 plants from the Eastern Archipelago, including types of the
species described in his "Naturalist's Wanderings" and elsewhere,
purchased 1879-88.

Forbes (JOHN). [1798-1823]

317 plants from South Africa and Madagascar, purchased 1856.
Forskal (PEHR). [1736-63]

Numerous specimens (types for his " Flora ^Egyptiaco-Arabica ") in
Herb. Banks, and 180 plants acquired with Herb. Nolte, 1875.

Forster (EDWARD). [1765-1849]

Herbarium, principally of British plants, presented by Eobert Brown.

Forster (JOHN EEINHOLD) [1729-98] and GEORGE. [1754-94]
Plants collected during Cook's second voyage (1772-75) presented to
Banks on their return; herbarium of George Forster purchased at
Lambert's sale (1842), described by D. Don as his " entire herbarium,
from which he published his Florula of South Sea plants " ; another set
of G. Forster's plants is in Pallas's Herbarium, purchased at the same
sale. In 1776 Banks bought for £400 all the drawings made during the
voyage.

Forsyth Major (CHARLES IMMANUEL). [1843- ]
439 phanerogams from Madagascar, purchased 1896.

Fortune (ROBERT). [1813-80]

549 specimens of Chinese plants, purchased 1845-62.

Fothergill (JOHN). [1712-80]

Numerous plants in Herb. Banks from his garden at West Ham.
Fourcade (CHARLES). [1826 ?-91]

672 Pyrenean plants, purchased 1864.

Fraser (CHARLES), [d. 1831]

Plants from the north-west interior of Australia, collected 1818.

Fraser (Louis).

352 South American plants, purchased 1860-61.

French (ALFRED). [1839-79]

Herbarium of Oxfordshire plants, purchased 1880.
Fries (ELIAS MAGNUS). [1794-1878]

" Herbarium normale Plantae Scandinavicae," Cent. 1-10, purchased
1875 ; " Scleromyceti Sueciae," 300 fungi in 30 decades (1819-22), pre-
sented by the Council of the Linnean Society, 1896.

Fries (THO'RE MAGNUS). [1832- ]

"Lichenes Scandinaviae," 75 specimens in 3 fascicles (1859-65),
presented by the Council of the Linnean Society, 1896.

150 Botany.

Frivaldsky (!MB£). [1799-1870]

Oriental plants acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Fuckel (KARL WILHELM GOTTLIEB LEOPOLD). [1821-76]

"Fungi Khenani," edition i with 2700 specimens in 27 fascicles
(1863-74), bequeathed with Herb. Broome, 1887, and edition ii with
600 specimens in 6 fascicles (1874), purchased.

Punck (HEINRICH CHRISTIAN). [1771-1839]

" Cryptogamische Gewachse des Fichtelgebirgs," edition i (1800)
incomplete; edition ii, 865 specimens in 42 fascicles (1806-38), purchased
1875.

Punck (NICOLAS) [1816-96] and Louis JOSEPH Sehlim.

Plants from Venezuela acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Gagliardi (G.).

74 hepatics, 313 mosses and 665 lichens from the Simplon Pass,
presented 1863-64.

Gaillard (A.).

90 Venezuelan fungi, purchased 1890.

Gamble (JAMES SYKES).

863 Indian plants, presented 1885-87.

Gandoger (MICHAEL). [1850- ]

984 plants from North Africa, etc., purchased 1880.

Gardiner (WILLIAM). [1808-52]

200 Forfarshire plants and 250 cryptogams, purchased 1850.

Gardner (GEORGE). [1812-49]

Ceylon plants acquired with Herb. Miers; herbarium of Brazilian
plants (5,746 species), containing numerous types described by him and
other botanists, purchased from his executors, 1851.

Garovaglio (SANTO). [1805-82]

"Muschi dell' Austria inferiore," 6 decades of specimens (1836),
purchased 1899.

Gasparrini (GUGLIELMO). [1804-66]

Italian plants acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Gepp (ETHEL SAREL, Mrs.).

196 British marine algae and 111 slides, presented 1892.

Gerard (Gen. PATRICK). [1842- ]

134 plants from the Western Himalaya, presented 1861.

Germain (PHILIP).

702 plants from Chili, purchased 1857-68.

Gerrard (WILLIAM TYRER). [d. 1866]
1600 plants from Zulu-land, purchased 1865.

Botany. 151

Geyer (CHARLES ANDREAS). [1809-53J

600 plants from Illinois, Missouri, and Oregon, purchased 1845.

Ghiesbreght (AUGUST).

384 Mexican plants, purchased 1873.

Gibson (ERNEST).

153 plants from Buenos Ayres, presented 1901.

Gill (WILLIAM JOHN). [1843-82]

A small collection of Chinese plants, presented 1877.

Gillies (JOHN), [d. before 1837]

250 Chilian Compositae, purchased 1863 ; other specimens acquired in
Shuttleworth collection.

Golde and Meinshausen.

811 plants from South Eussia, purchased 1871-75.

Gordon (JAMES) [d, 1780].

Plants from his garden at Mile End (1753-76) in Herb. Banks.

Gottsche (CARL MORITZ). [1808-92]

Many authentic specimens of hepatics described by him, acquired with
Herb. Hampe in 1881.
See KABENHOKST.

Grabowsky (HENRI EMANUEL).

407 plants from Borneo, purchased 1884.

Graeffe (EDUARD).

209 ferns and 30 lichens from Samoa, etc., purchased 1874.

Graells (MARIANO DE LA PAZ). [18181-98]

650 Spanish plants (" Herbarium Castellanum ") purchased 1872.

Gray (ASA). [1818-88]

Specimens of N. American plants, including many types, presented at
various dates.

Gray (EDWARD WHITAKER). [1748-1806]
Plants from Oporto, sent to Banks in 1777.

Gray (MARIA EMMA, Mrs.). [1787-1876]

149 algae from Swanage, presented 1861 ; 201 species, named by
Agardh, presented 1870.

Greene (EDWARD LEE). [1843- ]
364 Californian plants, acquired 1885-95.

Greenstock (W.).

Collection from Natal, purchased 1880.

Gregory (JOHN WALTER). [1864- ]

Collections from East Equatorial Africa, collected by him and pre-
sented 1893 ; plants from Dominica and Antigua, presented 1899.

152 Botany.

Gregory (WILLIAM). [1803-58]

His collection of diatoms, 1,434 slides, purchased 1866.
Greville (ROBERT KAYE). [1794-1866]

5,248 microscope preparations of Diatoms, containing his types, pur-
chased 1866.

Grey (ELIZA LUCY, Mrs.).

340 specimens of South Australian plants, presented 1841, 1845.

Griffith (WILLIAM). [1810-45]

A large collection of Bhotan plants presented by the Hon. East India
Company, 1849-50 ; 431 species of Malacca plants, purchased 1869.

Griffiths (AMELIA W., Mrs.). [1768-1857]

780 specimens, representing 293 species of British sea-weeds, purchased
1852.

Gronovius (JOHANNES FRIDERICUS). [1611-71]

Herbarium containing Clayton's Virginian plants, purchased in 1794
by Sir Joseph Banks from John Earl of Bute, who bought it for £90 in
1778.

Grove (EDMUND).

153 microscope preparations of diatoms from St. Vincent, presented
1899.

Groves (HENRY). [1835-91]

539 Italian plants, presented 1885-87.

Groves (HENRY, [1855- ] and JAMES [1858- ])

" Characeae Britannicae " (60 specimens in 2 fascicles), purchased 1892,
1900; 78 British plants, presented from 1881 to the present time.

Gruner (LEOPOLD).

927 plants from South Russia, purchased 1871.

Gunn (RONALD CAMPBELL). [1808-81]
Tasmanian plants.

Gussone (GIOVANNI). [1787-1866]

Italian plants, acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.
Hackel (EDUARD).

72 specimens of Festuca, presented 1887.

Haenke (THADDJEUS). [1761-1817]

See PHESL.
Hahn (Luowio). [1836-81]

988 plants from Martinique, purchased 1868-70 ; 149 plants from the
Cape, presented 1876 ; mosses acquired with Herb. Bescherelle.

Hall (ELIHU). [1822-82]

633 Oregon plants, purchased 1872 ; 850 Texan plants, purchased 1873.
Hall, Harbour and Parry.

700 plants of the Rocky Mountains, purchased 1864.

Botany. 153

Hamilton.

See BUCHANAN.

Hampe (GEORG ERNST LUDWIG). [1795-1880]

Collection of 4,934 hepatics, purchased 1878 ; moss herbarium of 24,932
specimens, purchased ] 881, each containing numerous types. The mosses
and hepatics of his " Vegetabilia cellularia" were purchased with Herb.
Shuttleworth in 1877.

Hanbury (DANIEL). [1825-75]

Specimens chiefly of economic plants, presented 1853-72.

Hance (HENRY FLETCHER). [1827-86]

Herbarium containing 22,437 specimens, including types of the
Chinese plants described by him, purchased 1887.

Hansen.

13 centuries (1,285 specimens) of plants from Schleswig-Holstein ,
purchased with Herb. Nolte, 1875.

Hansen (GEORGE).

1,596 plants from California, purchased 1896-99.

Hardman (LAWRANCE).

His entire collection of nearly 30,000 select diatoms, typical of all the
most celebrated deposits, and mounted on 1,444 slides, purchased as part
of Deby's collection in 1893.

Hardwicke (THOMAS), [d. 1835]

247jplants from Mauritius, sent to Banks, 1811-12 ; 1,482 specimens
of woods from South Africa and St. Helena, bequeathed 1836.

Harlow (JAMES), [fl. 1660-80]

Plants collected in Jamaica, presented to Sloane by Sir John Rawdon.

Harper (ROLAND MCMILLAN).

1,187 plants from Georgia, purchased 1901-2.
Hart (HENRY CHICHESTER).

1,162 plants from Mount Sinai, etc., collected during the Palestine
Exploring Expedition, acquired 1885.

Hartman (ROBERT WILHELM). [1827-91]

"Bryaceae Scandinaviae," 450 specimens in 15 fascicles (1857-74),
purchased.

Hartweg (CARL THEODOR). [1812-71]

1,833 plants from California, Central and South America, presented
1839-48.

Harvey (WILLIAM HENRY). [1811-66]

Numerous South African and Fiji phanerogams, purchased 1869 ;
1,199 algae from Australia, the Friendly Islands, and Ceylon, acquired at
various dates between 1857 and 1900.

Haslar Hospital.

Collections received from, see p. 92.

154 Botany.

Hassall (ARTHUR HILL). [1817-94]

His herbarium, containing 883 specimens, the types of his work on
the " British Freshwater Algae," presented by his widow, 1894.

Hauck (FERDINAND) [1849-89] and PAUL Richter.

"Phykotheka Universalis," 750 algae in 15 fascicles (1885-96),
purchased.

Haussknecht (H. CARL), [d. 1903]

3,668 plants from Asia Minor and the Caspian region, purchased
1870 ; 2,928 plants from Greece, purchased 1889.

Havers (T.).

82 plants from the Falkland Islands, presented 1874.
Haviland (GEORGE DARBY). [1857- ]

1,031 Bornean plants, received 1893-97.

Hayes (BUTTON), [d. 1863]

1,320 plants from Panama, purchased 1863-64.
Hector (Sir JAMES). [1834- ]

200 New Zealand plants, presented 1876.
Heldreich (THEODOR VON). [1822-1902]

3,220 plants from Greece, purchased at various dates from 1845 to
1897.

Heifers (JOHANN WILHELM). [d. 1840]

Published set of Indian plants (" Fl. Indise Orient.") acquired with
Herb. Shuttleworth.

Hellbom (PEHR JOHAN). [1827-1903]

750 lichens and 250 mosses from Scandinavia, purchased in 1872 and
1891.

Heller (A. ARTHUR). [1867- ]

625 plants from New Mexico and 291 from the Hawaiian Islands,
purchased 1895-97.

Henriques ( JULIO AUGUSTO).

198 specimens of Portuguese plants obtained by exchange, 1887 ; 142
plants from St. Thomas, West Africa, presented 1888.

Hepp (PHILIPP). [d. 1867]

His cryptogamic herbarium containing 2,406 lichens, 778 mosses and
1,640 algae, purchased 1868 ; also his " Flechten Europas," 962 specimens
in 32 fascicles (1853-67), purchased 1874.

Hermann (PAUL). [1640-95]

His herbarium in 4 vols. of Ceylon plants (with a few from the Cape
of Good Hope). It was sent in 1745 by Augustus Gunther, an apothecary
at Copenhagen, to Linnaeus, who based upon it his "Flora Zeylanica";
the specimens are named in Linnaeus's hand. It afterwards came into the
possession of Count Adam Gottlob Moltke, at whose death it was bought
by Prof. Treschow of Copenhagen, who sold it to Sir Joseph Banks for
£75. A full account of its contents will be found in Journ. Linn. Soc.

Botany. 155

(Botany) xxiv, 129-155. A small collection from the Cape and plants
from the Leyden Garden are in Herb. Sloane.

Henry (AUGUSTINE). [1857- ]

3,090 Chinese plants, purchased 1891, 1895.
Herpell (GUSTAV).

" Sammlung praparirter Hutpilze," 135 fungi, in 6 fascicles, 1880-92.

Heudelot.

117 plants from Senegal, purchased 1861.

Hieronymus (GEORG HANS EMO WOLFGANG). [1846- ]
177 plants from Argentina, purchased 1880.

Hildebrandt (JOHANN MARIA). [1847-81]

1,700 plants from Arabia and East Africa, purchased 1873-84 ; 707
plants from Madagascar, purchased 1883-4.

Hill (JOHN). [1716-75]

Collection of British plants incorporated in the British Herbarium.

Hillebrand (WILLIAM). [1821-86]

452 specimens of plants from the Sandwich Islands, acquired by
exchange 1890.

Hilsenberg (CARL THEODOR) [1802-24] and W. Bojer.

Collection of Madagascar plants, purchased 1830 ; 651 Madagascar
plants, purchased 1863, 1873.

Hirase (Y.).

114 marine algae of Japan, presented 1901.

Hobson (EDWARD). [1782-1830]

" British Mosses and Hepaticae," 174 specimens in 2 volumes (1818
and 1822).

Hodgson (ELIZABETH, Miss). [1814-77]

Herbarium of North Lancashire plants as recorded in Journ. Bot.
1874, presented.

Hohenacker (RUDOLPH FRIEDRICH). [1798- ]

650 Caucasian plants, purchased 1846 ; " Algae marinae," 600 speci-
mens in 12 fascicles (1852-62), purchased.

Holl (C. FRIEDRICH), JOHANN KARL Schmidt [1793-1850], and
GUSTAV Kunze [1793-1851]

" Deutschlands Schwaemme," 225 specimens in 9 fascicles (1815-19),
purchased.

Holl (HARVEY BUCHANAN). [1820-86]

295 British lichens, presented 1868 ; also his herbarium of lichens and
mosses, presented 1886.

Holmes (EDWARD MORELL). [1843- ]

"Algae Britannicae rariores," 250 specimens in 10 fascicles (1883-
1900); also 204 cryptogams, acquired 1876-1900.

156 Botany.

Home (Sir EVERARD). [1756-1832]

141 plants from the east coast of China, presented 1843-44 ; 1,286
plants from Australia and the Pacific, presented 1846 and 1853.

Hooker (Sir JOSEPH DALTON). [1817- ]

1,404 species, being all the phaenogamous and great part of the
cryptogamous plants of New Zealand collected during the voyage of the
Erebus and Terror, 1839-43, presented 1845-54.

Hooker (Sir J. D.) and THOMAS Thomson.
6,246 Indian plants, presented 1855-61.

Hope (CHARLES WILLIAM WEBLEY). [1832-1904]
A collection of Assam ferns, presented 1889.

Hoppe (DAVID HEINRICH). [1760-1846]

"Hortus botanicus Ratisbonensis," 3 fascicles (1807-9), and "Fungi
epiphylli," 2 decades (1809-10) ; published set of phanerogams; all
acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Horneman (JENS WILKEN).

Plants from Greenland and Lapland, acquired with Herb. Shuttle-
worth and Herb. Nolle.

Horrell (ERNEST CHARLES). [1870- ]

245 British mosses, mostly Sphagna, purchased 1903.

Horsfield (THOMAS). [1773-1859]

Herbarium of Javanese plants, containing the types of Brown and
Bennett's " Plantae Javanicae Eariores," presented by the Directors of the
Hon. East India Company, 1858.

Hose (CHARLES).

1,631 plants from Borneo and Celebes, purchased 1900-2.

Hostmann (F. W.).

1,168 plants of Surinam, purchased 1842-43.

Houstoun (WILLIAM). [1695-1733]

His herbarium, drawings, and MSS. were bequeathed to Philip Miller,
from whom they were purchased by Banks. Specimens grown by Miller
in Chelsea Garden from seed sent by Houstoun are in Herb. Sloane 146
and 316. The plants were collected by Houstoun in Jamaica, Havana,
Vera Cruz and Campeachy, and are the types of numerous descriptions
in Miller's " Gardeners Dictionary," ed. viii (1768), and of " Reliquiae
Houstounianae " (1781).

Howell (THOMAS). [1842- ]

197 plants from the Pacific coast, purchased 1886.

Howie (CHARLES). [1811-99]

"Musci Fifenses" (c. 1860), 112 specimens, purchased 1897.

Huet de Pavilion (E. and A.).

1,588 specimens from Sicily and the East, purchased 1854-67.

Botany. 157

Hugh (Father).

3,707 plants from Central and Northern China, purchased 1896-1901.

Humblot (LEON).

596 plants from the Comoro Islands, purchased 1885-87.

Hunt (THOMAS CAREW). [d. 1886]

Plants from the Azores, acquired with Herb. Miers.

Hunter (ROBERT). [1824 2-97]

A small collection of Bermudan ferns, presented 1877.

Hurst (HENRY ALEXANDER). [1825 ?-82]

409 plants from Gibraltar and Egypt, presented 1869-81.

Husnot (PIERRE TRANQUILLE). [1840- ]

" Musci Galliae," 900 specimens in 18 fascicles (1870-97) ; " Hepaticae
Galliae," 231 specimens in 9 fascicles (1873-1901); also 106 Glumiferae
and 270 cryptogams of the Antilles, purchased 1873 and subsequently.

Huter (RUPERT).

2,698 European plants (Dalmatia, the Tirol, N. Italy and Spain),
purchased 1867-80.

Jack (JOSEPH BERNHARD) [1818-1901], LUDWIG Leiner

[d. 1901], and ERNST Stizenberger [1827-95]
" Kryptogamen Badens," 1,000 specimens in 21 fascicles (1860-66),
purchased.

Jackson (FREDERICK JOHN).

213 plants from East Africa, presented 1895.

Jacquin (NICOLAUS JOSEPH). [1727-1814]

His herbarium, purchased by Banks and incorporated hi the Banksian
collection.

Jaczewski (ARTHUR DE), WALDIMIR L. Komarov and
WOLDEMAR Tranzschel.

" Fungi Eossiae," 350 specimens in 7 fascicles (1895-99), purchased.

Jameson (HAMPDEN GURNEY). [1852- ]

His herbarium of British mosses containing 3,121 specimens, purchased
1899.

Jameson (WILLIAM). [1796-1873]

2,757 phanerogams and 181 mosses from Columbia and Ecuador,
purchased 1846-69 ; and a set of mosses acquired with Herb. Wilson.

Jan (GEORG). [1791-1866]

" Flora Italiae super.," acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Jayakar (A. S. G.).

188 plants from Arabia, presented 1899.

Jenman (GEORGE SAMUEL). [1845-1902]

630 plants from British Guiana, presented 1887-90.

158 Botany,

Jenner (EDWARD). [1803-72]

Herbarium of freshwater algae, containing 6,000 specimens, purchased
1893.

Johnson (WILLIAM).

" North of England Lichen-Herbarium," 360 specimens in 9 fascicles
(1894-1900), purchased.

Johnston (Sir HARRY HAMILTON). [1858- ]
461 plants from Tropical Africa, presented 1885-93.

Jones (MARCUS E.).

5,193 North American phanerogams and 445 cryptogams, purchased
1884-98.

Jordan (ALEXIS). [1814 ?-97] and others.
1,800 rare French plants, purchased 1872.

Joshua (WILLIAM).

His lichen herbarium, containing 1,464 specimens representing 976
species, purchased 1880 ; 1,039 microscope-preparations of cellular plants,
purchased at various times, 1880-86.

Joshua (W.) and E. M. Holmes.

" Microscopical Slides of British Lichens," 48 specimens in one fasci-
culus (1879), purchased 1880.

Junghuhn (FRANZ WILHELM). [1812-64]

236 plants from Java, presented 1850.
Jurgens (GEORG HEINRICH BERNHARD).

" Algae aquaticae " of East Friesland, 20 decades (1816-24), purchased
1875.

Jiirgensen ( ).

208 Mexican plants, purchased 1861.

Juratzka (JAKOB). [1821-78]

Austrian and Hungarian mosses acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Jussieu (ANTOINE LAURENT DE). [1748-1836]
Plants from the Paris Garden in Herb. Banks.

Kaempfer (ENGELBERT). [1651-1716]

Japanese plants (collected 1691-92) in Herb. Sloane 211. The Coniferae
form the subject of a paper by K. A. Salisbury in Journ. Science and
Arts, ii, 309-314 (1817).

Kassner (THEODOR).

1,029 Tropical African plants, purchased 1902.

Kalbreyer (E.).

230 plants from Western Tropical Africa, presented 1878.

Kalm (PEHR). [1715-79]

Specimens from Canada in Herb. Banks.

Botany. 159

Kamel (&EORG JOSEPH). [1661-1706]

A Jesuit missionary to the Philippines, sent a collection to Petiver in
1701, which is now in Herb. Sloane (vols. 153, 231, 233). A volume
containing Kamel's figures and MS. descriptions of this collection (Bibl.
Sloane 5,288) was transferred to the Department of Botany from that of
MSS. in 1884 ; the descriptions were printed in the Appendix to vol. iii.
of Eay's " Historia Plantarum," pp. 43-94. Other descriptions by Kamel
form Sloane MSS. 4,078 and 4,081.

Karelin (GHRIGHORU SILUICH) and PORPHYRIUS KIriloflf.
A set of their collections in Central Asia, 1841-44.

Karo (FERDINAND).

348 plants from Dahuria, purchased 1892 ; 392 " Plantae Amuricae,"
purchased 1902.

Karsten (PETER ADOLF). [1834- ]

" Fungi Fenniae," 1000 specimens in 10 centuries (1865-70), purchased
1873.

Keir (WALTER), [fl. 1699]

Sent plants from Malacca and China to Petiver, acquired with Herb.
Sloane.

Kellerman (WILLIAM A.) and W. T. Swingle.

" Kansas Fungi," 50 specimens in 2 fascicles (1889), purchased 1899.

Kellogg (ALBERT). [1813-87]

525 Californian plants, purchased 1873.

Kerber (Eo.).

689 Mexican plants, purchased 1884-85.

Kerner von Marilaun (ANTON JOSEF). [1831-98]

90 critical Salices, purchased 1883; his "Flora exsiccata Austro-
Hungarica," acquired at various dates.

Kiggelaer (FRANZ).

Collection of Cape plants, made in 1701, in Herb. Sloane.

King (Sir GEORGE). [1844- ]

6,391 Indian and Malayan plants, presented at various intervals from

King (Capt. PHILIP PARKER). [1793-1856]

1,120 plants of extra-tropical South America, collected during the
voyage of survey in the Adventure and Beagle, and presented by him
1845 ; plants collected in Chili, 1826-27.

King (RICHARD), [fl. 1833-36]
See BACK.

Kirk (THOMAS). [1828-97]

700 New Zealand plants purchased 1883, and 89 presented later;
hepatics acquired with the Stephani collection.

160 Botany.

Kitaibel (PAUL). [1757-1817]

Types of his Hungarian plants acquired with Herb. Shultleworth.

Kitton (FREDERIC). [1828-95].

" Norfolk Diatoms," 50 slides in 2 series, purchased 1885 and 1893.

Klonne (J.) and G. Muller.

64 microscope-preparations of bacteria, purchased 1885.

Kneiff (FRIEDRICH GOTTHARD) \d. 1832] and EMANUEL FRIED-
RICH Hartmann.

"Plantae Cryptogamicae " of Baden, 200 specimens in four fascicles
(1828-30), purchased 1871.

Kneiff (FRIEDRICH GOTTHARD) [d. 1832], and Maercker.

" Musci frondosi," of Alsace, 250 specimens in 10 fascicles (1825-32),
acquired with Herb. Shuttlewortb.

Kneucker (J. ANDREAS).

Sets of German Cyperaceae, Juncaceae and Graminae, purchased at
various dates.

Knight (CHARLES).

100 New Zealand lichens, purchased 1877.

Koehne (BERNHARD ADALBERT EMIL). [1848- ]

" Herbarium Dendrologicum," 335 specimens purchased 1897-1900.

Koenig (JOHANN GERHARD). [1728-85]

Sent Indian plants to Banks, 1776 ; herbarium and MSS. bequeathed
to Banks.

Kotschy (THEODOR). [1813-66]

4,263 plants from the Orient, Levant, and Nubia, purchased 1840-67.

Kralik (JEAN Louis). [1813-92]
395 plants from Tunis, purchased 1856.

Krattli (J. L.).

165 plants from the Engadine, purchased 1870.

Krauss (FERDINAND).

513 plants from Natal, purchased 1840.

Krieg (DAVID), [fl. 1699-1703]
Maryland plants in Herb. Sloane.

Krieger (KARL WILHELM).

" Fungi Saxonici," 1700 specimens in 34 fascicles (1885-1902), pur-
chased; "Schadliche Pilze unserer Kulturgewachse," 100 specimens in
2 fascicles (1896 and 1899), purchased 1899.

Kutzing (FRIEDRICH TRAUGOTT). [1807-93]

"Algarum aquae dulcis Germanicarum decades xvi " (1833-36),
purchased ; 835 marine algae, purchased 1867, and his entire collection
of Diatomaceae, nearly 200 gatherings, purchased 1868.

Botany. 161

Kunze (JOHANN). \d. 1881]

"Fungi select! exsiccati," 410 specimens in 8 fascicles (1875-79),
purchased 1878-81.

Kurz (SULPIZ). [18331-78]

432 cryptogams of Burmah, presented 1874 ; other specimens acquired
with the collections of Hampe and Stephani.

La Billardiere (JACQUES JULIEN HOUTON DE). [1755-1834]
Specimens from Australia in Herb. Banks, Herb. Brown, and Herb.
Pallas ; mosses and hepatics in Herb. Bescherelle and Herb. Stephani.

La Peyrouse (PHILIPPE PICOT). [1744-1818]

Plants from Pyrenees in Herb. Eoemer, acquired with Herb. Shuttle-
worth.

Laestadius (LARS LEVI). [1800-61]

96 species of Salix, purchased 1869 from Herb. N. B. Ward.

Lagasca (MARIANO). [1776-1839]
A few plants in Herb. Banks.

Lambert (AYLMBB BOURKE). [1761-1842]

Among the purchases at the sale of his collections in 1842 were the
herbaria of Pallas, Ruiz and Pavon, and George Forster, with Indian
plants from F. Buchanan Hamilton, and plants from French Guiana
collected by Martin ,

Lament (JAMES).

499 Hong Kong plants, presented 1874; 362 Australian phanerogams
and 96 mosses, presented 1884, 1890-91 .

Landor (A. H. SAVAGE).

70 plants from Tibet, presented 1898.

Larbalestier (CHARLES Du Bois).

"Lichenes Caesarienses et Sargienses," 280 specimens in about
6 fascicles (1867-72), purchased 1868, 1873; "Lichen Herbarium,"
360 specimens in 9 fascicles (1879-81), purchased 1880 and subsequently;
" Lichenes ^Egyptiaci," 22 specimens, purchased 1880 ; a series of rare
British lichens, purchased 1880.

Lauterbaeh (CARL).

108 plants from New Guinea, purchased 1898.

Lawrence (Sir JAMES JOHN TREVOR). [1831- ]

Specimens of cultivated orchids, presented at intervals since 1885.

Lawson (ISAAC), [fl. 1737-47]
Plants from Padua in Herb. Sloane.

Lawson (JOHN), [d. 1712]
Carolina plants in Herb. Sloane.

Lawson (MARMADUKE ALEXANDER). [1840-96]
100 Indian plants, presented 1887.

162 Botany.

Lay (GEORGE TRADESCANT). [d. 1845]

A small collection from Macao, collected during Beechey's voyage in
1827.

Lea (THOMAS GIBSON), [d. 1849?]

Cincinnati mosses acquired with Herb. Wilson.

Lea (THOMAS SIMCOX).

1 1,377 Australian plants, 125 from Hawaii and others from Brazil;
presented 1886-87.

Leche (Jon AN). [1704-64]

Swedish plants in Herb. Banks.
Ledebour (KARL FRIEDRICH VON). [1785-1851]

A few plants in Herb. Banks.
Leefe (JOHN EWBANK).

" Salictum Britannicum," purchased 1862.
Lehmann (FRIEDRICH CARL). [1850-1903]

3,369 plants from Central and South America, purchased 1887-93.
L'Herminier (FELIX Louis). [1779-1883]

134 ferns of Guadaloupe, purchased 1873; a series of mosses from
Guadaloupe in Herb. Hampe and Herb. Bescherelle.

Leichardt (FRIEDRICH WILHELM LUDWIG). [1813-48]

A collection of Australian plants, purchased 1858.
Leighton (WILLIAM ALLPORT). [1805-89]

"Lichenes Britannici," 410 specimens in 13 fascicles (1851-1867),
and 230 Welsh lichens, purchased at intervals 1866-1875.

Le Jolis (AUGUSTE FRANCIS).

" Algues marines de Cherbourg," 280 specimens in 14 fascicles
(c. 1863), purchased 1880.

Lemmon (JOHN GILL).

2,284 plants from Arizona, etc., purchased 1882-86.

Lesquereux (LEO). [1 8001-89]

North American plants, and cryptogams from the Jura, acquired with
Herb. Shuttleworth.

Libert (MARIE ANNA, MdZle.). [1782-1865]

" Plantae cryptogamicae " of the Ardennes, 400 specimens in 4 fascicles
(1830-37), purchased 1866.

Liebman (FREDERIK MICHAEL). [1813-56]
Mexican hepatics acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Limminghe (Count ALFRED DE). [d. 1861]

A large series of lichens, purchased 1862 ; among them are a number
of specimens from Commer.son, which were given by Jussieu to Dr.
H. A. Weddell and by him given to Mr. Gray, who presented them to
•Count Limminghe,

Botany. 163

Lindberg (GUSTAP ANDERS). [1832-1900]

Brazilian Muscineae acquired with the collections of Hampe and
Stephsmi.

Lindberg (SEXTUS OTTO). [1835-1889]

2,057 mosses, including many authentic specimens, from his herbarium,
purchased 1886.

Lindberg (S. O.) and E. FR. Lackstrbm.

" Hepaticae Scandinavicae," 50 specimens (1874), purchased 1875.

Lindeberg (CARL JOHAN). [1815-1900]
" Hieracia Scandinavicae exsiccata," purchased.

Linden (JEAN JULES). [1817-98]

1,143 plants from Columbia, purchased 1843-68.

Lindheimer (FERDINAND). [1801-79]
775 plants from Texas, purchased 1845-50.

Lindig (ALEXANDER).

The types of his lichens from New Granada, 667 specimens, purchased
1875 ; also the types of his mosses, acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Lindsay (WILLIAM LAUDER). [1829-80]

343 lichens and other cryptogams, presented 1871; plant-remains
from New Zealand, Scotland, etc., presented 1874.

Linhart (GYORGY). [1844- ]

" Fungi Hungarici," 5 centuries (1882-86), purchased 1899.

Linnaeus (CARL). [1707-78]

The herbarium of PAUL HERMANN (q.v.) contains the plants on
which Linnaeus's "Flora Zeylanica " is based, with names in his MS. A
few specimens were obtained by Banks from the Linnaean herbarium by
exchange with Sir J. E. Smith. Clifford's herbarium, containing the
plants described by Linnaeus in the " Hortus Cliffortianus " (1737) was
bought by Banks in 1791.
See CLIFFORD.

Linton (EDWARD FRANCIS) [1848- ] and WILLIAM RICHARDSON
Linton.

Sets of British Eubi, Salices, and Hieracia, purchased 1892, etc.

Lister (ARTHUR). [1830- ]

1,101 slides and 619 specimens, illustrating his Monograph of the
Mycetozoa, presented 1894-1902 ; 110 British Mycetozoa with 36 coloured
drawings, presented 1890.

Llewelyn (JOHN DILLWYN).

99 freshwater algae and 129 lichens, presented 1889.

Lobb (THOMAS), [d. 1894]

711 plants from Malasia, purchased 1846-48; 819 plants from the
Eastern Archipelago, presented by H. J. Veitch, Esq., 1888 ; 400 plants
from Borneo, purchased 1894.

M 2

164 Botany.

Lobb (WILLIAM). [1809-63]

388 phanerogams and cryptogams from Western North America,
purchased 1854.

Loftus (WILLIAM KENNETT). [c. 1821-58]

305 plants from Persia, Syria, etc., presented 1850-56.

Lojacono-Pojero (MICHELE). [1853- ]

1,000 Sicilian plants, purchased at various dates from 1880.

Lojka (Huoo).

" Lichenes Hungarici," about 450 specimens (1873, etc.), purchased.

London (GEORGE), [d. 1713]

His herbarium (1673), consisting largely of cultivated plants, in Herb.
Sloane.

Lord (Joe), [fl. 1704]

Carolina plants in Herb. Sloane.

Lorentz (PAUL GUNTHER). [1835-81]

136 plants from Argentina, purchased 1878 ; mosses of Bavaria, etc.
acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Loureiro (JUAN). [1715-96]

Sent in 1774, a small collection of Cochin-China plants to his friend
Capt. Riddel, in the E.I.C. service, who presented them to Banks. See
Journ. Bot., 1902, 389.

Lowe (RICHARD THOMAS). [1802-74]

68 plants of Mogador, presented 1859 ; part of his herbarium, con-
taining a series of the typical plants of his " Manual Flora of Madeira,"
bequeathed by him 1875.

Lowne (BENJAMIN THOMPSON).

550 plants from Palestine, purchased 1864.

Ludwig (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH). [1757-1823]

" Kryptogamische Gewachse des Eiesengebirge " (c. 1795), acquired
with Herb. Shuttleworth in 1877.

Lund ( ).

228 plants from Finmark, etc., presented 1843.

Lunt (WILLIAM).

156 plants from Hadramaut, Arabia, presented by J. T. Bent, 1894.

Lyell (CHARLES). [1767-1849]

1,673 cryptogams from his herbarium, including his reference-set of
British hepatics, presented 1898-99.

Lyle (THOMAS), [d. 1859]

Collection of mosses, acquired with Wilson's Herbarium.

Lynch (THOMAS KERR). [1818-91]

294 plants from Northern Persia, presented 1849.

Botany. 165

Lyon (GEORGE JASPEK). [1816-62?]

His herbarium, consisting of 2,542 cryptogams from various quarters,
purchased 1862.

Mabille (JULES P.).

350 Corsican phanerogams, purchased 1872.

McArdle (DAVID).

250 Irish hepatics, purchased 1900.

Macarthur (Sir WILLIAM), [fl. 1848-63]
245 Australian plants, presented.

Macartney (Lord).

See STAUNTON.

Macbride (THOMAS H.).
6

1892

62 specimens of North American Mycetozoa, acquired by exchange,
"-94.

McCormick (ROBERT). [1800-90]

Collections formed during the Arctic and Antarctic expeditions,
1827-53, bequeathed by him.

MacGillivray (JOHN), [d. 1867]

795 plants from islands of the South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans,
purchased 1855-63, and 218 from Brazil and the Atlantic islands, pre-
sented by the Admiralty, 1856.

Macgrigor (Sir JAMES), [fl. 1799-1829]
Mauritius plants collected about 1820.

Maclvor (WILLIAM GRAHAM), [d. 1876]

" Hepaticae Britannicae," containing 132 species, purchased 1847.

Macmillan (CONWAY). [1867- ]

597 plants from Minnesota, acquired by exchange, 1896.

Macoun (JAMES MELVILLE). [1862- ]
240 Canadian plants, presented 1896.

Macoun (JOHN). [1832- ]

2,087 phanerogams and 1,875 collected during the Geological Survey of
Canada, aud presented at various dates from 1887.

MacOwan (PETER).

910 South African plants, presented 1875-76.

MacOwan (PETER), and HARRY Bolus.

A series of plants, forming their "Herbarium Austro-Africanum,"
acquired in 1885 and at various later dates.

Macrae (JAMES), [fl. 1823-30]

1,079 plants of Ceylon and 320 from the Sandwich Islands, purchased
1856.

166 Botany.

MacRitchie (WILLIAM). [1754-1837]

Scottish plants from K. Brown's Herbarium, acquired 1876.

Macvicar (SYMERS M.).

178 of the rarer hepatics from Scotland, presented from time to time,
1899-1902.

Maiden (JOSEPH HENRY). [1859- ]

372 plants, chiefly Australian, acquired by exchange, 1900-2.

Maingay (ALEXANDER CARROLL). [1836-69]
323 plants from Malaya, purchased 1871.

Malbranche (ALEXANDRE FRANCOIS). [1818-88]

" Lichens de la Normandie " (1863), incomplete set of 100 specimens
presented by the Council of the Linnean Society, 1896.

Malcolm (WILLIAM), [fl. 1778-1805]

Plants in Herb. Banks from his garden at Kensington.

Malinvaud (ERNEST).

63 critical species of Mentha, presented 1900.

Mandon (GILBERT). [1799-1866]

1,250 plants from Bolivia, purchased 1868, and 458 from Madeira,
purchased 1873 ; mosses acquired with Herb. Bescherelle.

Mansel-Pleydell (JOHN CHARLES). [1817-1902]

191 plants from Uruguay, presented 1886, and numerous additions to
the British Herbarium presented at various intervals.

Maries (CHARLES), [d. 1902]

209 Japanese plants, presented 1886; 420 plants from Gwalior,
presented 1891.

Markham (Sir CLEMENTS ROBERT). [1830- ]

Specimens of Cinchona from the Government plantation at Ootaca-
mund, presented 1873.

Marschall von Bieberstein (FRIEDRICH AUGUST). [1768-

1826]
Plants in Herb. Banks.

Marsden (WILLIAM). [1754-1836]
Plants from Sumatra in Herb. Banks.

Marshall (EDWARD SHEARBURN). [1858- ]

A large series of specimens of critical British plants, presented at
various intervals from 1888.

Martin (JOSEPH).

About 400 Guiana and Cayenne plants, purchased at Lambert's sale,
1842 — "this collection was found in the French ship of war U Union,
a prize captured by two British privateers in 1803 " : 772 Guiana plants,
presented 1847.

Botany. 167

Martins (KARL FEIEDRICH PHILIP VON). [1794-1868]
134 Brazilian plants, acquired 1841 ; mosses in Herb. Hampe.

Mason (NATHANIEL HASLOPE). [ -I860?]
400 Madeira plants, purchased 1858.

Massee (GEORGE EDWARD). [1847- ]
300 British fungi, presented 1891.

Masson (FRANCIS). [1741-1805]

Was sent to the Cape from Kew Gardens in 1772 at the instance of
Banks, and subsequently on other collecting expeditions ; his plants from
all the localities visited are in Banks's Herbarium. He collected at the
Cape in 1772-73 and again in 1786-95; in the Canaries and Azores,
1776-78 ; in the West Indies, 1779-80 ; in Spain and Portugal in 1783 ;
in North Africa, 1783 ; and in North America and Canada (where he
died) in 1797-1805. There is also in the Department a volume of his
drawings, from which descriptions of several new species have been
drawn up.

Masters (MAXWELL TYLDEN). [1833- ]

A small collection of Indian grasses and Cyperaceae, with original
drawings by the late Dr. Wight, presented 1875.

Mathews (ANDREW), [d. 1841]

Collections of Peruvian plants, purchased 1834 and 1840.

Maunsell (F. R.).

169 plants from Sivas, Asia Minor, presented 1898 ; 180 plants from
Van, Armenia, presented 1901.

Maw (GEORGE). [1832- ].

416 specimens of crocus with 72 specimens of corm-tunics, forming
the collection illustrating his monograph of Crocus, presented 1885.

Maximowicz (CARL IVANOVITCH). [1827-91]

1,539 Japanese and Manchurian plants, acquired by exchange, 1885.

Maxwell (GEORGE).

300 plants of South-Western Australia, purchased 1861.

Maze (HIPPOLYTE PIERRE). [1818-92]

1,509 marine algae, representing the species described in Maze and
Schramm's " Algues de la Guadaloupe," purchased 1887.

Meerseveen ( ).

Collection of Cape plants in Herb. Sloane, purchased 1757.

Meisner (KARL FRIEDRICH). [1800-74]

Plants from various localities, with notes, acquired with Herb.
Shuttleworth.

Melvill (JAMES COSMO). [1845- ]

157 plants, mostly Australian, and 44 algae from Mauritius, presented
at various dates from 1881.

168 Botany.

Menzies (ARCHIBALD). [1754-1842]

Plants from western Coast of America and Pacific Islands in tho
Banksian Herbarium ; another collection, which included the herbarium
of John Zier, was acquired by exchange from New College. Edinburgh,
1886.

Merrett (CHRISTOPHER). [1614-95]

A large number of plants, mostly from English and foreign gardens,
were purchased by Sloane and are in his herbarium.

Metz ( ).

2,300 plants from the Nilgherries, etc., purchased 1867.

Meyen (FRANZ JULIUS FERDINAND). [1804-1840]

Mosses and hepatics from Manilla, acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Miers (JOHN). [1789-1879]

His herbarium of phanerogams, containing the types of the species
described in his numerous systematic works, together with an extensive
series of South American plants collected by himself and others, sup-
plemented by additions from other regions, with his original drawings
and notes, bequeathed 1879. His fern herbarium, containing 2,006
species, was presented by his son, J. W. Miers, Esq., in 1887.

Migeod (J. W. H.).

123 plants from West Africa, presented 1898.

Migula (WALTER), PAUL Sydow, and LARS JOHAN Wahl-
stedt.

"Characeae exsiccatae," 150 specimens in 6 fascicles (1892-1901),
purchased.

Miller (CHARLES). [1739-1817]

Sent plants from Sumatra to Banks in 1778.

Miller (0. O.).

266 plants from Margarita Island, Venezuela, purchased 1902.

Miller (PHILIP). [1691-1771]

His herbarium, consisting largely of plants cultivated in Chelsea
Gardens, of which he was curator 1722-70, was bought by Banks in
1774 and incorporated in the Banksian collection ; it contains the types
of his " Gardeners Dictionary " and a large number of American plants
from W. Houstoun. Other plants from Miller are in the Bloane
Herbarium.

Milligan (JOSEPH). [1807-1883?]
529 Tasmaninn plants, presented 1863-68.

Milne (WILLIAM GRANT), [d. 1866]

112 plants from Old Calabar, purchased 1866.

Mitchell (JOHN), [d. 1772]

Plants from Virginia in Herb. Banks.

Botany. 169

Mitchell (Sir THOMAS LIVINGSTONE). [1792-1855]

485 plants from New South Wales, collected on an expedition into
the interior and presented by him, 1847.

Montagne (JEAN FRANCOIS CAMILLE). [1784-1866]

Many types of cryptogams
Wilson, Bescherelle, and others.

Many types of cryptogams acquired with the collections of Hampe,
her

Moon (ALEXANDER), [d. 1825]

373 plants from Kandy, Ceylon, collected in 1819 and sent to Banks.
Moore (ALEXANDER GOODMAN). [1830-95]

179 British plants and a set of Irish hepaticae, presented at various
dates from 1863.

Moore (CHARLES).

333 Australian plants, presented 1868.

Moore (DAVID). [1807-79]

Irish mosses, acquired with Herb. Wilson.

Moore (FREDERICK WILLIAM). [1857- ]

Specimens of orchids cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Dublin,
presented at intervals from 1885.

Moore (SPENCER LE MARCHANT). [1850- ]

1,100 plants from Matto Grosso, Brazil, including the types of his
enumeration in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2 (Bot.), iv, 265-516, purchased
1894 ; 300 plants from Coolgardie, W. Australia, including the types of
his enumeration in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxiv (1899), purchased,

Moore (THOMAS). [1821-87]

British Herbarium, presented by the Director of the Eoyal Gardens,
Kew, 1887.

Moritz (KARL). [1796-1866]

2850 Venezuela plants, purchased 1865 ; mosses and hepatics acquired
with Herb. Hampe.

Morong (THOMAS). [1827-94]

608 plants of Paraguay, purchased 1891-94.
Moseley (HARRIET), [d. 1867]

Herbarium of British plants, accompanying her collection of drawings,
purchased 1886.

Mossman ( ).

108 phanerogams and 107 cryptogams of New Zealand, purchased
1850-51; 365 plants from King George's Sound, S. Australia, purchased

Mougeot (ANTOINE), CH. Manoury, L. Dupray, and CASIMIR
Roumeguere.

"Algues de France," 13 centuries (1883-91), and 3 centuries of
" Eeliquiae Brebissonianae " (1886), purchased 1886-92.

170 Botany.

Mougeot (JEAN BAPTISTE), [1776-1858], J. ANTOINE Mougeot,
CHRISTIAN GOTTFRIED Nestler, [1778-1832], and WILHELM
PHILIPP Schimper [1808-80].
"Stirpes cryptogamae Vogeso-Rhenauae," 1,500 specimens in 15

fascicles (1810-60), purchased 1873.

Mudd (WILLIAM). [1830-79]

" Lichenes Britannici " 300 specimens in 3 fascicles (1861), included
in a purchase of 601 British lichens made in 1861 ; 80 specimens illus-
trating his " Monograph of the British Cladoniae," purchased 1865.

Mueller (Sir FERDINAND JAKOB HEINRICH VON). [1825-96]

4,220 plants from Australia and New Guinea, presented at various
dates from 1863.

Mueller (KARL AUGUST FRIEDRICH WILHELM). [1818-99]

Many types of mosses, acquired with the herbaria of Hampe and
Bescherelle.

Miiller (WALTHER OTTO).

" Cladoniaceen von Nord-Deutschland," 50 specimens, purchased 1870.

Munby (GILES). [1813-76]

208 plants from Algeria, purchased 1850.

Murbeck (SVANTE SAMUEL). [1859- ]
494 plants from North Africa, purchased 1898.

Murray (JOHANN ANDREAS). [1740-91]
A selection from his Herbarium, acquired 1872.

Murray (RICHARD PAGET). [1842- ]

390 plants from Iberian Peninsula, purchased 1889; 400 from the
Canaries, purchased 1898 ; 139 from the Canaries, presented 1900.

Mussin Puschkin (Count APOLLOS).

,206 Caucasian Plants in Banksian Herbarium, received 1804.

Nadeaud ( ).

" Mousses de Tahiti," 81 specimens, purchased 1898.

Naegeli (KARL WILHELM VON). [1817-91]

300 specimens of Hieracia, purchased 1884.
Neger (F. W.).

" Uredineae Austro-Americanae," 50 fungi, issued as a supplement to
Sydow's " Uredineen," purchased 1897.

Nelson (DAVID), [d. 1789]

Australian, Cape, and Timor plants in Banksian Herbarium.

Nichol (E., Mrs.).

86 plants from the Falkland Islands, presented 1899.
Niven (JAMES). [17742-1826]

South African plants in Banksian Herbarium.

Botany. 171

NOB (WlLHELM).

" Herbarium Noeanum " (eastern plants), acquired with Herb.
Shuttleworth.

Nolte (ERNST FERDINAND). [1791-1875].

An extensive selection of plants from las herbarium, including
specimens from Forskal, Cavanilles, Delile, Thuillier, Allioni, etc., a
complete set of Fries' Herbarium Normale, and Hansen's plants of
Schleswig-Holstein, purchased 1875 (see p. 104).

Nordstedt (CARL FREDRIK OTTO), [1838- ] and LARS JOHANN

Wahlstedt.
"Characeae Scandinaviae," 120 specimens iu 3 fascicles (1871-74),

purchased.

Norman (GEORGE). [1823-82]

155 microscope-preparations of Diatomaceae, purchased 1888, 1890.

Norrlin (J. P.) and WILLIAM Nylander.

" Herbarium Lichenum Fenniae," 450 specimens in 9 fascicles (1875-
82), purchased 1875 and subsequently.

Nuttall (THOMAS). [1786-1859]

His herbarium containing 5,750 species, including types of the North
American plants described in his works, purchased 1860.

Nylander (WILLIAM). [1822-99]

1,279 species of lichens, purchased 1874-79 ; these include his
" Herbarium Lichenum Parisiensium," 150 specimens in 3 fascicles-
(1855-57), and a series of 78 from the Eastern Pyrenees (1872).

Nyman (CARL FREDRIK). [1820-93]

269 phanerogams and 100 mosses from Sweden, purchased 1865.

Oersted (ANDERS SANDOE). [1816-72]

Mosses of Costa Rica, acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Okamura (KINTARO).-

" Algae Japonicae," 50 specimens, purchased 1899.

Oldenburg ( ). \d. 1774]

About 1,000 Cape plants, collected 1772, in the Banksian Herbarium.

Oldenland (HENRIK BERNHARD). [fl. 1737]

" Hortus siccus Capensis " sent to Petiver, and acquired by Sloane.

Oldham (GEORGE).

168 mosses from New Zealand, purchased 1862.

Oldham (RICHARD). [1837-64]

1,138 plants from Formosa, purchased 1866-70.

Olguin ( ).

309 plants from Kurdistan and Luristan, purchased 1854.

172 Botany.

O'Meara (EUGENE), [c. 1815-80]

His collection of Diatomaceae, 1155 microscope-preparations, purchased
1882.

Ommaney (Capt. H. T.).

94 plants from Johannesburg, presented 1902.

Orcutt (CHAELES RUSSELL).

824 Californian plants, purchased 1885-87.

Orphanides (THEODOR GEOKG). [1817-86]
1,042 Greek plants, purchased 1886-90.

Ortega (CASIMIRO GOMEZ). [1740-1818]
Plants in Banksian Herbarium, sent in 1777.

Oudemans (CORNELIUS ANTON JAN ABRAHAM).

"Fungi Neerlandici," 3 centuries (1875-79), purchased 1879-80.

Oudney (WALTER). [1790-1824]
See CLAPPERTON, HUGH.

Packman (J. D. V.).

260 plants from Tenasserim, presented 1844.

Painter (WILLIAM HUNT).

1,730 British plants, presented at various dates from 1882.

Pallas (PETER SIMON). [1741-1811]

His herbarium containing the types of Gmelin's Flora Sibirica and of
Pallas's own publications ; also specimens from Thunberg, Banks, Forster,
Steller, Georgi, Merk, &c. ; from 2,000 to 2,250 species, purchased at
Lambert's sale, 1842.

Palmer (EDWARD). [1833- ]

3,196 plants from New Mexico and California, purchased 1886-99.

Pancher (JEAN ARMAND ISIDORE).

880 plants from New Caledonia, purchased 1872.
Paris (EDOUARD GABRIEL).

500 plants from North Africa, purchased 1871-72.
Parish (SAMUEL B.).

578 Californian plants, purchased 1883-98.
Park (MUNGO). [1771-1805]

A small collection of African plants.

Parry (CHARLES CHRISTOPHER) [1823-901 and GEORGE Vasey

[1822-93]
1,962 Mexican plants, purchased 1882.

Parry (Sir WILLIAM EDWARD). [1790-1855]
Plants collected during his Arctic voyages, 1820.

Botany. 173

Pavon (Jose).

South American plants acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.
See also Euiz AND PA vox.

Pearce (NATHANIEL), [c. 1780-1820]

A small collection of Abyssinian plants made 1809-19.

Pearce (RICHARD), [d. 1868]

2,275 plants from South America, purchased 1885.

Pearson (WILLIAM HENRY). [1849- ]

His herbarium of hepatics, about 9000 specimens, including the types
of his book on the "Hepaticae of the British Isles" and of his other
memoirs, purchased 1902.

Percival (JOHN). [1863- ]

Set of European cereals, purchased 1902.

Perrottet (GEORGE SAMUEL). [1793-1870]

481 plants from Senegal, 256 from the Nilgherria, and 52 from
Guadaloupe, purchased 1862-07 ; mosses acquired with the collections
of Hampe, Bescherelle, Stephani and Wilson.

Peters (ALBERT).

400 European Hieracia, purchased 1885-86.

Petiver (JAMES), [d. 1718]

His numerous and important botanical collections from many parts of
the world, were purchased by Sloane and form part of his herbarium.

Philippi (RUDOLF AMANDUS). [1808- ]
564 plants from Chili, purchased 1868.

Phillips (LORT, Mrs.).

451 specimens from Somali-land, presented 1897.

Phillips (WILLIAM). [1822- ]

"Elvellacei Britannici," 201 specimens in 4 fascicles (1874-81),
bequeathed by C. E. Broome, 1886.

Pichler (THOMAS).

300 species of Greek plants, purchased 1878.

Piggot (HORATIO).

2,383 specimens of British and foreign lichens, including Dr. Eichard
Deakin's herbarium, presented 1889; also 54 British fungi, presented
1890-92.

Pinard (C.).

Plants from Caria (1843), acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Pire (Louis).

" Mousses de la Belgique," 50 specimens (1870), purchased 1899.

Pitcaira (WILLIAM). [1711-91]

Plants from his garden at Islington, in Herb. Banks.

174 Botany.

Pittier (HENRI DE FABREGA).

117 plants from Costa Kica, purchased 1898.

Pittoni (GIUSEPPE C. DE).

132 plants from South Europe, presented 1869.

Plant (R. W.).

100 South African plants, purchased 1853-57.

Plowright (CHARLES BAGGE). [1849- ]

" Sphaeriacei Britannici," 3 centuries of Fungi (1873-78), purchased.
Also 86 British Fungi, presented at various times, 1884-99.

Plukenet (LEONARD). [1642-1706]

A folio volume, "Herbarium vivum" of cultivated plants. His
principal collections are incorporated in the Sloane Herbarium.

Pocock (ROBERT). [1760-1830]

Herbarium of British plants, presented by his biographer, Mr.
G. M. Arnold, 1884.

Poeppig (EDUARD FRIEDRICH). [1798-1868]

South American plants acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth ; crypto-
gams with the collections of Hampe and Stephani.

Pohl (JOHANN EMMANUEL). [1782-1834]

Brazilian plants, some acquired with Brown's herbarium.

Polakowsky (HELLMUTH).

A set of his "Flora Costaricensis," purchased 1875.

Poore (DYKE, Miss}.

117 marine algae from Jersey ; purchased at various times, 1862-85.

Porta (PIETRO) [1852- ] and GREGORIO Rigo. [1841- ]
1,611 Spanish and Balearic plants, purchased 1880-92.

Post (GEORGE EDWARD).

1,655 Syrian plants, acquired 1878-1902.

Powell (THOMAS), [d. 1887]

154 Ferns and other cryptogams from Samoa, presented 1899.
Praeger (ROBERT LLOYD). [1865- ]

480 British plants, purchased 1894.

Prain (DAVID). [1857- ]

1,403 plants from the Calcutta Herbarium, acquired by exchange
1899-1902.

Pratt (ANTWERP E.).

771 plants from Szechuen and the Tibetan frontier, purchased 1891.

Prescott (JOHN D.). [d. 1837]

757 plants, mostly Russian, purchased 1861.

Botany. 175

Presl (KAREL BORIWOG). [1794-1852]

A small set of his "Reliquiae Haenkeanae" acquired with Herb.
Shuttleworth.

Preston (THOMAS ARTHUR). [1833- ]

294 British plants, presented 1887-88.
Prichard (H. HESKETH).

130 plants from Patagonia, presented 1902.

Priestley (Sir WILLIAM OVEREND). [1829-1900]

A collection of British Carices, with the parts of the inflorescence and
fruit carefully dissected and drawn, presented 1889.

Pringle (CYRUS GUERNSEY). [1838- ]

3,435 Mexican plants, purchased at various dates from 1886.

Prior (RICHARD CHANDLER ALEXANDER). [1809-1902]

994 plants from Styria, Dalmatia, and Italy, and a large number of
South African plants, presented 1868.

Pritzel (ERNST).

1,015 plants from West Australia, purchased 1901-2.

Puccinelli (BENEDETTO). [1808-50]
588 Italian plants, purchased 1868.

Pulteney (RICHARD). [1730-1801]

Herbarium of British plants, purchased 1863.

Rabenhorst (GOTTLOB LUDWIG). [1806-81]

His published sets : " Algen Sachsens " and " Algen Europas," about

2,600 specimens in 259 decades (1848-79) ; " Klotschii Herb. Mycolog.
Ed. II," 800 specimens in 8 fascicles (1855-58) ; " Fungi Europaei,"
43 centuries (1859-79), continued by Winter, and subsequently by
Pazschke; "Cryptogamae vasculares Europaeae," 160 specimens in
5 fascicles (1858-72) ; " Bryotheca Europaea," 1,450 mosses in 29 fascicles
(1858-84), completed by Winter; "Hepaticae Europaeae," 66 decades
(1856-79), published by collaboration with Gottsche; "Lichenes
Europaei," 974 specimens in 36 fascicles (1855-79) ; " Characeen Euro-
pas," 121 specimens in 5 fascicles (1857-78), published by collaboration
with Al. Braun and Stizenberger ; " Diatomaceae exsicc. totius terrarum
orbis," 100 specimens (1871) ; " Lichenes Chinenses," 36 specimens (1873).
These were purchased at various dates from 1862.

Ralfs (JOHN). [1807-90]

" British Algae," 40 specimens published c. 1850 ; his microscope
preparations of algae, 3,137 slides, presented by his son in 1890 ; his
herbarium of cryptogams containing 1,968 specimens, purchased 1892.

Ralph (THOMAS SHEARMAN). [1892?]

167 plants from New Zealand, purchased 1854-59.

Ramage (G. A.).

172 plants from Brazil, purchased 1888 ; 485 plants from Dominica,
presented by the Council of the Royal Society.

176 Botany.

Rand (ISAAC), [d. 1743]

His herbarium, presented by the Apothecaries' Company, 1862, from
which selections were made for the British collection.

Rand (RICHARD FRANK). [1856- ]

988 plants from South Africa, presented 1893-1902.

Ravenel (HENRY WILLIAM). [1814-87]

" Fungi Caroliniani," 5 centuries (1852-60) ; " Fun^i Americaui,"
8 centuries (1877-82) ; his herbarium, consisting of 14,550 cryptogams,
amongst which are the types of 152 new species, was purchased in 1891.

Rawson (Sir RAWSON WILLIAM). [1812-99]

2,000 South African and West Indian ferns, purchased 1900.

Ray (JOHN). [1627-1705]

His herbarium of European plants, presented by the Apothecaries'
Company, 1862.

Reed (EDWYN C.).

773 plants from Chili, purchased 1875.

Regel (ALBERT). [1815-92]

663 Turkestan plants, acquired by exchange, 1885.

Rehm (HEINRICH).

"Ascomycetes exsiccatae," 1,450 Fungi in 29 fascicles, in progress
since 1874, purchased.

Rehmann (ANTON).

2,176 phanerogams and 1,293 cryptogams from South Africa, pur-
chased 1881-90. 191 plants from Cherson, purchased 1872.

Rehmann (ANTON) and Woloszczak (EUSTACHE).

" Flora Polonica exsdccata " (900 species), purchased 1895-1902.

Reichenbach (HEINRICH GOTTLIEB LUDWIG). [1793-1879]

" Florae Germaniae exsiccata " (phanerogams and cryptogams),
purchased.

Reichenbach (H. G. L.) and C. Schubert.

" Lichenes exsiccati," 125 specimens in 5 fascicles (1822-24), incom-
plete, purchased 1899.

Reichenbach (HEINRICH GUSTAV). [1823-89]
107 Orchideae, presented 1876.

Reid (CLEMENT). [1853- ]

393 specimens of fruits of British plants, presented 1885-1902.

Reinsch (PAUL FRIEDRICH).

59 microscope-preparations of algae from the Cape and Kerguelen's
Land, purchased 1876.

Botany. 177

Renauld (FERDINAND) and JULES Cardot.

"Musci Americae septentrionalis," 350 specimens in 7 fascicles
(1892-1901), purchased.

Renous ( ).

175 plants of Chili, purchased 1844.

Requien (ESPRIT). [1788-1851]

Set of his Corsican plants, purchased.

Reuter (GEORGES FRANCOIS). [1815-72]
Spanish plants acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Richardson (Sir JOHN). [1787-1865]

1,919 plants of North America, including types described in Hooker's
" Flora Boreali- Americana," presented by the Lords of the Admiralty 1856.

Richardson (RICHARD). [1663-1741]

Plants in Herb. Sloane.

Ridley (HENRY NICHOLAS). [1855- ]

750 plants from Pernambuco, presented 1887; 200 from Fernando
Noronha, presented by the Royal Society ; 8,618 plants and 428 woods
from Malasia, presented at various dates from 1889.

Robb (Dr.).

100 Calabar plants, purchased 1870.

Robertson (JAMES).

Plants from Johanna Island, Bombay, Madras, China, and St. Jago,
sent to Banks 1772-76.

Robertson (JAMES).

194 plants from Honduras, purchased 1890.

Robinson (BENJAMIN LINCOLN).

205 North American plants, presented 1895-1902.

Robinson (Mrs.), [d. 1847]

Herbarium of British plants, bequeathed 1847.

Roemer (JOHANN JAKOB). [1763-1819]

His herbarium, containing many types of Roemer and Schultes's
" Systema Vegetabilium," acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Rogers (WILLIAM MOYLE). [1835- ]

617 specimens of South African plants, presented 1885 ; 65 specimens
of Rubi, presented 1898.

Rohr (Junus PHILIPP BENJAMIN VON). [1737-93?]
West Indian plants in Herb. Banks.

Romain (On.).

966 Algerian plants, purchased 1868.

VOL. I. N

178 Botany.

Romell (LABS). [1854- ]

" Fungi exsiccati praesertim Scandinavici," 2 centuries (1890 and
1895), purchased 1896.

Roper (FREEMAN CLARKE SAMUEL). [1819-96]

151 British plants, presented 1881-90 ; 538 American plants, presented
1883 ; collection of diatoms, consisting of 3,580 slides, bequeathed 1896.

Rosendahl (C. O.) and CARL J. Brand.

100 plants from Vancouver Isknd, purchased 1902.

Rossmassler (E. A.). [1806-67]
166 plants from Spain, purchased 1856.

Rostan (EDOUARD). [1835-95]
650 European plants, purchased 1869.

Rothery (HENRY CADOGAN).
247 Guiana plants, presented 1845.

Roxas (CLEMENTE Y RUBIO SIMON) [1777-1827] and Leblech.
Plantas de Andalucia, 1803, acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Roxburgh (JOHN), [fl. 1809]
Plants from the Cape.

Roxburgh (WILLIAM). [1751-1815]

Large collections from various parts of India and plants from St.
Helena in the Banksian Herbarium ; others acquired with Herb. Shuttle-
worth.

Royen (ADRIAN VON). [1705-791
Plants from East Indies in Herb. Banks.

Roze (ERNEST) [1833-1900] and EMILE Bescherelle.

"Muscinees des environs de Paris," 250 specimens in 10 fascicles
(1861-66), purchased 1883.

Rudbeck (OLOP). [1660-1740]
Plants from Lapland in Herb. Sloane.

Rudge (EDWARD). [1763-1846]

Arranged general herbarium of 4,138 species and 772 plants from
Guiana collected by Martin, including many types described by Kudge,
presented by Mrs. Rudge, 1847.

Rugel (FERDINAND). [1806-79]

240 plants from south Europe, purchased 1874 ; a large collection of
Florida plants, containing numerous types, forming part of the Shuttle-
worth herbarium, purchased 1877.

Ruiz (LOPEZ HIPOLITO) [1754-1815] and JOSE Pavon.

Herbarium containing 1,500-1,750 species, with a separate collection of
fruits and of Cinchona barks, and the original MSS. relating to their
travels in 1777-1788, purchased at Lambert's sale, 1842.

Botany. 179

Rusby (HENRY HUBD).

1,435 South American plants, purchased 1888-96.

Russell (ALEXANDER [d. 1768] and PATRICK [1726-1805])

A large collection of plants from Aleppo in the Banksian Herbarium,
the types of the descriptions (by Banks and Solander) in the " Natural
History of Aleppo," ed. 2, ii. 237-271 (1794).

Ruysch (FREDERICK). [1638-1731]

Herbarium formed in Holland about 1657, in Herb. Sloane.

Ryan (JOHN), [fl. 1797]

West Indian plants in Herb. Banks.

Sabbati (LIBERATO). [6. 1714]

Herbarium in two folio volumes, dated 1768, transferred from the
Department of MSS., 1871.

Sabine (Sir EDWARD). [1788-1883]

Plants collected in Arctic expeditions, 1818-20, from Herb. E. Brown,
Herb. K. Forster, etc.

Saccardo (DOMENICO). [1872- ]

" Mycotheca Italica," containing 12 centuries of Fungi (1898-1903),
purchased.

Saccardo (PIER' ANDREA). [1845- ]

"Mycotheca Veneta," 1600 specimens in 16 centuries (1874-81),
purchased in 1875 and subsequently.

Sadler (JOHN). [1837-1882]

360 British mosses and 150 lichens, purchased 1861.

Sagot (PAUL ANTOINE). [1821-89]

954 plants from French Guiana, purchased 1868.

Sagra (RAMON DE LA). [1798-1871]

110 plants from Cuba, purchased 1872.

Salisbury (RICHARD ANTHONY). [1761-1829]

Plants from his garden at Chapel Allerton, in Herb. Banks.

Salle (CHARLES).

1,143 plants from Mexico, New Orleans, etc., purchased 1855-58.

Salt (HENRY). [1785 ?-1827]

Collection of Abyssinian plants presented to Banks ; list by Robert
Brown in appendix to Salt's " Voyage to Abyssinia," 1814.

Salvador y Riera (JUAN). [1683-1726]

Plants from the Balearic Islands (1711-12), in Herb. Sloane.

Salwey (THOMAS), [d. 1878]

4 centuries of British lichens, issued under the title, " Lichenes centum
ex herbario T. Salwey," pin-chased at intervals, 1860-62.

N 2

180 Botany.

Sartwell (HENRY PARKER).

213 Carices of North America, purchased 1869.

Saunders (JAMES). [1839- ]

147 phanerogams and 192 mosses, mostly from Bedfordshire, acquired
1882-99.

Saunders (WILLIAM WILSON). [1809-79]

A large collection of plants, purchased 1874.
Sauter (ANTON ELEUTHERIUS). [1800-81]

Muscineae of the Eastern Alps, acquired -with Herb. Hampe.

Schaerer (LUDWIG EMANUEL). [1785-1853]

"Lichenes Helvetici," 650 specimens in 26 fascicles (1823-52),
purchased 1874 ; a second edition was acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Schafiher (S. WILHELM).

483 Mexican plants, purchased 1884.

Scheffer (RUDOLPH HERMAN CHRISTIAN CAREL). [1844-80]
276 woods from Java, presented 1872.

Scheuchzer (JOHANN JAKOB). [1672-1733]
Grasses and other plants in Herb. Sloane.

Schiede (CHRISTIAN JULIUS WILHELM) [d. 1836] and FRIEDRICH
Deppe.

A set of their Mexican collections.

Schiffner (VICTOR FELIX). [1852- ]

113 hepatics from the Malay Archipelago, purchased 1898.

Schimper (WILHELM). [1804-78]

828 Abyssinian and Arabian plants, purchased at various dates from
1841 ; 2000 Abyssinian plants, including all the types of his " 1863-68 "
collection, purchased 1869.

Schimper (WILHELM PHILIPP). [1808-80]

"Musci Europaei," 500 specimens (1840), purchased 1844; his
" Pugillus Muscorum Europaeorum," 273 specimens, purchased 1865.

Schinz (HANS). [1858- ]

456 plants from various localities, chiefly South African, acquired by
exchange, 1893-1902.

Schlagintweit, THE BROTHERS.

2,050 plants from the Himalayas and Tibet, purchased 1886, 1900.

Schlechter (FRIEDRICH REICHARDT RUDOLPH). [1872- ]
3,317 South African plants, purchased at various dates from 1893.

Schleicher (J. C.).

Published centuries of Swiss plants, acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.
Schlimm (Louis).

465 plants from New Granada, purchased 1862.

Botany. 181

Sclimitz (FRIEDRICH). [1850-95]

His collection of 7,457 microscope preparations of marine algae, being
the types of his Florideae as classified in Engler and Prantl's " Pflanzen-
familien," purchased 1899.

Schomburgk (Sir ROBERT HERMANN). [1804-65]

2,341 plants from British Guiana, presented at various dates from
1836.

Schonland (SKLMAB). [1860- ]

251 plants from South Africa, presented 1901-2.

Schott (ARTHUR CARL VICTOR). [1814-75]

1,000 plants collected in Yucatan in 1865, purchased 1871.

Schousboe (PETER KOFOD ANKER). [1766-1832]

497 " Algae Schousboeanae," mostly from Tangier, collected by
Schousboe and edited by Kralik and others, purchased 1883 ; 92 phane-
rogams from Morocco, purchased 1873.

Schrenk (ALEXANDER GUSTAV). [1816-76]
151 plants of Dzungaria, purchased 1880.

Schultz (FRIEDRICH WILHELM). [1804-76]

" Flora Germanica et Galliae " (1836-53), continued as " Herbarium
Normale " (1856- ), purchased at various dates.

Schultz (KARL HEINRICH, Bipontinus}. [1805-67]
1,226 Compositae, purchased 1863-72.

Schumann (WALTHER).

208 Mexican plants, purchased 1889.

Schwanecke (CARL). [1821- ]

Mosses of Porto Rico, acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Schweinfurth (GEORG AUGUST). [1836- ]

1,494 plants from East Africa and Arabia, purchased at various
dates from 1867 ; Tirolese plants, collected 1857, acquired with Herb.
Shuttleworth.

Scortechini (BENEDETTO). [1845-86]

237 phanerogams and ferns from Perak, presented 1884-86.

Seemann (BERTHOLD CARL). [1825-71]

450 plants from the South Sea Islands, etc., collected during the
voyage of H.M.S. Herald (1852), and presented by Sir J. Liddell, C.B. ;
594 plants of Fiji (" Plantae Vitienses "), purchased 1861 ; and upwards
of 2,000 species 1'rom Eskimo-land, Panama, Mexico and Hongkong, being
the types of " Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald" purchased 1862 ;
238 plants from Nicaragua, purchased 1867.

Sello or Sellow (FRIEDRICH).

Brazilian plants collected 1815-17; others acquired with Herb.
Shuttleworth, etc.

182 Botany.

Sendtner (OTTO). [1814-59]
Austrian and Dalmatian Muscineae.

Seringe (NICOLAS CHARLES). [1776-1858]

" Mousses Helve'tiques," edition i with 8 decades (1804-6), and edition
ii with 100 specimens (1809) ; series of Viola, with printed tickets and
notes ; acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Seymour (ARTHUR BLISS) and F. S. Earle.

" Economic Fungi," 590 specimens in 11 fascicles with supplement
(1890-99), purchased.

Shakespear (ROGER).

Plants from Jamaica and South America, collected 1777-82, in Herb.
Banks.

Sharpe (DANIEL). [1806-56]

105 plants from Portugal, purchased 1871.

Shaw (G.).

144 Madagascar ferns, purchased 1880.

Sherard (WILLIAM). [1659-1728]
Plants in Herb. Sloane.

Sherring (RICHARD VOWELL).

Collection of ferns from the island of Grenada, presented by the West
India Exploration Committee, 1891.

Shockley (W. H.).

134 plants from North China, presented 1900; 180 plants from
Siberia, presented 1901.

Shoolbred (WILLIAM ANDREW). [1852- ]
204 British plants, presented 1895-98.

Short (CHARLES WILKINS) [1794-1863]

406 plants from Kentucky collected by him, and presented by Sir
John Eichardson, 1860.

Shuttleworth (ROBERT JAMES). [1810-74]

His extensive herbarium, purchased 1877 ; for contents, see p. 105.

Sibthorp (JOHN). [1758-96]
Plants from Greece in Herb. Banks.

Sieber (FRANZ WILHELM). [1789-1844]

Plants from New Holland, Crete, and Martinique, purchased 1872.

Siehe (WALTER).

842 plants from Asia Minor, purchased 1897-99.

Simons (F. A. A.).

82 East African plants, purchased 1877 ; 206 South American plants,
purchased 1879-81.

Botany. 183

Sinclair (ANDREW), [d. 1861]

600 New Zealand plants, purchased 1858.

Sintenis (PAUL).

500 European cryptogams, purchased 1882; 2,077 Oriental plants,
purchased 1884-1902 ; 2,499 plants from Porto Kico, purchased 1899-
1900.

Small (JOHN KUNKEL). [1869- ]

52 " Mosses of the Southern United States," and 58 " Lichens of
North America," purchased 1898.

Smeathman (HENRY), [ft. 1750-87]

Plants from Sierra Leone and West Indies in Herb. Banks.

Smith (A. DONALDSON).

456 plants from East Tropical Africa, presented 1895 anc 1900.

Smith (ANNIE LORRAIN, Miss). [1854- ]

271 British marine algae and 112 slides, presented 1892-94; 84
specimens and 78 microscope-preparations of British micro-fungi, pur-
chased at intervals from 1894 to 1903.

Smith (CHRISTOPHER), [d. 1806?]

Plants collected (with James Wiles) on Bligh's voyage to Otaheite,
1791-93; and plants and drawings from the Moluccas, 1796-1805, in
Herb. Banks.

Smith (CHRISTIAN). [1785-1816]

Plants from Madeira, Teneriffe, etc. (1815), and the Congo (1816),
described by E. Brown in the Appendix to Tuckey's " Narrative of
Expedition to River Zaire," 1818.

Smith (HAMILTON L.).

" Species typicae Diatomacearum," 750 preparations for the microscope,
purchased 1888.

Smith (HERBERT H.) and GEORGE WHITFIELD Smith.

[1860- ]

635 plants from St. Vincent, collected by them, and presented by
the West India Exploration Committee, 1891.

Smith (Sir JAMES EDWARD). [1759-1828]

Plants in Herb. Banks from the Linnean Herbarium acquired by
exchange with Banks.

Smith (JOHN). [1798-1888]

His herbarium, containing upwards of 10,000 ferns and a large
collection of flowering plants, chiefly garden specimens, purchased
1865-66.

Smith (JOHN DONNELL). [1829- ]
670 plants from Guatemala, presented 1900.

Smith (W. E.).

110 plants from Orkney and Shetland, presented 1884.

184 Botany.

Smith (WILLIAM). [1808-57]

His collection of Diatomaceae, comprising 729 slides and 512
diatomaceous earths.

Smith (WORTHINGTON GEOKGE). [1835- ]

304 species of British Fungi, purchased 1871 ; and 47 Fungi and 216
microscope-preparations, acquired at various times, 1877-99.

Societas Unitatis Pratrum (MORAVIAN BRETHREN).

About 500 specimens sent to Banks from Tranquebar, 1775, 1778.
See Journ. Bot. 1902, 388.

Soleirol ( ).

635 Corsican plants, purchased 1858.

Solms-Laubaeh (HERMANN Graf zu). [1842- ]
Algarviau mosses (1866), acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Somerset (MARY), nee Capel, Duchess of BEAUFORT. [1630?-
1714]

Plants from her garden at Badminton in Herb. Sloane.
Sowerby (JAMES). [1757-1822]

His herbarium containing the types of the plants figured in " English
Botany," purchased 1859 ; models of 168 British Fungi, made by Sowerby
during the preparation of his book on "English Fungi." purchased 1844.
A Guide to Sowerby's Models, written by Mr. Worthington G. Smith,
has been published by the Department.

Spegazzini (CARLO). [1858- ]

" Decades Mycologicae Italianae," 120 fungi (1879), purchased 1880,
and "Hongos Sud- Americanos," 5 decades of Argentine fungi (1881),
purchased 1882.

Spruce (RICHARD). [1817-93]

408 mosses and hepatics from the Pyrenees, purchased 1847 ; 4,235
phanerogams and 2,467 cryptogams from the Amazons and Andes,
purchased at various dates from 1851; 850 plants from the Tirol,
purchased 1866.

Statter (JOHN WHEWELL). [1829-96]

980 specimens of Australian and British plants, presented 1902.

Staunton (Sir GEORGE LEONARD). [1737-1801]

A large collection of plants made during Lord Macartney's embassy to
China, 1793, and sent to Banks.

Stenfort (P.).

" Algues marines," 48 French Algae with text (1874), purchased.

Stenhammar (CHRISTIAN). [1783-1866]

" Lichenes Sueciae exsiccati," edition ii, 240 specimens in 8 fascicles
(3860-65), presented by the Council of the Linnean Society in 1896.

Stephani (FRANZ).

11,920 hepatics, being a series of co-types from his herbarium and
illustrating his numerous memoirs, purchased 1895, 1896.

Botany. 185

Stewart (JAMES).

162 plants from Zambesi, purchased 1863.

Strachey (Sir RICHARD) and JAMES EDWARD Winterbottom

[1803-54].

Himalayan herbarium (1,747 species), presented by the East India
Company, 1852.

Stfibfny (V.)

551 plants from Bulgaria, purchased 1894-1902.

Strickland (Lieut. WALTER).

±! 118 plants from West Africa and the Sandwich Islands, presented

1850.

Strickland (W. W.).

202 British and 84 foreign fungi, presented at various times, 1888-
1895.

Sturt (CHARLES). [1796-1869]

Australian plants, acquired with Brown's herbarium.

Suksdorf (WILHELM 1ST.).

674 plants from Washington Territory, purchased 1882-84, and 208
from Colorado, purchased 1886.

Sullivant (WILLIAM STARLING). [1803-73]

"Musci Alleghanienses," containing 215 mosses and 77 hepatics,
acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth in 1877; numerous specimens com-
municated by him to Wilson and to Hampe are now incorporated in the
general collection; "Musci Boreali- American!," edition ii, prepared by
Sullivant and Lesquereux, 536 specimens, purchased 1866.

Swartz (OLOF). [1760-1818]

'**? Plants (mostly from West Indies) in Herb. Banks; Swartz worked in

the Banksian Herbarium in 1786. See Journ. Bot. 1897, 20.

Sydow (PAUL).

" Mycotheca Marchica," 49 centuries of German fungi (1888-99),
purchased (century i was published by Zopf and Sydow) ; " Uredineen,"
1,650 fungi in 33 fascicles (1888, &c.), purchased ; " Ustilagineen," 300
fungi in 6 fascicles (1894, &c.), purchased; " Phycomyceteu und Pro-
tomyceten," 200 fungi in 4 fascicles (1897, &c.), purchased.

Tate (RALPH). [1840-1901]

269 plants from the Shetland Islands, purchased 1865; 323 plants
from Nicaragua, purchased 1869.

Taylor (JAMES).

100 plants from Davis Strait, purchased 1861.

Taylor (THOMAS), [d. 1848]

Numerous types of mosses, hepatics and lichens, acquired with Herb.
Wilson, 1873.

186 Botany.

Taylor (W. E.)

1922 plants from East Tropical Africa, presented at intervals between
1882 and 1888.

Tedlie (HENRY). [1792 1-1818 q

Plants collected during Bowdich's mission to Ashantee ; list on
pp. 470-74 of the published account of the mission.

Tempers (J.)

" Genera des Diatomees," 150 microscope-slides in 6 sets (1888-1900),
acquired with the Deby collection in 1893.

Tempere (J.) & Dutertre (E.).

" Champignons de France," 250 microscope-slides in 10 sets (1892-93),
purchased.

Tempere (J.) & Peragallo (H.).

"Diatomees du monde entier," 625 microscope-slides in 25 Sets
(1889-95), acquired with the Deby collection in 1893.

Tempere (J.) & Petit (PAUL).

"Diatomees de France" (continued by Tempere & Peragallo), 400
microscope-slides (1887-1900), acquired with the Deby collection in 1893.

Tenore (MICHELE). [1780-1861]

Italian plants, acquired with Herb. Shuttle worth.

Thedenius (KNUT FREDRIK). [1814-94]

"Musci Sueciae," fascicles 6 and 7 (1839), forming a continuation of
the set published by Sv. Joh. Lindgren, and subsequently completed by
Sillen, acquired with Herb. Hampe.

Thomas (EMMANUEL) [1788-1859] and PHILIPPE Thomas.

[d. 1831]

Plants collected in Switzerland, Corsica and Sardinia, acquired with
Herb. Shuttleworth.

Thompson (JOHN VAUGHAN). [fl. 1807-29]
Plants from Madagascar.

Thomson (THOMAS). [1817-78]
Indian plants.

See HOOKER and THOMSON.

Threde (H. 0.).

" Algen der Nordsee," 100 specimens in 5 parts (1832-34), acquired
with Herb. Shuttleworth.

Thiimen (Baron FELIX CHARLES VON). [1839-92]

"Fungi Austriaci," 1,300 specimens in centuries (1871-75) ; "Mycotheca
Universalis," 2,300 fungi in centuries (1875-84); "Pilze des Wein-
stockes," 25 fungi (1878) : purchased at various times, 1872-84.

Thunberg (CARL PEHR). [1743-1822]-.
Plants from Japan and the Cape in Herb. Banks.

Botany. 187

Thurn (EVERARD FERDINAND IM).
315 plants from Roraima, presented 1885.

Thurston (EDGAR).

131 Indian marine algae, presented 1889, 1900.

Thwaites (GEORGE HENRY KENDRICK). [1811-62]
2,861 specimens of Ceylon plants.

Tilden (JOSEPHINE E.).

" American Algae," 6 centuries, purchased.

Tindall (ELLA M., Mrs). [1850- ]

267 microscope-preparations of British hepatics, acquired by exchange,
1894, 1895.

Tiselius (GUSTAV AUGUST). [1833- ]

" Potamogetones Suecici exsiccati," purchased 1895-97.

Todaro (AGOSTINO). [1818-92]

Set of Sicilian plants, purchased at various intervals.

Tonduz (ADOLPHE).

878 plants from Costa Rica, purchased 1899-1902.

Tournefort (JOSEPH PITTON DE). [1656-1 708J

Collection from the Levant made about 1702 ; other collections in
Herb. Banks.

Tracy (S. M.).

1,513 plants from Southern United States, purchased 1901-2.

Trail (JAMES WILLIAM HELENUS). [1851- ]
160 palms from the Amazons, presented 1876.

Trevor-Battye (AUBYN BERNARD ROCHFORT).
94 plants from Kolguev, presented 1895.

Triana (Jos^ JERONIMO). [1828-90]

Herbarium of New Grenada plants, containing 4,490 species, pur-
chased 1891.

Trimen (HENRY). [1843-96]

Herbarium of British plants (about 3,000 sheets), presented in 1873,
and specimens from Ceylon, etc., presented at various times.

Trimen (ROLAND). [1840- ]

192 plants from the Cape, presented 1871.

Tuckerman (EDWARD). [1817-86]

20 forms of Potamogeton from Northern United States, presented
1849 ; " Licbenes Americae Septentrionalis," 150 specimens in 6 fascicles
(1848-54), purchased 1875 ; 82 plants of New England, purchased 1875.

Tullidelph (WALTER).

Plants from Antigua, collected 1729, in Herb. Sloane.

188 Botany.

Tweedie (JAMES). [1775-1862]

A collection of Buenos Ayres plants, purchased 1846.

Tyrrel (J. BURR).

125 plants from Klondike, presented 1900.

Tyson (WILLIAM).

401 algae from Cape Colony, presented from time to time, 1891-96.

UleF (ERNESTO).

" Bryotheca Brasiliensis," 2 centuries, purchased in 1891 and 1895 ;
" Herbarium Brasiliense," 445 cryptogams, purchased 1899.

United States Exploring Expedition. [1853-56]
106 lichens from the North Pacific, acquired by exchange 1899.

Uvedale (ROBERT). [1642-1722]

Plants from his garden at Enfield in Herb. Sloane.

Vahl (JENS LORENZ MUESTUE). [1796-1854]

Plants from Iceland, Greenland, etc., acquired with Nolte's herbarium.

Vaillant (SEBASTIEN). [1669-1722]

Plants from the Paris Garden in Herb. Banks.

Van Heurck (HENRI).

400 Belgian plants, purchased 1864-70 ; " Types du Synopsis des
Diatomees de Belgique," 550 microscope-slides in 22 series (1882-85),
purchased.

Veitch (HARRY JAMES). [1840- ]

140 plants from Juan Fernandez, S. America, and Java from various
collectors, presented 1877 ; 40 plants from Costa Rica, presented 1872 ;
species of Nepenthes, presented 1876 and 1878.

Veitch (JAMES HERBERT).

138 plants from West Australia and 72 from Korea, presented 1893.

Vere (JAMES), [fl. 1798]

Plants from his garden at Paddington in Herb. Banks.

Vernon (WILLIAM), [fl. 1688]

Plants from East Indies and Maryland in Herb. Sloane.

Vestergren (TYCHO).

" Micromycetes rariores select! praecipue Scandinavici," 625 specimens
in 25 fascicles (1899, etc.), purchased.

Vieillard (EUGENE DEPLANCHE EMILE). [1824-75]
256 plants from New Caledonia, purchased 1873.

Vienna, K.K. Naturhist. Hofmuseum.

"Kryptogamae exsiccatae," 8 centuries (1894-1902), acquired by
exchange.

Botany. 189

Vize (JOHN EDWARD).

"Fungi Britannici," 2 centuries (1873,1875), bequeathed by C. E,
Broome, 1887 ; " Micro-fungi Britannici," fascicles iv-vi, 300 specimens,
acquired 1899; "Micro-fungi exotici," 40 specimens (1883), acquired
1887.

Vogel (EDUARD). [1829-56]

144 plants from Tripoli and Bornou, presented 1856.

Volkens (W.).

1,173 plants and 68 woods from Kilimanjaro, etc., purchased 1895.

Waghorne (ARTHUR CHARLES).

699 mosses, 597 lichens and 166 fungi of Newfoundland and Labrador,
purchased at various times, 1893-99.

Wagner (HERMANN).

" Cryptogamen-Herbarium," 125 specimens in 5 parts (1854-55);
second series, 100 specimens in 4 parts (1854-62), bequeathed by C. B.
Broome in 1886.

Wagner (J.).

160 plants from the East, purchased 1894.

Wahlenberg (GOKAN). [1780-1851]

Lapland plants acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth ; Norwegian plants
in Herb. Banks.

Wainio (EDVARD AUGUST).

565 " Lichenes Brasilienses," purchased 1892.

Walker (Lieut.-Col GEORGE WARREN), [d. 1844]
305 plants from Singapore and Penang, presented 1862.

Wallace (ALFRED RUSSEL).
Ferns collected in Borneo, 1863.

Wallich (NATHANIEL), olim NATHAN Wolff. [1786-1854]

A collection of East Indian and Malayan plants, presented by the
East India Company at dates from 1829 to 1849 ; 595 South African
plants, presented 1844.

Wallis (GUSTAV). [d. 1878]

Muscineae from the Philippines (1870) and New Granada (1871-75),
acquired with the Hampe and Stephani collections.

Walter (THOMAS). [1 7401-83]

His herbarium (1786-88) containing many of the plants described in
his " Flora Caroliniana " (1788) : it was presented by him to John Eraser,
whose son gave it to the Linnean Society in 1849, and it was purchased
for the Department at the sale of the Society's surplus collections in 1863.

Ward (NATHANIEL BAGSHAW). [1791-1868]
Collections from his executors, 1869, see p. 99.

190 Botany.

Warnstorf (GAEL).

" Europaische Torfmoose," series i-iv (1888-1894), 238 specimens,
purchased 1900; " Deutschlands Lebermoose," 93 specimens (c. 1880),
purchased.

Warren (JOHN B. L.).

See DE TABLET.
Wartmann (BERNHARD) [1830-1902] and B. Schenk.

" Schweizerische Kryptogamen," 700 specimens in 14 fascicles
(1862-69), purchased 1872 and 1896 ; also centuries viii and ix (1880,
1882), edited by B. Wartmann and G. Winter, purchased 1896.

Watt (GEORGE). [1851- ]

74 species of Indian plants, presented 1886 ; Diatomaceae and other
fresh-water algae collected by him in the Manipur expedition, presented
1887.

Weale (JAMES PHILIP MANSEL).

Asclepiadaceae and Orchidaceae from Cape Colony, presented 1877.
Weathers (JOHN). [1867- ]

545 specimens and sketches of orchids, purchased 1897.
Webb (PHILIP BARKER). [1773-1854]

298 Canarian plants, presented 1844-45.
Webster (LEONARD).

270 plants from West Australia, purchased 1902.
Weddell (HUGH ALGERNON). [1819-77]

213 lichens from his herbarium, presented 1874.
Weir (JOHN), [d. 1898]

390 mosses, chiefly South American, purchased 1871 ; 64 lichens and
74 New Granadan, and 51 Brazilian phanerogams, purchased 1872 ; also
plants from Miers's herbarium.

Welwitsch (FRIEDRICH MARTIN JOSEF). [1806-72]

1701 Portuguese plants, purchased 1848-58.

The second set of his collections in Angola, etc., was acquired by the
Trustees in 1876, in accordance with a decision of the Court of Chancery.
These specimens are the types for the Catalogue of his plants prepared in
the Herbarium by Mr. W. P. Hiern, Dr. Eendle, and other botanists, and
issued by the Trustees in 1896-1901.

West (WILLIAM). [1875-1901]

893 microscope-preparations of British fresh-water algae, purchased
from time to time, 1898-1900.

Westendorp (GERARD DANIELL) and Wallays (A. E. F.).

" Herbier Cryptogamique," 1,400 Belgian cryptogams in 28 fascicles
(1845-60), purchased 1871.

Weymouth (W. A.).

100 species of mosses from Tasmania, presented 1897.
Wheler (Sir GEORGE). [1650-1724]

Plants from Greece in Herb. Sloane.

Botany. 191

Whitehead (JOHN). [1860-99]

Collections of plants from the Philippines, presented 1895, 1897.

Whitfield (THOMAS).

90 plants from West Tropical Africa, presented 1843-48.

Whitmee (S. J.).

52 plants from Ellice and Gilbert groups, 370 from Samoa, 148 from
Lifu, Loyalty Islands ; purchased 1 878.

Whyte (ALEXANDER).

220 plants from Milanji, E. Tropical Africa, enumerated and described
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot., Ser. 2, vol. iv.

Wickham (Copt. B.N.).

170 Australian plants, presented 1842.

Wight (ROBERT). [1696-1872]

1100 Indian plants, purchased 1869.
Wiles (JAMES), [fl. 1790-1805]

Plants collected (with Christopher Smith) on Bligh's voyage to
Otaheite, 1791-93.

Wilkinson (Sir JOHN GARDNER). [1797-1875]

400 species collected by him in Egypt, presented 1834.
Willkomm (HEINRICH MORITZ). [1821-95]

Spanish plants acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth.
Wilms (FRIEDRICH).

2,073 South African plants, purchased 1898-1900.
Wilson (JOHN BRACEBRIDGE). [1828-95]

523 Australian algae, presented 1885-93 ; his collection of Victorian
algae, containing 1,485 specimens and 140 microscope-slides, purchased
1896.

Wilson (WILLIAM). [1799-1871]

His herbarium of British and exotic mosses and hepatics, consisting of
upwards of 50,000 specimens, critically annotated and illustrated with
innumerable pencil drawings. This large and important collection was
purchased in 1873 ; in it are contained the materials upon which
Wilson based his " Bryologia Britannica " (1855) and his descriptions of
the mosses of Ross's Antarctic expedition, Seemann's "Voyage of the
Herald," Drummond's mosses of the Southern United States, and other
collections; also numerous authentic specimens of the greatest utility
from notable herbaria, and gatherings of mosses from most parts of the
world (cf. Journal of Botany, 1875, p. 180). In 1874 Wilson's lichens
and fungi and supplementary mosses were purchased; in 1900, 437 of
his British mosses were acquired by exchange from Warrington Museum.

Wimmer (FRIEDRICH). [1803-68]

272 specimens of Salices, purchased 1871.
Winterbottom (JAMES EDWARD). [1803-54]

See STRACHEY.

192 Botany.

Wirtgen (PHILIPP). [1806-71]

732 critical plants from the Rhine region, purchased 1863-70.

Wittrock (VBIT BKECHER). [1839- ]
Set of critical Erythraeae, purchased 1886-91.

Wittrock (V. B.), O. Nordstedt, and NILS GUSTAP Lager-

heim. [1860- ]

"Algae aquae dulcis exsiccatae praecipue Scandinavicae," 1,400
specimens in 29 fascicles (1877-96), purchased 1878-97. Lagerheim's
connection with this set began with fasc. 26.

Wolley-Dod (Major ANTHONY HUNT).

1,866 South African plants, presented 1898-1902.

Woloszczak (EUSTACHE).

" Flora Polonica exsiccata," purchased.

Wood (HENRY HAYTON). [1825-82]

Collection of mosses, chiefly British, purchased 1883.

Wood (JAMES MEDLEY).

2,339 South African plants presented and acquired by exchange from
1884 to 1901.

Woolward (FLORENCE, Miss).

Specimens of Masdevallia, presented 1889-99.

Wooton (ELMER 0.).

428 Mexican plants, purchased 1901.

Wright (CHARLES). [1811-85]

1,369 plants of New Mexico, purchased 1850-53 ; 2,127 phanerogams
of Cuba, purchased 1865.

Wright (EDWARD PERCEVAL). [1834- ]
Plants from the Seychelles, presented 1871.

Wright (WILLIAM). [1735-1819]
Jamaica plants in Herb. Banks.

Wyatt (MARY, Mrs.).

" Algae Damnonienses," 237 specimens, chiefly from Devonshire,
issued in 4 fascicles and a supplement (c. 1833-40), partly purchased
from Mrs. Griffiths in 1852 and the rest acquired with Herb. Shuttleworth
in 1877.

Yates (JAMES). [1789-1871]

Collection of Cycadaceae, presented 1866.

Yerbury (Major).

57 plants from Aden, presented 1884-85.

Young (ALFRED PRENTICE). [1841- ]

A large collection of Indian plants, presented 1884.

Botany. 193

Young (JAMES FORBES). [1796-1860]

His British herbarium and collection of cryptogams, transferred from
the Kew Herbarium, 1884.

Young (WILLIAM), [fl. 1753-84]

Folio volume of Carolina plants collected in 1767 ; figures of the same
in another volume.

Zenker (GEORG).

1,515 plants from the Cameroons, purchased 1897-1902.

Zetterstedt (JOHAN EMANUEL). [1828-80]

" Grimmieae et Andreaeae exsiccatae," 50 critical specimens, chiefly
Scandinavian, acquired with Herb. Wilson in 1874.

Zetterstedt (J. E.) and Wickbom (J. A. O.).

50 phanerogams and 75 cryptogams of Scandinavia, purchased 1871.

Zetterstedt (J. E. and P. L.).

Published set of Norwegian phanerogams.

Zeyher (KARL LUDWIG PHILIPP). [1799-1858]

1,500 plants from South Africa, purchased 1846.
Zier (JOHN), [d. 1796]

Herbarium and MSS. acquired by exchange from New College, Edin-
burgh. See Journ. Bot. 1886, 101.

Zimmermann (OSKAR EMIL RHEINHOLD). [d. 1903]

120 microscope-slides of fungi, purchased 1880.

Zimmermann (ALBRECHT).

180 Siamese plants, purchased 1901.

Zollinger (HEINRICH). [1818-59]
697 plants of Java, purchased 1857-58.

GEORGE MURRAY.

THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY.

o 2

THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY.

1. GENERAL SKETCH.

The collection of fossils was originally assigned to the com-
prehensive Department of Natural History, which remained
undivided until 1837, when Mr. Charles Konig, who had been
Keeper since 1813, was relieved of the care of Zoology and
Botany, and became Keeper of the newly-formed Department of
Geology and Mineralogy. He had already displayed a predilec-
tion for organic remains, having published an account of the
fossil human skeleton from Guadaloupe in the Philosophical
Transactions for 1814, and an illustrated work on some of the
fossils in the British Museum under the title " Icones Fossilium
Sectiles " (London, 1820). Mr. Konig was succeeded as Keeper
by Mr. George Robert Waterhouse in 1851 ; and the Depart-
ment gained additional strength by the appointment of Professor
(afterwards Sir Richard) Owen as Superintendent of the Natural
History Departments in 1856. With the help of Dr. Samuel P.
Woodward, who had been Assistant since 1848, and Mr. William
Davies, who had been an Attendant in the Museum since 1843,
the collection of fossils and minerals had now become so
important, that in 1857 the Department was further sub-divided
into those of Geology and Mineralogy, Mr. Waterhouse
retaining the Keepership only of the former. Immediately
afterwards, in 1858, Dr. Henry Woodward was appointed an
Assistant, and on the death of Dr. S. P. Woodward in 1865, he
became chiefly responsible for the arrangement of the Inverte-
brata, and devoted himself specially to researches on the
Arthropoda. Mr. William Davies was occupied with the
arrangement of the Vertebrata, working chiefly in association
with Professor Owen, and in 1875 he was promoted to the rank
of Assistant. On the retirement of Mr. Waterhouse in 1880,
Dr. Henry Woodward became Keeper of the Department of
Geology ; and the removal of the collection to the new Natural

198 Geology.

History Museum at South Kensington then afforded the much-
needed space for expansion. In 1881 Mr. Robert Etheridge
was transferred from the Geological Survey to fill the newly-
established office of Assistant-Keeper of Geology, and the staff
assumed its present number, namely, a Keeper, an Assistant-
Keeper, and four Assistants. Mr. Etheridge retired in 1891
after accomplishing much work on the collection of British fossil
Invertebrata, and was succeeded as Assistant-Keeper by Dr.
Arthur Smith Woodward, who had been an Assistant since
1882, occupied with the arrangement of the fossil Vertebrata in
general and the cataloguing of the fossil Fishes in particular.
Dr. Henry Woodward retained the Keepership until the end of
the century, installed the collection in the new Galleries, and
arranged for the publication of a long series of Catalogues,
especially of the fossil Vertebrata, which added greatly to the
value and usefulness of the Department.

Naturally the collection of fossils increased slowly at first,
but during recent years its growth has amply kept pace with
the more rapid progress of discovery and research. The first
important addition to the original Sloane cabinet was Brander's
collection of Upper Eocene shells from the Hampshire cliffs
received in 1766. In 1813 it was enriched by the fossil man
from Guadaloupe, which was deemed one of the most startling
discoveries of the time. In 1818 to 1822 Cuvier made some
donations to illustrate his work on fossil bones, which was then
attracting universal attention. Mantell similarly presented
specimens to explain his pioneer discoveries in Sussex, until his
whole Museum was purchased by the Trustees in 1839. The
unexpected discovery of a hyaena den at Kirkdale, Yorkshire,
made classic by Buckland's description, was illustrated imme-
diately by a donation from Messrs. Salmond and Gibson in 1823.
The equally remarkable discoveries of marine reptiles in the Lias
of Dorsetshire and Somersetshire were to be best appreciated
by a study of the collection of Thomas Hawkins, which was
purchased in 1834 and 1840. An Irish Deer was first mounted
in the Museum in 1844, and the American Mastodon was
acquired in the same year. At this period, indeed, the exhibition
of extinct animals was beginning to be imposing, as may be
realised by a reference to the early popular writings of Mantell.

At the same time, stratigraphical geology and fossil Inverte-
brata were by no means neglected. In 1816 the Museum was
fortunate enough to obtain the original collection of fossils made

Geology. 199

by William Smith, the "Father of English Geology," to
illustrate his work " Strata Identified by Organized Fossils,"
which was published in the same year. Private collections, like
that of Gilbertson, were also acquired in rapid succession. The
most important addition of this kind was James Sowerby's
Collection, which was purchased in 1860, and contained most
of the original British fossils described in his "Mineral Con-
chology."

As the British Dependencies and Colonies were gradually
explored, nearly all the pioneer collections of fossils reached the
Museum. Cautley presented his Vertebrata from the Siwalik
Formation of India in 1840; Bain, Atherstone, and others sent
fossil Reptilia from the Karoo Formation of South Africa ; Sir
Thomas Mitchell, Sir Daniel Cooper, Dr. George Bennett,
Mr. G. F. Bennett, and others contributed extinct Marsupials
and other Vertebrata from Australia ; while the Hon. Walter
Mantell and many other explorers in New Zealand sent
important collections of remains of the extinct birds of that
country. The Department of Geology, in fact, now comprises
most of the original type-specimens of the fossil Vertebrata
discovered in the British possessions.

Discoveries abroad have also received much attention, and
among unique acquisitions may be enumerated the Pomel and
Bravard Collections of French Tertiary Vertebrata purchased in
1851-52, the Archseopteryx purchased in 1862, the Van Breda
Collection of Maastricht and other fossils purchased in 1871,
and the Forsyth Major collection of Lower Pliocene Mammalia
from Samos purchased in 1889-90. Even the Arctic Regions
are well represented by fossils collected by the Nares expedition
in 1875-76, by the McCormick Collection bequeathed in 1890,
and by the Spitzbergen fossils obtained by Dr. J. W. Gregory
during the Conway Expedition in 1896.

During recent years many classic collections made by British
palaeontologists have been acquired by the Department of
Geology. Among these are the Egerton and Enniskillen
Collections of fossil Fishes; the Leeds Collection of Oxfordian
Reptilia ; the Davidson Collection of Brachiopoda ; the Brodie
Collection of fossil Insects ; the Nicholson Collection of Stroma-
toporoids ; the Williamson Collection of Carboniferous Plant-
sections ; and the Rufford Collection of Wealden Plants ;
besides several others of less extent.

200 Geology.

2. A CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OP THE PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS
TO THE COLLECTION OP FOSSILS IN THE DEPARTMENT OP
GEOLOGY TO THE END OP 1900.

The following list of acquisitions, arranged in chronological
order, includes only those collections and noteworthy specimens
which have proved of special importance in the progress of
Palaeontology or are associated with its history. The records of
the early years are unfortunately very incomplete. Under each
of the later years, important general collections (if any) are
mentioned first, while the other acquisitions are recorded approxi-
mately in zoological order, beginning with the Mammalia.

1753.

The collection of fossils was begun by that contained in the
Museum of Sir Hans Sloane, Bart., which in this year was
purchased for the nation and formed the foundation of the
British Museum.

1759.

On January 15th, the collections having been removed to
Montague House, the Museum was opened for study and public
inspection.

1763.

A piece of silicified wood from Antigua was presented by
Mr. Andrew Lessly. Tertiary shells from Sicily were presented
by Mr. Thomas Hollis of Corscombe, Dorset.

1766.

The series of Eocene shells and other remains from the
Hampshire cliffs, collected and presented to the Museum by
Gustavus Brander, F.R.S., was completed this year, and described
in a special work by Dr. Solander ("Fossilia Hantoniensia, &c.,"
1776).

1767.

Some remains of Mastodon americanus, from the banks of the
river Ohio, U.S.A., and a molar tooth of Mastodon humboldti,

Geology. 201

from an unknown locality in South America, were presented by
the Earl of Shelburne. A mandibular ramus of M. americanus
in this collection was described and figured by John Hunter,
Phil Trans., vol. Iviii. (1768), p. 34, pi. iv., figs. 1, 3; while
the South American tooth was subsequently figured by Falconer
and Cautley, " Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis," pi. xl., fig. 10, under
the name of M. andium.

1781.

The Royal Society's collection of "natural and artificial
curiosities," presented to the Museum this year, comprised
several fossils.

1784.

A mandibular ramus of Mosasaurus camperi, from the Upper
Cretaceous of Maastricht, was presented by Dr. Peter Camper,
through Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.

1791.

A pair of antlers of Irish deer (Cervus giganteus), from
Ireland, was presented by Lord Cremorne.

1795.

Tertiary shells and corals from Jamaica were presented by
Dr. Broughton.

1799.

The bequest of Rev. Mordaunt Cracherode, containing many
common fossils, was received.

1813.

A human skeleton in coral limestone from Guadaloupe, West
Indies, captured on the taking of the Island from the French by
Sir Alexander Cochrane, R.N., was presented by the Lords of
the Admiralty. This specimen was described by Mr. C. Konig
in Phil. Trans., vol. civ. (1814), p. 107, pi. lii.

A skull of Rhinoceros antiquitatis from Siberia, was presented
by Mr. Charles Elter.

1816.

Fossils from Wiltshire were presented by Miss Etheldred
Benett. They included sponges from the Upper Greensand of
Warminster, figured in a small work by the donor.

The British fossils collected by William Smith to illustrate
his "Strata Identified by Organized Fossils" (1816), were
purchased.

202 Geology.

1817.

Miss Benett's donation was continued.

" Specimens illustrative of the Mineral Geography of the
South Downs, from G. A. Mantell, Esq." — apparently Dr.
Mantell's first donation.

"Four large specimens of Ichthyolites from Loughborough "
(probably Dapedius orbis from the Lower Lias of Barrow-on-
Soar), were presented by the Countess of Aylesford.

Cretaceous fishes from the Lebanon were collected and
presented by Lady Esther Stanhope.

A skull of Bos primigenius from Athol, Perthshire, was
presented by Mr. David Inglis, and subsequently described
and figured in Owen's " British Fossil Mammals and Birds,"
pp. 501-2, figs. 208, 210.

1818.

Miss Benett's donation was continued.

Various fossil remains from the Gypsum Quarries near Paris,
were presented by the Administration of the Jardin des Plantes,
through Baron Cuvier.

1819.

Part of the vertebral column of Ichthyosaurus, from Lower
Lias, Lyme Regis, was presented by Sir Everard Home, Bart.
Dr. Mantell's donation was continued.

1822.

Tertiary shells from Barbados were presented by Mr. G. B.
Greenough.

A series of coloured plaster casts of mammals from the Paris
Gypsum, preserved in the Paris Museum of Natural History, and
described and figured in Cuvier's " Ossements Fossiles," was
presented by Baron Cuvier.

Fossil bones obtained by Mr. Whidbey from the cavern of
Oreston, near Plymouth, were presented by Mr. William Clift.
This is part of the first collection of cavern remains made in
England.

1823.

Miss Benett's donation was continued.

Fossil remains from the Kirkdale Cave, Vale of Pickering,
Yorkshire, were presented by Messrs. William Salmond and
John Gibson.

Geology. 203

1824.

Mr. Gibson's donation was continued.

Shells from the Crag of Suffolk and Norfolk were presented
by Rev. G. R. Leathes.

1825.

Among the donations were :

A tooth of Iguanodon in Wealden sandstone, from Mr. M. B.
Durrant ; plaster casts of teeth of Iguanodon, from Dr. G. A.
Mantell ; and " A new variety of the Nave Encrinite," from
Mr. George Cumberland of Bristol.

1826.

A specimen of Ichthyosaurus from the Lias of Balderton,
Nottinghamshire, was presented by Dr. Bland.

1827.

A Paramoudra (large flint) from the Chalk of Norfolk was
presented by Rev. John Gunn.

The Sommering collection was purchased.

1828.

Further donations were received from Dr. G. A. Mantell.

Mr. J. S. Pratt of Bath, presented a specimen of the
Lansdown Encrinite, described by Dr. J. E. Gray as Apiocrinites
pratti.

Fossils from the Braunston Crag, and fossil wood from the
submerged forest of the Norfolk coast, were presented by Mr.
Samuel Woodward of Norwich.

Tertiary wood from Antigua was presented by Mr. J. A.
Wood.

Bivalve shells from the Coal-Measures of Newcastle, were
presented by Mr. W. Norris of Bury.

1829.

Three teeth of Iguanodon in Wealden sandstone from Sussex,
were presented by Dr. G. A. Mantell.

Freshwater marl from the Isle of Wight containing seed-
vessels of Chara, was presented by Mr. (afterwards Sir) Charles
Lyell.

Fossil plants from the Lower Oolites of Scarborough, were
presented by Mr. John Williamson.

204 Geology.

1830.

Mammalian remains from Kent's Cavern, Torquay, were
presented by Rev. J. M'Enery.

Nine fossil corals were presented by Mr. S. P. Pratt.

A fossil cycad from Portland was presented by Miss Benett.

1831.

Tertiary shells from Italy, were presented by the Marquess
of Northampton.

A Pentacrinite from Farleigh, near Bath, was presented by
Miss Benett.

1833.

Further donations were made by Dr. G. A. Mantell.
Fossils from the London Clay of Highgate Archway were
presented by Mr. N. T. Wetherell.

1834.

A collection of Liassic Ichthyosaurs and Plesiosaurs, illus-
trative of Hawkins' "Memoirs on Ichthyosauri" (1834), was
purchased from Mr. Thomas Hawkins.

Plaster casts of the more important bones of Megatherium in
the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, were presented by
the President and Council of the College.

Plaster casts of North American Trilobites, described in a
Monograph by Jacob Green, M.D., were presented by Richard
Harlan, M.D., and Jacob Green, M.D., of Philadelphia.

Secondary fossils, chiefly from Purbeck, were presented by
Mr. (afterwards Sir) W. C. Trevelyan.

The John Finch Collection of Tertiary Mollusca from Mary-
land, described by Thomas Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. PMlad.,
vol. iv. (1824), pp. 124-155, pis. vii.-xiii., was purchased.

1835.

Coal-plants from Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, were presented
by Mr. J. B. Ford.

Fossils from the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire were
presented by the Marchioness of Hastings.

1836.

Silurian Trilobites were presented by the Earl of Cawdor
and Thomas A. Knight, Esq.

Geology. 205

1837.

A further series of Mammalian bones and teeth from the
Kirkdale Cave, Yorkshire, was presented by Mr. W. Salmond.

The first instalment of a collection of Mammalia (Dlno-
therium, Mastodon, <tc.), from the Lower Pliocene of Eppelsheim,
was purchased from Dr. Kaup.

Some fish-remains from the Oligocene of Canton Glarus,
Switzerland, were purchased through Prof. L. Agassiz.

Numerous German Triassic and Jurassic fossils were purchased
from Dr. Braun. Some English and French Jurassic and
Cretaceous fossils were presented by Sir Henry T. De la Beche.
A few Palaeozoic fossils, chiefly Brachiopods, from Tasmania,
were purchased from Dr. J. Lhotzky.

1839.

The most important event of this year was the purchase of
the collection of Wealden and Cretaceous fossils of Dr. Gideon
A. Mantell, which had for some time been exhibited as the
Mantellian Museum in Brighton.

More German Jurassic fossils were purchased from Dr.
Braun. A few Invertebrata, chiefly Lamellibranchs and Echino-
derms, from the Tertiary of Malta, were presented by Miss
Emilie Attersol.

A few Cretaceous plant-remains from the Iguanodon quarry
at Maidstone, were presented by Mr. W. H. Bensted. Lower
Jurassic plant-remains from Yorkshire, were purchased from Dr.
Peter Murray of Scarborough.

A collection of silicified fern-stems (Psaronius, &c.) from the
Permian of Saxony, including the originals of Cotta's " Die
Dendrolithen " (1832), was purchased from Dr. C. Bernhard
Cotta.

1840.

The additions to the collection of fossil Vertebrata were
specially remarkable this year.

The extensive series of remains of Tertiary Mammalia
collected in the Siwalik Hills, India, by Major (afterwards
Colonel Sir) Proby T. Cautley, was presented by him to the
Museum.

Additional Liassic Ichthyosaurs and Plesiosaurs, illustra-
tive of Hawkins' "Book of the Great Sea Dragons" (1840),
were purchased from Mr. Thomas Hawkins. The type-specimen
of Plesiosaurus rugosus, Owen, from the Lower Lias of Granby,

206 Geology.

Nottinghamshire, was presented by the Duke of Rutland.
Specimens of Ichthyosaurus, from the Upper Lias of Whitby, were
also purchased.

Among fishes, the unique type-specimen of Holoptychius
nobilissimus, Agassiz, from the Upper Old Red Sandstone of
Perthshire, was purchased from Rev. James Noble. A slab of
Keuper Sandstone from Coburg, exhibiting several specimens
of Dictyopyge socialis, was also purchased.

A fine slab of Lower Lias from Watchett, Somersetshire,
covered with "aggregated iridescent ammonites" (Psiloceras
planorbis), was acquired by purchase.

1841.

Remains of the cave bear (Ursus spelseus) from the Sophia
Cavern, Muggendorf, Franconia, were purchased through the
Earl of Enniskillen. Bones of Pleistocene Mammalia from the
caverns of Minas Geraes, Brazil, were purchased from Mr.
Claussen. Fragments of Mastodon, <kc., from Burma and from
Perim Island, Gulf of Cambay, were presented respectively by
Lieut. -Col. Burney and Miss Pepper.

The type-skull of Steneosaurus brevior, Tate and Blake, from
the Upper Lias of Whitby, was purchased from Mr. Ripley.

A slab of Petworth marble, from the Wealden of Sussex,
was presented by Mr. George Thornton.

The Gilbertson Collection of Carboniferous fossils from
Lancashire and Yorkshire, was acquired by purchase for the
Department of Zoology.

1842.

The MacEnery Collection of Pleistocene Mammalian remains
from Kent's Cavern, Torquay, was purchased at a sale. Skulls
of male and female Irish Deer (Cervus giganteus), from Ireland,
were purchased through the Earl of Enniskillen.

A skeleton of Pelagosaurus brongniarti, a head of Ichthyo-
saurus, and other fossils from the Upper Lias of Whitby, were
purchased from Mr. Ripley.

1843.

A skeleton of the Irish Deer (Cervus giganteus), composed of
the bones of several individuals, was presented by the Ven.
Archdeacon Maunsell, and first mounted for exhibition in the

Geology. 207

following year. Some Mammalian remains from Kent's Cavern,
Torquay, were purchased from Mr. Heggerty.

Miss Baker's collection of Jurassic fossils and Pleistocene
bones from Northamptonshire, was acquired by purchase.

A few fossil Mollusca from Cutch were presented by Lieut. T.
Postans.

1844.

The most important acquisition of this year was the series of
remains of Mastodon americanus from Missouri, purchased from
Mr. Koch.

A further collection of fossil Mammalia from the caverns of
Minas Geraes, Brazil, was purchased from Mr. Claussen.

The Rev. C. Green's collection of Mammalian and other
remains from the Forest Bed and other superficial deposits of
the Norfolk coast, was acquired by purchase. Some Pleistocene
Mammalia from the Thames Valley were purchased from Mr.
Ball.

A fine slab of Triassic flagstone from Turner's Falls, Massa-
chusetts, U.S.A., showing tridactyle footprints, was purchased
from Dr. Deane.

1845.

A very extensive collection of Pleistocene Mammalia from
the province of Buenos Ayres, Argentina, purchased from Senor
de Angelis, included among other specimens the greater part of
the skeleton of Megatherium americanum, and a unique skull and
mandible of Mastodon (andium or humboldti).

The unique skull of Elephas ganesa, with large tusks, from
the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India, was presented by
Captain (afterwards General Sir) William Erskine Baker, and
was mounted for exhibition in the following year. A skull of
Elephas insignis, also from the Siwalik Hills, was presented by
Dr. Hugh Falconer.

A further purchase of fossil Mammalia from Eppelsheim was
made from Dr. Kaup. A few Pleistocene Mammalian remains
from Kent's Cavern, Torquay, were presented by Rev. Upton
Richards.

Bones of Dinornithidse from New Zealand were purchased
from Mr. Percy Earl.

Numerous small purchases from dealers added much to the
collection of fossil fishes.

A selection of miscellaneous Jurassic fossils from the collec-

208 Geology.

tion of Dr. James R. Johnson, of Hot Wells, Bristol, includ-
ing the type-specimen of Pentacrinus johnsoni, was acquired by
purchase.

Portions of Pterygotus anglicus from the Old Red Sandstone
of Forfarshire, were presented by Mr. (afterwards Sir) Charles
Lyell.

1846.

Important remains of Halliherium schinzi, from the Lower
Miocene of Hesse Darmstadt, were purchased from Dr. Kaup.
Many Pleistocene Mammalia from Essex were also acquired by
purchase.

The type-skull of Crocodilus spenceri, from the London Clay
of Sheppey, was purchased from Mr. E. Spencer. Two slabs of
Triassic flagstone with Reptilian footprints (Brontozoum gigan-
teum) from Greenfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A., were purchased
from Miss Baker.

The type-specimen of Cephalaspis lyelli, from the Lower Old
Red Sandstone of Glammis, Forfarshire, was presented by Mr.
(afterwards Sir) Charles Lyell. The type-specimen of Lepidotus
fittoni, from the Wealden of Sussex, was presented by Mr. W. J.
Martin.

Some Australian Palaeozoic Brachiopoda, collected by Dr.
Jeunneret, were presented by Lord Stanley.

A fine specimen of Stigmaria ficoides, from Coal Measures,
near Nottingham, was presented by the Duke of Rutland.

1847.

The collection of Tertiary Mammalia from Hesse Darmstadt,
especially from Eppelsheim, received important additions by
purchase from Dr. Kaup. Additional Pleistocene Mammalia from
the Thames Valley, were also acquired by purchase. Remains of
Elephas and Zeuglodon from Texas, U.S.A., were purchased at a
public auction. The skull of the large Bubalus palseindicus, and
other Pleistocene Mammalian remains from the Narbada Valley
India, were presented by Mr. Charles Fraser. The type-skull of
Mastodon perimensis, from the Pliocene of Perim Island, Gulf of
Cambay, was presented by Captain G. Fulljames.

A fine skeleton of Stcneosaurus bollensis, from the Upper Lias
of Boll, Wurtemberg, was purchased from Dr. Kaup.

Fossil fishes from the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland, were
presented by Dr. Hugh Falconer and Mr. (afterwards Sir)

Geology. 209

Norman M'Leod. Some fish-remains from the Siwalik forma-
tion were presented by Major (afterwards Colonel Sir) Proby T.
Cautley.

A collection of Miocene shells and corals from Touraine, was
purchased from Mr. Mathieu. Specimens of amber from the
Baltic coast, containing insects and plant-remains, were pui*-
chased from Dr. Berendt.

1848.

Another instalment of Mr. Charles Fraser's donation of
Indian fossil Mammalia was received. A few Mammalian
remains from Perim Island, Gulf of Cambay, were presented by
Dr. Buist.

A large collection of Lower Tertiary Mammalia, with a few
other vertebrate remains, from Auvergne, France, was purchased
from the Abbe Croizet.

Remains of an ostrich, Struthio asiaticus, from the Pliocene of
the Siwalik Hills, India, were presented by Colonel Colvin. A
large series of bones of Dinornithidse, Aptornis, and other birds,
collected by the Hon. Walter B. D. Mantell in the superficial
deposits of New Zealand, was acquired by purchase.

The type-specimen of Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus, from the
Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, was purchased at the sale of the late
Duke of Buckingham. Some Cheirotherian footprints from the
Trias of Cheshire, were purchased from Mrs. E. Slone.

A large and miscellaneous collection of fossils, chiefly from
Germany and France, was purchased from Mr. Paul Mohr. It
included a slab of Upper Lias from Wiirtemberg covered with
fine examples of Pentacrinus.

A few British Palaeozoic Brachiopoda were presented by Dr.
Thomas Davidson. Some Palaeozoic Brachiopoda from the Arctic
Regions were presented by Sir John Richardson.

Some rock-specimens with fossil Mollusca and silicifiecl wood,
from the interior of Northern Australia, were presented by Sir
Thomas Mitchell.

1849.

The first instalment of a large collection of British fossils,
chiefly Jurassic and Cretaceous, was purchased from Mr. William
Cunnington. Invertebrata from the Upper Greensand of War-
minster, were purchased from Mr. John Baker.

Some Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca from Copford, Essex,
VOL. i. p

210 Geology.

were presented by Mr. John Brown, of Stanway. Upper Liassic
Brachiopoda from Ilminster, were presented by Mr. Charles
Moore. A few fossils, chiefly Brachiopoda, from the Wenlock
Limestone, were presented by Mr. John Gray, of Hagley.

A series of Tertiary invertebrate fossils from Sind, India,
was presented by Captain (afterwards General Sir) William
Erskine Baker.

1850.

The most important general collection acquired during this
year was that of Frederic Dixon, of Worthing, purchased from
his executors. It consists chiefly of fossils from the Chalk and
Eocene formations of Sussex, and includes many specimens
described and figured in Dixon's " Geology and Fossils of
Sussex."

Among Vertebrata, Mr. Searles Wood presented his valuable
collection of Reptilian and Mammalian remains from the Upper
Eocene (or Oligocene) of Hordwell Cliff, Hampshire, including
several described and figured specimens. Capt. Kellett and
Lieut. Wood presented a series of Pleistocene Mammalia from
Kotzebue Sound, Alaska ; and Mr. D. Sharpe presented a few
similar remains from Erith, Kent, and Grays, Essex. The restored
model of the shell of the giant tortoise, Colossochelys atlas, from
the Pliocene of India, was completed under the direction of Dr.
Hugh Falconer, and prepared for exhibition.

Mr. S. P. Pratt presented Hippurites and Sphaerulites from the
Cretaceous of France. Miscellaneous purchases included Miocene
fossils from Malta, Chalk fossils from Kent and Norfolk, Oxford
Clay fossils from Wiltshire, Silurian Trilobites and Crinoids
from Dudley, and Devonian Corals and Stromatoporoids from
Devonshire.

1851.

The Pomel Collection of fossil Vertebrata, chiefly Mammalia,
from the freshwater Tertiaries of Central France, including some
described and figured specimens, was an important acquisition by
purchase. A few similar Mammalian remains from the Mayence
Basin were also purchased. Some well-preserved fishes of the
genera Palseobalistum and Prelates, from the Upper Chalk of
Mont Aime, Marne, France, were purchased from Baron Ponsort.
An ischium apparently of Megalosaurus, from the Stonesfield
Slate, was presented by Mrs. Townsend.

Dr. J. J. Bigsby presented an important collection of Palaeo-

Geology. 211

zoic Invertebrata from various localities in North America ; and
Mr. J. N. Pearson gave some Ordovician brachiopods, corals,
tfec., from Cincinnati, Ohio. The purchase of the Klipstein
Collection added a valuable series of Invertebrata from the St.
Cassian beds of the Tyrol, including specimens described in
Klipstein's " Beitrage zur geologischen Kenntniss der Oestlichen
Alpen," 1843. Among miscellaneous purchases, the acquisitions
of Jurassic Invertebrata from France are noteworthy.

1852.

The general collection of about 2000 fossils bequeathed by
Miss Cowderoy was received this year. It is especially rich in
Eocene and Oligocene Mollusca from Hampshire and the Isle of
Wight.

Among Vertebrata, the most conspicuous donation was that
of the " Fossil Fox of Oeningen " (Galecynus oeningensis, Owen),
from Sir Roderick I. Murchison. About 300 mammalian remains
from the Pleistocene of Essex, including some unique described
and figured specimens, were presented by Mr. John Brown, of
Stanway. A large collection of Mammalian remains from the
Tertiary and Pleistocene beds of France was purchased from Mr.
Auguste Bravard. Fossil fishes from the Miocene of Oran,
Algeria, were purchased.

Among Invertebrata, Sir Robert Schomburgk presented a
good collection of Tertiary shells and rock-specimens from San
Domingo, West Indies. Mr. Charles Darwin presented two
South American fossil brachiopods, described in his " South
America." Mr. George Tate, of Alnwick, presented some Car-
boniferous and Permian brachiopods from the North of England.
Mr. S. P. Pratt presented a few Nummulites from France and
Spain. The numerous purchases included shells from the Tertiary
beds of France and Italy, from the Cretaceous and Palaeozoic
formations of Belgium, and from many British rocks.

1853.

A selection of about 100 vertebrate, and 1000 invertebrate
fossils from the second collection of the late Dr. G. A. Mantell
was purchased from his executors. Among other valuable speci-
mens, it comprised many bones of Iguanodon from the Wealden
of Brook, Isle of Wight.

Two other general collections were obtained from abroad.
Mr. Daniel Hanbury presented some Devonian Brachiopoda

212 Geology.

from China, described by Dr. Thomas Davidson (Quart. Journ.
Geol. Soc., 1853), and also Pleistocene Mammalian teeth from
Chinese caverns, which he had purchased in the apothecaries'
shops at Canton. Mr. W. K. Loftus, a Boundary Commissioner,
presented a collection of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils, chiefly
Hippurites and Nummulites, from Persia.

The collection of fossil Mammalia was much enriched by a
series of remains from the Pliocene of the Val d'Arno, Italy,
collected and presented by Mr. J. B. Pentland. A valuable
series of mammalian remains, including skulls of the cave-bear,
from the caverns of Sundwig, Westphalia, collected by Mr. B.
Van Becke, was purchased at a sale. The unique palate of
Anthracotherium magnum, from the Lower Miocene of Flonheim,
Hesse Darmstadt, was also acquired by purchase.

Among Reptilia, the Wilcox Collection, chiefly Chelonia from
the Purbeck Beds, was purchased. Some noteworthy specimens
of Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus, from the Lower Lias of Lyme
Regis, were also added.

The Astier collection of Mollusca, chiefly Cephalopoda, from
the Cretaceous and Jurassic of the Basses Alpes, was obtained by
purchase. A large collection of Belgian fossils was similarly
acquired from Prof. L. G. de Koninck. Rev. P. B. Brodie presented
some Jurassic insects and other remains ; Mr. N. T. Wetherell,
some London Clay Gasteropoda; and Mr. S. P. Pratt, some
Palaeozoic Brachiopoda from Spain.

1854.

A large collection of Pleistocene Mammalia from the Pampa
Formation of the Argentine Republic was purchased from Mr.
Auguste Bravard.

Important additions were made to the collection of Hippurites
from the Cretaceous of France and Portugal, notably a dona-
tion from Mr. S. P. Pratt. Mr. Charles Stokes' collection of
Silurian Cephalopoda from Drummond Island, Lake Huron
(some described in Trans. Geol. Soc. London, 1824 and 1840),
was purchased from his executors. Series of Russian Silurian
Mollusca and Brachiopoda, and Polish Miocene Mollusca, were
presented by Sir Roderick I. Murchison. Mr. H. W. Taylor's
collection of English Chalk fossils was purchased from his
executors. A large collection of Mollusca from the Miocene of
Bordeaux, was purchased from Mr. Deshayes. Mr. Charles
Darwin presented a few fossil Cirripedes.

Geology. 213

1855.

The valuable collection of Lower Tertiary Vertebrata, made
by Barbara, Marchioness of Hastings, was purchased this year.
Besides other specimens from Montmartre, near Paris, and from
the Mayence Basin, it comprised about 1500 bones and teeth of
Mammalia and Reptilia from the Eocene and Oligocene of Hamp-
shire and the Isle of Wight.

A large collection of Silurian Invertebrata from Bohemia
was purchased from Mr. J. Barrancle. Many French Jurassic
Mollusca were also purchased, some from Mr. Tesson. Among
British Jurassic fossils, the most noteworthy were some fine
Apiocrini (Bradford Encrinites), purchased from Mr. Wood.
Tertiary Echinoids from Sind and Java were presented respec-
tively by Major (afterwards Sir) William Erskine Baker and
Mrs. Pfeiffer.

1856.

The most important acquisition by purchase this year was
the series of fossil bones of birds (chiefly the extinct Moas) and
other animals collected by the Hon. Walter B. D. Mantell in
New Zealand. The skeleton of Pachyornis elephantopus was then
reconstructed by Prof. Owen from the new material in this
collection.

Mr. John Lubbock (now Lord Avebury) presented part of
the skull of a musk ox (Ooibos moschatus) discovered by him in
the Pleistocene Thames gravels at Maidenhead, Berkshire. Mr.
J. M. Geils presented some remains of Elephas armeniacus from
Asia Minor.

Among numerous acquisitions of Invertebrata were two
valuable donations of Tertiary fossils from Jamaica and the
Canaries, presented by the Hon. Edward Chitty and Sir Charles
Lyell, Bart., respectively.

Total number of acquisitions, about 6700.

1857.

The Tesson Collection, consisting chiefly of fossils from the
Jurassic formations near Caen, Normandy, was a remarkable
acquisition. Besides Invertebrata, it comprised some well-pre-
served fishes and unique remains of Teleosaurus and Pelagosaurus,
some of the latter described by Deslongchamps.

Valuable additions were made to the collection of Pleistocene
Mammalia. Large series of bones and teeth of extinct marsupials,

214 Geology.

including Diprotodon, from superficial deposits in Australia, were
purchased at a public auction. A skull of an Irish Deer was
presented by the Earl of Enniskillen. Mammalian remains from
a submerged forest, met with in excavating the Jarrow Docks,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, were presented by Messrs. Harrison and
Hodgson.

The first vertebrse of the gigantic extinct lizard, Megalania
prisca, were received with other fossil Mammalia from Australia.
A skull of the Triassic Cyamodus (then named Placodus), pur-
chased this year, proved that this animal was a reptile, not a
fish, as previously supposed.

A further instalment of the Barrande Collection was pur-
chased. Donations chiefly of English Jurassic and Cretaceous
Invertebrata were continued by Mr. S. P. Pratt. A collection
of Tertiary Mollusca from Belgium was purchased from Mr.
Binkhorst. Series of Tertiary Mollusca from India were pre-
sented by Lieut.-Col. Sykes, from Madeira by Sir Charles Lyell,
Bart., and Mr. James Yate Johnson.

Total number of acquisitions, 9880.

1858.

The series of Pleistocene Mammalia was increased by the
purchase of the large collection made by the Rev. John Layton
from the Norfolk coast and the bed of the North Sea. Plaster
casts of skulls of Diprotodon and Nototherium, from Australia,
presented by the Trustees of the Australian Museum, Sydney,
were also valuable additions. Among earlier Mammalia, a
collection of remains of Dinoiherium and other genera from the
Middle Miocene of Sansan, France, was purchased from Mr.
L. Saemann.

Among purchases of extinct reptiles may be mentioned the
type-skull of the giant turtle (Chelone gigas) from the London
Clay of Sheppey ; a Teleosaurian skull from the Upper Lias of
Whitby ; various other Liassic reptilian remains, including the
first skull of DimorpTiodon macronyx from Lyme Regis ; and some
bones of Iguanodon from the "Wealden of the Isle of Wight.

A large collection of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils from
Switzerland and the adjoining parts of Germany, was purchased
from Dr. Bruckmann. About 200 Middle Eocene Mollusca
from Stubbington, Hampshire, were purchased from Mr. Henry
Keeping.

Geology. 215

1859.

The largest collection acquired this year was that of York-
shire fossils purchased from Mr. William Bean, of Scarborough.
Besides numerous Invertebrata, this collection included an
extensive series of Oolitic plants from Gristhorpe and Haiburn
Wyke, some described by Brongniart, Lindley and Hutton,
Phillips, and Bunbury. Count Strzelecki's collection of fossils
from New South Wales, described in his work on that country,
was also an important acquisition by purchase.

Among Vertebrata, a series of skulls of Bos longifrom, from
the Irish peat-bogs, was presented by Dr. Wylde. A collection
of fossil reptiles from the Karoo formation of South Africa,
including the first evidence of the genera Ptychognathus,
Galesaurus, and Cynochampsa, was transmitted by Sir George
Grey, Governor of Cape Colony. Some remains of Stagonolepis,
from the Trias of Elgin, were presented by Dr. James Taylor.
Old Red Sandstone fishes from Tynet Burn, Banfishire, were
presented by the Duke of Richmond. Oligocene fishes from
Canton Glarus, Switzerland, were presented by Miss Elizabeth
Warne.

Among Invertebrata, British Cretaceous fossils were pre-
sented by Mr. W. Cunnington, and specimens of the newly-
described Carboniferous Crinoid, Woodocrinus, by Mr. E. Wood.

Some examples of Calamites, from the Coal Measures of
Saxony, were presented by Dr. Alexander Petzholdt to illustrate
his memoir on that genus.

Total number of acquisitions, 3550.

1860.

The Sowerby Collection, illustrating James Sowerby's
" Mineral Conchology of Great Britain," was purchased from
James de Carle Sower by. It was the first extensive collection
of type-specimens of British invertebrate fossils acquired by the
Museum.

The second instalment of the collection of Pleistocene Mam-
malia and non-marine Mollusca made by Mr. John Brown, of
Stanway, was bequeathed to Prof, (afterwards Sir Richard)
Owen and presented by him to the Museum.

Valuable additions were also made to the collection of fossil
Mammalia and Reptilia from the Siwalik Hills, India, by a
donation from the Secretary of State for India. The fine skull

216 Geology.

of Elephas namadicus, from the Pleistocene of the Narbada
Valley, figured in Falconer and Cautley's "Fauna Antiqua
Sivalensis," was purchased from the United Service Museum.

Among invertebrate fossils received were many donations,
including Tertiary shells from South America, from Mr.
W. G. Lettsom ; shells from a raised beach in Teneriffe, from
Sir Charles Lyell, Bart. ; and Pliocene shells from Tejares,
Malaga, collected by Dr. Henry Woodward.

Total number of acquisitions, about 10,000.

1861.

Few additions were made to the collection of fossil Mammalia.
The most important was a series of remains of extinct Marsu-
pialia from Australia, presented by Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart.,
and the Governors of the South Australian Museum.

Among fossil Reptilia, the most important acquisition was
the unique skeleton of Scelidosaurus harrisoni, from the Lower
Lias of Charmouth, Dorset, purchased from Mr. James Harrison,
who discovered and prepared the specimen. The first evidence
of a Plesiosaurian from New Zealand (Plesiosaurus australis of
Owen) was received as a donation from Mr. T. H. Cockburn
Hood. Three fine specimens of Ichthyosaurus from the English
Lias were purchased.

Six specimens of Archegosaurus decheni, from the Lower
Permian of Rhenish Prussia, were presented by Prof, (after-
wards Sir Richard) Owen. The Lower Devonian Glimatius
scutiger and Acanihodes mitchelli, from Mr. James Powrie, were
among the donations of fossil fishes.

The greater part of the collection of Dudley Upper Silurian
fossils made by Mr. John Gray, of Hagley, was purchased and
formed the most important acquisition of Invertebrata during
the year. The Gilbertson Collection of Yorkshire Carboniferous
fossils (purchased 1841) was transferred from the Department of
Zoology. A further instalment of the Cunnington Collection
was purchased.

A collection of fossil leaves from a Tertiary formation on the
banks of the Mackenzie River, Canada, was presented by Sir
John Richardson. Some Carboniferous plants from Zwickau,
Saxony, were purchased.

Total number of acquisitions, 5522.

Geology. 217

1862.

This year was noteworthy for the acquisition of the Archae-
opteryx, which was purchased, with a large series of fossil fishes
and reptiles from the Lithographic Stone of Solenhofen, Bavaria,
from Dr. Haberlein of Pappenheim.

A gigantic tooth of Pliosaurus grandis, from the Kimmeridge
Clay of Dorset, was the first of a long series of small donations
from Mr. J. C. Mansel (afterwards Mansel-Pleydell). Footprints
of Rhynchosaurus on Triassic sandstone from Brewood, South
Staffordshire, were presented by Rev. Henry Housrnan. Tri-
dactyle footprints from the Trias of Connecticut, U.S.A., were
presented by Prof. E. Hitchcock.

The first important remains of Labyrinthodonts, Capitosaurus
and Treniatosaurus, from the Trias of Germany, were acquired by
purchase. A plaster cast of two associated vertebrne from the
Coal Measures of Nova Scotia, named Eosaurus acadianus by
Prof. O. C. Marsh, of Yale University, was presented by the
discoverer — his first benefaction to the Museum.

Among Invertebrata may be mentioned a new Hippurite
(Barrettia monilifera) from the Cretaceous of Jamaica, presented
by the discoverer, Mr. Lucas Barrett ; also many purchases,
including Pterygotus from the Upper Silurian of Lanarkshire,
Crustacean remains from the English Lias, Gault, and Green-
sand, many other Tertiary, Cretaceous, and Jurassic fossils from
England, Asteroidea from the Lower Ludlow of Herefordshire,
and a series of Silurian fossils from Ohio and Indiana, U.S.A.

Many Carboniferous plants from Airdrie and Burdiehouse
were also purchased.

Total number of acquisitions, 3144.

1863.

An extensive selection from the Saull Collection was purchased
from the Trustees of the Metropolitan Institution. Besides
several important remains of fossil reptiles described by Prof.
Owen, it comprised some of the invertebrate fossils described in
Sowerby's " Mineral Conchology."

Dr. J. W. (afterwards Sir William) Dawson, of McGill
University, Montreal, presented a series of specimens to illustrate
his recent discoveries of land-shells and small land-reptiles (or
amphibians) in the decayed erect tree-trunks of the South
Joggins Coal Measures, Nova Scotia.

218 Geology.

A second instalment of the Haberlein Collection, was pur-
chased, comprising chiefly Insecta, Crustacea, Cephalopoda, and
Plantse.

Plaster casts of the much-discussed Neanderthal and Engis
skulls were acquired by purchase. Some remains of Hyopotamus,
from the Oligocene of the Isle of Wight, were presented by
Mr. F. E. Edwards.

Some fossil Chelonia were purchased from the collection of
Prof. Thomas Bell. More remains of Plesiosaurus australis, and
other extinct marine reptiles from New Zealand, were presented
by Mr. T. H. Cockburn Hood. Supposed fossil eggs of reptiles
from the Great Oolite of Cirencester were presented by Mr.
Joshua Brown.

A fine skull of the gigantic Labyrinthodont, Metopias
diagnosticus, from the Keuper of Wurtemberg, was included in
the Haberlein Collection.

Numerous Jurassic and other English invertebrate fossils.
were purchased from the collections of Prof. John Morris and
Mr. William Buy. Some almost unique specimens of Mero-
stomata (Eurypterus lanceolatus and Slimonia acuminata) from the
Upper Silurian of Lanarkshire, and specimens of the newly-
discovered Cambrian trilobite, Paradoxides davidis, were also
purchased. Cretaceous fossils collected by Captain Mansell, R.N.,
in the Lebanon, were presented by Dr. J. D. (afterwards Sir
Joseph) Hooker. Palaeozoic fossils, chiefly ferns, from Tasmania,
were presented by Dr. Joseph Milligan.

Dicotyledonous leaves from the Tertiary of Disco, North
Greenland, were presented by Mr. J. W. Taylor.

Total number of acquisitions, 3053.

1864.

The most important acquisition of this year was a collection
of remains of Pleistocene Mammalia associated with human
bones and implements, discovered by the Vicomte de Lastic in
a cavern on the banks of the Aveyron, near Bruniquel, Tarn-
et-Garonne, France. The collection was purchased from the
discoverer.

A nearly complete skull of the mammoth, ElepJtas primigenius,
was extricated from the Thames brick-earth at Ilford, Essex,
under the direction of Mr. William Davies and Dr. Henry
Woodward. Another important collection of Pleistocene Mam-

Geology. 219

malia, including Diprotodon, from Queensland, was presented by
Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart.

A fine collection of fossil Reptilia from the Trias of Wiirtem-
berg, including unique specimens of Belodon, Teratosaurus, and
Chelytherium, was purchased from Dr. Kapff. The type-specimen
of Plesiosaurus rostratus, from the Lower Lias of Charmouth, was
also purchased.

Very numerous additions were made to the collection of fossil
fishes, especially to the series from the Devonian, Permian,
Triassic, and Liassic formations.

The first specimen of the supposed Laurentian Foraminifer,
Eozoon canadense, was presented by Sir William E. Logan. The
type-specimen of the Jurassic star-fish, Solaster moretonis, from
the Great Oolite, was presented by the Earl of Ducie. Remains
of Pterygotus anglicus from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of
Forfarshire, were purchased.

Total number of acquisitions, 4651.

1865.

The purchase of a large selection from the collection of Dr.
J. S. Bowerbank secured for the Museum this year an important
accession of British Mesozoic and Tertiary fossils, including
many described specimens of various groups. In addition to the
remains of animals, the collection comprised a very large series
of fossil fruits from the London Clay of Sheppey.

A plaster cast of the carapace of the gigantic extinct arma-
dillo, Glyptodon reticulatus, from the Pampa of Buenos Ayres, was
obtained by exchange with Prof. H. A. Ward. Actual bones of
this animal and Megatherium, Toxodon, Mastodon, etc., from the
Pampa formation of Buenos Ayres and Uruguay, were also
presented by Captain John Parish, R.N., and Mr. David A.
Stoddart. Other noteworthy acquisitions among Mammalia were
skulls of Bos longifrons from Lough Gur, Limerick, presented by
Mr. J. F. W. De Salis ; and a large tusk of mammoth, dredged
off the coast of Norfolk, presented by Rev. Greville J. Chester.

The unique skull of Pliosaurus grandis and the mandible of
another Pliosaur, from the Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset, were
presented by Mr. J. C. Mansel (afterwards Mansel-Pleydell).
Important remains of Scelidosaurus and Plesiosaurus, with various
fishes, Crustacea and Mollusca, from the Lower Lias of Charmouth,
were purchased from Mr. James Harrison.

220 Geology.

Some Cretaceous fishes collected in the Lebanon by Rev.
Canon H. B. Tristram, were acquired by purchase.

Among Invertebrata, the Saxby Collection, consisting chiefly
of Cretaceous Mollusca from the Isle of Wight, was purchased. A
nearly complete body of Pterygotus anglicus, from the Lower Old
Red Sandstone of Forf arshire, was presented by Mr. James Powrie.

Some Devonian plants from North America were presented
by Dr. J. W. (afterwards Sir William) Dawson.

Total number of acquisitions, 10,079.

1866.

Another collection of Mammalian remains, including evidence
of a new gigantic kangaroo, Palorchestes, from the Pleistocene of
Queensland, was presented by Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart. Other
remains of Scelidotherium and Mylodon, with a nearly complete
carapace and other fragments of Glyptodon, from the Pampa
formation of Buenos Ayres, were purchased.

Additional Reptilian remains from the Kimmeridge Clay of
Dorset were presented by Mr. J. C. Mansel (afterwards Mansel-
Pleydell). A fine example of a new Plesiosaur (Plesiosaurus
iaticeps), a small Ichthyosaurus communis, and other remains of
reptiles and fishes from the Lower Lias of Dorset, were acquired
by purchase.

Skulls of Capitosaurus and Trematosaurus from the Trias of
Wiirtemberg, and a fine skeleton of Archegosaurus decheni, from
the Lower Permian of Rhenish Prussia, were also purchased.

A collection of Cretaceous fossils from Bogota, a series of
Tertiary shells from the Vienna Basin, and some Silurian In-
vertebrata collected by Dr. Gustaf Lindstrom in Gotland, were
among the most important purchases of Invertebrata. A col-
lection of Arenig fossils from Pembrokeshire was presented by
Dr. Henry Hicks and Mr. J. W. Salter.

Total number of acquisitions, 4061.

1867.

A large series of vertebrate fossils from the collection of the
late Dr. Hugh Falconer, was presented by Mr. Charles Falconer.
It comprised numerous remains of Proboscidea, the skull of an
Irish Deer, bones and teeth of Hippopotamus from Sicilian
•caverns, and a skull of Crocodilus lonibifrons from the Siwalik
formation of India.

Geology. 221

The type-skull of Dinotherium giganteum, the type-skull of
Dorcatherium naui, and the type-jaws of Tajrirus priscus from the
Pliocene of Eppelsheim, Hesse-Darmstadt, were obtained by
exchange with Dr. T. Oldham, who had purchased them from
Dr. Kaup.

A fine head of Ichthyosaurus platyodon, from the Lower Lias
of Lyme Regis, a Pliosaurian paddle from the Portland Stone,
a Pterosaurian wing-bone from the Purbeck Beds of Dorset,
and a series of reptilian and fish-remains from the Neocomian
Phosphate Bed of Potton, Bedfordshire, were purchased.

Among Invertebrata several specimens figured in Sowerby's
" Mineral Conchology " were acquired by purchase towards the
completion of the Sowerby Collection. Other type-specimens
described in the Monographs of the Palseontographical Society
by Sharpe, Morris and Lycett, Edwards and Haime, and Duncan,
were purchased. A few additional specimens figured in Dixon's
" Geology of Sussex " ; Cambrian Trilobites described by Belt
(Geol. Nag., vols. iv. and v.) ; Neolimulus falcatus described by
H. Woodward (Geol. Mag., vol. v.) ; and a few Carboniferous
Crinoids described by Fort-Major Thomas Austin, were also
purchased. Three type-specimens of Brachiopods from the
Neocomian of Up ware, Cambridgeshire, were presented by Mr.
J. F. Walker. A series of fossil insects enclosed in amber from
the Baltic coast was purchased.

A series of Middle Eocene plant-remains, collected by Mr.
Wm. Stephen. Mitchell, from Alum Bay, Isle of Wight, was
obtained by the aid of a grant from the British Association.
Microscope-sections of fossil plants, made by Mr. William Nicol,
were purchased from Mr. James Bryson. Carboniferous plants
from Kosloo, on the Black Sea, and from Nagpur, India, were
also purchased.

Total number of acquisitions, 9156.

1868.

Various important Mammalian remains, noticed by the late
Dr. Falconer in his " Pabeontological Memoirs," were received as
donations. Among these were some Pleistocene Mammalia from
the Gower Caves, Glamorganshire, presented by Col. E. R. Wood ;
an upper jaw of Rhinoceros ctruscus from Tejares, Malaga, Spain,
presented by Prof. D. T. Ansted ; and a mandibular ramus of
Mastodon andium, from Chili, presented by the Trustees of the
Canterbury Museum. Remains of Trogontherium, described in

222 Geology.

Owen's " British Fossil Mammals," were presented by Sir Charles
Lyell, Bart.

Valuable acquisitions by purchase, from the Lower Lias
of Lyme Regis, included the greater part of the skeleton of a
Pterodactyl, Dimorphodon macronyx, and a nearly complete skeleton
of Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris — both subsequently described by Owen
in the Monographs of the Palseontographical Society. The type-
skull of Placodus gigas from the Bavarian Muschelkalk was
also purchased. Mr. Mansel-Pleydell continued his donations of
Kimmeridgian Reptilian remains.

An important small collection of Vertebrata, including the
skeleton of a Rodent, remains of Coluber, Crocodilus, and Palseo-
batrachm, from the Miocene Lignite of Rott, near Bonn, was
purchased. With this collection were about 150 fossil insects,
including many described by Von Heyden and H. Hagen in
Palseontographica, vols. viii., x., and xiv.

A very fine slab of Pentacrinus fossilis from the Lower Lias
of Lyme Regis, and many Hippurites from the Cretaceous of
Aude, France, were purchased. Some type-specimens of brachio-
pods, from the Neocomian of Upware, were presented by Mr.
J. F. Walker.

Purchases of fossil plants included specimens from Clallam
Bay, Washington Territory, U.S.A. ; from Vancouver ; and from
Skedegate Bay, Queen Charlotte's Islands.

Total number of acquisitions, 10,372.

1869.

A valuable collection of remains of Prehistoric Mammalia
from a freshwater deposit in the valley of the Lea, near Waltham-
stow, Essex, was obtained by purchase from Mr. Joseph Wood.
In addition to human remains, it comprised bones and teeth of
wolf, fox, beaver, horse, wild-boar, red deer, roebuck, fallow deer,
reindeer, elk, ox, and goat. The discovery was described by Dr.
H. Woodward (Geol. Mag., vol. vi. 1869).

Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell continued his donations of Kim-
meridgian Reptilia, presenting this year the type-specimens of
Ischyrosaurus manseli and Steneosaurus manseli, described by Mr.
J. W. Hulke. The unique tail of the Pterodactyl, Dimorphodon
macronyx, from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, described by Prof.
Owen, was purchased with various other English Reptilian
remains.

The collection of fossil Fishes was enriched by the purchase of

Geology. 223

a series of specimens from the Oligocene slates of Canton Glarus,
Switzerland, finely prepared by Emile Meyrat. The unique jaw
of an extinct Cestraciont from the Oolite of Caen, Normandy,
described as Strophodus medius by Owen, and showing for the
first time the arrangement of the Strophodus-teeth in the mouth,
was also purchased. Some English Chalk fishes, notably a head
of Pachyrhizodus gardneri, were included in the Toulmin Smith
Collection mentioned below.

Among fossil Invertebrata, Dr. W. T. Blanford presented an
important series, chiefly Jurassic, collected by him in Abyssinia.
The second instalment of the collection of Mr. John Gray, of
Hagley, comprising Upper Silurian trilobites, crinoids, and corals,
was purchased. Other Wenlock Limestone fossils from Dudley
were purchased from Mr. Charles Ketley. A large collection of
English Jurassic fossils was purchased from Mr. R. , Etheridge.
The late Mr. Toulmin Smith's collection of Cretaceous sponges,
including the originals of his own descriptions, was purchased
from his executors. Many Crag Mollusca from Norfolk and
Suffolk, including type-specimens described in Mr. Searles Wood's
" Supplement," were purchased from Mr. Edward Charlesworth.
A collection of Miocene Mollusca from Maryland, U.S.A., was
also purchased. About 150 bivalved Crustacea, purchased from
Prof. T. Rupert Jones, illustrated his " Monograph of the Fossil
Estherife."

A large series of Tertiary leaves, collected by Mr. Edward
Whymper in Greenland, by means of grants from the British
Association and the Royal Society, was presented by Mr. Robert
H. Scott.

Total number of acquisitions, 7226.

1870.

A complete skeleton of the hornless female Irish Deer, Cervus
Mbernicus, was purchased from Dr. E. P. Wright. Numerous
teeth of Pliocene Mammalia from a cavern near Ching-King-Foo,
China (some described by Prof. Owen in Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc. vol. xxvi.), were purchased from Mr. Swinhoe, of Formosa.
A series of Marsupial remains from the Wellington Caves, New
South Wales, was presented by the Trustees of the Australian
Museum, Sydney ; and other bones from the same caves were
presented by Prof. A. M. Thomson.

Two eggs of Aepyornis from Madagascar were purchased.
Bones of Dinornis casuarinus from Glenmark Swamp, New Zealand,

224 Geology.

were presented by Mr. W. Reeve ; while gizzard-stones and
tracheal rings of Dinornithidte were presented by Prof. Owen.

The type-specimen of Plesiosaurus manseli from the Kim-
meridge Clay of Dorset, was presented by Mr. J. C. Mansel-
Pleydell ; and numerous other remains of reptiles and fishes from
the same formation, and from the Neocomian bone-bed of Potton,
Bedfordshire, were purchased.

A collection of Labyrinthodonts, with a few fishes, from the
Coal Measures of Jarrow Colliery, Kilkenny, Ireland, was pur-
chased from Mr. W. B. Brownrigg. The Thomas Baugh Collection,
chiefly consisting of fish-teeth from the Carboniferous Limestone
of Shropshire, and the Charles W. Peach Collection of Old Red
Sandstone Fishes from Caithness, were also acquired by purchase.

Among important purchases of fossil Invertebrata may be
mentioned some specimens of Placocystis from the Wenlock
Limestone ; a fine Apiocrinus from the Bradford Clay of Wiltshire ;
type-specimens of Cretaceous and Tertiary Entomostraca, including
the Bosquet Collection ; Oolitic fossils from Brora, Sutherland ;
and a series of Tertiary shells collected by Mr. Hauxwell in
the valley of the Amazon, and described by Dr. H. Woodward
(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. vii.).

Silicified wood from the desert near Cairo, described by Mr.
Carruthers as Nicolia oweni, was presented by Prof. Owen. A
fine Araucarian stem from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis was pur-
chased. A large series of plant-remains, from the Coal Measures
of the Forest of Wyre, was included in the Baugh Collection.

Total number of acquisitions, 7620.

1871.

The most important acquisition of this year was the collection
of the late Prof. Van Breda, of Haarlem, purchased from his
executors. It comprised fossils from the Miocene of Oeningen,
the Lignites of Rott, near Bonn, the Upper Cretaceous of
Maastricht, the Lithographic Stone of Bavaria, the Keuper of
Wiirtemberg, and the Permian of Thuringia. From all these
horizons there were unique type-specimens of Vertebrata, besides
numerous Invertebrata.

The Wetherell Collection, chiefly of London Clay fossils,
purchased from Mr. N. T. Wetherell, was also of great value,
comprising many type-specimens described by Edwards, Bell,
Owen, and Darwin.

Geology. 225

Series of Pleistocene Mammalian remains from Queensland,
presented by Mr. Richard Daintree, and from Buenos Ayres,
presented by Senor Luis J. Fontana, included many important
new specimens. Remains of beaver from the Cambridgeshire
Fens were purchased.

The type upper jaw of Teleosaurus megarhinus, from the
Kimmeridge Clay of Dorsetshire, was presented by Mr. J. C.
Maiisel-Pleydell. The type-specimen of the extinct Chimseroid,
Ischyodus orthorhinus of Egerton, from the Lower Lias of Lyme
Regis, was purchased.

Some Upper Silurian Crinoids, Cystideans, Trilobites, other
Crustacea, and two Starfishes, were purchased from the collection
of Samuel Allport. Some Ordovician Trilobites from North
Wales, including the type-specimens of Calymene daviesi and
Ogygia angustissima and other specimens figured by Salter, were
purchased from Mr. G. Davies. Polished sections of Carboni-
ferous Corals, prepared with a grant from the British Association,
were presented by Mr. James Thomson. A huge ammonite,
39 inches in diameter, and regarded as Psiloceras planorbe,
from the Lias near Rugby, was purchased. (See " Mem. Geol.
Surv. U.K., Jurassic Rocks," iii., p. 163.)

A few slabs of shale with fossil plants from the Coal Measures
of Rhymney, South Wales, were presented by Mr. Coles Child.

Total number of acquisitions, 4789.

1872.

After the death of Sir Roderick I. Murchison, a selection
from his collection was presented by his nephew and heir, Mr.
Kenneth Murchison. Besides an extensive series of Invertebrata,
chiefly Devonian and Silurian, it comprised many fossil fishes,
among others the type-specimen of Aeclimodus leachi from the
Lower Lias of Lyme Regis.

Pleistocene Mammalian remains from Queensland and Buenos
Ayres were presented by Dr. George Bennett and Senor L. J.
Fontana respectively.

A footprint of Dinornis in modern beach-sandstone from
New Zealand, was presented by Mr. T. H. Cockburn Hood.

Reptilian remains from the Karoo formation of Cape Colony,
including Pariasaurus, Tapinocephalus, and Galesaurus, were pre-
sented by Dr. W. Guybon Atherstone. A fine Ichthyosaurian
head from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, and a complete shell

VOL. I. Q

226 Geology.

of Pleurosternum from the Purbeck beds of Swanage, were
purchased.

A unique specimen of the extinct Chimaeroid fish, Squalornja
potyspondyla, described by Mr. W. Davies (Geol. Mag., vol. ix.,
1872), was acquired by purchase.

The first instalment (Univalves) of the R E. Edwards
Collection of Eocene Mollusca from the south-east of England,
including the specimens described in Mr. Edwards' Monograph
published by the Palaeontographical Society, was purchased.

Total number of acquisitions, 36,986.

1873.

The valuable general collection of fossils made by Dr. Bright
of Bristol was presented by Mr. Benjamin Bright.

Among Mammalia the most noteworthy addition was a series
of remains of pigmy elephants, collected and described by Dr.
A. Leith Adams, and acquired by purchase from him. A
cranium and other bones of the Miocene Sirenian, Halitherium,
from Hesse-Darmstadt, were also purchased. Some Pleistocene
Mammalian remains from the Porcupine River, Canada, were
presented by Rev. Robert Macdonald Dr. George Bennett's
donations of fossil Marsupialia from Queensland were continued.

The unique skull of the bird with denticulated jaws,
Odontopteryx toliapica, from the London Clay of Sheppey, was
purchased from Mr. B. M. Wright.

Some Reptilian remains from the Kimmeridge Clay of
Weymouth, including a large humerus described by Mr. Hulke
as Cetiosaums humerocristatus, were acquired by purchase. Half
of the type-specimen of Dolichosaurtts longicollis from the Chalk
of Kent, was also purchased.

A unique specimen of Pteraspis crouchi, showing scales, from
the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Worcestershire, was presented
by Prof. E. Ray Lankester.

The second instalment of the F. E. Edwards Collection of
English Eocene Mollusca, comprising over 13,000 specimens, was
purchased. Numerous British fossil Invertebrata from the
collections of Mr. S. Allport and Rev. Charles Croft, were also
purchased. A remarkable group of star-fishes, Oreaster bulbiferus,
from the Upper Chalk of Bromley, Kent, was prepared by
Jeremiah Simmons and sold by him to the Museum.

Total number of acquisitions, 18,501.

Geology. 227

1874.

Remarkable additions to the series of British Pleistocene
.Mammalia were made this year by the purchase of Sir Antonio
Brady's collection from the Thames Brick-earth at Ilford, Essex,
and Mr. J. J. Owles' collection obtained from trawlers off the
eastern coast, especially from the Dogger Bank. Valuable
remains of Marsupialia from the Pleistocene of Queensland, were
received as donations from Dr. George Bennett and others.
The jaws of the extinct ungulate, Homalodontotherium cunning-
liami, from the Tertiary of Patagonia, described by Sir William
Flower (Phil. Trans. 1874), were presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty through Dr. Cunningham. The unique skull of the
primitive Sirenian, Prorastomus sirenoides, from Jamaica, was
presented by Prof, (afterwards Sir Richard) Owen.

A nearly complete skeleton of Dinornis maximus, novr exhi-
bited in the Department of Zoology, was obtained by exchange
with the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand.

A large part of the skeleton of a gigantic Dinosaur, described
as Omosaurus armatus by Owen, was dug out of the Kimmeridge
Clay at Swindon by Mr. William Davies, and presented to
the Museum by the Directors of the Swindon Brick and Tile
Company.

An extensive series of fish-remains from the Lower Old Red
Sandstone and Upper Silurian of the neighbourhood of Ludlow,
including several type- and described specimens, was presented by
Mr. Robert Lightbody. The first well-preserved fossil fish, a
Palseoniscid, from the Karoo Formation of Cape Colony, was
presented by the Trustees of the Albany Museum.

A series of Tertiary fossils from the Sinai peninsula and
Egypt was collected and presented by Prof. John Milne. A
fine collection of Crinoidea from the Lower Carboniferous of
Burlington, Iowa, U.S.A., was purchased from Mr. C. Wachs-
muth. A slab of Eozoon canadense from Canada was also
purchased.

Total number of acquisitions, 3103.

1875.

Another large instalment of the Cunnington Collection was
purchased, including Mammalian remains from Wookey Hole,
Pleurosternum from the Purbeck Beds, fishes from the Purbeck

Q 2

228 Geology.

Beds and Kimmeridge Clay, and numerous Crustacea, Echino-
derma, Mollusca, Brachiopoda, and Sponges, of which many were
type-specimens described in the Monographs of the Palseonto-
graphical Society.

Numerous fossil Mammalia from the Red Crag of Suffolk
were purchased from Mr. E. Charlesworth. A natural cast of a
Sirenian brain, Eotherium aegyptiacum, from the Eocene of
Egypt, was presented by Prof, (afterwards Sir Richard) Owen.
Bones of ox, stag, wild-boar, and beaver from the excavations
for the Thames Embankment, Westminster, were presented by
the Metropolitan Board of Works. Marsupial remains from
Queensland and New South Wales were presented by Dr. George
Bennett and Mr. W. L. R. Gipps.

Various described bones of Cnemiornis, Aptornis, and other
birds from the surface deposits of New Zealand, were pre-
sented by Prof. Owen. Bones of the Great Auk, discovered
by Prof. John Milne in Funk Island, off Newfoundland, were
purchased.

A small, but valuable collection of Cretaceous fishes from
Mount Lebanon was purchased.

An important collection of fossils from New Zealand, chiefly
Cretaceous and Cretaceo-Tertiary Invertebrata, was presented
by Dr. (afterwards Sir James) Hector. About 5000 English,
French, North German, and Austrian Tertiary Mollusca, from
the collection of the late F. E. Edwards, were purchased.

Specimens of Glossopteris and silicified wood from New South
Wales were presented by Mr. W. L. R. Gipps.

Total number of acquisitions, 10,711.

1876.

Some valuable collections of fossil Mammalia from caverns
were obtained this year. The results of the Brixham Cave
exploration, described in Phil. Trans. 1873, were presented by
the Council of the Royal Society. A few remains from the
Oreston Caves, near Plymouth (obtained by the late Mr. Joseph
Cottle of Bristol), were purchased. A large collection made by
the late Captain Fox Brome in caverns and fissures in the rock
of Gibraltar, described by Prof. Busk (Trans. Zool Soc., vol. x.
1877), was presented by the Governor of Gibraltar.

A collection of Mammalian remains from the Middle Pur-
beck Beds, Durdlestone Bay, Dorsetshire, described in Owen's

Geology. 229

"Mesozoic Mammalia" (Mon. Pal. Soc., 1871), was purchased
from Mr. S. H. Beckles.

A skull of Dicynodon leoniceps and another fragment of the
same, from the Karoo Formation of Cape Colony, were presented
by the Hon. W. Guybon Atherstone.

A series of freshwater Tertiary fish-remains from Padang,
Sumatra, described by Dr. Gunther (Geol. Mag., 1876), was
presented by Herr R. D. M. Verbeek.

The important collection of Mr. Samuel Sharp, chiefly con-
sisting of Invertebrata from the Jurassic of Northamptonshire,
was acquired by purchase. Six Oligocene shells from Brocken-
hurst, figured in Wise's " New Forest " (1863), were presented by
Mr. John R. Wise. Numerous Pliocene Mollusca from Sicily,
and Tertiary Mollusca from the Amazons, were purchased. A
collection of fossil corals from the Carboniferous Limestone of
Clifton, was presented by Mr. Swinfen Jordan.

Some specimens of Glossopteris from Natal were presented by
Rev. George Smith.

Total number of acquisitions, 5531.

1877.

The most important acquisition of this year was a general
collection of fossils presented by the Hon. Robert Marsham Cnow
Mar sham-To wnsend). Besides many unique and valuable English
fossils, it included some Cretaceous fishes from Ceara, North
Brazil.

Mr. Charles Falconer added to his former donation (1867)
some Mammalian remains from the Siwalik Hills, India, and
other localities, also some Tertiary shells and cycads from India.
Dr. George Bennett presented additional specimens of Marsu-
pialia from Queensland, and Rev. W. B. Clarke presented the
type-jaw of Sthenurus minor of Owen from New South Wales.

Some Reptilian remains, including the type-specimens of
EcJiinodon becklesi described by Sir Richard Owen, from the
Purbeck Beds of Durdlestone Bay, were purchased from Mr. S. H.
Beckles.

A second series of Cretaceous fishes from the Lebanon was
purchased.

A collection of Miocene plant-remains from Hiiring, Tyrol,
including specimens described by Baron von Ettingshausen, was
purchased.

Total number of acquisitions, 4702.

230 Geology.

1878.

A valuable collection of Vertebrata from the caverns and
rock-fissures of Malta was presented by Rear-Admiral T. A. B.
Spratt. It comprised remains of pigmy elephants described by
Busk (Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. vi.), and fragments of Chelonia
described by Leith Adams (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxii.) ;
also some remains of birds subsequently described by Lydekker
(Proc. Zool. Soc., 1890).

A skull of Toxodon platensis from the Pampa of Buenos Ayres
was purchased from Mr. Frank Day. A rostrum of ZipMus
planirostris, dredged off Southwold, was presented by Dr. C. R.
Bree.

The type-skull of Steneosaurus stepJiani, from the Cornbrash
of Dorset, was purchased from Mr. Darell Stephens. A fine
Plesiosaurian skull, from the Lower Lias of Charmouth, was
purchased from Rev. T. L. Montefiore.

The collection of fossils from the English Chalk, made by the
late Mrs. Smith, of Tunbridge Wells, was purchased from Mrs.
Bishop. It included several valuable reptilian and fish remains,
besides Invertebrata, figured in Dixon's " Geology of Sussex."
Some Cretaceous fishes, Crustacea, &c., collected by Rev. Prof.
E. R. Lewis in the Lebanon, were purchased from Mr. R.
Damon.

A few conodonts from the Sub-Carboniferous of Ohio were
presented by Dr. G. J. Hinde.

Mr. John Rofe's collection of Carboniferous Limestone fossils,
chiefly Crinoidea, was presented partly by himself, partly by his
executor. Some Upper Silurian. Crustacea from Lanarkshire,
were purchased from Dr. Robert Slimon. A few fossil shells
and fish-teeth from the Tertiary of Coquimbo, Chili, were
presented by Mr. C. J. Lambert.

Numerous Palaeozoic Invertebrata, shells from Raised Beaches,
and Tertiary leaves, collected by Captain H. W. Feilden while
with the Nares Expedition (H.M.SS. Alert and Discovery) in the
Arctic Regions, were presented by the Lords of the Treasury.

A large collection of Tertiary plant-remains from Austria,
including many type- and described specimens, was purchased
from Baron Constantin von Ettingshausen. A few Tertiary
leaves from Euboea were purchased from Mr. R. Damon.
Total number of acquisitions, 6379.

•Geology. 231

1879.

A bequest from the late Sir Walter C. Trevelyan, Bart.,
added many important British fossils and some Tertiary shells
from Italy. The purchase of the collection of English Chalk
fossils made by Mr. J. Rand Capron, also formed a valuable
acquisition this year.

A skull of Bos primigenius from Ilford was acquired by
purchase. Four teeth of Ovibos moscJiatus from Thames deposits
near Crayford, Kent, were presented by Mr. R. W. Cheadle. A
series of vertebrate remains and freshwater shells, obtained by a
Committea from the caverns of Borneo, was presented by the
Council of the British Association.

Numerous fossil Invertebrata from Australia were presented
by Mr. R. L. Jack, Mr. H. Y. Lyell Brown, and the executor of
Mr. Richard Daintree. Some Lower Silurian Graptolites from
Victoria, described by Mr. R. Etheridge (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
1876), were purchased from Mr. Philip Ewen.

Some Tertiaiy Mollusca from the Upper Amazons, described
by Mr. Etheridge (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxv., 1878),
were presented by Mr. C. Barrington Brown.

Additional fossil plant-remains from Austria, including some
type-specimens, were purchased from Baron von Ettingshausen.

Total number of acquisitions, 4555.

1880.

The largest accession this year was due to the transfer of
about 50,000 non-British fossils from the Museum of Practical
Geology, Jermyn Street.

The type mandibular ramus of Ohoeropotamus cuvieri, from the
Eocene of Seafield, Isle of Wight, was presented by Rev. W. D.
Fox. Some Pleistocene Mammalian remains from San Angelo,
Mexico, were presented by Mr. Patrick Geddes.

The type-skeleton of Dinornis parvus, from New Zealand, was
purchased from Mr. W. J. Upton. The skull of Argillornis
longipennis, a bird from the London Clay of Sheppey, was
purchased from Mr. W. H. Shrubsole.

The type-skull of the horned tortoise, Miolania oweni, from
the Pleistocene of Queensland, was presented, with associated
vertebrate remains, by Mr. G. F. Bennett. A nodule of Lower
Lias from Bennington, containing part of a skeleton of Plesio-

232 Geology.

saurus noticed in Nichols' " History of Leicestershire," was pre-
sented by Major Harlowe Turner. A plaster cast of the type-
specimen of Plesiosaurus cramptoni, in the Dublin Museum, was
acquired by purchase. A Teleosaurian skull from the Upper
Lias of Whitby, and the type-specimen of Pelobatochelys Uakei,
from the Kimmeridge Clay of Weymouth, were purchased from
Prof. J. F. Blake. The type-skull of CMone gigas, from the
London Clay of Sheppey, was purchased from Mr. W. H.
Shrubsole. Eggs of turtles from a consolidated beach in the
Island of Ascension, were presented by Lieut. Haggard, R.N.

The Weaver Jones Collection of Carboniferous and Old Red
Sandstone fish-remains from the West of England, was acquired
by purchase. Many well-preserved fishes collected by Mr. Jex in
the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Forfarshire, were purchased
from Mr. R. Damon.

A large collection of English Cretaceous fossils was purchased
from Mr. J. S. Gardner. The James Armstrong Collection of
Lower Carboniferous fossils from the Glasgow district, was also
purchased. Some Tertiary fossils from Patagonia were presented
by Dr. R. W. Coppinger. Palaeozoic fossils from Bolivia were
presented by Mr. R. Inwards ; similar fossils from New South
Wales were presented by Prof. A. Liversidge; others from
Tasmania were purchased from Mr. P. J. Smith. A collection of
New Zealand fossils was purchased through Dr. (afterwards Sir
James) Hector. Devonian fossils from Belgium were purchased
from Mr. G. E. Gavey. A collection of Silurian Entomostraca
was purchased from Prof. T. Rupert Jones ; and a collection of
American Carboniferous Echinoderms, from Mr. R. Damon.

An important collection of English Eocene plant-remains was
purchased from Mr. J. S. Gardner. Fossil wood and leaves from
the Mackenzie River, Canada, described by Prof. O. Heer, were
presented by the Council of the Royal Society.

Total number of acquisitions, 55,496.

1881.

A few bones of Elephas, from the Pleistocene of Belgrade,
were purchased from Mr. E. M. Grant.

Plaster casts of some detached bones of the type-specimens
of toothed birds (Hesperornis, Ichthyornis), from the Chalk of
Kansas, were presented by Prof. O. C. Marsh.

Two remarkable skeletons of Neusticosaurus pusillus, collected

Geology. 233

from the Upper Trias of Wiirtemberg by Mr. Julius Hoser, were
acquired by purchase. The type-skull of Aelurosaurus felinus,
from the Karoo formation of South Africa, was presented by Mr.
Thomas Bain. The bony tail-sheath of Miolania oweni, from the
Pleistocene of Queensland, was presented by Mr. G. F. Bennett.

Jaws of Prognathodus guentheri (= MyriacantJius paradoxus),
from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, described in " Catal. Foss.
Fishes, B. M.," pt. ii., were purchased from Mrs. H. Dollin.

The collection of Tertiary and Cretaceous fossils made by
the late Mr. W. Harris, of Charing, was purchased from his
daughter. A collection of English Chalk fossils was presented
by the Earl of Ducie. An extensive selection from the miscel-
laneous collection of the late Prof. J. Tennant, was purchased
from his executors. Cretaceous fossils from Bahia, Brazil, were
presented by Mr. Joseph Mawson. A collection of Menevian
fossils from St. David's, was purchased from Mr. R. Damon.

Some fossil corals from Sind, described by Prof. P. Martin
Duncan, were presented by the Director of the Geological
Survey of India. A fine slab of Devonian Crinoidal Limestone
from Newton Bushell, South Devon, was presented by Mr. W.
Vicary.

Diatoms from the London Clay were presented by Mr. W. H.
Shrubsole. Coal-plants from St. Etienne, France, were presented
by Mr. C. Chantre.

Total number of acquisitions, 1936.

1882.

The most important acquisitions this year were the collections
of the late Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart., Trustee
British Museum, and of the Earl of Enniskillen (first instalment),
which were obtained by purchase. These collections, which were
made conjointly, consisted chiefly of fossil fishes, but also included
many other valuable specimens.

The dried neck and legs of Dinornis didinus, showing skin
and other soft parts, from a fissure in New Zealand, were
purchased from Mrs. Squires. Some fragments of Aepyornis
from Madagascar were presented by Mr. James Porter.

The collection of Wealden Reptilia from the Isle of Wight,
made by the late Rev. W. Fox, was purchased from his executors.
The type-specimen of Thecospondylus horneri, from the Wealden
of Tunbridge Wells, was presented by Dr. A. C. Horner. A

234 Geology.

fine head of Ichthyosaurus platyodon, and other valuable remains
of reptiles and fishes from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, were
presented by Sir F. Seymour Haden. Eggs of turtles from a
consolidated beach in the Island of Ascension, were presented by
Surgeon T. Conry, R.N.

Another selection from the collection of the late Prof. J.
Tennant, was purchased ; and numerous British fossils were
presented by Mrs. Burnett. Welsh Silurian and Cambrian
fossils were presented by Mr. David Homfray. Tertiary shells
from Dalmatia and Croatia, were presented by Prof. S. Brusina ;
from Bordighera, by Mr. J. G. Goodchild. Tertiary fossils from
Gippsland, Victoria, were presented by Mr. W. H. Grigson.
Mesozoic fossils from Japan, were presented by Prof. John
Milne ; from Bahia, Brazil, by Mr. Joseph Mawson. A large
collection of fossil Entomostraca and Foraminifera (including
Lonsdale's specimens from Portsdown), was purchased from
Prof. T. Rupert Jones.

Another large collection of fossil plants from Austria was
purchased from Baron Constantin von Ettingshausen.

Total number of acquisitions, 16,316.

1883.

The second and final instalment of the collection of the Earl
of Enniskillen was purchased. Among miscellaneous specimens,
this included a complete skeleton of the Irish Deer (Cervus
giganteus), and the type-specimen of Plesiosaurus macrocephalus
from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis.

A large selection from the series of remains of Pleistocene
Mammalia and implements collected by Mr. Pengelly while
exploring Kent's Cavern, Torquay, under the direction of a
Committee of the British Association, was presented by Lord
Haldon and the Council of the British Association.

The first part of an important collection of fossil Mammalia
from the Oligocene Phosphorites of Caylux and other localities
in S. France, was purchased from Mr. B. Stiirtz. Remains of an
Irish Deer (Cervus giganteus) from Russia, were purchased from
Mr. P. A. Hoist. A carapace of the extinct armadillo, Hoplo-
phorus ornatus, from Buenos Ayres, was purchased from Mr. E.
Gerrard.

Part of the upper jaw of Megalosaurus bucklandi, from the
Inferior Oolite of Sherborne, Dorset, described by Owen (Quart.

Geology. 235

Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxix., 1883), was presented by Mr. E. Clemin-
shaw. Plaster casts of Khamphorhynchus phyllurus and a femur
of Atlantosaurus immanis were presented by Prof. O. C. Marsh.

Some Pteraspidian fishes, including the type -specimen of
Holaspis sericeus, from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of
Herefordshire and Monmouthshire, were presented by Dr. D. M.
MacCullough. The type-specimens of Semionotus capensis from
the Stormberg beds (Trias or Rhsetic) of South Africa were
presented by Dr. Hugh Exton. Lower Carboniferous fishes from
Eskdale (Jex Coll.) and Upper Cretaceous fishes from the
Lebanon (Lewis Coll.) were purchased from Mr. R. Damon.

Brachiopoda from the Wenlock Shale of Shropshire were
presented by Mr. J. F. Walker. Graptolites and micro-sections
of tabulate corals were purchased from Prof. H. A. Nicholson.
Devonian star-fishes from Bundenbach, Rhenish Prussia, were
purchased from Mr. F. Braun. Corals and Stromatoporoids
from the Devonian of Torquay were presented by Mr. E. B.
Luxmoore. Carboniferous corals from Northumberland were
presented by Prof. H. A. Nicholson. A few bivalved shells from
the Coal Measures of Staffordshire, were presented by Mr. John
Ward. Some Liassic insects were presented by Rev. P. B.
Brodie. A collection of Post-Tertiary fossils from the Clyde was
presented by Dr. David Robertson.

Total number of acquisitions, 14,575.

1884.

The second portion of the collection of fossil Mammalia from
the Oligocene Phosphorites of Caylux and other localities in
S. France, was purchased from Mr. B. Stiirtz. A plaster cast of
the restored skeleton of Halitherium schinzi, from the Lower
Miocene of Hesse Darmstadt, was purchased from Prof. R.
Lepsius. Marsupial bones from river deposits in King's Creek,
Queensland, were presented by Mr. C. H. Hartmann. Mammalian
remains from Pen Park Cave, Westbury-on-Trym, were presented
by Mr. Spencer G. Perceval. The type-tooth of Macacus pliocenus
from Grays, Essex, and other Mammalian remains, were presented
by Sir Richard Owen. The parts of a human skeleton, described
by Owen, from Thames mud at Tilbury Docks, were presented
by the Directors of the E. and W. India Docks Co.

A fine skeleton of Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris, from the Lower
Lias of Street, Somersetshire, was presented by Mr. Alfred

236 Geology.

Gillett. A collection of bones of Iguanodon and Goniopholis, with
a, few fish-reraains, from the Wealden of Sussex, was purchased
from Mr. Charles Da wson. The type-specimens of Tritylodon and
JRhytidosteus from the Stormberg Beds, Orange River Colony,
were obtained by exchange with the Bloernfontein Museum. A
unique uncrushed skull of Loxomma allmanni, from the Coal
Measures of Coalbrookdale, was presented by Mr. George Maw.

Numerous fossil fishes from the Upper Cretaceous of the
Lebanon (E. R. Lewis Coll.) and from the Kimmeridgian of
Cirin, Ain, France, were purchased from Mr. R. Damon. A
gigantic fish-spine from the Carboniferous Limestone of Bristol,
described by Mr. J. W. Davis under the name of Phoderacanthus
grandis, was presented by the Earl of Ducie. The type-specimen
of Atherstonia scutata, from the Karoo Formation of Cape Colony,
was presented by the Hon. W. Guybon Atherstone.

A valuable miscellaneous collection of fossils, chiefly British,
was presented by Mr. Charles Westendarp. Some Greensancl
fossils from Blackdown were presented by Mr. W. Vicary. Car-
boniferous and Devonian fossils from Devonshire were presented
by Mr. J. E. Lee. Lower Carboniferous fossils from Scotland
{James Armstrong Coll.) were presented by Prof. T. C. Archer.
.Silurian and Cambrian fossils from Wales were presented by Dr.
H. Hicks. Eocene Ostracoda were presented by Prof. J . Morris ;
Post-Tertiary Ostracoda from the Clyde, by Dr. D. Robertson.

A continuation of the Gardner Collection of Lower Tertiary
plants, with a series of other British Cretaceous and Tertiary
fossils, was acquired by purchase.

Total number of acquisitions, 10,011.

1885.

The most important acquisition of this year was the extensive
•collection made by Mr. John Edward Lee and presented by him
to the Museum. A miscellaneous collection was also presented
by Prof, (afterwards Sir) Joseph Prestwich.

Pleistocene Mammalia from the Cae Gwyn and Ffynnoii
Beuno Caves, Vale of Clwyd, were presented by Dr. Henry
Hicks and Mr. E. B. Luxmoore; from the Coygau Cave,
Carmarthenshire, by Dr. Hicks ; from Windy Knoll and the
Creswell Caves, Derbyshire, by Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins. Part
of the upper jaw of a young Elephas from the Creswell Caves
was also presented by Mr. A. T. Metcalfe. Bones of Pleistocene

Geology. 237

Mammalia, especially Hippopotamus, from BaiTington, Cambridge,
were purchased from Mr. H. Keeping. A nearly complete
skeleton of Bhytina gigas from Behring Island, was purchased
from Mr. R. Damon. A nearly complete skeleton of Mylodon
robustus, from the Pampa of Buenos Ayres, was purchased from
Mr. E. Gerrard. Plaster casts of Dinocerata, from the Eocene
of North America, were presented by Prof. O. C. Marsh. Some
Mastodon teeth from the Siwalik Formation of Perim Island
were presented by Diwan Wajeshankar Gowreeshankar.

Additional remains of Iguanodon from the Wealden of Sussex
were purchased through Mr. Charles Dawson. Specimens of
Stereosternum tumidum, from the Permo-Carboniferous of San
Paulo, Brazil, were purchased from Mr. B. Stiirtz. Remains of
Miolania from Lord Howe's Island were presented by Mr. R. D.
Fitzgerald.

Some Elasrnobranch teeth from the Yoredale Rocks of
Wensleydale, Yorkshire, were purchased from Mr. W. Horne.

Small Silurian Brachiopoda from the Wenlock Shales were
presented by Mr. George Maw. Culm Trilobites from Devon-
shire were presented by Dr. Henry "Woodward. Devonian
fossils from South Africa were presented by Mr. W. E. Balston.
English Jurassic Corals were presented by Mr. R. F. Tomes.
Jurassic and other fossils from Meux' boring and the Richmond
boring in the London Basin, were presented by Prof. J. W. Judd.
Cephalopoda from the Grey Chalk and Gault of the Kentish
coast, were purchased from Mr. J. S. Gardner. Indian fossil
Echinoids were presented by the Director of the Geological
Survey of India. Miocene Mollusca from Morocco were presented
by Mr. John Ball. English Crag Mollusca, from the Searles
Wood Collection, were presented by Mrs. S. V. Wood. Mollusca
from the Pliocene of St. Erth, Cornwall, were purchased from
Mr. H. Keeping. Pliocene shells from Latakia, Syria, were
presented by Dr. G. E. Post. Post-Tertiary Mollusca collected
by Mr. J. S. Gardner at Husavik, Iceland, were presented by
the Council of the Royal Society.

Wealden plants from the neighbourhood of Hastings, were
presented by Mr. Philip Rufford. Plants from the Radstock and
Forest of Dean Coalfields, collected by Mr. R. Kidston, were
presented by the Council of the Royal Society. Lower Tertiary
plants from Ireland, collected by Mr. J. S. Gardner, were also-
presented by the Council of the Royal Society.

Total number of acquisitions, 40,662.

238 Geology.

1886.

The most important acquisition of this year was the collection
of Recent and Fossil Brachiopoda bequeathed to the Trustees by
the late Dr. Thomas Davidson.

Remains of Scelidotherium from the Pleistocene of Tarapaca,
Peru, subsequently described by Mr. R. Lydekker (Proc. Zool. Soc.,
1 886), were presented by Senor Don Modesto Basadre. Marsupial
remains from the Pleistocene of Queensland were presented by
Dr. George Bennett. Proboscidian and other Mammalian teeth
from the Siwalik Formation of Perim Island, Gulf of Cambay,
were presented by Col. J. W. Watson. Some Pleistocene bones
from the Karnul Caves, Madras, were presented by the Director
of the Geological Survey of India. Bones of Rodentia and other
small mammals from the caverns of Corsica, were purchased from
Dr. Forsyth Major.

The fine skeleton of Hyperodapedon gordoni, from the Triassic
sandstone of Elgin, subsequently described by Huxley (Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xliii., 1887), was presented by Rev.
George Gordon. The counterpart of the type-specimen of
Lepidotosaurus duffi, from the Magnesian Limestone of Durham,
was presented by Mr. W. C. Stobart. The type-specimen of
Clemmys watsoni, from the Siwalik Formation of Perim Island,
was presented by Col. J. W. Watson. A maxilla of Iguanodon,
from the Wealden of Sussex, described by Mr. J. W. Hulke
(Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xlii. 1886), was presented by
Mr. Henry Willett.

Two Eocene fishes (Diplomystus and Mioplosus) from the
Green River Shales of Wyoming, U.S.A., were presented by
Sir John Lubbock, Bart, (now Lord Avebury).

The Henry Johnson Collection of Wenlock and Carboniferous
fossils from the Dudley district, was acquired by purchase. A
large collection of Palaeozoic fossils from Devonshire was pur-
chased from Mr. Townsend M. Hall. Silurian Corals and
Trilobites from Yorke Peninsula, and Cretaceous and Tertiary
fossils from various localities in South Australia, were presented
by the Director of the Geological Survey of South Australia.
British Cretaceous fossils were purchased from Mr. J. S. Gardner.
Oligocene Mollusca from Headon Hill, Isle of Wight, and
Pliocene Mollusca from St. Erth, Cornwall, were presented by
Mrs. S. V. Wood. Additional Pliocene Mollusca from Latakia,
Syria, were presented by Dr. G. E. Post. Tertiary Mollusca

Geology. 239

from Muddy Creek, Victoria, were presented by Mr. J. Dennant.
Fossil Mollusca from Greenland were purchased from Mr. E.
Whymper. Two blocks of Eozoon canadense were presented by
the Director of the Geological Survey of Canada. London Clay
Foraminifera were purchased from Mr. C. D. Sherborn. The
type-specimens of Necroscilla wilsoni and Eoscorpius anglicus, from
the Coal Measures, were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson.

Tertiary plants collected by Mr. J. S. Gardner in the Island
of Mull and Ireland, were presented by the Council of the Royal
Society. Similar plants from Bournemouth and Alum Bay,
England, and Chiavon, Italy, were purchased from Mr. J. S.
Gardner. Tertiary plants from Greenland were purchased from
Mr. E. Whymper.

Total number of acquisitions, 37,821.

1887.

Valuable additions to the collection of British fossils were
made by the purchase of selections from the collections of the
late Dr. Harvey B. Holl, Dr. Thomas Wright, and Mr. Caleb
Evans.

A few more mammalian remains from the Siwalik Forma-
tion of Perim Island were presented by Col. J. W. Watson. A
human calvaria, found in excavations for the docks at Tilbury,
was presented by Mr. Donald S. Baynes.

Some feathers of Dinornis from New Zealand were purchased
from Sir Walter Buller. Part of a skeleton of Dinornis struthioides
was presented by Mr. N. Chevalier.

Additional Dinosaurian bones from the Wealden of Sussex
were purchased through Mr. Charles Dawson. Some Dinosaurian
bones from the Karoo Formation of S. Africa, Euskelesaurus and
Orosaurus, Huxley (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxiii., 1867),
were presented by Prof. T. H. Huxley.

A few Cephalaspidian fishes from the Ledbury Passage Beds
were presented by Mr. G. H. Piper. Elasmobranch teeth from
the Carboniferous Limestone of Ticknall, Derbyshire, were pur-
chased from Mr. Edward Wilson. The type-specimen of Holo-
centrum melitense, from the Miocene of Malta, was purchased
from the Duke of Argyll. Some nodules containing fishes, from
Glacial Clay, Bindalen, Norway, were presented by Mr. Henry
Tryon.

Miscellaneous rocks and .fossils from a deep boring at

240 Geology.

Richmond, Surrey, were presented by Mr. Colette Homersham.
Palaeozoic fossils from South Africa were presented by Mr. W.
Carruthers ; from Western Australia, by Mr. E. T. Hardman.
Mesozoic fossils from the Lake Eyre District were presented by
the Director of the Geological Survey of South Australia.
Tertiary fossils, chiefly Mollusca, from the Murray River, near
Adelaide, South Australia, were presented by Mr. William
Evans. Eocene Mollusca found between Cap d'Ailly and
Dieppe, were presented by Colonel L. Worthington Wilmer.
Oligocene fossils collected by Mr. Henry Keeping in the Isle of
Wight were presented by the Council of the Royal Society.
Post-Tertiary shells from the Solomon Isles were presented by
Mr. H. B. Guppy and Dr. H. B. Brady. Carboniferous
Crinoids and a specimen of Pentacrinus fossilis figured in
Buckland's " Bridgewater Treatise " were presented by Rev.
Canon J. E. Jackson.

Fossil plants collected by Mr. R. Kidston from the Somerset-
shire Coal Measures were presented by the Council of the Royal
Society.

Total number of acquisitions, 8370.

1888.

A second selection from the collection of the late Dr. Thomas
Wright was purchased from a dealer. Another valuable general
collection of British fossils, including some almost unique Chalk
fishes, was purchased from Mr. Frederick Harford. A collection
of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils, chiefly from Sussex, was
presented by Mr. P. E. Coombe.

An important series of Mammalian remains, collected by
Dr. Hans Pohlig in the Lower Pliocene deposits of Maragha,
Persia, was purchased from a dealer. A carapace and other
remains of Glyptodon, from the Pampa formation of Buenos
Ayres, were also acquired by purchase. A model in papier
mache of the skeleton of Dinoceras mirabile, from the Eocene of
Wyoming, U.S.A., was presented by Prof. O. C. Marsh. A fine
last lower molar of Mastodon angustidens, from the Red Crag of
Foxall, Suffolk, was purchased from Mr. G. C. E. Ker.

Additional bones of Wealden Dinosaurs from Sussex were
purchased through Mr. Charles Dawson. Footprints of Iguano-
don from Hastings (figured Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. x.,
1854), were presented by Mr. S. H. Beckles. An imperfect

Geology. 241

skeleton of Metriorhynchus from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough
was presented by Mr. Alfred 1ST. Leeds. Teleosaurian remains
from the Great Oolite of Northampton were purchased from
Mr. Thomas Jesson. Remains of Reptilia, Pisces, and Mollusca,
from the Cretaceous of Bahia, Brazil, were presented by Mr.
Joseph Mawson.

The first specimens of Cladoselache, a pectoral fin and a tail,
from the Upper Devonian of Ohio, were presented by Prof. J. S.
Newberry. Devonian fishes from Canada, collected by Mr. Jex,
were purchased from Mr. R. F. Damon. The type-specimen of
Cleithrolepis extoni, from the Karoo Formation of Orange River
Colony, was presented by Dr. Hugh Exton. The type-specimen
of Thrissops portlandicus, from the Portland Stone, was presented
by Mr. Frederick Harford.

A miscellaneous collection of fish-remains, shells, etc., from
the Eocene deposits north of the Sea of Aral, was presented by
Mr. W. Bateson. Many microscope-slides of invertebrate fossils
(Parkeria, etc.) were presented by Dr. John Millar and Mrs.
Millar. Some Palaeozoic fossils from Kashmir were presented
by Colonel Godwin- Austen. Devonian and Silurian fossils from
Galicia were presented by Prof. L. Szajnocha. Remains of
Trilobites from the Penrhyn Slate Quarries, Bethesda, were
presented by Mr. E. B. Luxmoore. Palaeozoic Ostracoda were
purchased from Mr. J. W. Kirk by ; Fuller's Earth Ostracoda
from Prof. T. Rupert Jones. Bracklesham Ostracoda were
presented by Prof. J. W. Judd. The Robert G. Bell Collection
of Crag Mollusca and Polyzoa was purchased from his executors.
Bivalves from the Norwich Crag were presented by Mr. R. E.
Leach. Several collections of Post-Pliocene Mollusca were
received as donations, namely : one from Barnwell, Cambridge,
presented by Mrs. McKenny Hughes ; from Clapton, Essex,
presented by Mr. J. E. Greenhill; from the Post-Pliocene
Manure Gravels, Wexford, coUected by Mr. Alfred Bell,
presented by the Council of the British Association ; from a
raised beach at Uddevalla, Sweden, presented by Mr. R. M.
Thorburn ; from Japan, presented by Prof. John Milne. Fora-
minifera from Hungary were presented by Dr. Max von
Hantken.

An additional collection of Austrian fossil leaves was pur-
chased from Baron Constantin von Ettingshauseru

Total number of acquisitions, 12,576.

VOL. I. E

242 Geology.

1889.

The most important acquisition this year was a series of
Lower Pliocene Mammalia from the Island of Samos, collected
by Dr. C. I. Forsyth Major and sold by him to the Trustees.
A valuable collection of fossils from the Eocene and Jurassic of
Madagascar, illustrating a paper by Mr. R. B. Newton (Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xlv., 1889), was presented by Rev. R. Baron.
Miscellaneous collections of British fossils were presented by
Mr. Frederick Harford and Mr. George Clifton ; and another
was purchased from Mrs. Baber.

A plaster cast of the type-specimen of Phenacodus primsevus,
from the Lower Eocene of Wyoming, was purchased from Prof.
E. D. Cope. A plaster cast of a skull and mandible of Brontops
robustus, from the Eocene of Wyoming, was presented by Prof.
O. C. Marsh. Remains of Pleistocene Mammalia from the
Bench Cavern, Brixham, near Torquay, were purchased from
Mr. W. Else. A molar of ElepJtas meridionalis from Dewlish,
Dorset, was presented by Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell. An antler
of an elk from Cleveland, Yorkshire, was presented by the
Christy Trustees. A mandible of Elephas primigenius from
Siberia (Cattley Collection) and a skull of Rhytina from Behring
Island, were acquired by purchase.

Additional bones of Wealden Dinosaurs from Sussex were
purchased through Mr. Charles Dawson. Remains of Ophthal-
mosaurus, Metriorhynchus, and Steneosaurus, from the Oxford
Clay of Peterborough, were presented by Mr. Alfred N. Leeds.
A specimen of Ichthyosaurus intermedius, from the Lower Lias
of Barrow-on-Soar, showing the integument of the paddle, was
presented by Mr. Montagu Browne.

A unique group of Cephalaspis murchisoni from the Ledbury
Passage Beds, and Cephalaspidian remains from the same forma-
tion, were presented by Mr. G. H. Piper. Large specimens
of Rhinobatus bugesiacus and Hypsocormus insignis, from the
Bavarian Lithographic Stone, were purchased from Mr. B.
Stiirtz. Fish-teeth from the Upper Cretaceous and Eocene of
Belgium were presented by Mr. Houzeau de Lehaie. Three
specimens of Priscacara, from the Green River Shales, Wyoming,
were presented by Mr. T. A. Rickard. Portions of the Rhsetic
bone-bed from Aust, with fish-remains, were presented by Mr.
Spencer G. Perceval.

Palaeozoic and Tertiary fossils from Australia and Tasmania

Geology. 243

were presented by Mr. (now Sir) C. Purdon Clarke. Some
Silurian fossils from the collection of the late Mr. John Gray,
of Hagley, were purchased from Mr. F. H. Butler. Tremadoc
fossils from Shineton, Shropshire, were purchased from Mr. Henry
Keeping. Cephalopoda from the Muschelkalk near Hallstatt
were purchased through Dr. E. von Mojsisovics. Paris Eocene
Mollusca were presented by Mr. E. de Boury, and Barton
Clay Mollusca by Mr. R. Etheridge. Pliocene Mollusca from
Florida were presented by Mr. Joseph Willcox. Marine
Mollusca from British Glacial deposits were presented by Mr.
R. D. Darbishire. Non-marine Mollusca from the Barnwell
Gravels, Cambridge, were presented by Rev. E. S. Dewick.
Scolithus and Arenicolites from the Cambrian of Durness were
presented by the Duke of Argyll. Fossil corals from Barbados
were presented by Colonel H. W. Feilden. Microscope-sections
of Foraminiferal and other skeletons, illustrating some of his own
papers, were presented by Mr. H. J. Carter. Nummulites from
Mentone were presented by Mr. E. B. Luxmoore.
Total number of acquisitions, 10,192.

1890.

The most important acquisitions this year were a first
instalment of a collection of Oxfordian Reptilia, purchased from
Messrs. Alfred N. and Charles E. Leeds, and a first instalment
of a collection of Wealden Plants purchased from Mr. P. J.
Rufford. The second instalment of Dr. Forsyth Major's collection
of Lower Pliocene Mammalia from Samos was also purchased.
The late Mr. Robert Damon's collection illustrating his " Geology
of Weymouth and the Isle of Portland," and additional British
fossils from the Gavey and Thomas Wright Collections, were
acquired by purchase. Miscellaneous British fossils were pre-
sented by Mrs. Leifchild. The Goldenberg Collection, chiefly
from the Lower Permian of Rhenish Prussia, was purchased
from Prof. Schenk of Leipzig. The McCormick Collection of
fossils from the Arctic Regions, Madeira, Kerguelen Land, the
Falkland Islands, and Tasmania, was received as a bequest.
Miscellaneous Tertiary and Post-Tertiary fossils from Barbados
were presented by Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne.

Mammalian remains from a Turbary at Walthamstow were
presented by Mr. J. E. Greenhill. A few bones and teeth of
Rhinoceros and other remains from surface deposits, Sarawak,

244 Geology.

Borneo, were presented by Mr. A. H. Everett. A skull of
Oreodon culbertsoni, from the White River Formation of Dakota,
was presented by Prof. Joseph Leidy.

Specimens of Palseaspis americana, from the Upper Silurian
of Pennsylvania, were presented by Prof. E. W. Claypole.

A second collection of Cephalopoda and other Mollusca, from
the Trias of Hallstatt, was purchased through Dr. E. von
Mojsisovics. Jurassic Cephalopoda from Dorsetshire were pur-
chased from Mr. S. S. Buckman. Cretaceous and Tertiary
Mollusca from Montana were presented by Mr. E. S. Cameron.
Mollusca and other fossils from the London Clay of Fareham
were presented by Mr. J. W. Elwes. Miocene Mollusca and
other fossils from Malta were presented by Dr. (now Sir) John
Murray. Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca from various localities
in the Thames Valley were presented by Mr. F. C. J. Spurrell
and Mr. B. B. Woodward ; from Staines, by Mr. J. Allen Brown ;
from Moorfields, by Mr. T. Warburton ; from Blackfriars Road,
by Mr. C. J. A. Meyer ; from Fulham, by Mr. F. Chapman ; and
from the Lea Valley, by Mr. J. E. Greenhill. A few American
Palaeozoic Crinoids and Blastoids were presented by Dr. F. A.
Bather ; some Devonian Pentremites from Kentucky, by Mr.
Hugh Kimbley. Cambro-Silurian Sponges from Canada were
presented by Sir J. William Dawson. Syringosphsera from the
Karakoram, Kashmir, was presented by Dr. William King.

Specimens of the Glossopteris Flora from South Africa were
presented by Mr. D. Draper, Mr. G. J. Lee, and the Council of
the Royal Society ; from Argentina, by Dr. H. D. Hoskold.

Total number of acquisitions, 7057.

1891.

The collection of the late Mr. S. H. Beckles, purchased from
his widow, formed a most important accession to the general series
of British fossils. A valuable collection of Eocene and Mesozoic
fossils from the south of England, was also purchased from
Mr. J. B. Ogle. A collection of Chalk fossils, chiefly from
Burhain, Kent, was presented by Mr. S. J. Hawkins. Fossils
from the Red Chalk were purchased from Mr. Thomas Jesson.

A newly discovered frontlet of Saiga tatarica, from the
Thames deposits at Twickenham, was presented by Dr. J. R.
Leeson. Remains of bison and reindeer dug up in Buckingham
Palace Road, were presented by the Duke of Westminster. The

Geology. 245

antlers of Cervus elaphus, from tufa at Alport, near Bakewell,
Derbyshire, described by R. Barber (Phil. Tram., 1785, p. 353),
and subsequently by H. Woodward (Geol. Mag., 1898, p. 49, pi. ii.),
were presented by Mr. Frank S. Goodwin. A skull of Titano-
tlierium and a skull of Hysenodon Jiorridus from the White River
Formation of Dakota, were acquired by purchase.

A restored skeleton of Pachyornis robustus from New Zealand
was purchased.

Important remains of Iguanodon and other Wealden Dinosaurs
were contained in the Beckles Collection. Another instalment
of the Leeds Collection of Oxfordian Reptilia was purchased.
The supposed reptilian eggs, Ooliihes bathonicse, from the Great
Oolite, described by J. Buckman (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,
vol. xvi.), were presented by the Earl of Ducie.

Unique Chalk fishes were contained in the Beckles and
Hawkins Collections. A fine slab of Portheus, two specimens of
Empo, and one of Ichthyodectes, from the Chalk of Kansas, were
acquired by purchase. The Weston Collection of fishes from the
North Staffordshire coalfield was purchased. A few Devonian
fish-remains from Spitzbergen were presented by Dr. A. S.
Woodward.

Some Palaeozoic fossils from the Falkland Islands were
presented by Dr. H. H. Hoffert. A series of Mesozoic and
Palaeozoic Entomostraca was purchased from Prof. T. Rupert
Jones. Two Tertiary Brachyurous Crustacea from Akita,
N. Japan, were presented by Mr. B. Clarke Thornhill. Fossil
insects from the Tertiary of Wyoming and Colorado were
presented by Mr. R. C. Hills. Jurassic Ammonites from
£5omaliland were presented by Mr. J. G. Nicholson. Miocene
Mollusca from Java were presented by Mr. Julien Debey.
Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca from Brentford and Kew (Belt
Coll.), were presented by Mrs. Belt ; from Chelmsford and
Portland, by Mr. B. B. Woodward; from Whitehall, by Mr.
W. J. Lewis Abbott. Pleistocene Mollusca from N. Italy and
S. France, were presented by Mr. Clement Reid. An important
collection of Devonian Echinoderma, especially Asteroidea and
Ophiuroidea, from Bundenbach, Rhenish Prussia, was purchased
from Mr. B. Sttirtz, who had described many of the specimens.
A collection of Palaeozoic Crinoidea, including type- and figured
specimens, was purchased from Mr. J. G. Grenfell. Cretaceous
Echinoids from Algeria were purchased from Mr. B. Stiirtz.
Some Brachiopoda from the Inferior Oolite of Dorsetshire, were

246 Geology.

presented by Mr. J. F. Walker. A collection of slides of Polyzoa
and other minute organisms was purchased from Mr. G. R. Vine.
Fossil corals from Barbados were presented by Mr. G. Firth
Franks ; from Antigua, by Mrs. E. Turner.

Fx>cene plants from Florissant, Colorado, were presented by
Mr. R. C. Hills. A few Wealden plants from Hastings were
purchased from Mr. P. J. Rufford.

Total number of acquisitions, 15,211.

1892.

The Widger Collection of remains of Pleistocene Mammals
and Birds from the Tor Bryan Caves, Torquay, was purchased
from Mr. F. H. Butler. A similar collection from the Heathery
Burn Cave, Durham, was presented by Rev. Canon Green well.
A piece of skin of the Mammoth from Siberia was obtained by
exchange with the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.

A plaster cast of the hind limb (without the phalanges) of
Brontornis burmeisterl, from Lake Argentine, Patagonia, was
presented by Dr. F. P. Moreno. Bones of Dodo from Mauritius
were presented by Sir Charles Cameron Lees.

Among Reptilia the most important acquisitions were the
type-skeleton of Pariasaurus baini, an incomplete skeleton of
Pariasaurus bombidens, and other remains obtained by Prof.
H. G. Seeley from the Karoo Formation of South Africa,
presented by the Council of the Royal Society. A unique skull
with shoulder-girdle of Procolophon trigoniceps, from the same
formation, was presented by Dr. Hugh Exton. Remains of
Iguanodon, from the Wealden of Sussex, were again purchased
through Mr. Charles Dawson. Another instalment of the Leeds
Collection of Oxfordian Reptilia was purchased. Two complete
shells and other remains of Testudo grandidieri, from caverns in
Madagascar, were purchased from Mr. H. Grose-Smith.

The portion of the Leeds Collection purchased this year
included many important fish-remains from the Oxford Clay of
Peterborough. Two Jurassic fishes (Lycoptera sinensis) from
Shantung, China, were presented by Mr. H. M. Becher. The
John Plant Collection of fish-remains from the Coal Measures,
near Manchester, was purchased. Important fishes from the
Devonian of Canada, and fragments of Pteraspis comnbica
from the Devonian of Cornwall, all collected by Mr. Jex, were
purchased from Mr. R. F. Damon. Selachian teeth from the

Geology. 247

Tertiary of Bissex Hill, Barbados, were presented by Col.
H. W. Feilclen.

Miscellaneous Invertebrata, collected by the late Mr. W. F.
Jennings of High worth, from the Mesozoic rocks of Britain, were
presented by Miss Ethel A. Thomas. Collections of Invertebrata
from the Inferior Oolite of Yeovil and from the Oxford Clay of
St. Ives, were purchased from Mr. Henry Monk and Mr. T. Jesson
respectively. The type-specimen of Palseotermes ellisi, from
the Lower Lias of Barrow-on-Soar, was presented by Mr.
Montagu Browne. Upper Silurian Ostracoda were purchased
from Prof. T. Rupert Jones. British and French Eocene
Mollusca were purchased from Mr. J. S. Gardner. A slab of
shell-marble from La Luz, New Mexico, was presented by
Mr. O. H. Howarth. Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca from
Bohemia were purchased from Dr. Anton Fritsch. Pleistocene
Mollusca from Barbados were presented by Right Rev. Bishop
Mitchinson ; from Malta, by Mr. J. H. Cooke. Pleistocene non-
marine Mollusca from Grays and the Kennet Valley ( J. Pickering
Collection), were presented by the Council of the Geologists'
Association. Miocene Echinoids from Malta were presented by
Mr. J. H. Cooke. A unique specimen of Amplexus from the
Carboniferous Limestone of Weston was purchased from Rev.
H. G. Tomkins. A collection of slides of Foraminifera and other
minute organisms, made by the late Prof. W. K. Parker, was
purchased from Prof. W. N. Parker. The collection of the late
Dr. W. B. Carpenter, illustrating his researches on Eozoon
canadense, was presented by Rev. J. Estlin Carpenter. Fora-
minifera from the Upper Chalk of Taplow were purchased from
Mr. F. Chapman; from the Tertiary of Trinidad, from Mr.
R. J. Lechmere Guppy. Specimens of Radiolarian marl from
Barbados were presented by Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne.

Remains of Glossopteris and associated plants, collected by
Mr. Edgar Hall in New South Wales, were presented by Mr.
W. H. Shrubsole. Another instalment of the Rufford Collection
of Wealden plants was purchased.

Total number of acquisitions, 11,781.

1893.

The most remarkable acquisitions this year were remains of
extinct lemurs, Hippopotamus, Aepyornis, crocodiles, etc., from
the superficial deposits of Madagascar, purchased from Mr.

248 Geology.

C. F. Wills and Mr. Joseph H. Fenn, and through Mr. Edward
Gerrard. Among these fossils was the type-skull of Megaladapis
madagascariensis, described by Dr. Forsyth Major.

Middle Miocene Mammalia from La Grive-St.-Alban (Isere),
France, were purchased from Dr. Forsyth Major. Mammalian
remains (with a few Mollusca), collected by Mr. J. H. Cooke in
the Har Dalam caverns, Malta, were presented by the Council of
the Royal Society. An important series of Pleistocene Mammalia
from Crayford and Erith, Thames Valley, was presented by Mr.
F. C. J. Spurrell. A mammalian tooth from the Wealden of
Hastings was presented by Sir John Evans.

A skeleton of Aptornis defossor, found by Mr. W. S. Mitchell
at Castle Rock, South Island, New Zealand, was purchased from
Mr. A. Hamilton. Remains of Dinornithidffi, including scapulo-
coracoids, from New Zealand, were purchased from Dr. H. O.
Forbes. Remains of Aphanapteryx, from the Chatham Islands,
were purchased from Mr. E. Gerrard. Pleistocene bird-bones
from Corsica and Sardinia, described by Mr. R. Lydekker (Proc.
Zool. Soc., 1891), were purchased from Dr. Forsyth Major.

The type-jaws of Pariasaurus russouioi, from the Karoo
Formation of South Africa, obtained and described by Prof.
H. G. Seeley, were presented by the Council of the Royal
Society. The type-skull of Steneosaurus baroni, R. B. Newton,
from the Jurassic of N. W. Madagascar, was presented by Rev.
R. Baron. Plaster casts of the type-specimens of Triassic Reptilia
from Elgin, described by Mr. E. T. Newton (Phil Trans., 1893),
were purchased. More Oxfordian Reptilia from the Leeds Col-
lection were purchased. Wealden Reptiles, Fishes, and Plants
were purchased from Mr. P. J. Rufford.

A collection of Lower Devonian Fishes, with a few Crustacean
and Plant-remains, from Forfarshire, was purchased from Rev.
Hugh Mitchell. Some Lower Carboniferous Elasmobranch teeth
from Mjatschkowa, Moscow, were also purchased. The largest
known dentition of Myliobatis (M. pentoni), from the Eocene near
Cairo, was presented by Surg.-Capt. R. H. Penton.

A large series of Silurian fossils from Gotland was collected
and presented by Dr. F. A. Bather. Remains of Olenellus from
the Lower Cambrian, Caer Caradoc, were purchased from Mr.
R. F. Damon. Gault Ostracoda and Foraminif era were purchased
from Mr. F. Chapman. Some Cephalopoda from the Carboni-
ferous Limestone of Ireland were presented by Dr. A. H. Foord.
Inferior Oolite Nautili were purchased from Mr. S. S. Buckman.

Geology. 249

Eocene Mollusca from the Paris Basin, formerly in the collection of
Miss Etheldred Benett, were presented by Mr. J. Benett-Stanford.
Miocene Mollusca from N. Carolina were presented by Mr.
Joseph Willcox. Additional Lower Devonian Asteroids from
Bundenbach were purchased from Mr. B. Stiirtz. Crinoids from
the Trenton Limestone were purchased from Dr. H. M. Ami.
Specimens of Palaeozoic Crinoidal limestone from N.W. of Cabul,
Afghanistan, were presented by Mr. A. L. Collins. The G-. R.
Vine Collection of Polyzoa and the W. Gamble Collection of
Cretaceous Polyzoa, were purchased. Specimens of Salterella
from the Lower Cambrian of Sutherland, were presented by the
Duke of Argyll.

Two cores of Carboniferous sandstone and Carboniferous
plant-remains from the Dover boring were presented by Mr.
Francis Brady. Plants from the Forest of Dean Coalfield
were purchased from Mr. T. Stock. Remains of the Glossopteris
Flora from South Africa were presented by Mr. David Draper.
Two specimens of Arihrophycus, obtained by Mr. G. E. Ferguson,
probably from a Palaeozoic formation in the interior of Gold
Coast Colony, were presented by Prof. J. W. Judd.

Total number of acquisitions, 11,948.

1894.

Two important general collections were acquired this year by
purchase, namely : (1) that of Prof, (afterwards Sir) Joseph
Prestwich from the Coal Measures of Coalbrookdale, and (2)
that of Mr. T. Jesson from the Cambridge Green sand. Two
extensive collections from the Cretaceous of Bahia, Brazil, were
presented by Mr. Samuel Allport and Mr. Joseph Mawson
respectively; the former had been described in the Quarterly
Journal of the Geological Society, 1859 ; the latter contained
the first evidence of Pterodactyls from South America.

Lower Pliocene Mammalia from Samos, including a skull of
Orycteropm, were purchased from Mr. B. Stiirtz. A mandibular
ramns of Mastodon humboldti from Brazil was included in Mr.
Mawson's donation already mentioned. Miscellaneous bones of
Mammalia and Aepyornis from Madagascar, were purchased from
Messrs. J. H. Fox & Co., E. Gerrard, and J. T. Last. An antler
of Reindeer and a skull of Bison from Thames deposits at
Twickenham, were presented by Dr. J. R. Leeson and Mr. G. B.
Laffan.

250 Geology.

Middle Miocene bird-remains from La Grive-St.-Alban, were
purchased from Dr. Forsyth Major. A sacrum, humerus, and
radius of Harpagornis moorei from Oamaru, New Zealand, were
presented by Dr. H. O. Forbes.

Remains of large Dinosauria from the Jurassic of South West
Madagascar, described by Mr. R. Lydekker (Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc., vol. li., 1895), were purchased from Mr. E. Gerrard.
Dinosaurian bones from the Wealden of Sussex were purchased
through Mr. Charles Dawson. Skulls and other remains of
Pliosauria from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough were purchased
from Mr. Alfred N. Leeds. A small Cretaceous Dolichosaurian
from the Island of Lesina, Dalmatia, was purchased from Mr. B.
Stiirtz.

Fish-remains from the Upper Silurian of Oesel, Baltic Sea,
collected by Mr. A. Simonson, were purchased from him and
from Dr. F. Krantz. Specimens of Palseospondylus gunni,
obtained by Mr. Donald Calder from the Old Red Sandstone of
Caithness, also plates of Homostem milleri from the same forma-
tion, were purchased from Mr. F. H. Butler. Plates of Astero-
lepis maxima from the Upper Old Red Sandstone of Nairn, were
presented by Dr. R. H. Traquair. The John Ward Collection
of Fishes and Amphibia from the Coal Measures of Staffordshire,
was acquired by purchase.

Silurian and Devonian Invertebrata from Herault, France,
were purchased. Part of the Madeley Collection of Silurian
Invertebrata from Dudley, was obtained by exchange. Jurassic
Invertebrata from Gloucestershire and Dorsetshire were pur-
chased from Mr. S. S. Buckman. Some Tertiary limestones
from Borneo were presented by Mr. A. H. Everett. A specimen
of Triarthrux becJfi, showing appendages, from the Utica Slate,
New York, was presented by Prof. O. C. Marsh. Tertiary
Mollusca from Alabama were purchased from Mr. G. B. Sowerby;
Pliocene Mollusca from Monte Mario, near Rome, from Mr. A.
Martinetti; and English Crag Mollusca (collected by the late
Mr. Robert Bell), from Mr. R. F. Damon. Cretaceous Mollusca
from the Umtamvana River, Natal, were presented by the
Government of Natal ; Oligocene and Miocene Mollusca from
Bordeaux were presented by Messrs. G. F. Harris and H. W.
Burrows ; and Miocene Mollusca and Corals from Antigua, were
presented by Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne. Crinoids from the Carboni-
ferous Limestone of Alveston, Bristol, were purchased from
Mr. T. Stock. Tertiary Polyzoa from New Zealand, labelled

Geology. 251

and partly described by Mr. A. W. Waters, were purchased
from Mrs. H. Tabor. Some Calci-sponges from the English
Inferior Oolite, described by Dr. Hinde in his ' ' Monograph of
British Fossil Sponges " (Palseontographical Society), were pre-
sented by Mr. R. F. Tomes. Nummulitic limestone from Mtirren,
Bernese Oberland, was presented by Sir John Lubbock, Bart.
(now Lord Avebury) and Mr. R. Etheridge. Gault Foraminifera
were purchased from Mr. F. Chapman.

A large collection of fossil plants from the Coal Measures of
Radstock, Somersetshire, was presented by Mr. James McMurtrie.
An additional instalment of the Rufford Collection of Wealden
plants was purchased.

Total number of acquisitions, 16,305.

1895.

Several important private collections were acquired this year-
A large selection of English fossils (except insects) from the
collection of Rev. P. B. Brodie, was purchased. English Jurassic
and Cretaceous fossils, collected by Mr. W. C. Lucy, were pre-
sented by Mr. Edward Power. The collection of the late Mr.
J. W. Hulke, chiefly Dinosaurian bones from the Wealden of
the Isle of Wight, was presented by Mrs. Hulke. The collection
of the late Mr. James W. Davis, chiefly fossil fishes, was pur-
chased from Mrs. Davis. Prof. H. A. Nicholson's collection of
Stromatoporoids was purchased. Another instalment of the
Madeley Collection of Upper Silurian and Carboniferous fossils
was purchased from Mr. R. F. Damon. A collection of flints
and Mammalian bones, illustrating the Palaeolithic floor at
Crayford described in Quart. Journ. GeoL Soc., vol. xxxvi. (1880),
was presented by Mr. F. C. J. Spurrell.

A plaster cast of the calvaria of Pithecanthropus erectus
from Java was presented by Dr. E. Dubois. A skull and horn
of Rhinoceros antiquitatis from Siberia were purchased from Mr.
R. F. Damon. A skull of Titanotherium from the White River
Formation of Dakota was purchased from Prof. H. A. Ward.
Lower Pliocene Mammalia collected by Dr. Forsyth Major at
Olivola, North Italy, were purchased through Mr. F. H. Butler.
Remains of Hippopotamus and Aepyornis from Madagascar,
collected by Rev. James Wills, were also purchased.

Another important donation of fossil Reptilia (Cynognathus,
Gomphognathm, &c.), collected by Prof. H. G. Seeley in the
Karoo Formation of South Africa, was received from the Council

252 Geology.

of the Royal Society. A few Oxfordian Reptilia were pur-
chased from Mr. Alfred N. Leeds. Dinosaurian teeth from the
Portlandian of Aylesbury were presented by Mr. J. Alstone.
A plaster cast of a skeleton of Iguanodon bernissartensis was
obtained by exchange with the Brussels Royal Museum of
Natural History.

A fragment of Belonostomus sweeti, from the Cretaceous of
Queensland, was presented by Mr. George Sweet.

Invertebrata and plants from the Jurassic and other forma-
tions of Madagascar, partly described by R. B. Newton (Quart.
Jaurn. Geol. Soc., vol. li., 1895), were presented by Rev. R. Baron.
Jurassic Invertebrata from Normandy were purchased from
Mrs. J. F. Blake. Invertebrate fossils and Radiolarian Chert
from the Lower Culm Measures of North Cornwall, described
by Howard Fox and G. J. Hinde (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. li.,
1 895), were presented by those gentlemen. A fine Scorpion
(Cyclophthalmus) from the Lower Permian of Bohemia, was
purchased from Prof. J. Kusta. Specimens of TriartJirus lecki,
showing appendages, from the Utica Slate, New York, were
presented by Prof. O. C. Marsh. A slab of Uintacrinus from
the Chalk of Kansas, described and figured (Proc. Zool. Soc. for
1895), was purchased from Mr. H. T. Martin. Eighty-eight
Echinoderms of the Madeley collection were purchased. Speci-
mens of Archanodon juJcesi, from the Upper Old Red Sandstone
of Llanvaches, Monmouthshire, were presented by Mr. Percy
Hawkins. Non-marine Mollusca from the Thames deposits at
Twickenham were presented by Dr. J. R. Leeson. Specimens
of Brachiospongia from the Ordovician of Kentucky were pre-
sented by Prof. O. C. Marsh. Sponges from the Coral Rag and
Chalk of Yorkshire were purchased from Mr. S. Chadwick.

A unique specimen of Cycadeoidea gigantea, from the Purbeck
Beds of Portland, described by A. C. Seward (Quart. Journ.
Geol. Soc., vol. liii., 1897), was purchased from Mr. R. F.
Damon. Fossil plants from Inferior Oolite, Scarborough, were
also purchased.

The collection of deep-sea deposits made by H.M.S. Challenger
was received from Dr. (now Sir) John Murray.

Total number of acquisitions, 9366.

1896.

The most important acquisition this year was the late Prof.
W. C. Williamson's Collection of Carboniferous Plants, especially

Geology. 253

microscope-sections, purchased from his executors. A unique
collection of remains of fossil birds from the Santa Cruz
formation of Patagonia, described by C. W. Andrews (Trans.
Zool. Sac., vol. xv., 1899), was purchased from Dr. Florentine
Ameghino. The residue of the late Sir Joseph Prestwich's
Collection, including flint implements, was presented by Lady
Prestwich. A large selection from the Collection of the late
Mr. "W. Pengelly was presented by Mrs. Pengelly. A selection
from the late Mr. T. J. Slatter's Collection of Jurassic fossils,
with a few Mammalian remains from Evesham, was purchased
from Miss P. Slatter.

A valuable collection of Mammalian remains, with a few
lower organisms, from the White River Formation of Dakota,
U.S.A., was purchased through Prof. W. B. Scott. Bone-breccia,
with remains of Burrantys, Perameles, &c., from the Wombeyan
Caves, New South Wales, was presented by Dr. R. Broom. A
skull of Bos primifjenius from Twickenham was presented by Dr.
J. R. Leeson.

A nearly complete skeleton of one individual of Dinornis
maximus from New Zealand was purchased from Mr. C. A.
Ewen.

A few additional Reptilia from the Oxford Clay of Peter-
borough were purchased from Mr. Alfred N. Leeds. Remains
of Microsauria from the Coal Measures, South Joggins, Nova
Scotia, were presented by Sir J. William Dawson. Some remains
of Reptiles and Fishes from the Cretaceous near Bahia, Brazil,
were presented by Mr. Joseph Mawson.

Specimens of Palseospondylus and other Fishes from the Old
Red Sandstone of Caithness, were presented by Mr. James Reid.
An important small collection of fish-remains from the Upper
Old Red Sandstone of Scaat Craig, Elgin, was purchased from
Major Lambart Brickenden. Three specimens of Cladoselache
from the Upper Devonian of Ohio (William Clark Collection),
were purchased from Prof. E. W. Claypole.

Miscellaneous fossils from the Rhsetic, Aust Cliff", were pur-
chased from Mr. F. Ellis. Invertebrata from the Lower Lias of
Somersetshire were presented by Mr. Spencer G. Perceval ;
from the Gault of Okeford Fitzpaine, Dorset, by Miss Lowndes.
Fossils from the Salt Range, India, were presented by Mr. F. G.
Brook Fox ; from Somaliland, by Mrs. E. Lort Phillips. Lower
Carboniferous Invertebrata from Mjatschkowa, Moscow, were
purchased from Mr. R. F. Damon ; Miocene Invertebrata from

254 Geology.

Malta, from Mr. J. H. Cooke ; Cretaceous Invertebrata from
the Lebanon, from Rev. C. H. V. Gollmer. Trilobites from the
Culm Measures near Barnstaple were presented by Mr. J. G.
Handling ; from the Silurian of Mount Stephen, British Columbia,
by Mr. George de Wolf. Lower Pliocene Mollusca from North
Italy, noticed by Gwyn Jeffreys (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,
vol. xl., 1884), were presented by Colonel God win- Austen.
Pleistocene Mollusca from the Rubble Drift of Portland and
Sangatte (France), were presented by Rev. R. Ashington Bullen.
Non-marine Mollusca from deposits near London, were presented
by Dr. Frank Corner. Tertiary Mollusca from Australia and
Tasmania were purchased from Mr. R. F. Damon. Jurassic and
Cretaceous Echinoids from France were purchased from Mr.
A. Michalet. The late Mr. G. W. Shrubsole's Collection of
Palaeozoic Polyzoa was presented by Mr. George Shrubsole.

Plant-remains from the Miocene lignites of the Siebengebirge,
near Bonn, were purchased from Mr. B. Stiirtz.

Total number of acquisitions, 16,262.

1897.

Mr. A. C. Savin's Collection of Vertebrata, chiefly Mammalia,
from the Forest Bed Series of Norfolk, was acquired by purchase.
A second instalment of Dr. Forsyth Major's Collection of Lower
Pliocene Mammalia from Olivola was also purchased. Remains
of pigmy elephants obtained by Dr. Hans Pohlig from the
caverns of Sicily, were purchased from Dr. F. Krantz. Some
jaws of Rodentia from the Fish River Caves, Blue Mountains,
New South Wales, were presented by Mr. H. Spearing. Limb-
bones of Genyornis newtoni from Mulligan Springs, South
Australia, were received in exchange from Prof. E. C. Stirling.

Important remains of Reptilia from the Oxford Clay of
Peterborough, were purchased from Mr. Alfred N. Leeds. Jaws
of Euskelesaurus and other remains from the Karoo Formation of
South Africa (described in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6,
vol. xiv., 1894), were presented by Prof. H. G. Seeley. A
specimen of Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi, showing the palate,
from the Lithographic Stone of Eichstiidt, was purchased from
Dr. F. Krantz.

Specimens of Atlierstonia and other Palseoniscid fishes from
the Karoo Formation of South Africa, were presented by Prof.
H. G. Seeley, Mr. T. J. Haughton, and Mr. S. Kemper.

Geology. 255

Fossils from the neighbourhood of Nagpur, Central India,
were bequeathed by the late Rev. Dr. John Hunter; from
British Honduras, were presented by the Administrator of the
Colony ; from the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary of Algeria,
were purchased from Mr. R. F. Damon. Lower Carboniferous
Invertebrata from the Pennine Hills and the Isle of Man were
presented by Messrs. J. Barnes and W. F. Holroyd; Lower Jurassic
Invertebrata from Somersetshire and Dorsetshire were purchased
from Mr. Henry Monk. Some Bohemian Trilobites from the
Barrande Collection were purchased from Dr. Anton Fritsch.
Tertiary and Cretaceous Mollusca from Galveston, Texas, were
purchased from Mr. J. A. Singley. The Worthen Collection of
American Palaeozoic Echinoderms, chiefly Blastoideaand Crinoidea,
was purchased. Polyzoa from the Irish Chalk were presented
by Mr. Joseph Wright ; other Cretaceous Polyzoa were presented
by Dr. H. P. Blackmore, Mr. C. J. A. Meyer, and Mr. H. A.
Hinton. A specimen of Nummulitic Limestone from Singhe La,
Himalaya, was presented by Mr. T. D. La Touche.

Remains of the Glossopteris Flora from South Africa, described
by A. C. Seward (Quart. Journ. Geol Soc., vol. liii., 1897), were
presented by Mr. David Draper.

Total number of acquisitions, 7562.

1898.

The most important collection acquired this year was that of
Fossil Insects made by the late Rev. P. B. Brodie, purchased
from his executor. The collection of the late Mr. G. H. Piper,
consisting chiefly of fossils from the Upper Silurian and Passage
Beds at Ledbury, was also purchased from his executor. A
nearly similar but comparatively small collection made by the
late Rev. T. T. Lewis, of Aymestry, was purchased from Mr.
T. Bryan Ward. The Castelli Collection, chiefly Tertiary fossils
from N". Italy, was purchased from Mr. R. F. Damon.

Part of a skull of Balsena australis from a river deposit at
Villa Constitucion, on the Parana, Argentine Republic, was
presented by Mr. A. C. Gostling. Jaws of cave-bear from a
cavern at Isturitz, Bayonne, were presented by Mr. George
Greenwood. A tooth of Elasmotherium from Saratov, Russia,
was presented by Mr. Karl Masing.

The skull and other remains of a bird (Proplisethon shrub-
solei, Andrews, Proc. ZooL Soc., 1899), from the London Clay of

256 Geology.

Sheppey, Avere purchased from Mr. W. H. Shrubsole. A plaster
cast of the type-specimen of ArcJiseopteryx siemensi, in the Berlin
Museum, was purchased from Dr. F. Krantz. Bones of birds
from the Chatham Islands were purchased through Mr. J. D.
Enys.

A fine skeleton of Ichthyosaurus platyodon, from the Lower
Lias of Stockton, Warwickshire, was presented by Mr. Michael
Lakin. Wealden Dinosaurian bones from Sussex were purchased
through Mr. Charles Dawson. A Reptilian egg from the Oxford
Clay, Peterborough, was presented by Mr. Alfred N. Leeds.

A large specimen of Squatina alifera and other fish-remains
from the Lithographic Stone of Nusplingen, Wiirtemberg, were
purchased from Mr. B. Stiirtz. Three Characinoid fishes from a
Tertiary Lignite at Taubate, San Paulo, Brazil, were obtained
by exchange with the San Paulo Museum. Valuable Cephal-
aspidians were contained in the Piper Collection.

Palaeozoic Invertebrata from Tasmania were presented by
Mr. T. Stephens; from Russia by Dr. F. A. Bather. A few
Upper Carboniferous Invertebrata from Shansi, China, were
presented by Mr. W. H. Shockley. Remarkable preparations of
Eurypterus from the Upper Silurian, Island of Oesel, were
purchased from Dr. G. Holm. Mollusca from the Carboniferous
Limestone of Yorkshire were presented by Rev. Addison
Crofton. American Palaeozoic Polyzoa were purchased from
Mr. E. O. Ulrich ; English Cretaceous Polyzoa from Mr. W.
Gamble ; and French Cretaceous Polyzoa from Mr. F. H. Butler.
Specimens of Radiolarian Chert from Japan were presented by
Dr. T. Kochibe.

Another instalment of the Rufford Collection of Wealden
plants was purchased. Remains of the Glossopteris flora from
the Transvaal were presented by Dr. F. H. Hatch ; from
Tasmania by Mr. T. Stephens.

Total number of acquisitions, 13,012.

1899.

A large collection of fossils, including Mammalia, obtained
by Mr. Jex from Patagonia, was purchased from Mr. R. F. Damon.
An extensive series of Tertiary fossils from Anguilla, Dominica,
Antigua, and Barbuda, in the West Indies, was collected and
presented by Dr. J. W. Gregory. The latter included remains
of the Rodent Amblyrhiza in cave-breccia from Anguilla.

Geology. 257

Remains of the large Megaladapis insignis from Madagascar
were purchased from Mr. R. F. Damon. A skull of Castoroides
ohioemis from the Pleistocene of Illinois was obtained by exchange
with the U.S. National Museum.

Part of the skeleton of a gigantic Dinosaur, Cetiosaurus leedsi,
from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough, was purchased from
Mr. Alfred N. Leeds.

A small series of Teleostean Fishes from the Chalk of
Bohemia was purchased from Dr. Anton Fritsch. Thelodus and
Birkenia from the Upper Silurian of Lanarkshire were purchased
from Mr. F. H. Butler. Specimens of Pteraspis from Antigonish
Co., Nova Scotia, were presented by the Director of the
Geological Survey of Canada.

Silurian Invertebrata from Ontario, Canada, were presented
by Col. C. C. Grant. Devonian Invertebrata from the Eifel
were presented by Mr. Upfield Green. Some fragmentary
duplicates from a collection of Jurassic fossils from Franz Josef
Land were presented by Messrs. F. Jackson and A. Harmsworth.
English Chalk Invertebrata were presented by Dr. Rowe,
Mr. C. D. Sherborn, Mr. George Potter, and Mr. W. McPherson.
The Dowker Collection of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils from
Kent was purchased from Miss E. F. Dowker. Miscellaneous
Entomostraca were purchased from Prof. T. Rupert Jones.
Mollusca and Corals from the Great Oolite of Fairford, Gloucester-
shire, were purchased from Miss A. T. Slatter. Tertiary
Mollusca from Victoria, Australia, were purchased from Mr.
F. H. Butler ; from Florida, from Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton.
Specimens of Silurian Crinoidal Limestone from Szechuen, China,
were presented by Mr. F. W. Styan. A second instalment of
the E. O. Ulrich Collection of American Palaeozoic Polyzoa was
purchased. Some Polyzoa and other fossils from the Chalk of
Riigen were purchased from Mrs. Agnes Laur. The late Dr.
George Busk's Collection of Tertiary and Mesozoic Polyzoa,
including type-specimens described in his Monograph of the
Polyzoa of the Crag, was presented by the Misses Busk.
Total number of acquisitions, 9780.

1900.

The important collection of British fossils, chiefly of Palaeozoic
age, formed by the late Mr. G. H. Morton, of Liverpool, was
purchased from Miss Morton. An almost unique collection of
VOL. i. s

258 Geology.

Palaeozoic fishes from the Upper Devonian of Ohio, comprising
Dinichthyids and Elasmobranchs, was purchased from Dr.
William Clark, of Berea.

An extensive series of Mammalian remains, chiefly of Lemurs,
from the caverns of Madagascar, was purchased from Mr.
F. Sikora. A reconstructed skeleton of Hippopotamus madagas-
cariensis, from superficial deposits in Madagascar, was purchased
from Dr. Forsyth Major. A few bones of Lower Pliocene
Mammalia from Maragha, Persia, were presented by Mr.
R. T. Giinther. Mammalian remains from the Phosphorites of
southern France were purchased from Mr. B. Sturtz ; from the
Tertiaries of Patagonia, from Mr. R. F. Damon. A tusk of
Trichechodon and other Mammalian fossils from the Red Crag
of Suffolk were presented by the Committee of the Ipswich
Museum.

A pelvis, vertebrae, and limb-bones of Hesperornis, from the
Chalk of Kansas, were purchased from Mr. Handel T. Martin.

The nearly complete wing-bones of a gigantic Pterodactyl,
Pteranodon, from the Kansas Chalk, were also purchased from
Mr. Martin. Important remains of Mosasauria (Platecarpus,
Clidastes, and Tylosaurus) and Fishes (Anogmius, etc.) from the
same formation, were purchased from Mr. C. H. Sternberg.

Freshwater Tertiary Fishes from the Lignite of Taubate,
San Paulo, Brazil, were presented by Mr. John Gordon. Addi-
tional Fish-remains from the Upper Silurian of Lanarkshire were
purchased from Mr. F. H. Butler.

Miscellaneous British Fossil Invertebrata were purchased
from Mr. T. D. Palin. Some Ordovician and Silurian fossils
from Ontario, Canada, were presented by Col. C. C. Grant, and
others were purchased from Dr. H. M. Ami. Two pieces of
fossiliferous Carboniferous Limestone from Siam were presented
by Mr. W. Mahon Daly. Marine Triassic Lamellibranchs from
the Malay Peninsula, described by R. B. Newton (Proc. Malac.
Soc. London, vol. iv.), were presented by Mr. H. F. Bellamy.
Fossils from the English Chalk were presented by Mr. W.
McPherson ; from the Red Chalk of Hunstanton, collected by
Mr. Westmoreland, were purchased through Mr. Spencer G.
Perceval; from the French Chalk, were purchased from Mr.
Clemenceau. Miocene and other fossils from Lake Urmi, N.W.
Persia, described by R. B. Newton and J. W. Gregory (Journ.
Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. xxvii., 1899), were presented by Mr. R. T.
Giinther. Cretaceous Mollusca from Somaliland were presented

Geology. 259

by Mr. J. B. Parkinson ; Eocene Mollusca from Oman, Arabia,
by Lieut.-Col. A. S. G. Jayakar. Tertiary Mollusca from Japan
were purchased from Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton. British
Jurassic Nautili were purchased from Mr. S. S. Buckman. Two
specimens of Ctenostreon, from the Jurassic near Basle, Switzer-
land, were presented by Prof. R. Burckhardt. Newly-described
Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea from the Lower Devonian of
Bundenbach were purchased from Mr. B. Stiirtz ; Eocystis
primsevus, from the Lower Cambrian of New Brunswick, was
presented by Dr. G. F. Matthew. Specimens of Pteroconus
mirus, from the Lower Devonian of Bedruthan, N. Cornwall,
were presented by Mr. Howard Fox ; supposed Coelentera from
the Lower Cambrian, Mt. Granville, New York, were presented
by the Hon. C. D. Walcott.

Remains of Naiadites from the Rhaetic of Bristol were pre-
sented by Mr. W. H. Wickes.

Total number of acquisitions, 11,226.

260 Geology.

3. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE MORE IMPORTANT CONTRIBU-
TORS TO THE COLLECTION OF FOSSILS IN THE DEPART-
MENT OF GEOLOGY.

Abbott (W. J. LEWIS)

Collected and presented non-marine Mollusca from Thames deposits at
Whitehall, 1901.

Adams (ANDREW LEITH) [ -1882]

Between 1848 and 1873 Leith Adams was an army surgeon, and made
many observations in Natural History while on foreign service. In 1865
he visited Malta to report on an epidemic of cholera, and while there he
explored some of the ossiferous fissures, from which he obtained numerous
remains of pigmy elephants (Elephas melitensis, &c.) and a large rodent
(Leithia melitensis). This collection was described by Leith Adams in
his " Notes of a Naturalist in the Nile Valley and Malta " (1870), and
was purchased by the Trustees of the British Museum in 1873.

Admiralty, Lords of the

Presented human skeleton from Guadaloupe in 1813, jaws of Homalo-
dontotherium from Patagonia, 1874.

Agassiz (Louis)

Oligocene fishes from Canton Glarus, Switzerland, purchased 1837.

Albany Museum, S. Africa

Presented Palaxmiscid fish from Karoo Formation, 1874.

Allport (SAMUEL) [1816-1897]

In early life Allport spent eight years at Bahia, Brazil, and while
there he made an important small collection of fossils from the Cretaceous
rocks of the neighbouring coast, which he described in 1859 (Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc.) and presented to the British Museum in 1894. On his
return to England, Allport settled in Birmingham, where he conducted
those petrological researches by which he is best known. At the same
time he made and himself prepared a valuable collection from the Silurian
rocks of the neighbourhood, and this was purchased in 1871 and 1873 ;
many of the Trilobites, Molluscs, and Echinoderms were specially fine,
the last yielding two co-types of Thenarocrinus callipygus.

Alstone (JOHN)

Presented Dinosaurian teeth from Portlandian of Aylesbury, 1895.

Amegbino (FLORENTINO)

In 1895 Dr. Ameghino, now Director of the National Museum, Buenos
Ayres, described a remarkable series of bird-remains from the Santa Cruz
Formation of Patagonia (Bol. Instit. Oeograf. Argent.). This collection
of 380 specimens, made by his brother Carlos Ameghino, was purchased
by the British Museum from Dr. Ameghino in 1896.

Geology. 261

Ami (HENRY M.)

Crinoids from Trenton Limestone, purchased 1893.

Ordovician and Silurian fossils from Ontario, Canada, purchased 1900.

Angelis (DE)

Pleistocene Mammalia from Buenos Aires, purchased 1845.

Ansted (DAVID THOMAS)

Presented jaw of Rhinoceros etruscus from Tejares, Malaga, 1868.

Archer (THOMAS CROXEN)
See ABMSTRONG, J., 1884.

Argyll (GEORGE DOUGLAS CAMPBELL, Eighth Duke of)

Presented Scolithus and Arenicolites from Cambrian of Durness, 1889,
Salterella from Cambrian of Sutherland, 1893. Also sold to the Museum
a Miocene Berycoid fish (Holocentrum melitense) from Malta, 1887.

Armstrong (JAMES) [1832-1892]

One of the founders of the Glasgow Geological Society and joint author
of a " Catalogue of Western Scottish Fossils." " His private collection was
one of the best illustrations of the palaeontology of the Glasgow area, and
is now preserved in the Museum of Science and Art, Edinburgh, while a
small part is in the cabinet of Dr. Hunter of Carluke, Lanarkshire [now
in Kilmarnock Museum] " (Geol. Mag., 1893, p. 94). A portion, how-
ever, consisting of 282 Carboniferous fossils, was transferred to the
British Museum in 1884, through Prof. T. C. Archer, Director of the
Edinburgh Museum. In 1880 the Trustees bought, through the dealer,
E. W. Janson, 252 specimens of Scottish Carboniferous Ostracoda col-
lected by Armstrong.

Astier (J. E.)

Astier was a Professor at the College of Grasse (Var), and author of a
" Catalogue descriptif des Ancyloceras appartenant a 1'etage neocomien
d'Escragnolles et des Basses-Alpes " (1851). In 1853 the Trustees bought
from him 1323 specimens of Cephalopoda from the Jurassic and Cre-
taceous strata of the Basses Alpes, representing 543 species, many being
specimens figured in the above-mentioned work and by A. d'Orbigny in
the " Paleontologie francaise." They are accompanied by oblong paper
labels in Astier's own hand, with a border of printed ornament.

Atherstone (The Hon. WILLIAM GUYBON) [1813-1898]

Kesident at Grahamstown, Cape Colony, Atherstone had his attention
directed by A. G. Bain (q.v.) to the Fossil Reptiles of the Karoo For-
mation. Of these he found many important specimens, and in 1872 and
1876 sent to the British Museum valuable donations, described in Owen's
"Catalogue of Fossil Reptiles of South Africa" (1876). He also dis-
covered a Pala?oniscid Fish (Atherstonia scutata) of which he presented
the type-specimen to the British Museum in 1884. As one of the
founders of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, he enriched it with part
of his collection.

Attersoll (EMILIB, Miss)

Presented Maltese Tertiary Invertebrata, 1839.

262 Geology.

Austin (THOMAS, Fort-Major) [1795-1881]

Having early retired from the army, with the loss of a leg, Major
Austin settled for the rest of his life in Bristol. Among other scientific
studies he devoted much attention to Fossil Echinoderms, especially the
stalked forms, upon which, either alone or in conjunction with his son
Thomas, he published several papers in the Annals and Magazine of
Natural History between 1842 and 1851. The " Monograph on Eecent
and Fossil Crinoidea " by the same authors was begun in 1843 and
stopped unfinished in 1849. Austin's own collection is in the Bristol
Museum, but several of the specimens illustrated in the Monograph have
come into the possession of the nation, e.g. Pentacrinites briar eus,
frontispiece ; P. j'ohnsonii, pi. xv., and Poteriocrinus pentagonus, pi. xi.,
f. 2a, from the J. K. Johnson collection, 1845; Extracrinus briareus,
pi. xii., f. Ib, from Canon J. E. Jackson, 1887. Of several specimens
from the Carboniferous Limestone of Cleveland Bay, found by Miss Rich
and purchased from Wm. Rich, 1867, those figured on pi. ix., ff. 4a, b, c,
and pi. xi., f. 2d, have been identified.

Austin (THOMAS, Junior, Civil and Mining Engineer)
See AUSTIN, THOMAS, Fort-Major.

Australian Museum, Sydney

Presented plaster casts of skulls of Diprotodon and Nototherium in
1858, and Marsupial remains from the Wellington caves in 1870.

Avebury (JOHN LUBBOCK, 1st Baron)

Presented part of skull of musk-ox (Ovibos moschatus) from Maiden-
head in 1856, two Eocene fishes (Diplomystus and Mioplosus) from
Wyoming in 1886, and Nummulitic Limestone from Miirren in 1894.

Aylesford (Countess of)

Presented Ichthyolites from Loughborough, 1817.

Baber (JAMES) [ -1887]

While carrying on the business of an oil-cloth manufacturer in Knights-
bridge, Baber accumulated a large collection of fossils, which was always
open to public view, and was more than once alluded to by his friend,
Prof. John Morris. It is supposed to have contained the type of Nautilus
baberi, Morris and Lycett, 1850, but this specimen has been lost sight of.
On the owner's death the collection was broken up, a selection of a mis-
cellaneous character being acquired by the British Museum in 1889 from
Mrs. Baber, while another portion was selected for the Museum of
Aberdeen University, and the remainder was disposed of by auction at
Stevens' Rooms in 1890.

Bain (ANDREW GEDDES) [ -1864]

For many years Bain was engaged in constructing roads hi Cape
Colony, and in the course of this work he first noticed the remains of
Fossil Reptiles in the Karoo Formation of that country. He sent all
specimens found by him to England, where most of them were described
by Owen. His first collection, including the original skulls of Oudenodon
baini and Dicynodon leoniceps, was presented by him to the British
Museum in 1853. Other important donations followed, and after his
death, his son, Mr. Thomas Bain, who was also a road surveyor, continued

Geology. 263

to add to the collection. The Invertebrata and two Fishes, described by
D. Sharpe and others in A. G. Bain's memoir " On the Geology of South
Africa" (Trans. GeoL Soc., 1856), are preserved hi the Museum of the
Geological Society.

Baker (ANNE ELIZABETH) [1786-1861]

The sister of George Baker, Miss Baker contributed to his great
" History of the County of Northampton " (1822-41) the chapters on
geology and botany, and herself published a " Glossary of Northampton-
shire Words and Phrases." Lack of support forced Baker to sell his
library and collection of MSS. in 1842, and in the following year the
geological collection was purchased for the Museum from his sister. It
comprised Pleistocene vertebrates and Jurassic vertebrates and inverte-
brates, all from Northamptonshire, including a Fossil Fish — a Lepidotus
from Nine Churches — figured by Miss Baker in the " History " and
mentioned by Agassiz (Poissons fossiles). Gummed on the specimens
are white paper labels with the localities in a fine, clear handwriting.

Baker (JOHN)

Invertebrata from Upper Greensand, Warminster, purchased 1849.

Baker (General Sir WILLIAM ERSKINE)

Presented skull of Elephas ganesa from Siwalik formation of India in
1845, Tertiary Invertebrata from Sind in 1849 and 1855.

Ball (JOHN)

Pleistocene Mammalia from Thames Valley, purchased 1844.

Ball (JOHN, F.R.S.)

Presented Miocene Mollusca from Morocco, 1885.

Balston (WILLIAM EDWAKD)

Presented Devonian fossils from South Africa, 1885.

Barnes (JOHN)

Presented English Lower Carboniferous Invertebrata, 1897.

Baron (RICHARD)

The Eev. R. Baron, a missionary in Madagascar, has studied the
geology of that country and published papers thereon in the Antana-
narivo Annual and in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological
Society (1889 and 1895), these latter being accompanied by descriptions
of the fossils collected by Mr. Baron, from the pen of Mr. R. B. Newton.
These specimens have been presented by Mr. Baron to the British
Museum, and comprise 250 Eocene and Jurassic fossils, given in 1889 ;
the type-skull of Steneosaurus baroni, R. B. Newton, received and
described in 1893 ; and 135 fossil invertebrates and plants, handed over
in 1895.

Barrande (JOACHIM) [1799-1883]

In 1831, Barrande settled in Bohemia as tutor, and subsequently
steward, to Prince Henri de Chambord, and soon turned his attention to
elucidating the geology and palaeontology of the Lower Paleozoic (Cambrian

264

Geology.

to Devonian) rocks of his adopted country, publishing the results mainly
in the great work, entitled "Systeme Silurien du Centre de la Boheme,''
of which the first volume was issued in 1852, and which is still continued
by a committee. His vast collections were made by specially retained
and systematically instructed workers, and the greater part, including the
specimens figured in his works, was bequeathed to the "Museum des
Konigreichs Bohmen" in Prague. An extensive series of fine specimens
was, however, sent by Barrande to the British Museum, in three separate
lots, during the years 1854-6, and these were purchased in the Januaries
of 1855, 1856, and 1857. The following is the resume of the three
sendings, certified as correct by Barrande himself: —

Trflobites

Crustacea divers

Cephalopodes

Pteropodes

Gaste'roppdes

Acephales

Brachiopodes

Echinodermes

Graptolites

Poiypiers.

Incerte Sedis

Fucoides

at

Specimens.
1515

24

104

132

595

29

146

115

446

46

229

138

1516

9

47

15

131

22

81

11

40

3

10

744

Each specimen is accompanied by a lithographed label, giving its
name, horizon, and locality ; and thus, though not the actual originals,
the collection is a most important aid to the study of Barrande's publica-
tions. It has been supplemented by subsequent purchases from the
Bohemian Museum, through Dr. A. Fritsch, e.g., of Trilobites in 1897.

Barrett (LUCAS)

Presented a Hippurite (Barrettia monilifera) from the Cretaceous of
Jamaica, 1862.

Basadre (Doir MODESTO)

Presented remains of ScelidotJierium from Pleistocene of Tarapaca,
Peru, 1886.

Bateson (WILLIAM)

Presented Eocene fossils from the Sea of Aral, 1888.

Bather (FBANCIS ABTHUB)

Collected and presented Silurian fossils from Gotland in 1893; Pleis-
tocene shells from New Zealand and Palaeozoic crinoids from North
America in 1894; various Bussian fossil Invertebrata in 1898.

Baugh (THOMAS)

Collected fossils from the Carboniferous Limestone of Shropshire and
associated formations; his whole collection, including many teeth and
spines of fishes, purchased 1870.

Geology. 265

Baynes (DONALD S.)

Presented remains of human skeleton from Tilbury Docks, 1887.

Bean (WILLIAM)

The son of a market-gardener, to whose business at Scarborough he
succeeded, Bean was also a cousin of William Smith and a pioneer in
Yorkshire geology. In association with John Williamson (father of
Wm. Crawford Williamson) he amassed, during the first half of the
nineteenth century, such a collection from the Yorkshire coast as can
never be made again. A few of his fossils went with Williamson's
collection to the founding of the Scarborough Museum; in 1844 some
were presented to the Museum of the Yorkshire Greological Society, now
at Leeds ; others are in the York Museum. But in 1859 the finest
specimens of Bean's collection, numbering 2588 and representing 1392
species, were bought by the Trustees. They included a remarkable series
of Oolitic plants from the shales of Gristhorpe and Haiburn, near Scar-
borough, some of which are the originals described by Adolph Brongniart,
Lindley and Button, Prof. J. Phillips, and Bunbury ; sponges from the
Chalk of Flamborough ; corals and molluscs from Malton ; cephalopods
from the Lias, Kelloway Kock and Speeton Clay; and molluscs and
mammals from the Postpliocene of Bridlingtoa. The specimens are
provided with oblong white paper labels, often gummed on, written in a
neat, rounded, back-hand, surrounded by a ruled ink line.

Beche (Sir HENRY T. DE LA)

Presented English and French Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils, 1837.

Becher (H. M.)

Presented Jurassic fishes (Lycoptera sinensis) from Shantung, China,
1892.

Beckles (SAMUEL HUSBAND) [ -1890]

Beckles was a resident of St. Leonards and made a large collection of
fossils from the Wealden strata of that neighbourhood, besides acquiring
a few important specimens from the Chalk of Sussex and from other
formations. He discovered footprints of Iguanodon in the Wealden
sandstone near Hastings, and described these in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,
1851, 1852, 1854, 1862. He also obtained valuable portions of skeletons
of Iguanodon and other Dinosauria from the same formation, which were
described by Sir Richard Owen in the Monographs of the Palaeonto-
graphical Society. In 1856, with the aid of a grant from the Eoyal
Society, Beckles explored the Purbeck Beds near Swanage, and
made the most important collection of Mesozoic Mammalian remains
hitherto known from Europe. This exploration furnished evidence of two
species of a new genus, Plagiaulax, described by Falconer in Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc., 1857; and the whole collection was subsequently
described by Owen in his " Fossil Mammalia of the Mesozoic Formations "
(Palseont. Soc., 1871). With the Mammalia were also remains of dwarf
crocodiles and other Eeptilia described by Owen in the Monographs of
the Palseoutographical Society. The Purbeckian collection was purchased
by the Trustees from Beckles hi two instalments in 1876, 1877. One
slab of footprints of lyuanodon was presented by him in 1888. The
Wealden and general collection, comprising about 500 Vertebrata and
2000 Invertebrata, was purchased from his executor in 1891.

266 Geology.

Beecke (B. VAN)

Collected Mammalian remains from caverns of Sundwig, Westphalia ;
this collection purchased at a sale, 1853.

Belcher (Admiral Sir EDWARD) [1799-1877]

Appointed in 1852 to the command of an expedition to the Arctic in
search of Sir John Franklin, Belcher published in 1855 an account of it
entitled " The Last of the Arctic Voyages." His collection of Arctic
fossils was transferred from the Museum of Practical Geology in 1880.

Bell (ALFRED)

See BELL, ROBERT GEORGE.

Bell (ROBERT GEORGE) [1833-1888]

Robert Bell, who, with his brother Alfred, was known as a careful
worker in the British Pliocene rocks, was often employed as a collector by
others. Thus the Museum possesses three collections made by him.
First, his own, bought of his executors in 1888, and comprising 2730
specimens of Lamellibranchia, Gasteropoda, and Polyzoa, from the Crag,
mounted on cards, named, and accurately localised. Secondly, a series of
Pliocene shells from St. Erth, Cornwall, referred to by Bell and P. F.
Kendall (Quart. Journ. Geol Soc., 1886); this was the property of
S. V. Wood, jun., by whose widow it was presented in 1886. Lastly, a
collection of 3391 Crag Mollusca from Suffolk, representing 420 species,
some figured in S. V. Wood's Monograph (Palseont. Soc.) ; this was the
property of a Mr. Groom (alias Groom-Napier, styling himself Prince of
Mantua and Duke of Montferrat), from whose executors it was purchased,
through R. F. Damon, in 1894.

Bell (THOMAS)

Fossil Chelonia purchased from his collection, 1863.

Belt (Mrs.)

Presented non-marine Mollusca from Pleistocene deposits of Brentford
and Kew, 1891.

Benett (ETHELDRED) [17 -1845]

" For more than a quarter of a century, Miss E. Benett," of Norton
House, near Warminster, Wilts, "pursued with ardour and success the
investigation and collection of the organic remains of her native county.
... To her zeal and talents and the liberal encouragement she gave the
local collectors, we are in a great measure indebted for our knowledge of
the fossils of the Chalk and Greensand of Wiltshire, and more particularly
of those in the neighbourhood of Warminster and Tisbury. . . . Her best
specimens were liberally presented to any individual or public museum
when the advancement of science would be thereby promoted " (London
Geol. Journ.). The encouragement of local collectors led to many of
her specimens being ingenious reconstructions from fragments of several
individuals or even species (Op. cit., p. 128). No such suspicion, however,
attaches to the fossil sponges discovered in the Greensand by Geo. Warren
of Wai-minster, collected for the most part by J. Baker of that place, and
described and figured by Miss Benett in " A Catalogue of the Organic
Remains of the County of Wilts " (privately printed, 1831), as well as in

Geology. 267

a MS. volume presented to the Geological Society in 1816. Among
numerous references to Miss Benett by Mantell, we read that "An
elegant Memoir on the Wiltshire Fossils, by this accomplished lady,
appears in Sir R. C. Hoare's ' Wiltshire ' " (" Medals of Creation," 1844,.
i. p. 260).

Several donations of Wiltshire fossils were made by Miss Benett
between 1816 and 1830. In 1831, she presented "a fine specimen of a
new species of Pentacrinus from Farleigh, near Bath," and in 1841 some
crinoids and other fossils from the Carboniferous Limestone, all the latter
with a small printed label, " Whatley, nr. Frome, Somerset." Finally, in
1893, 112 Eocene sheUs from Grignon, collected by Miss Benett in 1822,
were presented by Mr. J. Benett Stanford. Other museums that profited
by Miss Benett's liberality were those of Bristol and of the Geological
Society. Many of her specimens were figured in Sowerby's "Mineral
Conchology," but are now lost sight of. It appears that, on her death,
the most valuable of the specimens remaining in her collection were
purchased by Thomas Wilson of Newark, Delaware, U.S.A., to be
incorporated in a very extensive collection in all branches of natural
history that he was forming at Philadelphia (London Geol. Journ.,
part 2, p. ii. of wrapper). This collection is now in the possession of the
Philadelphia Academy.

Bennett (GEORGE) [1804-1893]

While in medical practice in Sydney from 1836 until his retirement,
Bennett employed his leisure in natural history researches. He collected
the fossil bones from the river deposits of New South Wales and Queens-
land, and, from 1872 onwards, sent numerous donations to the British
Museum for description by Owen. Most of these remains were referable
to marsupials, but there were also some vertebras of the gigantic lizard,.
Megalania prisca. Mr. G. F. Bennett, his son, also collected similar
bones, and in 1880 he transmitted to the Museum the original skull and
tail-sheath of the horned tortoise, Miolania oweni.

Bennett (G. F.)

See BENNETT, GEOKGE.

Bennie (JAMES) [1821-1901]

As fossil-collector to the Geological Survey of Scotland, Bennie
discovered several interesting species, and his name was associated with
the blastoids Phxnoschisma benniei and Astrocrinus (i.e., Zygocrinus)
lenniei, of which he presented 27 specimens to the Museum in 1886.
In 1888 he presented 9 microscope-slides of sponge-spicules from the
Carboniferous of Ayrshire, many of which had been figured by Dr. G. J.
Hinde in his Monograph of British Fossil Sponges (Palasontogr. Soc.,
1887-88).

Bensted (W. H.)

Presented Cretaceous plant-remains from Maidstone, 1839.

Berendt (GEORG CARL)

Amber containing insects and plant-remains, purchased 1847.

Bigsby (JOHN JEREMIAH) [1792-1881]

In early life, Bigsby, who is best known as author of the " Thesaurus
Siluricus" (1868) and "Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus " (1878),

268 Geology.

travelled much as a Medical Officer in Canada in connection with the
Boundary Commission, and made a large collection of Palasozoic fossils
both in that country and in the north-east part of the United States.
The results of his researches were published chiefly in Silliman's
American Journal of Science between 1820 and 1827. He presented
his collection to the British Museum in 1851. Other specimens from the
Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Canada, presented by him to the Museum
of Practical Geology, were transferred to the British Museum in 1880.

Binkhorst (J. F.)

Belgian Tertiary Mollusca, purchased 1857.

Birch (Colonel)

In 1820, some Chalk Echinoderms and some fossils from the Dorset-
shire Lias were presented by this gentleman, who lived at Bath. The
rest of his collection, which was sold at auction on May 15, 1820, by
Bullock " in his Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly," included valuable remains of
Reptilia and Crinoidea from the Lias of Lyme and Charmouth, many
collected by Miss Mary Anning. (See G. A. Mantell, London Geol.
Journ., p. 13; 1846). Several of these were bought for the British
Museum, which also possesses the copy of the sale-catalogue that belonged
to " the fossil shop at Lyme," signed Joseph Anning.

Bishop (Mrs.)

See SMITH [Mrs.] M. H.

Blackmore (HUMPHREY PURNELL)
Presented Cretaceous Polyzoa, 1897.

Blake (JOHN FREDERICK)

Teleosaurian skull from Upper Lias of Whitby and Petolatochelys
Uakei from Kimmeridge Clay of Weymouth, purchased 1880. Jurassic
Invertebrata from Normandy, purchased from Mrs. J. F. Blake, 1895.

Bland

Presented Ichthyosaurus from the Lias of Balderton, Nottinghamshire,

Blanford (WILLIAM THOMAS) [1832- ]

Dr. Blanford, late of the Geological Survey of India, accompanied an
expedition to Abyssinia in 1868 as geologist. He published a volume,
"Observations on the Geology and Zoology of Abyssinia," in 1870. He
presented his collection of Abyssinian fossils, including the specimens
described in his work, to the Museum, 1869.

Bloemfontein Museum

Skulls of Tritylodon longsevus and Rhytidosteus capensis from the
Karoo Formation of South Africa, obtained by exchange, 1884.

Bosquet (J.)

Cretaceous and Tertiary Entomostraca, purchased 1870.

Geology. 26 £

Boury (E. DE)

Presented Paris Eocene Mollusca, 1889.

Bowerbank (JAMES SCOTT) [1797-1877]

A wealthy citizen and distiller of London, Bowerbank accumulated,,
mainly from British localities and from every horizon, a large collection of
fossils, which served as the basis of important researches by himself and
others, and was always open to scientific students. Many of the specimens
are described in the Monographs of the Palteontographical Society, of which
he was founder and first president. He wrote a book on the " Fossil
Fruits of the London Clay" (1840), but is chiefly known for his later
researches on Sponges. His collection of fossils was purchased for the
Museum in two instalments in 1865. It included, besides the Fruits just
mentioned, reptilian remains from the London Clay, Chalk, and Wealden ;
Crustacea from the London Clay, Greensand, and Oolite ; Cirripedia and
Polyzoa from the Crag; Lower Tertiary Mollusca; Chalk Echinoidea
— all figured in the Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society.
There were many other fossils of all kinds, some figured in various
works. No special form of label ever accompanied the Bowerbank
specimens.

Brady (Sir ANTONIO) [1811-1881]

Brady began to collect mammalian remains from the Thames brick-
earth near his residence at Ilford, Essex, in 1844. In his later years, he
was aided by William Davies (Assistant in the Geological Department of
the British Museum), who prepared a "Catalogue of the Pleistocene
Vertebrata in the Collection of Sir Antonio Brady," privately printed in
1874. All the specimens bear printed labels according to this Catalogue.
The whole Collection was purchased in 1873.

Brady (FRANCIS)

Presented Carboniferous cores from Dover boring, 1893.

Brady (HENRY BOWMAN)

Presented Post-Tertiary shells from Solomon Islands, 1887.

Brander (GUSTAVUS) [1720-1787]

Of a Swedish family, but born in the city of London, Brander met
with success both in business and civic affairs, and, as a patron of the
arts and sciences, he was elected a Trustee of the British Museum.
While at his country residence at Christchurch, Hants, he collected
Eocene fossils " out of the cliffs by the sea coast between Christchurch
and Lymington, but more especially about the cliffs by the village of
Hordwell "—from Barton Cliff, according to Mantell (" Geol. I. of W.,"
p. 124). A set of these, chiefly consisting of mollusc shells, was
presented by him to the Museum in 1765, and was described by his
fellow-countryman, D. C. Solander, an officer of the Museum, in a work
entitled " Fossilia Hantoniensia collecta, et in Musaeo Britannico deposita
a Gustavo Brander," London ; 1776. In this book 131 specimens were
figured and many new species described, but the collection was doubtless
larger. Now, however, only 124 specimens are recognised as having
belonged to it, and some of these may belong to subsequent donations of
the same kind, which were made by Brander. Forty-two of these

270 Geology.

specimens are regarded as the originals of Solander's figures, and they are
included in Mr. R. B. Newton's " Systematic List of F. E. Edwards'
Collection," published by the Trustees in 1891. The original labels, if
there were any, have long been lost, and those now preserved on the
back of the tablets are in the handwriting of S. P. Woodward. The
•collection has occasionally been referred to as " The Solander Fossils " ;
next to the Sloane Collection, it is the oldest in the Geological
Department.

Braun (F.)

German Triassic and Jurassic fossils, purchased 1837, 1839.

Braun (F.)

Devonian star-fishes from Bundenbach, purchased 1883.

Bravard (AUGUSTE)

Like Pomel (q.v.~) a native of Auvergne, Bravard made a collection
of Tertiary Mammalia and other Vertebrata from Vaucluse, Allier, and
Puy-de-D6me, with some Pleistocene bones (chiefly Ursus) from the
caverns of Lozere. Deported, for political reasons, to Cayenne, he
contrived in 1852-53 to make another valuable collection chiefly of
Mammalia from the Pampa Formation of the Argentine Republic. These
two collections were carefully catalogued by him, and each specimen was
numbered in accordance with the catalogue, which was intended to be
the basis of Memoirs never published. The French collection was
purchased by the Museum from Bravard in 1852, the South American
collection in 1854.

Bree (C. R.)

Presented rostrum of Ziphius planirostris from Southwold, 1878.

Brickenden (Major RICHARD THOMAS WILLIAM LAMBART).

[1809-1900]

Major Brickenden published a few notes on the geology of Moray,
Scotland (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1851, 55), and made a fine collection
of about 100 fish-remains from the Upper Old Red Sandstone of Scaat
Craig, near Elgin. This collection was briefly referred to in the last of
the aforesaid notes, and was sold by him to the Museum in 1896. In
the early part of his career, Brickenden also collected fossils in Sussex,
and found at Cuckfield the first known mandibular ramus of Iguanodon,
which he developed and presented to Mantell (see Phil. Trans., 1848, and
•" Petrifactions and their Teachings," p. 241).

Bright (BENJAMIN) [ -1900]
See BRIGHT, RICHARD.

Bright (BENJAMIN HEYWOOD) [1787-1843]
See BRIGHT, RICHARD.

Bright (HENRY) [ -1870]
See BRIGHT, RICHARD.

Geology. 271

Bright (RICHARD) [1754-1840]

The history of this interesting collection, now divided between the
Departments of Geology and Mineralogy, is somewhat complicated, so
that it is well to tabulate the names and relationships of those connected
with it.

RICHARD BRIGHT, Senior
(1754-1840)

Henry
(d. 1870)

|
Benjamin Heywood
(1787-1843)

Richard (M.D.)
(1789-1858)

Robert Samuel

|

Benjamin (Donor)

(d. circa 1900).

Eichard Bright, Senior, lived at Ham Green, on the Avon, near Bristol,
in which city he was a merchant and banker. A commercial connection
with the mines of Cornwall made him an early collector, and in this he
was assisted by William Smith and Eichard Phillips. It was in the
fields adjoining his house at Ham Green that the now well-known deposits
of sulphate of strontian were first discovered. He took advantage of the
examination of caves in the Mendips and elsewhere to gather one of the
earliest series of the bones of extinct mammals. To these he added fossil
vertebrates from other localities, such as fishes from Monte Bolca and the
Lebanon, and even the remains discovered at the base of the Himalayas
a few years before his death. He was one of the founders of the Bristol
Institution (1822), and to it he presented some interesting specimens.
J. S. Miller, in his "Natural History of the Crinoidea" (1821), mentions
having used specimens obtained by Eichard Bright " from the transition
limestone on his estate near the Malvern Hills."

Henry, the eldest son, who inherited Crawley, is not known as a
geologist, but he " had a turn for science and was a collector, especially of
chalk and flint fossils."

The second son, Benjamin Heywood, went to live at Brand Lodge,
and when the railway from Malvern to Ledbury was made through the
Brockbury estate, he gave great attention to the cutting, and collected
many Silurian fossils. These were kept at Brand Lodge, and are specially
mentioned by Murchison, who borrowed many of them to figure in his
" Silurian System " (see p. 414 of that work). It is possible that these
were among the specimens handed over by Murchison to the Geological
Society ; but they have not been identified either there or in the British
Museum.

The reputation that the third son, Eichard, gained as a geologist,
through studies at Bristol, in Iceland, and in Hungary (see Trans. Geol.
Sac.) was eclipsed by his fame as physician at Guy's Hospital and as
discoverer of the disease that bears his name. It is highly probable that
he contributed specimens to his father's collection, as he appears also to
have done to both the Geological Society and the Bristol Institution.
But this was only in his earlier years.

The fourth son, Eobert, who remained in Bristol as a merchant,
cultivated art and literature rather than science, but is of interest because
it was to him that Rule sold the piece of Moa bone that he had brought
from New Zealand in 1839 — the first portion of a Dinornis that came
to this country, and the fragment from which Owen inferred the
existence of this extinct race of gigantic birds.

It thus appears that there were three Bright collections: the Bristol
one, chiefly minerals and vertebrates; the Brand Lodge one, chiefly
Silurian invertebrates ; and the Crawley one, chiefly Chalk invertebrates.

272 Geology.

On the death of Richard Bright, senior, Ham Green was left to Benjamin
Heywood, who sold it, and either took the whole collection to Brand
Lodge or handed it over to Henry at Crawley. In any case, when
B. H. Bright died three years later, his son Benjamin inherited Crawley,
and presented the collection to the British Museum in 1873. The onerous
task of repacking was accomplished by William Davies of the Geological
Department. Besides the valuable minerals and the vertebrate remains,
there were over 3000 fossil invertebrates, chiefly British, but from having
been left in rooms exposed to damp, mice, and nesting birds, all manu-
scripts and labels had perished.

[For details of family history thanks are due to Dr. J. Franck Bright,
Master of University College, Oxford, and a son of Dr. E. Bright.]

Bright (RICHARD) [1789-1858]
See BRIGHT, RICHABD.

Bright (ROBERT)

See BRIGHT, RICHABD.

British Association

Presented Middle Eocene plant remains from Alum Bay, Isle of Wight,
in 1867 ; remains of Vertebrata and Mollusca from the caverns of Borneo,
1879.

Brodie (PETER BELLINGER) [1815-1897]

Brodie's love for geology begun under the influence of Win. Clift,
curator of the College of Surgeons, was fostered by Sedgwick at
Cambridge, and he was the first to collect land and fresh-water shells
from the Pleistocene deposit of Barnwell. In 1838 he went as curate to
Wylye, north of the Vale of Wardour, where he discovered Archxoniscus
brodiei. Appointed in 1840 to a curacy in Buckinghamshire, he collected
in the Portland and Purbeck beds near Aylesbury. For the next thirteen
years he was rector of Down Hatherley in the Vale of Gloucester, and
collected largely in the Rhsetic, Liassic, and Oolitic rocks of the district,
reading geological papers before the Geological Society and the Cotteswold
Field Club. From 1853 until his death he was vicar of Rowington,
Warwickshire, where he occasionally met with rare fossils in the Keuper
Formation, and extended his researches to the Upper Silurian of Hereford-
shire and the Jurassic rocks of Northamptonshire and Leicestershire. All
specimens collected by him bore an exact record of the formation and
locality whence they were obtained, sometimes with other memoranda,
the labels being in his own handwriting on miscellaneous scraps of paper,
and usually gummed to the matrix. Brodie's general collection of over
25,000 fossils included many valuable type-specimens, and an extensive
selection from it was purchased by the Trustees of the British Museum in
1895. The rest was dispersed among various museums abroad, the
principal part being purchased by the University of Vienna. His special
collection was that of fossil insects, illustrating his small volume, "A
History of the Fossil Insects hi the Secondary Rocks of England " (1845),
prepared with the aid of Prof. J. 0. Westwood, and several later papers.
This unique collection, the principal work of his scientific career, was
retained by Brodie until his death, and was purchased by the Trustees
from his executors in 1898. Brodie also made several small donations to
the Museum from 1853 onwards. His numerous gifts to the Warwickshire
Natural History Society, of which he was elected president in 1894,
embrace many rare and fine fossils. In addition to the fossil insects, the

Geology. 273

specimens at various times acquired by the nation from Brodie include the
types of the following species : — Eurypterus brodiei, H. Woodward ;
Alaria solida, Patella, inornata, and Solarium cotteswoldize, all of Lycett ;
'J'hracia brodiei, R. B. Newton ; Teudopsis brodiei, Carruthers ; Lingula,
ovalis, Sowerby; L. brodiei, Davidson; Acroura brodiei, Ophiolepis
ramsayi, Echinobrissus brodiei, and Hemicidaris brillensis, all of Wright ;
Actinometra cheltonensis, Antedon incurva, and A. laticirra, all of P. H.
Carpenter ; Montlivaltia victories and M. ruperti of Duncan ; Craticularia
calathus and Platychonia brodiei of Sollas; Araucarites brodiei,
Carruthers; and Equisetum brodiei, Buckman; besides a large number
of other figured specimens.

Brome (Capt. Fox)

Collected mammalian remains from the caverns of Gibraltar, presented
by the Governor of Gibraltar, 1876.

Broom (ROBERT)

Presented bone-breccia with remains of Burramys, Perameles, &c.,
from the Wombeyan Caves, New South Wales, 1896.

Broughton

Presented Tertiary shells and corals from Jamaica, 1795.

Brown (C. BARRINGTON)

Collected and presented Tertiary Mollusca from the Upper Amazons,
1879.
Brown (HENRY YORKE LYELL)

Presented fossil Invertebrata from Western Australia, 1879.

Brown (JOHN) [1780-1859]

Brown's attention was attracted to geology while working as a stone-
mason at Braintree and Colchester. On retiring from business in 1830, he
removed to Stanway, near Colchester, and devoted the remainder of his
life to scientific research and to the collection of fossils in Essex. He
discovered and preserved a large series of Pleistocene Mammalian remains,
and also collected Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca at Copford. In
addition to supplying the museums at Oxford and elsewhere with Crag
fossils, he made small donations to the British Museum in 1849 and 1852,
and bequeathed the whole of his collection to Sir Richard Owen, who
transferred it to the Museum in 1860.

Brown (JOHN ALLEN)

Presented Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca from Staines, 1890.

Brown (JOSHUA)

Presented supposed fossil eggs of reptiles from the Great Oolite of
Cirencester, 1863.

Browne (MONTAGU)

Presented a specimen of Ichthyosaurus intermedius, from the Lower
Lias of Barrow-on-Soar, showing integument of paddle, 1889 ; a fossil
insect, Palasotermes ellisi, from the same formation and locality, 1892.

Brownrigg (W. B.)

Remains of Labyrinthodonts and a few fishes from the Coal Measures
of Kilkenny, Ireland, purchased 1870.

274 Geology.

Briickmann

Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils from Switzerland and adjoining parts
of Germany, purchased 1858.

Brusina (SPIRIDION)

Presented Tertiary shells from Dalmatia and Croatia, 1882.'

Brussels Royal Museum of Natural History

Plaster cast of skeleton of Iguanodon bernissartensis received in
exchange, 1895.

Buckingham (Duke of)

Type-specimen of Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus from the Lower Lias,
Lyme Regis, purchased at his sale, 1848.

Buckman (JAMES)

See BUCKMAN, S. S.

Buckman (SYDNEY SAVORY)

Mr. Buckman, now resident near Cheltenham, has studied especially
the Jurassic rocks of the south-west of England, and made a collection
chiefly of Mollusca and Brachiopoda, the horizons of all his specimens
being determined with the utmost exactness. The British Museum has
purchased from him several small series of these fossils since 1890 ; but
the type-specimens of his Memoir on "Inferior Oolite Ammonites"
(Palaeontogr. Soc.) were purchased from him by the Woodwardian
Museum, Cambridge. Mr. Buckman has also made several donations,
including fossils formerly in the cabinet of his father, Prof. James
Buckman.

Buist

, , Presented Mammalian remains from Perim Island, 1848.

Bullen (ROBERT ASHINGTON)

Collected and presented Pleistocene Mollusca from the Rubble Drift of
Portland and Sangatte (France), 1896.

Buller (Sir WALTER)

Feathers of Dinornis from New Zealand, purchased 1887.

Burney (Lieut.-Col.)

Presented Pliocene Mammalian remains from Burma, 1841.

Burckhardt (RUDOLPH)

Presented Ctenostreon from Jurassic of Basle, 1900.

Burnett (Mrs.)

Presented various British fossils, 1882.

Burrows (HENRY W.)

Collected and presented Oligocene and Miocene Mollusca from Bor-
deaux, 1894.

Buskj (GEORGE) [1807-1886]

After twenty-five years' practice as surgeon, Busk devoted himself
to scientific pursuits, especially to the study of Polyzoa, of which he
wrote the British Museum Catalogue (1852-54). He also collected fossil

Geology. 275

Polyzoa, and prepared a " Monograph of the Crag Polyzoa " (Palseontogr.
Soc., 1859), based largely on the collections of S. V. Wood and J. S. Bower-
bank (qq.v.~). His own collection of 772 specimens, including some
described in his Monograph, was presented to the Museum by the Misses
Busk in 1899.

Butler (FRANCIS H.)

A dealer from whom numerous purchases have been made, including
the Thomas Wright Collection (1887), part of the John Gray Collection

g.889), the Widger Collection of Pleistocene Mammalia, &c., from the Tor
ryan caves, Torquay (1892), plates of Homosteus milleri from the
Caithness Old Bed Sandstone (1894), Dr. Forsyth Major's Collection of
Pliocene Mammalia from Olivola (1895), French Cretaceous Polyzoa
(1898), and Upper Silurian Fishes from Lanarkshire (1899 aud 1900).

Buy (WILLIAM)

Buy was a labouring man who lived at Chippenham, Wilts, and
collected fossils in the neighbourhood, especially the wonderfully pre-
served Cephalopoda from the Oxford Clay of the Great Western Railway
cutting at Christian Malford. His collection was made use of by
J. Morris in preparing his " Catalogue of British Fossils " (1854). In
describing a "very fine belemnite" in the Museum (S. puzosianus),
Mantell tells his readers that it was " collected by Mr. Buy . . . who is
well known for his skill and sagacity in discovering and developing
fossils of this kind " (" Petrifactions and their Teachings," p. 458 ; 1851).
The Museum made several purchases from him between the years 1846
and 1863.

Calder (DONALD)

Collected numerous fish-remains from the Old Red flagstones of Caith-
ness, including plates of Homosteus purchased through F. H. Butler, 1894.

Cameron (E. S.)

Presented Cretaceous and Tertiary Mollusca from Montana, 1890.

Camper (PETER)

Presented mandibular ramus of Mosasaurus camperi from the Upper
Cretaceous of Maastricht, 1784.

Canada, Geological Survey of

Presented Pteraspis from Nova Scotia, 1899.

Canterbury Museum

Presented jaw of Mastodon andium from Chili, 1868.

Canterbury Museum, N.Z.

Nearly complete skeleton of Dinornis maximus received in exchange,
1874.

C apron (J. RAND)

Mr. Capron, a solicitor of Guildford, made an important collection of
about 1400 Chalk fossils, especially fishes, from the south-east of England,
and sold it to the Museum in 1879. All the specimens bear printed labels
indicating the precise locality whence they were obtained.

Carpenter (J. ESTLIN)

See CARPENTER (W. B.).

T 2

276 Geology.

Carpenter (PHILIP HERBERT) [1852-1891]

The fourth son of W. B. Carpenter, and author of the " Challenger "
Reports on Crinoidea, Carpenter was associated with R. Etheridge,
Junior, in the preparation of the " Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the . . .
British Museum" (1886). In connection with this work he obtained
specimens, chiefly from Spain, and, after figuring, presented them to the
Museum.

Carpenter (WILLIAM BENJAMIN) [1813-1885]

In his later years Dr. Carpenter accumulated an extensive series of
specimens, preparations, and drawings to illustrate the nature of Eozoon
canadense, and its resemblances to various Foraminiferal skeletons and
mineral structures. At the time of his death this research was incom-

S'ete, and the whole collection of materials was presented to the British
useum by his son, Rev. J. Estlin Carpenter in 1892.

Carruthers (WILLIAM)

Presented Palaeozoic fossils from South Africa, 1887.

Carter (HENRY JOHN) [1813-1895]

While a medical officer in Bombay, Carter occupied himself with
researches on sponges and the skeletons of other low invertebrates. He
also studied the geology of Western India and collected fossil specimens of
the groups in which he was interested. He made five small donations to
the Museum between 1882 and 1889, including Foraminifera, sponges,
and stromatoporoids, some illustrative of his own writings. He also
collected about 100 fragments of Vertebrata from the Trias near Sid-
mouth, Devonshire, where he subsequently resided. This collection was
described by A. T. Metcalfe in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological
Society (1884), and was presented by Carter to the Museum in 1883.

Castelli (F.)

A selection of 1272 North Italian fossils was purchased through
Mr. R. F. Damon from the Castelli Museum, Leghorn, on its dispersal in
1898. The mammalian fragments included teeth of Semnojrithecus,
Antilope, and Hipparion from Lower Pliocene, Casino, described by
Ristori and Forsyth Major; also teeth of Equus caballus from Monte
Tignosa, described by Forsyth Major.

Cautley (Sir PROBY T.) [1802-1871]

Colonel Cautley and Dr. Hugh Falconer (g-.v.) devoted their leisure
for eight years to the discovery of mammalian and reptilian remains in
the Lower Pliocene sandstones of the Siwalik Hills, India. The whole
collection, contained in 214 cases, each weighing about 4 cwt., was sent to
England in 1840 by Cautley, who offered it to the Geological Society, but,
for want of room, it had to be declined and was placed in the British
Museum, whose masons were occupied for several years in extracting the
fossils from their hard matrix. A few fish-remains from the same
formation were subsequently presented by Cautley in 1847. The collection
was intended to form the subject of Falconer and Cautley's "Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis," for which many plates were drawn, but of which
only nine small fasciculi were published (1844-47). Falconer's notes on
the specimens, with copies of many unpublished figures, were included in
his posthumous " Palseontological Memoirs," edited by Charles Murchison,
M.D., F.R.S.

Geology. 277

Cawdor (Earl of)

Presented Silurian Trilobites, 1836.
Chadwick (SAMUEL)

Collected fossil sponges from Coral Eag and Chalk of Yorkshire,
purchased 1895.

" Challenger " Deep-Sea Deposits

On the completion of Messrs. Murray and Eenard's Eeport on the
Deep-sea Deposits collected by the Challenger, the whole series of
specimens was received by the Department of Geology in 1895.

Chantre (C.)

Presented Coal-plants from St. Etienne, France, 1881.
Chapman (FREDERICK)

Collected and presented Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca from Fulham,
1890. Collected and prepared Foraminifera and Ostracoda from the
Chalk and Gault, purchased 1892-94.

Charlesworth (EDWARD)

Sold many fossils to the Museum, including the Crag Mollusca
described in Searles Wood's " Supplement," 1869, and various Mammalian
remains from the Eed Crag, 1875.

Cheadle (ROBERT W.)

Presented teeth of Ovibos moschatus from Crayford, 1879.
Chester (GREVILLE J.)

Presented tusk of mammoth from Norfolk coast, 1865.

Chevalier (N.)

Presented part of skeleton of Dinornis struthioides from New Zealand,
1887.

Child (COLES)

Presented Coal-plants from Ehymney, South Wales, 1871.

Chitty (Hon. EDWARD)

Presented Tertiary fossils from Jamaica, 1856.

Christy Trustees

Presented antler of elk from Cleveland, Yorkshire, 1889.

Clark (WILLIAM)

Dr. Clark, of Berea, Ohio, collected remains of fishes from the
Cleveland Shale (Upper Devonian) of the district in which he resided.
He sold several important specimens to the Museums of Columbia and
Harvard Universities, and a few specimens of Cladoselache to the
British Museum in 1896 ; but the greater part of his collection, upwards
of 200 specimens, was purchased by the Trustees in 1900. It comprised
numerous specimens of Cladoselache and various Arthrodira, besides one
Palasoniscid, all described in papers by Prof. E. W. Claypole.

Clarke (Sir CASPAR PURDON)

Presented Palseozoic and Tertiary fossils from Australia and Tasmania,

1889.

278 Geology.

Clarke (WILLIAM BRANWHITE)

Presented jaw of Sthenurus minor from river deposit, New South
Wales, 1877.
Claussen (P.)

Dr. Claussen studied the geology of the province of Minas Geraes,
Brazil, and explored some of the caverns, from which he obtained a
collection of bones, chiefly mammalian, recorded by him in the Bulletin
of the Koyal Academy of Brussels (1841), and sold to the British Museum
in two instalments in 1841 and 1844.

Claypole (EDWARD WALLER)

Presented specimens of Palxaspis arnericana from the Upper Silurian
of Pennsylvania, 1890; sold specimens of Cladoselache from U. Devonian,
Ohio (W. Clark Coll.), 1896.

Clemenceau

Collected fossils from French Chalk, purchased 1900.

Cleminshaw (EDWARD)

Presented upper jaw of Megalosaurus bucMandi from the Inferior
Oolite, Sherborne, 1883.

Clift (WILLIAM)

Presented mammalian bones discovered by Mr. Whidbey in Oreston
cavern, 1822.

Clifton (GEORGE)

Presented a collection of British fossils, including fish-remains from
the Portland Stone (Caturus diftoni, &c.), 1889.

Cochrane (Sir ALEXANDER)

Obtained the fossil human skeleton from Guadaloupe, presented by
the Lords of the Admiralty, 1813.

Collins (A. L.)

Presented Palaeozoic Crinoidal limestone from Afghanistan, 1893.

Colvin (Col)

Presented remains of ostrich, Struthio asiaticus, from Siwalik Forma-
tion, India, 1848.

Conry (THOMAS)

Presented eggs of turtles from a consolidated beach, Island of
Ascension, 1812.

Cooke (JOHN HENRY)

For some years Mr. Cooke was a schoolmaster in Malta and in-
vestigated the geology of the Maltese Islands, publishing papers in
the Geological Magazine (1891), the Quarterly Journal of the Geo-
logical Society (1893), and elsewhere. He presented 14 Pleistocene
Mollusca and 44 Tertiary Echinoidea from Malta to the Museum
in 1892. He also explored the Har Dalam Caverns, with the aid of a
Government grant, and the first selection of 200 specimens from his
collection of mammalian remains, described in the Proceedings of the
Royal Society (1893), was presented to the Museum by the Council of

Geology. 279

that Society in 1893. Other selections from the latter collection were
presented to the Museums of Valetta, Bologna, and Edinburgh.

Cookson (GEORGE)

The Kev. G. Cookson, of Writhlington, made a collection of fossils
from the Oolite below the Bradford Clay at Ancliffe ( = Avon cliff), near
Bradford, Wiltshire, about the year 1825. A list in his writing preserved
in the Geological Department, mentions 163 specimens. Many of those
were figured in the " Mineral Conchology " of J. Sowerby (g.v.) and 34
specimens have been identified in the Sowerby collection.

Coombe (G. AUGUSTUS)

Eesident at Peppering, near Arundel, Coombe collected Tertiary and
Cretaceous fossils in Sussex. He both lent and gave specimens to
Mantell, and assisted Dixon in the preparation of his " Geology and
Fossils ... of Sussex " (1850). In 1888, 447 specimens from this col-
lection, including some fine fish-remains from the Chalk, were presented
to the British Museum by Mr. P. E. Coombe. None of the specimens
bore labels.

Coombe (PERCY E.)

See COOMBE, G. AUGUSTUS.

Cooper (Sir DANIEL)

Presented marsupial remains from the river deposits of Queensland,
1861, 1864, 1866.

Cope (EDWARD DRINKER)

The collection of fossil Vertebrata made by Prof. Cope was acquired
after his death by the American Museum of Natural History, New York.
A plaster cast of the unique type-specimen of Phenacodus primxvus
contained in it, was purchased from him in 1889.

Coppinger (RICHARD WILLIAM)

Coppinger was surgeon on board H.M.S. Discovery, during the Alert
and Discovery Arctic- exploring expedition in 1875-76, under the command
of Sir George S. Nares, to whose narrative of the voyage he contributed a
Keport on the Petermann Glacier. The fine series of fossils which he
collected during the expedition, together with the specimens obtained by
Captain Feilden, Lieut. Aldrich, Dr. Moss, and Mr. Hart, were described
by Mr. R. Etheridge, Senior, in his paper on the " Palaeontology of the
Coasts of the Arctic Lands visited by the late British Expeditions, etc."
(Quart. Journ. GeoL Soc., 1878). The collection, which includes the
specimens figured by Mr. Etheridge, was presented to the Museum by
the Lords of the Treasury in December, 1878.

Corner (FRANK)

Dr. Comer has collected extensively from the superficial deposits of
the London district. In 1896 he presented to the Museum some non-
marine Mollusca from these formations.

Gotta (C. BERNHARD VON) [1808-1879]

This eminent geologist, who from 1842 to 1874 was professor at
Freiberg in Saxony, was initiated in the study of fossil botany by his
father Forstmeister Heinrich Cotta, who had made a large collection of
fossil woods and " Staarsteine " from the Permian rocks near Chemnitz

280 Geology.

(Psaronius, Tempskya, Medullosa, etc.). To their investigation young
Cotta returned from his studies in Freiberg and Heidelberg, and thus was
one of the earliest to use the microscope in determining the structure of
fossil plants. His results were published in "Die Dendrolithen in
Beziehung auf ihren inneren Bau" (1832). During a short visit to
London, he made the acquaintance of the botanist Kobert Brown, and, on
his return to Saxony to assume the post of teacher at the forestry institute
in Tharandt, became the intermediary between the British Museum and
his father, with the result that, in 1839, half of the latters collection,
containing several of the figured specimens, was bought by the Trustees.

Cottle (JOSEPH) [1770-1853]

This well-known Bristol bookseller and poet, the friend of Words-
worth and Coleridge, explored the Oreston caverns near Plymouth in
1822-23, and published an account of his observations in an appendix to
his work on "Malvern Hills" (1829). About sixty teeth and bones
discovered by him were purchased by the British Museum in 1876, but
the greater part of his collection is in the Bristol Museum.

Cowderoy (Miss) [ -1852]

This lady lived in Portman Square, where she had gathered about
2000 fossils of both vertebrates and invertebrates, mainly from the
Eocene and Oligocene beds of England and Nice, but also from the
Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks of Britain. The collection was bequeathed
by her to the Trustees.

Cracherode (CLAYTON MORDAUNT) [1730-1799]

Though ordained a minister of the Church of England, Cracherode
devoted his time, talents, and ample fortune to the collection of books
and rarities of art and nature, all which were bequeathed by him to the
nation. The shells and minerals, though forming a relatively small part
of the collection, were valued at £2000. They included one hundred fossil
animals and six fossil plants, some of which had been obtained from Lord
Bute's collection. Several can still be identified by bearing a small oblong
ticket of white paper with truncate corners, on which is the catalogue
number preceded by ZZ in the case of animals, and AAA in the case of
plants. There are in the Mineral Department, two distinct MS. lists of
this portion of the Cracherode collection (which used to be exhibited to
the public with the Cracherodean minerals), and with one of them the
numbers and signs correspond. These lists are of some interest as giving
the names used by the older naturalists, e.g., " the Anthropomorphus
Dudleyensis or Dudley fossil." Some specimens have been marked by a
later hand with a pink disc bearing the name " Cracherode."

Cremorne (Lord)

Presented pair of antlers of Irish deer, 1791.

Croft (CHARLES)

In his younger days, the present editor of the Keighley News resided
in Shropshire, and made a collection of Trilobites and other fossil inverte-
brates from the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian rocks of the neigh-
bourhood, especially a fine series from the Bala beds of Ty-Isaf. When
Mr. Croft moved to Plymouth, he sold to the British Museum a selection
from this collection, representing 572 species, mainly trilobites. These
specimens, acquired in 1873, are neatly labelled in his own hand, on
oblong tickets of bluish paper.

Geology. 281

Crofton (ADDISON)

Presented Mollusca from the Carboniferous Limestone of Yorkshire,
1898.

Croizet (L'AbU)

An inhabitant of the Auvergne, Croizet published observations on its
geology. He collected a series of vertebrate fossils, chiefly Mammalia,
from the Oligocene and Miocene freshwater deposits, and sold a selection
to the British Museum in 1848. His collection also includes some antlers
of reindeer from a rock-shelter at Neschers, a few cut by man, and one
bearing the incised figure of a horse.

Cumberland (GEORGE) [1752-1848]

After passing through the course at the Royal Academy as an honorary
student, Cumberland visited the art-treasures of Italy, and in 1792 settled
in Bristol, where he studied the local geology and collected fossils,
especially crinoids, sending his results to the Geological Society, which
occasionally published them in its Transactions and always kept his
donations. In 1826, Cumberland published his little "Reliquiae Con-
servatse" with admirable lithographs by himself and his wife. In it,
under the name Amphora, he first described the geous now called
Amphoracrinus. A specimen of the " 2nd species " of this, collected on
the borders of Yorkshire and Lancashire, had been presented by him to
the British Museum in 1825, as " a new variety of nave encrinite." The
specimens of Apiocrinus figured in this book, with other fossils of his
collection, were bought by J. Hey wood, M.P., for the Manchester
Geological Society in 1842, and were transferred to the Museum at the
Owens College in 1864. Cumberland was the first to find Marsupites at
Brighton, and figured some in his book. Subsequently he distributed
privately, as an appendix to " Reliquias," various plates illustrating fossil
crinoids. His collection as a whole was mentioned by the West of
England Journal (1835) as the finest in Bristol, and fossil fishes from it
were lent to Agassiz.

Cunningham (ROBERT 0.)

Dr. Cunningham discovered the jaws of Homalodontotlierium cunning-
hami in the Santa Cruz Beds of Patagonia, presented by the Lords of the
Admiralty, 1874.

Cunnington (WILLIAM) [1813- ]

As grandson on the mother's side, of William Cunnington, F.S.A., of
Heytesbury, Wilts, an active geologist and a friend of Win. Smith,
Mr. Cunnington had early opportunities of seeing his collection of fossil
sponges, and so, at the age of seven, began his own collection from the
flint-heaps by the roadside, and a little later from the Chalk-pits of
Upavon. Subsequently settled at Devizes, where he was honorary
curator of the local museum from its commencement in 1853, he seized
the numerous opportunities afforded by the construction of the railway
there, as also at Farringdon, Swindon, Chippenham, and Trowbridge, to
amass a remarkable collection and to become familiar with the geological
details of the country (see Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1850, pp. 453 and
454). Mr. Cunnington also made purchases from Wm. Buy (<?.#.), e.g.,
of a Bdemnoteuthis described by Owen (Phil Trans., 1844) and by
himself (London Q-eol. Journ., 1847) ; from T. Berrett of Steeple Ashton,
and (after the decease of Miss Benett [g.v.]), from J. Baker. Thus,
before he left Wiltshire in 1874, his collection contained more than

282 Geology.

20,000 specimens, and was the subject of frequent references in the
Wiltshire ArcJueologirt, and in Murray's "Handbook of Wiltshire"
(1859). So early as 1849 the Museum bought several British fossils
from Mr. Cunnington. In 1859 he presented Cretaceous invertebrates,
and in 1861 a further purchase was made from him. In 1865, at the
special request of Murchison, he sold to the Museum of Practical Geology
a fine series of Upper Greensand Sponges, many subsequently described
by Dr. G. J. Hinde. In 1875, when the reduction of his collection was
imperative, the British Museum had the first choice and purchased, in
two instalments, several thousand specimens of Cretaceous and Jurassic
fossils from Wiltshire. These included, among the Cephalopoda, many
type-specimens of D. Sharpe (Palseontogr. Soc., 1853-55) ; among Crus-
tacea Decapoda numerous specimens figured by T. Bell (Palgeontogr.
Soc., 1860); Cretaceous Brachiopoda figured by T. Davidson ( Palseontogr.
Soc., 1852) ; and many of T. Wright's types of Cretaceous Echinoderrna
( Palseontogr. Soc., 1862-67). There was also yet another fine series of
sponges from the Upper Greensand of Warminster and the Lower Green-
sand of Farringdon (see Dr. Hinde's " Catalogue of Fossil Sponges in the
British Museum," 1883). Mr. Cunnington has subsequently made
isolated donations of valuable specimens, among them being blastoids and
crinoids from Kentucky and Alabama, collected by his uncle, John
Cunnington, resident for many years in the latter State. Mr. Cunningtou's
series of Wiltshire mammalian remains, as well as a few local specimens,
were presented by him to the Devizes Museum. It is worth noting that
he never came into possession of any of his grandfather's collection, all of

whose fossils were purchased soon alter his decease by Dr. C. H. Parry of
Bath, while his collection of antiquities was bought by Sir 11. C. Hoare,
and is now in the museum at Devizes.

Cuvier (Baron GEORGES)

Presented mammalian remains and plaster casts of the same from the
Gypsum Quarries near Paris, 1818, 1822.

Daintree (RICHARD)

Presented Marsupial remains from the river-deposits of Queensland,
1871. Collected Australian fossil Invertebrata, presented by his executor,
1879.
Daly (W. MAHON)

Presented Carboniferous Limestone from Siam, 1900.
Darwin (CHARLES)

Presented two South American fossil brachiopods, 1852, and some
fossil Cirripedes, 1854.

Darbishire (ROBERT DUKINFIELD)

Mr. Darbishire, of Manchester, has studied and collected the marine
shells from the Glacial Drift of central England. In 1889 he presented
to the Museum his collection from the Drifts of Macclesfield, Blackpool,
Garston, Worden Hall, and Kelsey Hill, altogether about 1400 specimens.
The Macclesfield Collection was described by him in the Memoirs of the
Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester (1865), also tabulated
in Geol. Mag., vol. ii, p. 298.

Damon (ROBERT) [1814-1899]

This well-known Weymouth dealer in natural history specimens made
a private collection of about 400 Dorsetshire fossils to illustrate his

Geology. 283

" Geology of Weymouth and the Isle of Portland " (Ed. 2, 1884), in the
Supplement to which nearly half of the specimens were figured. The
collection was purchased by the British Museum from Mr. Damon's
executor in 1890.

Davidson (THOMAS) [1817-1885]

Born at Muir House, Midlothian, Davidson spent much of his youth
on the continent of Europe, in the study of both art and science. While
in Rome, at the age of twenty, he was attracted by Leopold v. Buch to
the study of the Brachiopoda, and to this group he devoted the rest of his
life, gathering at his Brighton residence a large collection of both recent
and fossil forms, and writing numerous papers, which were illustrated by
his own crayon. His magnum opus was the "Monograph of British
Fossil Brachiopoda" published by the Palseontographical Society
(1850-1886), but he also wrote on the brachiopods of other countries
from France to China, and published through the Linnean Society a
monograph of Recent Brachiopoda. The first of many donations to the
British Museum was made by him in 1848, and his entire collection of
specimens, drawings, and illustrative books and pamphlets, bequeathed by
him to the Trustees, was handed over by his son, Mr. Wm. Davidson, in
1886. It comprises 1796 named species and 22,831 specimens, which, by
the direction of the testator, are kept apart in one series. To it, however,
have in better accordance with the spirit of his will, been joined various
specimens described by him and previously presented. The specimens
are all accompanied by Davidson's own carefully-written MS. labels.

Davies (GEIPPITH)

Collected Ordovician Trilobites from North Wales, purchased 1871.
Davis (JAMES WILLIAM) [1846-1893]

Resident at Chevinedge, Halifax, Davis was much interested in fossil
fishes and in the geology of Yorkshire, on which subjects he published
several papers. His collection of fossils consisted chiefly of fish-remains
from the Yorkshire Coal-Measures and the Dorsetshire Lower Lias, with
a few others from Carboniferous, Rhsetic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary rocks.
They included many specimens, especially those from the Coal-Measures
and Lias, described in his own papers. A selection of 324 specimens
from this collection was purchased by the Museum from his executor
in 1895.

Dawkins (WILLIAM BOYD)

Collected and presented Mammalian remains from Windy Knoll and
Creswell Caves, Derbyshire, 1885.

Dawson (CHARLES)

Mr. Dawson, residing formerly at Hastings, now at Uckfield, collected
the remains of Dinosauria and other Reptilia from the Wealden near
Hastings. His first collection was purchased by the Museum in 1884,
and further small instalments were added in the years 1885, 1887, 1888,
1892, and 1894. The bones of Iguanodon are especially noteworthy, and
include the type-specimens of 1. dawsoni, 1. fittoni, and /. holling-
toniensis, described by Mr. Lydekker in the Geological Magazine
(1889).
Dawson (Sir JOHN WILLIAM)

This well-known Canadian geologist presented a few specimens illus-
trating his researches, namely, land-shells and small land-reptiles from.

284 Geology.

the Coal Measures of Nova Scotia in 1863, North American Devonian
Plants in 1865, and some Canadian Cambro-Silurian Sponges in 1890.

Day (FRANK)

Obtained skull of Toxodon platensis from the Pampa of Buenos Ayres,
purchased 1878.

Deane (JAMES)

Triassic footprints from Turner's Falls, Massachusetts, U.S.A., pur-
chased 1844.

Debey (JULIEN)

Presented Miocene Mollusca from Java, 1891.
Dennant (J.)

Presented Tertiary Mollusca from Muddy Creek, Victoria, 1886.

Deshayes (GEKARD PAUL) [1797-1875]

This eminent French naturalist resigned his medical practice, and, in
the words of Lyell, "sacrificed his existence to make himself, for the
benefit of science, the first fossil conchologist in Europe." He spent much
of his time collecting fossils, especially from the Tertiary rocks of Europe,
to assist those conchological and stratigraphical studies that brought him,
through Sir Charles Lyell, into cordial relations with English naturalists.
He wrote a "Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the
Collection of the British Museum," 1853-1854 ; and during those years
the Trustees purchased from him collections, chiefly of Mollusca, from the
Eocene and Miocene of the Paris Basin and Bordeaux. The rapid
progress subsequently made in the classification of those rocks soon
rendered these series, with their insufficiently detailed labels, of less value
than was expected. Deshayes' main collection is in the Ecole des Mines,
Paris.

Bewick (EDWAKD S.)

Presented Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca from the Barnwell Gravels,
Cambridge, 1889.

Dixon (FREDERIC) [1799-1849]

While practising as a physician at Worthing, Dixon made from the
rocks of the neighbourhood a collection of fossils, which he worked out
with peculiar skill. This was the basis of a work on "The Geology and
Fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous formations of Sussex " in which he
had the co-operation of the leading specialists in palaeontology, and for
the better illustration of which he borrowed specimens from other
collectors, such as J. S. Bowerbank, F. E. Edwards, G. A. Coombe, Mrs.
Smith of Tunbridge Wells, W. D. Saull, N. Wetherell, and others
mentioned on p. 55 of his work. Specimens already in the British
Museum were also figured therein. The volume should have been
published in 1850, the date on the title-page, but its author died when it
was only two-thirds printed. Finally, under the editorship of K. Owen,
it was completed and published in 1852 (vide Woodward and Sherbom,
"Brit. Foss. Vert.," p. 17). Dixon's collection, which was purchased
from his executors in 1850, contained over 4000 fossils from the Tertiary
beds of Bracklesham and Bognor and from the Chalk, besides other
miscellaneous specimens. The figured specimens of Tertiary molluscs
have been noted by Mr. E. B. Newton in his " Systematic List of the
Edwards Collection " ; the figured specimens from the Chalk bear the

Geology. 285

numbers of plate and figure, which were pencilled on them when the work
was published.

Dollin (Mrs. HARRIET)

A dealer of Lyme Regis from whom various Lower Lias fossils were
purchased, including a unique specimen of dentition of Prognathodus
guentheri, 1881.

Dowker (GEORGE) [1828-1899]

Mr. Dowker, resident near Wingham, Kent, published many obser-
vations on the geology of eastern Kent (Proc. Geol. Assoc. and elsewhere),
and collected a large series of fossils from the Eocene and Cretaceous
formations of that district. A selection of about 650 specimens from this
collection was purchased by the Museum from Mr. Dowker's executor
in 1899.

Draper (DAVID)

Presented remains of the Glossopteris Flora from South Africa, 1890
1893, 1897.

Dubois (EUGENE)

Presented a plaster cast of the calvaiiaof Pithecanthropus erectus from
Java, 1895.

Ducie (Earl of)

A donor of many valuable fossils, including Solaster moretonis from
the Great Oolite in 1864, English Chalk fossils in 1881, 2*hoderacanthus
grandis from the Carboniferous Limestone of Bristol in 1884, and supposed
lleptilian eggs from the Great Oolite in 1891.

Durrant (M. B.)

Presented a tooth of lyuanodon in Wealden sandstone, 1825.

Earl (PERCY)

Bones of Dinornithida? from New Zealand, purchased 1845.

Edwards (FREDERICK ERASMUS) [1799-1875]

As a member of the London Clay Club and a founder of the Palseontc-
graphical Society, Edwards devoted himself to the study of the British
Eocene Mollusca. Beginning with the London Clay in 1835, he extended
his researches over the Eocene strata of Sussex, Hampshire, and the Isle
of Wight, where, assisted by Mr. H. Keeping, he made the most complete
collection ever attempted by any geologist. He described his specimens
in the London Geological Journal (1847), the Geologist (1860), the
Geological Magazine (1865), and above all, in the Monographs of the
Paljeontographical Society (Vols. for 1848, 1852, 1854, 1855, 1858), the
work being continued by S. V. Wood (Vols. for 1859, 1862, 1870, and
1877). The first connection of Edwards with the British Museum was
the purchase of some Cetacean remains from the Suffolk Crag from him in
1851. In 1863 he presented remains of Eyopotamus from the Isle of
Wight Oligocene. In 1867 there was purchased from him a large series
of Tertiary plants and invertebrates from various British localities,
including cirripedes, figured by Sowerby and Darwin, corals figured bv
Edwards and Haime (Monogr. Palxont. Soc., 1850), Serpula figured by
Sowerby, also Tertiary molluscs from Germany and the Vienna basin.
The Mollusca from Vienna were named and labelled by Dr. Hoernes.

286 Geology.

The bulk of his collection of British Eocene and Oligocene Mollusca,
numbering 39,000 shells and containing the originals of his various
publications, was purchased in 1872-1873, a second series of foreign
specimens being bought through Mr. W. Kinsey in 1875. A systematic
list of the British collection, by Mr. R. B. Newton, was published by the
Trustees in 1891. All the Mollusca are still preserved on the original
paper-covered tablets, labelled in Edwards' own hand.

Egerton (Sir PHILIP MALPAS DE GKEY) [1806-1881]

Sir Philip Egerton, tenth Baronet, an elected Trustee of the British
Museum, studied geology under Conybeare and Buckland, and after
graduating at Oxford travelled abroad with his college friend, Lord Cole
(afterwards Earl of Enniskillen). He began scientific work with his
companion by exploring some of the caverns of Franconia, where the
joint researches resulted in a large collection of remains of the Cave Bear
and other Pleistocene Mammalia. Journeying to Neuchatel about 1830,
Egerton and Lord Cole became acquainted with Louis Agassiz, who
aroused their interest in fossil fishes and induced them to become life-
long collectors of these fossils. They decided to form two distinct
cabinets, but to share acquisitions and the counterpart-halves of unique
or valuable specimens. Their early collections were largely used by
Agassiz when preparing his "Recherches sur les Poissons fossiles"
(1838-44), and they contain a large proportion of his type-specimens,
besides other specimens labelled and noticed by him. In later years,
Egerton himself also described many of his own fossils. The whole of
the collection, including the cave bones and miscellaneous fossil Inver-
tebrata, in addition to the fossil fishes, was purchased from the executors
of the late Sir Philip Egerton in 1882.'

Ellis (FREDERICK)

Collected fossils from the Rhajtic of Aust Cliff, a selection purchased
1896.
Else (WILLIAM)

Collected Mammalian remains from the Bench Cavern, Brixham, near
Torquay, a selection purchased 1889.

Elter (CHARLES)

Presented skull of Rhinoceros antiquitatis from Siberia, 1813.

Elwes (J. W.)

Presented fossils from the London Clay of Fareham, 1890.

Enniskillen (WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY, Third Earl of} I" 1807-

1886]

Lord Enniskillen (at first Lord Cole) collected in association with Sir
Philip Egerton (?.«.), and his complete collection was purchased in two
instalments in 1882 and 1883. In addition to the fossil fishes and
Franconian cave bones, this collection included several valuable fossil
Vertebrata, notably a skeleton of Cervus giganteus from Ireland, and the
type-specimen of Plesiosaurus macrocephalus from the Lower Lias of
Lyme Regis.

Enys (JOHN DAVIES)

Obtained for the Museum a collection of bones of birds from the
Chatham Islands, purchased 1898.

Geology. 287

Etheridge (ROBERT)

Before the former assistant-keeper of the Geological Department
entered Government service as palaeontologist to the Geological Survey,
he lived at Bristol and here made a collection of fossils from the Silurian,
Devonian, Carboniferous, and Jurassic rocks of the neighbourhood, with
a few from elsewhere. On coming to London in 1869, Mr. Etheridge
sold the whole series of 2342 specimens to the British Museum. They
were marked in ink with letters referring to localities and horizons, as
explained in a MS. list accompanying the collection.

Ettingshausen (CONSTANTIN FREIHERR VON) [1826-1897]

After being for a few years attached to the Geologische Keichsanstalt
at Vienna, Baron von Ettingshausen became, in 1854, Professor at the
Medical and Surgical Military Academy in that city, and in 1871 went
to Graz as Professor of Botany. He was exceedingly active in collecting,
and was accustomed to bring home great masses of matrix to be split by
the winter frosts. Thus he was able to supply valuable collections to
many museums, especially the Geologische Reichsanstalt and Natur-
historisches Hofmuseum in Vienna, the Landesmuseum of Steiermark,
the University of Graz, and the British Museum. The last-mentioned
made extensive purchases from him between the years 1878-1882, during
which years he spent much time in London arranging and examining
portions of the National Collections, the results of his study being printed
by the Eoyal, Geological, and Palseontographical Societies, and in other
British publications. The material bought from von Ettingshauseu
represented, often by some of the original figured specimens, the Tertiary
floras of Styria (notably that of Parschlug), Bohemia, Carniola, and the
Tyrol, the Triassic floras of Lunz in Austria and Raibl hi Carinthia, and
the Liassic of Funfkirchen in Hungary ; it included important series
from the Paleozoic rocks of Bohemia, Moravia, and Styria, the Tertiary
of Alum Bay, and various other specimens. Most of the specimens bear
a number on a white label 1 cm. square, also a similar label in one of
several colours indicating the supposed habitat of the plant when living ;
some are provided with the name and locality on a lithographed label in
Ettingshausen's own hand; but the majority are without such labels.
A list of Ettingshausen's writings, in many of which these specimens were
referred to, was published by R. Hoemes (Mitth. naturwiss. Ver.
Steiermark, xxxiv., p. 77 ; 1898).

Evans (CALEB) [1831-1886]

While employed in the Chancery Pay Office and residing at Hamp-
stead, Evans in 1855 took up the study of geology, and collected fossils
from the excavations for new sewers in London, and in the railway
cuttings close at hand, supplementing this work by vacation studies at
the seaside. Thus he accumulated a large collection, some type-
specimens from which were bequeathed by him to the Geological Society.
A selection from the remainder of his collection was, after his death,
bought from Mr. E. Westlake. It comprised 2172 specimens from Neoco-
mian, and 1556 from Tertiary rocks, the large majority being invertebrates.
Most of Evans' papers were published by the Geologists' Association, the
most notable being " On some Sections of Chalk between Croydon and
Oxtead, with Observations on the Classification of the Chalk."

Evans (Sir JOHN)

Presented a Mammalian tooth (Bolodori) from the Wealden of Hastings,
1893.

288 Geology.

Evans (WILLIAM)

Presented Tertiary fossils from the Murray River, South Australia,
1887.

Everett (A. H.)

Presented Mammalian remains from Sarawak, Borneo, in 1890, and
Tertiary limestones from Borneo in 1894.

Ewen (C. A)

Excavated a nearly complete skeleton of Dinornis maximus in New
Zealand, purchased 1896.

Ewen (PHILIP)

Collected Lower Silurian Graptolites from Victoria, purchased 1879.

Exton (HUGH)

Presented fossil Fishes from the Stormberg Beds of South Africa,
namely, Semionotus capensis in 1883, and Cleithrolepis extoni in 1888 ;
also a unique specimen of Procolophon trigoniceps from the Karoo For-
mation in 1892.

Falconer (HUGH) [1808-1865]

To our knowledge of the fossil Mammalia, Falconer published
important contributions, which were collected in his " Palseontological
Memoirs," edited by Charles Murchison in 1868. In 1830 to 1855 he
was on Government service in India, and co-operated with Col. Cautley
(q.v.) and others in collecting and describing the fossil mammals of that
country. In 1842, when he came to England on sick leave, he brought
with him valuable collections, most of which he presented to the India
House and to the British Museum, devoting much time to their study
and arrangement in the latter institution. He also placed a few speci-
mens in the museum of the Geological Society. On his final return to
Europe, after his retirement, he travelled much in pursuit of his
researches, and amassed a small collection of mammalian remains, which
was presented to the British Museum in 1867 by his executor, Mr.
Charles Falconer. This collection included a few Indian fossils, and a
large series of remains of Hippopotamus from caverns near Palermo,
Sicily.

Peilden (HENRY WEMYSS) [1838- ]

Col. Feilden was naturalist to the Alert and Discovery Arctic
exploring expedition in 1875-6 under Sir George Nares, to whose
narrative of the voyage he contributed Appendices relating to ethnology,
Mammalia, ornithology, and, with C. E. de Ranee, an appendix " On the
Geological Structure of the Coasts of Grinnell Land and Hall Basin," as
well as a separate paper on the " Geology of the Coasts of the Arctic
Lands visited by the Expedition" (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1878). The
Palaeozoic fossils collected during the expedition were described by Mr. R.
Etheridge, Senior (torn, cit.), while the fossils of Miocene age, collected
by Messrs. Feilden and Moss (a surgeon to the expedition) from Dis-
covery Bay, were sent to Prof. 0. Heer of Zurich for determination.
Mr. Etheridge says : " The series collected by Captain Feilden are all so
carefully noted, labelled, and localised, that their history is complete and
satisfactory." The collection was presented to the Museum by the Lords
of the Treasury in December, 1878.

Geology. 289

Fenn (JOSEPH H.)

Collected vertebrate remains from superficial deposits of Madagascar,
purchased 1893.

Ferguson (G. E.)

Obtained Arthrophycus from Gold Coast Colony, presented by Prof.
J. W. Judd, 1893.

Finch (JOHN)

Finch, was a professional geologist, a member of the Philosophical
Society of Birmingham, and an authority on the Tertiary deposits of the
United States. In 1834 he sold to the Trustees his collection of American
fossils, comprising 400 specimens from Tertiary strata, representing over
150 species, 100 specimens from the Upper Secondary, and 100 from
Transition beds. The Tertiary series contained most of the types and
figured specimens of T. Say's " Account of some of the Fossil Shells of
Maryland" (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, iv., p. 124; 1824).
The specimens were unfortunately without labels, so that only 21 (about
half) of those figured can now be identified (see R. B. Newton, Oeol.
Mag., dec. iv., vol. ix., p. 303 ; 1902) ; many of these bear, written in
ink, either " N. Arner." or the specific name. Finch also presented to
the Museum a plaster cast of a trilobite on January 9th, 1836.

Fitzgerald (R. D.)

Presented remains of Miolania from Lord Howe's Island, 1885.

Fontana (Luis J.)

Presented Mammalian remains from the Pampa of Buenos Ayres,
1871-72.

Foord (ARTHUR HUMPHREYS)

Collected and presented Cephalopoda from the Carboniferous Lime-
stone of Ireland, 1893.

Forbes (HENRY OGG)

Collected remains of Dinornithidaj from New Zealand, purchased 1893.
Presented bones of Harpagornis moorei from New Zealand, 1894.

Ford (J. B.)

Presented Coal-plants from Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, 1835.

Fox (F. G. BROOK)

Presented fossils from the Salt Eange, India, 1896.

Fox (HOWARD)

Presented Invertebrate fossils and Eadiolarian Chert from Culm
Measures of North Cornwall, 1895 ; specimens of Pterocanus mirus from
Lower Devonian, Bedruthan, Cornwall, 1900.

Fox (J. H. & Co.]

Bones of Mammalia and Aepyornis from Madagascar, purchased 1894.
Fox (Bev. WILLIAM DARWIN) [ -1882]

Fox collected reptilian remains, chiefly of Dinosauria, from the
Wealden cliffs of the Isle of Wight in the neighbourhood of Brixton,
where he lived. The collection of about 500 specimens included the

VOL. I. U

290 Geology.

types of Hypsilophodon foxi, Huxley ; Polacanthus foxi, Hulke; Orni-
thopsis hulkei, Seeley ; Aristosuchus pusillus, Seeley ; and Hylxo-
champsa vectiana, Owen. The important series of remains of Hypsilo-
phodon was catalogued in a MS. volume by J. W. Hulke, and used in
his description of this dinosaur (Phil. Trans., 1882). The whole col-
lection was purchased from the executors of Fox in 1882. Fox had
previously presented the right mandibular ramus of Choeropotamus
cuvieri, Owen (1841), which he found in the Eocene of the Isle of Wight.

Franks (GODFREY FIRTH)

Presented fossil Corals from Barbados, 1891.
Fraser (CHARLES)

Presented Indian fossil Mammalia, 1847-48.

Fritsch (ANTON)

Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca, Trilobites from the Barrande Collec-
tion, and Cretaceous Teleostean Fishes from Bohemia, were purchased
respectively in 1892, 1897, 1899.

Fulljames (Capt. G.)

Presented type-skull of Mastodon perimensis from the Pliocene of
Perim Island, 1847.

Fulton (HUGH)

Tertiary Mollusca from Florida, purchased 1899.
Gamble (W.)

Mr. Gamble has collected Polyzoa from the Chalk in the neighbour-
hood of Rochester, Kent, especially at a locality near Chatham, described
by him in G. E. Vine's " Report on Cretaceous Polyzoa" (liep. Brit.
Assoc., 1892). Two collections of about 165 and 629 specimens
respectively were purchased from him in 1893 and 1898, and described in
Dr. Gregory's " Catalogue of Cretaceous Bryozoa in the British Museum."

Gardner (JOHN STARKIE)

While occupied with researches in the Gault and associated deposits
at Folkestone, Mr. Gardner obtained the services of the local collector,
John Griffith, to make a unique collection of fossils from these strata.
This collection, comprising the type-specimen of Mauisaurus gardneri,
Seeley, as well as many fossils described by Mr. Gardner himself, was
purchased by the Museum in five instalments in 1876, 1880, 1884, 1885
and 1886. Other researches on the Eocene Flora, published by the
Palseontographical Society and elsewhere, led Mr. Gardner to make large
collections of plant-remains from Alum Bay, Bournemouth, Studland, and
continental localities. These he sold to the Museum in 1880, 1881, 1884
and 1886. Under the auspices of the Royal Society and British Associa-
tion, Mr. Gardner also collected Tertiary plants in Mull and the North
of Ireland, and these were received by the British Museum in 1886.

Gavey (GEORGE EDWARD)

Devonian fossils from Belgium and British fossils, purchased respec-
tively in 1880 and 1890.

Geddes (PATRICK)

Presented Pleistocene Mammalian remains from San Angelo, Mexico,
1880.

Geology. 291

Geils (J. M.)

Presented remains of Elephas armemacus from Armenia, 1856.

Gerrard (EDWARD)

Numerous fossil Vertebrata have been purchased from this well-
known dealer, including a carapace of Hoplophorus ornatus and a skeleton
of Mylodon robustus from the Pampa of Buenos Ayres in 1883 and 1885,
remains of Aphanapteryx from the Chatham Islands in 1893, and Mada-
gascar fossils in 1894.

Gibraltar (Governor of).

Presented Mammalian remains collected by Capt. Fox Brome from
the caverns of Gibraltar, 1876.

Gibson (JOHN)

Presented Mammalian remains from ths Kirkdale Cavern, 1823-24.

Gilbertson (WILLIAM)

In the second volume of his " Illustrations of the Geology of York-
shire," 1836, Professor John Phillips writes as follows : " My greatest
obligation is to Mr. Gilbertson of Preston, a naturalist of high acquire-
ments, who has for many years explored with exceeding diligence and
acumen a region of mountain limestone remarkably rich in organic
remains. The collection which he has amassed from the small district of
Bolland is at this moment unrivalled, and he has done for me, without
solicitation, what is seldom granted to the most urgent entreaty ; he has
sent me for deliberate examination, at convenient intervals, THE WHOLE
OF HIS MAGNIFICENT COLLECTION, accompanied by remarks dictated by
long experience and a sound judgment. He had proposed to publish an
account of his discoveries, and especially of the Crinoidea for which no
man in Europe had equal materials, and had made a great number of
careful drawings for the purpose ; but all these, as well as the specimens,
he placed at my disposal — a striking proof of liberal and genuine devotion
to science. An attentive examination of this rich collection rendered it
unnecessary to study minutely the less extensive series preserved in other
cabinets."

"Most of the figures of fossils are taken from specimens in Mr.
Oilbertson's collection, because these were generally the best that could
be found." Gilbertson was a pharmaceutical chemist and obtained his
specimens largely by purchase, thus acquiring the collection of Dr.
Alexander Moore of Preston, which included many specimens figured in
Sowerby's " Mineral Conchology." He presented a few crinoids to the
Geological Society in 1826 and in 1841, but in the latter year the rest of
his collection was purchased by the Trustees. It consisted of 2646
specimens, thus distributed: Corals, 103; Echinoderms, 613; Bivalves,
1041 ; Univalves, 810 ; Crustacea, etc., 79. In addition to the specimens
from Bolland are some from the Coal Measures of Lancashire. As the
collection was purchased by Dr. J. E. Gray and was for many years
retained in the Zoological Department, most of the specimens bear the
circular register ticket of that department, replacing Gilbertson's original
numbers. Labels in faded brown ink in the hand-writing of Phillips,
and signed <J>, are occasionally preserved. The collection was accompanied
by a detailed MS. list, which denoted by "P." the specimens figured by
Phillips, as mentioned above ; by " Z. J.," the blastoids figured by
G. B. Sowerby in the Zoological Journal ; by " S." or " Sow," specimens

u 2

292 Geology.

figured by J. Sowerby in the " Mineral Conchology " ; and by " G. M.rw
numerous specimens figured in his own manuscript, which unfortunately
has disappeared.

Gillett (ALFRED)

Presented a skeleton of Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris from the Lower
Lias of Street, 1884.

Gipps (W. L. R.)

Presented Marsupial remains from the river deposits of New South
Wales, 1875.

Godwin- Austen (Col. H. H.)

Presented Palaeozoic fossils from Kashmir, 1888, and Lower Pliocene
Mollusca from N. Italy, 1896.

Goldenberg (FRIEDRICH) [1799-1881]

Goldenberg studied the Lower Permian flora and fauna of Rhenish
Prussia, and made a collection of fossils in illustration of his work. From
this collection 155 specimens, chiefly animal remains from the neighbour-
hood of Saarbriicken, were purchased by the British Museum from
Professor Schenk in 1890. The selection included 8 specimens figured in
Goldenberg's "Fauna Sarsepontana Fossilis" (1875-77).

Gollmer (C. H. V.)

Collected Cretaceous Invertebrata in the Lebanon, purchased 1896.

Goodchild (JOHN GEORGE)

Presented Tertiary shells from Bordighera, 1882.

Goodwin (FRANK S.)

Presented antlers of Cervus elaphus from tufa at Alport, Derbyshire,
1891.

Gordon (Rev. GEORGE)

Presented skeleton of Hyperodapedon gordoni from Trias of Elgin,
1886.

Gordon (JOHN)

Presented fossil Fishes from Lignite of Taubate, San Paulo, Brazil,
1900.

Gostling (ARCHIBALD C.)

Presented skull of JBalcena australis from river deposit at Villa
Constitucion, Argentine Republic, 18i)8.

Gowreeshankar (Diwdn WAJESHANKAR)

Presented Pliocene teeth of Mastodon from Perim Island, 1885.

Grant (Col. CHARLES COOTE)

Collected and presented Ordovician and Silurian fossils from Ontario,
Canada, 1899, 1900.

Grant (E. M.)

Bones of Elephas from the Pleistocene of Belgrade, purchased 1881.

Geology. 293

Gray (JOHN)

As an iron- master, John Gray of Hagley, near Stourbridge, owned
quarries in the Wenlock Limestone at Dudley, whence the stone was
extracted for use as a flux. His workmen saved the fossils for him and
he purchased others from elsewhere, and thus thrice amassed a splendid
collection. His first was one of those to which Murchison acknowledges
his indebtedness in the " Silurian System." In 1861, it contained 2730
specimens, and of these the Museum purchased 2366. The rest, it is said
in the documents referring to the transaction, were destined for the
Museum of Practical Geology; but just a year later he sold to the
Museum a series of trilobites from the Wenlock Shale of Malvern. The
first series comprised : 103 trilobites, including many figured by Salter
(Mem. Geol. Surv. and Palseontogr. Soc.), the type of Lichas grayi and
other Lichas figured by Fletcher; 241 echinoderms, including types of
Lepidaster grayi, Pseudocrinus magnificus, and presumably Pisocrinus
pilula, also specimens of Pseudocrinus bifasciatus and Apiocy&tis pentre-
moides figured by Forbes; 199 corals, including the type of Heliolites
grayi; 1823 shells of molluscs and brachiopods, including specimens of
Leptaena and Siphonotreta figured by Davidson; and the types of
Chiton grayanus and 0. wrightianus, tfce latter subsequently referred to
Turrilepas. A selection from Gray's second collection was bought in two
instalments in 1869, and amounted to 775 Wenlock fossils from Dudley,
all classes of invertebrates being represented. On Gray's death his whole
collection was taken over by the dealer, F. H. Butler, and from him
in 1889 the Trustees purchased 337 selected specimens of invertebrates
from the Wenlock beds of Dudley and of plants from the Coal Measures.
A few other interesting specimens that came to light later on were also
purchased. The remainder were dispersed by Mr. Butler in the course of
business, and some of these also have ultimately found their way to the
Museum, in the Madeley and other collections. Spt cimens from the Gray
collection are readily recognised from being fixed with chalk and gum on
a thin wooden tablet covered with a smooth purplish-brown paper, and
provided with a label written on white paper.

Green (Rev. CHARLES)

Green, of Bacton, Norfolk, collected fossils, chiefly Yertebrata, from
the Forest Bed and the Fens. Many of his specimens were described in
Owen's "British Fossil Mammals and Birds." His collection was pur-
chased by the Museum in 1843.

Green (JACOB)

Presented plaster casts of North American Trilobites, 1834.

Green (UPFIELD)

Presented Devonian Invertebrata from the Eifel, 1899.
Greenhill (J. E.)

Collected and presented non-marine Mollusca from river-deposits at
€lapton, Essex, 1888, and Mammalian remains from a Turbary at
Walthamstow, 1890.

Greenough (GEORGE BELLAS)

Presented Tertiary shells from Barbados, 1822.
Greenwood (GEORGE)

Presented jaws of cave-bear from cavern at Isturitz, Bayonne, 1898.

294 Geology.

Greenwell (Canon WILLIAM)

Presented Mammalian remains from Heathery Burn Cave, Durham,
1892.

Gregory (JOHN WALTER)

While assistant in the Department of Geology, Dr. Gregory, now
Professor of Geology at Melbourne, made an important collection of fossil*
in Spitzbergen in 1896, and a large collection of Tertiary and Pleistocene
fossils, including bones and teeth of the rodent Amblyrhiza in the West
Indies in 1899. These collections were received as donations in the years-
mentioned.

Grenfell (J. G.)

While a master at Clifton College, Mr. Grenfell collected the crinoids
of the Carboniferous Limestone in the Gorge of the Avon, as well as many
from Clitheroe and the neighbourhood of Preston, Lancashire, and pub-
lished a valuable paper on them in 1876 (Proc. Bristol Nat. Soc. I.). Hi*
collection of 61 specimens, purchased by the Trustees in 1891, contained
the types of Rhodocrinus verisimilis and Gilbertsocrinus konincki, with
figured examples of Poteriocrinus plicatus and Rhodocrinus verus. The
specimens were numbered in correspondence with a MS. note-book,
presented with the collection; but some of the specimens therein
mentioned were not received. The collection had been examined by
Major Austin, who agreed with Mr. Grenfell's determinations.

Grey (Sir GEORGE)

Presented fossil Reptiles from the Karoo Formation of South Africa,
1859.

Grigson (W. H.)

Presented Tertiary fossils from Gippsland, Victoria, 1882.

Grose-Smith (HENLEY)

Shells and other remains of Testudo grandidieri from caverns of
Madagascar, purchased 1892.

Guenther (ROBERT THEODORE)

Mr. Guenther, of Magdalen College, Oxford, visited northern Persia ia
1898, and collected a few mammalian bones from the Lower Pliocene of
Maragha, besides 145 invertebrate fossils, chieily Miocene, from the-
neighbourhood of Lake Urmi. The collection was described by Dr.
J. W. Gregory, Mr. R. B. Newton, and others, in Mr. Guenther's paper
" Contributions to the Natural History of Lake Urmi" (Journ. Linn. Soc.
\Zool.~\ 1899), and presented to the Museum by the collector in 1900.

Gunn (JOHN)

Presented a Paramoudra from the Chalk of Norfolk, 1827.
Guppy (H. B.)

Presented Post-Tertiary shells from the Solomon Isles, 1887.

Guppy (ROBERT JOHN LECHMERE)

Collected Tertiary Foraminifera from Trinidad, purchased 1892.

Haberlein (KARL)

Haberlein was a medical practitioner in Pappenheim, Bavaria, where
are great quarries in the Lithographic Stone (Lower Kimmeridgian). In

Geology. 295

consideration of professional services rendered to the quarrymen and their
families, he was able to amass a valuable collection, comprising the original
specimen of Archseopteryx macrura described by Owen (Phil. Trans.,
1863) and 1703 other fossils— namely, 23 reptiles, 294 fishes, 1119
invertebrates, 145 plants, and 122 miscellaneous. The whole collection
was purchased by the British Museum in two instalments iu 1862-63, the
total sum paid to Haberlein being £700.

Haden (Sir FRANCIS SEYMOUR)

Presented a head of Ichthyosaurus platyodon and other reptiles and
fishes from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, 1882.

Haggard (Lieut., fi.N.)

Presented eggs of turtles from a consolidated beach in the Island of
Ascension, 1880.

Haldon (LORD)

Presented Mammalian remains and implements from Kent's Cavern,
Torquay, 1883.

Hall (EDGAR)

Collected remains of Glossopteris Flora from New South Wales,
presented by Mr. W. H. Shrubsole, 1892.

Hall (TOWNSHEND MONCKTON) [1845-1899]

Residing at Pilton, near Barnstaple, Hall devoted himself to the
geology of North Devon, contributing papers to the Transactions of
the Devonshire Association and the Geological and Mineralogical
Magazines. Many of his specimens were figured in T. Davidson's
Monograph of Devonian Brachiopoda ; and his collection formed the basis
of a valuable paper " On the Relative Distribution of Fossils throughout
the North. Devon Series" (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. xxiii. Proc. p. 371;
1867). A selected series of 237 fossils, including plants, fishes, and all
classes of iuvertebrates, was bought from him in 1886.

Hamilton (A.)

Skeleton of Aptornis defossor from New Zealand, purchased 1893.

Hamling (JOSEPH G.)

Collected and presented Trilobites from the Culm Measures near
Barnstaple, 1896.

Hanbury (DANIEL)

Presented Devonian Brachiopoda from China, and Mammalian remains
from Chinese caverns, 1853.

Hantken (MAX VON)

Presented fossil Foraminifera from Hungary, 1888.

Hardman (EDWARD T.)

Collected and presented fossils from Western Australia, 1887.

Harford (FREDERICK)

For many years, Harford relieved the tedium of a city life by the
preparation of Chalk fossils. His specimens were collected chiefly by
Joseph Wood in the neighbourhood of Cuxton and Burham, Kent, but
scarcely any of them bore a record of the locality whence they were

296 Geology.

obtained. His collection was mentioned in Dixon's "Geology of Sussex"
(1850). Besides the beautifully-prepared Chalk fossils, especially fishes,
Harford accumulated a few specimens from other formations, some of
them valuable. The greater part of the collection, numbering 1108
specimens, was purchased from him in 1888. In the same year he
presented to the Museum the type-specimen of Tfirissops portlandicus,
A. S. Woodw., from the Portland Stone; and in 1889 he handed over
to the Trustees the residue of his collection as a donation, to be used
partly for distribution as duplicates to other museums.

Harlan (RICHARD)

Presented plaster casts of North American Trilobites, 1834.

Harmsworth (ALFRED)

Presented duplicates from a collection of Jurassic fossils from Franz
Josef Land, 1899.

Harris (GEORGE FREDERICK)

Collected and presented Oligocene and Miocene Mollusca from
Bordeaux, 1894.

Harris (WILLIAM) [1797-1877]

Harris collected fossils in the Chalk pits near Chaiinpr, Kent, especially
from a detritus of Danian age. He lent and presented specimens to
several palaeontologists engaged in research, notably Toulmin Smith,
W. C. Williamson, and Prof. T. Rupert Jones. A selection of about
240 specimens from the collection left at his death, was purchased by the
Museum from his daughter in 1881. It comprised Ichthyosaurian
remains figured in Dixon's "Geology of Sussex," various fish-remains,
Brachiopoda described by Davidson, and Foraminifera and Entomostraca
described by Prof. Eupert Jones.

Harrison (JAMES)

Collected fossils from the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis and Charmouth
and prepared the skeleton of Scdidosaurus harrisoni, purchased 1861, 1865.

Harrison & Hodgson (Messrs.)

Presented Mammalian remains from a submerged forest at Jarrow,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1857.

Hartmann (C. H.)

Presented Marsupial remains from river deposits of Queensland, 1884.

Hastings (BARBARA, Marchioness of) [1810-1858]

Barbara, Baroness Grey de Ruthyn, married (1) the second Marquis
of Hastings (d. 1844) ; and (2) Commodore Hastings (afterwards Admiral
Sir Hastings) R. Yelverton, G.C.B. (d. 1878). With the aid of Mr. Henry
Keeping, she collected fossil Vertebrata, chiefly Mammalia, from the
Eocene and Oligocene of Hordwell (Hampshire) and the Isle of Wight.
She also acquired specimens for comparison from Montmartre, Allier, and
the Mayence Basin. The collection included several specimens described
by Owen, and many unique fossils described by later authors. The
greater part of it was purchased by the Museum from the Marchioness in
1855, and a few additional specimens were purchased at her sale at
Stevens' rooms in the same year.

Geology. 29T

Hatch (FREDERICK HENRY)

Presented remains of the Glossopteris Flora from the Transvaal, 1898.

Haughton (THOMAS JAMES)

Presented Palaeoniscid fishes from the Karoo Formation of South
Africa, 1897.

Hauxwell

Collected Tertiary shells from valley of the Amazon, purchased 1870.

Hawkins (PERCY)

Presented Archanodon j'ukesi from Upper Old Red Sandstone of
Llanvaches, Monmouthshire, 1895.

Hawkins (SAMUEL JAMES)

Hawkins collected and prepared a fine series of fossils, especially
fish-remains and two Pterosaurian bones, from the Chalk of Blue-bell
Hill, Burham, Kent. He presented the collection of about 515 specimens
to the British Museum in 1891.

Hawkins (THOMAS) [1810-1889]

From the Lower Lias of Somersetshire and Dorsetshire, Hawkins, of
Glastonbury, collected skeletons of Ichthyosaurs and Plesiosaurs " which
his anatomical skill, and untiring perseverence and patience, enabled him
to dissect from the rock, in a state of integrity previously thought
unattainable." His more important specimens figured in his curious
works, " Memoirs on Ichthyosauri " (1834), and " The Book of the Great
Sea-Dragons " (1840), were purchased by the British Museum in 1834, on
the valuation of Dean Buckland and Gr. A. Mantell, the latter of whom
remarks that " They had been obtained with so much labour and expense,
and were so admirably put together, and chiselled out with so much skill,
that the sum awarded for them was scarcely sufficient" (London Geol.
Journ., p. 16 ; 1846). A subsequent collection of equal importance was
purchased in 1840. He presented other portions of his collection to the
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

Hector (Sir JAMES)

Presented Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils from New Zealand, 1875,
and collected other similar specimens, purchased 1880.

Heggerty

Mammalian remains from Kent's Cavern, purchased 1843.
Hicks (HENRY)

Collected and presented Arenig fossils from Pembrokeshire in 1865,
various Welsh Cambrian and Silurian fossils in 1884, and Mammalian
remains from caverns in the Vale of Clwyd, 1885.

Hills (R. C.)

Presented Tertiary insects and plants from Wyoming and Colorado,
U.S.A., 1891.

Hinde (GEORGE JENNINGS)

Presented Conodonts from the Sub-Carboniferous of Ohio, 1878;
Invertebrate fossils and Eadiolariau Chert from the Culm Measures of
N. Cornwall, 1895.

298 Geology.

Hinton (HENRY ARTHUR)

Presented Cretaceous Polyzoa, 1897.

Hitchcock (EDWARD)

Presented Triassic footprints from Connecticut, 1862.

Hoffert (H. H.)

Presented Palaeozoic fossils from the Falkland Islands, 1891.

Holl (HARVEY BUCHANAN) [1820-1886]

A pupil in field geology of Sir H. de la Beche and Rogers of Pennsyl-
vania, Holl retired to Malvern in 1862 and carried out valuable studies
on the geology of the Malvern Hills (Quart. Journ. Geol Soc., 1864-65).
He also published papers on the Inferior Oolite in the middle and south of
England (op. cit., 1863), and on the older rocks of south Devon and east
Cornwall (op. cit., 1869). He wrote several papers on fossil sponges and
Entomostraca, the latter in conjunction with T. Eupert Jones (1865-69).
Holl's collection, purchased from his executor, W. H. Holl, Esq., Q.C.,
consisted of 414 slides of Foraminifera and Ostracoda, the latter including
the specimens figured by Jones and Holl, and 1205 invertebrate fossils
from various British formations, especially those discussed in the above-
mentioned papers. Among them were a figured specimen of Ilomalonotus
johannis, and types of Mesozoic corals figured by P. Martin Duncan, viz.,
Cyclolites beani, Montlivaltia hotti, M. painswicki, and Septastrea haimei
(Palseontogr. Soc.).

Hollis (THOMAS)

Presented Tertiary shells from Sicily, 1763.

Holm (GERHARD)

Prepared specimens of Eurypterus from the Upper Silurian of Oesel,
purchased 1898.

Holroyd (WILLIAM FIRTH)

Presented English Lower Carboniferous Invertebrata, 1897.

Hoist (P. A.)

Kemains of Cervus giganteus from Eussia, purchased 1883.

Home (Sir EVERARD)

Presented vertebral column of Ichthyosaurus from the Lower Lias of
Lyme Eegis, 1819.

Homersham (COLETTE)

Presented rocks and fossils from a deep boring at Eichmoud, Surrey.
1887.

Homfray (DAVID) [1822-1893]

By profession a lawyer, resident at Portmadoc in North Wales,
Homfray spent his leisure in searching for fossils in the Palaeozoic rocks
of the neighbourhood, where he discovered many new forms, especially in
the Tremadoc beds. He also worked the Menevian strata of Maentwrog
and St. Davids with equal success. He was most generous in giving
away even his finest specimens, and among other Museums that chiefly
benefited by his labours were the Woodwardian at Cambridge, and the
Manchester Museum. The latter contains several of his trilobites and a

Geology. 299

Ctenodonta, described by Hicks and by Salter. Homfray's first donation
to the British Museum consisted of 20 Tremadoc fossils, mostly trilobites,
in 1867; while in 1882 he presented 379 fine fossils from the lower
Palaeozoic rocks of Wales.

Hood (T. H. COCKBUBN)

Presented Plesiosaurian remains from New Zealand, 1861, 1863; a
footprint of Dinornis in modern beach-sandstone from New Zealand,

1872.

Hooker (Sir JOSEPH DALTON)

Presented Cretaceous fossils collected by Capt. Mansell in the Lebanon,
1863.

Home (WILLIAM)

While in business in Leyburn, Mr. Home made a large collection of
Elasmobranch teeth from the Yoredale Kocks of Wensleydale, Yorkshire.
The greater part of it, including the type and other specimens described
by J. W. Davis, was purchased by the late Mr. William Reed for the
York Museum. A valuable second selection from this collection, how-
ever, was purchased by the Trustees of the British Museum in 1885.

Homer (A. C.)

Presented Thecospondylus horneri from the Wealden of Tunbridge
Wells, 1882.

Hoser (JULIUS)

Skeletons of Neusticosaurus pusillus from Upper Trias of Wiirtemberg,
purchased 1881.

Hoskold (H. D.)

Presented specimens of the Glossopteris Flora from Argentina, 1890.

Housman (HENRY)

Presented footprints of Bhynchosaurus from Trias of South Stafford-
shire, 1862.

Houzeau de Lehaie (A.)

Presented Upper Cretaceous and Eocene fish-teeth from Belgium, 1889.

Howarth (OSBEET HENRY)

Presented a slab of shell-marble from La Luz, New Mexico, 1892.

Hughes (Mrs. MCKENNY)

Collected and presented non-marine Mollusca from Barnwell gravels,
Cambridge, 1888.

Hulke (JOHN WHITAKER) [1830-1895]

This eminent oculist pursued researches among Mesozoic Reptilia,
especially Dinosauria, Ichthyosauria, and Crocodilia. He described several
specimens discovered by Mr. Mansel-Pleydell and Rev. W. Fox, and he
himself made a collection of Dinosaurian remains from the Wealden of
the Isle of Wight. This collection of nearly 400 specimens, including
the type-specimen of Iguanodon seelyi and figured specimens of Hypsilo-
phodonfoxi, was presented to the British Museum with other miscellaneous
fossils by Mrs. Hulke in 1895.

300 Geology.

Hunter (ROBERT) [1823-1897]

As missionary at Nagpur, central India, from 1847 to 1855, Hunter
pursued geological researches in that region with Rev. Stephen Hislop.
He collected fossils in both the Nagpur district and other parts of India,
and his whole collection, of about 1700 specimens, was received by the
British Museum as a bequest in 1897.

India, Geological Survey of

Presented fossil Corals from Sicd, 1881.

India, Secretary of State for

Presented Mammalia and Ileptilia from the Siwalik Formation of
India, 1860.

Inglefield (Admiral Sir EDWARD AUGUSTUS) [1820-1894]

In 1852, Inglefield undertook a voyage to the Arctic in the Isabel, in
search of Sir John Franklin, and in the following year published an
account of the expedition, with remarks on the physical geography,
geology, etc., of Davis Straits, and its east and west shores, by P. C.
Sutherland, surgeon to the expedition. His collection of fossils was
transferred from the Museum of Practical Geology in 1878.

Inglis (DAVID)

Presented skull of Bos primigenius from Athol, Perthshire, 1817.

Inwards (RICHARD)

Presented Palaeozoic fossils from Bolivia, 1830.

Jack (ROBERT LOGAN)

Presented fossil Invertebrata from Australia, 1879.

Jackson (FREDERICK)

Presented duplicates from a collection of Jurassic fossils from Franz
Josef Land, 1899.

Jackson (J. E.)

Presented Pentacrinus fossilis and Carboniferous Crinoids, 1887.

Jardin des Plantes, Paris

Presented fossils from the Gypsum Quarries near Paris, 1818.

Jayakar (Lieut.-Col. A. S. G.)

Presented Eocene Mollusca from Oman, Arabia, 1900.

Jennings (W. F.)

Collected English Mesozoic Invertebrata, presented by Miss Ethel A.
Thomas, 1892.

Jesson (THOMAS)

Mr. Jesson began his collection at Cambridge, when he obtained a fine
series of fossils from the Cambridge Greensand, including some unique
bones of birds described by Prof. Seeley (Quart. Journ. OeoL Soc., 1876),
and a few small Chelonian skulls described by Mr. Lydekker (loc. cit.,
1889). At the same time he collected from the Red Chalk of Hunstanton.
Subsequently removing to the neighbourhood of Northampton, Mr. Jesson
devoted attention to the Great Oolite of that district and the Oxford Clay

Geology. 301

of St. Ives. Some Teleosaurian remains from the Great Oolite were
purchased from him by the British Museum in 1888, but the greater part
of his collection from that formation was acquired by the Northampton
Museum. Selections of 1730 fossils from the Bed Chalk, including
Polyzoa described by G. E. Vine, 1010 fossils from the Oxford Clay of
St. Ives, and 2709 fossils from the Cambridge Greensand were purchased
from him by the British Museum in 1891, 1892, and 1894 respectively.

Jeunneret

Collected Australian Palaeozoic Brachiopoda, presented by Lord
Stanley, 1846.

Jex

A collector for the dealer E. Damon and his successor, E. F. Damon.
Obtained Scottish Old Eed Sandstone and Carboniferous Fishes purchased
at various times from Damon. Also collected fish-remains from the
Devonian of Canada, purchased from Damon, 1888 and 1892, and
Mammalia from the Santa Cruz beds of Patagonia, purchased from
Damon, 1899.

Johnson (HENRY) [1823-1885]

In the exercise of his profession as a civil and mining engineer in the
Midlands, H. Johnson of Dudley had many opportunities for collecting
fine specimens of fossils. These " he cherished with personal care and
skilful manipulation, exhibiting their parts and characters clearly and
with judgment, so that the palaeontologist visiting his wonderfully rich
collection, not only saw specimens better than he had seen before, but
always found a judicious selection of doubtful or unknown forms...
separated for examination by the specialist " (Geol. Mag , 1885, p. 432).
On Johnson's death, 2524 selected fossils from his collection were purchased
through the dealer, E. Damon. Of these 1551 were from the Wenlock
Beds, and consisted of 28 sponges, 466 corals, 211 echinoderms, 192
arthropods, 25 annelids, 136 polyzoans, and 493 molluscs ; 973 were from
the Carboniferous rocks of the neighbourhood, and of them 759 were
plants, 79 arthropods, 105 molluscs, and 30 the remains of fishes. The
best known of these choice specimens is the type of Eucladia johnsoni,
H. Woodward.

Johnson (JAMES R.) [ -1845]

In medical practice at Hot Wells, Bristol, Johnson was a wealthy
collector of fine fossils. His collection is mentioned in the West of
England Journal (1835) as "particularly distinguished by the truly
gigantic Ichthyosaurian remains which it contains." It was visited by
Agassiz when he came to England to study fossil fishes. At Johnson's
death, his collection was sold at Stevens', and, as the Austins say, " the
treasures which it had taken a long life to accumulate were dispersed
throughout the civilised world." A catalogue of the sale is in the library
of the Geological Department. The British Museum then obtained a
number of specimens of varied nature, including several Mesozoic fishes,
and some remains of Crinoidea, a few of the latter figured by T. and T.
Austin (q.v.\ notably the wonderful group from the Upper Lias of
Bridport, described by them under the name of Pentacrinus johnsoni.

Johnson (JAMES YATE)

Presented Tertiary Mollusca from Madeira, 1857.

302 Geology.

Jones (THOMAS RUPERT)

In the course of his researches on fossil Foraminifera and Entomostraca,
Prof. Kupert Jones collected important series of specimens, purchased
from him in 1869, 1880, 1882, 1888, 1891, 1892, and 1899.

Jones (W. WEAVER)

A resident of Cleobury Mortimer, Weaver Jones collected teetli and
spines of Elasmobranch Fishes from the Carboniferous Limestone of
Oreton, and a few remains of Bothriolepis, &c., from the Upper Old Red
Sandstone of Farlow, Shropshire. Some of the fish-teeth were figured by
Morris and Roberts (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1862). The collection of
140 specimens was purchased by the Museum from Mr. Jones' executor
in 1880.

Jordan (SWINFEN)

Presented Carboniferous Corals from Clifton, 1876.
Judd (JOHN WESLEY)

Presented fossils from borings in the London Basin, 1885 ; Ostracoda
from the Bracklesham Beds, 1888 ; and Arthrophycus from Gold Coast
Colony, 1893.

Jukes-Browne (ALFRED JOHN)

Presented Tertiary and Post-Tertiary fossils from Barbados, 1890 and
1892 ; Miocene Mollusca and Corals from Antigua, 1894.

Kapff

Collected Reptilia from the Trias of Wiirtemberg, purchased 1864.
Kaup (JOHANN JACOB) [1803-1873]

Dr. Kaup was Inspector of the Grand-Ducal Cabinet of Natural
History at Darmstadt, from 1840 until 1873, and devoted special
attention to the fossil Mammalia discovered in the Miocene deposits of
Hesse-Darmstadt. He made a private collection of these fossils and sold
it in instalments to the British. Museum in the years 1837, 1845, 1846,
and 1847. He finally sold the unique skull of Dinotherium giganteum,
•described by himself and A. v. Klipstein, and other important associated
mammalian fossils, to Dr. Thomas Oldham, who allowed the British
Museum to purchase them in 1867. Many of the specimens acquired by
the Museum are described in Kaup's " Ossements Fossiles " (1832-41)
and in other memoirs by him.

Keeping (HENRY)

A well-known collector from whom were purchased Middle Eocene
Mollusca from Stubbington, Hampshire, 1858 ; Pleistocene Mammalian
remains from Barrington, Cambridge, 1885 ; and Tremadoc fossils from
Shineton, Shropshire, 1889. Also collected Oligocene fossils from the
Isle of Wight, presented by the Council of the Royal Society, 1887, and
assisted in making the collections of F. E. EDWARDS and the MARCHIONESS
OF HASTINGS (q.v.).

Kellett (Capt.)

Presented Pleistocene Mammalia from Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, 1850.
Kemper (S.)

Presented Palaeoniscid fishes from the Karoo Formation of South
Africa, 1897.

Geology. 303

Her (G. C. E.)

Molar of Mastodon angustidens from the Red Crag of Foxall, Suffolk,
purchased 1888.

Ketley (CHARLES)

Living at Smethwick, near Birmingham, Ketley utilised the oppor-
tunities afforded to him as a civil and mining engineer, of collecting
specimens from the Wenlock Beds and Coal Measures of Dudley,
Malvern Tunnel, and the district. The Museum made small purchases
from him in 1866, 1869, 1870, 1873, 1874, and among these a series of
the rare cystid Placocystis, and another of the coral Goniophyllum, are
noticeable. Specimens from his collection are in many other museums,
e.g. the Woodwardian at Cambridge; but on his death his main col-
lection was acquired by the Mason College, now Birmingham University,
a few remaining in the possession of his son, Mr. C. B. Ketley. One
of the latter, figured by Bather (1891) as Thenarocrinus callipyyus,
ultimately reached the Museum in the collection of Mr. W. Madeley.

Kidston (ROBERT)

Collected Coal-plants from the Radstock and Forest of Dean Coalfields,
presented by the Council of the Royal Society, 1885, 1887.

Kimbley (HUGH)

Presented Devonian Pentremites from Kentucky, 1890.

King (WILLIAM)

Presented Syringosphxra from the Karakoram, Kashmir, 1890.

Kirkby (J. W.)

Collected Palaeozoic Ostracoda, purchased 1888.

Klipstein (AUGUSTUS VON) [1801-1894]

Appointed Professor of Mineralogy at Giessen in 1836, Klipstein at
once entered into correspondence with the British Museum, but it was
not until he had published his " Beitrage zur geologischen Kenntniss der
Ostlichen Alpen " (1843) that the bargaining began seriously. At last, in
1851, the Trustees bought from him a collection of 6147 specimens,
mostly from the St. Cassian beds, and including all those specimens in his
own possession that were figured in the above work. Most classes of
Invertebrata were represented, as well as the reptilian fragments de-
scribed by H. v. Meyer in the same book, and a few fish-remains. The
collection further comprised specimens from other Triassic beds and other
localities of the Tyrol, e.g. Muschelkalk, Wengener Schichten, and
Raibler Schichten, also Cretaceous corals from Gosau, and Tertiary
fossils from Brand enberger Thai, N. Tyrol. The collection was divided
into 1030 lots, numbered consecutively, and each with one or more labels
in Klipstein's handwriting, usually on pink paper. Not merely is this
the chief collection of Keuper fossils in the Museum, but its value to the
student may be judged from Zittel's statement that Klipstein increased
the St. Cassian fauna by more than 300 species, " deren Begrundung und
Beschreibung freilich manches zu wiinschen lasst." Other series of
Klipstein's collecting are to be seen at Budapest and elsewhere, but that
in the British Museum is the one by which his work must be interpreted.

Knight (THOMAS A.)

Presented Silurian Trilobites, 1836.

304 Geology.

Koch (ALBERT C.)

About 1840 Koch brought a large collection of remains of Mastodon
americanus from Missouri and exhibited them to the public at Exeter
Change in London. This collection was described by Koch himself in a
small pamphlet entitled, "Description of the Missourium" (Louisville,
1841) and it was reported on by It. Owen (Proc. Geol. Soc., 1842). It
was ultimately purchased by the British Museum in 1844, and many of
the separate bones were used in the reconstructed skeleton now placed at
the entrance to the gallery of Fossil Mammalia.

Kochibe (T.)

Presented Kadiolarian Chert from Japan, 1898.

Koninck (LAURENT GUILLAUME DE) [1809-1887]

Though Professor of Chemistry at Liege, de Koninck's title to fame
rests on his " Description des Animaux Fossiles qui se trouvent dans le
Terrain Carbonifere de Belgique " (1842-51), and subsequent works of
similar nature. In 1853, on coming to London to receive the Wollaston
Fund of the Geological Society, he sold to the British Museum a col-
lection of Belgian fossils, representing 500 species from the Carboniferous,
125 from the Devonian, and 250 from the Tertiary rocks, in all some
3000 specimens. These were accompanied by loose labels in de Koninck's
small angular hand on oblong bits of white paper.

Krantz (A. AND F.)

Numerous purchases have been made, especially of Continental fossils,
from these dealers. They include pigmy elephants from the caverns of
Sicily, 1897.

Kusta (J.)

Collected fossils from the Lower Permian Gas-coal of Bohemia,
including a fossil scorpion (Cyclophthalmus) purchased from him, 1895.

Laffan (GEORGE BASTABLE)

Presented antler of Eeindeer and skull of Bison from Thames deposits
of Twickenham, 1894.

Lakin (MICHAEL H.)

Presented skeleton of Ichthyosaurus platyodon from Lower Lias of
Stockton, Warwickshire, 1898.

Lambert (C. J.)

Presented Tertiary shells and fish-teeth from Coquimbo, Chili, 1878.

Lankester (EDWIN RAY)

Presented a unique specimen of Pteraspis crouchi, showing scales,
from the Lower Old Eed Sandstone of Worcestershire, 1873.

Last~(J. T.)

Mr. Last has collected zoological specimens in Madagascar for the
Hon. Walter Kothschild. In 1894 he found some fossil bones in the
marsh deposits of the island, and sent them to the British Museum, which
purchased some of them directly from him, others through Mr. E.
Gerrard. Among the remains was the original skull of Megaladapis
madagascariensis, Forsyth Major.

Geology. 305

Lastic (ST. VAL, Vicomte tie)

In 1863, the Vicomte de Lastic made a scientific exploration of the
cavern of Brnniquel on his estate in Tarn-et-Garonne, and obtained a
large collection of remains of reindeer and other mammals associated with
bones and implements of man. In 3864, Owen, having first taken care to
visit the cavern with the Vicomte, purchased his collection for the
British Museum, and subsequently described the human remains and the
jaws of horses (Phil. Trans., 1869). The human bones and remains of
associated animals, with a few implements, are preserved in the Depart-
ment of Geoli >gy ; but the principal objects of human workmanship are
in the Department of British and Mediaeval Antiquities at Bloomsbury.

Laur (Mrs. AGNES)

Collected Polyzoa and other fossils from the Chalk of Riigen, purchased

Layton (JAMES)

The Rev. James Layton was for some years Curate of Catfield,
Norfolk, and made a valuable collection of the larger Mammalia from the
Forest Bed, which was purchased by the Museum in 1858. Some of his
observations were published in the Edinburgh Journal of Science (vol. vi.).

Leach (R. E.)

Presented bivalves from the Norwich Crag, 1888.
Leathes (G. R.)

Presented shells from the Crag of Suffolk and Norfolk, 1824.
Lee (JOHN EDWARD) [1808-1887]

Born at Hull, Lee early made the acquaintance of Prof. John Phillips
— then at York— and was by him led to the study of geology. During
travels, on account of his health, through Scandinavia, Russia, and other
parts of Europe, and later, when settled first at Monmouth and finally at
Villa Syracusa, Torquay, he amassed a very large collection of fossils,
which he presented to the British Museum in 1885. A " Rough
Catalogue " of it, printed for private circulation in 1880, gave the number
of specimens as 21,854, representing over 9750 species. Some of the
specimens were collected by himself, others were bought from dealers,
but to nearly all are attached labels in his own handwriting. The
collection includes many type and figured specimens of plants and
invertebrates. Among them may be specially mentioned the types of
various sponges from the Yorkshire Chalk, described by Lee in 1839
(Mag. Nat. Hist.)- a considerable number of brachiopods, mostly
Devonian, figured in Phillips' " Palasozoic Fossils of Devon and Cornwall "
(1841), and by Davidson (Palasontogr. Soc.); types of Euomphalus
serpens and Goniatites excavatus figured by Phillips (op. cit.) ; Goniatites
multilobatus, Beyr., figured by F. Roemer (Geol. Mag., 1880); the
trilobites lllxnus murchisoni and Homalonotus johannis, figured by
Salter (Palaeontogr. Soc., 1865-67); the unique specimen of Tricoelo-
crinus hei, Whidborne (1889). Lee published a few papers, reference to
which and to other fossils in his collection will be found in his " Notebook
of an Amateur Geologist," 1881.

Leeds (ALFRED NICHOLSON)

For about thirty years Mr. Leeds, of Eyebury, Peterborough, has,
with great skill, collected the remains of reptiles and fishes from the

VOL. I. X

306 Geology.

Oxford Clay near Peterborough. His first collection, made in association
with his brother, Mr. Charles E. Leeds, was purchased from him by the
Museum in four instalments in 1890, 1891, 1892 aud 1893. Several
subsequent small purchases have added important specimens to the series,
notably a nearly complete Plesiosaurian skeleton in 1897, and the tail and
two limbs of a gigantic Dinosaur in 1899. This collection comprises
many type and unique specimens of Dinosauria, Crocodilia, Plesiosauria,
Ichthyosauria, and fishes, described by J. Phillips, J. W. Hulke, H. G.
Seeley, R, Lydekker, C. W. Andrews, and A. S. Woodward.

Leeds (CHARLES E.)

See LEEDS, ALFRED NICHOLSON.

Lees (Sir CHARLES CAMERON)

Presented bones of Dodo from Mauritius, 1892.

Leeson (JOHN BUDD)

Dr. Leeson, with Mr. G. B. Laffan, has investigated the Thames
deposits at Twickenham (see Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1894). He pre-
sented to the British Museum the fossils there found, namely, a unique
frontlet of Saiga tatarica in 1891, remains of Reindeer and Bison in 1894,
and a skull of Bos primigenius with Mollusca in 1896.

Leidy (JOSEPH)

Presented a skull of Oreodon culbertsoni from the White River
Formation of Dakota, 1890.

Leifchild (Mrs.)

Presented miscellaneous British fossils, 1890.

Lepsius (RICHARD)

Plaster cast of restored skeleton of Halitherium scliinzi from Lower
Miocene, Hesse Darmstadt, purchased 1884.

Lessly (ANDREW)

Presented silicified wood from Antigua, 1763.

Lettsom (W. G.)

Presented Tertiary shells from South America, 1860.

Lewis (E. R.)

The late Professor in the Syrian Protestant College, Beyrout, made a
large collection of the various organisms found in the Upper Cretaceous
of the Lebanon. He specially collected the fishes, and described his
work in the Geological Magazine, dec. 2, vol. v. (1878), pp. 214-220.
His collection was acquired by the dealer, R. Damon, of Weymouth, from
whom the Trustees of the British Museum purchased a first selection in
1878, 1883, and 1884. A selection was subsequently purchased by the
Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art. The whole collection of fish-
remains was described by J. W. Davis ( Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc., ser. 2,
vol. iii., 1887). The British Museum possesses the specimens on which
H. Woodward founded the species Squilla lewisi and Limulus syriacus
(Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1879).

Lewis (T. T.)

Mr. Lewis, of Aymestry, assisted Murchison in investigating the
Upper Silurian of the district in which he resided, and made a large

Geology. 307

collection of the local fossils (see Geikie, " Life of Murchison," i., p. 242 ;
1875). Most of these specimens were given to Murchison or sent abroad ;
but a small remnant of the collection, including some Mollusca named
and partly described by J. W. Salter, was purchased by the British
Museum from Mr. T. Bryan Ward, of Aymestry, in 1898.

Lhotzky (JOHN)

In 1837 this gentleman presented 18 specimens of fossil invertebrates
(Brachiopoda, etc.), collected by himself from the Palaeozoic rocks of
Tasmania. " Labels in red ink, attached to several specimens, relate to
my day-book." He also presented some specimens to the Geological
Society.

Lightbody (ROBERT) [ -1874]

Mr. Lightbody resided at Ludlow and collected Lower Palajozoic
fossils. On his death in 1874, he bequeathed his collection in three
parts to the British Museum, the Ludlow Museum, and the Manchester
Museum. The British Museum received the type-specimen of a Cambrian
Trilobite, Erinnys ramulosa, from St. Davids ; an undescribed star-fish
from the Upper Ludlow of Leintwardine ; and about 70 fish-remains from
the Upper Silurian and Lower Old Ked Sandstone, including several
specimens of Pteraspis and Cephalaspis, described by Prof. Ray Lankester
in his " Cephalaspida} " (Pakeontogr. Soc., 1868-70). All the specimens
were well labelled by Lightbody himself.

Lindstrom (GUSTAF)

Collected Silurian Invertebrata from Gotland, purchased 1866.

Liversidge (ARCHIBALD)

Presented Palaeozoic fossils from New South Wales, 1880.

Loftus (W. K.)

Presented Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils from Persia, 1853.

Logan (Sir WILLIAM EDMOND)
Presented Eozoon canadense, 1864.

Lowndes (Miss)

Collected and presented fossils from the Gault of Okeford Fitzpaine,
Dorset, 1896 ; described by Mr. R. B. Newton, Proc. Dorset Nat. Field
Club, vol. xviii., 1897.

Lubbock (Sir JOHN)

See AVEBUEY, BARON.

Lucy (W. C.)

Collected English Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils, presented by[Mr.
Edward Power, 1895.

Luxmoore (E. BOUVERIE)

Explored the caverns of the Vale of Clwyd with Dr. Henry Hicks,
and presented the resulting collection in 1885. Also presented Devonian
Corals and Stromatoporoids from Torquay, 1883 ; Trilobites from the
Penrhyn Slate Quarries, 1888 ; and Nummulites from Mentone, 1889.

x 2

308 Geology.

Lyell (Sir CHARLES)

During his foreign travels, when occupied with geological researches,
Sir Charles Lyell made several small collections. In 1844, accompanied
by Sir J. William Dawson, he collected a series of Carboniferous Inverte-
brata, which were studied by de Verneuil and enumerated, with his
memoranda, in Lyell's " Travels in North America," 1845. This col-
lection was presented to the Museum of Practical Geology, whence it was
transferred to the British Museum in 1880. Fossil Invertebrata from the
Canaries were presented by him to this Museum in 1856 and 1860, from
Madeira in 1857. The type-specimen of Cephalaspis lyelli and bones of
Trogontherium described in Owen's "British Fossil Mammals," were also
among Sir Charles Lyell's donations, which began in 1829.

MacCullough (D. M.)

Collected and presented Pteraspidian fishes from the Lower Old Red
Sandstone of Herefordshire and Monmouthshire, 1883.

MacDonald (ROBERT)

Collected and presented Pleistocene Mammalian remains from the
Porcupine River, Canada, 1873.

MacLeod (Sir NORMAN)

Presented Old Red Sandstone Fishes from Scotland, 1847.

McCormick (ROBERT) [1800-1890]

In his capacity as naval surgeon, McCormick was sent three times to
the West Indies, while in 1827 he went with Parry to the Arctic, and in
1839 with Ross to the Antarctic Regions. In 1852 he again visited the
Arctic Regions, leading a boat expedition up the Wellington Channel. He
bequeathed to the nation 250 fossils, chiefly Brachiopoda, collected by him
in the Arctic Regions, Madeira, Tasmania, the Falkland Isles, and
Kerguelen Island, and occasionally referred to in his book, " Voyages of
Discovery in the Arctic and Antarctic Seas and round the World"
(1854).

McEnery (JOHN) [17 -1841]

For many years Chaplain, at Tor Abbey, McEnery devoted his leisure
to the exploration of the caverns near Torquay. While collecting the
mammalian remains, between 1825 and 1829, he accumulated many notes
and drawings, which he would have published had his appeal for sub-
scriptions been responded to. These remained unpublished until 1859,
when Mr. Edward Vivian edited the MSS. and used the prepared plates
of illustrations in a posthumous work, " Cavern Researches." On the
death of McEnery, his collections and MSS. were dispersed by auction,
and a large series of the specimens from Kent's Cavern was purchased by
the Trustees of the British Museum in 1842. Some of McEnery's
figured specimens are in this collection, others in that of the Geological
Society, and a few in the Torquay Museum. The collection of J. E. Lee
(q.v.) contained 106 " original specimens of McEnery from Kent's Cavern,
bought at Newton."

McMurtrie (JAMES)

Alderman McMurtrie, of Radstock, manager of the Somerset estates of
Lord Carlingford, devoted about thirty years to the collection of fossil
plants from the Somersetshire Coal Measures. His valuable collection
was studied and partly described by Mr. R. Kidston, and the greater part

Geology. 309

of it, comprising 263 specimens, was presented to the Museum by Mr.
McMurtrie in 1894.

MacPherson (WILLIAM)

Collected and presented fossils from the English Chalk, 1899, 1900.

Madeley (WILLIAM)

For many years secretary to the Dudley and Midland Geological
Society, Mr." Madeley, who formerly lived in Dudley, was in a good
position to acquire choice specimens, of which he always carefully noted
the locality and precise horizon. His collection included a metatype of
£otryocrinus pinnulatus, originally in the J. Gray collection, and a co-
type of Thenarocrinus callipyyus. He also purchased a metatype of the
latter species from the Ketley collection. On moving to his present
residence in Stourbridge, Mr. Madeley sold a number of his specimens to
the dealer, R. Damon. In 1894 the Museum received, as an exchange,
80 of those specimens, consisting of Wenlock corals and Polyzoa, while,
in the following year, it purchased the remainder, namely, 33 Cystidea,
including a valuable series of Placocystis, and 55 Crinoidea, including the
figured specimens.

Major (CHARLES IMMANUEL FORSYTH)

In the course of his researches on extinct Mammalia, Dr. Major has
made several important collections, among which may be mentioned those
of Lower Pliocene Mammalia from the Island of Samos and from Olivola
(N. Italy), Miocene Mammalia and Birds from France, small Pleistocene
bones from the caves of Sardinia and Corsica, and remains of Mammalia
and Birds from the surface deposits of Madagascar. One part of the
Samos Collection was purchased from Dr. Major by the British Museum
in two instalments in 1889 and 1890 ; while the other part was purchased
by Mr. Barbey of Geneva. The Olivola Collection was purchased by the
Museum in two instalments in 1895 and 1897. French, Corsican, and
Sardinian fossils were purchased by the Museum in 1893, 1894, and 1900.
Madagascar fossils, including important remains of Aepyornithes, obtained
with the aid of a government grant, were presented to the Museum by
the Council of the Royal Society in 1898. A reconstructed skeleton of
Hippopotamus madagascariensis, from Madagascar, was purchased by
the Museum from Dr. Major in 1900. Many of these specimens have
been described by Dr. Major himself in various British and foreign
publications.

Mansel-Pleydell (JOHN CLAVELL) [1817-1902]

Mansel, who assumed the name Mansel-Pleydell in 1870, was a
landowner in Dorsetshire, who devoted much attention to the geology
and natural history of that county. He collected the local fossils and
presented them as he acquired them, partly to the British Museum,
partly to the Dorset County Museum. His earliest donations to the
British Museum, beginning in 1862, were reptilian remains from the
Kimmeridge Clay, nearly all of importance, and described by J. W.
Hulke and R. Owen. One of his latest donations, received in 1889, was
a tooth of Elephas meridionalis, discovered by himself, with other
remains of the same animal, in a fissure in the Chalk at Dewlish, Dorset
(see 0. Fisher, Quart. Journ. Oeol. Soc., 1888). He also presented in
1897 fish-remains figured by Egerton (1869), and, in 1884, the types of
two Oolitic corals, Dimorplioseris oolitica and Thamnastnea manseli of
Duncan.

310 Geology.

Mantell (GIDEON ALGERNON) [1790-1852]

For several years a medical practitioner at Lewes, Sussex, Mantell
collected fossils from the local chalk-pits. His geological researches also
extended to the sandstones and clays of the Sussex Weald, in which he
was the first discoverer of Dinosauria, Crocodilia, fishes, and plants. He
published "The Fossils of the South Downs" (1822), besides more
popular works, among which " Petrifactions and their Teachings ; or, a
Handbook to the Gallery of Organic Remains in the British Museum " is
of particular interest to a student of the Museum's history. lu 1835 he
removed to Brighton, and his collection, containing more than 20,000
specimens, was there arranged for public exhibition by the Sussex
Scientific Institution as the Mantellian Museum, with G. F. Richardson
as curator, in the hopes that it would form the basis of a County Museum.
Each specimen bore a small yellow oval label numbered in ink to
correspond with a MS. Catalogue prepared by himself. In 1817, he
presented to the British Museum a few specimens to illustrate his
forthcoming first work; and, in 1825, he added a tooth of the newly-
discovered Jguanodon. In 1839, disappointed that the municipality of
Brighton would not acquire his collection, he sold the whole of it to the
British Museum at a considerable loss. It was especially valuable as
containing not only the Wealden Reptilia, the Maidstone Greensand
Iguanodon, and other fossils described in detail by Mantell himself, but
also Chalk and Wealden Fishes described by Agassiz in his " Recherches
sur les Poissons Fossiles " ; it also included various specimens bought at
the sale of James Parkinson's collection (q.v.), but not all of these can
now be identified. In later years, when settled in Chester Square,
Pimlico, Dr. Mantell continued to collect Dinosaurian remains from the
Weald, and other fossils. After his death a selection from this second
collection, comj
was purchased by the British Museum in 1853.

Mantell (The Hon. WALTER BALDOCK DURRANT) [1820-1895]
The eldest son of Dr. G. A. Mantell left England about 1840 for New
Zealand, where he ultimately held important public positions. He was
one of the earliest and most systematic collectors of bird-bones from the
superficial deposits of that country. He also discovered the nearly-
extinct Notomis mantelU, of which his original specimens are in the
Department of Zoology. A few bones of Dinornithidfe sent by him to
Dr. G. A. Mantell, and described by the latter (Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc., 1848), were purchased by the Museum in 1848. A large collection,
obtained by Mantell chiefly from the old cooking-places of the Maories,
was purchased in 1856.

Marsh (OTHXIEL CHARLES)

Presented casts of several remarkable American fossil Yertebrata
described in his works, including Eosaurus acadiamts (1862), Cretaceous
toothed Birds (1881), Khamphorhynchus pJiyUurus (1883), Dinocerata
(1885), a skeleton of Dinoceras mirabile (1888), and a skull and mandible
of Srontops robustus (1889). He also presented a specimen of the
Trilobite, Triarthrus becki, with appendages, in 1894, and Brachiospongia
from the Ordovician of Kentucky, in 1895.

Marsham-Townsend (Hon. ROBERT)

Presented a valuable collection of British fossils and some Cretaceous
Fishes from Brazil, 1877.

Geology. 311

Martin (HANDEL T.)

Collected fossils from the Chalk of Kansas, including Uintacrinus and
the wing-bones of Pteranodon, purchased in 1895 and 1900.

Martin (WILLIAM) [1767-1810]

The son of a hosier of Marefield, Nottinghamshire, Martin spent his
•childhood on the provincial stage. But in his twelfth year, taking
drawing-lessons from James Bolton of Halifax, he also imbibed from him
a taste for natural history. He earned his living as a drawing-master, first
•at Burton-on-Trent, then at Buxton, and at Macclesfield from 1805 to his
death. He collected fossils in the neighbourhood and wrote various
papers on them. His best-known work is "Petrificata Derbiensia"
<1809). Many of the specimens figured in this book were handed by
his widow to James Sowerby, who refigured them in his "Mineral
Concbology," and thus they came with the Sowerby Collection to the
British Museum. It is not known where the other originals of
•" Petrificata Derbiensia " now are ; but in 1833 some were in the small
but good collection of Martin's coadjutor, White Watson, F.L.S., of
Bakewell (see Mag. Nat. Hist, vi., p. 130). The Department possesses
& representation of the " Strata in Beverley Liberty, Yorkshire," inlaid in
local rocks, " By W. Watson."

Martin (W. J.)

Presented the type-specimen of Lepidotus fittoni from the Wealden of
Sussex, 1846.

Martinetti (A.)

Collected Pliocene Mollusca from Monte Mario, Home, purchased 1894.

Masing (KABL)

Presented tooth of Elasmotlierium from Russia, 1893.

Mathieu (M.)

Collected Miocene shells and corals from Touraine, purchased 1847.

Matthew (G. F.)

Presented Eocystis primxvus from Lower Cambrian, New Brunswick,
1900.

Maunsell (Fen. Archdeacon)

Presented a skeleton of the Irish Deer, 1843.

Maw (GEORGE)

Presented a skull of Loxomma allmanni from the Coal Measures of
Coalbrookdale, 1884, and some Silurian Brachiopoda, 1885.

Mawson (JOSEPH)

While occupied with the construction of railways in Bahia, Brazil, Mr.
Mawson has made a valuable collection of Cretaceous Reptilia, Pisces, and
Mollusca from that region. It has been presented by him to the Museum
in several small instalments from 1881 onwards, and comprises the
type-specimens of Lepidotus mawsoni, Megalurm mawsoni, and Acrodus
nitidus, besides the first evidence of Pterosauria from Brazil, described
by Dr. A. S. Woodward (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1898-1902). There
are also remains of Pleistocene Mastod<m and Megatherium in the
collection.

312 Geology.

Metcalfe (ARTHUR T.)

Presented an upper jaw of young Elephas from Oeswell Caves, 1885.

Metropolitan Board of Works

Presented Mammalian bones from excavations for the Thames
Embankment, Westminster, 1875.

Meyer (C. J. A.)

Presented Pleistocene non- marine Mollusca from Blackfriars Road,
1890 ; Cretaceous Polyzoa, 1897.

Meyrat (EMILE)

Prepared fossil fishes from the Oligocene slates of Canton Glarus,
Switzerland, purchased 1869.

Michalet (ALPHONSE)

Though engaged in business as a flower-merchant, both in Leipzig and
at his residence near Reyuier-Six-Fours (Var), Mr. Michalet has found1
time to make geological excursions in Algeria and to publish studies on
the Bathonian and Cenomanian rocks near Toulon and their Echinoida
(Bull. Soc. Oeol. France, 1895, 1901). The former of these papers led
to a correspondence with Mr. Michalet and to the purchase of some
specimens from him in 1896 ; a larger purchase was made through the
dealer, R. Damon, in 1897. These may be summarised as follows: — •
1195 Molluscs, 3289 Brachiopods, and 246 Corals, from the Senonian,
Turonian, and Neocomian rocks of Provence, and from the Bathonian,
Lias, and Muschelkalk of Var, also 435 Echinoderms and 4 Foraminifers
from the Tertiary, Cretaceous, and Jurassic rocks of Algeria. All the
specimens were provided with loose white paper labels in Mr. Michalet's-
handwriting.

Millar (JOHN)

Presented microscope-slides of fossil Invertebrata, 1888.

Milligan (JOSEPH)

Presented Palaeozoic fossils from Tasmania, 1863.

Milne (JOHN)

Collected and presented Tertiary fossils from Sinai and Egypt, 1874";
discovered bones of Great Auk in Funk Island, off Newfoundland,,
purchased 1875 ; presented Mesozoic fossils and Post- Pliocene Mollusca
from Japan, 1882, 1888.

Mitchell (HUGH) [1822-1894]

Living at Craig, near Montrose, Mitchell made a collection of about
220 fossils from the Lower Old Eed Sandstone of Forfarshire, including
some important fishes, among which were the type-specimens of Cl^mat^^^s•
scutiger, Egerton, Euthacanthus grandis, Powrie, and Ischn acanthus
qracilis, Egerton. This collection was purchased by the Museum from.
Dr. Mitchell in 1893.

Mitchell (Sir THOMAS)

Presented fossil Mollusca and silicified wood from northern Australia,
1848.

Collected Middle Eocene plant-remains from Alum Bay, Isle of
1 <

Geology. 313

Mitchell (W. S.)

Discovered skeleton of Aptornis defossor at Castle Rock, S. Island,
New Zealand, purchased from Mr. A. Hamilton, 1893.

Mitchell (W. STEPHEN)

Collected Middle Eocen
Wight, presented by the Council of the British Association, 1867.

Mitchinson (Bight Bev. JOHN, Bishop)

Collected and presented Pleistocene Mollusca from Barbados, 1892.

Mohr (PAUL)

Collected numerous fossil.-!, chiefly from Germany and France, purchased
1848.

Mojsisovics (EDMUND VON)

The former Vice- Director of the Imperial Geological Survey of Austria,
who is well known as a writer on Triassic Cephalopoda, obtained for the
British Museum a collection of 1300 Mollusca, chiefly Cephalopoda, from
the Upper Trias of Hallstatt. It was purchased in two instalments in
1889 and 1890.

Monk (HENBY)

Mr. Monk, of Yeovil, collected fossils from the Inferior Oolite in the
neighbourhood of that town. A selection of 580 Jnvertebrata from his
collection was purchased in 1692, a second collection being purchased in
1897.

Montefiore (T. L.)

Plesiosaurian skull from Lower Lias, Lyme Regis, purchased 1878.

Moore (CHARLES)

Presented Upper Liassic Brachiopoda from Ilminster, 1849.

Moreno (FRANCISCO P.)

Presented plaster cast of hind limb of Brontornis from Lake Argen-
tine, Patagonia, 1892.

Morris (JOHN)

Collected miscellaneous English fossil Invertebrata, purchased 1863.
Presented Eocene Ostracoda, 1884.

Morton (GEORGE HIGHFIELD) [1826-1900]

Morton was occupied for forty years with geological researches near
Liverpool, where he lived, and in North Wales. He published a volume
entitled " The Geology of the Country around Liverpool," in ] 863, a
newer edition of the same in 1891, and an Appendix in 1897. Besides
mapping the Liverpool district, his most important work was the detailed
examination of the Carboniferous Limestone of 'North Wales, described in
a series of papers published by the Liverpool Geological Society and in
one read before the Geological Society of London (Quart. Journ,, 1898).
His collection illustrated his researches, and also comprised many valuable-
Palaeozoic fossils older than the Carboniferous, besides a jaw of Phasco-
lotherium from the Stonesfield Slate. It was well catalogued and labelled:
by himself, and the greater part of it (a selection of 4000 specimens) was
purchased by the British Museum from his executor in 1900.

314 Geology.

Murchison (Sir RODERICK IMPEY) [1792-1871]

During his explorations on the continent of Europe, and among the
lower Palaeozoic rocks of these islands, the founder of the Silurian System
made very large collections. Many of his specimens went to the Museum
of the Geological Survey, of which he was long director ; others, and
•especially most of those figured in the " Silurian System," to the Museum
of the Geological Society. Many, however, were presented by him to the
British Museum at intervals from 1842 onwards. Of these the most
important was the figured counterpart half of the skeleton of the so-called
fossil fox, bought by Murchison from a physician at Oeningen in 1828,
•developed by G. A. Mantell, described by E. Owen as Oalecynus, and
presented in 1852, the less important half going to the Geological Society.
In 1854 Murchison presented over 800 British Silurian fossils, with others
from the Silurian of Russia, the Tertiary of Poland, and the Cretaceous
of the Austrian Alps. In 1872, his nephew and heir, Mr. Kenneth
Murchison, presented a large series of fossils from various European
formations, selected from the museum of Sir Eoderick. On their receipt
these were furnished with slips of blue paper on each of which is written
•" Murchison Colin."

Murray (Sir JOHN)

Presented Miocene Mollusca and other fossils from Malta, 1890.
Transmitted the Challenger collection of deep-sea deposits, 1895.

Murray (PETER)

Collected Yorkshire Lower Jurassic plant-remains, purchased 1839.

Museum of Practical Geology

The collections of foreign fossils were transferred from this Museum
to the British Museum in 1880. They included specimens collected or
•contributed by Risk Allah Effendi, W. G. Atherstone, R. A. Godwin-
Austen, A. G. Bain, H. Bauerman, Sir H. T. de la Beche, Sir Edward
Belcher, J. J. Bigsby, Bonehard, Bosquet, W. Buckland, J. Clark, Lieut.
Cockburn, J. Crawford, Sir J. William Dawson, Earl of Enniskillen,
E. Forbes, P. de la Harpe, R. Haul, Sir James Hector, 0. Heer,
J. D. Hooker, Evan Hopkins, W. Hottelart, E. Hubbert, Hudson's Bay
€ompany, Capt. Ibbetson, Capt. Inglefield, ,1. B. Jukes, T. Kjerulf, Koch,
L. G. de Koninck, A. Krantz, Linton, Sir William E. Logan, W. Lonsdale,
Sir Charles Lyell, McChesney, G. A. Mantell, H. Milne-Edwards, John
Morris, Lieut.-Col. Munro, Sir Roderick I. Murchison, Hon. Miss Murray,
Capt. Nelson, Osborne, A. Phillips, Poole, S. P. Pratt, Sir Joseph Prest-
wich, T. Reeks, Ramain, E. Renevier, James Russell, J. G. Rutland,
L. Saemann, F. Sandberger, Lieut. Sankey, Sir Robert Schomburgk,
Sir H. Seymour, Sir Warington W. Smyth, Admiral Sir Thomas B. Spratt,
Stokes, Capt. Strachey, Sutherland, D. Thompson, G. P. Wall, and the
Ross Antarctic Expedition.

Natal, Government of

Presented Cretaceous Mollusca from Natal, 1894.

Newberry (JOHN STRONG)

Presented fins of Cladoselache from Upper Devonian of Ohio, 1888.
Nicholson (HENRY ALLEYNE) [1844-1899]

Among other researches the late Professor of Natural History at
Aberdeen University devoted much attention to the Stromatoporoids, of

Geology. 315

•which he formed a large collection, the basis of his "Monograph of the
British Stromatoporoids " (Palajontogr. Soc., 1885, 1888, 1890, 1892).
It was purchased by the Museum through Mr. F. H. Butler in 1895.

Nicholson (J. G.)

Presented Jurassic Ammonites from Somaliland, 1891.
Nicol (WILLIAM) [1768-1851]

The inventor of the Nicol prism was also the first to devise a method
of making thin slices of fossils, rocks, and minerals for microscopic exam-
ination. 313 slides of fossil wood made by him were purchased from
J. Bryson in 1867.

Noble (JAMES)

Discovered type-specimen of Holoptychius nobilissimus from Upper
OH Pied Sandstone of Perthshire, purchased 1840.
Norris (W.)

Presented bivalve shells from Coal Measures of Newcastle, 1828.

Northampton (Marquess of)

Presented Tertiary shells from Italy, 1831.
Ogle (JOSEPH B.)

Mr. Ogle made an important collection of Middle Eocene fossils from
Bracklesham Bay. About 1200 specimens, chiefly Mollusca, were selected
from his collection and purchased from Mr. Ogle in 1891.

Owen (Sir RICHARD)

Many specimens given personally to Sir Richard Owen were presented
by him to the Museum. They included the JOHN BROWN Collection
(q.v.), specimens of Archegosaurus decheni from Rhenish Prussia (1861),
gizzard stones and tracheal rings of Dinornithidae from New Zealand
(1870), the skull of Prorastomus sirenoides from Jamaica (1874), the
natural cast of a Sirenian brain from the Eocene of Egypt (1875), and the
type-tooth of Macacus pliocenus with other Mammalian remains (1884).

Owles (J. J.)

Mr. Owles, resident at Great Yarmouth, obtained from the local
fishermen a valuable collection of Pleistocene Mammalian bones, dredged
off the eastern coast and the Dogger Bank. The collection comprised
about 300 specimens and was described by William Da vies (Qeol. Mag.
1878). It was purchased by the Museum from Mr. Owles in 1874.

Palin (F. D.)

Collected miscellaneous British fossil Invertebrata, purchased 1900.

Parish (JOHN)

Presented Mammalian remains from the Pampa of Buenos Ayres, 1865.

Parker (WILLIAM KITCHEN) [1823-1890]

While occupied with his early researches on the Foraminifera, Prof.
Parker made a small collection of these organisms, recent and fossil.
In 1892, 2000 slides mounted by him were purchased from his executor.

Parkinson (JAMES) [ -1824]

Parkinson was in practice as a surgeon in Hoxton from 1785, or
earlier, to his death. He wrote numerous medical and ]x>litical books, but

316 Geology.

is best known as author of "Organic Remains of a Former World "
(1804-11), in the compilation of which he examined "the numerous
valuable specimens " in the British Museum. The figures, however, were
chiefly drawn from specimens in his own " tolerably large and systematic
cabinet, obtained from the museums of Mr. Strange, Lord Donegal,
M. Calonne, and of several other collectors " (" Org. Rem.," I., p. vi.).
Among names elsewhere mentioned is that of Sir Ashton Lever. Mantell
calls it a " matchless collection " (London Geol. Journ., p. 14). Unfor-
tunately it was dispersed by auction in April, 1827, at very low prices.
" A great number of the zoophytes," says Mantell (loc. cit.\ " were
purchased by an American gentleman for a few pounds, sent to the
United States, and were consumed by fire, with the museum in which
they were contained." Mantell himself bought a bear's skull from
Gailenreuth, and other specimens, which came ultimately to the
British Museum. Others came in like manner through the EnniskilleR
collection. In the Sowerby collection, specimens marked with a "P"
were bought at the Parkinson sale. The original of Vol. III., pi. xvi.,
f. 19, Coronulites diadema, bought by Rev. Thos. Image, of Whepstead,
Bury St. Edmunds, was eventually obtained for the nation from Mr. W.
Nelson Last, of Bury St. Edmunds. Among other museums to which
Parkinson's specimens found their way, are those of Cambridge ("Life of
Sedgwick," p. 280), of Oxford, and of Haslemere (Museums Journ., ii.,
117). To the Geological Society be presented various specimens in 1813
and 1814, but his name does not appear in the old records of donations to
the British Museum.

Peach (CHARLES WILLIAM) [1800-1886]

Peach was in the coastguard service, and began his geological studies
on the south coast of Cornwall. He was one of the earliest discoverers of
fossils, including fish-remains, in the Devonian rocks of that county, and
his first collection is now in the Penzance Museum. He removed to>
Wick, Caithness, in 1853, and again began to discover fossils, notably
fishes, in the Old Red Flagstones of the cliffs near Wick, and invertebrates
in the Silurian limestones of Durness, Sutherland. His Scottish col-
lection, purchased by the British Museum in 1870, comprised 41 Silurian
fossils from Durness, 130 Old Red Sandstone fishes and crustacean
remains, 185 Jurassic fossils from Brora, and some Old Red Sandstone and
Carboniferous plants. Many of the fishes bear small descriptive labels or
notes in Peach's own handwriting.

Pearson (J. N.)

Presented Ordovician fossils from Ohio, 1851.

Pengelly (WILLIAM) [1812-1894]

Pengelly resided at Torquay and superintended the excavations in
Brixham Cave and Kent's Cavern, which were respectively undertaken
by the Royal and Geological Societies in 1858-59, and by the British
Association in 1864-79. He also explored the Happaway Cave in 1862-63.
Besides these researches, geological work and the collection of fossils in
the Devonian, Carboniferous, Cretaceous, and Tertiary rocks of Devon-
shire and part of Cornwall, also occupied him for many years. The
collection of remains from Brixham Cave, described by Prof. George Busk
(Phil. Trans., 1873), was presented to the British Museum in 1876. The
first selection of the Kent's Cavern collection, described in the British
Association Reports, was presented to the Museum by the Council of the
British Association and Lord Haldon in 1883, while the second selection

Geology. 317

was presented to the Torquay Museum. Most of Pengelly's Devonian
fossils were purchased by the Baroness Burdett-Coutts for the Oxford
Museum. From what remained of his collection at his death, a first
selection comprising Pleistocene Mammalia from the Happaway Cave,
various Devonian, Carboniferous, and Greensand fossils, was presented to
the British Museum by Mrs. Pengelly in 1896 ; while a second selection
was presented to the Museum of Practical Geology.

Pentland (JOSEPH BARCLAY) [1797-1873]

Pentland studied in Paris under Cuvier, and became interested in
fossil Vertebrata. He collected a fine series of Upper Pliocene mammalian
remains from the Val d' Arno, Italy, and presented it to the Museum
in 1853. Hippopotamus pentlandi was named after him.

Penton (R. H.)

Presented dentition of MyUolatis pentoni from Eocene near Cairo,
1893.

Pepper (Miss)

Presented Mammalian remains from Perim Island, 1841.
Perceval (SPENCER GEORGE)

Presented Mammalian remains from Pen Park Cave, Westbury-on-
Trym, 1884; pieces of Rhajtic Bone-bed from Aust, 1889; and Inverte-
brata from the Lower Lias of Somersetshire, 1896. Arranged the
purchase of the Westmoreland Collection of Eed Chalk fossils, 1900.

Petzholdt (ALEXANDER)

Presented Calamites from the Coal Measures of Saxony, 1859.

Pfeiffer (Mrs.)

Presented Tertiary Echinoids from Java, 1855.

Phillips (Mrs. E. LORT)

Collected and presented fossils from Somaliland, 1896.

Pickering (J.)

Collected Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca from Grays and the Kennet
Valley, presented by the Council of the Geologists' Association, 1892.

Piper (GEORGE HARRY) [1819-1897]

While resident at Ledbury for nearly fifty years Piper devoted much
attention to the geology of the district. When the Hereford and Worcester
railway was constructed, he studied the Ledbury station section of the
Upper Silurian and Passage Beds, and made a large collection of the
fossils obtained. Among these were unique specimens of Cephalaspidian
fishes, especially Ccphalaspis murchisoni, Auchenaspis egertoni, and
Didymaspis grindrodi, presented by Mr. Piper to the British Museum
m 1887 and 1889, and described in the British Museum " Catalogue of
Fossil Fishes," Part II. The remainder of his collection, comprising 150
fish-remains and about 1650 Upper Silurian Invertebrata, was purchased
from his executor in 1898.

Plant (JOHN) [1820-1894]

Major Plant, curator of the Salford Museum, collected fish-remains
and other fossils from the Coal Measures of Collyhurst, Manchester. His
collection of about 450 specimens, including the type-specimen of

318 Geology.

Rhadinichthys planti, and four fragments of Platysomidaj described by
Dr. Traquair, was purchased from him by the British Museum in 1892.
All the specimens bear a printed locality-label.

Pohlig (HANS)

Among other important researches, Prof. Pohlig, of Bonn, has collected
mammalian remains from the Lower Pliocene of Maragha, Persia, and
from the caverns of Sicily. The former collection was noticed by him in
the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society (1886), and part of it
was purchased by the British Museum through the dealer, K. Damon in
1888. The second collection comprised pigmy elephants, of which some
typical remains were purchased by the Museum through Dr. F. Krantz
in 1897.

Pomel (AUGUSTS) [1821-1898]

A native of Auvergne, Pomel while yet a boy was drawn by
A. Bravard (<?.v.) to the study of the Tertiary rocks of central France
and their fossils, especially the mammals. He contrived opportunity to
continue his scientific work while undergoing his seven years of enforced
military service, and the French Geological Society and Academy of
Sciences published valuable communications from Sergeant Pomel.
Deprived at last of the hospitality of the barracks, he resumed work with
Bravard in the deposits of Perrier, Debruge, and Ct^uron, and made notes
for a proposed illustrated catalogue. In 1851, Pomel was sent to the
Great Exhibition in London, and used the opportunity for study at the
British Museum, where the services he was able to render were so much
appreciated that, it is said, he was offered a post. He sold his collection
of fossil vertebrates to the Trustees but declined the appointment,
preferring to live in his own country. He had not reckoned on the coup
d'etat of December. While extricating vertebrate bones at St. Gerand-
le-Puy, he was pursued by gendarmes for a too zealous republican.
Bravard was transported to Cayenne, but Pomel hid until his sentence
was commuted to banishment to Algeria. Here he at once produced his.
"Catalogue Methodique et Descriptif des Vertebres Fossiles decouverts
dans le Bassin de la Loire " (1853), in which many of the British Museum
specimens are mentioned, and then quitted the study of his Auvergne
fossils for ever. But he could not give up his science; his energy
remained, and he became eventually Director of the Geological Survey of
Algeria.

Ponsort (Baron)

Collected fishes from the Upper Cretaceous of Mont Aime, Marne,
purchased 1851.

Porter (JAMES)

Presented remains of Aepyornis from Madagascar, 1882.

Post (G. E.)

Presented Pliocene Mollusca from Latakia, Syria, 1885, 1886.

Postans (T.)

Presented fossil Mollusca from Cutch, 1843.

Potter (GEOKGE)

Presented Invertebrata from English Chalk, 1899.

Geology. 319

Power (EDWARD)

Presented the W. C. Lucy Collection of English fossils, 1895.

Powrie (JAMES)

Presented fossil Fishes and a nearly complete body of Pterygotus
anglicus from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Forfarshire, 1861, 1865,
His large collection from the same formation and locality was purchased
later by the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art.

Pratt (SAMUEL PEACE) [1789-1863]

An enthusiastic student of many sciences, Pratt finally turned to
geology in 1812, and during the rest of his long life collected many
valuable specimens, with which he was most generous. In 1823 he went
to Bath, where he resided for sixteen years, and this renders it probable
that he was the donor, on March 8th, 1828, of " An undescribed crinoidal
animal imbedded in Limestone from Bath," although J. E. Gray, who-
described it as Apiocrinites prattii (Phil. Mag., 1828), referred to him.
as Mr. J. S. Pratt. At any rate, two years later, S. P. Pratt was a donor
to the Natural History Departments of the Museum. His first work was
on the freshwater formation at Binsted, Isle of Wight, where he discovered
Anoplotherium and Paleeotherium (Trans. Geol. Soc,, 1831). After this
he travelled much on the continent, studying and writing on bone-caves-
near Palermo (1833), on the geology of Normandy (1837), of Bayonne
(1843), of the Astuiias (1845), and of Catalonia (1852). Pratt made
numerous donations to the Geological Department, e.g., in 1846, some
remarkable Tertiary fossils including the gregarious cyprinodont fish
Lebias cephalotes from Aix in Provence; in 1850 and 1851, various
fossils from the Mesozoic formations of southern England and a series of
Rudistas and allied forms from the Chalk near Toulon ; in 1854, a further
series of those curious molluscs, some of which were figured by S. P.
Woodward (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1855) ; in 1852 nummulites, crinoids,
and other invertebrates, from the Eocene of Biarritz, Nice, Barcelona, etc.,
among which the type of Pentacrinus pratti, Austin, is noteworthy;
in 1853, brachiopods and other invertebrates from Asturias, the latter
yielding specimens subsequently figured by Etheridge and Carpenter
(" Catalogue of Blastoidea," 1886). Finally, in 1857, Pratt presented about
1000 selected specimens of invertebrates, chiefly from British Mesozoic
rocks. Many of his specimens were placed in the Museum of the
Geological Society, others in the Museum of Practical Geology, the
foreign specimens among the latter being transferred to the British
Museum in 1880.

Prestwich (Sir JOSEPH) [1812-1896]

During his long series of researches, Prestwich accumulated a large
collection illustrating his work, and this was acquired by the British
Museum in three instalments. The first, comprising 1755 specimens-
chiefly of British Eocene invertebrates and plants, was presented by the
Professor in 1885. The second portion contained 1314 Carboniferous and
Silurian fossils from Coalbrookdale, referred to in his memoir on the
district (Trans. Geol. Soc., 1840), also a few Vertebrata from the Crag,
and some Pleistocene mammalian bones from Bedford ; it was purchased
in 1894, and was accompanied by a MS. catalogue by Prof. T. Rupert
Jones. The third more miscellaneous portion, including some Palaeolithic
Implements and the Eolithic Implements from Kent described in " Some
Controverted Questions of Geology," was presented by Lady Prestwich in

320 Geology.

1896 ; with it was a MS. catalogue compiled by Prof. T. Rupert Jones.
Few of the fossils bear any distinctive labels.

Keeve (W.)

Presented bones of Dinornis casuarinus from Glenmark Swamp, New
Zealand, 1870.

Keid (CLEMENT)

Presented Pleistocene Mollusca from N. Italy and S. France, 1891.

Eeid (JAMES)

Presented Palieospnndylus and other Fishes from the Old Eed Sand-
stone of Caithness, 1896.

Rich (WILLIAM)

This dealer, who had a shop opposite the British Museum, also kept
a small establishment at Bristol, in which he was helped by his sister,
Miss A. Rich, a very active and careful collector. She was one of the
earliest to collect from the Lower Carboniferous Limestone series at
Clevedon Bay, and the Austins acknowledge the help obtained from her
in their "Monograph on Crinoidea" (see esp. pp. 71, 92). In 1867 the
Trustees purchased from Rich 13 palatal teeth, 2 trilobites, and 287
remains of crinoids, collected as above, and including specimens of
Poteriocrinus plicatus (PI. ix., 4 A-c) and P. pentagonus (PL xi., f. 2o)
figured by the Austins. The originals of PI. ix. ff. 1 and 2A are not now
to be found and probably never reached the Museum.

Richards (UPTON)

Presented Mammalian remains from Kent's Cavern, 1845.

Richardson (Sir JOHN)

Presented Arctic Palseozoic Brachiopoda, 1848, and Tertiary leaves
from the Mackenzie River, Canada, 1861.

Richmond (Duke of}

Presented Old Red Sandstone Fishes from Tynet Burn, 1859.

Rickard (T. A.)

Presented a Fish, Priscacara, from the Eocene of Wyoming, 1889.

Ripley

A collector and dealer in the fossils of the Whitby Lias, from whom
were purchased a skull of Steneosaurus and a skeleton of Pelagosaurus,
1841, 1842.

Robertson (DAVID)

Presented Post-Tertiary fossils from the Clyde, 1883, 1884.

Rofe (JOHN) [1801-1878]

That Rofe was early a keen geologist is shown by the " Observations
on the Geological Structure of the Neighbourhood of Reading," contributed
by him to the Geological Society in 1834 (Trans. G. S., 1837). Later
on, while resident for twenty-five years at Preston as engineer to the
gas-works, he made a fine collection of fossils, mainly Crinoids and
Blastoids, from the Carboniferous Limestone of the neighbourhood, and,
on his retirement, devoted himself to the study of their internal anatomy,
on which he published valuable papers in the Geological Magazine.

Geology. 321

In 1862, he presented a few invertebrates from Thornley Quarry, Chipping,
including two figured specimens of Orthoceras. In 1864, he presented
the type of Amphoracrinus brevicalix (Geol. Mag., Jan., 1865), and in
1865, 50 specimens of Crinoids and Blastoids in illustration of his paper
published the same year. Crinoids figured and described in 1869 and 1873,
together with other Carboniferous fossils, over 1500 in all, were presented
by him two months before his death, after which the rest of his collection
of Palaeozoic fossils was presented by his executors. Many of the
Crinoids bear the marks of his study in the form of plates picked out
with paint ; but there are no individual labels.

Eowe (ARTHUR WALTON)

Presented Invertebrata from English Chalk, 1899.

Rowley (ROBERT R.)

Professor of Geology at Louisiana, Mo., Mr. Rowley has published
papers on Blastoidea in the Kansas City Scientist (1891), and in the
American Geologist (1893-1902). In 1894 the Museum purchased from
him 16 Blastoids from Louisiana, ranking in some cases as metatypes.

Royal Society of London

Presented its collection of "natural and artificial curiosities," 1781.
Among these were the original specimen of Steneosaurus cJiapmani from
the Whitby Lias, originally described by Chapman in Phil. Trans., 1758 ;
a Plesiosaur from the Lias of Elston, Newark, described by Stukeley
in Phil. Trans., 1719 ; and a tooth ot Mastodon, described in Grew's
" Catalogue of Rarities in Greshatn College," 1681.

Rufford (PHILIP JAMES) [1852-1902]

On coming to reside at Hastings, Rufford devoted himself to collecting
fossils from the Wealden strata of the neighbourhood, especially at
Ecclesbourne and Fairlight. Here he obtained a fine collection of
Wealden plants, some of which were presented by him to the British
Museum in 1885, while others were purchased at nominal valuations in
1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, and 1898. These were described in
Mr. A. C. Seward's " Catalogue of Wealden Plants," published by the
Trustees in 1893, 1894, and 1895. Attached to many of the specimens
were labels pointing out features of interest, and these greatly assisted
the describer. Some of the above-mentioned purchases included various
Wealden fossils, both vertebrate and invertebrate, among which should
be mentioned the vertebra of Morosaurus brevis figured by Mr. Lydekker
(Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1893), and a head of Lepidotus mantelli,
figured in the "Catal. Foss. Fishes B. M.," Part iii. Other specimens
were presented by Rufford to the Brassey Institute, Hastings.

Rutland (Duke of)

Presented type-specimen of Plesiosaur us rugosus from the Lower Lias
of Gran by, 1840; a specimen of Stigmaria ficoides from Coal Measures
near Nottingham, 1847.

Saemann (Louis) [1821-1866]

Having for about ten years served in the well-known establishment
of Dr. Krantz at Bonn, Saemann in 1850 set up for himself as a dealer
in Paris. He published important papers on stratigraphical palaeontology,
especially of Mesozoic rocks. Among the numerous important collections
bought from Saemann between 1853 and 1870, mostly from the Mesozoic

VOL. I. Y

322 Geology.

rocks of France, and including the Astier collection (y.v.), was a series
of 160 Lower Carboniferous Crinoids and Blastoids from Burlington, Iowa,
containing 70 species determined by James Hall of Albany, purchased
in 1862.

St. Petersburg, Imperial Academy of Sciences
Piece of skin of Mammoth from Siberia, by exchange 1892.

Salis (J. F. W. DE)

Presented skulls of Bos longifrons from Lough Gur, Limerick, 1865.
Salmond (WILLIAM)

Presented Mammalian remains from Kirkdale Cave, 1823, 1837.

Salter (JOHN WILLIAM)

Presented Arenig fossils from Pembrokeshire, 1866.

San Paulo Museum

Fishes from Tertiary Lignite at Taubate, San Paulo, Brazil, by
exchange 1898.

Saull (WILLIAM DEVONSHIRE)

A merchant in the City of London, Saull accumulated at 15, Aldersgate
Street a remarkable collection of fossils and antiquities, spoken of by
Mantell as "his interesting museum, to which visitors are, with great
liberality, admitted every Thursday at twelve" ("Geol. I. of W.,"
Ed. iii., p. 232; 1854). The owner himself personally conducted the
visitors, and such was his zeal for popular education that he left the
collection with all his money to a body of trustees so that it might be
kept for the public. Th.- trustees founded the Metropolitan Institution
in Cleveland Street, Fitzroy Square, and transferred the collection thither,
packed up in wine-hampers. In those hampers it remained, while the
money was devoted to carrying on a school, which gradually became
little more than a pla< e of evening amusement for the young men and
women employed at large shops in the neighbourhood. The collection
proving a difficulty, the trustees decided to sell it, and were engaged in
so doing in 1863, when Mr. John Calvert took the remaining seven
van-loads off their hands. The British Museum had already selected —
and paid for — such specim- ns as could be seen to be still of value in the
lamentable state to which the collection had been reduced. Among the
200 fossils thus acquired were the sacrum of the Iguanodon and other
specimens figured in Owen's "British Fossil Eeptiles" (Palasontogr. Soc.),
also a krge number ot Invertebrata named and labelled by James
So\verby, and supposed to include some of the type-specimens of his
" Mineral Conchology " ; their identification, however, is doubtful.

Savin (ALFRED C.)

Mr. Savin, a resident of Cromer, made a large collection of vertebrate
remains, chiefly mammalian, from the Forest Bed Series of the Norfolk
Coast. The bones bear numbers in white paint, corresponding with the
exact records of their discovery entered in Mr. Savin's MS. Catalogue.
The collection is described l>y Mr. E. T. Newton in "Vertebrata of the
Forest Bed Series" (1882) and "Vertebrata of the Pliocene Deposits of
Britain" (1891), published by the Geological Survey. It also afforded
material for description by Pio;s. Leith Adams and Ray Lankester. The
whole series of 1898 fossils was purchased by the Trustees in 1897.

Geology. 323

Saxby (STEPHEN M.)

W. H. Fitton says that " Mr. Saxby, of Mountfield near Bonchurch
(Isle of Wight) . . ., a zealous and judicious collector," lent him various
specimens (Quart. Journ. GeoL Soc., iii. Proc. p. 326*). One of these
formed the type of Nautilus saxbii, Morris, 1848. A series of fossil
Mollusca from the Isle of Wisht was purchased of Saxby in 1865, and
included that type-specimen (47,019). Further references to his collec-
tions from the neighbourhood of B >nchurch are made by Mantell (" GeoL
Isle of Wight," 1854), who gives his address as Bellevue House, Ventnor.

Schomburgk (Sir ROBERT HERMANN) [1804-1865]

In 1830 Schomburgk went to the West Indies and spent ten years in
important geographical researches. In 1841 he was a member of the
Boundary Commission for British Guiana. During these expeditions he
collected many Tertiary fossils, which he presented to the Museum in
1852. Other specimens collected by him were received from the Museum
of Practical Geology in 1880.

Scott (ROBERT HENRY)

Presented Tertiary leaves collected by Edward Whymper in Green-
land, 1869.

Scott (WILLIAM BERRYMAN)

Arranged purchase of Mammalian remains from the White Eiver
Formation, Dakota, 1896.

Seeley (HARRY GOVIER)

With the aid of a Government Grant, Prof. Seeley visited Cape Colony
in 1889 to collect fossil Eeptilia from the Karoo Formation. He obtained
numerous important specimens, including skeletons of Pariasaurus
baini, P. bombidens, Cynognathus crateronotus, and remains of other
genera and species, described by himself (Phil. Trans., Quart. Journ.
GeoL Soc., and Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.). These fossils were received
as a donation through the Council of the Eoyal Society at various dates
from 1892 onwards.

Sharp (SAMUEL) [1814-1882]

While a boy at Stamford, Lincolnshire, Sharp studied the Oolitic rocks
around his house with Prof. J. Morris and other geologists, and made a
large and valuable collection of fossils. In 1857 he moved to Dallington
Hall, near Northampton, where he continued to collect from the Jurassic
rocks, availing himself of the numerous excavations then being carried on
for raising the iron ore of the Northampton Sand. The general results of
his observations were published by the Geological Society of London
(Quart. Journ., xxvi. p. 354, 1870 ; and xxix. p. 225, 1873).
Sharp's collection was also utilised by J. Morris in his " Catalogue
of British Fossils," and in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., ix., Proo. p. 317.
Sharp placed many of his geological specimens in the Northampton
Museum, of which he was a founder ; but a selection of over 1500 of the
better specimens, especially those illustrating the papers just mentioned,
was purchased for the British Museum in 1876. The specimens, which
are carefully labelled in a bold upright hand, comprise invertebrates of all
clasess, from the Oolitic and Liassic series of Northamptonshire, Lincoln-
shire, and Kutland, reptiles from the same rocks, and mammnls from the
Forest-bed and Drift of the eastern counties. The figured and described
specimens include an incrusted Chara (Geol. Mag., 1868), the types of

Y 2

324 Geology.

Stellaster sharpi and Astropecten cotteswoldix var stamfordensis, and
another A. cotteswoldias, all figured by T. Wright (Palseontogr. Soc.), also
the type of Penxus sharpi, H. Woodward {Rep, Brit. Assoc. for 1868)
from the Lower Lias, Northampton. The rest of the Sharp collection
was acquired by the Mason College, Birmingham, and is now in the
museum of the University : in addition to Jurassic fossils, it contains an
excellent stratigraphical series, from the Cambrian to Recent.

Sharpe (DANIEL)

Presented Pleistocene Mammalian remains from Erith and Grays,
1850.

Shelburne (Earl of)

Presented remains of Mastodon americanus and a molar ef Mastodon
Jiumboldti, 1767.

Sherborn (CHARLES DAVIES)

Collected London Clay Foraminifera, purchased 1886 ; English Chalk
fossils, presented 1899.

Shockley (W. H.)

Presented Upper Carboniferous Invertebrata from Shansi, China, 1898.

Shrubsole (GEORGE WILLIAM) [1827-1893]

Resident in Chester from 1853 until his death, Shrubsole was a
geologist and archaeologist with many interests, but made a special study
of the Palaeozoic Polyzoa, and collected an important series of these
fossils, notably from the Bala and Carboniferous Limestones of North
Wales, the Wenlock Limestone of Dudley, and Magnesian Limestone of
Northumberland. He published several papers on the subject (Quart.
Journ. Oeol. Soc. 1879-1882), and his collection was presented to the
British Museum by his son, Mr. George Shrubsole, in 1896. Many
Ordovician fossils from the Glyn Ceiriog district were presented by him
to the museum of the Chester Society of Natural Science, of which he
was a founder.

Shrubsole (WILLIAM HOBBS)

Resided for many years at Sheerness and collected fossils from the
London Clay of Sheppey. Discovered skull of Argillornis longipennis,
purchased 1880; skull of Chelone gigas, purchased 1880; Diatoms,
presented 1881 ; and Prophaethon shrubsolei, purchased 1898.

Sikora (F.) [ -1902]

Mr. Sikora was a skilled collector and obtained many important
bones of extinct Lemuroids and other vertebrates from the caverns of
Madagascar. Some of these were purchased from him in 1900 by the
British Museum, others by the Vienna Museum. The former have been
and are being described by Dr. Forsyth Major, the latter by Dr. Lorenz

Simmons (JEREMIAH)

An expert collector of Chalk fossils, from whom many specimens were
purchased. He prepared the unique group of Oreaster lulbiferus, pur-
chased 1873.

Simonson (A.)

Mr. Simonson collected remains of Treinataspis, Auchenaspis, and
other Ostracoderms, in_the Upper Silurian of Oesel, an island in the Baltic.

Geology. 325

A small selection of specimens was purchased from him in 1894, and
a Tremataspis from his collection was subsequently purchased through
Dr. Krantz.

Singley (J. A.)

Collected Tertiary and Cretaceous Mollusca from Galveston, Texas,
purchased 1897.

Slatter (ANN TAYLOB)

Miss Slatter was sister to T. J. Slatter (q.v.) of Evesham. Having
been attracted by numerous fossil corals scattered over the surface of a
ploughed field at Fairford, Gloucestershire, she not only collected these,
but subsequently obtained beautiful specimens from excavations made for
the purpose in the underlying bed, which was at the base of the Corn-
brash. She gave many of her specimens to Mr. Brown of Cirencester,
who lent them, among others, to P. Martin Duncan for description. Miss
Slatter's own specimens were examined, and some of them described, by
Mr. R. F. Tomes, notably the type of Bathycwnia slatteri (Quart.
Journ. Geol Soc., 1883 and 1885). In 1899 the Trustees purchased
from Miss Slatter 695 corals including several of the described specimens,
and about 100 other Oolitic Invertebrata.

Slatter (THOMAS JAMES) [1834-1895]

While serving as clerk and manager in various branches of the
Gloucestershire Bank, Slatter studied the geology of the county, and
made a large collection, chiefly of Jurassic fossils, which were carefully
labelled in his own small and neat handwriting. On his retirement, he
settled with his collection at Evesham. Many of the corals collected by
himself and his sister Anne (q.v.) were studied by R. F. Tomes. Nearly
5000 specimens selected from this collection were purchased by the
Museum from Slatter's executor in 1896. In the selection was included
a fine antler of reindeer from the river-gravels near Evesham.

Slimon (ROBERT)

Collected Upper Silurian Crustacea from Lanarkshire, purchased 1878.

Sloane (Sir HANS) [1660-1753]

In this place, it is only necessary to recollect the facts that among
Sloane's collections of natural history objects, were those he made in
Jamaica, 1687-88, and the valuable cabinets of William Courten acquired
by Sloane on the latter's death in 1702. A general account of Sloane's
collection as it existed at Chelsea is given in the Gentleman's Magazine,
1748 (pp. 301-302). The collection, as purchased by the nation in 1763
included many "extraneous fossils, comprehending petrified bodies, as
trees, or parts of them, herbaceous plants, animal substances," etc.,
described as being a collection " the most extensive and most curious that
ever was seen of its kind." In " The General Contents of the British
Museum," Ed. i., 1761 ; ii., 1762, we find the following fossils mentioned :
Helmintholithi [corals], Cochlites, Ammonites, Ostracites, Anomiae
[ Brachiopods], Conchites, Pectimtes, Echinites, Belemnites, Asterise,
Trochites and Entrochi, Ichthyolithi, Zoolithi [Mammal bones], Phyto-
lithi. The collection was of a very miscellaneous character, and com-
prised common fossils not only from Britain, but also from abroad. Each
specimen bore a register-number, written in ink on a square ticket of
white paper, and was entered in a MS. Catalogue, which is preserved in
the Library of the Department of Geology. Two bits of petrified wood,

326 Geology.

and 84 invertebrate fossils from the collection can still be identified with
certainty, about a dozen others being less certain; further, seveial fish-
remains bear the Sloane labels ; and a few Mammalian fragments are still
duly marked. No. 528 is noteworthy as "An Echinites from Agostino
Scilla's Collection " : Scilla's book was published at Naples in 1670, and a
Latin translation at Rome in 1724.

Slone (Mrs. E.)

Cheirotherian footprints from Trias of Cheshire, purchased 1848.

Smith. (GEORGE)

Presented Glossopteris from Natal, 1876.

Smith (Mrs. M. H.)

This lady, who lived at Mayo House, Tunbridge Wells, not only
purchased valuable specimens from qiiarrymen and collectors, but col-
lected herself, especially from the Chalk, and worked with the microscope
until prevented by blindness. She presented fossils to Mantell and the
Brighton Museum, and a few to the British Museum ; and her collection was
utilised by F. Dixon in his " Geology of Sussex." A MS. " Catalogue of
Fossil Organic Remains " in her cabinet, compiled and illustrated by
S. P. Woodward, with other drawings by W. H. Hensted, G. A. Mantell,
and J. Delves, is preserved in the Library of the Geological Department.
On Mrs. Smith's death the collection passed to her daughter, Mrs. Bishop
of Bramcote, near Nottingham. She also died before long, and in 1878
the grenter part of the collection was sold to the British Museum by the
second Mrs. Bishop. It consisted of 248 complete specimens and about
130 fragments, and included the type-specimen of DoUchosaurus longi-
collis, Owen, with specimens of Pterodactylus conirostris, Polyptycliodon
interruptus, Plesiosaums, and Chelonians, all figured by Owen in either
the first or second edition of Dixon's book, and in his " Keptilia of the
Cretaceous Formations" (Falseontogr. Soc., 1851); type-specimens of
Saurocephalus lanciformis, Agass., Pachyrhizodus basalis, Dixon, with a
specimen of Edaphodon mantelli also figured in the same work ; fine
specimens of Enoplocytia leachi and E. siissexensis, some figured ;
Greasier coronatus, Goniaster regularis, and the type of G. smithix,
figured by Forbes in Dixon. A cabinet of small Chalk fossils from
Mrs. Smith's collection was bequeathed by Mr. Bishop, who died in 1877,
to the then proposed Nottingham Museum, while a small collection,
arranged by his first wife, was retained by his widow. Mrs. Bishop, who
subsequently moved to Watford (Herts), presented the Museum with the
above-mentioned catalogue in 1892.

Smith (P. J.)

Palaeozoic fossils from Tasmania, purchased 1880.
Smith (TOULMIN)

Smith, who lived at Highgate, devoted many years to the investiga-
tion of the British Cretaceous sponges, especially those known as
Ventriculites, on which he published papers in the Annals and Magazine
of Natural History, in 1848. His collection, purchased from his widow
in 1869, included no less than 1060 specimens of such sponges, com-
prising those described by him. It also contained some shells from the
London Clay of Highgate and reptilian and fish remains from the Chalk,
the latter including, the jaws figured by him ( London Oeol. Journ., p. 22)
and subsequently referred to Pachyrhizodus gardncri. In the same

Geology. 327

year, Miss Toulmin Smith presented a scrap-book containing figures and
diagnoses of the Ventriculitidas of the Chalk, partly from Toulmin
Smith's papers, partly in MS. Smith had previously presented a col-
lection of Cretaceous sponges to the Manchester Museum.

Smith (WILLIAM) [1769-1839]

The "Father of English Geology" made a collection of fossils to
illustrate his " Strata Identified " and other works. It was purchased
in 1816.
Sommerring (SAMUEL THOMAS VON) [1755-1830]

This eminent anatomist made from the Lithographic Stone of
Bavaria a small collection of fossils, which was purchased in 1827. It
included the type-specimens of Lacerta gigantea (Geosaurus, Cuvier) and
Crocodilus prisons (Aeolodon, Meyer) described by Sommerring himself.

South Australian Geological Survey

Presented South Australian fossils, 1886, 1887.

South Australian Museum

Presented Marsupial remains from Australia, 1861.
Sowerby (JAMES) [1757-1822]

Well known for his work in many branches of Natural History,
Sowerby set an enduring mark on British Palaeontology by the publica-
tion of " The Mineral Conchology of Great Britain," which appeared in
parts from 1812 to 1846, being carried on after So werby's death by his
son and fellow- worker, James de Carle Sowerby, with some assistance
from George Brettingham Sowerby the first, and J. W. Salter. James
Sowerby himself presented various Secondary fossils from France in 1821,
but the " Sowerby Collection " was purchased of J. de C. Sowerby in
1860. It consisted of about 5000 fossils from all parts of England and of
every geological age, and included the majority of the specimens figured
in the "Mineral Conchology." These latter were marked by circular
paper tickets of a dull bluish-green tint and 7 • 2 mm. in diameter. The
Sowerby Collection, as then received, contained specimens from many
older collections, the most noticeable of which were those of Jas.
Parkinson, Wm. Martin, and the Rev. George Cookson (>}q.v.). The
remainder of the specimens figured in the "Mineral Conchology" were
in various collections and some can no longer be traced. A good pro-
portion of them have, however, since found their way to the British
Museum in the collections of J. S. Bowerbank, P. B. Brodie, F. Dixon,
F. E. Edwards, W. Gilbertson (including that of Alex. Moore), G. A.
Mantell, S. V. Wood, and N. T. Wetherell (qq.v.).
Sowerby (GEORGE BRETTINGHAM, the First) [1780-1854]

The second son of James Sowerby (y.v.) assisted his father and
brother in the preparation of the " Mineral Conchology," and was one of
the conductors of the Zoological Journal, to wi ich he contributed
descriptions of Blastoids in the collection of Wm. Gilbertson (q.v.).
Sowerby (JAMES DE CARLE. Son of James Sowerby (q.v.) )

[1787-1871]
Spearing (H.)

Presented jaws of Rodentia from New South Wales, 1897.
Spencer (E.)

The type-skull of Crocodilus spenceri, purchased 1846.

328 Geology.

Spratt (Vice-Admiral THOMAS A. B.) [1811-1888]

While surveying in the Mediterranean, Spratt made geological obser-
vations on many of the little-known coasts, partly in association with
Prof. Edward Forbes. He forwarded some small donations of fossils to
the Museum at different times, until in 1878 he presented an important
collection of remains of pigtny elephants and hippopotamus, with a lew
bones of birds and land tortoises, from the Zebbug Caves, Malta. The
remains of elephants in this collection were described by G. Busk (Trans.
Zool. Soc., vol. vi.); the Ohelonia by Leith Adams (Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc., 1866); and the birds by Mr. Lydekker (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1890,
and " Catalogue of Fossil Birds in the British Museum," 1891).

Springer (Hon. FRANK) [1848- ]

Associated with C. Wachsmuth (q.v.) in the formation of a large
collection of Cilnoidea at Burlington, Iowa, and in the production of
important works on their structure and classification, Mr. Springer, who
is now a leading barrister in New Mexico, has, since the death of his
colleague, continued to publish papers, notably " Liintacrinus ; its
Structure and Relations" (190] ). Remarkable specimens illustrating
this memoir were presented by Mr. Springer in 1900.

Spurrell (FLAXMAN)

Dr. Flaxman Spurrell and his son, Mr. Flaxman C. J. Spurrell, of
Belvedere, made an extensive collection of Pleistocene Mammalia from
Thames deposits at Crayford, Kent. Some of the specimens were
described or noticed by Falconer, Dawkins, and Sanford. The greater
part of the collection, comprising the skull of Fells ho and numerous
other important specimens, was presented to the Museum by Mr. F. C. J.
Spurrell in 1893. Mr. F. C. J. Spurrell's own collection of implements
and bones from a Palaeolithic floor, described in the Quarterly Journal
ot the Geological Society (1880), was presented by him to the Department
of Geology in 1895.

Spurrell (FLAXMAN C. J.)
See SPURRELL, FLAXMAN.

Squires (Mrs.)

Dried neck and legs of Dinornis didinus from a fissure in New
Zealand, purchased 1882.

Stanhope (Lady ESTHER)

Collected and presented Cretaceous Fishes from the Lebanon, 1817.

Stanley (Lord}

Presented Australian Palasozoic Brachiopoda collected by Dr. Jeunneret,
1846.

Stephens (DARELL)

Discovered ty
orset, purchased

Discovered type-specimen of Steneosaiirus stephani in Cornbrash of
' 1878.

Stephens (T.)

Presented remains of Glossopteris Flora from Tasmania, 1898.

Geology. 329

Sternberg (C. H.)

A well-known collector of Kansas Chalk fossils, from whom were
purchased specimens of Platecarpus, Clidastes, Tylosaurus, and Fishes
in 1900.

Stirling (EDWARD CHARLES)

Discovered limb-bones of Genyornis newtoni from Mulligan Springs,
South Australia, obtained by exchange 1897.

Stobart (W. C.)

Presented counterpart of type-specimen of Lepidotosaurus duffi from
the Magnesian Limestone of Durham, 1886.

Stock (THOMAS)

A collector of fossils, from whom were purchased Coal-plants from the
Forest ot Dean (1893), and Crinoids from the Carboniferous Limestone of
Alveston, Bristol (1894).

Stoddart (DAVID A.)

Presented Mammalian remains from the Parnpa Formation of Uruguay,
1865.

Stokes (CHARLES) [1783-1853]

" A respected member of the [London] Stock Exchange, full of vast
research in the Natural History Sciences, and remarkable for literary
and antiquarian, musical and artistic knowledge," Mr. Stokes, while
assiduously engaged in business, devoted his means and leisure to the
advancement of science. " He collected rare and interesting specimens at
any cost," says Edward Forbes, " not for their own sakes, but to place at
the disposal of any competent person." Among those who acknowledged
such help were Murchison, J. S. Miller (Nat. Hist. Crinoidea), A. Brong-
niart, and James Parkinson. Trilobites and zoophytes were among his
favourite subjects. In the Transactions of the Geological Society (ser. 2,
vol. v., 1837), he published a paper on the petrifaction of wood, and another
on "Some species of Orthocerata" (1840). On January 15th, 1823, he
presented to the Museum "two specimens of Entomoiithes in Shistus
from France," and in 1827, several varieties of agatised wood. His
collection, purchased from his executors in 1854, in addition to corals and
other invertebrates, comprised an extensive series of Orthocerata, chiefly
from North America, including the type-specimens figured by himself
(op. cit.) and by J. J. Bigsby (1824). Many of his specimens are in the
Museum of the Geological Society, and others in the Museum of Practical
Geology, from which some foreign Jurassic Ammonites collected by him
were transferred in 1880. His fossil fishes, mentioned by Agassiz, came
to the Museum in the Enniskillen and Egerton collections.

Straehey (Sir RICHARD) [1817- ]

"When a captain in the Bengal Engineers in the years 1848-49, Sir
Kichard Straehey was employed by the Indian Government in scientific
researches of a miscellaneous nature in the Northern Himalayas. He
read before the Geological Society a paper " On the Geology of part of the
Himalaya Mountains and Tibet" (Quart. Journ., 1851). The Silurian,
Carboniferous, Triassic, and Jurassic fossils mentioned therein, were
developed by him, mounted on tablets, and presented to the Museum of
Practical Geology, where they were described by J. W. Salter and H. F.
Blanford in a pamphlet entitled, " Paleontology of Niti, etc. . . . reprinted

330 Geology.

with slight correction for private circulation from Colonel R. Strachey's
forthcoming work on the physical geography of the Northern Himalaya,"
Calcutta, 1865. The complete work, however, never appeared. The
specimens were transferred to the British Museum in 1880; they are
accompanied by the old label of the Geological Survey, and many of them
bear the collector's number, written on the stone in ink.

Strzelecki (PAUL EDMUND DE, Count) [1796-1873]

Strzelecki was a German traveller, who during twelve years explored
or visited both North and South America, part of the West Indies, the
South Sea Islands, Tasmania, the Javanese Islands, part of China and
the East Indies, and Egypt. In 1839, he discovered the existence of
gold in the Australian colonies, and is best known by his "Physical
Description of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land," 1845, in
which many fossils chiefly of Permo-Carboniferous age were described.
He sold his collection of 135 fossils from New South Wales, including
those described in his book, to Prof. John Morris, from whom it was
bought by the Trustees in 1859. Two of the figured specimens of
Sphenopteris are, however, in the Museum of the Geological Society.

Sturtz (BERNHARD)

This well-known dealer in minerals and fossils at Bonn, made a special
collection of Lower Devonian star-fishes from Bundenbach in connection
with his researches published in Palceontographica (1886, 1890). The
original collection of 112 specimens was purchased by the Museum from
Mr. Sturtz in 1891, while small additions, similarly acquired in 1893 and
1900, illustrate his subsequent papers (Verhandl. nat. Ver. Preuss.
fiheinland, 1., Ivi.). Each specimen bears a detailed label in Mr. Stiirtz's
handwriting, with his name printed on it.

Sutherland (PETER C.)

In 1850-51, II.M.SS. Lady Franklin and Sophia, under the command
of William Penny, voyaged to Baffin Bay and Barrow Straits in search
of the missing crews of H.M.SS. Erebus and Terror, i.e., the Sir John
Franklin expedition. Sutherland was surgeon to the expedition. The
fossils he collected, with others belonging to Captain Ommanney, Mr.
Pickthorne, and Mr. Donnett, were described by J. W. Salter in an
appendix to Sutherland's account of the voyage (Vol. ii., pp. ccxvii-
ccxxxiii). Sutherland's collection was transferred from the Museum of
Practical Geology in 1878.

Styan (F. W.)

Presented Crinoidal limestone from Szechuen, China, 1899.

Surgeons, Royal College of

Presented plaster casts of bones of Megatherium to complete model of
skeleton, 1834.

Sweet (GEORGE)

Discovered and presented a specimen of Belonostomus sweeti from the
Cretaceous of Queensland, 1895.

Swindon Brick and Tile Company

Presented Omosaurtis armatus from the Kimmeridge Clay of Swindon,

Geology. 331

Swinhoe (ROBERT)

Teeth of Pliocene Mammalia from a cavern near Ching-King-Foo,.
China, purchased 1870.

Sykes (Lieut.-Col.)

Presented Tertiary Mollusca from India, 1857.

Szajnocha (L.)

Presented Devonian and Silurian fossils from Galicia, 1888.

Tabor (Mrs. H.)

Tertiary Polyzoa from New Zealand, purchased 1894.

Tate (GEORGE)

Presented English Carboniferous and Permian Brachiopoda, 1852.
Taylor (HENRY WILLIAM)

Taylor was, says E. Forbes, "well-known for his fine collection of
Chalk fossils, which he spared neither time nor expense to bring together."
In 1854, the Museum purchased from his executors many very choice
fossils, chiefly star-fishes, sea-urchins, crustaceans, and fishes.

Taylor (JAMES)

Presented remains of Stagonolepis from Trias of Elgin, 1859.
Taylor (J. W.)

Presented Tertiary leaves from Disco, Greenland, 1863.

Tennant (JAMES)

A lecturer on Geology and Mineralogy and a dealer from whom many
specimens were purchased. An extensive selection from his private
collection of English fossils was purchased from his executors in 1881-82.

Tesson

Resident in Caen, Tesson, who was a friend of the Deslongchamps and
other geologists, made a fine collection chiefly from the Jurassic rocks of
Normandy, but including specimens from other horizons and localities.
A few molluscs were acquired from Tesson in 1855, but the main collec-
tion was purchased by the Trustees in 1857. It contained the type-
specimens of Ammonites tessonianus, d'Orbigny (Paleontologie Fran9aise,
1842) and Teudopsis bunelii, Deslongchamps (Mem. Soc. Linn. Nor-
mandie, 1835), some brachiopods referred to by Davidson, and unique
remains of Teleosaurus and Pelagosaurus described by Deslongchamps.

Thomas (ETHEL A.)

Presented the W. F. Jennings' Collection of miscellaneous English
fossil Invertebrata, 1892.

Thompson (D'Ancv WENTWORTH)

Presented a paper model of Pterichthys made by Hugh Miller, 1898.
Thomson (A. M.)

Presented Marsupial and Rodent remains from the Wellington Caves^
New South Wales, 1870.

Thomson (JAMES)

Presented polished sections of Carboniferous Corals, 1871.

332 Geology.

Thorburn (R. M.)

Presented Post-Pliocene Mollusca from Uddevalla, Sweden, 1888.

Thornhill (B. CLARKE)

Presented two Tertiary Brachyurous Crustacea from Akita, N. Japan,
1891.

Thornton (GEORGE)

Presented slab of Petworth marble, 1841.

Tomes (ROBERT F.)

Presented English Jurassic Corals, 1885 ; Calci-sponges from the
Inferior Oolite, 1894.

Tomkins (H. G.)

Discovered a remarkable Coral, Amplexus, from the Carboniferous
Limestone of Weston, purchased 1892.

Touche (TOM DIGUES LA)

Presented Nummulitic Limestone from Singhe La, Himalaya, 1897.

Townsend (Mrs.)

Presented a Dinosaurhm ischium from the Stonesfield Slate, 1851.

Traquair (RAMSAY HEATLEY)

Presented plates of Asterolepis maxima from the Upper Old Red
Sandstone of IS aim, 1894.

Trevelyan (Sir JOHN)

^ Agassiz, in " Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles," writes, " a
Wailington, le musee de Sir John Trevelyan m'a paru tres remarquable ; il
contient surtout une collection magnifique de coquilles et d'echinodermes."
The Museum was inherited by his son, Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan
(<J-v.\ but it is interesting to note here that a lower molar of Elephas
primigenius from St. Audrie's, Somersetshire, mentioned by Sir John in
a note to Dean Buckland (Proc. Geol. Soc., 1842), was presented by
Mr. Spencer George Perceval in 1902.

Trevelyan (Sir WALTER CALVERLEY) [1797-1879]

The son of Sir John Trevelyan, the fifth baronet, of Nettlecombe,
Somersetshire, and Wailington, Northumberland, Trevelyan early turned
to geology, and the Geological Society published papers by him from
1829 to 1846. In the latter year, he succeeded to the title and to his
father's museum at Wailington, which he extended. It contained "a
good series of British and Italian fossils, valuable collections. of minerals
and recent shells, a good series of Ethnological specimens, together with
a general Natural History collection of objects, most of which he had
himself obtained during his travels." He bequeathed to the British
Museum a valuable series of fossils comprising: a type-specimen of
Amblypterus nemopterus, Agassiz ("Poissons Fossiles") and other fish
remains of Carboniferous age ; specimens of Cephalaspis tyelli from
Forfarshire; a large series of vertebrate remains from Kent's Hole,
Torquay ; coal-plants from Burdie House ; various invertebrata from the
Carboniferous and Magnesian Limestones; and Miocene shells from
Italy. Other museums that benefited by his liberality in the matter of
fossils were the Museum of Practical Geology and the Oxford Museum.

Geology. 333

A part of his collection was inherited by his nephew, Mr. Spencer
George Perceval.

Tristram (HENRY BAKER)

Collected Cretaceous! fishes from the Lebanon, purchased 1865.

Tryon (HENRY)

Presented nodules containing Fishes from Glacial Clay, Bindalen,
Norway, 1887.

Turner (Mrs. E.)

Presented fossil Corals from Antigua, 1891.

Turner (Major HARLOWE)

Presented a Plesiosaurus from the Lower Lias of Bennington, 1880.

Ulrich (EDWARD 0.)

Mr. Ulrich, of Newport, Ky., is well known for his writings on the
American Paleozoic Polyzoa published in the Journal of the Cincinnati
Society of Natural History (1879-1890), in the American Geologist, in
the eighth volume of the Geological Survey of Illinois (1890), and
especially in the Report of the Geological Survey of Minnesota (1886 and
1895). In 1898 the Trustees purchased from him 370 specimens of
American Palaeozoic Polyzoa, representing 720 species and varieties, and
named by Mr. Ulrich, followed in 1899 by 38 specimens and 500 micro-
scope-slides prepared from the same fossils.

United Service Museum

Skull of Ehphas namadicus from the Pleistocene of the Narbada
Valley, India, purchased 1860.

U. S. National Museum

Skull of Castoroides ohioensis from the Pleistocene of Illinois, by
exchange 1899.

Upton (W. J.)

The type-skeleton of Dinornis parvus from New Zealand, purchased
1880.

Van Breda (JACOB GIGSBERTUS SAMUEL) [1788-1867]

The collection of Prof. Van Breda, of Leyden, was catalogued in a
small pamphlet "Apercu General de la Collection Paleontologique Van
Breda," and comprised about 1900 fossils from the Miocene of Oeningen,
the Upper Cretaceous of Maastricht, and the Lithographic Stone of
Bavaria. Some of the Fishes from Oeningen and Bavaria, and Chelonia
from Oeningen and Maastricht, were described in memoirs by Dr. T. C.
Winkler. Three Pterodactyls were described by H. von Meyer. The
remains of Mosasaurus and Turtles from Maastricht, many collected by
Van Breda's father-in-law, Peter Camper, are specially valuable. The
whole collection was purchased by the British Museum from Prof. Van
Breda's executors in 1871.

Verbeek (R. D. M.)

Presented fossil Fishes from Tertiary Lignite at Padang, Sumatra,
1876.

334 Geology.

Vicary (WILLIAM)

Presented a slab of Devonian Crinoidal limestone from Newtou
Bushell, 1881 ; Greensand fossils from Blackdown, 1884.

Vine (GEORGE ROBERT) [ -1893]

Vine, of Sheffield, contributed Reports on Fossil Polyzoa to the British
Association (1880-84 and 1890-92), and several papers on the same
subject to the Geological Society (Quart. Journ., 1882-90), and the
Yorkshire Geological Society (Proc., 1889-92). His collection of 1695
specimens, mounted and labelled by himself and referred to in these
writings, was purchased from him by the British Museum in 1893.
Other specimens described by Vine were acquired in the collection of
T. Jesson (q.v.~).

Waehsmuth (CHARLES) [1829-1896]

Wachsmuth collected crinoids and other fossils from the Lower
Carboniferous limestone near Burlington, Iowa. At the invitation of
Agassiz, he visited Cambridge, Mass., in 1865, and then proceeded to
Europe, where, after studying in various museums, he came to the British
Museum, to which he sold two Burlington crinoids (1866). On his
return to America his collection was utilised by himself and others
for serious study, and was eventually sold to Agassiz. Wachsmuth
then made a second collection, which he brought with him on his
second visit to Europe in 1874, and sold to the British Museum. Again
he settled down, this time in co-operation with Mr. Frank Springer,
to make perhaps the finest collection of crinoids in the world, and to
begin that series of remarkable papers which culminated in the " North
American Crinoidea Camera ta" (1897). In 1887, Mr. Springer studied
the fossil crinoids in the British Museum, then newly arranged according
to Wachsmuth and Springer's classification, and effected an exchange of
great benefit to the national collection. The 316 specimens of criuoids
and blnstoids acquired in 1874, and the 83 specimens received in 1888
" contain many of the finest examples in the Museum, and some which
are in their way unique, notably the splendid calyx of Megistocrinus
evansi" (Qeol. Mag., 1896, p. 190). In the first collection, the fossils
from the Lower Burlington limestone are provided with yellow card
labels ; those from the Upper Burlington limestone have red ones.

Walcott (CHARLES DOOLITTLE)

Presented impressions of Medusa? from Lower Cambrian, Mt. Granville,
New York, 1900.

Walker (Jonx FRANCIS)

Presented type-specimens of Brachiopoda from the Neocomian of
Upware, 1867-68; Brachiopoda from the Wenlock Shale, 1883; and
Brachiopoda from the Inferior Oolite of Dorsetshire, 1891.

Warburton (T.)

Presented Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca from Moorfields, 1890.

Ward (HENRY A.)

Made plaster cast of carapace of Glyptodon reticulatus, obtained by
exchange 1865 ; prepared skull of Titanotherium from the White Eiver
Formation of Dakota, purchased 1895.

Geology. 335

Ward (JOHN)

Resident at Longton, Staffordshire, Mr. Ward has been occupied for
forty years in collecting the fossils, especially fishes and labyrinthodonts,
of the North Staffordshire Coalfield. He has always noted the exact
horizons of his specimens with special care ; and all are marked with a
white oblong label, partly printed and bearing his name, with particulars
added in his own clear handwriting. A set of 1072 selected fossils,
comprising many type-specimens and other specimens described by
Egerton, John Young, and Traquair, was purchased by the Trustees in
1894. Another and smaller selection was subsequently purchased by the
Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art.

Ward (T. BRYAN)
See T. T. LEWIS.

Warne (Miss ELIZABETH)

Presented Oligocene fishes from Canton Glarus, 1859.

Watson (J. W.)

Presented fossil Vertebrata from the Siwalik Formation of Perim
Island, 1886-87.

Westendarp (CHARLES)

Mr. Westendarp was an ivory merchant in the City of London. In
1877, he presented a few fossils collected by himself in Weimar, and, in
1879, some Post-Pliocene Gastropods from East Africa. In 1884, he
made a large donation of 778 specimens of various kinds from all parts
of the world. Among them may be mentioned a fine palate and mandible,
with the milk-dentition, of Elephas primigenius, together with other
vertebrate remains, from the Pleistocene of Ilford, and numerous vertebrate
remains from the Pleistocene travertine of Weimar.

Westminster (Duke of)

Presented remains of Bison and Reindeer dug up in Buckingham
Palace Road, 1891.

Westmoreland (J.)

Collected fossils from the Red Chalk of Hunstanton, a selection
purchased through Mr. S. G. Perceval, 1900.

Weston (JOSEPH)

For many years a resident of Fenton, Staffordshire, Mr. Weston made
a small but valuable collection of fossil fishes from the North Staffordshire
Coalfield. The specimens were well labelled in his own handwriting, the
labels being miscellaneous scraps of white paper. The whole collection,
consisting of 200 vertebrate remains and 100 invertebrates and plants, was
purchased in 1891.

Wetherell (NATHANIEL THOMAS) [1800-1875]

Being in medical practice at Highgate, Wetherell was attracted by
the excavations for Highgate Archway, and made a large collection of
the London Clay fossils from that and other localities in the north of
London. As a member of the London (Jlay Club and a founder of the
Palasontographical Society, many of his specimens were figured in the
publications of the latter body. He also collected fossils from the Glacial
Drift of Finchley and Muswell Hill, and this collection is now in the

336 Geology.

Museum of Practical Geology, with the exception of a series of 50 banded
flints described by S. P. Woodward (Geol. Mag. 1864), which were
presented to the British Museum in 1865. Wethereli made many other
donations to the Museum, beginning in 1833 with fossils from Highgate
Archway, and continuing till 1874, when he gave many hundred portions
of Bourgueticrinus from the Chalk of Gravesend. His main collection,
however, was bought through J. Tennant in 1871, making the total
number of specimens received from him nearly 5000, all which have been
marked "Wethereli Coll.," while many bear labels in his own hand-
writing. Among the more important specimens in this collection may
be mentioned: a "sternum of a small wader" from the London Clay,
figured by Owen (" Brit. Foss. Mammals and Birds ") ; teeth of Mosasaurus
from the Chalk, figured in MantelPs "Medals of Creation"; tooth of
Ptychodus, figured in the Geologist; the type of Loricula pulchella,
G. B. Sowerby, 1843, re-figured by Darwin (Palseontogr. Soc., 1851);
some thirty type and figured specimens of London Clay Crustacea,
described by T. Bell (Pateontogr. Soc., 1858), and one subsequently the
type of Squilla wetherelli, H. Woodw. (1879); many of the types of
Nautilidsc, as Aturia ziczac, Nautilus parkinsoni, N. sowerbyi, figured
by F. E. Edwards (Palaeontogr. Soc.), and two N. centralis figured in
Sowerby's " Mineral Conchology " ; numerous type and figured specimens
of other Eocene Mollusca described by F. E. Edwards and S. V. Wood
(Palajontogr. Soc.), including a Voluta figured in the "Mineral Con-
chology," also Cyprasidse figured in the Geological Magazine (1865);
pearl-bearing Inoceramus and Gryphcea (Ann. May. Nat. Hist.) ; Tere-
bratula semiglobosa, figured by Davidson ; six types of Polyzoa, figured
by Busk (Geol. Mag., 1866); the types of Coelopleurus wetherelli and
Ophiura wetherelli, described by Forbes (Palseontogr. Soc., 1852);
Clionites mantelli (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.); and flint implements from
Hornsey, figured in the Geologist. The collection also included the
41 fossils of various kinds found in a well on Hampstead Heath, and
figured by J. de C. Sowerby (Trans. Geol. Soc., 1840).

Whidbey (J.)

Collected Mammalian remains from cavern of Oreston, near Plymouth,
presented by Mr. Clil't, 1822.

Whymper (EDWARD)

Collected Tertiary leaves in Greenland, partly presented by Mr. R. H.
Scott in ]869, partly purchased in 1886. Also collected fossil Mollusca
from Greenland, purchased 1886.

Wickes (W. H.)

Collected and presented remains of Naiadites from Rha3tic, Bristol, 1900.

Wilcox (of Swanage)

Collected Reptilia, chiefly Chelonia, from the Purbeck Beds of
Swanage, purchased 1853.
Willcox (JOSEPH)

Presented Pliocene Mollusca from Florida, 1889; and Miocene
Mollusca from North Carolina, 1893.

Willett (HENRY)

Presented maxilla of Iguanodon from Wealden, Sussex, 1886 ; and a
jaw of Lepidotus maximus from the Kimmeridge Clay of Shotover, 1892.

Geology. 337

Williamson (JOHN) [1774-1877]

The cousin of William Dean, and the father of W. C. Williamson
(q.v.\ began life as a gardener, but coming under the influence of
William Smith, he became a pioneer in Yorkshire geology, and was one of
the original discoverers of fossil plants in the Inferior Oolite of that
county, notably at Gristhorpe. The genus Williamsoma was named
after him, and many of his specimens were described by Adolphe
Brongniart. Williamson presented a small collection of these plants to
the British Museum in 1829; but the main part of his collection formed
the nucleus of the Scarborough Literary and Philosophical Society's
museum, of which he was appointed keeper.

Williamson (WILLIAM CRAWFORD) [1816-1895]

During the latter half of his life, while occupied with researches on
the organisation of the Carboniferous Flora, the well-known Professor of
the Owens College accumulated a series of about 2000 microscope-slides
illustrating his work. In collecting and preparing the material, he was
assisted by Messrs. William Cash, James Spencer, Thomas Hick, George
Wild, James Lomax, and other residents in the northern coalfields. Each
specimen bears a number corresponding with a record in the descriptive
MS. catalogue compiled by Prof. Williamson. The whole collection was
purchased by the Trustees in 1896. He presented his collection of
Yorkshire fossils, specimens of coal, and sections of Carboniferous plants
to the Manchester Museum, Owens College ; it contained a few specimens
figured by himself and by Lindley and Button.

Wills (C. F.)

Collected remains of Vertebrata from the superficial deposits of
Madagascar, purchased 1893.

Wills (JAMES)

Mr. Wills, a missionary in Madagascar, collected several important
remains of Aepyornithes and Hippopotamus, which were purchased from
him by the Museum in 1895.

Wilmer (L. WORTHINGTON)

Presented Eocene Mollusca from Dieppe, 1887.

Wilson (EDWARD)

Collected Elasmobranch teeth from the Carboniferous Limestone of
Ticknall, Derbyshire, purchased 1887. Presented the type-specimens
of Necroscilla wilsoni and Eoscorpius anglicus, from the Coal Measures,
1886.

Wise (JOHN R.)

Presented Oligocene shells from Brockenhurst, 1876.

Wolf (GEORGE DE)

Presented Trilobites from Mount Stephen, British Columbia, 1896.

Wood (Lieut.}

Presented Pleistocene Mammalian remains from Kotzebue Sound,
Alaska, 1850.

VOL. I. Z

338 Geology.

Wood (EDWARD)

Wood was a manufacturer who lived at Richmond, Yorkshire, and
amused himself by investigating the Carboniferous rocks of Swaledale,
from which he gathered a valuable collection of fossils. Here he dis-
covered a bed crowded with specimens of the crinoid described by his
friend Prof, de Koninck as Woodocrinus, 1854. Five of the earliest
known specimens were presented by Wood to the Museum in 1859. He
also gave a fine slab covered with specimens of the fossil to the Carlton
Club, of which he was a member. Other specimens of his collecting
found their way, through the dealer J. R. Gregory, to the Museum.
After Wood's death, his collection was bought by Wm. Reed, of York,
who presented it, with his own large collection, to the museum of the
Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

Wood (E. R.)

Presented Mammalian remains from the Gower Caves, Glamorgan-
shire, 1868.

Wood (JOSEPH)

Collected Mammalian remains from a Turbary near Wai tham stow,
purchased 1869.

Wood (J. A.)

Presented fossil wood from Antigua, 1828.
Wood (M.)

Collected Apiocrinus from the Bradford Clay, purchased 1855.
Wood (SEARLES VALENTINE) [1798-1880]

From 1826 for about ten years Searles Wood lived in Suffolk and
collected fossil shells from the Crag of that county and of Essex. On
moving to London, he was associated with Lyell in the classification of
the Tertiary formations, and continued his study of their molluscs. He
was one of the members of the " London Clay Club." This led to
the preparation of his monograph of the Mollusca of the Crag, the
opening volume of which formed the first publication of the Palseonto-
graphical Society (1847). Subsequent volumes, with supplements, were
issued at intervals down to 1882. The main work, however, was com-
pleted earlier, and in 1852 Mr. Wood presented to the Zoological
Department of the British Museum his unrivalled collection of British
Pliocene fossils, containing, with but two or three exceptions, all the
specimens up till then described and figured in his monograph, as well as
Cirripedia figured by C. Darwin, Entomostraca figured by T. Rupert
Jones, and Foraminifera figured by Jones, Parker, and Brady — all in the
monographs of the Palaeontographical Society. A supplementary collec-
tion containing such specimens, subsequently described, as were in the
author's cabinet, was presented by Mrs. S. V. Wood, junior, in 1885, to
the Geological Department, to which all of the original collection preserved
by the Zoological Department had in 1884 been transferred with the
approval of Mr. S. V. Wood, junior. Mr. Wood also presented to the
Museum in 1850 the valuable collection of vertebrate remains, including
the unique jaws of Alligator hantoniensis and Microchcerus erinaceus,
which he had, in 1843-1845, extracted from the Eocene Freshwater beds of
Hordwell Cliff, Hants, and partially figured and described in the London
Geological Journal (1846-47). Others were described in Owen's
" Reptilia of the London Clay " (Palzeontogr. Soc., 1849).

Geology. 339

Wood (SEARLES VALENTINE, Junior) [1830-1884]

The son of the former, he continued his work and collection, and was
corresponding with reference to the final transference of the whole to the
Geological Department, when he died on December 14th, and the donation
was completed by his widow, who also, in 1886, presented the collection
of St. Erth fossils made for S. V. Wood by Robert Bell (q.v.).

Woodward (ARTHUR SMITH)

Presented Devonian fish-remains from Spitsbergen, 1891.

Woodward (BERNARD BARHAM)

Presented Pleistocene non-marine Mollusca, from the Thames Valley,
Chelmsford, and Portland, 1890-91.

Woodward (HENRY)

Collected and presented Pliocene shells from Tejares, Malaga, 1860.
Presented Culm Trilobites from Devonshire, 1885.

Woodward (SAMUEL)

Presented fossils from the Braunston Crag, and wood from a sub-
merged forest on the Norfolk coast, 1828.

Worthen (AMOS HENRY) [1813-1888]

The late State Geologist of Illinois amassed a very large collection, of
which the more important specimens were purchased by the State after
his death. A valuable residuum, however, came into the hands of his
third SOD, Mr. Thomas A. Worthen, of Warsaw, 111., from whom in 1897
the British Museum acquired 499 Echinoderma, comprising 2 echinoids,
20 cystids, 85 blastoids, and 392 crinoids, mostly from the Lower
Carboniferous rocks of N. America, but a few from older strata. They
are for the most part accompanied by labels in Prof. A. H. Worthen's
handwriting. Since Worthen himself was a student of Crinoidea, and
since his collection had also been utilised by James Hall, the determina-
tions have a special value (see F. A. Bather, "Genera and Species of
Blastoidea," p. x., 1899).

Wright (BRYCE M.)

Many fossils were purchased from this dealer, including the unique
skull of Odontopteryx toUapica from the London Clay of Sheppey,
1873.

Wright (EDWARD PERCEVAL)

Skeleton of female Irish Deer, purchased 1870.

Wright (JOSEPH)

Presented Polyzoa from the Irish Chalk, 1897.

Wright (THOMAS) [1809-1884]

A native of Paisley, Wright was for the last fifty years of his life in
practice as a physician at Cheltenham, where he devoted his leisure to
palaeontology. In addition to thirty-two papers contributed to the
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, the Proceedings of the
Cotteswold Field Club, and the Annals and Magazine of Natural
History, he wrote for the Palreontographical Society, monographs on

Z 2

340 Geology.

Jurassic and Cretaceous unstalked echinoderms, and on Liassic Ammonites.
The collection of Mesozoic fossils amassed during these labours was
purchased of the dealer, F. H. Butler, in 1887. In addition to numerous
ammonites and echinoids figured by himself, it contained types and
figured specimens of Edwards and Haime's Latimxandra davidsoni,
Axosmilia wrighti, and Montlivaltia trochoidei, also P. Martin Duncan's
types of Septastrsea haimei (1867) and Symphyllia etheridgei (1872), all
in the monographs of the Palzeontographical Society.

Wylde (W. R.)

Presented skulls of Bos longifrons from the Irish peat-bogs, 1859.

A. S. WOODWARD.

THE DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS.

( 343 )

THE DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS.

1. GENERAL SKETCH.
1753-1807.

When the British Museum, established in 1753, was first
opened for study and inspection on January 15, 1759, the
collections had been arranged in thirty -eight rooms of Montagu
House, Bloomsbury. The income from the invested funds of the
Trust being small (£900 a year) and quite insufficient for the
provision of a large staff of warders, it was long impossible to
give to the public, indiscriminately, free access to the rooms
containing objects of great intrinsic value ; admission of the
public was therefore by ticket, and visitors were escorted through
the Museum in parties of fifteen at a time, not more than
ten minutes being allowed for the inspection of the contents of
any room. As only a small number of visitors (120) could be
thus escorted through the Museum in a single day, previous
application for tickets was necessary, and the applicant had
then to wait some time, possibly weeks, until informed that the
turn for admission had arrived.

Nor did the funds of the Trust allow of the provision of
a large literary and scientific staff; only two officers could be
provided to take care of the whole of the Natural History
specimens, Animals, Plants and Minerals ; for a long time these
officers could be remunerated only at an extremely small rate, and
cheir attendance was therefore required for only two hours a day
on alternate days. Until the year 1807, all the officers of the
Natural History Department had been zoologists or botanists,
who gave no special attention to the study of minerals.

It thus came about that, until the end of the 18th century,
the development and arrangement of the Mineral Collection
made virtually no progress ; the general collection was incomplete,
preserved in closed cabinets, and classified according to a system
which became out of date ; the only exhibited specimens were the
large ones placed on the tops of the cabinets, and some selected

344 Minerals.

lesser specimens arranged under glass in two small table-tops.
And until the British Museum could be made more accessible
to the public, the arrangement of additional specimens in a way
which would admit of their easy inspection was not a matter of
pressing importance.

But those who took a great interest in the science of
mineralogy felt that there ought to be in the metropolis of the
Empire a well-arranged series of the best illustrations of the
mineral products of Nature; and, in the year 1799, during the
keepership of Dr. Edward Whitaker Gray, F.R.S., the Trustees
took an important step towards supplying the acknowledged
want by purchasing the minerals which had been collected by
Mr. Charles Hatchett, F.R.S. ; in the same year, on the death of
the Rev. Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode, F.R.S., who had long
been one of the Trustees, a collection of well-selected mineral
specimens came to the Museum by bequest. Thereupon, a small
series of the Cracherode minerals was arranged under glass
for facility of inspection, various other specimens were arranged
in wall-cases, and the Sloane and Hatchett specimens in general
were incorporated into a single systematic collection preserved
in 210 drawers; it was probably classified according to the
Linnsean system.

1807-51.

Assistant-keeper of Natural History . . 1807-13

Keeper of Natural History . . . 1813-37

Keeper of Minerals (including Fossils) . 1837-51

Charles Dietrich Eberhard Konig, F.E.S.

A further step was taken by the Trustees in 1807 ; in that
year Mr. Charles Konig (formerly Konig), on his appointment
as assistant-keeper of the Department of Natural History, was
instructed to give, in the first place, the whole of his available
time to the preparation of a catalogue of the systematic collec-
tion of minerals. During the following forty-four years, the
care of the Minerals was entrusted to him, first as an assistant-
keeper (1807-13) and afterwards as a keeper (1813-51) ; for
that long space of time he was the only officer of the Museum
directly concerned with the arrangement and development of the
Mineral Collection. But after 1813, when he became keeper of
the Department of Natural History, not only Minerals but also
Plants and Animals claimed his regard ; and, though he was
eventually relieved of the charge of the Recent Plants and

Minerals. 345

Recent Animals, which were assigned to special departments
of Botany and Zoology respectively, he retained till his death
in 1851 the keepership of not only the Minerals but also the
Palseontological specimens.

During his long term of office, there were great changes as
regards both the Mineral Collection in particular and the British
Museum in general. In the first place, the acquisition, in the
year 1810, of the fine mineral collection which had been brought
together by the Et. Hon. Charles Greville, raised the Museum
collection to the first rank among the collections of the world.
In the second place, satisfactory arrangements having been made
with respect to the safeguarding of the various collections in
the Museum, it became possible in 1811 to grant to the general
public free access to the rooms on four days of the week, and to
dispense with tickets of admission.

The arrangement of the minerals in glazed table-cases instead
of closed cabinets now became very desirable, and the saloon of
Montagu House, a large room, was placed by the Trustees at the
service of Mr. Konig for this purpose. In the course of the next
four years (1811—15), the necessary table-cases were provided and
the minerals were arranged for exhibition ; Mr. Konig adopted
for their arrangement an independent modification of the
Wernerian system of classification then in vogue. The table-
cases were twenty-four in number and one-fourth the size of the
largest in the present mineral gallery; the number of drawers
had been increased to 640. In the immediately succeeding
years (1816-23), the collection was further increased by the
purchase of the Beroldingen, Moll and Monticelli collections,
and also by numerous timely purchases of isolated specimens.

When the present building at Bloomsbury was erected in
place of Montagu House to contain the large and growing
collections of the British Museum, the minerals were at first
arranged (1830-32) in the "Long Room" of the eastern wing;
Mr. Konig took the opportunity of this change of position to
re-classify the collection once more, and this time adopted the
improved chemical scheme which had been proposed in 1824 by
Prof. Berzelius. At the same time he dispersed the still very
incomplete set of British minerals which he had begun to isolate
from the general collection as early as the year 1816: his later
experience had led him to the conclusion that it is on the whole
more advantageous to have only a single systematic collection ;
for each mineral species the British are then in close proximity to

346 Minerals.

the foreign specimens, and directly comparable with them. In
1834 the exhibited specimens occupied sixty-one table-tops, each
of them half the size of the long cases in the present gallery.

On the completion of the new building the minerals were
transferred to, and re-arranged in, the rooms on its northern
side (1838-44), where they remained till the removal to South
Kensington in 1880.

After his promotion to the keepership of Natural History in
1813, the general demands upon Mr. Konig were so great that
only a comparatively small portion of his time could be given
to the Mineral Collection, especially in later years ; it was
virtually impossible for him to do any mineralogical work other
than that involved in the comparison, selection, registration,
arrangement and labelling of the specimens.

1851-57.

^Keeper of Minerals (including Fossils),
George Robert Waterhouse, F.R.S.

During the interval 1851-57, Mr. G. R. Waterhouse, F.R.S.,
palaeontologist, was keeper of the composite department.

As already mentioned, Mr. Konig, during his forty-four years
of office, had been the only member of the staff directly concerned
with the care of the Mineral Collection; after his death in 1851,
none of his colleagues was specially qualified to develope the
mineralogical section of the composite department ; their interests
had been, and remained, entirely palseontological. It thus came
about that for six years after Mr. Konig's death there was no
mineralogist at all on the Museum staff.

1857-80.

Keeper of Minerals,

Mervin Herbert Nevil Story-Maskelyne, M.A., F.R.S.
Assistants.

Thomas Davies 1862— >

Viktor von Lang, Ph.D 1862-64

Walter Flight, D.Sc., F.B.S 1867->

William James Lewis, M.A 1875-77

Lazarus Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S 1878-80

In 1857 the Trustees were enabled to bring the unsatis-
factory state of affairs to an end. In that year new arrangements

Minerals. 347

were made according to which the minerals were likewise allo-
cated to a special department ; and in August of the same year
Mr. M. H. N. Story-Maskelyne, Professor of Mineralogy at the
University of Oxford, was appointed keeper. It was impossible
for the Trustees to provide him at once with much assistance,
scientific or general. The first appointment was that of Mr.
T. Davies, who was made attendant in the following February ;
the duties corresponding to that grade are not scientific.
Although Mr. Davies, who was then in his twenty-first year, had
had few educational opportunities, and was entirely ignorant of
mineralogy, he had a remarkable capacity for the recognition and
remembrance of the minute details of specimens, and his natural
talents and his usefulness, especially at that stage of development
of the mineral collection, became so manifest that in 1862 he
was promoted to the scientific grade of assistant. Trained up
under Mr. Maskelyne, he became a valued colleague, and gave
important help in the qualitative section of the departmental
work until his death in 1892, twelve years after Mr. Maskelyne
had retired.

Before 1857 little importance had been assigned to the
statement of localities of specimens, and there were scarcely any
locality-labels with the exhibited portion of the Collection ; there
were no labels at all with the unexhibited specimens, many
thousands in number. The latter were preserved in drawers in
the Gallery and Basement of the Museum and were entirely
unarranged. In the course of several years, Mr. Maskelyne,
aided solely by Mr. Davies, was able to furnish locality-labels
from the documents contained in the archives of the department ;
further, he examined, sorted and arranged into species all the
unexhibited specimens, at the same time setting aside the dupli-
cates for future disposal.

The ends of many of the cabinets were altered, glazed and
fitted, thus making it possible to exhibit those mineral specimens
which are too large to be placed in the table-tops.

During the keepership of Mr. Maskelyne, the Mineral Collec-
tion was completely re-arranged, the classification adopted being
the crystallo-chemical system published by Prof. Gustav Rose of
Berlin in 1852, instead of the purely chemical system as amended
in 1847 by Prof. J. J. Berzelius and Prof. C. F. Rammelsberg,
which had been on the point of being adopted by Mr. Konig in
1850. In addition to two large private collections, the Allan-
Greg and Koksharov, numerous isolated specimens were acquired

348 Minerals.

by purchase, presentation or exchange, and incorporated with
the systematic collection ; special attention being given to the
improvement of the series of Meteorites, which was separated by
Mr. Maskelyne from the systematic mineral collection itself in
1863-64, and arranged in two small special wall-cases.

In 1857 the Museum was in no way equipped for the making
of scientific research on minerals, so necessary for their accurate
discrimination ; there was virtually no physical apparatus, and
there was no chemical laboratory at all ; further, the necessity
of avoiding any risk of the destruction of the Museum by
fire made it impossible to allow the use of gas and to fit up
laboratories, or even use a blowpipe, within the building. Yet,
as early as 1861, a microscope with a revolving graduated stage
and an eye-piece micrometer was constructed, under the keeper's
directions, for the examination of thin sections of meteorites
with the aid of polarised light ; and a reflective goniometer,
provided with a telescope, was specially designed for the depart-
ment for use in the measurement of crystals. With these
instrumental aids the beginning at least of research became
possible; though at a heavy cost to Mr. Maskelyne, his eyes
being soon permanently injured through the strain rendered
necessary by the weakness of the available illumination. For
short periods of time, Dr. V. von Lang (1862-64), now Professor
of Physics in the University of Vienna, Mr. W. J. Lewis (1875-77),
now Professor of Mineralogy in the University of Cambridge,
and Mr. L. Fletcher (1878-80), served as assistants during
Mr. Maskelyne's keepership, and gave help more especially in
the crystallographic examination and in the registration of the
specimens. Further, in 1867, a departmental chemical laboratory
was fitted up in a private house outside the Museum precincts,
and Dr. W. Flight was appointed assistant ; during his tenure
of office he gave much help in the chemical analysis of the speci-
mens, but his position of isolation in an outside laboratory had
the great disadvantage of preventing his close association with
the general departmental work. The provision of a chemical
laboratory, however, made it possible to submit specimens to a
more critical examination than previously.

All the time of the departmental staff which could be spared
from administrative work was devoted to chemical, goniometrical
or microscopical research on the specimens.

Minerals. 349

1880-1903.

Keeper of Minerals.

Lazarus Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S. . . . 1880->
Assistants.

Walter Flight, D.Sc., F.R.S ->1885

Thomas Davies — >1892

Henry Maurice Platnauer, B.Sc.* . . 1880-83

Henry Alexander Miers, M.A., F.R.S. f • . 1882-95

George Thurland Prior, M.A 1887— >

Leonard James Spencer, M.A. . . . 1894— >

George Frederick Herbert Smith, M.A. . . 1897— >

After Mr. Maskelyne had retired from office, a step rendered
necessary by his candidature for the House of Commons, Mr.
Fletcher was promoted to the vacant keepership in June, 1880.
In the following month he was called upon to remove the
Minerals from Bloomsbury to South Kensington, and to rearrange
them in the new Natural History Museum.

Some idea of the nature of this task may be formed if it be
pointed out that the cabinets of the table-cases at Bloomsbury
were to be made use of in the new Gallery, but that the glazed
table-tops were to be left behind ; that the new table-tops were
then lying on the gallery -floor at South Kensington, and had as
yet no supports ; that differences of illumination of the old and
new Galleries, and differences of construction of the cabinets,
made it necessary that the relative positions of the cabinets in
the Gallery at South Kensington should be completely different
from the relative positions in the Gallery at Bloomsbury ; that
every cabinet had for some time to be turned upside down
during the process of being fitted to the new floor ; that many of
them had to be cut in two because of the interference of the
structural columns of the Gallery, and new mahogany ends had
afterwards to be made and fitted to them. Such a series of
operations involves great practical difficulties when the specimens
to be removed and arranged are numerous, fragile, and require
to be cautiously handled, or are small portable, and of great
intrinsic value, and must be kept under lock and key.

The transfer of the specimens and the fitting of the cabinets
to the floor having been accomplished, the exhibited portion of
the systematic collection was increased by the addition of
specimens selected from the reserve series in the drawers ; the

* Curator of the York Museum.

f Professor of Mineralogy at the University of Oxford.

350 Minerals.

space available for the exhibition of specimens belonging to the
systematic collection being one-fourth larger than before.

Afterwards, Mr. Fletcher conceived the idea of providing
both the ordinary visitor and the scientific student with the
means of acquiring a systematic knowledge of the contents of
the Mineral Gallery. With this end in view, he selected, in the
first place, a series of specimens to serve as an introduction to
the study of Meteorites, and prepared a corresponding guide-book
(1881).* This introduction having been found of great service
to the public, he continued the work, and by 1884 and 1895,
similar series of specimens elaborately labelled, and similar
guide-books, constituting introductions to the study of Minerals
and Rocks respectively, were completed f ; these specimens are
arranged in the ten window-cases provided in the year 1883 for
the northern side of the Gallery.

When the Collection was at Bloomsbury, all the labels were
hand-written, and mostly of a temporary character ; in the
course of the re-arrangement at South Kensington printed labels
have been designed and furnished for all parts of the collec-
tion, namely species-labels, locality-labels, pseudomorph-labels,
and labels for the large specimens and introductory series. There
are now nearly 17,000 printed labels exhibited in the Gallery.

All the vertical glazed fronts of the table-cases, formerly
fixed, were in 1881 made removable, and the ends of the cases
have been provided with new fittings.

Fittings have likewise been made for the wall-cases, which
have themselves been provided since 1880, and specimens have
been selected and mounted for exhibition therein. One of the
wall-cases now contains a beautiful series of polished slabs of
Ornamental Stones ; most of the others contain large specimens
of minerals and rocks, specially selected and mounted.

At Bloomsbury no space was available for the exhibition of
rock-specimens; an elaborately labelled series of typical rock-
specimens has now been arranged in the eleven window-cases
on the southern side of the Gallery.

The Pseudomorphs, at one time arranged in six of these cases,
have been transferred to three additional table-cases provided for

* Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the Meteorites
represented in the Collection. &d.

t Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to the Mineral
Gallery. &d.

Introduction to the Study of Bocks. 6d.

Minerals. 351

the Pavilion, at the eastern end of the Gallery ; the Isolated
Crystals and Crystal Models, at one time in some of the window-
cases, have been transferred to two Avail-cases at the western end
of the Gallery.

Since 1880, the selection, registration, incorporation, labelling
and arrangement of the specimens, and the formation and cata-
loguing of the Departmental Library, have made great demands
on the staff of the Department, but time has been nevertheless
found for research on the specimens. For this purpose the
Department has been gradually equipped with an excellent set
of the most modern apparatus necessary for the physical and
goniometrical investigation of minerals, and good illumination has
been provided for use with the instruments ; the chemical laboratory
is no longer isolated from the Museum, but has been fitted up in
the building itself.

As the purchase of entire systematic collections of minerals
generally involves the acquisition of many duplicate and inferior
specimens, only few such collections have been acquired by the
Trustees ; of these the more important have been the Hatchett
and the Cracherode Collections (1799), the Greville Collection
(1810), the Monticelli Collection (1823), the Allan-Greg Collection
(I860), and the Koksharov Collection (1865).

Most of the mineral specimens in the Museum Collection have
been singly selected, each on its own merits, after direct com-
parison with specimens already acquired ; a collection of specimens
offered for presentation or sale to the Trustees is thus generally
represented in the Museum Collection by a merely miscellaneous
set of specimens, and in many cases by only a single one.

All the collections and isolated specimens acquired since the
foundation of the Museum have been incorporated together to
form a single General Collection; in the course of this incor-
poration many thousands of duplicates and inferior specimens
have been set aside, and afterwards either presented to local
museums and institutions, or exchanged to mineral collectors and
foreign museums for specimens more useful to the British Museum,
or have been otherwise disposed of.

Since the year 1837, when the General Register of specimens
was begun in each Department of the Museum, the mineral
specimens have been systematically numbered and entered
therein; the General Register thus gives a complete and

352 Minerals.

continuous record of the growth of the Collection since that year.
In the case of the Allan-Greg collection (1860), all the specimens
had been numbered and catalogued before the collection became
the property of the Trustees, and their entry in the General
Register was unnecessary.

Further, all the mineral specimens acquired before 1837 have
likewise been numbered and entered in the General Register,
unless they bear affixed labels referring to special registers or
other documents preserved in the Department — for instance, the
Sloane, Cracherode, Durazzo, Beroldingen, Heuland, or Aylesford
Catalogues.

The General Register of specimens preserved in the Mineral
Department extended on December 31, 1903, to seventeen
volumes of foolscap size with 86,807 entries ; but of these the
earlier entries (1—26,480) correspond, not solely to minerals, but
also to palseontological specimens : after the death of Mr. Konig,
in 1851, specimens belonging to the latter kind were entered in a
special register, and in 1857 assigned to a special department.
The number of entries in the General Register is only a rough
approximation to the number of specimens acquired for the
Museum ; for in some cases two or more specimens belonging to
the same species or group have been entered under a single
number, especially where the material is fragmental. Indeed,
where there is little or no individuality, as is generally the case
with minerals, the number assigned to the quantity of specimens
may be without real importance : for example, a material may be
studded with thousands of crystals and yet, being in one piece, it
is reckoned as a single specimen ; if it be diminished in size by
the removal of the material connecting the crystals, it may
become, not part of a specimen, but thousands of specimens, each
more or less different from the others.

The exhibited specimens (1 903) are placed on upwards of 1 6,000
separate trays, each carrying one or more specimens ; further,
there are 2400 exhibited specimens for which no trays are
required. The total number of drawers, almost all containing
specimens, is 4276.

Affixed to every specimen in the Mineral Department is a
number referring in most cases to the above-mentioned " General
Register," and in the remaining cases to one or other of a set of
Lists or Catalogues. Every specimen, exhibited or unexhibited,
is provided with a printed or manuscript label.

Minerals. 353

2. CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS (1753-1903).

The specimens preserved in the Mineral Department are
conveniently discriminated into three series, briefly and con-
veniently designated MINERALS, ROCKS and METEORITES.

SERIES A.— MINERALS.

The Collection of Minerals is arranged in two Divisions,
namely, the Introductory Series and the Systematic Collection ;
to the latter several small collections are auxiliary : —

Div. I. The Introductory Series, which comprises some of the
best of the mineral specimens, is exhibited in the
first four window-cases (I— IV) of the Gallery.
The specimens have been selected, arranged and
labelled, to serve as an Introduction to the Study of
Minerals.

Div. II. The Systematic Collection. — The finest and the most
instructive specimens of the Systematic Collection
are exhibited in forty -one table-cases (1-41) in the
Gallery ; most of the remaining specimens are in
the drawers of the table-cases and wall-cases of
the Gallery and Pavilion. Many of those speci-
mens which are too large to be exhibited in the
positions proper to them as members of series are
exhibited in the lower parts of the table-cases of
the Gallery, or are mounted on separate tables or
pedestals, and are then adjacent to the corre-
sponding specimens of smaller size ; but most of
the finer large specimens are brought together as
a special collection and are exhibited in the wall-
cases (H, J, K) of the Pavilion.

A complete list of the mineral species and varieties repre-
sented in the Collection, with a reference to the location of the
specimens in the Gallery, is published under the title of The
Student's Index to the Collection of Minerals.

VOL. I. 2 A

354 Minerals.

The following collections are auxiliary to the Systematic
Collection : —

la. A series of Isolated Crystals and Models of Crystals,
illustrative of crystalline form ; part is exhibited in two
wall-cases (D, E) of the Gallery.

16. A series of Slices of Crystals prepared for examination
by transmitted polarised light; they are preserved in
the drawers of a special cabinet.

Some of the crystals and slices of crystals are those of
native products (minerals) ; others are those of illustrative
products in the formation of which human action has
intervened, and which are therefore generally called
"artificial."

2. A collection of Pseudomorphs ; the best and most instruc-

tive specimens are exhibited in three table-cases (44, 45,
46) in the Pavilion ; the remaining specimens are in the
drawers of those cases.

3. A series of specimens illustrative of the Forms of Silica,

arranged and described in 1884 by Professor John
lluskin ; exhibited in table-case 47 in the Pavilion.

4. A collection of Enclosures, illustrating the enclosure of

one mineral by another ; exhibited in a portion of table-
case 42 in the Gallery.

5. A small set of so-called " Artificial Products " identical in

their essential characters with, or closely allied to, recog-
nised mineral species ; some are exhibited in a portion
of table-case 42 in the Gallery.

6. A collection of polished slabs of Ornamental Stones ;

exhibited in a wall-case (A) of the Corridor, near the
entrance to the Gallery.

7. The most interesting of the Recent Accessions are kept

together for a time, and before being incorporated with
the Collection are exhibited in table-case 43 in the
Gallery.

It may be added that mineral species are defined, not by
means of type-specimens, but by means of numerical quantities
which specify the crystalline form and chemical composition of
the substance; figures of actual mineral specimens have thus
little or no classificatory value and are rarely published.

Minerals. 355

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST (1753-1903) REFERRING TO
SERIES A. — MINERALS.

1753.

Of the four collections which in 1753 were brought together
to form the British Museum, only one, that of Sir Hans Sloane,
Bart., F.R.S. [1660-1753], of London, contained natural history
specimens. In the year 1687, Sir Hans (then Dr.) Sloane had
sailed to the West Indies as physician to the Governor of
Jamaica (the Duke of Albemarle), and during his fifteen months'
stay there had collected natural history specimens, more especially
plants. Evelyn's Diary records a visit made to this collection on
April 16, 1691. Later, in 1702, he inherited the miscellaneous
collections which had been gathered together by his friend,
Mr. William Courten [1642-1702], of London, long known as
Mr. Charlton (or Charleton). During his long residence and
travels on the Continent, Mr. Courten, a grandson of the first
Earl of Bridgewater, had availed himself of his opportunities for
obtaining remarkable specimens ; according to Evelyn's Diary,
the collection was, in 1686, so extensive as to occupy ten rooms
of the Middle Temple, and the museum was then a place of
frequent and fashionable resort. Sir Hans Sloane was Secretary
of the Royal Society for nineteen years [1693-1712], and
President for fourteen years [1727-1741]; like Mr. Courten,
he had many opportunities of becoming acquainted with, and
acquiring, natural products of special interest. In 1718, on the
death of Mr. James Petiver [1658-1718], of London, Sir Hans
Sloane purchased the extensive natural history collections which
had been formed by that indefatigable naturalist. In 1748, the
Sloane Museum, at that time in the Manor House, Chelsea, was
of such importance that it was honoured by a visit from the
Prince and Princess of Wales ; the Prince, on leaving, is reported
to have expressed to Sir Hans Sloane the opinion that it would
conduce to the benefit of Learning, and redound to the great
honour of Britain, if the grand collection could be established
for public use.

The Sloane mineral specimens, however good they may have

2 A 2

356 Minerals.

been for the time in which they were collected, were later
replaced by others which better illustrated the characters of
minerals. Neither Mr. Courten nor Sir Hans Sloane had made
a special study of minerals ; in their time the interest of a
mineral specimen was generally limited to the yield of valuable
metal or to the utility as an ornamental stone. For it was not
till twenty years after the death of Sir Hans Sloane that crystal-
line form was discovered to be a specific character of unorganised
matter ; till then, attention had rarely been paid, in the collecting
of mineral specimens, either to excellence of crystalline develop-
ment or to variety of crystalline form. Further, oxygen being
still undiscovered, chemistry had not yet entered upon its
modern phase. The sharp definition of mineral species and their
scientific arrangement were alike impossible.

The point to which mineralogy had attained during the life-
time of Sir Hans Sloane himself is well illustrated by the scheme
of classification adopted for the mineral section of his manuscript
catalogue, the making of which was begun in the early years of
the eighteenth century, and was continued till his death. The
minerals were distributed into the following classes : (1) Precious
Stones ; (2) Metals ; (3) Ambers, Bitumens, Ambergris, &c.
(including Sulphur) ; (4) Salts, Earths, Clays ; (5) Talcs, Micas ;
(6) Crystals; (7) Flints, Fossils, &c. The assignation of the
specimens to these classes was very imperfect, and there was
much overlapping; that of Precious Stones, for example,
included Bristol Stones, Agates, Touchstone, Loadstone, many
Flints, and also Stones of Curious Shapes. In the will of Sir
Hans Sloane it was expressly stated that the catalogue had
been prepared in great haste. The total number of entries in
the mineral section, which occupies three volumes, is 8649.
Other volumes contain an elaborate set of indexes.

Most of the Sloane specimens now preserved in the Collection
are worked articles (cups, bowls, boxes, knife-handles, &c.) of
agate, jasper, rock-crystal, and other varieties of quartz. Mention
may also be made of faceted pebbles of amethyst and aquamarine
from India, a cut turquoise, two specimens of amber, and the first
described specimen of columbite.

1758.

A mocha-stone, set in an enamelled ring : presented by the
Duke of Noja.

Minerals. 357

1765.

A polished, oval slab of brown and yellow jasper : presented
by the Earl of Exeter.

1777.

Two large, polished slabs of labradorite, showing change of
colour on change of incidence of the light ; from Nain, Labrador :
presented by the Rev. Benjamin La Trobe.

1782.

Malachite from China : presented by Mr. John Duncan.

1790.

Atacamite (" copper sand ") from Atacama, Chili : presented
by the Abbe Rochon.

1797.

Two mamillary masses and a polished slab of malachite ;
from the Urals : presented by the Rev. Robert Nares, F.R.S.

1799.

Owing to the smallness of the income of the Trust, there was
little money available for the purchase of specimens of any kind,
natural or artificial, and in fact no purchases of minerals were
made between 1753 and 1799. In the meantime the science of
mineralogy had made immense progress ; more especially, the
importance of crystalline form as a character of minerals had
received general recognition. Further, there had been great
activity in the principal mining districts of Great Britain, such
as Cornwall, Derbyshire and Lanarkshire. Splendid specimens
had been obtained from the English and Scotch mines, and yet
the minerals were scarcely represented in the National Collection.
Under these circumstances the Trustees, notwithstanding the
poverty of the Trust, seized an opportunity offered to them, and,
acting on a report made to them by the Rt. Hon. Charles
Greville, F.R.S., Mr. Philip Rashleigh, and the Rt. Hon. Sir
Joseph Banks, F.R.S., purchased the mineral collection of Mr.
Charles Hatchett, F.R.S. [1765-1847], of London, still remem-
bered by chemists for his discovery of the metal to which lie

358 Minerals.

gave the name columbium. The collection, which consisted of
nearly 7,000 specimens, mostly small, was particularly useful in
its representation of British minerals. Further, Mr. Hatchett,
in the course of his travels on the Continent and by means of
correspondence, had obtained many good illustrations of foreign
minerals. From Count Apollos de Moussin Poushkin, for
example, he had received a large number of Russian specimens,
a manuscript list of which is preserved in the Department.

In the same year, 1799, on the death of the Rev. Clayton
Mordaunt Cracherode, F.R.S. [1730-1799], of London, who had
been elected a Trustee of the Museum in 1784, a fine collection
of books, prints, coins, medals, gems, minerals and shells came
to the Trustees by bequest. The mineral specimens were many
of them choice examples ; as may be estimated from the fact
that, though only 838 in number, their cost to the collector
was nearly twice as much as was paid by the Trustees for
the far more extensive collection which had been formed by
Mr. Hatchett. There is a detailed manuscript catalogue of the
collection. Special mention may be made of : — polished slabs of
labradorite and lapis lazuli ; crystallised specimens of blende,
tetrahedrite, argentite, pyrargyrite and heulandite.

1800.

Iron-pyrites with blende, copper-pyrites, pearl-spar, calcite
and quartz, all crystallised ; from Chili : presented by Mr.
Archibald Menzies.

1807.

A crystal of boracite, in gypsum, from Luneburg, Hanover :
presented by Mr. Joseph Planta, F.R.S.

1809.

189 specimens of Peruvian minerals, chiefly ores; a manu-
script list of them, received at the same time, is preserved in the
Department : presented by Lord Grenville.

1810.

The Rt. Hon. Charles Greville, P.C., F.R.S. [1749-1809], of
London, son of the Earl of Warwick and nephew of Sir William
Hamilton, died intestate in the year 1809, and it became

Minerals. 359

necessary to realise his property for division among his next-of-
kin. The property included a collection of minerals which he
had been forming for more than 30 years, and had arranged in
his house at Paddington Green. Its nucleus was the collection
of Baron Ignaz von Born [1742-1791], of Prague, described by
Baron Born in the Lithophylacium Bornianum, and purchased from
him by Mr. Greville before the second part of that catalogue
was published [1775]. To this was probably added the collection
of the Marchese Ippolito Durazzo [1754-1818], mineralogist and
afterwards botanist, of Genoa; of this collection an undated
manuscript Latin catalogue is preserved in the Department ; the
epoch of formation of the collection and catalogue is roughly
indicated by the system of classification, which was the one
published by A. F. Cronstedt in 1758. Count de Bournon, long
a political refugee from his own estates and country, obtained
employment in connection with several mineral collections in
England, one of them being that of Mr. Charles Greville. He
was occupied with its arrangement from 1794 to 1806, and
during the same interval of time gave advice as regards further
acquisitions. The Greville collection eventually became the
finest assemblage of minerals which had been seen in England,
and was declared by English mineralogists and Count de Bournon
in 1810 to be in most parts equal, and in many parts superior,
to the best Continental collections. A sum of money was
specially voted by Parliament for the purchase of the collection,
numbering about 14,800 specimens, for the British Museum.
The faceted precious stones of Mi. Greville did not form part of
this purchase, but had been disposed of separately : but the
precious stones in their native condition were well represented
in the collection ; there were fine series of crystallised diamond,
ruby, sapphire, emerald, topaz and rubellite.

More especially may be mentioned the following : —
Rubellite : the largest and most remarkable crystal, or
parallel growth of crystals, in this and probably in any
other collection. It was given by the King of Ava to
Colonel (then Major) Michael Symes when the latter was
on an Embassy to that country in 1795.
Corundum : a rough deeply worn piece which had long been

used in a family of Indian lapidaries.
Atacamite : crystallised ; from South America.
Datolite from Arendal, Norway.
Euclase : an isolated crystal from Minas Geraes.

360 Minerals.

Aragonite : a unique group of large crystals from the

neighbourhood of Glasgow.
Calcite : a group of twinned and simple crystals from

Derbyshire.
Cromfordite : two very fine crystallised specimens, of extreme

rarity, and, until 1851, the best that were known : from

Derbyshire.
Apatite : a group of extremely fine, large crystals from

Russia. This occurrence appears to be represented in

Russian collections by only two, rather smaller, specimens.

Various volcanic minerals from Guadaloupe, West Indies ;
an amber necklace, supposed to be of Roman workmanship,
found in Lincolnshire : presented by Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.
F.R.S.

1811.

Chrysoberyl from Greenfield, New York : presented by
Prof. Archibald Bruce.

Copalite (" Highgate resin ") from Highgate, Middlesex :
presented by Mr. Snow.

Platinum from South America : presented by Mr. F. Bauer.

1812.

A specimen of surturbrand (lignite) from Iceland : presented
by Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., F.R.S.

1813.

A small nugget of gold, weighing 57 grains (3 '69 grams),
from County Wick low : presented by Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.,
F.R.S.

1814.

Silver in calcite, from Peru : presented by Don Hipolito
Unanue.

1815.

Iridosmine with platinum, gold and magnetite, from the
Urals : presented by Dr. W. H. Wollaston, F.R.S.

The library and the Natural History collections of Baron
K. E. von Moll [1760-1838], of Salzburg and Munich, were
purchased ; many minerals of great scarcity and beauty, especially
from Salzburg and Tyrol, were thus added to the Collection.

Minerals. 361

1816.

The collection of Baron F. C. von Beroldingen [1740-1798],
of Hanover and the Palatinate, was purchased in 1816, many
years after his death, from his nephew Count J. I. von Beroldingen,
the Wiirtemberg Minister in London : the specimens, about 14,000
in number, are small in size and of mediocre quality, but had at
the time of acquisition a certain amount of interest by reason of
their localities, or as illustrating the ideas developed by the
collector in his published works — more especially his " Bemerk-
ungen auf einer Heise durch die Pfalzisclien und Zweybruclcschen
Quecksilber-BergwerJce" published in 1788. A manuscript German
catalogue in two volumes is preserved in the Department.

1817.

Berzelianite, yttrocerite, and other recently-discovered Swedish
minerals : presented by Professor J. J. Berzelius.

Yttrotantalite from Sweden : presented by Sir Joseph Banks,
Bart., F.R.S.

Wavellite from Devonshire : presented by Dr. William
Wavell.

1818.

Amber, graphite, and other minerals from Greenland: pre-
sented by Captain (afterwards Sir) Edward Sabine, F.R.S.

A waterworn mass of copper, brought by Mr. Samuel Hearne
from a spot 29 or 30 miles S.S.E. of the mouth of the Coppermine
river, British North America, in 1771 : presented by the Hudson
Bay Company.

Melilite, and other Vesuvian minerals: presented by Earl
Compton (afterwards Marquess of Northampton).

1819.

Three specimens of ilvaite from Elba : presented by Mr.
Marry at.

1820.

Calcite and copper-pyrites from the Ecton mine, Staffordshire :
presented by the Duke of Devonshire.

Several specimens of graphite, showing the mineral in different
kinds of matrix, from Borrowdale, Cumberland : presented by
Mr. Henry Banks.

362 Minerals.

1821.

Hatchettite from Merthyr Tydvil, S. Wales : presented by
Mr. Charles Hatchett, F.R.S.

1822.

Silver in calcite, from Chili : presented by Mr. Alexander
Caldcleugh.

Two polished slabs of jadeite from China : presented by
Sir Abraham Hume, Bart.

1823.

Aragonite from Buckfastleigh, Devonshire : presented by
Prof. William Buckland, F.R.S.

A large collection of Vesuvian products, upwards of 2000 in
number, brought together by Dr. Teodoro Monticelli [1759-1846],
for many years Professor of Chemistry at Naples, was purchased
in 1823; the results of the study of these products are given in
Monticelli and Covelli's Prodromo della Mineralogia Vesuviana,
1825. A manuscript list of the specimens of the collection, in
the handwriting of Prof. N. Covelli, is preserved in the Depart-
ment. Many of the best specimens of crystallised Vesuvian
minerals now in the Museum came as part of the Monticelli
collection.

1824.

Gold with aikinite, in quartz, from Beresovsk, Urals : presented
by Mr. J. M. Raikes.

1825.

Brilliant, greenish-yellow crystals of pyromorphite on the
matrix, from Wheal Alfred, Cornwall : presented by Mr. J.
Taylor, F.R.S.

A series of cut and polished precious and other ornamental
stones, in which class of material the Museum Collection was
then very deficient, was purchased from Mr. H. C. G. von Struve
[1772-1851], at the time when he was Russian Minister-Resident
at Hamburg. The specimens, which numbered about 300, in-
cluded two large star-sapphires, weighing 88 and 30 carats
(nearly 18 and 6 grams) respectively, and also specimens of ruby,
topaz, hyacinth, chrysolite, chrysoprase, cat's-eye, precious opal,
carnelian, chalcedony, onyx, amethyst, rock-crystal with mineral
enclosures, and amber.

Minerals. 363

1826.

Zeolites, opal, &c., from the Faroe Islands : presented by Sir
Walter C. Trevelyan, Bart.

Boracite from Liineburg : presented by Captain W. Miiller.

1827.

Hatchettite from Merthyr Tydvil, S. Wales: presented by
Mr. Hill.

Minerals from Ceylon : presented by the Rev. George
D'Oyley, D.D.

1828.

A collection of choice specimens from the Harz Mountains,
the large groups of crystals of calcite and of pyrargyrite being
especially fine : presented by His Majesty King George the
Fourth.

1829.

Garnet, magnetite and tourmaline, from Haytor, Devonshire :
presented by Mr. Shirley Woolmer.

Native gold from Beresovsk, Urals, and some other Russian
minerals : purchased.

1830.

Staurolite from Brittany ; kermesite from Saxony ; epidote
from Norway : purchased.

1831.

Malachite from Linares, Spain : presented by Captain
S. E. Cook (afterwards Widdrington), R.N., F.R.S.

Topaz from Brazil ; rhodochrosite from Saxony ; chessylite
from Chessy, France ; apatite from St. Gotthard : purchased.

1832.

Childrenite from Crinnis mine, Cornwall : presented by
Mr. T. H. Holdsworth.

Haematite on lava from Vesuvius : presented by the Marquess
of Northampton.

Scorodite on limonite from Antonio Pereira, Ouro Preto,
Brazil : purchased.

A large crystal of rose-coloured corundum from St. Gotthard :
purchased.

364 Minerals.

1833.

Turquoise from Persia : presented by Sir Gore Ouseley, Bart.

Worked articles of agate and heliotrope : presented by Lady
Frances Trail.

Two faceted green tourmalines : purchased.

A suite of specimens of alluvial and other gold, brought
together by Captain G. F. Lyon, R.N., during his stay in the
principal gold districts of Brazil : purchased.

1834.

A very large mass of aluminite from Newhaven, Sussex :
presented by Dr. G. Mantell, F.R.S.

After the death, in 1832, of the Dowager Countess of Ayles-
ford, her extensive collection of minerals came into the possession
of Mr. Henry Heuland [1777 ?— 1856], mineral dealer of London,
from whom many choice specimens selected from the Aylesford
collection were purchased by the Trustees in 1834 : the two-
volume manuscript catalogue of this collection is now preserved
in the Department. At various times other fine specimens
were purchased from Mr. Heuland, particularly from his private
collection.

1835.

Diallage, cuprite, and other minerals from Cornwall : presented
by Mr. Ashurst Majendie.

Chessylite from Chessy, France : purchased.
Native copper from the Bank mines, Siberia : purchased.
Amethyst from Porcura, Transylvania : purchased.
Native gold from Sweden and Transylvania : purchased.

1836.

Well crystallised specimens of cerussite, calamine (large green
rhombohedra from Chessy), beryl, mimetite, gold, argentite,
rutile, barytes, idocrase, apatite, and fluor : presented by Mr.
R. Simmons, F.R.S.

Large crystals of sulphur on the matrix ; from Conil, Cadiz,
Spain : purchased.

Minerals. 365

1837.

Total acquisitions 378,* including : —

Magnesite, and other minerals from India : presented by
Dr. P. M. Benza.

Gold, diamond, and other minerals from Brazil : presented by
Dr. Jose Estevao Cliffe.

Apatite from St. Gotthard and Ehrenfriedersdorf ; rhodo-
chrosite from Schneeberg, Saxony ; copper-glance from Cornwall ;
chessylite : purchased.

1838.

Total acquisitions 250, including : — •

Twenty-four Sicilian ambers : presented by Mr. G. Gravine.

Witherites from Northumberland : presented by Mr. Robert
Stokoe and Mr. Benjamin Leadbeater.

A large mass of crystallised pyromorphite, of a rich green
colour, from Hofsgrund, Baden : purchased.

A large twin crystal of quartz (rock-crystal), grouped with
simple crystals on the matrix, from La Gardette, Dep. Isere,
France : purchased.

1839.

Total acquisitions 194, including : —

A series of Egyptian minerals and ores : presented by Sir
J. Gardner Wilkinson, F.R.S.

A very large dodecahedral crystal of almandine, from
Fahlun, Sweden : purchased.

Various American minerals : purchased.

Native silver, from Norway : purchased.

1840.

Total acquisitions 183, including : —

Crystallised vivianite in the interior of an Irish deer's tooth,
from Ireland : presented by Sir Philip de M. G. Egerton, Bart.,
F.R.S.

A crystal of diamond in the matrix, from Brazil : purchased.

* The General Register of the new acquisitions for the Museum was
begun in 1837.

366 Minerals.

1841.

Total acquisitions 158, including: —

A cup made of jadeite : presented by Lieut. -Col. H. Burney,
to whom it had been given by the King of Ava.

Crystallised native silver from Kongsberg, Norway : purchased.

Faceted stones (diamond, ruby, cymophane, sapphire, zircon,
topaz and dichroite) : purchased.

Euclase, ilmenite, magnetite and topaz, from Brazil : pur-
chased.

Group of crystals of black tourmaline and white apatite
from Bovey Tracey, Devonshire : purchased.

1842.

Total acquisitions 209, including : —

Harmotome, strontianite, &c., from Strontian : presented by
Sir Robert H. Inglis, Bart., F.R.S.

Tscheffkinite from the Ilmen Mountains, Russia : presented
by Mr. H. Christie.

Various minerals and rocks, from India : presented by
Dr. P. M. Benza.

Indian idol, carved in sapphire : purchased.

1843.

Total acquisitions 126, including : —

Carnelian, jasper and chalcedony, from India : presented by
Mr. S. Law.

Mispickel, allanite and gadolinite, from Norway : presented
by Prof. B. M. Keilhau and Prof. T. Scheerer.

Fine crystals of linarite on the matrix, from Roughten Gill,
Caldbeck, Cumberland : purchased.

1844.

Total acquisitions 205, including : —

Three specimens of greenockite : presented by the Earl of
Cathcart.

A table with stand, made of cannel coal from the Wemyss
mine, Fifeshire : purchased.

Two isolated crystals of euclase from Brazil : purchased.

Greenish-yellow serpentine pseudomorphous after large crystals
of olivine ; from Snarum, Norway : purchased.

Minerals. 367

1845.

Total acquisitions 93, including : —

A large specimen of beekite from Devonshire : presented by
the Marquess of Northampton.

Mellite, a group of crystals on lignite from Thuringia :
presented by the Earl of Aylesford.

A large crystal of apatite from Hammond, New York :
purchased.

A group of pseudomorphous crystals (haytorite), from Haytor
mine, Dartmoor, Devonshire : purchased.

1846.

Total acquisitions 238, including : —

A group of pale flesh-red rhombohedra of chabazite (acadialite)
on the matrix, and a group of brick-red rhombohedra of chabazite
with stilbite in a rock-cavity ; both from Wasson's Bluff, Bay
of Fundy, Nova Scotia : presented by Mr. W. G. Lettsom.

1847.

Total acquisitions 333, including : —

An enormous group of large, colourless, prismatic crystals of
gypsum from Reinhardsbrunn, Gotha, Germany : presented by
H.R.H. the Prince Consort.

About 100 specimens of amber from the Prussian coast, many
of them enclosing insects : purchased.

A very pretty specimen of chalybite, pseudomorphous after
fluor, consisting of a hollow cube of chalybite, in the centre of
which is a mound of tarnished copper-pyrites surmounted by
divergent prisms of white quartz ; from Virtuous Lady mine,
Tavistock, Devonshire : purchased.

1848.

Total acquisitions 186, including: —

About 120 mineral specimens bequeathed by Mrs. Ann
Tattenall.

1849.

Total acquisitions 189, including : —

Calcite — a large group of small, yellowish, acute rhom-
bohedra grouped in twin position ; from Bermuda : presented by
Mr. Thomas Baring.

368 Minerals.

1850.

Total acquisitions 240, including : —

Two groups of dark-green crystals of epidote on the matrix,
from Traversella, Piedmont, Italy : presented by Mr. W. G.
Lettsom.

Two specimens of fluor (" The Couttet rose-fluors ") from
Switzerland : presented by Prof. John Ruskin.

A fine group of pink crystals of apophyllite from Samson
mine, Andreasberg, Harz : presented by the Marquess of
Northampton.

Sixty-two crystals of diamond : purchased.

Spodumene, a large crystal, from Chesterfield, Massachusetts :

1851.

Total acquisitions 167, including : —

A very large group of crystals of galena, with rhombohedra
of calcite and some blende, from Great Laxey mine, Isle of Man :
presented by the Proprietors of the mine.

Graphite, a mass weighing 32 Ib. (14| kilograms) : presented
by Messrs. Pilcher and Sons.

1852.

Total acquisitions 62, including : —

A small gold nugget, weighing 516 grains (33 '4 grams), from
Queen Charlotte's Island, British Columbia : purchased.

1853.

Total acquisitions 67, including : —

A group of crystals of witherite from Fallowfield mine,
Hexham, Northumberland : purchased.

1854.

Total acquisitions 73, including : —

Several crystals of parisite from Muso, Colombia : presented
by Mr. E. W. Marks.

A colourless, transparent, waterworn mass, weighing 12 Ib.
13 oz. (5 '81 2 kilograms), of topaz with cleavage-surfaces,

Minerals. 369

probably from Ceylon ; before being recognized to be topaz, it
had for some time been in use as a door-weight in Fleet Street,
London : purchased.

A large specimen of chessylite, encrusted with large crystals ;
from Chessy, Dep. du Rhone, France : purchased.

1855.

Total acquisitions 163, including: —

Jade from New Zealand : presented by Sir George Grey,
K.C.B.

Greenland minerals, including fine columbites : presented by
Mr. J. W. Tayler.

1856.

Total acquisitions 200, including : —

A large prismatic crystal of quartz, with sharply defined
negative crystals and a large cavity enclosing liquid and a bubble :
purchased.

1857.

Total acquisitions 112, including : —

Specimens of jarrowite : presented by Prof. Richard Owen,
F.R.S., and Mr. J. Hodgson.

Argentite from Freiberg, Saxony : purchased.

1858.

Total acquisitions 723, including: —

Zeolites, and other minerals from Scotland and the Faroe
Islands : presented by Mr. P. Dudgeon.

The "Latrobe" gold nugget, well crystallised in cubes and
weighing 23 oz. Troy (717 grams) ; from Mclvor Mount, Victoria ;
raised May 1st, 1853, in the presence of His Excellency C. J.
Latrobe, the Governor of the Colony : purchased.

Brilliant crystals of heulandite encrusting the matrix ; from
Beruf jord, Iceland : purchased.

A group of large, black octahedra of spinel, with crystals of
cliopside, phlogopite and calcite; from Amity, Orange County,
New York : purchased.

A series of silver-bearing minerals from Chili : purchased.

370 Minerals.

1859.

Total acquisitions 3185, including : —

A magnificent group of white and colourless, lamellar crystals
of cerussite, many of them twinned ; from Logylas mine,
Aberystwith, Cardiganshire : presented by Mr. J. Taylor, F.R.S.

Orthite from Hittero : presented by Mr. R. P. Greg.

Brilliant twinned crystals of bournonite on crystals of
quartz, a large specimen ; from Herodsfoot mine, Liskeard,
Cornwall : purchased.

A large series of crystals, 2624 in number, brought together
by Dr. A. Krantz [1809-1872] of Berlin and (after 1850)
Bonn ; it contained specimens of very rare minerals such as
euclase and wagnerite, and was rich in series of felspars, hemi-
morphite, augite, chrysolite, beryl, phenakite, sapphire, zircon :
purchased.

1860.

Total acquisitions 9944, including : —

An extensive series of beautifully crystallised zeolites (apo-
phyllite, stilbite, scolecite, &c.), frequently aggregated together
to form very large groups ; from the railway cuttings in the
Syhadree Mountains, Bombay : presented in 1860 and 1861
by Mr. James Berkley, Chief Engineer of the Great Indian
Peninsula Railway.

Sloanite, larderellite, caporcianite, and other minerals from
Italy : presented by Cavaliere Sloane.

The Allan-Greg Collection, consisting of about 9000 speci-
mens : purchased. Its formation had been begun by Mr. Thomas
Allan, F.R.S. [1777-1833], of Edinburgh, and it included a set of
Greenland minerals, brought together by Mr. Charles Giesecke
during seven years' residence in that country ; some of the
Greenland specimens were purchased about the year 1808.
In the enrichment of the collection and in its arrangement
Mr. Allan was much assisted by Dr. (afterwards Prof.) Wilhelm
von Haidinger, more especially while the latter was resident
in Edinburgh [1823-1826]; much of the material referred
to in Haidinger's earlier papers belonged to the Allan Collec-
tion. After Mr. Allan's death the collection was purchased
by Mr. R. H. Greg ; and, still later, it was added to by his son,
Mr. Robert P. Greg, then of Norclifie Hall, near Manchester.
The chief value of the collection to the British Museum consisted

Minerals. 371

in its magnificent series of British minerals, of which, if the
Cornish minerals be excepted, it was the finest collection known ;
the Manual of the Mineralogy of Great Britain and Ireland, by
R. P. Greg and W. G. Lettsom, published in 1858, was based
on that material. The collection was also peculiarly rich in
Norwegian minerals, and the series of chessylite and idocrase
were extraordinarily good. The specimens had been catalogued
and numbered before the collection was purchased by the
Trustees.

A series of Italian minerals : purchased.

A large mass of native copper from Lake Superior : purchased.

A selection of specimens from the collection of Prof. Nuttall,
including a very fine group of crystals of kyanite from Massa-
chusetts : purchased.

1861.

Total acquisitions 1472, including: — •

Eudialyte, sapphirine and allanite from Greenland : presented
by Mr. J. W. Tayler.

Forty specimens of zeolites from Nova Scotia : presented by
Dr. A. C. Cogswell.

A series of specimens from the Campbell collection. In 1861,
on the death of Mr. James R. Campbell, of Cheltenham, the
Trustees were permitted to make a selection from the well-chosen
specimens, upwards of 3000 in number, which had been brought
together by him ; as a result nearly 500 specimens were pur-
chased in this and the following year, and further, three remark-
able specimens were presented by his widow ; one of the latter
being a radiating group of crystals of erythrite, of a rich crimson
colour, on a matrix of crystallised quartz, from Schneeberg in
Saxony.

Very large crystals of rutile from Lincoln County, Georgia :
purchased.

Two hundred specimens from the collection of Mr. William
Nevill : purchased.

A large group of twinned prismatic crystals of calcite, with
smaller acicular crystals, on the matrix, from Wheal Wrey,
Liskeard, Cornwall : purchased.

A group of large, opaque, ash-grey crystals of spodumene in
quartz, from Huntington, Massachusetts : purchased.

A polished sphere of perfectly clear and flawless quartz
(rock-crystal), from Japan : purchased

2 B 2

372 Minerals.

1862.

Total acquisitions 1074, including : —

Numerous so-called artificial crystals, prepared by Dr. Carl
von Hauer, of Vienna, and shown in the Austrian Court of the
Exhibition which was held in London in the year 1862 : pre-
sented in the same year.

A series of specimens of turquoise from Wadi Maghara,
Arabia Petrsea : presented by Major C. Macdonald.

A sharply developed, perfectly transparent and colourless,
cube of salt (halite) on the matrix, from Wieliczka, Galicia,
Austria : presented by the Austrian Government.

A large mass of green turquoise with smooth, round surfaces,
and a large crystal of ruby spinel : purchased.

Fine crystals of dioptase on the matrix, from Kirghiz Steppes,
Siberia : purchased.

1863.

Total acquisitions 595, including : —

Specimens of chalcedonic minerals from Uruguay : presented
by Mr. W. G. Lettsom.

A very large, water-worn and polished mass of jade, weighing
1156 Ib. (524 kilograms), from Battugol, Irkutsk, Siberia :
purchased.

A group of large cubes of fluor of a bluish-green colour, with
zonal bands of colour ; some faces are partly coated with
pyrites ; from Menheniot mines, Cornwall : purchased.

1864.

Total acquisitions 617, including : —

A large mass of graphite from the Alibert mine, near
Battugol, Irkutsk, and other Siberian specimens : presented by
Mr. Iv. P. Alibert.

A twinned crystal of Iceland spar, bounded by numerous
faces, and weighing about 3 cwt. (150 kilograms) : purchased.

A group of large cubes of greenish fluor, some faces being
encrusted with crystals of calcite ; from Menheniot mines, Corn-
wall : purchased.

A group of twinned cubes of argentite; [this specimen,
having been protected from the light, has retained its bright
lustre] ; from Himmelfahrt mine, Freiberg, Saxony : purchased.

Minerals. 373

1865.

Total acquisitions 3620, including : —

Several fine large specimens : — a polished mass of Iceland spar ;
harmotome f rom Strontian; chessy lite from Chessy; along branch
of crystallised native copper from Lake Superior ; celestite from
Sicily : presented by Prof. John Ruskin.

A collection (about 3250 specimens) formed by General
N. I. Koksharov [1818-1893], of St. Petersburg. This purchase
enriched the Museum with an admirable series of Russian,
and, in particular, of Siberian minerals, the finest specimens of
which are rarely offered for sale beyond the borders of the
Russian Empire. The collection had served as material for the
valuable series of Memoirs published by General Koksharov
under the title of Materialien zur Mineralogie Russlands [1853-
1891]. The collector, being at the same time Director of the
Mining School at St. Petersburg, had exceptional opportunities
afforded to him. Worthy of special mention are : — several large
crystals of phenakite, isolated or in the matrix, from the emerald
mines, Ekaterinburg, Urals; and a suite of six magnificent,
isolated crystals of topaz, smoky brown in colour and transparent,
from the Urulga river, Nertschinsk, Transbaikal. Other species
well represented are alexandrite, euclase, emerald, tourmaline,
perofskite, idocrase, columbite, crocoite and apatite.

1866.

Total acquisitions 668, including : —

Small, yellowish-green, acicular crystals of pyromorphite,
thickly encrusting the matrix ; from Roughten Gill, Caldbeck,
Cumberland : by exchange.

A large specimen of pharmacosiderite with numerous crystals ;
from Redruth, Cornwall : purchased.

Rhombohedra of lilac-blue calcite, certain faces being en-
crusted with quartz crystals ; from Tankerville mine, Shelve,
Shropshire : purchased.

Gold ores from Borneo : purchased.

1867.

Total acquisitions 778, including : —

A large octahedron, with artificially polished faces and rounded
edges, of ruby spinel, from Ava, Burma : purchased.

374 Minerals.

Fine crystallised specimens of barytocalcite, from Alston,
Cumberland : purchased.

Two large faceted phenakites, perfectly clear and colourless,
and other specimens of cut gem-stones from Russia : by purchase
and exchange.

1868.

Total acquisitions 690, including : —

A large mass of salt (halite) with a reddish tinge, crystallised
in cubes on the surface ; from Salt Range, Punjab, India : pre-
sented by Mr. E. L. Brandreth.

Beryl, a large faceted " aquamarine," from Siberia : purchased.

Groups of very large twinned crystals of bournonite, from
Cornwall : purchased.

140 specimens of minerals, chiefly Scotch : purchased.

1869.

Total acquisitions 624, including : —

A remarkable parallel growth of crystals of rubellite, of A
deep colour from Ava : presented by Mr. C. S. J. L. Guthrie.

A nugget of platinum, weighing 1350 grains (87 '5 grams),
from Nijni-Tagilsk, Urals- presented by H.I.H. the Duke of
Leuchtenberg.

A very large mass of brown crystals of pyromorphite, on the
matrix, from Braubach, Nassau : purchased.

Collection of specimens of native gold from Wales :
purchased.

About one hundred specimens of Swedish and Norwegian
minerals : purchased.

A very large crystal of black quartz, from Tiefen Glacier,
Switzerland : purchased.

Pine, isolated crystals of epidote, from Knappenwand, Unter-
sulzbachthal, Salzburg : by purchase and exchange.

1870.

Total acquisitions 548, including : —

Crystals of sapphire and zircon, from Siarn : presented by
Mr. Henry Alabaster.

A nugget of native gold, weighing 1 oz. 145 • 5 grs. Troy (40 ' 53
grams), from the washings at Helmsdale, Sutherland : purchased.

Fine calcites, fluellites, and other minerals, from Cornwall :
purchased.

Minerals. 375

1871.

Total acquisitions 509, including : —

Childrenite and several other mineral specimens : presented
by Mrs. Atkins from the collection of her father, Mr. J. G.
Children, F.R.S.

Twenty specimens of Iceland spar : purchased.

Amethyst, small hexagonal prisms, with trigonal terminations,
thickly covering the surface of the matrix; from Guanaxuato,
Mexico : purchased.

Olivine — a large faceted peridot, of a rich green colour :
purchased.

A magnificent series of specimens of cuprite, in various forms,
from Cornwall : purchased.

1872.

Total acquisitions 529, including : —

Various Canadian minerals : presented by Prof. H. A.
Nicholson, F.R.S.

A large mass of gold-quartz — portion of a rich quartz-lode;
from San Rafael, Costa Rica : presented by the Monte del
Aquacata Mining Company.

Large crystals of manganite on the matrix, with a little white
barytes, from Ilfeld, Harz : purchased.

Fine crystals of epidote, from Knappenwand, Untersulz-
bachthal, Salzburg : purchased.

1873.

Total acquisitions 1080, including : —

The collection of mineral specimens which had been brought
together by Mr. Richard Bright [1754-1840], of Bristol, and
had been added to by his second son, Mr. Benjamin Heywood
Bright [1787-1843] : it was presented to the Museum by Mr.
Benjamin Bright [ ? -1900], only son of the latter. British
minerals, especially celestite, gothite, agate, &c., from the neigh-
bourhood of Bristol, are well represented ; of foreign minerals,
special mention may be made of red corundum from St. Gotthard,
and large crystals of idocrase from Egg, Norway.

Various American minerals : by exchange.

A very large, dodecahedral crystal of magnetite : purchased.

Diamond crystals, isolated and in the matrix, with a series
of minerals found accompanying them, from the Diamond Fields
of South Africa : purchased.

376 Minerals.

1874.

Total acquisitions 535, including : —

Two large, isolated crystals of parisite from Muso, Colombia :
presented by Mr. Gustav Lehmann.

Wulfenite, friable mass of brilliant, honey-yellow lamellse,
from Tecoma mine, Lucin District, Utah : by exchange.

A large specimen of bromlite, covered with small crystals,
from Bromley Hill, Alston, Cumberland : purchased.

Fine specimens of zeolites from Bombay : purchased.

Seventy specimens, chiefly zeolites, from Bergen Hill, New
Jersey : purchased.

A very large, cavernous and botryoidal, mass of sard from
India : purchased.

1875.

Total acquisitions 585, including : —

A series of specimens of cassiterite from New England,
New South Wales : presented by the Rev. G. F. Wright.

A large nugget of platinum, weighing 3 Ib. 320 grains Troy
(1142-5 grams), from the Urals : purchased.

Minerals from Spain, and gold ores from the Philippines :
purchased.

One hundred specimens of Mexican minerals, including : —
calcite, group of white, sharply defined scalenohedra, from
Valenciana mine, Guanaxuato ; and quartz pseudomorphous after
calcite, from Guanaxuato : purchased.

Quartz, group of prismatic crystals of colourless rock-crystal,
from La Gardette, Isere, France : purchased.

A large, white, opaque crystal of analcite, from Fassathal,
Tyrol : purchased.

A flawless, polished sphere of Iceland spar (calcite) : purchased.

200 specimens of Peruvian minerals : purchased.

1876.

Total acquisitions 598, including : —

Specimens of corundum and associated minerals from North
Carolina and Pennsylvania ; also various other minerals from the
United States : presented by Dr. Joseph Leidy.

Minerals. 37 7

Crystallised specimens of blodite from the Mayo salt mines,
Punjab, India : presented by Dr. H. Warth.

A remarkable specimen of quartz (" cotterite ") with a peculiar
pearly lustre, from Rock Forest, County Cork : presented by
Miss G. E. Cotter.

Large, white, hexagonal prisms of aragonite, on the matrix ;
from Herrengrund, Hungary : by exchange.

An enormous, scalenohedral crystal of calcite (Iceland spar),
partly coated with bunches of stilbite ; the crystal, which is
upwards of two feet (60 centimeters) in length, has been cleaved
and mounted to show the wide separation of the two images
resulting from the double refraction of the mineral ; from
Rodefjord, Iceland : purchased.

Large, parallel group of orthoclase crystals, virtually forming
a single one, with smoky quartz, on graphic granite; from
Alabaschka, Mursinsk, Urals : purchased.

About fifty specimens of Swedish minerals, including large
crystals of pyrosmalite on the matrix : purchased.

1877.

Total acquisitions 905, including : —

A magnificent group of large, transparent, scalenohedral
crystals of proustite, which, having been protected from the
light, have retained both their colour and their transparency ;
from Chanarcillo, Chili : presented by Mr. H. Ludlam.

Thirty specimens, mostly from Brazil ; including quartz,
pyrrhotite and chalybite, from San Juan del Rey mine, Minas
Geraes : presented by the Hon. R. Marsham-Townshend.

About sixty specimens of Spanish minerals : by exchange.

About forty specimens of Vesuvian and Sicilian minerals :
purchased.

About one hundred specimens of Swedish minerals :
purchased.

Fluor, an extremely large mass of "Blue John"; from
Derbyshire : purchased.

Very brilliant, transparent crystals of pale-greenish apatite,
from Knappenwand, Untersulzbachthal, Salzburg ; purchased.

Beryl ("aquamarine"), a long hexagonal prism with basal
plane, transparent, but much flawed, and a group of topaz crystals,
stained yellowish, with smoky quartz ; from Adun-Tschilon,
Nertschinsk, Transbaikal : purchased.

378 Minerals.

1878.

Total acquisitions 417, including : —

Specimens of the newly discovered minerals eosphorite,
triploidite, dickinsonite and lithiophilite ; from Branchville,
Connecticut : presented by Prof. E. S. Dana.

Coquimbite, erythrite, &c., from Chili : presented by Dr.
Joseph Leidy.

A large, pale-coloured, opaque, altered crystal of enstatite
from Bamle, Norway : purchased.

Krennerite from Transylvania : purchased.

A large crystal of yellow corundum from Ceylon : purchased.

A beautiful octahedron of pink fluor on smoky quartz, from
Switzerland : purchased.

1879.

Total acquisitions 395, including : —

Senarmontite, several large colourless octahedra on the
matrix, from Mine d'Hamimad, Constantine, Algeria : presented
oy Prof. A. L. O. L. Des Cloizeaux.

A large series of Indian minerals : transferred from the India
Museum, London.

Sixty-five specimens, mainly zeolites and borates, from Nova
Scotia : purchased.

Films of gold on one face of a large crystalline mass of
bismuth ; from Bolivia : purchased.

Magnetite — very brilliant dodecahedra, on the matrix ; from
Nordmark, Sweden : purchased.

1880.

Total acquisitions 281, including : — .

Bright crystals of columbite from Standish, Maine ; and various
other minerals : presented by Prof. N. Story-Mask elyne, F.R.S.

Various minerals from New Mexico, including turquoise
and gold : presented by Mr. F. M. Arny.

A large, isolated, tabular crystal of apatite, of a pale-violet
colour in one part ; from Schwarzenstein, Zillerthal, Tyrol :
purchased.

A dark-green crystal of enstatite from Bamle, Norway :
purchased.

Minerals. 379

1881.

Total acquisitions 259, including : —

A group of crystals of uranocircite, of a beautiful siskin-green
colour, on the matrix ; from Falkenstein, Saxony : presented by
Prof. A. H. Church, F.R.S.

Crystals of xanthoconite, with clear crystals of proustite ;
from Mina Dolores I., Chaiiarcillo, Chili : purchased.

A large group of sulphur crystals from Girgenti, Sicily : pur-
chased.

Spodumene, a fine faceted " hiddenite," of a rich green colour :
purchased.

A splendid group of large, transparent crystals of barytes,
from Przibram, Bohemia : purchased.

Numerous crystals of tourmaline (rubellite) projecting from
the surface of a block of granite ; from San Piero, Elba :
purchased.

1882.

Total acquisitions 488, including : —

Leadhillite, hemimorphite, &c., from Leadhills and Wanlock-
head; amazon stone from Tongue, Sutherlandshire ; and other
minerals : presented by Mr. Patrick Dudgeon.

Chlorargyrite, native silver, argentopyrite and other minerals,
from Chili : presented by Mr. F. A. Eck.

Chlorargyrite, a large pure mass, from Florida mine, Taltal,
Atacama, Chili : presented by Mr. George Hicks.

A large, colourless, transparent, doubly terminated crystal of
quartz, from Switzerland : presented by Mr. C. S. Bement.

A splendid specimen of coralloidal aragonite (flos ferri) from
Eisenerz, Styria : purchased.

An isolated crystal (a well-developed rhombic dodecahedron)
of lapis lazuli ; from Bokhara : purchased.

A very fine, twinned crystal of copper-pyrites from Freiberg,
Saxony : purchased.

1883.

Total acquisitions 272, including : — -

A very fine crystal of pyrrhotite from Morro Velho, Minas
Geraes, Brazil : presented by Mr. F. Tendron.

A very large crystal of colourless quartz from Madagascar :
purchased.

A group of large, white crystals of adularia from Berg Scopi,
Graubiindten, Switzerland : purchased.

380 Minerals.

Fluorescent amber, cut and polished, from Catania, Sicily
purchased.

1884.

Total acquisitions 535, including : —

Forty gem-stones — ruby, spinel, sapphire, etc., mostly faceted :
presented by Mr. J. Brukowsky.

About fifty specimens of agate and chalcedony : presented by
Prof. John Ruskin.

A very large group of prismatic crystals of stibnite from Mount
Kosang, near Saiyo, Island of Sikok, South Japan : purchased.

Amethyst — many pyramidal crystals encrusting the matrix ;
from Uruguay, South America : purchased.

Fine crystals of emerald from Stony Point, North Carolina :
purchased.

1885.

Total acquisitions 495, including : —

Dawsonite, phlogopite (a large crystal), meneghinite, etc., from
Canada : presented by Dr. B. J. Harrington.

Large, dark, scalenohedral crystals of calcite, enclosing copper-
pyrites ; from Ecton mine, Leek, Staffordshire : presented by the
Proprietors of the mine.

A very large, simple crystal of staurolite from Brittany :
presented by Mr. C. Seidler.

Tetrahedrite crystals, coated with tarnished copper-pyrites, on
the matrix ; from Herodsfoot mine, Cornwall : purchased.

Brilliant crystals of black smoky quartz, on granite ; from
Tavetschthal, Graubiindten, Switzerland : purchased.

1886.

Total acquisitions 568, including : —

Thirty-seven specimens of Indian minerals : presented by
Mr. H. B. Medlicott, F.R.S.

Copper minerals from Mammoth mine, Utah : presented by
Mr. R. Pearce.

A large slab of golden-yellow cat's-eye (quartz) and another
of blue, asbestiform crocidolite, from the Asbestos Mountains,
South Africa : presented by Mr. Sydney Cowper.

Group of green, fluorescent cubes of fluor on the matrix ;
from Weardale, Durham : purchased.

Brilliant, tabular crystals of wulfenite, of a rich vermilion
colour, on the matrix ; from Arizona, U.S.A. : purchased.

Minerals. 381

1887.

Total acquisitions 920, including : —

Several fine large masses of precious opal in the matrix;
from Queensland : presented by Prof. N. Story-Maskelyne, F.R.S.

The " Colenso " diamond, a large yellowish octahedron, with
rounded edges and triangular markings on the faces, weighing
130 carats (27 grams) ; and the " Edwardes" ruby (corundum) :
presented by Prof. John Ruskin.

Several deep-red crystals of almandine, embedded in mica-
schist ; from Fort Wrangell, Alaska : purchased.

Brilliant, greenish-blue crystals of apatite, implanted on large
crystals of orthoclase and quartz, on granite ; from Luxullian,
Cornwall : purchased.

1888.

Total acquisitions 260, including : —

A group of brilliant crystals of apophyllite of a very pale-
purplish shade of colour ; from Guanaxuato, Mexico : purchased.

Five large, isolated, pyramidal crystals of scheelite from
Rothlaue, Gutannen, Switzerland : purchased.

A large group of crystals of witherite from Fallowfield mine,
Hexham, Northumberland : purchased.

A large group of numerous prismatic crystals of calcite, with
one twinned crystal of much larger size, on a matrix of red iron-
ore ; from Egremont, Cumberland : purchased.

1889.

Total acquisitions 402, including : —

A large crystal of black tourmaline, with sharp termination ;
from Madagascar : presented by the Rev. J. Wills.

Various American minerals : presented by Colonel J. Willcox.

An aggregate of large, green cubes of fluor, from Muscolonge
Lake, Jefferson County, New York : purchased.

A selection (58 specimens) of faceted precious stones (sphene,
spinel, sapphire, zircon, etc.), from Mr. J. R. Gregory's collection :
purchased.

1890.

Total acquisitions 586, including : —

Specimens of awaruite (terrestrial nickel-iron) and serpentine,
from New Zealand : presented by Prof. G. H. F. Ulrich.

A fibrolite hatchet from France : presented by Mr. C. Seidler.

382 Minerals.

Asbestos, a mass of long, white fibres, from Valtellina,
Lombardy, Italy : presented by the United Asbestos Company.

A pale-blue, doubly terminated crystal of topaz, from Ala-
baschka, Mursinsk, Perm, Russia: purchased.

1891.

Total acquisitions 458, including : —

A large crystal of .sphene, from Risor, Norway : presented by
Mr. A. L. Collins.

Various minerals from Ceylon, one of which was afterwards
found to be a new species and named baddeleyite : presented by
Mr. J. Baddeley.

A fine, large group of white, prismatic crystals of laumontite,
on the matrix ; from Felso-Csertes, Deva, Hunyad, Transylvania :
purchased.

1892.

Total acquisitions 504, including : —

A large mass of botryoidal malachite from Copper Queen
mine, Bisbee, Arizona : presented by Dr. James Douglas.

Silicified wood, a polished section of a tree trunk; from
Holbrook, Apache County, Arizona : purchased.

A large, isolated, prismatic crystal of diopside from Hull,
Quebec, Canada : purchased.

Small, brilliant crystals of black blende, scattered over
crystallised quartz ; from Alston, Cumberland : purchased.

A very fine group of targe, purple cubes of fluor, the crystals
being in part transparent and showing zonal bands of colour ;
from Weardale, Durham : purchased.

Large cubes of galena on the matrix, with small, curved
rhombohedra of pearl-spar and small crystals of blende and
quartz ; from Alston, Cumberland : purchased.

Clusters of large, brilliant crystals of sulphur on the matrix ;
from Girgenti, Sicily : purchased.

1893.

Total acquisitions 1023, including : —

550 specimens, chiefly from Cornish mines, selected from the
extensive collection of Mr. J. C. Williams, of Caerhays Castle,
Cornwall, a collection made by his father and grandfather ;
presented by Mr. J. C. Williams. Of these may be specially

Minerals. 383

mentioned : — a very large mass of cerussite, as delicate silky
needles, from Pentire Glaze mine, Padstow, Cornwall ; and a
unique specimen of Cornish spangolite.

Crystals of selenite, of extraordinary size, from Wayne County,
Utah : presented by Dr. J. E. Talmage.

A large crystal of colourless, transparent blodite, very sym-
metrically developed on all sides ; from Warcha Mine, Salt
Range, Punjab, India : presented by the Director of the
Geological Survey of India.

150 specimens, chiefly American, selected from the collection
made by Colonel Joseph Willcox, of Philadelphia : purchased.

A large, isolated crystal of dolomite, with smaller crystals in
twin position ; from Switzerland : purchased.

1894.

Total acquisitions 407, including : —

Thirty-six specimens, mostly English, selected from the
mineral collection made by his mother, Lady Cust : presented
by Mr. L. Cust.

Quartz, a large " butterfly-twin " ; probably from Brazil :
purchased.

A polished slab of pink, mottled thulite ; from Lexviken,
Trondhjem, Norway : purchased.

A large, square prism of scapolite, with basal plane and four
obliquely placed pyramid-planes ; from Brsekke, Bamle, Norway :
purchased.

A set of rare tellurides, including several fine crystals, from
Cripple Creek, Colorado, brought together by Mr. Milton Moss :
purchased (1894-1901).

Copper, cerussite, marshite, silver, embolite, anglesite, wulfe-
nite and chessylite, all in fine examples • from Broken Hill, New
South Wales : purchased.

1895.

Total acquisitions 606, including : —

Broggerite from Moss, Norway : presented by Prof. W. C.
Brogger.

Mackintoshite from Texas, and ruby from North Carolina :
presented by Mr. W. E. Hidden.

Fifty-eight crystals, which had belonged to the collection of
Prof. Gustav Rose of Berlin : purchased.

384 Minerals.

An extensive collection of crystals of calcite, being part of
the material used by Prof. F. Sansoni for his memoirs on the
crystallography of that species : purchased.

Finely crystallised specimens of lorandite and realgar, from
Allchar, Macedonia : purchased.

1896.

Total acquisitions 412, including: —

Crystallised masses and groups of chessylite and malachite
from Copper Queen mine, Bisbee, Arizona: presented by Dr.
James Douglas.

A large, regularly developed cube of purple fluor, from
Weardale, Durham : presented by Miss Caroline Birley.

A large suite of crystals of edingtonite, several of large size,
from Bohlet, Sweden : purchased.

A well-crystallised specimen of cromfordite from Monte Poni.
Sardinia: purchased.

1897.

Total acquisitions 896, including : —

Specimens of gold ores from the various gold-fields of
Australia : presented by Mr. J. C. F. Johnson.

New minerals (tripuhyite, derbylite and lewisite) from Brazil :
presented by Dr. E. Hussak.

A specimen consisting on one side of yellow, scalenohedral
crystals of calcite, and on the other of small curved rhombohedra of
pink dolomite together with cubes of galena and small tetrahedra
of copper-pyrites ; also a large, isolated, scalenohedron of yellow
calcite; both from Joplin, Jasper County, Missouri : purchased.

A large, isolated, twinned crystal of adularia, from
Switzerland : purchased.

A crystal of erubescite from Frossnitz-Alpe, Pregratten, Tyrol :
purchased.

A selection (200 specimens) from the collection formed by
Bergrath F. C. L. Koch ; chiefly from the Harz : purchased.

1898.

Total acquisitions 255, including :—

A large suite of very delicately crystallised specimens of
aragonite from the Sterkfontein caves, Barnett, Transvaal :
presented by Mr. H. P. Thomasset.

Minerals. 385

Sapphires and spinels, from Siam : presented by Mr. H,
Warington Smyth.

A reticular mass of twinned crystals of cerussite, and other
minerals, from Broken Hill, New South Wales : purchased.

A long, hexagonal crystal of phenakite, with terminal planes ;
from Kragero, Norway : purchased.

Large crystals of cryolite, grouped together in parallel position,
and other minerals from Greenland : purchased.

1899.

Total acquisitions 551, including : —

Dodecahedral crystals of argyrodite, encrusting a mass of
pyrargyrite ; from Colquechaca, Potosi, Bolivia : presented by
Mr. Avelino Aramayo.

A large specimen of andorite, encrusted with numerous large
crystals ; from Itos Atocha mine, Oruro, Bolivia : presented by
Mr. Thomas J. Hooper.

A collection (forty-six specimens) of Bolivian minerals, in-
cluding augelite, stannite, andorite, wolfsbergite : presented by
Sir W. Martin Conway.

A specimen of barytes, consisting of seven large, brownish
crystals showing zonal growth, on a matrix of dolomite dusted
over with red haematite; from Goose Green mine, Frizington,
Cumberland : purchased.

An isolated twin of rock-crystal (quartz) from Japan : pur-
chased.

A large, sharply denned, hexagonal prism of green, opaque
beryl, from Moss, Christiania Fjord, Norway : purchased.

1900.

Total acquisitions 443, including : —

About one hundred representative minerals from Japan :
presented by Dr. T. Kochibe, Director of the Geological Survey
of Japan.

A large, scalenohedral crystal of proustite, with a smaller
crystal intergrown, of a rich red colour and nearly transparent \
from Chanarcillo, Chili : purchased.

A large, isolated, twinned crystal of orthoclase, of a grey
colour ; from Tvedestrand, Nedenas, Norway : purchased.
VOL. i. 2 c

386 Minerals.

A group of cubes of purple fluor, encrusted with brilliant
bipyramidal crystals of quartz, on a matrix of dolomite ; from
Weardale, Durham : purchased.

A suite of brilliant crystals of crocoite, of long prismatic habit,
some isolated, others confusedly grouped together ; from Dundas,
Montagu County, Tasmania : purchased.

Stolzite, a large piece of matrix encrusted with crystals of
two kinds : — (a) scattered crystals, of pyramidal habit with basal
plane, and of a red colour ; (b) a crystalline crust of thin, tabular
crystals of a yellow colour ; from Broken Hill, New South "Wales :
purchased.

1901.

Total acquisitions 311, including : —

Rare minerals from Greenland : by exchange.

Fine beryls and rubellite, from Russia : purchased.

Fine suite of calcites and barytes, from Cumberland : pur-
chased.

A crystal of topaz, weighing 137 Ib. (62 kilograms) ; from
Ssetersdalen, Norway : purchased.

1902.

Total acquisitions 603, including : —

A collection of gold tellurides and other gold ores from
Western Australia : presented by the Government of Western
Australia and various Western Australian companies.

A large, yellow crystal of barytes from Dalmellington mine,
Frizington, Cumberland : purchased.

Calaverite with coloradoite, petzite and tennantite, on a
matrix of greenish sericite-schist ; from the Associated Gold
Mines of Western Australia, Kalgoorlie, W. Australia : pur-
chased.

Albite, quartz and sphene — a large group of crystals on the
matrix ; from Ofenhorn, Binnenthal, Switzerland : purchased.

An aggregate of very large, white crystals of aragonite, with
some sulphur, from Sicily : purchased.

A fine group of large, tabular crystals of epidote of a dark
green colour, with small crystals of quartz j from Prince of Wales
Island, Alaska : purchased.

A suite of tourmalines from California : purchased.

Minerals. 387

1903.

Total acquisitions 324, including : —

A remarkable crystal of wollastonite, in great part changed
into opal, from Santa Fe, Chiapas, Mexico : presented by Mr.
H. F. Collins.

A magnificent crystal of kunzite, a lilac-coloured variety of
spodumene, from California : presented by Major A. H. Davis.

An extremely fine group of large rhombohedra of rhodochrosite
from Colorado : presented by Mr. C. S. Bement.

Fine specimens of cerussite from Broken Hill, New South
Wales : presented by Mr. A. L. Lane.

An enormous crystal of gadolinite, weighing 21|- kilograms,
from Sweden : purchased.

A series of about 55 specimens, selected from Mr. T. Hoh-
mann's private collection of South American minerals, including
fine crystals of atacamite, caracolite, paralaurionite, schwarzem-
bergite, and specimens of teallite : purchased.

A remarkable suite of fine, doubly-terminated and parti-
coloured crystals of tourmaline, from California : purchased.

A fine suite of large twinned crystals of cinnabar, from
Central China : purchased.

2 c 2

388 Minerals

SERIES B.— ROCKS.

The Collection of Rocks is arranged in three main
Divisions : —

Div. I. The Introductory Series, exhibited in six window-
cases (V— X) of the Gallery. The specimens have
been selected, arranged and labelled, to serve as
an Introduction to the Study of Rocks.

Div. II. The Systematic Collection, exhibited in twelve window-
cases (XI-XXII) of the Gallery. The specimens
have been selected, arranged and labelled, to serve
as examples of the kinds and varieties of Rocks.

Div. III. The Topographical Collection, preserved in drawers.
The specimens are arranged according to localities.

Those specimens which are too large to be placed in the posi-
tions proper to them as members of the series, for instance, basaltic
columns, are mounted on separate pedestals or are placed in two
wall-cases (F, G) of the Gallery.

Further, an auxiliary collection of polished slabs of marbles
and other ornamental rocks is exhibited in a wall-case (A) of
the corridor.

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST (1753-1903) REFERRING TO
SERIES B. — ROCKS.

1764.

A table-top inlaid with Vesuvian products : presented by the
Earl of Exeter.

1768, 1769, 1772 and 1779.

Specimens of lavas, and a series of large polished sections of
volcanic bombs from the dolomitic breccias of Monte Somma,
Vesuvius : collected and presented by Sir William Hamilton, F.R.S.

Minerals, 389

1811.

A collection of about fifty specimens of schists, slates, lime-
stones, &c., from the North and East Coast of Australia, made
by Captain M. Flinders, R.N., of H.M.S. Investigator, in 1801-3 :
presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. [See
Flinders, Voyage to Terra Australia, London, 1814.]

1816.

A small collection of gneisses, sclaists, &c., made by Dr. C.
Smith and Mr. Tudor at the mouth of the Congo in 1816 :
presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
[Described by Mr. C. Konig in Captain Tuckey's Narrative of an
Expedition to explore the River Zaire, usually called the Congo,
appendix vi, pp. 486-488, London, 1818.]

1820.

A series of nepheline-syenites and other rocks from Sierra
Leone, collected by Dr. H. Nicoll : presented by Earl Bathurst.

1821.

Rock-specimens collected in the Expeditions to the Polar
Regions : presented by the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty. [A description of the rock-specimens, collected
by Sir W. E. Parry during the expedition of 1819-20, was
given by Mr. C. Konig in the Quart. Journ. Sci., 1823, vol. xv,
pp. 11-22.]

1823.

Rock-specimens collected by Sir W. E. Parry during his last
voyage to the Polar Seas : presented by the Lords Commissioners
of the Admiralty.

A large and representative series of volcanic products (lavas
and ashes, &c. of various eruptions) from Vesuvius, Ischia and
the Campi Flegrei : collected by, and purchased from, Prof. T.
Monticelli.

390 Minerals.

1825.

A collection of about 70 specimens of granites, sandstones,
limestones, basalts, &c., made by Captain Hugh Clapperton in the
Soudan : presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
[They were described by Mr. C. Konig in Denham and Clapper-
ton's Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central
Africa in 1822-24, appendix xxiii, p. 247, London, 1826.]

1826.

A collection of about fifty specimens of granites, dolerites, &c.,
made by Lieut, (afterwards Rear- Admiral) H. W. Bayfield, R.N.,
during a survey of Lake Superior : presented by the Lords
Commissioners of the Admiralty.

1827.

Two specimens of flexible sandstone from Itacolumi Moun-
tain, Minas Geraes, Brazil : presented by Viscount Strangford.

1829.

A collection of about thirty specimens of granites, quartz-
felsites, sandstones, &c., from the Sinai Peninsula : collected and
presented by Lord Prudhoe (afterwards Duke of Northumberland).
[A list of a duplicate set of these rocks, presented to the Royal
Dublin Society by the Duchess of Northumberland, and a
description of the journey from Cairo into Arabia Petraea,
during which the specimens were collected, are given in Journal
of the Royal Dublin Society, 1859, vol. ii, pp. 161-175.]

1837.

Total acquisitions 147,* including : —

A collection of rock-specimens from India (chiefly from the
Nilgiri Hills) : presented by Dr. P. M. Benza.

About forty specimens of serpentines, dolerites, etc., from the
shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, sent by Lieut. Bo wen, R.N. ;
presented by H.R.H. the Duke of Sussex.

* The General Begister of new acquisitions for the Museum was begun

Minerals. 391

1839.

Total acquisitions 1800, including : —

A series of 979 specimens of variegated clay from London and
the vicinity : presented by Mrs. Swan.

About sixty specimens of schists, serpentines, breccias, etc.,
from Egypt and Arabia Petrsea : collected and presented by
Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson, F.R.S.

1841.

Total acquisitions 305, including : —

About 300 specimens of phonolitic and basaltic lavas from the
Canary Islands : collected and presented by Mr. P. Barker Webb.
[See P. Barker Webb and S. Berthelot, Histoire Naturelle des ties
Canaries, Paris, 1839.]

1842.

Total acquisitions 205, including : —

A series of polished slabs of marbles from Derbyshire and
Staffordshire : purchased.

1844.

Total acquisitions 702, including : —

The rock-collections made by the Antarctic Expedition of
1839-43 under Sir James Clark Ross, including specimens from
Kerguelen Land, Cape Horn, Cockburn Island, South Victoria
Land, Tasmania, the Little Island of Trinidad, St. Paul's Rocks
and Falkland Islands: presented by the Lords Commissioners
of the Admiralty. [The specimens collected during the three
voyages southwards into Antarctic regions have been described
by Mr. G. T. Prior in Mineralogical Magazine, 1899, vol. xii,
pp. 69-91 ; and those from the Little Island of Trinidad in
Mineralogical Magazine, 1900, vol. xii, pp. 317-323.]

1845.

Total acquisitions 341, including : —

A collection of about 300 specimens of granites, schists, sand-
stones, limestones, etc., from South Australia: presented by
the Governor, Sir George Grey, K.C.B.

392 Minerals

1846.

Total acquisitions 45, including : —

A collection of about forty specimens of schists and slates from
the Himalayas : presented by the Earl of Aylesford.

1848.

Total acquisitions 81, including: —

A collection of about fifty specimens of rocks and minerals
from north Australia : presented by Sir T. L. Mitchell.

Nineteen specimens of rocks and minerals from Aden : pre-
sented by the Directors of the East India Company.

1851.

Total acquisitions 45, including : — •

Rock-specimens collected by the Arctic Expedition of
H.M.S. Pioneer: presented by the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty.

1855.

Total acquisitions 139, including : —

Limestones, schists and slates from the mountain ranges of
•western Persia, and of volcanic rocks from Lake Van, etc.,
collected and presented by Mr. W. K. Loftus. [See Quart.
Journ. Geol Soc., 1851, vol. vii, p. 263; 1854, vol. x, p. 464;
and 1855, vol. xi, p. 247.]

1868.

Total acquisitions 356, including : —

A series of volcanic rocks of Scotland and the north of
England : purchased.

1869.

Total acquisitions 336, including : —

A series of basalts and phonolitic trachytes containing
riebeckite, collected by Dr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S., during the
Abyssinian Expedition of 1868 under Sir Robert Napier;
presented by Dr. Blanford. [See Blanford, Observations on the
Geology and Zoology of Abyssinia, London, 1870 ; also G. T. Prior,.
Mineralogical Magazine, 1899, vol. xii, pp. 92—95.]

Minerals. 393

About 200 specimens of volcanic rocks from Ireland, collected
by Mr. P. Doran : purchased.

A series of about 100 specimens of schists and slates, and
phonolitic volcanic rocks containing riebeckite and segirine,
collected by Dr. W. Schimper in the neighbourhood of Adowa
and Axum, Abyssinia : purchased. [They have been described
by Mr. G. T. Prior in Mineralogical Magazine, 1899, vol. xii,
pp. 253-273.]

1870.

Total acquisitions 121, including : —

A collection of about 100 specimens of volcanic bombs and
lavas from the Laacher See : purchased.

1872.

Total acquisitions 973, including : —

About 900 miscellaneous rock-specimens (chiefly volcanic),
from German localities (Rhenish Prussia, Baden, Hesse, Nassau,
Saxony) : purchased.

1873.

Total acquisitions 303, including : —

About 200 specimens of dolerites, schists, conglomerates, etc.,
from South Africa (Namaqualand, Transvaal, etc.), collected by
Mr. E. J. Dunn : by exchange.

A supplementary collection (about 100 specimens) of volcanic
products from the Laacher See : purchased.

1874.

Total acquisitions 288, including : — •

A small collection of rock-fragments from Mull and Arran,
illustrating his papers in the Quart. Journ. GeoL Soc., on the
Tertiary eruptive rocks of the Western Islands of Scotland :
presented by Prof. J. W. Judd, C.B., F.R.S.

About fifty specimens of basaltic rocks from Fifeshire and
Skye : presented by Mr. Thomas Davies.

A collection of "Exeter trap" and other volcanic rocks,
(about thirty specimens) from Devonshire : presented by Mr. W.
Vicary.

A collection of about thirty-five specimens of volcanic rocks
from the Charnwood Forest district, Leicestershire : by exchange.

394 Minerals

1875.

Total acquisitions 264, including : —

A collection of rock-specimens illustrating the geology of
Newfoundland : by exchange.

A collection of Swedish rocks, including specimens of the
porphyries of Elfdalen : purchased.

1876.

Total acquisitions 1208, including: —

About 150 specimens of basaltic lavas, etc., from the Island of
Rodrigues, collected by Prof. I. Bayley Balfour, F.R.S., during
the "Transit of Venus" expedition of 1874-75: presented by
the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. [These rocks were
described by Prof. N. S. Maskelyne, in Philosophical Transactions,
1879, vol. clxviii, pp. 296-301.]

A collection of about 40 specimens of andesitic rocks from
Hungary : presented by Prof. J. Szabo.

A large series (500 specimens) of volcanic rocks (andesites,
trachytes, basalts, etc.) from Italy, Lipari Islands, Hungary and
Bohemia : presented by Prof. J. W. Judd, C.B., F.R.S.

A series of large polished slabs of Numidian marbles from the
quarries of Fratelli del Monte, Oran, Algiers : presented by
Cavaliere Giovanni Battista.

A collection of Cornish el vans (70 specimens) : presented by
Mr. Thomas Davies.

A collection of about 150 specimens of trachytes, basalts and
other volcanic rocks from New Zealand : by exchange.

A rock-collection (about 100 specimens) from the Transvaal :
by exchange.

A set of Vesuvian rocks (about 90 specimens) : purchased.

1877.

Total acquisitions 3148, including : —

A series of andesitic rocks from the districts round Schem-
nitz and Kremnitz, Hungary : presented by Prof. J. W. Judd,
C.B., F.R.S.

A large series of gneisses, schists, slates, limestones, etc., from
north Greenland, Grant Land, etc., collected chiefly by Colonel
H. W. Feilden during Sir G. S. Nares's Arctic Expedition of

Minerals. 395

1875-76 : presented by the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty.

Specimens of volcanic ash, etc., from the vicinity of Keswick,
Cumberland : collected and presented by the Rev. J. Clifton
Ward.

A series of about thirty specimens of basaltic rocks from
the neighbourhood of Edinburgh : presented by Mr. J. H.
Sanderson.

A large collection (over 2000 specimens) mainly of British
igneous rocks, formed by Mr. Samuel Allport, of Birmingham,
together with the microscopic sections prepared by him for his
petrological researches on British Carboniferous dolerites, etc. :
purchased.

A large series of Italian minerals and rocks, including
marbles from the various quarries in the vicinity of Carrara ;
collected by Cavaliere G. P. Jervis : purchased.

1878.

Total acquisitions 136, including: —

A collection of thirty-six specimens of the pitchstones and
quartz-felsites of the Island of Arran : presented by Prof. T. G.
Bonney, F.R.S.

Rock-specimens from St. Davids, Pembrokeshire, illustrating
papers on the Pre-Cambrian rocks of Wales in the Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc. : collected and presented by Dr. Henry
Hicks, F.R.S.

1879.

Total acquisitions 5302, including : — •

A large collection (about 600 specimens) of volcanic rocks
from various European localities (Auvergne, Vosges, etc.) :
presented by Mr. H. Ludlam.

In this year, owing to new arrangements adopted in regard
to the India Museum, London, various rock-collections (about
4500 specimens), chiefly from India, were transferred to the
British Museum. The more important are as follows : —

A large series (about 500 specimens) of gneisses, schists,
limestones, sandstones, basalts, etc., from Gay a, Bhagalpur,
Shahabad and Goruckpur : collected by Dr. F. Buchanan
(afterwards Hamilton), in 1810-14.

A large series (about 300 specimens) of andesitic and

396 Minerals.

basaltic lavas, limestones, etc., from Java : collected by Dr.
T. Horsfield in 1816.

A large collection of schists, slates, granites, etc.,
from Kumaon and southern Tibet, made by Captain
(afterwards Lieut.-Gen. Sir) R. Strachey, illustrating the
geology of part of the Himalayas. (See Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc., 1851, vol. vii, p. 292.)

Collections of basalts (the Deccan traps), laterite, etc.,
from Bombay, made by Colonel W. H. Sykes and by
Dr. G. Buist.

A series of specimens (limestones, sandstones, slates, etc.),
illustrating the geology of the Punjab Salt Range and of the
Cashmere Hills : collected by Dr. A. Fleming about 1853.

A series of rock-specimens collected by the brothers
(Hermann, Adolph and Robert von) Schlagintweit when
on a scientific mission to India and High Asia, between the
years 1854-58.

1880.

Total acquisitions 41, including: —

A collection of basaltic rocks from the neighbourhood of
Burntisland and Kinghorn, Fifeshire : presented by Mr. W.
Carruthers, F.R.S.

1881.

Total acquisitions 382, including : —

An illustrative series of the rocks constituting Dr. Hicks's
three divisions of his Pre-Cambrian Group of St. Davids ; and a
collection illustrating his papers on the Pre-Cambrian rocks of
Ross-shire : presented by Dr. Henry Hicks, F.R.S. [The micro-
scopic characters of these rocks were described by Mr. T. Davies
in appendices to papers by Dr. Hicks. See Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc., 1878, vol. xxxiv; 1879, vol. xxxv; and 1884, vol. xl; also
Geol Mag., 1880.]

A series of specimens from the St. Gotthard Tunnel, with
geological tables and sections; collected by Dr. F. M. Stapff:
purchased.

A collection of about 260 specimens of the basaltic and
trachytic lavas of Auvergne : purchased.

A large slab of flexible sandstone from 60 miles west of
Delhi, India : purchased.

Minerals. 397

1882.

Total acquisitions 266, including : —

A collection of about 250 rock-specimens from Scotland,
chiefly from Perthshire and the Island of Arran : presented by
the Council of the British Association.

1883.

Total acquisitions 167, including: —

A series of andesites, dacites, basalts, limestones, etc., from
the Salomon Islands : collected and presented by Mr. H. B.
Guppy, M.B., Surgeon of H.M.S. Lark.

1884.

Total acquisitions 85, including : —

A collection of the granites of the Harz : purchased.

1885.

Total acquisitions 1 94, including : —

Specimens of obsidian and of calcareous and siliceous tufa
from the Yellowstone Park, U.S.A. : presented by Mr. W. Car-
ruthers, F.R.S.

1886.

Total acquisitions 977, including : —

A series of polished specimens of protogine from Mont Blanc :
presented by Mr. Richard Fort.

A collection of about 150 specimens of granites, dolerites,
quartzites, etc., from Western Australia: presented by Mr.
E. T. Hardman.

A collection of about 400 specimens of granites, gneisses,
schists, etc., from South Australia, including a series of rocks
from the Barossa and Echunga Gold-fields: presented by the
Government of South Australia.

A collection of granulites and schists from Saxony, illustrating
Lehmann's Untersuchungen uber die Entstehung der altlcrystallin-
ischen ScMefergesteine, Bonn, 1884 : purchased.

A collection of 266 specimens of schists, etc., from the Mont
Cenis Tunnel : purchased.

398 Minerals.

1887.

Total acquisitions 664, including : —

A collection of about eighty typical rock-specimens from
Sweden : presented by the Director of the Geological Survey of
Sweden.

About 200 specimens of phonolites, basalts, etc., from the
Island of Fernando Noronha, collected and presented by Mr.
H. N. Ridley. [Specimens belonging to this collection have
been described by Mr. T. Davies in Journ. Linn. Soc., 1890,
vol. xxvii, pp. 86-94, and by Mr. G. T. Prior in Mineralogical
Magazine, 1897, vol. xi, pp. 171-75.]

A large series (about 400 specimens), of volcanic rocks from
Japan : purchased.

1888.

Total acquisitions 595, including : —

A series of about 100 specimens of basaltic lavas, etc., from
the Azores : purchased.

Collections of volcanic rocks from the Malverns, Inner
Hebrides, Charnwood Forest and the Lizard : purchased.

1889.

Total acquisitions 505, including : —

A collection (about 133 specimens) of granites, quartz-felsites,
etc., from China and Borneo: presented by Mr. J. W. Bassett-
Smith, Surgeon, R.N.

About sixty specimens of limestones, schists, etc., collected in
Somaliland by Captain S. King during an expedition from Zaila
to Mount Eilo: presented by Prof. T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S.
[Described by Miss C. A. Raisin in Geological Magazine, 1888,
p. 414.]

A small collection of granites, felsites, etc., from Sokotra,
made by Colonel M. Gosset : presented by Prof. T. Rupert Jones,
F.R.S. [Described by Miss C. A. Raisin in Geological Magazine,
1888, p. 504.]

A collection of rocks from Madagascar : presented by the
Rev. J. Wills.

Gneisses, schists, granites and diorites from Guernsey :
collected and presented by Mr. B. B. Woodward.

A series of volcanic rocks from Germany : purchased.

Minerals. 399

1890.

Total acquisitions 1050, including : —

A collection of about 700 specimens, chiefly of volcanic
rocks, made by the Challenger Expedition of 1873-76 ; including
specimens from Teneriffe (basalts and phonolites), Cape Verde
Islands (basalts, etc.), Island of Fernando Noronha (phonolites,
basalts), Ascension Island (trachytes, basalts), Tristan d'Acunha
Island (basalts), Falkland Islands (diabase, slates), Marion Island
(basalts), Kerguelen Island (basalts, phonolites, etc.), Heard
Island (basalts), Fiji Islands (andesites), Banda Island (andesites),
Moluccas (andesites), Philippines (andesites, limestones, etc.),
Juan Fernandez (basalts), Sandwich Islands (basalts, limestones),
St. Paul's Rocks (serpentine), Azores (trachytic lavas), St. Thomas
(diorites), Bass Straits (granites) : presented by the Lords Com-
missioners of the Admiralty through Sir John Murray, K.C.B.,
F.R.S. [These rocks have been described by Prof. A. F. Renard
in Petrology of Oceanic Islands, Challenger Reports, Physics and
Chemistry, 1882, vol. vi, part vii.]

A selection from the rock-specimens collected by Deputy
Inspector-General R. McCormick, R.1ST., during the Arctic Expe-
dition of 1827, the Antarctic Expedition of 1839-43, and the
Franklin Search Expedition of 1852-53 : bequeathed.

About 50 specimens of basaltic lavas, of various dates, from
Mount Etna : purchased.

1891.

Total acquisitions 282, including : —

A small collection of basaltic lavas from Kilauea, including
specimens of the lava stalactites described by Prof. E. S. Dana
(Amer. Journ, Sci., 1889, ser. 3, vol. xxxvii, p. 441) : presented
by Mr. Armstrong Smith.

A collection of the metamorphic rocks resulting from the
granite-intrusion at New Galloway ; described by Mr. S. Allport
and Prof. T. G. Bonney, F.R.S., in Proc. Eoy. Soc., 1889, vol. xlvi,
p. 193 : presented by Mr. S. Allport.

A collection of about 100 small specimens of basaltic and
phonolitic lavas from St. Helena : presented by Mr. R. L.
Antrobus. [Some of these specimens were described by Mr.
G. T. Prior in Mineralogical Magazine, 1903, vol. xiii, p. 256.]

A collection of about 50 specimens of the nepheline-syenites
and associated camptonitic dykes of Montreal: collected and
presented by Dr. G. C. Hoffmann.

400 Minerals.

1892.

Total acquisitions 526, including : —

A collection of about 70 specimens of the cossyrite- and
anorthoclase-bearing lavas of Pantelleria : purchased. [Some of
these specimens were described by Mr. G. T. Prior in Minera-
logical Magazine, 1903, vol. xiii, p. 254.]

A collection of about 100 specimens of basaltic and phonolitic
lavas from Gran Canaria : purchased. [Some of these specimens
were described by Mr. G. T. Prior in Mineralogical Magazine,
1903, vol. xiii, p. 255.]

A large series (about 200 specimens) of granites, gneisses,
schists, limestones, &c., from the Island of Corsica ; collected by
Prof. C. de Stefani, of Florence : purchased.

A series of polished slabs of modern Continental marbles
from France, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Numidia : purchased.

1893.

Total acquisitions 700, including : —

A series of 369 specimens of British rocks (chiefly volcanic)
collected by Mr. S. Allport, together with the microscopic
sections prepared by him : purchased.

A large series of granites, schists, variolitic diabases, quartz-
felsites, &c., from the Island of Elba : purchased.

1894.

Total acquisitions 1030, including: —

About 100 specimens of sandstones, limestones, shales, &c.,
from Matto Grosso, Brazil : collected and presented by Dr. J. W.
Evans. [Described by him in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1894,
vol. 1, p. 85.]

About 100 specimens of gneisses, schists, dolerites, &c., from
Bechuanaland : collected and presented by Mr. F. E. Harman.

A series of basalts, granites, limestones, &c., from Torres
Straits : collected and presented by Prof. A. C. Haddon, F.R.S
[Described in Trans. Boy. Irish Acad., 1894, vol. xxx, p. 419.]

A series of crystalline limestones and granulites from Ceylon :
collected and presented by Lord Colin Campbell.

A large series of leucitic lavas and tuffs from the neighbour-
hood of Rome, collected by Dr. J. S. Rodriguez : purchased.
[Described by him in Note mile rocce vulcaniche e pnncipalmente
su itufi dintorni immediati di Eoma, Rome, 1893.]

Minerals. 401

A large series of granites, gabbros, schists, limestones, &c.,
om the Island of Giglio, collected by Prof. C. de Stefani, of
Florence : purchased.

1895.

Total acquisitions 708, including : —

A series of rock-specimens from Devonshire, selected to show
the relations between the Devonian and metamorphic rocks :
collected and presented by Mr. A. R. Hunt.

Yariolitic diabases from the Fichtelgebirge (described in
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1891, vol. xlvii, p. 45), and schists
and variolites from the Cottian Alps (described in Quart. Journ.
Geol Soc., 1890, vol. xlvi, p. 95) : collected and presented by
Prof. J. W. Gregory, F.R.S.

A collection of 115 specimens illustrating the contact-effects
of the granite and syenite in the schist-region of the Elb-
thalgebirge : purchased.

1896.

Total acquisitions 632, including : —

About 100 specimens of gneisses, schists, dolerites, etc., from
Sierra Leone : collected and presented by Mr. G. F. Scott Elliot.
[Described by Miss C. A. Raisin in Geological Magazine, 1893,
p. 440.]

A series of granites, sandstones, camptonitic dyke-rocks, etc.,
from Egypt, collected by Mr. G. F. Scott Elliot : presented by
Miss C. A. Raisin. [Described by her in Geological Magazine,
1893, p. 436.]

1897.

Total acquisitions 1663, including: —

A series of specimens (with sections) of the deposits of the
Nile Delta, obtained during the boring operations at Zagazig
undertaken by the Royal Society : presented by the Royal
Society (Delta Boring Committee).

A series of about 300 small specimens of rocks and minerals
from the Karakoram Himalayas : collected and presented by Sir
W. Martin Conway. [Described by Miss C. A. Raisin and Prof.
T. G. Bonney, F.R.S,, in Proc. Boy. Soc., 1894, vol. Iv, p. 468.]

472 thin sections of rocks (mostly veinstones, elvans, green-
stones and granites of Cornwall) from the collection of the late
Mr. John Arthur Phillips, F.R.S. : presented by Mr. A. G. Phillips.
VOL. i. 2 D

402 Minerals.

A series of about 100 specimens illustrating the geology of
the Southern Transvaal : collected and presented by Dr. F. H.
Hatch. [Described in Quart. Journ. Geol Soc., 1898, vol. liv,
pp. 73-99.]

A series of about seventy small rock-specimens from Siam ;
collected by Mr. H. Warington Smyth : presented by the Koyal
Department of Mines and Geology, Siam.

A series of over 300 specimens of gneisses, schists, slates, etc.,
from Italian and Alpine localities, collected by Cavaliere G. P.
Jervis to supplement the series previously obtained from him :
purchased.

Seventy-three polished slabs of modern marbles from Italy
and Switzerland, and of antique marbles from the ruins of
ancient Rome : purchased.

1898.

Total acquisitions 1022, including : — •

A large, polished block of orbicular granite from Kangasniemi
Finland : presented by Baron A. B. de Schulten.

A large series of rock-specimens illustrating the geology of
the neighbourhood of Portsoy, Banffshire : collected and presented
by Mr. J. Buie.

A series of rock-specimens from Mongolia and the Province
of Liao Tong, Manchuria : collected and presented by Mr. W. H.
Shockley.

1899.

Total acquisitions 490, including : — •

A large polished slab of green marble from La Toma,
Argentina : presented by Dr. F. P. Moreno.

A column of basalt, 14^ feet (4*4 meters) long, from Rhenish
Prussia : presented by *<he Directors of the London Basalt Stone
Company.

A collection of over 100 specimens of gneisses, schists,
ferruginous shales, etc., from the Ingwenya Berg and Embabaan
district, West Swaziland : presented by Mr. Sydney Ryan.
[Described by Prof. T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., in Geological
Magazine, 1899, pp. 105-111.]

A small series of volcanic rocks and limestones from the
neighbourhood of Lake Urumia, Persia : collected and presented
by Mr. R. T. Giinther. [Described by Mr. G. T. Prior in Geogr.
Journ., 1899, vol. xiv, pp. 521-523.]

A series of about 60 specimens of andesitic lavas, etc.. from

Minerals. 403

the Andes (Aconcagua, Tupungato, etc.) : collected and presented
by Mr. E. A. FitzGerald and Mr. S. Vines. [Described by Prof.
T. G. Bonney, F.R.S., in Fitzgerald's Highest Andes, appendix A,
London, 1899.J

Rock-specimens from the Davos district (described Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc., 1899, vol. Iv, p. 381) and from the Manod and
Moelwyns, Wales (described in Quart. Journ. Geol Soc., 1891,
vol. xlvii, p. 368) : collected and presented by Mr. A. Vaughan
Jennings.

1900.

Total acquisitions 1058, including: —

A large polished slab of orbicular granite from Kortfors,
Orebro, Sweden : presented by Dr. H. M. Backstrom.

A series of about 150 specimens of schists, sandstones, phono-
litic rocks, etc., from Lake Tanganyika, Ruwenzori and Uganda :
collected and presented by Mr. G. F. Scott Elliot. [Described
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1895, vol. li, pp. 677-679.]

A series of 50 specimens of schists, felsites, phonolites, etc.,
from Tropical East Africa, collected by Mr. M. Fergusson:
presented by the Lake Tanganyika Expedition Committee.
[Described by Mr. M. Fergusson and Mr. G. T. Prior in Geological
Magazine, 1901, p. 362.]

A series of kenytes, basalts and phonolites from Mount
Kenya : collected and presented by Prof. J. W. Gregory, F.R.S.
[Described by him in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.} 1900, vol. Ixvi,
p. 205 : see also G. T. Prior, Mineralogical Magazine, 1903,
vol. xiii, pp. 228-263.]

A collection of 58 typical rock-specimens from Japan : presented
by Dr. T. Kochibe, Director of the Geological Survey of Japan.

A collection of rock-specimens from the Christiania district,
illustrating descriptions by Prof. W. C. Brogger (Eruptivgesteine
ties Kristianiagebietes, I, 1894; II, 1895; III, 1898): purchased.

1901.

Total acquisitions 405, including : —

A large collection of typical rock-specimens from India, which
formed part of the India Exhibit at the Paris Exhibition of 1900 ;
presented by the Director of the Geological Survey of India.

A series of about 200 specimens of granites, schists, felsites,
andesites, &c., from the north-east coast of Siberia : collected
and presented by Mr. W. H. Shockley.

2 D 2

404 Minerals.

A series of rock-specimens from the Bolivian Andes : collected
and presented by Sir W. Martin Conway. [Described by Prof.
T. G. Bonney, F.R.S., in Sir Martin Conway's The Bolivian
Andes, London, 1901, appendix, pp. 366-386.]

1902.

Total acquisitions 1155, including : — •

A series of rock -specimens, including granites, basalts and
phonolitic rocks from Cape Adare, siliceous slates and grits
from Duke of York Island, and basalts from Franklin Island,
Mount Terror, etc. : collected by the Antarctic Expedition of
the Southern Cross, under Mr. C. E. Borchgrevinck : presented
by Sir George Newnes, Bart. [Described by Mr. G. T. Prior
in the Report on the Collections made by the Southern Cross
Antarctic Expedition, published by the Trustees of the British
Museum, 1902.]

A large collection of ferruginous schists, phonolitic rocks,
basalts, nephelinites, etc., from the Uganda Protectorate : pre-
sented by Sir Harry H. Johnston, G.C.M.G. [Described by
Mr. G. T. Prior in Mineralogical Magazine, 1903, "vol. xiii, pp.
228-263.]

Collections of rock-specimens (with microscopic sections) from
the Malverns, north Wales and Cornwall, illustrating papers in
the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. : presented by Mr. F. Rutley.

Microscopic sections of rocks from St. Davids, illustrating
papers of Dr. Henry Hicks, F.R.S. in the Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc. : presented by his widow.

1903.

Total acquisitions 278, including : —

A collection of rock-specimens from the Assynt district,
Sutherlandshire : presented by the Director of the Geological
Survey of Great Britain and Ireland.

A small collection of rock-specimens from New South Wales :
presented by the Department of Mines and Agriculture of
New South Wales.

A series of rock-specimens from Ashantee : collected and
presented by Mr. N. Samuel.

A collection of 73 specimens illustrating the effects of
contact-metamorphism : purchased.

Minerals. 405

SERIES C.— METEORITES.

A complete list of the Meteorites represented in the Meteorite
Collection, with a statement of the total weights of the specimens
representing each Fall, is given with the Introduction to the
Study of Meteorites.

The collection is arranged in two divisions : —

Div. I. The Introductory Series, exhibited in case IV of
the Pavilion. The specimens have been selected,
arranged and labelled to serve as an Introduction
to the Study of Meteorites.

Div. II. The General Collection is exhibited in three cases
(I-III) of the Pavilion. The specimens of the
General Collection are, for convenience, arranged
in three classes, namely : — Meteoric Irons, Sidero-
lites and Meteoric Stones; each class is then
sub-divided into meteorites of known and un-
known dates of fall ; the specimens belonging
to the former sub-division are arranged in the
order of date of fall, while those belonging to the
latter sub-division are arranged topographically.

The following chronological list gives the year
in which each recognised meteoritic fall was first
represented in the Collection.

406

Minerals.

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST (1753-1903) REFERRING TO
SERIES C. — METEORITES.

Names of the additional Falls represented.

Pallas : presented by the Imperial Academy of Sciences,

St. Petersburg.
Otumpa : small fragments presented by the Royal Society.

(The large mass, weighing 1400 Ib. (600 kilograms"),

•was presented in 1826 by Sir Woodbine Parish,

K.C.B , F.E.S.)

Senegal River (Hatchett collection): fragment purchased.
KraJthut ond Wold Cottage: fragments presented by

Sir Joseph Bank*, Bart., F.R.S. (The main mass

of the latter meteorite was purchased by the Trustees

in 1838.)

Siena : presented by Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., F.R.S.
L'Aigle: presented by Prof. J. B. Biot, of Paris.
Barlotan, Cape of Good Hope, Elbcgen, Ensieheim, Sallesf

To6or,and Weeton, all of them in the Greville collection :

purchased.

Ped River : presented by Prof. A. Bruce, of Xew York.
Stannern : presented i>y the Imperial Museum of Vienna.
Mooresfort : presented by Mr. J. G. Children, F.R.S.
Chantonnay : purchased.
Limerick : presented by Dr. Blake, of Dublin.
Melrille Bay (Ross's Iron): presented by the Lords

Commissioners of the Admiralty.
Berlanguillas : purchased.
Timochin : purchased.
Bendegd Rirer and Juvinas : purchased.
Lfnarto: purchased.
Agen: purchased.
Imilac : presented by Sir Woodbine Parish, K.C.B., F.R.S.

(Two small fragments were presented by Mr. W.

Bollaert in 1857; the large mass, weighing 450 Ib.

(204 kilograms), was presented by Mr. George Hicks,

of Newquay, in 1879.)
Bitburg : presented by Mr. Henry Heuland.
Cold JJokkeveld: 2 specimens, (1) presented by Mr. E.

Charlesworth ; (2) presented by Sir John Herschel,

Bart., F.R.S., and Sir Thomas Maclear, F.R.S.
Nanjemoy (Mantell Collection): purchased.
Zacatecas: presented by Mr. J. Parkinson.
Burlington : by exchange.

Clidteau-Renard, Drake Creek and Little Piney : purchased.
Cocke County and Richmond : purchased.
Akbarpur : presented by Sir Proby T. Cautley.
Guilford County and Walker County: purchased.
Babb's Mill, Chandakapur and Lockport : purchased.
Area: purchased.

Minerals.

407

Year of Falls
acquisition. ! added.

Xames of the additional Falls represented.

13

15

Basgata : by exchange.

Agram, Charlotte, Chassigny, Sorgo San Donino, High
Fossil, Jonzac, Kharkov, LuotolaJcs, Mauerkirchen, Ples-
cowitz, Smithland and Toluca: purchased. (Large
masses from Toluca Valley were purchased in 1860,
1866 and 1873, respectively.)

Bishopville, Carthage and Linn County : purchased.

Braunau, Murfreesboro' and Seeldsgen : purchased.

Ashecille and Chesterville : purchased.

Aldswarth, Cabarras County, Charwallas, Honolulu and
Buff's Mountain : purchased.

Seneca Bicer : purchased.

Madoc : presented by Sir Wm. E. Logan, F.R.S.

Les Ormes : purchased.

JBustee, Durala and Shalka: presented by the Secretary
of State for India.

Alais, Awson, Bethany (Lion Eiver ; Springbok River ;
Mukerop; a specimen was presented in 1874 by the
Trustees of the South African Museum), Charsonmlle,
Eichstddt, Forsyth, Girgenti, Gnarrenburg, Griineberg,
Gutersloh, Hainholz, Kuleschorka, Mezo'-Madaras, Oesel,
Orange Birer, Pavlograd, Petersburg, Putnam County,
Salt Hirer, Sanchez Estate, Sarepta, Sere*, Tazewell,
Toulouse, Tucson (another specimen of which was pre-
sented in 1863 by the Town Authorities of San Fran-
cisco), Tula (of which a fragment was presented in 1862
by Dr. J. Auerbach) and Union County, all of them in
the Allan-Greg Collection : purchased.

Jewell Hill (Duel Hill), Nebraska, Nelson County and New
Concord: purchased.

Dhurmsala: two specimens, the one presented by the
Secretary of State for India, the other by Mr. G. Lennox
Conyngham.

Assam, Futtehpur, Manegaum and Moradabad : presented
by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Pegu : presented by Dr. Thomas Oldham, F.R.S.

Alessandria, Cere*eto, Erxlebeii, Lissa, Lixna, Luponna*,
Schellin and Zebrak : by exchange.

ZaborziJca: purchased.

Cranbourne: weight 3§ tons: presented by Mr. James
Bruce; (the mass arrived at the Muteum in 1865).

Butsura, Khiragurh, Mliow, Segowlie and Umballa : pre-
sented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Perth : presented by Mr. William Nevill.

Nellore and Parnallee : presented by Sir Wm. T. Denison,
K.C.B.

Bohumilitz, Braliin, Doroninsk, Heredia, Macao, Mainz
and St. Denis- Westrem: by exchange.

Aumieres, Bethlehem, Black Mountain, Brazo*, Castine,
Claiborne, Cooperlown, Deal, Favars, Harrison County,
Jackson County, Kakowa, Killeter, Lagrange, Luce",
Marshall Couniy, Milena, Monte Milone, Ohaba, Oktibbeha
County, Pohlitz, t'chwetz, Steinbach (Rittersgriin and
Breitenbach), Vouille' and Wayne County: purchased.

408

Minerals.

acquisition.

Names of the additional Falls represented.

1863

41

1864

18G5

1866
18G7

1870

Joel Iran: presented by Mr. L. Joel, Vice-Consul at
Cobija.

~Ko.ee : presented by Sir Thomas Maclear, F.R.S.

Kusiali : presented by Dr. Thomas Oldham, F.R.S.

Vaca Muerta : presented by Mr. Taylour Thomson.

Albareto, Apt, Asco, Backmut, Bialy?tock. Blanako, Borknt,
Canellas, Denton County, Duruma, Epinal, Grosnaja,
Kaba, Klein-Menow, Klein-Wenden, Krasnoi-Ugol, La
Caille, Massing, Marmande, Nagy-Diicina, Nulles,
Okniny, Pittsburg, Santa Rosa, Sierra Blanca, Slobodka,
South-East Missouri, Stavropol, Tabarz, Trenzano,
Uden, Utrecht, Wessely, Wb'hler's Iron, Yanhuitlan: by
exchange.

Darmstadt and Ndbleborough : purchased.

Agra : presented by Mr. William Nevill.

Lutschaunig Stone : presented by Mr. Alfred Lutschaunig.

Manbhoom : presented by Dr. Thomas Oldham, F.R.S.

Suschhof, Caney Fork, Dakota, Pillistfer, and Tourinnes-
la-Grosse : by exchange.

Obernltirchen, Orgueil, and Verkhne-Udinsk : rurchased.

Nerft: presented by Professor C. C. A. Grewingk, of
Dorpat.

Ski : presented by Professor T. Kjerulf, of Christiania.

Supuhee : presented by the Secretary of State for India.

Copiapo; purchased.

Gopalpur and Sliergliotty : presented by the Trustees of
the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Jamkheir and Shytal: presented by the Government of
India.

KnyaMnya: presented by the Hungarian Academy of
Sciences, Budapest.

Muddoor and Pokhra : presented by Dr. Thomas Oldham,
F.R.S.

Aumale, Sear Creek, Cliarcas, CoaJntila (the Bonanza
Iron); (one of the masses, known as the Butcher Irons,
was purchased by the Trustees in 1876), Frankfort (Ky.),
Mascombes, Molina, Pampanga, Henazzn, Bussel Gulch
and Taney County (Newton County) : by exchange.

Barranca Blanca, Cerro Cosina, Hacienda de Bocas and
St. Mesmin : purchased.

Daniel's Kuil : by exchange.

Pultusk (Lerici) : purchased.

GoaJpara, Khetri and Pulsora : presented by the
Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Kriihenberg : presented by Dr. G. Neumayer, of Hamburg.

Udipi : presented by the Secretary of Stute for India.

Bjelaja Zerkov, Danville, Dolgovoli, Dimdrum, Esnandes,
Frankfort (Ala.), Juncal, Lodran, Prambanan, Slavetic,
Tadjera and Trenton : by exchange.

Bessie, Ornans and Victoria West : purchased.

Moti-ka-nagla : presented by the Trustees of the Indian
Museum, Calcutta.

Auburn and Losttou-n : by exchange.

Cleguerec and San Francisco del Mezquital : purchased.

Minerals.

409

acquisition.

Names of the additional Falls represented.

10

10

Searsmont : presented by Dr. Aug. C. Hamlin, of Maine,

U.S.A.

Staunton : by exchange.
Howard County, Ibbenbiihren, Smith's Mountain and

Stewart County, by exchange.
West Liberty : presented by Dr. G. D. Hinrichs, of Iowa,

U.S.A. "
Zsaddny : presented by the Hungarian Academy of

Sciences, Budapest.
Angers, Bandong, Beuste, Khairpur, Orvinio, Sauguis and

Tjdbe': by exchange.
Lance'&nd Oczeretna: purchased.
Rowton : presented by the Duke of Cleveland.
Shingle Springs: presented by Mr. E. N. Winslow, of

Hyannis, Mass., U.S.A.

Nash County, Vernon County and Waconda: by exchange.
Gurram Konda : transferred from the India Museum.
Jhung : presented by Mr. A. Brandreth, of Calcutta.
Verlthne-Dnieprovsk : presented by Professor Koulibini, of

St. Petersburg.
Dyalpur, Judesegeri, Nagaria, Nedagolla, Santa Catharina

and Sitathali : by exchange.
Stalldalen : purchased.

Cronstad : presented by Mr. John Sanderson, of Natal.
Soko-Banja : by exchange.
Mount Hick* and Serrania de Varas : presented by Mr.

George Hicks, of Newquay.
Butler, Casey County, Cynthiana, Dandapur, Rakovka,

Rochester, Warrenton and Whitfield County: by ex-
change.

Extherville : purchased.
Middlesbrough : presented by the Directors of the North

Eastern Kailway.
Chulafinnee, Lexington County, Smithsonian iron and

Tieschitz : by exchange.
Veramin : presented by the Shah of Persia.
Cabeza de Mayo, Cangas de Onis, Gross-Liebenthal, Hungen,

Kerilis, Macs, Eoda, SevrvJamt, Tennanlm and Vavi-

lovka : by purchase.

Oqi : presented by Mr. Naotaro Nabeshima, of Japan.
Gnadenfrei, Licit Creek and Nagaya : by exchange.
Alfianello, Greenbrier County, Pavlovka and Rancho de la

Pila: purchased.

8aint-Caprai*-de-Quinzac : by exchange.
Barratta (micro-sections): presented by Professor A.

Liversidge, F.R.S., of Sydney. (A fragment of the

meteorite was presented by the same donor in 1897.)
Chandpur and Pirthalla: presented by the Director of

the Geological Survey of India.
Iranpah: presented by Mr. Henry Hanks, of San

Francisco.
Lucky Hill: presented by the Governors of the Jamaica

Toundegin ': presented by tlie Rev. Charles G. Nicolay, of
Perth, Western Australia.

410

Minerals.

acquisition.

Falls

Names of the additional Falls represented.

1887

1888

1889

1890

is

25

1892

1893
1894

Chili (Desert of Atacama), Emmittsburg, Kikino, La

Be'casse, Le Teilleul, Petropavlovsk, Quiticay and Tom-

hannock Creek : by exchange.
Nejed: purchased.
Jenny's Creek : presented by Dr. John N. Tilden, of New

York State.
Nammianthal : presented by the Director of the Geological

Survey of India.
Nenntmannsdorf : presented by Dr. H. B. Geinitz, of

Dresden.

Grand Rapids : by exchange.

Glorieta Mountain and Independence County : purchased.
Djati Pengilon : presented by the Government of the

Netherlands.
Lalitpur : presented by the Director of the Geological

Survey of India.

Abert Iron and Tysnes : by exchange.
Fort Duncan and Scottsmlle : purchased.
Angra dos Reis, Chail, Itapicuru-Mirim, Karakol and

Minos Geraes : by exchange.
Alatyr, Assist, Aubres, Iron Creek, Mornans, Pavlodar,

Powder Mill Creek, Tabory and Tomatlan : purchased.
Bhagur emd Kalamlri : presented by the Bombay Branch

of the Royal Asiatic Society.
Cape Girardeau and Utah : by exchange.
Bella Soca, Bluff, Cleveland, Descubridora and Eagle

Station : purchased.
Santa Barbara : by exchange.
Pirgunje: pait by purchase and part by exchange.
Bielokrynifcchie, Brenham Township, Carlton, Collescipoli,

Dona Inez, Farminyton, Jelica, Llano del Inca, Miglieja,

Welland and Winnebago County : purchased.
Thunda : presented by Professor A. Liversidge, F.R.S.,

of Sydney.

Bischtube, Cabin Creek, Carcote, Cottra, Hammond, Town-
ship, Holland's Store, Ilimae, Laurens County, Linnville

Mountain, Mazapil, Nagy-Vdzsony, Pacula, Scltb'ncnberg,

Ssyromolotovo and Summit: by exchange.
Baldohn, Canon Diablo, Crow Creek, Jamestou-n, Kendall

County, Mer&ditas, Pipe Creek, Puquios and Waldron

Ridge: purchased.
Kahangarai : presented by the Director of the Geological

Survey of India.
Fukutowi, Jodzie, Sao Juliao de Noreira, Toubil Hirer

(Taiga) and Yenshigahara : by exchange.
Indarh: purchased.

Cachiuyal and Montlii-ault : by exchange.
Aleppo, Bath, Beaver Creek, Cross Road*, Kenton County,

Kesen, Lundrgdrd and Virba : purchased.
Bherai : presented by the Nawab of Junagadh, India.
Makariwa: prefcented by Professor G. H. F. Ulrich, of

Duuedin, New Zealand.

Bridgewater, Coftilla Peak, Hex River Mountain*, Morris-
town, Oroville and Prairie Dog Creek : by exchange.
McKinney, Pan de Azucar and Plymouth : purchased.

Minerals.

411

Year of
acquisition.

Names of the additional Falls represented.

1895

1897

1899

1900
1901

1902

1903

11

10

14

1G

13

18

Bishunpur and Bori: presented by the Director of tho

Geological Survey of India.

Conception : presented by Mr. W. Taylor, of Elgin, N.B.
Launton and Zabrodje : purchased.

Ambapur Nagla : presented by the Director of the Geo-
logical Survey of India.

Madrid : presented by Don Miguel Merino, of Madrid.
Sallinoo, Canton, Capitan Range, Fisher, Kokstad, Laborel,

Lesves, Long Island and Sacramento Mountains: pur-
chased.
Nawalpali : presented by the Director of the Geological

Survey of India.
Arlington, Forsyth County, Locust Grove, Ngawi,

Mooranoppin, Mungindi, Nocoleche, Roebourne and

Thurlow : purchased.
Gambat: presented by the Director of the Geological

Survey of India.

Augustinovka, Ottawa, Pricetown and Zavid : by ex-
change.
Kansada, Lancon, Mount Joy, Mount Stirling, Oscuro

Mountain, Rosario, San Angela, Savtschenskoje and

Tonganoxie : purchased.
Caperr : presented by Dr. F. P. Moreno, of La Plata

Museum.
El Ranchito (Bacubirito) : presented by Mr. 0. H.

Howarth, of London.
Zomba : presented by Sir A. Sharpe, O.B., K.C.M.G., His

Majesty's Commissioner for British Central Africa, Mr.

J. F. Cunningham, and Mr. J. McClounie.
Allegan, Central Missouri, Deep Springs. Ellenboro1, Haydeit

Creek, Higa*hi Keen, Indian Valley Township, La

Primitira, Luis Lopez, Meuselbach, Murphy, Ness City

and Tombigbee Eiver : purchased.
Cacaria, Chupaderos, Illinoi* Gulch, Mart, Moctezuma, Nagy

Borore', Oakley and St. Geneviere County : purchased.
Donga Kohrod and Kodaikanal: presented by the Director

of the Geological Survey of India.
Guarena, India Rico, Niagara and Surprise Springs: by

exchange.

Casas Grandes : purchased.
Sindhri: presented by the Director of the Geological

Survey of India.

Algoma, Bjurbole and Tarapaca : by exchange.
Admire, Apoala, Crumlin, Cuernaraca, Enjheo, Gilgoin,

N'Goureyma, Nochtuisk and Rhine Villa: purchased.
Caratash: piesented by His Highness Kiamil Pasha.
Andover, Linum, Mount Browne, Mount Dyrring, Pale'zieux,

Saline Township, San Cristobal, Sena, Sierra de la

Ternera and Toke-uchi-mura : by exchange.
Arispe, Bath Furnace, Finmarken, Francecille, Hvfttts,

Marjalahti and Reed City : purchased.

Total Falls 556

412 Minerals.

3. ALPHABETICAL LIST OP THE MORE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS
TO THE COLLECTION OF MINERALS, ROCKS AND METEORITES
IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS.

His Majesty King George the Fourth. [1762-1830]

Presented, in 1828, a collection of choice specimens from the Harz
Mountains ; the large groups of crystals of calcite and pyrargyrite being
especially fine.

H.R.H. Albert, Prince Consort. [1819-1861]

Presented, in 1847, an enormous group of large, colourless, prismatic
crystals of gypsum, from Reinhardsbrunn, Gotha, Germany.

H.R.H. Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, [1773-1843]
President of the Pioyal Society [1830-1838], and Trustee of the

British Museum.

Presented, in 1837, about 40 specimens of serpentines, dolerites, etc.,

from the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, sent by Lieut. Bowen, R.N.

Admiralty, Lords Commissioners of the.

Presented, in the years 1811, 1816, 1821, 1823, 1825, 1826, 1844, 1851,
1877 and 1890, various rock-collections, obtained by exploring expeditions
sent out by Great Britain ; also, in 1819, small fragments of the Melville
Bay meteorite (Ross's Iron).

Alabaster (HENRY).

Presented, in 1870, crystals of sapphire and zircon from Siam.

Alibert (Iv. P.).

Presented, in 1864, with other Siberian specimens, a large mass of
graphite from the Alibert mine, near Battugol, Irkutsk ; a large polished
boulder of jade, weighing 1156 Ib. (524 '4 kilograms), from the same
district, was purchased from him in 1863.

Allan (THOMAS). [1777-1833]

Thomas Allan, F.R.S., an Edinburgh banker, devoted his leisure to
mineralogy, and began the formation of what was ultimately the finest
private collection of minerals in England. Many specimens were collected
by him in England, Ireland, France, Faroe Islands, etc. ; others were
given to, or exchanged with, him by all the well-known mineralogists
and collectors of the day. He acquired Giesecke's (q.v.) collection of
Greenland minerals. In the enrichment and arrangement of his collection,
Allan was much assisted by Haidinger (q.v.), more especially during the
years 1823-1826, whilst the latter w'as resident in Edinburgh ; much of
the material mentioned in Haidinger's earlier papers belonged to this
collection. After Allan's death the collection was purchased by
II. H. Greg (q.v.~), from whom it was purchased by the Trustees in 1860.

Minerals. 413

Allport (SAMUEL). [1816-1897]

On his return from Brazil, Allport settled iu Birmingham and 'gave
his spare time to petrographical researches.

His collection of over 2000 specimens, mainly of British igneous rocks,
together with the microscopic sections prepared by him for his researches
on British Carboniferous dolerites, was purchased in 1877. Further
smaller collections were presented by him in 1891 and 1893.

Antrobus (R. L.).

Presented, in 1891, a collection of about 100 small specimens of
basaltic and phonolitic lavas from St. Helena.

Aramayo (FELIX AVELINO).

Bolivian Minister in London [1898-1903].

Presented, in 1899, crystals of argyrodite, encrusting a mass of
pyrargyrite, from Bolivia.

Arny (F. M.).

Presented, in 1880, various minerals from New Mexico, including
turquoise and gold.

Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Presented, in 1861, fragments of the Assam, Futtehpur, Manegaum
and Moradabad meteorites ; and, in 1 862, of the Butsura, Khiragurh,
Mhow, Segowlie and Umballa meteorites.

Atkins (.Mr*. ANNA).

Presented, in 1871, childrenite and several other minerals from ;the
collection of her father, J. G. Children (q.v.).

Auerbach (Dr. JOHANN ALEXANDER). [1815-1867]
Keeper of Minerals in the Topographical Institute of Moscow.
Presented, in 1862, a fragment of the Tula meteorite.

Austrian Government.

Presented, in 1862, a sharply developed, perfectly transparent and
colourless, cube of salt (halite) on the matrix, from Galicia.

Ava (King of).

See BUBNEY (Lieut.-Col. H.) and SYMES (Col. Michael).

Aylesford (LOUISE, Countess of). [?-1832]

Made an extensive collection of minerals, which, after her death,
passed into the possession of Henry Heuland, mineral dealer of London ;
from him many choice specimens, selected from this collection, were
purchased by the Trustees in 1834 and subsequent years ; the two-volume
manuscript catalogue of the Aylesford collection is now preserved in! the
Mineral Department.

Aylesford (HENEAGE, 5th Earl of). [1786-1859]

Son of the Countess of Aylesford mentioned above.

Presented, in 1845, a group of crystals of mellite on lignite from
Thuringia ; and, in 1846, a collection of about forty specimens of schists
and slates from the Himalayas.

414 Minerals.

Backstrom (Dr. HELGE MATTIAS). [1865- ]
Professor of mineralogy in the Hogskola, Stockholm.
Presented, in 1900, a large polished slab of orbicular granite from

Kortfors, Orebro, Sweden.

Baddeley (JOSEPH).

Brought back from Ceylon various mineral specimens, which he
presented in 1891 ; one of them was afterwards found to be a new species,
and was named baddeleyite.

Balfour (Prof. ISAAC BAYLEY). [1853- ]

Collected specimens of basaltic lavas, etc., from the Island of
Eodrigues, during the " Transit of Venus " expedition of 1874-1875 ;
they were presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury in
1876.

Banks (HENRY).

Presented, in 1820, several specimens of graphite, showing the mineral
in different kinds of matrix, from Borrowdale, Cumberland.

Banks (Sir JOSEPH, Bart.}. [1743-1820]

President of the Eoyal Society [1778-1820], and Trustee of the
British Museum.

Presented various specimens ; among them, in 1802 and 1803, frag-
ments of the Krakhut, Wold Cottage, and Siena meteorites ; in 1812, a
specimen of surturbrand from Iceland ; in 1813, a small nugget of gold,
weighing 57 grains (6 • 69 grams), from County Wicklow ; and, in 1817,
yttrotantalite from Sweden.

Baring (THOMAS).

Presented, in 1849, a large group of small twin-crystals of calcite, from
Bermuda.

Basset-Smith. (PERCY WILLIAM).

Surgeon in the Eoyal Navy.

Presented, in 1889, a collection (about 130 specimens) of granites,
quartz-felsites, etc., from China and Borneo.

Bathurst (HENRY, 3rd Earl). [1762-1834]

Presented, in 1820, a series of nepheline-syenites and other rocks
collected by Dr. H. Nicoll in Sierra Leone.

Battista (Oavaliere GIOVANNI).

Presented, in 1876, a series of large polished slabs of Numidian
marbles from the quarries of Fratelli del Monte, Oran, Algiers.

Bauer (F.).

Presented, in 1811, a specimen of platinum from South America.

Bayfield (Bear-Admiral H. W.).

For upwards of a quarter of a century in command of the survey of
the Gulf of, and the Eiver, St. Lawrence.

I •.- Collected during a survey of Lake Superior a series of granites,
dolerites, etc. ; the specimens (about fifty) were presented by the Lords
Commissioners of the Admiralty in 1826.

Minerals. 415

Bement (CLARENCE S.).

Presented, in 1882, a large, colourless, transparent, doubly terminated
crystal of quartz, from Switzerland; and, in 1903, an extremely fine
group of large rhomboherlra of rhodochrosite from Colorado.

His fine collection of unusually perfect mineral specimens was pur-
chased in 1900 for the American Museum of Natural History.

Bengal, Asiatic Society of.

See ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Benza (Dr. P. M.).

Presented, in 1837 and 1842, various minerals and rocks from India.
Berkley (JAMES JOHN). [1819-1862]

Chief Engineer of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway.

Presented, in 1860 and 1861, an extensive series of beautifully
crystallised zeolites from the railway cuttings in the Syhadree Mountains,
Bombay.
Beroldingen (FRANZ COLESTIN, Baron VON). [1740-1798]

Baron von Beroldingen, a Swiss by birth, spent most of his life in
Hanover and Rhenish Bavaria, where he held various ecclesiastical
appointments. He travelled much for the sake of increasing his know-
ledge of mineralogy and geology, and amassed a large number of mineral
and other specimens. His collection of minerals, consisting of about
14000 specimens, was inherited by his nephew, Count von Beroldingen,
and purchased from the latter in 1816. The specimens are small in size
and of mediocre quality, but at the time of acquisition they filled gaps in
the Museum collection, and in addition had some interest as illustrating
the ideas developed by the collector in his published works — more espe-
cially his "Bemerkungen auf einer Reise durch die Pfalzischen und
Zweybriickschen Quecksilber-Bergwerke," published in 1778. A manu-
script German catalogue in two volumes is preserved in the Department.

Beroldingen (JOSEPH IGNACE, Count VON). [1780-?]

Nephew of Baron von Beroldingen, mentioned above; Wiirtemberg

Minister in London.

His uncle's collection was purchased from him in 1816.

Berzelius (Prof. JONS JACOB). [1779-1848]

The famous Swedish chemist.

Presented, in 1817, specimens of berzelianite, yttrocerite, and other
Swedish minerals.

The British Museum Collection of Minerals was arranged for many
years according to Berzelius's chemical system.

Biot (Prof. JEAN BAPTISTS). [1774-1862]

Distinguished as a physicist.

Presented, in 1804, one of the ISAigle meteoric stones.

Birley (Miss CAROLINE).

Owner of a valuable collection of fossils and minerals.

Presented, in 1896, a large cube of purple fluor from Weardale,
Durham; and also various specimens at other times.

Blake (Dr.).

Presented, in 1819, a fragment of the Limerick meteorite.

416 Minerals.

Blanford (Dr. WILLIAM THOMAS). [1832- ]

Late of the Geological Survey of India; in 1868 accompanied to
Abyssinia, as geologist, the army commanded by Lord (then Sir Robert)
Napier, and collected a series of rock-specimens, which he presented in
1869. (The specimens are described in his book, " Observations on the
Geology and Zoology of Abyssinia," London, 1870 ; some also by Mr.
G. T. Prior in the " Mineralogical Magazine," 1899, vol. xii, pp. 92-95).

Bollaert (W.).

Presented, in 1857, two small fragments of the Imilac meteorite.

Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.

Presented, in 1889, fragments of the Bhagur and Kalambi meteorites.

The Eoyal Asiatic Society (of London) has founded several branches
in India, which must not be confounded with the Asiatic Society of
Bengal (q.v.).

Bonney (Prof. THOMAS GEORGE). [1833- ]

Professor of geology at University College, London [1876-1901].
Presented, in 1878, a collection of pitchstones and quartz-felsites from

the Island of Arran, and has published descriptions of several collections

of rocks presented to the Museum.

Born (IGNAZ, Baron VON). [1742-1791]

The collection formed by Baron von Born, and described by him in
the Lithophylacium, was purchased by Greville (q.v.}\ it formed the
nucleus of the latter's collection, which was purchased from the heirs-at-
law by the Trustees in 1810.

Bournon (JACQUES Louis, Count DE). [1751-1825]

Owing to the political unrest in France, Count de Bournon was long
resident in England, where he obtained employment in connection
with several mineral collections. From 1794-1806 he gave much of
his time to the arrangement of the Greville collection. The mineral
bournonite is named after him.

Bowen (Lieut. E.N.).

Sent about forty rock-specimens from the shores of the Gulf of
St. Lawrence ; the specimens were presented to the Trustees by H.E.H.
the Duke of Sussex in 1837.

Brandreth (A.).

Presented, in 1877, a fragment of the Jhung meteorite.

Brandreth (E. L.).

Presented, in 1868, a large mass of salt (halite) from Salt Range,
Punjab, India.

Bright (BENJAMIN). [7-1900]
See BRIGHT (Richard).

Bright (BENJAMIN HEYWOOD). [1787-1843]
See BRIGHT (Richard).

Minerals. 417

Bright (RICHARD). [1754-1840]

Richard Bright, senior, was a merchant and banker in Bristol, and
resided at Ham Green, on the Avon, near that city. A commercial
connection with the mines of Cornwall made him early a collector of
minerals and fossils. His second son, Benjamin Heywood [1787-1843],
added to the collection ; the latter's only son, Benjamin [?-1900],
presented it to the Trustees in 1873. British minerals, especially
celestite, gothite, agate, etc., from the neighbourhood of Bristol are well
represented in the collection. Of foreign minerals, special mention may
be made of red corundum from St. Gotthard, and large crystals of
idocrase from Egg, Norway.

British Association, Council of the.

Presented, in 1882, a collection of about 250 rock-specimens from
Scotland.

Brogger (Prof. WALDEMAB CHRISTOPHER). [1851- ]

Distinguished as a geologist and mineralogist.

Presented, in 1895, a specimen of broggerite, from Moss, Norway ;
a collection of rock-specimens from the Christiania district, illustrating
descriptions by him (Eruptivgesteine des Kristianiagebietes, I., 1894 ;
II., 1895 ; III., 1898), was purchased from a dealer in 1900.

Bruce (Prof. ARCHIBALD). [1777-1818]

Presented, in 1811, a specimen of chrysoberyl from Greenfield, New
York ; and, in 1814, a fragment of the Red River meteorite.

Bruce (JAMES).

Presented, in 1862, the large Cranbourne meteorite, weighing 3J tons,
which arrived at the Museum in 1865 ; it is by far the largest meteorite
in the collection.

Brukowsky (J.).

Presented, in 1884, various gem-stones, mostly faceted.

Buchanan, afterwards Hamilton (Dr. FRANCIS). [1762-
1829]

Distinguished as a botanist.

Collected, in 1810-1814, a large series of rocks from Gaya, Bhagalpur,
Shahabad and Goruckpur ; the specimens were incorporated in the India
Museum and transferred to the British Museum in 1879.

Buckland (Prof. WILLIAM, Dean of Westminster). [1784-1856]
Presented, in 1823, a specimen of aragonite from Buckfastleigh,
Devonshire.

Budapest, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Presented, in 1867 and 1875 respectively, fragments of the KnyaUnya
and Zsaddny meteorites.

Buie (JAMES).

Presented, in 1898, a large series of rock-specimens which he had
collected to illustrate the geology of the neighbourhood of Portsoy,
B.mffshire.

VOL. I. 2 B

418 Minerals.

Buist (Dr. G.).

Collected basalts (the Deccan traps), laterite, etc., from Bombay ; the
specimens were incorporated with the India Museum and in 1879 trans-
ferred to the British Museum.

Burney (Lieut.-Col EL).

Presented, in 1841, a cup of jadeite, which had been given to him by
the King of Ava.

Calcutta, Trustees of the Indian Museum.

Presented, in 1867, fragments of the Gopalpur and SJierghotty
meteorites, and, in 1870, of the Muti-ka-nagla meteorite.

Caldcleugh (ALEXANDER).

Presented, in 1822, a specimen of silver in calcite from Chili.

Campbell (Lord COLIN). [1853- ]

Presented, in 1894, a series of crystalline limestones and granulitee,
which he had collected in Ceylon.

Campbell (JAMES R).

On the death of Mr. Campbell, of Cheltenham, the Trustees were
permitted to make a selection from the well-chosen mineral specimens,
upwards of 3000 in number, which had been brought together by him ;
as a result nearly 500 specimens were purchased in 1861 and 1862, and
further three remarkable specimens were presented by his widow, one
of the latter being a radiating group of crystals of erytbrite, of a rich
crimson colour, on a matrix of crystallised quartz, from Schneeberg in
Saxony.

Carruthers (WILLIAM). [1830- ]

Keeper of the Botanical Department of the British Museum [1871-
1895].

Presented, in 1880, a collection of basaltic rocks from the neighbour-
hood of Burntisland and Kinghorn, Fifeshire ; and, in 1885, specimens of
obsidian and of calcareous and siliceous tufa from the Yellowstone Park,.
U.S.A.

Cathcart (CHARLES MURRAY, 2nd Earl of). [1783-1859]

Discoverer, in 1841, of a new mineral, found in excavating the

Bishopton Tunnel near Port Glasgow, to which after him (Lord Greenock,

as he then was) the name of greenockite was given.
Presented, in 1844, three specimens of the mineral.

Cautley (Sir PROBY THOMAS). [1802-1871]
Projector and constructor of the Ganges Canal.
Presented, in 1843, a fragment of the Akbarpur meteorite.

Charlesworth (EDWARD). [1813-1893]

Presented, in 1839, a specimen of the Cold Bokkeveld meteorite.

Charleton, or Charlton (WILLIAM).
See COUBTBK (William).

Minerals. 419

Children (JOHN GEORGE). [1777-1852]

Keeper of the Zoological Department of the British Museum [1837-
loiOJ.

Presented, in 1817, a fragment of the Mooresfort meteorite. In 1871,
after his death, childrenite and several other miueral specimens from his
collection were presented by his daughter, Mrs. Atkins/

Christie (H.).

Presented, in 1842, a specimen of tscheffkinite from Ilmen Mountains.
Eussia.

Church (ARTHUR HERBERT). [1834- ]

Professor of chemistry at the Eoyal Academy.

Presented many specimens, including (1881) a group of crystals of
uranocircite from Falkensteio, Saxony.

Clapperton (Gapt. HUGH, B.N.). [1788-1827]

Collected (1822-1824) a series of granites, sandstones, limestones,
basalts, etc., in the Soudan ; the specimens (about 70) were presented by
the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty in 1825.

Cleveland (HARRY GEORGE, ±th Duke of). [1803-1891]

Presented, in 1876, the Rowton meteorite.
Clifife (Dr. JOSE ESTEVAO).

Presented, in 1837, gold, diamond and other minerals from BraziU
Cogswell (Dr. A. C.).

Presented, in 1861, 40 specimens of zeolites from Nova Scotia.

Collins (ARTHUR LAUNCELOT). [1868-1902]
Mining engineer.
Presented, in 1891, a large crystal of sphene from Risor, Norway.

Collins (HENRY F.).

Mining engineer.

Presented, in 1903, a remarkable crystal of wollastonite, in great part
changed into opal, from Santa Fe, Chiapas, Mexico.

Compton (Earl, afterwards 2nd Marquess of Northampton).

See NORTHAMPTON (Spencer Joshua Alwyne, 2nd Marquess of).

Conway (Sir WILLIAM MARTIN). [1856- ]

Slade professor of Fine Art at the University of Cambridge, and a
well-known explorer.

Presented, in 1897, a series (about 300 small specimens) of rocks
and minerals from the Karakoram Himalayas; in 1899, a collection
(46 specimens) of Bolivian minerals; and, in 1901, a series of rock-
specimens from the Bolivian Andes.

Conyngham (G. LENNOX).

Presented, in 1861, a fragment of the Dhurmsata meteorite.

Cook, afterwards Widdrington (Capt. SAMUEL EDWARD, R.N.).

[£-1856]
Presented, in 1831, a specimen of malachite from Linares, Spain.

0 r. O

420 Minerals.

Cotter (Miss G. E.).

Presented, in 1876, a remarkable specimen of quartz (" cotterite ")
discovered by her in Rock Forest, County Cork.

Courten, otherwise Charleton, or Charlton (WILLIAM).

[1642-1702]

William Courten came of a family which, especially during the life-
time of his grandfather, Sir William Courten, occupied a pre-eminent
position amongst the great mercantile traders of the day, but which about
the date of his birth met with misfortune, mainly owing to political disturb-
ances. William Courten himself seems to have had little or no disposition
for mercantile affairs. To avoid the turmoil caused by the litigation for
and against the family estates, he retired to Montpelier, and, dropping his
own name, assumed that of Charleton (or Charlton). Here he devoted
himself to the enrichment of his museum, which, on his return to England
after fourteen years' absence, he arranged in ten rooms in the Middle
Temple. At his death his large collections passed to Sir Hans Sloane
(q.v.), his residuary legatee.

Cowper (SYDNEY).

Presented, in 1886, a large slab of golden-yellow cat's-eye (quartz),
and another of blue, ashes tiform crocidolite, from the Asbestos Mountains,
South Africa.

Cracherode (Rev. CLAYTON MOEDAUNT). [1730-1799]

Trustee of the British Museum [1784-1799].

A member of an ancient family, long resident in Essex, Cracherode
passed most of his life in London. Although he took orders in the
English Church, and held for a time the curacy of Binsey, near Oxford,
he neither sought nor obtained further preferment, but devoted all his
leisure to amassing a fine collection of books, prints, coins, medals,
gems, minerals and shells, all of which came to the Museum by bequest
in 1799. Many of the mineral specimens were choice examples, and
their cost to the collector had been considerable. A detailed manuscript
catalogue of the collection is preserved in the Department. Special
mention may be made of : — polished slabs of labradorite and lapis lazuli ;
crystallised specimens of blende, tetrahedrite, argentite, pyrargyrite and
heulandite.

Cunningham (J. F.).

Presented, in 1899, one of the Zomba meteoric stones.
Gust (L.).

Presented, in 1894, 36 specimens, mostly English, from the mineral
collection made by his mother, Lady Gust.

Dana (EDWARD SALISBURY). [1849- ]

Professor of physics and curator of mineralogy at Yale University.

Presented, in 1878, specimens of the newly-discovered minerals
eosphorite, triploidite, dickinsonite and lithiophilite from Branchville,
Connecticut.

Davies (THOMAS). [1837-1892]

Assistant in the Mineral Department of the British Museum [1862-
1892].

Presented, in 1874, about 50 specimens of basaltic rocks from Fifeshire
and Skye ; and many other specimens in subsequent years.

Minerals. 421

Davis (Major ALEXANDER HENRY).

Presented, in 1903, a magnificent crystal of kunzite, a lilac-coloured
variety of spodumene, from California.

Denison (Sir WILLIAM THOMAS, K.C.B.). [1804-1871]
Governor of Madras [1861-1866].
Presented, in 1862, the Nellore and ParnaJlee meteorites.

Des Cloizeaux (ALFRED Louis OLIVIER LEGRAND). [1817-
1897]

Professor of mineralogy at the Natural History Museum, Paris.

Presented, in 1879, senarmontite, several large colourless octahedra on
the matrix, from Mine d'Hamimad, Constantine, Algeria.

Devonshire (WILLIAM GEORGE SPENCER, Qth Duke of).

[1790-1858]

Presented, in 1820, calcite and copper-pyrites from the Ecton mine,
Leek, Staffordshire.

Doran (PATRICK).

Collected about 200 specimens of volcanic rocks in Ireland which
were purchased in 1869.

Douglas (Dr. JAMES).

Metallurgist, of New York.

Presented, in 1892, a large mass of botryoidal malachite from Copper
Queen mine, Bisbee, Arizona; and, in 1896, crystallised masses and
groups of chessylite and malachite from the same locality.

D'Oyly (Rev. GEORGE, D.D.}. [1778-1846]

Brother of Sir John D'Oyly, Bart., who held various high official
positions in Ceylon, and doubtless sent over the mineral specimens from
Ceylon, which Dr. D'Oyly presented in 1827.

Dudgeon (PATRICK). [1817-1894]

One of the founders of the Mineralcgical Society; gave to the
Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art his large collection of minerals,
which was especially rich ia Scottish specimens.

Presented, in 1858, zeolites and other minerals from Scotland and the
Faroe Islands ; and, in 1882, leadhillite, hemimorphite, etc., from Lead-
hills and Wanlockhead, amazon stone from Tongue, Sutherlandshire, and
other minerals.
Duncan (JOHN).

Presented, in 1782, a specimen of malachite from China.
Dunn (EDWARD JOHN).

About 200 specimens of dolerites, schists, conglomerates, etc., from
South Africa (Namaqualand, Transvaal, etc.), collected by him, were
obtained by exchange in 1873.
Durazzo (Marchese IPPOLITO). [1754-1818]

Mineralogist and afterwards botanist, of Genoa.

His collection of minerals was probably acquired by Greville (y.v.) ;
an undated manuscript catalogue of the collection is preserved in the
Department. (The epoch of formation of the collection and catalogue
is roughly indicated by the system of classification, which is the one
published by Cronstcdt in 1758.)

422 Minerals.

East India Company, Directors of the.

Presented, in 1848, 19 specimens of rocks and minerals from Aden.

(After the Mutiny the powers of the Company were taken over by the
Crown in 1858. Hence, for specimens presented at a later date, see India,
Secretary of State for.)

Eck (P. A.).

Presented, in 1882, chlorargyrite, native silver, argentopyrite, and
other minerals, from Chili.

Ecton Mine, Proprietors of the.

Presented, in 1885, large, dark, scalenohedral crystals of calcite,
enclosing copper-pyrites, from Ecton mine, Leek, Staffordshire.

Egerton (Sir PHILIP MALPAS DE GREY, Bart.}. [1806-1881]
Trustee of the British Museum ; much interested in geology, especially

fossil fishes.

Presented, in 1840, crystallised vivianite, contained in the interior of

an Irish deer's tooth, from Ireland.

Elliot (GEORGE FRANCIS SCOTT).

Botanist.

Presented, in 1896, about 100 specimens of gneisses, schists, dolerites,
etc., which he had collected in Sierra Leone ; and, in 1900, about 150
specimens of schists, sandstones, phonolitic rocks, etc., v/hich he had
collected in British East Africa.

Evans (Dr. JOHN WILLIAM).

Geologist.

Presented, in 1894, about 100 specimens of sandstones, limestones,
shales, etc., which he had collected in Matto Grosso, Brazil.

Exeter (BROWNLOW, 3th Earl of). [1725-1793]

Presented, in 1764, a table-top inlaid with Vesuvian products; and, in
1765, a polished oval slab of brown and yellow jasper.

Feilden (Col HENRY WEMYSS, C.B.). [1838- ]

Collected a large series of gneisses, schists, slates, limestones, etc., from
north Greenland, during Sir G. S. Nares's Arctic Expedition of 1875-1876 ;
the specimens were presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Ad-
miralty in 1877.

Fergusson (MALCOLM).

Collected a series of about 50 specimens of schists, felsites, phonolites,
etc., from Tropical East Africa ; the specimens were presented by the
Lake Tanganyika Expedition Committee in 1900.

FitzGerald (EDWARD ARTHUR). [1871- ]

Climber and explorer.

Presented (with Mr. S. Vines), in 1899, a series (about 60 specimens)
of andesitic lavas, etc., which they had collected in the Andes.

Fleming (Dr. ANDREW).

Collected, about the year 1853, a series of specimens (limestones,
sandstones, slates, etc.), illustrating the geology of the Punjab Salt Range
and of the Cashmere Hills ; the specimens were incorporated in the India
Museum, and transferred to the British Museum in 1879.

Minerals. 423

Flinders (Capt. MATTHEW, R.N.). [1774-1814]

Hydrographer and discoverer.

Collected a series of schists, slates, limestones', etc., on the north and
«ast coasts of Australia in 1801-1803 ; the specimens (about 50) were
presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty in 1811.

Port (RICHARD). [1856- ]

Presented, in 1886, a series of polished specimens of protogine from
Mont Blanc.

Geinitz (Dr. HANNS BRUNO). [1814-1900]

Director of the Royal Mineralogical Museum at Dresden [1857-1900].
Presented, in 1886, a fragment of the Nenntmannsdorf meteorite.

Giesecke (CHARLES LEWIS). [1761-1833]

Carl Ludwig Metzler (afterwards Giesecke) collected minerals during
a sis years' residence in Greenland. In 1811, the ship containing the
specimens collected by him was captured by a French privateer, retaken,
by an English frigate, and with its cargo sold by auction at Leith ; many
of the specimens were acquired by Thomas Allan (q.v.). In 1813,
Giesecke returned from Greenland with another collection, and visited
Allan at Edinburgh. Through the latter's instrumentality, he was
shortly afterwards appointed director of the Museum of the Royal Dublin
Society.

Gosset (Col M.).

See JONES (Prof. THOMAS RUPERT).

Gravine (G.).

Presented, in 1838, twenty-four Sicilian ambers.

Great Britain and Ireland, Director of the Geological
Survey of.

Presented, in 1903, a collection of rock-specimens from the Assynt
district, Sutherlandshire.

Great Laxey Mine, Proprietors of the.

Presented, in 1851, a very large group of crystals of galena with
rhombohedra of calcite and some blende, from the mine.

Greg (ROBERT HYDE). [1795-1875]

After the death of Thomas Allan (j.t>.), his mineral collection was
privately purchased in 1835 from his executors through Prof. Trail, of
Edinburgh, by Robert Hyde Greg, a Manchester merchant, to whose
residence, Norcliffe Hall, Cheshire, the collection was moved in the follow-
ing year, 1836. R. H. Greg, although possessed of some knowledge of
mineralogy, was better known a* an economist and antiquary, and f<
some years after it came into his possession no additions were made to
the collection. His son, Robert Philips [1826- ], took up the subject
with great vigour, and for three years, 1848-1851, spent considerable
sums in bringing the collection up to date by the acquisition of new
specimens, mostly through various dealers. R. P. Greg is well-known to
mineralogists as joint author with W. G. Lettsom of a " Manual of the
Mineralogy of Great Britain and Ireland," published in 1858, which
contains many allusions to specimens in the Allan-Greg collection. In
1860 the collection was purchased by the Trustees from R. H. Greg

424 Minerals.

through his son. It consisted at that date of about 9000 specimens, all
of which were numbered and arranged. Its series of British minerals,
with the exception of Cornish specimens, was the finest known. The
collection was also rich in Norwegian minerals, and the series of chessy-
lite and idocrase were extraordinarily good. It also included specimens-
of twenty-seven meteorites which were at that time unrepresented in the
Museum.

Greg (ROBERT PHILIPS). [1826- ]

Son of Robert Hyde Greg (q.v.~).
Gregory (JAMES REYNOLDS). [1832-1900]

Mineral dealer, of London.

A selection (58 specimens) of faceted stones (sphene, spinel, sapphire,
zircon, etc.) was purchased from his collection in 1889.

Gregory (JOHN WALTER). .[1864- ]

Assistant in the Geological Department of the British Museum [1887-
1900] ; professor of geology and mineralogy at the University of Melbourne
since 1900 ; director of the Geological Survey of Victoria since 1901.

Presented, in 1895, variolitic diabases collected by him in the
Fichtelgebirge, and schists and variolites collected by him in the Cottian
Alps ; and, in 1900, a series of rock-specimens collected by him during
his expedition to Mount Kenya in 1892-1893.

Grenville (WILLIAM WYNDHAM, Baron). [1759-1834]

Distinguished as a statesman.

Presented 189 specimens of Peruvian minerals, chiefly ores, in 1809 ;
a manuscript list of them, received at the same time, is preserved in the
Department.

Greville (Et. Hon. CHARLES FRANCIS, P.O.). [1749-1809]

The Et. Hon. Charles Greville, P.O., F.R.S., of London, son of the
first Earl of Warwick, and nephew of Sir William Hamilton, died intestate
in the year 1809, and it became necessary to realise his property for
division among his next-of-kin. The property included a collection of
minerals which he had been forming for more than thirty years, and had
arranged in his house at Paddington Green. Its nucleus was the collection
of Baron von Born (<?.«.), which was purchased from him by Greville.
To this was probably added the collection of the Marchese Ippolito
Durazzo (q.v.~). Between 1794 and 1806 Count de Bournon (q.v.) gave
much time to the arrangement of Greville's collection, and during the
same period gave advice as regarded further acquisitions. The collection
became eventually the finest assemblage of minerals which had been seen
in England, and was declared by English mineralogists and Count de
Bournon in 1810 to be in most parts tqual, and in many parts superior,
to the best Continental collections. A sum of money \\ as specially voted
by Parliament for the purchase of the collection, numbering about 14800-
specimens, for the British Museum. The faceted stones of the Greville
collection did not form part of this purchase, but had been disposed of
separately; but the precious stones in their native condition were well
represented ; there were fine series of crystallised diamond, ruby, sapphire,,
emerald, topaz, and rubellite. It also included fragments of the following
meteorites : — Barbotan, Cape of Good Hope, Elbogen, Ensisheim, Salles,
Tabor and Weston, all of which had been unrepresented in the Museum
Collection.

Minerals, 425

Grewingk (CONSTANTIN CASPAR ANDREAS). [1819-1887]
Professor of mineralogy at the University of Dorpat [1857-1887].
Presented, in 1865, a fragment of the Nerft meteorite.

Grey (Sir GEORGE, K.C.B.). [1812-1898]

A famous explorer and statesman.

Presented, iu 1845, a collection (about 300 specimens) of granites,
schists, sandstones, limestones, etc., from South Australia ; and, in 1855,
a specimen of jade from New Zealand.

Gunther (ROBERT THEODORE). [1869- ]

Fellow and tutor of Magdalen College, Oxford.

Presented, in 1899, a small series of volcanic rocks and limestones,
which he had collected in the neighbourhood of Lake Urumia, Persia.

Guppy (HENRY BROUGHAM).

Surgeon of H.M.S. Lark.

Presented, iu 1883, a series of andesites, dacites, basalts, limestones,
etc., which he had collected in the Salomon Islands.

Guthrie (C. S. J. L.).

Presented, in 1869, a remarkable parallel growth of crystals of
rubellite, of a deep colour, from Ava.

Haddon (ALFRED CORT). [1855- ]

Lecturer in ethnology at the University of Cambridge.

Presented, in 1894, a series of basalts, granites, limestones, etc., which

he had collected at Torres Straits.

Haidinger (WILHELM KARL VON). [1795-1871]

Haidinger, born at Vienna, early displayed a bent towards mineralogy,
and, in 1812, studied with Prof. Mohs at Graz, accompanying Lim to
Freiberg on the latter's transference to that town in 1817. He remained
there five years, and, in 1822, travelled to France and England. He
made the acquaintance of Thomas Allan (q.v.), an Edinburgh banker,
and rendered him great assistance in the formation and arrangement of
his fine mineral collection. During the years 1825 and 1826, he accom-
panied Allan's son, Robert, on a scientific journey through nearly the
whole of Europe. For thirteen years (1827-1840) he was with his brothers
at their porcelain factory in Elbogen, and, in 1840, succeeded Mohs at
Vienna. Here he founded the union of the " Freunde der Naturwissen-
schaften," from which sprang the Academy of Sciences and numerous other
scientific societies. In 1849, he was appointed director of the new
Geologische Reichsanstalt, a post held till his retirement in 1866.

Hamilton (Dr. FRANCIS).

See BUCHANAN, afterwards HAMILTON (Dr. Francis).

Hamilton (Hi. Hon. Sir WILLIAM, K.B.). [1730-1803]

British Minister at the Court of Naples.

Presented specimens of lavas, and a series of large polished sections
of volcanic bombs from the dolomitic breccias of Monte Somma, Vesuvius,
in the years 1768, 1769, 1772 and 1779.
Hamlin (Dr. AUGUSTUS CHOATE). [1828- ]

Of Maine, U.S.A.

Presented, in 1871, a fragment of the Searsmont meteorite.

426 Minerals.

Hanks (Pro/. HENRY G.).
Of San Francisco.
Presented, in 1885, a fragment of the Ivanpali meteorite.

Hardman (EDWARD TOWNLEY). [1845-1887]

Presented, in 1886, a collection (about 150 specimens) of granites,
dolerites, quartzites, etc., from Western Australia.

Harman (FREDERICK E.).

Presented, in 1894, about 100 specimens of gneisses, schists, dolerites,
etc., from Bechuanaland.

Harrington (Dr. BERNARD JAMES).

Presented, in 1885, dawsonite, phlogopite (a large crystal), meneghinite,
etc., from Canada.

Hatch (Dr. FREDERICK HENRY). [1864- ]

Geologist and mining engineer.

Presented, in 1897, a series of about 100 rock-specimens, which he
collected to illustrate the geology of the southern Transvaal.

Hatchett (CHARLES). [1765-1847]

Charles Hatchett, F.R.S., of London, devoted the earlier part of his
life to the study of mineralogy and chemistry, and is still remembered by
chemists for his discovery of a new metal to which he gave the name
columbium. His extensive mineral collection, numbering some 7000,
mostly small, specimens, was purchased in 1799. The collection was
particularly rich in British minerals, and, in addition, Mr. Hatchett, in
the course of his travels on the Continent, and by means of correspondence,
had obtained many good illustrations of foreign minerals; from Count
A polios de Moussin Poushkin, for example, he had received a large number
of Eussian specimens, a manuscript list of which is preserved in the
Department. The collection also included a fragment of the Senegal River
meteorite. Hatchett presented, in 1821, a specimen of hatchettite (the
mineral species named after him) from Merthyr Tydvil, South Wales.

Hauer (Dr. CARL HITTER VON). [1819-1880]

Of Vienna.

Prepared numerous so-called artificial crystals, which were shown in
the Austrian Court of the Exhibition held in London in the year 1862 ;
the specimens were presented in the same year.

Hearne (SAMUEL). [1745-1792]

Explorer.

Brought, in 1771, a large water-worn mass of copper from a spot
29 or 30 miles S.S.E. of the mouth of the Coppermine river, British
North America ; the specimen was presented to the British Museum by
the Hudson Bay Co. in 1818.

Herschel (Sir JOHN FREDERICK WILLIAM, Bart.). [1792-
1871]

Distinguished as an astronomer.

Presented, in 1839, a specimen of the Cold BolcJceveld meteorite.

Heuland (HENRY). [1777 1-1856]
Mineral dealer, of London.
Many specimens have been acquired through him, notably those

Minerals. 427

selected from the extensive collection belonging to the Countess of
Aylesford (q.v.) ; he also presented, in 1831, a fragment of the Bifburg
meteorite.

Hicks (GEORGE). [1-1902]

Of Newquay.

Presented, in 1879, the large mass, weighing 450 Ib. (204 kilograms),
of the Imilac meteorite, and also the Mount Hicks and Serranict de
Varas meteorites ; and, in 1882, a large pure mass of chlorargyrite from
Florida mine, Taltal, Atacama, Chili.

Hicks (Dr. HENRY). [1837-1899]

Presented, in 1878, rock specimens which he had collected at
St. Davids, Pembrokeshire ; and, in 1881, a similar series together with
a collection from Koss-shire, illustrating his papers on the Pre-Cambrian
rocks published in the Quart. Journ. Qeol. Soc. The corresponding thin
sections were presented by his widow in 1902.

Hidden (WILLIAM EARL).

Presented, in 1895, mackintoshite from Texas, and ruby from North
Carolina. " Hiddenite," a rich green variety of spodumene, was named
after him ; a fine faceted specimen was purchased in 1881.

Hill (?).

Presented, in 1827, a specimen ;of hatchettite from Merthyr Tydvil,
South Wales.
Hinrichs (Dr. GUSTAVUS DETLEF). [1836- ]

Of Iowa, U.S.A.

Presented, in 1875, a fragment of the West Liberty meteorite.

Hodgson (JOSEPH). [1788-1869]

Presented, in 1857, a specimen of jarrowite.

Hoffmann (Dr. GEORGE CHRISTIAN).

Assistant-director of the Canadian Geological Survey.

Presented, in 1891, a collection (about 50 specimens) made by him of
the nepheline-syenites and associated camptonitic dykes of Montreal, and
also several minerals.

Hohmann (THEODOR). [1843-1897]

Mining engineer in Chili.

A series of about 55 specimens, selected from his private collection of
South American minerals, was purchased in 1903.

Holds-worth (T. H.).

Presented, in 1832, childrenite from Crinnis mine, Cornwall.

Hooper (THOMAS J.).

Presented, in 1899, a large specimen of andorite, encrusted with
numerous large crystals, from Itos Atocha mine, Oruro, Bolivia.

Horsfield (Dr. THOMAS). [1773-1859]

Keeper of the Museum of the East India Company, London [1820-1859].

Collected, in 1816, a large series (about 300 specimens) of andesitic
and basaltic lavas, limestones, etc., from Java; the specimens were
incorporated with the India Museum, and transferred to the British
Museum in 1879.

428 Minerals.

Howarth (OSBERT HENRY).

Of London.

Presented, in 1899, a fragment of the El Banchito (Bacubirito)
meteorite.

Hudson Bay Company.

Presented, in 1818, a waterworn mass of copper, brought by Samuel
Hearne from a spot 29 or 30 miles S.S.E. of the mouth of the Coppermine
river, British North America, in 1771.

Hume (Sir ABRAHAM, Bart.). [1749-1838].

Presented, in 1822, two polished slabs of jadeite from China.

The fine mineral collection brought together by him is in the posses-
sion of the University of Cambridge.

Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

See BUDAPEST, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Hunt (ARTHUR ROOPE).

Presented, in 1895, a series of rock-specimens, which he had collected
in Devonshire ; the specimens were selected to show the relations between
the Devonian and metamorphic rocks.

Hussak (Dr. EUGEN).

Of the Commissao Geographica e Geologica de Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Presented, in 1897, new minerals (tripuhyite, derbylite and lewisite)
from Brazil.

India, Director of the Geological Survey of.

Presented fragments of the Chandpur and Pirthalla meteorites in
1885, of the Nammianthal meteorite in 1886, of the Lalitpur meteorite
in 1887, of the Kahangarai meteorite in 1892, of the Bishunpur and Bori
meteorites in 1895, of the Ambapur Nayla meteoiite in 1896, of flhe
Nawalpali meteorite in 1897, of the Gambat meteorite in 1898, of the
Donga Kohrod and Kodaikanal meteorites in 1901, and of the Sindhri
meteorite in 1902 ; also a large crystal of colourless, transparent blodite,
very symmetrically developed on all sides, from Warcha Mine, Salt
Kange, Punjab, India, in 1893 ; and, in 1901, a large collection of typical
rock-specimens from India, which formed part of the India Exhibit at the
Paris Exhibition of 1900.

India Museum, London.

In 1877, fragments of meteorites, including the Gurram Konda stone,
and, in 1879, various mineral specimens and rock-collections, were trans-
ferred from the India Museum.

India, Secretary of State for.

Presented the Bustee, Durala and one of the Slialka meteoric stones
in 1860, a fragment of the Dhurmsala meteorite in 1861, one of the
Supuhee meteoric stones in 1865, and the Udipi meteorite in 1869.

Indian Museum, Trustees of the.

See CALCUTTA, Trustees of the Indiau Museum.

Inglis (Sir ROBERT HARRY, Bart.). [1786-1855]
Trustee of the British Museum.
Presented, in 1842, harmotome, strontianite, etc., from Strontian.

Minerals. 429

Jamaica Institute, Governors of the.

Presented, in 1885, a fragment of the Lucky Hill meteorite.
Jennings (ALFRED VAUGHAN). [1864-1903]

Demonstrator of geology and botany at the Eoyal College of Science,
Dublin.

Presented, in 1899, rock-specimens, which he had collected in the
Davos district, and in the Manod and Moelwyns, Wales.

Jervis (Cavaliere GUGLIELMO PAGET).

Curator of the Keale Museo Industriale Italiano, Turin.

A large series of Italian minerals and rocks, including marbles from
the various quarries in the vicinity of Carrara, collected by him, was
purchased in 1877; and a series (300 specimens) of gneisses, schists,
slates, etc., from Italian and Alpine localities, to supplement the earlier
series, was purchased in 1897.

Joel (LEWIS).

Vice-Consul at Cobija.

Presented, in 1863, a meteoric iron found in the Desert of Atacama,
Chili.

Johnson (J. C. F.).

Presented, in 1897, specimens of gold ores from the various gold-fields
of Australia.

Johnston (Sir HARRY HAMILTON, G.C.M.G.). [1858- ]

Presented, in 1902, a large collection of ferruginous schists, phonolitic
rocks, basalts, nephelinites, etc., from the Uganda Protectorate, of which
he was Commissioner (1899-1901).

Jones (Prof. THOMAS RUPERT). [1819- ]

Presented, in 1889, about 60 specimens of limestones, schists, etc., which
had been collected in Somaliland by Captain S. King during an expedition
from Zaila to Mount Eilo, and a small series of granites, felsites, etc.,
which had been collected by Col. M. Gosset in Sokotra.

Judd (Prof. JOHN WESLEY, C.B.). [1840- ]

Professor of geology since 1876 at, and dean since 1895 of, the Royal
College of Science, London.

Presented, in 1874, a collection of rock-fragments from Mull and
Arran, illustrating his papers in the Quart. Journ. Oeol. Soc. on the
Tertiary eruptive rocks from the Western Islands of Scotland ; and, in
1877, a series of andesitic rocks from the districts round Schemnitz and
Kremnitz, Hungary ; and many other specimens in subsequent years.

Junagadh (Nawab of).

Presented, in 1894, a fragment of the Bherai meteorite.
Keilhau (Prof. BALTHAZAR MATHIAS). [1797-1858]

Presented (with Prof. Scheerer), in 1843, mispickel, allanite and
gadolinite, from Norway.
Kiamil (His Highness, Pasha).

Presented, in 1903, a fragment of the Caratash meteorite.

King"(tfop£. S.).

. . See JONES (Prof. Thomas Rupert).

430 Minerals.

Kjerulf (Prof. THEODOR). [1825-1888]
Director of the Geological Survey of Norway.
Presented, in 1865, a fragment of the Ski meteorite.

Koch (Bergrath FRIEDRICH CARL LUDWIG). [1799-1852]

A selection (200 specimens) from his collection of minerals, mainly
from the Harz, was purchased in 1897.

Kochibe (Dr. TADANORI).

Director of the Geological Survey of Japan.

Presented, in 1900, about 158 representative minerals and rocks from
Japan.

Koksharov (General NICOLAI IVANOVICH). [1818-1893]

Koksharov was the son of the Director of Mines at Beresovsk, in the
Urals, and, following in his father's footsteps, became a mining engineer
in the Imperial Service. In 1845, he was appointed professor, and, in
1872, Director of the Mining Institute at St. Petersburg, a post held till
his retirement in 1891. His private collection (about 3250 specimens)
was purchased in 1865, and the Museum was thereby enriched with an
admirable series of Kussian, and, in particular, of Siberian minerals, the
finest specimens of which are rarely offered for sale beyond the borders of
the Eussian Empire. The collection had served as material for the
valuable series of memoirs in ten volumes, published by General
Koksharov under the title of " Materialien zur Mineralogie Knsslands "
(1853-1891). His position as Director of the Mining Institute at St.
Petersburg afforded him exceptional opportunities for the acquisition of
fine specimens.

Koulibini (Prof.).
Of St. Petersburg.
Presented, in 1877, a fragment of the Verkhne-DnieprovsJe meteorite.

Krantz (Dr. AUGUST). [1809-1872]

Mineral dealer of Berlin and, after 1850, of Bonn.

A large series of crystals (2624 in number), brought together by him,
was purchased in 1859 ; it contained specimens of very rare minerals,
such as euclase and wagnerite, and was rich in series of felspars,
hemimorphite, augite, chrysolite, beryl, phenakite, sapphire and zircon.

Lake Tanganyika Expedition Committee.

Presented, in 1900, a series (50 specimens) of schists, felsites, phono-
lites, etc., collected by Mr. M. Fergusson in Tropical East Africa.

Lane (A. I*.).

Presented, in 1903, fine specimens of cerussite from Broken Hill, New
South Wales.

La Trobe (Rev. BENJAMIN).

A prominent Moravian Minister.

Presented, in 1777, two large, polished slabs of labradorite (showing
change of colour on change of incidence of the light), from Nain,
Labrador.

Latrobe (CHARLES JOSEPH). [1801-1875]
Governor of Victoria.
The "Latrobe" gold nugget, weighing 23 oz. Troy (717 grams), and

Minerals. 431

well crystallised in cubes, was so called in his honour, having been raised
in his presence at Mclvor Mount, Victoria, on May 1st, 1853 ; the nugget
was purchased in 1858.

Law (S.).

Presented, in 1843, carnelian, jasper and chalcedony, from India.
Leadbeater (BENJAMIN).

Presented, in 1838, witherites from Northumberland.
Lehmann (GUSTAV).

Presented, in 1874, two large, isolated crystals of parisite from Muso,
Colombia.

Leidy (Dr. JOSEPH). [1823-1891]

Presented, in 1876, specimens of corundum and associated minerals
from North Carolina and Pennsylvania, and also various other minerals
from the United States ; and, in 1878, coquimbite, erythrite, etc., from
Chili.

Lettsom (WILLIAM GARROW). [?-1887]

Joint author with E. P. Greg (q.v.) of a " Manual of the Mineralogy
of Great Britain and Ireland," published in 1858.

Presented, in 1846, a group of pale flesh-red rhombohedra of chabazite
(acadialite) on the matrix, and a group of brick-red rhombohedra of
chabazite with stilbite in a rock-cavity, both from Wasson's Bluff, Bay of
Fundy, Nova Scotia ; in 1850, two groups of dark-green crystals of epidote
on the matrix, from Traversella, Piedmont ; and, in 1863, specimens of
chalcedonic minerals from Uruguay.

Leuchtenberg (H.I.H. ihe DuJce of). [1843-1891]

President of the Imperial Mineralogical Society of St. Petersburg

[1865-1891].

Presented, in 1869, a nugget of platinum, weighing 1350 grains

(87 '5 grams), from Nijni-Tagilsk, Urals.

Liversidge (ARCHIBALD). [1846- ]

Professor of chemistry at the University of Sydney.

Presented, in 1885, thin sections, and, in 1897, a fragment of the
Barratta, meteorite ; and, in 1891, a slice of the Thunda meteorite.

Loftus (WILLIAM KENNETT). [1821 M858]

Archaeologist and traveller.

Presented, in 1855, limestones, schists and slates, which he had
collected in the mountain ranges of western Persia, and also volcanic rocks
from Lake Van, etc.
Logan (Sir WILLIAM EDMOND). [1798-1875]

Director of the Geological Survey of Canada [1842-1870].

Presented, in 1856, a fragment of the Madoc meteorite.

London Basalt Stone Company, Directors of the.

Presented, in 1899, a column of basalt, 14* feet (4 "4 meters) long,
from Ehenish Prussia.
Ludlam (HENRY). [1824-1880]

Henry Ludlam devoted his leisure to mineralogy, and brought together
an extremely fine collection, in which were included the collections made

432 Minerals.

by Charles Hampden Turner and William Nevill ; it was bequeathed by
him to the Museum of Practical Geology, London. He presented to the
British Museum, in 1877, a magnificent group of large, transparent,
scalenohedral crystals of Chilian proustite, which, having been protected
from the light, have retained both their colour and their transparency ;
and, in 1879, a large collection (about 600 specimens) of volcanic rocks
from various European localities (Auvergne, Vosges, etc.).

Lutschaunig (ALFRED).

Presented, in 1864, a meteoric stone, found in the Desert of Atacama,
Chili.
Lyon (Copt. GEORGE FRANCIS, R.H.). [1795-1832]

A suite of specimens of alluvial and other gold, brought together
by him during his stay in the principal gold districts of Brazil, was
purchased in 1833.

McClounie (J.).

Presented, in 1899, one of the Zomba meteoric stones.

McCormick (Deputy Inspector-General ROBERT, R.N.). [1800-

1890]

A selection from the rock-specimens collected by him during the
Arctic Expedition of 1827, Antarctic Expedition of 1839-1843, and the
Franklin Search Expedition of 1852-1853, came to the Museum in 1890
by bequest.

Macdonald (Major C.).

Presented, in 1862, a series of specimens of turquoise from Wadi
Maghara, Arabia Petraea.

Maclear (Sir THOMAS). [1794-1879]

Astronomer Royal at the Cape of Good Hope [1833-1870],
Presented, in 1839 and 1863, respectively, specimens of the Cold

Bokkeveld and Kaee meteorites.

Majendie (ASHURST).

Presented, in 1835, diallage, cuprite and other minerals from Cornwall.
Mantell (Dr. GIDEON ALGERNON). [1790-1852]

Geologist.

Presented, in 1834, a very large mass of aluminite from Newhaven,
Sussex. A fragment of the Nanjemoy meteorite was purchased from him
in 1839.

Marks (E. W.).

Presented, in 1854, several crystals of parisite from Muso, Colombia.
Marryat (1).

Presented, in 1819, three specimens of ilvaite from Elba.

Marsham-Townshend (Hon. ROBERT). [1834- ]

Presented, in 1877, thirty specimens, mostly from Brazil, including
quartz, pyrrhotite and chalybite, from San Juan del Key mine, Minas
Geraes.

Maskelyne (MERVIN HERBERT NEVIL Story-).

See STORY-MASKKLYNE (Mervin Herbert Nevil).

Minerals. 433

Medlicott (HENRY BENEDICT). [1829- ]

Director of the Geological Survey of India [1876-1887].
Presented, in 1886, thirty-seven specimens of Indian rocks.

Menzies (ARCHIBALD). [1754-1842]

Presented, in 1800, iron-pyrites with blende, copper-pyrites, pearl-spar
calcite and quartz, all crystallised, from Chili.

Merino (MIGUEL).

Astronomer at Madrid.

Presented, in 1896, a fragment of the Madrid meteorite.

Mitchell (Sir THOMAS LIVINGSTONE). [1792-1855]

Australian explorer.

Presented, in 1848, a collection (about 50 specimens) of rocks and
minerals from northern Australia.

Moll (KARL EHRENBART, Baron VON). [1760-1838]

From 1790 to 1804 Baron von Moll was Chancellor of the Exchequer of
the Electorate of Salzburg. He then retired from public life, and devoted
his leisure to scientific pursuits at Munich, and later at Augsburg. His
library and natural history collections were purchased in 1815; many
minerals of great scarcity and beauty, especially from Salzburg and the
Tyrol, were thus added to the collection.

Monte del Aquacata Mining Company.

Presented, in 1872, a large mass of gold-quartz, portion of a rich quartz-
lode, from San Rafael, Costa Rica.

Monticelli (TEODORO). [1759-1846]

Monticelli, a benedictine, was for two years [1792-1794] professor of
ethics at the University of Naples. The following years, till 1800, were
spent in prison, as a result of his participation in the political disturbances
of the time. He was appointed professor of chemistry at the University
of Naples in 1808. His large collection (upwards of 2000 specimens) of
Vesuvian products, both minerals and lavas, etc., was purchased in 1823.
The results of a study of these products are given in Monticelli and
Covelli's " Prodromo della Mineralogia Vesuviana," 1825. A manuscript
list of the specimens, in the handwriting of Covelli, is preserved in
the Department. Many of the best specimens of crystallised Vesuvian
minerals now in the Museum came as part of the Monticelli collection.

Moreno (Dr. FRANCISCO P.).

Director of the Museum of La Plata.

Presented, in 1899, a large polished slab of green marble from
La Toma, Argentina, and a fragment of the Caperr meteorite.

Moss (MILTON).

Mining engineer, of Cripple Creek, Colorado.

Brought together, during the years 1894-1901, an excellent suite of
rare tellurides, including several fine crystals, from Cripple Creek, which
were purchased from him.
Miiller (Gapt. WILLIAM). [M846]

Presented, in 1820, boracite from Liineburg.

VOL. I. 2 F

434 Minerals.

Murray (Sir JOHN, K.C.B.). [1841- ]

The collections, obtained by the Challenger Expedition of 1873-1876,
were presented, in 1890, by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty
through Sir John Murray.

Nabeshima (NAOTARO).
Of Japan.
Presented, in 1883, the Ogi meteorite.

Nares (Rev. ROBERT). [1753-1829]

Presented, in 1797, two mamillary masses and a polished slab of
malachite from the Urals.

Netherlands, Government of the.

Presented, in 1887, a fragment of the Djati-Pengilon meteorite.

Neumayer (Dr. GEORG BALTHASAR). [1826- ]
Of Hamburg.
Presented, in 1869, a fragment of the Kraheriberg meteorite. \

Nevill (WILLIAM).

Presented in 1862 and 1864, respectively, fragments of the Perth
and Agra meteorites ; in 1861, 200 mineral specimens from his collection
were purchased from him.

His collection of minerals was acquired by Henry Ludlam (q.v.).

New South Wales, Department of Mines and Agri-
culture.

Presented, in 1903, a small collection of rock-specimens from New
South Wales.

Newnes (Sir GEORGE, Bart.). [1851- ]

Presented, in 1902, the series of rock-collections, obtained by the
Antarctic Expedition of the Southern Cross under Mr. C. E. Borch-
grevinck, which he had organised and despatched.

Nicholson (Prof. HENRY ALLEYNE). [1844-1899]

Presented, in 1872, various Canadian minerals.
Nicolay (Rev. CHARLES G.).

Of Perth, Western Australia.

Presented, in 1885, the Youndegin meteorite.

Nicoll (Dr. H.).

Collected a series of nepheline-syenites and other rocks from Sierra
Leone, which were presented by Earl Bathurst in 1820.

Noja (GIOVANNI CARAFFA, Duke of). [1715-1768]
Presented, in 1758, a mocha-stone, set in an enamelled ring.

North Eastern Railway Company, Directors of the.

Presented, in 1881, a fragment of the Middlesbrough meteorite.
Northampton (SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE, 2nd Marquess of).
[1790-1851]

President of the Eoyal Society [1838-1848 j and Trustee of the British
Museum.

Presented, in 1818 (when he was still Earl Compton), melilite and

Minerals. 435

other Vesuvian minerals ; in 1832, haematite on lava from Vesuvius • in
1845, a large specimen of beekite from Devonshire ; and, in 1850, a fine
group of pink crystals of apophyllite from Samson mine, Andreasbere
Harz.

Northumberland (ALGERNON PERCY, ±th Duke of). [1792-
1865]

Presented, in 1829, a collection (about 30 specimens) of granites
quartz-felsites, sandstones, etc., from the Sinai Peninsula.

Nuttall (Prof. THOMAS). [1784-1859]

A selection of specimens from his collection, including a fine group of
kyanite crystals from Massachusetts, was purchased in 1860.

Oldham (Dr. THOMAS). [1816-1878]

Superintendent of the Geological Survey of India.

Presented, in 1861 and 1863 respectively, fragments of the Pegu
and Kusiali meteorites.

Ouseley (Sir GORE, Bart.). [1770-1844]

Presented, in 1833, a specimen of turquoise from Persia.
Owen (Prof. Sir RICHARD). [1804-1892]

Superintendent of the Natural History Departments of the British
Museum [1856-1884],

Presented, in 1857, a specimen of jarrowite.

Parish (Sir WOODBINE, K. O.B.). [1792-?]

Presented, in 1826, the large Otumpa meteorite, weighing 1400 Ib.
(600 kilograms), and, in 1828, a fragment of the Imilac meteorite.

Parkinson (JOHN).

Presented, in 1840, a fragment of the Zacatecas meteorite.

Parry (Sir WILLIAM EDWARD). [1790-1855]

Collected during the expedition to the Polar regions of 1819-1820
various rock-specimens, which were presented by the Lords Commissioners
of the Admiralty in 1821.

Pearce (RICHARD).

Presented specimens at various times ; among them, in 1886, copper
minerals from Mammoth mine, Utah.

Persia (Shah of).

Presented, in 1882, a fragment of the Veramin meteorite.

Petiver (JAMES). [1658-1718]

His extensive natural history collections were purchased in 1718 by
Sir Hans Sloane (q.v.).

Phillips (A. G.).

Presented, in 1897, many thin rock-sections from the collection of his
father, J. A. Phillips.

Pilcher and Sons (Messrs.).

Presented, in 1851, a mass, weighing 32 Ib. (14 -5 kilograms), of

graphite,

436 Minerals.

Planta (JOSEPH). [1744-1827]

Principal Librarian of the British Museum [1799-1827].

Presented, in 1807, a crystal of boracite, in gypsum, from Liineburg,
Hanover.
Poushkin (Count APOLLOS DE MOUSSIN).

Included in Hatchett's (q.v.) collection, which was purchased in 1799,
were many Russian specimens, which he had received from Count
Poushkin ; a manuscript list of them is preserved in the Department.

Prudhoe (Lord, afterwards ±th Duke of Northumberland).
See NORTHUMBERLAND (Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of).

Raikes (J. M.).

Presented, in 1824, gold with aikinite, in quartz, from Beresovsk, Urals.
Raisin (Dr. CATHERINE ALICE).

Presented, in 1896, a series of granites, sandstones, camptonitic dyke-
rocks, etc., from Egypt, collected by Mr. G. F. Scott Elliot, and has pub-
lished descriptions of several collections of rocks presented to the Museum.

Ridley (HENRY NICHOLAS). [1855- ]

Assistant in the Botanical Department of the British Museum [1880-
1888].

Presented, in 1887, about 200 specimens of phonolites, basalts, etc.,
which he had collected in the Island of Fernando Noronha.

Rochon (Abbe ALEXIS MARIE). [1741-1817]
Distinguished as an astronomer and navigator.
Presented, in 1790, atacamite (" copper-sand ") from Atacama, Chili.

Rodriguez (Dr. Jos£ SANTOS).

A large series of leucitic lavas and tuffs from the neighbourhood of
Rome, collected by him, was purchased in 1894.

Rose (GUSTAV). [1798-1873]

Professor of mineralogy at the University of Berlin.

Fifty-eight crystals, which had belonged to his private collection, were
purchased in 1895.

The British Museum Collection of Minerals was re-arranged (1858-
1862) by Mr. Maskelyne according to Rose's crystallo-chemical system.

Royal Society.

The Delta Boring Committee presented in 1897 a series of specimens
(with sections) of the deposits of the Nile Delta, obtained during the
boring operations at Zagazig undertaken by the Royal Society.

Ruskin (Prof. JOHN). [1819-1900]

Slade professor of Fine Art in the University of Oxford.
Presented, in 1850, two specimens of fluor (" the Coutte rose-fluors ")
from Switzerland ; in 1865, several large specimens, including a polished
mass of Iceland spar, harmotome from Strontian, chessylite from Chessy,
a long branch of crystallised native copper from Lake Superior, celestite
from Sicily ; in 1884, about 50 specimens of agate and chalcedony (which,
when arranging a case to illustrate the " Forms of Silica," he presented to
supplement the specimens in the collection) ; and, in 1887, the " Colenso "
diamond, a large yellowish octahedron, weighing 130 carats (27 grams),
and the " Edwardes " ruby (corundum).

Minerals. 437

Rutley (FRANK). [1842-1904]

Presented, in 1902, collections of rock-specimens (with microscopic
sections) from the Malverns, North Wales and Cornwall, illustrating his
papers in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.

Ryan (SYDNEY).

Presented, in 1899, a collection (over 100 specimens) of gneisses,
schists, ferruginous shales, etc., from the Ingwenya Berg and Embahaan
district, West Swaziland.

Sabine (Sir EDWABD). [1788-1883]
President of the Eoyal Society [1861-1871].
Presented, in 1818, amber, graphite, and other minerals from Greenland.

St. Petersburg, Imperial Academy of Sciences.

Presented, in 1776, a fragment of the Pallas meteorite.

Samuel (N.).

Presented, in 1903, a series of rock-specimens, which he had collected
in Ashantee.

San Francisco, Town Authorities of.

Presented, in 1863, a specimen of the Tucson meteorite.

Sanderson (JOHN). [M881]
Of Natal.
Presented, in 1878, a fragment of the Cronstad meteorite.

Sanderson (J. H.).

Presented, in 1877, a series (about 30 specimens) of basaltic rocks
from the neighbourhood of Edinburgh.

Sansoni (Prof. FRANCESCO). [1853-1895]

An extensive collection of crystals of calcite, being part of the material
used by him for his memoirs on the crystallography of that species, was
purchased in 1895.

Scheerer (Prof. K. J. A. T.). [1813-1875]
See KEILHAU (Prof. B. M.).

Schimper (Dr. WILHELM). [1804-1878]

Collected in the neighbourhood of Adowa and Axum, Abyssinia, a series
(about 100 specimens) of schists and slates, and phonolitic rocks containing
riebeckite and ajgirine ; the specimens were purchased in 1869.

Schlagintweit (HERMANN [1826-1882], ADOLPH [1829-1857],
and ROBERT [1833-1885], VON).

Collected a series of rock-specimens, when on a scientific mission to
India and High Asia between the years 1854-1858 ; the specimens were
incorporated in the India Museum, and transferred to the British Museum
in 1879.
Schulten (AUGUST BENJAMIN, Baron DE). [1856- ]

Lecturer in chemistry at the University of Helsingfors.

Presented, in 1898, a large polished block of orbicular granite from
Kangasniemi, Finland.

438 Minerals.

Seidler (C.).

Presented, in 1885, a very large, simple crystal of staurolite, and, in
1890, a fibrolite hatchet ; both from France.

Sharpe (Sir ALFRED, C.B., K.G.M.G.). [1853- ]
His Majesty's Commissioner for British Central Africa.
Presented, in 1899, two of the Zomba meteoric stones.

Shockley (W. H.).

Presented, in 1898, a series of rock-specimens, collected by him in
Mongolia and the Province of Lia Tong, Manchuria ; and, in 1901, a series
(about 200 specimens) of granites, schists, felsites, andesites, etc., collected
by him on the north-east coast of Siberia.

Siam, Royal Department of Mines and Geology.

Presented, in 1897, a series of about 70 small rock-specimens from
Siam, collected by Mr. H. Warington Smyth (q.v.).

Simmons (RICHARD).

Presented, in 1836, well-crystallised specimens of cerussite, calamine
(large green rhombohedra from Chessy), beryl, mimetite, gold, argentite,
rutile, barytes, idocrase, apatite, and fluor.

Sloane (Cavaliere).

Presented, in 1860, sloanite, larderellite, caporcianite and other
minerals from Italy.

Sloane (Sir HANS, Bart.). [1660-1753]

Secretary [1693-1712], and President [1727-1741], of the Royal Society.

Sir Hans Sloane, Bart., studied medicine at Paris and Montpelier, and
at the latter place made the acquaintance of his future friend, William
Courten (q.v.}. In 1687, Sloane sailed to the West Indies as physician
to the Governor of Jamaica (the Duke of Albemarle), and during his
fifteen months' stay there collected natural history specimens, more
especially plants. On his return to London in 1689, he settled in practice
in Bloomsbury Square, and was rapidly successful. His natural taste for
collecting seems to have been stimulated by Courten, and as early as
1691 Evelyn, in the Diary, recorded a visit made to his curiosities. On
Courten's death in 1702, Sloane inherited the whole of his valuable
collections, and, in 1718, purchased that of Petiver. In 1742, the
entire collection was moved to the Manor House, Chelsea, and, in 1753,
acquired for the Nation.

Smith (ARMSTRONG).

Presented, in 1891, a small collection of basaltic lavas from Kilauea,
including specimens of the lava stalactites described by Prof. E. S. Dana.

Smith (Dr. CHRISTEN). [1785-1816]

Director of the Botanical Gardens of the University of Christiania.

Made (with Mr. Tudor), in 1816, a small collection of gneisses, schists,
etc., at the mouth of the Congo ; the specimens were presented by the
Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty in the same year.
Smyth (HERBERT WARINGTON). [1867- ]

Secretary of the Department of Mines at Johannesburg, Transvaal.

Collected in Siam a series of about 70 small rock-specimens, which
was presented in 1897 by the Royal Department of Mines and Geology,
Siam : presented, in 1898, sapphires and spinels from Siam.

Minerals. 439

Snow ( — ).

Presented, in 1811, copalite ("Highgate resin") from Higbgate,
Middlesex.

South African Museum, Trustees of the.

Presented, in 1874, a fragment of the Bethany meteorite.

South Australia, Government of.

Presented, in 1886, a collection (about 400 specimens) of granites,
gneisses, schists, etc., from South Australia, including a series of rocks
from the Barossa and Echunga goldfields.

Stapflf (Dr. FRIEDRICH MORITZ). [1836-1895]

Selected a series of specimens from the rocks met with during the
boring of the St. Gotthard Tunnel : the series, with geological tables
and sections, was purchased in 1881.

Stefani (Prof. CARLO DE). [1851- ]

Of Florence.

Collected large series (about 200 specimens) of granites, gneisses,
schists, limestones, etc., from the island of Corsica, and of granites,
gabbros, schists, limestones, etc., from the island of Giglio ; the former
series was purchased in 1892 and the latter in 1894.

Stokoe (ROBERT).

Presented, in 1838, witherites from Northumberland.

Story-Maskelyne (MERVIN HERBERT NEVIL). [1823- ]
Keeper of Minerals in the British Museum [1857-1880], and professor

of mineralogy at the University of Oxford [1856-1895].

Presented specimens in various years, including the following: — in

1880, bright crystals of columbite from Standish, Maine, and other

minerals ; and, in 1887, several fine, large masses of precious opal, in the

matrix, from Queensland.

Strachey (Lieut.-Gen. Sir RICHARD, G.C.S.I.). [1817- ]

Made a large collection of schists, slates, granites, etc., from Kumaon
and southern Tibet, illustrating the geology of part of the Himalayas ;
the specimens were incorporated in the India Museum, and transferred
to the British Museum in 1879.

Strangford (PERCY CLINTON SYDNEY, 6th Viscount). [1780-

1855]

Presented, in 1827, two specimens of flexible sandstone from Itacolumi
Mountain, Minas Geraes, Brazil.

Swan (Mrs.).

Presented 979 specimens of variegated clay from London aud the
vicinity in 1839.

Sweden, Director of the Geological Survey of.

Presented, in 1887, a collection of about 80 typical rock-specimens
from Sweden.
Sykes (Col. WILLIAM HENRY). [1790-1872]

Collected basalts, etc., from Bombay ; the specimens were incorporated
with the India Museum, and, in 1879, transferred to the British Museum.

440 Minerals.

Symes (061. MICHAEL). [1753?-! 809]

The largest and most remarkable crystal, or parallel growth of crystals,
of rubellite, known to exist, was given by the King of Ava to Col. Symes,
when the latter was on an Embassy to that country in 1795 ; it was
acquired for the Trustees, in 1810, by the purchase of the Greville
collection.

Szabo (Prof. JOZSEF). [1822-1894]

Presented, in 1876, a collection (about 40 specimens) of andesitic
rocks from Hungary.

Talmage (Dr. JAMES EDWARD).

Professor of geology at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

Presented, in 1893, crystals of selenite, of extraordinary size, from
Wayne County, Utah.

Tattenall (Mrs. ANN).

Bequeathed about 120 mineral specimens, which were acquired by the
Trustees in 1848.

Tayler (JOHN WILLIAM). [1822- ]

Presented, in 1855, Greenland minerals, including fine columbites ;
and, in 1861, eudialyte, sapphirine and allanite, from Greenland.

Taylor (JOHN). [1789?-! 863]

Mining engineer.

Presented, in 1825, brilliant, greenish-yellow crystals of pyromorphite
on the matrix, from Wheal Alfred, Cornwall ; and, in 1859, a magnificent
group of white and colourless lamellar crystals of cerussite, many of them
twinned, from Logylas mine, Aberystwith, Cardiganshire.

Taylor (W.).
Of Elgin, N.B.
Presented, in 1895, a fragment of the Conception meteorite.

Tendron (FREDERICK).

Presented, in 1883, a very fine crystal of pyrrhotite from Morro Velho,
Minas Geraes, Brazil.

Thomasset (H. P.).

Presented, in 1898, a large suite of very delicately crystallised speci-
mens of aragonite from the Sterkfontein caves, Barnett, Transvaal.

Thomson (TAYLOUR).

Presented, in 1863, a fragment of the Vaca Muerta meteorite.

Tilden (Dr. JOHN N.).
Of New York State.
Presented, in 1886, a fragment of the Jenny's Creek meteorite.

Trail (Lady FRANCES).

Presented, in 1833, worked articles of agate and heliotrope.

Treasury, Lords Commissioners of the.

Presented, in 1876, about 150 specimens of basaltic lavas, etc., from
the Island of Kodrigues, which had' been collected by Prof. I. Bay ley
Balfour during the " Transit of Venus " Expedition of Irf74-lb75.

Minerals. 441

Treveiyan (Sir WALTER CALVEKLEY, Bart.). [1797-1879]
Presented, in 1826, zeolites, opal, etc., from the Faroe Islands.

Tudor (?).

See SMITH (Dr. Christen).

Ulrich (GEORG HEINRICH FRIEDRICH). [1830-1900]

Professor of mining and mineralogy at the University of Otago,

Dnnedin, New Zealand.

Presented, in 1890, specimens of awaruite (terrestrial nickel-iron)

and serpentine, from New Zealand ; and, in 1894, a fragment of the

Makariwa meteorite.

Unaniie (HIPOLITO). [1755 (1758 ?)-1833]
Secretary of the Philosophical Society at Lima.
Presented, in 1814, silver in calcite, from Peru.

United Asbestos Company.

Presented, in 1890, asbestos (a mass of long, white fibres) from
Valtellina, Lombardy, Italy.

Vicary (WILLIAM). [1811-1903]

Presented, in 1874, a collection of "Exeter trap "and other volcanic
rocks (about 30 specimens) from Devonshire.

Vienna, Imperial Museum of.

Presented, in 1814, a fragment of the Stannem meteorite.

Vines (STUART).

See FITZGERALD (Edward Arthur).

Ward (Rev. JAMES CLIFTON). [1843-1880]

Presented, in 1877, specimens of volcanic ash, etc., which he had
collected in the vicinity of Keswick, Cumberland.

Warth (Dr. H.).

Presented, in 1876, crystallised specimens of blodite from the Mayo
salt mines, Punjab, India.

Wavell (Dr. WILLIAM). [S-1829]

Presented, in 1817, a specimen (from Devonshire) of wavellite, a
mineral species which had been named after him.

Webb (PHILIP BARKER). [1793-1854]

Presented, in 1841, about 300 specimens of phonolitio and basaltic
lavas, which he had collected in the Canary Islands.

Western Australia, Government of.

Presented, in 1902, a collection of gold tellurides and other gold ores
from Western Australia.

Western Australia, Mines of.

Various companies presented, in 1902, gold tellurides and other gold
ores from Western Australia.

Widdrington (Capt. SAMUEL EDWARD, B.N.).

See COOK, aftenvards WIDDRINGTON (Capt. Samuel Edward, .R.A.).

2 G

442 Minerals.

Wilkinson (Sir JOHN GARDNER). [1797-1875]

Antiquary and archaeologist.

Presented, in 1839, a series of Egyptian minerals and ores, and about
sixty specimens of schists, serpentines, breccias, etc., from Egypt and
Arabia Peteea.

Willcox (Col. JOSEPH).

Presented, in 1889, various American minerals: 150 specimens,
chiefly American, selected from his collection, were purchased in 1893
from his son.

Williams (JOHN CHARLES). [1861- ]

550 specimens, chiefly from Cornish mines, selected from the exten-
sive collection of Mr. J. C. Williams, of Caerhays Castle, Cornwall — a
collection made by his father and grandfather — were presented by him in
1893. Of these may be specially mentioned : — a very large mass of
cerussite, as delicate silky needles, from Pentire Glaze mine, Padstow,
Cornwall ; and a unique specimen of Cornish spangolite.

Wills (Rev. J.).

Missionary in Madagascar.

Presented, in 1889, a large crystal of black tourmaline, with sharp
termination, and a collection of rocks, from Madagascar.

Winslow (E. N.).

Of Hyannis, Mass., U.S.A.

Presented, in 1876, a fragment, of the Shingle Springs meteorite.

Wollaston (Dr. WILLIAM HYDE). [1766-1828]

Distinguished as chemist and as the inventor of the reflective

goniometer.

Presented, in 1815, iridosmine with platinum, gold and magnetite,

from the Urals.

Woodward (BERNARD BARHAM). [1853- ]

Assistant in Charge of the General Library, British Museum (Natural

History).

Presented, in 1889, gneisses, schists, granites and diorites, which he

had collected in Guernsey.

Woolmer (SHIRLEY).

Presented, in 1829, garnet, magnetite and tourmaline, from Haytor,
Devonshire.

Wright (Rev. GEORGE FREDERICK).

Presented, in 1875, a series of specimens of cassiterite from New
England, New South Wales.

L. FLETCHER.

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