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^^ HISTORY

^ OF

OAKLAND COUNTY

MICHIGAN

A Narrative Account of its Historical Progress,
its People, and its Principal Interests

Compiled from the official records of the County, the newspapers and
data of personal interviews, under the editorial supervision of

THADDEUS D. SEELEY

VOLUME

ILLUSTRATED

THE LEWIS PUBLISl-IIXc; COMPANY

CHICAGO AND NICW YORK
I0I2

u \\\\y

THE N'E)^ ^■"^•'^
PUBLIC LlGVlAllY

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INTRODUCTION

\\'e present this history with pleasure, because it deals with a pleas-
ant subject — (Jakland county. There is another reason for this atti-
tude toward our subject: — the cooperation of contributors and of citi-
zens has been so general and hearty that the historical work required
has been transformed from a task into a labor of love.

Oakland county is peculiarly fortunate in the variety of her charms
and riches, to which truth these pages bear witness. With her land-
scape beauties and sunny lakes, she is drawing thousands to her who
seek restful homes and profitable investments. At the same titne, her
soil is fertile and invites the practical farmer, dairyman and horticul-
turist, while in the urban centers, the industrial and commercial inter-
ests have obtained a firm foothold and assure livelihood and profit to
the citizen. Xo county in the state has better schools, and, as will be
made plain in the progress of this history, in no section has woman had
a more extended or elevating influence. In a word, Oakland is unex-
celled as a home county; no more need he said to the good American,
whether of native or foreign blood.

As to the collaborators on the history, too much cannot i)e said
of the <|uantity and quality of the assistance rendered liy Hon. Aaron
Perry. In those homely words which so truly express our feeling toward
him — "what could we have done without him!" Also as to Aliss Martha
Baldwin and Mrs. Lilian Drake Avery — "what could we have done with-
out them,"' especially in setting forth the scope of woman's work, and
the splendid part taken by the pioneers of the county in laying the
foundation upon which the later generations ha\e builded their com-
fort and prosperity. Thanks are rendered all our associate editors —
Fred M. Warner, Thomas L. Patterson, Flarry S. Gardner and Samuel
W. Smith, for their willing and effective cooperation. The county
an<l village officials, business men, farmers and manufacturer.s — all. in
face, who have worked to make Oakland county what it is today and are
laboring for its greater future — have our sincere thanks, both for what
they are doing toward the ])rogress of this favored section of the state,
and for what they have done in enabling us to picture it in this liislory
of Oakland countv. Th.^ddeus D. Seelev.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

THE GREAT TRANSFORMATION

Wonderful Country of Lakes — Cass and Orchard — Remarkable
Natural Phenomenon — The Lake Orion Region — Summer Re-
sort Features — Transportation Facilities — As a Farming and
Live Stock Region — Features of the Transformation. 1

CHAPTER n

GENERAL PHYSICAL FEATURES

Surface and Elevations — Immense Drift and Formations Beneath
— Soil and Climate — The Surface Geology of Oakland
County. 9

CHAPTER HI

INDIAN AND PRIMITIVE RECORD

Orch.'vrd Lake and the Great Chief Pontiac — The Legend of Me-
nah-sa-gor-ing — Primitive Tillage and Industries — Contact
with Known Tribes — Scars of Battle — C. Z. Horton's Contri-
butions — Indian Camping Ground and Cemetery — Queer Cu.s-
toms — The Passing of Wf,-se-gah. 19

CHAPTER IV

FIRST SETTLERS AND LAND OWNERS

Great Set-Back to Settlement — Oakland County's First Settlers
— The Mack Colony of Pontiac — "Uncle Ben" Woodworth —
— First Surveys — Locatioins under the "Two Dollar" Act—
The "Ten Shilling" Act — Great Event for the Pioneer Land
Owner — Town of Pontiac Settled — Orion and Oxford — Royal
Oak and Troy — Avon and White Lake^Springfield and Grove-
land — Farmington and West Bloomfield — Waterford and In-
dependence — Brandon, Soutiifield and Bloomfield. 27

vi CONTENTS

CHAPTER V

PTCTURKS OF THE PAST

Hervky Pakkk Co.mks ro Oakland County — Bloom field and Ro^•AL
Oak in 1821 — Intant Village oe I'ontiac — Governor Wisner and
His AIullet Story — Becomes Horatio Ball's Assistant — Joseph
Wampler's Assigned Territory — A Surveyor's Hardships — Re-
turns WITH His Family — Birthplace of John IT. Parke — Home-
stead AT Last — Surveys from Pontiac — Running Lines under
Difficulties — Fresh Trails of tiie Black Hawk War — Between
Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron — Surveys in Black Hawk Reser-
vation, Iowa — Another Iowa Contract — Captain Parke's Re-
capitulation — Recollections of Benjamin O. Williams- — Indian
Near Death — Dear Old Oakland, the Best of All — A Picture
of Memory (p.y John M. Norton) — Advent of the Pioneer —
Railroad as a Fun-Maker — The Life Bequeathed by the Pi-
oneers — Fifty Years Ago and Now (p.y S. B. McCracken) —
Contrasts of Life — "Granny" McCracken — Father and Mother
McCracken — The Schools of Fifty Years Ago — Mormon V'isi-

TATION of 1832 — AuiSURN AM) THE YoUNG PlONEERS. 37

CHAPTER VI

RE\0LUTI0NARY SOLDIERS AND "DAUGHTERS"

County's First Settler, a Revolutionary Soldier — The Graham
Family — Nathaniel Baldwin — George Horton— Stephen Mack
— Colonel -Mack's Family — Joseph Todd and Party — Ithamar
Smith — Willjam Nathan Terry — Joshua Chamberlin and
Enoch Hotchkiss — Elijah Drake — Ezra Parker — Jeremiah
Clarke — Benjamin Grace — Caleb Barker Merrell — Levi Green
— Joel Phelps — Elias Cady — Samuel Niles — Silas Sprague —
EsBON Gregory — Zadock Wellman — Caleb Carr — Hooper Bishop
— Derrick Hulick — Caleb Pratt — Solomon Jones — Lydia
Barnes Potter — James Harrington and Jacob Petty — John
Blanchard — Altramont Donaldson — Joseph Van Netter —
Benjamin Bulson — Nathan I,andon — General Richardson
Chapter, D. A. R. — The Revolutionary Graves Marked — Meji-
BERSHiP OF Tin-: Daughters 72

CHAPTER VII

PIONEER RECORDS

County Pioneer Society Founded — The Supervisors' Picnics — Bet-
ter Preservation of Records — Society Incorporated — Pioneer
Women — Officers of the Society — Pioneer Relics in the Col-
lection of the Society 99

CONTENTS vii

CHAPTER VIII

DEVELOPMENT OF JUDICIARY

Territorial Supreme Court — Old District Court — County Courts
— Change in Supreme Court — Circuit Courts and Judges — The
"One-Horse" Court — Under the 1850 Constitution — A Sum-
mary — Under the Present Constitution. 110

CHAPTER IX

THE BENCH OF OAKLAND COUNTY

County Courts and Judges — Probate Courts and Judges — Circuit
Courts and Judges — the Court of Chancery — Circuit Court
Commissioners. 117

V CHAPTER X

THE BAR OF OAKLAND COUNTY

Daniel LeRoy — William F. Mosley' — Thomas J. Drake — Origen
D. Richardson — Chdeon O. Whittemore — Robert P. Eldredge —
Seth a. L. Warner — William Draper — Randolph Manning — ■
Charles Draper — Rufus Hosmer — George W. Wisner — Alfred
H. Hanscom — Governor Moses Wisner — Augustus Carpenter
Baldwin — John S. Goodrich — Levi B. Taft — Hester L. Stevens — •
Michael E. Crofoot — Henry M. Look — Mark S. Brewer — Living
Members of the Bar — Judge Thomas L. Patterson — Joseph Ed-
ward Sawyer — George "W. Smith — Robert J. Lounsbury — Aaron
Perry — Daniel L. Davis — Kleber P. Rockwell — Arthur R.
Tripp — Elmer R. Webster — James H. Lynch — John H. Patterson
— F. L. Covert — Henry M. Zimmerman — Andrew L. IMoore — H.
H. CoLviN — Peter B. Bromley. ]2()

CHAPTER XI

BACKWARD GLANCES AT BENCH AND BAR

Judge Crofoot's Recollections — Bench and Bar Prior to 1840 (by
Judge Baldwin) — Chief Justice Moore's Pictures — Aaron
Perry's Contributions. 158

CHAPTER XII

CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTY

First Official Act — County Se.\t Fixed — Original Two Town-
ships — Present Bound.\ries Established — Oakland County
under the Territory — Territorial Legislative Council — Legis-
lation Affecting Town and County — Township Government
Established — First Supervisors' Meeting — Some E.\rly Assess-
ments — Circle of Townships Completed — Roster of County
Officials — Assessments and Taxes — Popul.\tion for Ntxetv

viii CONTENTS

Ye.\rs — Incorporated Cities and Villages — The County Court
Houses — Cost of County Building— Present Court House — The
Oakland County Home — County Superintendents of the
I'ooR. -^ 188

CHAPTER XHI

OAKLAND COUNTY IN STATE POLITICS

Question ok Land Titles — Governor Cass Brings Stability —
Champions of Public Improvements — The State Constitutions —
Oakland County's Part in Constitution Making — Doctor Ray-
nale. Delegate to 1835 Convention — Seneca Newberry, Dele-
gate to 1835 and 1850 Conventions — State Officials, Elected
and Appointed — Territorial Council Representatives — Speak-
ers AND Clerk of the House — ^Michigan Legislators from Oak-
land County — State Senators — State Representatives — Dis-
turbances OF War Issues. 214

CHAPTER XIV

THE COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEM

Basis of Public School System — Central University and Branches
— First Academies' in Oakland County — Heads of the County
System — Remains a Perpetual Fund — Duties of the Teacher
OF Today — Standings Required — District Libraries — High
School Scholars — District Schools of the County — Present
Status of Schools. 22"

CHAPTER XV

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION

First Oakland County Highway — Other Roads Established — Im-
provement of the Clinton River — First Michigan Railway
Chartered — Detroit & Pontiac Railro.\d Company — Finally
Completed to Birmingham — Detroit & IVIilwaukee Railway
Company — Establishment of Present Systems — Coming of Elec-
tric Lines — The Grand Trunk System — The Michigan Cen-
tral — Pere Marquette R.mlroad — Detroit United R.ailway —
Summary. 234

CHAPTER XVI

BANKS AND BANKING

Oakland County's First Bank — The "Wild-Cat" Banks — One
"Safety Fund" Bank — N.\tional Banks in the County — The
State Banks — Pontiac Savings Bank — The Oakland County
Savings Bank^ — First Commercial Bank of Ponti.ac — The Ameri-
can S.wings Bank — First State Savings Bank of Birmingham —
Farmington Exchange Bank — Rochester Savings Bank — Holly
Savings Banks — Farmers' State Bank of Oxford — Roy'al Oak
Savings Bank — The Orion State Bank — State S.wings Bank
of South Lyon. 242

CONTENTS ix

CHAPTER XVII

THE MEDICAL PROFESSION

Pioneer Conditions — Primitive State of Medical Practice — Allo-
pathic Practitioners Prior to 1837 — Dr. William Thompson,
First Physician — Drs. Olmstead and John Chamberlain — Dr.
Ezra S. P.arke — Dr. Cvrus Chipman — Drs. Lamb, Lamond and
Alger — Dr. John C. Emery — The Old County Medical Society
— Allopathic Practitioners from 1837 to 1866 — Three Early-
Time Homeopaths — Present County JMedical Society — Pontiac
Medical Society — Present Practitioners. 249

CHAPTER XVIII

WOMEN'S INFLUENCE IN THE COUNTY

What Women PLwe Dqne for Oakland County (by Martha Bald-
win) — Women's Work in Pontiac — The Pontiac City Hospital
— Pontiac Public Library — Women's Literary Club of Pontiac
— The Round Table Club — West Side Reading Circle — Women's
Christian Temperance Union — Birmingham Public Library —
Birmingham Literary Club — Greenwood Cemetery Association
— Ladies' Library Association of Holly. 259

CHAPTER XIX

MILITARY MATTERS

Oakland County Soldiers of the War of 1812 — Napoleonic Sol-
diers — Early Military Organizations — The Mexican War—
The War of the Rebellion — First Michigan Infantry — Second
Infantry — General I. B. Richardson — The Second Regiment-
Third Infantry — The Fifth Infantry — Seventh Regiment-
Eighth AND Ninth Infantry Regiments — The Tenth Infantry
— Death of Adjutant Cowles — The Fourteenth Infantry —
The Fifteenth and Sixteenth — Twenty-second Infantry —
Governor Moses Wisner — Twenty-ninth Infantry — Thirtieth
Infantry and "Mechanics and Engineers" — Custer's Michigan
Cavalry Brigade — The Eighth Cavalry — Ninth and Tenth
Cavalry Regiments — Michigan Light Artillery — One Hun-
dred AND Second United States Colored Troops — Military
Matters of Late. 271

CHAPTER XX

VILLAGE OF PONTIAC

Colonel Mack's Company — First Pontiac Settlers — Works of
Mack, Conant and Sibley — Colonel's Mack, Father and Son —
Settlers of 1822-1836 — ^County Seat and Courthouse — Town-
ship Organization — The Village of Auburn (Amy) — Pontiac
Village Incorporated — Early Trustee Meetings — Real Estate

CONTENTS

Item — The Mill Pond Nuisance — The Fire of 1840 — Early
Bridges — Common Council, the Governing Body — The Village
Fire Department — Gas Works Inaugurated — Heads of the
\^iLLAGE Government. 286

CHAPTER XXI

CITY OF PONTIAC

First Election — City Police Department Horn — First City Hall —
Value of Property in 1876— "John P. Foster No. 2" — Smallpox
Epidemics of 1881-82 — Newspaper Sensation — Resignation of
Chief Engineer Foster — City Finances in 1876 — Board of Water
Commissioners Created — The New Fifth Ward — Original Sys-
tem of Water Works — Electric Lighting and Telephone Sys-
tems — First Gamewell Fire Alarm Telegraph — AIunicipal
Government in 1894 — First Three Years of Water Service —
Lighting and Telephone Service Again — Sewerage System In-
augurated — Extension of Water Works — Telephone Service
Up to Date — Commission Government Adopted — Early .Meas-
ures Passed — Increased Efficiency of Fire Department — The
Present City Hall — ^Mayors of Pontiac — The City Press —
Oak Hill Cemetery — Gas Lighting and Electric Power —

POSTOFFICE AND POSTMASTERS ThE PoNTIAC StATE HOSPITAL. 296

CHAPTER XNII

INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS POXTIAC

Direct Successor of 1S20 Mill — The Howard Interests — The Old
Paddack Mills — Charles Dawson and FIis \Vork — Pontiac City
Mills — Pioneer Machine Shops and Furniture F.-\ctories —
Early Breweries — Fathers of the Auto Industry — Pontiac and
Other Mills of 1852 — Pontiac's Early Business Men — Automo-
bile Industry of Pontiac- — Oakland Motor C.\r Company — Gen-
eral Motors Truck Company — The Flanders Plants — The Car-
TERCAR Company — Monroe Body Company — The Beaudell Body
Works — Slater Construction Company — Pontiac Brewery —
Pontiac Commercial Association. 320

CHAPTER NNIII
PONTIAC SCHOOLS

Sarah McCarroll's Sketch — The Oi.n Pontiac Academy — First
Co.MMON Schools — Puislic Syste.m Organized — The "Old Union"
— ITiGii School Building of 1S71 — School Superintendents and
High School Principals — The New High School — Public Sys-
tem and List of Schools — ]\Iichigan Military Academy. 333

CONTENTS xi

CHAPTER XXIV

POXTIAC CHURCHES

Earliest Methodist Preachers — First ]\Ii;tiiuuist Church in
County — Pastors From 1826 to the Present — Mrs. Shattuck's
Reminiscences — Central Methodist Episcopal Church — The
First Baptist Church — First Presbyterian Church — How the
Church Was Built — First Congregational Church — Third
Congregational Church in the State — New Bltilding — St.
Vincent De Paul's Church — All Saints Episcopal Church —
St. Trinitatis Lutheran Church — The African M. E. Church
— Young Men's Christian Associ.vtiox — Red Rtiumn Clup. of
Pontiac. ■ 340

CHAPTER XXV

POXTIAC'S FRATERNAL SOCIETIES

Masonry in Poxtiac — Third Lodge in Territory — Pontiac Lodge No.
21 — Past Masters — Pontiac Council No. 3, R. & S. M. — 0.\kland
Chapter No. 5. R. A. M. — Ponti.ac Commandery No. 2, K. T. —
Pontiac Chapter No. 228. O. E. S. — Masonic Temple Associa-
tion — Canton Pontiac No. 3, I. O. O. F. — Pythian Knights and
Sisters — Dick Richardson Post, G. A. R. — Knights of Colum-
p.us — Royal Neighbors of America — B. P. O. E. — Other Lodges.

362

CHAPTER XX\'I

BLOOMFIELD TOWXSHIP

Physical Fe-\tures — A Good Many Dead Indians — I'n«T L.\nd En-
try — FoRMATi\E Township Period — Three Competing T.werxs —
Mills and Stores Outside of Birmingham — Bloomfield Center
— Birmingham \^illage Plats — Old Times at Piety Hill — Vil-
lage of Birmingham — Reincorporated — Village Presidents and
Clerks — Public Works — .Soldiers' ^Monument — Birmingham
Churches — Secret and Fr.aternal Societies. 371

CHAPTER XXVII

HOLLY TOWNSHIP

Drainage and L.\ke.s — First Entry .\nd Settlement — Other Pi-
oneers of the Township — Settlers in 1832-1837 — First Things
— Quaint Alonzo R. Rood — Descendants of the Pioneers — •
Founding of Holly Village — Village Schools — New Union
School — Township and Vill.vge Libraries — The Waterworks —
Holly Newspapers — Tndustrie.s — The Churches — Societies. 38S

xii CONTEXTS

CIIAl'TER XXXITl

AVON TOWNSHIP

Jamks Graham, Oricixal Settler — The Hersey-Russell-Graham
Combine — Memories of the Old Hersey Mill — -Mill Stones
FROM Bowlders — Stony Creek Village — Rochester Platted —
I'ioneers Outside of Rochester — First Corporation Officers —
Rochester Industries — Western Knitting Mills — Creamery
and Flouring Mill — -The Schools — Rochester Union School —
Waterworks and Fire Protection — Electric Light and Power —
Rochester Newspapers — The Churches — Rochester Societies —
Biological Farm, Parkdale — Ferry Seed Farm. 401

CHAPTER XXIX

OXFORD TOWNSHIP

Civilly Organized — First Settlers of the Township — First Roads
and Railroad — Thomas — Lakes — Oxford Village Incorporated
— Schools — Oxford Churches — Newspapers and Societies — Ox-
ford Industries — Michigan Pressed Brick Company — C. L.
Randall & Company. 418

CHAPTER XXX

ROYAL OAK TOWNSHIP

Origin of the Name — Governor Cass "Sees for Himself" — Settlers
of 1822-1826 — Township Organized — Royal Oak Village — Cor-
poration Record — Royal Oak Schools — Churches — Societies —
Urban Rest and Ferndale — Roseland Park Cemetery. 428

CHAPTER XXXI

ORION AND MILFORD TOWNSHIPS

Orion's First Settlers and Events — A Township of Lakes — Orion
Village Churches — .Milford Township Formed — The Ruggles
Brothers — Pioneer Mills — The Present Village — Milford
Churches. 440

CHAPTER XXXII

LYON AND FARMIXGTON TOWNSHIPS

First Settlers of Lyon Township — New Hudson and Kensington —
Village of South Lyon — Schools and Churches — South Lyon
Industries — The Power Colony Founds Quakertown (Farm-
ington) — Other Pioneers of the Township — Doctor Webb Adds
Distinction — First Mills — Recollections of P. Dean Warner
— Village of Farmingtox — Schools — The Churches — The Ma-
sonic Lodge — Clarenceville and North Farmington. 449

CONTENTS xiii

CHAPTER XXXIII

ADDISON AND BRANDON TOWNSHIPS

Lakes of Addison Township — Lakeville"s Early Promise — Town-
ship Organization and District Schools — A^illage of Leonard
— Brandon Township — Its Pioneer Settlers — Village of Oak-
wood — Township Organization — \'illage of Ortonville. 461

CHAPTER XXXIV

INDEPENDENCE AND COMMERCE

Sashabaw Plains, Independence Township — Water Courses —
Settlers at Clarkston and the "Plains" — The Primitive
ScHooLHOusES — Clarkston Up To Date — Commerce Lakes and
Streams — First Settlers at Commerce and Walled Lake —
Commerce of Today — Township Organization and First Post-
offices — Wixom ANb Switzerland. 466

CHAPTER XXXV

SPRINGFIELD AND HIGHLAND

Springfield Township Organized — Springfield and Anderson Set-
tlements — Davisburg — Highland's Physical Features — First
Settlers — Highland Postoffice and Station — Village of Clyde
— Methodism in the Township. 471

CHAPTER X'XXVI

ROSE AND WEST BLOOMFIELD

Physical Features of Rose Township — Rose Center, or Rose —
Bloomfield as a Lake Township — Earliest Pioneers — ^Sale of
Indian Reservations — First Po.stoffice — Orchard Lake Post-
office — The Polish Seminary 476

CHAPTER XXXVII

NOVI AND WATERFORD TOWNSHIPS

The Name "Novi" — The Colony of 1825-26 — Novi Corners, or Novi
— Waterford Township and Its Lakes — Coming of the Wil-
liams' Families — Waterford Village Founded — Schools and
Churches — Waterford of Today — Drayton Plains — Old Clin-
tonville. 482

CHAPTER XXXVIII

TROY AND OAKLAND

The Trowbridge Family of Troy Township — Johnson Niles and
Troy — Big Beaver and Clawson — United Presbyterian Church
of Troy — Oakland Township in General — Goodison's. 487

xiv CONTENTS

CHAPTER XXXIX
SOUTHFIELD, GROVELAND AND WHITE LAKE

SOUTHFIELD TOWNSHIP's FiRST SeTTLEES FrANKLIX AND SOUTH-

FiELD — Groveland Township — Groveland and Austin — Almost
A Railroad — White Lake Township — Oxbow and White Lake.

491

INDEX

Abbott, James. 33.

Abernathy, Thomas, 443.

Academies, 228.

Academic building, Polish Seminary,
Orcliard lake, (view*), 480.

Adams, Isaac, 406.

Adams, William \V., 760.

Addison township — Mention, 194, 195,
198, 199, 200, 206; lakes, 461; Lake-
ville's early promise, 461 ; township
organization and district schools, 462 ;
village of Leonard. 463.

Aderholdt, Henry A., 727.

African M. E. church, 358.

Agriculture, 7. 23.

Aitcheson, William, 255.

Albertson. (Mrs.) William, 2(38.

Albright. Egbert P., 109.

Alexander. George W.. 660.

Alger, Charles A.. 432,

Alger, Ira C, 393.

Alger, Josiah, 253.

Alger, R. A., 282.

Algonquin?. 23.

Algor, William. 465.

Allen, Case J., 399.

Allen, Charles A., 432, 433.

Allen, Horace E., 552.

Allen. Ira. .392.

Allen, Jeremiah, 2S7.

Allen, Jonathan T., ,389, 392.

Allen, Luther D., 664.

Allen, Moses. 29. 31.

Allen, Orison. 29. 212. 287.

Allen. Robert G.. 699.

Allen. Sterling W.. 251.

Allison. Edwin V., 676.

Allison, Henry E., 367.

Allopathic physicians (1837-1866), 254.

All Saints Episcopal church, 356.

Allyn, A. F., 460.

Alvord. Russell. 450.

Alvord. Thaddeus, 210.

American Savings Bank of Pontiac, 245.

Amy, 290.

Anderson, James W.. 258. 817.

Anderson, John. 287.

Anderson. William, 852.

Andres. John. 437.

Andrews. Amasa, 321.

Andrews. Harry C, 120.

Andrews, Thaddeus, 458.

Annice. Isaac, 425.

.■\pplegate. David. 423.

Apple Island (see Me-nah-sa-gor-ning).

Apple Island. Orchard Lake (view), 22,

Armstrong. John L.. 445.

Armstrong. Stephen. 445.

Arnold. Ami, 748.

Arnold, Jerome F., 707.

Arnold, J. JM., 435.

Arthur, Frank, 359.

Assembly island, 4.

Assessments, 193, 198.

Auburn. 6g.

Auburn Academy, 228.

Auburn village (Amy), 290.

.\ustin. Darius, 392.

Austin. Handy, 393.

Austin, Hiram. ,^93.

Austin, John B., 310, 619.

Austin, Nellie, 392.

Austin Corners, 493.

Automobile industry of Pontiac, 327
Oakland Alotor Car Company, 328
General Motors Truck Company, 329
The Flanders Plants, 329; the Carter-
car Company, 330; Monroe Body
Company, 331 ; the Beaudett Body
Works, 3,?i-

Avery. Aaron B., 833.

Averv. Lillian (Drake). 72. 97, loi,
261, 266.

Avon Riflemen, 273.

Avon township — Mention. 33, 194, 195,
198. 199. 200. 206: James Graham,
original settler. 401 : the Hersey-Rus-
seli-Grahani combine. 402; memories
of the old Hersey mill, 403; mill
stones from boulders, 404; Stony
Creek village. 404: Rochester platted
(1826), 405: pioneers outside of_ Ro-
chester. 406; first corporation officers,
406; Rochester industries, 408; the
Western Knitting Mills, 408; cream-
ery and flouring mill. 409; the schools,
409; Rochester Ihiion school, 409;
water works and fire protection, 411;

XV

XVI

INDEX

electric liglit and power, 412; Ro-
chester newspapers, 412; churches.
412; Rochester societies, 414; biolog-
ical farm. Farkdale, 416; Ferry seed
farm, 417. *

Avon township hall (view,), 402.

Axford, -Morgan, 419.

Axford, Sanniel, 418, 419.

Axford. William M., 420.

Babcock. Floyd B., 746.

Babcock, Henry S., iej4, 218.

Bachelder, Frank S., 256.

Backer. Peter E., 582.

Backus, Standish, 328.

Bacon, Levi, Jr., 312, 315.

Bagg, M. La Mont, 120, 245, 295, 312.

Bagley, Ainasa, 117, 118, 121, 122, 162,
291,' 295. 3(>2, 374.

Bagley, (Bloonifield Center). 374.

Bagley school. 338.

Bagnell, Gilbert. 453.

Bailey. Roy E., 884.

Baker, Calvin, 484.

Baker, Charles, 766.

Baker, Francis, 212.

Baker, George J., .247.

Baker. Norman L., 257.

Baker. Wilson W., 631.

Bald mountain, 9, 443.

Baldwin, Augustus C, 102, 123, 133, :6i,
180, 181. 221, 312.

Baldwin, Benedict. 30.

Baldwin, Edwin. 372.

Baldwin. (Mrs.) Edwin, 268.

Baldwin. Ezra, 2^,.

Baldwin. J.. 2i-

Baldwin. Martha, 259, 269, 270, 592.

Baldwin. Nathaniel, 33, 74, 96.

Baldwin, Sherman. 429.

Baldwin school, 38.

Ball, Hiram. 465.

Ball, Horatio, 40.

Bancker. James, 96.

Bank of Auburn, 243.

Bank of Oakland, 243.

Bank of Pontiac, 242.

Banks and Banking — Oakland county's
first bank. 242; the "wild-cat" banks,
243; one "safety fund" bank, 243; na-
tional banks in the county, 243 ; the
state banks, 244 : Pontiac Savings
Bank. 245 ; the Oakland County Sav-
ings Bank, 245 ; the American Sav-
ings Bank. 24s ; First Commercial
Bank of Pontiac, 245; First State
Savings Bank. Birniinghain, 246;
Farmington Exchange Bank, 246;
Rochester Savings Bank, 246; Holly
Savings Bank. 246: Farmer's State
Bank of Oxford. 247: Royal Oak Sav-
ings Bank. 246: the Orion State Bank,
247 ; State Savings Bank of South
Lyon, 248.

Bar of Oakland county — Daniel LeRoy,
126; William F. Mosley. 127; Thomas
J. Drake, 127; Origen D. Richardson,

128; Gideon O. Whittemore, 128;
Robert P. Eldredge, 128; Seth A. L.
Warner. 129; William Draper, 129;
Randolph Manning, 129; Charles
Draper, 130; Rufus Hosmer, 130;
George W. Wisner, 131 ; Alfred H.
Hanscom, 131 ; Governor Moses Wis-
ner, 132; Hon. Augustus Carpenter
Baldwin. 133; John S. Goodrich, 137;
Levi B. Taft. 137; Hester L. Stevens,
138; Michael E. Crofoot, 138; Henry
M. Look. 138; -Mark S. Brewer, 139;
Thomas L. Patterson. 140; Joseph Ed-
ward Sawyer, 142 ; George W. Smith.
145; Robert J. Lounsbury, 145; Aaron
Perry, 148; Daniel L. Davis, 150;
Kleber P. Rockwell, 151; Arthur R.
Tripp. 152; Elmer R. Webster, 152;
John H. Patterson, 153; James H.
Lynch, 154; Andrew L. Moore, 155;
Peter B. Bromley, 156; F. L. Covert,

157-
Barber, 1 heron W., 292.
Barkham (S. W.) & Son, 409.
Barkworth, Thomas E., 204.
Barnes. Clayton C, 740.
Barnes, Hiram, 444.
Barnes, Samuel, 415.
I^arnet, F'rank, 348.
Barrett, F. J., S98.
Barrett, Edith L., 270, 599.
Barntt, Hiram, 218.
Bartles. Herman, 432.
Bartlett, Orson, 321.
Barus. Henry, 284.
Barwise. Isaac, 599.
Bateman, James W., 124.
Bauer, M. A., 369.
Baum, John, 432, 433.
Beach, Elisha, 237.
Beach, Lewis C, 790.
Beach. S. E., 245, 273, 295, 328, 3ZZ-
Beaman. Samuel, 362.
Beardslee, Aaron, 468.
Beardslee, E. C, 212.
Beardslee, Geor.ge E., 125.
Beardslee. Henry C, 614.
Beardslee. John W., 466. 467.
Beardslee. Townsend, 467.
Beardslee, T. C, 274.
Beardsley. Clark. loi.
Beaudelt Body Works, 331.
Beaudett. Oliver J., 331.
Bcckwith. Mabel T., 506.
Becbe. Hosea D., 821.
Beech. Michael, 33.
Beeckman. (Mrs.) ^Lirt. 109.
Belding. Friend. 211, 212.
Beldin.g. Ransom R., 173.
Helford. Henry, 392.
Belford. Hugh. 392.
Bel ford, Joseph. 392.
Hell. Tliomas A.. 571.
Bellairc. Alexander R., 577.
Bclmore beach (Lake Whittlesey), 16.
Bench of Oakland county — County

courts and judges, 117; probate courts

INDEX

and judges, Ii8; circuit courts and
judges, 120; prosecuting attorneys,
123; tlie court of chancery, 123; cir-
cuit court commissioners, 124.

Bench and bar (reminiscences), 158-187.

Benjamin, Colonel E., 830.

Benjamin, John, 439, 830.

Benjamin, Terrel. 194,

Bennie, J. W., 258.

Benson, (Mrs.) Catherine, 102.

Benson, John H., 102.

Bent, Samuel, 352, 354.

Benton, John, 216.

B. P. O. E. Lodge No. 10. Pontiac,
370.

Berry, Bertha, 264.

Bettcs, Ambro, 412.

Betzing, Peter, 3&8.

Big Beaver, 488.

Bigler, Jacob, 440.

Bigler, Philip. 440. >

Bingham, Charles A., .soi.

Bingham, George, S19.

Biological Farm, Parkdale. 416.

Bird, Eli. 247.

Bird, J. T., 257.

Birge. Henry. 324.

Birmingham — Mention, 200, 202; first
settlement on site of, 373; village plats,
374; (see also Bloomfield township,
.38i-.-;87, and Piety Hill).

Birmingham Baptist church, 385.

Birmingham Lodge No. 44, A. F. &
A. M.. 386.

Birmingham M. E. church, .385.

Birmingham Presbyterian church, 385.

Birmin.gham societies, .386.

Birmingham LInited Preisbyterian
church, 489.

Birney, Daniel, 413.

Bishop, Hooper, 90.

Bishop. Julian, 474.

Bissell, Edward J.. 124.

Black, John C. 258,

Black Hawk war. 48.

Blackwood. Joseph, 4.=;i.

Blair, Maurice R.. 4.'?8, 814.

Blair, Nellie, 438, 815.

Blakcslee, Elmer E,. 125, 140.

Blanchard, Charles E.. 34Q.

Blanchard. John, 03.

Blodgctt. Herbert S., 548.

Bloomfield township — Mention, .36. 38.
190, 19S, 199, 200, 206; physical fea-
tures, 3/1 ; a good many dead Indians,
372 : first land entry, 372 ; formative
township period. 372 ; three compet-
ing taverns. ^7;ii; mills and stores out-
side of Birmingham, ;^7.'i, ; Bloomfield
Center. 374; Birmingham village
plats. 374; old times at Piety Hill,
375; village of Birmingham, ,381; re-
incorporated, 381; public works, .383;
soldiers' monument. .^84; Birmingham
churches, 375 ; secret and fraternal
societies, 386.

Board of county commissioners, 193.

Board of supervisors, 193.

Bodine, John, 383.

Bogie, George, 569.

Bond, Fred M., 125.

Book, James B., 330.

Bostwick, Lafayette, 6,50.

Boughner, Charles B., 668.

Boughton, Lyman, 194, 462.

Bowman, Joseph R., 124, 295.

Boyle, Dennis, 597.

Brace, Chauncey, 528.

Brace. Harry R., 433

Bradford, Andrew, 212.

Bradlev, F., 212,

Bradley. Morton L., 715.

Braid, Edward. 512.

Brakeman. Isaiah. 341.

Brandon township — Mention, 36, 194,
195, 198, 199. 200, 207; its pioneer
settlers, 463 ; villa.ge of Oakwood,
464; township organization, 464; vil-
lage of Ortonville, 464.

Brannack, A. L., 256.

Brew-er. John J., 246.

Brewer, Louise P., 261, 543.

Brewer, Mark S., 124, 139, 541.

Brewster. William A., 212, 312.

Brey, Helen, 269.

Bridges, 293.

Bristol, William A., 820.

Brodhead, Thornton F., 273, 282.

Bromlev, Peter B., 125, 140, 156, 304,
310, 641. ^ ^

Bromley, (Mrs.) Peter B., 261.

Brondige, George F., 687.

Brondige. John E., 140.

Brondidge. John F., 309.

Bronson, Daniel, 33, 117, 1 18, 162.

Bronson, Henry O., 272, 429.

Brooks, Eugene, 244.

Brooks, Joseph, 818.

Broughton, Herbert J., 612.

Brown, Arza, 343.

Brown, Avery, 419.

Brown, Benjamin, 483.

Brown, George A., 315.

Brown, Hugh, 337.

Brown, John B., 5.38.

Brown, Alills S., 788.

Brown, Vincent, 444, 74.^-

Brown, Willard M.. 687.

Brown, William, .•^86.

Bruder, Charles, 636.

Buchanan, Alexander, ,322.

Buchanan, James G., 315.

Buck. F. P.. 337-

Buckhorn, (Rose), 477-

Buckland. Don Carlos, 315.

Buckland. (Mrs.) D. C„ 265.

Buckland Memorial Chapel (view), 314.

Bucklev, Jennie, 680.

Buckley, Pierre, 679.

Buhaczkowski, Witold, 481.

Bulson. Benjamin. 94.

Burbank, William, 33. 40S. 409-

Burgess. Joseph, 433-

Burns, Edward, 626.

xvin

INDEX

Burr, C. B., .^17.
BiuT. C. U., .>55.
Burl, J.uucs K., 747.
Buj.(,-li. -Marsden C., 510.
Butler, Ariluu- M., 855.
Butler, Samuel A., 256.
Button, Francis M., 584.
Button. John II., 212, 460.
Butts, Phili]) E., 415.
Buzzard, Jacob, 558.

Cadlf. Richard F.. 356, 357.

Cady, Elias, 87.

Calkins, Klcazur E.. 440, 451.

Calkins, S., 413.

Callow, James E., 845.

Campbell, A. C, 432.

Campbell. Albert \\'.. b20.

Campbell. J. F., 892.

Camijbell, J. L., 257.

Campbell, J. W., 8gi.

Campl)ell. John L., 617.

Campbell, Josephine. 387.

Canandaigua City (Orion 1. ^43.

Cannon, John, 425.

Canton Pontiac No. 3, L O. O. I'"., .36S.

Carpenter, Ezra, 324.

Carpenter. Ira. 247.

Carpenter. William A.. 665.

Carpenter (Samuel) farm. 449.

Carr, Caleb, 89.

Carr, W. H., 257.

Carroll, Frank II., 245. 312, 356, 367,

370.
Carter. Byron J.. 330.
Carter. Henry, 630.
Cartercar Company, 330.
Carver, Jerome E., 786.
Cass, Lewis, 215, 235, 428.
Cass lake. 2. 3.
Cassels, Robert, 838.
Castell, D. G.. 256, 3ro.
Caswell, George W.. 140.
Castle, Lemuel, ^i, 193.
Central M. E. church, Pontiac, ,^45.
Central school, Pontiac, "^^8.
Challis. John. 5S7;
Chamberlain. .Addison. 461, 462.
Chamberlain. John, 252.
Chamberlain. Olmslcad. 251. 292, 315.

320.
Chamberlain. Joshua. 80, 96.
Chamberlin, L. E., 734.
Champion Manufacturing Company, 330.
Chapel, Calvin, 273, 415.
Chapel. Charles W,. 462.
Chapman, C. S., 244, 408.
Chapman, E. A., 2^7.
Chapman, Harvey S., 245, 256, 312.
Chapman, (.Mrs.) H. .S.. 263, 264.
Cha])man. Joseph I'.. 256, 257.
Chapman. William C, 246, 409.
Charter, Elmer O., 530.
Chase. Ikda. 449.
Chase, David. 218.
Chase, Jonathan. 218.
Chase. Joseph. 43T.

Chase, J. 1!., 3,54.

Chase's Corners. 431, 434.

Chattuck, (Mrs.) Maud, 261, 268.

Cheal. William, 873.

Chipman, Cyrus A., .33, 252.

Chipman, Henry, 122, 159.

Chipman, H. L., 284.

Chippewas, 24.

Christian, E. A., 256, 317.

Christian, (Mrs.) E. A., 261, 263, 264.

Christian church (see Church of Christ).

Chid)b. I.. I)., 5()f).

Church, Judah, 35, 362. 440. 443.

Church. R. C, 334.

Churchill, William, 275.

Church of Christ, O.xford, 422.

Circuit court commissioners, 124.

(Circuit courts, 112, 113, 114, 120.

Circuit judges, 112, 114, 122.

Citizens' Saving P.aid< of Holly, 246.

Civil aff.-iirs of the county — I-"irst official
act. 189; county seat fixed. 190; orig-
inal two townships, 190; present
boundaries established. 190; (Oakland
county under the territory. 191 ; ter-
ritorial legislative council, igi ; leg-
islation affecting township and county,
192; township government established,
192; first supervisors' meeting. 193;
county commissioners and sujicrvis-
ors, 193; some early assessments, 193;
circle of townships completed, 195;
roster of county officials, 195: assess-
ments and taxes, 198; population for
ninety years, 200; incorporated muni-
cipalities. 202; the county courthouses,
202; lueseut courthouse, 209; the Oak-
land Countv Home, 210.

Civil war (see War of the Rebellion).

Clack, Jonathan J., 752.

ClarenceviUe, 460.

Clark, .Aggie. 451.

Clark. Elijah B.. 36, 440.

Clark. Kremiali. 84, 96, 123. 194, 468,

471-
C lark. Lawrence C. 672.
Clark. Marv J. W., 97.
Clark, Ogden, 119, 191.
Clark. Rollin W.. VO.
Clark. Wilson W.. 468.
Clarkslon. 467. 468.
Clarkston mills, 324.
Clarkston roller mills, 468.
Clarkston village. 201, 202.
Clawson, 489.
Clavberg. G. M.. ^^7.
Cleary. (Mrs.-) Sybil B.. 204.
Clements. Samuel. ,345.
("lemons, lohn. 423.
Clifford. William A.. 278.
Climate, it.

Clinton C.'ui.il Bank, 243.
("linton river, 2. 467. 478, 484.
Clinton river improvement, 216, 236.
Clinton River Xavigation Company, 6,

2t6, 236.
Clintonv'ille. 486.

INDEX

Cloonan. S. J.. 323.

Close. Solomon, 184. 326.

Clough, A. B., 475.

Clyde. 473.

Clyde M. E. church, 475.

Coatcs, Joseph, 218.
, Cobb, James W., 593.

Cobb, Thomas H., 246.

Colby, Eastman, 34.

Cole, Henry S.. 129.

Cole, Phillip M.. 6^5.

Cole, W. L., 257.

Coleman, Harry, 313, 644.

Coleman, Ann L., 261, 263, 264, 646.

Coleman, James, 30.

Coleman, J. Dowd, 312.

Coleman, Spencer, 117.

Coleman, Zena. 413-

Collier, Theodore A., 868.

Collins, George C, 522.

Collins, George \\ '., 4.«3-

Colvin, Homer IT, 140, 309. 312.

Colvin, N, B., 257.

Commerce township — Mention, 195, 198,
199, 201, 207; lakes and streams, 469;
first settlers at Conmierce and Walled
Lake, 469; Commerce and Walled
Lake of today, 470; township organ-
ization and first postofiices, 470;
Wixom. 470.

Commerce village, 470.

Connnission government, 309.

Common council, 293.

Companv E. Third Michigan lufantrv,
2S5.

Companv A, Fifteenth Regiment, U. S.

I-, 273-
Comstock, E.. 352.
Comstock. E. B., 295.
Comstock, Solon B., 184.
Conant, Shubael. 44.
Cone, William. 212.
Congdon. E. H., 425.
Connor, Henry, 461.
Converse, F. E.. 337-
Cook, Egbert W., i79-
Cook, Elijah F., 216, 218.
Cook, Fred L.. 549.
Cook. John D.. ,W2.
Copeland, John T., 282.
Copeland, Joseph T., 123.
Copeman. Charles W., .'563.
Corbin, Johnson A., 229, 337.
Coroners, 197.
Corporations, 217.
Corvvin, George B., 87=1.
Council No. 600, Pontiac K. C, .369.
County clerks. 195.
Countv courts. 11 r. 117.
County jail (view), 20S.
County officials, 19,=;.
County Pioneer Society (sec Oakland

County Pioneer Society).
County seat, 190. 289.
Countv .school commissioner, 229.
Countv school system — Basis of public

school system, 227; Central University

and branches, 228; first academics in
Oakland county, 228; heads of the
county system, 22S; remains a "per-
petual fund," 229; duties of the
teachers of today, 229 ; standings re-
quired, 230; district libraries, 230;
high school scholars, 231 ; district
schools of the county, 231 ; present
status of schools, 2^2.

County superintendents of schools, 228.

County surveyors, 197.

County treasurers, ig6.

Court of Chancery, 123.

Court house of 1857-8 (view), 205.

Court houses, 183, 202.

Court Pride of the Oak No. 24. F. of
A., 4.38.

Covert, brank L.. 123, 125, 140, 157.

Cowdin. George D., 532.

Cowdin, Roy B., 575.

Cowles. Sylvester D., 278, 279.

Cox, Byron L., 637.

Craft, A. L., 415.

Craft, (Mrs.) A. L., 261.

Craft, Abraham L., 229, 621.

Crawford, Alfred, 120.

Crawford, John E., 886.

Crawford, Julia, 448.

Crofoot, Michael C, 181.

Crofoot. Michael E., 120, 123, 138, 158,
176, 181, 274.

Crofoot school, 33S.

Crooks, J. C. K., 381.

Crooks, William, 273.

Crooks, William K., 218.

Crosby, Arza C, 471.

Cross, Aaron H., 67S.

Cudworth, A. B., 181, 312.

Cudwortb, Agnes, 266.

Cudworth, Apollos, 483.

Cummings, C. J., 246.

Cummings, George, 872.

Cunnien, Patrick. 393.

Currey, Daniel R.. 140.

Currin, John, Jr., 827.

Curtis, F., 254.

Curtis, Jeremiah, 473.

Curtis, Naham, 473.

Curtis, Thomas, 124, 218.

Cuthbert, James, 504.

Cutting, Frank D., 769.

Dahlmann, I'^rank, 878.
Dahlmanu, Theodore, 756.
Daines, George E., 383, 594.
Dandison, Frederick, 84!.
Danes, (Mrs.) John, 393.
Daniels, Francis, 27S.
Daniels. John. 491.
Danielson, Daniel. 47(1.
Darraugh, Archibald, 190.
Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion. 95, 97.
Darrow, Francis, 212, 292.
Davidson, J. F., 423.
Davis & Company, 416.
Davis, (Mrs.) Arthin-, 261, 264.

INDEX

Davis. Cornelius, 472.

Davis, Daniel L., 140, 150, 202.

Davis, George, 447.

Davis, James H., 472.
, Davis, James S., 659.

Davis, John C, 472.

Davis, John H., 362.

Davis, Joji-ph P.. 691.

Davis, Joshua, Jr., 362.

Davis, Martin, 364.

Davis, Phineas, 473.

Davis, R, W„ 295.

Davis, Richard P'., 842.

Davis, Rohert M., 212.

Davis, Robert \V.. 312.

Davis, Sarah G., 97.

Davis. William O., 557.

Davison. Norman, 218.

Dawson. Charles. 312, 322.

Dawson's mills. 322.

Day, John C. 244.

Dean, Adam. 451.

Dean. Julius. 294, 295.

Dean, Ralph B., 337.

Dean & Hovey, 327.

Decker, Alanson, 419.

Decker. Jesse. 36. 44. 415, 440.

Decker's settlement. 440.

De Cou. C. A.. 257.

DeCue. Jolm, 393.

DeCuc. Samuel, 393.

Deer lake. 5.

DeLano, Edwin E., 555.

Deming, Elbridge G., 35, 419.

Deming, H. S.. 258.

"Democratic Balance." 312.

Dennison. .A-very, 435.

Denton. Solomon \V.. 315.

Derrayon, Eugene. 609.

Detroit & Bay City Railroad, 4, 238,

408. 420, 490.
Detroit & Milwaukee Railway Com-
pany. 238. 447, 472.
Detroit & Pacific Railroad, 431.
Detroit & Pontiac electric road, 6.
Detroit & Pontiac Railroad, 6, 60. 216,

2.S7-

Detroit & Pontiac turnpike, 235.

Detroit & Northwestern Railway Com-
pany, 2,39.

Detroit & Saginaw turnpike, .390.

Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee
Railway, 239.

Detroit United Railway, 239.

Detroit United Railway car barns, 457.

Detroit Creamery Company, 452.

Dewey, A. L., 263.

Dewey, (Mrs.) A. J., 109.

Dewey, Auburn W., ';6i.

Dewey, Dick, 310. 661.

Dewc)', J., ,30.

Dewey, James S., 180.

Dewcv, Joseph S., 123.

Dewill. A. D.. 422.

Dick Richardson Post. G. A. R., 369.

Dickinson. Geo. W.. 221. 367.

Dingman, Harry IT.. 877.

District courts, lii.

District libraries, 230.

District schools, 231.

Dobat, August F., 867.

Dobat, Daniel, 866.

Dodge, Harvey, 194.

Dole. .Sidney, 162, 191, 221.

IJonation Chapel (Amy), 340.

Doiulcro, (ienrgc A., 140, 433, 701.

Donaldson, .Mtramont, 93.

Donaldson, .Arza B., 102, 343.

Donaldson, Joseph M., 649.

Donaldson, J. N., 254.

Donclson, Ira, 212, 341, 343, 344, 398.

Donovan, John, 472.

Dort, David, 405.

Dot}-, Frank L., 140.

Doty, Harry L., 515.

Dow. Geo., 212.

Dow, James, 479.

Drahner. William. 507.

Drake, Elijah. 80, 96.

Drake. George H.. 255, 256, 257.

Drake, Morgan L., 124, 167, 181.

Drake. Thomas J.. 29, 82, loi, 123, 127,

164, 181, 188, 216, 221, 272.
Draper. .-Mbert. 321.
Draper. Charles. 123, 170. 181.
Draper. William. 129, 167, 181, 237,

243.
Drayton Plains. 4S6.
Dravton Plains tish hatchery, 484.
Drift, II.

Dunlap, Lew-is L., 486.
Dunlap. L. R.. 328.
Dunlap,, Monroe G., 554.
Dunlap, Robert. 451. 452.
Dunlap Vehicle Companv, 328.
Durant, W. C, 328.
Durfee. Austin. 486.
Durfee, Harvey. 486.
Durkee. Lillian D., 395.
Durr. George E., 444.
Dutcher, William. 194.
Dwight. .\lfred A.. 450.

Earle. Ch;iuncey, 254.

Earle. Lee. 247.

Early industries. 324. 373. 374. 403, 408,

425, 445. 452, 453.
Earlv taverns, 373.
Eaton, W. iNL, 315.
Ecclcston, J. B., 328.
Eddy, Joseph, 483.
Educational fund, 217, 229.
Educational history — Early

Pontiac schools, ,333 ;

schools, 409; Royal Oak

Oxford schools, 423;

schools, 458 ; Early

township schools, 468.
Edwards, .Xbraham, 190.
Eighth Michigan Cavalry,
Kighth Michigan Infantrv,
Eilett, Tacob, 4S4.
Eldrcdge. Charles M., 118, 365.
Eldredge, Robert P., 128, 165.

schools, 67;

; Rochester

schools, 4.34 ;

Farmington

Independence

282.
278.

INDEX

Elevations, i8.
Elizabeth lake. 2, 484.
Ellenvvood, John, 21S, 479, 767.
Ellerly, Edward, 479.
Elliott, Harry S., 229.
Elliott, Henry J., 322.
Elliott, Marcus D., 284.
Elliott. N. K., 465.
Elliott, W. G., 254.
Ellis, Charles D., 399.
Elmore, John, 4S3.
Elwell, Peleg. 415.
Elwood. B. F., 245.
Ely, Charles H., 807.
Emery, John C, 253. 482.
Emery, Josiah. 680.
Emmendorfcr. F. A.. 328.
Emmendorfer. J. William, 872.
Emmons. E. R., 4.
Eureka mills, 408.
Eveland. (^Nlrs.) Ida. 367.
Everett, Orion H., 822.
Everts. Caleb, 777.
Everts, William T.. 778.

Fagan, Edwin. 393.

Pagan, John, 393.

Fagan, (Mrs.) John, 392.

Fagan, Peter, 293-

Fagan, Terrence. 389. 392.

Fagan, Thomas H., 393, 775.

Fagan, William, 392, 393.

Fairbank's Corners, 273-

Fairbanks. Joseph. 31.

Farmer. Edward R.. 591.

Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank, 243.

Farmers' Bank of Oakland, 243.

Farmers' State Bank of O.xford, 247.

Farmington, ,540,

Farmington Baptist church, 459.

"Farmington Enterprise," 457.

Farmington Exchange Bank, 246.

Farmington Lodge No. 15, A. F. & A.
M.. 460.

Farmington ]\Iethodist church, 459.

Farmington township — Mention, 34, 198,
199, 201, 207; the Power colony founds
- Quakertown (Farmington), 452 ; other
pioneers of the township, 453 ; Dr.
Webb adds distinction, 4^3; first mills,
453 ; recollections of P. Dean War-
ner, 454; village of Farmington, 457;
Farmington schools, 45S ; the churches,
459; the Masonic lodge, 460; Clar-
enceville and North Farmington, 460.

Farmington village 201, 202, 457-460
(see Farinington township).

Farnham, L. A.. 257.

Farnsworth. Elon. 124.

Fawcett. George, 449.

Fay, Ernest H., 309.

Feir. John M., 125.

Felshaw, C. P., 257.

Ferguson, Erastus. 429.

Ferguson, Robert Y., 233-

Ferguson. R. Y.. 257.

Ferndale, 439.

P'erry seed farm, 417.

Fifteenth Michigan Infantry, 280.

Fifth ^Iichigan Infantry ("F'ighting
i'lfth";, 277

Finn, Silas, 436.

Fire of 1840, 293.

Fire department, 294.

First Baptist church, Pontiac. 347.

First car into Rochester (view), 241.

First Commercial Bank of Pontiac, 245.

First Congregational church, Pontiac,
.352, 353-

First court in Oakland county, 118.

First court houses, 289.

First land entries, 31.

First legal case recorded, 118.

First ^I. E. church, Pontiac, 341.

First Michigan Infantry, 275.

First ^lichigan railway chartered, 237.

First National Bank of Birmingham,
244.

I'irst National Bank of Holly, 244.

First National Bank of Pontiac, 243.

First National Bank of Rochester, 244.

First Oakland county highway, 234.

First official act, 189.

First Presbyterian church. Pontiac, 349.

First settlers and land owners — Great
set-back to settlement, 27 ; Oakland
county's first settlers, 29; the Mack
colony of Pontiac, 29 ; "Uncle Ben"
Woodworth. 30; first surveys, 30; lo-
cations under the "two dollar" act, 31 ;
the "ten shilling" act. 32; great event
for the pioneer land owner, 32 ; town
of Pontiac settled, S-'t Avon and
White lake, 33 ; Springfield and
Groveland, 34: Farmington and West
Bloomfield, 34; Waterford and Inde-
pendence, 35 ; Orion and Oxford, 35 ;
Royal Oak and Troy, 35; Brandon,
Southfield and Blooiufield, 36.

First State Savings Bank of Birming-
ham, 246.

First State Savings Bank of Holly,
244, 246.

First supervisors' meeting, 193.

First surveys, 30.

First things and events, 389.

Fish. Elijah S.. 375. 37(>. 377. 385.

Fish. Fannie E., 37^.

Fisher. Arthur W., 847.

Fisher, Charles A., 284.

Fisher. Matilda, 416.

Fisher, W. J., 310.

Fitch, Ferris S., 315. 337.

Fitzgerald. Josiah. 451.

Flanders ^Manufacturing Company, 329.

Flanders. Walter E.. 329. 330.

Fletcher. William A.. 112, 121, 122, 159.

Flinn. Thomas, 429.

Flint & Pere Marquette Railway, 238,

447-
Flint River Baptist .Association, 424.
Florence Avenue school. 338.
Flower. Andrew. ,366.

XXIV

INDEX

of Holly village. 393; village schools,
394; new Union school, 394; town-
ship and village lihraries, 39s; the
waterworks, 395; Holly newspapers,
397; industries, 397; the churches,
398; societies, 399.

Holly village, 201, 202, 393-400 (see
Holly township).

Holly Wagon Company, 397.

Holmes, Alexander, 31.

Holmes, Charles E., 732.

Holt, J. M., 475- . .

Homeopathic physicians, 255.

Hoodlcss. Charles. 438.

Hooker. William W., 757.

Hopkins. Krastus, 494.

Hopkins. Frederick. 494.

Hopkins, Sherman. 461.

Horner. George A.. 346.

Horticulture. 7.

Horton. Christian Z., 24, 403.

Horton, George, 74, 96.

Ilosmer, Rufus. 130, 168, 295.

Hotchkiss, Calvin, 272, 273, 287.

llotchkiss, Enoch. 80, ,361.

Hotchkiss. H.. 416.

Hough. Benjamin. 30.

Hough, H. H., 435-

Hovey, Augustus W., 221.

Hovey, H. W., 212.

Howard. Betsey. 421.

Howard. David S., 312.

Howard. H. A., 324.

Howard. H. N.. 320, 321, 352.

Howarth. E. B.. Jr., 125, 140.

Howlett. Edward V.. 256, 257.

Hul)h;ird. Diodate, 429.

Hu!)l)ard. Frank W., 426.

Huhhle. W. H.. 280.

lluhlile. William H., 562.

HufY. Alexander G., 464.

Huff. John. 478.

Hulick. Derrick, 91.

Hull. WilHam. 214.

Humphreys. F. W.. 315.

Hungerford. Samuel, 194.

Hunt, Henry I., 190.

Hunt, James B., 123, 172, 218.

Hunt, James W„ 386.

Hunt, John, 120, 122, 174.

Hunter. Daniel, ^^73, 431.

Hunter, Elisha. 43. 373.

Hunter. John W.. 31. 43, 372. 373.

Hunter. I.edru R.. 58S.

Hurlhurt. Cass, .300.

Hurd. Charles. 228, 335, 337.

Huron river, 445. 478, 469, 493.

Hymers, Elmer E., 140, 309, 472.

Idle. 1). D., 346.

Incorporated villages, 202.

Independence Camp No. 3127, Royal
Neighhors of .-Xmerica, .369.

Independence township — Mention, 35,
195, 198, 199, 200, 201. 207: Sasha-
baw plains, 466; water courses, 467;

settlers at Clarkston and on the
plains. 467; the primitive schoolhouscs,
4O8; Clarkston up to date, 468.

Indian and primitive record — Orchard
lake and the great chief, Pontiac, 19;
the legend of Me-nah-sa-gor-ning, 21 ;
|)rimitivt' tillage and industries, 22;
contact with known tribes, 23 ; scars
of battle. 24; C. Z. Horton's con-
tributions. 24; Indian camping ground
and cemetery, 24 ; queer customs, 25 ;
the passing of We-se-gah, 25.

Indian reservations, 479.

Indians, 25, 372.

Industrial and business Pontiac — Direct
successor of 1820 mill, 320; the
Howard interests, 321 ; the old Pad-
dack mill, 322 ; Charles Dawson and
his work. 322; Pontiac City Mills,
322; pioneer machine shops and fur-
niture factories, 322 ; early breweries,
323 ; fathers of the "auto" industry,
323; Pontiac and other mills of 1852,
323 ; Pontiac's early business men,
325: automobile industry of Pontiac,
327; Oakland Motor Car Company,
328: General Motors Truck Company,
329; the Flanders plants, 329; the
Cartercar Coinpany, 330; Monroe
Body Company. 331 ; the Beaudett
Body Works, 331 ; Slater Construc-
tion Company, .331 ; Pontiac Brewery,
331; Pontiac Commercial Associa-
tion, 332.

Industries (see early industries).

Ingals. Daniel F., 423. 425.

Ingersoll. E. S., 483.

Ingersoll. Erastus. 481. 483.

Ingersoll. George P., 712.

Ingraham. Roswell, 341.

Irish. Benjamin, 479.

Irish.Washington E., 876,

Irwin, Alexander J., 315.

Jackson. E. W., 315.
Jackson, Henry M., 677.
Jackson, Thomas J., 258.
Jackson. Washington, 447.
Jacokcs. D. C, 342, 344.
Jacokcs, James A., 120, 124, 245.
Jacokes, (Mrs.) J. A., 266.
Jacox, Linus, 467.
Jails. 183.

Jalowski, John, 849.
Tamieson, William. 385.
Jarrctt Brothers. 797.
Jarretl. Duke. 797.
Jarrett, James, 797.
Jarvis. Joseph W.. 359.
Jarvis. Minnie T.. 244.
Jarvis. Robert. 443.
Jenkins, h'rank E., 140.
Jenkins. John, 322.
Jenner, G. L., 333, 337.
Jennings. Perrv J., 656.
Jennings. Stephen, 460.

INDEX

Jessiip, Jesse, 451.

Jewell. Anne E., 99.

Jewell, Ezra W., 99, 100, 102, 109.

Jobes, Samuel, 399.

John P. Foster No. 2 fire engine, 298.

Johns, Horace, 451.

Johnson. A. J.. 309, 312.

Johnson, Fred L., 258, 900.

Johnson, John H., 550.

Johnson, Lyman, 474.

Johnson, Schuyler D., 464.

Johnson, W. J.. 414.

Johnston, Daniel M., 383.

Johnston. George C, 310, 546.

Jones, Albert D., 544.

Jones, George, 848.

Jones, J. C, 337.

Jones, Samuel, 435.

Jones, Solomon, 91.

Jones. Thomas. 449. j

Joslin. A. M.. 393.

Joslin. James. .393.

Joslin. John, 393.

Joslyn, George B., 423.

Jossman. Esidor, 862.

"Journal of the Oakland Medical So-

■ ciety," 256.

Judd, D. M., 212.

Judd, J. K., 310.

Judd, Samuel A., 277.

Judges (see bench).

Judiciary — Territorial supreme court,
no; old district court, in; county
courts, ni; change in supreme court,
n2; circuit courts and judges, 112;
the "one-horse" court. n2 ; under the
1850 constitution. 113; a summary,

"4-
Justices of the peace. n5.

Kearsley creek, 463.

Keeling, Rclph F.. 140.

Kedzie, Robert. 409.

Kedzie. W. Roscoe. 353.

Keller. Frank S., 780.

Keller, Otto, 437.

Kelley, Elbert J., 312.

Kelley, E. A., 369.

Kelsey, M. W., 43.

Kelsey, Sullivan R., 374.

Kemp, Henry, 867.

KeniD, Michael, 3?.

Kemp, William H.. 883.

Kenaga. Joseph. 528.

Kensar. John. 423.

Kensington. 450.

Kent. Franklin. 578.

Keokuk Canning Company. 452.

Kerr. Charles W., 882.

Kerr, William R.. 882.

Kidder. A. D.. 433.

Kimball. Charles F.. 31 v

Kimball. David L.. 284. 285. 360.

Kinnev. Robert C. 749.

Kinney. William A.. 899.

King. Charles. 38S.

King, George W., 904.

Kinsman. George O., 140.

Kline, T. C. V., 247.

Knight, .-Mvin M., 536.

Knight, Belle D., 537.

Knight, Benjamin, 425,

Knight, Henry C, 172.

Knight, Z. B., 120.

Knights of Columbus, Pontiac, 369.

Knowles, Frank L., 432, 433.

Kraft, F. F., 385.

Kyle, Henry G., 828.

Ladies' Library Association. Birming-
ham. 385.

Ladies' Library Association of Holly,
270.

Laing, .\.. 444.

Lake. E. H., 399.

Lake Maumee, 14, 15.

Lake Orion, 4, 443.

Lake Orion Assembly Resort, S-

Lake Orion Summer Homes Company,
5-

Lakeville, 461,

Lakeville lake, 5, 461.

Lakes, i, 2, 3, 8, 12, 14. 371. 3S8. 420,
441, 461, 467. 469, 473, 476, 478, 484.

Lake Warren, 17.

Lake Whittlesey, 14, 15, 16, 17.

Lakie, William D., 771.

Laml). Caleb. 253, 255.

Lamb, William H., 765.

Lambertson, J. V., 415.

Lamond, R. D., 253.

Lamoreaux. Fred A., 541.

Land entries, 31. V-. 388. 402. 429. 440,
489.

Land titles. 215.

Landon. Nathan. 94.

Earned. Charles. 405.

Larzelier, George. 462.

Lathrop. Horace, 30.

Laubley, Joseph. 272.

Laurent & Emmons, 323.

Lawson. Finley O.. 633.

Lawson. Jacob AL. 434, 815.

Lawyers (see bar).

Le. Baron, Alfred F., 787.

Le Baron, Robert, 254, 257.

Lederley, E. J.. 435.

Lee, George, 473.

Lee, Martin, 491.

Lee, William, 491.

LeFavour. Heber. 281.

Legal Tender mills, 322.

Leggett, M. A., 32;^.

Leggett, Percy S., 275.

Leggett, Samuel M., 21.

Lebring. Frederick. 393.

Lehring. Henry. 393.

Leonard. 5. 200. 202. 463.

Leonard. John W.. 212.

Leonard. Mason N.. .383.

LeRoy. Clare J., 140.

INDEX

LeRoy. Daniel. ,?.!, ,u. n^. 121, 122.
123, 126, 16.5, iijo. _'i6, 221, 237, 243,
286, 291. 362, 406, 471.

LcRoy. Edward H., 710.

LeRoy, John P.. 295.

LeRoy. .M.iria. 409.

Lcssiter. Floyd J., 567.

Lcssiter. Frank II., 741.

Lctclifield. H., 248.

Lester, William, 2g. 2S7.

Letts, Allx-rt E.. 632.

Levamseler, L. J., 433.

Lewis, George, 755.

Lewless, Alexander, 433.

Licenses, 299.

Lillis, Michael F., 125.

Linahury, Joseph, 324.

Linn. Charles M., 27S.

Little creek, 388.

"Little Dick." 5.

Livermore. John S.. 218.

Lockwood. D. M., 474.

Lockwood, Floyd \V., 258.

Lodge. Edward A., 257.

Look, Henry ^L, 12^. 138.

Look, (Mrs.) H. M., 109.

Loomis, Delos P.. 565.

Looniis, L. C, 283.

Loomis, Oscar D., 556.

Loop, Jacoh, 363. 364.

Losee, J. W., 257.

Loughman, F.dniund. 437.

Lounslniry, Robert J., 140, 145, 239, 262.
310, 312.

Lovejoy. Charles E., 595.

Lovejoy, Flarl A.. 14a.

Luce, George A. C.. I2r, 169.

Liidwig, William, 560.

Lull, .Alba A., 245, 301. 303, 321.

Lull. Augustus A., 518.

Lumby, L. R.. 257.

Luther, L., 35, 429.

Lynch, James H.. 125. 140. 154. 202.
3.13, 369.

Lyon, G. I^L, 472.

Lyon First Presbyterian church. 451.

Lyon township — Mention, 194. 195, 198,
199, 200. 201, 207; first settlers, 449;
New Hudson and Kensington, 430;
villa.ge of South Lyon, 450; schools
and churches, 451 ; South Lyon indus-
tries, 452.

Lyons, D. B.. 24S.

Lyons, W. W.. 247.

Mabley, Thomas, 312.
McAlvey, John, 440.
McArthur, .Abigail H., 93.
McBride, James, 377.
McCabe, James, 123.
McCarroll. Sarah, .^^3.
McCarroll, William, 255. 256, 257.
McCaulev, William, 564.
McClaren. (J. D.), Company. 4^2.
McConnell. B. B.. 255.
McConnell, Joseph, 275.

McConnell, Willard ^L, 212, 218, 274,

292, 325. 341, 342.
McConnell school, 338.
.\lcCook, R. W., 451.
.McCord. Don C, 330.
McCracken, S. B.. 61.
McCracken, William J., 808.
McDace. George, 356.
McDonald. T. E.. 257.
McDowell. Ebenezer, 436.
.McDowell. !•". H., 432.
Mace Dav lake, 5.
McGaflfey, Daniel A., 648.
McGee. Clinton, 140.
McGec. Thomas H., 543.
McKinney, -A.. D., 257.
McKinney, J. W., 247.
McKinnon, George VV.. 258.
.McKinstry, David C, 35, 190, 429.
McLaren, Charles M., 733.
McLaren. James W., 703.
McLaughlin brothers, 474.
McOmber. Philip. 493.
.■^IcWhorter, John J., 864.
.Mack. .Almon. 76. 77. 272. 288. 289, 405.
Mack. C. W., 257.
Mack. Connant & Sibley. 287.
Mack, John M.. 77, 406.
Mack, Lovina, 288.
Mack, Stephen, 29, 31, 33. 39, 75, 76, 96,

189, 192, 216, 272. 286. 287. 320.
Mack. S., 221, 320.
Mackinnon, G. W.. 247.
Macomb. Alex., igo.
Macomber. Phillip A., 168.
Maetrott. I-'red S., 518.
Main street, Hollv (view), 396.
.\lairs, William, 887.
Maitrott, Elmer E., 865.
Makelv, Peter, 423
Makely. Peter D., 418.
Malcolm, Frank J., 624.
Malcolm. Robert W.. 503.
Malov. Peter, 312.
Maltbv. Sara it.. 472.
.\Ianlv. Ora. 257.

Manning. Randolph, 129, 166. 181, 218
-Mansfield. Samuel. 453, 454.
M;u'ccro, J. L., 369.
.Marjison. William, 285.
Marlin, Ira. 212.
Marsh, Elisha, 393.
Marsh. Elmer, Wi-
Marshall. John 'l).. 334.
Martin. Joseph W., 3a8.
Martin. William W., 211.
Mary D. Hive No. 393, L. O. T. N. M..

386.
Mason. Stevens T., 441.
Masonic Temple Association, 367.
Mather. Asher F., 274.
.Mathews. E. R., 246.
Mathews, George B., 321.
Mathews, John B.. 140.
Mathews, Lucy J., 367.
.Mathews mill. 320.
Mathews. Solomon S., 315.

INDEX

Mathews, (Mrs.) S. S.. 267.

-Mathews. S. S., .3(19.

Matthews, A. B., 295, 321, 3^4. 367-

Matthews, Charles, 140.

Matthews. Charles S., 125.

Matthews, Edward. 374.

Matthews. S. S.. 245.

Matthews. Sahiion J.. 212,

Matthews. Sabnon S.. 870.

Maybee. John, 671.

Mead, Amos, 193, 445.

Mead, Henrv, 212.

Mead, John H., 879.

Mead, Polly A.. 458.,

"Mechanics and Engineers," 282.

Medical profession — Pioneer condilions,
249; primitive state and medical prac-
tice, 250: physicians of Oakland
county prior to' 1837, 251 ; Dr. Will-
iam Thompson, 251 : Dr. Ezra S.
Parke, 252 ; Dr. Cyrus Chipnian, 252 ;
Dr. Ebenezer Raynale, 252 ; Drs. Lamb,
Lamond and Alger. 253; Dr. John C.
Emery, 253 ; the old county medical
society, 253 ; the Northeast District
medical societies, 253 ; allopathic prac-
titioners from 1S37 to 1866, 254; three
earlv-time homeopaths, 255 ; present
County Medical Society, 255 ; Pontiac
Medical Society, 256; present prac-
titioners, 255.

Meigs, Margaret, 264.

Merrell, Caleb B., 86, 96.

Mellen-Wright Lumber Company. 434.

Merrell. John J., 471.

Me-nah-sa-gor-ning ( ;\pple island), 21.

Men's rest room, lOi.

Merrill. R. T.. 374.

Merrill. Roswell T., .381.

Merritt. John A., 433.

Merz, Julius, 315.

Mexican war. 273.

Michigan .Air Line, 239.

Michigan Bass Hatchery, 4S6.

Michigan Central Railroad, 240.

Michigan Light .\rtillery, 283.

Michigan Manufacturing & Lumber
Company. 397.

Michigan .Military .Academy, 338, 479.

Michigan Pressed Brick Company. 426.

Michigan State Medical Society, Branch
No. 5, 256.

Michigan State Telephone Company,
308.

Miles. Johnson. 237.

.Mil ford, 474.

.Milford sidling Conipan\. 447.

Milford Presbyterian church, 448.

Milford township — Mention, 195, 198,
199, 200, 201, 207: formed, 445; rea-
son for names, 445 : the Ruggle Broth-
ers, 445; pioneer mills, 445; societies,
448 ; the present village, 447 ; churches,

447-
Milford village. 201. 202. 44.1448 (see
.Mill'ord township).

Military matters — Oakland county sol-
diers of the War of 1812. 271 : Na-
poleonic soldiers, 272; early military
organizations, 272 ; the Mexican war,
273; the War of the Rebellion, 274;
the First Michigan Infantry, 275; the
Second Michigan Infantry, 275; the
Third Infantry. 277; the Fifth Infan-
try. 277; the Seventh Infantry, 278;
the Eighth and Ninth Infantry reg-
iments. 27S; the Tenth Infantry, 278;
the F'ourteenth Infantry, 279 ; the Fif-
teenth and the Sixteenth, 280; the
Twenty-second Infantry, 280 ; Moses
Wisner, 281 ; Twenty-ninth Infantry,
281 ; Thirtieth Infantry and "Mechan-
ics and Engineers," 282; Custer's
Michigan Cavalry Brigade, 282; the
Eighth Cavalry, 282; Ninth and Tenth
Cavalry regiments, 283; Michigan
Light Artillery, 283 : One Hundred
and Second U. S. Colored Troops,
284; military matters of late, 284.

Millard. Nathaniel, 119, 191.

Mill pond nuisance. 293.

.Miller. David. 674.

Miller. Darwin. 708.

.Miller, Edward J., 806.

Miller. Henrv, 409.

Miller, J. A.". 258.

.Miller, John, 33.

Miller, L. P., 465.

Millcrd. Nathaniel. 405.

Milligan. J. R. J., 351.

Millinian. George M., 258.

Mills, 403, 445. 453.

Mills, Ada P., 803.

Mills, (Mrs.) Fred M., 264.

Mills, Joseph E., 207, 263.

.Miner, Clement E., 140.

Minnock, Daniel, 393.

.Minnock, Michael, 393.

Mitchell, David, 392, 393, 774.

.Mitchell. George, 392.

-Mitchell, George H., 244.

Mitchell. Tames G.. 394.

-Mitchell. L. T., 413.

Mivels, George, 437.

Mock, F. £.,"475.'

Monroe. H. G., .300.

Monroe, Hector L., 309.

Monroe, R. F., 312.

Monroe Body Company, 331.

Montieth, John, 31.

.Montgomery, John, 5S1.

Moore, .Andrew L., 140, 155, 202, 218.
309.

Moore, (Mrs.) A. L.. 261, 267.

Moore, Joseph B., 12?, 178, 180, 202

Morrell, K. N., 425. "

Morell. George, 121, 123.

Morris. Benjamin B., 218.

-Morris. Benjamin. 326.

Morris, C. D., 257.

.Morris. William, 162, 362, 374.

Morrish, J. J., 451.

.Morrison. J. S,. 258.

XXVll

INDEX

Morrison, (Mrs.) L. L., 270.

Morrison, Thomas W., 535.

Mormons (1832), 67.

Morse, J., 255, 256.

Mosey, Emma, 472.

Mosher, Abraham, 730.

Mosher, C. W., 3()y.

iMoseley, William F., 119, 123, 127, 191,

216, 221.
Moss, R. H., 257.
Mother Hur Court, No. 17, 399-
Mothcrsill. (Mrs.) J. W., 392-
Mow, John C, 433.
Mount Judali, 443.
Mowry, Zebina M., 218.
Mover, Douglas B., 725.
Mullet,John, 197.
Munson. Samuel C, 320, 324, 351. 352,

440, 486.
Muiiger, Charles A., 791.
Murphy, Anne, 261, 263.
Murphy, I£dwin M., 263, 328, 706.
Murphy, James J., 257.
Murphy, Mary, 707.
Mutual Fire Prevention Bureau, 427.
Myers, J., 33-

Nail, James, 436.

Napoleonic soldiers, 272.

Narrin, William, 537.

Nash. William I., 563.

National banks, 243.

Neal, John A., 140.

Neal & Wieland. 443-

Needham, John F., 437.

Nelson, Albert A., 602.

Nelson. J. C, 745-

Nesbett, William P., 312.

Newberry, A. F., 246.

Newl)erry. (Mrs.) A. F.. 97. 265.

Newberry, James, 212.

Newberry, Seneca, 218, 219, 237, 405

New Canadiagua (Orion), 441.

New Hudson, 450.

Newell, E. M.. 247.

Newkirk, Chaunccy F., 125.

Newman. Ezra. 30.

Newton. F. 11.. ,?66.

Newton, (Gilbert M., 438.

Newton, Isaac, 5.S8.

Newton. J. G., 365.

Niles, Johnson, 488.

Niles, Joseph, Jr., 237.

Niles, Samuel, 88. 96.

Ninth Michigan Cavalry, 283.

Ninth Michiiran Infantry, 278.

Nixon, Volney, 244.

Noble. Donald F.. 140, 888.

Norris, Caroline, .394.

North Farmington, 460.

North, Oscar F., 120, .^326.

North. William ¥., 140. 275.

Northeast District Medical & Scientific

Association. 253.
Norton. Gad. M. 4a).
Norton. John D.. 245, .Soi. .103.
Norton. John M., .s8.

Norton, Lewis, 470.

Norton, Samuel H., 299, 312.

Norton sawmill, 408.

Xorvell. Freeman, 282.

Nott, Stephen, 840.

Novi, A. F., 258.

Novi Corners (Novi), 483.

Novi ( postofilicc), 483.

Novi township — Mention, 194, 195, 198,

199, 200, 201, 207; the name Novi, 482;
the colony of 1825-26, 482; Novi (Cor-
ners, or Novi, 483.

Nushaumer, George, 369.

"Oakl.-ind Advertiser," 397.

O.ikland Avenue M. E. church, Pontiac,

345-
O.ikland Chapter No. .s. K. A. M., ,366.
"O.ikl.'ind Chronicle," 312.
"Oakland Gazette," 312.
Oakland Lodge, No. 343, A. F. & A. ^L,

O.'ikland Motor Car Company, 328.

"Oakland Whig," 312.

Oakland county in state politics — Ques-
tion of land titles, 215; Governor Cass
brings stability, 215; champions of
public improvements, 216; the state
constitutions. 216; Oakland county's
part in constitution making. 218; Doc-
tor Raynale. delegate to 1835 conven-
tion, 219; Lysander Woodward, dele-
gate to 1873 convention. 220; state of-
ficials, elected and appointed. 221 ; ter-
ritorial council representatives, 221 ;
speakers and clerk of the house. 221 :
Michigan legislators from Oakland
countv. 222: state representatives,
222: disturbances of war issues. 225.

Oakland county court house (view),

20V

Oakland county's first legal writ (fac-
simile). 116.

Oakland Countv Home. 210.

O.ikl.ind Countv Medical Society. 250,
■i:-).^- 2-,$.

Oakland County Pioneer Society —
l'"ounded. 99; the supervisors' "pic-
nics." 100; better preservation of rec-
ords, 100; society incorporated, lOl ;
pioneer women, loi ; officers of the so-
ciety, loi: pioneer relics in the col-
lection of the society, 102.

Oakland County Savings Bank, 245.

O.ikland County Telephone Company,
308.

Oakland township. 190, 195. 198. 199,

200. 201. 207. 313. 489.
"Oakvicw." 417.
Oakwood. 464.
O'Connor. T. J.. 369.
Odell. Bert A.. 689.
Oyden. Mary. 472.

Old Hodges house (view), 326.

OKI I'nion school. ,335.

Old .M;ithews mill. 320.
Olds. Ira M.. 451.

INDEX

Oliver. Dvvisht I.. 667.

Oliver, John, 2~i.

Olmstead. Harley, 2,^.

"One-horse" court, 112.

One Hundred and Second U. S. Col-
ored troops, 284.

On the Shiawassee river (view), 477.

On the shores of Pine lake (view), 478.

On the shores of Stony lake (view),
421.

Orchard lake, 2. 19, 21.

Orchard Lake (postoffice), 479.

Orchard Lake Military Academy, 2.

Orchards, 7.

Orion, i.

Orion Congregational church, 444-

Orion M. E. church, 444.

Orion Park Association, s.

"Orion Review," 443.

Orion township — INlentioq, 35, 194, I95>
198, 199, 200, 201, 207; first settlers
and events, 440; a township of lakes,
441 ; Orion village, 443 ; Orion
churches, 444 ; other stations, 445.

Orion State Bank, 247.

Orion village, 201. 202, 443, 444 (see
Orion township).

O'Riley, James A., 716.

Orr, Eleanor J., 835,

Orr, James VV., 834.

Orton, Amos, 464.

Orton, Elsworth. 257, 312.

Ortonville vjllage, 200, 201, 202, 443,
444, 46(4, 465.

Osman, Mortimer F., 211.

Osmun, Charlotte M., 97.

Osmun, Israel, 486.

Osmun. John, 486.

Osmun, William H.. 310. 526.

Ostrander, Charles J., 125.

Otis, Amos, 457, 573-

Owen, Asa, 36.

Owen, George W.. 432.

Oxford Agricultural works, 426.

Oxford Baptist church, 424.

Oxford carriage factory, 426.

Oxford creamery, 427.

Oxford Institute, 421.

Oxford machine works, 426.

Oxford M. E. church, 422.

Oxford township — Mention, 35, 194, 195,
19S, 199, 200, 201, 207; civilly organ-
ized, 418; first settlers, 418; first roads
and railroad, 420 ; Thomas, 420 ; lakes,
420; Oxford village incorporated, 421 ;
schools, 421; Oxford churches. 422;
the Methodists, 422; the Baptists, 424;
newspapers and societies, 425 ; Ox-
ford industries, 421; ; Michigan Pressed
Brick Company, 426; C. L. Randall &
Company, 427.

Oxford steam planing mills, 426.

Oxford LInion school (view), 422.

Oxford vallev mills. 426.

Oxford village. 201, 202, 421-427 (see
Oxford township).

Paddack. Daniel. 123.

Paddack. David, 123, i22.

Paddack's mills, Z12.

Paint creek, 441, 489.

Palmer, (Mrs.) B. A., 265.

Palmer, Charles H., 221.

Palmer, R. A., 540.

Palmer. William C. 294.

Parke, Ezra L., 250. 253.

Parke, Ezra S., 43, 252, 372, 385.

Parke, Hervey, 37-55. i-^o, 287, 290, 372.

Parke, John H., 43.

Parker, Ezra, 83, 96.

Parker, Henry, 392.

Parker, John D., 392.

Parker, Philip M., 229.

Parker, Ralzemond A., 634.

Parker, William, 798.

Parker, W. H., 465.

Parks, Calvin C, 124.

Parks, Roliert, 452.

Parmalee, Edward W., 720.

Partridge, Lemuel M., 372.

Patrick. Pierce, 294, 295.

Patrick. William, 218.

Patten, George. 212.

Patterson, E. & P., 397.

Patterson. Fred. 397.

Patterson. James. .393.

Patterson, James K., 123, 124.

Patterson, lames W., 397.

Patterson. John H.. 140. 153, 202.

Patterson, John H., (portrait), 153.

Patterson. John W., 835.

Patterson, Samuel J., 140.

Patterson. Thomas L., 102. 120, 140, 392,

393. 513-
Patterson, Thomas L. (portrait), 126.
Patterson, (Mrs.) T. L., 392.
Patterson, William F., 393, 514.
Patterson Manufacturing Company, 397.
Pauli. Henry. 284. 623,
Payne. Gennette H.. 367.
Peabody. Lymati B., 383.
Pearce. Samuel, 275.
Pearsall, Sherman, 334.
Pearson. E. F. H.. 315.
Pearsons brothers. ;s2},-
Peck, Edward W.. loi.
Pelton, Carl H.. 123. 140, 523.
Pelton. Homer J., 897.
Pepper. William H.. 793.
Pere Marauette Railroad 240.
Perkins. Thomas V.. 397.
Perrin. David. 362.
Perrin. Jonathan. ,362.
Perry. Aaron, 11, no, 123, 140, 148,

182. 204. 263.
Perry. Aaron (portrait). 147.
Perrv (Mrs.) Aaron. 261. 266, 267.
Perrv. Gleason F.. 247.
Perry. John. 443.
Perrv, John G., 463.
Perrv, Jonathan, 486.
Peters. William C, 607.
Pettibone creek, 445, 473.
Pettibone, Levi, 445.

XXX

INDEX

Pettibone mills, 447.
Petty, Jacob, 93.
Phelps, Ik-njamin, 237.
Phelps. Rdwiii, 102. ^

Phelps, Guy, 488.
Phelps, Joel, 87.
PhclDs, William W.. 124.
Phelps. Zciias, 473.
Pheney, Sylvester. 140.
Phillios. Archibaltl. .^o. 31.
Phillips, Theodore S., 803.
I'hysical features — Surface and eleva-
tions, g; surface geology, 11.
Physicians (see medical profession).
Pickering, F.ffie G.. 826.
Pickering, George 11., 825.
Pierce, A: K., 451.
Pierce. Benjamin H.. 36, ^72.
Pierce, Delavan J.. 802.
Piety Hill {Pirmingham ). 340. 373. 374,

Pilcher, E. H., 343.

Pilcher, Lcander VV.. 337.

Pine Knob, 46C.

Pine lake, 2.

Pine lake (postofifice), 471).

Pinkerton, Thomas. 483.

Pioneer records, 100.

Pioneer relies, 102.

Pioneer times — Hervev Parke comes to
Oakland county. 37 ; Bloomfield and
Royal Oak in 1821. 38; infant village of
Pontiac. 39; Governor W'isner and his
"mullet" story, 39; becomes Horatio
Ball's assistant, 40; Joseph Wamp-
ler's assigned territory, 40: a sur-
veyor's hardships, 41 ; returns with his
family, 42; birthplace of John H.
Parke. 43; homestead at last, 44; sur-
veys from Pontiac, 45; running lines
under difficulties, 45; fresh trails of
the Black Hawk war, 48; between
Saginaw bay and Lake Huron. 50;
surveys in the Black Hawk reserva-
tion, Iowa. 52 ; another Iowa con-
tract, 53 ; Captain Parke's recapitula-
tion, 53; recollections of Benjamin
O. Williams, 5.S ; dear old Oakland,
the best of all, 57; a picture of mem-
ory, 58; advent of the ])ioncer. 59;
railroad as a fun maker, (xr. the life
bequeathed bv the pioneer. 61 ; fifty
years ago and now, 61 ; contrasts of
life. 61: "Granny" McCracken, 64;
Father and Mother McCracken. 66;
the schools of fifty years a.go, 67 ;
Mormon visitation of 1832: 67; Au-
burn the youn,g pioneers. 69; social
and industrial revolution, 70.

Pittman. C. C, .^01.

Plunimer, .'\da, 394.

Poe. O. M.. 276.

Polish Catholic Seminary. Orchard
lake, 479. 481.

Pontiac .\cadeniy. 228. 334.

Pontiac. & Paint Creek Turnpike Com-
pany. J?,Ci.

Pontiac & Orchard Lake Railroad Com-
pany. 239,

I'limiac & Sylvan Lake electric road, 6.

Pontiac armory, 284.

"Pontiac Bill Poster," 312.

Pontiac Board of Water Commission-
ers, 301.

Pontiac l)ranch Stale L'niversity. 228,

Pontiac breweries, 323, 331.

Pontiac Buggy Company, 328.

Pontiac Chapter No. 228, O. E. S., 367.

Pontiac (chief), 19, 21. 24.

Pontiac churches — Earliest Methodist
preachers. 340; first Methodist church
in county. 341 ; pastors from 1826 to
the present, .^42; Mrs. Shattuck's re-
miniscences. 342; Central Methodist
Episcopal church. ^4$; the First Bap-
tist church. ,347 ; First Presb.\ terian
church, ,149; how the first church was
built, 351 ; first Congregational church,
352; third Congregational church in the
state. 353 ; new Congregational church.
354; St. Vincent de Paul's church,
355 ; All Saints Episcopal church,
356; St. Trinitatis Lutheran church.
358; the African M. E. church. 358;
■Voung Men's Christian .Association,
359: Red Ribbon Club of Pontiac,
360.

Pontiac city — Mention. 198, 200, 201,
202. 207; population by wards, 207;
chartered, 296; first election, 297;
city police department born, 297; first
city ball. 297; value of properly in
1876, 298; John P. Foster No. 2.
298; smallpox epidemics of 1881-82,
299 ; newspaper sensation, 299 ; in-
vestigating light and water systems,
300; rcsi.gnation of Chief Engineer
Foster, .?oo; city finances in 1886,
301 ; Board and Water Commission-
ers created, .301 ; the new F^ifth ward.
.301 ; original system of waterworks.
.?02; electric lighting and telephone
systems. 304 ; first Gamewell Fire
.-Marm Telegraph, 304; municipal
government in 1894. .304: first three
years of water service. 306; lighting
.and telephone service again, 306; sew-
era.ge system inaugurated. 307; ex-
tension of waterworks. 307; telephone
service np-to-date, 308; commission
government adopted, 309 ; increased
efficiency of fire department. 311; the
present city hall. 311 ; mayors of Pon-
tiac. 312: the city press, 312; Oak
Hill Cemetery, 313; gas lighting and
electric power. 314; postoffice and
postmasters. 3i.i; the Pontiac State
Hospital. 316.
Pontiac city hall. 311.
Pontiac Citv Hospital. 261. 262 (view).
Pontiac Citv mills, ^22.
Poniiac Commandery No. 2. K. T.. .366.
Ponli,-ic Connnercial .•\ssociation. 332.

INDEX

Poiitiac Company, 75. 70, 16.?, 189, 286.
Pontiac Council No. 3, R. & S. M., 365.
"Pontiac Courier," 312.
Pontiac Drop Forge Company, 329.
Pontiac Educational Society, 335.
Pontiac electric lighting, 304, 306.
Pontiac English and Classical school.

334-

Pontiac Fire Company No. i, 294.

Pontiac fire departmenl, 298, 390, 311.

Pontiac Foundry Company, 330.

Pontiac's fraternal societies — Masonry
in Pontiac, .162; third lodge in terri-
tory, 362; Pontiac Lodge No. 21, 364;
Pontiac Council No. 3, R. & S. M.,
36s; Oakland Chapter No. 5, R. A.
M., ,366; Pontiac Commandery No. 2,
K. T., 366; Pontiac Chapter No. 228,
O. E. S., 367; Masonic Temple As-
sociation, 367 : Cantoji Pontiac No.
3, I. O. O. F.. .?68; Pytliian Knights
and Sisters, 368; Dick Richardson
Post, G. A. R.. ,369: Knights of Col-
umbus, 369; Royal Neighbors of
America, 369: Order of Elks, 369;
other lodges, 370.

Pontiac gas works. 31.S.

"Pontiac Herald," 312.

Pontiac High School. 335. 3,36 (view).

Pontiac indebtedness, 310.

Pontiac's industries, 320.

"Pontiac Jacksonian," 312.

Pontiac Knitting Works, 320.

Pontiac Land Company, 29.

Pontiac Light Company, 314.

Pontiac Literary Society, 334.

Pontiac Lodge No. 21, A. F. & A. M.,
364.

Pontiac Lodge No. 19, K. of P., ,368.

Pontiac Medical Society, 256.

Pontiac mills. 321.

Pontiac Motor Cvcic Company, 329.

Pontiac municipal government, ,504.

Pontiac O.xford & Norlhern radroad,
238, 239.

Pontiac police department. 297.

Pontiac postoffice, 315, 316 (view).

Pontiac Power Company, 314.

"Pontiac Press-Gazette." 8, 261.

Pontiac public library, 264.

Pontiac Savings Bank, 244, 245.

Pontiac schools — Sarah McCarroll's
sketch, sss : the old Pontiac .'Acad-
emy, 334; first common schools, 334;
public system organized, ,^4; the "Old
Union," 335; high school building of
'S71. 336; school superintendents and
high school principals, 337 ; the new
high school, 337 ; public system and
list of .schools, 337; Michigan Alili-
tary Academy, 338.

Pontiac sewerage system, 307.

Pontiac State Hospital, 316.

Pontiac State Hospital, main building
(view), 317: chapel (view), 318.

Pontiac tclcplinne systems. 304, 306. 308.

Pontiac township, 32, 195, 198, 199, 200,
201, 207.

Pontiac (village) — In 1821, 39; Colonel
Mack's Company, 286 first Pontiac
settlers, 287; settlers of 1822, 288;
county seat and court house, 289;
township organization, 289 ; the vij-
lage of Auburn (Amy), 290; Pontiac
village incorporated, 291 ; early trus-
tee meetings, 291 ; real estate item,
292 ; the mill pond nuisance, 293 ; the
fire of 1840, 293; early bridges, 293;
"common council,' the governing
body, 293 ; the villa,ge fire department,
294; gas works inaugurated, 294;
heads of the village government, 294.

Pontiac water works, 300, 302, 306, 307.

Pontiac's conspiracy, 20.

Pontiac's early business men. 325.

Pontiac's industries, 320.

Poppleton, O., 22, 29, 30, 102, 374.

Population, 200.

Porter, Daniel L., 250, 253.

Porter, Moses, 96.

Portion of dormitory and power house
and "Castle," Polish seminary. Or-
chard lake (view), 480.

Portraits — Thomas L. Patterson, 126;
Aaron Perry, 147; John li, Patterson,
153-

Post, (.Miss) v.. 209.

Postal, George, 3,^. 406, 488.

Potter, Lemuel, 92.

Potter, Lydia B., 92, 196.

Potts, Henry A., 89.S.

Powell, Joseph C, 120. 690.

Powell, (Mrs.) J. S., 266.

Powell, Sybil Maria, (390.

Powell, William H., 423.

Power, Artliur, 452, 453. 454. 455.

Power, D. H., 245.

Power, Jared, 452.

Power, John. 452, 453.

Power, Nathan, 458.

Power, Samuel, 454.

Powers. Plinv. 254.

Power's settlement ( Farniington). 4S5.

Prall, J. R., 263, 354.

Pratt, Caleb, 91.

Pratt, William -\.. 221.

Preciriitation, 10.

Predmore, J. C, 247.

Predmore, John H., 783.

Pres.s — Pontiac newspapers, 312; Holly
newspapers, 397 ; Rochester news-
papers, 412; O.Nl'ord newspapers,
425-

"Press Gazette," 312.

Price, Rov F., 709.

Price. William. 211, 212.

Prince, F.ri. ,385.

Probate courts. 114, 118, 119. «

Probate judges, 119, 191.

Prosecuting attorneys, 123.

Public lands. 2T5.

Pnrd\. Robert. 449.

I'ytlii.-ni Sisfci-s. Ponli.n-. 36S.

xxxu

indp:x

Quakertovvn (Farmington), 452.

guick, C. F., 438.

Quick, C. P., 393.

Quick, Charles F., 393, 432. ^

Quick, John, 393.

Quick, Wilhani, 393.

Quill, James, 465.

Raniscv, C. E., 4S7.

Randall, C. L., 427.

Randall, C. L., it Company, 427.

Randall. Leon, 427.

Ransi'ord, Byron L., 124.

Rapid Motor Vehicle Company, 329.

Raynale, C. M., 257.

Raynale, Ebenezcr, 218, 219, 252, 491.

Raynale, George P., 258.

Raynor, John T., 123, 168.

Red Ribbon Club, Pontiac, 360.

Rcdway, Joel. 450.

Reed, William, 427.

Reese. Joseph, 670.

Reeves, George, 360.

Reeves, Stephen, 120, igi, 212, 856.

Registers of deeds. ig6.

Reid, Wilson, 489.

Religions history — Pontiac church. 340;
Holly churches, 398; Rochester
churches, 412; Oxford churches, 422;
Royal Oak churches, 435; Orion
churches, 444; Milford churches, 447;
Farmington churches, 459,

Reservoir under construction, Roches-
ter (view). 410.

Revolutionary graves marked, 96.

Revolutionary soldiers and "daughters"
— County's first settler, a Revolution-
ary soldier. 72 ; the Graham family,
yi ; Nathaniel Baldwin. 74 ; George
Horton, 74; Stephen Mack, 75; Col-
onel Mack's family, 76 ; Joseph Todd
and party, "jy \ Ithamar Smith, 78;
William Nathan Terry, 79; Joshua
Chambcrlin and Enoch Hotchkiss.
80; Elijah Drake, 80; Ezra Parker.
83; Jeremiah Clarke. 84; Benjamin
Grace, 85; Caleb Barker Merrell, 86;
Eevi Green, 86; Joel Phelps, 87;
Elias Cady, 87; Samuel Nilcs, 88;
Silas Sprague, 88; Esbon Gregory, 89;
Zadock Wellman, 89; Caleb Carr, 89;
Hooper Bishop, 90 ; Derrick Hulick,
91 ; Caleb Pratt, 91 ; Solomon Jones,
91; Lydia Barnes Potter, 92; James
Harrington, 93; Jacob Petty, 93; John
Blanchard. 93; .Mtramont Donaldson.
93; Joseph Van Netter, 93; Benj.
Bulson. 94; Nathan Landon, 94; Gen-
eral Richardson Chapter, D. A. R.,
95 ; the Revolutionary graves marked,
96; tribute to General Richardson, 97;
Membership of the Daughters, 97.

Revvold. Henry. 409.

Reynolds. Asa. 786.

Rhodes. John. 494.

Rice. Judson E., 692.

Rice, Paul. 443.

Rice, Zeba, 373.
Richards. Daniel, 450.
Richards, George R., 312.
Richardson, George B., 641.
Ricliardson, Hosea S., 406.
Richardson, Israel B., 97, 274, 275, 276.
Richardson. John P., 169.
Richardson, Origen D., 123. 128, 164,

221. 291, 292.
Richardson, Peter, 479.
Riggs, Jeremiah, 218.
Riker, John D.. 257, 312.
Roads (see transportation).
Robb, S. B.. 2:;8.
Robert. Philip R., 533.
Roberts. H. S.. 275.
Roberts. Ira. 33.
Roberts. William, 34.
Robertson, G., 212.
Robertson, William, ,326.
Robinson. John C, 275.
Rochester, 200, 405-416 (see Avon

township ).
Rochester Baptist church, 412.
Rochester Chapter No. 317, R. \. M.,

415.
"Rochester Clarion," 412.
Rochester Congregational church, 412.
Rochester Creamery Company, 409.
"Rochester Era." 24, 412.
Rochester industries, 408.
Rochester Lodge No. 68, I. O. O. F.,

416.
Rochester Rebekah Lodge No. 390, 416.
Rochester Savings Bank, 246.
Rochester societies. 414.
Rochester water works. 411.
Rochester Woolen Mills. 408.
Rockwell. Charles L.. },},},.
Rockwell. Edward J., 902.
Rockwell. Tames H., 6l,S-
Rockwell, Kleber P., 120, 123, 140, 903.
Rodger. James S., 451.
Rogers. I. Sumner. 338.
Rood. Elonzo R.. 390.
Rose Center. 47O.
Kosc township — Mention, 194. 195, 198,

199. 200. 201, 207; physical features,

476.
Roseland Park Cemetery, 4,^9.
Ross, K. L.. 516.
Rossman. Fite. 418, 419.
Rossman, John. 418, 419.
Round 'lable Club of Pontiac, 267.
Rouge river. 371, 478. 487.
Royal O.ik Baptist church. 435.
Royal Oak Catholic church. 437.
Royal Oak Congregational church, 436.
"Royal Oak E.xperimcnt," 432.
Royal Oak German Evangelical church,

437.
Roval Oak Lodge No. 424. I. O. O. F.,

438.
Royal Oak Masonic Temple .-Xssocia-

tion. 4,vS.
Roval Oak M. E. church. 435.
Royal Oak O. E. S., 438.

INDEX

Roval Oak Savings Bank, 247.

Roval Oak township— Mention, 35, 38,
194. I9S> 198, I99> 200, 201, 207;
origin of the name, 428; Governor
Cass "sees for himself," 428; settlers
of 1822-1826, 429; organized, 430;
Royal Oak village, 430; business
houses, 431: corporation record, 432;
Royal Oak schools, 434; Royal Oak
churches, 435 ; Royal Oak societies,
438; Urban Rest and Ferndale, 439;
Roseland Park cemetery, 439.

Royal Oak societies, 438.

Royal Oak (tree), 38, 428.

"Royal Oak Tribune," 432.

Royal Oak village, 201, 202, 430-438 (see
Royal Oak township).

Royal Order of Moose, Pontiac, 370.

Ruggles, Elizur, 445.

Ruggles, Isaac W.. 412.

Ruggles, J, W.. 444.

Ruggles, Stanley. 445.

Rundell, Julius F., 383.

Rundell, Leroy J., 700.

Runyon, John, 389.

Rush. Daniel, 452.

Russell. William. 30, 31, 403.

Ryan, T. J., 355

Safford, Jaines. 2i7-

St. Fredericks Parochial school, 356.

St. John. W. I., 437-

St. Trinitatis Lutheran church, 358.

St. Vincent de Paul's church, 355.

Salems Evangelical church, Fariuington,

459-
Saloon licenses, 310.
Salyer, C. A., ^8^.
Sanford. Miles. 344.
Sanford, Josephine B., 97.
Sapp, Resin, 341, 344.
Sashabaw creek, 467.
Sashabaw plains, 466.
Satterlee, Samuel, 123, 216.
Sawyer, Edward, 144.
Sawyer, Joseph, E.. 124, 140, 142, 367.
Sayles, Lyman A.. 258, 586.
Scene on the Rouge river (view), 492.
Scenes along Paint creek (views), 442.
Schermerhorn, Rufus. 8so.
Schluchter, J. H., 426.
Schofield. S.. 451.
Schulz. A. P., 257.
Scott, John. 432.
Second Michigan Lifantry. 275.
Second National Bank, Pontiac, 244.
Seed. Charles S., 412.
Seelev, Harvey. 211, 212.
Seeley, Jesse, 494.
Seeley, O. C Zi7-
Seeley, Thaddeus D.. 309, 905.
Sellman. Thomas, 449.
Serrell, Harry J., 789.
Serrell, Samuel J., 780.
Sevener. Edward. 539.
Seventh Michigan infantry. 278.
Seymour, John B., 464.

Shackleton, John H.. 454.

Shain. Charles J., 616.

Sharpe, A, X. M., 369.

Shattuck, Charles L, 843.

Shattuck, Mary D., 342.

Shattuck, Maud G., 97.

Shaw, George N., 406.

Shaw. Tames. 344.

Shaw. N. T., 257.

Shear. Bruce C, 581.

Sheldon, T. C, 33-

Shcpard. A. H., 246.

Sheriffs. 196.

Sherman, G. D., 451.

Sherman, Maria, 421.

Sherwood. Samuel. 3:5.

Shiawassee river, 388.

Shier, W. H., 275, 344.

Shippy, John, 405.

Shore. James, 341.

Short. Marion. 472.

Shovverman. George, 473.

Sibley. Harrv, 256, 257.

Sibley. J. L.. 3(10,

Siblev, Solomon, ^^, 122, 159, 190, 286,

287.
Simmons. Charles. S23.
Simmons. William L, 897.
Simonson. James B., 247, 431.
Simonson, John B., 431.
Simpson. Thomas, 312.
Sixtecntii Michigan Infantry, 280.
Skidniore, Austin, 551.
Slade. Ira. ,^83.

Slater Construction Company, 331.
Slocum. Fred. 397.
Sly. Addie, 894.
Slv. George W.. S93.
Sly. Jane C. 893.
Sly. Joshua, 403.
Smith. Aaron. 290.
Smith, Ada L., 97.
Smith. xAinsley, 257.
Smith, Albert B., 625.
Smith, Asaph C, 483.
Smith. David. 452, 453.
Smith, Ebenezer, 290, 363.
Smith. Edward R., 383.
Smith. Ella L., 97.
Smith, Fred A., 3.38, 572.
Smith, Fred, ,393.
Smith, George W,. 114. 123, 124, 140,

14.S, 180, 202, 204.
Smith, Harrison, 393.
Smith. Howard. 393.
Smith. T. L.. 290.
Smith. Ira. 488.
Smith. Ithamar. 78. 96.
Smith. Jacob H.. 627.
Smith. Tohn. 274.
Smith, Joseph, 77.
Smith, Laban, 479-
Smith, Lvdia, 380.
Smith, Alortimer, ^2^.
Smith, Moses, 393-
Smith, Nelson P.. 580.
Smith. Oliver B., 460.

fXDF.X

Smith, Samuel W., 123, 140, goi.
Siiiuli. (Airs.) Samuel \V., 261.
SniUh, (Mrs.) S. W., -'63.
Smith, Sylvester, 290.
Smith, 'I'haddcus A., 312.
Smith. Waller U.. 424.
Smith, (Mrs.) W. R., 393-
Smith, W. ()., S26.
Snook, John J., 737,
.Snow, William T., 343.
Snowdon, Harry H., 140, 229.
Snyder, C. W., 258.
Snyder, Oscar J., 638.
.Soldier's monument. Birmingham, 384.
.Soldiers' Relief law, 274.
.Soil, 10.

Sopcr, .Spencer. 859.
South Lyon, 450-452 (see Lyon town-
ship).
South L\on I'ree Methodist church,

451.

"South Lvon Herald," 451.

South Lyon M. E. church, 451.

South Lyon village, 201, 202.

South Lvon Preshylerian church, 45.

Southtield Centre, 492.

Southfield township, 3(1. 194, 195, 198,
199, 200. 201, 207, 491.

Southworth. Constant, 34.

Sparhawk, Arthur G., 312.

Spear. Archihald. 294.

Spencer, B. C. H., 258, 508.

Sprague, Eliphalet, 449.

Sprague, Frederick A., .^.'i.

Sprague, Roger, 192 193. 216, 221, 406.

Sprague, Silas, 88, 96.

Spring, J. P., 360.

Spring Mills. 473.

Springfield township — Mention 34, 194,
195, 198, 199, 200, 201, 207; organized,
471 ; Springfield and .Anderson settle-
ments, a7i : Davisburg, 472.

Spooner, E. D., 68, 212.

Stanley. Luther, 383.

Stannard, David. ,^2. 119. igr, 237,

303. 471.
.Stanton, Henry L.. ,?,^o.
.Stanton. Lottie M., 367.
Starke, Lena B., 531.
Starke. Philip H.. 531.
.Starker. C. T., 257.
.Starker, James B., 400.
Starkev. Albert 858.
State lianks, 244.
.State constitutions. 216.
State representatives (alphabetically ar-

ran.ge<l). 222.
State Sanitary Commission, 274.
State Savings Bank of South Lvon, 248.
State senators (alphabetically arranged),

222.
State I'niversitv, 228.
.Stead, Benjamin, 190.
Steel, Edward. 454.
.Steel. Harman. 454.
Steel & .Mason, 455.
Stephens. .Xugustus C, 237.

Stephens, Henry, 429, 435, 436.

Stephens, J. T. M., .398.

.Stephens, Sherman, 436.

.Stevens, Hester L.. 123, i,?8, 170.

Stevens, Sherman, 237.

Stevens, William S., 243.

Stevenson. Henrv C, 584.

Steward. (.Mrs.) I-". S.. 2()5.

Stewart, Clara P., 109.

Stewart. IJavid, 272

Sticknev, William B., 123.

Stickney, William \\., 179, 180.

Stiles brothers, 472.

.Stillson. James, 443.

Stockton, John, 283,

Stockton, T. B. VV., 280.

.Stockwell. Joseph S.. 120, 212, 359, 717.

Stockwell. (Mrs.) J. S., 261, 263.

Stockwell, Ross, 140.

Stone, John, 423.

Stony creek, 461.

Stony creek village, 404.

Storz, Louis. 809.

Stout, Byron G., 221, 245, 265, 337.

Stout. (Sirs.) Byron. 2(11, 265. 26C.

Stowell. llattie M., 97.

Strain, Charles S., 258.

Stratton. Jonathan F., 473.

Stuart. Charles L., 853.

Stumpf, C. .Martin, 8g6.

Stumpf. J.-icoli, 770.

Subordinate Lodge No. it, K. L. G.,

400.
Suliordinate Lodge No. 972, I. O. O. F.,
^ 399-

Summer resort features, 5.
-Supervisors' picnics, 100.
Supreme court, lit, 112, 113, 114, 124.
Survevor general's report. 27.
Surveys, .30.
Sutherlantl. C. J.. 257.
Sutherland, Nina, 422.
Sutherland, William C, 759.
Swan, Ziba, 123, .362, 372.
Swan, Ziba, Jr., 212.
Swartout. F. L.. 436.
Swartz creek, 388.
Sweet. M. E., 353.
Sylvan lake. 2, 3.
Symmes. John C. 110.

Taft, A. S., 424.

Taft, Levi B., 123, 137, 180.

TafTt. Pitts, 483.

Taggelt. A. C, 474.

Taylor, C. V., .328.

Taylor ( C. V.) Carriage Company, 328.

Taylor, Daniel B.. 415.

Taylor, De Witt H., 439.

Taylor, Edson, 559.

Taylor, Elisha, 405.

Taylor, l-'irmin T., 8,39.

Taylor, George IL, 626.

Taylor, Hudson .'\., 845.

Tavlor. H. J., 246.

Taylor, John R., 882.

Taylor, Joshua, 415.

INDEX

XXXV

Tayloi, Joshua B, _'i8,

Taylor, J. S, D., ^37-

Taylor, Lemuel, 405.

Taylor, Thomas M., 281.

Taxable property (1825), 192.

Taxes, 198, 192, I93-

Tecumseh, 271.

Tedmaii, Mariette. 462.

Temperature, 11.

Ten Eyck, Harrv, 109.

Ten Eyck, H. S., 507. „

Ten Eyck, Junius. 120, 123, 124, 181.

Tenny, Jesse, 505.

Tenny, Rufus, 505-

"Ten shillings act," ^J.

Tenth Michigan Cavalry, 283.

Tenth Michigan Infantry, 278.

Terry, Caleb, 212.

Terry, Charles H., 890.

Terrv, Frank B., 854.

Terry, Henrv D., 277. '

Terry, Joshua, 479.

Terry, Josiah P., 857.

Terry, Ira K., 212.

Terry, William N., 79. 96-

Thatcher, Erastus, 312.

Thayer, John. 449-

Third ^lichigan Infantry, 277.

Thirtieth Michigan Infantry. 282.

Thomas, 4. 20, 464. 465

Thomas. Calvin. 179.

Thomas. John. 420. 492.

Thomas. Stephen. I79-

Thomas. William. 394-

Thompson, Otis C, 418-

Thompson, Robert R., 452-

Thompson, Thaddeus. 250, 253.

Thompson, William, 29, 33. n". nS.
119, 162, 190, 191. 250, 251. 253, 286.
402, 406, 450. 452.

Thompson, William M., 295.

Thompson, W. M.. 312-

Thompson's Corners (South Lyon),

450.
Thornhill, Eva I., 57°.
Thorpe, Toseph H., 653.
Thorpe, 'Mabel, 97-
Thorpe, Matilda. (153
Thurber. David D., 312.
Thurher, Horace C. 212, 295.
Thnrlier, H. C, 294.
Thurher, William, 117.
Thurston. Frank. 607.
Thurston, George P., 194. 463. 404-
Thurher. William. 31-
Tibbets. George. 453-
Tienken, John, 637.
TiUson, C. C, 140.
Tillson. T. Arthur. 140. .^og.
Tillson. Philo. 253.
Tindall, Joseph. 423-
Tinsman. E, II.. 328.
Todd. Charles A.. 6ro.
Todd. loseph. 29, 77, 96. 287.
Todd. Mary P.. 97-
Toledo war, 272.
Tower. Cornelius L.. 526.

Town, Charles H., 282.
Townsend. Harvey, 763.
Townships. 31, 190, 192. I95. 289.
Tovnton, Charlotte N., 801.
Toynton, John R., 800.
Traphagan, Abram. 393-
Traphagan, W., .193-
Transportation — Mention 6, 7; First
Oakland county highway, 234; other
roads established, 235; improvement
of the Clinton river, 236; first Michi-
gan railway chartered. 23,7: Detroit
& Pontiac Railroad Company. 237;
finally completed to Birmingham, 238;
Detroit & Milwaukee Railway Com-
pany, 238; establishment of present
systems. 238; Grand Trunk system,
239; the Michigan Central, 240; De-
troit United Railway, 240.
Traver, R. M., 349-
Treadway, Alfred, . 169, 243, 295, 315.
Treat. Loren L., 181.
Tripp. Arthur R., 123, 124, 140. 132-
Trowbridge, G. M., 102.
Trowbridge, L. G., 283.
Trowbridge, Rowland E., 4S7.
Trowbridge, Stephen V. R., I93. 216,

221, 487.
Troy Corners, 488.

Troy United Presbyterian church, 489.
Troy township— Mention, 35, 195. ^QS.
199, 200, 201, 207; the Trowbridge
family. 487; Johnson Niles and Troy.
487; Big Beaver and Clawson. 488;
United Presbyterian church of Troy.
489.
Truesdell. Z., 337.
Trvon, Geneva, 257.
Tryon, Myron M., 58.1-
Tuhbs, Peter, 423.
Tucker, W. T., 257-
Turner, (Mrs.) C. B.. 266.
Turner. C. B., 342.
Turner. Josiah. 180.
"Two dollar" act. 31.
Twenty-ninth Michigan Infantry. 281.
Twenty-second Michigan Infantry, 280.
Typica'l old grist mills (views), 446-

Uloth, M. J., 258.

Union schools — Pontiac. 333 ; Holly,

394: Royal Oak (view), 434
University fund, 22S.
Urban Rest, 439-
Utley, Sanford M,. 453-

Van Atta, Roy S., 525.
■Van Biskirk, Kate C, 97-
Van de Venter, Eugene, 273,
Van Every, Peter, 374.
Van Every mill. 374-
Van Gordon. John. 889.
Van Leuven. Fanny. 448.
Van Ness, E. C, 359-
Van Netter, Joseph, 93.
Van Sickle, Joseph, 466-
Van Sickle. J. R.. 258.

INDEX

Van Valkenburg, Jacob, i8i, 2i8.

Vegetation, ii.

Views — At Lake Orion, 4; Neeley's Hats
near Rochester, 16; Apple Island, Or-
chard lake. 22; Oakland county co'urt
house, 203 ; court house of 1857-8,
205; county jail. 208; first car into
Rochester, 241 ; Pontiac City Hos-
pital, 262 ; Buckland -Memorial Chapel,
J14; the new Pontiac postofiice, 316;
main building Pontiac State hospital,
317; Chapel, Pontiac State hospital,
318; old Hodges house, 326; old high
school (1S71), 336; Woodward ave-
nue, Birmingham, 382 ; high school,
Birmingham, 382; Main street. Holly,
396; Avon township hall, 402; Main
street, Rochester, 407; water works
w'ells, Rochester, 410; reservoir un-
der construction, Rochester, 410; on
the shores of Stony lake, 421 ; Ox-
ford Union school, 422; Union school.
Royal Oak, 434; scenes along Paint
creek, 442; typical old grist mills,
446; on the Shiawassee river, 477; on
the shores of Pine lake. 478; front of
Academic building, portion of dormi-
tory and power house and "Castle,"
Polish seminary. Orchard lake, 480;
scene on the Rouge river, 492.

Vincent, John, 445.

Voorheis. Carl S., 684.

Voorheis, Isaac L., 212.

Voorheis. Jacob N.. 193.

Voorheis. James K.. 713.

Vowles. Frank J., 208, 583.

Vowles, Joseph. 447.

Vulcan Gear Works, 330.

Wade. D. W. C. 256.

Waite Brothers. 628.

Waite. Elwin L., 628.

Waite. L. Edwin. 62S.

Wakefield. Daniel B.. 216.

Wakelin. Thomas, 398.

Wakeman. C. K.. & Company. 321.

Walch. James A.. ■?4i.

Waldo, A. P., 398.

V\;aldo. C. K.. 245,

W.ildron, Henry, lOi.

W'.'ilker. .'Vmos. 255.

Walker. bVed I.. 414.

Walker. Solomon. 453.

Wallace. M. H., 355."

Walled lake, 2, 3. '

Walled lake village. 470.

Walrod. Abrani. 4fig.

Walter. .Mark. 312. 367.

Walters. (Mrs.) F. 'j.. 261. 268.

Waniiiler. Joseph. 30. 31, 40

W.indle. J. A„ 195!

Ward. David. 3. 824.

Ward, F.lizabetii B., 501.

W.ard. 1 lenrv C, 497.

Ward, Willis C, 824.

War of the Rebellion. 274.

War of i8r2. 271.

Warner, Fred M., 214, 221, 457, 812.

Warner, P. Dean, 218, 221, 454, 457, 810.

Warner. Seth A. L.. 129, 165, 454.

Warner's E.\change Bank, 246.

Warren. Henry M., 95,

Waterford mills, 324.

Waterford township — Mention, 35, 194,
195. 198. 199, 200, 201, 207; its lakes,
484: coming of the Williams' families,
484; Waterford of today, 486; Dray-
ton plains, 486; old ClintonviJIe, 486.

Water works wells. Rochester (view),
410.

Waters, Sarah W., 109,

Water-shed, 9.

Watson. Joseph, 31.

Watson. Samuel G., 172.

Wattles. John M., 179.

W'eatherson, Charles. 472.

Webb. .'\ If red. 301, 303, 860.

Webb. Ezekiel, 453, 454.

Webb, Harriet, 860.

Webster, Aaron. 290. 362.

Webster. Burt M.. 86g.

WVbster. Charles P.. 140.

Webster. Elmer R.. 140, 152. 229, 3a,

\\'ebstcr. James, 218.

Weed. Leonard, 362, 363, 364.

Weeks. James A., lOi, 212, 291, 295,
3^7-

Weeks. Smith. S3- nS, 119. 191.

Weehnan. Joel. 32.

Weir. W. I.. 416.

Weisbrod. S. L., 258.

Welcome Rebekah Lodge No. 246, I, O.
O. F.. 368-

Wellman. Zadock. 89.

Wells Cultivator Company, 447.

Wendell. John A., 473, 477.

Wendell. Matthew, 669.

Wendorpli. J. A., 439.

We-se-gah. 25.

Wesson. Suel. 292, 294.

West Bloomfield township — Mention. 34,
194. 195. 198. 199. 200, 201. 207; lakes,
,478; e.-irliest pioneers. 478; sale of In-
dian reservations, 479; first postof-
fice, 479; Orchard Lake postoffice, 479;
the Polish seminary. 4S1.

West Highland. 473.

West .Side Reading Club, 267.

Western Knitting Mills. 408.

A\"etmore. John. 35. 36, 440.

Wlu'.iton. V. W,. 411.

WHieeler. Harris A.. 338.

W'hceler. Morris, 473.

Whipple. Charles W., 121, 123.

White, (ieorge. 392.

White, Jonathan R., 179.

White. Phincas, 179.

White. .Samuel. 212. 218.

Whitehead. .Mmeron, 212, 244, 383.

Whitehead. Richard. 275.

White Lake postoffice, 494.

White Lake tow^nship, 33, 195, 198, 199,
200, 201, 207, 493.

INDEX

Whitesell, R. J., 367.

Whitheld, 1 honias, 486,

Whiting, John L., 190.

Whitney, A. G., 190.

Whitney, G. H., 3S5.

W liitney, Wilson, 413.

\\ hitteniore, Gideon O., 119, i-'3, 164,

191, 218, 221, 243, 272, 292, 293.
Whittemore, J., 334.
Wicart, L. J., 355.
Wiclcens, Krcd A., 702.
Wieland, Frederic, 123, 140, 743.
"Wildcat" banks, 243.
Wiggins, George, 405.
Wilber, CHnton W., 519.
Wilcox, Charlotte E., 603.
Wilcox, Edwin T., 24.
Wilcox, Mortimer, 603.
Wilkins, Ross, 122.
Willctts, Elijah, 43, ^73, 374.
Willetts, Isaac, 33. v

Williams. Alfred, 237.
Williams, Alphcns, 30, 35, 466.
Williams, Ephraini, 31.
Williams, Ferdinand, 721.
Williams. FVederic A., 124.
Williams, Gardner D., 194.
Williams, George H., 48b.
Williams, George P., 228, 333.
Williams, Harvey, 287.
Williams. Oliver. 28, 30, 31, 33, 35, 55,

362, 484.
Willits, Elijah, 117.
Willits, William, 506.
Willodghby, George, 781.
Wilson, A. C., 448.
Wilson, Albert W., 433, 683.
Wilson. Almon C, 736.
Wilson. Charles A., 247.
Wilson, (Mrs.) E. H., 261, 267.
Wilson, Jesse E., 258. 274, 406.
Wilson, Levi, 449, 451.
Wilson, Oscar D., 890,
Wilson, Samnel. 419.
Wilson, Thomas W.. 328.
Wilson, William, 255.
Wilson school. 33S.
Willson. Albert, 438, 683.
Windiate, Daniel, 324, 486.
Windiate park, 5.

Wing. Austin E.. 31, 33, 190, 405, 429.
Winn, Anna, 472.
Winter, George, 398.
Wisner, Mrs. Ada McConnell, 97.
Wisner, George W., 123, 131, 171.
Wisner, Moses, 39. 132, 173, 181, 221,

274, 281.
Wisner, Oscar F., 123.
Wisner school, 338.
VVitherell. James, 120, 122.
Wixom, 470.

Wixom, Alijah, 470.

Wixom, Robert, 453, 457.

Wixom, WiUard C, 470.

Wixson, Isaac, 216.

Women's Christian Temperance Union,
Pontiac, 268.

Woleott, Chauncey D., 460.

Wolfe, William J., 799-

Wolverine Sand & Gravel Company,
427.

Women's Literary Club of Birming-
ham, 269.

Women's Literary , Club of Pontiac,
266.

Women's influence in the county — What
women have done for Oakland
county, 259 ; women's work in Pon-
tiac, 261 ; the Pontiac City Hospital,
261; Pontiac Public Library, 264; the
Women's Literarv Club, 266; the
Round Table Club. 267; the West
Side Reading Circle, 267; Women's
Christian Temperance Union, 268;
Birmingham Public Library, 268;
Birmingham Literary Club, 269;
Greenwood Cemetery Association,
Birmingham. 269; Ladies' Library
Association, 270.

Woodbridge, William. 122, 159, 189,

-35-
Woodward avenue. Birnringham

(view), 382.
Woodhull, C. H.. 212.
Woodman, Elias S.. 218.
Woodward, Augustus B., m.
Woodward, Lysander, 220.
Woodworth, Benjamin, 30, 31. 403.
Wooster. Benjamin, 488.
Wormer, G. S., 282.
Wright, David A., 493.
Wright. Reuben. 469.
Wyckoff, Cornelius G.. 494.
Wyckoff. Herman A.. 315.
Wyckoff. Thomas. 665,

Yankey, W. H., 409.

Yellow mill, 324.

Yerkes, Robert C., 322.

Yerkes, William. 212. 483.

Yerkes. William G., 322.

York, Samuel. 243.

Young. Joseph. 604.

Voung. Marcus. 394.

Young Men's Christian Association,

Pontiac, 359.
Young. Mrs. Welcome, .267.
Young. William. 390.

Zahn. Herman H., 894.

Zimmerman. Henry M., 140, 221, 589.

Zion church. Pontiac. 3^7.

History of Oakland County

CHAPTER I

THE GREAT TRANSFORMATION

Wonderful Country of Lakes — Cass and Orchard — Remarkable
Natural PheTstomenon — The Lake Orion Region — Summer Re-
sort Features — Transportation Facilities — As a Farming and
Live Stock Region — Features of the Transformation.

The natural features of Oakland county seemed to predestine its ma-
terial development of the past twenty years or more. Its four hundred
and tifty lakes, many of which are thus called only by a generous stretch
of the imagination, are thickly sprinkled over its gently rolling surface,
while pretty islands stud these little gems of water. As there is a lake
to each two square miles of land it is evident that these charming bodies
of water had to be reckoned with in the future of the country.

In the early times those who settled in the county had to live, had to
eat and be clothed, and they therefore did what pioneers have always done ;
they turned to the soil, and raised crops and live stock. But as the
country developed and Ijecame known to outsiders, its attractions as a
resort for those seeking rest and recreation, its advantages for those who
wished permanent homes with beautiful and comfortable surroundings,
became so apparent that there was more and more an insistent demand
for land, especially in the vicinity of the lakes — which obviously meant
that such demand not only became insistent but widespread. Before de-
scribing in detail this comparatively lake transformation of Oakland
county from an agricultural community to a country of summer and
permanent homes, we shall turn in our tracks and note the main features
supplied 1)\- nature in the bringing about of this change.

Wonderful Country of Lakes

The average number of lakes in each township of Oakland county is
eighteen, though Troy, Royal Oak, Southfield, Farmington and Lyon
are very deficient in comparison with other sections of the county. The
largest of the lakes and the most generously supplied of the townships
lie west and southwest of Pontiac. Orion, toward the northeast, is also

2 HISTORY OF OAKLAND COUNTY

the center of one of the most important development of resorts and
homes in the county, as it is the nucleus of some of its most charming
lakes, the largest of which is thcbody of water which gives the place its
name. In the Pontiac group are Cass, Orchard, Elizabeth, Sylvan, and
Pine. Walled lake to the southwest, lying in both Commerce and Novi
townships, is also one of the larger bodies, all of which are over three
hundred and fifty acres in extent. The largest is Cass, covering about
twelve hundred acres, or nearly two square miles. It was named after
Governor Cass, and lies mostly in W'e.st Dloomfield township, with two
of its arms extending iqto Waterford. Its extreme length from south-
west to northeast is about two and three quarter miles and its extreme
breadth, not measuring its arm, is a trifle over a mile.

Altogether the lakes of Oakland county cover twenty thousand square
acres, and the comparative importance of the townships from the stand-
point of natural reservoirs is told in the following figures : West Bloom-
field has a lake surface of 4,000 square acres; Waterford, of 2,600;
Orion, 1,700; Commerce, 1,700; White Lake, 1,300; Highland, 1,200;
Bloomfield, 1,200; Addison, 1,000; Holly, 900; Rose, 900; Independence,
800; Brandon, 600; Springfield, 600; Novi, 650; Oxford, 500; Groveland,
250; Oakland, 250; Milford, 160; Lyon, 160; Avon, 30,

Cass .xnd Orch.\rd

Continuing the description of the individual lakes : After Cass comes
Orchard lake, in size ; perhaps exceeding it in beauty and general interest.
It is certainly one of the finest sheets of water in southern Michigan, is
circular in form, lies wholly in West Bloomfield township, and, includ-
ing the islands encompassed by its water, covers about eight hundred and
fifty acres. Orchard lake derives its name from the beautiful island of
some thirty acres embraced by it, which the Indians called "Me-nah-sa-
gor-ning," or the "place of the orchard." When the United States sur-
veyors and the earliest of the permanent settlers came to this locality,
they found c|uite a number of apple trees still in bearing, supposed to
have been planted by French settlers, or at least to have been grown from
seeds obtained of them at Detroit. Apple island, as it is now called, is
almost in the geographical center of the lake. Northwest of it is the
smaller Cedar island.

Both Cass and Orchard lakes are now surrounded by summer cot-
tages and homes, pleasant walks and drives meandering around their
shores. One of the most artistically and thoroughly improved of the
beautiful shorelands of Cass lake is known as Keego Harbor, while a
popular feature counted among the attractions of Orchard lake is the
Polish Seminary, founded u]Jon the old-time Orchard Lake Military
Academy. The entire chain of little sparkling lakes from Pontiac, south-
west to Cass and Orchard — Crystal, Sylvan, Lord and Pine — presents a
succession of- cottages, boat landings and summer devices, as well as a
display of comfortable, if modest, homes for residents who are justly in
love with the sunny and gentle picturesqueness of the country.

The majority of the lakes are drained by Clinton river, although (|uite
a large number in the western and southwestern parts of the county are

HISTORY OF OAKLAND COUNTIY 3

bound together liy the Huron, while some in the nortliwestern portions
find an outlet through the Shiawassee river and thence into Saginaw
bay. A few lakes in Bloomfield and West Bloomfield townships are also
drained through the Rouge river.

Most of the lakes in Oakland county have picturesque, irregular
shores, with gravelly beaches, and in the early days were almost wholly
encompassed by forests of the American larch, or tamarack. Although
these have necessarily been thinned out by both the farmer and the home
seeker, they remain in the condensed form of hardy and shady groves
and some of the smaller islands are still (|nite thickly clad in pine and
cedar.

Remarkable Natural Phenomenon

A somewhat curious natural phenomenon is noticed in several of the
Oakland county lake§, particularly in Cass and Walled Lake, the latter
lying mostly in Novi township, southwest of West Bloomfield. Refer-
ence is made to the action of the ice which seems to expand from the
center and force the sand, gravel and trees back toward the precipitous
banks a few rods from the water. By this action immense piles of these
materials are forced for some distance from the margin, where they are
left high and dry after the ice has disappeared in the spring. Walled
lake is a beautiful body of clear water covering about one square mile,
and this action has gone on in that locality so long that in places along
its shores a regular wall appears to have been erected by the hand of
man. At Walled lake, also, the deposition of bowlders is of quite remark-
able extent and compactness.

Some years ago, David Ward, who had a farm on the shores of Cass
lake, and other competent investigators, carefully looked into this matter.
The consensus of opinion was this : During the most intense of the freez-
ing weather the ice sometimes accumulates on the surface of the water
to the thickness of two feet or more. This, under atmospheric changes,
expands from the center toward the margin of the lake with a force, in
the case of Walled lake, to move bowlders several tons in weight. Along
the southeast shore of Cass lake this action is distinctly marked, a per-
manent embankment having been formed parallel with the water. Along
the eastern shore of Orchard lake there is a broad ridge of lake sand, un-
^doubtedly formed by the same action, and in places overgrown by scatter-
ing forest trees.

A very careful examination of the phenomenon at Walled lake seems
to substantiate the following propositions : During the geological Drift
period a large deposit of bowlders accumulated along the western margin
of the lake, and extended a long distance into the water, and on this was
formed the sand bar which extends into the lake for some sixty or eighty
rods. Near the center of the wall-like ridge the ground is some ten feet
above the surface of the lake, and here the ridge is wanting; but trend-
ing north and south from this high land the slope is gentle until the ridge
lies but a few feet above the surface. The soil of this vicinity is filled
with bowlders of various sizes, some being perhaps from one to three
tons in weight. The expansive action of the heavy ice has operated to
simply crowd the surface bowlders together; the movement operates

4 HISTORY Ul' OAKLAND COUNTY

precisely like the pushing of sand or gravel before a scraper or board,
driven sidewise against it — it ])i4es up and forms a ridge. The bowlders
are driven together in this way by an action continued for centuries per-
haps, and the result is the curious wall, about which so much has been
written and conjectured. Anyone who has even a superficial knowledge
of geology will understand when it is stated that it is a glacial moraine
on a small scale.

Sylvan lake, already briefly mentioned, was formerly called Timber
lake, and along its shores are some of the most popular resorts for Pon-
tiac people in the county.

The L.\ke Orion Region

Outside of the chains stretching for miles to the west of that city none
has a wider popularity as a rendezvous for those who enjoy good boat-

At L.\ke Orio.n

ing, fishing and general out-door ])lcasures than Lake Orion. Detroit
and Flint, as well as I'ontiac and neighboring towns in the northeastern
]xu-t of the county, send thither their contributions of resorters. T'.ellevue.
sometimes caller Assembly island, is nearly in the center of the lake, and
forms a beautiful spot for summer homes, with which its shores are lined.
As the region around and in Lake (^rion was one of the first to be de-
veloped, a somewhat detailed history of the improvements in that vicinity
is allowable.

As soon as the Detroit \' r>ay City Railniad, which runs along its
shore, was completed, the region, with Lake ()rion as its center, became
frequented by pleasure parties from Detroit and other cities. About that
time E. R. Emmons improved a natural park on the north shore of the

HISTORY OF OAKLAND COUNTiY 5

lake, which was used largely for picnic purposes. In 1874 he placed a
small steamer, the "Little Dick," on the lake, and excursions were run to
this park and many other islands of the lake. The same year a party of
speculators purchased one of the finest of these islands and formed them-
selves into what is known as the Orion Park Association. A bridge con-
necting the island with the mainland, a large reception hall with an observ-
atory, a wharf and boathouse for "Little Dick," and other improvements
and attractions were inaugurated and completed, which gave the Lake
Orion region quite a wide reputation among the really popular summer
resorts of southern Michigan. In 181)9 the Lake Orion Assembly Resort
was organized, which practically purchased all the lake front. The com-
pany erected fine Iniildings, hotels and boathouses, and for ten years
operated a Chautauqua on quite an extensive scale. In 1910 the Lake
Orion Summer Homes Company succeeded by purchase to the assets of
the Assembly Resort. Twenty-one islands controlled by the manage-
ment of the resort give ample assurance of seclusion and privacy to those
who wish to go into retreat in vacation days, rather than mingle with
the crowds of enthusiastic pleasure seekers, and cottages are for hire on
all these little beauty spots for those who are not attracted by hotel life.
Many of the homes are owned by regular summer visitors, and the Lake
Orion Summer Homes Company lias done much for the upbuilding of
the place through its plan of building homes to suit the owner. Lake
Orion offers many natural advantages which alone would make it a most
pleasant summering spot, and the extensive improvements wrought
by the company which controls the amusement project have well com-
pleted what nature had so fairly begun.

Northeast of the Lake Orion region in Addison township is also
Lakeville lake, with Leonard as the nearest village in this developing
section of summer resorts. Deer lake in Indejiendence township and
almost in Clarkson village has lately sjirung into considerable notice, while
Mace Day lake and Windiate park, in Waterford township, have been for
years the resting places of numerous resorters.

SiTMMER Resort 1'"i-:.\tuki-:s

Most of the jjeauliful lakes of Oaklaml county are readily accessilile
by means of cither the Detroit United Electric Railway or the Grand
Trunk lines. The country roads are, as a rule, well built and kept in
good repair, and, in all seasonable weather, automoliiiists are much in
evidence. The season of the summer resorters in Oakland county com-
mences early and lasts well into October, which makes both summer
homes and hotels profitable. This fact ensures reasonable rents and
steady income. While there are no mammoth hotels, such as are found
at short-season resorts, there is an al)undance of fair-sized jiostelries and
comfortable boarding houses.

Reference has been made to Oakland county as a favorite of the auto-
mobilist, on account of its good roads. He himself should i)e given full
credit for liringing about this improvement over the old order. .\nd he
has been given his due. as witness the following from a metropolitan
sheet: "The advent of tiie auldmobilc has tended greatly to spread the

6 HISTORY OF OAKLAND COUNTY

knowledge of Oakland county lakes. Picforc the automobile came into
general use few people were aUe to get about the country to see what it
contained. With the automobile, came the tendency toward good roads.
Although at the present time many roads of the county are still in bad
shape, they are all being gradually improved and a number are in excel-
lent condition. In time there will be perfect automobile roads around
the larger lakes of the country and between Detroit and Pontiac, which
will undoubtedly mean that Oakland's lakes will l)e even more popular
than they are at i)resent."

Tr.\nsport.\tion Facilties

As stated, the transportation facilities of the county are, on the whole,
excellent, and how they have been gradually jjrovided is well told in a
booklet issued, more than ten years ago, by Joseph E. Sawyer, who is
one of the foremost citizens, as he has been for years past, in the special
development of Oakland county property which is being traced in this
chapter: "The importance of good roads and other facilities for trans-
porting to market the products of the soil was early appreciated by the
settlers of Oakland county, and Clinton river was improved and rendered
navigable from Mount Clemens to Rochester by the Clinton River Nav-
igation Company, organized in 1827. This company carried on business
several years, but was unable to compete with the Detroit & Pontiac
Railroad Company chartered in 1834. This railroad was first built from
Detroit to Royal Oak and operated by horsepower. It was continued to
Birmingham in 1839 and steam power introduced, which was a notable
event in the history of the state. The road was extended to Pontiac in

1843.

"Other and better roads succeeded these ]5rimitive afifairs. so that up
to the time when the electric roads appeared Oakland county considered
herself very well supplied. In the last few years, however, her advant-
ages in this respect have been very much increased. The first electric
road in the county was the Pontiac & Sylvan Lake, which ran its cars
about Pontiac and'as far out as Sylvan lake. This was soon followed by
the Detroit & Pontiac, named from its terminals and affording twenty-
minute service between them. In addition to this, the Detroit & North-
western has for some time been running cars out Grand River avenue to
Sand Hill ^^ and will soon be extended to Pontiac by way of Farmington,
and Orchard Lake. The Detroit, Rochester, Romeo & Lake Orion has
been completed to Rochester, and right-of-way has lieen obtained for three
more — the Pontiac & Flint, the Pontiac & Orion, and the Pontiac & Alil-
ford. It is probable that not only these but others will in a short time
extend through the entire county, connecting its towns and rich farming
districts with the markets at Detroit and other cities.

"P.ut it will not be the farmers alone who will be benefited by the
imjiroved facilities for transportation. Many bu.sy city people will have
reason to be thankful for the ease with which they may reach the lakes
and the delightful scenery of the famous country.

"The Indians were always admirers of the beautiful in nature, and

* It should be remembered that this was written in 1899. The prophecies herein
made have been more than verified.

HISTORY OF OAKLAND COUNTY 7

the lake district of Oakland was their favorite resort. The great chief,
Pontiac, honored it by choosing it as the place of his lodge and retired
hither after his repulse at the siege of Detroit. The prosperous city
which bears his name, numerous thriving villages and cultivated farms
now occupy the hunting ground of the Indian, but art has not entirely
usurped the bower of nature."

As A F.VRMING AND LiVE StOCK ReGION

Thirty years ago Oakland county was, in many respects, the leading
agricultural and horticultural section of interior Michigan. That this
statement is not made at liaphazard is evident from the following extracts
taken from an authoritative history of Oakland county : "Oakland county
stands deservedly high in its agricultural productions, though its apparent
standing as comparecl with other counties in the state is largely owing to
its greater area, it being the largest in the lower peninsula with the ex-
ception of Sanilac, which is comparatively a new county with a much
larger proportion of waste land. In the production of wheat for 1873
it ranked third. Calhoun and Washtenaw exceeding it. In the raising
of Indian corn it stood sixth, the counties exceeding it being Calhoun.
Hillsdale. Jackson, Lenawee and Washtenaw. In all other grains it
ranked first, and in the production of potatoes it also stood at the head.
In the number of tons of hay cut it ranked third, Jackson and Lenawee
only exceeding it. In wool it was second to Washtenaw ; in cheese and
butter second to Lenawee, and in pork ninth on the list."

In the acreage of orchards Oakland county was second, with twelve
thousand, nine hundred and thirty-two acres, in 1873, Berrien having
fourteen thousand. It led in the production of apples — five hundred and
seventeen thousand, six hundred and forty-two Inishels for the year ; also
in cherries, eight thousand, four hundred and fifteen bushels: and was
second only to Wayne county in melons and garden vegetables, its yearly
record being fifty-five thousand, two hundred and three bushels. The total
value of all its fruits and garden vegetables, $184,884, made it fifth in
the state, in this regard, being exceeded by Berrien, Hillsdale, Lenawee,
and Wayne.

As to live stock at this time, Oakland county stood first in the numlier
of horses produced and second in milch cows and sheep.

Fe.\tures of the Transport ation

It requires no very astute business man to understand what this de-
velopment of farm and even waste lands into sites for summer resorts
and homes has meant for the material advancement of the Oakland
county property owner. It has brought hundreds of thousands of dol-
lars into the county, advanced numerous small farmers into prosperous
land owners, furnished employment to an army of artisans, made of the
entire country a region of beauty thickly studded with homesteatls. and
assured the stranger who comes to invest in new enterprises that he and
his family shall be surrounded by the fresh influences of nature as well
as modern comforts and advantages. The means for much of this splen-

8 HISTORY Ol' OAKLAND COUNTY

did flevclo]iment has come from tlie outside ; wherein has arisen the
danger that the home [seople may eventually lose much of the real and
ultimate ailvantage of the transformation.

This thought is brought out in the following from the Funtiac I'rcss-
Gacette: "There was a time when the advantages of Oakland county
lakes were not appreciated and people did not enjoy what nature had
offered, but in recent years they have awakened to the possibilities and
each year sees more cottages and more iseople spending the summer
months on the shore of some lake. The lakes are so near Detroit, and
the metro])olis of Michigan is so conveniently connected with the larger
lakes by electric lines that Detroit people have not been slow to sec the
advantages, and many Detroiters now own homes at the lakes and s])cnd
their summers there.

"Frequently the thought has come to I'ontiac people that this city is
making a mistake in not reserving a substantial piece of ground at one
of the near-by lakes where a natural park and playground might be
located. Scarcely realizing that an opportunity is slipping away, the city
is watching private parties step in and buy all the available lake shore,
and in time the jjublic may be entirely excluded and will be deprived of
the enjoyment the lakes afford. Not a few of the smaller lakes of the
county are owned by private individuals who keep them stocked with fish
and allow no one to fish therein without permission. A few wealthj' men
have purchased enough land around some of the lakes to form fine estates
and have built beautiful homes to grace the shores."

CHAPTER 11

GENERAL PHYSICAL FEATURES

Surface and Elevations — Immense Drift and Formations Beneath
— Soil and Climate — The Surface Geology of Oakland County.

Oakland is one of the extreme southeastern counties of southern
Michigan, in the third tier of counties from the Ohio boundary, and lies
northwest of Wayne county and Detroit. As it is nine hundred square
miles in area, it is among the largest of the counties in this section of
the state. Physically, it forms the water-shed between the headwaters
of the Clinton, Huron, Rouge and Shiawassee rivers, which ilrain into
Lake St. Clair, Detroit river, Lake Erie and .^aginaw ba) .

Surface and Elevations

The surface of Oakland county is comparatively level, although the
land lies far enough above the numerous lakes to make the country re-
markably healthful. In various sections the surface is broken by great
deposits of sand, gravel and bowlders, especially near these bodies of
water, but the highest hills and ridges are found, as a rule, in the town-
ships which least abound in lakes. The most considerable of these eleva-
tions are located along the northeastern border of Pontiac township, in
the southwestern corner of Independence near Waterford. in the western
portions of Waterford township and in Highland townshi]).

Bald mountain, lying partly in the northeastern portion of Pontiac
and the southeastern part of Orion is generally considered the highest
point of land in the county — that is, five hundred and twenty-nine feet
above Lake Michigan — although there is some dis])ute among surveyors
as to whether the highest elevation may not really be a little to the north
of that locality. The most pronounced ridge is, of course the water-shed
of the Clinton, Huron, and Shiawassee rivers, which passes through the
county diagonally, crossing the townships of .\ddison, Oxford, Brandon,
Independence, Springfield, White Lake, Commerce, West Bloomfield,
Novi and Lyon ; spurs are thrown out into Pontiac, Groveland, Rose,
Highland and Milford. There are also collections of considerable eleva-
tions, some of thcni (|uite abrupt, in Bloomfield townshiji.

10 HISTORY OF OAKLAND COUNTY

Immense Drift and Formations Beneath

Geologically considered, Oakland county belongs to the Drift period.
Its water courses nowhere cut through the immense alluvial deposits of
sand, gravel and bowlders, to the rocks beneath. No minerals are known
to exist, except possibly in isolated sections mingled with tlie drift.

The rock formations underlying the drift all belong to the Carboni-
ferous system. The coal measures are supposed to underlie a fraction
of the county northwest of Holly. Jjelow them comes tlie Palma sand-
stone, which reaches a little further into the county; next lower, the Car-
boniferous limestone, with a still greater area; deeper still, the Michigan
salt group, wdiich is supposed to underlie about two-fifths of the county ;
then the Marshall sandstone grouji, believed to underlie the entire county ;
and lastly, the Huron group, which extends beyond Oakland county into
adjoining districts.

Borings in the northwest corner of the county would penetrate all of
these formations, while in the southeast corner only the Huron group
will be found. The center of this geological basin would be near the line
between Gratiot and ^Midland counties, where the dip of the underlying
strata is probably the deepest ; thence gradually rising toward the margin
of the basin. Fossils of various forms are found in the drift of Oakland
county.

The following information is condensed from the last report of the
Weather Bureau for the section known officially as Eastern Lower Mich-
igan, being especially applicable to Oakland county: In this section there
are two high areas of land, the northern covering most of Otsego, Craw-
ford and Roscommon counties. In the southern portion there is another
elevated area covering much of Jackson, Washtenaw and Hillsdale
counties ; this elevation includes the sources of the Grand, Kalamazoo,
St. Joseph and Raisin rivers. A part of this elevated area extends north-
eastward into Oakland county and contains the headwaters of the Huron,
Rouge, and Clinton rivers. A comparatively low belt of land, extend-
ing from Saginaw bay to the lower valley of the Grand river, separates
these elevations. The greater part of the drainage is into Lake Huron,
Lake St. Clair or Lake Erie, although a portion finds its way to Lake
Michigan through the Manistee, ]\Iuskegon, and Grand rivers.

Soil and Climate

The soil is varied in character. In the southern portion it is fertile
and well adapted to growing grains, grasses and fruits. In its original
state the land was covered with forests — of hard wood in the southern
portion and chiefly pine in the northern.

The yearly precipitation averages between thirty and thirty-five inches,
although there are limited areas where the yearly amount averages be-
tween twenty-five and thirty inches. It is well distril)uted throughout
the year, but is slightly greater during the s])ring and summer than dur-
ing other seasons. In the northern portion the winter snowfall is hcavv
and the ground remains covered during most of the winter, the accumu-
lated depth of snow being often from two to three feet. In the south-

HISTORY OF OAIvLAND COUNTY 11

ern portion the snowfall is less and is apt to be melted by warm or rainy
weather, so that during most years the ground is bare during part of the
winter season

The southern tier of townships is mostly a plain, without even ridges,
and has only one of the four hundred and fifty lakes of the county with-
in its borders. In several localities are found extensive tracts of level
land, such as those around Orion and Oxford villages, the Sash-a-baw
plain in Independence, the Drayton plains in Waterford, and the White
Lake plains lying in the townships of Springfield, White Lake, Highland
and Rose.

The general surface of Oakland county is elevated from three to four
hundred feet above the water-level of the great lakes.

The climate is substantially that which prevails over southern Mich-
igan — a climate whose temperature is lowered by the pronounced eleva-
tion of its surface, as well as by its proximity to the deep, cool waters of
Lake Huron; but it is neither as warm in summer nor as cold in winter
as in regions adjacent to Lake Michigan. The average summer temper-
ature for Pontiac is seventy-two degrees, and is nearly the same as that
of southern Ohio, the districts around the lower end of Lake Michigan
and at Ottawa (Illinois), one hundred and fifty miles south of Saginaw.

The winter temperature of Pontiac is about twenty degrees, which
is somewhat colder than other places in the same latitude in Michigan,
being the same as Mackinaw in the extreme north of the lower peninsula.
All the climatic conditions, like those of elevation and drainage, are firm
guarantees of health and physical vigor, and form another practical rea-
son why Oakland county is so admirably adapted to the founding of
homes and the prolonged life and happiness of the individual.

As to vegetation, owing to the comparatively cool temperature it is
somewhat backward, but as the soil of the county is generally of a sandy
loam, the heat of the summer months is rapidly absorbed and the advance
is rapid. The autumn is usually agreeable and frosts are uncommon be-
fore October. Both the climate and the soil of the county are particularly
favorable for the growth of wheat, and for all small grains ; it goes with-
out saving that most of the fruits are readily raised. But the agricultural
interests have been mostly crowded out by the developments which have
brought the county into the front rank of Alichigan's residential districts.
One exception must be made to this statement. Her dairy interests are
still large and growing, particularly in the southern plain districts, with
Farmington as their center.

The Surf.vce Geology of Oakl.\nd County

By Aaron Perry.

The most interesting as well as the most obvious feature of the sur-
face geology of Oakland county is the great body of glacial drift over-
lying the bed rock of the whole county. This drift is mostly unstratified,
or only locally and discordantly stratified. It is from one hundred to
five hundred feet or more deep, dependi