CK Libris Tborphar^h I THE HISTORY OF MONTGOMEKV (^OUNTY, MARYLAISri), FROM ITS Earliest Settlemeut in 1650 to 1879 : The Early Land Grants. — By whom patented. — Their order op Settlement and Present Owners. —Local and General Events. — Leading Incidents. — Principal Towns, Villages, &c. — Its Soil, Products, and Industries. Also, SKETCHES OF THE PROMINENT MEN OF THE COUNTY. DIRECTORY Op Post Offices, Merchants, Manufacturers, Professors, Farmers, Tobacco Planters, Mechanics, Mills, Colleges, Schools, and Churches. WITH AN APPENDIX. Containing a Description of the Prominent Business Houses of Washington and Georgetown. COMPILED AND ARRANGED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES, T^y H. S. BOYD, CLARKSBURG. MONTGO.MEKY COUNTY. MARYLAND. 1879, p f> a «i J » ■» ' > I I > t , J i - ' , it** THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 5 190^ A870R, LENOX AND TIL6EN FOl'NDATIONft, « i90b L Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1879, By T. H. S. Boyd, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. BALTIMORE : W. K. BOYLE & SON, < I 1 s • ' • PRINTERS. 14 1 J t < > t PEEFACE In ofiferiug the present history to the ijublic and the citizens of Montgomery County, it ai)pears necessary for the publisher to present the motive that induced him to undertake the publi- cation. During the Centennial year of our National Independence, the President of the United States issued a Proclamation, requesting the people to assemble in their respective towns and counties, and rescue from obscurity and oblivion the incidents and events connected with the first century of the ISfation. Previous to the issue of this proclamation, the people of Montgomery County had resolved to celebrate the one hun- dredth anniversary of the organization of the County, on the Fair Grounds, at Eockville, September Gth, 1870. Sjieeches were delivered by A. B. Davis, Esq., T. Anderson, Esq.', Judge Richard J. Bowie, Judge Pearre, Judge Jones, and others. The exhibition buildings of the Fair Grounds were filled with relics and curiosities, giving a faithful reflex of the past. The object in the publication of this volume is to collect and arrange the materials, with such an arrangement of the matter as to give a true and faithful history of the County, in as con- cise and succinct style as the subject will admit; commencing with a brief sketch of the manners and customs of the abo- rigines, who once inhabited this region of country, and continu- ing with the earlier settlements by the whites, (low n through the period of the Revolution and the peaceful tiuies that fol- lowed until the present, including geological feaf jijtsv streams, IV PREFACE. natural curiosities, general statistics, taxable property, synop- sis of census, i)ublic inii)rovements, to\Ans, villages and post offices, with biographical sketches of distinguished persons, ininiigration and its effects, agriculture, pomology, and the cul- ture of bees. Also, a complete Directory of Merchants, Far- mers, Planters, Meclianics, Professions, etc., with a copious Appendix, containing sketches of the prominent mercantile and manufacturing interests of Baltimore and the District of (Columbia, whit-h are identifled with the prosperity of Mont- gomery' County. The publisher takes pleasure in tendering his unfeigned acknowledgments to all those who have contributed material for this publication ; esi)ecially to William Grady, I^]s(]., the effi- cient County Surveyor. T. H. S. BOYD. 1 1 I i ' c I C € I. t CONTENTS. PAGE. Chapter I. — The Ahm'igines or Indians 9 Their customs and habits. — Treatment of strangers. — Treat- ment of enemies. — Their vices. — Marriages. — Indian huts or wigwams. — Dress. — Religious ceremonies, etc. Chapter II. — The Indians — Continued . . 13 Their amusements. — War Dances. — Hunting and Fishing their chief employment. — Dances. — The Calumet. — Dis- eases. — The medicine men or doctors. — Death and burials. — Lord's Prayer in their native language, etc. Chapter III 18 The Founder of Maryland. — Granting of the Charter. — Powers conferred by the Charter. — Sailing of the Colonists. — Arri- val in the Chesapeake Bay.— Landing on Blackiston Island.-- Settlement at St. Mary's. — Friendly relations secured with the Indians. — Extending the settlements to St. George's and Montgomery. — Peace and Prosperity. — Missionaries. — A period of Thirty Years. Chapter IV 23 Climate and Productions. — Tobacco and Com, staple produc- tions. — Oysters, Game and Fish. — Indentured Whites. — Slaves introduced from Virginia. — Tobacco the medium of liarter and exchange. — Tobacco shipments. — Silver coins. — Fruit and Cider. — Mails. — Quakers or Friends. — Indians.— Toleration. Chapter V. — Land Grants 29 Joseph's Park.— Girl's Portion.— Leeke Forest.— Hermitage.— Saint Winexburg.— Carroll's Forest.— Dan.— Brightwell's Hunting Quarter. — Clean Drinking.— Bear Neck.— Maiden's Fancy. — Bear Bacon.— Friendship.— Charles and Tliomas. — Friendship. — Clagett's Purchase. — Huntington. — Conten- tion.— Bradford's Rest.— Addition to Bradford's Rest.— Bradford's Rest.— Dung Hill.— Thompson's Hop Yard.— VI CONTENTS. PAGS. Cool Sjaring Level. — Allison's Park. — Arclii bald's Lot. — Younger Brother.^ — Dispute. — Two Brothers.^ — The New Exchange. — Addition to Dan. — Joseph and James. Chapter VI. — Land Orants — Continued 36 Easy Purchase. — Friendship Enlarged.— Drumaldry. — Lay Hill. — Snowden's Manor. — Snowden's Manor Enlarged. — Charles and Benjamin.— George the Third. — Beall's Manor. — Beall Christie. — Bear Garden Enlarged. — Deer Park. — Snowden Mill. — Charley Forest. — Addition to Charley For est. — Hygham. — Gold's Branch. — Gitting's Hah I Hah ! ! — Bordley's Choice. — Brooke Grove. — Addition to Brooke Grove. — John and Sarah. — Benjamin's Lot. — New Year's Gift— Antra —Easy Come By.— Mill Land.— Boyd's De-. lay. — Magruder's Hazard. — Paradise. — Bernard's Desire. — Wickham and Pottinger's Discovery. — Partnership. — The Brothers' Industry. — Deer Park. — Fellowship. — Constant Friendship. Chapter VII. — Land Orants — Continued 43 Wickham's Good Will. — The Joseph.— Middle Plantation.— Magruder and Beall's Honesty. — Clewerwald Enlarged. — Goose Pond. — Bear Den. — Prevention. — Saint Mary's. — Valentine's Garden Enlarged. — Re-survey on Valentine's Garden Enlarged.— Raymond's Addition. — Concord. — Han- over. — Flint's Grove. — Happy Choice. — Hopewell. — Jere- miah's Park. — Partnershii). — The Re-survey on Part of Forest. — Banks' Venture. — Abraham's Lot. — Killmain. — John's Deliglit. — Conclusion. — Turkey Thicket. — Benja min's Square. — Sirring Garden. — Abel's Levels. — Moore's Delight. — Pork Plenty, if no Thieves. — Chestnut Ridge. — Ralfo. — Grandmother's Good Will. — Cow Pasture. — Peach Tree Hill.— Errors Corrected.— Very Good.— Bite tlie Biter. — Silent Valley. — Trouble Enough Indeed. Chapter VIII 49 Frederick City. — Georgetown, D. C. — Tobacco. — Rolling Roads. — French War. — Defeat of General Braddock. — Mas- sacre of the Settlers. — The Revolution. — Meeting at old Ilungerford Tavern. — Resolutions. — Formation of Montgo- mery County.— Named after General Richard Montgomery. — Rockville, the County Seat. — Districts of the County. — Orphans' C-ourt. — Registers of Wills. — Members of the State Convention. CONTENTS. Vii PAGE. Chapter IX 55 A Period of One Hundred and Forty Years. — The First Con- tinental Congress. — Maryland Convention. — Enrollment and Organization of Companies. — The Fii'st Blood shed in the Revolutionary War, 19th April, 1775. — Captain Cresap's Company. — Their bravery in battle. — Powder Mills. — Can- non Manufactories. — Contingent called from Montgomery County. — The deeds of prowess in Virginia and the Caro- Carolinas. — Revolutionary Officers from the County. — The War of 1812. — Distinguished Officers in the War of the Rebellion. Chapter X 61 First Revolutionary Soldier. — Montgomery's Revolutionary Roll. — Pension Acts. — Names of Pensioners. — Meteoric Showers, as witnessed at the home of Charles Saft'ell, the Oldest Pensioner on the List. — Scenes in Gaithersburg and Rockville. Chapter XI 67 First Member of Congress from this County. — Whiskey Insur- rection in Pennsylvania. — Names of Montgomerians who served in the Federal Congress. — Hon. Montgomery Blair as Cabinet Minister. — Members of Reform State Conventions, 1850-51, '64, '67.— First County Surveyor.— First Schools.— An Act for Purchasing School Projierty. — Academies, Col- leges, &c., and their Students. Chapter XII 75 First PuIjHc Roads. — Rolling Tobacco to Market. — Union Turnpike. — AVashington, Colesville and Ashton. — Colum- bia. — The Old Baltimore. — River Road. — Old Annajjolis. — Conduit. — Old Potomac Company. — Subscriptions to said Company. — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. — Coal Elevators In Georgetown. — First Railroad in the Country. — Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Metropolitan Branch. Chapter XIII. — Prominent Men 84 Col. John Berry. — Elisha Riggs. — Samuel Riggs. — Mrs. Ann Poultney. — Philip E. Thomas. — Rev. Reuben T. Boyd. — His Ordination as Minister of the Gospel.— His Certificate to perform marriage, signed by General Wm Henry Harri- son.— John C. Clark.— George R. Gaither.— Israel H. B., and A. and R. R. Griffith. — Thomas L. Reese. — William Darne. — Rev. Thomas McCormick. — Thomas Moore. — Caleb Bent- ly. — Isaac Riggs.— Roger Brooke.— Hon. Francis P. Blair.— \ 111 CONTENTS. Robert Pottinger. — Dr. William IJowie Magruder.— Major " George Peter. — Drs. Duvall. — Tobacco Inspectors. — Robert Scllinan. — Tliomas B. W. Vinson.— Triadelpliia Cotton Factory. Chafteu XIV. — Prominent Men — Continued 94 Hon. Geo. W. Hilton. — William Darne, of Mountain View. — Prof. Benjamin Hallowell. — Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. — Ed- ward Stabler. — W. T. R. Saffell. — Francis Cassott Clopper. — William Wilson.— Leonidas Wilson. — Hon. Thomas Lans- dale. — Dr. Richard Waters. — John S. Belt.— Hon. Richard Waters, and others. ClIAPTEU XV 104 Bomidariesof the County. — Building Stone. — Roofing Slate. — Gold. — Chrome.— Quantity of Land and its Value. — Number of Horses and other Cattle. — Farm Productions for 1878. — Intellectual, Social and Agricultural Institutions. — Pojiula- tion from 1790 to 1870. — Society of Friends. — Improve- ments at the close of the Internecine War. — Influence of the Metropolitan Railroad. Present Officers op the County Ill Ch.\.pteh XVI. — Apiculture. — Peach Culture 113 Keeping and Propagation of Bees. — Process of removing Honey, v^^ithout destroying Bees. — Principal Bee Raisers in the County. — Peach Trees. — Propagation of Trees. — List of desirable varieties. Chapter XVIT. — The Washington Grove C'mp Groimd 115 Incorporators. — Objects. — Location. — Present and Past Offi- cers. -Cottages. ■Tents. — Owners. DIRECTORY OF TOWNS AND VILLAGES, INCLUDING THE POST OFFICE ADDRESS OF MERCHANTS, FARMERS, &C. Barnesville 119 Beallsville 120 Bethesda 130 Boyd's 131 Brighton 131 Brookeville 133 Burtonsville 123 Cabin John 123 Cedar Grove 123 Clarksburg 124 Colesville 125 Damascus 130 Darnestown 126 Dawsonville 127 Dickerson 127 Edwards' Ferry 128 CONTENTS. IX PAGE. Fairland 128 Four Corners 129 Gaithersburg 129 Germantown 130 Goshen 131 Great Falls 131 -Hyattstown 132 Hunting. Hill 132 Knowles' 133 Laytonsville 133 Martinsburg , 1 34 Middlebrook 134 Monocacy 135 Montrose 135 Norbeck 136 PAGE. Offntt's -f Roads 136 Olney... 137 Poolesville 138 Eedland 139 Rockville 139 Sandy Springs 141 Sellman's 142 Seneca 142 Sligo 142 Spencerville 142 Sunshine 143 Triadelphia 143 Wheaton 143 White's Ferry 144 DIRECTORY OF PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS. GEORGETOWIV, D. C. Agricultural Implements. Dunlap, G. T 149 Ale, Wine and Cider. Palmer, Samuel C 156 Cement and Plaster. Waters, J. G. & J. M 153 Cigars and Tobacco. May, Peter J 151 Coal. Borden Mining Company. . 149 Commission Merchants. Hartley & Brother 153 Waters, J. G. & J. M 153 Dry Goods, Notions, &c. Gibbons & Burroughs 154 Dyeing and Cleaning, {Steam.) Wheatley, Wm. H 155 Express {New) Lirie. Hyde, G. F., Agent 155 Fertilizei's. Dunlap, G. T 149 Flour Mills. Capital— Tenney & Sons.. 148 Pioneer — Herr & Cissel. . .148 Orain, Feed and Hay. Jackson, D.B 152 Oroceries. Bradt, A. H .^. AiS Cropiey's (S.) Sons 146 Lyddane, Eugene T 154 Lyddane, John 156 Offutt, Wm. A. & Brother. 152 Hardware, Iron and Steel. Gilbert, H.P 151 Hats, Caps, &c. Barron, J. O 153 Hotel and Restaurant. Kaiser, 157 CONTENTS. Lager Beer Bretcery. Dentze, Mrs. Simon 156 Liquors. Bradt, A. H 148 Cropley's (S.) Sons 146 Offutt, Wm. A. & Bro 152 Luniber. Libbey, Jos. & J. E 150 Wheatley Brothers 145 Mineral Water Mamifactory. Palmer, Samuel C 156 Powder. Cropley's (S.) Sons 146 Potomac Blue Stone. Gilbert, H.P 151 Restaurant. Arlow, Robert T 147 Ship and Canal Stores. Bradt, A. H 148 U. B. Mutual Aid Society of Pa. Kaiser, , Agent 157 Tobacco, Snuffs and Cigars. Cropley's (S.) Sons 146 ^VASHINGTON, D. C. Artists' and Wax Flower Materials. Ryneal, George, Jr 163 Boots and Shoes. George, J. J 168 Cigars and Tobacco. Cochran, George W. & Co. 165 Clothing House. Saks, A. & Co 165 Collection Off re. Bennett, William H 167 Commission Merchants. Barbour & Hamilton Kil Confectionery. Mueller (Carl) & Son. 159 Drugs and Chemicals. Stott & Cromwell 158 Fire- Works, Toys, &c. Mueller (Carl) & Son 151) Groceries. Barl)our & Hamilton 161 Hume, Frank 1 62 Manion, John D 16() Hotels. Clark House — Lawrence Clark, Proprietor 168 American House — Duft'y & Leannarda, Prop'rs. . .168 Household Furnishing Goods. Gartrell, G. E. & Co 164 Liquors. Barbour & Hamilton 151 Humes, Frank 162 Manion, John D 166 Xander, Chr 166 Oyster Dealer. Turner, William 166 Paints, Oils and Varnishes. Ryneal, George, Jr, 163 Restaurants. Hagerty, David 167 Hagerty, Frank 167 Wilkening, W. H 167 Stoves — Heating and Cooking. Gartrell, G. E. & Co 164 Window Glass, &c. Ryneal, George, Jr 163 • Dill House,"". FREDERICK, MD. .Picking & Dean, Proprietors. .168 HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. MD. CHAPTEE I. The Aboeigines or Indians. Their customs and habits. Treatment of strangers. Treatment of enemies. Their vices. Marriages. Indian huts or wig- wams. Dress. Religious ceremonies^ etc. When the Europeans first came to this country, they found the Western Continent inhabited by numerous nations, to whom was applied the name, though erroneously, Indians. This name was given to the aborigines of this continent under the mistaken notion of Columbus, in supjjosing that he had arrived at the eastern shore of India. Touching the origin of the Indians, or by what means they came from the Old Woeld to the New, has never been satis- factorily answered, notwithstanding that voluminous disquisi- tions have been written on the subject. A majority who have investigated this subject agree, that Tartary, in Asia, is the native country of all American Indians. The region of country of which this history treats was inhabited by the Yoacomicos, Anacostians, Piscataways, Senecas and Pa- tuxents, about the time of the first settlement in 1635. All of these tribes belonged or were under the control of the Six Nations, the central power of which was located in the State of New York. The . Piscataways and the Nacostines or Anacos- tians, a tributary tribe of the Piscataways, resembled each 2 ■ 10 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. other as to tlioir bodily and mental qualifications. In person, slender, middle-sized, handsome and straight. The women how- ever, were short, not so handsome, and clumsy in a])pearance. The skin of a reddish brown or yellowish brown, hair straight and jet black. In common life and conversation the Indians observed great decency. They usually treated one another and strangers with kindness and civility, and without empty compliments. In the converse of both sexes the greatest decency and propriety were observed. They were sociable and friendly, difference of rank with all its consequences was not to be found among the Indians. They were equally noble and free. The only ditlerence consisted in wealtli, age, dexterity, courage and oiii(;e. Tliey were hospi- table to strangers. To refuse the act or kind oftices of hospi- tality, was looked upon as a flagrant violation of a laudable practice in vogue among the tawny sons of the forest. Hospi- tality, they considered a most sacred duty, from which none were exempt. "Whoever,'' said they, "refuses relief to any one, commits a grievous offence, and not only makes himself detested and abhorred by all, but liable to revenge from the injured per- son." In their conduct towards their enemies they were " bloody cruel," and when exasi>erated, nothing but the blood of theu* enemj- could assuage or allay anger, which rankled concealed iu their bosom, waiting only for a convenient oppoi'tunity to strike the fearful blow, inflicted with fury that knew no bounds. So determined on revenge upon their enemies were they, that they would solemnly enjoin it upon their friends and jmsterity to resent the injuries done them. The longest space of tinu\ the most remote i)Iace of refuge, afforded no security to an Indian's enemy. Drunkenness, after the whites commenced to deal with them, was a common vice. It was not confined, as it is in a great measure at this day, among the whites, to the male sex, but the Indian female as well as the male, was infatuated alike with the love of strong drink, for neither of them knew b(mnds to their desires. They drank while they had whiskey, or could swallow it down. Drunkenness was a vice, and attended with many serious consequences, and often resulted in nuuder and death — this was not punishable among them, it was a fashion- able vice. Stealing, lying, adultery and cheating, j)rincipally HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 11 the oftspiirig of cbnnkenness, were considered as heinous and scandalous offences, and were punished in various ways. The Anacostians and Piscataways married early in life; the men usually at eighteen, and the women at fourteen, but never married near relations. If an Indian man wished to marry, he sent a present to the nearest relations of the person he had fixed upon, consisting- of blankets, cloth, linen, and occasionally a few belts of Wampum. If he that nuvde the present, and the present pleased, the matter was formally proposed to the girl, and if the other party chose to decline the proposal, they returned the present by way of a friendly negative. After the marriage, the present made by the suitor was divided among the friends of the young wife. These returned the civility by a present of Indian corn, beans, kettles, baskets, hatchets, etc., brought in solemn procession into the hut of the newly married couple. The latter commonly lodged in a friend's house till they could erect a dwelling of their own. An Indian hut was constructed in the following manner: they peeled the trees abounding in sap, then cutting the bark into pieces of six or eight feet in length, they laid heavy stones upon them, that they might be- come flat and even in diying. The frame of the hut was made by driving poles into the ground and strengthening them by cross-beams. This ftame was covered both inside and outside, with the pieces of bark that had been prepared for that purpose, and fastened tight with the bast of withes of hickory. The roof ran upon a ridge and was covered the same way. An opening- was left in the roof to let the smoke pass through, and one in the side as a door, which was fastened with neither lock nor bolt ; a stick leaning against it on the outside as a token that no one was at home, was the only bolt to prevent intruders. There was some difference in the huts of the Piscataways and Anacostians; the roofs of the former being angular, and that of the latter round or arched ; the Piscataway families preferring to live separately, their huts were small; the Anacostians pre- ferred to live together,— they built their houses long, with several fire-places, and corresponding openings in the roof and sides. In their dress they displayed more singularity than art. The men wore a blanket which hung loose over their shoulders, and generally went bareheaded. The dress which distinguished the women, was a petticoat fastened tight about the hips and hang- 12 HISTORY OF MONTGOMEKY COUNTY. ing down a little below the kuees. A longer one would have proved au incnnibranee in walking through the woods or working in the fields. As soon as a child was born it was laid upon a board or straight piece of bark, covered with moss, and wrapped up in a skhi or piece of cloth, and when the mother was engaged in her house- work, this rude cradle or bed was hung to a peg or branch of a tree. Their children they educated, to fit them to get through the world as did their fathers. They instructed them in a religion, in which they believed that Manito, their God, "The Good Spirit," could be propitiated by sacrifices, hence they observed a great many superstitious and idolatrous ceremonies. At their general and solemn sacrifices the oldest men performed the ofiices of priests ; but in private parties, each man brought a sacrifice and offered it himself as priest. Instead of a temple, they fitted up a large dwelling house for the purpose. CHAPTER II. The Indians — Continued. Their amusements. War Dances. Hunting and fishing their chief employment. Dances. The Calumet. Diseases. The medicinemen or doctors. Death and burials. Lordh Prayer in their native language., etc. When at home they had their aiuusements, their favorite one was dancing-. The common dance was hekl either in a large house or in an open fiekl around a fire. In dancing they formed a circle, and always had a leader, to whom the whole company attended. The men went before and the women closed the cir- cle. The latter danced with great decency, and as if they had engaged in the most serious business. While thus engaged they never spoke a word to the men, much less joked with them, which would have injured their character. They neither skipped nor jumped, but placed one foot lightly forward and then backward, yet so as to ad\ ance gradually till they reached a certain spot, and then retired in the same man- ner. They kept their bodies straight and their arms hanging down close to their sides. But the men shouted, leaped and stamped with such violence, that the ground trembled under their feet. Their extreme agility and lightness of foot was never shown to more advantage than in dancing. Their whole music consisted in a single drum, which was made of an old bar- rel or kettle, or the lower end of a hollow tree, covered with a thin deer skin, and beaten with one stick. Its sound was not however agreeable, and served only to mark the time, which the Indians when dancing, even in large numbers, kei)t with due exactness. When they had finished one round they took some rest, but during this time the drummer continued to sing until 14 HISTORY OF MONTGOJSIERY COUNTY. another dance commenced. Tliese dances in keeping- witli that spirit lasted nntil midnight. Another kind of dance was only attended by men. Each rose in his turn and danced with great agility and boldness, extolling their own or their father's great deeds in a song, to which all beat time by a monotonous, rough note, which was given out with great vehemence at the commencement of each bar. The war dance, which was always held either before or after a cam]>aign was dreadful to behold. None took i^art in it but the warriors themselves. They appeared armed as if going to battle. One carried his gun or hatchet, another a long knife, the third, a tomahawk, the fourth, a large club, or they all appeared armed with tomahawks ; these thej brandished in the air to show how they intended to treat their enemies. They affected such an au- of anger and fury on these occasions that it made a spectator shudder to behold them. A chief led them in the dance, and sang the warlike deeds of himself or his ancestors. At the end of every celebrated feat of valor, he wielded his tomahaAvk with all his strength against a post fixed in the ground. He was then followed by the rest, each finished his round by a blow against the post. They then danced alto- gether, and this was the most frightfid scene. They affected the most horrible and dreadful gestures, threatened to beat, cut and stab ea(;h other. They were however amazingly dexterous in avoiding the threatened dan^ger. To complete the horror of the scene they howled as dreadfully as if in actual fight, so that they appeared as raving madmen. During the dance they some- times sounded a kind of fife made of reed, which had a shrill and disagreeable note. They sometimes used the war dance in times ox made dreadfid ravages among them. Their general remedy for all their disorders, small or great, was a sweat. For this purpose they had in every tillage an oven, situated at some distance fi-om the dwellings, built of stakes and boards, covered with sods, or, were dug in the side of a hill, and heated with some red hot stones. Into this the j^atient crept naked and in a, short time was thrown into a profuse perspiration. As soon as the patient felt too hot, he crept out and immediately plunged himself into a river or some cold water, where he continued about thirty seconds, and then went again into the oven. After having performed this operation three times successively, he smoked his pipe with composure, and in many cases a cure was completely effected. Indian doctors never ap])lied medicines without accompanying them with mysterious ceremonies to make their effect appear supernatural. A missionary, who was present on an occasion Avhen an Indian physician had been sent for to see a patient, says : " He had on a large bear skin, so that his arms were covered with the fore legs, his feet with the hind legs, and his head entirely concealed in the bear's head, with the addition of glass eyes. He came in this attire with a cala- bash in his hand, accompanied by a great crowd of people, into the patient's liut, singing and dancing, when he grasped a hand- 16 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. full of hot ashes, and scattxjring them into the air with a horrid noise, ai:>proached the patient and began to play several leger- demain tricks with small bits of wood, by which he pretended to be able to restore him to health." The principal remedies used by the Indians in curing diseases were, such as rattlesnake root, the skins of rattlesnakes dried and pulverized, thorny ash, toothache tree, tulip tree, dogwood, wild laurel, sassafras, elder, poison ash, winter green, liverwort, Virginia poke, jalap, sarsa- parilla, Scobians or devil's bit, blood wort, cuckoopint, and others. Immediately after the death of an Indian the corpse was dressed in a new suit, with the face and shirt painted red, and laid upon a mat or skin, in the middle of the hut. The arms and eftects of the deceased are then piled up near the body; in the evening, soon after sunset, and in the morning, before daybreak, the female relations and friends assemble around the corpse to mourn over it. Their lamentations are loud in proportion to the love and the esteem they bore the deceased, or to his rank, or the pains he suffered in dying, and they are daily repeated till his interment. The burying places are some distance from the dwellings. The graves were gene- rally dug by old women, as the young people abhorred this kind of work. Before they had hatchets and other tools, they used to line the inside of the grave with the bark of trees; but after- wards they usually placed three boards, not nailed together, over the grave in such a manner that the corpse lay between them, a fourth board was placed as a cover, anil then the grave was lilled with earth. Now and then a proper coffin was pro- cured. The language of the two tribes had an agreeable sound both in conversation and public delivery, although there was great difference between the two. Tlie promuudation, say those who were skilled in the tongue, was quite easy. The following is the Lord's Prayer, in the language of the Piscataways. "Sougwaucha caurounkyauga leh Sutaro au Saul woney aoita, es a sawaneyou okettanlisehi ebueawouug, na carouuky- auga nugh woushauga, neallewehue salauga tangwounant oranoatouglisick tontaugwelee wheyon stoung chencyent cha- quatant aleywhey oust anna tliuglisang long wass areuch tawau tottenan galouglitounga, nysawne Sas(;heautang whss conteh- sale paungaekaw, esa sawauneyou, esa sashautzta, esa soung wasoung cheuneaw houugwa, anwen." HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 17 Their language was lofty, yet narrow, somewhat like the Hebrew, in signification full; like short-hand in writing, one word served in the place of three, and the rest were supjilied by the understanding of the hearer. Their language was also highly figurative. The following specimens may offer an idea of their metaphors: "The sky is overcast with dark, blustering- clouds," meaning we shall have troublesome times; we shall have war. "We shall lift up the hatchet," — we shall have war. "The path is already shut up," — war has began. "The rivers run with blood," — war rages in the country. "To bury the the hatchet," — to conclude peace. "You did not make me strong," — you gave me nothing. "Look this way," — -join our party. "I will pass one night yet at this place," — Twill stay one year at this place. CHAPTER m. The Founder of Maryland. Granting of the Charter. Powers conferred by the Charter. Sailinc/ of the Colonists. Arrival in the Chesapeale Bai/. Landing on Blacliston Island. SeUle- ment at kSt. Mari/\s. Friendly relations seeured with the Indians. Extending the settlements to St. George's and Mont- gomery. Peace and Prosperity. Missionaries. A period of thirty years. Sir (leoige Calvert, afterwards Lord Baltimore, an Eiis^lish geiitleinaii of fiiiislied education, was the founder of Maryland. Beini»- one of tlie principal Se(;retaries of State and a mem- ber of the House of Commons, he always maintained the rights and interests of the King, who, in consideration for this devo- tion, granted him a charter dated the 20th of June, 1632. The country granted hy this charter was named Maryland, in honor of (^ueen Henrietta Maria. TJefore the execution of tliis patent Lord Baltimore died, and his eldest son, Cecil, having inherited his father's title and estate, succeeded to the charter, he and his heirs, becoming absolute ])roi)rietors of Maryland. The Proprietary had full, free and absolute power to enact laws, with the advice, assent and approbation of the freemen of the province. The l^roprietary had lull power to grant to his colonists such tracts of land as they might purchase. He was also granted the license and faculty of erecting iind founding churches, chapels and places of worshij) in convenient and suitable places, and of causing the land lo Ix^ dedicated a(;c(n' one-half of their village for the immediate accommodation of the settlers, including one-half of their corn grounds, which they had already commenced to plant. Upon the 27th day of March, 1634, the Governor took possession of the place and named the town St. Mary's. The Indians lived in the greatest harmony with the settlers, they hunted together for deer and turkeys, while the women and children became domesticated in the families of the Eng- lish. The principles of Christianity and i)hilanthropy always governed the colonists in their treatment of the savages. Earnest and persistent efforts Avere made to teach them reli- gious truth and the arts of civilized life, while their territorial and personal rights were scrupulously respected. The rights of the aborigines were purchased for a consideration which gave them satisfaction. While no rewards were offered for Indian scal])s, they gave them words and acts of lo\e and nuMcy. The relations that existed between the natives and the settlers continued to \w, friendly until William Clayborue, called by historians the Evil Genius of the colony, excited the fears and jealousies of the Indians, by persuading them that the new comers were not English, but Spaniards, the enemies of the English. The simple natives bcliev<'d him and suddenly withdrew from St. Mary's. 'fhe settlers tearing a hostile attack, postponed the building of tiieir own houses, and erected a block-house or fortiticatiou, regulating their conduct in the meantime towards the savages, so as to re-awaken the old feelings of confidence and intinmcy. The natives became convinced of the falsehood of the insinua- tions against the setth'rs, and again resorted to the colony. The land was divided among the settlers under tlie instructions HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 21 of the Proprietary. Owing to the dangers both from the savages and their own countrymen from Kent Island and Virginia, the colonists were not disposed to extend their settlements beyond the limits of St. Mary's. Lots of five and ten acres, within the city, were granted to all who might apply for them, while tracts ranging from one hundred to three thousand acres were granted to those persons applying. A rent of twenty shillings for every thousand acres was reserved for the Proprietary. The settlements continued to grow and prosper; already the plantations had extended to the west side of St. George's River, and large accessions were being added from the northern country. New hundreds — or divisions similar to our election districts — were erected. The two missionaries who accompanied the colony confined their efforts to converting the Indians who were friendly with the settlers. As the colony increased new missionaries arrived from England, and immediately began to penetrate into the interior and visit every tribe and village. The Indians at Patuxent received them very kindly and bestowed upon them a plantation called St. Mattopany on the Patuxent, where a mis- sionary station and store house were immediately erected. Three men travelled in a boat, subsisted by hunting, and at night slept under cover of a slight tent. In five years they had extended them thi'oughout the greater part of the province. They visited many tribes and made many converts. They had four permanent stations, the most distant of which was one hundred and fifty miles, located on the Monocacy River, near where the City of Frederick now stands. Another was on the Patuxent River, near where Triadelphia is located. The conversion and baptism of Tayac, the chief of the Piscata- ways, the most extensive and powerful tribe in Maryland, was the cause of considerable rejoicing among the colonists. The chief was taken violentl.y sick, and the forty medicine men that surrounded him failed with all their arts of conjuring to cure him, one of the missionaries obtained permission to treat him and soon restored him to health. Tayac after this abandoned the habits and dress of the savage and adopted that of the English, and learned their language. What is Prince George's County now was rai)idly settled, emigrants moving up the Potomac and Patuxent Rivers. 22 niSTOEY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Frederick County embraced all that section of country lyiuj^ west of a line drawn from the moutli of Rock Creek to the Patuxeut River, which had formerly been embraced within the limits of Prince George's. Thus it will be seen that what now constitutes Monfoomery County belonged to Frederick County in the early settlement of the colonies. The earliest settlement within the limits of Montgomery commenced in the year 1650, by Robert Brooke, who founded a Protestant settlement of forty persons, including his wife and ten children, at Delia Brooke on the Patuxent River. During the next thirty years peace and prosperity reigned throughout the province. Persons of wealth and distinction sought the new world for enlarged and unoccupied fields in which to employ their wealth and talents, while those who were proscribed for their political or religious o])inions, were eager to abandon the shores of their native land and seek homes in this, the Eldorado of the West. When it is remembered that steamships were then unknown, with no submarine cable to flash along its electric wire the intelligence of weal or woe to friends at home, and an equally wild and trackless wilderness before them, the abode of wild beasts and savage men, is it not indeed wonderful to contem- plate the jirogress of settlement in the American colonies? Still, amid all these dangers and ditliculties, they subdued the wilderness, founded communities, erected town and cities, and in a little more than two hundred years, have founded an Empire that wields a sceptre equal to the combined powers of the East. CHAPTER IV. Climate and Froductiom. Tobacco and Corn, staple productions. Oysters, Game and Fish. Indentured Whites. Slaves intro- duced from Virginia. Tobacco the medium of barter and ex- change. Tobacco shipments. Silver coins. Fruit and Cider. Mails. Qualcers or Friends. Indians. Toleration. The climate and beneficent laws tliat governed the colony of Maryland continued to attract immigration, and the number of counties continued to increase. They speedily made clearings in the forest, and reduced the land to cultivation. Tobacco and corn were the priuciijal articles cultivated. Great attention was paid to fruit; — while the waters of the bay and rivers furnished the greatest of delicacies, oysters, wild ducks and fish. The people were planters and farmers, and there were no influences to draw the peoj^le together, like in towns and cities, but left the people free to lay the foundation of that peculiar domestic life which has always been the characteristic and charm' of Mary- land. Slavery was introduced fi'om Virginia, and superseded the white servants that were so frequently to be found in the early days of the colony. These were white emigrants, who, wanting the means to emigrate, apprenticed their time, for a certain period, to those who would bear that expense. This was made a matter of barter. Usually the captain of a ship wouhl bring out a party of emigrants, taking an indenture from the emigrant, instead of passage money, for which he agreed to serve for a given time. On the arrival of the ships with such emigrants, their unexpired time was sold to the highest bidder; the price was paid in tobacco, which was at that time the cur- rency of the province. The cultivation of tobacco claimed the attention of almost every one; it was the great bonanza of the times, and hundreds of ships were employed in its transportation abroad. There was no money in general use at this time, and trade was conducted through the medium of barter, or the 24 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. exchange of one commodity for another. In 1650, silver coins were issued by the Proprietary, of various denominations, hav- ing Lord Baltimore's arms on one side, while on the other was the motto, Crescite et MultipUcamim. Very little of this coin came into general circulation; tobacco had become the common currency of the province — one pound of it being equal to three pence English money. It was made a legal tender, at one penny a pound, in 1732. The luxuries of the present day were unknown; they sat upon stones and benches; the back of the bench was so con- structed that it could be turned up, and form the top for a table, around which sat the hardy pioneers, after the toils and excite- ments of the day, consequent upon the life of a frontiersman, drank their cider and sack, in lieu of coffee and tea, which were seldom used. Apples and peaches were raised in great abund- ance; two or three varieties of white apples were cultivated for summer use, while long stem, red, red streak, and black red streak were the principal varieties in use for autumn and winter. Communication was had, in the absence of post I'oads and mail facilities, by sending letters through private hands, and it is astonishing with what rapidity a letter or communication would travel through these sparsely settled communities. Each and every one of the settlers were alike interested in the i)rompt and safe delivery of the letters intrusted to their care to for- ward, and would often leave their work and mount the fastest horse on the plantation, and speed to the next settlement, where it would again be taken in <;harge, and in a like manner for- warded to the next settlement or plantation, and so on until it reached the person for whom it was directed; in this way letters travelled tifty and sixty miles in the course of twenty-four hours, rivalling, in point of time, the delivery by some of the local mails at the present time. Trav(;lling was done on horseback by land, while canoes or small ])oats wen; brought into requisition when it was desirable or exj)edient tt) travel by water. The (Quakers, or Friends as they are called, found in this province a refuge and home from their persecutors. In the province of Massachusetts, laws had been passed that pro- scribed then> as a " Cursed tiecV They were im])risoned "with- out bail," and sentenced to banishment upon "])ain of death." HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 25 They were to be maimed, whipped, and "men or women to have their tongues bored through with a red hot iron." These perse- cutions led George Fox, a zealous leader, to come to Maryland; being delighted with the country and realizing the fact, that the laws and liberal i)olicy of the province placed no restrictions upon religious liberty, he remained in the colony and preached the doctrines of his sect, both to the settlers and the natives, Indian chiefs and their subjects. The members of the Legisla- ture and the Council, men of distinction, justices of the peace, and even the heir of the Proprietary himself came to listen to him preach. Maryland was indeed, to the Friends, the Land of Promise. Whatever difBculties they may have had with the government came from refusal to i)erform military duty, and their rejection of oaths; but they were subsequently relieved even of these requirements. They established settlements or meetings through St. George's and Montgomery Counties, and accomplished a great deal towards promoting the material development and intellectual advancement of the country. The first house built by the friends in Montgomery County, was by James Brooke, on "Brooke Grove," granted in 1728. Here Friends gathered in sufficient numbers to establish a flourishing meeting, and, a little more than a century ago, they took a step that distinguished them from surrounding communities, by the emancipation of their slaves. The house is occupied at present by William J. Schofield. By their patient industry and perseverance, combined with their intellectual culture, social intercourse, agricultural knowledge, their fidelity to the princi- ples of moral truth and human advancement, the Quakers have left an impress upon the character of the whole people, which has given an emulating stimulus to their aims and energies, which will be in powerful and unabated operation, when the marble and bronze, that now commemorates less meritorious achievements, shall have disappeared under the corroding influ- ences of the march of time. During this time the aborigines and the colonists were living side by side upon terms of the greatest friendshij). The Chesapeakes had disappeared entirely from Maryland, and the remnant of the tribe had removed to the banks of the Elizabeth River, in Virginia, under the protection and dominion of the Powhatans. The Yoacomicos still lived upon the St. 3 26 HISTORY OF MONTGOSEERY COUNTY. Mary's Kiver. and liad become mostly domesticated with the settlers. Tiie Susqueliaiinocks, at the head of the Chesai)eake Bay, who were at some »o\v Iji-^laiul, and the Episco])a]iaus were retorting witli the same severity on the Puritans in Vir<>inia, there was forniinjr, in Maryland, a sanctuary where all might worship, and n<»ne might oj^press; and where even Protestants songlit refuge from I'rotestant intolerance. Annapolis, which had been erected into a port of entry in lOS;?, was made the seat of government in 1691. For a i)eriod of forty years the colony enjoyed almost undisturbed tranquillity. The only troubles were contests between the Governor and Council, who formed the upper house, and the delegates of the p»'oi)le in ilic lower house. These struggles were the germ of that mighty contest in which the liberties of the people were tinally secured. CHAPTER V. Land Grants. JosepWs Parlx. OirVs Portion. Leehe Forest. Hermitage. St. Winexburg. CarrolVs Forest. Ban. BrightwelVs Hunting Quarter. Glean Brinldng. Bear Reel: Maiden^s Fancy. Bear Bacon. Friendship. Charles and Thomas. Friendship. Clagetfs Purchase. Huntington. Contention!. Bradford's Rest. Addition to Bradford's Rest. Bradford's Rest. Bung Hill. Thompson's Hop Yard. Cool Spring Level. Allison's Parle. Archibald's Lot. Younger Brother. Bispute. Two Brothers. The Exchange. The JSfew Exchange. Addition to Ban. Joseph and James. The general progress of settlement in what is now Mont- gomery Connty, was to the north and westward, a course which has uniformly been pursued in every State and community since the earliest history. Among the fii-st of recorded patents is that of Joseph's Park, and was granted to William Joseph, May 20th, 1689, containing four thousand two hundred aud twenty acres. This tract lies on the east side of Rock Creek and em- braces Knowles' Station, Forest Glen Station and Linden Sta- tion, including the farms of Alfred Ray, William A. Batchelor, and Carroll's or St. John's Chapel. The Brookville and Wash- ington Turnpike passes through it, from Augustus Burgdorf s farm nearly to Grace Church. IN Girl's Portion. This was surveyed for Colonel Henry jr Dulaney, in 1088. Extends from Rock Creek, eastward, to O. H. P. Clark's farm, three and three-eighths miles. The Asliton and Sligo Turnpike passes through the tract. The Silver Spring Farm, the estate of the late F. P. Blair, and the residence of the Hon. Montgomery Blair, includes a portion of the tract; also, the Silver Spring Station and Sligo. The Brookville and Washington Turnpike crosses it. ( $<^-v%~»- / r_ 30 HISTORY 0¥ MONTGOMERY COUNTY. I.oeko Forost. This additional tract of seven hundred and ten at-res, was also surveyed for Colonel Henrj' J)ulaney, in 1688. It lies west of "eJosei)li's Park," on the west side of Eock Creek, and extends west one and seven -eighths miles. The Kockville and (Tcorgetown Ttirni)ike passes through it. The farms of the late Saninol Perry and William Ilndlestou, on the old (leorgetowu road, and Bethesda Church are included within its limits. IIorinilnKO. (iranted to AVilliam Joseph, May 2nd, 1689, for three tliousand eight hundred and sixty-six acres. This g'l'ant lies on tlic east side of Kocdc Creek and adjoins "Joseph's Park" on the noith, and extending fioni \'ier's Mill to the inter- section of the Kockville and Washington Turn])ike w4th the Union Turnpike Company's road. The Brookville and Wash- ingtt)n Tuinpike passes through it from the Watery Branch to one-fourth of a mile south of Mitchell's Cross Koads. The City rcKul, from Kockville to Washington i)asses through it, from Craves' farm to Aug. Burgdorf's farm, at the hitersection of the iiro(»kvilIe and ^Vashington Turni)ike. The Norwood Turnpike travei'ses the tract from Kemp's store to Lyddaue's farm, or its inteisection with the Brookville and W^ashington Tui'upike. It eml)ra(;es many tine farms and elegant residences. Lying to the east of " Ileiinitage" is St. WinrxlMir;;. surveyed for John Woodcock, May 3rd, I«».si», for li\(' hundred acres, extending- from the North-west luaneli at Kemp's Mill, westward one and one-half miles west of the l'>r()i>k\iMe and Wasiiington Turn])ike. The road from Kemp's .Mill to Lyddaue's farm and tlie Norwood Turnpike passes llirough it. 'fliis grant includes the estate of the late William Pierce. Immediately north of "St. Winexburg" is located CarrolI'M Torosl, gi'anted to Charles (^arroll. May 3rd, 1689, consi.siin;; ol li\c hiindi'ed acres. This tiael was conveyed May .'{rd. IT'.H, Ity Charles Cairoil, ol Canolltou, to John Connelly. On tlif west side of K'ocU Creek, north of "Leeke Forest," and west ol •• !!< 1 iiiitage," is a trad (ailed I>an, granted TiKtmas Brooke, Seplend)er6th, 169-4, for three Ihousanil six iiunassos through this tract from the cemetery to Liberty Grove school-house. The next settlements made in the County were located in the south-western part, between Rock Creek and the Potoniac Kiver. Friciidsliip, patented to Thomas Addison and James Stod- dart, December 1st, 1711, for three thousand one hundred and twenty-four acres. This land extends from near the Potomac and below Edmund Brooke's fiirm, a south-easterly and easterly direction across the Georgetown Turu])ike, north of Tenally- town, and up the pike, north-westerly, near to Bethesda post otiice, and contains many rich and valuable farms; Allison Nailor's lands, and the farms of Richard Williams, Henry Loughborough, and others. The river road passes through from Hider's farm to near Tenallytown. Adjoining, and on the east, lies C'liarlcH and Tlionia!!>, surveyed for Charles Beale and Thomas Fleteliall, Ai)ril 8th, 17ir>, containing four hundred and nineteen acres. The road from Tenallytown to Jones' Bridge, runs tliroiigii the land. On the noith, and west of "Friendship," lies anolli( r tract, called FricndKliip, ,A;r Thomas Beale and Charles FlctcJtall, May 2nd, I71."i, lor one thoiisiind three hundred aiul sixty-eight acres. This tract extends from th<' lai ins of L. A. Lodge, in a north- ca.st eourhe as far as ('. \\ , Lansdale's farm. CiaKcH'N l>iirciiaMnng Hill, surveyed for Walter Evans, August 10th, 1715, containing five hundred and thirty-six acres. It was situated on the Potomac, at the mouth of Watts' Branch. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal runs through it, as does also the river road, from 34 HISTORY OF MONTGOiMERY COUNTY. iicai' Watts' Hranch to Cornell's farm. Immediately below this grant, lying along the Potomac, comes Tlioiiipson's II«p Yard, i»atente(l by Jobn Thompson, J)t'ccnil»er 8lh, 171.~», and which embraced one hundred acres. Tliis is hut a short distance abo\'e the Great Falls. Cool Spring I^evel, to Archibald Edmouston, April 28th, 1717, containing live lunidred and ninety-two acres. This tract is situated <»ii tlic road from Olfutt's Cross Roads to the Great Falls. On tiie north of this road, Allison'H Park, suiveyed for John Allison, June 10th, 171."), embracing six liundivd and twenty acres, and lying south of Watts' Ibanch. Adjacent to this, s Ar«'liil»ald*s Lot, granted to James Moore, March 17th, 17 IS. This tract lies on the road from Rockville to the Great Falls, and contained one hundred acres, and is embraced in the farm of .Jacob Miber. Voiiiigor IlrotlK'r. This tract lies west of Watts' Branch, and was surv('\«'d for William Otiutt, August 21st, 1717, and contained six hundred acres, and comi)rises tlie farms of Wil- liam ^'iers and Joseph T. Bailey. Following this, comes l>ispiilo, l\ing on the head-waters of Watts' Branch, sur- veyed for Charles and ^Villianl Beall, January 19th, 1719, con- taining six hundred and seventy acres. An older tract then lies to the east of this, and is called the Two IJrollKM'si, eomi)rising twelve hundred acres, through wiiith ])asses Watts' Ibaneh and the road from Rockville to Darnestttwn. 'IMie next that claims attention on Watts' Branch, is 'riM' i:x<'liaiige, for Arthur Nelson, granted March lOth, 1718, for foui- hundicd and eighteen acres; and again, to the same person, .lanuary 28tli, 17 lit, Tii«» ]\«'\v r.xrliaiig*', lor one hundred and fifty acres. These two were re sui\eyed, Decembei' 2((th, 1721, and were ealletl ^'l-Ai'liange and iS'ew I'^xehange iMi];n'g(Ml," for Arthur Nelson, and contained sixteen lunidred and t wen ty acres. By this extension the tract extended down Watts' Jiranch a long distance, ami iinlMiiccd I he site upon wliich Ro(;k\ille was origi- niilly liiiili. Tlie load from b'ockville to (lie (Jreat Falls passes for more than two miles ihiough the tract. Tlie County Boor House farm, .ludge I'.ouic's, (O'Neal's,) .b>hn 1''. Wilson's, and HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 35 other farms are included in this tract. North of " Dan," men- tioned previous, is the Addition to Dan, surveyed for Philip Lee, December 10th, 1717, contaiuing five hundred and seventy-six acres; traversed by the Georgetown Turnpike. Then came Josei^h West and James Holmai'd, who joined in a co-partnership, and had a tract surveyed, containing five hundred and thirty-five acres, and when they came to give it a name, were at considerable trouble to select one that would give satisfaction to both partners, each wanted his name selected for the tract, so as to appear on the records at Annapolis. Much was said on the subject by both parties; finally a compromise was efifected by mutual friends, who taking their two Christian names, joined them with the copulative conjunction "and," which gave them Joseph and James, and was so patented October 15th, 1718. It is situated on the road from Eockville to Gaithersburg, and embraces the farms of Samuel Clements and others. CHAPTER VI. Land Grants — Continued. Easy Purchase. Frienclshij) Enlarged. Brumaldry. Lay Hill. SnoH'den'^K Manor. Snoicdcn^s Manor Enlarged. Charles and Benjamin. George the Third. BealVs Manor. Beall ChrisHe. Bear Garden Enlarged. Deer Pari;. Snowden Mill. Charley Forest. Addition to Charley Forest. Hygham. GoUVs Branch. Gitting\s Hah ! Hah ! ! Bordley\s Choice. Brooke Grove. Addition to Broole Grore. John and Sarah. Benjamin''s JjOt. New Year's Gift. Antra. Easy Come By. Mill Ijand. Boyd^s Delay. Magri(der\s Hazard. Paradise. Bernardh Desire. Wicl-ham and Pottinger''s Discovery. Partnership. The Bro- ther '' Industry. Deer Park. Fellou-ship. Constant Friend- sJiijt. In following the succession of settlements, it is necessary to return to the North-west Branch, where Archibald Edmonston ftjund ;ni KuH.y Puroliase, granted April 23rd, 1716, consisting of nine Inindrcd acres, extending from the Nortli-west Branch to the West I'oint IJrancli. The Asliton and Sligo Turnpike runs tlintugli the er'tirc length of it, iVoni John T. Baker's farm behiw and near ('oles\ ille, to tlie late Johns Hopkins farm at the intersection ot llie Columbia road. Crossing to the east side of tlie North-wi'st liraneli, is located rriondsliip l.iilarKiMl. lor Alexaiuler Beall, May 14th, 17H», ('(Milaining nine liiiiirlicd mid twenty acres, and extending from n<'ar the <"«Hiiity line njt lo the north of Bond's Mill, on the Ashloii and Sligo Tnni|)ike. A short distance north of "('arroll's I'orest," heretolbic described, lies a tract called l>riiiii:ilo«'r I'ark. surveyed for Archibald Edmonstou, February 14th, ITL'O, containing six hundred and eighty-two acres. This grant, uk biding "I>oall Christie," lies between the West Point and tlie I'ast Point liranches, and embrace the farms of Julius Marlow. and others. Adjacent to '' Beairs Manor," is SuoMden ]»lill, granted to Ivichard Snowdeu in October, 1723, surveyed for five hundred and forty-six acres. The Columbia road ])asses by this tract; while it is well watered by the West Point Branch passing through it. Nancy Brown's farm, and otliers are included, as also the road from John T.ei/.ar's to Nancy Brown's. Ciiarlcj Forest, was granted to Major John Bradford, and contained one thousand two hundred and thirty acres. In- creased by Addition lo Charley Forest, surveyed for the same per- son, SeptemiH'r Kith, ITliO. These two united, extend from Mechaiiiesville to within a short distance of where SuelFs Bridge crosses the Patuxent lUvcr. The turnpike from Mechanicsville to Sandy Springs and Ashton passes over it, and from Ashton, tlie road to Sni-lTs Bridge; and the road to Brighton runs on it. (hi ihisiract is situated Sandy Si)rings and Ashton, including many valuable fainis, viz: l^'aii- Hill farm, at Mechanicsville, witii the faniis nl' William II. Karciuhar, Albin (lilinn, K. T. P)entley, Ivlward Thomas, and many otluTS. The tract is lo- cated t»n the dividing ridge that sej)arates the head- waters of the North west Branch and Cabin Creek. Ill following (he order of dates iy settlement, llawlings' Kiver Ih reaclu'd, when HISTORY OF MONTGO]VrERY COUNTY. 39 Hygliam is foiiiKl, granted to John Bradford, Febrnary 23rd, 1720, surveyed for one hundred acres. Beginning from the same tree, is Gold's Brancli, granted to Kichard Suowden, July 30th, 1722, for two hundred and fifty-seven acres. These two grants lie on Hawlings' Eiver, and constituted a portion of the farm of Hon, Allen Howie Davis, his residence being located on the latter, through which the Westminster road passes, and also Gold Branch, a small tributary of Hawlings' Eiver. Gitting's Hall ! Hali I ! was surveyed for Thomas Spriggs and Eichard Simmons, July 27th, 1724, and contained five hun- dred and seventeen acres, lying on both sides of Hawlings' Eiver, embracing the following farms: James T. Holland's, Thomas John Holland's, William Brown's, and others. Adjoin- ing this, lies Bordley's Choice, granted to Thomas Bordley, April 8th, 1725, for one thousand acres. The Eeedy Branch, an off-shoot of Hawlings' Eiver, divides the tract and affords plenty of water to the following farms: Thomas J. Holland's, AVilliam Eiggs', " Thomas Eiggs' and Brice Howard's. The Brookville Academy is located on this survey. Adjoining this grant lies a tract, originally Brooke Grove, surveyed for James Brooke, September 4th, 1728, and a re-survey for the same person, November loth, 1741, for three thousand one hundred and fifty-four acres, and again re-surveyed, so as to include the adjacent vacancies, and named Addition to Brooke Grove, surveyed for James Brooke, September 29th, 1762, and contained seven thousand nine hun- dred and six acres. After this addition to his Grove, he had eleven thousand and sixty acres granted by patent, and six thousand by purchase, and owned at the time of his death, nearly twenty thousand acres. This tract extends from Thomas J. Holland's farm, some eight or nine miles in a north-westerly direction, beyond the Big Seneca. The town of Brookeville, which was founded in 1780, and Laytonsville are situated on it. The road from Brookeville to Laytonsville passes through the tract, which embraces souie of the finest farms in the County, including those of E. J. Hall, the late Dr. William B. Magruder, John Eiggs, Charles Brooke, the late Walter Magruder, David L. Pugh, Thomas D. Gaither, 40 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and Saiiiuol Riggs, of K. This was the largest tract of land owned by one i)erson in the County, and gives an example of the wealth and iiiHnence enjoyed by these early Princes of the Manoi-. James Brooke was a descendant of Robert Brooke, who established a Protestant Colony at Delia Krooke, on the Patnxent, on the 29th of June, 1650, seventy ciglit years ])revious. , John and Sarah, surveyed for John Philburn, December 21st, 1724, and contained two hundred acres, includes the town of Unity. KoiiJaininN T^ot, surveyed for Benjamin Gaitlier, April 8th, 172;"), for tive hundred and sixteen acres. Located on the Patnxent River and embraces the town of Triadelphia, and includes the farms of Robert Brown, and others. The "Westminster road from Brookeville i^asses through "Bordley's Choice," "Gold Branch," "Addition to Brooke Grove" and "Benjamin's Lot," to the Patnxent Bridge. l^'^ew Year's Gift, granted to Thomas Bordlej', October 11th, 1720, for eleven hunlonial days, it is only necessary to glance at the Itecords of the Counties, and by examining the land patents, as described in this clmpter, it will be found that from the scttleuK'nt of "Easy I'urchase" in 1710, to the survey of "Constant Friendship"'' in 1722, com])rising as it does a large portion of the County, was accomplished in the short space of six years. And again, by examining the names and titles given the various tra(;ts, it w ill be found that our forefathers were gentlemen of education and rejincment — unlike the emigrant of tlic present, who lands on our shores ignorant and i)enni- less — tliey came to the New World to establish a country and a home, where liberty of thought and freedom of s])eech were to be the fundamental principles upon which to base their struc- ture. They came and brought their wives, their children, and their hous<'liol(l go- chapter, in a sonth-westcrly direction to the Potomac liiver, and down the river to Kdmond IJrooke's I'aiiii, I lien retnrns with, or parallel with "Friendshij)'' and ''Contention," before mentioned, and embraces the faiin of William l\eading-. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal i)asses throngh it. C'lewi'i'wald l^iilar^od, snrveyed for William Offntt, Jnly 17th, 17i'.s, contains two thousand acres, and embraces the farms (»f the late I'hihp Stone, (Jeorge Bradley, Joshua W. Otfntt. and others. (jiuosc l*4>iid, snrveyed for -John Chittam, November -ith, 172(5, lor o\u' hnndred acres, lies on the Potomac a short dis- tance above the Great Falls, and is traversed by the Chesa- peake and Ohio Canal. Jnst below this, and immediately oi»i)(isilr the (ireat I'^aiis, is lioar I>en, snrvey<'d for William Oflutt, Ajnil 4th, 1729, and cDhiainf^l two hnndred acres. l*r«'\4'iilioii, ^iranted William IJeall and others, July 4th, 1727, lor «'le\( II linndred and eighty-two acres. Rock Greek rnns thicuigii the tract. Veirs' -Mill is located at the crossing of the iiocUx illc and Washington Itoad. It embraces the Kock Creek larni of Judge I Ionic, and others. Nuiiil .tIary'M, granted Caleb Litton, Jane 281h, 1727, for sixty seven acres, lies south of Jiockville, on the city road. In a previous <'hapter it was stated that the original Itockville stood on "lOxchange ami New Ivxchange Enlarged." The additions will now be given: \ al<'iiliii<'*H (liaiMh'ii l^iilar{><'.'>. Kail lis' Ten ill re, surveyed for John Banks, November 2!)th, 17.">-:, and cmiiaincd one limidrcd acres, includes the pre- sent site ol" IJedland. Aliraliaiii's Lot, granted Cornelius Etting in 1732, on the i*otoma«! Kiver, near the mouth of Broad Kun. liilliiiain, granted to Daniel (-arroll in 1735, and contains three thousand acres, lies on the Conrad's Ferry road, and in- chuh's the lands of Tiudowick Young's heirs, and others. .lolin's l>eliKlif, granted and surveyed for John Ilarriss, June Mill, 1 7. ")."», cniliiaces tlie lands in and adjacent to Martins- bnig and Conrad's l-'eriy. CoiK-liisioii, granted Daniel Dulaney in 1731, enjbraces the farms (»r .losepli l);i\vsitii, l"'r«'derick Dawson, Col. George W. Dawsrni, and ol lieis. — ail linel\ iiii])roved. Turkey I'liieki'l, granted and surveyed for John IMagru- der, Scpieml.ci. 17.i(.. and embraces the farms of Zadok Ma- grUiler. :iimI i-iiiK <.iaridly extended all over the County, so that by 1775 very little \acant land remained. After this period only here and there a vacancy was discovered, and then a re-survey on the adjacent tract would be made to include the vacancy or vacancies. From the earliest settlement to 1700, the grants were given as lying in Charles County; from 1700 to 1745, they were given as lying in Prince George's County; from 1745 to 1770, they were given as lying in Frederick (\>unty; and shice 1770, all grants have been from Montgomery County. CHAPTER VIII. Fredericli City. Georfietown, T). C. Tobacco. EoUiiig Roads. French Wa)\ Defeat of General Braddock. Massacre of the Settlers. The Revolution. Meeting at old Hnngerford Tavern. Resolutions. Formation of Montgomery Connty, — Named after General Richard ^Fontgomery. Rockville, — the County Seat. Districts of the County. Orphans' Court. Registers of Wills. Members of the State Convention. Frederick, now the second city of the State, was laid out 1745, and made the County town in 1748, — at which time Fred- erick County was formed, having been carved out of Prince George's. Georgetown was laid out in 1751 by an Act of the General Assembly, which set forth there was a convenient site for a town at the mouth of Eock Creek on the Potowmach River, adjacent to the Inspection House, called George Gordon's Roll- ing House, and that Captain Henry Wright Crabb, John Xeed- ham, John Clagett, James Perrie, Samuel Magruder the 3rd, Josias Beall, and David Lynn, should be commissioned for Frederick Count>', and authorized to i)urchase sixty acres of Messrs. George Gordon and George Beall, at the place aforesaid, to be erected into a town called George Town. For the advant- age of the town and eucouragemeut of the back inhabitants^ the Commissioners were authorized to hold two Fairs annually, for three successive days, during which every one attending the same should be free from arrest, except for felony or breac^h of the peace. In 1783, a tract of land called the Rock of Dumbarton, belonging to Thomas Beall, was added to the town. In 1789, the town was incorporated, and Robert Peter was ai)i)()inted Mayor, and John Mackall Garrett, Recorder. Brooke Beal l. Bernard O'lSTeal, Thomas Beall of George, James McCubbin 50 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Lino-an, John Tliirlkold, and John Peter, Aldermen, so long as they shall well behave themselves therein. Falling within the limits of the "ten miles square" that were ceded to the Uniteeall,who went to the rescue and atfoided protection to the settlers. General Braddock marched through this County on his ill-fatt'd expedition, and encaiiii)ed for one night within the i)resent limits of Rockville. After the excitement attending the French ami Indian War had subsided, nothing of nnlitary or ])olitical intei'cst (xjcurred, until the convulsions immediately ])rece(ling the R(^volution. When the news reached tlie p('o))le tliat the Uritish had blockaded tiie i)ort of Boston, a meeting was called at the famous old llnngerfoid Tavern, the proceedings of which were as follows: HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COXJNTY. 51 "FREDERICK COUNTY, MD.. RESOLUTIONS." "At 51 iweetiiig of a respectable aud iniiiierous bod.y of the freemen of the lower part of Frederick County, at Charles Hungerford's Tavern, on Saturday, the lltli day of June, 1774. Mr. Henry Griffith, Moderator. "l.s^. Resolved unanimou.sh/, That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the town of Boston is now sutfering in the com- mon cause of America. "2»f/. Besolvcd unanimously, That every legal and constitu- tional measure ought to be used by all Americans for procuring a repeal of the Act of Parliament for blocking up the harbor of Boston. "3rretentious names as My Lord Baltimore, Lord Frederick, Lord Arundel, and Prince George, gave way before advancing ideas, and names made memorable, both in the civil aiul military service, ap- peared, viz: Washington, Carroll, Howard, and Gairett — all distinguished by a long and honorable career as eminent citizens and i)ublic ofiicers. The first efforts towards the organization of Montgomery County was made by Dr. Thomas k5])rigg AVootton, a member of the State Convention, who, on the 31st of August, 177G, pre- sented to the President of the Convention, an Ordinance for the division of Frederick' County into three distinct and sepa- rate counties, — which was read and ordered to lie on the table. On the 6th of September following the Ordinance was again called up, and passed by a small majority. In relation to Mont- gomery County, it Resolved, That after the first day of October next, such part of the said County of Frederick, as is contained within the bounds and limits following, to wil : lU'ginning at the east side of the mouth of Kock Creek on the Potomac Kiver, and running thence with the said river to the mouth of the Monocacy, theu with a straight line to Par's Spring, from thence with the line of the County to the beginning, siiall be and is hereby erected into anew County called MoiNTGuMEiiV County. In the su(!ceeding year Pockvillk was selected as the Cunker Hill there was no more hesitation; Congress determined, not only to defend the rights of the people, but to drive out the British trooi)s. Thomas Johnson, of Maryland, had the honor of nominating (ieneral Washington as (Jommander-in-chief of the American forces. The Convention again met on the 2(!th .luly, 1775, and ordered the formation of a regular force, to be composed of a battalion, of wliich (Jolonel Smallwood received the command, and seven iu(l( pciidcnt comi)ani('s, nnmlx'iing in all 1444, besides two comi)aiii('s of artillery and one of marines. l>y a icsoltition of Congress, two comi)anies ol' lilli'mcii were called for from Maryland. These companies were soon filled with the liardy i>ioneers of Montgonu^ry and l^'redi^rick Coun- ties. Cai)taiu Cresap's company numbeicd one iiundred and thirty men, who were armed with tomahawks and rilles; were painted like Indians, and dressed in hunting shirts anrew York in April, 1780, and marched through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and embarked at the head of Elk River for Baltimore. The first and second brigades were immediately filled up, and passed through the State early in May, num- bering about two thousand men, many of whom were from Montgomery and Frederick (Jouuties. The most of that gallant and veteran army looked for the last time upon their beloved State; they offered up their lives in the defence of their brothers in the South. Their deeds of prowess, from the battle of Cam- den, where, under the command of Colonel Otho H. Williams, of Montgomery County, General Smallwood, and Colonel John Eager Howard, including the bloody struggles of Cowpens, Guilford Court House, Ninety-Six, Eutaw Springs, and the Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, which took place on the 19th of October, 1781, nobly exemplifying the fact, that from the Heights of Brooklyn to the cotton fields of the Carolinas, the Maryland Line maintained their reputation for discipline and valor, worthy to be enrolled on monuments of marble and bronze. They were not mercenary soldiers, but farmers, mer- chants, and mechanics, who pledged their fortunes and lives to the cause of liberty. The officers, elected by the Convention for this County, con- sisted of Colonels, John Murdock and Zadok ^Magruder; Lieu- tenant Colonels, Thomas Johns and Charles G.Griffith-, First Majors, Richard and Francis Deakins; Second Majors, William Deakins and Richard Crabb; Quarter-Master, Samuel DuVall. These were the rei)resentative men of the day, and as sponsors 60 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. of the cause of independence and freedom in its infancy, are worthy of perpetual remembrance. Montgomery County furnislied soldiers for the War of 1812, in which Major George Peters served with distinction. At the battle of Bladensburg, in 1814, the militia from this County and Prince George's, under the command of Commodore Barney, aided by a body of seamen and marines, maintained their ground until they were overpowered by numbers, and the Com- modore taken prisoner. The enemy then proceeded to Wash- ington, burned the Capitol, President's bouse and many other buildings. President Madison was compelled to take flight, and sought safety in Brookeville, in this County, from whence he issued his disi)atches. In the late war between the sections, a large force entered the armies. Among the oflicers in the Con- federate service, none were more distinguished for capacity, eflficiency and valor, than the lamented Colonel Eidgely Brown, Colonel Elijah Veirs White, Colonel T. H. S. Boyd,' Colonel Gus Dorsey and Colonel Benjamin S. White, In addition to these, there were Captains Thomas Griffith, Festus Griffith, George W. Cliiswell and James Anderson, and Lieutenant Edward Cliiswell, Surgeon Edward Wootten, and a host of other officers, non-commissioned officers and i)rivates, all of revolutionary descent, and who, Avhether in a good or bad cause, illustrated the valor of the race and well maintained the repu- tation of the old Maryland Line. So, from the first French and Indian War upon our borders, to the late sectional struggle, the people responded with alacrity to what they conceived to be the call of military duty. Their hearts ever glowing with the fire of patriotism. CHAPTER X. First Revolutionary /Soldier. Montgomery's Revolutionary Roll. Pension Acts. Names of Pensioners. Meteoric Slioicers, as icitnessed at tJie home of Charles Saffell, the Oldest Pensioner on the List. Scenes in Gaithershurg and Rockville. The first Eevolutionary soldier pensioned in Montgomery Couuty was James Carraut. He was placed on the roll in com- j)liauce with the general Invalid Pension Law, approved June 7th, 1785, and died September 4th, 1822. Francis Hutchinson was also a pensioner, but not revolutionary. He belonged to the regular army of the United States. Samuel Harris was pensioned as a matross of the revolutionary artillery, and died on the 19th of September, 1826; and William A. Xeedham was also a revolutionary pensioner, i3laced on the roll in 1808. William O'Xeal, was a private in the Maryland militia at some period not known, and placed on the pension roll, per Act Ai)ril 30th, 1816, at the rate of $48 per annum ; and Samuel B. White was a private in the revolutionary army, pensioned per Act June 7th, 1785, and died January 16th, 1832. James White was also a pensioner, per Act June 7th, 1785. He belonged to the revolutionarv armv, but the time of his death is not known. All the soldiers named above were invalid pensioners, pensioned on account of wounds and disability received in the service of the United States, in the line of their duty, and they honorably appear on old Montgomery's roll of honor, as good men, tried and true. The following revolutionary soldiers, residing in Montgomery County, were pensioned by an Act of Congress, approved the 18th of March, 1818. In order to obtain the benefit of this Act, they were required to prove nine months service in the Conti- nental army, and exhibit, under oath, a schedule showing that their property was worth no more than $500. Another Act was passed on the 1st of May, 1820, requiring the exliibition of 62 HISTORY OF MONTGOilERY COUNTY. another schedule, and, if in the meantime, their property had increased, so as to exceed $500 in value, they were dropped from the pension roll. These Acts of Congress were very dis- tasteful to the old soldiers, for they looked upon them as offer- ing a reward to soldiers for keeping tliemselves in poverty. The hrst name in the County placed on the pension roll, in com- pliance with the Act of 1818, was John liobbins, on the 6th of April, 1818, aged 72 years, at the rate of $96 per annum. He belonged to the "Old Maryland Line," so distinguished in all the battles in which it took a part. All the pensioners under this Act, if privates, received $96 per annum; if commissioned officers, they were allowed $210 per annum. The second name placed on the roll was that of Joseph Eay, aged 65 years, also of the Maryland Continental Line. Then followed the names of Thomas Penefill, aged 72 years, who died December 15th, 1832; James Er^dn, aged 67, who died June 28th, 1827; George Field, aged 80, time of death unknown; Eobert Hurdle, aged 75, time of death unknown; John Jordon, aged 77, time of death unknown; Henry Leeke, age not given, dropped fi'om the roll per Act May 1st, 1820, time of death unknown. These were privates of the Maryland Line. James Campbell, of Virginia Line, aged 71 years, private, died September 14th, 1827; Beltzor Lohr, Pennsylvania Line, aged 76, j)rivate, died February 27th, 1827; Thomas Lingan, Lieutenant, Maryland Line, aged 67, died May 28th, 1825 ; William Layman, Ensign, Maryland Line, aged 81, droi)ped from the roll per Act May 1st, 1820, restored March 22nd, 1826, time of death unknown. The two officers last named were pen- sioned at the rate of $240 per annum. The following named soldiers of the revolutionary war, residing in the County, were pensioned per Act of Congress, approved June 7th, 1832. Tlie minimum rate of pension allowed a pri- vate under this Act, was $20 i)er annum for six months service in any department of the rcvohitionary army, and increased, 2)ro ratdj according to the time of service, so as not to exceed the rate of $80 per ainium, tlie maximum, for two years service. No grade of officer was allowed more than $600 per annum, for two years service. Periods of service for less than two years, were rated according to rank and time of service. Every soldier was entitled to pension under this Act, without regard to HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COXJNTY. 63 the value of liis property, and many who lost their pensions on the passage of the Act of May 1st, 1820, were restored by the Act of 1832. All pensions under this Act were made to commence on the 4th of IVIarch, 1831. Those pensioned were as follows: Geo. Beckwith, Sergeant, $32.50 per ann., Maryland Line, age 74. Richard Barrett, " 36.15 " " " " 79. Giles Easton, Private, 30.00 " " " " 73. Caleb Galworth, " 80.00 " " " " 77. Chas. Morris, Corporal, 79.66 " New York " " Chas. Saflfell, Musician, 88.00 " Maryland " " 84. Joseph Warfield, Lieutenant, 85.97 " " " " 76. Saml. Griffith, Captain, 414.00 " " " " — James Fling, Private, 80.00 " Virginia " " 73. Charles Saffell, the oldest man on the list, died in 1837. The following- thrilling account of a visit to the home of this old veteran, on the occasion of the great Meteoric Showers on the night of the 12th of jSToveraber, 1833, four years previous to his death, will be interesting. "Five miles beyond the mill, (Clopper's on the gTcat Seneca,) at early candle-light, I reined up at the farm of Charles Saffell, an old soldier, then 84 years of age, who had been a musician in the Revolutionary Army. The old gentleman had a drum, fife and fiddle, an old English musket, which he captured at the battle of Brandy wine, and many other relics from the 'days that tried men's souls.' He was spending the calm evening of his long life in singing our long catalogue of heroes, yet un- sung; and from his sweet flute, fife and violin I ardently drank in the inspiring melodies of the revolution. At the hour of ten o'clock I took a candle and' a row of paper matches, about the length and appearance of a row of pins, and retired to bed in an upper room. The matches were made by cutting out a piece of pajjer about three inches long, and one wide, and making a dozen clips with a pair of scissors, into one of the longer edges of the i^aper so prepared, as to extend about three- quarters of the distance across its width. This clipped edge was dipped into the combustible mixture, and when dry, all that was necessary to produce a flame, was to tear off one of these clippings and draw its dipped ends gently along between the tip of the forefinger and the wall of your room, or over the <)4 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. surface of any other rough substance. I struck the match, the first kind known in trade, and with a cheerful and glad heart lit the candle. I was under the cover and yielded to tired nature's sweet restorer, but soon encountered very singular and inexplicable experience, which I will mention, for I am writing facts, of which I ought not to be ashamed. The air being keen and frosty, three counterpanes were on the bed, and I slid under them and made a survey of the surroundings in the dark room before trying