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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL
GENEALOG^Y COLLECTION

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

3 1833 00825 3699

History of Pasadena

COMPRISING

An Account of the Native Indian, the Early Spanish, the
Mexican, the American, the Colony, and
THE Incorporated City

OCCUPANCIES OF THE

Rancho San Pasoual, and its Adjacent Mountains, Canyons, Waterfalls,

AND Other Objects of Natural, Artificial, Old

/
Historic, or Modern Interest :

Being a Complete and Comprehensive Histo-cyclopedia of all Matters

Pertaining to this Region ; with Copious

Index for Reference.

By Hiram a. Reid, a. M., M. D.

\2/r ILLUSTRATED.

PASADENA, CAL :
P.\SADENA History Company, Publishers.

1S9.=>.

Copyright 1W15.
By Hiram A. Reid.

Press of

Kin(;slev-Baknes & Nkunek Co.

Los Angeles, Cal.

1S52887

. , THRESHOLD REMARKS.

Genesis. — How it came about that this History was written. — List of books specially
examined. — The Bicycle Episode. — Friendly favors acknowledged.

THE START.

Before entering the Hahamog-na doorway to this Pantheon of Pasadena
hi.story, the reader will please take a cosy rustic seat in the roseshaded sun-
shinyness of our front porch for a few minutes, while I relate the history of
the Historj^ — or how this history project originated, and how this book came
to be written.

January 14, 1894, I went to lyOS Angeles to deliver before the Science
Association of Southern California my report on the Geology of the Pasadena
Mountains. In the same car with me was W. H. Knight, Esq., president
of the Association, and auditor of the Mount lyowe Electric Railway Co.,
who was then also secretary of the Pasadena Board of Trade. In conversa-
tion as we rode together I pointed out from the car window some places and
;;^iObjects which had interesting historic associations, and some places of scien-
\tific interest. These things enlisted his earnest attention ; and finally he said :

' ' There must be a great deal of interesting history connected with Pasa-
dena and its vicinity which ought to be preserved. It is passing away, and
in a few years will be lost beyond recovery; somebody ought to collect it and
write it up in a book."

"Yes," I answered, " that is true ; but it would require so much time

and painstaking labor to do the work reliably that no publisher could afford

^to undertake the enterprise. The work would necessarily be local in its

scope, and hence of such limited sale that he would certainly lose money on

it."

But Mr. Knight thought the financial difficulty could be met by a sub-

. scription plan, and continued : "Why can't you do it? You're just the man

! for it. ' '

'. To this I replied, that I probably knew better than any one else here

what a protracted and arduous undertaking it would be, if done with such
thoroughness as to make it worth the doing ; and my health was too feeble
and precarious for me to think of entering upon so great a task. But he
was still earnest, and urged that it oughl to be done, and that I could do it
better than anybody else.

On returning home I told my wife about this conversation with Mr.
Knight. She chimed right in with Mr. Knight's suggestion ; said there
wasn't anybody else here who could do it as well as I could. "Yes, and I
can help you with the typewriter," she added quite enthusiasticall)^

In order to show her how much greater a task it would be than she

4 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

thought of, I penciled a schedule of points and topics that would have to be
covered, data to be' gathered, old books and records to be hunted up, pioneer
settlers and old Spanish people interviewed, scientific research in and about
Pasadena pushed much farther than had ever yet been done, etc. But,
nothing daunted, she still said that I could do it all better than anybody
else ; and she' d help me ; she'd take care of the chickens herself, and do all
the housework, and look after the yard, and attend to the grandchildren alone,
etc. , so I could have my time ; and I could have the east bedroom for an office ;
and so on, and so on — oh, so easy seems such a job to one who has not
delved in its trenches of difficulty.

A few days later I saw my intimate friend, H. N. Fare)-, who has more
practical knowledge on the details of book-printing than any other man in
this community, and in course of conversation I told him what had been
said by Mr. Knight and Mrs. Reid on this matter. He studied a bit, and
then said energetically, ''If sago! you're the very man to do it ! Why,
you've made a good start on it already ! that schedule of what would have
to be done is a first-rate beginning of the work ! Why, you have com-
menced the thing already ! And you have more material already on hand,
or know where and how to find it, than an}^ half-dozen other men in Pasa-
dena ! Yes, siR-R-R, it's a GO ! "

Mr. Farey knew' of my poor health, but said I was tough, and could
work along by laying off a day or two at a time when specially severe sick
spells overtook me. And the financial part, he thought, could be worked
up all right.

Next, I talked with Hon. P. M. Green and B. F. Ball about it. Mr.
Green's first thought was that Pasadena was too young a city to have much
of a histor}^ yet. Then, as he thought of the Indian occupation here, and
the Spanish occupation, and the American occupation prior to the "Indiana
Colony, ' ' and the many features of scientific interest, and the rapid succes-
sion of notable events here since Pasadena commenced to be a village — he
exclaimed, ' ' Wh}-, yes ! it grows upon me as I think of it ! There is, in-
deed, a great field of history here." And they two concurred in the idea
that a liook of history to cover all the ground ought to be written now,
while some of the oldest settlers are still living ; and I was the right man to
do it. Then I talked with F. R. Harris, and Henry G. Bennett, and James
Cambell, and others about it, and they were very heartily of the same
opinion.

I still feared that on account of failing health I would not be able to
carry the work to completion. Nevertheless, trusted friends advised the
effort, and offered helpful assistance. A stock company was suggested. But
I felt that if anybody took stock in it as a financial venture, there would
be a pressure upon me to hurry it through — and this would sacrifice the
method of slow, plodding, persevering, patient, steady search and research,

THRESHOI.D REMARKS. $

writing and re-writing, to the mere commercial idea of getting our money
back with profits, as soon as possible. This latter plan is what has made so
many of the ' ' county histories ' ' gotten up all over the country prove to be a
fraud, and brought the local historj^ business into disrepute. I said I must
be perfectly free and untrammeled to take a// the time I may find necessary
to do and undo and re-do the work, till I feel sure that bedrock facts have
been reached, on the different matters of historic interest to be set forth —
for there will be mistakes enough, even after the best endeavor has been
made to avoid them. And if thirty or forty citizens would aid me a little
for the necessary incidental expenses, such as explanatory circulars, inquiry
blanks, postage, stationery, horse hire for research trips, etc., I would
undertake the task. The question was raised, suppose I should not live to
complete it ? I replied that those who aided me would have whatever
manuscript and material I had accumulated, and could probably then get
some one else to complete it. Accordingly, an advance pledge note was
prepared, payable in 20 per cent, installments, to aid me in the matters
mentioned ; and these notes were signed by P. M. Green, B. F. Ball, F. R.
Harris, H. G. Bennett, Henry N. Farey, W. U. Masters, Wm. R. Staats,
R. H. Finney, J. A. Jacobs, T. J. Martin, M. D. Painter, P. G. Wooster,
James Smith, Benj. M. Page, James Cambell, T. P. lyukens, W. J. Barcus,
Ci C. Brown, Geo. T. Downing. Geo. V. Kernaghan, Oscar Freeman, Delos
Arnold, John McDonald, C. M. Simpson, Wm. H. Knight, F.J. Woodbury,
W. K. Arthur, G. Roscoe Thomas, A. K. McQuilling, D. J. Macpherson,
lyUcy F. Wilson, Jeanne C. Carr, J. W. Wood. All amounts thus prepaid
were to apply on the price of one or more copies of the book when printed.
So that was the origin of this History of Pasadena, and how it
came about that I undertook the preparation of the volume. In pursuance
of the work I have examined with care the follovving books which con-
tained more or less points of incidental linkage with Pasadena history :

LIST OF works consulted.

Centennial History of Los Angeles County. By Col. J. J. Warner,
Judge Hayes, and Dr. J. P. Widney. 1876.

Publications of the I^os Angeles County Historical Society.

Lewis's History Los Angeles County and Biographical Register. 1889.

.Southern California. By T. S. Van Dyke of San Diego. Fords, How-
ard & Hurlbert, N. Y. 1886.

California of the South. By Drs. Widney and Lindley of Los Angeles.
D. Appleton & Co., N. Y. 1888.

A Southern California Paradise. By Rev. R. W. C. Farnsworth. 1883.

All About Pasadena. By C. F. Holder. 1888.

The Highlands of Pasadena. By C. F. Holder. H. S. Crocker & Co.,
San Francisco. i88q.

6 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

To and Fro, Up and Down, in Sonthern California. By Emma H.
Adams. 1888. [Specially full of errors on historical matters.]

Reminiscences of a Ranger. By Maj . Horace Bell of Los Angeles. 1881.

Mediterranean Shores of America ; Southern California Climatology,
etc. By P. C. Redondino, M. D. 1872. [A good work.]

A Tour of Duty in California. By Joseph Revere. Published in Bos-
ton. 1849. [Grandson of the famous Paul Revere.]

Two Years Before the Mast. By R. H. Dana. Published in Boston.
1846. [Experiences in California in 1835-36.]

Native Races of the Pacific Coast. By H. H. Bancroft. 1S83.

History of California — with .Pioneer Register. By H. H. Bancroft.
Seven volumes. Published in 1883 to 1886.

California Geological Reports, Vol. I. Prof. J. D. Whitney. Pub-
lished in 1865.

Elements of Geology. By Prof. Joseph EeConte, of the State Univer-
sity of California.

Reports of State Mineralogist. Successive years.

California Blue Book. Edition of 1891.

Archaeological Reports of the Smithsonian Institute. 1S80.

The Mountains of California. By John Muir. Century Co., N.Y. 1894.

Our Switzerland-Italy. By Prof. G. Wharton James. 1892.

Fremont's Memoirs, Vol. I. 1887.

Man and the Glacial Period. By Prof. Geo. Frederick Wright. D.
Appleton & Co., N. Y. 1892.

Eife in California. [1829 to 1845.] By Alfred Robinson. Published
in New York, 1846.

Annals of San Francisco and History of California. D. Appleton &
Co., New York. 1854.

Eife of Col. Fremont. By Bigelow. Derby & Jackson, New York.
1856.

Early Days and Men of California. By W. F. Swasey. San Francisco.
1 89 1. [Capt. Swasey was a member of Col. Fremont's famous California
Battalion, and he shows up the meanness, injustice and misrepresentation of
Bancroft's history toward Fremont.]

OccidentaE Sketches. By Maj. Ben C. Truman. San Francisco. 1881.
[Major Truman was for some years an editor and news reporter in Eos
Angeles, then in San Francisco; but in 1895 he is editing a weekly paper
called Tlie Capital at Eos Angeles.]

Old Californian Days. By James Steele. Chicago. 1889. [Uses the
term South California instead of Southern California. Right.]

History of California. By John Frost. Hurst & Co., New York.

Sixty Years in CaUfornia. [1831 to 1889.] By Wm. Heath Davis.
San Francisco. 1889.

THRESHOLD REMARKS. 7

History of Los Angeles County. By J. Albert "Wilson. Published by
Thompson & West. 1880. [This is altogether the best " County History"
yet gotten up here.]

California. By Josiah Royce. Houghton, Miflin & Co., Boston. 1886.
[Partisan against Col. Fremont.]

History of California. Two volumes. By Theodore H. Hittell. San
Francisco. 1885. [This is on the whole the fairest and best history of
the State yet published.]

Tourists' Guide Book to Southern California. By G. Wharton James,
F. R. A. S. Baumgardt & Co., Los Angeles. 1895. [This work uses the
name South California instead of Southern California, all the way through
— a new feature which I heartily commend.]

Board of Trade pamphlets. Different years.

Bound volumes of the weekly Pasadena Union, 1884-85-86.

Bound volumes of the Pasadena Daily Star.

Stitched volumes of the Pasadena Standard.

Record Books of the City Clerk.

Record Books of the City Recorder.

Record Books of the San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, the origi-
nal Pasadena colony, or "Indiana colony," as it was commonly called.

Record Books of the Pasadena Land and Water Co.

Special articles local to California, in leading magazines of both the
Atlantic and Pacific coast; bound volumes of the Overland Monthly, Atlantic
Monthly, Harper's Monthly, Popular Science Monthly, Illustrated Califor-
nian, the Century Magazine, and others of lesser note.

Notes of a Military Reconnoissance," etc., by Major W. H. Emory, of
U. S. topographical engineers, 1846-47. Washington : 30th congress, ist
session. Senate. Executive document No. 7. [This gives maps, diagrams,
descriptions, etc., of three battles in California ; but I did not find this work
until Stephen Foster showed it to me, after my Chapter IV. was printed.
[Seepage 102 1^.] Maj. Emory says: "We saw the Mexicans place /^«r
pieces of artillery on the hill, so as to command the passage " [at San Gab-
riel river.] See forward, page 93.

THE BICYCLE EPISODE.
In pursuance of my work I found it necessary to go many times to ex-
amine natural objects, to consult old settlers, to procure documents or books,
to authenticate localities by name, and for many points and particulars which
it was needful I should know from personal investigation and not merely
from hearsay, in order to write understandingly about them. I could not
afford to keep a horse for making such trips ; and walking proved very soon
that it was too slow and tiresome for me. I was past sixty years old, and had
never strode a bicycle in my life — but now I needed to learn the new trick.

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

It was ' ' business. " So I procured a bicycle — and then the ' ' wild west ' '
circus commenced. But I conquered the thing in due time, and the follow-
ing article from the Daily Star of May 12, 1894, I quote both for the humor
of it and because it is a part of the ' ' history of the History ' ' :

" The Star reporter who has been watching Dr. Reid's sexagenarian ex-
periments with a fiery, untamed bicycle says "it's ago," at last ; and he
won't tell of the hundred or more throws the new rider got — nor of the
trees, fences and gutters that might have brought an action for assault and
battery ; nor how he ran into a horse and buggy with three ladies in it, when
nobody could tell whether the horse, the ladies or the flopped-over doctor were
most frightened; nor how he ran into Arnold's milk wagon and scared
the milk into curd cheese. Final success wipes out all the little erraticisms
of cranky inexperience, even for a man over sixty years old ; and as a con-
clusion of the whole matter, our reporter captured the following humorous
document recently read before the Fortnightly Club :

SPINNING WHEEI.S.

BY DR. H. A. REID.

[I was in some doubt as to whether this poem s^hould eo to the Historical Society, the Science Aspo-
ciation, or the Bicycle Club, but I finally concluded that the Throe p Po yte-chnist> would probably classify
it as an evolutional sport in Biocyclology— sub-class Pedo economics. This would account for the ZJaz/y
Star's recent squib about my bicycle experiments ; hence I present it here.]

Our grandmas had their spinning wheels
And made them spin like fun,

With treadle going up and down
To make the spindle run.

But this was in "ye olden time,"

Before the factories came
With patent spinning jacks to beat

The women's fast-work fame.

Each spin-wheel then was stored away

In dingy garret room,
To wait some new fad of the world

Which might unseal its doom.

And it has come; for now our girls
Go spinning through the street

With wheels that run as Grandma's did,
By treadles for the feet.

On two wheels now instead of one

The spinning whirl is done ;
Their grandmas did it for day's work ;

They do it just for fun.

And likewise, even gray old men
Have caught up this new prank ;

From grandma's spin-wheel made a " bike,"
And learned to pump the crank.

Our grandma's spinned at home, the yarn
From their deft fingers twirled :

But now the biker boys and girls
Go spinning round the world.

The problem next is, how to save
The waste force thus evolved ? —

Put wind-up springs upon the wheels,
And lo, the problem's solved.

For when you've springs enough wound up,

Gear them in gangs, and run
A motor street car at less cost

Than ever yet t'was done.

Or start a plant to generate

Electric light and heat
To serve for evening lamps at home,

And cook your bread and meat.

This scheme will prove our spinning wheels

In true worth not unlike
The wheels our grandmas used to tread,

And so commend the " bike."

I found the bicycle wonderfully helpful in ray work, and also of some
benefit to my health b}^ the exhilarating exercise it gave me.

On January 24, 1895, Mrs. Reid had the misfortune to get her arm
broken. This of course was unavoidably a great hindrance and drawback
to our history work — stopping it entirely for a while, and embarrassing it in
some measure all the rest of the time. However, we lost no time lamenting,
but went on with the task as best we could, to its final conclusion.

THRESHOLD REMARKS. 9

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF FAVORS.

I am under obligation for special favors and assistance to many
persons in getting nay work as complete as it is, and I wish to make open
acknowledgment in the case. Judge B. S. Eaton has very kindly and gen-
erously written out for me many matters of early history which no other
living person could tell about. Dr. J. W. Wood loaned me a whole year
of his bound volumes of the Pasadena and Valley Union of 1884-85-86 —
the only copies in existence ; and it being the only local newspaper here in
those years, was the prime authority for dates and data on many historical
matters of the transition time from colony to city, that could not to be
found elsewhere. I am indebted to H. N. Farey for the valuable table of
Pasadena corporations, which he carefully compiled for me from the county
records ; besides many other matters in which he generously aided me.
Arturo Bandini and wife, and Mrs. Bandini's mother, Mrs. Dr. EUiott, have
aided me with loan of books ; with suggestion of books and magazine
articles that I needed to see ; with translation of Spanish documents and
Spanish terms ; with documents and data of the original " Indiana colony,"
and of the true origin of the name Pasadena — documents not obtainable
but from them. Prof. A. J. McClatchie furnishes me the results of his years
of research on the native flora of this region. [See chapter 32, on Botany.]
Young Joseph Grinnell gives me the first publication of his complete list of
native Pasadena birds. [See chapter 31, on Zoology.] J. B. French has
assisted me very much in my researches on the glaciology of this region.
James H. Cambell furnished me early in 1894, one of his official record
maps of Pasadena city, with all her sub-divisions, streets, city lots, adjacent
lands, etc., — a favor exceedingly helpful for identifying streets, land tracts,
and other local points. And Byron O. Kendall, from his extensive real
estate, insurance, loan and collection agency at 49 E. Colorado street, has
furnished as his contribution to the book the very convenient reference map
folded in at page 16. P. G. Wooster, Wesley Bunnell and Thomas F.
Croft have taken special pains to furnish me with memoranda of events in
the colony time, from their diaries ; and Mr. Croft loaned rae for citation the
only complete abstract of title of Rancho San Pasqual [after the Garfias
patent of 1863] known to be in existence. Mrs. J. De Barth Shorb loaned
me the unpublished MSS. autobiography of her father, Hon. B. D. Wilson,
which he dictated the year before his death ; besides other historic docu-
ments and information furnished by herself and husband. Cha^. A. Gard-
ner, Esq., kindly gave me "the freedom of his bailiwick" for frequent
research in the bound volumes of the Pasadena Daily Star— a, favor of great
value. Messrs. Wood & Church, from their real estate office in the Masonic
Temple, furnished me with 300 copies of their valuable and interesting copy-
right birdseye map of Pasadena, showing buildings, streets, R. R. lines,
fields, mountains, canyons, toll road, etc., as folded in at page 410.

to HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The publishers of the ' ' L,and of Sunshine ' ' generously allowed me
the use of many of their half-tones and other plates, some of
which they held in special reserve and would neither lend or hire
to anybody else for the present. Photographer Geo. L,. Rose of Pasadena
and engraver Herve Friend of L,os Angeles made for me without
charge the frontispiece picture, showing myself and wife going to church on
our wheels. Heman Dyer, city clerk, and Judge J. G. Rossiter, city re-
corder, gave me every facility and convenience, for examining the city
records and archives. Prof. T. S. C. lyOwe furnished free transportation for
myself and wife over his mountain railroads, for any further investigations
we might wish to make in that region during the years 1894-95. And many
others kindly and cordially loaned me books or documents I needed ; or car-
ried me on trips to visit canyons, mines, mills, springs, ancient dams, etc. ;
also to visit the aged Spanish women at L,inda Vista bluff and San Gabriel
village. These of course were extra long or difficult trips, beyond my
strength for bicycle travel ; but for any ordinary run of one, two or three
miles, I could go on my wheel.

Everybody seemed pleased to learn of the work I had undertaken apd
glad if they could aid me in some way. It was at once pleasant, encourag-
ing and helpful to find such a general feeling of confidence and trust that I
would do the work well ; and at the same time it bore in upon me a deeper
sense of responsibility, and a keener pressure of obligation to spare no pains
for making my work of permanent value — the standard reference book and
authority on Pasadena matters, for all the years and interests covered by it.
Friends, I have done what I could. And now I respectfully submit my
work, which will reveal to you how truly Pasadena is a veritable surprise-
garden of local history.*

H. A. R.

Pasadena, Cal., 133 Mary street,
October 12, 1895.

* The following from the Z)a//r 5/a>- of September 9, 1895, I thought worth preserving as a rare
coiucidence in the " history of the History : " " The printing tis being done by the Kingsley-Barnes &
NeunerCo., and there are some curious incidents of Pasadenian associations connected with the job. Mr.
Davis, president and financier of the printing company, resides in Pasadena, and his son officiates as
copyholder for the proof-reading— while the foreman and proofreader Mr. H. K. Moles, formerly resided
in Des Moines, Iowa, and knew Dr. Reid there. Mr. Barnes, secretary of the company, is an old-time
Pasadena boy, and nephew to Thomas F. Croft. Mr. Fred Lang, vice-president of the company, and
who holds high rank as an embossing artist, was formerly a printer with H. N. Farey & Co. of Pasadena.
Mr. Blankenhorn, of Pasadena, has his photo-engraving business in the same building; and Wood &
Church have their Los Angeles branch real estate office there also. Mr. H. C. OBleness, the assistant
foreman, or "make-up," as printers say, who has the responsible task of arranging the type-pages
ready for press, is the same man who set the type of the first paper ever published in Pasadena — 7"//^
C/iro«/c/(?— started and edited by Ben E. Ward in 1S83, and printed at the Los Angeles Times office. Mr.
O'Bleness also formerly knew Dr. Reid in Des Moines, Iowa— as did also Mr. Al. Binkard, the master
pressman in charge of the press-work on this Pasadena History. And young Walter Clapp, son of I. B.
Clapp, is in charge of the stock room of this great printing house. Yet when Dr. Reid first planned to
go there to get his work done he was not aware of any of these coincidences, except that Mr. Lang was
a member of the printing company."

INDEX.

Abbreviations for Botany localities (footnote) . 6og

Abila, Dona Encarnacion 63, 97

Aborigines, Pre-Pasadenian 17

Academy of Sciences 211

Academy, The Pasadena 190

Accident, Railroad, fatal 150

Adventist Church, 7th day 493

Advent Church, ist day 494

African M. E. Church 482

Aftermath of "first things" 659

Alharabra and Pasadena Railway 439

Allendale Tract 344

Alpine Division, Mt. Lowe R. R 453

Alpine Falls 3S5

Altadena, origin of the name 342

Altadena Railroad 432

Altitudes 284, 363, 400, 453

Altruria Association 516

Amphibian Insect 603

Ancient Animals 585

Ancient Townsite on Reservoir Hill 529

Animals herewith Prehistoric Man 533, 542-3

Annals of the Schools 168

Antelope 584

Anti-saloon Agreement 243

A. O. U. W 508

A. P. A 505

Applied Christianity 494

A rchceology Collection 213

Architecture, Pasadenian 226

Army Flag made from Children's Clothes 88

Arnold, Hon. Delos, Collection 212

Arroyo Fire, A notable 153

Arroyo Seco Canyon 387

Artesian Well Borings 568

Astronomical Banquet 325

Athletic Club 526

Authorities on Plants of California 606

Authors, Pasadenian 223

B

Bacon Spring, The 352

Bacteria 608

Badger 580

Baker's Bear 146

Baker's Spring 350

Banbury, Col.'s Deer 148

Bandini, Dona Refugio's Flag 88

Bandini Family, 91 ; Bandini Avenue 353

Baud of Hope.,". 508

Banks 296

Baptist Churches 485, 486

Barley Flats 404

Bassaris, Ring-tailed 578

Battle of Cahuenga 3^3

Battle of Chino 82

Battle of Dominguez 85

Battle of Los Angeles S3

Battles in Los Angeles County, Schedule of.... 104

Battle of San Gabriel Ford 91

Battle of San Pasqual 87

Battle of "The Mesa," or Laguna Ranch 94

Bats 578

Bear Canyon 672

Bears 584, 671-2

Benefits paid by I. O. O. F., table 510

Bennett, Henrj- G 117

Berrj', D M 117

Bicycle Club 527

Bicycle Episode, Poetry, Etc 7 and 8

Birds, native, 587 ; Bird list 595

Black Jack Peak 370

Board of Trade 305, 308, 309

Boom, The Story of. 301, 307, 314

Boulder Clay 558, 570

Breaking Ground for Great Incline 409

Bridges at Devil's Gate 665

PAGE

Brick making 460

Brigden, A., killed by winery explosion 159

Brown's Canyon, 387 ; Trail 373, 671

Brown. Owen's, funeral, 322 ; grave : 373

Brown's Peak 369-70, 373, 671

Builder's Exchange 515

Building and Loan Associations 300

Bulletin, The Daily and Weekly 220

Business College, Williams's 200

Butcher Bird 594

Buzzard Cliff. 374

c

Califoruia Entomology [book] 604

Cannery burned 152

Cannon, The Historic Old 84, 1023^, 335

Cahuenga, Capitulation of 99

Carlton Hotel 471

Carlton Hotel Liquor Case 264

Carr, Mrs. Jeanne C, old Mission mill stone

for doorstep 52

Carson's Trail 406

Carpenter's Union 513

Cart-ride to mountain top 402

Case of AsthjTia, locates Pasadena 123

Castle Canyon 383

Catholic Church 492

Cemetery Association 465

Centennial Inauguration Day 326

Centipede- 601

Change of Climate 562

Chapman's Glen 385

Chapman, Pirate Prisoner in Millard Canyon. 45

Chapman, night fight with Indians 4S

Chapman, Mill at San Gabriel 51

Chapman, Ship built at San Gabriel 52, 54, 56

Chapparal Cock 591

Charily Organization Society 519

Chautauqua Circles 517, 518

Children's homes 521, 522

Children, three burned to death 155

Chiquito Canyon 384

Chinamen mobbed 153

Chosen Friends, Order of. 511

Christian Alliance 501

Christian Church 487

Christian Endeavor Union 500

Churches, four blown down 165

Citrus Fair, The first 112, 318

Citrus Fair, The second 319

City Expense Account 288 to 290

City Officers in Successive years 285

City Officers repel false reports 266

City Property and Values 288

City Railway Co. [Painter Line] 436

City of South Pasadena 650

Civet Cats 57**

Clapp, I. B 119

Classical Schools 200

Coal Mine, Beaudry's 78, 550

CoUaraer, Miss, School 670

College, The Sierra Madre 188

Colony Farms as first chosen 108

Colony Work, how commenced 124

Colored People's Baptist Church 486

Colorado Street R. -n. Line 435

Columbia Hill 39°

Columbus Day 331

Committee disbands 252, 274

Commodore Peak, The 371

Company B, N. G. C 525

Condensed Vegetables Factory 456

Condor Shot [footnote] 129

Concert Extraordinary [jocose] 143

Conchology Collection 212

Conger, Dr. O. H 119

Congregational Church, 1st 488

Coon 579

12/

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

PAGE

Co-operative Kitchen [jocose] 141

Conger, Rev. Dr.'s, anti-wine protest 328

Corona Lodge, F. and A. M 506

Corporations, complete list of. 311

Cottonwood Canyon 388

Cottonwood Canyon Water Co 425

Coyote 582.583

Crematory 466, 673

Cricket. Spanish IJerusalem] 603

Critic, The [Newspaper] 220

Croft, Thos. P., Colony Negotiations 79

Crown Chapter R A M 505

Crown Vista, The [Newspaper] 221

D

Daily Evening News 222

Daily Pasadena Standard 219

Daily Star 217

Daily Union 216

Daily Union and John Gorthy 263

Day, Arthur H 140, 151

Dcadman's Canyon 3S6

Dei isions against Saloons 2si

Deer 583

Degree of Honor, A. O U. W 508

Democratic Meeting 2.^9, 231

Democratic Postmasters' Troubles 236 to 238

Detectives Assaulted .' 267

Devil's Gate 388

Devil's Slide 366

Dog Poetry 140

Dreadful night in Eaton Canyon 151

Dr. Reid's Geological Chart 541

Drunken mob 274

Dry Canyon 379

Dummy R. R. Project 430

E

Eagle Rock 389

Eagles 590

Early Mountain R. R. projects 442

Eaton Canyon, Eaton Fall.s 378

Eaton, Judge's biography [footnote] .. 128

Eaton, Judge's narrative 120

Eaton, Judge on our water basins 561

Echo Mountain, 369 ; Canyon 382

Echo Mountain House 474

Echo Mountain Postoffice 446

Editorial Associaton Day 322

Elections, [see Votes] 22710232

Election Table. City, 1S90 273

Electric Generators, Mt, I,owe 452

Electric Light and Power Co 463

Electric Light and Gas Co 462

El Molino Ranch 345

Elms's Canyon 383

Emendations 669

Encampment, I O. O. F 511

Enforcement Committee, The 257, 670

Enforcement Committee Chairman slandered 262

Enforcement Committee disbands 274

Enforcement Fund Notes, signers 258

Episcopal Church 486

Ethical Culture Society 516

Eulalia Perez, first owner Ro. San Pasqual 21

Exchange Block 472

F

Fair Oaks 120, 346, 355

Fair Oaks Avenue straightened 356

Father Throop Day 193

Favors Acknowledged 9

Fern Canyon 388

Fertilizer Works 462

Fire Department 290

First City Election 282

First City Council Meeting 282, 284

First Citrus Fair 112

First Civil Officers at Pasadena 278

First-class Hotel Clause 248, 2^5

First Electric Car 439

First National Bank 296

First Newspaper, ''The Reservoir" 137

PAGE

First Reunion Colony Picnic in

First Saloon Case 152

First Street R. R. in Pasadena 434

First Things |an aftermath of] 659

First White Race Boys Born Here 65

First White Man on Pasadena Soil 57

First Women on San Gabriel Peak [footnote].. 372

Floral Emblem of Pasadena 16

Flora of Pasadena and Vicinity 605 to 646

Flora of Pasadena, Index to 647 to 650

Flutterwheel Springs 351

Flycatchers [birds] .•. 593

Foresters of America 513

Fortnightly Club 519, 674

Fossil Fish Ledge 551

Fox 582

Frauds in High License Petition 262

Fraternal Aid As.sociation 512

Fraternal Mystic Circle 512

Free Delivery [mail] 238

Free Methodist Church 482

Freewill Ch Idren's Home 522

Fremont's Headquarters 101, 102;^

Fremont's Neeotiations 98

Fremont's Redout 102, 102 J^

Fremont's Trail [?] 68, 406

Frienis Church 483

Friends, Society of. 4X4

Frogs 600

Fruit Crystallizing Works 455

Fruit Diieries 455

Fruit Growers' Association 457

Fun in the Colony 137

Funeral of Owen Brown ,. 322

Furious Cow 155

G

G. A. R., John F. Godfrey Post 502

Garfias Adobe Mansion 66

Garfias Family, The 63, 67

Garfias, Mrs., Visit to Pasadena 97

Garfias Ownership, The 63

Garfias Spring 350

Gas and Electric Light Co 462

Geological Chart 541

Geological Section [from borings] 552, 571

Geology 539

Geology Collection 212

Gen. Sherman's Visit 315

German M. E. Church 481

German Lutheran Church 494

Giddings, E. W 128

Giddings' Peak, 372; trail 386, 404

Gold Discovery in 1842 52

Gold Vein and Mines 457

Gopher 576

Gopher Snake .■ 600

Gospel Union, Pacific 501

Glacial Enainelings 555

Glacial Drift, Glacial Meadows 559

Glacial Period, How Long Ago 534

Glacial Terrace 5"4

Glacial Terrace Canyons 374

Glacial Till 557

Glaciers in Pasadeualand ..: 553

Glacier Marks at Devil's Gate 534

Grace Hill 390

Graham, D. M 130

Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon Falls 385

Grand Opera House 463

Grasshopper Talk 144, 603

Great Incline Cable R. R 446

Green, Hotel 473

Grinnell, Jos. Account of Native Birds 587

Grinnell, J. List of Native Birds 595

Grizzly Bear shot 129

Grogan Tract 342

H

Hahamovic, Chief of Pasadeualand 19 to 21

Harrison, President. Wine Episode 329 ■

Harvard Telescope Point 367 |

Hawks 590 I

Hawk Moths 603]

INDEX.

13

PAGE

Helen Hunt Jackson's Work 30

Heniiiger's Flat 365

Hermi.age Water C o 424

Highland Railroad 437

High School Graduates 183

High School, the Wilson 176, 181

Historic Days 314

History of the History 3 to 15

Hodge's Peak, Hodge's Trail 374

Holder, Professor, List of Native Animals 5ti5

Holiness Church 48S

Holland's Blinds Factory 459

Hollingsworth Store, The 115

Hollingsworth Syndicate, The 113

Hospital 466

Hotel Green 473

How These Mountains Were Made 544

Humane Society 522

Hummingbird's 592

Hurlbut's Artesian Well 570

Hydrology 560

I

Indiana Colony, The 106

Incorporation of Pasadena 278, 281

Incorporating the Mountains 306

Indemnity Pledge Notes, Signers 252

Index of Plants in Pasadenaland 647

Indian Association, Woman's 497

Indian Chief baptized as "Pascual" 60

Indian Graves, Why None Found 31

Indians After Mission Rule Abolished 27

Indian Horse Eaters Kill Two Men 29

Indian Native Food 22

Indian Native Government 20 to 22

Indian Native Medical Practice 21, 22, 26

Indian Native Religion 23

Indian Native Villages, Locations, IJtc 19, 20

Indian Relic;, H. N. Rust's 131

Indian Relics on Giddings Farm 28

Indian Sweat House at Sheep Corral Springs. 26

Indian Trades at San Gabriel Mission 26, 35

Insects 601

lowans in Pasadena 319, 666

Irish Colony and British Protectorate 99

Iron Ore, Bog Iron, Etc 551

Ivy Springs 351

J.

Jack Rabbit 575

Jason Brown Kissed Her 372

Jerusalem Cricket 603

Johnston, Gen. Albert Sidney 75

Jumbo Knob 374

Juvenile Templars 508

K

Kangaroo Rat 575

Kinds of Rocks 543

Kingbirds 594

King's Daughter Circles 520

Knifeblade Ridge ' 368, 407

Kuights of the Maccabees 512

Knights of Labor 514

Knights of Pythias 509

Knights Templar, Masonic 506

Iv

La Canyada Rancho 347

Ladies Aid Society to Sons of Veterans 504

Ladies of the Maccabees 512

Ladies Union Prayer Meeting 496

Ladies Visit the Saloonkeeper 215

Lake Vineyard Ranch 345

Lake Vineyard Colony Tract 112

Lake Vineyard House 466

Land Grants, Old Spanish, Confirmed 349

Land Tracts by Name 342

Las Casitas Tract 348

Las Flores Canyon 383, 549

I^as Flores Ranch 344

Las Flores Water Co 424

PAGE

Leighton's Canyon 384

Leontine Falls. How Named 382

Letter from London A. D. 2000 137

Library Art Loan Exhibition 207

Librarj' Building, 1.S.S3 204

Library Building Sites Offered, 1886 205

Library Citrus Fair 204

Library Expenses in 1893 211

Library Syndicate, |6,ooo Note 207

Library, The Public 202

Lightning Strikes a Barn 166

Linda Vista Gold Mines 550

Linda Vista Peak and Trail 374

Linda Vista Tract 348, 438

Lindsay Mill, The 459

Liquor Attorneys Fight Shy 251

Liquor Cases, First Trials 254

Liquor Scheme for City Election, 1890 268

Liquor Sellers Fined 276, 277, 670

Literary People of Pa.'adena 223

Literary Societies 517

Local Poetry 667

Los Angeles Captured in 1S46 81

Los Robles Canyon 375

LosRobles Ranch, Gov. Stoneman's 344

Lopez Claudio. Major Domo at San Gabriel. 21, 40

Lopez, Claudio's, Descendants 43

Lost in the Mountains 156

Lowe, Mrs., Collection 213

Lowe, Prof, His Inventions 450

Lowe, Prof., Ovation to 331, 448

Loyal Temperance Legion 496

Lugo, Don Antonio, and Joe Chapman 44

Lutheran Church, German 494

Lynx 581

MC

McCIatchie, Prof A. J., Botany.. 605

McQuilling, A. K 130

McQuilling's Collection 535

M

Maccabees, Knightsand Ladies of 512

Macpherson Mountain R. R Survey 442

Macpherson Trestle, The 4,si

Marengo Tract 343

Markham for Congressman 228

Markham, Gov.'s, bear story 451

Martin's Camp . 402

Mammals. List of Native 585

Masonic Bodies 505

Masonic Temple 507

Mass Meeting against Saloons 242, 246, 255

Mass Meeting resolutions, Aug. 6, 1888 256

Mechanics Mill 459

M. E. Church South 488

Medical Association 519

Men chosen to high office 232

Meihodist Churches 478

Millard Canyon and Falls 384

Millard Canyon Water Co 425

Mill Canvon 375

Mill No. 2, or "Chapman's mill" 43

Mill, The Old Stone, or "El Molino" 42, 39i

Mineralogy Collection 212

Miner's inch, 414 ; footnote 421

Mines and Mining 547 to 550

Miscellaneous 664

Missionary Union, Woman's 497

Mission Canyon 377

Mocking Bird 594

Moles 577

Monks Hill Tract S43

Montclair Children's Home 521

Monuments to the founders of the colony 138

Moraines, Terminal and Lateral 558

Mountain Deer 583

Mountain Lion 580

Mountain Peaks by name 36^

Mountain R. R. celebration 447

Mountain View Cemetery 465

Mount Disappointment 37°

Mount Harvard 3^4

H

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

PAGE

Mount Lowe 369, 445

Mount Lowe Echo, The 222, 446

Mount Lowe Electric Railway 440

Mount Markham 372

Mount Vesuvius 369

Mount Wilson 366

Mount Wilson Toll Road 397

Muir's Peak, 369 ; Muir's climb 406

Mule Deer 583

Mutual Protection Association 243

Mystic Circle, Order of. 512

N

Name of Mountain Railroad 447

Naming of Mount Lowe. 445

National G. A. R. Day 320

Nationalist Club 515

Nativity of School Pupils i8i

Negro Canyon 386

New Charter ? — "No " 289

New Education, The 223

Newspapers 214

Newspaper Suspensions. 274

Night Birds 592

" Nine Nobby Niggers " 147

North Congregational Church 491

North Pasadena M E. Church 481

North Pasadena Water Co 422

" No Saloon in the Valley " 218

o

Oak Knoll Canyon 375

Oak Knoil Tract 344

Oak Knoll Water Co 424

Observatory Casino 367

Observatory Peak [?| [San Gabriel Peak] 371

Observatory, The Mount Lowe 454

Odd FellovJs, Orders 509

Ode to "Father Throop" ig6

Ofifice, men chosen to high 232

Old Settlers' Association 116

Old Settler Experiences 116

Old Settlers, where from 133, 136

Oil Company, Southern 464, 552

Olive Industry 456

Olivewood Tract 347

Orange Boom 664

Orange Grove Association organized 107

Orange Grove Colony Day 314

Orange Packing, Shipping, Etc 457, 664

Ordinance No. i 2S3

Origin ol this History 3

Orioles 594

Ostrich Farm 465

Ovation to Capt. Cross 327

Owls 590

P

Pacific Gospel Union 501

Painter & Ball Tract 342

Painter Hotel 472

Painters and Decorator's Union 514

Partridges 587

Pasadena Capitalists 301

Pasadena Chapter, O E. S 506

Pasadena Chronicle, The 214

Pasadena City School District 180

Pasadena City Incorporated 278, 28t

Pasadena and Valley Union 2i,s

Pasadena's Floral Emblem 16

Pasadena Fruit Growers' Association 457

Pasadena Highlands Water Co 425

Pasadena and Los Angeles Electric R. R 439

Pasadena Commandery Knights Templar 500

Pasadena in Politics 227

Pasadena Lake Vineyard L. & W.Co 416

Pasadena Land and Water Co 411

Pasadenalaud first called San Pascual 59

Pasadenaland, why this term is used 341

Pasadena Lodge, F. and A. M 505

Pasadena Lodgel. O. G. T 507

Pasadena Lodge, I. O. O. F ,Sog

Pasadena's Literary People 223

PAGE

Pasadena, Maj. Bonebrake's fun talk 341

Pasadena Manufacturing Co 458

Pasadena National Bank 298

Pasadena, Origin of the name 338, 340

Pasadena's part iu Mexican war 80

Pasadena People of Mexican war connection.. 103

Pasadena Standard 118

Pasadena Star 216

Pasadena Street Railwaj'Co 433

Pasadena Students in Pomona College 202

Pasadena Students in Stanford University 201

Pasadena Students in State University 201

Pasadena Students in State Normal School 200

Pasadena's very first name 20

Pasadena Weekly Journal 221

Patents to Pasadena Geniuses [fun] 139

Petitioners against saloon 247

Petition for "high license' 261

Picnic, first colony reunion in

Pickwick Club 526

Pigeon 589

Pine Canyon 379

Pine Flats 404

Pipeclay 559

Pirate Prisoner in Pasadena Mountains 43

Poem by Chas. A. Gardner 667

Peoples convention and city noininations, 1890 271

Poetry, first ever written in Pasadena 140

Poetry 8, 140, 196, 382, 428, 667

Politics, Pasadena in 227

Pomological Society 517

Poorwills [night bird] 592

Portola, Gov., in Pasadenaland in 1770 57

PostofSce, Story of the 234

Poultry Farm, The 464

Powder made at San Gabriel, 1846 57

Power Generators for Mount Lowe 452

Precipice Canyon Water Co 424

Precipicio Peak 36S

Prehistoric Man in Pasadena 528

Presbyterian Churches •.•475> 478

President Harrison Day 328

President Hayes Day 314

Prize Baby. 667

Prof. Holder's finds 538

Prof Holder's list of native mammals 585

Prof. Lowe Day 448

Prof. Lowe's Inventions 450

Prof Lowe takes hold 444

Progressive League 265

Prohibition Enacted 249

Prohibitory Ordinance changed 276

Prohibitory Ordinance null, till re-enacted 260

Punchbowl Canyon and Falls 384

Puzzles on Calvin P'letcher 126

Pj'ramid Peak 365

Q

Quails 587

Quaker Churches J83, 484

R

Rabbit Hunts : 149

Rabbits 575

Raccoon 579

Ramabai Circle 500

Ramona and Pasadena K. R 440

RanchoSan Pasqual lionded for oil 76

Ro. San Pasqual, complete chain of title 69

Ro. San Pasqual's first house 71

Ro. San Pasqual's first owner 60, 6l

Rathbone Sisters, Order of 509

Rattlesnakes 600, 674

Rattlesnake Spring 371

Kais 575, J76

Kavmond Canyon, Raymond Creek 374

Raymond Chit-Chat 222

Raymond Hill tgo

Raymond Hotel Day 322

Raymond Hotel, 467 ; Burned down 471

Real Estate Exchange 304

Rebekah Lodge, I. O. O. F 511

Red Racer (snake] 600

Reid, Hugo, and Indian wife 17

INDEX.

15

Reid, Hugo, writings 19

Removal of San Gabriel Mission 34

Republican Club 228, 231

Republican anti-saloon convention, 1890 269

Republican Party's anti-saloon plank, 1894 277

Reptiles 599

Resolutions, The [anti-saloon] 256

Revenue Law Violators 259

Richardson Spring, The 351

Rifle Team, The Pasadena 146, 148, 451-2, 523

Roadrunner [bird] 591

Rock Lizards 599

Roller Skating Rink 319, 665

Royal Arcanum, Order of. 513

Rubio Canyon L. & W. Co 425

Rubio Canyon, with nine waterfalls 379, 381

Rubio Farm 451

Rubio Water Trail 406

Ruse de guerre at San Pedro 86

Rust, Maj. H. N 130

Saloon started 241

Salvation Army 498

San Gabriel Mission, When Founded 33

San Gabriel Mission, Successive Padres 33 to 40

San Gabriel Mission, secular Officers 40 to ,S5

San Gabriel Peak 370

San Gabriel Valley Bank 297

San Gabriel Valley Railroad 426

San Gabriel Valley Railroad Day [opening] 320, 428

San Pasqual, How First Named'so 25

San Rafael Canyon, [Johnson's Creek) 388

San Rafael Ranch, 346; Springs 350

San Marino Ranch, 346; Canyon 377

Santa Anita Ranch 17, 18

Santa Anita Avenue 361

Saucer Falls 3S5

Savings Banks 299

School District below California Street, 1877... 171

School House Subscription List, 1S78 170

School Lots, Auction Sale of. 174

School Statistics 178, 184

School Teachers, 1S74 to 1S95 1S5

School Trustees from 1874101895 187

Scorpions 601

Secularization ofthe Mission 54

Sexton, Dan's, Old Adobe Mill 53

Sierra Madre College 188

Signal Peak 368

Simons, Joe's Historic Cart Ride 402

Shakspeare Club 518

Shale Beds 550

Sheep Corral Springs 350

Shorb's Artesian Well ; 571

Shorb Water Scare, The 668

Shrike [Butcher Bird] 594

Skunk 579

Slickensides 555

Sociological Society 516

Soldier Guards at Mission do badly 24

Soledad Trail, The 405

Sons of St. George, Order of. 113

Sons of Temperance 508

Sons of Veterans 504

Southern Oil Co 464, 552

Southern Pacific Railroad 440

South Pasadena Beer Garden 658

South Pasadena Churches 656

South Pasadena City 650

South Pasadena Industries 657

South Pasadena Library and Reading Room.. 654

South Pasadena Literary Societies 655

South Pasadena Newspapers 654

South Pasadena Post-office 655

South Pasadena Schools 653

Spanish Land Grants Confirmed 349

Specialists on Pasadena Native Plants 607

Spinning Wheels [poetry] 8

Squaretop Mountain 372

Squirrels 577

Stage Talent in the Colony 145

State Division Convention, 1849 335

Steil, Peter's Candidacy 277

PAGB

Stockton, Commodore's Headquarters 97, too

Stoneman, Gen. [footnote] 75

Stone Implements found at Reservoir Hill 535

Storms, Floods, Etc. i86i to 1895 160 to 167

Strain's Camp 401

Strawberry Peak [?] 370

Street Altitudes 363

Street Car Smash-up 156

Streets, When. Why, by Whom Named 352 to 363

Summary of Plants Listed 645

Swedenborgian Preaching 494

Switzer's Trail 403

T

Tabernacle, The 480, 481

Table of City Property and Expenses 288

Table of Successive City Officers 285

Tarantulas 602

Tarantula Hawk 602

Technical Catch in Liquor Sale Trial 2f8

Telescope Episode 396

Temperance Orders 507

Temperance Question, The 240

Terminal Railroad Day 327

Terminal Railroad, The Los Angeles 432

Thibbets Springs, The 351

Throop, Hon. A. G., Biography 198

Throop, Hon. A. G., Death and Funeral 198

Throop Institute Scholarships 195

Throop Museum Collection 536

Throop Polytechnic Institute 190, 193, 197

Throop University 191

Tituss Artesian Well 569

Toll Road, The Mt. Wilson 397

Tree Rat 576

Triplets born 666

Tunnel, The Beaudry 389

Twins, Col. Banbury's— [girls] ; 168

Twins, Mayor Cox's — [boys] 232

U

Uncle Bob's Trail 405

Union Prayer Meeting 496

Union Savings Bank 299

Uniform rank K of P 509

United Samaritans 520

Universalist Church 492

V

Vaccination of School Children 180

Valley Hunt Club 524

Vasqiiez, The Robber 150

Vegetables, Condensed, factory 456

Verdugo Ranch 346

Vote, City, 18S8 229

Vote, City, 1892 230

Vote, City, 1S94 232

Vote, Colony, Presidential, 1876 227

Vote, Presidential, 1880, not found 22S

Vote, Presidential, 1884 229

Vote, Presidential, 1888 230

Vote, Presidential, 1892 231

Vulture 589

w

Wages, mechanics 306

Wakeley's Bird Specimens 598

Wakeley's Novelty Works 460

Walking Leaf Insect 603

Wallace, Joseph 131

Wallace's Cannery 152, 454

Washington School 173

Water Beetle 603

Water Carvings 556

Water Measure [state engineer] 414

Water Meter Trial 423

Water Question Settled 420

Water Rates 416

Water Supply, The first 410

Water Supply, Total for Pasadena 573

Water Tunnels 572

Water Works, Expense, Etc 415, 416

i6

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

PAGE

Weasel 580

Wedding Musicians soused 162

Weekly Pasadenian 220

Wells, Artesian borings 568

Wells of Pasadena 564

West Pasadena Railway Co 438

What Geological Age...'. 540

What kinds of Rocks 543

Whisky War, The 255, 670

White Ribbon, The 221

Whitesiders, The 666

Whitelined Sphinx [moth] 603

Who killed Jesse Lee ? 147

Wildcat Canyon 388

Wildcat [lynx] 581

Wildgrape Canyon 377

Williams Business College 200

Williams Hall 669

Willowdale, Willowdale Creek 345, 375

Wilson against the Luges 74

Wilson, Ben's, Spring 351

Wilson, B. D. biographical sketch 332

Wilson Canyon 376

Wilson Ditch, The ..'.69, 114

Wilson High School 174, 176', 181

PAGE

Wilson Lake 394

Wilson's Peak 366

Wilson's report as U.S. Indian agent [footnote] 336

Wilson's Trail 395, 441

Wilson's wine and the preacher 145

Wineglass, The inverted 329

Winery Tank Explo.'^ion, fatal 159

Winston Heights 346

Winston, L. C., lost in mountain snow storm.. 156

Woman's Christian Temperance Union 495

Woman's Relief Corps 503

Wood^^ury Tract 347

Woodpeckers 592

Woollv Spider 604

Wooster, P. G 131, 228

Works consulted in preparing this History... 5, 6, 7
Worms, Visitation of 164

Y

Young Men's Christian Association 499

z

Zalvidea, Padre, 26 years at San Gabriel Mis-
sion 34. 61

Zoology 575 to 604

From " Land of Sunshine.'
CITY LIBRARY— SOUTH-BY-WEST VIEW.
[See page 206.]

Pa.sadena's Floral Kmblfm. — On pages 57 and 59 I have explained how the notably conspicuous
profusion of wild poppies on our highland slopes first suggested the idea of " San Pascual '' as a descrip-
tive term for the Pasadena region, in April, 1770 — over 125 j'ears ago. This poppy is therefore historically
and distinctively the floral emhlem of Pasadena, and is so represented by Mr. Lang in the artistic em-
bossing stamp which he made for the covers of this History volume.

— J.

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- X-

i6

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

PAGE

Weasel 5S0

Wedding Musicians soused 162

Weeklj' Pasadenian 220

Wells, Artesian borings , 56S

Wells of Pasadena 564

West Pasadena Railway Co 438

What Geological Age 540

What kinds of Rocks =543

Whisky War, The 255, 670

White Ribbon, The 221

Whitesiders. The 666

Whitelined Sphinx [moth] 603

Who killed Jesse I.ee ? 147

Wildcat Canyon 388

Wildcat [lynx] 581

Wildgrape Canjon 377

Williams Business College 200

Williams Hall 669

Willowdale, Willowdale Creek 345, 375

Wilson against the Lugos 74

Wilson, Ben's, Spring 351

Wilson, B. D. biographical sketch 332

Wilson Canyon 376

Wilson Ditch, The 69, 114

Wilson High School 174, 176, 181

PAGE

Wilson Lake 394

Wilson's Peak 366

Wilson's report as U.S. Indian agent [footnote] 336

Wilson's Trail 395, 441

Wilson's wine and the preacher 145

Wineglass, The inverted 329

Winery Tank Explosion, fatal 159

Winston Heights 346

Winston, L. C., lost in mountain snow storm.. 156

Woman's Christian Temperance Union 495

Woman's Relief Corps 503

Wood^^ury Tract 347

Woodpeckers 592

Woolly Spider 604

Wooster, P. G 131, 228

Works consulted in preparing this History... 5, 6, 7
Worms, Visitation of 164

Y

Young Men's Christian Association 499

z

Zalvidea, Padre, 26 years at San Gabriel Mis-
sion 34. 61

Zoology 575 to 604

From '' Land of Sunshine.'
CITY LIBRARY— SOUTH-BY-WEST VIEW.
[See page '206.]

Pasadena's Floral Emblfm. —On pages 57 and 59 I have explained how the notably conspicuous
profusion of wild poppies on our highland slopes first suggested the idea of " San Pascual' as a descrip-
tive term for the Pasadena region, in April, 1770— over 125 years ago. This poppy is therefore historically
and distinctively the floral emblem of Pasadena, and is so represented by Mr. Lang in the artistic em-
bossing stamp which he made for the covers of this History volume.

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SE23EESCZ:

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. I7

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN.

CHAPTER I.

The Pre-Pasadenian Aborigines. Early writers. — Hugo Reid, the Scotchman, and
his Indian wife. — Sixteen Indian villages by name and location. — Pasadena's very
first name and people — their government, medicine, food, etc. — The Indian re-
ligion.— Mission incidents. — Pascual el Capitan and the Pascual Indians. — Indian
Sweat House at Sheep Corral Springs. — Indians after the Mission daj^s. — Indian
horse-eaters kill two white men in the Arroyo. — Helen Hunt Jackson's work. — Why
no Indian graves found.

INDIAN EVENTS IN PASADENALAND.

When the Spaniards first took possession of this region of country, which
was in 1769-70, they found it occupied by native Indians who then had
twenty-seven or more village settlements within what is now Los Angeles
county, and the Spaniards called them rancherias.* Each village had its
local chief ; and some clans had a group of villages with one hereditary or
patriarchal chief over all, he bearing the clan name with the suffix " ic " to
indicate his office. The writings of padres Crespi, Junipero Serra, Boscana,
and others of the earliest missionaries here, besides records left by Governor
Fages and many officers and soldiers of the first occupancy, give us in-
formation of the Indians of South California in general ; but the one writer
who devoted himself to local details concerning the Indians of Los Angeles
county was Hugo Reid. He wrote from his own studies and investigations,
made over sixty years after the Spaniards commenced their rule here, and of
course did not get everything — yet he is the chief authority, and most often
quoted by later writers in this particular field. Hence I give here a con-
densed sketch of his life, as a part of the local history of Pasadenaland.

HUGO REID AND HIS INDIAN WIFE.

Hugo Reid was born in Scotland in 181 1 ; came to New Mexico in
1828 and resided there six years. Came to California in 1834 and engaged
in mercantile business at Los Angeles. In 1839 he became naturalized as a
Mexican citizen, having married a native Indian woman at San Gabriel and
settled on the rancho Santa Anita comprising three leagues of land, which
was finally granted to him by Mexican authority in 1841 and 1 845.1 '^^'
burcio Lopez (a son of the historic Claudio Lopez of San Gabriel) had
lived upon it and claimed it before, but somehow Reid got it; and in 1847
he sold it to Henry Dalton for $2,000. [The same land was sold in 1874

*In July, 1769, Father Junipero Serra wrote : " We found vines of a large size [wUd] and in
some cases quite loaded with grapes. * * We have seen Indians in immense numbers they con-
trive to make a good subsistence on various seeds, and by fishing. The latter they carry on by means

of rafts orcanoes made of tule (bulrush) All the males go naked ; but the women and temale

children are decently covered from their breasts downward."

t" Hartnell aided him |Reid] in getting the land, against the efforts of J. A. Carrillo in behalf of
the Lopez {a.mi\y."—Bis/. Cal. Vol. 5. p. 6gi. This Hartnell was visitador general of Missions, under
Governor Alvarado.

1 8 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

for $200,000.] Its original west line ran from the mouth of Eaton canyon
southwesterly to the corner of Wilson avenue and San Pasqual street, thence
back east along that street to Santa Anita avenue, thence south on that
avenue nearly to the Mission. In California he was always known as Hugo
Reid. Just when he was married I did not learn, but it appears that in
1839, when he took the oath of Mexican citizenship, he already had his In-
dian wife, Victoria, and two children. His wife was an excellent woman,
much respected at San Gabriel,* and a cottage which she built and lived in
is still pointed out as one of the historic buildings there, since her case was
dimly woven into the famous story of " Ramona ". In 1838 a piece of land
128^4^ acres called Huerta [garden] de Cuati was granted to her by Mexican
authority, and confirmed by U. S. patent of June 30, 1858 ; but as early as
1852 she had sold it to B. D. Wilson, and it became his I^ake Vineyard
home place, so intimately associated with Pasadena's early history. In
1843 Hugo Reid was justice of the peace at San Gabriel; in 1846 he was
auxiliary administrator in closing up the business of secularizing the Mis-
sion property ; the Mission was heavily in debt, and in June of that 5^ear
Governor Pico sold out the whole business — buildings, lands, water rights,
and all, to Hugo Reid and Wm. Workman — Reid being then in possession.
But in August of same year the country was captured by Stockton and Fre-
mont, and they annulled this sale as not valid under Mexican law. In 1849
Reid was elected to and served as a member of the convention which gave
California her first constitution, under which she entered the Union as a
sovereign state. He died in I^os Angeles December 12, 1852.

A pioneer merchant and coast trader of San Francisco named Wm.
Heath Davis published in 1889 a book entitled "Sixty Years in California ";
and on pages 196-7 I find this narrative :

"In November, 1844, James McKinlay and myself left San Diego and
went overland to Santa Anita. Hugo Reid, a Scotchman, lived at Santa
Anita. He was a skillful accountant, and we brought along with us, on a
pack animal, a large pile of account books belonging to the business of
Paty, McKinlay and Fitch, who were about dissolving their partnership.
We remained at Reid's house most of the months of November and Decem-
ber, adjusting and settling the books, with his aid. Reid had been dis-
appointed in love in his own country, his intended bride having ' thrown
him over ', so to speak ; and he left the country in disgust, vowing he would
marry some one of the same name as she who had slighted him, even
though an Indian woman. He came to California and fell in with a woman
of pure Indian blood, named Victoria, the name of his former love, and
married her. Upon our visit at Reid's house we found that they were living
very happily together. We were surprised and delighted with the excellence
and neatness of the housekeeping of the Indian wife, which could not have
been excelled. The beds which were furnished us to sleep in were exquis-

*" There are strikinar examples of Indian women married to foreigners and native Californians,
exemplary wives and mothers." Hon. B. D. JViUon's report as U.S. Indian Agent iSs2.

" The Indian women of California were far better stock than those of Mexico." — Davis' "Sixty
Years in Cat.," p. i<)6.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 1 9

quisitely neat, with cov^erlids of satin, the sheets and pillow cases trimmed
with lace and highly ornamented."*

THE INDIAN VILLAGES.

Among Hugo Reid's writings is a list more or less complete of the or-
iginal native Indian names of their villages or clan settlements in Los An-
geles county. Usually a clan had only one village, a central settlement ;
but sometimes the same clan had several villages, with an hereditary clan-
chief over all, and an elected sub-chief in each village, thus forming a sort
of patriarchal confederacy in government ; and this seems to have been the
case with our Arroyo Seco Indians when Governor Portola, the first white
man here, was treated kindly by them and their head chief, Hahamovic, in
January, 1770, at their village near the Garfias spring in South Pasadena.
Reid's writings in regard to the Indians were first published in the Los An-
geles Star in 1852, and republished in the California Farmer in January,
1 86 1. A copy of the MSS. was furnished by Judge Hayes, to H. H.
Bancroft while preparing his volume on ' ' Native Races of the Pacific
Coast", in 1881-82. Considerable portions of the matter were reprinted in
Lewis's "History of Los Angeles Co." published in 1889. And from
Reid's account of the Indian villages I select a few of the localities best
known to Pasadena people, or with which they have some special interest,
citing the Indian name, and its location as given by Reid, with my own
notes of explanation as to present identity. The suffix "na" was equiva-
lent to our word clan, but was also used in a sense the same as our suffixes
" ville" or "burg".

Name of Indian I Location as given by I Present occupancy or
village. I Hugo Reid. | identity of the site.

Acurag-na — La Presa. [A large tule bog or cienega on the L- J. Rose
place, above the winery, where the padres built a stone dam in 1821 and
conveyed the water in a ditch to their flouring mill No. 2, across the street
in front of the church. The stone dam stands yet ; and the foundation
walls, cement flumes, wheel pit, etc., of the mill are still visible as ruins.]

Ahiipquig-na — Santa Anita ranch, where Hugo Reid lived in 1844.

Awig-na — La Puente.

Azucsag-na — Azusa.

Cucomog-na — Cucamonga.

Hahamog-na — Verdugo ranch. [From other sources and circumstances
I find that this clan occupied both sides of the Arroyo Seco from Garvanza
ford northward ; and when Reid wrote his account the Arroyo hills were
called promiscuously the "Verdugo hills", or "San Rafael" hills, all
lumped off as pertaining to Don Jose Maria Verdugo' s ranch. These were
the Indians who occupied Pasadena's location when white men first visited
the country in 1769-70.]

*This Indian woman had been one of the " neophytes" under the training of old Eulalia Perez at
the San Gabriel Mission. See Chap. 2 and 3.

20 HISTORY OF PASADENA. ;

I

Isanthcog-na — Mission Vieja. [The place called "Old Mission," at the ;
San Gabriel river — the site where San Gabriel Mission was at first estab-
lished (September 8, 1771), but afterwards moved to its present location.
Some fragments of the adobe walls of the old first church, and other struc-
tures, may be seen yet (1895), at " Old Mission."]

Pasinog-na — Chino ranch.

Pubug-na — Alamitos ranch. [The shores of Alamitos bay.]

Sibag-7ia — San Gabriel. [This was at a great alluvial marsh which
formerly existed in the washway southwest of the present village, and furn-
ished rich crops of vegetables and grain to the Mission while its buildings |
were going up at the new location. But that body of rich marsh land has
all been washed away, leaving only fields of sand and gravel.]

Sisit Canog-na — Pear Orchard. [The old Mission pear orchard, below
the mouth of Wilson, Mission and San Marino canyons — now called the
Cooper Place, where Isaac and Thomas Cooper live.]

Sonag-na — Mr. White's place. [Irving A. White of the Sierra Madre
colony, near, or a part of the present village of Sierra Madre.]

Siiang-na — Wilmington. [This was the largest or most populous of
the Indian villages in the county, on account of the abundance of food, and
so easily obtained from the great estuary or bay there — fish and clams, and
such roots, berries and native plant seeds as they used for food.]
Tibahag-na — Cerritos ranch. [Site near Clearwater.]
Toybipet-na — San Jose. [Spadra.]
Yang-7ia — lyOS Angeles.

PASADENA'S VERY FIRST NAME AND PEOPLE.

The Hahamog-na clan occupied our Arroyo Seco region, and therefore
"Hahamog-na " may be set down as the first name by which Pasadena ter-
ritory was ever designated in human speech ; and Hahamovic* was the
name or title of the old native chief who smoked the peace-pipe with Gover-
nor Portola at South Pasadena, January 17, 1770. In regard to tribal head-
ship among the Indians, Bancroft's "Native Races," p. 409, says :

"Each tribe acknowledged one head, whose province it was to settle
disputes, levy war, make peace, appoint feasts, and give good advice. Be-
yond this he had little power. He was assisted in his duties by a council of
elders. The office of chief was hereditary, and in the absence of a male heir
devolved upon the female nearest of kin. She could marry whom she
pleased, but her husband obtained no authority through the alliance, all the |
power remaining in his wife's hands until their eldest boy attained his ma- 1
jority, when the latter at once assumed command."

This old chief, Hahamovic [called by the Spaniards " Pascual el Capi- j
tan"], was head chief, and his tribe or clan had several villages at points '

♦•'The chief of each lodge took its name, followed by zc, with sometimes the alteration of one or
more final letters. For instance, the chief of Aziicsag-ua was called Azucsavic; that of Sibag-na, Sibapic;
etc." — Hugo Reid's Records: Leller i.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 21

convenient to water — one near the Garfias spring which now suppHes lyincoln
Park with water ; one on banks of the brook east of Raymond hill ; one on
C. M. PhilHps's place, near the head springs of Los Robles brook and Oak
Knoll brook ; one near the Ben Wilson and Richardson springs ; one on the
Giddings place near the mouth of Millard canyon, far up whose mountain
course the tribe obtained their finest and fattest acorns for food ; and per-
haps others. Each village had its sub-chief, and these formed the " council
of elders " referred to — a sort of cabinet or board of directors, with Hahamo-
vic presiding. After the old chief was baptized and named Pascual, his
tribe were called the " Pascual Indians;" but later all tribal distinctions were
broken up by the Mission authorities and all were blended or mixed to-
gether as "neophytes," or "Mission Indians" — and finally called Gabriel-
enos, to distinguish this populace from those of other Missions — the term
' ' Mission Indians ' ' having come to be applied to any body of natives who
had come under the rule of the padres. Our Pasadena chief, Hahamovic or
Pascual, finally married a Spanish white woman named Angelina Sysa, re-
sided at San Gabriel, and lived to be very old. Senora Maria Guillen de
Lopez, aged 83, and still living at San Gabriel, knew him as a very old man
when she was a little girl. Her mother was the famous Kulalia Perez de
Guillen, first grantee of the Rancho San Pasqual ; and her husband was a
son of the historic Claudio lyOpez who served as major domo (chief overseer)
at San Gabriel before and through the masterful administrations of Father
Zalvidea and Father Sanchez — or a total period of about thirty-six years,
as I was informed by his grandsons Felipe and Theodore Lopez of San
Gabriel. Their grandmother, Eulalia Perez de Guillen, was living at San
Gabriel and attended as midwife upon the mother of Governor Pio Pico
when he was born. May 5, 1801 ; and it was the family tradition that
Claudio Lopez was already serving as major domo at that time. Hence he
was overseer of Indian laborers for a longer period and in greater numbers
probably than any other man in California, and was the first man who ever
started any civilized industries on the land now occupied and known as
Pasadena. He used it as a Mission stock range.

These primitive people do not appear to have had any sort of domestic
animals — not even dogs or cats — nor any sort of agriculture ;* but sub-
sisted wholly upon the natural products of the land, both vegetable and
animal, including the eggs of quails and other birds in their season. Never-
theless, in some respects they seem to have made real advances toward a
semi-civilization, as in matters of civil polity, literature, treatment of
diseases, etc. Their medical practice was combined with a good deal of
superstitious mummery by the "doctor," such as noise of rattles, smoking
[incense] to the Great Spirit, singing of songs or incantations, and other

*The native inhabitants found on some of the Santa Barbara islands did have a domesticated variety
of coyote or wild dog; but the early Spanish writers do not mention any such creatures in the Pasadena
region.

22 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ceremonial antics ; yet withal they did have some practical and efficient
knowledge of the use of sweating or steam baths, of numerous herb decoc-
tions, of lobelia emetics, of counter-irritation by nettle blisters and by burn-
ing or "moxa," and of blood-letting, etc. Among the herbs which they
used medicinally were Nicotiana or wild tobacco, thornapple [jimson weed],
marshmallow, tansy, mustard, southernwood ["old man," as it is sometimes
called], wild sage, nettles, and some others. They also had knowledge and
skill to prepare poisons for making their arrow points more deadly. In re-
gard to civil regulations among them I quote this brief extract from Hugo
Reid's work :

"The government of the people was in the hands of the chiefs, each
captain commanding his own lodge. The command was hereditary in a
family, descending from father to son, and from brother to brother. If the
right line of descent ran out, they immediately elected one of the same kin
nearest in blood. Laws in general were made as they were required, with
the exception of some few standing ones. Robbery and thieving were un-
known among them ; and murder, which was of rare occurence, was pun-
ished by shooting the delinquent with arrows until dead. Incest was held
in great abhorrence and punished with death ; even marriages between kins-
folk were not allowed. The manner of death was by shooting with arrows.
All prisoners of war were invariably put to death, after being tormented in a
most cruel manner."

Those occupying the San Gabriel valley he designates by the general
name " Gabrielenos, " and the mountain Indians he calls " Serranos." Of
their native articles of food he says :

' ' The animal food used by the Gabrielenos consisted of deer meat,
young coyotes, squirrels, badgers, rats, gophers, skunks, raccoons, rabbits,
wild cats, small crow, blackbirds, hawks, and snakes, with the exception of
the rattlesnake.* A few ate of the bear, but in general it was rejected, on
superstitious grounds. A large locust or a grasshopper was a favorite
morsel, roasted on a stick at the fire. Fish, quails, seals, sea-otter, and shell-
fish formed the principal subsistance of the immediate coast range lodges
and Islanders. Acorns, after being divested of the shell, were dried and
pounded in stone mortars, put into filterers of willow twigs, worked into a
conical form and raised on little sand mounds, which were lined inside with
two inches of sand ; water added and mixed up, filled up again and again
with more water, at first hot and then cold, until all the bitter principle was
extracted ; the residue was then collected and washed free of any sand par-
ticles it might contain ; on settling, the water was poured oflf ; on being
boiled it became a sort of mush, and was eaten when cold.f The next

*Davis, "Sixty Years in Cal." p. 526, tells of a notable trip which he and others made in 1850-51, when
Don Ramon Arguello (uncle to Arturo Bandiui, of Pasadena,) officiated as guide. Rattlesnakes were
very abundant and Don Ramon was wonderlully expert in killing them ; and Davis says : " He would
eat a portion of their bodies after it was broiled over a hot fire, and often remarked to me that it was
more nutritious than the meat of a fat chicken.''

fFremont speaks of the Indians bringing him " bread made of acorns to trade," and adds that they
" live principally on acorns and the roots of the tule, of which also their huts are made." — Memoirs, page
^60. The " tule " is Scirpus lactistris, variety occidenialis.

Another writer who has lived among these Indians, says : "Pine-nuts, acorns and roots are all
pounded up together in a mortar. The flour is then made into a paste and thrown into a hole scooped
out amongst the ashes of a hot fire," etc. * * * In case of birds, rabbits, fish, etc., " without remov-
ing feathers, hair or scales, they are plastered over with mud, then buried in the fire. When the cook
thinks the meat done it is raked out, the baked mud easily dropping off and taking the feathers or hair
and skin with '\\.:'— Tourists' Guide to S. Cat., p. i<)2. By G. Wharton James.

DIVISION ON:^ — PRE-PASADENIAN. 2^

favorite food was the kernel of a species of plum, which grows in the moun-
tains and islands. It is sometimes called the mountain cherry, although it
partook little of either, having a large stone wrapped in fiber and possessing
little pulp.* Chia, which is a small, gray, oblong seed, was procured from
a plant apparently of the thistle kind, having a number of seed vessels on a
straight stalk, one above the other, like sage.f This, roasted and ground,
made a meal which was eaten, mixed with cold water, being of a glutinous
consistence and very cooling. Pepper seed (chilis) were also used ; likewise
the tender tops of wild sage. Salt was used sparingly, as they considered
it as having a tendency to turn the hair gray. All their food was eaten
cold or nearly so."

In addition to what Hugo Reid says above, it appears from other writers
that they also used prickly pears (fruit of the broad-leaved cactus), the suc-
culent water cress, the root of some species of flag, wild barley (or wild oats,
avena fatua) and various kinds of grass seeds — besides birds' eggs, of which
a healthy quail usually lays from twelve to twenty in a season ; and thus it
will be seen that the range of their dietary was not so very limited after all.
They also used the native wild berries, some varieties of which are passably
edible, as I have myself tested. These are, blackberries ; one species of
gooseberries ; nightshade berries ; some portions of the elderberry crop ;
manzanita berries ; grapes ; canyon bush cherries.

The next historic point in regard to these Pasadenaland Indians is the
founding of a Mission among them.

THE INDIAN RELIGION.

The native Indians of Pasadenaland were very religious, in their rude way,
and that accounts for their being so early and so easily brought under the
religious influence of the Mission Fathers. Several of the pioneer mission-
aries, as Junipero Serra, Crespi, Boscana, and others have left some accounts
of the religious ideas and customs of these aborigines, besides such secular
writers as Gov. Pages, Hugo Reid, etc. In the Thompson & West " His-
tory of Ivos Angeles County," on page 15, J. Albert Wilson summarizes the
matter in perhaps as fair shape as it can well be done in so brief a space ;
and as this summary applies in particular to the Indian predecessors 125
years ago of the church-going people of Pasadena to-day, I make free to
quote it :

" They believed in one God, the Creator, whose name — "Qua-o-ar,"
was rarely spoken, and never save in a low and reverend voice. They
usually referred to him by one of his attributes, " Y-yo-ha-ring-nain " —
"The Giver of I^ife." They had but one word for life and soul. Their
theology knew no devil, and no hell, prior to the advent of the missionaries ;
and they have ever since maintained that these, being a foreign innovation,

*This wild cherry grows abuudaiitlj' in the West San Gabriel and intramontane Arroyo Seco
canvons ; and during the last week of October, 1S91, myself and wife and H. N. Farey and wife camping
there, ate freely of it, both stewed and raw, and found it quite palatable, with a distinct cherrj-ish flavor
when fully ripe.

tThis " shafted-ball thistle" I have seen growing abundantly near Monrovia and through the valley
eastward ; it is also found about Pasadena. It is the Salvia colnmbariae of botany, a species of sage,
although prickly like a thistle.

^4 HISTORY OF* PASADE^NA.

concerned the foreigners only. They looked for no resurrection of the
body, but firmly believed in a spiritual existence after death. The souls of
wizards were supposed to enter animals — especially bears. — [Hence they
would not eat bear meat. — Ed.] And eagles, owls, crows, and porpoises
were held sacred. * '* * Each village had its church [worship place],
woven of basket-work, and circular in form. This building was sacred ever,
yet was consecrated anew whenever used. A similar but unconsecrated
building served for rehearsal, and the religious education of youth designed
for the priesthood. Only seers and captains, male dancers and female sing-
ers (all of whom took part in the service) were permitted to enter the con-
secrated church except on funeral occasions, when near relatives of the
deceased were also admitted. The services consisted in asking vengeance on
enemies, returning thanks for victory, and rehearsing the merits of dead
heroes; together with the appropriate dances, songs, and gesticulations."

MISSION INCIDENTS.

The original San Gabriel Mission ["Old Mission"] was founded Sep-
tember 8th, 1 77 1, The first baptism was that of a child, November 27th ;
and the whole number of baptisms during the first two years was only 73.
This was deemed poor success ; and in reporting on it Father Junipero Serra
attributed it largely to the bad conduct of the soldiers. He complained that
" the soldiers refused to work, paid no attention to the orders of their worth-
less corporal, drove away the natives by their insolence, and even pursued
them to their rancherias [villages], where they lassoed women for their lust
and killed such males as dared to interfere." [See Bancroft, Hist. Cal.,
Vol. I, p. 181.] And Hugo Reid says of these Indians : "Women used by
the soldiers were obliged to undergo a long purification ; and for a long
time every child born with white blood in its veins was strangled."* They
refused to eat any food given them by white men but buried it in the earth.
Brown sugar they thought to be the excrement of these new comers ; and
cheese they thought was dead men's brains. The padres wanted to convert
the Indians to Christianity as they viewed it, while the soldiers wanted to
conquer and enslave them.

Another report at the end of 1773, says : "At San Gabriel the native
population is larger than elsewhere — so large in fact that more than one
Mission will be needed in that region. [Hence the San Fernando Mission,
which was established September 8th, 1797. — Ed.] The difierent rancherias
[villages] are unfortunately at war with each other, and that near the Mis-
sion [San Gabriel] being prevented from going to the sea for fish, is often in
great distress for food.f Here i/ie conduct of the soldiers causes most trouble ;
but the natives are rapidly being conciliated." — {Hist. Cal., Vol. /, p. 202.']

*It is related that during Friar Zalvidea's incumbency, from iSo6 to 1826, every woman who had the
misfortune to have a miscarriage, or bring forth a still-born child, was presumed to have destroyed it
on purpose because it had a white man as its father, and she was therefore severely punished for
infanticide. Her head was shaved, she was flogged once a day for fifteen days, compelled to wear iron
on her feet, and to sit on the altar steps at church every Sunday for three months holding in her arms
a hideously painted wooden image of a child. This was " doing penance'' for her sin.— 5^^ Hisl. Los
A- Co., p. S3. Le7vis's, iSSg.

t " The Ahapchingas were a clan or rancheria between Los Angeles and San Juan Capistrano, and
enemies of the Gabrielenos or those of San Gabriel."— Ca/. Farmer, May 11, 1860; ciiedin" Native
Races," p. 460.

DIVISION ONK — pre-pasade;nian. 25

That word " conciliated " simply means that the male Indians who had
spirit enough to resist the outrages of the soldiers had either been killed or
had fled to the mountains ; those remaining were cowed down and passively
submitting to their fate. There was indeed an occasional revolt ; and the
old records abound in accounts of floggings, shootings, banishments, sen-
tence to exceptionally hard labor, recapture of fugitive Indians, shaving of
heads, iron on feet, men (and sometimes a man and woman) chained
together by the leg, etc. Hence it would appear that these natives were not
so tame and unspirited a race as is commonly supposed,* for they did make
all the resistance that was possible for them to make with their crude
resources against the superior discipline, weapons and intelligence of the
Spaniards.

THE NAMING OF SAN PASQUAL RANCHO.

Some time during 1774-75 the San Gabriel Mission was moved from
the original site on the banks of the river to its present location ; but some-
time before the removal one of the " conversions " or baptisms was that of
the old chief, Hahamovic, who had furnished food to Governor Portola's
famished party in January, 1770. He was christened by the name of
Pascual [spelled with a "c" in Spanish but "q " in Knglish]. This was a
name of common occurrence in Spanish usage ; but its special adaptation to
him is supposed to have been suggested from the vast and brilliant poppy
fields within or bordering on his tribal territory, and which the Spaniards
had poetically termed the glorious altar cloth of Holy Easter [San Pascual].
At any rate, he was christened " Pascual," and being the hereditary chief
of his clan, he was known to the Spaniards as " Pascual el Capitan," and
his people as the " Pascual Indians." Nevertheless, the Rancho San Pas-
cual in its distinctive character as a rancho, did not take its name from him,
as some writers have supposed — but, as I have narrated elsewhere, it was
given as a land grant by the Mission authorities to Eulalia Perez de Guillen ;
and as the formal assignment of the land to her occurred on Easter Day
[San Pascual in Spanish] therefore this body of land or rancho was called the
San Pascual or Easter Day ranch. This was after the Mission lands were
threatened to be secularized and Mission rule broken up, in 1826-27 ; but as
her claim became forfeited, it does not appear in the official records of title
to the ranch. [For full account see Chap. 3.]

The "Tourists' Guide to South California," page 19-20, gives a pretty
complete list of civilized occupations in which our San Pasqual Indians,
along with others, were trained, many of them becoming voxy skillful work-
men This list has a special historic interest as relating to the intelligence
and tractability of these Indians, and is at the same time useful to the
English reader for explaining the Spanish terms ; hence I quote it here :

" Of this rude, ignorant, useless, savage population the padres made

*This will explain whj' the old stone mill below foot of Lake avenue was built to seiA'e as a fortress,
in case of a possible revolt and siege by the Indians.

26 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

silleros (saddlers), herreros (blacksmiths), sastres (tailors), molineros (mill-
ers), panaderos (bakers), plateros (silversmiths), toneleros (coopers), carga-
dores (freighters), valeros (candle makers), vendemiadores (vintagers),
caldereros (coppersmiths), zapateros (shoemakers), sombrereros (hatters),
comfeleros de panocha (makers of panocha ), guitareros (guitar makers),
arrieros (muleteers), alcaldes (judges), mayordomos (overseers), rancheros
(ranchmen), medicos (doctors), pastores (shepherds), cordileros (rope-
makers), lenyadores (woodcutters), pentores (painters), esculores (sculptors),
albanilos (masons), toreadores (toreadors), acolitos (acolytes), canteros
(stonecutters), sacristanos (sacristans), campaneros (bellringers), cocineros
(cooks), cantores (singers), musicos (musicians), cazadores (hunters), jabon-
eros (soapmakers), curtidores (tanners), tegidores (weavers), tigeros (tile
makers), bordodores (embroiderers), piscatores (fishermen), marineros
(sailors), vinteros (winemakers), caporales (corporals), habradores (farmers),
vaqueros (cattle herders), llaveros (turnkeys), domadores (horse tamers),
barberos (barbers), cesteros (basket makers), and carpenteros (carpenters).
* * * Such a host of skilled workers and producers were developed by
the sagacious training of the savages by the padres."

INDIAN SWEAT HOUSE.

Pasadena's "Sheep Corral Springs" seem to have been a favorite
point and place of resort among the Indians. When our colonists first came
here there were some remains of a small old adobe house on the flat a short
distance above the springs, at the foot of Hanaford's bluff, and an old water
ditch ran from the Arroyo bed out toward the house and down through the
same rich bottom land that is now in use there by Byron O. Clark
as a blackberry orchard, but the ancient adobe and ditch have
entirely disappeared. At that time (1874) there were some pumpkin
vines and other vegetables still occupying the ground, from seed of
former cultivation. John W. Wilson, I. N. Mundell, and others
remember noticing the old adobe walls and water ditch, but had
no idea when or by whom they were made. And Mr. Wilson says when he
first came here, in 1871, there was a similar water ditch on the west side of
the Arroyo bottom a short distance above Devil's Gate, and another one a
little way above his adobe ranch house opposite the end of Logan street,
where he resided about twenty years. These ditches, however, were long
ago filled up and obliterated by vegetable growths and by sand wash from
rains or overflow. They were only remnants of the improvements made by
Carlos Hanewald and John Pine in 1850-51, who had bought from Don
Manuel Garfias a mile square of land for ^2,000, at 48 per cent interest.
[See article on " Complete Chain of Title of the Ranch. "]

A man known as Don Geo. Walter, who was orderly sergeant in Capt.
B. D. Wilson's U. S. company of California soldiers in the Mexican war,
(all captured and made prisoners in a fight at the Chino ranch house in Sep-
tember, 1846,) told some of our colony people that the Indians formerly had
a "sweat house " or Temescal here at the Sheep Corral springs. This was

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADNIAN. 27

a sort of aboriginal Turkish-bath process, peculiar to the South CaHfornia
Indians, for the cure of rheumatism and sundry other ailments, and was un-
doubtedly the pioneer sanitarium of Pasadena, which has been so prolific of
such institutions in these later years. This native sweat-house or hot bath
was operated thus: A hole was dug in the ground deep and large enough
for a man to sit there in the squat posture and have it filled with water up
to his waist. Over this was built a booth or hut of tules, having a small
doorway that could be closed with a mat of woven rushes or some animal
skin. This hole w^ filled with water, and from a fire outside hot stones
were put into it until it was just as hot as the human body could endure,
then the patient sat down in it and the door was closed, but an occasional hot
stone was added to the water to produce steam and make him sweat freely.
The patient was kept there about an hour. After he had been thoroughly
sweated and almost par-boiled, he must rush out and dive head foremost in-
to a ditch filled with cold water deep enough for him to go entirely under,
then get out and take a lively run for a mile or two, when the blood would
go rushing through the system like a race horse and the patient would feel
as fine as a fresh-tuned piano. Sergeant Walter said he once went through
the process there himself with the Indians ; but once was enough for him.
This adventure of Walter's was probably before 1846 ; and the Indians
may have had a ditch or sluice there for their sweat-house business which
was afterward utilized by Hanewald and Pine in 1850, in their search for
placer gold deposits in this Arroyo sandwash.

THE INDIANS AFTER MISSION RULE WAS BROKEN UP.

When the Missions were broken up and their lands sold by the Mexi-
can government in 1835-36-37, most of these Indians were left landless and
helpless, notwithstanding some grants made to them. Some of them worked
for white people, and had some sort of a dwelling place and familyhood on
the ranch where they worked ; while others huddled together in fragments
of tribes among the canyons and mountains, gaining a scant livelihood by
stealing, begging, chopping wood, grubbing greasewood, etc. Even as late
as 1884-85 the fine body of land now known as I^inda Vista was called " In-
dian Flat ' ' because it had been for many years occupied by one of these
fragmental Indian settlements ; and there was another one in a little nook or
canyon up between I^a Canyada* and Crescenta Canyada ; besides single
families occasionally found in out-of-the-way places ; and all living in rude
huts made of sticks, bushes, tule stalks, rushes, and perhaps some fragments
of boards, old matting, bits of threadbare carpet, and other rubbish which
they had picked up.

*An old Spanish Mexican at Pasadena was asked what " Canyada" meant. He put his hands to-
gether, then opened them a little at their thumb side, making a narrow trough shape, and said — " can-
yone! canyone! " Then opening the trough much wider, he said " canyada! canyada! " So canyada is
simply a large wide canyon.

28 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

Farnsworth's book entitled "A Southern California Paradise," page 17,
in speaking of results when the Mission lands were secularized and the civil
rule of the priests broken up, says :

"The Indians were given certain portions of land, and remained at the
Mission, working for the white settlers, until 1862-63, when the small-pox
broke out and spread rapidly among them. The few Indians that escaped
were so effectually frightened that they betook themselves to the mountains
near San Bernardino, where they have since continued."

As to their peculiar skill in basket work, the American Naturalist,
1875, P- 598, says:

"In Utah, Arizona, Southern California, and New Mexico the Indians
depend solely on the Rhus Aromatica, var. tribola (squawberry) for material
out of which to make their baskets. It is far more durable and tougher
than the willow, which is not used by these Indians. * * Baskets made
thus are very durable, will hold water, and are often used to cook in."

Hugo Reid mentions twenty-four principal ranches which had formerly
been lands belonging to the San Gabriel Mission, and among them are San
Pasqual, Santa Anita, Azusa, Cucamonga, Chino, San Jose and Puente.
The domain of this Mission extended from the Arroyo Seco eastward to the
desert, and from the mountains to the sea.

Prof. C. F. Holder, in "All About Pasadena," says :
"In 1852 a report was made by the Hon. B. D. Wilson to the Depart-
ment of the Interior, to the effect that there was then in Santa Barbara, Tu-
lare, Los Angeles, and San Diego counties, about fifteen thousand Indians,
comprising the Tularenos, Cahuillas, San Luisenos, and Diegenos. Thirty
years later another report was made showing a decrease of ten thousand ; the
remaining five thousand are fast disappearing."*

In the same work, page 68-69, Prof. Holder again says:
' ' The Giddings ranch [at mouth of Millard canyon] is the site of an ex-
tremely old settlement ; and for years objects of various kinds, mostly old
and broken, have been plowed up. They were generally flat, shallow mor-
tars, [metates] of a dark stone, with short, flat grinding or mealing stones.
In following the plow of Mr. Giddings I have seen pieces of mortars or
pestles thrown up every few moments, showing that large numbers must
have been left here ; and as they were buried a foot or more below the sur-
face, it is evident that they were older than many others found upon the sur-
face. The old town was situated at what is now the beginning of the road
leading down into Millard canyon ; f and the assumption is that the women
went up into the canyon to collect acorns, which were brought down to the
village to be ground. Ever}' year at plowing time, which comes between
November and Christmas, specimens are unearthed. * * * Also on the
San Rafael ranch, opposite the west end of California street, many interest-
ing specimens have been found ; and the author has picked them up in var-
ious parts of the city. Few of the older residents but possess a collection of
some size. ' '

*In some streets of this little city [Los Angeles, 1852] almost every house is a grog shop for In-
dians."— B. D. Wilson's Report as Indian Agent.

fSee article entitled " A pirate prisoner in the Pasadena mountains."

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. ■ 29

INDIAN HORSE-EATERS IN PASADENA. TWO WHITE MEN KILLED.

Judge Eaton has narrated for this History the following incidents :
"When I first came out here Don Manuel Garfias told me that I would
be exposed to incursions during the spring, from the Pah ute Indians, who
were in the habit of coming in through the mountain passes to steal horses
to eat. They employed no skill in catching them, but relied upon such an-
imals as they might find at the end of a picket rope ; or slipping quietly
upon a band when lying down in the night, and lassoing one while sleeping.
I had been at Fair Oaks only long enough to get a pair ot bronchos trained
to drive in a buggy, when without any notice whatever, their picket ropes
were cut close to the pickets and the horses taken. They were within a
hundred yards of my house, but the thing was done so still and sly that
they did not alarm the household. I started out a couple of Mexican boys
on their trail and in an hour they returned with one animal that they caught by
the picket rope. After breakfast I despatched a boy to B. D. Wilson's but
on his way down he saw the other three horses coming from the Santa
Anita ranch full tilt, with their picket ropes trailing behind them. They
did not stop until they got into one of the ranch bands, and the boy drove
them all up to my corral. This was Monday. On Wednesday night I took
them out after dark and hid them in a belt of oak timber, back of the house.
The next morning two of them, a. pair of handsome grays, were gone. I
mounted one of the Mexicans on a horse and sent him in pursuit. He
traced them into Santa Anita canyon, but having no arms he was afraid to
go farther and returned. After a lapse of so much time it was useless to
prosecute the search, as the Indians had probably killed the horses when
they got fairly into the mountains, and packed off the meat on their backs,
[This was in 1865. — Ed.] The summer following there came onto the ranch
a band of desert Cahuillas, ten bucks and one squaw. They made head-
quarters near the base of the mountains, never showing themselves in the
daytime, and making nightly raids on the neighboring settlers, carrying off
calves that .they found in the corrals. I saw their tracks occasionally, but
apprehended no danger from them, though I felt a little anxiety about my
family during the day, when I was absent in the canyon, and not a soul
nearer than three miles upon whom they could call for assistance. At that
time an old man, Sam Kramer, had charge of Dr. Griffin's stock of brood
mares and colts, and lived in the old ranch house. One day, I think it was
in May, the man who at the time had charge of the Stoneman place, came
along accompanied by a friend of his from I,os Angeles, and asked Kramer
if he would not join them in a bee-hunt up the Arroyo Seco. As he could
not join them they rode on, and that was the last time they were seen alive.
The next day as Kramer was riding over the ranch looking after his stock,
he discovered in one of the bands a horse with saddle and bridle on. Driving
the band to the corral he fonnd that the horse was the same one ridden by
his neighbor the day before, and the saddle was covered with blood. Im-
mediately notifying the family and summoning assistance, they commenced
a search for the body of the missing man. Following the tracks of the bee-
hunters up the bed of the Arroyo, to a point opposite the west end of Cali-
fornia street, they found a deserted Indian camp. The occupants had ap-
parently left in haste, dropping an old soldier coat, and a small bag of pan-
ole, (parched corn ground or pounded into meal.)

"Following the horse tracks which indicated that their riders were

30 . HISTORY OF PASADENA.

making all possible speed, they were led up into the thick brush upon the
eastern bank of the Arroyo. Half way up the hill they encountered the
body of one of the victims, stark dead. An arrow pierced his heart to the
center. Upon withdrawing it they found the arrow head was of glass.
They then remembered that they had seen at the camp just left, the rem-
nants of a black bottle out of which the Indians had been constructing
arrowheads. The body had not been molested in any way. The dead man
had a Derringer pistol in his hand which had been recently discharged.
The other man could not be found, but on the following day his horse and
bloody saddle entered ont of the ranch herds, and the search was continued,
with the result that not far from the spot where the first man was found lay
the body of his companion. He had been killed by a single arrow piercing
the heart, but entering at the back. This arrow was also pointed with a
head made of black glass. These are two of the most remarkable arrow shots
ever heard of. The body of this man had not been disturbed either. In
his hand was a revolver with one barrel freshly discharged, and in his
pocket was found nearly $40. It was evident therefore that the object was
not robbery. The mystery attending this tragedy was never thoroughly ex-
plained. The theory was that these men, coming suddenly upon the band
of apparently wild Indians, (for they wore no clothes but breech-
clouts, no hats, and were armed with bows and arrows,) attacked them with
their pistols. The Indians returned the fire with the results already told.
They suddenly left for their homes in the mountains of the desert country.
Only one man ever saw them, and irom him I obtained a description of the
band but too late to pursue them.

"Two years after the above occurrence the people around the outskirts
of San Bernardino were annoyed by frequent thefts of calves from their cor-
rals. A party started in pursuit of the marauders, and overtaking them
before they reached their mountain home, captured them and gave them a
drum-head court-martial and executed them on the spot. Indians, after they
find there is no escape from death, boast of the scalps they have taken, so
now did the chief of this party boast of having killed two white men in the
Arroyo Seco a couple of years before. And that is all we ever learned of
this remarkable event."

HELEN HUNT JACKSON'S WORK.

Hon. Abbott Kinney, in the Pasadena Valley Union of September 5,
1885, speaking of the then recent death of Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson, who
was associated with him on the U. S. Indian Commission, says :

"Helen Hunt Jackson was a woman of warm heart, poetic insight, and
large cultivation. Her sympathies were wide enough to have a place for
every one in distress whom she knew. She was as much at home and as
welcome at the .scanty fireside of the hovel as in the palace of the rich. The
Mission Indians of Southern California, for the most part an industrious and
much injured people, have much to thank Mrs. Jackson for in the improved
condition of their land tenures, their good schools, and the more intelligent
course of the government toward them. Her poems, novels and essays
have been widely read ; many of them are of a high order of merit, and
some of her poems are gems, true to nature, simple and touching, that have
in them the qualities of perpetual endurance. "Ramona" is her last great
work. It has been well said that it is by far the best novel ever written

DIVISION ONK — PRE-PASADENIAN. 3 1

with the scene laid in California, and it is properly a California novel. It is
a poem in prose, and is of universal interest, as it deals with the true and
simple feelings of humanity. Every incident in this book is founded on
fact. From the ejectment at Temecula to the killing of the husband and
acquittal of his murderer, the basis of every statement is susceptible of
proof."

WHY NO INDIAN GRAVES AT PASADENA ?

In a letter to me July ii, 1894, Prof. C. F. Holder raised this question, and
I quote his remarks :

' ' One question has interested me greatly — where did the San Gabriel
Indians bury their dead ? I have never found a skeleton, nor heard of one
being found. Graves are common at Catalina and Santa Barbara ; but a
Pasadena place of Indian burial has not been found."

The answer is that cremation was practised by our Indians. Taylor's
Indianology, cited in the California J^armer of June 8, i860, sa^^s : " From
north to south in the present California up to the Columbia river, they burnt
the dead in some tribes and in others buried them."

In Schoolcraft's Archaeology, Vol. 3, page 112, Gibbs reports from the
Pacific coast Indians : ' ' The body is consumed upon a scaffold built over a
hole, into which the ashes are thrown and covered."

Father Geronimo Boscana, who served as a missionary among the
Indians of Southern California nearly 30 years, and died at San Gabriel
July 5, 1831, left a MSS. account of these Indians in Spanish, which was
translated by Alfred Robinson, a Boston man, who was in California as a
trade manager and traveler from February, 1829, until 1845 ; and it was
published by Wiley & Putnam, New York, in 1846, as an appendix to Rob-
inson's own work, entitled " lyife in California." On the matter in question
Father Boscana, at page 239, says : " The bodies of their dead were imme-
diately burnt." Again, page 268: "The parents of the deceased were
permitted afterwards to take possession of the body and perform the accus-
tomed ceremony of burning it." And yet again, page 314, he says : "Pre-
parations were made for his sepulture or the burning of his body ; * '^ *
they bore the corpse to the place of sacrifice, where it was laid upon the
faggots. Then the friends of the deceased retired, and the "burner" set
fire to the pile, and remained near the spot until all was consumed to
ashes."

Hugo Reid gives a somewhat diiferent account. He says :

"When a person died all the kin collected to lament his or her loss.
* * * Xhis was continued until the body showed signs of decay, when
it was wrapped up in its covering with the hands across the breast and tied
from head to foot. A grave having been dug in their burial place, the body
was interred according to the means of the family, etc. If deceased was the
head of a family or a favorite son, ^/le hut was set fire to, in which he died,
and all of his goods and chattels burned with it."

32 HISTORY OP PASADKNA.

Father Boscana was a pioneer missionary among these Indians, while
Reid wrote from hearsay long after they had become partly Christianized.

Governor Fages [1771] and various other writers, give varying accounts
of burial practice. But taking all the testimony in the case, and the cir-
cumstantial evidence besides, I am safe in stating that our Pasadena abo-
rigines burned their dead ; and so that is why no graves or skeletons have
ever been found, nor any general place of sepulture. The fact is, when the
' 'hut' ' was burned the body was burned with it. And in other cases the body
was laid on a hurdle of sticks and brush over a hole in the ground, as Gibbs
reports, and as the body and brushwood consumed together they dropped
into the hole, and things belonging to the deceased were then thrown in
also, and the cavity filled up. This was the grave, and this is how it
happens that a metate or some other stone relic is occasionally found " three
or four feet down," as Prof. Holder says in his letter given in another chap-
ter, while ordinarily these things are covered so shallow with vegetable
mould, or drifted sand and dust, that they are turned up by the farmer's
plow, which usually cuts only from six to ten inches deep.

"Old Francesca," who was born at lyos Nietos in 1794, and is still living
as a resident of Pasadena, told me on September 23rd, 1894, that she had
always understood that "the Indians here burned their dead, before they
becajne Christians ; " but she had never seen it done herself.

Senora Lopez also related an incident of an Indian coming to life again
in the San Gabriel church while they were preparing to bury him, some
time during Father Sanchez's administration. He was an old man, a wood-
chopper ; his body had been prepared for burial and left in the church over
night. The next day at the hour set for the funeral his relatives and the
people and priest went in to complete the burial service and lay him away
in the graveyard north of the church. But now to their astonishment and
fright he raised up, and said faintly in the Indian language, " Mamma, I
want some water." He recovered and lived several years afterward.
Senora lyopez and old Francesca, then young women together at San
Gabriel, once asked him what he saw while he Was dead, and he replied,
" Lights, lights — up high — and a pretty road ! — high, too high ! — I was
so tired — I couldn't go up, — so I had to come back ! — so tired ! ' '

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN.

33

CHAPTER II.

The San Gabriel MissiON.-Its successive padres.-Its trades and industries.-Claudio
Lopez, and other secular officers.-The story of the Mills.-Joseph Chapman the
Yankee prisoner, in the Mount Lowe "Grand Canyon "-i8i8.-Secularization of
the Mission.— Don Juan Bandini as administrator.— Earthquake in 1812 —Ship
built there in 1831; etc., etc.

THE SAN GABRIEL MISSION.

The old Mission church at San Gabriel has so much historic interest to
Pasadena people and our tourist visitors, and is so closely connected with
the old Rancho San Pasqual, that I must give a few points of its history here
in consecutive order :

Photo for "Laud of Sunshine," Sept., IS'.H.
OLD STONE CHURCH, SAN GABRIEL,

Which was in process of erection from 1790 to 1808.

On September 8th, 1771, the San Gabriel Mission was first established,
by padres Angel Somera and Pedro Cambon, on the west bank of the river
which had been up to this time called Rio San Miguel, but from that date
was called Rio San Gabriel.* The site was what is still called "Old Mis-
sion", and an Indian village called in their language Ismithcog-na, stood
close by.

In 1772 Somera and Cambon retired and Padres Paterna and Antonio
Cruzado took charge, the latter remaining until October 12, 1804.

c ti- ^y°^^ Wilson in his " History of Los Angeles Co." published in i88o bj- Thompson & West,
says this river was first called "Rio de los Temblores", and many other writers have followed him.
uuiit IS an entire mistake, for that name was applied only to the Santa Ana river, unless by mistake.

34 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

In September, 1775, padre Francisco Miguel Sanchez took Paterna's
place, and remained until July 27, 1803, when he died. Padre Calzada
was also here until 1792.

1792-93 : Padre Cristobal Oramas.

1794-96: Padre Juan Martin.

1798-99 : Padre Juan Lope Cortes.

July, 1797 to October, 1802 : Padre Pedro de San Jose Esteban.

In 1775-76 the Mission was removed to its present location, the Indian
village of Sibag-na being near this site. An adobe structure was built here
for a church at first, but its walls cracked and became unsafe, and the pro-
ject of building a stone church was commenced. The records are strangely
and stupidly meager ; but it appears that in 1794 the stone church was about
half completed: and in 1800 it was still unfinished. {Hist. Cal., Vol. /, p.
664..) Of the present location J. Albert Wilson writes :

' ' The site now occupied by the San Gabriel Mission buildings and the
adjacent village, was a complete forest of oaks, with considerable under-
wood. The water composing the lagoon of the mill (one and a half miles
distant) then lodged in a hollow near the Mission on the Los Angeles road.
This hollow was a complete thicket of sycamores, cottonwood, larch, ash,
and willow ; and was almost impassable from the dense undergrowth of
brambles, nettles, palmacristi, wild rose and wild vines. Cleared of these
encumbrances, this land (which then possessed a rich black soil, though
now a sandy waste) served to grow the first crops ever produced in Los An-
geles county. [Note. — This is a mistake, for some corn, beans, barley, and
garden stuff had been raised at Old Mission, before the removal — Ed.]
Near by stood the Indian village Sibag-na. Bears innuinerable [?] prowled
about the dwellings, and deer sported in the neighborhood." — Thompson &
West Hist. Los A. Co., p. 20.

1802 to 1804 : Padre Isidoro Barcenilla.

In 1803-04, and again from 1806 to January 14, 181 1, when he died,
padre Francisco Dumetz was here. He had been forty years a missionary,
and was the last survivor in California of the original band that came here
with Father Junipero Serra.

1803 to 1813 : Padre Jose de Miguel. Then he went to San Fernando
Mission, and died there June 2, 18 14.

From August, 1804, to September, 1806 : Padre Jose Antonio Urresti.

In 1806 Padre Jose Maria Zalvidea was placed in charge of this Mis-
sion ; and for twenty years he pushed its development and managed its af-
fairs with vigor and rigor and masterful ability. He was a severe and rigid
disciplinarian ; he worked hard himself and made everybody else work hard ;
some of his regulations, both religious and secular, were diabolically harsh,
cruel and torturous; the Indians both male and female were reduced to a con-
dition of virtual slavery, under taskmasters armed with buUwhips made from
strips of rawhide. Any show of resistance was punished with ruthless

DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADENIAN. 35

severity, until all Indians who had pluck and grit enough to rebel were
either killed, or escaped to the mountains or broken in spirit — for it must be
remembered that the Indians had only clubs, wooden spears, bows and ar-
rows, or stones for weapons, while the Spanish soldiers on guard duty at
the Missions had muskets ; and this is why so few could overcome and hold
in servitude so many. In fact the Indians at the Mission were not allowed
to keep in possession weapons of any sort. Nevertheless, Zalvidea's iron-
handed harshness of rule here was no worse than had been carried on by
Spanish ecclesiastics against heretics or heathens in Europe and Mexico and
South America, or by Americans in the slave-holding portions of the United
States prior to i860. Hence it is not for us to throw stones at this austere
padre. His policy resulted in a most brilliant and famous commercial suc-
cess for this particular Mission ; the blood and sweat of his enslaved
"neophytes " (the "converted " Indians were always thus called) was ver-
itably coined into money. He finished the stone church ; built the great
dam, saw mill and stone grist mill at Wilson lake ; brought water in ditches
from the San Gabriel river beyond Monrovia to irrigate field crops, orchards
and vineyards ; established numerous distinct mechanical trades to manu-
facture or prepare for market the products of flocks, herds, fields, and the
chase, and assigned Indians to each kind of work, with a taskmaster over
them ; carried on a large trade with ships at San Pedro from Mexico, South
America, Spain, United States and other countries, selling them hides, tal-
low, soap, candles, wines, grain, peltries, shoes, etc. But the settlers at lyos
Angeles, and the ranch people of the region round about, and the people of
other Missions, were also large purchasers from the San Gabriel work-
shops.* To give an idea of the extent of the business carried on by Zal-
videa (with the very efficient aid of his famous major domp^ CJ.^dipXpoez) ,
I have compiled a schedule of the different trades : X«-i'0'/^OC> #

Butchers — Slaughter men, who killed, skinned and dressed beeves,
sheep, etc. , separating the hides, tallow and meat to the different workers in
each article. Theodore lyOpez pointed out to me the place on the banks of
the Arroyo west of the village where one hundred cattle were slaughtered
every Saturday as rations for the 3,000 to 4,000 Indians during the ensuing
week, when his grandfather was major domo there.

Hide-dressers — who prepared hides, sheepskins, deerskins, etc., for sale
or shipment.

Tallow-workers — who operated vast iron cauldrons procured from whal-
ing ships, for trying out tallow by the ton and running it into underground
brick vaults, some of which would hold a shipload of it in one solid mass,
keeping it there safe from becoming rancid or being stolen until some ship

* " The town of I,os Angeles was formally founded September 4, 1781— just ten years (less four days)
after the establishment of Sail Gabriel Mission. * * For many ytars afterward Los Angeles was but a
countrj' outpost of San Gabriel Mission ; and its iew people were always fflad enough to visit the Mis-
sion, there to purchase its weekly supplies, and witness the Sunday festivities,' — 7. & IV. Hiit Los A.
Co., p. 2^.

36 " HISTORY OF PASADENA.

was ready to take a cargo of it ; then it was cut out in great blocks
and hauled on carts to San Pedro.* This work was carried on for many-
years a few rods south of the present old Mission church just below the
S. P. R. R. track. In August, 1894, I found some remaining ruins of these
ancient tallow vaults still visible in the Bishop's orange orchard which is
enclosed by a high picket fence below the railroad.

Meatdriers — who prepared jerked beef, sun-dried, for local use and to
sell or trade. t The Indians preserved their meat in this way before the
Spaniards came.

Candlemakers — who made tallow dips for selling to ships and in the
general market. These were the staple articles for household or ship-light-
ing purposes at that time.

Soap-makers — Hogs were raised chiefly to furnish soap fat, as the In-
dians refused to eat hog meat, though the padres ate it,| and the same caul-
drons and furnaces were used alternately for tallow rendering and soap boil-
ing. The ashes from these furnaces and from the brick and tile works, and
bake ovens, were used to leech lye for the soapmakers.

Tanners — who made dressed leather, and also tanned skins and peltries
with hair or fur on.

Saddlers — The ranches furnished an immense market for these products
and it became an important industry ; for horse-back riding was then the
chief method of travel or movement in California.

Shoemakers — Shoes were made for the Mission people, although the
Indians mostly went barefooted ; and some were sold to the ranches and
town settlements, and to ships at San Pedro.

Sawmill Men — Prior to about 18 10 or 181 2, such lumber as was ab-
solutely necessary was provided either by hewing or splitting with axe, or
sawing by hand, with two men above and two in a pit below the log to
work the saw up and down ; ^ but now Zalvidea had the great dam built at
Wilson lake and a water-power sawmill erected below the dam, to provide
lumber for buildings, fences, carts, wine vats, candle and soap boxes, coop-
erage, etc., etc. And the labor of cutting and fetching logs, operating the
mill and delivering the lumber employed many men.

Grist Mill Men — Following or in connection with the building of the

*" The tallow he had laid down in large, arched stone vaults, of sufficient capacitj' to contain several
cargoes." — Robinson's "'Life in California" p. 3$. This was at San Fernando Old Mission, in April,
1829 ; and it had to be quarried out and hauled to San Pedro, the same as the San Gabriel stock. Davis
in his book, "Sixty Years in California," .says the tallow was sometimes run into bags made of hides
that would hold from 500 to 1000 pounds each.

1" The best part of the bullock was preserved by drying, for future consumption."— 5/'.r/j' Years in
California p. 36. Another writer of date November 23, 1818, says : " My good mother was in a wagon
[cart] which had two hides for a floor and two more for a roof, where after supping on half-roasted
ships of dried meat ivithoul salt, she gathered around her her whole family," etc.

|"The Indians, with few exceptions, refuse to eat pork, alleging the whole hog family to be
transformed Spaniards. I find this belief current through every nation of Indians in Mexico." —
—Hugo Reid.

i," Old men rejoicing in the fame of witchcraft, he made sawyers of them all, keeping them like
hounds lu couples [chained], and so they worked, two above and two below in the pit." — Hugo Reid.

Santa Anita Canyon derived its old nickname of " Saw-pit canyon," from this early practice.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 37

dam and sawmill at the lake, the stone grist mill was erected. Prior to this,
the Spanish people of the Mission had depended for their breadstuff on In-
dians who still used th-eir old primitive metate and raealing-stone imple-
ments to supply meal for the entire Mission populace. But now, with a
water-power grist mill of their own, the first one ever built in California,*
they would be independent of the uncertain ship supplies from L<ower Cali-
fornia or Mexico, and would make breadstuff for their own use and some to
sell. So hauling and handling the grain, operating the mill and delivering
the flour employed a distinct lot of both men and women. The mill pro-
duced only coarse unbolted meal, whether of wheat, corn, or barley, and this
was carried to store-rooms where Indian women put it through a rude pro-
cess of sifting, and so furnished some "sifted flour" for the Mission bakers.
[See article entitled "The Story of the Mills," farther on.] General John
Bid well, a California pioneer of 1841, writing in the Century Magazine oi
December, 1890, describes an Indian harvesting scene thus:

" Imagine three or four hundred wild Indians in a grain field, armed,
some with sickles, some with butcher knives, some with pieces of hoop iron
roughly fashioned into shapes like sickles, but many having only their
hands with which to gather by small handfuls the dry, brittle grain, and as
their hands would soon become sore, they resorted to dry willow sticks,
which were split to afford a sharper edge with which to sever the straw. But
the wildest part was the threshing. The harvest of weeks, sometimes of a
month, was piled up in the straw in the form of a mound in the middle of a
high, strong, round corral ; then three or four hundred wild horses were
turned in to thresh it by treading, the Indians whooping to make them run
faster. Suddenly they would dash in before the band at full speed, when
the motion became reversed, with the effect of plowing up the trampled
straw to the very bottom. In an hour the straw would be thoroughly
threshed and the dry straw broken almost into chaff. In this manner I have
seen two thousand bushels of wheat threshed in a single hour. Next came
the winnowing, which would often take another month. It could only be
done when the wind was blowing, by throwing high into the air shovelfuls
of the grain, straw and chaff, the lighter materials being wafted to one side
while the grain, comparatively clean, would descend and form a heap by it-
self. In this manner all the grain in California was cleaned. At that day
no such thing as a fanning mill had ever been brought to this coast."

Such scenes as the above were yearly enacted in the grain fields of San
Gabriel Mission, under padres Zalvidea and Sanchez.

Carpenters — This trade comprised wheelwrights, cartmakers, boxmakers
and fence builders, as well as those who did such woodwork as was necessary
about their buildings — laying floors, joists and rafters, putting in doors and
windows, making bench seats, and the like. Their "carretas " were great
clumsy ox carts with wheels made of blocks sawed or chopped off from the
end of a large round log, then abig hole bored, chiseled and burned through

*Davis, " Sixty Years in California," tells of a gristmill built at Verba Buena [San Francisco] in
1839, and calls it Va^ first one in California. Big mistake, by twenty-five years at least.

38 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

its center, enabling it to turn on a rude wooden axle, soap or tallow being
sometimes used for lubricants.* The making and repairing of these carts
for themselves and ranchers made work for many men, besides the wheel-
wright work for the mills.

Blacksmiths — California native horses were tough hoofed, and horse-
shoeing was scarcely known at the Mission ; but carts and mill gears, and
plows, harrows, hoes, picks, shovels, etc., made business enough for this
trade. The blacksmiths had to provide their own coal, and hence this trade
included charcoal burners.

Brickyard Men — Making bricks and tiles was an important trade. I
found four arched chambers in the old stone mill, besides other parts, where
large square bricks were used of their own manufacture ; and also in the
ruins of the tallow vaults in the Bishop's orange orchard. The church was
originally roofed with thatch ; then with tiles, — but these proved too heavy,
broke down the rafters, and had to be changed for shingles ; and the stone
mill had a tile roof until Col. Kewen changed it in 1859.! In 1831 there
were in Los Angeles four houses roofed with tiles made by the Indians at
San Gabriel.

Masons — This included both brick and stone masons, and cement or
artificial stone artisans. Much of their artificial stone or cement work
stands yet, as hard as bed rock ; and there is a tradition that the old cement
ditch south of the church was made by mixing it with beeves' blood, which
is said to account for its extraordinary hardness as found by the railroad
graders when they had to cut through it. The Spanish, Irish and Chinese
workmen on the railroad grade all believed this bloody fable.

Limeburners — This trade was carried on quite extensively at the
cement quarry where the Lincoln Park reservoir in South Pasadena is now
built, right in the ancient lime pit of Father Zalvidea's "converted " Indian
limeburners. The cement for the Mission church, and for the stone dams
at Wilson lake and on Rose's ranch, and for the stone mill, the later cement
ditch and mill-pit ruins south of the church, and for other works, was all
obtained at this Lincoln Park quarry.

Spinners and Weavers — The wom,en were almost entirely assigned to
this trade, taking the raw wool and carrying it by hand methods through
all the stages of carding, spinning, dyeing, weaving, until it came out as
cloth or shawls from the looms.

Tailors and Dressmakers — This was also a trade for women. They

*" The wheels of these carts were a foot wide, made ol sections of oak logs, never quite round or of
uniform thickness, running on equally clumsy axles which were never in the center of the wheel, nor at
right angles with the sides Age and wear added to these imperfections, and the wheels when in motion
made a tortuous track. As for some reason, or perhaps for no reason at all, these wheels were never
lubricated, they made a wonderfully plaintive noise as they rolled along. This was the only wheeled
conveyance seen on the coast as late as 1840." — Overland Monthly, March, iS<)4, p. 266.

tSorae portion of the old roof was asphalt. The early Spaniards had some kn;wledge of the uses
of this material ; and its existence here is mentioned in the reportsof Gov. Portola's first visit, 1769-70.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 39

made all the garments for men, women and children of the work people;*
for it must be borne in mind all the time that all these Indian people, num-
bering at one period as high as 4,000, were dependent on Father Zalvidea
or Father Sanchez, for all their clothing and food, and could only have what
he allowed them. This Mission was at this time a perfect ecclesiastical
monarchy, or padrearchy.

Vintyiers — This included vinedressers and winemakers.

Coopers — This trade alone was kept in the hands of white men (just
why, I do not know), while all the others were carried on by Indians under
taskmasters.

Woodsmen — These were wood-choppers, and those who made shakes
[split shingles], rived out the undressed staves for wine casks and barrels,
hewed building timbers, worked in the sawpits, and all such work as was
done in the mountains or canyons where the timber grew.

In addition to the foregoing, there were task classes of cattle herders,
horse herders, sheep herders, agriculturists, orchardists, teamsters, besides
bakers, cooks, pages, poulterers and other domestic trades. And thus it will
be seen that the man who could systematically develop and supervise all
these works, govern the entire Mission territory, acquire the Indian language
so as to write and preach in it, and at the same time attend to his daily and
weekly duties as a priest, was a man of real genius and extraordinary execu-
tive talent. And such was Father Zalvidea, who ruled at San Gabriel from
1806 to 1826 ; then he was sent to San Juan Capistrano where he remained
until 1842, when he was sent to San L,uis Rey Mission, and died there early
in 1846 — probably in February.

1813-14: Padre Luis Gil y Taboada, commonly known as "Father Gil."
He is mentioned as going from San Gabriel to dedicate the new church at
the Plaza in Los Angeles, December 8, 1822 ; but whether he had been at
San Gabriel all this time I did not find out. (Father Gil, in August, 18 14,
laid the corner stone for a church at Los Angeles; but that building never
was erected any farther.)

From March, 1814, to December 30, 1821 (the date of his death), padre
Joaquin Pascual Nuez.

1821 to 1826 thence to 1833, padre Jose Bernardo Sanchez.

From 1826 to July, 5, 1831, when he died, padre Geronimo Boscana,
who wrote the account of Indian myths, traditions and religious beliefs
that was translated by Alfred Robinson and published under the title of
" Chinigchinich," as an appendix to Robinson's own chapters on " Life in
California," published in 1846.

*The spinning, weaving and tailoring women were in charge of Eulalia Perez de Guillen, the first
owner of Rancho San Pasqual. She instructed them, cut out the garments, and had a general oversight
of their work. She was cashier or paymaster of the Mission; she kept the keys of the storehouses and
dealt out the weeklj' rations. .She also had charge of the money room where little bags of silver dollars
were piled up all around as high as she could reach ; and all disbursements of money were made by her
on order of the chief padre ; and she kept the accounts.

40 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

From 1826 to 1833 the Friar Superior at San Gabriel was padre Jose
Bernardo Sanchez, a friend of Zalvidea, who had been his colleague since the
death of padre Nuez in December, 182 1 ; and he continued the system of
task work, of manufactures and trade already established ; and up to 1830
or ' 3 1 he sustained the business prestige and prosperity of the Mission quite
to the full — but by this time the disintegrating and demoralizing effects of
prospective secularization had begun its work among the Indians. They
gradually found out that they were not to be slaves any longer, but free
men — and so they would work less and less; get drunk, gamble, or stray
oJ0f more and more ; and thus the whole great business steadily declined,
and at last went out altogether.*

1832 to '36 : Padre Alexis Bachelot.

January 15, 1833 Padre Sanchez died at San Gabriel, and he was suc-
ceeded by Padre Tomas Eleuterio Estenega. In 1843 the entire business of
the Mission was put into Estenega's hands, there being no income to sup-
port a major domo any more; and in 1844 he was assisted by the presbyter,
Antonio M. Jimenez.

June 8, 1846, the Mission property was all sold by Governor Pio Pico
to Hugo Reid and Wm. Workman. Reid was then justice of the peace,
and also auxiliary administrator of the Mission estate, which was heavily in
debt; they bought it subject to debts and other encumbering stipulations,
and Reid as administrator already had possession. But when Stockton and
Fremont took possession of the country for the United States, in August,
1846, they declared Governor Pico's sale of the property not in accordance
with Mexican law and equity in such cases, and thereupon ousted Reid and
Workman, and put Manuel Olvera in charge of the property, the same as
he had been from October, 1845, to the time of the purchase above men-
tioned.

In February or March, '1847, Padre Estenega died; and he was suc-
ceeded by Padre Ordaz, who remained, but only as curate or parish priest,
until 1850; and I follow the clerical line of officials no further.

SECULAR OFFICERS OF THE MISSION.

But now, to go back again : From the founding of the Mission up to
1798, Jose Maria Verdugo (he of Verdugo ranch fame) was corporal of the
guard here ; and he was then succeeded by Pedro Poyorena — but there
seems to be no further record on this line. [Records lost.]

The first inajor domo [general overseer] was Jose Miguel Flores. He
died in 1796. And the records so far as found do not seem to show by name
any successor until Claudio Eopez is named as major domo from 1821 until
February, 1836. But I am informed by his daughter-in-law, Senora Maria

*The fatal defect of this whole Spanish system was that no eflfort was made to educate the Indians,
or teach them to read, and think and act lor themselves. Hence, as soon as the Mission authority over
them was broken they fell back into barbarism again.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 4I

Guillen de Lopez, who is still living at San Gabriel, and also by her son
Theodore Lopez, that Claudio Lopez served there as major domo thirty-six
years or thereabouts — that is, both before and after and all through the ad-
ministration of Padre Zalvidea and Padre Sanchez. This seems hard to be-
lieve, yet no records have been found to show anybody else there in that
office; and "old Francesca," the hundred-year-old Spanish woman, still
living here at Pasadena, told me substantially the same as to Claudio Lo-
pez's wonderfully long service at San Gabriel.* Hence I conclude that he
was probably the successor of major domo Flores, with perhaps some tem-
porary appointee in between for two or three years. The History of Califor-
nia, vol. 4., p. yi7, says he settled in Los Angeles in 1811, and that he was
alcalde [judge] there in 1826 ; but all this would not hinder his being major
domo at San Gabriel at the same time. Rancho San Pasqual was part of
the Mission lands; Major Claudio was the overseer or head "boss" of all
the agricultural, stock-raising, herding and other industries of the Mission —
and thus he was the first man who ever made any civilized use or occu-
pancy of these acres where Pasadena now stands. ^

In February, 1836, Lopez was succeeded by Juan Jose Rocha ; and in
1837 Rocha was succeeded by Juan Perezf who served until March i, 1843,
when he turned everything over to Padre Estenega. Yet in 1845 Crispin
Perez's name occurs as major domo ; and in October in this year he is suc-
ceeded by Manuel Olvera, who served until the property was taken in
possession by Hugo Reid for himself and Workman as purchasers, July 8,
1846. Then in August or September of this year Stockton and Fremont
annulled Reid's purchase and put Olvera in charge again.

The United States Land Commission abrogated all sales that had been
made of the church building and its garden and cemetery grounds, and
restored them to the church authorities ; but sales of outlying lands were
confirmed. However, in 1875, the Commission also confirmed to Bishop
Alemany as church property 55^ acres south of the church, where the
Chapman mill, and tallow works and other industries formerly stood, and
now known as the " Bishop's orchard, or garden," it having a fine orange
grove on it, all fenced in.

In 1885 considerable repairs were made on the old Mission church. Its
original heavy doors of iron and wood had decayed much, and were renewed,
besides other patching and mending, which gave the structure less of the
ancientness of appearance than it had before. It is still in regular use every
Sunday as a Catholic church.

*Governor Pio Pico was born at San Gabriel May 5, 1801. Eulalia Perez de Guillen officiated as
midwife at his birth ; and her family say that Claudio I,opez was there as major domo then.

fBancroft gives this name erroneously as "Jose" Perez. I find that there were four of these
Perez brothers, to-wit : Eranio Perez, whose wife was Vicente Lugo, one ol the four daughters of Don
Antonio Lugo. Juan Perez, father of our Pasadena 100-year old woman, old Francesca Lugo, whose hus-
band, Don Felipe Lugo, was brother to Eranio Perez's wife. Esteban Petez, whose son Jose was the
first white man who ever made a home on Rancho San Pasqual, this Jose's vpife being Merced Lugo,
sister to his uncle Eranio's wife, but afterwards wife of Stephen C. Foster, a Yankee from New England.
Crispin Perez, who was major domo at San Gabriel in 1845. And these four Perez brothers were cousins
to Eulalia Perez de Guillen, the first owner of Rancho San Pasqual.

42 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

THE STORY OF THE MILLS.

' 'The Old Mill ' ' is one of the historic spots near Pasadena for romantic
people and history hunters to visit, as a relic of the old Spanish Mission
days. But it is a fact, though little known, that there are really two old
Mission mills partly remaining, besides a private one built by Daniel Sex-
ton at East San Gabriel. The history of the two Mission mills has been
woefully mixed, confused, transposed ; and I found it necessary to expend a
vast deal of time, patience, perseverance, research, personal inquiry of living
witnesses, and personal examination of the remaining parts of the structures,
before I could unravel the tangled threads of error running through every
account of " the old mill " that has appeared in print hitherto. Even some
of the attempts at sober history in the matter have been little better than
romantic fancy. It is so much easier and pleasanter to imagine how it
"might have been " than it is to hunt up facts as to how it really was.

MILL NO. I — THE OLD STONE MILL.
This was the first grist mill to be run by water power ever attempted
to be built in California, and was erected under the administration of Padre
Zalvidea, with Claudio lyopez as major domo — in about 1810 to 1812.*
Very little grain had been raised on the Mission lands until after Zalvidea
took charge, in 1806 ; and the small amount of corn, wheat and barley pro-
duced was made into meal by the Indian women with their old native
metates and mealing stones, while the men were kept busy at heavier work,
mostly of the building sort, besides looking after the flocks and herds which
furnished their principal food supply. But now Zalvidea pushed horticul-
ture, viniculture and agriculture forward, and in a short time had large
crops of grain to ship away. Then he wanted a mill and built this one.
[See full account of its dimensions, structure, and other particulars in Chap-
ter 19; articles on "The Old Mill," "Mill Canyon," "Wilson Ivake,"
etc.] But after all their hard toil and zeal and hope in building it, this mill
proved a failure because of dampness. It was built in the hillside. Its
west main wall was also the wall of the deep, funnel-shaped cisterns or fore-
bays which furnished the water head. The basement arch or water wheel
chamber was so low that the powerful jet of water striking the horizontal
wheel would splash all over the walls and work up through the shaft hole
to the mill stones on the upper floor. So that as fast as the meal was made
it had to be carried away to dry store rooms at the Mission, where Indian
women bolted or sifted it by a hand process of their own devising. The
distance of the mill from the business center at the Mission was also a great
drawback. And from this combination of adverse conditions, the mill had

*Wm. Heath Davis in his book, " Sixty Years in California", p. 251, tells of a mill built where is
now Clay street, in San Francisco, in 1S39, and adds : " This was the first grist mill in California. It
was operated by six mules." Yet Pasadena's old stone mill, run by water power, was built more than a
quarter century before that; and the one in front of the San Gabriel Mission church was built at least
17 years before the " mule mill " which he claims to have been first. And Joseph Chapman built one at
Santa Ynez in 1820-21. So Davis is widely in error as to " first grist mill in California."

DIVISION ONK — PRE-PASADENIAN. 43

been abandoned and lay idle some time before Maria de Guillen (afterward
Mrs. Lopez) came to San Gabriel to live, which was about 1821, she being
then nine years old ; and for several years the grain grinding for the Mis-
sion had been again done by Indian women on their metates ; though it
seems that occasionally a little was still done at the old mill in the way of
gristing for Los Angeles and other points, where the meal was taken direct
from the millstone.

The little girl above mentioned, Maria de Guillen, was a daughter of
Eulalia Perez de Guillen, the first owner of Rancho San Pasqual or Pasa-
denaland, who died June 8, 1878 — aged 143 (?) years. [See article headed
"Complete Chain of Title," Chap. 3.] And Maria was married in 1829 to
Tiburico Lopez, son of Claudio Lopez who served about thirty-six years as
major domo at San Gabriel, according to the traditions of the family ; hence,
as general overseer of the old Mission business, he was the first white man
who ever utilized the lands which afterwards became Rancho San Pasqual,
and Pasadena, And I have found descendants of Major Claudio still living
in this county, as follows :

Theodore Lopez, San Gabriel — grandson.

Felipe Lopez, San Gabriel — grandson.

Romaldo Lopez, Old Mission — grandson.

Geronimo Lopez, San Fernando — grandson.

Francisco E. Lopez, Los Angeles — great grandson,

Jose Lopez, San Gabriel — great grandson.

Valentine Lopez, San Fernando — great grandson.

Luis Lopez, La Ballona — great grandson.

Jose Lopez, La Ballona — great grandson.
All these, besides their families ; while some of the descendants reside
out of the county, and some out of the state. [There were fifty-two voters
named Lopez in our "great register" of 1892-94.]* Tiburcio Lopez died
in 1857 ; but his wife and her two sons, Theodore and Felipe, are still living
at San Gabriel, and they have kindly assisted me in correcting the many
published errors about the old mill. Old Francesca Perez, who was born
at Los Nietos [near Whittier] in 1794, and is still living in Pasadena [June,
1895], was godmother to Theodore Lopez and second cousin to Eulalia
Perez de Guillen ; and she too has furnished me some points about the old
mills.

A PIRATE PRISONER IN OUR PASADENA MOUNTAINS.

The old Mission Mill No. 2 was commonly called "Chapman's mill";
and therefore I must tell about Chapman. In 18 18 a Buenos Ayres priva-
teer landed some men on the Ortega ranch above Santa Barbara to plunder
it, and the family fled in terror, one of them being a young daughter named

*Bancroft, Hist. Cal., lists forty persons named Lopez who had figured ia some way in California
history.

44 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Guadalupe. The Mission soldiers from Santa Barbara and Los Angeles
succeeded in capturing some of these men, one of whom was Joseph Chap-
man, a sailor, from the state of Maine.* Corporal Don Antonio Maria IvUgo
of lyos Angeles became surety for Chapman so that he need not be executed,
and brought him to Los Angeles as a prisoner, riding behind him on the
same horse, for the sailor chap couldn't keep his balance on a horse without
somebody to hold onto, f Chapman was a tall, strong, bright fellow, with a
good deal of Yankee ingenuity, and skillful with tools. He didn't know a
word of Spanish, nor Lugo a word of English ; yet in a few days the prison-
er had picked up enough Spanish so that with the addition of signs he could
make himself understood, and now he went with Lugo to the mountains to
help get out timber for building the church, the one which still stands there
near the plaza in Los Angeles. X

Stephen Foster, writing from his father-in-law Lugo's statements, says
the timbers were being cut in "church canyon, away in the mountains,''
but gives no hint or clue as to whereabouts this particular " church canyon'
was located, and I found no written record to help me. However, I remem-
bered that in July, 1893, I had noticed in Grand Canyon, about a mile be-
low Crystal Springs of the Mount Lowe itinerary, some evidences of timber
work done there long ago. There were some large old pine stumps, much
decayed ; one big tree chopped down, but never trimmed or hewed ; and
some graded spaces that looked like remnants of an old wagon road. Dun-
can Cameron and Alex. McDonald were with me. § And taking this for a
glue, I followed it steadily for eight months, as a possible chapter in the lost
record of the Los Angeles "church canyon," before the links of evidence were
all found which made a chain of circumstantial proof strong enough to af-
firm. I inquired of the oldest living settlers, both Spanish and American,
but they were as blank as the empty records. Old Francesca only knew that

*A row boat in which Chapman and others were rowing ashore was capsized in the surf. Com-
niandante Lugo had his men concealed in a clump of willows near by, and shouted to them, •" Now's
our time! " They all rushed out and fired their blunderbusses at the struggling men in the water, kill-
ing two or three ; then some swam back to a second row boat and returned to ship, while Chapman and
a West Indies negro came ashore through the surf. A vaquero now ran down on the beach and lassoed
him ; but he, half drowned though he was, jumped up and commenced hauling in the riata hand-over-
haud, in sailor fashion, pulling the vaquero along, who yelled with fright and terror, for he had no horse
now to help him out ; and two others ran to his rescue, throwing two more lassoes over Chapman before
they could hold him. He was a tall, muscular and dextrous man. and pushed the vaqueros around like
puppets, which greatly astonished and pleased old Lugo, and made him admire the lusty Yankee.

J. Albert Wilson, Hisl. Los A. Co. iS8o, calls him a native of Pennsylvania ; but Hon. Stephen C.
Foster, who knew Chapman personally, says he was from New England; and Bancroft and J. D. Mason
say from Maine.

tThe History of Santa Barbara county says : " Lugo, the grandfather of Senora de la Torre and
Senora Pico, was the Lugo who assisted in beating off the pirate ship commanded by Bouchard, which
made an attack on the Refugio rancho in 1818, and carried John [ Joe] Chapman (who was one of the
pirates) on his horse behind him as a prisoner— he being the same man who subsequently married one
of the noted beauties of the Ortega family."

tTo aid in building this church, there were donated by citizens, 500 cattle ; by friars, seven bbls.
brandy, worth $575 The labor was done by neophytes from San Gabriel and San Luis Rey, at one real
[12)4 cents] per day as their wages. — Hist. Cal. VoL II. p. 75/.

§" I was with Dr. Reid and Alex. McDonald in July, 1893, when we saw some remains of grading
or terracing which looked like an ancient road, in Grand Canyon, a short distance below Crystal
Springs.— We also saw some very old and deca\ed large pine stumps where trees had been chopped
down ; and one large old tree chopped down and left lying. And it was a great mystery to us how these
things came to be in such an out of the way place. Duncan Cameron.

Echo Mountain, May 28, 1895."

DIVIvSION ONE — PRK-PASADNIAN. 45

the place was ''sojnewhere up in these mountains,''' but as to just which can-
yon it was she had no idea ; and the venerable Senora Lopez at San Gabriel
could tell me no more ; yet they both knew Chapman. Jose Lugo, old
Francesca's son, thought it was Santa Anita Canyon [it was also called
' ' church canyon ' ' while timbers were being gotten out there for the church
at San Gabriel]. Arturo Bandini didn't know anything about it. Theodore
Lopez believed it was in Canyon el Blanco — now called Millard Canyon.

At last I learned from E. W. Giddings that in 1877-78, when his father
and family settled on their Millard Canyon farm, they found up the canyon
some broken pieces and chunks of hewed pine timber, all decayed so that
only the shell remained to show the axe-marks ; they were from eight to
twelve inches square in size, and had been washed down over Millard Falls
from some place above. It was a great mystery to them at the time, for
neither they nor any of their old-settler neighbors had ever heard even a
tradition of any timber work so far up in the mountains ; and no one could
offer any explanation as to how, why, when, or by whom such work should
have been done in a place so remote and difficult of access as that above the
Falls. And when I told him about Joe Chapman's prisonership in "church
canyon", and what I had noticed up in Grand Canyon in 1893, and my sur-
mise that this was the "church canyon" of the Los Angeles padres, it was
the first inkling of a solution of the hewed drift-wood mystery he had ever
heard. He then mentioned that at a place perhaps a mile lower down the
canyon than where I had noticed the signs of timber working, there were
more very old stumps, now all rotted away, and more graded spaces like
remnants of an old road, when he first knew this canyon twenty years ago.
He also mentioned that when Mr. Millard first settled in this canyon, in
1862 [See article, "Millard Canyon"], there were remnants of a rude old
road or dragway up into it along the stream to the Millard Falls, but all
signs of that road have since been washed away. J. Reed Giddings also re-
membered about their finding fragments of hewed timber among old drift-
wood below Millard Falls ; and likewise about the very old stumps and the
graded spaces like parts of an old road far up toward the head of the can-
yon. And our conclusion was that Chapman and his Indians had dragged
their timbers with rawhide ropes down the upper canyon course, and along
the mountain sides, and across the spurs, till they reached this old road be-
low the falls which was probably only an ox-trail ; and here oxen were
hitched to them by means of rawhide ropes lashed around their horns — for
the Spaniards had not yet learned or taught the Indians how to hitch up
oxen with a yoke on the neck. The hewed fragments which the Giddings
people found had most likely been used as blocks for the great logs to rest
upon while being hewed, and also as skids on which to slide their hewed tim-
bers over difficult places on the way down. This canyon was the nearest point
where suitable trees could be reached ; and it gave the most direct and con-

46 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

tinuous down slope for dragging the hewed timbers to Los Angeles. The ox-
trail, then, led from Millard Canyon down toward Monks Hill, and then
nearly on the present line of Fair Oaks avenue clear down to the old Spanish
road from San Gabriel to I,os Angeles, where the Southern Pacific Railroad
now runs. On reaching the public road the timbers would be loaded onto
heavy carts made with wheels chat were simply round blocks sawed or
chopped off from the butt end of a log, and thus they would be conveyed
across the Los Angeles river and up to the plaza. And in all this work
Chapman managed better and accomplished more, and got more work out of
the Indians than anyone had ever done before— all of which greatly endeared
him to the padres, and also to the old Don who had sturdily withstood the
demand for his ignominious execution only one year before.

The graded spaces in Grand Canyon that have been mistaken for rem-
nants of a mysterious ancient wagon road were made by Chapman to get
enough straight and level ground for the timber hewers to stand on at their
work, with the log resting on blocks. The Indians themselves could only
hack a tree down and let it fall where it happened to — and then haggle it
into imperfect square shape just where it lay, thus working very slowly and
at great disadvantage. But Chapman could chop a tree down and make it
fall whichever way he wanted to, which was a marvelous thing to most of
the Spaniards as well as the Indians. In their ignorant and superstitious
minds it was magic or ' ' black art, ' ' and they called him ' ' Diablo Chapman. ' '
Then by getting his logs up onto blocks along these leveled places, and
marking with a bit of burnt wood and a stretched string the lines for the
hewers to work by, the work went on easier and better and faster than be-
fore. And these were Chapman's Yankee improvements to expedite the
work, which won him so much favor with Don Antonio and the padres —
for anything that helped along their church enterprises touched their hearts
in the tenderest spot ; and all this service was credited to him for pious
" good works" — so that on one occasion when others were denouncing and
contemning the gringo heretic, old Don Antonio made in his defense this ar-
gument: " As to his being a heretic, has not all of his work gone into the
church ? How can he get away from that ? * * I know that they [the
padres] consider him a good Christian, and a very useful one, too. And
then, who can manage the Indians as he can ?"

It was also objected that Chapman couldn't ride a horse, which was an
unpardonable deficiency in Spanish eyes. But Lugo replied; " Yes, he can
ride a horse now, without falling off more than twice in one day. "

The logs having been hewed square up in the mountains, were dragged
on different faces alternately so that all sides might be scoured and smoothed
alike. And the special necessity for such heavy pine timbers, that would
not sag, was to support the great weight of the tile roofs then in use.* And

*"The rafters, after being cut iu the mountain forests many miles away, were dragged hereby
Indians and oxen, each log being occasionally turned upon the way, that all sides might be planed

DIVISION ONK — PRK-PASADENIAN. 47

the term " church canyon " was applied to any such place where timbers
were being cut for a church, no matter what other name the place might
have borne, if any, before or afterward. So I find that our present Grand
Canyon and Millard Canyon was really the " Church Canyon" of the old
lyos Angeles Spanish Mission records, and this was the first name the place
ever bore in white men's speech, though they afterward called it Canyon el
Blanco — the white canyon — from the conspicuous walls of white feldspathic
rocks in some of its upper branches.

In the Overland Monthly of March, 1894, J- D. Mason writes a sketch of
our Joe Chapman's romantic adventures, and from his article I here quote a
few points. Mason says :

' ' He was quite as much of a curiosity to the Los Angelenos as he was to
the rancheros. * ^ The captured Yankee was watched with fear and
trembling, much as a grizzly bear would be if turned loose. The question of
what to do with him was necessarily prominent. Some openly asserted that
he ought to have been executed ; and that it was not too late yet to remedy
the mistake. Lugo, however, proved his fast friend.

' 'At that time quite a number of men and Indians were employed in the
pine woods forty miles away [only about twenty miles], getting out
timbers for the church. There was no road leading to the place, only a
rough trail over the mountains and through rocky canyons. If he was set
to work there, he could not communicate with any enemies nor escape, for
the mountains beyond were considered impassable ; he would be lost if he
attempted to climb them. So he was sent to the pine woods. Now, Chap-
man knew all about timber. Though he could not ride a horse, he could
chop down a tree, and make it tall just where he chose. He could line,
score and hew it, for he had worked at ship-building ; and when that was
done he could hitch a drove of long-horned cattle to it and move it off. * *
A year passed, and he became sole manager of the timber squad, and was in
high favor not only with Lugo, but with the church fathers as well. He
had really become indispensible. Many consultations unknown to Chapman
had been held as to the policy of identifying him with the colony by marry-
ing him into some Spanish family, and holding him to the coast, as it were,
by domestic ties. * * * There was talk of Castilian superiority — noble
blood, and all that sort of stuif. * * They finally agreed to state the case
to the padre of the Los Angeles Mission. In an hour they received a terse
letter, written in a plain hand, on strong paper, as follows :

'My Children: — Lugo's advice is sensible. Let the man Chapman
marry.'

" This ended the discussion, as to the propriety of his marrying."*

[scoured] alike. They are as as smooth as though really planed,"^/. Albert Wilson, Hist. Los Ang. Co.
[iSSo'\, page los. This was written of the San Fernando old Mission, built in 1795-96-97. But the same
plan was used in building the church in Los Angeles, in 1S18-19-20-21-22. I learned from the old Spanish
people that pine timbers were brought down the same way from big Santa Anita canyon for building
the church at San Gabriel.

*See Overland Monthly, March, 1894 ; article, "One Way to Get a Raucho," by J. D. Mason. He rep-
resents events that really extended over four years of time as all occurring within one year; he repre-
sents the pirate ship as plundering San Gabriel Mission by mistake for San Juan Capistrano ; he makes
Chapman's wedding occur at Santa Barbara instead of Santa Ynez ; and overstates distances sometimes;
yet his story of Chapman and his lovely Spanish bride is in the mahi correct. Mason .ceems to have
had some points from Chapman's descendants in Ventura county, in addition to what Stephen Foster
received from old Don Antonio Lugo, and what H. H. Bancroft had found in the old Mission and Pueblo
records.

48 > HISTORY OF PASADENA.

In another place Mason relates how Chapman ' ' whipped a thousand
Indians " with a club, in a night attack they made on his corral at mouth
of Millard Canyon ;

" The time for the rainy season was near, and Chapman was preparing
for his last haul of timber.* The cattle that had been pastured on small
patches of grass were lying in the adobe corrals, which had been built to
keep them together at night, and secure them from the raids of the wild
Indians. Sometimes a dozen or more of "converted Indians," that were
not satisfied with their allotted work or rations, or social relations with the
females, would break away from the missions, and unite with the wild
Indians to plunder the padres' storehouses or drive off their stock. This
was a standing danger to the colonists as well as to the missions. During
the night mentioned one of the Indian cattle-drivers awoke Chapman, say-
ing, ' Senor, Senor ! The wild Indians are cutting the cattle out. ' As
Chapman awoke the man urged him to listen. He could distinctly hear a
grating sound produced by moving something forward and backward like a
saw. The noise was new to Chapman, but the Indian explained that it
was the cutting down of the adobe walls, by drawing a rawhide riata across
them ; that when a section was cut that way it could be pushed over, mak-
ing an opening through which to stampede the cattle with firebrands and a
great noise.

" ' How many Indians ?' said Chapman to the vaquero.

" ' Oh ! thousand, Senor !' said the Indian excitedly.

' ' Some Indians had deserted a day or two before, and probably had in-
duced others to join them in a raid ; but Chapman knew that a thousand
was an impossibility. He had learned that an Indian's estimate of numbers
was of little value ; that scarcely one in a hundred could count more than
twenty. More than that was a thousand or a miUion to their weak minds.
So he concluded that there might be a dozen, the bulk of them stationed
near the outer wall, opposite the bars, ready to break over with a wild
hurrah when the bisected portion of the wall fell. He knew he could easily
drive away the four or five that were sawing the wall with riatas, but the
others might attack his men with their bows and arrows, and in the con-
fusion kill some of them. He planned a daring way of discomfiting the
Indians by a dash among them alone, while the others of the camp should
make a great noise ; for noise is a potent factor in all savage warfare. The
wild Indians generally ran away at the first explosion of fire-arms, but
Chapman chose rather to teach them a lesson. He passed out quietly, and
as he expected, saw a number of firebrands ready to be blown into a flame
as soon as the wall fell. He rushed into the midst of the lights, his club
describing wide circles as it went around his head, occasionally hitting some-
thing with a sickening thud. About the same time the others rushed out
with loud shouts and the firing of guns.

"The besiegers, when the club began to whack their heads, shouted
' Diablo Chapman ! Diablo Chapman f They were too astonished to make
any resistance, and fled with the others as the outcry and firing commenced

*This was in 1819 ; and during that winter uSig 20) he went to Santa Ynez, and there built a flouring
mill for the padres. Lugo had often joked Chapman about the pretty girl who saved his life, and hinted
that she loved him ; and this was probably the secret of Joe's going to Santa Ynez at this time, for the
Ortega family came there to church by a bridle road only 10 miles over the mountains, while it was 30
miles to Santa Barbara ; and thus he could see her and perhaps exchange glances with her almost every
Sunday, although they could not speak together. In September the next year, he was ordered by the
governor to build another mill at San Gabriel.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN.

49

from the corral. But after getting well out of range of Chapman's club
they turned and shot a few arrows towards the adobe walls. Some were
sent up into the air, so as to fall inside the corral and wound the cattle.

"Some of the vaqueros, frightened by the apparent numbers of the
Indians, mounted their horses and fled toward Los Angeles, which they reached
about daylight, with the report that all the men, including Chapman, were
killed, and the cattle driven off. lyUgo, who felt responsible for Chapman's
safety, raised a few volunteers and started for the pine timber to investigate
the matter. He was astonished to meet the train coming down in good
order, not a beast lost, nor a man missing except such as had deserted.

"Every one was talking of the American Sampson who put a thousand
wild Indians to flight, as a wolf would a flock of sheep. Chapman had no
wonderful story to relate. He did not think it much of an affair to rout a
few Indians with a good club. When asked how many he had killed, he
answered, 'None'; anyhow, he left no dead Indians around the corral; he
thought it quite likely that some of them might have sore heads for awhile.
But some of the older Spaniards shook their heads, and had doubts about
this ' Diablo Chapman,' that could rout a whole tribe of Indians with a club.
Lugo, however, insisted that it was ' quite time to make him one of us by
marrying him into a Spanish family'."

The camp and corral where this inci-
dent occurred must have been at the
mouth of Millard Canyon on the Gid-
dings farm, or on the bench of land by
the creek near where the road crosses
leading up to Las Casitas. The principal
camp of Chapman's working crew was
kept here, because there was pasture for
the oxen near by ; and from this point a
whole train of drag teams could be
started at once for Los Angeles. This
accounts, too, for the metates and meal-
ing stones plowed up by the Giddings
men on their farm, along the creek bank.
But it is also supposed that the Indians
had a small settlement there before the
Spaniards came into the country ; and it was their old familiarity with this
canyon which led to the discovery of such good pine timber in its upper
section for the church building uses.

After the church was finished* old Don Antonio Lugo took Chapman
to Santa Barbara to find a true blood Spanish wife for him ; for Lugo was
thoroughly in love with the Yankee, and sought for him an alliance with
the best and noblest families in the province. They stopped at San Buena
Ventura Mission, June 24, 1822, for Chapman to be baptized, for without
this he could not lawfully marry, and Lugo stood god-father to him. As

*A new roof and home additions were built to it in 1841.

■f-

•

1,1*"-

^^MSii-=-^^^

E~-

■rl «

1 ?

-----

a

I

^

OLD CHURCH AT THE PLAZA.

Built in 1S18 to 1822, with Joe Chapman's

help. Photo taken in 1894, for "Land

of Sunshine."

50 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

the custom then was, the old people attended to the business of match-
making, although the lady in the case had the reserved right to say " No "
if she wished to, and that would end it ; for the suitor must then try his luck
somewhere else. lyUgo introduced Chapman among his Barbareno friends,
and vouched for his good character, his skill in useful arts, and his worthi-
ness to mate with the best Spanish blood in the province ; so in a short
time he and old Captain Ortega arranged that Chapman might marry
Ortega's pretty daughter, Guadalupe.* The young lady at first rebelled,
but finally consented ; and in proper time the wedding was duly celebrated
— and thus she became the Spanish bride of the down-east Yankee, who
had only four years before, as a Buenos Ayrean buccaneer, frightened her
and the whole family in hasty alarm from their home ; and the first time
she ever saw him was that same day, in sailor's garb, a bound and pinioned
prisoner subject to death penalty. The men were going to tie Chapman's
feet to a wild horse's tail and then turn it loose to drag him to death ; but
Guadalupe plead passionately against it as a barbarism unworthy of Chris-
tians, or brave soldiers, or Spanish gentlemen, and so saved his life.

After the wedding ceremony and feasting were done with, which lasted
some days, he took off his red silk sash, an essential part of the Spanish
horseman's costume which he now wore, and made a loop of it to hang
over the pommel of his saddle for a stirrup, for a lady to ride side wise ; and
on this he seated his bride, then sat himself on the crupper or pillion behind,
and thus the two made the journey from Santa Barbara to L^os Angeles,
stopping over night, however, at the old Mission San Buena Ventura, where
he had a few weeks before been baptized. His cognomen in Spanish was
Jose el Ingles (Joseph the Englishman). He was the first English-speaking
bojiafide settler in the State of California, as claimed by Col. J. J. Warner
and Hon. Stephen C. Foster. In his Historical Sketches, Foster says :

" In 1822, when the first American adventurers, trappers and mariners
found their way to California, they found Jose Chapman at the Mission San
Gabriel (with fair-haired children playing around him), carpenter, mill-
wright, and general factotum of good old Father Sanchez."

Foster must be a little " too previous " with his " fair-haired children,"
for Chapman was not married until after June, 1822. I have gathered the
following date points in his romantic career : Captured in 1818 ; got out
timbers for church at plaza in Eos Angeles, 1818-19 [this was in the Mount
Lowe "Grand Canyon "] ; 1820-21, built mill at Santa Ynez ; in December,
1820, was pardoned by Gov. Sola, under the king's decree of amnesty ; in

*Don Jose Maria Ortega was one of tlie wealthiest raucheros on the coast. He had 48,000 acres
of land along the coast above Santa Barbara [Rancho Neustra Senora del Refugio] granted to him
by the viceroy of Mexico in 1797. His second son, Jose Vicente Ortega, who developed and occupied the
Refugio ranch, was father of the girl, Guadalupe. Mr. Elwood Cooper informs me that their old
ranch house is still standing, near the beach about six miles east of Gaviota landing. There were five
sous and two daughters of the original Ortega family who all married and rai.sed families of their own,
so that the name has become very numerous. The Bandiuis of Pasadena have a family connection witji
the Ortegas. Santiago and Luis Arguello. two brothers of Arturo Bandini's mother, both married
Ortega women who were cousins to the one that married Joseph Chapman.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADNIAN. 51

1821-22, built mill at San Gabriel [the one in front of the church] ; on
June 24, 1822, he was baptized at San Buena Ventura ; and the same year,
probably soon after, he was married at Santa Ynez old Mission to Seno-
rita Guadalupe Ortega, and came to San Gabriel again ; in 1824 he bought
a house and land from Agustin Machado, in lyos Angeles, and planted
4,000 vines; in 1829 he applied for naturalization as a Mexican citizen, and
got it in 1 83 1 ; this same year he built his 60-ton schooner at San Gabriel ;
in 1836, lived in Santa Barbara, and by this time had five children;* in 1838,
received grant of a sobrante or "remainder " of 5,000 acres of land in the
Santa Barbara district; in 1845 to '47, he lived near San Buena Ventura,
and died there in 1849. Some of his descendents reside in that region yet.
And a grandson of his, John Chapman, now resides on the Aguirre ranch
at Ballona, in I^os Angeles county, his wife being a daughter of Francisco
Aguirre. This man, John, is said to resemble his grandfather, "Jose el
Ingles," in his large stature and great strength.

THE OLD MILL NO. 2, OR CHAPMAN'S MILL.

The old stone mill had proved a failure, as before explained (see page
42), and the following citation is here in point :

"September 25, 182 1, governor orders that the 'pilot prisoner' (Jose
Chapman) be sent to build a mill at San Gabriel like that he had built at
Santa Ynez. ' ' — Hist. Cal. , Vol. 2. , p. 368. f

So Chapman came to carry out this order. The site chosen was just
south of the old Mission church, where the cement ditch forebay, the
sluices, the wheel pit, the foundation walls, and other ruins can still be
seen [1894]. Water in abundance for domestic uses had been brought by
ditch long before, from a stone dam at mouth of Wilson Canyon •,% and the
waters of Mission Canyon, San Marino Canyon and the Winston Springs
were also trained into the ditch without need of dam. [They were then all
three called " Mission Canyon."] But now they wanted more water ; and to
meet this need, a stone dam was built at the cienega where the old Indian vil-
lage of Acurag-?ia had stood — [the dam and lagoon are still there and still in
use, about a quarter of a mile north of the "Sunny Slope " great winery] —
and the accumulated waters from this place, afterward called Iva Presa, were
also led by a ditch down to the Mission ; this stream and the one from Wil-
son Canyon being then both run into the cemented head-storage ditch above
the mill.

*The History of Santa Barbara County says : " Joseph Chapman, the hero of the pirate ship, and of
the romantic affair with the daughter of the Ortega family, built a house, still standing in the rear of
the Episcopal church." Mrs. Reid went and examined this historic old house for me, May 2, 1S95.

fChapman's own statement, as recorded in state documents, was that " he remained here as a
prisoner because he was forced, with other persons at the Sandwich Islands, on the expedition of Bou-
chard;" sailing: as a privateer of Buenos A5'res, then in revolt against Spain. He had been on a New
England whaling ship.

I'" The Mission Fathers built a stone dam at the mouth of the Wilson Canyon, near where the barn
stands now, but the earth dam at the head of the Canyon was built by J. De Barth Shorb ; afterwards
was rebuilt by Mr. George S. Patton."— A/r. Shorb, in Letter to Dr. Reid, March ig, 1894.

52 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Chapman got his wheel pit as low as he could to advantage, then
carried his foundation walls high enough and off to one side enough so that
the framed superstructure for grinding room, etc., should be clear from
dampness. Col. Warner in his "Historical Sketches," says this mill was
built first, and had a horizontal water wheel on the lower end of a vertical
shaft and the revolving mill-stone on the upper end, the same as in the
stone mill. On both these points he was mistaken. My Spanish inform-
ants in telling me about this one called it an "overshot wheel." They
knew how it was different from the horizontal wheel in the old stone mill,
but of course did not understand the technical terms for different styles of
water wheels ; and from my examination and measurements, and tracing of
flumes, forebay and tailrace in the ruins, I know it must have been what is
called a "breast wheel," as there was not fall enough for an overshot.
[Theodore Lopez, who had seen it when a boy, says it was a breast wheel —
or at any rate the water went out under the wheel and not over it.] Chap-
man made some wooden cogged miter gears to convert horizontal into verti-
cal motion ; and this was Mission Mill No. 2, as built in 1821-22.

[Note — The grinding stones of this mill were made from great boulders
of gray granite or syenite near the mouth of Santa Anita Canyon, and were
laboriously pecked into shape by the Indians. The stones were three feet
six inches in diameter and about one foot thick. One of them was broken
in two and lay there with the ruins in the Bishop's orchard or garden for
many years. In 1889 Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr of Pasadena procured one of the
broken halves, and now has it for a doorstep at the west front of her unique
residence on Kensington place. The crest of her roof is also laid with tiles
made at San Gabriel by the Indians during Padre Zalvidea's administration.
I did not learn what became of the other half of the broken mill-stone.
Theodore Lopez said the stone that was not broken was taken away to use
in a mill somewhere else, but he did not know the place. The grinding
stones of the first Mission mill, and also of the Dan Sexton mill, were made
from volcanic tufa instead of granite.]

In 1 83 1 Chapman also built a ship (schooner) at San Gabriel, hauled it
in parts to San Pedro on ox-carts, then put it together and launched it
there. -'= He died in 1849, and in 1876 his descendants were living in Ven-
tura county ; but in 1895 his grandson, John Chapman, lives at Ballona,
lyos Angeles count5^

GOLD DISCOVERY IN 1 842.

In March, 1842, Francisco Lopez, a grandson of Claudio Lopez, discov-
ered gold in a canyon about thirty-five miles northeast from Los Angeles,

*" A launch was to take place at St. Pedro of the second vessel ever constructed in California. She
was a schooner ot about sixty tons, that had been entirely framed at St. Gabriel and fitted for subse-
quent completion at St. Pedro. Every piece of timber had been hewn and fitted thirty miles from the
place, and brought down to the beach upon carts."— /?<?*?«.?j»'i " Life in California," 1832, p. too.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 53

the first that had ever been found by white men in CaHfornia.'*^ It was in
the San Fernando valley, on land owned by Ignacio del Valle. And by
December, 1843, 2,000 ounces of gold dust had been taken from these mines.
Then in 1853-54 gold was found in the foot-hills of the Santa Anita ranch,
and in the San Gabriel Canyon, and in our own Eaton, Rubio and Arroyo
Seco Canyons. In crossing the old flood-plain of the Baton Canyon outwash
above Ivamanda Park, many mysterious-looking deep pits in the sand will
be noticed. These were made by the gold-hunters of that period and later
time. These were all placer diggings. A quartz mill was put in far up
the San Gabriel Canyon some years later. And statistics show that during
a period of eighteen years over $2,000,000 worth of gold dust was sold from
these San Gabriel, Santa Anita and Eaton Canyon diggings. \Thompson
& West Hist. Los A. Co., p. 6/.]

DAN sexton's old ADOBE MILL.

On May 16, 1871, a patent for 22734^ acres of the San Gabriel Mission
lands were granted to Daniel Sexton. This man came to California in 1841
in the same company with B. D. Wilson, John Rowland, Wm. Workman
Wade Hampton [afterward a famous Confederate General in the war of the
Rebellion], and others. f Sexton married one of the Mission Indian women,
thus gaining the right under Mexican law to acquire land, and settled at
San Gabriel before the United States took California. The old Mission
mills were now in ruins, and he thought a mill was needed and might do a
good paying business here ; so he put up an adobe structure 1 7x50 feet,
with asphaltum roof, expecting to use water from the Ea Presa ditch to
drive his mill machinery. His right to this water service was contested ;
lawsuits were undertaken ; and finally he lost both the water and the
land — and his mill never turned a wheel, t The building still stands, being
now used for a dwelling, about one-fourth mile northeast from the East San
Gabriel hotel ; the land now belongs to Gov. H. H. Markham, and was
occupied in 1894 by Mr. C. M. Smith, as tenant. The millstones had been
quarried out from volcanic tufa, the same as those in the old stone mill, and

*Davis, "Sixty Years in Calif," page 222, credits this discovery to "some Mexicans from Sonora
who were passing through going north," in 1840. This is a mistake. Lopez showed them some of the
dirt in Los Angeles, and they confirmed it as gold-bearing— that is all ; and this was in 1842. Davis also
mentions two priests who told him us earlv as 1843-14 that they had knowledge of gold in the Sacra-
mento valley from Indians long ago, but they had charged the Indians upon "peril of the wrath of
God " not to reveal the secret. Their idea was that if the existence of gold here became known, for-
eigners would rush in to hunt for it, and would overrun and take the country. The same charge was
made by the priests at San Diego and San Gabriel to Indians who brought them gold dust long before
white men had discovered it. And Davis, p. 257-59, relates how in 1850-51 the old chief Zapaje rejected the
most tempting bribes that could be ofifered to an Indian, rather than lead them to a gold mine which he
had told the priest about 70 years before. In this adventure Davis was accompanied by three Arguellos
of San Diego, uncles to our ArturoBandini, and by Gen. Manuel Castro.

fin the official list of the party as recorded at Los Angeles, Feb. 29, 1842, his name is written "Daniel
Sinton, carpenter," or at least it has been printed that way from those records. It should be " Sexton '
instead of Sinton. In 1894 he was still living at San Bernardino but died during the year.

JSexton was one of the original owners of the old Orizaba tract, which was not marked on any map
that I found, but it included Winston Heights, part of San Marino, and some other lands. He built on
his part the very substantial adobe house, now occupied by Mr. N. A. Strain, foreman of Hon. J. De
Barth Shorb's San Marino ranch.

k

54 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

were lying there in the house j^ard when I visited it on August 30, 1894,
one of them being still unfinished.

Note. — I have taken pains to explain about this " old adobe mill " at
San Gabriel, in order to prevent further confusion and misunderstanding
from its being confounded with the two old Mission mills.

SECULARIZATION OF THE MISSION,

On January 6, 1831, Governor Echeandia had issued a final decree for
secularizing the Missions, and forming them into towns, in accordance with
the old Mexican law of September 13, 1823. Elections were ordered to be
held on the third and fourth Sundays of January. The twenty-eighth
article of this decree said : ' ' With all possible haste a school is to be estab-
lished at San Gabriel, in which reading, writing and arithmetic will be
taught, as well as the best morals and politics. " * Article 32 said: " Teach-
ers to have $40 or $50, according to skill, and to have also $15 for each pro-
ficient pupil produced in six months." [See Bancroft, Hist. Cal., Vol. j,
p. 306.']

In 1832 there was much civil strife between factions ; and now for the
first time Indians were armed, to take part as soldiers in these public quar-
rels. In April, Governor Echeandia had a force of soldiers and Indians en-
camped at Paso de Bartolo on the San Gabriel river, under Captain Barroso.
They marched to Los Angeles ; then in a day or two they went to San
Gabriel ; and here they borrowed $20,000 from the Mission treasury, f be-
sides forced loans of supplies for men and horses — all which was very gall-
ing to the padres, for this was the faction that they were opposed to. Sev-
eral writers say there were 1,000 mounted Indians, besides white men.

In 1831-32, while Padre Sanchez was still in control, a schooner of sixty
tons burden was framed here at San Gabriel by Joseph Chapman, assisted
by an Englishmen named William Antonio Richardson, who claimed to be
a carpenter, a shipwright and a pilot. The vessel was hauled in sections
on carts to San Pedro, — there put together and launched in 1832, and used
in the otter and seal fur trade among the channel islands. A man named
Yount was part owner and became captain of this small ship ; and differ-
ent accounts have credited each of the three men. Chapman, Richardson and
Yount as the builders. But it was Chapman who projected, planned and
superintended its building at San Gabriel and cartage to San Pedro. He
was the real head and hero of the whole affair until the owners took charge
of it at anchor in San Pedro bay.

*This had been the hottest question in Mexican politics for about twenty years, between the Liberal
party and the clerical or conservative party. Sometimes one and sometimes the other was in power,
so that the padres had never obeyed either the .Sp;inish or the Mexican law in regard to the matter, but
held their grip of ecclesiastical dominance till Echeandia finally forced them to obey.

tF.ulalia Perez hid the keys of the money room and refused to give them up, as she was the Mis-
sion treasure-keeper ; but the room was broken open, and the |2o,ooothus "borrowed" from the padres,
was never returned— for it took all of it and more, too, to pay costs of enforcing the law which they had
so long disregarded.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 55

In 1832-33-34 the Mission cattle were slaughtered in droves by con-
tract, just to sell the hides — the Mission treasury to receive half and the
contractors half.* And Mofras, a French consul here at the time and who
wrote a book about this country, says that in 1834, 100,000 hides, 2,500
centals of tallow and several cargoes of soap from San Gabriel were shipped
at San Pedro. The fact was simply this : the Mission Fathers were rushing
all their portable products into market before the government officers should
arrive to take it from tbem.f

In 1834 Colonel Nicolas Gutierrez was sent to San Gabriel as adminis-
trator, to take charge of all the property and secular business on behalf of
the government, and readjust its affairs.

In 1838 Don Juan Bandini succeeded Gutierrez as administrator. And
it is recorded that in June, 1S39, the government visitador general, Hartnell,
reported Bandini's accounts all right, and authorized him to "buy $2,000
worth of clothing, to be paid for in brandy." Then on December 31 of same
year it appears that Bandini distributed $1,615 worth of clothing among 233
Indians — this being the number then still remaining as neophytes and work
people at the Mission. In March, 1840, Bandini reports that he had added
100 trees to the Mission orange orchard, the only one then existing in Cali-
fornia. August I, of this year [1840] Bandini retired, the secularization
business being about completed; | and all that was left of the Mission prop-
erty was placed in charge of the curate. Padre Estenega — but Juan Perez
had been major domo since 1837, and he continued to serve under Estene-
ga's direction until March i, 1843, when he dropped out, and the padre
attended to everything himself for a year or so.

While Don Juan Bandini was administrator his home was at his great
Jurupa ranch of seven square leagues which had been granted to him Sep-
tember 28, 1838; but part of the time he lived at San Gabriel, occupying
one of the padre cottages, as Senora lyopez informs me. In 1841, during his
term of office, his father. Captain Jose Bandini died, and was buried under
the flagstones of the old church. Then in a few weeks (or months) his
daughter Arcadia was married in the church to Don Abel Stearns of Eos

*Gen. M. G. Vallejo, a Mexican commandante, wrote: " In the Missions of San Gabriel, San Fer-
nando. San Juan Capistrano, and San Luis Rey, they killed by contract with private individuals, during
the years 1830-31-32, more than 60,000 head of cattle, from which they only saved the hides."

tin his MSS. Hist. Southern Cat., Bandini says: "2,000 cattle were killed in a single day atone
Mission. [San Gabriel,] the meat and fat being left in the fields " Pio Pico, in his MSS. Hist. Cat., says
he " had a contract at San Gabriel, employing ten vaqueros and thirty Indians, and killing over 5,000
cattle." Mrs. Ord, MSS. Occtirances, says she "understood that 30.000 cattle were killed at San Gabriel,
and remembers that there were fears of a pestilence from the rotting carcasses."

At that time, as the reader will bear in mind, the rancho San Pasqual or Pasadenaland was a part
of San Gabriel. The cattle were killed for their hides only, these being mostly shipped around, Cape
Horn to Boston ; they were Mission live stock, and this occurred in the process of secularizing the Mis-
sions. Father Gonzales, one of the pioneer missionaries, writing of the Missions as they were in 1833,
says: " The richest in population was that of San Luis Key [in San Diego Co.); in temporal things,
that of San Gabriel. * * * Twice a year a new dress was given to the neophytes ;" etc.

tin August or September, 1841, Bandini was appointed to manage the temporal affairs of San Juan
Capistrano, and to superintend the founding of the pueblo, San Juan de Arguello, as a home place for the
now secularized Mission Indians. But on March 7, 1842, he put the whole business into Padre Zalvidea's
hands, and on May 30 resigned this commissionership.

I

56 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Angeles, the bride being dressed in mourning,* and having ridden in on
horseback from Jurupa [now Riverside], while Don Abel came with his
friends from lyos Angeles. And after the nuptial ceremony the whole wed-
ding party went to I^os Angeles for the usual social festivities. The youth-
ful bride of this occasion, then only sixteen, is now Mrs. Col. R. S. Baker
(widow) of L,os Angeles, the wealthiest woman in Southern California. f

SOME SAN GABRIEL ITEMS.

"The earthquake of December 8, 1812, at sunrise, overthrew the main
altar, breaking the St. Joseph, the St. Dominic, the St. Francis, and the
Christ, damaging the church considerably, bringing down the top of the
steeple, and badly cracking the sacristy walls, and injured the friars' houses
and other buildings." — Hist. CaL, V^ol. 2, p. j^6.

The wall of the north forebay or water-head cistern at the old stone
mill was cracked by this earthquake before a wheel was put in for its spout,
and hence the mill never had but one wheel, although built for two. The
walls were built so massively solid as they are, in order to withstand earth-
quakes, in addition to their possible need as a fortress.

The first orange culture ever attempted in California, was at San
Gabriel, from 1820 to '25.

In 1829 the Mission sheep were estimated at 54,000.

Robinson's book, " I^ife in California," written mostly in 1829 to 1835,
and published in 1846, gives a picture of this old Mission church as he saw
it, and it had a high pointed steeple on it. This was afterward blown down,
and the unique five-groined stone belfry, as now seen there, was built in
its place. On page 32 Robinson says [1829] :

"There are several extensive gardens attached to this Mission, where
may be found oranges, citrons, limes, apples, pears, peaches pomegranates,
figs and grapes in abundance. From the latter they make yearly from four
to six hundred barrels of wine, and two hundred of brandy ; the sale of
which produces an income of more than $12,000. The storehouses and
granaries are kept well supplied, and the corridor in the square is usually
heaped up with piles of hides and tallow. Besides the resources of the vine-
yard, the Mission derives considerable revenue from the sale of grain ; and
the weekly slaughter of cattle produces a sufficient sum for clothing and
supporting the Indians."

In 1 83 1 Col. J. J. Warner estimated the Mission hogs at 1,000 head —
"used chiefly for making soap," he says. The same year the Mission's grape
vines were reported to be 50,000. It was this year also that Chapman built a
ship here in parts and hauled it to San Pedro in ox-carts. Alfred Robinson,
who saw it launched, calls it the Refugio, a schooner of sixty tons burden ;
but Bancroft calls it the Guadalupe. This discrepancy is easily explained.

*A Spanish woman who was there at the time told me that the bride not only stood up in mourn-
ing attire, but in going to the altar she walked over the flagstone under which her grandfather was
buried, and it was talked of as a bad omen for the girl's future, in social gossip.

|-Abel Stearns owned six great ranches in 1868— total 140,000 acres. — Hist. Los Angeles Co.,p.is'i. —
Mrs. Baker was assessed in 1S94 on $264,255 valuation in r,os Angeles county.

DIVISION ONK — PRE-PASADENIAN. 57

Guadalupe was the name of Chapman's wife ; and Refugio was the name of
her home ranch where he had been captured by the Spanish soldiers, and
captivated by the Spanish maiden. This ship was his greatest mechanical
achievement; and it bore both names, in romantic commemoration of his
wife and her early home.

In December, 1831, Governor Victoria was brought to San Gabriel after
being wounded in a battle with insurgents near Cahuenga ; and he was
nursed by Eulalia Perez, with Joseph Chapman, the Yankee "pilot prisoner,"
serving as surgeon pro tern.

In October, 1846, powder was manufactured at San Gabriel for General
Flores' army, after Gillespie's U. S. troops had been driven out of lyos
Angeles. The powder was poor stuff, but it was all they had in the battles
of January, 1847. It was made in an adobe guard-house that stood right
where Mr. Silverstein's store is now — 1895.

August 7, 1 85 1, the court of sessions at Los Angeles divided the county
into six townships, San Gabriel being one, and Rancho San Pasqual was
included in its territory.

July II, 1855, an earthquake made cracks or fissures in the ground at
San Gabriel, and threw down the church bells. This accounts for the
patched cracks now seen in the belfry walls.

I

CHAPTER III.

Rancho San Pasoual — Gov. Portolo's visit in 1770. — How the ranch was named. — Its
first owner a woman in 1827. — The Garfias ownership from 1843. — The Wilson and
Griffin ownership, from 1858 ; and sale to the colonists, 1873. — Complete Chain of
Title — 1769 to 1874; being the first complete schedule of its various occupancies
and ownerships ever written.

FIRST WHITE MAN ON PASADENA SOU..

The initial point of the modern history of Pasadenaland is in January,
1770; and in April of the same year comes the first inkling of the name
" San Pascual," as applied to this particular section. In 1769 Gov. Gaspar
de Portola, marched overland with an expedition from Loreto in Lower Cali-
fornia (the peninsula) to find Monterey bay, then only known from reports
made by the navigator Vizcayno, who had discovered it in 1603 — or 166
years previously. Portola's march was made with a total of 64 persons, in-
cluding two priests, Crespi and Gomez. Crespi kept a diary. Lieut. Fages,
afterward governor of California, was also along, and he wrote accounts of
the country and people. On their up trip they crossed the Los Angeles
river August ist, 1769, and camped where Los Angeles city now stands.
The Indian village of Yang-na was there. August 2d, they staid there to
rest, and to prospect their route ahead. In the church calendar it was the

58 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

day of "Saint Mary, Queen of the Angels" ; the two priests celebrated it
in due form, and in their diaries they designated that camp by the calendar
day. This is how and when the place got its name of " Reina de L,os
Angeles." The river they called Rio Porciuncula. August 3d, they
marched through the Cahuenga pass to the Indian village of Cabueg-na ;
thence on up the south border of the upper Los Angeles valley through
Calabasas, and over to Hueneme which was then an Indian village on the
beach.* And so on westward. As the company was partly on foot and
partly on saddle beasts, they could readily follow the Indian paths from one
village to another. All this was of course before any of the California
Missions had been established.

In January, 1770, Portola made the return trip eastward over the same
route ; but after crossing the Santa Clara river he mistook the trail and
wandered farther away from the coast than was intended, finally coming
through the Simi pass into the San Fernando valley, near where the village
of Chatsworth now stands, and thence across the valley to the region of
Pacoima or Dundee on the Southern Pacific R. R., vainly searching for the
Rio Porciuncula [Los Angeles river]. He was literally "lost," not knowing
how to find his way back to the trail of his outward march ; but he pushed
on eastward by way of Glendale and the lower part of Eagle Rock valley,
and found the fording place across the Arroyo Seco at Garvanza. The
stream was swollen with the winter rains ; he supposed it to be the Rio
Porciuncula again, and the priests so recorded it in their diaries. They
marched up across the lands where Lincoln Park and South Pasadena are
now located, and found there some Indian villages. His men were worn
out with hardships of roadless and trackless mountain travel ; their food ,
supply was exhausted ; and they were indeed in a sorry condition. The
Indians here were the Hahamog-na clan and proved to be friendly ; so from
them they obtained some dried meat and meal of dried acorns, and halted
there a few hours for rest and recuperation. The old chief of this clan,
Hahamovic, gave the governor some of their native tobacco {^Nkotiana
Begelovii'] axid &vix6k&6i\he " peace pipe " with him. f

In referring to this part of Portola's return march, Bancroft's Hist. Cal.,
Vol. /, page 16^, foot-note, says : " They finally crossed by the modern stage
route via Simi. January i6th to i8th their route through the Los Angeles re-
gion was also different but not very clear. On the 17th they crossed the Rio Por-

*■' Ishgua, or Ishguaget, was a rancheria [village] near the mouth of the Saticoy river and not far
from the beach. Hueneme was a rancheria on the ocean coast a few miles south of Saticoy river. " —
Ventura Mission records, quoted in Bancroft's "Native Races," p. 4S9-

fThis wason January 17th, 1770. " The Capitan, filling his long stemmed pipe with leaves of the
wild tobacco, presented it to the Spanish officer, whose supply of the foreign weed had been long ex-
hausted. Thus the cousoHug ' Pespihuta,' the Indian name of this plant, became the foundation of a
lively traffic between the aborigines and Spaniards, who paid for it in trinkets and hea.<\%."'-.\-Irs.Jeanne
C.Carr, tn Hist. Los Ang. Co. [/.ezvis's), p. jij.

"A speciesof tobacco is found on the sandy beaches which the Indians prepare and smoke.'' — Com.
IViikes's U. S. Exploring Expd.. Vol. V, p. 202.

" They use a species ot native tobacco of nauseous and sickening odor." — Sc/ioolcraft's Archaeology,
Vol. Ill, p. 107.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 59

ciuncula [they thought so at the time but learned better afterward — Ed.], and
went on to a valley which they called San Miguel, where San Gabriel Mis-
sion afterward stood."

After this rest and refreshment he marched on eastward along the north
side of the Mission hills till he came to the Rio San Miguel [the present San
Gabriel river], at the point now called Mission Vieja or "Old Mission,"
where then stood the Indian village of Isanthcog-na, and where the San
Gabriel Mission was at first established, about a year and a half later. Here
the San Gabriel river makes passage from its upper valley through between
the monticle ranges called "Mission hills" westward and " Puente hills"
eastward ; and from this point he followed down the river to the place where
he had crossed it on his outward march, some distance south of the Mission
hills, and so found his lost "old trail " again. Thence southeastward to El
Rio Jesus de los Temblores [the Santa Ana river], and so on to San Diego,
where the famous Father Junipero Serra was then engaged in starting the
San Diego Mission, the first one of the " old Missions " in our California.

In April, 1770, Portola again marched up the coast in search of Mon-
terey bay, which he had failed to find [or rather failed to recognize] the year
before, but had discovered San Francisco bay instead. This time he went
partly over his return route of January, by the line which afterward became
the Spanish governmet road from San Diego via San Juan Capistrano, San
Gabriel, San Fernando (old Mission), San Buenaventura, Santa Barbara and
San Euis Obispo to Monterey, and crossing the Arroyo Seco at Lincoln Park
or the old Garvanza ford. The poppy fields of Altadena were now all
aflame with their redolence of rich golden color spread over thousands of
acres ; Easter Sunday was fresh in mind [April], and the pious soldiers
called this wonderful poppy field La Sabanilla de San Pascual — the great
altar cloth of Holy Easter.*

The original or ' ' Old Mission ' ' San Gabriel was formally commenced
Sept. 8th, 1771. This was at the place still known as "Old Mission," or
Mission Vieja, near where the San Gabriel river passes through the line of
Mission Hills that form the southern boundry of what is called in general
terms the ' ' San Gabriel Valley. ' ' There was already an Indian village at
this place, called in their language hanthcog-na. The river had before
been called Rio San Miguel by the Spaniards, but from this time it was
called Rio San Gabriel, and the Indians of the region began to be called the
San Gabriel Indians. In 1775 the Mission was removed to the Indian vil-
lage of Sibag-na,t where the famous old church still stands, surrounded by
the fnodern village of San Gabriel. The church building erected at the

* " La Sabanilla de San Pascual was the name given by Spanish sailors to the vast fields of poppies
seen from far out at sea, the same glorious altar cloth, or bridal veil, which adorns the foot-hills of North
Pasadena with the return of every spring." — Mrs.Jeantie C. Carr, in Hist. Los Aug-. Co.

t " The village of Sisit Canog-na was only a mile and a half further north, where the Misiion pear
orchard afterward stood, and now known as the Cooper place, occupied by Isaac and Thomas Cooper.
Two of these old Mission pear trees are bearing yet. I saw them loaded vvith blossoms April 7th, 1895.

6o HISTORY OF PASADENA.

orignal site was of adobe bricks, and some fragments of its walls may be
seen there yet. The first church built at the new site was also adobe, a
short distance north of the present stone edifice ; but its walls were cracked
by an earthquake and made unsafe ; and about 1791 work was commenced
on the stone church. In 1797 the stone church was about half finished and
partly occupied. In 1800 it was still unfinished. In 1804 foundation was
laid for some additional portion of the great structure. These various
changes of site, and the long slow progress of work on the present stone
edifice, with occasional change of plan and change of priest, gave rise to
conflicting reports as to dates in the matter, so that I found variations among
different authors amounting to a difference of over twenty years as to when
this stone church was built. It was about fifteen or sixteen years being
built. Now, the point I was coming at is, that sometime while the Mission
remained at the old site, the Indian chief, Hahamovic, who had befriended
Gov. Portola and his famished men at South Pasadena [their village being
near the Garfias Spring], was baptized at this Old Mission and given the
name "Pascual," from the fanciful name " La Sabanilla de San Pascual,"
which had been given to the vast cloth-of-gold poppy fields within or bor-
dering, his tribal domain, that comprised both sides of the Arroyo Seco from
South Pasadena to the mountains ; and his tribe were thenceforth known as
the Pascual Indians. [Chief Pascual afterward married a white woman
named Angela Seise, and lived at San Gabriel to a very old age.] Then, after
the Mission was removed to its present site, and the old Mill erected [about
i8ioto 181 2], and the Wilson Lake dammed up for irrigation purposes and
to run a saw mill, etc. , these Indians were reduced to heavy servitude, and
proved a very important factor in producing the wealth for which the San
Gabriel Mission became famous, even exceeding all others in California ; but
they also specially served as herders and shepherds.* This mill was in-
tended to be the source of breadstuff for the San Fernando, San Buenaven-
tura and Santa Barbara Missions, and all the outlying settlements ; and the
main road leading to the Mill and the Mission from these western localities
is still called the Monterey road. It crossed the Arroy Seco at lyincoln Park
or Garvanza, where there was always a good fording place, just below the
present county bridge at that point. The cement quarry in the Lincoln Park
hills, where the reservoir is now, was then worked by Indians and its pro-
duct hauled in heavy ox-carts [carretas], to the other Missions — even as far
as Monterey, away up the coast almost to San Francisco.

RANCHO SAN PASQUAL's FIRST OWNER.

In 1806 Father Jose Maria Zalvidea was removed from San Fernando to
the San Gabriel Mission and placed at the head of its affairs, a position

* "After the removal of Mission San Gabriel toils present site, the San Pascual Indians were
employed as herders; the ' bell mare,' fleetest and most beautiful of the padres' stock, ranged in the
glades and led the band of wild horses to crop the grasses of the Altadena uplands."— Mrs. Jeanne C
Carr, Hist. Los Ang. Co., p. 314.

DIVI.SION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 6 1

which he held with distinguished success for twenty years. It was during
his administration that the old stone mill and the great stone dam at Wilson's
lake were built ; saw mill, tannery, tallow chandler}^, spinning rooms, weav-
ing works, saddle factory, and other industries were established and pushed
to success ; large orchards and vineyards planted, and water brought in
ditches from long distances to irrigate extensive field crops as well as fruits.
All this in addition to what had been done by his predecessors ; and thus he
brought the Mission to the highest degree of industrial and commercial suc-
cess ever reached by any Mission in California. But in the height of his
career, and when he had plans under way for a still farther increase of
business and pretige for this Mission, he was in 1826 removed by order of
the Friar President to San Juan Capistrano ; * and Friar Jose Bernardo
Sanchez was placed in charge of the San Gabriel Mission.

During Zalvidea's administration there had resided at San Gabriel a
devout, motherly woman named Eulalia Perez de Guillen, a Spanish lady of
purest blood, who had won high repute as a midwife and nurse, and was in
attendance upon Senora Pico when her son Pio Pico [afterward twice made
Governor of California], was born May 5th, 1801. Eulalia Perez had taken
an earnest and practical interest in the welfare of the Indians, especially the
women — teaching them the arts, decencies and religious sentiments o^
civilized life as best she could, and was a sort of Mother Superior to them in
her devotion and zeal for the church. For several years before Zalvidea's
removal from San Gabriel in 1826, the matter of secularizing the Mission
lands had been agitated ; for as early as Sept. 13th, 1823, the Mexican Con-
gress had passed a law for this purpose, which however was repealed and
reenacted, ordered enforced and then countermanded several times, and was
not finally enforced until about ten years later. Eulalia had been so helpful
and faithful in works of the churchf that Father Zalvidea wished to provide
for her in her old age by securing to her a large body of land, before the
Mission authority should be entirely broken up ; X accordingly he prepared
a deed to her of 3 J^ square leagues of land in the northwest portion of lands
belonging to the San Gabriel Mission. This deed was sent to Father San-
chez, who also knew right well of Senora Eulalia 's life-long labors for the
good of others ; and he approved and ratified it on Easter Day [called ' ' San

* Zalvidea served here until 1842, when he was sent to San Luis Rey Mission, and died there early
in 1846.

tEulalia's husband, Antonio Guillen, was one of the King's soldiers stationed at San Diego when
that Mission was first founded. But later he was sent to San Gabriel, and was there with his family in
1801. Then, some time before 1812 he was sent back to San Diego, and his daughter Maria de Los Angeles
was born there in that year. Later he fell sick; his son Theodore took his place as soldier of the Mission
guard ; and about 1821 he returned with his family to San Gabriel [the daughter above meutioned tells
me she was nine vears old when they came], and died here. Eulalia had eleven children, as follows :

Peira— daughter. Jose fa— daughter [died young], Jose/a again— daughter. Tomas— son. Domttigo--
son. Theodore— son. Lavreta-d&ui^hter. Maria /1m/o«zo— daughter. Maria de los Atigeles-Aaughter
[still living, the widow Lopez of San Gabriel]. Maria del /?oi(zrro— daughter, /fz/a— daughter, stiH
living, Senora de la Ossa, at San Gabriel,— and her son Fabricio de la Ossa is deputy sheriff there— 1S95.

X " To secure lands for farming purposes, it was in former years necessary to get the written con-
sent of the Missionary under whose control they were, ere the government could give legitimate posses-
sion, therefore their acquisition depended entirely upon the good will of the Friar."— Z.i/f in Calijornia;
Robinson, p. 218.

62

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Pascual" in the Spanish language], 1827 ; and the ranch thus took its name
from the name of the day in the church calendar on which it was first for-
mally deeded to individual ownership. Thus Eulalia Perez de Guillen
became the first person who ever held civil tenure of the land where Pasa-
dena now stands ; and of this worthy woman, Dr. J. P. Widney, in " Cali-
fornia of the South," page 154, says :

"In 1878 [June 8] Eulalia Perez de Guillen died here [San Gabriel
Mission], aged one hundred and forty-three years, she having been born at
Loreto in Lower California, in 1735. The age of Senora de Guillen has
been established beyond a doubt."

In May. 1890, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr wrote a strong article in the Sacra-
mento Record- Union advocating state division ; and in it she says incident-
ally, that she spent the winter of 1869-70 in L,os Angeles, and sometimes
rode out across the rancho San Pasqual to visit B. D. Wilson's place, and
the old San Gabriel Mission, — and adds: "I found Eulalia Perez, the first
owner of rancho San Pasqual, where Pasadena now stands, who had, in the
practice of her profession (midwifery) brought Gov. Pio Pico, and nearly all
the venerable persons of local distinction, into the world ; waiting for the
hand which should preserve the interesting story of her life."*

She waited in vain for an earthly biog-
rapher; but the recording angel's book of life
tells how unselfishly she worked more than a
hundred years for the good of others.

A daughter of this woman, Senora Maria
Guillen de I,opez, is still living at San Gabriel,
a widow aged eighty-three years. She was
born at San Diego in 181 2,t but was raised
at San Gabriel. Her husband was a son of
the historic Claudio lyopez who held the ofiice
of major domo at San Gabriel for thirty-
six years, and superintended the building
of the stone mill and the stone dam at
Wilson's lake, as well as the stone ditch
and water walls of the later one called "Chap-
man's mill," which are still visible across the
street south from the old Mission church.
Her son, Mr. Theodore lyOpez, aged forty-
five, also resides at San Gabriel — an intelli-
gent and well-informed gentleman, who
speaks the English language well, although

*''Another old lady, Senora Kulalia Perez de Guilleu, died here [San Gabriel] in 1S78, at the ripe old
age of one hundred and forty [143] years. She was born below San Diego, in Lower California, in
1735, three years after the birth of Georse Washington; in 7S54 she married Francisco Villabobas de
Zavin. who died aged one hundred and twelve years." — Prof. C. F. Hnlder, in " All About Pasadfva.'^
p. 4./.

This is all a mistake as to her marrying Villabobas in 1854, or any other time. Her second hus-

EULALIA PEREZ DE GUILLEN

Photo taken in i!S77, less than a year

before she died

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 63

Spanish is his mothers tongue. On August 30, 1894, ^^^ five or six times
afterward, I had long interviews with him and his mother in regard to old
matters of the Mission. They are frank-hearted, candid people, telling
things to the best of their recollection ; and I gathered from them particu-
lars about the historic old mills and other information nowhere found in
print.

THE GARFIAS OWNERSHIP.

In 1844 Dona Encarnacion, widow of Don Francisco Abila, took the
ranch ; put on to it the number of horses, horned cattle and sheep which
the Mexican law required to make a claim valid ; built an adobe house at
the historic spring on the Arroyo bluff, which had aforetime supplied the
aborigines, and now supplies I^incoln Park with pure water ; sent her major
domo there to superintend the ranch; paid Jose Perez's family for their im-
provements, and used the adobe house which Perez had built for her
vaqueros to live in. Thus Dona Encarnacion was the real founder of the
rancho, as an industrial enterprise. It had been granted to her new son-
in-law, lyieut.-Col. Garfias, November 28, 1843, by Gov. Micheltorena ; and
she took it in hand to manage it, while he attended to his soldier business.
The Pasadena titles all trace to Garfias's U. S. patent, 1863.

THE GARFIAS FAMILY.

Don Manuel Garfias first came to California in August, 1842, as a
young Lieut. -Colonel in Gov. Micheltorena' s army, which stopped at San
Diego awhile, but came to Los Angeles in September. Here they remained
three months, the Governor's staff and array officers enjoying almost a con-
tinual round of feasting and dancing, with bull fights, bear baiting, cock-
fighting, and other national sports. And in the midst of it all, young
Garfias fell in love with Senorita Luisa, the beautiful daughter of Dona En-
carnacion Abila, she being then a belle in the highest circles of Spanish
society. And the young couple were married in January or February, 1843.
In November, a girl baby was born to Lieut. -Col. Garfias ; and as he was
a favorite with the fatherly old governor, Micheltorena, that dignitary now
gave him a grant of rancho San Pasqual, which would make a "Don" of him,
and put him on a social footing with the family and relatives of his wife.
This grant bears date of November 28, 1843, a few months before Garfias's
mother-in-law. Dona Encarnacion, took possession of the ranch and stocked

band was Juan Marina, a gentleman from Spain — married about 1832. Eulalia's daughters and grand-
sons at San Gabriel had never heard of this Villabobas story until I asked them about it, and they were
quite indignant that such a misstatement had been published.

fAccording to Dr. Widney's dates, Eulalia was seventy-seven years old when this daughter was
born ; and she had another daughter [now Senora Rita de la Ossa of San Gabriel] born still later; hence
I thought Dr. Widney's statement as to Eulalia's age could not be correct. But Mr. T. F. Barnes, of the
great printing house oi Kingsley-Barnes & Neuner Co , L,os Angeles, assures me that he knew a Spanish-
Mexican woman at Phoenix, Arizona, who had an eight-pound daughter born when she was reputed to
be eighty years old. He weighed the baby himself; then took pains to investigate as to the woman's
age, and found that she was really seventy- four years old, instead of eighty. So we thought Southern
California climate might easily beat Arizona by four or five years on the baby question, without straining
the record.

64 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

it. On February 20-21, 1845, occurred the battle of Cahuenga, which
resulted in Micheltorena being forced to return to Mexico, with all his im-
ported troops, and Pio Pico being again made governor of California. [For
account of this battle, see Chap. 17.] Garfias, however, did not return,
but remained here with his family. And on May 7, 1846, Gov. Michel-
torena's grant to him of rancho San Pasqual was confirmed by the depart-
mental assembly, then in session at lyos Angeles, and by Gov. Pio Pico; for
by this time Dona Encarnacion had fully complied with the law as to live
stock and improvements on the land.

During the military operations of the Mexican war period, 1846-47, Gar-
fias took horses from this ranch to mount the soldiers of his own command.
And after the defeats of January 8 and 9, 1847, it was from their camp on
this ranch that he and Gen. Flores started back to old Mexico, while Gen.
Andres Pico made the capitulation with Col. Fremont. When Gen. Scott
finally captured the City of Mexico, in September, 1847, the whole Mexican
army became prisoners of war, Garfias included. The prisoners were of
course paroled ; and Garfias returned to Ivos Angeles, where he became an
American citizen under the treaty of peace between Mexico and the United
States. In 1850 he was one of the regidores [councilmen] of I^os
Angeles ; and in 1850-51 he served as county treasurer. In 1852-53 he
built his great and costly adobe house or hacienda on rancho San Pasqual —
a sort of country palace according to the fashion of the time — near by where
Dona Encarnacion had built a house for her major domo in 1844. In
1853 his son Manuel E. was born here ; and in 1855 his son Mariano Jose al-
so— the first white race children ever born on the ranch. In 1858-59 60 he
was in Mexico and took part in the contests between Gen. Miramon's faction
and President Juarez, for he seems to have still held the rank of Lieut. -Col.
in the Mexican army. In 1869 or '70 President Grant appointed him U. S.
consul at Tepic, in Mexico ; and the Centennial History of lyos Angeles,
county [1876] speaks of him as then living at Tepic. In 1895 tie is living in
the City of Mexico, as I learn from his brother-in-law, Theodore Rimpau,of
Anaheim.

Mrs. Garfias was a woman of superior mind, like her mother before her,
the latter being a Sepulveda, and aunt to Hon. Ignacio Sepulveda, who
served with honor, ability and good repute as judge of the Los Angeles dis-
trict and county courts from 1870 to 1884 — and had also been assemblyman
in 1864-65. As soon as American or English-speaking schools were opened
in Eos Angeles she sent her boys to them. This was protested against by her
Spanish friends, and especially by the church influence ; but she replied that
it was plain enough the Americans were going to fill up and occupy this coun-
try; itsbu.siness would be done in the English language ; and she did not want
her boys to come up with the disadvantage of not being able to both read
and speak the business language of the country. This was at once a moth-

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADKNIAN. 65

erly and stateswomanly view of the case, and she had the force of character
to carry it out. While Don Manuel Garfias was serving as U. S. consul in
Mexico she put her boys into college there, and lived in the City of Mexico
herself for some years to give them her motherly oversight. Wm. Heath
Davis of San Francisco in his book " Sixty Years in California," p. 312-13,
gives the following narrative :

' ' Dona Luisa Abila de Garfias, a California lady, born in the city of Los
Angeles, a relative of two noted families there of great wealth and married
to a citizen of Mexico, — was attractive for her remarkably fine personal ap-
pearance and superior conversational powers. On Christmas, 1880, she was
visiting in San Diego, and I was interested in her account of her life in the
City of Mexico, where she had lived for a number of years. Although fifty-
six years of age she had not a gray hair in her head. The lady relates that
when Juarez was elected president of the Mexican Republic, Miramon with
his forces opposed him, and designed effecting his capture, so as to prevent
him taking the ofiice. [1858.] Dona Luisa, having large estates in Los An-
geles county, plenty of resources and ready money (as had her husband
also), proposed to Juarez to furnish him with means, horses, escort, funds —
everything needed for him and his family to make a safe retreat to the
mountains, where he could remain until such time as his friends should or-
ganize a sufficient force to defeat Miramon and his schemes, after which he
could safely take the position of president of the Republic. Juarez accepted
her proposal, and she actually carried the plans into effect, with entire suc-
cess. Subsequently, during the administration of Juarez, her friendly ser-
vices in his behalf were duly recognized, and appreciation accorded from
Mrs. Juarez also. Don Garfias, the husband, distinguished himself in the
engagements of the Californians against Commodore Stockton at San Gabriel
[ford] in the winter of 1846-47, having then a command in the native forces.
In that fight he behaved bravely. Subsequently he acted as United States
consul at Tepic, Mexico."*

PASADENA'S FIRST BOYS.

I will now give a sketch of Mrs. Garfias' two sons — the first white race
children ever born on Pasadena soil. In 1 869-70 Byron O. Clark, now of Pas-
adena, and his father-in-law, B. F. E. Kellogg, bought a 640-acre farm at
Anaheim, and the first man they hired to work for them was Manuel E.
Garfias, t then [spring of 1870] about seventeen years old, having been born
at the Garfias hacienda of Rancho San Pasqual in 1853. On October 29,
1870, the Anaheim Gazette newspaper was started by a man named G. W.
Barter, and young Garfias went there to learn the printer's trade ; and he
was at work in the office when Chas. A. Gardner [now of the Pasadena

*It isinteresting to note that our Pasadenaland Garfias family was on Ihe right side iu this contest.
Miramon led the anti-liberal or clerical party in rebellion against Juarez, the lawful President, in 1S5S to
i860. But he was utterly defeated and made his escape to Europe ; there he aided in workuigupthe Max-
imilian scheme of Empire, under patronage of Louis Napoleon ; he came back to Mexico as one of Maxi-
milian's chief officers, and was captured and shot with that misguided prince in 1S67. So our Pasadena
family bore a part in stirring historic events iu Mexico as well as here. By collating some documents
which I specially obtained from the City of Mexico, with other records in California, I gather that Gar-
fias was a Lieut. -Colonel in the regular Mexican army when he first came to Los Angeles in 1842 ; and he
had a brother who was a Colonel in the army in Mexico.

tHe was then living in the family ;f Theodore Rimpau, whose wife, Francisca, was sister to Mrs.
Garfias.

66 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Daily Star~\ bought it in 1871. Young Garfias had attended English schools
both in lyos Angeles and Anaheim, and was reckoned the smartest boy in
school to "speak apiece" — hence he was much in demand for entertain-
ment occasions, and naturally enough was somewhat proud of it. Sub-
sequently he attended St. Vincent's college in Los Angeles, and graduated
there. Then he went back to Mexico and studied law — but at last drifted
into miHtary life, won his way step by step, and finally reached the rank of
General. He was killed in battle in Honduras in April, 1893, while com-
manding troops in defense of the lawful government of that republic to
which he had offered his services against insurgents.

In my researches upon this family I procured documents from the City
of Mexico ; and in a Mexican publication called El Universal^ dated Febru-
ary 21, 1 89 1, there was a sketch of this Pasadena boy which Arturo Bandini
kindly translated for me, and from it I quote this passage :

' ' The love of country and the career of arms is traditional in the Garfias
family ; valor also is a hereditary trait. The father of our young Colonel
[afterward General] was Lieut. -Col. Manuel Garfias who fought bravely in
upper California against the Americans till the end of that war. Another
Col. Garfias, an uncle of Don Mariano and his brother our present subject,
is well known in our history as having occupied military positions above
any other one of equal rank, his probity, valor and talents in military af-
fairs being fully recognized. Worthy son and nephew of these military chief-
tains is young Col. Garfias, born in the flourishing city of Los Angeles [on
rancho San Pasqual — now Pasadena], upper California, thirty-nine years
ago [1852]. He was educated in the colleges of that state, receiving his
diploma therefrom.* In early youth he devoted himself for some time to
the study of law ; but he had missed his vocation ; his love and destiny was
the military profession. He had ancestors from whom to inherit it ; and as
his father and uncle were called to fill distinguished careers of arms, he
determined to follow in their footsteps. ' '

Mariano Jose Garfias, the second boy born on Pasadena soil, is now a
reputable lawyer in the City of Mexico ; and he had the distinguished honor
of being secretary and sub-delegate of the Mexican Commission to the great
Columbian World's Fair at Chicago in 1893.

JUDGE EATON'S ACCOUNT OF THE GARFIAS HOUSE.

" I came onto the San Pasqual Rancho, the present site of Pasadena, in
December, 1858. This Rancho was a Spanish grant made to Don Manuel
Garfias, a Captain [Lieut. -Col.] in the Mexican army who served in the de-
fense of his country when the Americans under Commodore Stockton and
Fremont invaded this section. The Mexican grant, which called for three
and a half square leagues (about 14,000 acres), was issued during Governor
Pico's administration in 1846 — only two years before the treaty of Hidalgo.
The only house on the rancho was the hacienda, located on the east bank of

*St. Vincent's college at Los Angeles w».s started in 1S67 ; and Manuel E. Garfias and Arturo Ban-
dini were students there together.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 67

the Arroyo Seco, on land now owned by G. W. Glover in South Pasadena,
and was occupied by the grantee, together with his wile, Dona Luisa, and
a large family of children. =i^ Mrs. Garfias was a niece [sister's daughter] of
Don Jose Sepulveda who was the father of Hon. Ignacio Sepulveda, for some
years presiding judge of this district.

"The Garfias hacienda was at that time one of the finest country estab-
lishments in Southern California. It was a one-and-a-half story adobe
building, with walls two feet thick, all nicely plastered inside and out, and
had an ample corridor extending all around. It had board floors, and
boasted of green bHnds — a rare thing in those days. This structure cost
$5,000 — in fact, it cost Garfias his ranch, for he had to borrow money to
build it, and the prevailing rates of interest were four per cent per month —
to be compounded if not paid when due.f The title of the property passed
into the hands of Dr. John S. Grifiin of I^os Angeles, by purchase just before
I first came out here; and as my wife's health seemed to be failing in lyos
Angeles and the change was recommended, I determined to take up my resi-
dence here To prepare for this step I left my wife and two children (Mary,
now Mrs. H. M. Johnston, and Fred, late city engineer of Los Angeles)
with her sister, Mrs. Dr. Griffin, and came out myself with stock, etc., tak-
ing possession of the premises just before Christmas, 1858. [It was in 1858
that Dr. Griffin loaned Garfias $8,000, as he told me. — Ed.]

" No attempt had ever been made to divert the waters of the Arroyo
upon the ranch lands, so that cultivation of them was impracticable except
for such crops as would mature with the winter rains — chiefly wheat and
barley. I had brought with me quite a little herd of American cows which
I had been gathering and raising for years, and I did not at that time turn
my attention to anything but stock, and dairy produce. My wife did not
live to join me here, but lingered until the following May. Her death
broke up my plans, and in July following I rented my dairy stock and left
the ranch — not returning again until February, 1865."

Some further historic incidents connected with the original San Pasqual
ranch house (the "Garfias adobe" as it was familiarly called by Pasadena's
early settlers) may here be noted. On the brink of the Arroyo bluff" a few
rods from the house a bountiful spring gurgled out under a great spreading
oak tree, and this spring was the determining cause for locating the house
here. The Indians had one of their villages near here when the Spaniards
first came in January, and again in April, 1770. This spring is now closely
boxed up and its waters piped to Lincoln Park, where it furnishes the sup-
ply for domestic and irrigation purposes in that oak-embowered settlement.

*The Garfias children were six : three hoys— Enrique, born at Los Angeles, was sheriff at Phcenix,
Arizona, in 1S94-95, and had been deputy U. S. marshal before. Manuel E., the General, and Mariano
Jose, the lawyer, as before explained. Three girls, Angelina Salome — now Mrs Lambeck of San Diego.
Manuelita — now Mrs. Alejandro Sabin of Tia Juana. Laura — now Mrs. Lainesse of San Francisco.
The girls were all born at Los Angeles.

t"In 1851 a common interest of money wns five per cent, per month often ten per cent. ; a rate that
commenced in iS4S-'49, with the loans of John Temple to the hundreds eager to share in the ' bonanza '
atany sacrifice." —YCententiial Hist. Los A. Co., p. 4^.

68 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

During the boom days of 1886-87, G. W. Glover, Sr., laid off hisland, which
included the site of the old Garfias hacienda, into town lots, and this made
it necessary to pull down all that remained of the heavy adobe walls and
grade the ground. This was done in November, 1888. Cottages have been
built on each side of it, but the lot where the historic old hacienda stood is
still vacant (1894) and now owned by Geo. W. Glover, Jr., editor of the
South Pasadenan.

While engaged in building his ranch house, Senor Garfias made a
road up over the Arroyo hills nearly opposite the head of Colorado street, to
get timber from a fine sycamore grove which then grew on what is now
known as the Campbell-Johnson ranch. That old road was quite a con-
spicuous object, in plain view from Pasadena for nearly twenty years, and
had been facetiously dubbed " Fremont's Trail " by D. M. Berry, the col-
ony secretary ; the name stuck, and the majority of early Pasadenians really
believed that Gen. Fremont had made that road ; but Fremont never saw
nor heard of it. Garfias made it, and the rafters for his house and timbers
for the rear veranda, besides poles and posts for corrals and various other
uses were all hauled or dragged down that miscalled "Fremont's trail."
It is now (1895) almost entirely obliterated by the grading and improve-
ments made by Mr. J. W. Scoville on those Arroyo hills. As this " Garfias
adobe" was the one historic manor house of Pasadenaland, I quote here an-
other account of it published some years ago :

"The wood work was mostly of Oregon pine. The posts which sup-
ported the projecting roof were of redwood. The interior was plastered and
nicely finished throughout. It was the finest country house in L,os Angeles
county, but it cost Garfias the ranch. When interest on the borrowed
money amounted to $1,000, and he saw no way to pay it, he went to Dr.
Grifiin and told him that if he would give him $2,000 more he would make
him a deed for the ranch. Griffin did not want the place,* and he would
never have foreclosed the mortgage ; but to oblige Garfias the $2,000 ad-
ditional was paid over, and the Doctor received the deed for the ranch,
which contained nearly 14,000 acres."

Dr. Griffin informed me in July, 1895, that Garfias built his hacienda
in about 1853, and it was not till 1858 that he [Griffin] loaned Garfias
$8,000 (not $3,000 as has been commonly reported), taking security on the
land. And when the additional $2,000 was furnished Garfias, it was to pay
for the personal property — the farm implements, tools, work horses, oxen,
etc., that were then on the ranch. It was thought at the time by business
men of Los Angeles that he had paid a great price for the place.

*Ex-Mayor Spence of Los Angeles in a public speech at Pasadena's great Citrus Fair in 18S5, said
that when he first rode over rancho San Pasqual in the early '6o's he would not have given twentj'-five
cents an acre for it~in fact he would have hesitated to take it as a free gift and agree to pay taxes "on it.
And in 1S74, when B. D. Wilson made a free gift to the Orange Grove colony of 1400 acres up where Al-
tadena now lies, the colony men generallv R^lt that they could not afford to accept it; but on learning
that the taxes were all paid they ventured to risk its acceptance.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 69

THE WILSON AND GRIFFIN OWNERSHIP.

The next step in the evolutional progress of San Pasqual Rancho was
in 1867, when B. D. Wilson and Dr. Griffin as joint owners had a ditch
made to convey the waters of the Arroyo Seco from Devil's Gate up onto
the second bottom, with a view to irrigate the land and raise alfalfa hay for
summer feeding of their ranch stock. -'^ Judge Eaton had the job of making
the ditch, which was at first only a small dirt-bed channel, and extended
down to the knoll or rise of ground east of the old Tirrell house where John
W. Wilson resided from 1871 till 1890. Judge Eaton also "bossed the
job" of building this adobe tenant house, which was for the use of a man
named Tirrell, who was then engaged in working the land, while a man
named Sam Kramer had charge of the stock ranging on the ranch. The al-
falfa land, to keep the stock ofi" from it, was fenced with pickets and posts
brought down over the old trail from Wilson's Peak ; and the house was
roofed with shakes from the same source, some of which can be seen there
yet [1894]. This Wilson ditch was the first attempt made to lead the waters
of the Arroyo Seco out upon the summer-desert mesa lands and make them
habitable by civilized man ; and it presented to the eye in a most striking
manner the famous California illusion of "water running up hill."

COMPLETE CHAIN OF TITLE OF RANCHO SAN PASQUAL, FROM 1 769 TO 1 874.

There has been some variance of opinion and an occasional dispute as
to who originally owned the Rancho San Pasqual ; and semi-occasionally a
rumor is whispered around that somebody, somehow, somewhere, is going to
rip up the title, and play smash generally with the conveyance tenures of its
present occupants. I have therefore taken pains to collect and prepare a
succinct schedule of dates, names and conveyance of title from the first — a
body of most valuable historical matter which has never before been collect-
ed or made public.

In 1769 the Spanish crown first took formal possession and made occu-
pancy of Upper California, under Gov. Portola, although certain navigators
had claimed the country for Spain nearly a century before. (See Chap i.)

In 1 77 1 the Mission San Gabriel was established, and it took possession
of the territory now comprised in Eos Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside
and Orange counties. Its tenure and jurisdiction of this territory was in ac-
cordance with Spanish law, and had the special sanction, confirmation and
support of the Spanish sovereign.

In March, 1826, Father Zalvidea was removed from his position as
Friar Superior ot San Gabriel, which he had held for twenty years, and sent
to San Juan Capistrano. He had overworked himself and everybody else at

*In the county assessment of 185S B. D. Wilson is taxed on $20,648 valuation ; Dr. J. S. Griffin on
$15,000 ; and Abel Stearns on $[86,586. But Stearns' assessment included property which rightly be-
longed to his father-in-law, Don Juan Bandini, who had trusted him to manage his estates.

70 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

San Gabriel, in his zeal to make it a great success, till he had fallen into a
state of exploitive monomania ; for he was then negotiating for an enormous
purchase of iron to build iron fences around the gardens and orchards of the
Mission — a preposterous and crazy project.* These were reasons enough for
his removal, without imagining "jealousy," as Bancroft and other writers
have done.f

At San Juan Capistrano he prepared a deed for three and a half square
leagues of land to Eulalia Perez de Guillen and sent it to Father Sanchez,
his friend and successor at San Gabriel. The Mexican government having
become independent of Spain in 1822, had already twice passed decrees for
secularizing the Missions ; and although these decrees were not enforced,
the work of disintegration and gradual breaking up had commenced — and
these two priests wished to provide for this faithful and devoted woman in
her old age, for her life had been " full of good works." Zalvidea had ver-
bally promised or given her the ranch some time before, but no deed of it
was made out until after he went to San Juan Capistrano. Then he sent it
to Padre Sanchez, who accordingly [as the story goes] on Easter Day ("San
Pasqual" in Spanish), 1826, J confirmed and ratified at San Gabriel the deed
to Eulalia Perez de Guillen, of the body of land thenceforth known as
" Rancho San Pasqual." This was in due accord with Spanish and Mexi-
can law at the time, and was thus a valid title as far as it zvent ; but Eulalia
was old, and had no skill or knowledge in matters of law and had no one to
act for her who knew any more as to what further steps were necessary on
her part than she did herself; and the result was that her deed was never
entered on the civil records. Likewise the law required certain buildings to
be erected on such land grants, and a prescribed amount of horses, sheep
and cattle to be maintained there, etc., in order to complete the title ;§ but
she and her family failed to fulfill these conditions, and consequently of
course her claim became forfeited. I did not succeed in finding this original
deed nor any copy of it, but I did find and talk with people who had
seen it while it was preserved in the family, for her death did not occur un-
til June 8, 1878, at San Gabriel. Her grandson, Theodore Eopez, told me

*" He purchased large quantities of iron with the intention of railing in all of the vineyards and
gardens." — Hugo Heid.

t"Two aged missionary friars resided here [San Juan Capistrano, April, 1S29], Padre Geroninio Bos-
caua, and Padre _/oi^ Maria Zalvidea — the latter though at this time secluded and apparentlj' weak in
mind, once took an active and laborious part in the management of the Missions." — Robinson's "Life in
Cah/ornia," p. z8.

Boscana was afterward sent to San Gabriel, and died there Julys, 1831. Padre Zalvidea was still
living in 1840-41, in active service among the Mission Indians of San Juan Capistrano and vicinity. He
died at San Luis Rev early in 1846, while still on duty as a missionary to the Indians, especially those of
Snn Pasqual village.

IZalvidea was transferred in March, only two or three weeks before Easter Sunday, and he sent
the deed up to San Gabriel in time to have it officially ratified by Sanchez on that day, 1826 (1827, in
top line of page 62, is a misprintl.

{i At thai lime Monterey was the capital, and the deed would have to be taken there for record, a
transaction which of course would involve considerable expense ; and she was very poor, besides being
then already verv old. Also, she had no money to buy stock for the ranch, nor to build a house and live
there. This explains how it happened that she failed to complete her title and hold the ranch.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 7 1

that the last he heard of the deed was that Felipe Lugo had it. Don Felipe
was justice of the peace in 1840 (when the ranch was granted to Knrique
Sepulveda and Jose Perez), and again in 1850.

Some years after the ranch had been given to old Eulalia, there came to
vSan Gabriel a fine appearing gentleman of straight Castilian blood, recently
from Spain, Juan Marine by name, who had held for a while some public
office at San Diego. He wooed the aged Eulalia and married her. But
they did not get along well together ; so they agreed to divide their property
and go apart. Eulalia took his bit of land and house where the San Gab-
riel public school now stands, for her portion, and gave to Marine the
Rancho San Pasqual, which was solely hers.

[Note. — I made nine unsuccessful trips hunting for documents on this
Marine case, to E. Sorabjee, and the district court, and the federal court,
and to G. W. Hughes, and to Hervey Lindley ; but a tenth eflfort proved
successful after this chapter was in type, ready for press. And I find that
in 1833, Don Juan Marine [pronounced Mar-e-7iay] was in possession of
"Rancho el Rincon de San Pascual. " December 27, 1833, the governor'
made inquiry about it of the City Council of Eos Angeles. They replied :
' ' Juan Marine has all the requisites required by law to be heard in his
petition." In February, 1835, Governor Figueroa granted the ranch to
Marine. In 1838 Marine died. April i, 1839, Fruto Marine, his son,
sold his interest in the ranch to Jose Perez for " six horses and ten head of
cattle." In July of same year Antonio Silva and Deciderio Belardi (sons-
in-law of Marine) and his two other sons, Filomeno and Rafaela Marine,
sold their interests to Jose Perez, — but as to Chino Silvas, another son-in-
law, I did not find whether he sold or not. The Marine family had some
crops on the ranch, but apparently never built any permanent house on it,
nor stocked it according to law. Jose Perez built the adobe house which
still stands, and lived there in 1839-40. His heirs finally sold their interest
to Dona Encarnacion Abila ; she stocked the place as the law required, being
the first person to do this ; and her rights all passed over to her son-in-law,
Don Manuel Garfias. — Ed.]

The first white man who ever made a home on Rancho San Pasqual
was Jose Perez, a son of Eulalia's cousin, Esteban Perez. Jose's wife was
Merced Eugo, sister to his uncle Eranio Perez's wife ; but after Jose's death
she married the American, Stephen C. Foster, who was the first alcalde
[mayor and judge] of Eos Angeles under American rule — 1847-48-49, and
was a member and secretary of the first State Constitutional convention of
California, being a graduate of Yale College and a proficient scholar in the
Spanish language. Jose Perez built the west E of the old adobe house
recently occupied by E. Sorabjee, as manager of the Raymond Improvement
Company's large tract south of Raymond Hill, and lived there in 1839.

72

HISTORY OP PASADENA.

HOUSE BUILT BY JOSE PEREZ ON RANCHO SAN PASQUAL IN 1839.
Still standing, 1S95.

Senora Maria lyopez told me that he was a favorite violin player for the young
people to dance. He was now sick — thought he was going to die, and sent
word to her to come up to his house and hear him play on his violin for the
last time ; so she walked from San Gabriel up there to visit him. She could
not tell what year it was. I asked which one of her children was a baby at
that time, and in this way she made out that this incident occurred in 1839.
He removed to I^os Angeles for medical treatment soon after, and did not
die at once — for in 1840 Gov. Alvarado made a grant of Rancho San Pas-
qual to Jose Perez and Enrique Sepulveda. But neither of them ever
stocked the ranch with horses, sheep and cattle, as the law required —
hence their claim was "abandoned" and the ranch was still public land,
open for somebody else to take.

On November 28, 1843, this ranch was granted by Gov. Manuel
Micheltorena to Don Manuel Garfias, a young officer of the Mexican army
who had come here with the governor. And this grant was confirmed to
him by the Departmental Assembly and Gov. Pio Pico on May 7th, 1846.
[See lyos Angeles records, Book i, page 14, of Patents.]

March 9, 1850, Manual Garfias conveyed to Carlos Hanewald a body
of land " one mile square," with no boundaries given, but simply this vague
description : " Commencing where the Arroyo turns upward on the tillable
lands there." For this he was to pay $2000 ; but he failed to pay — and
on December 3, 1850, one John Pine appears with Hanewald in a new
contract for the purchase. They were to pay $600 down, and the balance
of purchase money was to draw 4 per cent, per month, (or 48 per cent.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 73

annual interest !) — all to be paid within one year ; or, failing of this, they
were to forfeit all payments and improvements they had made, without
recourse. It was an iron-clad contract. Their plans failed ; and all their
claims, interests and improvements reverted to Garfias.* Thus the Spanish
Don was nearly forty years ahead of the Yankees as a " boomer ' ' of these
lands. His prices (according to the times) and his rate of interest beat any
record of Pasadena's famous "boom" period — so the "boom class" will
liave to let this historic old Spaniard go up head.

On April 25, 1854, the United States Board of Land Commissioners
passed judgment on the validity of the Garfias claim above mentioned, and
confirmed it — and thus the Rancho San Pasqual entered upon its first legal
status and recognition under the United States law.f

On September 18, 1858, a document was issued at San Francisco and
signed by I. W. Mandeville, United States Surveyor General for California,
from which I quote the following points of historic record in regard to this
ranch. [Book i, p. 14 of Patents, Los Angeles Co.]

"Whereas, it appears from a duly authenticated transcript, filed in the
General Land Office of the United States that, pursuant to the provisions of
the Act of Congress, approved the third of March, one thousand eight hun-
dred and fifty-one, entitled, " An Act to ascertain and settle the Private
Land Claims in the State of California, Manuel Garfias, as claimant, filed
his petition on the sixteenth day of September, 1852, with the commisioners
to ascertain and settle the Private Land Claims in the State of California,
sitting as a Board in the City of Los Angeles, in which petition he claimed
the confirmation of his title to a tract of land called San Pasqual, contain-
ing three and one-half square leagues, a little more or less, situated in the
County of Los Angeles and State aforesaid : said claim being founded on
a Mexican Grant to the petitioner, made on the 28th day of November,
1843, by Manuel Michel torena, then Governor of the Department of the
Californias, and approved by the Departmental Assembly on the 7th day of
May, 1846. And, Whereas, the Board of Land Commissioners aforesaid,
on the 25th day of April, 1854, rendered a Decree of Confirmation in favor
of the claimant, which Decree or Decision was on appeal affirmed by the
District Court of the United States for the Southern District of California.
And the said Court further adjudged and decreed that the claim of the
above mentioned Appellee is good and valid, and the same is confirmed to
him, to the exent of three and one-half square leagues within the bound-

*3ome of our pioneer settlers in 1870-74 noticed the crumbling walls of an adobe house on the Arroyo
bottom at foot of Hanaford's bluff, a short distance above Sheep Corral Springs ; also remains of old
water ditches there and at other places along up the Arroyo. It has always been a great mystery who
made them. They were simply relics of work done by Hanewald and Pine, who believed they could
wash gold from these Arroyo sand beds.

tAugust 27th, 1852, the United States I,and Commissioners reached Los Angeles. September i6th
Garfias filed his petition on his San Pasqual claim. September 23rd, says the Centennial History, p. 44.
" there was a grand ball at the dwelling of Don Manuel Garfias, in honor of the Land Commissioners."
This of course was a social affair at the very top of the scale in Los Angeles society. The Garfias man-
sion was a spacious structure of adobe, and fronted on Main street at corner of First street, where the
Lichtenberger block now stands. Mr. G. W. Robinson, now 86 years old, and his wife (of 441 Commercial
street), then lived in a part of the Garfias house and were at this grand ball. The commissioners had
rooms in the same building. Mr. Robinson was deputy sheriff several years ; and at another time
had a lot of his own stock on Rancho San Pasqual, and built tor himself a house made of tules. up
against Dona Encarnacion Abila's adobe house, before Garfias ever lived on the ranch. Mr. and Mrs.
Robinson were the parents of the first child ever born in Southern California whose parents were both
Americans.

74 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

aries described in the grant and the Map to which the grant refers, to-wit :
On the east of the Rancho of " Santa Anita," on the west by the bluff of
the Arroyo Seco, on the north the Sierra, and on the south the range of
hills near the road to L,os Angeles, these the said hills being included in the
said described premises, provided that should there be a less quantity than
three and a half square leagues within the said boundaries, then confirma-
tion is hereby made of said less quantity.

"And, Whereas, it further appears from a duly certified transcript,
filed in the General lyand Office, that the Attorney General of the United
States having given notice that it was not the intention of the United
States to prosecute the appeal heretofore taken in this cause, the aforesaid
District Court, at the December term, 1856, ordered that the order of appeal
heretofore granted in this cause be and the same hereby is vacated,
and the Appellee has leave to proceed under the Decree of this Court
heretofore rendered in his favor as a final Decree.

"The said tract has been surveyed in conformity with the grant
thereof and the said decision. And I do hereby certify the annexed map
to be a true and accurate plat of the said tract of land as appears by the
field notes of the survey thereof made by Henry Hancock, Deputy Sur-
veyor, in the month of August, A. D. 1858, under the direction of this
office, which having been examined and approved, are now on file therein.
And I do further certify that under and by virtue of the said confirmation
and Survey, the said Manuel Garfias is entitled to a Patent from the United
States upon the presentation hereof to the General Dand Office for the said
tract of land,

Surveyor Hancock's field notes showed 28 different courses in the bound-
ary line of the ranch, which illustrates the curiously irregular shape of the
body of land described ; and this was equally true of nearly all of the old
Mission or Spanish land grants.

On January 15th, 1859, Manuel Garfias and lyuisa Abila, his wife, ex-
ecuted a deed to Benjamin D. Wilson,* of " all right, title, interest, claim
and demand, both at law and in equity, as well in possession as in expect-
tancy of, in and to the real property '^ * known as the Rancho de
San Pasqual," etc. Consideration, $1,800. This deed is recorded in Book
4, page 310 of Deeds, I^os Angeles County. That was four years before
Garfias had obtained his United States patent for the land, and said patent
was the "expectancy" referred to in the above quoted recital of what in-
terests were conveyed. In fact, besides monetary interests, Wilson had a
special reason of a personal nature for aiding the Garfias claim before the
U. S. lyand Commissioners. The rival claim, based on the prior grant of
1840, had become a sort of Lugo family affairf — and the Lugos were

*There is a biography of B. D. Wilson in the Histor3' of Los Augeles County, published by Thomp-
son & West in 1880, on pages 36-37.

t As this is an interesting historic episode touching Pasadenlaud, I will make it more clear. Old
Don Antonio Lugo originally owned the San Antonio ranch, 2q, 513 acres, and the Chiiio ranch, 16,000
acres. In 1835 to 1840 he was listed as owning 37,000 head of cattle, and 2,400 horses. He had five sons,
as (oWows : Jose Maria Lugo. Felipe Lugo, Jose del Cur men Lugo, Vicente Lugo, Jose Antonio Lugo ; an A
four daughters — Vicente, wife of Eranio Perez and aunt of Jose Perez to whom (with Enrique Sepulveda)
the ranch had been granted in it;4o ; Mrrced, wife of Jose Perez, and after his death wife of Stephen C.

Foster, and claimant of the ranch before the U. S. Commission ; Maria Antonio, wife of Yorba ;

Maria Jesus, wife of Isaac Williams whom B. D. Wilson believed had betrayed him at the battle of

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 75

specially obnoxious to Wilson. In the affair at Chino, in September, 1846,
when Wilson and his company of U. S. soldiers were all captured, he al-
ways believed that Isaac Williams betrayed him ; and Williams's wife was
one of the Lugo women. Then when they were being marched to lyos
Angeles as prisoners, it was Capt. Jose del Carmen Lugo who wanted to
shoot Wilson and all the rest ; and they were only saved irom this fate by
the heroic and soldierly honor of Capt. Serbulo Barelas. Mrs. Merced
IvUgo de Perez de Foster, the rival claimant of the ranch against Garfias,
was sister to Mrs. Williams and to Jose del Carmen and Felipe Lugo —
while Mrs. Garfias was cousin to Wilson's first wife,* so here was a call for
him to take a hand in the fight for the ranch, and bring discomfiture upon
his old enemies the Lugos. He therefore went into the contest, aided in its
management, and won the case.

On December 11, 1862, John S. Griffin and Louisa, his wife, deeded
to Benjamin D. Wilson and Margaret S. Wilson, his wife, for the consider-
ation of $500 a tract of 640 acres " on the Rancho San Pasqual, out of which
said Rancho the herein described lot of land is carved." [Book 6, p. 51.]
This conveyance included what was afterward known as the "Fair Oaks"
and the Allen property ; and the same day, to- wit :

On December 11, 1862, Benjamin D. Wilson and Margaret S. Wilson
his wife made a deed to Kliza G. Johnston of 262 acres of which the docu-
ment says: "The said tract hereby conveyed being part of the San Pas-
qual Ranch, and the southwesterly half of the land this day conveyed by
John S. Grifiin and Louisa his wife, to the parties of the first part herein ;"
etc. The consideration was $1,000. [Book 6, p. 53.]

This Mrs. Johnston was sister to Dr. Griffin, and wife of Gen. Albert
Sidney Johnston, who was in command of the Department of California
when the war of 1861 commenced. Unionists at San Francisco reported
to Washington that Gen. Johnston was planning to turn the resources of his
command over to the confederate cause, as Gen. Twigg had done in Tex-
as ;t and he was thereupon superseded by Gen. Sumner. | Johnston re-

Chino. Don Felipe Lugo, justice of the peace, had the original deed that was made of the land to
Eulalia Perez de Guillen by the padres, and was trying to aid his sister Merced Foster, widow of his
nephew Jose Perez, in her case. However, their claim had the fatal defect of failure to put such build-
ings and such live stock on the ranch as the Mexican law of land grants required, this failure being due
to the death of Jose Perez before he could complete his undertaking.

*Dona Vicenta Yorba, widow of Don Tomas Yorba, and then managing the great Santa Ana
ranch herself, [January, 1847], " was the aunt of Mr. Garfias, wile of the American Consul at Tepic,
Mexico." — See " Sixty years in California, pp 432-3-4.

iGeo. Stoneman was a captain in command of Fort Brown, Texas, and was ordered by Gen. Twigg
to surrender the Fort to the secessionists. He refused to obey this order of the commanding General
t)ut marched out with his own troops under the old flag and took steamer for New York, and afterward
became famons as a Union cavalry officer. And this was our Pasadenaland Gen. Stoneman, Governor of
California from 1883 to 1887. Gen. Stoneman first came to California in 1847, arriving at San Diego Jan-
uary 29th of that year as L,ieut. in Jst U. S. dragoons and quartermaster of the Mormon battalion,

JGen. Sumner was sent from Washington to San Francisco so secretly that the newspaper :nen
did not get hold of it. He went by steamer to the isthmus, then by steamer up the coast The vessel ar-
rived off Golden Gate in the daytime but the General held her from running in until after nightfall ;
then instead of going directly to her own dock she lauded him and his staff at another wharf a mile
nearer the Presidio or fort where Gen. Johnston had his headquarters. Gen. Sumner was met by the U.

76 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

signed instead of reporting at Washington as ordered ; went south and
joined the confederacy ; and was in joint command with Gen. Beauregard of
the confederate army at the battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg I^anding, where he
was killed April 6, 1862. Mrs. Johnston occupied the land above men-
tioned, built a house on it, and named it " Fair Oaks," after the old planta-
tion home of her childhood in Virginia. April 27, 1863, her oldest son,
Albert Sidney, was killed in the historic steamboat explosion at San Pedro,
his body not being recovered until the 29th. This sad event affected her
mind and plans so disastrously that in a few weeks she left the place and
never returned to it. Dr. Griffin's wife and Judge B. S. Eaton's first wife
were sisters; and Mrs. Johnston's son Hancock married Judge Eaton's
daughter Mary ; and out of this interblending familyhood came the fact of
Judge Eaton's settling on this " Fair Oaks " place in 1866, where he still
resided (and owned it) when the Orange Grove colony settlement was made
in 1873-74.

On April 3, 1863, a United States patent for the land comprised in
Rancho San Pasqual, was issued to Manuel Garfias, with Abraham Lin-
coln's signature attached. [Book i p. 14 of Patents.]

On March 27, 1865, B. D. Wilson and John S. Griffin conveyed to
Phineas Banning, John G. Downey, Matthew Keller, George Hansen, and
R. W. Heath, trustees of the Los Angeles Pioneer Oil Co., " all their right,
title and interest to any and all brea, petroleum, rock oil or other oleaginous
substances in the Rancho San Pasqual." But it was stipulated that they
must "commence boring or sinking wells for the extraction of oil within
six months ;" and the Oil Company was to pay Wilson and Griffin " a roy-

S. naval officer and the postmaster, and a few others known to be loyal unionists, besides a squad of lo-
cal militia in citizens' dress, with sidearms only, in command of Capt. D. M. Greene, now of Pasadena.
These formed liis escort to the fort, where they arrived after midnight. Gen. Sumner went in alone,
and had Johnston called up out of bed. The two Generals had been classmates at West Point, were in-
timately acquainted, shook hands cordially, then Sumner delivered the sealed documents from Wash-
ington directing Johnston immediately upon the receipt of these orders to turn over his command to
Gen. Sumner. Johnston opened and read the papers, and then with a forced smile said, " General, the
command is yours." Sumner spent the rest of the night in preparing orders, putting his own staff in
command, etc., so that when daylight arose California was saved to the union instead of being (as it
would have been in three days more) held in control by open adherents of the pro-slavery rebellion— for
this element was strong, boastful and bullying in California at that time. R. H. Williams of Pasadena
lived in San Francisco then, and was a member of Co. D Washington I,ight Infantry— a local militia or-
ganization, and also vouches for these events. Mr. Williams afterward served in the California Battal-
ion of 2d Mass. cavalry. He is adjutant of John F. Godfrey Post G. A. R., in 1S95.

Capt. Greene has a copy of the Mesilla, Arizona, Times[a. secessionist paper] of Augi'st 3, 1861, from
which I quote this : " The followiug named gentlemen under command of Capt. Alonzo Ridley, arrived
in our city on the 31st ult.. from Los Angeles, Cal. : Gen. A. S. Johnston, a native of Kentucky, late in
command of the Department of California," etc. Then follows a list of seven lieutenants with him who
had resigned from the U S. army ; and twenty-six volunteer recruits— all on their way to join the con-
federate army. The same paper names nine companies of confederate soldiers then holding Arizona ;
and publishes the proclamation of John I. Baylor as acting governor on behalf of the Confederate States
of America Capt. Greene's force of union troops afterward captured Mesilla. and used the same print-
ing office to issue a union paper.

Judge Walter Van Dyke of the superior court, Los Angeles, was a Douglas democrat in i860 ; then
in 1861 he was elected to the state senate on the " Union Ticket" by the close majority of fourteen, and
bore an important part in saving California from secession. He knew Gea. Johnston ; says he was a
man with a fine sense of personal honor ; and he thinks thit Johnston, like Gen. Lee, was struggling
with his conscience as to whether his present duty was to thegeueral government, or first to his native
state (Kentuckyi according to the state rights doctrine which then prevailed in the South— hence he did
not take any decisive stand either for or against the secession movement. But meanwhile some army
officers under him, and certain politicians, presuming on his southern sympathies, were plotting and
planning to give California over to the Confederacy,— thus implicating him without any direct participa-
tion or purpose on his part, yet making his prompt and quiet removal a prime necessity for the Union
cause. I make this explanation as due to the feelings of Gen. Johnston's family and relatives who
still reside amongst us.

DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADNIAN. 77

alty of ten per cent, net of all the crude oil extracted from these lands,"
free of all expense to them except that they must ' ' furnish their own
casks." — Wilson and Griffin were themselves members of this Oil Company.
The consideration for this grant was only One Dollar, besides the "royalty,"
and the grant was "limited to the term of twenty-five years." [Book 9 p.
490 of Deeds.] But I have found no evidence that any oil wells or even
prospective borings were ever made on the ranch, though "smelling com-
mittees ' ' have several times sniffed over the ground and thought they found
oil "odor" down around Columbia hill.

September 12, 1866, Eliza G. Johnston conveyed to John S. Griffin all
her right of pasturing, herding and grazing 500 head of live stock on the
Rancho San Pasqual which had been granted in her deed from B. D. Wil-
son and wife on December 11, 1862. Consideration, $2,500. [Book 8, p.
213, of Deeds.]

On March 3, 1869, B. D. Wilson deeded to Phineas Banning all his
right, title, interest, share, claim or demand whatsoever in the Rancho San
Pasqual. Consideration, $35,000. [Book 12, p. 237.]

On March 10, 1869, Phineas Banning deeded to John S. Griffin, [Book
12, p. 311] all his right and interest acquired by deed from B. D. Wilson,
only seven days before. Consideration, $30,000.

On October 13, 1869, Phineas Banning deeded to Benjamin D. Wilson
[Book 13, p. 628] the same property rights and interests described in Wil-
son's conveyance to Banning on March 3, and in Banning 's conveyance to
Griffin on March 10, as above given. But this time it is described as " the
Rancho de San Pasqual, in the township of San Gabriel" — this being the
first mention of San Gabriel township in any of the deeds. Consideration,
$35,000. The explanation of these last three peculiar and apparently con-
flicting transactions is this : Banning, Griffin and Wilson were intimate
friends and all engaged in very large trading, speculative or business enter-
prises. They often borrowed large sums of money or credit from each
other, giving a deed or mortgage as ' ' collateral ' ' security — sometimes put
on record and sometimes not.

On September 23, 1870, John S. Griffin deeded and quit-claimed to B.
D. Wilson [Book 15, p. 482] an undivided half interest in all of the Rancho
San Pasqual that had not before this date been sold by deed or contract to
third parties. Consideration, $1. It seems that prior to this the Monks
tract of 2,000 acres, the Grogan tract of 5,000 acres, and the Raab tract of
30 acres had been sold, besides the " Fair Oaks" tract conveyed to Griffin's
sister, and some lesser parcels to relatives of Wilson. There was also a
parcel occasionally mentioned as the " Widney tract," but not found of
record.

On June 20, 1872, Griffin and Wilson deeded to Prudent Beaudr}^
[Book 21, p. 26] a parcel of hilly land on the west bank of the Arroyo Seco,

78 HISTORY OF PASADENA,

estimated as 30 acres, opposite what is now the junction of West Columbia
street and Arroyo Drive. There, in 1875-76, Beaudry, and a man named
Carson (son of Gen. Fremont's famous and faithful scout, Kit Carson),
worked a shaft into the hill or Arroyo bank 200 feet, seeking for a coal mine.
They found carbonaceous shale and a few pockets of lignite, or possibly
indurated asphaltum, but no true vein of coal.

In October, 1873, Griffin and Wilson employed Wm. P. Reynolds to
survey the remainder of the Rancho into four separate parcels marked as
tracts Nos. i, 2, 3 and 4, and to make a map of the whole. Tract No. i
contained 2,576.35 acres. No. 2 contained 1,366.03 acres. No. 3 con-
tained 693 acres. No. 4 contained also 693 acres. Total 5,328.38 acres.

On December 18, 1873, Griffin and Wilson made an agreement of par-
tition, with said Reynolds' map attached as a part of the agreement [Book
27, p. 229], by which Griffin took tracts Nos. i, 3 and 4 for his share, and
Wilson took tract No. 2 for his share of the now completely broken up old
ranch. The right to burn lime at the kilns on tract No. i (I^incoln Park
region) was reserved to Wilson, and an equal share of the waters of the
Thibbet's Springs on tract No. 2 was allotted to each party. Thus it ex-
hibits that Wilson took 1,366 acres for his share, and left Griffin 3,962.35
acres. But this apparent disproportion was made up in the deed by Griffin
to Wilson, September 23, 1870, of a body of choice oak timber land, sur-
veyed by J. M. Baldwin, in August, 1870, lying east of this latter tract No.
2 (Fair Oaks avenue being now on its line), and south of the Grogan tract.

On December 26, 1873, John S. Griffin deeded to Thomas F. Croft
[Book 27, p. 251] all of the partition tract No. i as marked on the Rey-
nolds' map, containing 2,576.35 acres ; and another parcel of land described
by metes and bounds, and containing 1.357 acres ; total, 3,933.35 acres, with
all waters arising on these lands, or otherwise pertaining to them. Con-
sideration, $25,000.

The San Gabriel Orange Grove Association (commonly called " Indiana
colony") had been organized Nov\ 13, 1873, and had been negotiating for
the purchase of this body of land from Dr. Griffin, with Judge Eaton acting
as his agent. At this time [November 13] Griffin and Wilson still owned
the land jointly. Griffin was anxious to sell out, but Wilson was not, and
some difficulty arose between them in regard to it. This caused delay, and
for awhile threatened to break up the colony project entirely. Mr. Croft
was one of the original incorporators and trustees of the colony association ;
and at this critical time he went to Wilmington [December 13] to confer
with Phineas Banning and B. D. Wilson, and succeeded in bringing about
an understanding which finally resulted in the agreement of partition between
Wilson and Griffin, dated December 18, 1873, as above cited. This enabled
Griffin to go on and complete the sale which he desired to make. But now
the colony people could not at once raise the amount of money necessary to

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 79

meet his terms. Mr. Croft then privately, at his own expense, procured a
complete abstract of title which covered every transaction affecting the
ownership or any auxiliary rights connected with this body of land, from
November, 1843, to December, 1873 ; and upon this he purchased the land
himself under the above cited deed of December 26, in order to secure it
beyond further delay or difficulty for the colony association. The abstract
referred to is a voluminous document, comprising nineteen sheets of heaviest
grade abstract paper, 8}4 x 13 inches, printed in close lines of small type,
and cost Mr. Croft over $50. He preserves it yet as a valued relic
of the colony's cradle-bed time, and I am indebted to him for its use in
preparing this schedule of the many changes of ownership and other rights
which have occurred in the history of Rancho San Pasqual.

Mr. Croft's diary shows that he first visited the ranch on October 13,
1873, in company with D. M. Berry and J. H. Baker. Reynolds was then
making the tract survey for Griffin and Wilson, and Croft and Berry
came out from Dos Angeles frequently to note the progress of the survey
and study the lay of the land. Mr. Berry was negotiating on behalf of
the colon}" for the land they wanted, and he insisted on having their strip
project eastward along where East California street now runs, instead of
northward along the Arroyo Seco. Wilson wouldn't have it that way, be-
cause it would leave his own land in very inconvenient shape ; and the
efforts to coerce him in this matter brought about the anger and hot blood
between Wilson and Griffin above referred to, and delayed the colony pur-
chase all through November. Mr. Croft saw Mrs. Griffin and got an
understanding with her; then on December 13, he went to Wilmington as
a peacemaker and colony land- buyer himself, and gained his case succes-
sively with Mr. Banning, Mrs. Wilson, and finally Mr. Wilson. Then on
December 15, his diary says : " This day, determined stakes and points of
satisfactory division of Rancho San Pasqual with B. D. Wilson on the
grounds." On December 16, he met Wilson at surveyor Reynold's office
in Dos Angeles, and arranged details of boundary to be recited in the con-
veyance. December 17, lawyers were at work preparing the articles of
agreement on segregation of interests between Wilson and Griffin. Decem-
ber 18, Wilson and Griffin signed these articles, without which the colony
purchase from Griffin could not be consummated. The question of colony
funds, spot cash, now made another balk. So, on December 26, Mr. Croft
paid Griffin $6,250 cash himself, and gave his note for the balance, $18,750,
in one year, and received the deed as above mentioned.

On December 29, 1873, three days after Griffin's conveyance of the
entire colony tract to Croft, Thomas F. Croft deeded all his right, title and
interest therein to the "San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, a corpora-
tion duly organized under the laws of California," etc. Consideration,
$25,000 [Book 27, p. 267], the same as he paid. The association then

8o HISTORY OF PASADENA.

assumed all of Mr. Croft's notes and obligations, according to an agreement
which he had made with Dr. Griffin beforehand, and paid them by quar-
terly assessments on the shareholders, or by sale of lands when it could be
done.

On January 27, 1874, the colonists assembled on Reservoir Hill, and
each made selection of his own choice of lots in the tract as platted by the
colony's surveyor, equal to his number of shares of stock in the association.
A complete list of these original selections is given in another place, with
explanation of where each one lies now [1894] in the present city of
Pasadena. [See Chap. 5.]

CHAPTER IV.

Pasadena's Part in the Mexican War. — Capture of Los Angeles in 1846. — Lieut.
Gillespie driven out. — ^ Battle of Chino. — Battle of Los Angeles. — Battle of Do-
mingnez ranch. — Carrillo's hippodrome strategy at San Pedro. — Army flag made
from children's dresses. — Battle of San Gabriel ford. — Battle of Laguna ranch. —
Mexican army encamped at South Pasadena. — Plans made there for their final
surrender to Col. Fremont. — List of Pasadena families correlated with these not-
able events.

HOW PASADENA FIGURES IN THE CALIFORNIA BATTLES.

Don Manuel Garfias, the first patentee owner of Rancho San Pasqual,
and B. D. Wilson its second recorded owner, and Dr. John S. Griffin its
third owner, all bore a part or had deep concern in the battles of San
Gabriel and the Mesa, or I^aguna Ranch, fought between the American and
Mexican forces on January 8 and 9, 1847. A portion of the Mexican troops
under Garfias' command took horses and cattle from this ranch for their
march back to Mexico. And from his camp on this ranch Gen. Andres
Pico appointed commissioners who made and signed the final terms of sur-
render to Col. Fremont, known in history as the "capitulation of Cahuen-
ga," and which was the last official act, and in fact the only one, of Mexic-
Californian authorities for turning the vast territory of California over to the
United States. But besides these, there are other Pasadenian families that
have historic association with the stirring events, battles and marches of
1846-47 ; and therefore I devote a chapter to this part of our local his-
tory.

The name of note in Pasadena history which first appears in connectign
with the military movements for .securing California to the United States is
that of Don Juan Bandini, after whom Bandini avenue was named (mis-
called " Michigan" avenue in part of its course.) This man's son, Arturo
Bandini, married a daughter of Dr. T. B. Elliott, the first president of the
original "Indiana colony," out of the ashes of which Pasadena arose, and

DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADENIAN. 8 1

he gave to the world the now famous name of " Pasadena." Mr. and Mrs.
Arturo Bandini have been prominently identified with Pasadena's sporting,
social and literary life for twenty years. Every book written about Califor-
nia by any citizen of the United States prior to the Mexican war, such as
Dana's "Two Years Before the Mast," Robinson's "Life in California,"
Davis' "Sixty Years in California," etc., make frequent mention of Don
Juan Bandini, because he was a man of note and influence at San Diego,
lyos Angeles and Santa Barbara. But his first connection with U. S. mili-
tary affairs is explained in Gen. Fremont's "Memoirs," pages 563-64-65, as
follows:

THE TAKING OF LOS ANGELES IN 1 846.

"The ship [sloop Cyane] entered the land-locked bay of San Diego,
where the still waters reflected the quiet of the town. Here no enemy was
found. On the contrary, we were received on the footing of friends by
Don Juan Bandini, the chief citizen of the place, and by Don Santiago
Arguello [father to Mrs. Bandini], the Captain of the port. [This was July
27, 1846. — Ed.] Senor Bandini was a native of Spain ; of slight and
thin person, sarcastic and cynical of speech, often the shape in which a
keen intelligence, morbid because without outlet, expresses itself. * *
One of Don Juan's daughters was married to Don Abel Stearns, whose
residence was at lyos Angeles. ' '

Fremont's troops could not move a mile from their ship without
horses and beef cattle for their subsistence and transportation ; and speak-
ing of this matter, he writes :

' ' There were not enough horses at hand to mount a party to send after
animals to distant places through an enemy's country. In the midst of
these difficulties, the aid which Bandini and Arguello were willing to give
us was most fortunate. * * * After little more than a week occu-
pied in this way [collecting horses and beef cattle] with the aid of Don
Juan, a sufficient number of animals were obtained to enable me to move ;
and on the 8th of the month [August] we moved out on the road to Los
Angeles. * * Just before leaving the town an uncommonly beautiful
sorrel horse, thoroughly trained, was brought me from Senor Bandini.
* * It was a gift from the family."

With Fremont on this march was his famous scout, Kit Carson, whose
son Sam, nicknamed " Kit," afterward lived a while at Pasadena, and in
1876-77 dug the entrance shaft for the Beaudry coal mine opposite the foot
of Columbia street. He had formerly worked for Don Juan Bandini at San
Diego.

• While Fremont was in San Diego, in 1846, Commodore Stockton had
arrived at San Pedro, and on Aug. nth he commenced his march from there
towards Los Angeles, being joined on the 13th by Fremont's troops, and
they marched into the city together without any armed resistance, hoisted
the America flag and took possesion of the country in the name of the

6

82 HIvSTORY OF PASADENA.

United States.* August 28th, Stockton sent Kit Carson as bearer of des-
patches to Washington, reporting all his proceedings here, and Carson
started on horseback across the country to Santa Fe. Ivieutenant A. H.
Gillespie with about fifty men was left in command at Los Angeles ; Fre-
mont marched north overland to Sacramento, and Stockton returned
to his ship and sailed north. But before leaving. Commodore
Stockton had commissioned B. D. Wilson as a Captain in the U. S. Army,
and authorized hira to raise a company to guard the frontier. At this time
Wilson owned the great Jurupa ranch which he had bought from Don Juan
Bandini, and his ranch house, with gardens, orchards, etc. , was located near
where the City of Riverside now stands, f Gillespie proved entirely in-
competent for the position he was placed in. He exercised his authority in
a way to exasperate the intelligent Spanish citizens who were peacefully
disposed. He arrested some of the Spanish "Dons" and held them re-
sponsible for a drunken mob attack on his quarters on the night of Sep-
tember 16, Mexican " Independence Day," when in fact his own men were
as much to blame for the carouse as the Mexican revelers, and over half of
his soldiers were lying locked up in the guard-house for drunkenness at
the very moment when the drunken Mexicans assailed the barracks. His
unwise course in the matter so outraged and incensed the better class of
citizens that they raised a revolt to drive him out of the country. He
then sent a courier to Captain Wilson for help.

THE BATTIvE OF CHINO.

Wilson got twelve of his company together as quickly as possible and
started for lyos Angeles. They went to the Chino ranch house, a large
adobe structure, in hope to find a supply of powder there for them, and
while there they were surrounded and attacked by a body of Mexicans in
command of Serbulo Barelas of Los Angeles, and Jose del Carmen Lugo of
San Bernardino. A sharp battle ensued here at daylight of September 27,
1846. The Americans were sheltered in the adobe house of Isaac Williams;

*Governor Pio Pico and Gen. Castro fled the country, and have been accused of cowardice for it.
That is a mistake. Pico had issued a patriotic address appealing to the Mexicans to rise in arms and
repel the American invaders. But Gen. Castro reported to the Governor, and to the Legislative Assem-
bly then in session at Los Angeles, that from lack of powder and firearms he was utterly unable to cope
with the well armed, well equipped and disciplined American troops. Governor Pico then advised that
the legislature adjourn sine die, and that he and the commanding general should get away, so that the
Americans should not find any man or body of men in aulhoritj' to transfer the government to them.
This was " good politics " on their part and the plan was followed out ; and this was why he fled. Fre-
mont tried hard to entice Pico back but he was too shrewd to come, still hoping that either Mexico or
Kngland would yet overturn the American occupancy. Don Juan Bandini and his brother-in-law, San-
tiago E. Arguello were members of this legislative a'ssemblv, though not present at the adjournment.
They were anti-Pico men. Governor Pico died at Los Angeles, September ii, 1894, aged 93.

fFrom Robinson's "Life in California," pp. 203, 204, I quote a few passages that have a Pasadena
interest. They were written in early spring time of 1842.

" We resumed our saddles and soon reached Santa Ana. * * At sunset entered upon the

plains of the Ranchode San Juan del Rio, the dwelling place of Sen or Bandini. We found our friend
Yorba [grandfather of Mrs. J. de Barth Shorb I here. * * We visited the planting grounds of

Bandini, which were beautifully laid out on the side of the river. [Hence the name. Riverside.] On our
route back to the Pueblo |Los Angele.s] we passed through a long valley [San Gabriel Valley] which was
the scene of destruction during the slaughter of the Mission cattle in 1835. Its devastation was still
visible, for skulls and bones were lying about in every direction."

DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADNIAN.

83

but it had an asphaltum roof, and the Mexicans succeeded in setting this on
fire, so that Wilson and his men were now at their mercy ; and on promise
of protection as prisoners of war they surrendered. They were marched to
I.OS Angeles and turned over to Gen. Jose Maria Flores, who had been
chosen commander-in-chief of the Mexican troops. While on their march
to I.0S Angeles, some of the victors, led, as B. D. Wilson afterward claimed,
by Capt. Jose del Carmen Lugo, concluded to end all this trouble at once by
shooting the prisoners right there.* And of this episode the 1880-History
of Los Angeles County, page 43, says : "The treacherous Mexicans had
drawn their prisoners up in file on one side of the road, and were about to
massacre the whole lot. Barelas bravely dashed between, and swore he
would run his sword through the first of his command who dared to fire a
shot. He said he had pledged his honor as a man and as a commander for
the safety of the prisoners, and only over his dead body might they suffer
harm."

THE BATTLE OF LOS ANGELES.

When Gillespie sent to Capt. Wilson for help, the latter was off" in the
mountains with most of his company, on a bear hunt, and there was a de-
lay of some days in finding him. Meanwhile, as Hittell's History relates,
the Mexicans made a dashing assault on Gillespie's barracks, September
23 ;t but as the Americans were well armed, had plenty of ammunition,
and were sheltered within adobe walls, the assailants were defeated with a
loss of eight killed and many wounded. [See J. G. Parson's " Life of John
W. Marshall."] This was four or five days before the Mexicans had found
their own hidden-away cannon which afterward became famous as the
"Woman's Gun." Notwithstanding their defeat the Mexicans kept Gil-
lespie in a state of siege and he probably could not hold out another week.
September 27-28 the Chino prisoners were turned over to Gen. Flores.
There had been a sort of guerilla fight going on every day. And on the
29th, Flores, with a view to save further bloodshed, sent B. D. Wilson to
tell Gillespie that he might march out unmolested if he would go to San
Pedro and there embark his troops. Now, before Stockton and Fremont left
in August, Gillespie had dug up and brought into his barracks some old Mexi-
can cast-iron cannon which had been spiked and buried in a field east of Boyle
Heights, when Gen. Castro and Gov. Pico fled the country on Stockton and
Fremont's approach ; and now, to shade off the ignominy of retreat, he
asked permission to take these cannon along on his march. This was

*Bancroft says there was "a young man named Sepulveda " who joined with Lugo in this scheme
to shoot the prisoners. I learn from Jesus Rubio and E. S. Hereford that the man referred to was En-
rique Sepulveda, who with Jose Perez had received a grant of Rancho San Pasqual in 1840.

. . t"The assailants, according to Marshall's biographer, were forced to retreat, with a loss of eight
k.\ned."—Leztfis' HiU. Los A. Co. p. 72. [Pub. 18S9.]

"On September 23, under the leadership of Jose Maria Flores, the Californian forces attacked and
beseiged Gillespie and his handful of men. * * He, however, made a determined resistance,
until finally on September 30, finding the odds too great against him, he capitulated."— //zV^«//'j History
Cal., Vol. 2, p. 599.

84 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

finally agreed to, on his promising to restore the guns to them at San Pedro.
[John Marshall, he of gold discovery fame, who was one of Gillespie's sol-
diers in Los Angeles, had unspiked one of the cannon and used it against
the Mexicans on Fort Hill, after their unsuccessful assault on the barracks
below.] But when Gillespie reached San Pedro, instead of restoring these
guns as he had promised to do, he broke off all their breech knobs, had them
packed tight with small gravel stones, and then rolled into the surf at low
tide.*

This act of bad faith and over-smart strategy further incensed the Mex-
icans against him, and greatly increased the peril of B. D. Wilson and his
fellow-prisoners ; and they would have been killed but for the faithful watch
kept over them by Serbulo Barelas, who had at the battle of Chino given
his word of honor to protect them as prisoners of war, which he repeatedly
did at the risk of his own life. The next January B. D. Wilson learned
from Gen. Andres Pico just where these cannon were ; and as they were of
no use to the government. Commodore Stockton gave him permission to se-
cure them as relics. Three of them were old Mexican guns which Gov,
Micheltorena had hauled down from Monterey and used against the Los
Angeles revolutionists at the battle of Cahuenga, February 20-21, 1845.
Micheltorena sent them back to Los Angeles by Mauricio Gonzalez, after his
embarkation at San Pedro to return to Mexico.

Wilson eventually hired some
Mexican cartmen [in 1849 or
'50] to haul them up from San
Pedro, where tbey had lain in
the salt water until that time
and were badly "pock-marked."
He planted them, muzzles down,
in front of his store on corner of
Main and Commercial streets, and
two of them remain there yet,
just as he put them ; but at the
centennial celebration of the
"^ - founding of Los Angeles city

The historic cauuou at corner of Main and Comiuercial

streets. -Photo 1S95. (1881) two oi them Were placed

on corners at the old court house ; and in 1892 these two were removed
to west front of the new court house, where they may now be seen.

As soon as Gillespie had been driven out, as above noted, Don Manuel
Garfias (our Pasadena first patentee) was sent with a small troop of mount-
ed menf to retake Santa Barbara, where a garrison of ten men had been

*" There is a Reneral agreement that Gillespie promised to deliver his field pieces at San Tedro,
but broke his promise."— //^«/. Cal., Vol. 5^ p. 31$.

t" Manuel Garfias, one of the Californiau leaders, marched with two hundred men to Santa Bar-
bara," eic — HitlcU's Hist. Cal.. Vol. ^. p. hoo. This is a big exaggeration, for Garfias had not to exceed
fifty men — but nearly all our Americau writers magnify the Mexican numbers.

DIVISION ONK — PRE-PASADKNIAN. 85

left by Commodore Stockton or Fremont to hold the place. They heard of
his approach, and escaped in the night. Garfias left a small Mexican gar-
rison there, and one also at San Buena Ventura, and then returned to Los
Angeles with forty or fifty recruits for Gen, Flores' army, but did not ar-
rive until after the battle of Dominguez. He brought in as a prisoner from
Santa Barbara an American named George Nidever, who refused to give
his parole ; but Nidever escaped from Garfias at Los Angeles, succeeded in
reaching Stockton's army, and was in the battles ot January 8 and 9, 1847.
This Nidever was the same man who afterward in 1853 discovered and res-
cued the native Indian woman who had lived on San Nicholas island en-
tirely alone for eighteen years. He was offered $1,000 to sell her for a
traveling show ; but he was opposed to slavery, and refusing the golden
bribe, he gave her protection and a home in his own family till she died,

THE BATTLE OF DOMINGUEZ.

On reaching San Pedro, lyieut. Gillespie embarked with his troops Oc-
tober 4, for safety, on the merchant ship Vandalia, which chanced to be ly-
ing there. October 6 Capt. Mervine arrived there from San Francisco with
the U. S. frigate Savannah. On the 7th he landed 350 of his men, who
were then joined by Gillespie's men, but without horses or cannon, for Gil-
lespie told Mervine that the Mexicans had no artillery, as he had brought
away and destroyed all their cannon, and therefore he would need none.
This force of 400 men marched to the Dominguez ranch house and camped
there for the night. The next morning, October 8, they formed in march-
ing order and started for Los Angeles, but were immediately attacked by a
force of ninety men under Don Jose Antonio Carrillo, one of the Spaniards
whom Gillespie had so indiscreetly arrested only three weeks before. Car-
rillo had a small brass cannon, [the historic "Woman's gun "], which his
men manoeuvered by hauling it about with rawhide ropes tied to the pom-
mels of their saddles. They would dash forward and fire it at Mervine 's
marching column, then gallop off with it out of musket range and reload, then
back to the front, discharge it, and off again. They fired four times in this
way during a running fight of about three miles, and had loaded again with
their last ball ; but by this time six Americans had been killed and six or
seven wounded, and Mervine retreated to San Pedro, buried his dead on
Deadman's Island, and re-embarked his crestfallen troops.

On his retreat, Mervine stopped at the ranch house again, and com-
pelled an old workman there to hitch up an ox-cart and haul the dead
bodies to the beach at San Pedro. During these operations some accoutre-
ments of killed or wounded men and a flag were carelessly left behind.
These were gathered up by Carrillo's men as trophies of their victory.
During the next month, November, Don Antonio F. Coronel started as a
commissioner to Mexico to obtain funds and other aid for Gen. Flores'

86 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

army ; and carried with him the American flag captured at Dominguez as a
proQf of their patriotic prowess. But he did not succeed in reaching
Mexico.

Different writers have given somewhat varying accounts of this battle,
but I have relied chiefly on that written by Stephen C. Foster, who came to
L,os Angeles with the Mormon Battalion, (as did also our Gen. Stoneman,)
in March, 1847, and served as government interpreter two years there, and
also as alcalde or district judge ; then was elected to the first constitutional
convention, where his services were exceedingly valuable, because he was a
proficient Spanish scholar and familiar with the old Spanish archives. * From
various writers I gather that no Mexicans were killed or seriously wounded
in the battle of Dominguez. They had no cannon balls, onl}- some rude
ones that were hammered out by a blacksmith, and no powder except some
very inferior stuff which they made themselves at San Gabriel. After his
account of this battle, Foster continues :

RUSE DK GUKRRE AT SAN PEDRO.

"The next day Commodore Stockton arrived [from Monterey] with the
remainder of his ships, [another writer says, October 23, on the ship Con-
gress.— Kd.] and landed 800 men and six light guns, to march on the town
[lyOS Angeles] next day.f But Carrillo manoeuvered his force of 400 men
[he had been reinforced by ranchmen and others from Temple's ranch, Sepul-
veda's ranch, and other points. — Ed.] by forming them in a circle in columns
of fours, so that some eighty men could be seen at once from the ships'
mast-heads marching toward the beach and disappearing in a hollow. The
middies were in the topmasts with their spy-glasses, counting the enemj^'s
force, and by dark they had counted more than two thousand ; and they
were still marching when night fell. Stockton re-embarked the next day
and proceeded to San Diego. "|

Stockton had found that there was no chance for him to get a supply of
horses at San Pedro necessary to mount a portion of his troops and haul the
artillery ; and he knew of the friendly aid Don Juan Bandini had given to
Fremont six months before. These were reasons for his going to San
Diego, where there was also safe harborage for his ships — which there was
not at San Pedro at that time of year ; and he arrived there about Novem-
ber I. Bandini was away at his Guadalupe Rancho in L,ower California,
and the Mexican adherents had driven all cattle and horses to inland points

*Foster married Jose Perez's widow, who was the first white woman that ever lived on Raucho
San Pasqual. [See Chap. 3.]

t ' Carrillo now assembled a vast cavalcade of wild horses from the plains, and dispersing his
mounted troop>< among them, the whole body was kept constantly in motion, passing and repassing a
gap in the foothills plainly discernible from the roadstead. Owingto the dust raised by this cavalcade
it was impossible to discern that all the horses had not riders, when it was seen that some had." — Hist.
L. A. Co.,(iSSu'> t>- ./f.

JB. D. Wilson was then at Temple's ranch (Cerritos) as a prisoner, and saw Carrillo's strategic dis-
play of men and horses ; and he wrote in his memoirs that Stockton did not land any troops ; but Stock-
ton himself made official report that he did la?id t/iem. And I explain Wilson's mistake in this way :
While Carrillo was performing his hip])()diome strategy, Gillespie wastrjiug to land fifty marines but
was signaled back, and all returned to ship; and this part Wilson saw, but ilid not see the rest. Yet
the next day Stockton himself put 800 men and six cannon ashore ; but not being able to get any horses
or o.\;en to haul the artillery, nor any horses to mount skirmishers or scouts, he re-embarked and sailed
to San Diego.

DIVISION ONE — PRK-PASADKNIAN. 87

beyond the reach of the Americans.* While awaiting events here, Stock-
ton learned that Gen. S. W. Kearny was marching overland from Santa
Fe.

THK BATTLK OF SAN PASOUAI,.

On December 6, 1846, Gen. Kearny had reached the Indian village of
San Pasqual in San Diego county, f with 160 men and three cannon; and here
he attacked a force of eighty Mexicans who had no cannon, under Don Andres
Pico, another of the Spaniards whom Gillespie had unwarrantably arrested
and locked up in his guard house at lyos Angeles on September 17. A hot
battle was fought, in which Kearny himself was wounded, and also I^ieut.
Gillespie who had been .sent by Stockton to join him. Dr. John S. Griffin
of Pasadena fame, was surgeon on Gen. Kearny's .staff; and in his journal
he reported the American loss as eighteen killed, three mortally wounded,
sixteen wounded who recovered, one missing and never accounted for. In
addition to this, three were taken prisoners by the Mexicans, and they also
captured one brass cannon. The Mexicans had none killed, but eleven were
slightly wounded, and one of them had to have a leg amputated .j; One of
their men was taken prisoner. Commodore Stockton got word of the affair
the next day, and immediately dispatched a force of 200 men to Kearny's
relief. By this aid Kearny arrived at San Diego December 12, with his
wounded and the remnant of his command. The San Diego residence of
Don Juan Bandini was Commodore Stockton's headquarters, and that of
Bandini's brother-in-law, Santiago E. Arguello, was used for a hospital. ^5
Dr. Griffin of course had charge of the wounded in their improvised hos-
pitals at San Diego. Another man in the battle was Kit Carson, whose
son afterward figured in Pasadena, and whose cousins and a nephew reside
here yet.

Bandini was a man of superior intelligence and culture. He had be-
come heartily tired of the continual revolutions and changes of government
in Mexico and California ; he had always been friendly to Americans as
traders here ; he believed the United States could give them a stable gov-

*"Rancheros must at once remove their live stock from the coast beyond reach of the naval forces ;
whoever refuses is a traitor." — Order of Gov.-Gen. Flores, October 77, 1S46.

t" San Pasqual of battle memory is thirty-four miles northeast from the city of San Diego, close to
the foot of the mountains." — Tourists' Giiide to S. Cat., p. 61.

|In his report to the Secretary of War, Gen. Kearny said ; " The enemy succeeded in carrying off
all their dead except six " This was such a brazen and ludicrous false pretense on his part that the sol-
diers dubbed him ' BJxcept-Six Kearny" — aud this uickuame stuck to him through life. Sergeant Falls,
who was in the battle, spoke at a meeting of Mexican War Veterans at San Francisco in June, 1885, and
said the Mexicans captured the cannon by lassoing its lead horses ; but Kearuj' had tried to belittle the
prowess of the Mexicans b5' claiming that his artillery horses merely took fright and ran away iuto the
enemy's lines. I have learned that the man who did that historic job of lassoing was Manuel Kubio of
San Gabriel, uncle to our Jesus Rubio ; aud Manuel's uncle Casimiro was wounded at the same time, as
mentioned by Bancroft. Then Manuel's brother, Francisco Rubio, was fatally wouuded in the battle at
I<aguna ranch, was hauled home from the battle field in a cart by his nephew, Jesus Rubio of ubio can-
yon fame, aud died the next day at San Gabriel.

fiStockton had taken Bandini's house for army use. His headquarters mess was there, aud the
band from his flag-ship " Congress " ; and the commodore would often invite the Bandini family and oth-
ers to dine with him, and would have the band play during the dinner hour. See Davis' " .Sixty Years
in Cal.," p. 418. This Davis's wife was niece to Bandini's first wife, aud cousin to Mrs. Col. Baker of Los
Angeles, owner of the Baker block, the Laguna ranch, and other great properties.

88 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ernment, and he preferred it to any English protectorate. With these
views, he and his brother-in-law, Arguello, had espoused the American
cause. The Mexican government had ordered all the ranchers to drive
their cattle, horses, hogs and sheep to the mountains, beyond reach of any
American troops that might land along the coast. Bandini then owned two
great ranches, Guadalupe and Tecate, in lyower California,* and he refused
to obey this order, but instead had armed all his tenants and employes,
ready to fight if any Mexican troops attempted to enforce that order on his
lands. This was the situation in November and December. Stockton's
army was literally " out of meat ;" and now he sent an expedition down in-
to lyOwer Caliiornia, which became very famous by reason of " a woman in
the case," Dona Refugio Bandini, who made from her children's garments
the first American flag ever made on the Pacific coast, and thus at the time
met a serious emergency for an American army officer marching without a
flag.

THE ARMY FLAG MADE FROM CHILDREN'S DRESSES.

During the winter of 1882-83 Mr. H. C. Dane learned from Col. R. S.
Baker and wife, and Dona Refugio Bandini and her daughters, Mrs. Dr.
Winston and Mrs. Charles R. Johnson the particulars of the first American
flag ever made on the Pacific coast. Mr. Dane wrote out the story and it
was published in The Home Guardian magazine of Boston, for April, 1883.
And from its pages, 154 to 157, (Vol XLV, No. 4,) I make the following
extracts :t

" Cut off" from all other sources of supplies, the Commodore despatched
a vessel down to Todos Santos Bay, [now called Ensenada] opposite the
San Guadalupe rancho, with 200 men under command of Major Hensly,
with orders to land and proceed to Guadahipe, and there obtain the neces-
sary supplies of Don Juan Bandini. When the vessel arrived at Todos San-
tos Bay, Don Juan was there, secreted among the rocks, awaiting them.
With Major Hensly and his men Don Juan returned to his rancho, where he
gave to him 500 cattle, 200 horses, and eight carretas, or long, narrow carts,
usually drawn by four, six, or eight yokes of oxen each.

"As the Mexican forces were hovering about Bandini's ranches, es-
peciall}^ about the San Guadalupe, in great numbers, and realizing that he
and his family would no longer be safe in their vicinit}^ Don Juan, with all
his family, left the rancho with Major Hensly and started overland for San
Diego, where he had a very large house — a kind of Spanish palace.;}:

" In due time the party arrived at I^a Punta, fifteen miles below San
Diego, where they went into camp for the last night. In the morning
Major Hensly, wishing for a flag to head his column, to his chagrin and dis-
gust discovered that none had been brought with them from the vessel.

*He had previously owned the Jurupa ranch [Riverside] and the Rincon de Santa Ana'ranch in the
San Gabriel district.

fin the Centennial History of Los Angeles Co., pp. 32-33, Col. J. J. Warner gives some account of this
Bandini flag incident ; but there is no other accoxuit of it so full and authentic as this one by Mr. Dane.

I" Our adminislrador, Don Juan Bandini's mansion, then in an unfinished state, bade fair when
completed to surpass any other in the country." — "/.;'/;' in California.^' f>. iS, March, 1S29. Bv Alfred
Robinson, who is still living (18941, and now a banker in San Francisco, although blind.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 89

This placed him in a very unpleasant condition, for to enter the town with
no colors flying, would seem to denote that he dared to carry none ; and a
still more distressing consideration was that Commodore Stockton, upon see-
ing a heav}' column entering the town with such an array, and displaying
no flag, might very naturallj' take them as a band of the enemy, and open
his broadsides on them.

"In his distress. Major Hensly made known his mortifying condition
to Don Juan, and very naturally that gentleman communicated the fact to
his devoted wife. And now occurred a wonderful display of woman's wit,
and but for the attending circumstances, it might also be denominated
humor. Approaching the crest-fallen Major, the smiling lady said :

" 'Why, Major, I will furnish you with a flag.'

' ' ' You will furnish me with a flag ? Pray tell me how ! ' replied the
surprised ofiicer.

"'Oh, leave that to me,' rejoined the lady. 'When the column is
ready to move there shall be a United States flag at its head, to guide and
herald our entree to San Diego, mj^ hoine by the sea.'

" Dona Refugio immediately called to her side her three children, Do-
lorosa, aged ten, who was dressed in red satin; little Margarite, aged eight,
clad in spotless white ; and tiny Juan de la Cruz, seven years of age, who
wore a suit of navy blue. The three suits were exchanged for others ; and
while the stock was feeding and breakfast being served, the garments from
her little ones were cut into stripes and stars, and by the mother's cunning
fingers formed into as perfect a star-spangled banner as ever was kissed by
the breath of heaven sweeping in from the broad Pacific ; and when Major
Hensly was ready to take up his line of march. Dona Refugio presented to
him the first starry flag that ever floated over lower California, or the city
of San Diego, and with it at the head of the column, they marched proudly
and safely into the town, while the vessels at anchor roared their hearty
salutes of welcome.

' ' That same evening the bands of the frigates Congress and Savannah
came on shore and gave the beautiful Dona Refugio a grand serenade in
honor of her kind devotion to the glorious flag ; and the following evening
Commodore Stockton, attended by his officers, waited upon the fair Dona to
tender his thanks in person for her marked attention to his command. And
when the gallant Commodore was presented to Dona Refugio, he took her
right hand into both of his, saying with deep emotion : 'And this is the
hand that made that flag. In the name of my country and my government,
I say to you, madam, that whatever the owner of this hand shall ever ask
of them shall promptly be granted. I shall take that flag to Washington,
and tell my Government that it was the first American flag to wave over
California and was made by a native lady.'

" When the war was over, and peace between Mexico and the United
States restored, Don Juan Bandini found himself deprived of his five ranchos
in lyower California, because he was listed as a traitor to Mexico. And to-
day his widow and children are deprived of them because of the kindness
of himself and family to our officers.

" During all that war, and long after, the house of Don Juan, in San
Diego was a constant hotel and hospital for our naval and military officers,
where his beautiful wife and lovely daughters* served and ministered unto

*" The ladies were mostly quite haudsome, particularly those of the families of our friends. Ban-
dini and Carrillo. The daughters of the former were, though very j'oung, yet very beautiful " — Life in
Cali/orni, p. 20, by A. Robinson, March, 1829.

90 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

them more as mothers and sisters than as strangers. Of this many
officers bear witness.

"To that house Gen. S. W. Kearny was taken from the battle-field
when struck down, and he found in Dona Refugio the kindest and most
attentive nurse. Within that home Generals Sherman, Sheridan, Grant,
Hancock, Stevenson, Stoneman, Magruder, Johnston, Lee, Stuart, and many
others who subsequently wrote their names high on the pillar of fame, ever
found a warm-hearted welcome and free-hearted hospitality.

" Years have passed ; and now Dona Refugio in her old age finds her-
self dependent upon her relatives, and simply because of the self-sacrificing
devotion of herself and husband to the American flag.* The fingers
that made the first flag in the growing dawn of that far-off day have lost
their cunning, but the noble heart that inspired the act has lost none of its
love for the starry banner. As Dona Refugio and her two daughters. Do-
lorosa and Margarite, both mothers now, related to me the incidents of
those days, the eyes that had so often greeted with sparkling smiles the
great chieftains, when they were young officers winning for us the Golden
Land, filled with blinding tears, and the lips that had so often cheered them
on to heroic deeds, quivered with pain and sorrow as they spoke of the neg-
lected vow, and the matron's dependency in her old age. [1882-83.]

"When the Walker filibustering expedition passed through California
on their way to Central America,! they robbed the store of Don Juan
Bandini, literally clearing it oiit of $60,000 worth of property, leav-
ing him and his family penniless. After the death of her noble husband,
remembering the solemn vow of Commodore Stockton to her. Dona Refugio
prayed the United States Government to recompense her, at least, in part for
her loss sustained at the hands of American citizens ; but to that prayer no
reply has ever been made."']:

This is the story of the flag, as gathered from three of the women
themselves, besides other members of the family, by Mr. Dane. And from
various sources I learn that Commodore Stockton deposited that flag among
the historic relics of the Navy Department, and it is preserved there yet.
He did what he could to have Bandini reimbursed, as did also Col. Fremont,
and his father-in-law, Senator Benton of Missouri ; and at a later period Gen.
Beale, and also Gen. Sherman tried to have justice done in the matter. The
claim was lumped in with many others, and has been several times before
Congress, with favorable recommendation ; and yet the family say to this
day [1894] even the cattle and horses which Bandini furnished to Commo-

*Wheii Bandini was in the Mexican Cong:ress he opposed the State-church party and supported the
final and niaudatory act to secularize the Missions, which was passed August 17, 1S33. This act was
simply to separate church and state, and establish religious freedom, the same as in the United States —
a contest which had been going on hotly in Mexico tor ten years. He steadily and faithfully favored the
United States, as against the Slate-church party of Mexico, and against any scheme for turning Calilor-
nia over to England. I take pains to mention these matters here, because he was "black listed" by the
State-church party as a traitor to Mexico, and his large estates thus confiscated ; and because of this par-
tizan record against him in Mexico, many superficial or careless American writers have done him gross
injustice. And even in Pasadena a street that was first named Bandini avenue in honor of this worthy
man and wife as true-hearted and original Spanish-Americans, was perversely changed to Michigan
avenue. Such a historic disgrace ought not any longer to stand against Pasadena's fair name.

fMr. Dane was mistaken here. Walker had taken Lower California ; and then with some recruits
from San Francisco in March, 1H54, he set out to march around the head of the ,gu!f of California into
Sonora and capture that province al.so, and this was the time his men looted Bandiui's st(jre. His Cen-
tral America expedition was later — 1''^56-57. Sef Cvclo/iedhi Americana, Article ^' IValker , ll'm."

JThe roljbing ol the store might be grounds for a claim against the local authorities of county or
state, but could not be against the United States.

DIVISION ONK — PRE-PASADKNIAN. 9I

dore Stockton at this time, and to Fremont in July previous, and without
which they could not have reached Los Angeles at all, have never been
paid for.*

Wm. Heath Davis, who was an intimate friend of the Arguello and
Bandini families, in his book, "Sixty Years in California," p. 438, says:

" Don Santiaguito Arguello furnished large quantities of army supplies
to Stockton from his extensive rancho eleven or twelve miles from San Diego
— several hundred head of cattle and horses, and for which he had a claim
against the government amounting to $14,000. The claim was sent to
Washington by Major Lee, commissary-general for the Pacific coast. Stock-
ton's attention being called to it [he was then U. S. Senator from New
Jersey] he exerted himself effectually in its settlement, and in a few months
Arguello received his money."

The ranch referred to by Davis was that of Tia Juana, which had been
granted to Arguello's father in 1829.

Of this Bandini family, Don Juan died at Los Angeles, November 2,
1859. Dona Refugio died there June 28, 1891. The little Dolorosa whose
dress furnished the red for that historic flag, is now [1894] Mrs. Charles
Robinson Johnson of 433 South Main street, Los Angeles ; little Margarite
whose dress furnished the white for that flag, is now Mrs. Dr. James B.
Winston (widow) of Los Angeles ; and little Juan de la Cruz, whose 7-year
old boy suit furnished the blue for the flag, is now engaged in the cattle
trade between the United States and Mexico. Mrs. Col. R. S. Baker, (wid-
ow) of Los Angeles, was an older sister, and not with the family on that
occasion ; and Arturo, so well known in Pasadena, was a younger brother,
not born until 1853. t Three of the Bandini girls married American hus-
bands ; and one of the boys, Arturo, married an American wife.

BATTLES OP SAN GABRIEL FORD, AND "THE MESA."

On December 29, 1846, Commodore Stockton marched out from San
Diego with an army numbering in all 607 men, six cannon, 87 mounted
riflemen, ten ox carts to carry the baggage, and a band of beef cattle from
Bandini for army rations. Among Stockton's officers were Capt. Santiago
E. Arguello and Lieut. Luis Arguello, brothers of Dona Refugio Bandini
who made the famous flag, and therefore uncles to our Pasadena Bandini
family. Kit Carson, though not an officer, had charge of a squad of
mounted riflemen who served as scouts and skirmishers. [For full list of

*August 31, 1852, Congress finally authorized the appointment of three armj' officers as a board ot
commissioners, to examine and report on the California war claims; and their final report was made
April 19. 18s5. In this I find that Arguello, [Bandini's brother-iu-law,] made, claim for f2i,68.S, and was
allowed J6,Soo. The total of these California claims before the commission was fgSy.iSs; and $28,570
more were filed after April 19, making over a million in all. The commission allowed a total of 1157,365
ot these claims, and Congress provided for their payment. A total of $157,317 were rejected ; and the
rest were suspended, to wait further evidence. One claim of $10,000 was cut down 200 per cent., and just
$50 was allowed the man. — See Bancroft, //^zj/. Cal., Vol. s, P- l^J'l-

tMr. Arturo Bandini has now [1894] a silver cup presented to his father, and bearing the following
inscription : " To Don Juan Bandini, from Captains H. Day, S. Casey, H. W. Wessels, H. S. Burton, and
G. C. Westcott, r S. Army, as a token of friendship and high esteem." These were officers with Com-
modore Stockton. They procured the cup and had their names engraved upon it in Washington, and
then shipped it around Cape Horn to Don Juan, in 1850.

92 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

officers and troops, see Bancroft, Hist. Cal., Vo/.s, A 385-86.] The main
public road leading to Los Angeles was followed. The niarch was slow, at
ox-cart pace only ; and although they met with no armed resistance until
they reached the San Gabriel river, it was not till January 8, 1847, — ten
days — when they arrived there. And now they were confronted b}^ the
Mexican army under Gen. Jose Maria Flores,* another of the honorable
Spanish Dons whom Lieut. Gillespie had rashly imprisoned because of a
drunken mob with which Flores had no more to do than father Adam.
Gov. Pio Pico and Gen. Castro had fled the country rather than surrender
or be captured when Stockton and Fremont took possession of Los Angeles
in August, 1846. Gillespie's wrongful imprisonments occurred on September
17. The men he arrested bad been put on parole of honor by Commodore
Stockton ; and the Lewis History says : ' ' The Californians arrested were
furious at their seizure, and at the attempt to hold them responsible for the
acts of a few drunken vagabonds ; and as Gillespie had violated the promise
made them of personal liberty when they gave their parole, they declared
they would be no longer bound by it." This was the view of the matter
taken by the intelligent and cultivated portion of the Spanish citizens ;
and on October 26, 1846, the remaining members of their former legislature
assembled in special session and elected Gen. Flores to be Governor ad
interim and commander-in-chief. Stockton knew nothing of these reason-
able views of the Spanish-Mexican citizens. He only knew of Gillespie's
expulsion from Los Angeles ; of Mervine's severe defeat at Dominguez
ranch ; of his own discomfiture by Carrillo's shrewd and successful strategic
display of imaginary troops at San Pedro ; of Kearny's disastrous battle
at San Pasqual. He was here to conquer and take possession of the
country, and was attending strictly to business. The foregoing digression
was necessary, as a clue for the reader in understanding some later events.

On his march, January 4, Stockton was met by three commissioners —
Wm. Workman representing the American settlers ; Charles Flugge repre-
senting the foreigners ; and Domingo Olivasf representing the Spanish or
Mexican citizens — asking terms of conciliation. But he was smarting im-
der the defeats above mentioned, was in no mood to conciliate anything, and
would hear to nothing but unconditional surrender — asserting at the same
time that Flores and others who had violated their parole would be shot il
captured.

Stockton's army reached the San Gabriel river on January 8, and at-

*"They are formed between the American army and the Rio San Gabriel, apparently waiting to give
battle, and are estimated at 1,000 to 1,200 — almost wholly cavalry."' — Report oj Commodore Stockton's
Scouts am! Spy, on m'g/it of January y.

Cue of Stockton's officers wrote: "The enemy had fortified themselves to the number of five
hundred men, with four pieces of artillery," etc. This was a mistake, for the Mexicans had only two
small cannon, while Stockton had six cannon and plenty of good ammunition. The same writer
speaking of the battle of the Mesa the next day, says; "They made a bold and resolute stand; tried
our lines on every side ; and manceuvered their artillery with much skill."

jThis was the grandfather of Jose D. Olivas, who resides on Cypress avenue in Pasadena.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN.

93

tempted to cross it at the ford ou the old stage road leading out by Aliso
street from lyos Angeles. But here he was attacked by troops under Gen.
Flores, Gen. Andres Pico, Capt. Carrillo, and lyieut.-Col. Manuel Garfias —
all of whom the American commander had foredoomed to be shot if cap-
tured. The Mexicans had two small brass cannon, one of which is known
in history as the "Woman's gun ; "* it bore a part in six battles of the Mex-
ican war, and is still preserved in Washington as a relic, marked "Trophy
53, No. 63, Class 7." Their other cannon was the mountain howitzer which
Pico had captured from Gen. Kearny at San Pasqual. A battle ensued in the
afternoon which lasted about two hours and resulted in the Americans
crossing the stream and driving the Mexicans from their position. f

Dr. John S. Griffin [still living, July, 1S95, on Downey avenue. East
lyos Angeles,] was chief Medical officer. American loss, two men killed and
eight wounded. The I,os Angeles County History says: "The chief reas-
on that the loss of life was so small appears to have been the poor quality of

the Mexican home-made gunpowder."
It was made at vSan Gabriel in an old
adobe guard house that stood where
Mr. Silverstein's store is now [1895],
and was a very inferior article. The
Spanish writers never mentioned but
three killed and two severely wounded
on their side ; but Stockton reported
their loss as between seventy and
eighty, besides many horses. Of
course he could only guess at it. One
of the three Spaniards killed was
Francisco Rubio, a brother to the
mother of Jesus Rubio, after whom
our Rubio canyon was named. The
Mexican troops in this battle have
been variously estimated from 350 to
500 men. [Some exaggerate it up to
1200.] They withdrew up the Los
Angeles road to Aliso canyon and took
position again. The Americans did
not pursue, but camped for the night

^

Dr. JOHN S. GRIFFIN — 1895

*'rhiswasa brass camion which had long been kept at the old church near the plaza in Los An-
geles for use on certain festival days. When Stockton and Fremont took the city, in August, JS46. this
gun was hidden by the Mexicans in a patch of canes growing in the garden of Dona Clara Cota de Reyes
Then when Stockton learned where the four old iron cannon had been buried and sent Lieut. Gillespie
to dig them up, Mrs Reyes and her daughter dragged the brass cannon out from the canes, and buried
it themselves, to keep the Americans from finding it ; and thus it got its historic name of the "Woman's
gun."

t" Half way across, Kearny sent a message to Stockton that it would be impossible to cross on ac-
count of the quicksands ; but Stockton jumped off his horse and seized the ropes, .saying. " Quicksands
be damned.! " Kearny suppressed his anger ; and the two nine-pounders, drawn by officers and men as
well as by mules, soon reached the opposite bank, where they were immediately placed in battery.' —
Lewis' Hisl. Los A. Co., p. 76.

94 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

on the battle ground. If a passenger on the Santa Fe railroad going from
Los Angeles toward Orange and San Diego, will look out of the car window
on the north side as the train approaches and crosses the San Gabriel river,
he will be gazing on the ground where this battle of January 8 was fought.

BATTLE OF THE MESA, OR " LAGUNA RANCH."
The next morning, January 9, Stockton learned where the Mexican
army had taken position, and then he moved by the left flank away from
the main road and out across the open plain toward the city, on what is
now known as the Laguna ranch, owned by Mrs. Col. R. S. Baker, a
daughter of Don Juan Bandini. But at the time of the battle it was owned
by Don Felipe Lugo. Here Gen.- Flores again opposed his advance ;
and another battle was fought, resulting in defeat for the Mexicans
and their retreat to Rancho San Pasqual [Pasadena]. Wm Heath Davis in
his " Sixty Years in California," says: " Twenty-five or thirty of the Cali-
fornians were killed and a great many wounded ; while Stockton's loss did
not exceed ten killed, with a few wounded." In this I understand Davis
to include the battles of both days. Again he says :

"Forcing their horses forward, in approaching Stockton's line, every
horseman in their ranks threw himself over to one side, bending far down,
so that no part of his body, except one leg, appeared above the saddle.
When the columns met and the horseman was required to use the lance or
do other effective service, he remained but a few seconds in the saddle, and
in the retreat he threw himself over along the side of the horse, and rode
rapidly in that position, guiding the steed skillfully at the same time. By
these tactics the cavalry of the enemy avoided presenting themselves as con-
spicuous marks for the American riflemen."

Lieutenant Joseph W. Revere* of the troop-ship Congress, was in this
battle ; and in 1873 a book of his entitled " Keel and Saddle " was publshed
by James R. Osgood & Co., of Boston. In his chapter 18 he describes the
battle, and I quote from page 145 to 147 his graphic account of the oppos-
ing forces and the action :

"Commodore Stockton, having completed his preparations, set forth
towards the Pueblo at the head of four hundred seamen, .sixty dismounted
dragoons of Kearny's escort, fifty California volunteers, and a light battery.
He first encountered the enemy — about five hundred cavalry, with artillery
—at the ford of the river San Gabriel, not far from the Angelic capital, on
the Sth of January, and celebrated the day by a spirited little fight. Having
forced the passage of the San Gabriel, our little column debouched upon
the " Mesa," a table-land some four leagues in extent, through which runs
the road from San Diego to the Pueblo de Los Angeles. As we came in
sight of its white walls in the afternoon [January 9,] we saw a long proces-
sion of horsemen issuing from the town, and directing their march towards
us. It .<5oon became evident they meant to oppose our progress ; and our
jolly tars were in high spirits as they formed in square, the artillery at the

*Crandsoii of Paul Revere, the famous Boston hero who helped to throw the British tea into Boston
harbor, and who:u Longfellow has immortalized in his poem of '• Paul Revere's Ride."

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIx\N. 95

angles, to receive them. The ground was a perfectly level, treeless plain,
and thus admirably fitted for the evolutions of both infantry and cavalry.
The enemy's cavaliers were about two thousand strong [?] principally
rancheros, and the best horsemen probably in the world. [Stockton esti-
mated them at 1,000 to 1,200; but the Mexicans say they never had more
than 400 to 500 men, though their extra horses, amounting to something
over 100, made the troop look larger. — Ed.]* They were dressed in the
Mexican costume, in gay scrapes of all colors, and divided into bands, or
squadrons, each of which had some kind of music, — trumpets, bugles, and
even guitars and fiddles. They were armed with the escopeta (a clumsy
carbine,) a few with pistols and rifles, and some with sabres, and machetes ;
but by far the larger part had only a short lance, with a long blade, that
could be used with one hand. Many flags streamed over the column ; some
troopers having gaily colored handkerchiefs fixed to their lances, which,
fluttering in the breeze, gave a festal aspect to the concourse. Confidently
approaching our little force, they sent their led horses to the rear under
charge of their vaqueros, and began their dispositions for an assured vic-
tory, forming in two columns with a squadron front, opposed to two faces
of our square.

" Meanwhile, our men stood firm, as it had been thought best to with-
hold our fire until the charge was made. Orders were issued to wait until
the enemy came within pistol-shot ; but our sailors, seeing a tumultuous,
noisy crowd of men and horses rushing upon them with cries and waving
flags, opened fire at half-musket range rather prematurely. Our cartridges,
being an ounce ball and three buck-shot, proved very destructive. Men and
horses tumbled over in considerable numbers, and the six-pound field-guns
completed their discomfiture. They retired, however, in tolerable order,
carrying off the wounded — those who had lost their horses hanging by the
stirrups of the more fortunate — and again formed for another charge. Three
times they essayed to shake our square ; but, being steadily met with the
same withering fire, they at last desisted, and rode off towards the moun-
tains, leaving open to us the road to their capital, which we entered on the
same evening. The force which attacked us on this occasion consisted of
native Californians, superior to Mexicans in physical power and military
spirit, and far better horsemen ; while all the conditions of the action were
favorable for cavalry in attacking infantry. These men were not only finely
mounted on well-trained horses, but had also remounts on the field. Yet
not one of them got within twenty yards of our square, in the face of that
steady rolling file-firing ; nor was a single bayonet or lance on either side
reddened with the blood of horse or man. It was a fair test of the respec-
tive merits of fiery and chivalrous cavalry opposed to steady and disciplined
infantry ; and the former was, as the sportsmen say, "nowhere."

" Their leader, Flores, attacked our sailor battalion in preference to the
volunteer force of Fremont, which had the prestige of long frontier experi-
ence that had habituated them to Indian warfare, and made them unerring
marksmen. I think he committed a serious blunder ; and that had he en-
gaged Fremont's force — which had no knowledge of infantry drill, or dis-
cipline, and no bayonets — he must have been successful. This affair ended

*In a private letter to Fremont, dated Jan. 10th, the very next day after the battle. Gen. Kearny
wrote ; " Their force does not exceed four hundred — perhaps not more than three hundred." And again
on the 12th he wrote: "We met and defeated the whole force of the Californians on the 8th and gth.
They have not now to exceed 300 men concentrated." — Bigelow's '' Lije of Fremont,^' p. 265.

96 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

the struggle for the possession of Upper California, and our squadron sailed
soon after for the coast of Mexico, where a part of it was emploj^ed in
blockading Mazatlan and San Bias, while my ship [sloop Cyafie] was sent
with the frigate Congress to Guaymas. ' '

In regard to Flores' attacking the "sailor battalion " in preference to
Fremont's troops. Revere was greatly mistaken ; for the Mexican army had
waited at Cahuenga and San Fernando Old Mission to intercept Fremont
and give him battle there, till they heard on January 7 that Stockton was
advancing from San Diego.* Then they moved hastily down the Monterey
road across Rancho San Pasqual to the San Gabriel river, and Garfias sup-
plied his company with extra horses as they passed through his ranch ; and
some food supplies for the army were obtained at San Gabriel while passing
through that village. A woman who has resided in Pasadena for nine or
ten years past, and known as "Old Francesca," galloped about the country
on horseback gathering provisions for the Mexican troops, although she
was then 53 years of age, having been born at lyos Nietos in November or
December, 1794.! (I visited her September 23, 1894, [also three other
times,] and her grandsons, Frank lyUgo and Jose lyUgo, Jr., acted as inter-
preters for me.) When Col. Fremont marched into Los Angeles after the
capitulation of Cahuenga, he took Gov. Pico's house for his quarters. This
Pasadena woman, Francesca de Luga, was then occupying the house to
take care of it : and she delivered its keys to Fremont.;];

The battle of the Mesa (Laguna ranch) closed about 4 o'clock p. m.,
when the Mexicans " rode off toward the mountains," as Revere puts it.
They had made three brave but unsuccessful charges upon the American
artillery, it being supported by a hollow square of well-armed, well-drilled
and well-ofhcered marines. The California Spaniards showed as much dash
and bravery and skill in manoeuvering and charging as the Americans ever
did ; but the advantage of good powder, good firearms, good training and
actual fighting numbers, was all against them ; and the fact that they main-
tained this unequal contest for two days, or that they engaged in it at all,
showed a degree of patriotic devotion in fighting for their own flag and

*B. D. Wilson used to tell with much humor, au incideut of tliis time. He aud other Americans
were held as prisoners of war. and Don Andres Pico, the (".eneral. had always been very kind to them,
so that they really felt a friendly concern for his safelj-. When he was starling out with the expectation
of meeting Col. Fremont in battle, Mr. Wilson, Wm. Workman, and others, told him of their feeling
toward him — told him that Fremont's men were all expert riflemen, and they feared if Don Andrese.x-
posed himself on the field he would be shot. The General naively replied ; "Don't he anxious about
me, gentlemen. I would rather have history record where Don Andres lan than where Don Andres
fell." This I have from Hon. J. De Barth Shorb.

tThe lyos Nietos [or Santa Gertrudis] ranch was granted to Manuel Nieto by Gov. Fages in 1784 —
the first land grant ever made in I,os Angeles county

I" I lived alone, after a short time, in the ancient capital of the governors general of Los Angeles,
without guards or military protection ; the cavalry having been sent off nine miles to the Mi.ssion San
Gabriel. I lived in the midst of the people in their ancient capital, administering the government as a
governor lives in the capital of any of our states." — Exh act from FtcmoiiVs anS7uer to "Specification 7,"
in General Kearny's disgraceful conspiracy to ruin Fremont through a preprejudiced court martial at
Washington, in 1847-4S. This Kearny gained military prestige by falsifying records within his control,
and claiming achievements which were none of his. He died at .St. Louis, Oct. 31, 1S4S. Gen. Phil. Kearny,
who won honorable distinction in the war of the rebellioti, and after whom "Phil Kearny Camp S. of V."
in Pasadena was named, was a very different sort of man.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN.

97

country which nearly all American writers have unjustly ignored. After
the battle they retreated to Rancho San Pasqual, making their camp on the
south slope of what is now Raymond hill ; this hill was then 34 feet higher
than at present, and had a stream of water, and Jose Perez's old adobe
house [still standing, 1895,] and a fine oak grove on its south slope, extend-
ing down to and beyond the Monterey road. Sentinel horsemen were kept
posted on the peak of that hill', and also on the hills below South Pasadena,
to watch for an expected pursuit by the American cavalry.* But Stockton
paid no further attention to the Mexican army ; it was Los Angeles city he
was after, and there he went, marching in with flags flying and bands play-
ing, and took formal possession again on the morning of January 10.

On September 6, 1894, Dona Luisa Garfias, who now resides at San
Diego, visited Arturo Bandini's family. It was the first time she had been

on the old ranch since it was sold
from her, about thirty years ago ;
and as soon as she came in sight of
it, on the cars at South Pasadena,
her feelings overcame her and she
wept until she reached Bandini's
house. In course of conversation
she told Mrs. Bandini how she re-
membered seeing the Mexican horse-
men on top of Raymond hill, and
on the South Pasadena hills, watch-
ing for the American cavalry to
pursue them, after the battles of
January 8, and 9, 1847. She was
then at the house of her mother's
major domo, Camacho, near the
Garfias spring.

Commodore Stockton took and
used as his headquarters the adobe
DONA ENCARNAcioN SEPULVEDA DE ABiLA house whicli is Still Standing, Nos.

14, 16, 18, Olvera street, north of the plaza. It was the city home of

*"The insurgent force under Flores, failing to make any impression upon the Americans in an at-
tack upon the marching column on the gth, was moved to San Pasqual, some five or six [8] miles north-
east of Los Angeles. * * On the night of the i ith, about midnight, Don Jose Jesus Pico came
into the camp of the Californians, at San Pasqual, and gave them the information that Col. Fremont
had reached San Fernando. * * After having met Col. Fremont at San Fernando, Messrs. Rico
and Dela Guerra returned to San Pasqual early in the morning of the 12th. [About noon.] Immediately
after their return to camp, Don Jose Antonio Carrillo and Don Augustin Olvera were appointed and
commissioned by General Pico, to meet and negotiate terms ol capitulation with commissioners to be
appointed by Col. Fremont. Gen. Pico immediately broke up his camp at San Pa.squal, and with his
entire command accompanied his commissioners to Providencia."— [Co/, y. y. IVarner, lu Cen/ennml
Hiitoryof Los Angeles County, p. 16.

Providencia was a southwest portion of the San Raf.iel or Venluco ranch, on the Monterey road,
where Flores and Pico had stationed a small force to watch and report Fremont's movements.

98 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Dona Encarncion Abila (Mrs. Garfias's mother,) who had fled with her
family to the home of the old Frenchman, Ivouis Vignes, for safety.

FRKMONT'S NEGOTIATIONS.

Colonel Fremont, after a stormy winter march of extraordinary hard-
ship down the mountainous coast from Monterey,* arrived at old Mission
San Fernando, on the evening of January ii.f With him was Don Jesus
Pico, [a cousin of Governor Pio Pico and Gen. Andres Pico] whose life
Fremont had saved after he was condemned by a court-martial to be shot for
violating his parole. Don Jesus immediately rode down to the Mexican
camp at Raymond hill, and reached it a little before midnight, having been
detained awhile at the picket camp on Verdugo ranch. He informed them
of Fremont's arrival and of his fighting strength, which made their cause
evidently hopeless ; and he urged them to seek terms of capitulation or sur-
render from Fremont. A council was at once called, of such leading men
as Gen. Flores, Andres Pico, Carrillo, Garfias, Olvera, La Guerra, Manuel
Castro, etc., and the surrender plan was agreed upon. Gen. Flores and
Lieut. Col., Garfias approved of it, though they would not themselves re-
main but would depart for Mexico, as they were commissioned officers in the
regular Mexican army. Flores had been elected Governor and commander-in-
chief of California by the Legislature in special session at Los Angeles in
the October previous ; and he now formally appointed Don Andres Pico to
the chief command. Gen. Pico then appointed Francisco de la Guerra and
Francisco Rico (two more of the Dons whom Gillespie had imprisoned) to
go with Don Jesus and see what terms, if any, Fremont would make. By
daylight they set off on this errand. And about the same time Flores and
Garfias, with forty or fifty men, started for Mexico by way of San Gabriel,
San Bernardino, San Gorgonio pass and Sonora. The two men who had
been sent as a preliminary committee to see Fremont returned about noon
with a favorable report. Fremont had ordered a suspension of hostilities
foi the day, and given the Mexicans permission to bring their wounded to
San Fernando Mission for care and treatment. Upon this. Gen. Pico ap-
pointed Captain J. A. Carrillo, who had defeated Mervine at the battle of
Dominguez ranch, and Hon. Agvjstin Olvera who was a member and sec-
retary of the last legislative session, to be commissioners representing the
people of California, and who would meet a similar commission to be ap-

*The start was made in the winter. The weather being very severe, manv hardships were suffered
by the troops on the march, and when they arrived at Santa Barbara many of them were in a very weak
condition. * * I told Col Fremont I could si'pplv them with flour, tea, coffee, sugar, and clothing.
* * Upon order of his quartermaster and commissarv, goods amounting to about |6,ooo were land-
ed for them from my vessel the next day."— K^m. Heath Davis, " Si-vly years in Califoi nia." pp. 7/5-/6.

" The passage was made with great difficulty. Both men and horses suffered exceedingly. Be-
tween 150 and 200 horses were lo.st. The men were obliged to pull the cannon over the roughest
places by hand."— //zV/W/'j A^?j/. Cal., yol. 2, p. 6oj. Our B. f" K. Kellogg was one of these men. This
was the same severe winter in which the terrible Donuer Lake disaster occurred.

tWhile Fremont was encamped in the willows just acro.ss the creek west of Ventura, after march-
ing down the beach road from Carpeuteria which is only passable at low tide, he was met bv a messen-
ger with despatches from Stockton; and this messenger, who had reached Fremont's camp through
hardship and peril was Dan Sexton. [See Article " Dan Sexton's Old Adobe Mill," in Chap. 3. J

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. 99

pointed by Col. Fremont. All these stirring, historic events occurred with-
in a few hours, in the Mexican camp within the borders of South Pasadena,
on the South slope of Raymond hill ; and now Gen. Pico moved his camp
about six miles over on the Verdugo [San Rafael] ranch.* along the old
Monterey road toward San Fernando Mission, which place was then his
own property! but occupied by Fremont's troops. In Fremont's Memoirs,
page 601, he says : " The next morning, [13th] accompanied only by Don
Jesus, I rode over to the camp of the Californians, and in a conference with
Don Andres the important features of a treaty of capitulation were agreed
upon."

The same day both armies marched to the old Cahuenga ranch house,
on the most direct road to lyos Angeles. | There the terms of surrender were
completed in form, and signed by the commissioners and commanders on
both sides. The Mexicans agreed to turn over all arms, equipments and
war materials in their possession, and to assist in restoring peace and order
among the people of California, under United States authority ; and on com-
plying with this, they were "guaranteed protection of life and property,
whether on parole or otherwise.'" Here was the vital point ; for Stockton had
doomed Flores, Carrillo, Pico, Garfias, and others to be shot, who had
violated their parole after Gillespie had, as they thought, violated the terms
on which they had given such parole, but which they had scrupulously ob-
served up to that time, Fremont's idea and mission had not been to "con-
quer " and subdue the Californians ; but to secure the territory to the United
States before England could take it under her protectorate control in accord-
ance with Rev. M'Namara's great Irish Catholic colonizing scheme — a pro-
ject which came within a few days of being consummated. The plan had
been favored by President Santa Ana and his council in Mexico ; and on July
7, 1846, the Departmental Assembly of California at L,os Angeles, under Gov.
Pio Pico, had formally granted to M'Namara one square league apiece for
8,000 Irish Catholic immigrant families, to be colonized in California^ — that
measure of land being equal to 13,500,000 acres. [Fremont's Memoirs, p. 553.]
M'Namara was then at Santa Barbara, fresh from Mexico ; and on the i6th

*The Mexicans had a small force encamped here before to watch Fremont's movements. And be-
cause of these two camps, ard because Gen. Pico was visited hy Gen. Fremont here, much confusion has
arisen, and manv erroneous statements have been published in regard to the whole matter of Fremont's
negotiations. Hence I have taken extra pains to identify localities and to trace the rapidly occurring
incidents in their chronological order. That sub-camp was near the old Verdugo ranch house, about
where the village of Glendale now stands.

fin December, 1S45, Andres Pico and Juan Manso had leased San Fernando old Mission and ranch
for $1,120 per year.

jGen. Pico's camp at Provideiicia [near Glendale] was only five or six miles from Cahuenga : but
Fremont's troops had to march sixteen or seventeen miles, as the road then ran by way of rancho f;i En-
cino to a ford and thence down the west bank of the Los Angeles river to Cahuenga pass.

<;Gov Pico and the Spanish consul both urged the assembly to make the grant. On July 6 it was
referred to Bandini and his brother-in-law Arguello as a committee. They put in 'stipulations"
which in practical working spoiled it alike for an ecclesiastical scheme, a speculation scheme, or a Brit-
ish government scheme, and then recommended its passage. And it was passed without noticing that
Bandini had sawed off its teeth so it couldn't feed itself or anybody else However, if the British had
succeeded in getting a protectorate foothold under that grant, they would have found a way to make it
stick.

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

of that month the British Admiral, Geo. F. Seymour sailed into Monterey
Bay for the purpose of hoisting the British flag and proclaiming a British
protectorate.* But the Americans had got ahead of him and had hoisted
their flag and taken possession on the 7th of the month. (For official docu-
ments, debates in congress, etc., on this matter, see Fremont's Memoirs,
Vol. I, pages 547 to 549, and on to 559). The initial and preparatory steps
which resulted in the country being thus taken before the British got hold
of it were distinctly those of Fremont. And here from Pasadena com-
menced the negotiations with him which secured to the Spaniards an honor-
orable treaty of peace instead of a galling submission to mere brute force,
when he thus wisely pacified the country by the terms given in the only
formal surrender of California that was ever made by any California officials
to any United States officer. It was the white hand of Destiny enforcing
the law of poetic justice, by awarding to Fremont this indefeasible seal to

■ Lund of Sunshine" Photo, Islir,
HOUSE TAKEN BY COMMODORE STOCKTON FOR HIS HEADQUARTERS, JAN. 10, 1847.

himself as the one central figure of the California conquest, but which in
later years narrow-minded, envious men most persistently sought to pluck
from his plume of honors all heroically and worthily won.f When other
men stood halting and haggling about precedents, he made a precedent by
going ahead and doing the thing which needed to be done, right now. Fre-
mont recognized that these Spanish soldiers had fought bravely, with patri-
otic devotion to their own flag, and should not be treated as outlaw mis-

*Rodmati Price, afterward governor of New Jersey, was purser of Commodore Sloat's squadron at
this time, and he wrote: "The l<',uglish admiral arrived a few days afterward, and the first thing he
said on meeting the commodore was, ' Sloat,if your ilag was not flying on shore, I should have hoisted
mine there.' "

tUeut. Walpole of the Knglish flag ship CoUingwood, who saw Fremont's troops at Monterey,
wrote about them, and among other things said : " They are allowed no liquor; tea and sugar only.
This uo doubt has much to do with their good conduct."— See "Early Days and Men of Cali/otnia," />.

DTVTSTON ONK — PRK-PASADKNTAN. lOI

creants. They appreciated this chivalric sentiment and courtesy on his
part, and became true and loyal citizens of the United States, many of them
afterward holding important offices under the new order of government.

In his report to the Navy Department at Washington, Commodore
Stockton wrote: "By the capitulation we have recovered the gun taken bj^
the insurgents at the sad defeat of Gen. Kearny at San Pasqual." The
other historic cannon called the "Woman's gun," was also delivered up to
Fremont at this time, and afterward used in three other battles of the United
States against Mexico to-wit : Mazatlan, Urios Palos Prietos, and San Jose
in Lower California. A document produced in evidence at the trial of Fre-
mont in Washington, in November, December, January, 1847-48, spoke of
Fremont arriving at Los Angeles January 13, 1847, "with 400 mounted
riflemen, and six pieces of artillery, including among the latter two pieces
lately in possession of the Californians.'' These were the only cannon the
Californians had for use in any of the battles, while Stockton had six and
Fremont four to use against them. These two cannon were with the Mexi-
cans in their camp at South Pasadena ; and in the ensuing month of March
Fremont's battalion was on duty at San Gabriel, occupied the old Mission
court as barracks, and had their six cannon, including these two, there.
[See Bigelow's Life of Fremont, pp. 311-12-13].

While Fremont served as Governor of California under Commodore
Stockton's appointment, he occupied Gov. Pio Pico's residence fronting the
plaza ; and in regard to this I have a letter from Mrs. Fremont dated Los
Angeles, November 14, 1894, in which she says :

"Don Abel Stearns had his lien on that Pico mansion used by Gen.
Fremont as headquarters. I wish you could identify and fix the place ; for
other houses in a then unbuilt part of the town, southwest, have been pho-
tographed and sold to tourists as the old ' headquarters ' — especially one on
Main street, a one-story adobe with a fine pepper tree, a kind of tree un-
known here forty years ago.* Gen. Fremont himself had trouble identify-
ing the old Pico house when he showed it to me in 1888. But it was then
converted into a great granary and its upper floor built out over what had
been a surrounding gallery. It was almost in line with the old church at
the plaza ; in line with his fort on the hill ; ' ' etc.

As Mrs. Fremont requested, I have learned positively from old Spanish
people who were here at the time, and also from Americans who have lived
here ever since 1847, just where Gov. Pico's residence was. It stood on the
south side of the Plaza, fronting north, and extended from Los Angeles
street west to Sanchez street, at rear of the old Pico hotel, now called "Na-
tional." The fire engine house there occupies part of the ground, the old
Pico adobe having been torn away. All that still remains of the old walls
occupied by Pico as the last Mexican governor, and by Col. Fremont as the

*The house referred to was away out at Thirteenth street, nearly two miles " out of town " at that
time — a house that Fremont probably never saw at all. I have seeu those pictures myself, with their
false label, and denounced it as a fraud.

I02

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

first American governor, is a few feet of adobe frontage occupied bj^ ^
Chinese store ; and adjoining this on the west is a board shanty occupied as
Chinese lodgings. [See plate.]

The "Fort," which was a mere earthwork, and after 1847 was gen-
erally called "Fremont's redout,"* was commenced by Gov. Micheltorena
in 1844 ; was occupied and improved a little by I,ieut. Gillespie in September,

1846 ; was occupied and further improved by Col. Fremont's troops in January'

1847 ; was enlarged and further strengthened by Col. Stevenson in 1847-48,
after Fremont had been taken east for court martial under Gen. Kearny's
infamous conspiracy.! Among the soldiers in Fremont's battalion in 1847

"Land of Sunshine" Photo, 1S95.

SITE OF COL. FREMONT'S HEADQUARTERS AS MILITARY GOVERNOR OF
CALIFORNIA, IN JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, 1847.

was B. F. E. Kellogg, father of Mrs. Byron O. Clark of Pasadena. Mr.
Kellogg and a brother had the contract and built the United States fort at
Fort Laramie, Nebraska, in 1844. Then in 1846 he came across the moun-
tains with ox teams to California, arriving in Napa county in November.
Fremont was then recruiting his battalion at Monterey for the march to Los
Angeles, and Mr. Kellogg immediately joined it. He was with them on
the march, and at San Fernando, and the capitulation of Cahuenga, and in
lyos Angeles, and at San Gabriel where they waited some weeks to be final-
ly di.scharged. Mr. Kellogg died at Anaheim December 16, 1890, but was
buried at Mountain View cemetery, Pasadena ; and his grave is one of those
that are annually decorated there on Memorial day.

*In December, I .SS3, I several times visited this old fort or redout, examining its barbettes, its
salient angles, rampart walls, sally ports, etc., some parts of which were then still traceable; but it has
all since been obliterated by street grading and other improvements.

f'Gne of the howitzer.i which Owens was ordered to give up had been captured from Kearney at
San Pasqual and given up to Fremont at Cahuenga.'' — His.1 . Cal., Vol . •;, />. ././6.

This order occurred at San (".abriel, while our B. K. Kellogg was therewith Kremonl's battalion
under Capt. Owens. Kearuy had always chafed under what had hav>pened with his howitzer, and hated
Fremont accordingly ; and this was one step in his plot to insult and aggravate F'remont into some tech-
nical insubordination. He refused to let Capt. Owens obey the sinister order, and that refusal was one
of the trumped-up charges against him for court martial.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN.

I02%

CORRECTION MAP.*- Historic points in January, 1847.

1. — Commodore Stockton's headquarters, January 10 to 14, 18-t7. [See page 100.]

2. — Stockton's troops encamped on the plaza.

3. — Col. Fremont's headquarters while Governor of California, in a two-story adobe house owned by Alexander

Bell, uncle to Maj. HoraceBell, editor of the Los Angeles " Porcupine."
4. — An old one-story adobe house owned by Pio Pico, whose son-in-law, Jose Moreno, lived there. House still
standing. Pico himself had lodgings and an office there in later years, and hence many supposed that
that was where he lived when he was governor. He had bought this place from the heirs of Don Juan
Marine^ who died in 1S39. [See page 71.]
5. — Residence of Pio Pico while he was Governor. Mrs. Pico still held and occupied this mansion in 1846-47,
while her husband was ab?ent in Mexico. Stephen Foster tried to rent her house for the government,
for use as army hospital, but she would not consent, fearing if she did it would be held as "surren-
dered," and BO taken from her: then he secured the building on Upper Main near Ord street, marked 9.
6.— Headquarters and barracks of Lieut. Gillespie, where the "battle of Los Angeles" was fought. September

23, 1846. [See p. 83.] The same buildings were occupied by Col. Fremont's troops, Jan'y and Feb'y, 1847.
7. — Adobe buildings occupied by Col. Stevenson's troops, 1847. This structure was afterward used as county

and city jail.
S. — Adobe building occupied by Quartermaster's department, 1847.

9. — Adobe building used as military hospital — now all torn away. [The figure 9 should be nearer to Ord St.]
10. — Residence of Jose Antonio Carrillo.

1 1. — Residence of Jose Sepulveda. The present Pico hotel stands on these two lots.
12. — Residence of Manuel Garfias. a Mexican Lieut. Col. in the battles of January 8, 9, 1847, and owner of Rancho

San Pascual. [Seepage 73, footnote.]
I'i. — B. D. Wilson's store ; the two old iron cannon were planted there in 1849, and are there yet. [See p. 84; 335.]
14. — Abel Stearns's corners, where were planted in 1849 the two old iron cannon which now lie at west front of

court house.
15. — Old church at the plaza, for which the original roof -timbers were gotten out by the Yankee " pirate prisoner,"
Joe Chapman in 1818-19. from Millard's and Grand canyon, within a mile down from the Alpine Tavern
on Alpine section of the Mt. Lowe Railway. [See pages 43 to 52, and page 385.)
16. — The " Fort," which was commenced by Gov. Micheltorena in 1844 ; used by Lieut. Gillespie in Septembert
1846 ; built in proper military form by Col. Fremont in January, 1847 ; further improved by Col. Steven-
son the same year. Now entirely obliterated.

I prepared the above diagram from information furnished me at different times by the following old-time
Californians, who are still living : Hon. Stephen C. Foster, aged 74; Francisco Garcia, 114 on May 1, 1895;
G. W. Robinson, 86 ; Elijah Moulton, 74 ; Thedore Rimpau, 69 ; Jose Perez, 63 : Pio Zabaleta, 62 ; Judge B. S.
Eaton, 72 ; Dr. John S. Griffin, 79 ; besides printed records, and my own examination of " Fremont's Redout"
in December, 1883.

For six weeks before this chapter IV was printed I had been trying to find Hon.
Stephen C. Foster, to obtain his verdict on some matters which I had written here,
upon information received from four old Spanish and two old American residents. Mr.
Foster had served as government interpreter at Los Angeles in 1847, and all its business
with Spanish people was done through him ; then in 1848-49 he was the **alcalde'* or
mayor and civil judge of Los Angeles ; and on these old historic matters he is the best
posted man living. My letters to him at Downey failed ; and many inquiries for him
at the court house, and at the City Clerk*s oflBce, and at the City Library failed, until
after the matter as then written had to go to press. But three days afterward I found
him, and learned that my previous informants were in error on several points ; and I

* The cut on page 102 was made for the "Land of Sunshine," but was first printed in my pages.
Then X discovered its error before they were ready to print it, and hence prepared and furnished them
-Vbis Correction Map instead. See "Land of Sunshine" for October, 1S95; page 222.

I02

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

stop the reader right here, to make correction. I have since also seen old Senor Fran-
cisco Garcia, who was with Gov. Micheltorena in the battle of Caheunga in 1845, and
Elijah Moulton who was with Col. Fremont on his wintry march down the coast, and
into Los Angeles, January 13, 1847. And from the new and authentic information thus
obtained I have prepared the above correction map of the chief historic points in
Los Angeles in 1847:

The popular story that Fremont as first American governor occupied the same
house that Pico lived in, as the last Mexican governor, is entirely a fiction. Neither
Fremont nor his troops occupied any house owned by Don Pio Pico, although Mrs.
Fremont herself thought he did. [See her letter on page loi.] Hence, old Francesca's
story about " delivering the keys of Pico's house to Col. Fremont," as I have it on
pages 96 and 103, is a fiction. Neither Foster, Garcia or Moulton had ever heard of it.
They say she then lived at San Gabriel, not at Los Angeles. [She may have passed the
keys of some house at San Gabriel to some officer of Fremo7iVs battallion while they
were stationed at the Mission, and the incident been misreported and magnified ; for I
talked with old people there who thought it was true. And " one of Fremont's officers"
could easily grow into "Fremont himself."] The building on which Abel Stearns had
a mortgage, as mentioned by Mrs. Fremont [page loi], was the one called the " gov-
ernment building" occupied as barracks by Lieutenant Gillespie in 1846, and by Fre-
mont's battallion in January, 1847 ; but it never belonged to Pico.

My statement on pages 93, loi, and footnote to 335, that the Mexicans had only two
cannon, is an error. Mr. Foster showed me Maj. Emory's ofiicial report, with a military
map or diagram of the two days battlefields, made at the time, giving relative positions
and movements of the opposing armies at different stages of the contest ; and it seems
that the Mexicans had two "common, short, heavy cast iron guns," as B. D. Wilson
says, besides the two brass ones. Foster says that after the battle of Dominguez they
managed in some way to get two iron cannon, but he could never find out j ust how or where.
They were the very old style of guns called carronades, one or more of which were almost
always carried on merchant ships. When Gen. Andres Pico marched from Rancho San
Pasqual to Providencia, after deciding on surrender to Fremont, the iron guns were too
heavy to haul along, so he hid them in the Arroyo Seco, somewhere near the Garvanza
ford at the old Monterey road crossing. These were the guns which Gen. Pico told
Commodore Stockton about, as mentioned by B. D. Wilson [page 335] ; and Wilson
evidently, when he wrote, had them in his mind as the same ones which he got from the
surf at San Pedro and planted at his store on Commercial street. This mistake of
Wilson's misled me as to the Mexicans having any others but the two brass guns.
Foster says these Arroyo Seco guns were brought into Los Angeles, and fired on holidays
year after year until Fourth-of-July, i860, when one of them burst into three pieces
while being fired by a man named Moore (nobody hurt). The other one he had lost
track of, but thinks it was burst also.

Jose Perez died in 1S40, and Stephen Foster married his widow in August, 1848.
[See pages 71-72.] She is still living, September, 1895, at their home place near
Downey ; aged 79.

My footnote on page 83 is wrong. Foster says it was Diego Sepulveda, a nephew of
Enrique, who was with Del Carmen Lugo at the battle of Chino. Enrique Sepulveda
died at Monterey in 1844.

■■ LiiiKl of Slln^,lliIle,■■ Oct . l.SM.
ONE OF THE HISTORIC OLD CANNON, AT WEST FRONT OF THE COURT HOUSE.

DIVISION ONE — PRE-PASADENIAN. IO3

And now, to recapitulate : Pasadena has the following living links of
direct connection with persons who took part in the struggle within easy
cannon sound of our streets, which resulted in making California an Eng-
lish-speaking American state, instead of a Spanish-speaking Mexican pro-
vince :

ArTuro Bandini : His father and mother, his maternal grandfather
and two uncles all bore some goodly part on the American side, as fully
narrated in preceding pages.

Hon. B. D. Wilson: See article, "Battle of Chino." Mrs. Wilson
and her daughters, Mrs. Ruth W. Patton and Miss Annie Wilson, and Mr.
Wilson's older daughter, Mrs. J. De Barth Shorb, are still with us — 1895.

Don Manuel Garfias : The first U. S. patentee owner of Pasadena
soil was a Mexican Lieut. -Col. of cavalry, and took part in the battles of
San Gabriel Ford and lyaguna ranch January 8-9, 1847. From these de-
feats he went to Mexico, and was among the prisoners taken by Gen. Scott
when his army finally captured the City of Mexico.

Dr. John S. Griffin : From whom the Orange Grove Colony bought
their land and started the Pasadena settlement. He was chief medical offi-
cer of the American troops in the battles of San Pasqual [San Diego coun-
ty, December 6, 1846], San Gabriel ford, and L,aguna ranch. He was
brother-in-law to our Judge Eaton, and brother to Mrs. Gen. Albert Sidney
Johnston. [See page 76, foot note].

Kit Carson : Col. Fremont's famous Rocky Mountain guide and scout
was with Fremont's troops in their march from San Diego to Los Angeles
in July-August, 1846 ; was sent as special envoy with despatches to Washing-
ton from Stockton and Fremont ; was stripped of his despatches and forced
to turn back by Gen. Kearny on the road from Santa Fe ; he was thus in
the battle of San Pasqual, and also in the battles of January 8 and 9, 1847.
His brother ApoUos Carson was in Fremont's battalion also ; and his son
Sam afterward lived a while in Pasadena. John V. Carson and his son Eu-
gene, well known building contractors of Pasadena, are cousins of Kit Car-
son ; and J. C. Studebaker is a nephew — son of Kit's sister Sarah.

Old Francesca Lugo : Don Felipe Lugo owned the great La-
guna ranch, then called "La Mesa," at the time the battle of January 9,
1847, was fought there in plain sight of the whitewashed adobe walls of
Los Angeles ; and she herself acted as supply agent and commissary for the
Mexican troops during the two days' battles. Then when Col. Fremont
marched into the city and became the first American governor of California,
she delivered to him the keys of Gov. Pio Pico's house. She has resided in
Pasadena with her son Jose Lugo, on the Arroyo flat under the Linda Vista
bluff, for nine or ten years past, and claimed to be 100 years old about De-
cember I, 1894.

I04 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA.

B. F. E. KRLI.OGG : Member of Fremont's California battalion, father-
in-law to Byron O. Clark, one of our best known citizens for ten or twelve
years past.

Jesus Rubio, the original owner of Rubio Canyon, brought his uncle,
Francisco Rubio, to San Gabriel from the L,aguna ranch battle field where
he was fatally wounded and died next day. His uncle, Manuel Rubio, was
slightly wounded while lassoing Gen. Kearny's artillery horses in the battle
of San Pasqual. [Jesus Rubio now lives at Duarte — 1895.]

Jose D. Olivas : grandson of Domingo Olivas, who was one of the
three peace commissioners who met Commodore Stockton on his second
march against Los Angeles. Olivas represented the Spanish people.

Other citizens of Pasadena who took part in the Mexican war were :
J. A. Buchanan, 4th Regt. Indiana Volunteers ; Charles Everett, teamster ;
Parley S. Tubbs, 6th U. S. Inf.; A. Wakely, Co. D 7th U. S. Inf. In the
war of the rebellion, 1861-65, Wakel}^ was a captain in the 98th N. Y. Inf.
Mr. Everett was a member of F troop in Brig. -Gen. Kit Carson's ist. Regt.
New Mexico mounted infantry. Buchanan w^as purchasing agent in quar-
termaster department.

schedule of battles in LOS ANGELES COUNTY.

The battles or memorable actions locally near to Pasadena were :

Capture of lyos Angeles, without battle, August 13, 1846, hy Commo-
dore Stockton and Col. Fremont.

Night attack on American headquarters by Serbulo Barrelas and his
drunken revellers celebrating the Mexican "Independence Day," September
16, 1846.

Arrest and imprisonment of leading Spani.sh citizens by Lieut. Gillespie,
September 17th and i8th, on account of the drunken mob.

Siege of Gillespie' s barracks and headquarters by Mexicans in revolt,
September 19, 20, 21, etc., and he .sent to Capt. B. D. Wilson at Jurupa,
[now Riverside] for reinforcements.

Battle of Chino, September 27, 1846. Americans under Capt. B. D.
Wilson all captured, and held as prisoners of war by the Mexicans until
January 10, 1847.

Battle of Los Angeles, September 23, 1846.* The Mexicans made a
dashing assault on Gillespie's barracks, which were inside of high adobe
walls [about where the St. Charles hotel now stands,] and were repulsed
with a reported loss of eight killed and many wounded.

*Soine accounts say this battle occurred ou the i6th, some say the23cl, some say the 28th of Septem-
ber. Some say four Mexicans were killed, some say eight, and some say none. I account for these dis-
crepancies thus: Some narrators tell of the night assault on (lillespie's barracks by the drunken mob
celebrating Mexican " Iiipependence Day," Sept. 16, in which none were killed, and called that "the
battle." Others tell of the open, da.shing assault made against the barracks on the 23d, which was re-
l)ulsed and the four men killed. This was really "the bailie," and the proper date, as Hittell lias it.
'I'lif other (our were killed on different days in the desultory fighting that was kept up, but have been
lumped into one day's report. Then on the ;!Sth the Mexicans had found their " Woman's Gun " and
were hauling it up onto Kort Hill ; but John Marshall unspiked one of the old Mexican cannon in Gil-
lespie's barracks, an<l a crew of his men diagged it quickly up the steep east face of Fort Hill, got in
position and opened fire one minute ahead of the Mexicans, <Irove theni off, and " held the fort."
And some call this " the battle of I,os Angeles."

niVlSION ONE — PRK-PASADENIAN. TO5

Evaaiation of Los Angeles, September 30, by I^ieut. Gillespie, and
retreat to ship at San Pedro.

Battle of Dominguez 7-anch, October 8, 1846. Americans under Capt.
Mervine and Lieut. Gillespie defeated, with six killed and seven wounded.

Ruse de g2ierre at San Pedro, October 23. Commodore Stockton
landed 800 men and six cannon at San Pedro, to march on I^os Angeles, but
could not get any horses or beef cattle; and the Mexican Captain, Carrillo,
manoeuvered his 400 men, mostl}^ raw ranchmen leading one or two extra
hor.ses, so skillfully that Stockton was made to believe there were over
2,000 Mexican troops in line to oppose his advance. So he re-embarked,
and sailed to San Diego. [He had to go there anyway to find safe harbor-
age for his ships at that time of year.]

Battle of San Pasqual, (an Indian village in San Diego county,) Decem-
ber 6, 1846. Gen. Kearny attacked Mexican troops, and was disastrously
defeated, with 18 killed, 19 wounded (three mortally), one mi.ssing, and one
cannon captured from him.

Battle of San Gabriel ford, January 8, 1847. Mexicans defeated.

Battle of Laguna ranch (called " The Me.sa " in Stockton's and other
reports), January 9, 1848. Mexicans defeated.

Re-occupation of Los Ayigeles by Commodore Stockton, January 10, 1847,
and Mexican army encamped at South Pasadena.

Capittdation of Calmeyiga, January 13, 1847. This practically ended
the Mexican war so far as California was concerned.

N THE

Pasadena
Mountains

Io6 "" HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

DIVISION TWO-COLONIAL.

CHAPTER V.

Origin of Pasadena — The "Indiana Colony" scheme, and its collapse. — D. M.
Berry "spies out" Rancho San Pasqual. — Origin of the "San Gabriel Orange
Grove Association." — How its members chose their lots, and where. — Success of
the colony.— Anniversary picnic— First Citrus Fair. — First premiums won twice
at Los Angeles. — The Lake Vineyard Colony started. — Its lands and first settlers.
— The colony water ditch.

THE INDIANA COLONY.

Sometime in the winter of 1872-73, some friends were together one
Sunday at the home of Dr. T. B. EUiott, in Indianapolis, Ind. It had
been a severe winter, and as usual the rigors and hardships of the season
were among the topics of conversation. Mrs. Elliott remarked that they
had better all emigrate to California, and said, " Pvi goi?ig, anyway, if nobody
else does.'" This was taken as a joke at first ; but it seemed to stick like a
seed of burr clover, for it very soon thereafter became a matter of serious
consideration among those friends ; and by May they had matured a scheme
to form an association called the '' California Colony of Indiana." The
first formal meeting in regard to the matter was held at the office of Berry &
Elliott in Indianapolis, there being present Dr. T. B. Elliott, D. M. Berry,
John H. Baker, J. M. Matthews, and Gen. Nathan Kimball. A circular
was issited, giving elaborate details of the plan, which was to send certain
pioneers to " spy out the land," select a tract " well timbered, well watered,
and adapted to the culture of citrus fruits " — and which could be bought
for about $3 per acre. These pioneers were to go ahead and sow wheat,
1000 acres, plant hedge fences, start nurseries, plant vineyards, set out
orange groves and other fruits, provide irrigation facilities, etc., — all so
easily done on paper, and so hard to do on land. And where were the
funds to carry forward all this magnitude of rugged endeavor ? The circu-
lar makes answer thus :

" To create a fund to meet these expenses, assessments will be made on
each member, as follows : June t, 1873, %\o ; July i, 1873, $^0 \ August
I. 1S73. $10; September i, 1873, $10 -total $40; and thereafter, on the
first day of each month an as.ses.sment of like amount, or if found necessary,
$12.50 per month will be made."

The circular was signed —

T. B. Elliott, President. Calvin Fletcher, Genl. Agent.

J. M. Matthews, Secretary. John H. Baker.

Hon. J. H. Ruddell, Trea.surer. D. M. Berry.

In August, a committee consisting of Gen. Nathan Kimball, Berry,
Baker, and a surveyor named Albert Ruxton, were dispatched to California

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL, IO7

to select and purchase land and start the colony work as laid out in the
printed circular. But soon thereafter came the great financial crisis and
panic of that year, which followed the failure of Jay Cooke, the Wall street
king of the hour, and his gigantic Northern Pacific Railroad scheme.
Partly owing to this money panic, and partly from its natural weakness as
a prompt cash resource, the financial plan of the colony enterprise proved a
sorry failure ; for D. M. Berry, its purchasing agent, reported in December
from lyOS Angeles to treasurer Ruddell at Indianapolis that he had only
$130.80 on hand. However, this Mr. Berry became the " connecting link "
between the extinct colony creation of Indianapolis and the living Pasadena
of today, which happened in this wise :

One day very early in November, 1873, Judge Eaton was in lyos Ange-
les and happened to meet Mr. Berry. In the cour.se of conversation Mr.
Berry stated his business in California ; and when asked by the Judge with
what success he had met, he replied in a comical but rather lugubrious tone :
"Well, I have worn my shoes out, and have worn my clothes out, and I
am about worn out myself ; but I have failed to find the desired ' ' well tim-
bered, well watered tract." Mr. Eaton then invited Berry to accompany
him to his home on the San Pasqual ranch, out a few miles in the country.
Mr. Berry accepted, and was driven up the Arroyo to the Garfias mansion,
and on up to " Fair Oaks," now J- E. Crank's place, near Eaton Canyon.
The following morning when Mr. Berry got up he made the remark that he
felt fine, and had pas.sed the night in sound, unbroken slumber for the first
time in three years. He looked down over the beautiful valley and was
enchanted. He said, " this is the place I have been looking for."

Mr. Berry had opened an office under the name of Berry & Elliott, in
Eos Angeles, in a small adobe building on the southwest corner of land
where the Baker block now stands, on North Main street. After re*^urning
from his visit at Judge Eaton's, he and J. H. Baker and Calvin Fletcher,
being all that was then left of the " Indiana Colony," went to work trying
to get other eastern people in and about Eos Angeles to join them as colo-
nists and buy the San Pasqual lands. They succeeded so well that the first
formal meeting was held in Berry & Elliot's office Nov. 13, at which were
present in person or by legal representative — B. S. Eaton, T. F. Croft, D. M.
Berry, T. B. Elliott by proxy, P. M. Green, A. O. Porter, W. T. Clapp,
John H. Baker, A. O. Bristol, Jabez Banbury, H. G. Bennett, Calvin
Fletcher, E. J. Vawter, H. J. Holmes, J. M. Matthews, Nathan Kimball,
Jesse Yarnell, Mrs. C. A. Vawter, N. R. Gibson. And they then and there
voted to organize themselves into a corporate body called the "San Gabriel
Orange Grove Association," to exist ten years, and have a capital stock of
$25,000, divided into 100 shares of $250 each.

It took a month to get the articles of incorporation prepared, signed
and recorded in due and legal form, with certificate from the Secretary of

I08 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

State, etc., and on December 13. 1873, the "San Gabriel Orange Grove As-
sociation " first breathed the breath of full legal existence. Its first Board
of Directors were B. S. Eaton, A. O. Porter, D. M. Berry, Thomas F.
Croft, W. T. Clapp, A. O. Bristol, Calvin Fletcher : and they elected Raton
for president, Croft vice president, Clapp treasurer, Berry secretary.

In an article written by Hon. P. M. Green for the Farnsworth pamphlet
published in 1883, he says .

"The Association purchased in December, 1873, the interest of Dr. J.-
S. Griffin in the San Pasqual Ranch, consisting of about 4,000 acres of land,
and their Civil Engineer, N. R. Gibson,* was directed, under the efficient
supervision of Calvin Fletcher, to subdivide 1,500 acres of the choicest part
of the land into tracts, varying in size from fifteen to sixty acres, for distri-
bution among the stockholders. In this work ample provision was made
for parks, wide and convenient .streets, and sites for school-houses and reser-
voirs. The plan for parks was subsequently abandoned on account of the
garden-like appearance which the entire place assumed. Active work was
also begun in carrying the water from its source near the mountains, by a
system of iron pipes, to each subdivision and to within a short distance of
every man's door.

' ' The work of the engineer in subdividing the lands having been com-
pleted, the stockholders met on the 27th day of January, 1874, and by
mutual agreement each made his selection of a tract proportionate to his in-
terest in the corporation and suited to his taste and judgment. And such
was the diversity of soil, location, and topography of the land that each of
the then twenty-seven stockholders was able to secure his own choice with-
out conflict with the choice, of any other stockholder. The chief instrument
in bringing about this happy consummation was Calvin Fletcher, a resident
of Indiana, who was then temporarily residing in Los Angeles."

Mr. Fletcher gave his valuable services in the matter gratuitously, for
which the settlers were very thankful. He was himself the largest share-
holder, yet he voluntarily took his choice of land last, saying, " Any of it
is good enough for me!" and chose 180 acres in the vicinity of South Pasa-
dena ; and afterward purchased sixty acres more from the Ward Leavitt
place.

THE ORIGINAL COLONY FARMS.

From a careful inspection of Secretary Berry's records and the original
colony map preserved in the Pasadena ly. & W. Company's office, I have
compiled the following schedule of names, acres, and location of land select-
ed by the several colonists on that memorable and historic day, January 27,
1874. One share equaled fifteen acres, and it had been agreed that the one-
share and two-share men might first take their choice out of all the lands.

J. H. Baker, fifteen acres. Fair Oaks to Vernon Avenue, and Walnut
to Mary street — now known as the Mosher Tract. The Christian church

♦Hon. P. M. Green, A. O. Bristol and W. T. Clapp served as chain men in this surveying work.
They were all living in Los Angeles— Mr. Fletcher at the Pico house and Mr. Bristol's buckskin ponies

hrolltrht the tiartv (int everv iiiririiino* nnH Titjr'lr at tiiohf

brought the party out every morning and back at night

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAI,. IO9

and the Lutheran church are on this selection. Baker's was the second
house built in the colony.

W. J. Barcus, fifteen acres. South Pasadena— West Columbia to Her-
mosa street, and Palm Avenue to Arroyo Drive. He resides there yet —

1895-

Alf. W. Dana, fifteen acres. Fair Oaks to Vernon Avenue on south
side of Mary street — afterward the B. F. Ball home place, and on which Mr.
Ball built the first brick house ever erected in Pasadena.

Jesse Yarnell, fifteen acres. Orange Grove Avenue and Kensington
street — now W. U. Masters 's home place.

A. O. Bristol, thirty acres. Lincoln Avenue [Old Fair Oaks] and
Cypress Avenue, and from North Orange Grove Avenue down to Walnut
street. Mr. Bristol built the first house in Pasadena, 20x22, one-story, and
it stands there yet, near his present dwelling, at S. W. corner of North
Orange Grove and Lincoln Avenue. He had by general consent chosen his
lot several days previously and planned work on it, so that was really the
first choice announced. [This special favor was a ' ' thank you ' ' for his
buckskin ponies' services in the surveying work.]

I. N. Mundell, thirty acres. N. E. corner North Orange Grove and
Walnut street, where he resided till 1894, then moved to Orange county.
This was the second choice announced.

A. W. Hutton, thirty acres. Each side of Arlington Drive from Or-
ange Grove to Fair Oaks Avenue. This was Judge Hutton of Los Angeles.

T. J. AND L. J. LoCKHART, thirty acres. Orange Grove Avenue and
Arlington Court down to Arroyo Drive. (Now the McGregory place.)

E. J. Vawter, per D. M. Berry, sixty acres. North of Reservoir Hill
and west of North Orange Grove Avenue down into the Arroyo.

T. E. LiPPiNCOTT, per D. M. Berry, sixty acres. From Walnut street
to North Orange Grove Avenue where the Terminal railroad now runs, and
also Pasadena and Winona Avenues running northwest. He also took an-
other lot north of North Orange Grove Avenue.

Ney Strickland, sixty acres. West of Lincoln Avenue and north of
North Orange Grove Avenue — the Joseph Wallace place. Mr. Wallace
started here the first fruit canning enterprise in Pasadena, in 1881, and con-
tinues it yet.

Mrs. C. a. Vawter, per D. M. Berry, sixty acres. North side of
Colorado street from Fair Oaks to Orange Grove Avenue — afterward the Dr.
Carr place.* The First National Bank, the Arcade building, the City Hall
[White's block], the Los Angeles House, the Terminal R. R. depot, etc., are
on this tract,

Elliott and Berry (Dr. T. B. Elliott, D. M. Berry), per D. M.
Berry, 180 acres. (Dr. Elliot had not arrived yet from Indianapolis.) From

L

*Mrs. Vawter sold forty-two acres to Mrs. Jeannie C. Carr, February 14, 1877.

no HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Fair Oaks Avenue to Arroyo Drive, and from Colorado street south to Ele-
vado Drive.

Col. J. Banbury, sixty acres. From Fair Oaks Avenue to Arroyo
Drive, and from Elevado to Waverly Drive. He built the third house in
the settlement — the one where Mrs. I. M. Hill now resides, on Orange
Grove Avenue — 1894.

N. R. Gibson, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo, and from Wav-
erly to Palmetto street. (The James Smith tract.)

Thomas F. Croft, 60 acres. P'rom Fair Oaks to Arroyo, and from
Palmetto to California street. The first plow that ever turned a sod in Pasa-
dena was run by Mr. Croft on his land, along where the ist Congregational
church and Rev. D. D. Hill's residence now stand— 1894. "^^^ Garfield
school is also on the Croft farm.

W. T. C1.APP, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo, and from Cali-
fornia to Congress street. The first colony school house and the first church
(Presbyterian) were erected on this body of land.

H. J. Holmes, per W. T. Clapp, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Ar-
royo, on each side of Bradford street and Markham street. Gov. Mark-
ham's residence, fronting east on Pasadena Avenue, is on this selection.

Henry G. Bennett, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo on each
side of Bellefontaine street. The Catholic church now stands on this land.

J. M. Matthews, per Thos. F. Croft, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to
Arroyo Drive, next south of Mr. Bennett's choice. On this farm are now
located the fine residences of E. F. Hurlbut, Prof. T. S. C. Lowe, and Mrs.
Col. Baker.

B. S. Eaton, 60 acres. His present home place named "Hillcrest,"
on the south Pasadena bluff ; also from Fair Oaks to Orange Grove Avenue,
and on down the west bluff, next north of the Porter & Green selection
which lay along the north side of Columbia street. " Grace Hill " is on
Judge Eaton's selection.

Porter «& Green, 120 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo Drive on
north side of Columbia street ; and also on .south side of same street to
Sylvan Drive — Columbia Hill being then reserved for school, church and
reservoir sites.

Ward Leavitt, per D. M. Berry, 60 acres. vSouth Pasadena.

Calvin Fletcher, 180 acres. South Pasadena. 112;^ acres of his
lands are marked "'May hew " on the original colony map.

The colony map was prepared by N. R. Gibson, engineer, and was
23x52 inches in size. A photograph copy of it was made for record, and
was recorded June 25, 1874, in Book 2, pages 556 to 559 of Miscellaneous
Records of Los Angeles county. J. W. Gillette, county recorder.

The amount of land bought was 3,933/3 acres, for $25,000. About
1,400 acres which lay detached, up toward the mountains, was donated to

DIVISION TWO COLONIAL. Ill

the colony by B. D. Wilson. This was sold off in parcels ; and finally the
last 900 acres of it (without water) was sold in 1882 to Woodbury Brothers
from Marshalltown, Iowa, for $5 per acre. It is now known as Altadena.
1800 acres of the water-rights land were subdivided ; and 800 acres were
Arroyo and hill lands, including reserved water-bearing lands^ reservoir
sites, etc.

The name Pasadena was oflScially adopted April 22, 1875. See full
account of it in chapter 18.

Mrs. Jeannie C. Carr in her contribution to the I^ewis " History of lyos
Angeles County," published in 1889, speaking of the first apportionment of
the colony lands, says :

" Nearly all had a choice spot in view, and it was an anxious moment
when, the lovely landscape at their feet, and the maps outspread, the bid-
ding was about to begin. Mr. Fletcher moved that the owners of a .single
share be first invited to make their selections. And such was the diversity
of soil, location and topography that each of the twenty-seven stockholders
secured his chosen homestead, without interfering with that of his neigh-
bor. * * It was a singular fact that there was not a professional and
hardly a practical horticulturist or farmer among them ; but the spell of the
neighboring orchards and vineyards soon transformed them into enthusiastic
culturists of the orange and the vine. The worn-out physician found the
fountain of youth in the pure California sunshine, which turned his grapes
into delicious raisins. In the first nine years of the history of the settle-
ment, not a single criminal prosecution occurred among a population of a
thousand souls, and quarrels were unknown. Lawyers issued writs of
ejectment to gophers and burrowing squirrels, of which there was no lack."

FIRST REUNION PIC-NIC OF THE COLONY.

On their second anniversary, January 27, 1876, the colonists held a
general reunion pic-nic in what they called lyive Oak Park — now the Lin-
coln Park portion of South Pasadena. The entire population was there —
men, women and children. Among the guests of the occasion was the ven-
erable C. F. Clarkson, a pioneer agricultural editor and publisher of Iowa,
and father of J. S. Clarkson, editor of the Iowa State Register, the leading
republican paper of the state, who afterward became famous as chairman of
the Republican National Committee, and First Assistant Postmaster-General
in President Harrison's administration [1889]. Father Clarkson paid a
glowing tribute to the location, and complimented in the highest terms the
wisdom and foresight of those who had selected the situation for the settle-
ment, and had laid so broad and deep the foundations of its success ; and he
predicted in eloquent words the bright and prosperous future before it, such
as the most sanguine of its projectors had not conceived of. Mr. Clarkson
and his wife spent the winter here and at Los Angeles ; and with Col. Ban-
bury and other friends they made a trip up Eaton canyon to the Falls,
which was a notable event at the time, for Mrs. Clarkson was a woman of
such large and fleshy proportions, that it was only with extreme difficulty,

112 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

patience, perseverance, and frequent assistance that she was able to accom-
plish the canyon trip. Father Clarkson then and for many years until his
death, edited the Agricultural Department of the lozva State Register ; and
he wrote rapturously of Pasadena and all this region of country even to the
year of his death, thus making himself its chief apostle and missionary
throughout Iowa — a circumstance which accounts for so many Iowa people
coming here.

Another guest and speaker on that anniversary occasion was Col. John
F. Godfrey of Los Angeles, after whom the John F. Godfrey Post, G. A. R.,
and Woman's Relief Corps of Pasadena were named. Calvin Fletcher, Dr.
T. B. Elliott, and other colony members also made appropriate speeches.

FIRST CITRUS FAIR.

The next important stage in the evolution of the colony, as to its ma-
terial interests and its guerdon of stability, was when its orchards and vine-
yards began to yield their fruit. And here I quote again from Hon. P. M.
Green's well written sketch. Mr. Green says :

"The year 1880 being the first in which the orchards and vineyards
began to be productive, the society decided to hold its first Citrus Fair, at
which the products of the locality might be placed on exhibition. March
24 was the date fixed for the Fair, and when the time came the display of
fruits of all kinds was greatly in excess of the most sanguine expectations.
The exhibition was a grand success, and a surprise to all in attendance.
The public prints of the day — all the Los Angeles newspapers being repre-
sented at the Fair — abounded in praises of the exhibition, and of the energy
and enterprise of its projectors.

' ' The success of the society at its local exhibition encouraged it to
make another display of the products of the place at the Citrus Fair held
under the auspices of the vSouthern California Horticultural Society at the
city of Los Angeles, in March, 1881. This was intended as an exhibition
strictly of the citrus products of every part of the State where citrus fruits
can be produced, and every section was represented. The exhibition of
Pasadena at this Fair was grand and imposing. A huge pyramid of oranges,
lemons, and limes was erected, which attracted marked attention, and was
the admiration of the thousands in attendance. The exhibit was awarded
the first premium over all competitors, and bore off in triumph the blue
ribbon and the one hundred dollars awarded to it as the largest and best
exhibit of the kind ever made in the State.

"At the regular Annual Fair of the Southern California Horticultural
Society, held in the fall of 1881, at which a general exhibit of all the friiits
produced in California was made, the Pasadena exhibit again took the first
premium. Thus, at two successive Fairs [in Los Angeles] Pasadena was
able to carry off the first premium for the quality and display of its fruits,
against the competition ot the very best fruit-growing districts of the State."

THE TvAKE VINEYARD COLONY TRACT.

The foregoing account has followed apparently the founding and pro-
gress of the San Gabriel Orange Grove Association only, whose territory
was bounded on the east by Fair Oaks Avenue. But another colony sub-

DIVISION Two — COLONIAL. II 3

division of lands was made by Hon. B. D. Wilson in 1876, because by that
time the Orange Grove Association had only two or three small lots left for
sale, so rapidly had its lands been taken up and improved. This new
colony tract comprised about 2,500 acres of land, eastward, with Fair Oaks
Avenue as the line of separation from the original plat ; and it was named
the " Ivake Vineyard I^and and Water Company," from the name of Mr.
Wilson's home place, he being himselt the "Company," with his son-in-
law, J. DeBarth Shorb, as general manager. Wilson and Griffin had sold
the Grogan tract in 1868, and Wilson now repurchased a portion of it for
his new colony scheme, so that the plat extended eastward a few rods beyond
Wilson Avenue to what is now Bandini Avenue. This colony tract was laid
out in five and ten acre lots, and water to be piped to each lot from a reser-
voir at the end of the original ' ' Wilson Ditch ' ' before described as made by
Judge Baton in 1867, for Wilson and Griffin.

Thomas Banbury was here from Canada without his family. He was
working for B. D. Wilson on the San Pasqual ranch, and knew of his plan
for making a new subdivision of colony lands, so he bargained for a ten
acre lot and staked it off himself before any survey had been made. This
was in December, 1875. Mr. Banbury planted a patch of potatoes on his
lot, just about where the Pasadena Manufacturing Co. 's big planing mill is
now located, and on December 27 started back east to bring his family. His
was the first lot ever taken in the Lake Vineyard Colony tract. On his
return he took three more ten-acre lots, making a 40-acre block extending
from Fair Oaks Avenue to Marengo Avenue. In 1877 he sold the south 20
acres of his land to W O. Swan, Sr., which was the first sale from the Lake
Vineyard Tract made to second parties. Glendale street now runs through
this 20, and the Santa Fe freight depot stands upon it.

These new colony lands, with water, were held at $75 per acre, in small
lots, in 1876. But L. D. Hollingsworth, just arrived from Iowa, sought
better terms, on condition that he would induce a number of Iowa families
to come and settle here and so give the newly opened lands a good start for
fettlement and sale. Upon this, Mr. Wilson agreed that if he and his
friends would take one hundred acres at once they might have it at $55 per
acre. Then Mr. Hollingsworth made up a syndicate of buyers, as follows :

L. D. Hollingsworth [in the family] - - - 50 acres.

Charles Legge - - - - - - - 20 '"

Solomon Dunton (by his son-in-law, Col. J. Banbury) 10 "
Col. Jabez Banbury - - - - - - 5 "

S. Washburn - - 5 "

This made 90 acres [the other ten being guaranteed], and was the
original purchase and start for the new colony except T. Banbury's lot.
But Mr. Hollingsworth had obtained a special concession that any of his
Iowa friends who should come here to settle within a year should have land

114 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

at the same price. This concession, however, was afterward extended to
others, and under it lands were bought the same year at _the same price by
David Townsend, 30 acres ; John L,owe, 20 acres ; A. Ninde, 20 acres ;
P. G. Wooster, 10 acres.

Thomas Banbury gives a Httle different version of the matter from the
HoUingsworth people. He says the low price of the lands sold in 1876 was
conditioned on their "making up a pot," as Mr. Wilson expressed it, of
200 acres ; and that the total sales that year, including his first 10 taken in
December, 1875, amounted to 210 acres — so Mr. Wilson was satisfied, as the
' ' full pot " had been made up.

These purchases, and the occupancy and improvements which went
forward in rapid succession, had now given the "east side colony" as it
was called, a good start ; and the price of Company lands, with water, was
thereafter held at $75, $80 and $100 per acre.

The work of getting a water supply down to these lots now had to be
pushed as rapidly as possible. The original ditch was enlarged and extended
down to Reservoir No. i, and finally cemented from Devil's Gate to the
reservoir. Of course all this took time ; and for several months the ' ' east-
siders ' ' had no water supply but what flowed in a plow-furrow ditch from
the reservoir site down through the body of land they had chosen. Then
the gophers would often push fresh loose dirt into the stream and muddy it,
or make their holes where the water would all run into them and disappear,
leaving none for the new comers above ground ; and occasionally hogs were
found wallowing in the ditch where it crossed the old ranch lands up near
the Arroyo. These were some of the tribulations of pioneer life in Pasadena.
It was the daily business of the settlers to go with their canteens, buckets,
barrels, tubs, etc., to the ditch and secure a supply of water for the day, or
longer. Dr. Allen tells that, having no horse, he had to roll his water
barrel back and forth by hand, a distance of half a mile from house to ditch.

The construction and cementing of the permanent main ditch was done
by Thomas Banbury under contract, superintended by Hon. J. De Barth
Shorb, who relates with much satisfaction that two distinguished U. S. army
engineers, Gen. B. S. Alexander and Col. Geo. H. Mendel, estimated that it
would cost at least $5 per running foot, but he built it at a cost a little under
$2.75 per running foot. The cement or lime for this job was dug out of the
hillside at Lincoln Park by Thomas Banbury, and burned there, where the
Mission Fathers had done the same thing asearly as 1780-81. In construct-
ing this cement ditch there was a certain point where a pike or causeway
had to be made some distance across a depression in the land, Mr. Shorb
and his engineer, named E. T. Wright, had set the stakes for this fill, and
A. O. Bristol had charge of a gang of Chinamen doing the grade work.
One day John W. Wilson reported to his uncle B. D. Wilson down at his
Lake Vineyard home, that there was something not right about that ditch

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. II 5

work. The old man called Mr. Shorb in from the winery above the house
for some explanation, and they took the buggy and drove in haste up to
where the work was going on. Seeing the bungle of it at once, the old man
was deeply vexed, and reproached Bristol for making such a blunder.
Bristol very calmly replied that he was following the stakes just as they had
been set and marked by the engineer. Mr. Shorb thought this could not be
so. Mr. Bristol replied, "Well, here are the stakes; I have saved them
from being covered up or broken ; You can see for yourselves." Mr. Wilson
looked at them sharply a few seconds and then burst out — " Well, I never
did depend on any of these scientific fellows but what I got fooled. Here,
Bristol, bring your old crooked level-stick and make this thing right."

And Bristol with his "old crooked level-stick" made the line right.
The trouble with the engineer was that he had drank wine freely and it made
him see crooked.

The first house on the I,ake Vineyard side was a rough board cottage
built by ly. D. Hollingsworth, on one of his 10 acre lots, early in 1876.
It was afterward improved and a neat front added — and it still stands in the
same place, being the third house on west side of Marengo Avenue south of
Kansas street.

The lots selected by the original Hollingsworth syndicate have all be-
come points of historic interest. Mr. lyCgge chose his twenty acres on the
south side of Walnut street from Fair Oaks to Marengo Avenues ; and on it
are located the Baptist church, the Crown Villa Hotel, the Public lyibrary,
and his home place where he still resides.

Col. Banbury selected for his father-in-law. Rev. S. Dunton, the ten
acres on north side of Walnut street and east of Fair Oaks. During the
"boom " days (1885 to 1888), Chestnut street and Raymond Avenue were
opened through it ; and the Universalist church, besides the East Hall and
West Hall of Throop Polytechnic Institute are now located on the original
Dunton purchase.

Mr. Hollingsworth 's son, Henry, had chosen ten acres south of Wal-
nut and east of Marengo (which was included in his father's fifty), and
the Wilson High School and Lincoln School are both now on this land.

ly. D. Hollingsworth took three lo-acre lots on north side of Colorado
street, from Fair Oaks Avenue eastward, which reached a little beyond
Worcester Avenue, and built his own home on the east lot, just about where
the Presbyterian church now stands. He also proposed to put up a build-
ing, and open a store and get a postofhce located in it, at the corner of
Colorado street and Marengo Avenue, because he thought that elevated site
would be the finest point for the colony village or business center. But the
" west siders," as the Orange Grove people were then called, pulled so hard
for a location at least on the street line between the two settlements that he
yielded the point, and built his store near the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue

Il6 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

and Colorado street, where McDonald, Brooks & Co. 's real estate office now
stands. Then J. H. Baker moved his original colony blacksmith shop from
Walnut street, west of where Rev. W. C. Mosher now resides, down to a
location just east of the new store. A man named Watson started a
meat market just north of the store. O. R. Dougherty started a shoe shop.
And thus the trading center became established. Then, in August, 1876,
Mr. Wilson donated five acres on the south side of Colorado, eastward from
Fair Oaks Avenue to where the Santa Fe railroad now runs, to the colony
for school purposes. [See Chapter 9, "Annals of the Schools."] The
district voted a tax to erect a school-house there, large enough to accommo-
date 200 pupils. And this was the final nail which clinched the town cen-
ter, and fastened it so firmly that half-a-dozen or more strong efforts to
change it since, in the interest of some speculative scheme, have proved
disastrous and memorable failures.

The five acres chosen by Col. Banbury for himself was that where the
M. E. church and parsonage and " The Tabernacle " now stand. And the
five chosen by S. Washburn was on the opposite side of Marengo Avenue,
the Brockway block being the only important building on it as yet, 1S95.

The ten acres which P. G. Wooster bought about the same time, but
not in the syndicate, comprised the ground now occupied by the Santa Fe R.
R. depot, the Hotel Green, the Post Office or Morgan block, and the
Wooster block. The Townsend, Lowe and Ninde purchases of that year
were farther out in different directions and have not won any special histori<
prominence, up to 1895.

CHAPTER VI.

Ol,t> Setti^er Experiences. — Pvleven personal narratives of first experiences in Pasa^
dena, in response to (|uestions sent out. — Who the " Old Settlers " were, and where
they were from.

OLD SETTLER EXPERIENCES.

Old Settlers' Association. — About 1882-83 two or three informal
meetings were held to talk up the matter of organizing an Old Settlers' As-
sociation ; and A. O. Porter served as chairman. [Mr. Porter died January
17, 1888.] But the same difficulty that occurs in all such cases came up
here also — that of agreeing upon a time limit for determining who should
be reckoned as "old settlers " and who should not. No agreement was
reached, and the whole matter gradually dropped out ; so that no such or-
ganization was ever really effected, although I found some who thought
there had been. It is true that at the.se " talks" on the matter a prelim-
inary list was made up to see who were here and when they came, etc. , but

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. II 7

that was all ; and Rev. Farnsworth used it in making up the Pasadena
Directory part of his book, a "Southern California Paradise," published in
1883.

On commencing the preparation of this Histor}^ of Pasadena, I gave
out by mail or personal delivery to about 130 different persons a blank pre-
pared for noting down such items of their first experiences here as might
form an interesting little historical sketch. Only eleven of them ever took
the trouble to fill out the blanks and return them to me ; and to these eleven
I devote this chapter, taking the names in alphabetical order.

HENRY G. BENNETT.

Came from Ann Arbor, Michigan, by way of Union Pacific and Central
Pacific Railroads to San Francisco, thence by boat to San Pedro, and reached
lyos Angeles October 23, 1873. Settled in Pasadena in Februarj^ 1874. Built
a two-room cottage on west side of Orange Grove Avenue, where Bellefontaine
Avenue now runs westward, and this pioneer house is still in use at the west
end of that street. It was the fourth house built in the colony. Building
material, fuel and provisions all had to be brought up from lyos Angeles.
My first crop was barley ; then wheat, corn, vegetables, and fruits. 1876-
77 were dry or drouth years ; wheat and barley grew only one foot high ;
yet during the following summer we had fruit of finest qualitj^ [It is
curious to note that the first four houses built in the colony were bj'^ B-men :
I -Bristol ; 2-Baker ; 3-C0I. Banbury ; 4-Bennett. — Ed.]

D. M. BERRY.

In Chapter 5 will be found a full account of Mr. Berry's first visit to
Rancho San Pasqual, and the part he bore in deciding the colony settlement
here. Mr. Berry died at San Fernando, December 22, 1887. His daugh-
ter, Mrs. Jessie Berry Waite, resides there ; and in a letter of September 16,
1874, she says of her father : "He selected the location [Pasadena] from
the garden spots of Southern California. He was at first much pleased
with Santa Barbara, but let its sleepy beauty go by, feeling assured that
there would be greater things 3^et in store for Pasadena, with her large val-
ley and fine climate."

Mrs. Waite loaned me a scrap book which .she had made when a little
girl at their old home in Indianapolis ; and in it I found the following ac-
count of our new colony, written by Mr. Berry from L,os Angeles, May 30,
1874, to the hidiatiapolis Daily Journal :

" In this valley of beauty the cabin of the writer had been built, and a
gallant hunter from Indianapolis, with another from Chicago, started in the
morning for the valley to gather venison, rabbit and quail, to inaugurate the
ranch house with a sumptuous feast, while the ' Secretary ' himself was to
arrive at sunset to join in the opening feast. But —

I

" ' In vain ! alas ! in vain, ye gallent few !
From rank to rank your volleyed thunder flew."

Il8 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

" It is sad to say, the game flew too, and at the sunset hour when the
hopeful party gathered for the feast, the disconsolate hunters unpacked their
stores, consisting of one ancient owl. Finding nothing in Nordhoff, Black-
stone or Euclid, by which we could adapt the bird of wisdom to our necessi-
ties, it was left to the culinary skill of the coyotes, and all tried their skill at
cooking on an alcohol fire. The bill of fare was brief and the cooking sus-
ceptible of criticism.

"Owing to a disappearance of the carpenter, the roof of the house had
been omitted, so the building was well ventilated, and there was no necessity
of putting in a sky-light. But as the season of rain was supposed to be
gone on a summer vacation along the Mississippi, no inconvenience was an-
ticipated from the absence of a roof. The first attempt at sleeping was in-
terrupted by a company of owls that perched on the rafters, to hiss their
indignation at the sleepy sinners beneath, for shooting their venerable com-
rade. The shooters devoutly wished the defunct bird re-animated and back
in the canyon with all his noisy tribe. On the third night, during the most
slumberous hours, a heavy rainstorm put in an unexpected appearance. The
agility and zeal displayed in improvising a shelter in midnight darkness was
worthy of a good cause. It was then discovered that even so trifling a thing
as a roof to a house was not to be despised at all times. As soon as the
spring rains were apparently passed, the carpenter appeared and the roof was
put on, to lie in idleness during all the summer time,

"In the few weeks since the Hoosiers took possession of their lands
great activity has prevailed. Three miles of flume and ditch have been
made; three miles of large iron pipe made, laid, and covered below the
depth of a plow ; a reservoir with the capacity of three million gallons has
been constructed on the highest land of the settlement, and the water has
been let in. An occasional mountain brook trout takes an unexpected trip
through three miles of darkness, and is hurried into the reservoir at the
speed of a railway train. Eighty acres of grain have been raised for hay,
100,000 grape cuttings have been planted, and a large quantity of orange
and lime seed ; about ten thousand small trees for nurser}^ planting have
been purchased ; and a large area of land prepared for corn and semi-tropical
fruits.

"Potatoes and other garden products, planted in February and March,
are now yielding a good return without irrigation. Our company has been
recently re-enforced by Major Erie L,ocke, who is actively at work as a
ranchero, and seems to enjoy the business as a pleasure. Tree planting will
be commenced in a few days."

In a letter published in the Los Angeles Herald^ Nov. — , 1874, Mr.
Berry again wrote :

" Major Erie Eocke has just completed his residence at San Pasqual,
(Orange Grove Association) and gave a house warming last night to cele-
brate the event. * * Within the past month Dr. Conger of Salt
Eake, Mr. Cooley of Marysville, Mr. Weldon of Truckee, and Mundell of
Eos Angeles, have built comfortal^le residences, and Messrs. Porter and
Green are preparing to build. Messrs. Berry, Elliott and Conger have con-
structed private reservoirs to hold from 75,000 to 100,000 gallons, and
Messrs. Berry, Eocke, Banbury, and Bennett have planted out a considerable
number of orange, lemon and lime trees."

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 19

When the opening of the S. G. V. railroad to Pasadena occurred, Sep-
tember i6, 1885, Mr. Berry was city editor of the I,os Angeles Daily Herald,
and of course came out to report the great historic event. And from an in-
terview with him the Pasadena Union gave a graphic account of his first ex-
periences in the colony, which I here condense :

' ' As soon as the colony was started I hired a man to go out from Los
Angeles and build me a little house. He got the walls up, floor laid, etc.,
but no roof, then he got dry, and went to Los Angeles and got drunk — and
forgot to come back and get my roof on. Meanwhile I came out, supposing
my house was all ready for me, but found it roofless and no carpenter at
work. I rolled in my blankets, lay down on some .shavings, and dreamed
that I slept. Before morning there was a pouring rain and I was soaked to
the marrow. It seemed as if my house would become the first reservoir of
the colony, from the amount of wetness that filled up around me."

I, B. CLAPP.

I arrived here in September, 1876, by railroad to San Francisco, and
boat thence to San Pedro. Came from Hartford, Conn. The first of the colony
men I met was Dr. T. B. Elliott, who brought me out from Los Angeles. My
first lodging was on top of a pine box, softened a little with some hay borrow-
ed from a neighbor's stack. I bought a 23-acre lot and built on it the first
two-story plastered house that had a solid concrete fou7idation in Pasadena.
It was located on Orange Grove Avenue south of California street — now
owned by James North. Building stone and fuel we hauled up from our
Arroyo lot ; but lumber, provisions, hardware, etc., had to be procured from
Los Angeles. The eatable wild game was deer, ducks, rabbits, and quail ;
and for want of turkeys or chickens, we made our Thanksgiving dinner of
rabbits that year. There was no rain until January, 1877, and my house-
hold goods had lain out doors until then. The first crops we raised were
corn, wheat and barley. A year or two after we built our house a rattle-
snake attempted to crawl in at the back door •; but we captured him, and
found that he was an older settler than we were, for he had seven rattles
and a button. None have been seen thereabouts, however, for many years.

DR. O. H. CONGER.

Mrs. Conger writes : "We arrived here August 24, 1874, by steamer
from San Francisco. We had lived two years in Salt Lake City, but form-
erly in New York City. The first colony people we met were Judge Eaton
and D. M. Berry; and we first lodged in Mr. Berry's board shanty on
Orange Grove Avenue. Fuel was hauled from the mountains [canyons];
but provisions, building material, laundry work and mail, were procured
from Los Angeles. Our first house was on the site of our present home,
and consisted of one long room built of matched redwood boards, with a
sash door in each end ; and we moved into it on September 28, 1874. The
first crops we raised were potatoes, white beans, lettuce and onions. The

I20 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

following June we set out 300 two-year-old orange trees west of the house.
A few months later grasshoppers came. We bought a lot of muslin and
Doctor and I covered every tree and saved them. Our thirty acres were all
set to oranges, grapes, and a full variety of deciduous fruits. Our first
raisins were cured by hanging the large bunches of grapes on nails driven
along the south side of the house and covering them with mosquito netting.
Our daughter, I^ulu N. Conger, born August 4, 1875, was the second child
born in Pasadena — the first one being a daughter of the Wentworth family
then living on the Joseph Wallace place. Mr. Wentworth went back east
soon after the grasshopper raid, saying he was tired of wearing old clothes
with no money in his pocket. He had formerly been a railroad conductor.

JUDGE Eaton's narrative.

I arrived in California in Augusc, 1850, coming across the plains on
horseback, with ox teams to haul our provisions. Came to L,os Angeles in
the autumn of 1851, by sea, on a little tug boat called the " Ohio," from San
Francisco.* It took four days to steam down the coast. Came onto the
San Pasqual ranch, the present site of Pasadena, in December, 1858. [A
part of this narrative, pertaining to his temporary occupancy of the old
Garfias adobe ranch house, from December, 1858, till July, 1859, is embodied
in Chapter IV., Division i, which see. He left the ranch in 1859, and did
not return to it until February, 1865. — Ed.]

I must here recur to a little history foreign to myself personally, as it
involves the incipient steps toward turning this ranch from a stock range
into the thriving, beautiful city that it now is.

After the death of General Albert Sidney Johnston [Confederate Gen-
eral], his widow determined to remain here ; and her brother Dr. Grifiin re-
quested her to visit San Pasqual ranch and select a spot for her future home.
She fixed upon the spot now known as " Fair Oaks " — the property of J. F.
Crank [1894]. Accordingly a square mile of the ranch, including that
spot, was segregated and a partition made of the lands (for in the meantime
B. D. Wilson had become the owner of an undivided one-half interest ),t Mrs.
Johnston thereby becoming the owner of the Fair Oaks property, and B. I).
Wilson owner of what is now the Allen estate. Mrs. Johnston immediately
built a comfortable but unpretentious cottage for her home. This was the
second house built on the ranch. | She first occupied it with her family
about Christmas, 1862. The following May the loss of her oldest son,
Albert, i^ a young man of splendid promise, destroyed her plans, and in a

*In 1851 there was seemingly some danger of a general revolt of Mexicans against American rule,
and a company of volunteer troops was formed, under Gen J. H. Bean. B. S. Eaton was one of the cor-
porals in this company.— [.S>f Ceuteimial Hisioiv of Los Angeles County.]

fit was in 1.S58 that Dr. (Inffui had loaned (iarfias $8, 000, but tliis transaction did not appear of
record ; heiiue c'.arfias's first deed of the entire ranch was made to B. D. Wilson, Jan. 15, 1859, as shown
in my sketch ol the ' Chain of Title." on page 74. But just when and how Wilson and Grifiin arranged
their undivided joint ownership I failed to find. — Ed.

{This is a mistake. The Jose Perez adobe house on south .slope of Raymond hill was built in 1S39.
IJona Encarnacion Abila built an adobe house for Caniacho, her mnjor doino, in 1844. near the Garfias
spring. Carlos Hanawald and John Pine, the gold hunters, built tlieir adobe ca'iin at foot of llauaford's
bluff, in 1850-51. Garfias built his great adobe ranch house in 1853. Mrs. Johnston's house came next, in
1862.

^In the explosion of the little steamer, Ada Hancock, April 2(), 1863, near Wilmington, among
many lost were, of our merchants, Wm. T. H, Sanford, Dr. Henry K. Miles, Loeb Schlessinger; with
Capt. Thomas Workman, the young Alhkkt Siijnkv Johnston, son of General Albert Sidney Johnston.
Miss Medora Hereford, sister-in-law of lion B D Wilson, died soon after of injuries recei'v. d in this
deplorable ca\a\\\\iy . — Cr ute 11 n in/ //isl. I. us .■\>is:elfs toiiiitv, f-^7-

DIVISION TWO — COI.ONIAL. 121

few weeks she left the ranch never to return. [Note. — Mrs. Johnston's
husband was killed in the battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing in April,
1862. Her brother Dr. Griffin's wife was sister to Judge Eaton's first wife ;
and her son, Hancock M. Johnston, married Judge Eaton's daughter Mary.
When Mrs. Johnston sold the Fair Oaks ranch and gave a deed of it, she
made special reservation of the space occupied by the grave of her son,
Albert Sidney Johnston, who had been buried there. — Ed.]

About two years after she left I entered into a contract (1865) to bring
the waters of Eaton Canyon out, and moved with my family into the
Johnston house. The terrible drouth of 1864-65 had swept away my stock
and I turned my attention to agricultural pursuits. Cleaning off the sage-
brush and cactus, I planted 5,000 grape vines as an experiment — for no one
in Southern California had ever tried to carry a vineyard through the sum-
mer without flooding it with water from three to five times, and I knew
from the small supply of water that I had I could not give my vines a drop.
In fact, for the first two years of my residence there, I had to haul all m}^
watei for stock and domestic use from Wilson's and Rose's, a distance of
three miles and a half. When the Savans and older inhabitants heard of
my reckless undertaking, they unanimously voted me a leather medal for
being the greatest fool that ever struck this country. But my vines did so
well that the year following I planted 30,000 more, and in two years (it had
always taken four years before this) produced a wine that made old manu-
facturers open their eyes, for it brought prices that they had never before
heard of.

During these first years my greatest anxiety was where the next sack
of flour was coming from to feed the hearty kids that were constantly put-
ting in an appearance in the family circle.

The ranch abounded in jack-rabbits, cotton-tails, quail, and some deer.
Of wild fruits there were none except a few cherries that grew on a brilliant
green shrub near the base of the mountains. This production hardly de-
served the name of fruit, as it consisted principally of a pit about the size of
a cherr}^ with a very light veneering of flesh. [See foot-note, p. 23.]

Bears were frequent visitors in early days ; not grizzlys, perhaps, but
the brown bear, very much like them but not so large. One of these
"varmints " had the audacity to enter Mrs. Johnston's door yard in the day-
time, tip over a bee-hive and help himself to honey. He was discovered by
Sid Johnston, then a lad of seventeen, who in the absence of fire arms, drove
him off with rocks, at the same time denouncing him as a "dog-gon thief."
The first visit I received from the gentry was in the spring of 1865, when a
big fellow whose tracks measured eleven inches, came within fifty yards of
the house in the night, and slaughtered a calf. Being disturbed by my
dogs and men before he had finished his feast he beat a retreat. I tracked
him into Rubio Canyon, where I set a big trap, hanging a part of the calf
on a tree above. He sprung the trap, but escaped only to find his death b)^
eating another piece of the slaughtered calf, which I had loaded with strych-
nine. The following summer I was engaged most of the time building a
dam up in the canyon. In going up mornings I frequently saw the tracks
of a large California Lion, or puma, and on one occasion he waded through
my mortar bed and left the impress of his great foot-prints upon many a
boulder, from which I concluded he was a big fellow. One morning later I
went to the creek to get a bucket of water. A Mexican boy accompanied
me. It was very warm and we sat on the edge of the stream close to a big

122 HISTORY OF PASADRNA.

clump of bushes and slaked our thirst from the clear, beautiful stream. A
few moments elapsed when the Mexican, who sat next to the bush, sud-
denly jumped up, and turning around, exclaimed " What animal is that ?"
I had also risen to my feet, and turning, saw within reach of a buggy whip,
the biggest lion I have ever seen. He did not seem a bit scared, and walked
off leisurely, keeping his head turned so that he could watch us. I had
nothing but a tin cup to defend myself with in the event he had felt aggres-
sive. I even held my hands behind me to convince him I was a non-com-
batant. But this interview did not end our acquaintance. Some days later
one of my gentle driving horses was missing, and after a brief search, I
found her not far from where the Allen house now stands, dead — the bod}'
still warm. There were evidences in the disturbed earth around that there
had been a violent struggle. He had evidently sprung upon her while
sleeping, sunk his teeth in her flank, and never relaxed his hold until she
surrendered. There was no question as to the cause of her death ; for the
lion, as is their custom, had dragged up grass and rubbish in an attempt to
cover up the carcass. Knowing full well that he would return at night to
finish his feast, I sea.soned the body with strychnine. He did not come
back but once. I saw no more of his tracks in the canyon ; and six months
afterward one of my boys discovered his carcass about a half mile distant
from where he took his last supper.

The next year I had quite a lot of hogs and a litter of fine shoats that
I kept in a pen not far from the house, and they began to disappear one by
one. Of course I knew pretty well where they had gone ; and considering
them an insecure piece of propert}' in that region, I disposed of all but one
fine, fat animal that I had reserved to put into ham and sausage about
Christmas time. I had thought that as she would weigh about 250 or 300
pounds, she would be too much of a load for the wild animals to pack awa^',
and was therefore safe. I reckoned without my host, for one morning she
was gone and had not even given a squeal.

I learned from some Mexican wood choppers about that time that there
was a she-lion with hvo cubs living in one of the deep ravines that lead up to
where the Sierra Madre Villa Hotel now stands. After cleaning me out of
ray hog-meat, she turned her attention to horse-flesh, first killing a colt, and
afterward a lame mule belonging to Mr. Wilson. She also caught one of
my horses and wounded three of his legs, but he was young and strong and
escaped from her. I finall}' disposed of her by dosing that dead mule's
carcass with strychnine.

That was about the last of bear and lion on the ranch, unless I mention
a laughable incident which occurred about 1870. A man by the name of
Orr had a bee ranch on what is now the Elms place, aliove Altadena.
Absenting himself for awhile from home, he found on his return that bears
liad been there and upset eleven stands of bees, robbing them of all the
honey. Hot for revenge, he went over to old man Seabury's (now Kinneloa)
and got the old gent to go with him and kill the thieves. They hunted
three or four days through the mountains, and finally returned worn out,
and slept at Orr's ranch. That same night the bears came in .silently and
helped themselves to the contents of three more stands, and retired without
alarming the hunters. This impudent behavior so disgusted Orr that he
abandoned the place and never returned.

One year after my vineyard commenced bearing, the bears ate off" all the
grapes from a remote corner of it. The coyotes were formerly abundant

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 23

here, and were also destructive on the grape crop. Mr. Wilson once told
me that discovering that the ranch abounded in jack-rabbits, he bred a lot
of gray-hounds, and anticipated great sport in the chase ; but he had no
sooner got his dogs ready than the eagles discovered the game, gathered
about and caught the jacks in such numbers that they were greatly thinned
out, and the sport was spoiled.

Along the base of the mountains rattlesnakes were quite plentiful, but
they do not increase rapidly and soon disappear upon occupation and culture
of the territory. The first year at "Fair Oaks" I killed eleven, three of
them having eleven rattles each. Every year the number killed became
less, and the last year we encountered but one, and he a little fellow with
but one rattle.

Of tarantulas, scorpions and centipedes there were enough for familj-
use, but as they are harmless, they are only proper subjects for natural
history. I have never known any one injured by them.

HOW "a CASS OF asthma" DECIDED THE LOCATION OF PASADENA.

Judge Eaton furnishes the following graphic account of D. M. Berry's
first night at his house, and how it proved the turning point which led ulti-
mately to the settlement of Pasadena — a story now for the first time told in
print. Also a sketchy narrative of the beginnings of colony work :

Dr. Griffin wishing to dispose of his remaining interest in Rancho San
Pasqual, for two years I made a business of bringing out prospective buyers,
but met with no one who could see anything in it. At last, happening into
a real estate office in Los Angeles, I was introduced to a slender, pale, weak-
looking, round-shouldered man, with a stove-pipe hat, and other character-
istic features that proclaimed him a "tender-foot." He told me that he was
one of a pioneer committee of three who were in search of a tract of land on
which to establish a colony of " Hoosiers," already organized in Indian-
apolis. I invited him to go out home with me. ^^ * * It was a long,
dry and dusty drive to my home, and the ranch, which had been pastured
very closely with sheep, showed not a vestige of green. Arriving at Fair
Oaks about sundown a different scene greeted his eyes. Broad live oaks
surrounded the little cottage, affording a grateful shade, and in front a vine-
yard of 60,000 vines presented a sea of verdure. On either side of the
house were groves of orange, lemon and lime trees. The following morning
he looked two inches taller, and upon my asking him how he rested, he
straightened up, and striking himself heroically upon the breast replied,
" Gloriously ! Do you know, sir, that last night is the first night in three
years that I have remained in bed all night ? ' '

" Why so? " I inquired. "Don't you go to bed and sleep nights, like
a good Christian ? ' '

" Yes, I go to bed all right, but by midnight I am obliged to get up and
sit in a chair until morning, for I can't breathe lying down,"

This circumstance has led me to remark sometimes, "that it was a case
of asthma that determined the location of the Indiana Colony."

I kept Mr. D. M. Berry, for my guest was none other, for two or three
days, during which I drove him around the neighboring country. I showed
him the waters of the various springs in the Arroyo ; and knowing well the
topograph}^ of the countr)^ I explained to him how the waters could be

124

HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

brought out and distributed over the plains. Then we visited Wilson's and
Rose's to see places that had been improved long before I broke ground on
my place.

Mr. Berry was so certain that he had found the desired spot that he
immediately sent back a description of the property and what it would cost.
Negotiations began, and steps were taken for a partition of interests between
Wilson and Griffin, the former not wishing to dispose of his. It was three
months before a satisfactory partition was effected. Meanwhile the Indiana
Colony Association failed ; but those who had embarked in it were determined
not to give it up, and commenced immediately to canvass the city of L,os
Angeles to fill the places of the delinquent subscribers. Their efforts were
crowned with success, and a new organization was formed and incorporated
under the name of the " San Gabriel Orange Grove Association." Messrs.
Porter, Green, W. T. Clapp, Barcus, Mundell, Bristol and Col. Banbury
were Los Angeles recruits. In the meantime the partition of the Griffin
and Wilson interest was completed, and about 4,000 acres were allotted to
Dr. Griffin, who sold it to the colony, and the balance, 1,600 acres, to B. D.
Wilson. [Wilson's allotment included the original water ditch from Devil's
Gate. -Ed.]

HOW THE COLONY WORK COMMENCED.

One of the first acts of the Board of Directors was to appoint a com-
mittee consisting of Messrs, A. O. Porter, Calvin Fletcher, and B. S. Eaton
to superintend the subdivision of the lands and devise the construction of
water-works. At the first meeting of the committee, business opened about
this way : Mr. Fletcher stated that he had had a good deal of experience
in laying out towns, planning streets, etc., and if it was agreeable to the
other members of the committee he would take charge of that part of the
business, and direct our engineer in his work. "But," he added, "Judge,
you will have to look out for the distribution of the water, for I don't know
anything about that."

Mr. Porter, in his modest, conservative manner, said, "I know a little
something about land, and a little something about water, for I owned a
grist mill once. But I am satisfied with your arrangement, and I will act as
umpire ; and if I see you going astray will call you off." Accordingly this
was the understanding, and each one set about his special task.

Mr. Fletcher was a thorough-going energetic man, and he immediately
commenced planning for a convenient and equitable subdivision. He trav-
eled on foot from one side of the 1,500 acres which was to be subdivided to
the other, and from end to end, studying the topography and the general
features of the tract, and in his own judgment determining the character
and value of the lands. He so contrived the laying off of lots that one-
share stockholders (fifteen acres) had the same chance of obtaining desirable
situations and good lands as those who represented twelve shares (180
acres). This obviated a difficulty which had very much perplexed the
company — that was, how were selections to be made so that all would be
satisfied ?

At a meeting one Saturday night, our engineer announced that his sur-
vey was completed — all the lots — (100 of them) — were staked off and num-
bered. Several of the sul)scribers were living in a temporary way in L,os
Angeles with their families and were impatient to get onto their newly ac-
quired lands. But how were they to be assigned — that was the momentous

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 25

question. Histories of other colonies were ransacked for precedents and
methods of division. Several were suggested, only to be voted down. Ar-
guments waxed warm, and a trifle of acerbity was creeping in, when the
chair [Judge Eaton himself. — Kd,] proposed that every stockholder appear
on the ground at an appointed time and we would have a sham fight over
the business.

This was apparently showing levity about a serious matter, and was
promptly opposed, for the reason that it would probably end in a row, and
we would be no nearer an amicable settlement of the question than we were
now. Mr. Fletcher had sat back in a corner listening. He was one of the
largest stockholders. It was nearing midnight and all were anxious to get
away, yet nothing had been accomplished. Finally Mr. Fletcher arose and
said, "Gentlemen, as we have not succeeded in adopting any of the plans
proposed, suppose that we try the suggestion made by the chair, and all go
out there and see how many of us can get just the spot we want. I would
suggest that next Tuesday — that will give us one day to look over the
ground — we all meet at the foot of what I have named Orange Grove Av-
enue, and try and settle this matter to everybody's satisfaction." That
proposition was adopted, and we met as proposed.

It was as lovely a day in the month of January (27th) as a California
sun ever shone upon. Early rains had fallen and the hills were dressed in
living green, while the earth was a carpet of flowers of every hue. By ten
o'clock people began to arrive. Men with their wives and children, men
with their sweethearts and men without them, and not a few of the neigh-
boring settlers attended, as they said " to see the fun." Everybody was
happy, surrounded as they were by everything beautiful in nature,

I was then living at "Fair Oaks," but was taking as much, if not
more interest in the establishment of the colony than in my personal affairs.
As I came in sight of the grounds I saw men on horseback, men in buggies,
and men on foot rushing from one side of the plain to the other, occas-
ionally stopping to note the number of some lot that they thought might be
desirable. When I alighted at the ground where the group had gathered,
joy and pleasure beamed in every face, and I deemed it an auspicious omen.
The children scattered about gathering flowers and full of mirth, lent cheer-
fulness to the scene. Bountiful lunch baskets were brought out, and every-
body seemed disposed to a merry-making time. After lunch, which the
ladies had provided in the most liberal style, the men began sauntering
along in twos and fours and squads toward the point where the Orange
Grove reservoir is located, as this afforded the best outlook over the tract to
be divided. When all had gathered there the President directed Secretary
Berry to call the roll of subscribers, and requested those stockholders present
to announce, when their names were called, the number of the lot or lots
they would prefer. (The committee on subdivision [Porter, Fletcher and
Eaton] had agreed that they would make no selections themselves until all
the others had chosen, and they represented twenty-eight out of the 100
shares.) There had been some apprehension felt by the small shareholders
that they would be crowded out into some corner, or be obliged to take
what was left after the ' ' heavy men ' ' had made their selections. Mr.
Fletcher, knowing what was apprehended, had cut some of the most de-
sirable sections of the tract into one-share and two-share lots, and the one-
share men were called on to select first. After things had proceeded in this
way for a time, the secretary was requested to call the names of some of the

126 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

absent stockholders, and if any one present represented them they were
called on to make their choice. In about twenty minutes the whole busi-
ness was settled without a clash, and every man had secured just what he
wanted. Everybody seemed happy and a general love feast ensued. [For
names of members and lots chosen, see page io8.]

Mr. ly. H. Titus, a neighbor who had been an interested witness of the
whole affair, remarked, " Let me tell you. Judge, this colony is going to be
a success. When I .see men act as they have today success will surely fol-
low." How well that prophesy has been verified the Pasadena of 1894 can
testify.

PUZZLES ON MR. FLETCHER.

Mr. Fletcher strove hard to preserve some of the old landmarks on the
ranch. He laid off Orange Grove Avenue so as to save two noble oaks,
which stand today as mementoes of his careful labors. But he was perfectly
at sea about how the levels run in this country. He was so positive that
water would run toward the mountains that he spent one of the rainiest
days I ever saw in California, wandering over the ranch to see which way
the water would actually run in a flood. On his first visit to the ranch I
had taken him onto the hill where the Orange Grove reservoir is now lo-
cated, and explained that that was the spot from which the waters would
be distributed over the colony lands.

" But where is its source ?" he asked.

"Yonder, where that spur comes down into the Arroyo from the west,"
said I, pointing to " Devil's Gate."

" And do you pretend to say that water will flow from there up here ?"

"No, sir, it will flow from there down here, with a fall of sixty-two
feet."

"Judge," he replied, in a half-doubting tone, "I s' po.se you know;
but I am a railroad builder, and if I wanted to run a line of road between
these two points I would bring my engineer right onto this spot and tell
him he must wind around and try to get dowyi to that place the best way he
could."

California took him at a disadvantage when he went to measuring lands
with his eye ; for on the .same occasion and from the same standpoint he in-
quired, " Where are the 1,300 acres situated that we got in the deal ?"

I well knew what inspired the inquiry ; for before he started for Cali-
fornia, and while negotiations were pending, .some malicious fellow wrote
an anonymous letter to Indianapolis, telling the colonists that their pioneer
committee was being imposed upon, or had entered into a con.spiracy with
the owners of the ranch, and were bribing the surveyors to make false sur-
veys and give enlarged areas ; in fact, that the Indianians were being
swindled. This caused some trouble for a while ; but as there was no foun-
dation whatever for such a story, things came around all right. In reply to
his question I pointed out to him a strip along the base of the mountain,
bordered on the south by a dark line representing the Monks ditch.

" Why, Judge," says Fletcher, "I can take a couple of yoke of In-
diana 4-year-old steers and plow up your 1,300 acres in a week."

I made no reply, but bided my time. Soon after that, Fletcher, Berry
and my.self drove over the 1,300-acre tract to the west end, next to the Ar-
royo Seco. Fletcher alighted, and began kicking up the dust and examin-
ing the soil, as was his custom. Giving Berry a significant wink, I said.

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL.

127

"Let's go over to the southeast corner and see if we can find that stake
which Reynolds said he had driven there."

"Goon! go on !" says Fletcher ; "I'll walk."

We drove over to the stake. It was a very warm day ; and after we
had waited an hour, Mr. Fletcher, who carried a good deal of extra flesh,
came up with his coat off, puffing and wiping the perspiration from his
cheeks, and exclaimed, " Gentlemen, iVs all here ! il' s all here /"

/r/i

JUDGE B. S. EATON, 1895.
See foot-note, page ]2S.

" You won't plow it up, then, in a week with your Hoosier steers !" I
said, laughing".

" Well ! well !" he answered, " who ever saw a country so deceiving in
its appearances !"

At another time the same party were coming up the Arroyo Seco
road from lyOS Angeles, when Fletcher, who was always inclined to chaff

128 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA.

Berry, good naturedly said to him, " Berry, you will never be able to make
a corner on sand and boulders in your settlement, as you and Elliott used to
make on corn and wheat back East."

When our local paper noticed the fact that this same sand and boulders
of which he had spoken so derisively was worth twenty-five cents per load,
"as it lay," Mr. Fletcher was reminded of his little joke by the report of
the totally unexpected rise in the value of these waste-land commodities.*

E. W. GIDDINGS.

Our families consisted of E. W. Giddingsand wife, with their children,
married and unmarried, as follows : Oldest daughter Elsie, and her hus-
band E. H. Royce, with their daughters Jennie and Florence Roycc. Eugene
IV. Giddings ; Mary, and her husband Calvin Hartwell. Laura Giddings,
J. Reed Giddings, Jr., and Grotius L. Giddings.

We all came with our own teams from Sacramento, and arrived at Pasa-
dena November 4, 1874. We did the breaking or first plowing on much of
the colony land ; but finally settled on the bench of land at mouth of Mil-
lard canyon, commonly called " Giddings Heights, "f

As to wild game, I have taken all sorts, from rabbits or quail to grizzly
bears. I have always kept hounds — have six on the ranch now, and
scarcely a week passes that I don't get at least one or two foxes. Once I
was hunting near Devil's Gate, when my hound treed four big wildcats in
one tree. I shot two of them ; the third one jumped and the dog grabbed
him — then the fourth one sprang on the dog, but he never let loose his grip.
One got away after being wounded, but " Cash," the dog, and I got three
to carry home as trophies — though he was laid up for some time with the
bites and scratches the cats gave him. This was the same dog with which
I got thirty-seven deer within two miles of home, one year. Once I shot a
young buck ; he fell, and I ran to him, laid down my gun and grasped his

*From a biography of Judge Katon prepared by Mrs. Carr for the I<os ."ingeles Co. Historical So-
ciety, I gather a few main poiuts, as follows : Benj. S. Katon— born December 20, 1823. at Plaiufield.
Conn. Hoth of his grandfathers were soldiers in the revolutionary war ; and his father was in command
of Fort Trumbull in the war of 1S12. Young Benjamin taught district school in Southbridge, Conn ,
and Oxford, Mass. Studied law at Newbury, N. Y., and Ellington, Conn. Graduated from Harvard
I^aw School in July, 1846 In spring of 1S47 was married at Liberty, Missouri, to Miss Helen Hayes of
Baltimore, Md., sister to Benjamin Hayes who afterward served twelve years as Judge of Los Angeles
county, Cal. In 1847-48 published a newspaper at Weston, Mo. In 1850 came to California with ox teams
7>ia Salt Lake to Sacramento, and engaged in newspaper work. In iSsi went gold digging. In 1852
came to Los Angeles because his brother-in-law. Judge Hayes, was living there. In 1S53 was elected
District Attorney. [See Chapter 11 for list of public offices "held by him.] In December this year his
family came here 7'/a Isthmus of Panama. In December, 1S58, he came onto Rancho San Pasqiial with
livestock. In May, 1859, his wife died in Los Angeles. In 1S60 he went back overland to Plainfield,
Cont\., to visit his mother, then eighty-four years old. In Kebrriary, 1861, was married to Miss Alice
Taylor Clarke, at Plainfield. and returned to Los Angeles about May ist. In February, 1865, settled at
Fair Oaks, on Rancho San Pasqual ; hut while residing here was employed in superintending construc-
tion of ditches, flumes, canals, reservoirs for supplying water to the hill portions of Los Angeles. His
work on the Rancho, and his part in the original colony settlement are given elsewliere. State Engineer
Wm. H. Hall, in his official report for 18S8, p, 502. says: "The Orange Grove Association's original
works, planned and carried out under the supervision of Hon. B. S. I'aton, were the first constructed in
Southern California wherein water was conducted and distributed for general horticultural irrigation by
means of iron pipes and under pressure." [This is a mistake, for B. D. Wilson and J. De Barth Shorb
had done the same thing at .'Mhambra two years earlier. — Er>.]

tl,. W. Giddings died September 23, iSgi ; and the Daily S/ar of next day said : "He had been
sick about a year. He is of a historic family, being a nephew of the great abolitioni,st, Joshua R. Gid-
dings. He was born in Ashtabula county, Ohio, sixty five years ago last June ; and seventeen years ago
he came to Pasadena, settling on the mesa near the foot of the mountains, whence he was only removed
two and a half months ago to lEHis street in this city for convenience of treatment "

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 29

fore foot to bleed him — then he jumped up and started down the canyon, I
holding on with all my might, and for about a hundred feet on the slope
there was a mixed up mess of deer and man, each on top by turns. How-
ever, I finally triumphed, and had venison for supper ; but ever after that I

COJ?RECTIori SIiIP [to face page 128].

On page 12S, 6th and 7th lines from bottom [footnotes] there is an editorial note in brackets
at which Judge Eaton felt aggrieved, and thought it erroneous, and also unjust toward him upon
a matter in which he had taken a good deal of pride. Hence I "rise to explain." Now, that
"Note" was based on what I had written, as printed on pages 336-37, about B. D. Wilson's ope-
rations at Alhambra, upon information gatiiered from Mr. and Mrs. Shorb, and from Mr. Wilson's
MSS autobiography, and from his step-son, E. S. Hereford, Esq., of San Gabriel. Mr. Wilson
knew of Shorb having iron-piped water from a canyon at Camulos in 1S64 to supply the boiler for
his steam engine, and then extending it to his house for domestic uses and also to irrigate the
trees, flowers and shrubbery growing there; and it was because he fully believed the same thing
could be profitably done on a large scale that he ventured to buy in 1871 the waterless and worthless
block of school lands now called Alhambra. His plan and purpose to pipe water onto that land
was talked over and well understood in the family when the purchase was made; but on account
of various other large enterprises in which Mr. Wilson was then engaged, the subdividing and
water-piping project was not carried out until two or three years later, although I had understood
at first that it was done within a year or so after the ]nirchase of the land, and hence so wrote in
1894. Bui now, October 21, 1895, I learn from J. F. Holbrook of Los Angeles that in 1S73 ^^^
firm of Miles & Holbrook made a lot of riveted sheet-iron piping for Dr. John S. Grififin and piped
water under ground from two large elevated pump-tanks to irrigate a ten-acre orange orchard, the
same land now known as the Schieffelin Tract in East Los Angeles. Then in the spring and
summer of 1874 they furnished the same sort of pipe for the W(jrk that Judge Eaton was superin-
tending in the "Indiana Colony." And also at the same time they were laying the same sort of
pipe for B. D. Wilson, to convey water from Mission Canyon near the old distillery to irrigate his
large Lake Vineyard orange orchard; then the next year they extended this piping on down to the
Alhambra Tract. I find in county records that the original Alhambra Tract was surveyed and
platted by G. Hansen, in June, 1874. Mr. James M. Tiernan, business manager of The Cap-
ital [a weekly newspaper at Los Angeles] assisted as chainman on this survey, and has kindly
aided me in these special investigations.

ADDITIONAL ERRATA: discovered after those given on page 675 were printed.

Page 338, 2d line from bottom: 1884 should be 1894.

Page 408, iSth line from bottom: "northwestwardly" should be northeastwardly.

Page 416, 3d fine from bottom: 1886 should be 1876.

Page 610, 4th line below the plate of illustrations: "stages of division" should read, stages of
germination.

SM" Each purchaser is requested to mark at the proper place in his own copy the corrections
noted here, and also those on page 675, so that the errors shall not be quoted, nor stand to mis-
lead any one. There are doubtless other misprints in the book which I have not yet detected.

The general Index, pages 1 1 to 16, contains 963 page references.

The Floral Index, pages 647 to 649, contains 709 page references.

The street Map, at page 16, contains 310 references by figures and letters.

The bird's-eye Map, at page 410, contains 80 references by numbers.

The plant names commencing with O were accidentally omitted from the Floral Index, at
page 648, and I give them here:

Oak 63I CEnothera 638 Opuntia 6 '7 Oscillaria 609

Oats 628 Oidium 617 Orchids 631 Osmorrhiza 636

CEdogonium 612 Omphalia 620 Orthocarpus 642 Oxalis 635

CEnanthe 636 Ophiobolus 613 Orthotrichum 626 Oyster-mushroom 620

128 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Berry, good naturedly said to him, " Berry, you will never be able to make
a corner on sand and boulders in your settlement, as you and Elliott used to
make on corn and wheat back East."

When our local paper noticed the fact that this same sand and boulders
of which he had spoken so derisively was worth twenty-five cents per load,

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 29

fore foot to bleed him— then he jumped up and started down the canyon, I
holding on with all my might, and for about a hundred feet on the slope
there was a mixed up mess of deer and man, each on top by turns. How-
ever, I finally triumphed, and had venison for supper ; but ever after that I
made sure that the game was dead before venturing too near.

On Thanksgiving Day, 1878, my brothers Reed and Grotius and I went
hunting up the canyon; and espying an eagle, we followed it and, after a
hard climb and lots of work, succeeded in killing it. His tip feathers meas-
ured nearly twenty-four inches, and the total spread of wings was ten feet
three inches.* We left the body where we killed it, for it was too heavy to
carry home. The place was the mountain wall on eastern side of Punch-
bowl canyon, a branch of Millard canyon which comes in from the north,
half a mile above Millard Falls.

A PASADENA GRIZZLY BEAR.

During the winter of 1879 80, bears kept robbing our bee stands, a lot
of which we had in the opening now called Klms's Canyon. One night in
January or February I had a howling toothache and couldn't sleep, so I told
the boys I would go over to the apiary and "kill a bear for them." They
were too sleepy to go. Before I got started of course the tooth stopped
aching ; but I wouldn't back out then. So I took my old Sharp's musket —
50-70, single shot, and went. About 2 o'clock in the morning, just as the
moon was going out of sight, I heard a noise among the bees and started
out to investigate. Creeping slowly and cautiously along and peering right
and left among the hives, I finally espied a bear beyond one of the tall
hives — and he wasn't a baby, either. I took aim and fired, and over he
tumbled — but was up again in a second, hitting his right shoulder where
the bullet had entered vigorously with his left paw ; and he gave one of the
most terrific barks or grunts I ever heard : it was like the rage and fury
noise of a mad hog and dog combined. Then he spied me, reared on his
hind legs and came toward me. I fired again, this time hitting him in the
left hip. He turned, started off, went about 125 yards and fell dead. The
first shot had passed through his lungs and liver. I didn't find him till
morning. Then four of us carried him up to the road, loaded him into a
wagon and drove down to Pasadena. In a few moments it seemed as if the
whole population of Pasadena was gathered at Williams's store to see the
bear ; and the public school opposite the store was dismissed so the children
could have a chance to see it. The animal measured 7 feet 10 inches from
tip to tip, but only weighed about 500 pounds, for he was very poor — almost
nothing but skin and bones. Some men fancy they could face a bear and
be perfectly calm ; but with a big grizzly within less than thirty feet, coming

*This was not an eagle, but a California condor, the largest bird known in North America No
eagle reaches that dimension. And Reed Giddings tells me that he remembers they were puzzled to
tell what kind of an eagle it was, but finally concluded that it was a " bald eagle." They didn't know
about the condor, and it was perfectly natural that they should think it an eagle of some sort.

130 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

at you, you feel as if your hair all stood up as stiff as hazel brush. It was
less than ten short paces from where the empty shell fell from my shoulder
to where the bear stood when I gave him the second shot. This was the
only genuine " grizzly" killed at Pasadena since the town commenced. I
killed or helped to kill three other bears that same year.

As to Indian relics, I have found no stone axes nor arrow heads, but
have found old mortars [metates] and pestles [mealing stones] — small ones,
only 3x5 inches, and larger round ones 6 to 7 inches through, or mostly
about 5 inches long, i ^ inches thick and 3 inches wide ; also some 6 to 7
inches through, round, and about 2 inches thick. All show extreme age, and
were from 2 to 15 inches below the surface. The mortars are nearly all
worn through. They were found mostly on the banks of the Arroyo
or Millard creek. [See page 49.]

D. M. GRAHAM.

By Mrs. Graham : We came to Pasadena in October, 1876, with our
own conveyance from Anaheim, but were originally from Bloomington, 111.
We boarded at Mrs. Locke's for awhile, then rented a part of Mr. Cooley's
cottage ; but built our own house in 1877. The first crop we raised was
strawberries. My sister, Jennie E. Collier, was with us. Pasadena was
just getting a postoffice ; and Mr. Graham had a two-horse carriage and
wanted to drive out every day for his health anyway ; so he took the con-
tract and became the first mail-carrier from Los Angeles to Pasadena, doing
also a passenger and package business at the same time. [See " Story of
the Postoffice," Chap. II.]

A. K. m' QUILLING.

Came to Pasadena with my family in July, 1875, from Mercer County,
111. Came by railroad to Sacramento, then to San Francisco and San Pedro
by steamer. The first man we met in Pasadena was A. O. Porter, who was
irrigating a bed of orange seed, on Orange Grove Avenue. We first lodged
in D. M. Berry's house. Our fuel was procured from wood lots in the
Arroyo. I bought ten acres in the Berry & Elliott tract on Colorado street,
where Pasadena Avenue and Kansas [Green] street are now. Hauled lumber
from Los Angeles and built a house there. My first Crop was corn. Asi to
snow, hail, destructive wind storms, excessive rains, and drouth, we have
had them all ; but came through them in good shape.

HORATIO N. RUST.

My family came from Chicago to Pasadena by Southern Pacific railroad,
arriving here January 23, 1882. The party consisted of my.self and wife,
our son, Frank N. Rust and wife ; our children, Nellie F., Edward H., and
Elizabeth E. Rust, and Ernest H. Lockwood. We first met here Wm. T.
Clapp, and obtained lodgings at his house and Thomas Nelmes's (the boys

DIVISION TWO — COI^ONIAL. I31

lodging in Mr. Clapp's barn), until we could prepare a shelter on my own
land. I purchased the last piece of colony land on Monterey road (the same
where I now reside), paying $80 per acre. We all worked, and home-
making improvements went on rapidly.

[Mr. Rust was a member of the board of directors of the public library,
from its beginning as a colony blossom down to the time when it was trans-
ferred to the city as one of the municipal institutions. See full account in
Chapter 10.]

Being commissioner of immigration for Southern California, I originated
and helped carry through the first Citrus Exhibit sent from here to Chicago.
This was in 1886, and gave our navel orange a prominence in Eastern
markets which it never had before. Again, in September, 1887, I was gen-
eral superintendent of the Southern California Horticultural Exhibit, at
Armory Hall, St. Louis.

Indian Relics. — I brought with me to Pasadena a collection of prehis-
toric and modern Indian relics which I had been gathering ever since my
boyhood from many states and territories, besides Canada and Mexico ;
and I soon began collecting specimens of the same sort in Pasadena and
vicinity. I also made the first special art-collections of Indian baskets in
Southern California. And my archaeological collections formed a prominent
feature of the first Art-Eoan Exhibition, held for the benefit of the public
library in 1884. In 1890-91-92 I was United States Indian Agent, under
President Harrison's administration. In 1892 my archaeological collection
was purchased by Frank G. Logan of Chicago, and I exhibited it for him at
the World's Columbian Exposition, 1893, being myself a member and secre-
tary of the board of judges for the Ethnological Department there. Mr.
Logan finally donated the entire collection to Beloit College, Wisconsin,
where it is now carefully preserved.

JOSEPH WALLACE.

Arrived in Pasadena in June, 1875, coming by rail and stage from
Titsanburg, Ontario, Canada. The first resident we met here was Mrs. Dr.
Elliott, and we boarded with their family at first.

[This is all that Mr. Wallace gave of his "old settler" experience.
But his good work for the colony will be found in the historic sketch of his
pioneer cannery enterprise, Chapter 24. — Ed.]

p. G. WOOSTER.
Late in April, 1875, I came down the coast from San Francisco to Santa
Monica. Some thought that place was to be the great city and shipping
port for the Los Angeles and San Gabriel valleys. From Santa Monica to
Los Angeles I came by the "old Independence Railroad. Stopped at the
United States hotel for a while, but soon took a room at Dr. McKee's
cottage, corner Third and Fort street (now Broadway). I must have looked

132 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

and acted very sick ; for as I walked about the streets of the city I over-
heard such remarks as these : " There's another poor consumptive. He's
come out here to die. He's too far gone. This climate won't do him any
good. He'd better have staid at home with his friends," etc., etc. One
said, " He ought to drink buttermilk; that will cure him. When I came
here I had the consumption ; and I drank buttermilk and it cured me." I
looked at the fellow, and thought him a pretty poor specimen to be sent
back East as an advertisement of this country — for his cheeks were sunken
like the hollows on a New England coast map, and his eyes looked like
buttons in a washtub. Seeing things thus, I decided not to diet on butter-
milk.

In May I got acquainted with surveyor E. T. Wright of Eos Angeles.
He invited me one day to ride with him out to the " Indiana Colony." We
went by the Arroyo road. On what is now called Highland Park, and near
the Arroyo where the Potts residence now stands, there was a low old adobe
building — a relic of the old Spanish or Mexican days ; and Wright told
me, with solemn tone and countenance, that the man living in that house
had killed six men, and was waiting for the seventh to come along. I felt
very uncomfortable till we got well past the place. (We returned to the city
by the east or adobe road, and I was very glad of it.) We reached the
colony settlement at what was called " Porter's Hill," where A. O. Porter
and P. M. Green had pretty cottages — the prettiest in the place, I thought,
because the others were mostly unpainted. At this time there were no
houses on the Eake Vineyard Tract — that is, none east of Fair Oaks
Avenue.

In June I bought lo acres on the Eake Vineyard side at $55 per acre,
less 12 per cent, for cash down — the land where Hotel Green, and the
Santa Fe depot, and the Post Office building, and the Wooster block all now
stand. I came to pitch my tent here July 8, 1875. My lumber, my stove
and other kitchen utensils, mj^ provisions and myself were hauled out from
Eos Angeles by a Mr. Higgins with his 6-horse team that day. I lodged
awhile at Dr. Elliott's, nearly where the Arroyo Vista house (Mrs. Bangs's)
now stands ; then a week or two at Rev. W. C. Mosher's home ; then
moved into my own less than half-completed shanty. While at Mosher's,
and also in my own shanty alone, I suffered terribly and nearly died with
rheumatism. I lived in my shanty several months before I got a roof on it,
for I was too sick to work, and had but little means. But I needed a horse ;
and I bought from a man who had just came from Arizona, an Indian pony,
a fine saddle, bridle and tether, all for $40. The boys called my pony
" Rosinante," after Don Quixote's famous steed. I rigged up for my pony
a two-wheeled cart, the thills of which were fastened to the saddle ; and
when I hauled wood, or water, or anything, I rode in the saddle myself
instead of the cart. The pony was Injin bred and I was Yankee bred, and

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 33

we compromised on this new trick style of express wagon. I wore cowhide
shoes, usually run down at the heel ; a checked cotton shirt ; and blue jeans
pants that were rather short, so that my ankles and cotton socks were
exposed. These were badges of bachhood and wifeless independence. One
day I begged a dog from a shepherd going by with his flock, named him
" Watch," and he stuck to me closer than a brother.

My shanty was one of the very first put up on the Lake Vineyard side.
At the same time old Mr. Hollingsworth built his house ; and Mr. Lowe
built the Roger Plant house on Marengo Avenue ; Mr. Vore built a board
cottage ; and Mrs. R. H. Martin built a board cottage of two or three rooms
on the E. C. Webster place. One moonlight night in the month of July,
1875, I slept in the Martin cottage, with only a grass hammock and a thick
traveling shawl for bedding, and I nearly froze to death before morning.
How the coyotes did howl that night ! and other nights, too, when I
slept in my own shanty there where the big pepper tree is, in front of Hotel
Green. By the way, my wife planted that pepper tree there in 1880.

I came to Southern California for my health. In the East I was much
afflicted with catarrh, and my bronchial tubes were badly clogged. Life
was a burden ; I had no ambition and was not able to work. After coming
here I had a severe siege with rheumatism, then began to improve rapidly
and soon was able to labor hard every day. And have enjoyed pretty good
health ever since.

WHERE THE OLD SETTLERS CAME FROM.
A few months ago a San Francisco paper spoke of Pasadena as a place
'originally settled by a lot of Puritans from New England" — a statement,
widely incorrect, as my following syllabus will show. When an Old
Settlers' Association was talked of, twelve or thirteen years ago, it was
commonly agreed that persons who came here prior to and during the year
1880, should be reckoned as " Old Settlers," anyway, whether later arrivals
were counted in or not ; and upon that basis I have compiled the following
list of names, years and places, both for its own historic interest, and as a
guide list for a Pasadena Pioneer Society which may possibly spring up
some day yet. For convenience of reference I give the names in alphabeti-
cal order rather than the order of successive years, and have marked with
a star tho.se who were members of the original Orange Grove Colony
Association :

PASADENA OLD SETTLERS — 1870 TO 1880.

Allen, Lyman, M. D 1880... Missouri, formerly Ohio.

Allen, Wm 1879... England.

Baker, Edwin 1 874. . . Pennsylvania.

*Baker, John H 1873... Indiana.

Ball, Benjamin F 1878. ..Iowa, formerly Ohio.

*Banbury, Jabez 1874... Iowa.

134 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Banbury, John W 1876... Canada.

Banbury, Thomas 1 874. . .Canada.

Bangs, Mrs. Kmma C 1880... New York State.

*Barcus, Wm. J 1874... Indiana.

Beebe, Jerome 1876... Chicago.

Bell, Charles W 1877. ..New York State.

*Bennett, Henry G 1874... Michigan.

Bennett, Will J 187 5... Michigan.

*Berry, D. M 1873... Indiana.

Bishop, Miss Cynthia M 1876... Vermont.

Blatenburg, James 1877... Iowa.

Brigden, Albert 1877 . . . Chicago.

*Bristol, A. 0 1873. ..Iowa.

Brown, C. C 1879... Michigan.

Bryant, S. D 1876. ..Iowa.

Bryant, H. L, 1876. ..Iowa.

Cambell, James 1877... New York State.

Carr, Ezra S., M. D., etc 1880... New York State.

Case, Cyrus C 1878... Michigan, formerly Maine.

Case, H. R i88o...Massachussets.

Case, Chas. H 1880. ..Maine.

Chapman, Fred E 1880... Illinois.

*Clapp, Wm. T 1873... Massachusetts.

Clapp, Wm. B 18 74... Massachusetts.

Clapp, I. B 1 876... Connecticut.

Clapp, Ed. C 1880... Connecticut.

Clark, Geo. P 1874... Connecticut, formerly Rhode Island.

Cobb, Mrs. Rebecca A 1876... Iowa.

Conger, O. H., M. D 1874... New York State.

Cooley, Walter E i874...Massachussetts.

Craig, James 1869... England.

Crank, James F. 1877... New York State.

*Croft, Thomas F 1873... Indiana.

*Dana, Alfred W i874...Massachussetts.

Dougherty, O. R 1877... Indiana.

Dunsmoor, A. V 1878... Minnesota.

Dunton, Rev. S 1876. ..Iowa.

Dyer, R. B 1876... Connecticut.

*Eaton, Benj. S i858...Mis.souri.

Edwards, Alex 1874... Indiana.

*Elliott, T. B., M. D 1 875... Indiana.

Farnsworth, Rev. R. W. C 1880... Vermont.

*Fletcher, Calvin 1874... Indiana.

Foote, Chas. R 1879... Massachusetts.

Foote, Misses Mary H. and

Catherine E 1879. ..Massachusetts.

Freeman, Wm..? 1880... Wisconsin.

Gano, Peter 1880.. .Ohio.

*Gibson, N. R 1874. ..Indiana.

Giddings, Eevi W 1874. ..Iowa.

Giddings, Grotius E 1874. ...Iowa.

Giddings, Eugene W 1874. ..Iowa.

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 35

Giddings, J. Reed 1874. ..Iowa.

Gilchrist, James D 1879... Chicago.

Gilmore, Mrs. Lucy 1876... Massachusetts.

*Green, Peryr M 1874... Indiana.

Greene, Frank W 1874... Massachusetts.

Goodwin, H. F 1880... Wisconsin.

Hannaford, Wm. S 1880... England.

Harry, Wm 1874... Indiana.

Hart well, John L, 1879. ..Iowa.

Heald, F. H 1878. ..Iowa.

Heydenreich, F. H 1877. ..New York City.

Hollings worth, L,. D 1876... Iowa.

*Holmes, H.J 1874 -1882. ..San Francisco, formerly Michigan.

Hovey, F. M r 8 80... Vermont.

Hurlbut, Edwin F 1875... Chicago.

*Hutton, A. W 1874... Alabama.

Jewett, S. P 1878. ..Ohio.

Kinney, Abbott 1880... Maryland.

*Leavitt, Ward 1879... Indiana.

Legge, Charles 1876. ..Iowa.

"■^Uppincott, T. E 1 874... Philadelphia.

Eocke, Mrs. R. C 1874... Indiana.

^Eockhart, T. J. and E. J 1874... Indiana.

Eord, I. S. P., M. D 1879... Chicago.

Eowe, John 1876. ..Salt Eake City.

Eukens, T. P 1880... Illinois.

Markham, H. H 1879... Wisconsin.

*Matthews, J. M 1874. ..Ohio.

McQuilling, A. K 1875... Illinois.

Meharry, Geo. E 1880... Indiana.

Michener, E. H 1877. ..Iowa.

Millard, Elisha 1875... Indiana.

Mills, A. F 1878. ..Canada.

Mills, John S 1877.. .Canada.

Martin, Mrs. R. H 18 76... Massachusetts. ,

Martin, C. S 1876.. Massachusetts.

Martin, Wm. D i876...Ma.ssachusetts.

Maudlin, Solomon 1878... Iowa.

McEean, Edward 1880... Oakland, Cal., formerly Connecticut.

Mosher, Rev. W. C 18 74... New York State.

*Mundell, I. N 1874. ..Ohio.

Nelson, Joseph A 1876. ..New Orleans,

Ninde, Albert 1877.. Salt Eake City.

Painter, John H 1880.. .Iowa.

*Porter, A. O 1875. ..Indiana.

Printz, Dennis 1876... Iowa.

Raab, David 1870... Illinois.

Rice, B. A 1880... Kansas,

Richardson. Geo. A 1875... Massachusetts.

Ridgway, Harry 1878... Canada.

Riegle, Henry H 1879... New York State.

Ripley, C. B 1876. ..Maine.

136 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Rosenbaiitn, M 1874. ..Iowa, formerly Germany.

Ross, John 1 880. . . Canada.

Ross, Jas. W 1880.. .Canada.

Shaw, Samuel J 1879. ..Iowa.

Skillen, C. M 1880.. .Ohio.

Smith, James 1878... Glasgow, Scotland.

*Strickland, Ney 18 74... Georgia,

Swan, Wm. 0 1877... Boston, Mass.

Swan, W. O., Jr ....1877... Boston, Mass.

Swan, Chas. W 1877... Boston, Mass.

Townsend, David 1 876. . . Iowa.

Townsend, Stephen 1876. ..Iowa.

Townsend, David, Jr 1876. ..Iowa.

Townsend, Will H 1876. ..Iowa.

Turner, Edson 1875... Illinois.

*Vawter, Mrs. C. A 1874... Indiana.

*Vawter, E. J 1874. ..Indiana.

Wallace, Joseph 1875... Canada.

Washburn ,S 1874... Iowa .

Watson, Wm. G 1876... England.

Watts, Chas. H 1874.. Chicago.

Weight, M. H 1876. ..Salt Eake City.

Weingarth, Mrs. Sarah A 1879... Indiana.

Williams, Romayne 1877... New York State.

Wilson, John W 1 871... Mississippi.

Wilson, Jo.seph M 1 871... Mississippi.

Wilson, John B 1 871... Mississippi.

Wooster, P. G 1875... Boston, formerly Maine.

*Yarnell, Jesse 1874. ..Ohio.

The first Directory of Pasadena ever published gave names and former
home of all permanent residents of the place, up to May i, 1S83 ; and the
following summary shows from what diverse portions of our own and other
countries these people had gathered to form an ideal and polyethnic settle-
ment (Chinamen not counted) at this " crown of the valley ":

From Iowa 62, Illinois 29, Massachusetts 26, Indiana 18, N. Y. State
17, Missouri 11, Canada 11, Ohio 9, England 9, California 8, Connecticut 7,
Minnesota 6, Wisconsin 6, Maine 5, Michigan 5, Pennsylvania 5, Vermont
5, Colorado 3, Kansas 3, Mi.s.sissippi 3, Utah 3, Germany 3, Scotland 3,
Nebraska 2, Arkansas i, Delaware i, Louisiana i, Maryland i, Montana i,
Rhode Island i, Texas i, Washington Territorj^ i, Manitoba i. New Bruns-
wick I, Sweden i. These represent about 200 families, not counting bach-
elors.

The twenty-seven members of the original colony association stood
thus : From Alaliama i [Judge A. W. Hutton now of Los Angeles], from
Georgia i, Indiana 14, Iowa 2, Massachusetts 2, Michigan 2, Missouri i,
Ohio 3, Pennsylvani i — total, 27.

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 137

CHAPTER VII.

Fun in the Colony. — A witty newspaper, The Reservoir. — Some Dog-gerel poetry. —
Grasshopper Talk. — The Preacher, and Wilson's wine. — Stage talent in the col-
ony.— Baker's Bear. — The "Nine Nobby Niggers." — Who killed Jesse Lee? — Col.
Banbury's Deer. — The "rifle team" saw a bear. — Rabbit Hunts.

FUN IN THE COLONY.

The first colony settlers of Pasadena were very largely of the class who
keep school-houses and churches in the foreground wherever they go, yet
they were neither morose nor long-visaged people. The spirit of fun and fun-
making cropped out very .soon, even amidst the most arduous cares and
labors of their pioneer life. D. M. Berry was notably a joker ; Calvin
Fletcher had a keen vein of humor ; Judge Eaton could see the ludicrous
side of a thing, and laugh as easily as any one ; and in fact the American
tendency of the age to give serious things a humorous turn was not at all
lacking in this .sober and very earnest community. But the first distinctive
historic manifestation of this spirit is found in the first number of The Res-
ervoir, Pasadena's first newspaper.

THE FIRST NEWSPAPER.

This was a pen-and-ink paper, prepared by Arthur H. Day, and read
before the literary .societj- in the up-and-down board shant)^ school-house of
the colony, December 28, 1876, It was entitled "The Reservoir"; and
the following extracts from the leading editorial article will serve to show
the spicy flavor of the entire first number. The editor says :

' ' To carefully conserve the results of this experiment we have prepared
this ' Reservoir,' small in size to be sure, and plain in construction, but we
do not assess you for its making, and its water is free.

' ' That an undercurrent of literary genius does exist in this fertile ranch
has been satisfactorily proved — not artesian in its nature, forcing a profuse
current into the upper atmosphere ; neither, on the other hand, has one to
bore severely for results. A judicious removal of the upper crust of modesty
and excuses will give rise to many a gentle flow.

"As your appointed 'zanjero,' having filled the 'Reservoir,' we con-
tinue our official duties by apportioning its contents out to you. This is
' service- water ' only, and only yotir .small pipes are to be used — large ones
we could not fill, and you will only be disappointed if you prepare to receive
our eff"usions in that way. You may complain of lack of head, and that
feature we acknowledge and justify — a part of a tale,'^''- at least will appear."

Under the head of " Foreign Correspondence," the following humorous
and witty ' ' letter from London ' ' was given :

London, December 25, A. D. 2000.

Most Venerable Doctor Day — The High and Mighty Editor of the
' ' Reservoir " : In looking over the mouldy archives of the past I came

*This "tale" refers to a story entitled, "Perdita," written by Mrs. Margaret Collier Graham,
which was commenced in "The Reservoir" and afterward completed by Mrs. Graham and published in
The Argonaut at San Francisco. And also in a volume of her writings issued in 1894.

138 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

across an account of a settlement of a city in California named "Pasadena."
Said city was founded in the year of grace 1873, by some devout pilgrims
from the country of Indiana and other Indian countries of North America,
because the stock of quinine on which they lived and moved and had their
being had become exhausted. * * * The land was appointed to the
pilgrims by choice, and all fell to work to develop some pet hobby. Among
the first settlers were found the names of Porter, Green, Croft, Bennett,
Barcus, Elliott, Rosenbaum, Clapp, Newton, lyocke, Banbury, Berry,
Conger, Cooley, Mundell, Watts, Bristol, Washburn — these ancient names
indicating distinguished tribes to which they belonged. * * * In time
the people extended all over the great valley of San Gabriel, but the original
settlement of Pasadena remained the center of attraction and a sacred place
to all the descendants. And now in all parts of that beautiful place are
conspicuous monuments to the memory of the pioneers, with characteristic
inscriptions.

To the memory of Green there is a tablet with a copy of Blackstone
and Whateley's Logic and Rhetoric, with an orange grove in the distance.

In the memory of Porter is a marble shaft with a bust of John Wesley
and a Methodist church surrounded by orange trees in bas-relief on the
pedestal.

On the monument to Croft was a span of mules driven at full speed by
himself and carrying a load of provisions and .some books of music and
poetry — all for the benefit of some family in distress.*

Over the ashes of Bennett rose a monument representing two bachelors
cooking Christmas turke}^ and labeled "Par nobile fratrum, Ann Arbor,
Michigan."

The monument to Elder Clapp represented that venerable father in
Israel marching at the head of his tribe to Sunday school, carrying a banner
with the inscription, " I con.sider this the proper thing to do."

Judge Eocke is represented as the presiding magi.strate of the people,
and has jUvSt blown counsel, .sheriff and jury out of doors l)}'^ exploding a
pun in the court-room about the size of a barrel of cider. Some thought it
was an earthquake ; but his .son who could Sey-mour, .said it was pure
Eock-jaw, and was .sent to the Eock-up for contempt of court.

Colonel Banbury was represented on one side of his monument leading
a regiment of ' ' Hawk-eyes ' ' to battle ; on the reverse he had come home
and lieaten his sword into a pruning hook, while his wife had given him
" Jessie, "t

Watts is embalmed as the publisher of a book of hymns and a ruddy-
haired .son named Harvey. In his wed-Eocke he joined the church Millie-
tant.t

In memory of the Conger tribe was a large tablet representing ' ' spirits
of just men made perfect" ascending and descending upon the earth, with a
philo.sopher and cliemist seeking after the source of motion and life. In the
group were the bnsts of Tyndall, Darwin, Herbert Spencer and Ralph Waldo
Kmer.son conversing with Dr. Conger about the infinitesimal elements of
existence.

*Mr. Croft had a pair of stout mules which would get up or lie dowu at his word of comuiaud at
any time, whether in harness or not ; and being a bachelor then, he often hitched up his big wagon and
took the young people ou a moonlight ride to some social gathering or surprise party, or just for the fnu
of a ride. Hence " Croft's mules " were a historic part of the colony population.

tThe Colonel had twin daughters, and the one named Jessie is now Mrs. Dr. Crank of Pomona.

tChas. Watts had married Miss Millie L,ocke — the first wedding in the colony.

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAI,. 1 39

Bristol had the keys of the first " Zanjero" of the settlement, and was
intent on irrigating a span of buck-skin horses, the first in the colony.

Mosher carried a Westminister catechism on his shoulders, and was
surrounded by olive branches.

Newton had a microscope in one hand, while holding the Scriptures in
the other ; he was reading, "A good wife is from the L,ord."

Over a grand mausoleum to Fletcher were the startling words, " He
could but he wouldn't." While over Vawter there were the words, "He
would but he couldn't."

To the memory of Gibson was written, " Blessings brighten as they
take their flight. ' ' Barcus was smiling among the bees of Hymettus ; and
Vulcan stood over the sepulcher of Baker.*

There were many other ancient relics of this singular people, showing
their means of locomotion and system of cultivation.

The present city of Pasadena covers the entire valley of San Gabriel
and is watered throughout by artesian wells whose source is in the moun-
tains. When more mountain showers are needed a gigantic explosion of
dynamite or vigorite is made between the mountain ranges, and in a short
time copious thunder showers gather and drench the mountain forests, and
thus keep a good supply of water perpetually for the use of this great and
beautiful city, which now numbers 500,000 people. Signed, Truth.

Further specimens of the exuberant wit and humor of this first Pasadena
paper appear in a " lyist of Patents granted to Pasadena inventors during the
week ending November 31, 1876," as follows :

To P. G. Wooster — Bachelor's Button, covering improvement in pants
and shirt buttons, and method of attachment. This improved button, in
addition to eyes, has hands with which to hold on, and instead of sewing
the button to the garment the garment is sewed to the button, so that even
if the former is lost the button remains.

To A. H. Day — Patent Heel and Toe for Stockings. The same being
detachable from the body of the sock, so that when worn through they can
be removed and replaced by new. Every pair of socks accompanied by
seven extra heels and toes ; being small and light can also be sent Hast for
darning and returned at slight cost.

To H. G. Bennett — Improved Copper-Toed Collars and Cuffs. Being
a light metallic binding applied to the edges of shirt collars and wrist-bands,
having the appearance of linen and not noticeable ; saves all trimming of
edges on Sunday morning. Proof against Chinamen. Can also be applied
to the bottoms of pants.

To W. O. Moody — New Method of Raising Bread. Being a small
mechanical toy resembling a gopher ; when wound up and placed in a pan
of thick sponge it will move rapidly around under and through the dough
and go-pher the whole until the pan is "raised" full. The process can be com-
pleted while one is heating the oven.

The following appear under the head of

advertis:ements.
lyime Trees For Sale — Buy some and raise your own lime for white-
washing. A few slacked lime trees at half price. Seymour Locke — "Locke
Harem."

'J. H. Baker was the colony blacksmith.

140 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Church lyOts For Sale — Three corners left. Can be returned if they
don't suit. Frank W. Greene — ' ' Old Adobe. ' '

FIRST PASADENA POKTRY.

The first poetry ever written in Pasadena also appeared in this first
number of the first paper, and ran as follows :

A CHURCH DOG-MA, IN DOGGEREL METER.
BY PROF. SHORTFFlvLOW.

Our Mr. Porter had a dog ; its given name was Fido ;
When Mr. Porter went to town it always said " can't I go ? "
At Dr. Newton's lived a dog ; its hair was long and yellow ;
And when the Doctor went away, Bob was quite sure to follow.

And Mrs. Barcus had her dog ; it wouldn't stay at home ;
When Mrs. Barcus came up town, Carlo would likewise come.
Then Mrs. Mundell had one, too ; 'twas socially inclined ;
If told to stay at home alone, sometimes it would not mind.

Now all these folks were church-going folk, and went to church each Sunday ;

So all the dogs they followed on, the same as though 'twas Monday.

Now this was wrong, for dogs should learn the difference in days ;

Their special fort it is to watch; they cannot pray or praise. •

And so they should not go to church ; and if they try to follow, I

Their master should turn right about, and whip them till they holler ;

For folks will laugh and look distressed to see a dog at service ;

And when it goes up towards the desk, it makes the preacher nervous.

And when four dogs together come, they make such a commotion,

'Tis very likely to disturb the spirit of devotion.

But not long since the Methodist another church began ;

And now there is but one dog left at the Presbyterian.

" Bob " Newton now comes all alone ; all others on the list "

Now go just where their masters go, and have turned Methodist.
And now we hope, before 'tis time that church to dedicate,
A pledge to leave all dogs at home, some one will circulate.

The precedent is very bad, when dogs do so increase,
And by and by, if all should go, we could not meet in peace.
This market is getting stocked with pups, of every kind and size,
And if the old dogs go to church, the pups will go, likewise.

The Moody boys a puppy have, and Charley Watts, another ;
And Seymour Locke is keeping one, besides " Ivy," their mother ;
And Mrs. Barcus, not content with her nice Black and Tan,
Has gone and got a puppy, too ; and now she has a span.

Then Johnny Nelson got one too, before it was too late ;

And Mr. Wallace spoke in time to make sure of its mate.

The Martin boys have also two, and Banbury a third.

And Doctor Rdwards several more ; from some we have not heard.

Now, if each pup when it's grown up, should go to church each week.

We could not sing, or hear a thing our Minister might speak ;

So let each man who has a dog help cur-tail this abuse ;

But if our dogs must go to church, let's build one for their use.

The Mr. Day who wrote the above poem and prepared the entire paper,
was a newspaper man connected with The Advance of Chicago, the organ of ,.
the Congregational denomination in the Mississippi Valley States. He was r
here for his health ; his name was Arthur Henry ; he kept some hens ; and i
so he was facetiously called "A. Hennery Day." He and Frank W. Greene

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. I4I

and a Mr. Fleming " kept bach" in a shanty near where the Garfias house
then stood. Mr. Day was afterward the hero and victim of a fearful,
calamitous adventure in Eaton Canyon, related by Judge Eaton in Chapter 8;
but he recovered, and finally returned to his newspaper work in Chicago.
Frank Greene afterward married a daughter of John Werner on Columbia
street ; he moved from Pasadena to Eagle Rock valley ; but in 1894 was
residing at Garvauza.

The second number of The Reservoir was edited by Miss Jennie Collier ;
and from its leading editorial I quote this excellent bit of facetiae :

' ' We hope in another issue to give the exact number of pounds of Mus-
cat grapes the Moody brothers raised to the square inch, as well as the exact
number of turkeys the coyotes raised from Mr. Watts' barn-yard. We
trust that the notice taken by The Reservoir of the triumphs of the colonists
in agriculture, literature, poultry-ture, dogra-ture, and bachelor-ture may
excite our readers to a laudable emulation in these worthy pursuits ; and in
order to stir up an interest in some of these departments we propose to offer
two handsome premiums in the next three months. One will be a fine
chromo of Mr. Berry's house, taken from the southwest corner, so as to
bring out in all their beauty the five varieties of architecture displayed in
its construction, with the lean-tos both west and south standing out in beau-
tiful relief. The picture can be obtained with or without the fluted
columned porch, as desired. The hen-ranch on the slope can be dimly seen
circulating in the distance. This exquisitely colored chromo will be pre-
sented to anyone who will in the next three months send us the names of
six regular contributors to The Reservoir, accompanied with the written
promise of the same over their own signature. We also offer a life-size
chromo of Mr. Croft's mules to anyone who will bring to our table an orange
raised from a three-year-old seedling, planted on unmortgaged ground and
raised without irrigation. It is unnecessary for us to expatiate on the
beauties of this far-famed chromo. The graceful attitude of these noble
creatures as they stand with ears erect, waiting the word of command from
their master, is so life-like and pathetic that all men praise it and children
cry for it. Who among you will be the happy possessors of these lovely
chromos ? ' '

From The Reservoir No. 2 I also copy this dash of wit played off" by
Miss Collier on the unmarried men of the colony who were ' ' keeping bach
as it was called.

CO-OPERATIVE KITCHEN.

On a chill January day in 1877 the following circular was quietly dis-
tributed among the male inhabitants of the colony, by one whose visage was
lean and hungry, and whose sunken eyes told a touching story of desti-
tution.

"There will be a meeting of the male housekeepers of Pasadena at the
school-house, Friday evening, January — , 1877, to discuss culinary matters
with a view to the establishment of a co-operative kitchen. A full attend-
ance is desired, and gentlemen are requested to make any suggestions which
may help to lighten the burdens now crushing us. — No refreshments.

"(Signed)

"T. F. Croft and forty others."

142 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The proceedings of this wonderful meeting might have been lost to
future generations had not the younger Mr. Martin, who applied for admis-
sion on the ground of having been at one time a culinary artist of high stand-
ing, been refused, and retiring to the seclusion of the ante-room, by
means of a crack in the door and two inches of lead pencil furnished us with
the following report :

"The meeting was called to order at seven o'clock, Mr.* Berry in the
chair. Mr. A. Hennery Day moved that the Bennett brothers be expelled,
as he had been credibly informed that they put potatoes in their bread.
Evidently the Messrs. Bennett had been notified of this attack for they
hastened to display their credentials in the shape of a letter which the sec-
retary proceeded to read as follows :

" 'We, the undersigned, cheerfully certify that we have eaten some of
the bread made with potatoes by the Messrs. Bennett, and were able to
attend to our household duties at the expiration of a week after partaking
of the same. Yours respectfully,

Mrs. Erie Locke,
Mrs. Jimmie Banbury,
Mr, Donnie Pike.' "
"The president decided, after some deliberation, that the Bennetts
should be retained on promise of reform, and the payment of a fine consist-
ing of one loaf of bread to each bachelor present. F'red Berry moved that a
committee be appointed to submit the names of ladies in Pasadena who were
willing to loan yeast. Mercer Moody objected, on the ground that this was
calculated to interfere with the sale of his patented gopherated bread-raiser ;
whereupon one P. G. Wooster arose with indignation in his mien and fury
in his eye, and said in broken accents : ' I stand here, Mr. Chairman, the
victim of base deception — in the gentleness of my unsuspecting nature I
traded one of my duplex-elliptic button attachments to the gentleman from
Boston for one of his gopherated bread-raisers, and the first batch of bread
rose like a volcano to the tremendous height of two feet and seven inches,
thereby taking the roof from my stately edifice and leaving me a homeless
wanderer upon the face of the earth.' The gentleman commenced to sit
down, and a death-like stillness pervaded the solemn assembly, broken only
by a deep sob from Mr. Berry. When the emotion had somewhat subsided
Mr. Cooley arose and told the chair how he and Dr. Baker cooked rice — 'only
a small quantity, Mr. President, — a quart or so,' — and how the stuff swelled
and swelled and swelled until they were obliged to turn on the hose to get
water enough, and how they filled seven milk-pans, one churn, two wash
boilers, three hats, two pairs of boots and one pillow slip. A solemn silence
followed this painful recital, broken only by a deep groan from Mr. Berry.
Mr. Croft arose, and bending his earnest gaze upon the chairman, said in a
voice heavy with emotion : ' My suffering brothers, the remedy for all your
evils — indeed, for all the evils of the Pacific Slope, lies in the one word j^e?ns.
When will humanity learn that saw-dust and water baked in the lids of
yeast powder cans and served hot on the dust pan, will cure dy.spepsia, even
in a male? I know, Mr. President, for I have tested it — even in two males.
And I have mentioned these things before, with no effect. My friend Berry
still fries beans for his vSunday dinner, and Day continues to bake buckwheat
cakes on a shovel, just as of yore. I leave you to your fate.' The speaker

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 43

burst into a flood of tears and rushed from the house, while Mr. Berry wept
aloud. Mr. Mitchell arose and said, ' Brethern, I have learned the beauties
of CO operation. I roll my clothes down the hill to Mrs. Watson and she
throws me a dozen eggs in return. This is sweet to me, but sweet potatoes
fried in butter are sweeter.' " *

"Here Mr. Berry's feelings so overcame him that Fred, thinking him
threatened with an attack of horizontal parallellaries, thought best to re-
move him ; so he retired leaning on the arm of his dutiful son, while the re-
mainder of the lank assembly dispersed with a dejected air."

Reservoir No. 5 was edited by Mrs. Margaret Collier Graham, and
from its pages I quote the following humorous announcement :

CONCERT EXTRAORDINARY.

We are authorized to announce a grand concert to be given by the
ladies and gentlemen of Pasadena at an early date, the proceeds to be equally
divided between the Pomological Society and the Base Ball Club. The
program comprises the most brilliant vocal and instrumental talent of the
place, and the mention of performers' names will be sufficient to insure a
large and breathlessly appreciative audience.

The entertainment will be held in Mr. Moody's barn, which has been
secured at great expense and is being fitted up in the most dazzling style.
The program is as follows :

Grand opening chorus extraordinary — "I am dying, Egypt, dying," in
B flat, by the Pomological Society.

Solo, " Betsy and I are out," John Pease Babcock. This gentleman is
the only artist on the slope who can sing with a meerschaum in his mouth.

Boarding-house trio, "When the tourists homeward fly," by Mrs.
Ivocke, Mrs. Banbury, and Mrs. Graham, accompanied by Miss Collier.

Bass solo, "When the cows come home," by Seymour L,ocke. If en-
cored, Mr. Locke will give that charming ballad, " What is home without a
Moody."

Chorus by the Gilmore family, " Out of the old house into the new."

PART II.

Mendelssohn's 59th symphony, "Dead March in Saul, "by the Base
Ball Club.

Solo, "Hush, my babe," from Italian opera of "Nothing to do," by
Mrs. Conger, f

Duet, " Almost persuaded." Miss Annie Clapp and Miss Gilmore.

The performance will conclude with that tearfully pathetic ballad, "No
one to love," by Mr. D. M. Berry.

The services of Mr. P. G. Wooster of Puckechechuck, Skehowtan
county, Maine, have been secured as pianist. Of this musical phenomenon
the Boston Globe says : " He has the most unprecedented genuinity of ar-
tistic feeling, and extraordinary excessiveness of manual dexterity. Es-
pecially was this noticeable in the difficult double run of thirds which oc-
curred in the presto of Gordigiani's aria from orchestral suite in 'D.' "

We bespeak for this gentleman the most tumultuously enthusiastic re-
ception. Admittance 2^ bits. Children, three for $1. Tickets for sale at

*This joke was on Rev. J. A. Mitchell, the bachelor pastor of the Presbyterian church.
tMrs. Dr. Conger then had in arms her baby Lulu, the second child born in the colony.

144 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Post-ofiice, Watson's meat market, and the laundry of John C. Yuen, Esq.,
lately from China.

Other numbers of The Reservoir were prepared by D. M. Berry, Clar-
ence Martin, and Mrs. Dr. Conger. I found no copy of Berry's or Martin's
numbers, and only some fragments of Mrs. Conger's. These latter were es-
says of a high order of merit — but not humorous, and not comprising any
special points of Pasadena history — hence not quoted. (Mrs. Conger pre-
pared No. 4, dated February 24, 1877, and also No. 8, dated August 3,
1878.)

GRASSHOPPKR TALK.

Charles A. Gardner wrote up a conversation which he heard among
" old settlers " about the grasshopper trouble in the colony days [1876], and
I quote the gist of his article from Pasadena Star of May 15, 1889 :

Some one started the question of grasshoppers and a visitation which
the colony had endured from them long ago, before Prof. Holder came to
scare them away with hard Latin names.

Says one, " I've seen the time when I would have left Pasadena if I
could have got away."

" No ? " says the tenderfoot ; " when was that — when you were in the
jug?"

"No, when the grasshoppers got us, ten or twelve years ago. They
were as big as blackbirds and ate everything from the ground up."

" Do you remember," says another, " the fire we built to kill them, and
how it got away from us and burned over the sheepherder's land ? "

" Yes," responded a bald-headed reprobate, who is generally not far off
when a pioneer yarn is in the stocks, ' ' and how mad he got about it and
threatened to sue us ; kept sending us threatening letters for six months. ' '

" We started the fire down in Baker's place," resumed the first sinner,
" with the expectation that the road would stop it from the pasture lands above;
but it jumped two roads and we had only one more to go. Finally, by plow-
ing ahead of it we got it stopped, and some of the furrows are there yet. It
roasted the grasshoppers, you bet, and I remember one day while we were

looking at the wreck. Doctor said, ' I've often heard of the Indians

eating them ; I've a notion to see how they taste.' So he reached down and
hauled up a fat one out of the cinders, pulled off a hind leg and gave it a
bite. It was pretty good, and I'm inclined to think they'd make good
eating. Well, these fellows were the occasion of my wanting to leave. It
seems that it was only a local visitation. They didn't extend down into the
lower valley, and if I could have sold out that year I should have gone down
to Alhambra. As it was, they destroyed every green thing that was not in
some way protected. Hollingsworth had just opened his store then (1876),
and I got of him a lot of paper sacks which I put over my trees, first cutting
off the tops of the trees and tying the sack down close around the trunks.

But the worst joke happened to Dr. . He got some cheese-cloth and

wrapped it around his trees, sewing it with long stitches. The stitches were
too long, however, for on examination one day he found these tree-covers
full of the hoppers, which had crawled through the stitches and were eating
up his trees in the very shelter of the covers he had made to keep them off.
The Doctor's rage at this knew no bounds. ' Oh, you sons-of-guns ! ' said

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 45

he, ' didn't I fix it nice for you in there ? Don't those covers keep the sun
off of you and make it cool and comfortable ? Wouldn't you like a fan,
now, and some ice cream (with sarcasm) ? If you don't see what you
want, ask for it. I'm not the man to be backward in the matter of hospi-
tality.' And then language failed him and he gave it up. "

THE PREACHER AND WILSON'S WINE.

John W. Wilson relates the following "old settler" incident. Some
time in the Sixties a clergyman from the Kast was spending a season at L,os
Angeles ; and being strongly " American " in his sentiments, he thought it
a good idea to introduce East the pure California native American wines for
sacmmental purposes, instead of the imported French, Spanish or Italian
brands usually obtained for that purpose. Accordingly he hired a horse and
buggy and drove out to B. D. Wilson's I^ake Vineyard home-place, which
had the only large winery then in this section, to sample the wines, " purely
for sacramental purposes." He introduced himself and made known his
errand to Mr. Wilson, who invited him to stay for dinner. He took the man
into the house to wait, while he himself went to give his workmen some
directions. When dinner was ready the stranger was seated at table as a
guest of the family ; and Mr. Wilson opening a bottle of wine poured out a
glass for the visitor first, which he gulped down at once ; then after it had
passed around the table, Wilson set the bottle down near the man. He took
it up, filled his own glass again and drank it oflF greedily, smacking his lips,
and remarked with an air of self-importance, " I like that, Mr. Wilson ; I
like that ! ' '

" You do, eh ?" said Wilson, with a twinkle in his eye.

"Yes, really, I like that! It's a good article, Mr. Wilson! a good
article ! "

" Well, you stay with it, and it'll play hell with yoic before long," came
the quick response — Wilson having entirely forgotten that his guest was a
preacher.

STAGE TALENT IN THE COLONY.

The Daily Star of May 24, 1889, reports a sketch of a little casual
gossip between two or three " old settlers " which the reporter heard one day
in a private office ; and it contains some historic reminiscences of Pasadena's
teething period which are worth preserving :

"Speaking of social matters," remarked the first gentleman, "I remem-
ber how readily we all mixed in those early days ; there were no cliques,
but all joined in getting up entertainments and having a good time, and the
whole colony went. After the school-house was established on the square
— the first school-house, that now does duty as a dwelling on Adella
Avenue — we used to meet there for everything, whether it was a minstrel
show, a play, a dance, or a church entertainment ; and what jolly times we
had ! "

"Yes," chimed in another old timer, " I remember the first perform-
ance of a dramatic kind we had there. ' '

"Let's see; I can give you the characters from memory ; there were
Miss Ella Gilmore (afterwards Mrs. C. S. Martin), Miss Annie Swan (now
Mrs. Wm. Martin), Chas. Bell, Will. Martin, Seymour Locke, Will. Swan,
Miss Annie Clapp, Miss Wallace (now Mrs. Croft), and George Clapp.

10

146 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

They were members of our literary club, and the drama did not exhaust
their intellectual repertoire by any means."*

" Yes, and there was our minstrel troupe," remarked the first speaker.
"The Pasadena minstrels were known throughout the county. There was
Col. Banbury, now the worthy money-bags of the county. He did not dis-
dain to play the flute in said orchestra, no more than the proprietor of the
Acme, J. H. Baker, stood on his dignity in the matter of twanging the
tuneful guitar. Then there was Judge Eaton. One wouldn't think he,
too, could blow witching strains from the flute, but in those days he used to
do it with the greatest eclat and all that sort of thing possible. C. P. Brown
played the viola, and a violinist from Alhambra, whose name I have for-
gotten [John Burns], gave us first-rate music on the violin. Whatever
reputation Charlie Bell enjoys as a singer and character delineator he mostly
gained as ' end man ' in the company of distinguished artists who were
wont to delight the entire population of Pasadena in the old school-house.
Local gags and songs were generally entrusted to him, and I happen to
remember a verse or two of one of the latter that he got off to a rollicking
plantation tune in commemoration of a certain hunting episode. It doesn't
read very smoothly in cold-blooded print, but as a song with chorus it used
to bring down the house. It ran about this way :

" Have you seen our rifle team !
Have you seen them shooting !
Markham and Watts make very good shots.
But Gilchrist he makes nothing."

CHORUS.
" Then Baker went to the mountain side,
And when he got there —
' Hush ! hush ! tell no one else.
And I will kill that bear.' "

baker's bear.
Many of the colonists had such a keen relish for ftm that they were
much given to turning jokes upon one another. One time it was reported
that bears were making nightly visits to a bee ranch up near the mountains.
Now, to shoot a bear was the crowning ambition of every man who could
hit a barn door at fortj^ paces; so here was a chance to go on a night hunt,
loaded for bear, and a company of three or four was soon made up, with
J. H. Baker as one of them. They found shelter in a little cabin near the
bee hives and lay down to rest until Mr. Bear should begin to disturb a
hive, or they should hear his sniffs and footsteps. The rest of the boys had
got an idea that Baker was braver in talk than he would be in action,
and they planned to have a little fun on that line. So after waiting quietly
for some time, and all were apparently dropping into a doze, there was a
noise outside, as the boys had planned, and Baker raised up, moving and
stepping as softly as a cat, and said iu a muffled whi.sper, " H'sh ! h'sh ! /'//
ki/l the bear !''''

*Other performers in dramatic and minstrel entertainments not named in this list were : F. M.
I.ippincott, A. L. Carr, W. L. Keith, Jerome Reehe, Geo. and Fred Mnehler, K. H. Heidenreich, C. Swan,
W. O. Swan, Jr., and H. Jones. Miss Velma Brown (now Mrs. W. B. Clapp) was the " Jenny Lind " of
those days, and one of her popnlar songs was " What do birdies dream of? "

DIVISION TWO — COl^ONIAL. 147

No bear appeared that night, and the hunters returned without their
game. But they told the story of Baker's cautious "H'sh! h'sh! Pll kill
the bear f" and from that time it became a local by -word, applied in all
sorts of jocular ways — some of the old settlers using it even yet occasionally
as an illustrative figure of speech. And this is the incident referred to in
the chorus of Charlie Bell's negro minstrel song quoted above.

THE N. N. N.'S.
These cabalistic letters being interpreted meant "Nine Nobby Nig-
gers," which was the title of the minstrel troupe formed by the colony boys,
just for the fun of it, in 1875-76, some months before Charlie Bell's arrival
in 1877. The original N. N. N.'s were: Clarence Martin, Will Martin,
Mercer Moody, Will Moody, Arthur Day, Mr. Breand, Fred Muehler, Sey-
mour lyocke, Fred lyippincott. This feature and resource of colony fun was
kept up for several years, and others took part in it from time to time ; but
it was always the " N. N. N.'s" or the minstrel troupe. It is related that
even Judge Eaton, Col. Banbury, J. H. Baker, and C. P. Brown occasion-
ally helped the boys out by adding their special skill with instrumental
music.

"who KILI^ED JESSE LEE?"

This burlesque murder trial occurred in the old original school-house
on lower Orange Grove Avenue (where Mrs. Sarah Ware now resides) be-
fore its removal up to Fair Oaks and Colorado, and was a "put-up-job," as
the boys say — really the most striking piece of grim drollery that occurred
in all the colony annals of fun-making. It was a local farce, well contrived,
and enacted with excellent dramatic skill. A youth named Jesse I^ee was
supposed to have been murdered by Mart. Weight ; and he was arrested for
this breach of civil order by Frank lyowe, acting as sheriff, with Seymour
Ivocke as deputy. B. S. Eaton sat as judge; P. M. Green appeared as at-
torney for the State, and Dr. O. H. Conger as attorney for the accused.
The jury was Dr. T. B. Elliott, foreman ; A. O. Porter, John Eowe, Will
Martin (other names not learned). The principal witness was young Mor-
ton Banbury, who had found in the Arroyo the skull of some animal. This
he produced in court from a bag, and identified it as the skull of Jesse Lee.
Dr. J. C. Newton was called as a medical expert ; and he came with wig
and gown and solemn face, using a long section or tube of sheet-iron water
pipe for a microscope to examine the skull, and determine by the molecular
structure of its ultimate particles whether it was veritably bone of man or
beast, that question having been vigorously raised by Dr. Conger, the attor-
ney for the defense. Young Clarence Martin was also dressed with wig
and spectacles, and some foreign-looking garments, and was introduced as
the eminent savant, Dr. Brown-Sequard. He was sworn as a medical ex-
pert, too, and gave a learned disquisition on "the polariscopistic intussuscep-

1 48 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

titude of all anthropomorphous sanguineous fluids ; wherefore their inflam-
matory or semi-tropical exoticity, with non-irrigability in the citrus belt,
might depolarize the red corpuscles and become the protoplasmic injectiver-
ator of bloody deeds like this " ; etc., etc.

That may not be the exact language, but it is the substance and style of
it. The circumstantial evidence seemed to be winding up tightly about the
prisoner at the bar. Dr. Conger made a strong plea for the defense. Then
P. M. Green, in closing his argument for the State, exclaimed in eloquent
diction : " As a star falls from heaven and is seen no more, so fell Jesse
lyce !" (And after that he was sent to the legislature.)

The jury reported through their foreman. Dr. Elliott, that they could
not hang the culprit on the evidence, but he ought to be htcng anyway^ on
general principles, and they gave a verdict accordingly. The prisoner was
pronounced "guilty." The sheriff had his noose and black cap ready, and
was about to proceed with the hanging. But now Jesse Lee came bounding
into court — declared that that wasn't his skull at all ; that his blood cor-
puscles were all right ; his citrus belt was perfectly well irrigated ; and there
was no bloody deed for all this fuss; etc., etc. So the case was dismissed,
and the court adjourned.

The part of Jesse lyce was played by Perry Kewen, son of Col. E. J. C.
Kewen, who then lived in the historic old stone mill, below the foot of
Eake Avenue, which he had fixed up at great cost for a dwelling. Mrs.
Kewen was also present. This burlesque trial was the most notable and
longest remembered of the many entertainments given by the colony's
original "literary society," except perhaps the reading of their first paper,
The Reservoir No. /, in which occurred the famous "dog poetry."

COLONEL BANBURY'S DEER.

The story they tell on the Colonel is this. One day word was brought
in that there was a deer browsing in the chapparal up toward the mount-
ains. Colonel Banbury made up a party to go in pursuit, and with his
trusty rifle in hand and seated in a wagon he took the lead. In due time
they reached the place, and sure enough a deer was there ; the Colonel saw
it and jumped up and shouted, " There it goes ! " but entirely forgot his gun
and didn't shoot at all. So this incident became a standing joke on the
" Pasadena Rifle Team."

THE "rifle team" SAW A BEAR.

Another of the colony bear stories is thus related. It was learned that
bears were nightly stealing honey from the bee ranches up near the mount-
ains and a party was gathered to go up there and bring down some bear
steak for breakfast. Uncle David Townsend and Charley Watts were of the
party, besides others not learned. They re'ached a bee ranch cabin after
dark and climbed onto its roof to lie in wait and watch for bruin's arrival.

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. I49

In due time a great shaggy grizzl}^ came, and went to turning over the
hives and feasting himself on the honey. When our doughty hunters saw
his formidable size they wilted — kept as still as mice, watched him rob the
hives, and let him depart without their ever firing a gun. The fact was,
that if they shot the bear and did not succeed in killing him at once but
only wounded him, the chances were that he would tear and claw the shanty
down and kill or mangle every man of them. But the jokers (those who
had never faced a wild bear themselves) would have their fun about the
" rifle team " watching a bear while he robbed a bee ranch, and not daring
to fire a shot at him. It was said facetiousl)^ they didn' t want to hurt the
bea?' ; they only wanted to see the bear and bee circus, which beat anything
Barnum ever got up.

See article on the Mount lyOwe Railway, chapter 23, for another "bear
story " told by Governor Markham on the " Rifle Team," with himself in
the stampede.

RABBIT HUNTS.

In 1876-77-78, rabbit hunts were among the sporting events of the
colony, in which W. O. Swan, Joseph Wallace, Al. Carr, Charley Watts,
Charlie Bell, Will Clapp, Whit. Elliott, and others are mentioned as partic-
ipants, with Arturo Bandini as chief director. A sketch in the Star of May
29, 1889, speaks thus of this matter :

" As to hunting," exclaimed another veteran, " I wish you could have
enjoyed some of our rabbit coursing. There was no such organization then
as the ' Valley Hunt,' but every man kept a hound or other dog, and when
our meets occurred, you would see crowds of lyos Angeles people on hand
to enjoy the sport. We used to assemble at the twin oaks west of Romayne
Williams's present home [Hill Avenue north of Mountain street], and the
whole country was then open to us.

' ' Fifteen rabbits a day was no uncommon catch ; and we used to stim-
ulate the hunters, not by offering such trifling prizes as the animal's tail or
a wreath, but something useful, as well as ornamental. For instance,
Charley Watts once carried off in triumph a set of harness won as a trophy
of his hound's fleetness. Things were run on a substantial basis in those
days. Colonel Winston and Arturo Bandini led the heavy hunting squad
by bagging the large game — wild cats, foxes, coyotes, bear, etc."

150 HISTORY OF PASADHNA.

CHAPTER VIII.

Horrors. — Notable Crimes, Calamities, Accidents, Storms, Floods, etc., within
Pasadenaland.

VASQUEZ, THE ROBBER.

The first thing to record for Pasadena under this head is the visit here
of Tiburcio Vasqnez, one of the most noted bandits of California history.
In April, 1874, the colonj^ men were hard at work getting their water pipe
laid from Devil's Gate down to the Orange Grove reservoir, having con-
tracted with Miles & Holbrook of Los Angeles to furnish a supplj^ of
1 1 -inch iron pipe for the piirpose, while Judge Eaton took charge of the
spring-heads, the sand-box and the pipe-lining and ditching part of the work.
Just after dinner on April i6th Mr. Miles and his teamster George Osborne
were returning down the Arroyo bottom road to I,os Angeles, after deliver-
ing a load of pipe to Judge Eaton's workmen up toward Devil's Gate ; and
when they had got down in the vicinity of Sheep Corral springs wdiere the
old road began to wind through the oak park by a steep grade up to Orange
Grove Avenue (just below Wm. S. Hanaford's place — 1894), thej^ were met
by Vasquez and four of his gang, all well mounted, and all armed with
rifles, pistols and knives, in the most approved and ferocious style of their
craft. The men in the wagon were required to halt and throw up their
hands ; then to deliver their money. Osborne had none, and Miles had
only a little loose change — less than a dollar ; so Vasquez said very politel5%
" Then, if you please, .sir, I will take that watch." Miles hesitated, or pre-
tended he had none. Vasquez cocked his Winchester rifle, saying, " No
foolishness ! I can't parley with you. Billy Workman's only a few rods
down the road after me!" And he began to draw a bead on Miles, who
then handed over his watch. [This he recovered after the bandit's final
capture.] And at this time the Deputy Sheriff Albert Johnston (not the
sheriff, Wm. H. Workman) and his posse were on their trail, less than a
mile behind.

The outlaws now rode leisurely on itp to where Judge Eaton had fifteen
or twenty men at work on the colony ditch and pipe-line, near the Richard-
son springs ; and here were A. O. Porter, P. M. Green, Col. J. Banbur}',
A. O. Bristol, W. T. Clapp and D. M. Berry, besides Judge Eaton and
others -all unarmed, .so that the robbers could have taken ever)^ watch and
every dollar in the crowd. The workmen were sitting or lying around tak-
ing their nooning or after-dinner rest. Eaton, Porter and Green were just
coming down afoot from the .sand-box, in their shirt-sleeves, and were thus
supposed by the robbers to be workmen like the rest and probably had
nothing worth taking. As Va.squez drew near he called out to the work-
men and told them who he was ; and one of his men who could speak
English well introduced him, assuring them that he was "a gentleman ! a

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 15I

perfect gentleman !" On Orange Grove Avenue they had found two horses
tethered and took one of them, which they were leading. Thej'- scarcely
stopped but rode slowly along the old road up the Richardson gull}', then
across the Arroyo at Devil's Gate, and up the old Soledad Trail, securely
beyond reach of any pursuing sheriff; but here one of their horses fell from
the trail down a precipice and was killed. That same night they rode back
through Pasadena down to Sycamore Grove, and compelled the man living
there, who had a flock of goats, to dress a kid and get up a good supper for
them.

When Eaton, Porter and Green put their coats on to start home, and
congratulated themselves on their lucky escape from being robbed, they
found that among them all there were three watches and $48 in money
which made so close a shave from falling into the robber's hands.

This was the same day that Vasquez had committed what became
famous as the Repetto robbery. He was finally captured a few weeks later
at an out-of-the-way house in the mountains near Santa Monica, had a trial,
and was hung at Los Angeles.

A DREADFUL NICxHT IN EATON CANYON.

Judge Eaton has kindly written out for me the following historic inci-
dent :

"The principal accident that occurred in Colonial days happened in
this way : Mr. Arthur H. Day, an employe of The Advance, the Congre-
gationalist paper of Chicago, conceived the idea of a trip up Eaton Canyon,
with two companions as inexperienced as himself.* They started off on foot,
packing their grub and blankets on their backs. It was all eas}' going
until they reached ' ' The Falls, ' ' distant about three-fourths of a mile from
the mouth of the canyon. Here they found a barrier to all farther progress
up the bed of the stream. Depositing their packs on the banks they com-
menced the ascent of the right bank upon their hands and knees. Arriving
on top, a height of 250 feet, they thought to descend again into the creek
above the falls. This was a difficult and dangerous task for men not used
to scaling mountains. But they persevered till poor Day made a mis-step
and was precipitated to the bottom, spraining his ankle, and breaking one
leg square off. After many times trying, his companions succeeded in reach-
ing him. Finding that he was utterly helpless, they began a reconnoisance
to see how they were going to get him out. Down the canyon fifty or a
hundred yards was the falls — a precipice 40 feet in height over which the
water was tumbling into a pool 20 feet in width and 6 or 8 feet deep. Over
the falls was the only mode of egress in that direction ; turning about, they
followed up the canyon where they were soon brought to a stand still by
another precipice about 80 feet in height. Either side was bounded by an
almost perpendicular wall several hundred feet high. There was nothing
to do but contrive some way of letting Day down over the Falls. Fortu-
nately they had along with them some pieces of fence rope. With these
and some long slender poles they had cut, a ladder was constructed ; but

*His companions were Enio Brenna, a young Italian then living at W.J. Barcus's, and another
young man named Lalya — both dead now.

152 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

when dropped down it did not reach the surface of the pool below by 5 or 6
feet. It was a frail thing for a man with a broken leg to trust himself to :
but Day had "grit." Dropping himself over, he clutched the rounds,
while his companions held the ladder above, and thus let himself down as
far as the ladder reached, and then dropped into the pool. He swam and
paddled until he reached the shore. By this time it had become so dark
that the mountaineers were unable to find their way out till morning.

"The provisions and blankets had been left here. Day was able to
crawl to them, and there he spent the night alone. Early in the morning
one of the boys came down to my house and told of their mishap. I imme-
diately dispatched a couple of strong men and a spring wagon to the canyon,
lycaving the wagon at the mouth of the canyon, the men proceeded to the
falls. There they constructed a rough litter upon which they stretched the
unfortunate man and carried him to the wagon, and thence to his home.
He must have been suffering a great deal of pain, but not a groan escaped
his lips as he was jolted over the boulders and down the rough mountain
road. It was six months before he could walk again."

For more about Mr. Day, see Chapter 7.

First Saloon Case. — March 30, 1885, Jerome Beebe, who had
opened the first liquor saloon in Pasadena, was tried in justice's court for
making threats of bodily violence against L,. H. Michener. District Attor-
ney Geo. M. Holton of lyOS Angeles and H. W. Magee of Pasadena were
attorneys for the prosecution ; and Geo. W. Knox of Los Angeles was
attorney for Beebe ; andT. P. Lukens was justice of the peace. The result
was that Beebe was found guilty, and required to give bonds in the sum of
$2,500 for six months to keep the peace. Mr. Knox tried hard to get the
bond reduced, claiming that it was exorbitant, etc. ; but justice lyukens
was inflexible and the amount had to stand. Knox afterward laughed
over it, and said privately, " O, it's all right. I was told by the wholesale
liquor men of Los Angeles to tell Beebe not to worry. He could have any
amount of bail he required. They'd back him." I heard Knox say it
my.self.

Cannery Burned. — The first fire calamity of importance in the Col-
ony was the burning of Joseph Wallace's Cannery on the night of Septem-
ber 2, 1885. (Thomas Banbury's house had burned down a few years be-
fore.) The following points showing the disastrous nature of the Cannery
fire I quote from the report published in the Valley Union at the time :

"The building was of wood and consisted of a two-story part, 20x50,
and a one-story part 16x30. The contents were 10,000 cans of fruit in tins,
one and one-half gross cans in glass, 60 cases of last year's pack, three tons
of evaporated fruit, and two tons green peaches, besides the evaporator and
tools of the cannery The fruit includes all of this year's pack and part of
last. Mr. Wallace roughly estimates the loss on fruit at $5,000 ; insured
for $3,000. There is also $1,000 insurance on the building. Work was
nearly through for the .season, the cannery being engaged on late peaches.
As to the cause of the fire none is known, though incendiarism is .suspected.
* * * The ten thousand cans of tinned fruit made a novel feature

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. I 53

of the ruins ; and they exploded with the heat with low, dull booms, that
were still going on at the time of our visit, twelve hours after the fire."

A NOTABLE ARROYO FIRE.

The Union of October 9, 1885, reported :

"A fire started in the Arroyo Saturday morning. 3rd inst., by the care-
lessness of parties living in the Arroyo below Wallace's, and spread thence
up the Arroyo, carrying destruction in its wake. It extended up as far as
Devil's Gate and above, killing timber and destroying some of the flumes
and trestle work of the water companies. It also spread up the mountain
side, burning over most of Mr. Yocum's timber land, and miles of the
adjacent mountains, including the water-bearing lands of Painter & Ball,
and others. The loss amounts to thousands of dollars, and includes, be-
sides growing timber, much wood already cut, among which are thirtj^ cords
belonging to J. W. Wilson, and fifteen cords of Painter & Ball's. The dam-
age to growing timber is immense, and the resultant effects upon the water
supply is still more serious. J. D. Yocum lost $200 worth of cord- wood b}^
the fire, besides much standing timber ; his total loss estimated over $1,000.
It came within ten rods of his dwelling, and had to be fought off his build-
ings. ' '

CHINAMEN MOBBED.

In 1885 there was a Chinese wash-house on Fair Oaks Avenue below
Colorado street, in a rough board building owned by Jacob Hisej^ ; and one
or two houses back of it on Mills street, owned by A. F. Mills, were rented
to Chinamen for a store, employment office, lodging-rooms, etc. There
were then a great many transient day-laborers in Pasadena, and a good deal
of rough talk was indulged in against Chinamen. During the evening of
November 6, a large number of men and boys were loafing, smoking, and
talking "Chinaman" along the street in front of the wash-house. Three
or four Chinamen were at work ironing, with kerosene lamps for light.
Finally two of the crowd outside threw stones in at the door or window, one
of which hit an ironer at his work, and one struck a lamp, breaking it. The
oil was thus spattered over the clothes piled up on the ironing table, and in-
stantly the room was all ablaze with flame. The Chinamen fled for their
lives out the back way to Mills street, being pursued by a mob hurling
stones and sticks and vile imprecations after them. The building was then
looted from the rear before the flames got entire control ; and threats were
freely made of setting fire to the Mills street building also, into which the
Chinamen had fled for refuge and locked the doors and windows. Demand
was made that every Chinaman in town should leave that night or be hung ;
and some even began trying to tear down the buildings they were in, so as to
get at them. For the rest of the story I here quote from the Union of
November 13:

"After the fire, November 6, a number of men and boys went to the
China houses on Mills street, and considerable talk was made of raiding
them, but cooler-headed citizens succeeded in quieting the crowd and in
giving the Chinese twenty-four hours to leave town. Chief among those

154 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

whose efforts were valuable in preserving order and averting acts of violence
were Deputy Sheriff Thomas Banbur3% B. F. Ball, George A. Greele3^ and
I. N. Mundell, who exerted themselves manfully and courageously in favor
of law and order, and happily with success. No buildings were torn down,
other than the one referred to, to save the MuUins Block. Of the buildings
destroyed Mr. Mills owned only one, and that was the meat market. All
these Chinese tenants, both of Mr. Mills and Mr. Hisey, were soon to leave
anj^way, having made arrangements to go by December i. Mr. Banbury
had, ten days before the fire, leased them ground for a store and a wash-house,
these premises being away outside the town center, and out of the way ot
annoying anyone. Mr. Clark, the carpenter, had made arrangements with
the other Chinese tenants to erect places for them immediately in the same
neighborhood ; thus removing the entire lot of Chinamen from the center of
the town. Next morning a citizens meeting was held at T. P. lyukens.
office, at which C. B. Ripley presided and Charles A. Gardner was Secretary.
The following resolutions were adopted :

''Resolved, That it is the sentiment of this communit}^ that no Chinese
quarters be allowed within the following limits of Pasadena : Orange Grove
and Lake Avenues, California street and Mountain Avenue.

''Resolved, That the Chinamen now within said limits be given reason-
able time to depart ; and that if any have paid rent in advance for premises
within said limits, the persons receiving such advance paj'^ments be requested
to refund same.

"Resolved, That it is the sentiment of this meeting that no mob-law be
allowed in Pasadena, but that everything be done decently and in order ;
that the good name of our community depends upon its law-abiding character,
and that we will use all necessary means to preserve such character.

"Signed by P. M. Green, R. Williams, A. Cruickshank, E. C. Webster,
W. O. Swan, Jr., James Clark, T. P. I^ukens A K. McQuilling, Byron O.
Clark, T. Banbury, I. S. Goldman, Charles A. Gardner, W. E. Coolev, C.
B. Ripley, J. W. Wood, Thomas Rigg, M. D., C. Ehrenfeld, S. H. Doolittle,
Wm. Pierce, A. F. Mills, W. P. McCoy, T. H. Arthur, J. Hisey, M. Mul-
lins, J. H. Fleming, E. T. Dearth, G. A. Greeley, W. W. Doolittle,
Wesley Bunnell, Charles I.egge, John Ball, D. Galbraith, E. Turner, S. H.
Lowe, J. C. Kerr, M. D.

"The above were fully carried out, the Chinamen have gone, and order
reigns."

RAII^ROAD ACCIDENT.

In September, 1886, freight conductor M. E. Griffith was thrown from
his train in the Raymond cut and four cars passed over him. The Unioyi
of September 1 1 , said :

" The head was severed completely from the bodjs all but a small piece
of skin at the back of the neck ; the left arm also severed from the body, all
but a small piece of skin above the elbow ; the right leg below the knee the
same ; the left leg crushed through the thigh, rather than severed. As for
the face, it was calm and serene, not in the least disfigured, showing con-
clusively how terribly sudden his agony was over. The jury rendered their
verdict that the deceased came to his death ' by reason of striking a water
pipe across the line of the L. A. & S. G. V. R. R. accidentally.' "

DIVISION TWO — COI.ONIAL. 1 55

A Furious Cow. — The Star oi May i8, 1889, says:
' ' A cow having a calf broke away from a band that was being driven
to the Union market slaughter-house, and charged eastward at full speed,
bent on mischief. On Summit Avenue a child was saved from being run
down by running into the house, and on reaching Marengo Avenue the
maddened animal saw a crowd coming from the Friends church, where a
meeting had been held. She first made for Wilson Kirk (whose wife was
hurt by another cow a short time ago), knocked him down, then directed
her fury against Mrs. Williams, a lady of Modena who was attending the
meeting, catching her on her horns and throwing her high in the air. Mr.
Kirk was but slightly hurt, but Mrs. Williams was cut in the face and in-
jured about the limbs. The next person in the path of the bovine hap-
pened to be Jonathan W. Bailey, one of our venerable and well-known
citizens, whom she knocked down and gored, breaking his collar bone,
bruising his face, and probably injuring him internally. Mr. Kirk and oth-
ers beat off the cow with clubs, when she made for a buggy, but was
stopped by a shot fired by the herder. Two charges of shot and a bullet
from a Winchester were required to bring the animal down. Mr. Bailey
was taken into O. Burlingame's residence, and Drs. Grinnell and Dixon
called, who dressed his wounds."

THREK CHII^DREN BURNED TO DEATH.

The Pasadena Standard oi September 21, 1889, reports :
"Wednesday night about half after ten o'clock a house occupied by
Mrs. Beaton on Orange Grove Avenue below California street caught fire
and burned to the ground. Three little boys, aged three, five and ten
years, were burned to death. •

" lyittle Johnny and his sister Mary were asleep in one room, while
Willie and the baby were in their mother's bed in the adjoining room. The
children had all retired about half past seven o'clock. The mother sat up
sewing till after ten, then went up-stairs with a large kerosene lamp, nearly
full of oil. She set it down on a box, and went to see if the children were
all right in the other room, when somehow not known the lamp fell to the
floor and broke, spreading the oil, and instantly the room was all ablaze.
She grasped a quilt from the bed and tried in vain to smother the fire with
it, getting badly burned herself in the effort. I^ittle Mary, only seven
years old, jumped up, called to Johnny, then ran to the window and broke
it out with her bare feet and hands, getting them severely cut, climbed out
on the little porch roof, and from there into an orange tree and down to the
ground. The up-stairs rooms were low, half-story attics, and the blaze of
the oil reached to the roof slopes, and caught quickly into curtains, bed-
clothes, and hanging-garments. Mrs. Beaton finding it impossible to reach
the younger children through the doorway, got out on the porch roof to try
to break through the other window and so get to them ; but the room was a
mass of flame, and she was in extreme agony both from having drawn
flame and smoke into her throat and lungs, and mental anguish for her
children, so that she sank powerless, and jumped or fell from the roof into
Mr. John Withiel's arms, he being the only person who had yet reached the
scene. In a few minutes Rev. Geo. P. Kimball got there, then Rev. D. D.
Hill and others. But ere this the three little boys were suffocated, and en-
tirely beyond reach of human aid, the whole up-stairs of the house being

156 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

one volume of intense flame. Mrs. Beaton was carried to Rev. Kimball's
temporary residence and has had to have night and day watchers continu-
ally. At last accounts she was not expected to live."

However, the woman did recover. The children had been members of
the Congregational Sunday School, and were there in their classes the Sun-
day before. The Sunday after, a funeral service was held for them at the
church, their charred remains, burnt and crisped beyond all possible recog-
nition, having been buried on Saturday. Much censure and reproach was
vented upon the fire company in connection with this calamitous fire. The
city council therefore appointed a day and sat as a court of inquiry upon
the case. It was then proved that the fire company had done all that they
possibly could under the circumstances, and were in nowise at fault or justly
blamable for au}^ part of the dreadful affair. However, it resulted in
some additional facilities being provided for fire protection.

STREET CAR SMASH-UP.

May 30, 1892, the street car line up Fair Oaks Avenue to Mountain
View Cemetery engaged to carry the G. A. R. men and their friends attending
the decoration ceremonies of Memorial Day. In the afternoon two cars were
loaded full of people at the cemetery, %hen coupled together and started to run
as far down as the Painter Hotel by gravity, without any horses attached.
But when about half way down the cars jumped the track, the forward one
rolling over down the embankment westward, while the other one was
smashed and racked but not turned over. Yet, marvelous to tell, while
nearly every man, woman and child on the two cars were hurt in some way,
none were killed, and only two cases of broken bones or serious injury
occurred.

LOST IN THE MOUNTAINS.

November 18, 1893, L. C. Winston, Esq., was lost in the mountains
north of Pasadena during a snow storm, and perished alone, his body not
being found, nothwithstanding the best efforts of experienced search parties,
until by merest accident about nine months afterward. Mr. Winston was
one of the earliest settlers here, even before the colony, and had been a
lawyer and notary public in Pasadena for many years ; while his wife had
been a teacher in the public schools much longer than any other person.
Hence his loss and death in the mountains was perhaps the most notable
calamity in the entire history of the settlement ; and I glean from newspaper
reports at the time a resume of particulars of the dreadful case. He was
out on a hunting and health trip, in company with Charles Brown of
Pasadena and Palmer Reed of Sierra Madre. And now I quote from the
Pasadena Star of November 23, 1893 :

"The facts regarding the affair, as related by Messrs. Brown and Reed,
are as follows : About three weeks ago these two gentlemen and Mr. Win-
ston went over into the mountains on a hunting and pleasure trip, taking

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 57

along plenty of provisions and other supplies, packed on three burros.
They made their main camp in a cabin at a point about six miles east of
Pine Flats, called Chillao, but after a time moved on six miles farther east-
ward and camped in Buckhorn Canyon, one of the tributaries of Rock creek,
which runs into the desert north of the Sierra Madre range. Mr. Reed, who
is a resident of Sierra Madre, took one or two carrier pigeons with him and
one of them arrived home a week ago to-day, bearing the message that all
the party were in camp in Buckhorn Canyon, and all well.

"The next morning (Friday) it began to snow and blow, and the three
men immediately made preparations to pack up and start for home. While
Reed got breakfast, Winston and Brown went out to hunt up the burros.
They kept together for a short distance and then separated, the former going
west and the latter southeast. Brown soon found the animals and accord-
ing to agreement gave a signal by hallooing. He kept this up until he came
back to camp, but there was no response. The two men then fired their
guns and blew a tin horn they carried, keeping the signals going until about
eleven o'clock, but getting no response.

"They then concluded that Mr. Winston had kept on in the direction he
had started, expecting to find the burros at Chillao cabin, so they packed up
and left for that point, arriving about six o'clock in the evening. When
they pulled out of Buckhorn Canyon the snow was still falling and had
already attained a depth of nearly two feet. Farther west, however, the
fall had been lighter and did not ob.scure the trail.

"No signs of Winston were found at the cabin and the two men spent
an anxious night. Saturday and Sunday they spent in searching for their
lost companion, but to no avail, and Monday morning they packed up and
started for home, arriving at Sierra Madre Tuesday night at ii o'clock, all
worn out and distressed. Brown was hardly able to return this morning
with the rescuing party, but he did go.

" Mr. Brown says that on Tuesday night last Mr. Winston became con-
fused as to his location while out hunting and was obliged to remain out all
night and wait for daylight to get his bearings. It is a very rough country,
and in a blinding storm it is easy to lose all ideas of place and distance. Mr.
Winston had a narrow escape some years ago not far from the same camp,
when he was out two days and two nights without food."

That was Thursday. Then Friday's paper said :

"Two of the best mountaineers in town, Jud Blick and Lew Newcome,
started up the toll trail immediately upon the return of Mr. Winston's com-
panions, Messrs. Brown and Reed, yesterday morning ; and this morning
another party composed of Palmer Reed, Charley Winston, Charley Brown,
Cal Hartwell, Mart. Weight and Frank Grant, left for the summit in one of
Wiley & Greely's teams, proposing to take pack animals at the foot of the
trail."

The next week the paper reported :

"Two of the men who have been in the mountains since last Wednes-
day and Thursday hunting for L. C. Winston returned about noon today
after more provisions. They are Charley Winston, a half brother of Lang,
and Jud Blick. The returned men bring no tidings of Winston that affords
the least reliable clue as to his whereabouts or his condition. Charley
Winston went on home soon after arriving, to prepare several pack loads of

158 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

supplies, with which he will start back tonight. Jud will go back in a
couple of days with another supply."

Then the Star oi December 14, said :

" Messrs. Chas. Brown, Jos. and Grant Griswold, John Hartwell, A.
L,effler and Reney returned yesterday afternoon from their expedition up the
Arroyo Seco in quest of L,. C. Winston, bringing no encouraging news what-
ever. They made a very thorough search of the main and tributary can-
yons as far up as the divide between the headwaters of the Arroyo and the
Tejunga, with side trips down the Tejunga and west branch of the San
Gabriel, but absolutely no trace of the missing man could be found. The
region about Barley Flats was explored also Another small party, headed
by one of Mr. Winston's brothers, has gone over to Chillao and beyond, and
they will continue the search in that direction."

The next report is of date December 20, and says :

"Another party has been made up to go in search of L. C. Winston,
consisting of John Hartwell, Joe and Grant Griswold and Charley Brown.
IvOU Newcombe is already over on the Tejunga and the others will join him
there and all will establish a camp at Chillao, where there is a cabin. They
have all been in former searching parties and know the mountains thoroughly.
They will go well prepared with provisions and clothing, so that they can
weather storms. Those who are not familiar with the trails and canyons of
the range should by no means venture into the mountains at this time of
year. It is dangerous work for experienced mountaineers, and for others the
danger is vastly increased."

These brief quotations from long articles will show what deep interest
was felt and great effort made to find the missing man, dead or alive. Yet
not the least clue was found, or heard of him, until the following account
appeared, dated L,os Angeles,' August 16, 1894:

" On Tuesday a young man who was hunting in the L^ittle Rock Creek
Canyon found the body of the lost man, L. C. Winston. Little Rock Creek
Canyon runs into the Sierra Madre mountains up to Mount Waterman,
which is the divide between the San Gabriel Canyon and the Little Rock
Creek Canyon. A party consisting of J. B. Martin, W. A. Pallette, R. B.
Burns, C. E. Meiggs, Fred Lees and Charles Brossart were camping; and on
Tuesday Meiggs took his rifle and went up a little tributary canyon looking
for deer. Losing his bearings, he climbed upon a high rock and looked
about. As he clambered down he saw what appeared to be a man in an
overcoat sleeping alongside a log. As he approached he was horrified to see
that the man was dead, the legs being detached from the body, both being
some distance away. The bones of the feet were still encased in the shoes.
The trunk was wrapped in a heavy overcoat, which was closely buttoned
and belted. The hat was on the skull, the hair and beard still clinging to
the tightly drawn parchment-like skin. An investigation showed that the
remains were undoubtedly those of Winston, for a cob pipe bearing his
name, a bowie knife, also engraved, his watch, a match box and other
articles were found in the pockets of the clothes. The body is twelve miles
from the nearest house and can only be reached by pack-train in about two
days' travel. The campers left the body where it was found, marking the
locality so that it could be easily found again, and started at once for the city,

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 59

arriving early this morning and going at once to Pasadena, where the Win-
ston family was notified. A party of friends of the dead man started at
once for the lyittle Rock Creek Canyon, and will bring back the remains as
soon as possible." *

On Tuesday morning, August i6, about eight o'clock, policeman A. O.
Bristol was informed by Ernest Meiggs of East Los Angeles that he had
found Winston's body, and had come to report the matter. Bristol at once
went with him to the residence of W. S. Wright, Esq., and Mrs. Winston
with the information. And by noon train Mr. Wright, Mr. Meiggs and
Peter Steil started to recover and bring in the body. They had to go by
S. P. Railroad to Palmdale, thence by team twenty-two miles to Pallette
ranch on the north side of the mountains, thence by pack mules about
twenty miles up Rock Creek Canyon. The spot where the body lay was five
or six miles from the camp that Winston had started from, when he got be-
wildered and lost in the snow storm ; and it is likely that some of the
search parties sent out eight or nine months before had passed within fifty
yards of the body without discovering it. August 20, Messrs. Wright and
Steil returned to Pasadena with the remains. August 21, Coroner Cates
held an inquest, with the following jurymen : Ed. lyockett, Thos. Banbury,
Samuel Weight, E. A. Mote, B. A. Sparks, Thos. Grimes, Geo. Swerdfiger,
S. O. McGrew, and G. W. Benedict, foreman. In his testimony before the
jury, W. S. Wright said : "The range on which the body was found is es-
timated to be next highest to Baldy in the Sierra Madre range. It is two
or three miles north of Waterman range, and is in section 18, township 3,
north, of range 10 west." They buili a cairn or monument of stones to
mark the place, and named it Winston mountain.

Mr. Winston had long been an honored member of the Ancient Order
of United Workmen, and they conducted his burial. They also paid his
life certificate of $2,000 to his widow.

WINERY TANK EXPLOSION.

October 8, 1894, occurred at Lamada Park one of the most horrible catas-
trophes that fall within the province of this history to record. Workmen
were engaged at re-arranging some old and putting in some new apparatus
at the winery there. The manager, Albert Brigden, was standing on an
old tank, three of which had just been newly placed, testing a stop-cock
while the engineer was letting in steam. Adam Schumann, the company's
cooper, had warned Brigden that those tanks were not safe ; but he insisted
that they were all right, and must be tested to adjust the gauge points for
the uses they were to serve. So both men were on the tanks at four o'clock
p. m. when the explosion occurred. The Los Angeles Times report of the
event said :

" Brigden and Schumann were upon a platform over a series of three
large wooden casks, or tanks, used in the process of distilling, situated in a

l6o HISTORY OF PASADENA.

new building which the company had just erected. Mr. Brigden was
directly over the first of these tanks, engaged in trying some stop-cocks,
the cooper standing some feet away, nearer the central cask. The engin-
eer, on the ground below, was engaged ii! turning into the cask a pressure
of steam, indicated on the boiler's gauge as fifty pounds, for the purpose of
heating the water in the vessel. Suddenly, with a loud report, the upper
end of the cask blew upward in a cloud of steam and a deluge of boiling
water, .striking and enveloping both the men on the platform, carrying them
to the roof, Mr. Brigden falling to the ground, a distance of .something like
twenty feet, and Mr. Schumann lodging on the staging. Mr. Brigden,
scalded all over and stunned by his terrific fall, had yet sufficient strength
to run to the office, where he called for help to take off his clothing. When
this was finally done, and by his direction he had been bathed in oil and
wrapped in blankets, the flesh falling from his hands and back, he was
carried to his home, over a mile away, where physicians ministered to him
up to the hour of his death. "

Mr. Brigden was a member of John F. Godfrey Post G. A. R. of Pasa-
dena, and his burial was conducted by the Post, at Mountain View ceme-
tery. He had resided here about fifteen years, and was brother-in-law to,
and business partner in the winery with, Hon. J. F. Crank.

The other man, Adam Schumann, suffered great agony from his injur-
ies and lay in a critical condition several weeks, but finally recovered.

A long list of minor accidents, shootings, fires, etc., I had to omit, be-
cause they would overload my pages with their numerousness.

STORMS, FLOODS, CLIMIATE, ETC.

There have been some storm periods, and incidents connected with
them, besides occasional extremes of weather, which form historic way-
marks in the course of years. And I have gleaned what I could that
seemed of enough celebrity at the time to be worth preserving for reference
when similar freaks of weather shall occur hereafter. The Centennial His-
tory of lyos Angeles County, page 52, says :

1861-62.

" At Los Angeles, the flood of 1 861 62 began with the rain on Christ-
mas eve, 1 86 1, and continued almost without intermission until January 17,
1862, on which last day, 3 o'clock p. m., fell tremendous torrents of water,
accompanied by loud claps of thunder and vivid lightning."

The Historical Society's pamphlet, published in 1890, page 36, makes
mention of the same storm, thus :

"The Arroyo Seco, swollen to a mighty river, brought down from the
mountains and canyons great rafts of drift-wood that, lodging here and
there in the channel of the Los Angeles, formed dams that turned the cur-
rent hither and thither, tearing away the low banks, and spreading the
waters .still further over the valley, then, breaking away, the drift was
carried down and spread over the plains below the city. The drift-wood
brought down by that flood furnished fuel for the poor people of the city for

¥

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. l6l

several years. It began raining on December 24, 1861, and continued for
thirty days, with but two slight interruptions."

1865.
Of a severe storm this year Judge Eaton writes : ,

"About once a year — generally in the month of February, but certainly
during the winter months — we are visited with an electric storm that comes
directly over the mountains, but loses its force rapidly as it leaves the base
and spreads over the plains. The first of these I ever saw came the day I
arrived at Fair Oaks, February 3, 1865. It commenced at sundown, at the
close of one of the most perfect daj^s I ever saw. There had been heavy
rains and the earth was thoroughly soaked with water. The result was,
many of the stalwart old oaks scattered about the ranch were prostrated.
This storm lasted about 48 hours and was the worst one I have ever seen
in this section. Once since then the storm has repeated itself on the same
day and date, but was not so violent. Since the settlement of Pasadena,
twenty years ago, there have been but one or two storms that did enough
damage to be worthy of notice.

1880-81-82.

For the Farnsworth pamphlet, published in 1883, Dr. I. S. P. Lord
furnished a valuable article on "Disease and Climate," based on his own
weather records and notes as a practicing physician ; and from this I quote,
p. 105:

"January 27, 1888, we had a snow storm, and snow lay on the ground
several hours before melting, and was seen on the foothills south in patches
the next day. Again, January 12, 1882, it snowed till the ground was
white. On the 8th of December, 1881, it blew a gale all night and injured
some buildings, etc. There were three hot, sultry nights in 1879, such as
they have at the East. * * Ice in the winter of 1882 and '83 attained
the thickness of three-fourths of an inch under very favorable circumstances,
as direct exposure and shallow water."

Of the wind storm above noted on December 8,' 188 1, P. G. Wooster
writes : " Although our cottage was well braced and built in the form of a
T, my wife did not dare remain indoors, but went out and sat down in the
barley patch and held on to the stubble."

1882 and 1883 were "dry years," but 1884 gave destructive floods.
The Pasadena Valley Union of February 23 [Saturday], 1884, says :

" Never in the history of lyos Angeles county has been recorded so
great a storm nor so destructive a one as that just passed, and for many
years to come the " rain of '84 " will figure as an epoch from which to date
important events in our meteorological history. As we went to press last
Saturday, our record for the three weeks past shows 19.51 inches for that
period, and all Saturday it continued. After dark the fall increased in force
and came down in torrents which continued without intermission until the
afternoon of Sunday, when a little rest was had ; but only for a short
period, for it was collecting renewed energy for another downpour, continu-

l62 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ing until midnigiit, when it cleared. No great damage was sustained in
and around Pasadena beyond some heavy washes upon the steeper slopes
and mesas, although some complain of owning an acre or two of real estate
that had been transported from their neighbor's orchards by heavy washing.
The most serious damage was done to the main cement ditch beyond John
W. Wilson's ranch, about a mile of which was buried in the sand and
debris, and about fifty feet destroyed. In the valley everything was flooded.
At San Gabriel culverts were partiall)^ destroyed, and the plain beyond,
embracing the El Monte and Savannah districts were covered with water.
* Ji-- >i< The Pasadena Central School has been closed during the
past week on account of the storm, but will re-open as usual on Monday."
[Several items through the paper show extensive rainfall, mudholes, wash-
outs, impassable roads and streets at this time.]

The same paper of March 8th says : ' ' On Monday morning [March 3]
began another rain storm that for damage done surpasses the one last re-
corded." The storm continued till Thursday, accompanied at intervals
with sharp thunder and lightning. The local report continues : "A
heavy and deep wash, beginning south of Mountain Avenue, near lyake
Avenue, extended into one corner of the Mutual Orchard Co.'s orange
grove, but beyond that shallowing out over a large area, then again cutting
heavily wherever the ground has been recently plowed. Farther up the
slope, crossing the Crank property, another large wash occurs, extending
down through the lands of Clark Maudlin, Henry Wood and Samuel
Bundy. On the Gano, Banbury and Woodbury estates, the damages have
been very great, and will require thousands of dollars to repair. It is said a
double harrow was carried bodily from somewhere about Swartwout's ranch
down to near Villa street. [Over a mile.] This will give an idea of the
force of the torrent."

"Later: About 250 feet of the main ditch on the Lake Vineyard
Co.'s lands was washed out by the late storm."

Again, March 15, the Union says : "This season will certainly exceed
any previously recorded one, for rainfall. The wet season of 1862 gave this
county 36 inches of' rain, and not since then has it reached 30 inches.
Now we have 35. 18, with two or three good months to hear from ; so we can
predict from 40 to 45 inches with almost a certainty."

I remember myself that during 1884 rain fell sometime during every
calendar month of that year except September. The Union of October 1 1 ,
says :

" A light rain accompanied by thunder and lightning, visited Pasadena
on Thursday. At Los Angeles and along the Sierra Madre mountains it
rained quite heavily, and an old-fashioned thunderstorm seemed to be rag-
ing in the mountains. ' '

The paper also mentioned generous. showers on December 7, 8 and 11.

WEDDING MUSICIANS SOUSED IN THE ARROYO,

Wednesday evening, April 9, 1885, a notable and historic wedding oc-
curred at the residence of E. F. Hurlbut on Orange Grove Avenue. Miss
Jessie Banbury, daughter of Col, J. Banbury, was married to Dr. F, De W.
Crank, brother of J. F. Crank, who was President of the first railroad into

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL. 1 63

Pasadena, and afterward built the great system of cableroads in lyos Angeles.
It had been planned to have the marriage ceremony at the M. E. Church,
and then a reception at Mr. Hurlbut's, which was the largest and most com-
modious residence then in the colony and was freely offered for the occasion,
Col. Banbury's family being old friends and neighbors. But a great rain-
storm compelled the entire proceedings to be held at the house. The mar-
riage service was performed by Rev. Solomon Dunton, grandfather of the
bride. A string band had been engaged to come out from I^os Angeles and
play, for the wedding guests to enjoy a little dancing. And here is where
the romance of history comes into the case. The Pasadena arid Valley
Union of April 12, 1884, says :

" When Wangeman's string band, who were en route for the Crank-
Banbury wedding, attempted to cross the Arroyo Seco on Wednesday even-
ing, the vehicle was upset and the bold musicians were incontinently dumped
into the 'raging main.' Being swimmers, they 'swam for the shore'
with a will, but minus a valuable violin and a cornet, which they lost in the
stream. A city hack happening along opportunely, conveyed them to their
destination, their own team being badly damaged. Mr. Hurlbut's old
clothes were in demand ; and it was a little funny to observe the musical
gentlemen wearing pants twelve inches too long, and coats with the waist
seam where the tails should end."

1885.

The Valley Unioji of Saturday, November 20, said :

' ' The flumes of the Pasadena I^ake Vineyard Land and Water Company
at Devil's Gate were washed away by the high waters Wednesday night,
and will be immediately re-built at a cost of about $150 to $200."

The Unioti of January 22, 1886, gives this report:

"The experience of November 18 was repeated January 18 — with a
singular coincidence, just two months to a day. Rain had been falling with
little intermis.sion for several days, and Monday night there came a crisis.
On that day and night fell over four inches of water, and everything was
afloat. Great streams rushed through the streets, and at every available
point miniature lakes formed, though thanks to the good natural drainage of
Pasadena, the chances for the latter were very limited. The storm was
severe and Eastern in its character. Good, old-fashioned, orthodox thunder
and lightning, such as they wore in our grandmother's days, was startlingly
frequent, and reminded the hearer of ' artillery of heaven ' that used to be
so favorite an accompaniment of western eloquence. Next morning the
trains of our local road, which have become a pleasant feature of Pasadena
life, were conspicuous for their absence. They did, indeed, toot a whistle
afar ofl" — away up toward Eamanda Park — but it was a case of ' thus far
shalt thou come, and no farther' — they remained afar oif and did not ap-
proach Pasadena. The cause was a big vacuum where there ought to have
been a road-bed across the ' wash ' about Hill Avenue. This was repaired,
but on the same day (Tuesday) washed out again and had to be rebuilt.
There was also a washout of the culvert at Marengo Avenue. This did

164 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

not amount to much. Further down the damages were, a cave on the track
at the Raymond cut, a similar one at the east end of the upper Arro^^o
bridge, a washout under the track opposite Sycamore Grove, a big washout
at the lower Arroyo bridge, and extensive damage at lyos Angeles. The
bridge over the river at that place stood, but the approaches to it at both ends
were washed away, the largest break being at the north end. From here the
turn-table was carried and swept down the river against the Downey Aven-
ue bridge, which it weakened so that a part of that structure also gave way
and was carried down the stream. In L,os Angeles the track in the yard
was washed out and the passenger station undermined and carried down
stream, it going against the S. P. bridge, where it had to be broken up to
save the latter structure. The loss to the railroad we do not know, but
judge that $5,000 would not be far out of the way.

"Next to the railroad loss, perhaps the greatest injury about Pasadena
is to the water companies, whose works in the Arroyo were all at the mercy
of the torrent. The flumes of the Pasadena L,. V. L. & W. Company,
which were carried away in November, were taken again this time, and
will cause the same expense over again that it did before to replace them.
The Orange Grove Company also lost some of their iron piping about
Devil's Gate. The reservoir near the college broke away, and perhaps
others that we have not heard of. Railroad communication with L^os An-
geles is thus far suspended, only a construction train running to carry the
workmen repairing the breaks. They take passengers for the first time to-
day, leaving them at the river. Regular trains will not be resumed until
the Los Angeles river bridge is made passable, which it is hoped to do to-
morrow. No mail came Tuesday, but the stage has since supplied the de-
ficiency. ' '

January 29, the paper said :

" The mail came up by cars Friday evening, for the first time since
Monday (Wednesday and Thursday it came by stage), and was a big one-
thirteen bags, the largest ever received here."

December 14, 1887, a wind storm occurred which blew down Mr. Gould's
residence at North Pasadena, then unfinished, although occupied by the
family, and some its members were slightly injured. Other damage was
done hereabouts, but nothing serious.

P. G. Wooster reports from his memorandum of February 29, 1888 : "It
hailed just at night. The heavy rain last night did much damage to streets. ' '

This year was marked by a grievous visitation of worms ; and the
Pasadena Standard of May 1 1 , reported about it thus :

"They destroyed the tomato, squash and pea vines in our own garden,
besides roses, geraniums, verbenas, fuchias and other things in our front
yard. It is the California cutworm or W-marked cutworm — Agrotis clan-
destina — described in Matthew Cooke's work as " a naked, greasy looking,
i6-legged caterpillar or worm. Order Lepidoptera; family Nodiddae. Do
their devouring mostly by night."

DIVISION Two — COLONIAt. 165

GREAT STORM — FOUR CHURCHES BI.OWN DOWN,
189I.

The Pasadena Daily Star of December 11, 1891, said :
" Four years ago yesterday there was a storm of exceptional violence.
Houses were unroofed and trees blown down, but no great destruction was
wrought. lyast night this section was visited by the hardest blow it has ex-
perienced within the memory of the oldest resident. It was the culmination
of the storm which began the night before, and it appeared to reach its
height between three and four o'clock this morning. The wind came from
the north and northwest at hurricane speed, rocking houses, taking off tin
roofs and chimneys, threshing the fruit off from trees, bending and breaking
down shade trees, driving through the streets and into the houses clouds of
fine dust gathered on the wings of the storm as it came swooping down
through the Canyada and the mesa at the foot of the mountains."

The paper then goes on to give a full account in detail of the destruc-
tion wrought ; and I have compiled from its report the following table of
principal losses :

Presbyterian church on East Colorado street ; tall, elegant round steeple
blown over into the street.

First Methodist church, corner Marengo Avenue and Colorado street ;
tall, square steeple with bell in it, blown over on the church roof and crush-
ing it down.

Christian church on South De lyacy street ; all blown down — a total
wreck.

North Co7igregational chtirch, corner North Raymond Avenue and Jef-
ferson street ; total wreck.

Raymond hotel, tin roof blown off from tower, eight or nine brick
chimneys blown down, crashing through veranda roofs, and many windows
broken.

Arcade block, tin roofing torn off, chimneys and iron cornice blown
down, and $1,000 worth of heavy plate glass broken.

Brockway block, corner Marengo Avenue and Colorado street ; chim-
neys, roofing, skylights, cornices whisked and hurled away into the street,
and five great lights of plate glass worth $1,000 broken.

E. S. Frost's two-story frame building near the corner of Broadway and
Colorado street totally demolished, killing a horse and smashing up two
buggies and a valuable bicycle.

Williams Hall, tin roof torn off.

Haskins's two-story brick blacksmith and carriage building on West
Union street unroofed.

The Steam Laundry, two-story building on Wilson Avenue and Villa
street, a total wreck. Machinery not much damaged.

Capt. Thornton'' s two-story frame block on South Fair Oaks Avenue
went to smash, down across the sidewalk.

Nine or ten cottages or dwellings were mentioned as blown down, be-
sides many more residences and business houses more or less severely dam-
aged ; and yet nobody seriously hurt within Pasadena.

1 66

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The telephone and telegraph service was of course in a state of wreck-
age ; but the railroads did not miss a train. As the damage to buildings
and personal property was caused by wind and not by fire, there was no in-
surance to recoup any of these losses.

March 21, 1894, icicles eight inches long were reported at Rev. Mr.
Northrop's, 330 North lyake Avenue, and frost spray all around on the
shrubbery, guavas, etc. This was deemed remarkable enough at the time
to give it publicity.

Mr. Harold S. Channing, our young meteorologist, grandson of the
eminent Wm. Kllery Channing, D. D., of Boston, prepared the following
valuable tables for the Pasadena Star in October, 1894, ^^^ ^ copy them
here for permanent reference :

RECORD OF RAINFALI. AT PASADENA.

YEAR

JAN.

FEB.

MAR.

APR.

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUG.

SEPT.

OCT.

NOV. DEC. THEVR.

1882

.80

I.30

■25

.00

.10
.12

•4S
.9-31

.07

.00

.62

.80

1.70
.00

•89

7-49

1^15

1. 12

5-68

1-43

■35

■05

3-72

.20

.00
2-73
3^95
2.05

■17
4.98
6.71
17.17
3-52
2.25
4^30
4-77

1883

■93
6.10
1.22
7.40

.19
7.40

.09
7.92

.14
1-54
7.65
I-5I

4-45
13,21

.00

2.32

10.66
1-57
1.08
2.66

10.75

3-40

2.78

.82

1.80
12.99

•05
2.43

.27
5.62
8.83

.90

.68
4-23
9.84

.96

.58

5-93
3.00
4.11

■^l
1.84
•25
•47
•13

2.36

•77
•33
.10
.28
.00
■95
.20
•73
3 94
.70
.61

.05
1.90
.11
•05
.00
.00
.00

.06

.00
.00
.00
.00

.00
.00
.00

■05
•17

.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00

.00
.20
.14
.26
.00
.00

.62

.00
.00
.00
.00

.09

.00
.00
.00

.04

■33

.00
.00

.26
.09

.00
.00

.85

14.20
46.19

14^39
i8.i8

1884

1885

1886

1887

20.45
27.89
39-89
16.54
16.53

i8><8

i88q

1890

i8qi

1892

189^

27.21

1894

3-51

4-32

4-05

1.67

.QI -iS

I-I5

1.98 -t-^8

23-95

Data furnished by Thos. Nelmes. Computed by H. S. Channing.

COMPARISON OF THE AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL OF PASADENA AND LOS ANGELES FOR THE PAST
TWELVE YEARS, BEGINNING OCTOBER, 1882.

JAN.

FEB.

MAR.

APR.

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUG.

SEPT.

OCT.

NOV.

DEC.

Los Angeles

3.02
3-51
*ii6

3.76
4.42

*ii5

3-42
405
*il8

i^i5
♦140

•50

-91

*l82

.14

.18

*129

.04
.02

*55

.06

.11

*IS3

•13

•13

*I00

.90

I-I5

*I28

1. 71
1.98

*ii6

3-84
4.38
*III

18.67
22.41
*I20

Ratio of Pasda. to V,. A.

*Per cent. H. S. Channing, Voluntary Observer.

The record for 1884 shows the largest rainfall for any one year of the
duodecade ; and December, 1889, shows the largest amount in one month.

LIGHTNING STRIKES A BARN.
1893-

The first and only record or report of damage done by lightning in
Pasadenaland that I found was the case of Banning Bros.' barn, December
27, 1893. The Daily Star of that date said :

" About 4 o'clock this morning, during the sharp thunder storm that
was prevailing, an alarm of fire was rung in from the center of town and
the department turned out in the driving and copious rain to find that
the large barn of Banning Bros, on Walnut street near the Terminal R. R.
track was on fire. * * The fire was caused by lightning striking the
corrugated iron roof. A resident of that section of town says he saw the
bolt strike and that it appeared to split the roof in two parts, and to send up

DIVISION TWO — COLONIAL.

167

as if by the rebound, a ball of fire. The burnt building belonged to Ban-
ning Bros., of L,os Angeles, and was formerly used for their transportation
company stables. Of late it has been leased for storing hay, and at the time
of the fire Hammell & Co. had about sevent-five tons of that commodity
in it."

In another article the same paper said :

" The crisis in the rain storm which set in anew Monday night, was
reached about 4 o'clock this morning, when commingled rain and hail
poured down fiercely, accompained by wind and sharp thunder and light-
ning. It was the most pronounced pyrotechnic display by the heavenly
forces we remember to have experienced in Southern California."

And Harold S. Channing, volunteer observer for the U. S. Weather
Bureau, reported upon this same storm thus :

"The sharp electrical display and hailstorm of 4 a. m. this morning
was due to the unusual northward movement of the storm center yesterday
off the Southern California coast to Northern California. The storm center
passed east of this meridian at 10 a. m. An abnormal fall of .37 inch in
barometric pressure occurred yesterday. The total rainfall for the present
storm up to 10 a. m. is 2.20 inches." December 27, 1893.

ORANGE GROVE AVENUE AT CROSSING OF CALIFORNIA STREET, LOOKING SOUTH— 1883.

This Oak Tree and one other determined the location of Orange Grove Avenue. The first school
and school-house, the first postoffice appointment, and the two first churches in the Colony, were all at
or near this corner, with a view to starting the "business center" here.

1 68 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS.
CHAPTER IX.

Annals of the Schooi^s. — First schoolteacher and first pupils. — School buildings from
1874 to 1894. — Successive teachers for twenty years. — Successive trustees for twenty
years. — The central school lot's public sale, 1886. — Graduates of High School. —
Tables of School statistics.

Our Colleges, etc. — Sierra Madre College. — Pasadena Academy. — Throop Polytechnic In-
stitute.— Father Throop Day. — Classical Schools. — Business College.

List of Pasadena Graduates or Stndents at State Normal School, State University, Stan-
ford University, and Pomona College.

ANNALS OF THE SCHOOLS.

The colony settlers of Pasadena were of that class of people who regard
puplic schools not as a mere ornamental appendage, but as one of the prime
necessities of a civilized community. They were connected with San Gabriel
for school purposes ; but measures were taken at once to have a new school
district, to be called San Pasqual, created by the County Board of Super-
visors. This was effected in August, 1874, and J. Banbury and H. G. Ben-
nett were appointed as the first trustees of the new district, and Thos. F.
Croft as school census marshal. They held their first meeting August 27,
1874, and organized for business by making J. Banbury chairman, and H. G.
Bennett clerk. On September 7, they met again and employed Miss Jennie H.
Clapp to teach a school for one month. On Saturday, September 12, 1874,
the first school election was held, at which Col. J. Banbury, H. G. Bennett
and Dr. W. W. Edwards, received each ten votes — all that were cast — and
thus the people had a full board of school trustees of their own choosing.
Meanwhile, on September 10, the first school in Pasadena had commenced
its work, with only two pupils the first day, Jennie and Jessie, the twin
daughters of Col. J. Banbury ; but in about a week the attendance had in-
creased to sixteen. This first school was held in the house of Wm. T. Clapp,
on Orange Grove Avenue near California street, being taught by bis
daughter Jennie — now Mrs. Rev. F. J. Culver. At the end of the month
the school had grown so large as to require more room, and in October it
was closed to wait until a school-house could be erected. A rough board
structure was built at a cost of about $300, on the west side of Orange Grove
Avenue a few rods below California street, where Mrs. Sarah Ware's resi-
dence now stands. Thos. F. Croft with his historic mules donated the haul-
ing of the lumber. The house stood by a great spreading live-oak tree
which was afterward unwisely grubbed up by the roots to "clear the land."
Miss Clapp re-opened the school in this rough pioneer building on January
28, 1875, and continued it through that school year. The pupils of that
first school were : Jennie Mosher, Charlie Mosher, lyavinia Mosher, Olive

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 169

Eaton, Belle Eaton, Will Eaton, George Eaton, Ben. Eaton, Jennie Banbury,
Jessie Banbury, Agnes Elliott, Whit. Elliott, Howard Conger, Florence Ed-
wards, Forest Edwards ; Joseph M. Wilson, Belle B. Wilson, children of
John W. Wilson ; and Charles and Maggie Wilson, children of John Bunyan
Wilson. The Eaton children then resided at Fair Oaks (now Hon. J. F.
Crank's place), over three miles from the school-house ; and the Wilson
children resided about two and half miles up the Arroyo on the Ea Canyada
road.

For the school year of 1875-76 a Mrs. Rodgers was engaged ; but after
two weeks' work her health failed, and Miss Eugenia Rudisill conducted
the school through this and the next year — 1876-77. Meanwhile, in the
winter of 1875 76 a neighborhood literary society had been formed. These
colonists had come together mostly as strangers to each other, from many
different sections of the country, and needed some common center for both
social and intellectual intercourse and cultivation of acquaintanceship ; and
the literary society furnished such a gregarian center for the neighborhood
by holding meetings once a month in the school-house. Very soon more
room was needed, and the young men of the colony took the matter in
hand and built an additional room to the school building. The literary
society's meetings were made up of formal debates ; topical papers with
discussion following ; recitations, essays, music ; mock trials ; a local paper
called "The Reservoir," written up to suit the occasion [See Chapter 7] ; etc.;
and there was thus brought out an amount of talent for writing and speak-
ing that astonished the people themselves.

In 1876 the Eake Vineyard Colony was commenced on the west side of
Fair Oaks Avenue, with L. D. Hollingsworth as the leading figure in the
movement for its settlement, as is fully explained in Chapter 5. He intended
to build a store and start a trading center or village on the high ground
at the corner of Colorado street and Marengo Avenue, because that was the
most sightly place for it, but the west side people made earnest appeal to
have it not so far from them, but at least on the line between the two col-
onies ; and as the population was then mostly on the west side, Mr. Hol-
lingsworth yielded the point, and built his store near the corner of Fair
Oaks and Colorado street. It was in April, 1875, that the name Pasadena
had been officially adopted ; but even before that a petition was forwarded
to Washington for a new postoffice by that name, which was granted March
15, 1875, with Josiah Eocke named as postmaster. He declined to serve on
the small salary of twelve dollars per year. Then Henry T. Hollingsworth
was appointed to the place, and he thus became Pasadena's first bona fide
postmaster. This settled the postoffice to be kept in the Hollingsworth
store ; then J. H. Baker moved his colony blacksmith shop from west Wal-
nut street down here ; and a Mr. Watson started a meat market ; and other
kinds of business began to gather around this point.

lyo HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The same year, August 8, 1876, Hon. B. D. Wilson donated five acres,
right across the street south from the store, to the San Pasqual School Dis-
trict for school purposes. The gift was accepted by the district ; and to con-
firm title and make the acceptance conclusive, the school-house on Orange
Grove Avenue was, after some natural friction between the two sections,
moved November 10, 1876, onto the five-acre lot; and during the school
year of 1877-78 Mr. Newell Matthews officiated as principal teacher, with
Miss Florence Royce as assistant ; they also held the same positions for
1878-79. During the summer vacation of 1878 P. G. Wooster taught a
private school in the public school-house. Among his pupils were Sherman
Washburn (nephew of S. Washburn, Esq.), Will H. Townsend, Olive
Eaton, Nellie Richards, Jennie and Jessie Banbury.

Meanwhile the settlement had grown so rapidly that the old school-
house was entirely inadequate for its purpose; and on March 30, 1878, a
proposition to levy a special tax on the property of the district for $3,500 to
erect a new and larger school building was submitted to a popular vote, and
was carried almost unanimously, 44 for and only 3 against. Yet it was plain
that the tax levy would not provide enough funds to put up a building of size
and style and character of rooms suitable for a place that was growing so
rapidly in population, and also in outside repute as a place of superior
intelligence, culture and good taste. To meet this emergency, a subscrip-
tion paper was started for voluntary increase of resources at command of the
school board ; and here is a copy which I made from the original paper as
still preserved by S. Washburn :

The undersigned hereby agree to pay to the Trustees of the San Pas-
qual School District, within sixty days after date, the sum set opposite our
names, for the purpose of building a more commodious school-house than
can be built by the tax levied.

Dated Pasadena, California, June loth, 1878.

S. Washburn Cash $100.00

M. H. Weight Eabor 25.00

J. F. Crank. ..Will raise tax to 100.00

J. Smith... I will make my tax up to 100.00

J. Banbury. ..In work $30, or cash 20.00

H. T. Hollingsworth 25.00

Charles Eegge... In work 25.00

Mills Bros... Will raise tax to (Labor) 20.00

David Townsend 25.00

L. D. Hollingsworth i5-oo

P. W. Hollingsworth Work i5-oo

J. H. Baker 10.00

T. Banbury... Raise tax to 20.00

S. E. Eocke Work 20.00

F. Eowe Eabor 20.00

O. H. Conger... Will raise tax to 50.00

P. G. Wooster Work 15.00

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. I7I

A. K. McQuilling lo.oo

K. Turner L,abur or money.. 10.00

Jos. Nelson 10.00

Newell Matthews Cash $25, Bills $5... 30.00

K. Millard Labor 10.00

Newell Matthews Cash 20.00

R. Williams Labor 10.00

F. M. lyippincott Labor 10.00

Geo. Miller Labor 10.00

Frank Hey denreich Labor i o, 00

D. Printz •. 10.00

Capt. S. Jones 10.00

James Blattenberg .» Labor 10.00

Geo. P. Clark Labor 15.00

Arthur A. Knox Labor 5.00

J. R. Giddings Labor 5.00

C. W. Bell Labor 5.00

J. Beebe Labor 5.00

Joseph Wallace Labor I5-O0

The good work went forward, and by the end of the year a handsome
two-story building with rooms separate for different grades, and crowned
with a suitable bell, was ready for use. And Mr. Matthews and Miss
Royce had the honor of inaugurating the new temple of learning.* The
historic little old original school-house was sold and moved off the grounds ;
it served various uses till finally most of it was incorporated in a cottage
built by R. Williams on South Fair Oaks avenue — and in the ' ' boom time,"
[1886], this cottage was sold and moved to a lot on Adella Avenue, where it
still stands as No. 407 — the residence of Joseph Yates, in 1894. ^^t
another portion of it forms the main body of a cheap cottage, now No. 20,
on Mills street, t

Meanwhile, during the fall of 1877, the people at the south end of
Pasadena, thinking the San Pasqual School at too great a distance, and de-
siring to have more immediate control in their own school matters, began
to agitate the question of having a new district. The movement succeeded,
and in January, 1878, the " Pasadena School District " was formed, includ-
ing that portion of the settlement south of California street and west of
Fair Oaks Avenue, to the north line of Los Angeles city. On March 5,
1878, the first school was opened in a building owned by C. B. Ripley, and
standing at the summit of the grade, or hill on west Columbia street, now
the Charles Foote place. A five-acre lot at the corner of Sylvan Avenue
and Columbia street was soon purchased of A. O. Porter, for school pur-
poses.

*May 21, 1S94, J. W. Vandevort presented the City Council with a photograph of our First City Hall
(the old Central School building), and S. Washburn presented the original subscription list which
enabled that building to be erected, in 1876. The relics were properly cased and hung on the wall of the
Council room.

fAfter this chapter was written, J. A. De Hay bought this part of the old colony school-house and
moved it down to his home place on Waverly Drive.

172 HIS*rORY OF PASADENA.

The first term of the school was taught by Miss Bessie Harris, of San
Jose. The next term by Miss Fannie Carroll, of Pasadena. During the
summer of 1879 a small building was erected near the above lot, as a tem-
porary school-house. Miss Lucy Newell, of Santa Clara, taught that year.
In the fall of 1880 Miss Minnie Joslyn, of Orange, began the term, Mr. C.
H. Case, of Pasadena, continuing it till Christmas, when Mr. R. B. Warren,
of Orange, took the school for the remainder of the year. He was suc-
ceeded again by Mr. Case. [For further history of this school, see Chapter

35-]

On the ist of January, 1883, a new postofl&ce called Hermosa was
granted to these South Orange Grove people,* with F. M. Glover as post-
master— the office being located at northeast corner of the school lot ; and
in 1884 Mr. Glover was succeeded by C. H. Case as postmaster. [See
Chapter 35.]

In 1883-84 a large, fine school building was erected on the summit of
their school lot, now known as " Columbia Hill," at a cost of about $4,000.
In 1885 this building and its magnificent grounds were given by the district
to the "Sierra Madre College," the people hoping thereby to secure per-
manently in their midst a higher institution of learning. The college
struggled along in hard straits for two years and finally failed, with heavy
debts encumbering all its property, and to pay which it was at last sold.
The place was bought, and building altered, enlarged and reconstructed by
its present owner, making the fine and sightly residence of Chas. D. Dag-
gett, Esq., on Columbia Hill.

In 1884 the population had increased to such numbers that two new
school-houses were built at a cost of $4,300 for the two — one at Monks Hill,
and the other on East Colorado street, corner of Hill Avenue. An article in
the Valley Union of March 8, 1884, said: "The school census of Pasa-
dena for 1883 showed an increase of over fifty per cent on the census of
1882, and the attendance for this school year (1883-84) shows the same in-
crease over last year, so that we have in October, when our schools are fairly
commenced, about one-fourth more pupils than we have funds provided for,
and at the close of the school year we have three pupils to provide for with
the funds designed for two."* To meet these necessities for the time, a
special tax was voted by the district. School grounds at Monks Hill were
donated by Painter & Ball, and a small building was erected thereon.
These grounds were afterward exchanged for the present more suitable
location, where the nine-room "Washington School" now stands. But a
lot for the Colorado street school had to be bought outright, and cost $175.
Each building was planned to accomodate about eighty pupils, from first to
sixth grade, although seats for only half that number were put in at first.

*An official report showed 222 pupils in school during the year, with 160 as the average attendance
per month.

I

DIVIvSION THREE — BRAINS.

173

Miss Elma Ball [now Mrs. H. I. Stuart of Pasadena] was teacher at Color-
ado street, and Miss Hannah Ball [now Mrs. F. R. Harris of Pasadena] at
the Monks Hill school. These two houses were designed and built by
Ridgway & Ripley, and were first occupied in January, 1885, after the holi-
day vacation, the schools having been opened a few months previously in
temporary rooms.

All through this year, and for two years following, the teachers were
embarrassed with difficulties of a peculiar nature ; for in addition to the rapid
increase of population, there was a large contingent of winter visitor pupils.
And the new-comers, both permanent and transient, were of all sorts and
grades, from all sorts of schools — ranging in quality from the poorest of re-
mote country districts in the mountains or in the South, up to the highest
type of graded schools in the great eastern cities ; and thus it was extremely

C/fprr^^^ ^ ^

WASHINGTON SCHOOL.
Architecture, American. Erected i88S. Cost $25,000; 9 rooms; 450 seats.

hard to grade them satisfactorily to pupils or parents. Also, the rooms
were overcrowded, the teachers overworked, the apparatus and supplies,
such as globes, wall-maps, blackboards, reference books, charts, etc., greatly
short of what were daily needed. Such were some of the difficulties
which E. T. Pierce had to struggle with continually during the last three
years of his arduous administration ; yet he laid the foundations good and
firm for better things in after years, the credit of which has often been mis-
takenly given to others. In May^ 1884, he published a statement showing

174 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

what the school law called for that was impossible for him and his co-
teachers to fulfill, and made this appeal : "We must, however, have more
than eight months in which to accomplish the work that is given for ten
months."

In 1885 Chas. Turner and Maria Vischer gained the highest percentage
in scholarship of any pupils in Los Angeles county. And in 1886 Ernest
By ram gained first, and Agnes Elliott second, rank in the county.

In May, 1885, Edward S. Mosher took the school census of the district,
and reported as follows : Number of white children between five and seven-
teen years of age, 459 ; number of census children, 460 ; number under five
years of age, 147 ; number attending private school, 23 ; not attending any
school 146 ; native born children (all ages), 559 ; births during the year, 13 ;
foreign born children, 27 ; negro children, i.

July 9, 1886, principal Pierce published in the Valley Union a school
report, giving grade and class rank of each pupil in the several schools.

During this year the matter of removing the school building to some
point less exposed to the stir and confusion of a business center was decided
upon. And besides, the original school grounds donated by Hon. B. D.
Wilson, had become so valuable for business lots that their sale would cer-
tainly yield funds to buy a more eligible site and erect a much larger afld
better arranged building. It was necessary, however, to get written consent
from the heirs of Mr. Wilson, before any sale of these lands could be made
with good title, as they had been given to the district specifically "for school
purposes." This consent was readily obtained ; and the district agreed that
the large new school building to be erected from proceeds of the sale should
be named the "Wilson School," as a perpetual memorial to the original
donor of the lands. This matter being settled, the school-house was moved
eastward a few hundred feet to a west frontage on Raymond Avenue ; * the
grounds surveyed and staked off into 35 business lots, with convenient alley-
ways running through, and arrangement made for a public sale of the lots
on March 12, 1886. The following table shows the buyers of lots and the
price paid for each, at this great sale :

AUCTION SALE OF SCHOOL LOTS, MARCH 12, 1 886.

LOT NO. PURCHASER. PRICE PER FT. TOTAL.

I — M. H. Weight $148 00 $3. 700 00

2 — Will C. Defriez loi 00 2,525 00

3 — ^John Burns 100 00 2,50000

4 — E. S. Fro.st 87 00 2,175 00

5 — E. S. Frost • 8300 2,07500

♦This building was still used for school purposes until the new "Wilson School" was ready. But the
Union of Aug. 26, i8«6, said : " School openingis delayed till the 20th of September bv the moving of the
building." It was afterward leased by the city as a Citv Hall for a terra of years. Its uext use was as a
colored people's church. Tlieu it was leased and fitted'up for a gvmna.sium bv the Athletic Club. But
in 1894 it was sold to Thomas Baubury aud moved away to make room for a fine brick block ; and it now
stands at the comer of Fair Oaks Avenue and Glendale .street, where it has been shorn of its bell tower
and made over into a nice dwelling-house.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 175

LOT NO. PURCHASER. PRICE PER FT. TOTAL.

6 — M. Fish 80 00 $2,000 00

7 — M. Fish 70 00 1.750 00

8 — ^J. Hisey 66 00 1,650 00

9 — D. Parker 55 00 i,375 00

10 — Adam Becker 51 00 1,275 00

II — C. A. Gardner 51 50 1,287 50

1 2 — W . W. Mills 50 00 1 , 250 00

13 — W. G. McCaldin 4900 1,225 00

14 — ^J. W. Vandevort 50 00... 1,250 00

15 — ^J. G. Miller 50 00 1,250 00

i6— J. G. Miller 61 50 1,537 50

17 — ^J. G. Miller 67 00 1,675 00

18 — E. C. Webster 55 00 i,375 00

19 — S.Washburn 50 00 1,250 00

20 — Fred Swift 44 00 1,100 00

21 — C. A. Steele 43 00 1,075 00

22 — C. A. Steele 37 00 937 00

23 — E. C. Webster 33 00 825 00

24— E. C. Webster 26 00 650 00

25 — A. Tower 2450 612 50

26 — A. Tower 24 50 612 50

27 — A. Tower 24 50 612 50

28 — A. Tower 2450 612 50

29 — Edwin Waid 25 00 625 00

30— Tom Hoag 61 50 i,537 50

31 — Tom Hoag 46 50 1,162 50

32 — Tom Hoag 45 00 1,125 00

33 } Reserved for Town Hall purposes, and the

34 \ school-house was moved onto them.

35 — Free Eibrary (by Abbot Kinney, presi-
dent ; this was where the original Eibrary

building then stood) 170 00

Total $44,772 00

This was a great historic day in our school history. Among these lots
was the entire frontage on the south side of Colorado street from Fair Oaks
to the Santa Fe railroad, and on both sides of Raymond Avenue as far
south as the north line of the present postoffice building — lots where some
of the best business blocks of the city now stand.

The school trustees at this time were H. W. Magee, A. O. Bristol and
S. Washburn, with E. T. Pierce as school principal and superintendent and
clerk of the board ; and these changes of school site, choice of new grounds,
planning for new buildings, etc., imposed an immense amount of labor and
care upon them. In a few weeks they called for competitive plans and
specifications for the new Wils'on school building. Nine different architects
sent in plans under fictitious names, with their real names in sealed en-
velopes. These different plans were all exposed for public inspection and
opinion two days (May 4-5, 1886) in a large vacant room over the Valley

176

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Union printing office — the frame building on alley opposite rear of the
Natural History store, and famed in later years as the ' ' Cheap John res-
taurant," or "blind pig," with illicit whisky kept hidden under the floor,
etc. The estimated cost by the competitors varied from $15,000 to $30,000.
When the trustees came to vote on their preference among the nine different
plans submitted. Magee and Bristol favored the one signed "Justitia,"
which proved afterward to be Harry Ridgway of Pasadena, but Washburn
preferred the one signed " A point within a circle," which on opening the

WILSON HIGH SCHOOL.
Architecture, Italian. E;rected 1SS7. Cost $30,000 ; 10 rooms ; 425 seats.

sealed envelopes proved to be J. M. Stewart of San Diego. How-
ever, no action could be final in the matter until approved by the county
superintendent, who was at this time J. W. Hinton. He examined the
plans carefully in detail, and decided that as a whole — for size and style of
building, size and placing of rooms, arrangement for ventilation and light,
for egress in case of fire, the chaste and elegant external appearance, etc. —
the plan by Mr. Stewart was the preferable one. The trustees finally con-
curred in this view, and steps were taken at once to erect such a building —
the one now known as the Wilson High School.

DIVISION THREK — BRAINS.

177

It will be seen from the foregoing narrative that the years 1886-87 were
crowded with difl&culties, transitions and changes in the school interests of
Pasadena. In the autumn of 1887 the fine, new Wilson School building
was first occupied. At the close of the school year 1887-88, the trustees,
for the first time in Pasadena, ventured to authorize the expense of a full
printed report, in pamphlet form, on the school work and business of the
year. This report is signed, H. H. Markham, president ; A. O. Bristol,
clerk ; Z. Decker, — school trustees ; and B. T. Pierce, city superintendent.
And from it I here quote some passages of permanent historic interest :

" The past yeaV, that of 1887-8, has doubtless been the most trying
in the history of our schools. At the opening of the fall term it was evi-
dent that our school facilities, though much more ample than ever before,

GARFIELD SCHOOL.
Architecture, Anglo-Teutonic. Erected, iS88 ; cost |22,ooo ; 7 rooms ; 375 seats.

were entirely insufficient to accommodate the great increase in attendance
incident to our rapid growth as a city.* A vacant store on South Fair Oaks
Avenue was rented and two teachers were employed to take charge of the
primary pupils living in that vicinity. The corps of teachers at Monks Hill
was doubled, and thirty-six more seats were placed in the main room of the
Wilson School. Thus all the available space at the command of the school
officers was utilized. Nevertheless, after the winter holidays, it was found
necessary to hold 'double sessions ' in no less than ten departments." —
School Report^ page 3.

"At the close of last year it became evident that, in view of our rapid
growth, to be Superintendent of Schools, act as Principal of the largest

*When the Wilson school building, with lo rooms, and to cost $30,000, was being planned for, some
citizens talked vehemently against it as a piece of extravagance and folly — and said, " We won't need so
big a school house for ten years yet."

12

1 78 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

building, visit the teachers in their rooms and direct their work, teach the
graduating class, receive parents and visitors, examine and grade the large
number of new pupils, act as Clerk of the School Board, and perform such
other duties as that Board might direct, exceeded the powers of any one
man. It was therefore thought by the board wiser and more economical to
employ a Principal for the Wilson School, and leave the Superintendent
free to attend to the many duties incident to his office. Mr. Herbert Pinck-
ney was the Principal employed." — School Report, page 4.

" By the completion of han,dsome and commodious buildings in the
northern and southern parts of our city, each of which will be thoroughly
graded, and managed by an experienced Principal, with an able corps of
teachers, our schools will assume the character properly befitting a well
organized city system." — School Report, page 9.

[This refers to the "Washington School " in North Pasadena, and the
" Garfield School" on California street.]

Some of the statistics of that year I thought worthy of preservation
here for future reference and comparison :

SUMMARY.

1 Enrollment for the year -( p. -^j ^r

2 Total Enrollment 1,354

3 Number of days Taught 175

4 Number of days Attendance 148,472

5 Number of days Absence 10,667

6 Number of days Tardinesses 2,960

7 Average Number Belonging 909

8 Average Daily Attendance 849

9 Percentage of Attendance on Average Enrollment 93

10 Average Number of Pupils Enrolled by each Teacher 85

1 1 Average Daily Attendance per Teacher 53

SOME COMPARISONS WITH LAST YEAR.

School Census, May, 1887 8301 j,, one year 1,200

" " " 1888 ■2,030) ■' '

Total Enrollment, 1886-7 703 | i^^crease in one year 651

" 1887-8 1,354)

Average Daily Attendance, 1886-7 ... 446|i^^rease in one year 403

Average Number of Teachers employed, 1 886-7 9

1887-8 16

Total " " " 18S7-8 18

Number of Teachers holding Double Sessions 5

The total amount of funds in control of the school board that year was
$118,234.04. Their total expenditures, including new buildings, etc., were
$63,965.48 ; leaving on hand a balance of $54,268 56. Five pages of item-
ized details are given, to show how the money was used ; and a comparative
summary of the regular school service expenses is given, thus :

Amount paid for Teaching, 1886-7 $ 5,938.00

Amount paid for Teaching and Superintendence, 1887-8 12,696.09

Amount paid for Janitors, Fuel, Supplies, and Incidental Expenses,

1886-7 1,300.00

Amount paid for Janitors, Fuel, Supplies, and Incidental Expenses,

1887-8 2,026 99

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 1 79

This showed an increase of $7,481.08 for running expenses in one year ;
and hence parties who took little pains to investigate the matter accused the
school board and superintendent of folly, extravagance, peculation and mis-
management. These accusers even went so far the next year as to circulate
a paper demanding an investigation, naming a committee to conduct the
same, and agreeing to contribute $100 for expenses thereof. But only three
signatures were obtained to it, and the whole thing fell flat, although the much
talk about it at the time did a good deal of mischief. [See school report for
1889-90, pages 18 and 19, for further particulars in this matter.] In view
of these things, the school board published a table showing that Pasadena's
school expense per pupil in attendance was only $10.50, while in ten other
cities named it averaged $27.83 per pupil. And many facts about increase
of district, with new buildings required, etc., were given, to show how and
why the expense account had to be rapidly increased.

The year 1888-89 was a sort of breaking-up and transitional period.
Z. Decker, R. Williams and C. W. Buchanan were the trustees. The city
of Pasadena became incorporated in 1886, and there was an undecided
question of law as to whether the territory included within the city limits
must be regarded and administered as a new and separate school district, or
whether there was still only one district the same as before. Heavy school
expenditures were necessarily going on both inside and outside of city
limits, the validity of which was called in question ; and also an unfortun-
ate public strife grew up over the retention of certain principal teachers.
These things together made this really the most trying and worrying year,
to those in charge of the school, of any one year in our school history ;
and personal animosities were engendered which have in some cases hardly
worn away yet. The streets were filled with rumors and accusations of bad
management or wrong-doing by the school ofiicers ; and yet, in every in-
stance where such charges were made specific enough to be met, they were
shown to be based upon the most frivolous and sometimes ridiculous mis-
apprehension of what had been done or what had not been done, and the
reasons therefor in either case. There was no printed pamphlet report this
year. Prof. Pierce had engaged to take the principalship of the State Nor-
mal school at Chico the succeeding year, and would therefore retire from
the Pasadena work at the close of this school year ; and with the many
cares and special difficulties of the situation at this time, he found it wholly
impossible to do the clerical and literary and press-overseeing work neces-
sary^ for such a publication. I mention this, because he has been misjudged
and unjustly blamed in the matter. His successor, Will S. Monroe, bore
this testimony: "When I took charge of the schools one year ago, I
found them in good condition. Efficient work had been done by my pre-
decessor, and the foundation had been laid on a broad, practical basis."

The Annual School Report for year 1889-90 gives some account of the
double -district case, thus :

l80 HISTORY OF PASADEJNA.

PASADENA CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT.

This district was originally a part of the San Pasqual school district,
which covered the city of Pasadena and left outside of the city limits the
remainder of the San Pasqual district. When the city was incorporated in
1886, that part of the territory which comprised the city should have been
set off as a separate school district, as provided by law ; but no steps were
taken in that direction. In 1889, when it was discovered that a mistake
had been made and that two districts had been voting for one set of trustees,
the District Attorney and the Attorney -General decided that a set of
trustees must be appointed for each district. These two boards of trustees
met in joint session and conducted the school business so that no trouble
was experienced. Special teachers were employed by both districts, and
their salaries equitably divided between the two ; and thus affairs went on
until the San Pasqual district was added to the Pasadena city district,
which was the only legal consolidation that could take place. The school
district is now identical with the old San Pasqual district, but called the
Pasadena City School District.

From various parts of the same document I gather a few items. It is
mentioned that loi visits to class-rooms were made by trustees during this
year, whereas a total of only 131 similar visits had been made during the
preceding fifteen school years. In regard to the State law which requires
school children to be vaccinated the report says : four physicians of the city
donated their service as inspectors, and reported 426 pupils examined by
them who bore evidence of previous successful vaccination ; 727 pupils
presented lawful certificates of vaccination ; 43 presented physicians' cer-
tificates stating that after due effort it was found that successful vaccination
could not be produced ; and two or three pupils whose parents opposed
vaccination were withdrawn from school because it was required. The
school census of 1890 showed a decrease of 387 from that of 1889 [the
"boom" had collapsed]; and the total number enrolled was only thirty-
nine less than the full census report. "The average daily attendance of
pupils for the year ending June 30th, 1889, was 1136, and the total expend-
itures the past year, $32,507.00, thus making the cost of educating each
pupil $31.37^." The financial report of this year for the first and only
time, gave the accounts of the Pasadena City District and the San Pasqual
District separately. Geo. F. Kernaghan served as clerk or secretary and
made up the reports this year.

From the School reports for 1890-91, I glean sundry matters to pre-
serve for future reference, or comparison :

THE PASADENA CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT.

The boundaries of this district comprise not only the city of Pasadena
in its entirety, but extend on the west to the Linda Vista hills, on the north
to and some distance into the mountains, on the east to Allen Avenue, and
on the south to the boundaries of the city, where they join those of South
Pasadena, and thence eastward a little south of San Pasqual street to Allen
Avenue. The district contains a population of about 7,000 people. [1891.]

r)IVISION THRE^E — BRAINS. l8l

Nativity of Pupils. — As showing the character of this population,
the appended statistics of the nativity of the pupils in attendance upon our
schools will be read with interest as well as pleasure : Arizona, 3 ; Arkan-
sas, 2 ; California, 181 ; Colorado, 7 ; Connecticut, 9 ; Delaware, i ; Illinois,
124; Indiana, 42 ; Iowa, 208 ; Kansas, 72 ; Kentucky, 2; I,ouisiana, 5 ;
Maine, 15 ; Maryland, 4 ; Massachusetts, 43 ; Michigan, 40 ; Minnesota,
21 ; Missouri, 33 ; Mississippi, 3 ; Nebraska, 30; Nevada, 7 ; New Hamp-
shire, 5 ; New Jersey, 6 ; New York, 49 ; North Carolina, 2 ; North Dakota,
2 ; Ohio, 74 ; Pennsylvania, 83 ; Rhode Island, 3 ; South Dakota, 6 ;
Tennessee, i; Texas, 21; Vermont, 9; Virginia, 5; Washington, 4 ; West
Virginia, 5 ; Wisconsin, 34 ; Wyoming, i ; Idaho, i ; Indian Territory, i ;
New Mexico, 2; Canada, 39; England, 19; Scotland, 9; Germany 7;
Italy, I ; Switzerland, 2 ; Australia, i.

HighSchooIv. — On June 24, 1891, the electors of the district by an almost
unanimous vote, adopted the high-school provision submitted by the last
legislature. During the year five different professors in the State University
visited the Pasadena schools ; and near the close of the year notice was re-
ceived that Pasadena had been placed on the accredited list. Hence, from
this time forward graduates of the Pasadena High School would be admitted
to the State University, or the Stanford University, without preliminary ex-
amination. Hon. Delos Arnold donated to the High School a classified
collection of 200 Pacific coast marine shells, a starter for a scientific museum.
As this was the first year of the High School, I give a list of its teachers :

Will S. Monroe, City Superintendent Science.

James D. Graham Mathematics and Science.

Mrs. Theo. Coleman English and History.

Ellen F. Thompson Latin and English.

ly. E. Evans German and French.

W. P. Hammond Book-keeping and Penmanship.

Hattie C. Stacey Music.

Marie A. Ney Drawing.

A special effort was made this year to raise the standard of scholarship
among the teachers ; and to show what had been reached in this line the
following table is given in the year's report :

Number teachers employed, including Superintendent 34

graduates California State Normal Schools 6

" of other State Normal Schools 16

" of special Professional Schools 3

" of Colleges 5

who have taught from i to 5 years 4

" " 5 to 10 years 13

" ." 10 to 15 years 12

" " 15 to 18 years 5

holding High School certificates 4

" Grammar Grade certificates 23

' ' Primary certificates 4

" Special certificates 3

1 82 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The following is a summary of current expenses for the year :

Insurance [on $66,500 valuation] $ 644.42

Repairs 679.03

Labor [including for election board, $45, and for washing

towels, $74. 70] 281.13

Fuel and Water 854. 1 2

Rent [Opera House for graduating exercises] 20.00

Teachers' Salaries 26,537.49

Janitors' Wages 2,339.50

Printing and Stationery 200.10

School Supplies, Books, etc 691.73

$32,247.52
J. W. Wood served as secretary this year, and also during 1891-92.
The school year of 1891-92 was one of unusually quiet, easy-going smooth-
ness. There were no strifes or contentions to mar the harmony of the work,
although the problem of how to reduce expenses without impairing the
efficiency of the school service was deeply pondered by the board of trustees
and others who took a lively interest in educational matters ; and some
reduction of salaries was made. The school census this year showed an
increase of 339 over the previous year. On April 15th, 1892, a special tax
of $10,000 was voted by the district, and this was expected to supply the
deficiency from State and county funds for the ensuing three years. The
total of teachers' salaries and general expenses for the year was $32,783.82,
being $530.30 more than the previous year. An item worth mentioning is,
that out of twelve High School graduates of 1891, eleven were already
enrolled in higher institutions of learning. At the close of this school year
Superintendent Will S. Monroe retired by resignation ; the office of city
superintendent was abolished, and James D. Graham was employed to take
charge as "supervising principal " for the ensuing year.

The year 1892-93 had some points of note, and I quote from the offi-
cial report: "The year of 1892-93 marks a new era in the workings of
the public schools of this city. The lines along which it was decided to re-
trench were the offices of superintendent and special instructors in music
and drawing, the duties of supervision being transferred to the principal of
the High School, and the work of music and drawing being done by the
regular teachers."

The schools this year prepared an exhibit of their work for the great
Columbian World's Fair at Chicago. The national program for Columbus
Day was observed in all the schools, with a detail of old soldiers from John
F. Godfrey Po.st, G. A. R., taking part in the flag-raising and other exer-
cises at each school. And in the observance of Memorial Day this year
the children for the first time took part in decorating the soldiers' graves.
It is noted in the report that the number of tardinesses had been reduced by
nearly 300, and corporeal punishment had been almost entirely abolished.

DIVISION THREK — BRAINS.

183

The High School had 123 enrolled (ten more than any previous year) and
graduated a class of sixteen — and this, notwithstanding that many former
pupils had gone to the Throop Polytechnic institute. ^W. U. Masters
made up the secretary's report for this year, Mr. Wood being absent.

HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES.

Class op 1890 — Efl&e Bye, Walter Carrothers, Florence Hay, Eudora
Kirk, Bertha I^andreth, Fred Scares.

Class of 1891 — ^Hal F. Bishop, Annie L. Brush, Winifred C. Cald-
well, Rennie W. Doane, Carlton K. Durrell, Roy D. Ely, Katherine Gard-
ner, William H. lyinney, Alva D. McCoy, Kate lyouise Nash, lyconora
Schopbach, Carl C. Thomas.

Class of 1892— Ethel W. Bishop, E. E. Chambers, Ida M. Hampton,
M. Mae Henderson, Eunice Hazel Hodgson, J. Paull Fife, Roy M. Gray,
Ida M. Mellish, Dora E. Moody, Kate A. Mosher, Mary S. Mosher, Frank
G. H. Stevens, Winifred Webb.

Class of 1893 — George H. Baldwin, Volney H. Craig, John W. Craig,
Ruth Daggett, Harold W. Durrell, Harry D. Gaylord, Ralph A. Gould, Joseph
E. Grinnell, Ina Goodwin, Maud F. Jones, E. Louise Kernaghan, J. Em-
mett Eouthian, Abbie Eouise Marston, Gale McCoy, Mabel E. Prentiss,
Anna M. Reid.

Class of 1894 — Literary — Eugenia Boynton Henderson, Edith Eouise
Hill, Grace Eongley, Alice Palmer Marston, Marie Markham, Mary Scott
Ogden, Mary Moulton Parker, Nettie Underwood, EiUian Eva Whiton,
Bessie Horton Yocum, Marcia Jessie York. Scientific — Irving Cowan Allen,
Ralph Arnold, Charles Frederick Buchanan, Charles Edward Groesbeck,
Archelaus Price, Wacil Randall, John Speer Stevenson, May Wright.

Class of 1895 — Literary — Mary Eouise Fish, Edna Gearhart, Myrtie
Euella Hamilton, Grace Elizabeth Machin, Mabel Schopbach, John Calvin
Kelso, Wallace Sprague Woodworth, Elbert Hubbell Shults, Fred Chaffee
Nash, Alexander Craig, Benjamin Edwin Page, Charles Harold Briggs,
Joseph Grant Yocum, Edward Burton Dwight, Neal Keely Traylor, Frank
M. Wellington. Scientific — Ada Emma Palmateer, Bertha Annette Smith,
Eaura Edith Higley, Frances Eeah Wadey, Lulu Augusta Bixby, Ruby
Louise Breed, Sara Anne White, Leon Caryl Brockway, Henry Aaron Doty,
Frank B. Coleman, Herbert Forest Brown, William Charles Doane, Donald
McGilvray, Archibald McClure Strong, Joseph Marx, Lewis Freeman,
Charles Matthew Coleman, Percy Nicholas Gibbings, Benjamin Overfield
Lacey.

The following tables of school statistics, expenditures, etc., in success-
ive years are valuable for reference :

YEAR

RESOURCES

EXPENDITURES

AVERAGE DAILY
ATTENDANCE

AVERAGE COST
PER PUPIL

1889-90

1890-91

$35,599 03
33,041 09

33,745 59
40,527 21
33,270 26

$32,507 00

32,247 52
32,783 82
30,770 80
34,129 48

1,036

1,059
1,108
1,167

1,352

I31 37
30 45
29 59
26 36
25 25

i8qi-q2

1892-93

189^-04

1 84

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

1880
1881
1882
1883,
1884
1885.
1886
1887,
1888.
1889,
1890.
1891,
1892.

1893.
1894,

1895'

SCHOOL

CENSUS

133
139
160
274

363

460

844
2033
1776
1388
I4I2
1739
1835
2043

2413

ENROLLMENT

61

85
117

222

278

394

703

1354

1687

1427

1437
1469
1644
1862

AVERAGE
DAILY

ATTENDANCE

40

54

76

100

155
205

254
446
849

1 133
1036

1059
1 108
1 167
1352

TRUSTEES

6

6

4

5

10

5
4

4

1^3
112

154
158

PATRONS

30

60

52

50

46

161

121

128

800

700

1840

97S

IIIO

1243
648

SCHOOL BUILDINGS.

NAME

DATE OF
ERECTION

COSTf

NO. OF
ROOMS

SEAIING
CAPACITY

Wilson Schoolj (High School)

1887
1888
1888
1 888
1884

130,000

20,000

22,000

25,000

2,000

10
8

7
9
2

425
400

375

450

76

Lincoln School, East Walnut street

Garfield School, West California street

Washington School, North Pasadena

Grant School, Bandini Avenue|

The Grant school was originally built at the corner of Colorado street
and Allen Avenue, and afterward moved to its present location on Bandini
Avenue. In 1884 the first school building was erected at North Pasadena,
with two rooms, and seating capacity for seventy-four pupils, at a cost of
$1,200 — and was called the "Lincoln School"; but when the present fine
nine-room building superseded it and was named " Washington School,"
the name " Lincoln " was transferred to the eight-room building on Walnut
street which had previously been called the "Wilson Primary School." In
1888 a one-room school building costing $700, with capacity for twenty-five
pupils, was erected at Linda Vista by the Land Company operating there,
and named the "Jackson School." For two years it was provided with a
teacher by the district board, but in 1891 a special tax for it was voted
down, and no teacher has been sent there since.

The school census for 1894, as compiled by Secretary F. P. Boynton,
shows a remarkable increase over the preceding year, as follows :

No. of white children between 5 and 17, 1981 ; same last year, 18 11.
No. of negro children between 5 and 17, 62 ; same last year, 24 ; total
number of children between 5 and 17, 2043 ; same last year, 1835. No. of

*The school census of 1895 showed 3068 native-born children ; 117 foreign-born ; and 591 children
who had not attended any school, either public or private, during the school year.

ffhe furnishing is not included in these figures.

t" The fine new flag purchased bv the pupils of the Wilsou School was hoisted to the flag-staff for
the first time on Wednesday, by Miss Mamie Thompson, granddaughter of " old John Brown, Ossawat-
amie Brown. "—Pasadena Standard, June i, i8Sg.

(iSee article on "Bandini Avenue" lor explanation of how it happens to be called Michigan
Avenue.

DIVISION THRKe; BRAINS.

185

children under 5, 806 ; same last year, 781. No. of children between 5 and
17 who attended public school during the year, 1520; same last year, 1368.
No. of children between 5 and 17 who attended private school, 116 ; same
last year, 95. No. of children between 5 and 17 who have not attended any
school, 407 ; same last year, 372. No. of native-born children, 2763 ; same
last year, 2500. No. of foreign-born children, 86; same last year, 116.
Total No. of children in district, 2849 ; same last year, 2616.

The increased number of census children (a gain of 208 over that of
last year) entitles the district to three more teachers.

A report at Christmas time, 1894, said :

"There are now 197 enrolled in the High School, forty-seven in the
senior class, of whom thirty are young men, and seventeen young ladies, a
condition unusual in High Schools. The five buildings now occupied by

LINCOLN SCHOOL.
Architecture, Old English — Elizabethan type. Cost $20,000 ; 8 rooms ; 400 seats.

the Public Schools are fine specimens of architecture and are capable of seat-
ing about eighteen hundred pupils ; but with the exception of the Washing-
ton, are filled to their highest capacity. The entire enrollment is 1765.' '

LIST OF SUCCESSIVE HEAD TEACHERS.
School Years.

1874-75. Miss Jennie H. Clapp, now Mrs. Rev. F. J. Culver of Pasadena.
1875-76. Mrs. Rodgers two weeks [fell sick] ; Miss Eugenia Rudisill.
1876-77. Mis6 Eugenia Rudisill. [Returned east.]
1877-78. Newell Matthews and Miss Florence Royce, in new Central

School building. [See pages 170, 171, 172.]
1878-79. The same teachers. [Mr. Matthews is now one of the firm of

Matthews & Bosby shell, hardware and implement dealers of Eos

Angeles.]
1879 80. G. C. Hall* and Miss Royce.

*Present place not learned.

1 86 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

1 880-8 1. Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, principal, with Miss Royce and Mrs. Eliza-
beth M. Winston as assistants. [Mrs. Carr still resides in Pasadena —
retired.]

1881-82. Mrs. Elizabeth M. Winston [same as Mrs. E. C. Winston], prin-
cipal, and Miss Royce, assistant.

1882 83. Orin N. Raney, principal, with Mrs. Winston and Miss Royce as
assistants. [Mr. Raney is now secretary of the Security Title Insurance
and Abstract Company of Southern California, at Eos Angeles.]

1883 84. Edward T. Pierce, principal, with Mrs. Winston and Miss Royce
for assistants. [At the close of the year Miss Royce retired and became
Mrs. H. R. Case, now of Westminster. Mrs. Winston also retired, for
domestic reasons.]

1884-85. E. T. Pierce, principal; Mrs. E. T. Pierce, assistant.

1885-86. E. T. Pierce, principal; Mrs. E. T. Pierce, assistant.

1886-87. E. T. Pierce, principal; Mrs. E. T. Pierce, assistant.

1887-88. E. T. Pierce, superintendent of schools; Herbert Pinckney, prin-
cipal of the Wilson Grammar School.

1888-89. Pierce and Pinckney, same. [Prof. Pierce is now (1895) principal
of the State Normal School at Eos Angeles, and member of State Board
of Education. Mr. Pinckney got married and went back East.]

1889-90. Will S. Monroe, superintendent of schools; Chas. E. Tebbetts,
principal of High School.

1890-91. Wilis. Monroe, superintendent; James D. Graham, principal of
High School.

1891-92. Monroe and Graham same. [At the close of this j^ear Prof. Mon-
roe resigned and entered for an undergraduate course of study at Stan-
ford University.]

1892-93. James D. Graham, principal of the High School and supervising
principal for the district.

1893-94. James D. Graham, same.

1894-95 James D. Graham, same.

SUCCESSIVE PRINCIPAI^S OF THE DIFFERENT SCHOOLS.

Wilson Grammar School. — Herbert Pinckney, 1887-88 89. Chas. E.
Tebbetts, 1889-90. James D. Graham, 1890-91-92-93-94-95.

Wilson High School. — Chas. E. Tebbetts, 1889-90. James D. Graham,
1890 91-92-93-94-95. Mrs. Theodore Coleman, vice-principal, 1893-94-95.
(Mrs. Coleman had been vice-principal of the Wilson Grammar School in

1888-89-90.)

Lincoln School. — [Formerly called Wilson Primary School.] Mrs. Clara
A. Burr, 1889 90. C. W. Hodgson, 1890 91-92-93 [then went to take a
course of undergraduate study at Stanford University]. G. W. Strominger,
1893 94. Mrs. Frances S. Burt, 1894-95.

Garfield School. — A. E. Hamilton, principal from 1888 till 1893. Will-
iam W. Payne, 1893-94. [Mr. Hamilton, in fall of 1893, took the depart-
ment of mathematics in Throop Polytechnic Institute.] G. W. Strominger,
1894-95.

Washing/on School. — Miss Hannah Ball [now Mrs. F. R. Harris of
Pasadena], 1884-85. Miss Carrie Hill, 1885-86-87 88. B. V. Garwood,

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 1 87

1888-89. W. H. Housh, 1889-90-91-92. Luther G. Brown, 1892-93-

94-95-*

Grant School. — Miss Elma Ball [now Mrs. H. I. Stuart of Pasadena], 1884-
85. Miss Pauline Wright, 1885-86-87. Miss Helen Crittenden, 1887-88.
Caspar W. Hodgson, 1888-89-90. L. L. Evans, 1890-91. Charles C. Hill,
1891-92. Wm. B. Frackleton, 1892-93-94-95.

Jackson School. — [Linda Vista] Lydia A. Burson, 1889-90. Ella G.
Wood, 1890-91. [In June, 1891, a proposition for a special tax of $6000 to
buy the school-house property at Linda Vista and for other purposes, was
rejected by a popular vote ; and thereafter no teacher was sent by the school
board to that point.]

TABLE OF SCHOOL TRUSTEES BY SUCCESSIVE YEARS.

1874-75. Col. J. Banbury, Henry G. Bennett, Dr. W. W. Edwards.

1875-76. P. M. Green, Banbury, Bennet.

1876-77. P. M. Green, Edson Turner, A. O. Porter.

[After the removal of the original school-house from Orange Grove
Avenue and California street, up to Colorado and Fair Oaks, in November,
1876, Green and Porter resigned, and on June 30, 1877, L. D. Hollingsworth
and I. B. Clapp were elected to fill the vacancy. Meanwhile a movement
was in progress to have a new district created south of California street, and
I. B. Clapp resigned, S. Washburn being appointed, November 15, 1877, to
fill the vacancy ; and the new district was duly authorized by the county
board in January, 1878.]

1877-78. Edson Turner, L. D. Hollingsworth, S. Washburn.

1878-79. Turner, Hollingsworth, Washburn.

1879-80. Washburn, Hollingsworth, Col. J. Banbury.

1880-81. Washburn, Banbury, B. F. Ball.

1881-82. Washburn, Ball, Banbury.

1882-83. Washburn, A. K. McQuilling, Dr. Lyman Allen.

1883-84. Washburn, McQuilling, Allen.

1884-85. Washburn, McQuilling, H. W. Magee.

1885-86. Washburn, Magee, A. O. Bristol.

1886-87. Washburn, Magee, Bristol.

1887-88. Bristol, Hon. H. H. Markham, Z. Decker.

1888-89. Decker, R. Williams, C. W. Buchanan.

1889-90. Buchanan, C. F. Holder, George F. Kernaghan.

[In the spring of 1890 it was discovered that by the creation of the city
of Pasadena in 1886, carved out from the old San Pasqual school district, a
new school district was thereby created, comprising the same territory as the
city ; but this was not understood at the time, and hence the proper legal
steps were not taken to comply with the law until a judicial ruling was had
in 1890 upon some unsettled points. At that time two of the trustees
resided within the city, and the third, C. W. Buchanan, outside. The
county superintendent therefore appointed W. S. Wright as the third man
within the city district ; and R. Williams and M. D. Painter for the outside

*Mrs. E. M. Wiuston, of the Washington School, taught in our public school in 18S0-81, and was her-
self the principal in 1881-S2. In 1884 she retired for a season ; but as she held a life certificate she was
called in occasionally to fill transient vacancies. In 1891-92-93 she was ready for regular service again,
and taught those two years in the Wilson Grammar School. In 1S93-94-95 she was in the Washington
School, and was here when the dreadful calamity occurred of her husband perishing in a snowstorm in
the mountains. Another teacher in this school in 1S93-94-95 was Mary E. Thompson, a granddaughter
of the historic " Old John Brown " of Kansas and Harper's Ferry fame.

I

1 88 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

district. The two boards worked together to keep all the schools going on
without any break or jar, the same as before ; and in a few months the legal
consolidation of the two districts was again effected, under the name of
"Pasadena City School District." Then Trustees Wright, Williams, Painter
and Holder resigned, leaving one vacancy for the consolidated district ; this
was filled by the appointment of E. E. Spalding ; so Buchanan, Kernaghan
and Spalding constituted the full board for the time.]

1890-91. C. W. Buchanan, Hon. A. G. Throop, J. W. Wood.

1891-92. Buchanan, Wood, W. U. Masters.

1892-93. Buchanan, Masters, F. P. Boynton.

1893-94. Masters, Boynton, Calvin Hartwell.

1894 95. Hartwell, Boynton, Hon. Delos Arnold.

1895-96. Hartwell, Arnold, E. A. Walker.

During the school year 1894-95, the school attendance was so large
that it was found necessary to divide the primary schools into half-day sec-
tions, so that one section could be in school during the forenoon only, and
the other section during the afternoon — and even then the rooms were
crowded, especially at the lyincoln School. To provide for this difficulty
it was decided to erect two more school-houses, one in the northeast and one
in the northwest portion of the district. And accordingly on May 27, 1895,
$40,000 of school district bonds were voted for this purpose. The vote
stood : For the bonds, 302 ; against, 22. For the east school a lot 300x400
feet, at corner of I^ake Avenue and Walnut street, was bought for $4,000.
For the east school a lot 200x220 feet, at corner of Eincoln Avenue and
Peoria street was bought for $3,850. It is a historic incident that " bicycle
racks " are to be provided in these new school-houses — the first instance on
record.

SIERRA MADRE COLLEGE.

Although this College enterprise failed and at last went out entirely,
leaving no sign of its existence, yet it did during the few years of its struggle
for life cut quite a figure in Passadena history ; and hence it must be re-
ported.

The first public or formal action in regard to it was at a convivial
gathering or banquet of about forty persons, held at the Sierra Madre Villa
Hotel on January 20, 1884, and reported in the Pasadena Chronicle of Janu-
ary 24. There a board of Trustees was appointed, as follows : Rev. J. W.
Ellis and Dr. Cochran of Eos Angeles ; Abbot Kinney of Kinneloa ; C. C.
Hastings of Sierra Madre ; Gov. Samuel Merrill of Des Moines, Iowa ; D.
H. Newton of Holyoke, Mass. ; Hon. P. M. Green, Judge B. S. Eaton,
Rev. Williel Thompson, and H. W. Magee, Esq., of Pasadena.

A call was made for competing offers of land for a building site, and
other aid, to determine where the college should be located. Offers came
from Eos Angeles, from Sierra Madre, from Santa Anita, from citizens of
Pasadena, from Painter & Ball, and from South Pasadena school district.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. , 189

Painter & Ball offered the Monks hill site, comprising fifty acres of land
with water, and $2,425 in cash. [I at the time advised the acceptance of
this offer as the best.] South Pasadena offered her Columbia Hill school
grounds, comprising six acres with water, and the public school building
already there, and which had cost nearly $4,000, upon the college paying
to the school district $1,000. This offer was accepted, and the College was
started there.^ Its formal opening took place September 17, 1884, with an
elaborate program of thirty-two numbers, and speeches in nineteen different
responses to "toasts " or sentiments proposed. The faculty then consisted
of Rev. J. W. Healy, D.D., president, mental and moral philosophy; M.
M. Parker, A. M., classics ; Prof F. D, Bullard, mathematics; Rev. Williel
Thomson, engineering ; Mrs. Vernam, art department ; Mrs. E. A. Nims,
music. A local item in the Union of October 1 1 said the College had 25
pupils enrolled and was making good progress.

"The new faculty will be as follows: Rev. W. Thomson, A. M.,
president and professor of mathematics and civil engineering; Rev. M. M.
Parker, A. M., professor of ancient languages and instructor in natural
sciences ; Mrs. C. T. Thompson, A. M., instruccor in English and German
languages ; W. G. Cochran, M. D., medical supervisor ; Mrs. E. A. Nims,
teacher of vocal and instrumental music ; Mrs. E. G. McKee, teacher of
oil painting."

Again, on April 24, 1885, the same paper reports :

" The Presbytery of Eos Angeles met in Pasadena on Thursday eve-
ning, 1 6th inst., and was opened with a sermon by Prof. Ward of Sierra
Madre College. On Saturday the subject of the Sierra Madre College was
taken up. A financial report was made by the president. Rev. Williel
Thomson, stating that the College held property valued at about $18,000,
and that the income of the College during the past year had been about
$400 ; that three teachers had been employed, who had faithfully done their
work, and that the examination showed the instruction to have been of a
high order.

"The number of students in attendance during the past year has been
twenty-five, which number was diminished toward the close of the last
term from sickness and other causes.

"A new board of eleven trustees was elected, consisting of the following
gentlemen: Rev. M. N. Cornelius, Hon. P. M. Green, Geo. A. Swartwout,
Abbot Kinney, of Pasadena ; Rev. Mr. Wells, Dr. Cochran, Howard Mills,
of Eos Angeles ; Rev. Alexander Parker, of Orange ; O. C. Johnson, Esq.,
of Riverside ; D. H. Newton, of Boston, Mass. ; Mr. Hughes, of Tustin."

The local newspaper did everything it could to aid the enterprise. But
the fact was, this college was mislocated, was premature, was not on a plan
in touch with the spirit of the times, and had no money behind it — hence it
was born with failure in its bones. After two years of hard struggle, con-
tinually running in debt, its property was all heavil)^ encumbered, was sold
under mortgage, and eventually bought by C. D. Daggett ; and the building
which had served successively as public school-house, college hall, Congre-

igo HISTORY OF PASADENA.

gational church, was at last changed and reconstructed into Mr. Daggett's
Columbia Hill residence as it now stands.

THE PASADENA ACADEMY.

In 1883-84 Prof. M. M. Parker and wife, assisted by his brother, Prof.
C. M. Parker, opened an academic school at his home place on east Califor-
nia street. But when the Sierra Madre college was started he merged his
private ente. prise into that. After failure of the college he. reopened his
Academy in September, 1886, in Williams Hall, occupying the large main
hall and two adjunct rooms. The school soon outgrew these close quarters,
and early in November it was removed to the old Central School building,
then standing on Raymond Avenue where the Vandevort block now stands,
and he occupied the entire two stories except one room used for meetings of
the city trustees. Thus passed the academic year of 1886-87. After that
the offices of city clerk, marshal, surveyor, recorder or police judge, etc.,
were located in this building, which had been leased by the city for three
years. The Academy was next opened in the second-floor rooms of the
Grand Opera House, and its school years of 1887-88 and 1888-89 were
spent here. But a more central location seemed desirable ; and on Septem-
ber 9, 1889, it opened in the second-floor rooms of our present City Hall
building. This Academy won a good name, reached an enrollment of as
high as 150 pupils, and employed nine teachers.

The Pasadena Standard of September 14, 1889, mentions the annual
opening of the Academy, and at the same time names other private schools
then in the city, as follows :

"Prof. Parker's Academy opened its fourth year last Monday, corner
Fair Oaks Avenue and Union street. Miss Sarah Hay's Kindergarten on
Herkimer street, opens its third year next Monday. Miss Collamer's select
school, on Vallej^ street, opens its fourth year next Monday. St. Margaret's
school (Episcopal) for girls, on Kast Colorado street, opens next Monday
for its third year. Prof. S. C. Clark's classical school for boys, on South
L,os Robles Avenue, opens its first year, October 2. Mrs. Graham's Kinder-
garten on Euclid Avenue (formerly Miss Curtis') will open next Monday.
Mr. Coggswell's mechanical training school for boys, on West Colorado
street, is open for the formation of classes at any time."

In 1891 Prof. Parker, at Father Throop's earnest desire and request,
co-operated with him in founding the Polytechnic Institute, and merged his
Academy into that.

THE THROOP POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE.

Hon. A. G. Throop came from Chicago and settled in Eos Angeles in
1880; but in 1886 he removed to Pasadena and made his permanent home
here. In April, 1888, he was elected a member of the city council ; and on
October 5, 1889, he was chosen president of the board, or "Mayor."

By successful business enterprises in Chicago he had acquired a consid-
erable fortune. He had always been an ardent advocate of education in its

I

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. I9I

highest and best phases, although his own early advantages in this respect
had been very meager ; and now he purposed to devote his money and the
remainder of his life to the founding in Pasadena of an institution of learn-
ing, on the most approved plan that educational experts could suggest.
After several conferences and consultations with friends upon the subject
during the spring and summer of 1891, a special meeting was held at his
house on August 31, at which were present Rev. Dr. E. L. Conger ; Prof.
John Dickinson of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles ;
Prof. C. H. Keyes, superintendent of schools. Riverside ; Prof Will S.
Monroe, superintendent of schools, Pasadena ; Prof. James D. Graham,
principal of High School, Pasadena. The result of this meeting was a de-
cision to proceed at once to open the college ; and in a few days Father
Throop had leased for five years the great four-story Wooster block, corner
of Fair Oaks Avenue and Kansas street, and commenced fitting it up for
school uses ; and a circular was issued announcing that the new college
would open and begin its scholastic year on November 2. I quote :

" On September 23d, articles of incorporation were filed with the secre-
tary of state, with the following named persons as a board of incorporation :
Gov. H. H. Markham, H. W. Magee, Esq., J. C. Michener, M. D., W. U.
Masters, J. S. Hodge, M. D., Major Geo. H. Bonebrake, Hon. Delos Arnold,
Hon. T. P. Lukens, E. F. Hurlbut, Prof. T. S. C. Lowe, Hon. P. M. Green,
F. C. Howes, Milton D. Painter, Hon. A. G. Throop, Ex-Gov. Lionel A.
Sheldon.

"The first meeting of the board of trustees was held October 2d, at
which time officers were elected as follows : Hon. A. G. Throop, president ;
L. W. Andrews, secretary ; Hon. P. M. Green, treasurer.

"On October 8th the by-laws of the corporation were by the trustees
discussed and adopted, and an executive committee elected, consisting oi
Hon. A. G. Throop, Rev. E. L. Conger, W. E. Arthur, Mrs. L. T. W.
Conger and E. E. Spalding.

" ' Throop University' was the name that had been adopted, and it was
announced to embrace the following departments : College of Letters and
Science : (a) Classical Course, (b) Philosophical Course, (c) Scientific
Course, (d) English Course. Preparatory Department, Law School, Musical
Institute, Art Studio, Elocution, Stenography and Typewriting, Physical
Culture — Gymnasium. Prof. M. M. Parker was elected vice president of
the University. A list of ten instructors was announced for the first year."

The Daily Star of November 1 1 , said :

" Prof. M. M. Parker is in receipt of a letter from Hon. Delos Arnold
offering to Throop University a valuable collection of 150 varieties of quat-
ernary and pliocene fossils from this [Los Angeles] county. The gift has
been accepted by Prof. Parker on behalf of the University, with thanks.
A duplicate of this collection was recently sent by Mr. Arnold to the curator
of the national museum at Washington, by whom it is considered of
especial value."

OPENING DAY.

The University classes commenced their regular sessions on Monday,
November 2, 187 1 ; and on the previous Saturday the friends of the enter-

192 ■ HISTORY OF PASADENA.

prise took occasion to express their sentiments in a public recepiion to
Father Throop. From the Star's report of this event I make a few ex-
tracts of pertinent and historic interest :

The commodious room set apart for the chapel and assembly hall of
Throop University was filled Saturday afternoon by a concourse of ladies
and gentlemen who fairly represented the culture and intelligence of the
community. Prof. M. M. Parker, vice-president of the University, filled
the chair. He stated that the objects of the gathering were to afford the
citizens of the city an opportunity of congratulating Father Throop upon
the success of his plans thus far, and to express their appreciation of his
efforts in behalf of the cause of education.

A. R. Metcalfe, Esq., said : "The founding of such an institution in
Passadena is cause for general congratulation among the people of the com-
munity. * * Every home and every citizen will be the better and the
happier and the richer for the victories to be won in Throop University ;
and in behalf of the people of Pasadena, Mr. Metcalfe said, he thanked Father
Throop for his noble work — for what he had done and what he intended
to do. To found such an institution was the act of one of the noblest of
God's creatures, one whose love for the people dominates all his acts. In
their hearts Father Throop has a very warm spot which could be hardly
filled by any other (applause)."

Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr said : " If such an institution had been opened 50
years ago, all girls would have been left out in planning for the reception of
students, and she desired to thank Father Throop for making no discrimina-
tion in the matter of sex in opening the doors of the University. * *
Fifty years ago only eleven of the great rancheros who owned the five
southern counties of California, could read or sign their names. The
nearest boarding school was at Honolulu in the Sandwich Islands. We
congratulate ourselves upon the birth of this University ; not only for the
obvious advantages it will bring to our city, but because each new institu-
tion is another step in advance in the recognition it gives to the value of
practical education."

Rev. C. E. Harris, pastor of the Baptist church, was introduced as a
representative of the local ministers. Mr. Harris made one of his happy
responses, saying that he wished to adopt as his sentiments everything that
had so far been said in commendation of Father Throop, and to add that
Mrs. Throop is entitled to share in the praise for the work done in founding
this college. Its establishment marks a significant crisis in the history of
the city.

Prof. Parker called upon Father Throop to speak, and the venerable
founder of the college came upon the platform amidst loud and long-con-
tinued applause. He said that in the course of his long life he had had
many happy days, and that this was one of the happiest. After a life of
economy and industry he had devoted such means as he had to the endow-
ment of the college. He had himself felt the need of such education as it
will afford, which perhaps fitted him better to appreciate its needs, and had
stimulated his ambition to do something in the cause of higher learning.
In all his plans he had the good-will and co-operation of Mrs. Throop, of
his daughter, Mrs. Vaughan, of his niece (Miss Waite), and other relatives,
many of whom were happily present with him on this happy occasion.
Father Throop said it was his ambition to make the college what the times

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. I93

demand, which was a school of the best. Aside from all politics and sectar-
ianism he desired to make its instruction broad and high and pure, under
which its pupils may learn what is best and most useful.

In 1892 a body of land was secured at the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue
and Chestnut street, where two street-car lines passed, and the building now
known as " West Hall " was erected. It stands 140 feet frontage on Fair
Oaks by 80 feet on Chestnut, two stories high. Its ultimate design was
for the departments of Mechanics and Physics chiefly, as the institution
should progress in its evolutional development ; but in October, 1892, all
the school work was transferred from Wooster Hall to this new building,
which had been equipped with gas engines and machinery for wood work,
iron work and electric work ; also for cooking school, sewing school, chemi-
cal laboratory, biological laboratory, and type-writing.

CHANGE OF TITI,E.

Before the opening of the college j^ear of 1892 it had been decided to
drop the ambitious and incorrect title of ' ' University " ; to make manual
and industrial education the characteristic feature of the school ; and to call
it "Throop Polytechnic Institute." And the motto "■learn to do by
doing'' was adopted, to express tersely the plan and aim of its curriculum.

By 1893 an additional block of ground had been secured, extending
from West Hall eastward to Raymond Avenue ; and here was erected the
main building — 150 feet frontage on Chestnut street by 68 on Raymond —
three stories high, besides a full basement — and cost nearly $40,000.

During the summer of 1894 $12,000 worth of new machinery, steam
power, and other mechanical apparatus was added to the West Hall equip-
ment ; and all the literary and fine arts class-work was established in East
Hall.

In 1893, when East Hall had been completed, the permanent character
of the institution and its great value to the general interests of Pasadena
became more apparent. The matter was talked up in the Board of Trade
meetings and elsewhere, and finally, December 21, was settled upon to be
observed as

FATHER throop DAY.

The necessary committees were appointed, and arrangements made for
a testimonial meeting and public ovation during the day, in the Tabernacle,
and a banquet at Hotel Green in the evening. The forenoon, from 9 to 12
o'clock, was devoted to visiting and inspecting the Institute buildings, the
machinery being all in motion and students at work. Then from 12:15 till
1:45 lunch was served by the cooking school in West Hall, limited to
visitors from outside the city. And at 2:15 the program of exercises at the
Tabernacle commenced. Here W. E. Arthur, Esq., city attorney, served as
president of the day, and Hon. W. A. Cheney of Los Angeles delivered the
testimonial oration, which was a most brilliant effort.

13

194

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Mr. Arthur, on behalf of the citizens of Pasadena, presented to the
trustees of the Throop Institute, a very fine life-size oil portrait of Father
Throop, elegantly framed, which was unveiled to the audience by two young
lady students while he spoke. And it was accepted in a fitting speech on
behalf of the trustees by President Keyes, who spoke for Mr. Throop, presi-
dent of the board.

HON. A. G. THROOP— FATHER THROOP.

Following this, Father Throop himself, in a speech of deep earnestness
and pathos, made formal presentation of the Throop Polytechnic Institute,
with all its lands, buildings, equipments and endowments, as a free gift to
the City of Pasadena and her people. He bequeathed it to them as a sacred
trust, to be fostered and su.stained, and made to subserve the highest and
noblest uses of a thorough-going, practical, moral, self-helpful, unsectarian

Note.— The damaged condition of the above cut was not known till on press, too late for remedy.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 1 95

education, for boys and girls alike, and at the lowest possible cost. His
feelings had been deeply hurt by his having heard several times of testy
opposition to his school from a few persons of extra stiff devotion to so-called
"Orthodox" theology, because he was a prominent member of the
Universalist church ; and upon this point he said :

"I want to disabuse • anyone of the idea that this is a sectarian school.
This is a school for the public, and I am not here today to forfeit my honor
and my character to build up any sectarian institution. I have property
here unincumbered worth $60,000 which will be used as an endowment fund
for this school, provided the directors keep it what it now is, non-partisan
and non-sectarian. I am here to offer you this property for the benefit of
Pasadena, Los Angeles county, Southern California, humanity. I want you
to leave me my character, worth more to me than anything. I did not do
this for public applause, but to return the means God has given me to the
one to whom it belongs. I oflfer this as a Christmas donation, and if it is
worth anything to you, take it, and help me make it what it ought to be."

His speech was received with enthusiastic and long-continued applause.

To this munificent and noble offer Mayor O. F. Weed responded on
behalf of the city authorities and the people, accepting the gift, and promis-
ing that the high aims of the venerable and beloved founder of the institution
should be carried out. He said :

' ' The people of Pasadena have much to be thankful for — for their
climate and soil, for the culture and refinement of the community, for our
magnificent hotels and other buildings, for Prof. Lowe's unique mountain
railroad, for our schools and churches. But Father Throop's gift of the
Polytechnic Institute surpasses all others, and it will bear his name along
the line of coming generations yet unborn. Pasadena accepts the gift, and
will ever hold the giver in grateful veneration. Other men have achieved
fame, but Father Throop has achieved a glory that is immortal.'"

An appeal was made for scholarships to aid the Institute in providing
free tuition for worthy pupils who need a little help. In response a number
of pledges were announced, some of which were never paid. The following
is a complete list of bona fide scholarship pledges ($1,000) up to January
I, 1895:

B. F. Ball $1,000 Mary E. McGee $1,000

W. C. Stewart 1,000 Mrs. Thos. F. Croft 1,000

F.J.Woodbury (land) 1,000 Citizens Subscription pledge... 1,000

Prof. T. S. C. Lowe 2,000 Adelia M. Callender 1,000

Mrs. Prof. Lowe 2,000 E. F. Hurlbut 1,000

Some other persons also, have given lesser amounts to the scholarship
fund,

THE BANQUET.

In the evening the largest assemblage ever seated at a banquet in Pasa-
dena gathered at Hotel Green, 260 plates being served. Hon. P. M. Green
presided, sitting with Father Throop at his right hand and Gov. Markham
at his left. By Father Throop's special request, the evil custom of serving

196 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

wines and liquors on banquet occasions was entirely dispensed with here.
The sentiments or ' ' toasts ' ' and responses were as follows :

"California." Response by Gov. H. H. Markham.

"Give the American Boy a Chance." Response by Dr. Walter L^ind-
ley, superintendent of the State School at Whittier.

" Woman's Influence." Response by Rev. Florence E. Kollock.

"The Ivadies." Response by J. G. Rossiter, Esq.

" The Tramp." Response by Prest. C. H. Keyes.

" Physical Culture." Response by Dr. Norman Bridge.

" Our Duty to Posterity." Response by Hon. A. G. Throop.

Here I quote a passage from the Daily Star's report :

" The announcement of Father Throop as the next speaker was received
with great applause. He spoke to the text, "Our Duty to Posterity."
There is one great lack in our system of education, he thought, and he
hoped Throop Polytechnic Institute would insist upon supplying it, and that
is, moral training. We must teach our children to be honest. He would
also teach our young people to be patriotic, and to this end he hoped the
flags on the buildings of the Institute would never be taken down (ap-
plause). Moral honesty and patriotism were the two great lessons he
wanted to insist upon tonight."

Following this, Mrs. Elizabeth Grinnell read an original poem of 32

stanzas, entitled "An Ode to Father Throop," from which I quote a few

pertinent lines :

Men unveil statues of the world's great heroes ;

Cold statues, soulless marble, unresponsive stone ;
Carved images within whose empty chambers
Sits no brave spirit on its royal throne.

Not so today ; with heads uncovered, waiting

Before the One Great Master's work of art.
Behold we, not a silent piece of marble,

While with a tender touch we draw the veil apart.

Chiseled in warm flesh, see the figure standing;

His pedestal God's truth, the love of human kind
Cementing each to each in perfect union ;

Lo, here the living form, and in the form the mind.

I saw a dude pass by you yester morning

When you were raking builders' trash away ;

He glanced with silly scorn upon your rubbish

And asked, " What do such workmen get per day ?

Ask, ye who will, the hoary-headed ages
If love e'er bargained for its price in gold ;

Or stipulated for its wage in silver,
As if its ministrations could be sold.

The man who grasps a tool with honest motive,
And stoops himself to help the laborer rise,

Doubles the gift his charity would tender —
He gives his wealth, his toil, his enterprise.

Oh, Father Throop, your form we love and honor.

You teach that ' ' Industry is Fortune's maid."
Long may you live to show the generations

That Purpose builds, where Prudence is afraid.

I

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS.

197

This concluded the exercises of one of Pasadena's most notable and
^Jar^eacfnnP^ historic days, which had set her noblest institution before the

low of wholesome and heartsome interest that had
erto. It was the first thoroughly-equipped Poly-
ining College established west of the Mississippi
lery, apparatus, and facilities for highest grade in-
irfect and complete of their kind that money could
ature the latest and best improvements had been
ison it really excels any of the older schools on the
Eastern cities.

iminated Yule Trees r ^^ steadily from the first.

Himalaya Cedars of pupils in 1891-92 35

" " " 1892-93 165

" " 1893-94 158

" " 1894-95 301

1891, to April 19, 1893, there had been paid out
and current expenses of the school, by Father
le current expenses for 1893-94 were $19,591.25.

ANTED IN 1885
ALTADENA

IN

V 80 Feet in Height,
200 in Number

^ADENA Dec. 31.-The deodars
ima Rosa avenue, which are
viewed nightly by thousands
3ple, are Himalayan cedars
s of the cedrus deodora
1 of the cedar family, accord-
^a bulletin issued by Alta-
-hamber of Commerce

name "deodar" means "tree
1. They border both sides
e highway from Footh;«r
ard to Woodbury road, ap-
^ately a mile in length. Hid-
' them and bordering the

are many beautiful home

landscaped with green ex-

°^ -1^^^"' terraces, trees,
and flowers.

ieodars, nearly 200 in num-
•re planted fifty years ago
w aporoximate eiehtv fept I

A report printefim the New Year Edition of the Pasadena Star, 1895,
says :

"It has accomodations for over 400 pupils. The growth for 1894-95
has been rapid and gratifying. Seven members were added to the faculty,
making a total of twenty-five teachers engaged in the work of the Institute.
I Prof M. M. Parker was chosen Dean of the faculty. During the summer
$12,000 worth of new machinery and apparatus has been purchased and in-
stalled. This includes additions to chemical, physical, electrical and
biological equipment, a new steam plant, complete pattern shop outfit, a
complete machine shop outfit, and a Sloyd school equipment. The total
value of the equipment at present amounts to about $100,000. The officers

THROOP POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

196

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

wines and liquors on banquet occasions was entirely dispensed with here.
The sentiments or " toasts " and responses were as follows :^

"California." Response by Gov. H. H. Mark' -Buape^iv Jo ^jed b

"Give the American Boy a Chance." Respo 5 'saaoe 0O6 Jo

_ — , , • • -"9$ -loj 0881 *•" s-i3U;c>-tc[ i^jnqj

ley superintendent of the State School at Whittier.'i^q paseqoand sba v[oubj a

' •■ woman's Influence." Response by Rev, FkJ _^ jujo^ .<™.P-M =M.^ o,J.

"The Ladies." Response by J. G. Rossiter, ±e g^^^g ^^^ ^^^^^ gunoiC am ■^ds

"The Tramp." Response by Prest. C. H. Ke^, -pooM ^loijapajj: pus a "Mt

" Physical Culture." Response by Dr. Norma"

" Our Duty to Posterity." Response by Hon.^

Here I quote a passage from the Daify Star's r'l

"The announcement of Father Throop as the nc
with great applause. He spoke to the text, " (j"
There is one great lack in our system of educat
hoped Throop Polytechnic Institute would insist up
is, moral training. We must teach our children tS
also teach our young people to be patriotic, and to
flags on the buildings of the Institute would ne
plause). Moral honesty and patriotism were th^
wanted to insist upon tonight."

Following this, Mrs. EHzabeth Grinnell read
stanzas, entitled

pertinent lines

qouBJ dSs^i am Jo UBiuaaoj ■
••J sEUToqi, 'SSSI JO Jauiuins
ui -iib; ■\dBj om; ^noqe aaaAV
ji4un .TO 'saB3A 03u\\]. aoj p;
-'a.i A^m ajaqM 'ssbiS aapun

UI UAVOS a.T9AV Sp39S .TBpoap :

qau^H iS^nqpooAV.

•3jm JO ;99j

UBqi 9.I0UI sajmbaj S93J1 aqi

oj, dan aq; 01 s^qgii aAiJ-J^I

JO 'qoBa sqinq aAij-Aiua/

saauiEa.i:|.s 99jq^ sai.tJHD aaj;

■a^iqM. japuiBuiaa aq; puB

pa^q:^ b 'pa.v guiaq pjiq^ e

;q§TI Dii:>oaia paaoioo 0009 s3

saaj; aq^ iq.SiI ox 'JBaA qoi

Moag SI aaquinu aq; puB 'p^

mu aJB uuaq; }0 Jieq ;noqi

An Ode to Father Throop," froJ'aBak ^saij aq; s^^a:^ aqwo
in.11 v^viv, r. ij ^^^^ ^Q paoBid aaaM s;qSii a

Men unveil statues of the world's great 1 a
Cold statues, soulless marble, unresponl

Carved images within whose empty chan
Sits no brave spirit on its royal throne. 1

Not so today ; with heads uncovered, wai t
Before the One Great Master's work of i

Behold we, not a silent piece of marble, '
While with a tender touch we draw the

Chiseled in warm flesh, see the figure star
His pedestal God's truth, the love of hi .

Cementing each to each in perfect union ;',
Lo, here the living form, and in the fori.

I saw a dude pass by you yester morning
When you were raking builders' trash a-

He glanced with silly scorn upon your rub

And asked, "What do such workmen get per day ? "

Ask, ye who will, the hoary-headed ages
If love e'er bargained for its price in gold ;

Or stipulated for its wage in silver,
As if its ministrations could be sold.

The man who grasps a tool with honest motive,
And stoops himself to help the laborer rise.

Doubles the gift his charity would tender —
He gives his wealth, his toil, his enterprise.

Oh, Father Throop, your form we love and honor.

You teach that "Industry is Fortune's maid."
Long may you live to show the generations

That Purpose builds, where Prudence is afraid.

paCoad aq; ui qn^:
-BSHd aq; ^\]^'^ pauioC qnio
-t;^ BuapB;iv LZ61 "I '■^'^^^
uouBuiuinni aq; aiiBUi o}
-ap SBAV II ;Bq; JBaX ;saij aij
BXW paA\aiA aidoad aubui 03
-o.xddB Di;sBisnq;ua q^iAV ;a'
-saggns aqj,' -paCo-id aq; J
o; pailsB aq qoiqM puB
siuba\i:H EuapBSBd JO lu.
SBAV aq uaq.w auii; aqi ^'e
3 pa.Tj JO Eapi aqi si pa
ut ungaq sbav auii; sbiuisi.
sasj* 9m gunqgii JO uto^sno
0S6I »! p»»»i^n

aq; ;b ;aaj /«;.ioj o; Aji
pBaads qouBjq b m]M.

I

IDIVISION THREK — BRAINS. 1 97

This concluded the exercises of one of Pasadena's most notable and
far-reaching historic days, which had set her noblest institution before the
public in a fresh, warm glow of wholesome and heartsome interest that had
not been manifested hitherto. It was the first thoroughly-equipped Poly-
technic or Manual Training College established west of the Mississippi
river, and all its machinery, apparatus, and facilities for highest grade in-
struction are the most perfect and complete of their kind that money could
purchase. In every feature the latest and best improvements had been
sought ; and for this reason it really excels any of the older schools on the
same plan in the largest Eastern cities.

The school won its way steadily from the first.

Total enrollment of pupils in 1891-92 35

" " 1892-93 165

" " 1893-94 158

" " 1894-95 301

From September i, 1891, to April 19, 1893, there had been paid out
for buildings, grounds, and current expenses of the school, by Father
Throop, $57,628.70. The current expenses for 1893-94 were $19,591.25.

Uuiversalist
Church.

E;ast Hall.

Co. A, Throop Cadets.

Land of Sunshiue" Photo.— 1895
West Hall.

THROOP POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE.

A report printed in the New Year Edition of the Pasadena Star, 1895,
says :

"It has accomodations for over 400 pupils. The growth for 1894-95
has been rapid and gratifying. Seven members were added to the faculty,
making a total of twenty-five teachers engaged in the work of the Institute.
Prof. M. M. Parker was chosen Dean of the faculty. During the summer
$12,000 worth of new machinery and apparatus has been purchased and in-
stalled. This includes additions to chemical, physical, electrical and
biological equipment, a new steam plant, complete pattern shop outfit, a
complete machine shop outfit, and a Sloyd school equipment. The total
value of the equipment at present amounts to about $100,000. The officers

igS HISTORY OF PASADENA.

of the board of Trustees for 1894-95, are: Hon. P. M. Green, President;
E. L. Conger, D. D., Vice-President; Frank J. Polley, Secretary; C. B.
Scoville, Teasurer.

"The members of the Board of Trustees are: Hon. P. M. Green,
K. E. Spalding, Mrs. Ellen I. Stanton, Mrs. Eouise T. W. Conger, Hon.
Enoch Knight, Hon. T. P. Eukens, W. E. Arthur, Esq., John Wadsworth,
C. B. Scoville, Esq., President C. H. Keyes, Norman Bridge, M. D., Hon.
W. E. Hardison, E. E. Conger, D. D., C. D. Daggett."

Executive Board for 1895-96: Hon. P. M. Green, chairman; C. D.
Daggett, John Wadsworth, W. E. Arthur, Rev. Dr. Conger.

LIFE OF FATHER THROOP.

As a fitting addition to this historical sketch of the Throop Polytechnic
Institute, I give here a brief biography of its founder, who is more truly
loved by the people of Pasadena than any other man who has ever lived
here. Prof. Eowe is honored and admired ; " Father Throop" is loved and
revered with an affectionate tenderness born in us from his own great love
toward his fellow-men.

Hon. Amos G. Throop was born in De Ruyter, Madison county. New
York, July 22, 1811. The most of his boyhood was spent in Courtland and
Chenango counties. New York. In May, 1832, he left Chenango county
for Michigan, the then far west, settling in St. Clair county. In 1838 he
returned to his native State, and at Preston was united in marriage with
Miss Eliza V. Waite. He and his wife returned to his home in Michigan,
where they remained until 1843, in which year they removed to Chicago,
where they resided until 1880. He was one of the organizers of the Chi-
cago Board of Trade, and a member of it for many years. In 1849 Mr.
Throop was elected an alderman of the city of Chicago, serving four years.
In 1854 and 1855 he was appointed assessor for West Chicago. In 1855 ^'^
was elected city treasurer for a term of two years, during which time he
handled over $5,000,000 of the city funds. Mr. Throop served five years as
a member of the Board of Supervisors of Cook county, and for two years
was a member of the state legislature of Illinois. In 1876 he was again
elected alderman, and served the city in that capacity for four years.

He came to California in 1880, locating in Los Angeles, where he re-
mained until 1886, when he removed to Pasadena. In 1888 Mr. and Mrs.
Throop celebrated their golden wedding. From 1888 to 1892 he served
Pasadena as a member of her city council, being also Mayor of the city for
the last two years of his term.

PASSED AWAY.

On Thursday, March 22, 1894, he worked until about noon setting out
some flowering plants at the Polytechnic grounds. Then he went home,
feeling sick from a chronic ulceration of the stomach with which he had
long been a sufferer ; and at 8:10 in the evening he passed away as quietly
and peacefully as a child falls asleep. His wife and daughter [Mrs. J. C
Vaughan] were in Chicago, and his brother, John Throop, at his own home
below Eos Angeles, and they were summoned by telegraph. The next day

DIVISION THREE — ^'BRAINS. 199

all flags in the city were displayed at half mast. Awaiting the arrival of
absent members of his family, the funeral did not take place until March
28th, when, as the Daily 5/arsaid, occurred "the most impressive demon-
stration of popular sorrow that ever occurred in Pasadena." Mrs. Throop
was sick in Chicago and not able to come, but the daughter came. Places
of business were generally closed during the funeral hour, and nearly all
were draped with emblems of mourning. The public services occurred at
the Universalist church ; and as an historic indication of the esteem in
which he was held by all classes and sects, I note that the following clergy-
men sat in the pulpit area as participants in the commemorative exercises :

Rev. Dr. J. B. Stewart, Rev. N. H. G. Fife and Rev. I,. P. Crawford,
Presbyterians.

Rev. Clark Crawford and Rev. W. G. Cowan, Methodists.

Rev. H. T. Staats, Congregationalist.

Rev. C. E. Harris, Baptist.

Rev. T. D. Garvin, Christian or Disciples.

Rev. C. E. Tebbetts, Friends.

Rev. Dr. E. E. Conger, Rev. Dr. Deere, and Rev. Florence E. Kol-
lock, Universalists.

The pall-bearers were : Prof. T. S. C. Do we, W. U. Masters, Thomas
F. Croft, Hon. P. M. Green, T. P. Lukens, and Elisha Millard.

Marshals and assistant marshals of the funeral procession were Col. E.
P. Hansen, city marshal John T. Buchanan, Capt. A. C. Drake of G. A. R.,
Capt. N. S. Bangham of Sons of Veterans, and Geo Mahler. Escorts were
Co. B. of the National Guards, Co. A of Throop Polytechnic Cadets, and
the Pasadena Band. The church was crowded to its uttermost capacity,
besides many comers who could not gain entrance ; and there were few who
did not shed tears. It was as if every one felt it a personal bereavement —
the loss of a beloved friend. The fine memorial window in the east wall of
the church to his only son, George Throop, who died as a soldier in the
Union army, was appropriately draped with national flags, and bore witness
now to the devoted patriotism of both father and son in the days when the
nation's life was in peril.* Mr. Higinbotham, late president of the World's
Fair managers, who had known and loved both Father Throop and his
soldier son from thirty-four years back, was present, and spoke most feel-
ingly his tribute of praise. Gov. H. H. Markham also spoke ; and others.
And James G. Clark, the venerable poet, music composer and singer, known
to fame for nearly forty years past, sang his own well-known song, ' ' The
Evergreen Mountains of Eife." Rev. Dr. Conger related his last interview

*" An elegant memorial window occupies the east wall of the Universalist church, to the memory ot
George Throop, son of our venerable city councilman, Hon. A. G. Throop. The young man belonged to
the Chicago Mercantile Battery, and took part in the battles of Black River Bridge, Champion's Hill, Port
Gibson, Arkansas Post, Mausfield, Siegeof Jackson, Siegeof Vicksburg." — Pasadena Standard. March 12,
18S9. He was mortally wounded in the disastrous Red River expedition in April, 1864, and his body
never found.

2O0 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

with Father Throop, when with almost his last breath he said : "My
journey is almost ended ; and I am ready, if it is my Heavenly Father's
will. But what will become of my schools I answered, " You have done
your whole duty nobly ; and Pasadena will take care of your school. ' '

He had already expended for the Institute a total sum of $97,874. His
will gives $20,000 more, or whatever remains of the estate after the death of
his wife.

CLASSICAL SCHOOL FOR BOYS.

Established in October, 1889. Stephen Cutter Clark, A. B., principal ;
Mrs. Grace Miller Clark, A. B. and A. M., Greek and Latin ; Mary Louisa
French, A. B., primary; Jean Trebaol, French; Wm. P. Hammond, pen-
manship ; Wm. Wallis, drillmaster. Object : To fit and prepare boys for ad-
mission to any college or university in the country. The enterprise succeeded
from the first. In the spring of 189 1 Mr. Clark erected a building purposely
for his school, at No. 59 South Euclid Avenue, with six recitation rooms.
The number of pupils averaged about 30, the highest enrollment being 37.

CLASSICAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS.

Established in 1890, by Anna B. Orton, principal, and instructor in
Mathematics and in Greek and Latin ; May A. Morrison, French and His-
tory ; Isa Cranston Pirret, English branches ; Mabel L. Merriman, Science ;
Fraulein A. Werner, German ; Wm. P. Hammond, penmanship ; Mrs. L.
E. Garden-Macleod, drawing and painting, this department being a branch
of the Los Angeles School of Art and Design. The music department has
Herr Thilo Becker and Susan R. Orton, as instructors on the piano ; and
Josef and Johanna Rubo, teachers of voice culture and chorus singing. The
object is to give girls a thorough school culture, and to prepare those who
wish it for entrance to any college or university where women are admitted.
In the summer of 1892 Miss Orton erected a fine building in old Spanish
style of architecture, designed and planned purposely for her school, with
five recitation rooms — No. 124 South Euclid Avenue. She had 16 pupils
the first year, and about 60 in all departments the past year.

WILLIAMS BUSINESS COLLEGE.
Commenced September 17, 1894, in Strong's Block on Colorado street:
T. J. Williams, principal ; Miss Bertha Buckingham, teacher of English
branches ; Chas. A. Miles, business agent. Full courses in all branches of
book-keeping, penmanship, pen drawing, shorthand, typewriting, etc. Fur-
niture and apparatus, about $800. Publish a paper called The New Education.

PASADENA'S STATE NORMAL GRADUATES.

Prof. E. T. Pierce, now principal of the State Normal School at Los
Angeles, has kindly furnished me the following list of all the young people
from Pasadena who have graduated at that institution :

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS.

20 1

Class of 1884 — Elma Ball, Hannah P. Ball.

Class of 1886 — Henry A. Fisk.

Class of 1887 — Mary M. Baker.

Class OF 1889 — Agnes Elliott (now a teacher in the Normal — 1895).

Class of 1890 — Ida Robinson, Ella G. Wood.

Class of 1891 — Imelda Brooks, Jessie A. Fisher, Frances H. Gearhart,
May Gearhart, Caroline E. Harris, Charles C. Hill, Edith M. Kellogg.
Sarah L. Prentiss.

Class of 1892 — Lizzie E. Batchelder, Mary E. Johnston, Etta V.
Neibel, Mary E. Thompson [grand-daughter of the historic "Old John
Brown "].

Class op 1893 — Aura M. Beach, Grace E. Bosley, Agnes E. Daniels,
Esther C. Daniels, Anna M. Dilworth, Agnes Fushia, Grace Johnston,
Herbert C. Mosher, James W. Mosher, Marion Van Slyck.

Total, 29 — 4 gentlemen and 25 ladies.

TABLE OF enrollment IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA OF
students registered from PASADENA.

NAME

Charles A. Allin

Jonathan M. Gilmore

Mary H. Gilmore

Harry W. Rhodes

Charles L. Turner

Joseph O. Downing....
Harriet H. Godfrey....

Ralph A. Gould

William H. Linney....

Alva D. S. McCoy

Fred H. Scares

Elma F. Ball

Clifford W. Barnes

George F. Duncan

DATE OF
ENROLL-
MENT

1887
1890
1889
1890
1888
1890
189I

1893
1891
189I
I89I

1886
1885
1889

DEGREE
OBTAINED

COURSE
PURSUED

Ph. B., '94
B. L., '94
B. L., '94
B. S., '94
A. B., '92

CI.

L. P. S.

Chem.

Min.

Chem.

C. E.

Lit.

CI.

L. P. S.

B. L., '95

B. S., '95

B. S., '95

REMARKS

In residence.

Withdrew, 1887.
1887.
1890.

Attest : James Sutton, Recorder of the Faculties.

PASADENIANS in STANFORD UNIVERSITY — 1 894.

The following students from Pasadena were on the rolls at Eeland
Stanford, Jr., University, Palo Alto, California, in 1894, and the list was
kindly furnished me by Prof. Monroe :

Will S. Monroe, formerly city superintendent of schools.
Caspar W. Hodgson, formerly principal Eincoln school.
Charles C. Hill, formerly principal Grant school.
Agnes S to well, formerly teacher in Washington school.
Ella G. Wood, formerly teacher in lyincoln school.
Ellen F. Thompson, formerly teacher in High school.
Hattie Mason Willard,* formerly teacher in Pasadena Academy [gradu-
ate of Chicago Law School.]

Clara Winifred Caldwell,* formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Kate E. Nash,* formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Eenora Schopbach, formerly student in Pasadena High school.

♦Graduated in June, 1895.

202 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

George H. Baldwin, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Ethel W. Bishop, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Carleton E. Durrell,* formerly student in Pasadena High school.
LeRoy D. Ely, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Chas. A. Fife, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
J. Paull Fife, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Lyman Wood worth, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Carl C. Thomas, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Winifred Webb, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Rennie W. Doane, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Will A Strong, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Roland H. Manahan,* formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Frances M. Rand, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Erma Rand, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Harriet Nichols, formerly student in Pasadena High school.
Mrs. May Caldwell Ray, formerly resident of Pasadena.
Ernest B. Hoag, B. S., special course.

Total 26, out of a total of 44 from Eos Angeles county.

PASADENA STUDENTS AT POMONA COLLEGE.

Claremont, Cal., May 21, 1894.

Dr. H. a. Reid, Pasadena, Cal. : Dear Sir : — In the absence of
president Baldwin, your communication asking for names of those who have
attended our institution, has been handed me for reply. None have gradu-
ated from the College course, but the following have been connected with
the school from Pasadena :

Edwin F. Hahn, [graduated from preparatory school in 1894.]

Eucy Traylor, special student, '94.

Emma Parker, freshman, '94.

Abba E. Marston, freshman, '94.

Charles C. Knight, junior preparatory, '94.

Alfred Erskine, middle preparatory, '94.

Very truly yours, E. C. Norton.

I wrote the University of Southern California for a similar report, but
received no answer.

CHAPTER X.

Literary : The Public Library. — The Library Building. — The Library Citrus Fair. —
The Library Syndicate. — The Library's purchase by the City. — Academy of Science
and Scientific Collections. — Pasadena's Newspapers. — 1883 to 1895. — Pasadena's
Literary People. — Pasadena Architecture.

THE PUBLIC LIBRARY.

In 1882, while Pasadena was still merely a fruit colony. Abbot Kinney
suggested the starting of a pubHc free library. Some thought the colony
settlers too much scattered and too poor to make or use such a library ; but
the more cultivated and progressive people grew more in favor of the under-

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 203

taking as they kept on talking about it ; and the lugubrious "lions in the
way " proved to be empty air bubbles whenever punched with a pointed
argument or a living purpose. I find special credit accorded to S. Wash-
burn for his public-spiritedness and attention in working up subscriptions
for the enterprise ; and to H. N. Rust, Dr. O. H. Conger, Dr. layman
Allen, T. P. Lukens, and E. F. Hurlbut for active assistance in the prelim-
inary work necessary to complete the organization. Mr. Kinney had
planned it to be a popular movement in which all could take part ; there
were to be 10,000 shares at $5 each; and on this basis it was incorporated
December 26, 1882, under the name of " Pasadena Library and Village Im-
provement Society." A circular was at once issued, setting forth its ob-
jects, and that $1,000 of the stock had already been subscribed and paid in;
that $700 had been pledged by the A. O. U. W. and I. O. G. T. fraternal
orders ; and soliciting further contributions of money, books, periodicals,
etc. This first document ever issued by the Association bears no date, but
is signed by the Board of Directors : Abbot Kinney, president ; Jeanne C.
Carr, corresponding secretary ; S. Washburn, A. R. Hanna, W. H. Wakeley,
H. N. Rust, E. F. Hurlbut, layman Allen. Up to February i, 1885,
there had been 348 shares of the stock subscribed and paid, which with
funds from other sources made a total of $2,374.04 received ; while the ex-
penditures had been $3,063.70. In reporting the sources of the Eibrary
funds a list is printed of 149 individual contributors, among whom Abbot
Kinney is credited with $300, H. D. Bacon $250, E F. Hurlbut $60 ; J. F,
Crank and H. H. Markham $50 each ; T. P. Lukens, James Craig and
James Smith $25 each ; H. H. Vischer, H. Ridgway, W. W. McGee, E. S.
Frost, $20 each ; Mrs. Gov. Stoneman, $15 ; and others in $10 and $5 sums.
The Art Loan Society is credited with $272.46 ; Entertainment at Hall,
$92.05 ; Cash from Concert $58 ; Col. Howard's lecture $30 ; H. N. Rust's
lecture $21.50 ; Horticultural Society $19 ; and so on. These will indicate
some of the methods used to raise money, outside of stock share subscrip-
tions. Public concerts were given on the evening of Memorial Day, 1884,
and on November i, 1884, under the management of Mrs. S. E. Merritt,
the librarian,* which netted $118, and the Trustees assigned this to her to
provide needful furnishings foi; the Library parlor and reading room. A
book social was held at Library Hall in January, 1884, each guest bringing
some sort ot a book suitable for the Library. And Mr. Kinney planned
an Art Loan Exhibition, in which H. N. Rust's large and rare collection of
stone implements and Indian relics was a prominent feature ; this Loan
Exhibition proved the most successful of anything, and brought $272.46
into the Library fund. Other persons who are specially credited with good

*Mrs. Merritt was librarian from the first ; and on November 7, 1SS4, she was elected secretary,
vice W. W. Doyle, resigned, and held the office until 1SS9, when L. C. Winston was elected (after one
Otto Froelich had served a few months). The Decoration Day concert gotten [up by Mrs. Merritt in
Williams Hall this year was the first public obser^-ance of the day ever made in Pasadena. It cleared
$50 for the I,ibrary.

204 HISTORY OF PASADENA. ^

service in the various ways for raising funds were : Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr,
Mrs. Dr. O. H. Conger, Mrs. Belle M. Jewett, Mrs. I,. C. Winston, Mrs.
Rosenbaum, Miss Anna Picher, Miss Alice Freeman.

THE LIBRARY BUILDING.

B. D. Wilson had donated the central five-acre school lot to the colony
for school purposes only. From these grounds the school trustees leased a
lot 100x306 feet in size to the Library Association for a term of twenty
years ; but in order to validate this lease it was necessary to get the Wilson
deed changed — and this change was granted by Mrs. J. De Barth Shorb
and the two younger daughters of Mr. Wilson, his surviving heirs, for
which favor the Association was very grateful. Then during 1883-84 a sub-
stantial frame building 22x40 and two stories high was erected on their lot,
next east of where the Masonic Temple block now stands and close to the
Santa Fe railroad line. The building cost about $2,300. Of this amount
the Independent Order of Good Templars and the Ancient Order of United
Workmen furnished $700, and owned the upper story, which they fitted up
for their Lodge meetings. The lower story was the Library part, and was
opened to the public by Mrs. Merritt on February 26, 1884, with 329 vol-
umes in place, besides magazines and newspapers on the reading-room
tables. The rooms were to be open daily except Sunday, from 10 to 12,
from 2 to 5, and from 7 to 9. From the opening day until August i there
had been 1,835 drawings of volumes, entirely free. But it was found
necessary to provide some source of income for necessary current expenses,
and after August i, 1884, a fee of twenty-five cents per month was charged
for loan of books, although the reading room remained free to all ; and
under this rule, up to February i, 1885, there had been 2,036 drawings of
books, and $124.03 received as Library fees.

THE LIBRARY CITRUS PAIR.

The next notable incident in the Library's history was the great Citrus
Fair held in the Roller Skating Rink (a large frame building which then
stood on the northwest corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Dayton street), on
March 3, 4, 5 and 6, 1885. The special committee to work up and manage
this undertaking, the most extensive of anything yet attempted, was T. P.
Lukens, Dr. O. H. Conger and H. N. Rust. To advertise this Fair, and
advertise Pasadena at the same time, Mr. Rust and others got out a pamphlet
of 96 pages [2,000 copies of it], receiving enough advertisements from
business firms in Pasadena and Los Angeles to pay the cost of printing it.
Seventeen pages of this first " boom " pamphlet were devoted to a catalogue
of the Library, the first ever printed. The Fair proved a great success and
turned $531 into the Library treasury. [For some additional particulars, see
article entitled " Second Great Citrus Fair," in chapter 16].

In the spring of 1886, when the "'boom" tide was flushing its phe-

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 205

nomenal rise, the School Trustees subdivided their central five acres into
city lots and sold them at auction. [For particulars of this event see chapter
9]. The Ivibrary lot had 17 years of its leasehold yet to run,* and hence
the society was allowed to bid it in for $170 — and within a year thereafter
they sold it for $10,000, not including the building, it being removed to a
small lot on Dayton street for which they paid $1,496 cash. And this year
the first classified catalogue of the I^ibrary was issued.

From the annual report of the Library trustees, made in December of
this year, I quote here a few points :

"Taking charge of its affairs in January 1886, we tound the Library
out of debt but with only $23.30 in the treasury, and no assured income
from any source. A series of entertainments was at once inaugurated, with
the following results :

In January [1886] a parlor theatrical given by Dr. W. F.

Channing and family yielded net to the library $ 65 00

In February, Mrs. S. E. Merritt's concert at Williams Hall 160 00
In March, the net receipts from the floral and citrus fair in

Williams' Hall were 477 05

Total $702 05

The funds thus obtained, together with the monthly dues from sub-
scribers, have paid the monthly expenses ever since, besides enabling us to
add by purchase over 300 volumes to our collection of books. We have now
on our shelves about 1,700 volumes, and their use is steadily increasing
with their number.

About six months ago, by the aid of both of our enterprising local news-
papers, we asked for offers of lots for future use of the library. Four excel-
lent offers were made to us — all without price. They were as follows :

1 . From Messrs. Painter & Thomas, a lot on the corner of Fair Oaks
Avenue and the new extension of the same. We deemed this too far from
the center of the town, [junction of Fair Oaks and Lincoln Avenue].

2. From Dr. E. S. Carr, a lot on the east side of Pasadena Avenue
north of Colorado street. This also we feared would be liable to the same
objection.

3. From E. C. Webster, of the free privilege of building above the
one-story walls he proposed erecting on two lots [50x100 feet], on the south
side of Colorado street, opposite the Exchange Block [Carlton hotel].

4. Offer made by Charles Legge, who after frequent consultations with
our Committee in charge of this matter, has executed in favor of our Society
a heavy bond for the conveyance to it, on or before January i, 1888, of that
centrally located and spacious lot fronting 100 feet on the east side of the
new Raymond Avenue by 150 feet on the south line of Walnut street ; pro-
vided, that meantime our Society shall have erected thereon, and paid for,
without incurring any debt, a brick or stone building, to cost not less than
$25,000 ; and that the property shall not be alienated, or incumbered, or
used for other than library purposes during the life of the grantor.

* When the railroad was built it took a strip 15 feet wide by 306 feet long off from this lot and never
paid a cent for it. The whole right-of-way through the city was donated, the people were so anxious to
■ get their first railroad.

2o6 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

At the annual meeting of the I^ibrary Association, June 13, 1888, there
were 16 10 shares represented, out of a total of 1990 shares of stock that had
been issued. The officers then elected were C. T. Hopkins, president ;
Abbot Kinney, vice-president ; Mrs. S. E. Merritt, secretary and librarian ;
ly. C. Winston, assistant secretary; Otto Froelich, treasurer; H. N. Rust,
Dr. W. F. Channing, Charles M. Parker, and Chas. lyCgge, additional
directors. Enoch Knight, attorney. President Hopkins in his annual re-
port said : ' ' We had made all arrangements for the external completion of
the building during the past year at a total cost of $17,604, leaving the in-
terior finish and painting to be provided for hereafter. * * But
the contractor for the brick and stone work failed after completing half the
walls." This failure caused much embarrassment and delay, for this con-
tract was to have been completed by October 31, 1887, and now they had
to enforce continuance of the work by the bondsmen for the contractor,
the Tehachipi Building Stone Co. of lyos Angeles ; but the delays and
troubles with other contracts caused by this delinquent one proved dis-
astrous,

A later report, in 1888, says the lot was valued at $16,000 ; and that in
default of the conditions being fulfilled by the Eibrary society, the property
should revert to the grantor or his representatives. And after reciting
these conditions of the grant as made and accepted in 1886, this 1888 re-
port further says :

* ' Plans were then obtained and contracts let for the construction of a
beautiful stone edifice in the Romanesque style.* The internal finishing
was not contracted for, the entire available resources of the Society being
exhausted in paying for the walls and roof, which as the building now
stands, have cost $20,000. This cost has been defrayed out of the proceeds
of the two lots owned successively by the Society, and by individual sub-
scriptions. The hard times following the reaction from our late "boom "
made it utterly impossible to obtain further contributions from the residents
of Pasadena, and Mr. Legge has kindly extended the time for another year,
ending December 31, 1889. About $5,000 is required to finish the building
— in default whereof it will become the property of Mr. Eegge, should he
see fit to assert his rights, and the Society will then be stripped of all its
property except the books upon its shelves."

The Eibrary managers, by counting on ' ' boom ' ' pledges that had been
given for their building fund, represented that $6,000 would finish the
building and pay up all outstanding obligations, and secure the whole
property, worth $36,000, as a permanent Public Library belonging to the
whole community. And upon this assurance and belief a few public
spirited citizens came to the rescue by raising the money on their joint note,
which I here give as a notable historic document :

♦The green stone and the buff stone in this building are from quarries only half a mile apart in the
Tehachipi mountains ; while the marble pillars are from the quarry at Colton.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 207

$6,000. Pasadena, Cai,., Oct. 31, 1888.

Two years after date, without grace, for value received, we, or either ot
us promise to pay to the order of "The Pasadena Public Library and Village
Improvement Society," at the First National Bank of Pasadena, the sum of
Six Thousand Dollars — with interest at the rate of ten (10) per cent, per
annum. Interest payable semi-annually.

W. Aug. Ray, J. Banbury. R. Williams,

James Smith, Wm. T. Clapp, J. B. Corson,

M. Rosenbaum, Joseph Wallace, C E. Langford,

J. M. Radebaugh, B. Talmadge, H. H. Markham,

Thos. F. Croft, J. B. Young, C. H. Rhodes,

S. Washburn, O. S. Richer, T. P. Lukens,

W. T. Vore, CM. Skillen.

This syndicate appointed Col. W. A. Ray, who was then President of
the San Gabriel Valley Bank, as its Trustee, with J. B. Corson, J. B. Young
and Thos. F. Croft, as an Advisory Committee; and the next day, Novem-
ber I , the Library Society deeded their property on Dayton street in trust to
the makers of the note. Its managers then went on with their building
work and other matters until the $6,000 was all used up — and now, instead
of having the building completed and all clear of incumbrance, they were
still about $3,000 behind yet, and debts still accumulating, because so many
of the boom-time pledges to their building fund utterly failed to be paid,
besides increased cost of building and other matters.

To aid the struggling Society in raising funds. Miss Anna Richer and
a few others worked up an Art Loan Exhibition, to be held for ten days in
the unfinished new Library building. This was the most ambitious and
elaborate Art Loan show that had yet been attempted on the Pacific coast ;
and having been in some sort repeated yearly ever since, it became an his-
toric event which has won fame to Pasadena in literary and art circles both
East and West, through illustrated periodicals and descriptive pens, and
therefore calls for some account here. The Exhibition commenced February
9, 1889,* with the following daily order of events as announced :

' ' Senor Arturo Bandini will daily conduct a Spanish conversazione upon
suggested subjects of interest to strangers."

1. Opening Day. — W. U. Masters, master of ceremonies. Formal
opening of the Exhibition, by Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb.

2. Forestry Day.-— Under the patronage of Mrs. Eliza A. Otis of the
Los Angeles Times. Mrs. Jessie Benton Fremont, special guest of the Asso-
ciation on this day ; and an address by Hon. Abbot Kinney, State Forestry
Commissioner.

3. Children's Day.

4. Russian Day.^ — With exhibits from Alaska by T. P. Lukens, Capt.

* On Jan. 8, 1889, occured the sixth annual election of the Library Society, and out of a total ot 1763
shares, 1303 were voted. The trustees than elected were H. N. Rust, L. C Winston, Dr. W. F. Channing,
S. Washburn, Prof C. F. Holder, J. W. Vandevort, B. M. Wotkyns. And the officers chosen by this
board were Rust, President ; Channing, Vice-President ; Otto Froelich, Secretary and Treasurer ; Mrs.
Merritt, Librarian. So these were the people put forward to wrestle with the "busted boom " of the un-
finished new Library building.

2o8 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Chittenden and Mrs. Belle M. Jewett, and Russian tea served by Mrs. Jewett
in genuine Russian costume.

5. Mexican Day. —With reception to Don Antonio F. Coronel of Los
Angeles, and exhibit of his rare collection of Mexican relics.*

6. Spanish Day. — With reception to Senator Del Valle, and an ex-
hibit of relics from his hacienda of Camulos, the reputed home of "Ramona. "

7. Oriental Day.

8. California Day. — Mrs. Margaret Wilson, widow of Hon. B. D.
Wilson, former owner of the Rancho San Pasqual, will pour tea ; and Mrs.
J. De Barth Shorb, his daughter, loans a chair carved from wood of the
old San Gabriel Mission.

9. Chinese Day, or "P'east of lyilies." — The Chinese candle-maker
will give a receipted bill in his own language.

10. Carnival Day, or "Feast of Ivanterns." — Pageant conducted by
C. M. Stetson, the portrait painter, and Mr. Benchley of L,os Angeles.

There were many other special exhibits, and persons engaged ; but the
above includes all that were of such distinctive historic quality as to call
for record here. The ten days' proceedings showed a vast resource of in-
genuity, enterprise, skill, working energy and steadfastness on the part of
the lady managers and their assistants ; yet the incidental expenses of so
large and varied and picturesque an undertaking ate up the proceeds and
left nothing for the Library fund. Therefore, on the last day, February 18,
1889, C. T. Hopkins, who had been president of the Library Association
when this new building was undertaken, and had himself given liberally
toward it,t made a strong appeal for aid in a public address, preceded by a
talk from Prof. Pickering of Harvard University. After setting forth
briefly the previous history, present condition and prospective outlook for
the Library interest, Mr. Hopkins said :

"Pasadena has put $36,000 into this beautiful building, as its highest
expression of reverence for literature and art. Times are very hard with us,
and we can do no more. For want of $5,000 we stand in jeopardy of
losing the whole. Can there not now be found among you one liberal soul
who can and will advance that $5,000, and so save to the institution the
$36,000 now at stake ? If not one such, cannot two be found who will con-
tribute $2,500 each, or five of $1,000 each, or ten of $500 each ?"

The ' ' liberal souls ' ' called for by President Hopkins failed to show up ;
and court judgments, mechanic's lien attachments, delinquent taxes, pro-
fessional fees, etc. , continued to accumulate against the new building until
it was finally sold at sheriff's sale, and Mr. Legge had to buy it in to save
himself. The whole property was now lawfully his own ; nevertheless, he
was still willing to donate the land for Public Library purposes, in accord-

*This Don Antonio was the man who made the unsuccessful effort to carry to the city of Mexico a
flag captured from the American troops in their disastrous defeat at the battle of Domiuguez ranch, San
Pedro, Oct. 8, 1846. He was the special friend and helper of Mrs. H. H. Jackson in gathering material
for her famous story of " Ramona."

tMr. Hopkins gave $1,000 in money, and 300 books.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 209

ance v/ith his original agreement ; and with this understanding Mr. J. B.
Corson set about to see if the city would not buy it, and support the Library
as a public institution. He consulted several lawyers about the matter, and
they said, under the very limited powers of a " city of the Sixth class," as
Pasadena was, there was no law or authority by which the city trustees
could appropriate funds for such a purpose. But W. E. Arthur took issue
with the older attorneys on this, and gave a written opinion that there was
law and authority for it. Frank J. Policy was then the city attorney, and
he concurred with Mr. Arthur's opinion. Upon this, Hon. A. G. Throop,
" Father Throop," who was then a member of the city board, said, " It is a
good thing, a right thing for the city to secure the Library property, and
make it a free public institution." Some other members, under adverse ad-
vice of other lawyers, were afraid it was not good law — and the times were
too hard, anyway — the city expenses were already burdensome — the
city's management of the library would become a political job — and various
other "lions in the way " loomed up through the fog. But "Father
Throop " championed the cause both in public and private until he had won
every member of the city board to his view. Thereupon they submitted to
public vote a proposition to issue $8,500 of city bonds to purchase the
Library property, finish the building, etc.; and this was carried by a large
majority on January 14, 1890.

Meanwhile, Col. Ray, as trustee for the syndicate, was buying up the
outstanding small debts of the old society ; and on January 23, 1890, his
attorney, W. E. Arthur, filed in court these assigned claims amounting in
the aggregate to $979.55. On March 26, 1890, J. B. Corson was made
trustee of the syndicate in place of Col. Ray, who was removing back
east ; in fact, Mr. Corson had done most of the work, anyway, toward get-
ting things into shape to save the Library from being broken up, scattered,
and wiped out entirely by bankruptcy.* April 4, 1890, the Library Society,
by W. F. Channing as acting president, and L. C. Winston as secretary,
made to Mr. Corson as trustee of the syndicate a quitclaim deed of all the
Library Society's property on Dayton street — consideration, $1. Also a
friendly suit was entered in the Superior court, with Arthur as attorney
for the Syndicate trustee, and M. C. Hester attorney for the Library So-
ciety ; and on August 3, 1890, the latter allowed the case to go by default,
so that the title of the Library, lot, books, fixtures, etc., on Dayton street
was by decree of court vested in J. B. Corson as trustee. All this was to
enable him to convey the books, etc., to the city, and to sell the lot for bene-
fit of the makers of that $6,000 note. They paid Mr. Legge the costs
which he had necessarily incurred in redeeming the new building at sheriflPs
sale, and he engaged to convey it to the city as soon as the building should

*March 16, 1888, the Library property was sold to the state for delinquent taxes amounting to
5.32 But it was redeemed by the Society on October 26 of the same year at a cost of $65.68.

H

2IO HISTORY OF PASADENA.

be completed without incumbrance, in accordance with his original offer to
the now defunct lyibrary Society.

On December ii, 1889, a special committee consisting of city trustees A.
G. Throop, and W. W. Mills, and city attorney F. J. Polley, reported to "the
council that they had invoiced the books, fixtures, etc., of the lyibrary
and valued them at $3,042. Then on April 19, 1890, the city council pur-
chased this property from the syndicate trustee, J. B. Corson, for $3,000,
payable in city bonds. The post of librarian now became a city office ; and
on April 21, Mrs. S. E. Merritt was duly appointed by city authority to the
same place she had filled ever since the library was started in 1883, and
which she holds yet, 1895.

The syndicate had paid out, besides the original $6,000, about $1,100
to meet outstanding liens, judgments, and other legal claims against the
lyibrary property, and about $1,000 of interest on their note — making a
total of $8,100. And in return they received $3,000 of bonds from the
city, and finally $950 for the old lyibrary lot on Dayton street* — a total of
$3,950; so that these twenty citizens had thus contributed $4,150 outright,
in their public spirited work to save and firmly establish the free Public
lyibrary.f Charles Legge also generously co-operated with them and is en-
titled to equal credit. The city clerk in February, 1894, reported the
Library property valued thus: lot and building, $25,000; books, maps,
documents, etc., $6,500; furniture, $300. Total, $31,800.

On April 29, 1890, the first board of City Library Trustees was appoint-
ed, consisting of J. W. Vandevort, C. T. Hopkins, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr,
W. U. Masters, Geo. F. Kernaghan. The new Library building was com-
pleted by the city, and fitted, furnished, and books moved into it, so that on
Admission day, September 9, 1890, its doors were first officially opened to
the people of the city, with speeches by Abbot Kinney, T. P. Lukens,
" Father Throop," and others.

The only historic episode in Library history during 1891, was on Octo-
ber 23, when the eastern members of the National Librarians Congress at
San Francisco visited Pasadena on their return trip. They had a special
train of five Pullman cars. The Daily Star oi October 23, gave a full list
of their names, places of residence, and official positions. The Board of
Trade and City Library officers gave them a ride through the city, a floral
reception in the Library building, and a banquet at Hotel Green.

The city clerk's annual report for the year ending February 28, 1894,
gives some statistics which will serve to show how the Library is managed
and its expenses met by the city. The library officers for 1894 were : S.

*C. E. Langford bought their interest ill the lot and building for $950 only a few weeks before his
death. The two secret Orders of A. O. U. W. and I. O. G. T. owned the second story of the building for
Lodge rooms.

tMarch 20, 1805, T. F. Croft, T. P. Lukens and J. B. Corsou met as a committee to make a final
closing up of the affairs of the library syndicate, and found a balance of $2.25 remaining for each one of
the original twenty signers of the $6,000 note which saved the library iu 188S.

DIVISION THREJK — BRAINS. 211

Washburn, president of board ; Geo. A. Gibbs, secretary ; C. M. Parker,
O. S. Picher, J. W. Vandevort, trustees. Mrs. S. E. Merritt, librarian,
Miss lyaura B. Packard, assistant librarian. The following table I take
bodily from the city clerk's report above referred to :

LIBRARY DEPARTMENT.

Salary of Librarian, $50.00 per month $600 00

Salary of Assistant Librarian, $25.00 per month 300 00

Salary of Janitor, $15.00 per month 180 00

Lighting 175 69

Fuel 103 00

New Books 1,208 67

Freight and drayage on books 18 33

Subscriptions to magazines and papers 159 10

Binding books and magazines 82 60

Printing lists and blanks 40 31

Stationery and postage 24 15

Brooms and brushes 2 20

Notary fees 50

Repairs on building, painting, etc 153 05 $ 3,047 60

The total amount of Library bonds issued in 1890, was $8,500, at 7 per
cent, interest. And at the date of the above report there were $6,800 of
these bonds still outstanding.

In August, 1894, the librarian made her annual report to the board of
trustees, and from it I glean a few points of historic interest for preservation.
She says :

' ' The support of the library is derived from a tax levy on all taxable
property within the city limits, the assessment being 5 cents on each $100,
two fifths of which goes to the library sinking fund and three-fifths to the
maintenance of the library. The apportionment to the library department
for 1893-94 was $2,736.92."

The total number of books then in the library was 7,044. The total
number of card-memberships for drawing out books was 2,781. The library
had been open to the public on 360 days during the year, and 43,982 books
had been drawn out by card, while 8,273 ^^'^ been drawn for use in the
library reading rooms. A charge of 50 cents per month or $1.25 per quarter,
in advance, is made for membership cards to persons residing outside the
city limits. During the year 90 books had been rebound, 12 discarded, and
207 repaired in the library workroom. Eighty-two periodicals were regu-
larly received ; and the total outlay for supplying the literature tables for
the year was $154.40. The fees from non-resident borrowers had amounted
to $43.75 ; and fines for keeping books out over time were $179.65.

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIONS.

President C. T. Hopkins of the Pasadena Library Association delivered
public address February 18, 1889, on the early history and pressing needs
[of the Library enterprise. And in this address he said :

" We have in private hands four large collections — in Mineralogy, Geo-
[logy, Conchology and Archaeology — ready to be placed on exhibition in

212 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

our museum as soon as it is finished. We have an Academy of Sciences
ready to arrange and utilize them."

The Academy of Sciences referred to was organized in January, 1886, at
the residence of Hon. Delos Arnold, on Kansas [now Green] street between
Fair Oaks and Raymond Avenues. Mr. Arnold was elected president of the
society. Other members were : Prof. C. F. Holder, Dr. Wm. F. Channing,
Dr. N. D. Van Slyck, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, Maj. H. N. Rust, Frank J.
PoUey, Esq., J. R. Greer, C. T. Hopkins, and others. The "museum"
mentioned by Mr. Hopkins was never provided for in the Library building.
The Academy of Sciences, however, has never disbanded, but holds a nomi-
nal existence yet, although in a state of quiescent dormancy. And the
' ' collections ' ' mentioned have become historic, giving prestige and fame to
Pasadena, as follows :

Mineralogy Collection. — This belongs to Hon. T. P. Lukens, and
comprises specimens of every sort of mineral that has any commercial value,
ever found in L,os Angeles County, besides others from all over California
and the other mineral bearing states of our own country, and many other
parts of the world. There are also specimens of fossil wood found in exca-
vations at Los Angeles city, and from other places ; and fossil fish and leaves
from our local " fossil hill," down the adobe road toward lyos Angeles. Mr.
Lukens had a complete catalogue of his collection made in June, 1895.

Geology Collection. — This was Dr. Ezra Carr's, which amounted to
some tons weight and had lain in their shipping boxes, unshelved, ever
since they were brought to Pasadena in 1880. In 1894 this valuable accum-
ulation of specimen fossils, minerals and rock types was donated to Throop
Polytechnic Institute.

CoNCHOLOGY Collection, — Hon. Delos Arnold has the largest and
finest accumulation of scientific material in this line of an}^ man in the State,
I suppose — and all systematically arranged and classified — a total of about
25,000 specimens. Among these are some 1,500 different living species or
varieties of moUusca, about 400 species of which are found on the Pacific
coast, and at least half of these occur in Los Angeles county. More varie-
ties are found at San Pedro Bay and vicinity than at any other one point
from Alaska to San Diego. Also about 300 species of fossil shells have been
found at San Pedro and Deadman's Island. In Mr. Arnold's collection as a
whole, there are specimens representative of every age in the geological
scale, from the lower Silurian up to the living present. And some 25 or 30
specimens from this Pasadena collection were illustrated in Vol. 8, of the
State Geological Reports of Illinois, published in July, 1890 — one of them
being Adinocrmus Arnoldii, which Mr. Arnold himself discovered in a quarry
near Marshalltown, Iowa ; it was named by the professional experts, and
pronounced the only specimen of its species known in the world. These
illustrations were borrowed and used in ' ' North American Geology and

DIVISION THREE — iBRAINS.

213

Paleontology," by S. A. Miller, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1889 — this work being
issued some months before the Illinois State Report was gotten through the
press. Mr. Arnold made generous donations from his collection to the
State Normal School at Chico ; to the Smithsonian Institution at Washing-
ton, D. C. ; to the Pasadena High School ; and to the Throop Polytechnic
Institute. In addition to his wonderful collection of shells and crinoids,
mostly the gatherings of his own hands, Mr. Arnold has made canes from
about' one hundred different kinds of rare woods, shrubs and plants that
grow in this semi-tropic clime, but not in the more northerly portions of our
country, and hence have a fascinating interest to our Eastern visitors, as well
as a scientific value in themselves.

ARCH.5ioi.OGY Collection. — Maj. H. N. Rust had what was deemed
the finest collection in this branch of science on the Pacific coast at the time
President Hopkins referred to it, as above quoted. In 1892 it was sold to
Frank G. I/Ogan of Chicago, and was exhibited in the great World's Fair
there in 1893. Mr. Logan afterward donated it to the Congregationalist
college at Beloit, Wisconsin, and it there abides.

Mrs. IvOwe's Collection. — Since the date when President Hopkins
alluded to the four collections then here, another one has been brought to
Pasadena which quite overtops them all in the comprehensive magnitude
and marvelry of its completeness both as to number and quality of the
specimens, nine-tenths of them being the choicest of their kind. It com-
prises thirty-one distinct and different collections, made by Mrs. L,eontine
Augustine Lowe herself (wife of Prof. T. S. C. Lowe) during the past forty
years — and she is still adding to it. The collection of curios alone has cost
$150,000, and comprises some of the rarest old paintings, old laces, tap-
estries and costumes — relics of rank and royalty ; carvings, sculptures.

RESIDENCE OF PROF. T. S. C. LOWE.

There are basement rooms under the entire building, and all occupied by Mrs.
Lowe's unique collection.

214 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

coins, mosaics, and other relics of classic antiquity. In the department of
Mineralogy alone there are 80,000 specimens, comprising every known
metal or its ores, and every species of precious stones, both cut and uncut ;
every species of marble, onyx, agate, alabaster, etc., etc. Rare old books —
some made by hand about A.D. 1430, before the art of printing was in vogue,
and others along up the far-away centuries. In Ceramics there are rare vases
and table ware of ancient royalty ; Venetian porcelains of most exquisite
quality and in great variety ; a set of table ware used by George Washing-
ton while he was President ; etc. In fact, all branches of natural science,
all phases of artistic skill, and all zones of the earth are liberally repre-
sented in this unique collection, which is estimated to contain over 300,000
specimens. Of Indian baskets alone there are 547, and no two alike. In
the field of Kthnology the exhibits are most extensive, comprehensive, ver-
satile and instructive. Mrs. lyOwe had a passion for making collections,
from her early childhood ; and this great Museum represents her life-work
and life-play, besides raising a family of seven girls and three boys — all
still living, and all vigorous, healthy and bright people. The collection is
to be placed in a fire- proof building erected purposely ^or it on Echo Moun-
tain. In her search for rare specimens Mrs. Lowe has traveled around the
world. She enlisted the co-operation of scientists, travelers, mine-managers,
art collectors, antiquarians, curio dealers, high officials in different countries,
missionaries, etc., thus levying tribute on all lands. Her collection is said to
be the largest one now in private hands in the United States, and is without
doubt the largest one ever made by a woman in the world — hence its prom-
inence as a living incident in Pasadena history.

NEWSPAPERS.

The Pasadena Chronicle. — During the spring of 1883 it began to
be talked that Pasadena ought to have a newspaper of her own. Most of
the talkers, however, thought the place was not big enough yet, and were
not willing to put money into such a dubious enterprise. In July a printer
named C. M. Daley offered to start a paper here if some of the citizens
would lend him their credit so he could get his type-setting and press-work
done at the Los Angeles Times office.* Ben E. Ward was the only Pasa-
dena man who had faith and grit enough to make the venture, and he be-
came Daley's surety for the printing contract. So, on August 8, 1883, the
first number of the Pasadena Chrojiicle came forth, and was the first printed
newspaper for the place. It went in Daley's name, but Ben E.Ward, assisted
by his brothers Frank and Walter, did the editing and the Pasadena
business for it, and at the end of two months he had to pay the printing
bills himself. Daley was no help in the matter at all, and Ben then took

* Mr. H. C. O'Bleness set the type and printed the Pasadena Chronicle from its first number until
February, 18S4, when types and press were first brought to Pasadena. The same man is now with the
Kiiigsley-Rarnes & Neuner Co., and was assistant foreman on the work of printing this History.

DIVISION THRKE — BRAINS. 215

full charge and ran it in his own name as editor, with Frank and Walter
Ward as associate editors.

In November, 1883, H. W. Magee and J. W. Wood bought the paper
and tried their 'prentice hand as editorial helmsmen. In January, 1884,
Magee sold his interest to J. E. Clarke ; and the only copy of the Chronicle
that I have been able to find, bore date " Thursday, January 24, 1884. Vol.
I, No. 24. J. E. Clarke and J. W. Wood, editors and proprietors." It
contained a report of a meeting of about forty persons, just held at the
Sierra Madre Villa hotel, to talk up a College project for Pasadena. It
mentioned that the Public Library was open only on Wednesdays and Sat-
urdays from 2 till 4:30 p. m.; Wm. Doyle, acting librarian. It gave only
four churches — the Methodist, then meeting in Williams Hall; the Presby-
terian, in their own house down on California street ; the Episcopal and
the Baptist societies met in Library Hall. It gave as a local item of note,
that on Monday, January 21, 1884, 517 letters were received at the Pasa-
dena postoffice, and two sacks of papers. Its printing was still done at Los
Angeles. But in February, a practical printer named E. N. Sullivan was
added to the firm ; a stock of type and a hand press were bought ; the
paper was enlarged to eight columns per page, it having had only six be-
fore ; and the name was changed to

Pasadena and Vai,ley Union. —The first issue was on Saturday
February 16, 1884, by the three-headed firm of Clarke, Wood & Sullivan.
And as an historic incident of this time, Mr. Wood writes me :

"J. W. Hugus kindly lent his assistance to put 'in case' the first
supply of type ever brought to Pasadena. He worked a week gratis, 'just
to get his hand in,' as he expressed it then, for he was an old printer."

Sullivan soon dropped out, leaving the firm as Clarke & Wood again.
Then on November 22, 1884, Mr. Clarke, on account of continued illness,
sold his interest to Mr. Wood and retired, and the plucky J. W. W. carried
it alone till about Christmas week, when he met with an accident by which
a leg was broken and his back severely injured, so that he had to give up
all business for the time. And on January 10, 1885, he sold the establish-
ment to Charles A. Gardner, an old experienced editor, who at once took
hold of the concern with vim and enterprise.

April 10, 1885, J. E. Clarke comes on deck again, having bought from
Gardner a half interest in the paper ; and from this date the firm was
Gardner & Clarke. In April, 1886, during Citrus Fair week, a small daily
called Union /?^;zzV7r was issued, and the Los Angeles Times oi April 15,
said :

"The latest addition to the family of Southern California journalism is
the Pasadena Union Junior. The "Gem's" little, but a lively daily.
Mother and child are doing well, and " the old man " — Br'er Gardner — is
likely to pull through,"

2l6 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

This was the first daily ever published in Pasadena ; * but after Fair
week the Union Junior dropped down to a semi-weekly instead of a daily
issue.

June 25, 1886, a practical printer named Athel B. Bennett became a
partner, and the paper once more had a three-headed firm to devour its
revenues. On August 6, they issued a great commercial and industrial
edition of eight pages — a sort of "boom " sheet.

September i, 1886, J. E. Clarke bought Gardner out, so the firm was
now Clarke & Bennett. They suspended the Unio7i Junior, but on Sep-
tember 26 they enlarged the weekly, making it nine columns instead of
eight to the page. Bennett soon retired, and Clarke became sole proprietor.

The next move was to form a stock company, which was accomplished,
and the "Union Publishing Co." was incorporated June 16, 1887, the in-
corporators being P. M. Green, J. E. Clarke, J. E. Howard, R. M. Furlong,
W. U. Masters, J. W. Wood, and Bayard T. Smith. The business flourished
and went on well until the real estate boom collapsed ; then every kind of
business fell into a sort of sickly decline. Clarke and Howard sold their
stock to Dr. John McCoy ; and in April, 1887, he became its editor. Its
decline was now more rapid, and bankruptcy both in business and prestige
soon followed. The Publishing Company made assignment to J. W. Wood,
who became manager and editor. f Mr. Wood is a man of grit and pluck;
and he held his grip and kept the paper going for nearly a year longer, in spite
of very embarrassing adverse conditions. The owners of the plant were
now J. W. Wood, W. U. Masters and R. M. Furlong, the two latter being
leading democrats, while Mr. Wood, the editor, was a republican. The
Union's business and good will were finally sold August 31, 1888, to the
Daily Star ; but the plant, which was leased to the v^eekXy Joiir?ial during
its short struggle for existence without survival as the fittest, was at last
sold off" in detached lots as opportunity ofi"ered. And Mr. Wood writes
pathetically : ' ' The poor Union died of too much ' management ; ' but it
was on an expense-paying basis when I sold it to the Star.''

The Pasadena Star. — This paper was first issued on Wednesdaj^ Feb-
ruary 9, 1887, as a weekly, 8-column folio, edited and published by H. J. Vail.
Mr. Vail had formerly published a paper called the Star a.t New Sharon, Iowa,
and thus brought the name here. On August 1 8 of the same year it was en-
larged to g-column folio. Next, in October it was changed to octavo form, and
has retained that form ever since. The paper was professedly Republican in
politics, but it was also pro-liquor, — for the editor in a lengthy editorial

*" The Pasadena S/ar says it was the first daily of Pasadena. Not so : The Union was the first, as
the writer hereof has painful occasion to remember, having been ass enough to start it himself." — Easi
Los Angeles Exponent (Chas. A. Gardner then itseditori. — Seplemher /V, iSSg.

" Correct ; and the writer hereof did .some pencil pushing for that first Daily Union, but kept at
a safe distance from the heels of the ' ass !" — Pasadena Standard, September zi, iSS^.

tj. W. Wood, the druggist, is now editor of the Daily Union. Don't know if there is fire enough
in that Wood to give more light than the evening Star. — Pasadena Standard, February 2, i88<).

DIVISION Three — BRAINS. 217

condemned and opposed the unanimous decision of the United States
Supreme Court that the brewers and distillers of Kansas were riot entitled
to payment for their liquor factories, etc., by the State when it enacted pro-
hibition. The entire eight judges of the highest court in our country con-
curred on this point, December 5, 1887 ; but the Pasaderia Star's editor said
they were all wrong {Daily Star, December 17, 1887), and boasted that he
had maintained the same brewery ' ' compensation ' ' doctrine while he was
an editor in Iowa. This "compensation" theory was the doctrine of
almost the entire democratic party and press, as well as of all the liquor
organizations in the country, the latter having spent over $50,000 in their
great contest against the State of Kansas on this issue. [So much of ex-
planation was necessary, to show what sort of a Republican paper the Star
was, under its first administration, and to throw an important sidelight on
sundry matters of evil import in Pasadena's history, up to April 7, 1890].

The Star was first issued as a daily paper on Wednesday, February 9,
1887, in 7-column folio form. On Saturday, June 25, same year, it was en-
larged to a 9-column folio. Then on Monday, November 7, it was changed
to 7-column octavo form — and has retained that form ever since, though
eventually reduced to a 6-column page.

August 3, 1889, the Star purchased the business and good will of the
Union ; and on the next Monday, September 2, the paper carried the double
head of Daily Star and Daily Unio?i — this being necessary to make valid
the completion of some advertising contracts belonging to the Union. In
an editorial on the long struggle of both papers for bare existence, the Star
said :

' ' Both papers remained in the field ; both fought for existence ; each
preferred that the other should die. * * Thus the life-and-death
struggle continued until more than $25,000 had been lost in the newspaper
business in Pasadena."-^

Pasadena was always strongly republican in its political character, but
the Star was never a satisfactory representative of the better element of its
party ; and when financial embarrassments thickened around it they would
not come to its rescue without an entire change of administration — it must
sell out to better men, or go down. And that is how it happened that the
paper appeared on Saturday, April 5, 1890, bearing at its head the old names,
H. J. Vail, editor ; W. L,. Vail, manager : then on the ensuing Monday bore
the names, "Star Publishing Co., Geo. F. Kernaghan, manager." The
new company was represented by Hon. P. M. Green, B. F. Ball, Geo. F.
Kernaghan, Prof. T. S. C. L,owe and T. P. Ivukens, as a board of directors,
Mr. Kernaghan being in charge of the property, under full warrant of power

*Among the books, papers and documents turned over to the Star office when the Union sold out
to it were the unbound files of the latter, after January, 18S7, rolled and tied in bundles. And when I
was trying to find these files for my history research I was told that they had been thrown into a heap
with old exchanges and sold off for waste paper— hence destroyed beyond recovery.

2l8 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

to oversee and direct the editorial conduct of the paper, as well as the
mechanical and business affairs connected with it. Messrs. Green, Ball and
Kernaghan were each signers of $ioo notes for the prohibitory Enforcement
Fund ; and Mr. Lukens had made a similar note for the original enactment
or "Indemnity Pledge" fund; hence, it will be seen, the conduct and
course of the paper would be very different, both in its general political
quality and in its local bearings.

On May 27, 1890, the Star first appeared with this formula at its head :
"Geo. F. Kernaghan, president and manager; J. S. Glasscock, secretary ;
First National Bank, treasurer."

On May 19, 1891, Charles A. Gardner* bought out Mr. Kernaghan 's
interest, and became manager and editor in his stead. Mr. Gardner then
gradually bought out the other shareholders until he became sole proprietor ;
and that was the situation on January i, 1895, when the business had been
worked up by diligent, patient and perservering effort through the years
of business depression to a good paying basis — and a great 16-page New
Year edition was issued in good heart.

Theodore Coleman became city editor of the Star in June, 1886, and
has held the place ever since. His natural aptitude for the work, and his
uniform courtesy and fairness as a reporter, ha^e given him a prestige and a
staying hold which few men can reach in that field.

The Pasadena Standard. — This paper was started in 1888, to sus-
tain Pasadena's anti-saloon ordinance and policy, for an account of which
see Chapter 13. The first number appeared on Saturday, December 22, 1888,
with Dr. H. A. Reid as principal editor, and H. N. Farey as business mana-
ger. The editorial salutatory was only two lines, thus: "Folks, we're
here ; and hereof you'll hear more herein and hereafter."

Heading the first column on its first page was the following original
poem :

"no saloon in the VALIvEY."

Rise, Pasadena ! march and drill

To this your bugle's rally —
"A church or school on every hill,

And NO SAr,ooN in the vai^ley."

Stand firm in rank, but do not boast

Too soon your victory's tally ;
You "hold the fort" for all the coast

For NO SAI^OON IN THE VAI^LEY.

The seige is on, the bombs aflight !

Let no true soldier dally :
For truth and right, for HOME we fight,

And NO SALOON IN THE VALLEY.

Then let your Standard, full unfurled

On every street and alley.
Pledge Pasadena round world

For NO SALOON IN THE VALLEY.

*Mr. Gardner was editor of the Anaheim Gazette in 1871-72 ; of the daily and weekly Napa Register,
1873 to 1875 ; of the Helena Star, 1875 to 1S84 ; of the Pasadena Union, 1885-86 ; of the Rural Cali/ornian,
Los Angeles, 1886 to 1888.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 219

The paper was issued in six-column quarto form five weeks, and then
for want of financial support was suspended ; but every dollar of its indebt-
edness was paid. Next, after conference with friends of the cause, Dr.
Reid and wife decided to reduce the size, reduce its cost as much as possible,
and continue it themselves, purely as a missionary work. Accordingly, on
January 26, 1889, their first number was issued, in size of page that could
be printed on a job press — and the presswork was contributed by H. N.
Farey & Co., job printers, for more than a year, as their part in aid of the
good work. Mrs. Reid, although over sixty years old, did canvassing, col-
lecting, type-setting, folding, mailing — anything to help. Another woman
over sixty-six years old, who had never touched a type before, learned to
set type, and gave her time occasionally for several months to help get out
the paper. Two men who were carpenters by trade did the same thing.
Three different boys did the same thing. And six different practical
printers [type-setters], both men and women, sometimes lent a hand. The
Standard oi November 9, 1889, said :

"Last Saturday Mrs. Reid was absent, and four ladies came and helped
us about our mailing-day work — pasting, folding and wrapping The Stand-
ard. Three of them were past sixty years old — and 'the old lady' being
away, we 'young folks ' just had a picnic."

On August 24, 1889, in reply to a correspondent who wanted the paper
enlarged, the editor said :

"The suggestion is very clever, but is not practicable. Small as The
Sta7idard is, we are issuing every week a better paper than the income pays
for. In fact, we could not issue it at all but for the mechanical help which
has been donated more or less every week thus far since about February i."

An Anti-Saloon Republican city convention was held March 29, 1890,
to nominate candidates for the city ofl&ces. [For an account of this, see
Chapter 13.] Then arrangements were made to issue The Standard as a
daily during the campaign ; and the first number of its ' ' Daily Edition ' '
bears date April 3, 1890 ; and eight numbers were issued, or until Saturday,
April 12, the election occurring on Monday, the 14th. The paper was
finally suspended, its debts all paid, and its printing outfit offered for sale,
on May 3, 1890, being Vol. Ill, No. 19. Among his closing statements the
editor said :

"The recent change in the management and control of the Daily Star
makes the special work of The Standard no longer necessary. The new
City Trustees have given their pledge of honor not to permit any sort of
liquor saloon business within the city limits. The NEW Daily Star will
co-operate with them in this and every other good work that is right and
proper for the city's general welfare. * * We gladly retire to private
life again, feeling that OUR FLAG IS STILL THERE."

All-Saints Record. — In February, 1889, Rev. G. A. Ottman, rector
of All-Saints Episcopal church, started a monthly paper in three-column

220 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

octavo form, with above name. It was devoted entirely to the local inter-
ests of the Episcopal parish and denomination. Mr. Ottman resigned his
rectorship here and returned east in April, 1891 ; the paper was then sus-
pended five months, or until October, 1891, when its publication was
resumed by the new rector. Rev. Wyllys Hall, D. D., and has been con-
tinued regularly since. It is sustained by business men using it as an
advertising medium.

The Critic. — In February, 1888, J. M. Shawhan started a paper
under this name, devoted to " society gossip, criticism, literature, music, the
drama," etc. Shawhan was a drinking fellow, and in a few months his
paper became a special organ of the liquor interest in Pasadena, and then
rapidly declined. By December 8 it ceased to be a Pasadena publication,
but was dated at lyos Angeles. Then Shawhan couldn't pay his printing
bills, and gave it up to a firm who changed its name to Life, and continued
it a while. Mr. Shawhan had some dramatic talent, and went touring as a
member of a traveling theater company.

Weekly Pasadenian. — In October, 1885, Major J. D. Gilchrist,
brother-in-law to Gov. H. H. Markham, started a paper here; and the
Union of October 23, said :

"The Weekly Pasadenian made its appearance on Thursday, and we
now have a contemporary in very truth. Mr. Gilchrist, the editor and
publisher, extends to us the courtesies of the fraternity in a spirit of good
will. We are pleased to return the compliment, and shall aim to prove that
with its success the Union is not selfish."

I could not learn of any but the one number of this paper ever being
issued. It was printed at Los Angeles, where Major Gilchrist owned a
large printing establishment himself.

Daily and Weekly Bulletin. — In August, 1887, the Pasadena
Real Estate Exchange was organized with a purported capital stock
of $100,000, and opened its doors for business on September i, in
the Eldridge block in rooms fronting on Raymond Avenue. One
of its rules was, that all transactions ' ' shall be recorded, bulletined
and PUBLISHED, for the information of members." This of course
made necessity for a daily paper of some sort to be issued to its mem-
bers ; and accordingly the real estate Bulletin commenced its regular
issue on September 4, 1887. I found with Dr. Lyman Allen one copy of
the Daily and one of the Weekly Bulletin, preserved as historic relics of the
"boom" time. This copy of the Weekly is dated February 20, 1888, is
marked Vol. i, No. 25, and contains 64 pages of printed matter 2^x7^
inches in form. In it is a list of 142 Real Estate firms, 61 of which are only
one man, 47 have two members, and 34 have three or more members of the
firm or company. All but the first two pages are filled with classified list-

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 221

ings of lots for sale, each one being listed by number, and the highest num-
ber in this edition is 2,171. The copy of the Daily which I found is also
dated February 20, 1888, and is marked Vol. i. No. 128. It says, "Office
hours 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m." lyisting of property for the day closes at
2 p. m. Notice of change of price or of sale made closes at 4:30 p. m.
E. D. Hough was the Exchange '"manager," and editor of the Bulletin.
The Association had its own type and press there in the office, and these
were its principal assets when the "boom " bursted. The expenses of the
Exchange office, including the printing of the paper, were met by quarterly
dues from the members, and this number of the Daily contains an urgent
call for the members to "pay up" their quarterage which fell due in Jan-
uary. The boom was already feeling a little sick.

The White Ribbon. — The Pasadeiia Standard of February 2, 1889,
contained the following item :

" The White Ribbon is the name of a new paper just issued by the
State Womans Christian Temperance Union, from the press of H. N. Farey
& Co. Mrs. M. C. Lord edits it. The new paper is our little twin sister,
being the same size of page as the "little" Standard. It goes to every
member of the W. C. T. U. in South California, and 3,000 copies were
printed. It is monthly, and it is sprightly, at 25 cents a year."

The "Ribbon" was continued till 1894 with the same editor and
printers ; then it was removed to lyos Angeles and edited and printed there.

The Pasadena Weekly Journal made its first issue on October 5,
1889. By the suspension of the Daily Unio?i, and other newspaper failures,
a number of Pasadena printers found themselves out of work — stranded on
the desert beach of a "busted boom," with no bread-and-butter croppage in
sight ; to meet this emergency, three of them, C. W. Jackson, F. S. Hearn
and W. H. Korstian, leased the material of the defunct Union and started
the Journal, hoping that, as they would do the work themseves it would
yield them at least a living. It was a neat paper, 7 columns to the page,
devoted to general news and the local interests of Pasadena. They issued
23 numbers, the last one bearing date of March 8, 1890. And the Pasade?ia
Standard of March 15, said :

"The Pasadena Journal suspended publication last Saturday. The
young men who started it made a good paper ; but the field was too full
already. They held on remarkably well, as it was, and retired with honor
and respect to their good intentions."

The Crown Vista. — Sometime in 1888 H. E. Lawrence started a
paper at the village of Sierra Madre, called The Vista. But about Novem-
ber I, 1891, he moved his printing^ffice to Pasadena, and on November 14
issued the first number of the Crown Vista ^ in pasted journal form, i2x 18
inch page. It gave much attention to local matters of Sierra Madre and
Eamanda Park, as well as Pasadena ; and varied in size — being 8, 10 or 12

222 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

pages, as occasion required. Suspended about May i, 1895, for want of
support. Then the office was sold to Ralph W. Strong of Monrovia (form-
erly Chicago) who revived the paper, making his first issue of it on May
25, 1895. June 22, 1895, he changed the name to Cjirreyit Topics.

Raymond Chit-Chat. — This paper seems to have been started in
1893, or perhaps earlier — but no particulars were furnished me. The Daily
Star oi December 30, 1894, said :

"The first number for the season of Chit-Chat, the Raymond hotel
organ, is to appear next Sunday morning under Mr. Cooper's editorial
management. The little paper was a decided success last year."

The Mount L,owe Echo. — On March 11, 1894, was issued the first
number of the Daily Mount Lowe Echo, with Prof. G. Wharton James as
editor. Its opening announcement said :

" Let the birth-bells ring ! Another child is born to the family of
California newspapers. As its name implies, the Mount Lowe Echo will
be an echo of the doings on and about Mount L,owe."

Its form is that of a wide 2-column folio, printed on heavy, calendered
book paper, in highest style of job printing art, and illustrated about twice
a week with full page and first-class photogravure plates. It is devoted to
the interests of the Echo Mountain and Mount Lowe region, with all its
connected enterprises, and people who visit or sojourn there. On March 17,
the first weekly edition was issued. Subscription price, $2.50 per year ; and
on sale at news stands at 10 cents per copy. The Mount Lowe R. R. Co.
has a complete printing office of its own in the Rubio pavilion, with
presses run by water power, and its printing is all done here. [See Chapter
23.] On April 27, 1895, the Echo suspended publication till January i,
1896, when the tourist season should be open again.

The Daily Evening News. — Early in October, 1894, W. S. Gilmore,
who had served long as the Pasadena local reporter of the Los Angeles
Times, conceived the project of starting a new daily paper in Pasadena.
His scheme matured rapidly, so that the "News Publishing Company"
was incorporated October 12, by W. S. Gilmore, W. C. Stuart, Isabel Bates
Winslow, C. Ornbaum, L- P. Hansen, J. W. Wood. The first board of
directors consisted of Gilmore, Stuart, Hansen, Wood, and F. C. Bolt, and
its officers were — Gilmore, president ; Stuart, vice-president ; Mrs. I. B.
Winslow, secretary ; San Gabriel Valley Bank, treasurer. The amount of
capital was $15,000. A complete newspaper and job printing outfit was
purchased ; the entire first floor of the Hopkins block, formerly occupied
by city officers, corner Fair Oaks avenue and Union street, was leased ; and
the Pasadena Daily Evening News, 7-column quarto form, made its first
issue on November i, 1894. In politics, Republican. Number of em-
ployes, twelve. The day before Christmas it was issued as a special

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 223

"charity edition," edited by thirty-four of Pasadena's well known citizens
and literary people, and resulted in furnishing $107.95 ^o the Charity
Organization Society funds, as special income from this day's edition.

The New Education. — This paper was first issued December i, 1894.
It is an 8-page folio, published monthly in the interest of the Williams
Business College ; and edited by Prof. J. T. Williams, the founder and
managing principal of this institution.

PASADENA'S I,ITERARY PEOPLE.

Hon. Delos Arnold : public addresses, published articles, etc., on
Paleontology and kindred sciences. Has himself collected and classified
more original specimens than any other man in Southern California.

lyYMAN Allen, M. D. : Author of " Political Problems " — 1892 ; and
other writings on national economics.

ArTuro Bandini : Magazine articles ; stories of the chase, etc.

Mrs. Helen Elliott Bandini : Local correspondence ; stories, poems ;
varied contributions to periodical literature.

Dr. Kate Shepardson Black : Topical papers ; public addresses ;
current literature.

Norman W. Camp, D. D. : Author of "Ritual Hand-Book of Praise
and Prayer." Washington, D. C, 1884.

Ezra S. Carr, M.D., lyL,. D.: Agricultural economics; geology;
public lectures. Educational science ; large volume history of the Grange
movement. Author of works on "Child Culture," " Genesis of Crime,"
" Claims and Conditions of Industrial Education," etc. [Died 1894].

Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr: Letters; reminiscences; botany; horticul-
ture ; historical writings ; varied contributions to published volumes and to
periodical literature.

Wm. F. Channing, M. D. : Author of "Manual of Magnetism,"
1847; "Medical Application of Electricity," 1849; original patentee of
Fire Alarm Telegraph ; also of Inter- Oceanic Ship Railway ; assistant
geologist in U. S. survey of Lake Superior mineral lands; member of ad-
visory council World's Congress of Electricians ; contributor to leading
magazines and scientific journals.

Mrs. Lou V. Chapin : Author of History for Children ; long time
editress of the Chicago Graphic ; magazine writer ; etc.

Mrs. Julia Clarke Chase: Author of "Driftwood," a volume of
poems published at Milwaukee, Wis., 1878. Was a frequent contributor to
leading journals and magazines. She and her sister, Medora Clarke, were
at one time famed in the middle west as " the poet sisters." She is pre-
paring another volume of her poems for publication in 1896 — and this will
be a Pasadena production.

James G. Clarke : Author of many popular poems and songs ; music
composer ; magazine writer ; editor.

Mrs. C. D. Daggett : Short stories ; sketches ; dramatic pieces ; etc.

Judge B. S. Eaton : Magazine literature ; reminiscences ; local pioneer
history. [Judge Eaton wrote many narratives of local history for this
volume].

224 HISTORY OF PASADENA,

Rev. Eli Fay, D. D. : Contributor to the North American Review,
and others of the most scholarly eastern periodicals. Author of " Reason
in Religion" — 1895.

Chas. a. Gardner : Humorous poetry ; magazine literature ; editor.

Mrs. Margaret Collier Graham ; Stories and periodical literature.
" Stories of the Foothills," a volume published by Houghton, Miflin & Co.,
N. Y., 1894. Stories mostly located in Southern California. A writer for
the Overland Monthly, Scribner's Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, etc.

Mrs. Elizabeth Grinnell : Poems ; periodical literature ; author of
" How John and I Brought up the Child;" — a $400 prize story published by
the American Sunday School Union in 1894.

Charles Frederick Holder, LE- D.: author of numerous vol-
umes in science, and a prolific contributor to literary and scientific journals,
and the newspaper press. Author of "The Ivory King," "Marvels of
Animal Life," and " Living Eights," all published by Scribner's Sons, New
York and Eondon. "Along the Florida Reef," D. Appleton & Co., New
York. "Elements of Zoology:" American Book Co., New York. "A
Strange Company :" D. Eathrop & Co., Boston. "Pasadena and Vicinity:"
Eee &Shepard, Boston. " Eife of Darwin," " Eife of Agassiz," Putnam's
Sons, New York. " A Frozen Dragon."

Caspar T. Hopkins, A. M.: author of "Manual of American Ideas,"
— San Francisco, 1872 — a text book on civil government which went
through eight editions ; and he was negotiating with a Boston publishing
house for its re-issue when his death occurred, in 1893. He was for many
years a contributor to the Overland Monthly, and other Pacific Coast period-
icals, chiefly on economic questions.

G. Wharton James, F. R. A. S., etc.: Author of "Tourists' Guide
Book to South California," 1895: and other works. Also, lectures on
Astronomy, and other topics ; and the extensive and profusely illustrated
Mount Eowe literature. Editor of the Mount Lowe Echo.

President C. H. Keyes, of Throop Polytechnic Institute : Educa-
tional Science ; public lectures and addresses ; contributor to educational
journals.

Abbot Kinney: Author of "Protection vs. Free Trade" — 1884.
Forestry reports ; travels ; essays ; public addresses ; magazine articles.

Rev. Solon Eauer : Author of "Eife and Eight from Above :" Eee
& Shepard, Boston — 1895. And other works.

Elias Eongley : Author of "American Manual of Phonography,"
and nine other works or text books on Phonography, Typewriting, etc. He
was the pioneer of phonography and phonotopy in America, commencing
his publications in this field of art at Cincinnati, O., in 1849.

Mrs. M. V. Eongley : Author of standard text books on Type-
writing ; public lectures on Woman Suffrage ; etc.

Mrs. Mary Case Eord : Author of published work on "Bible
Wines," and other writings ; editor "Southern California White Ribbon."

W. U. Masters : contributor to periodicals ; topical addresses ; public
lectures.

Prof. A. J. McClatchie, A. M.: Author of "A Guide in the Study
of Plants " — 1893 ; contributor to scientific periodicals on Botany, Biology,
and kindred topics. [See chapter on Botany in this volume.]

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 225

Chester Gore Miller : Author of a book entitled " Father Junipero
Serra," a dramatic poem ; and other poems. 1894.

Miss Anna Picher : Author of Pasadena Art lyoan Souvenir pamph-
lets, in successive years from 1889 to 1895.

Prof. Frank J. Polley : Antiquarian researches ; early history of
California ; topical papers, reports, public lectures, etc.

H. A. Reid, a. M., M. D.: Author of "The Heart I^ace," Daven-
port, Iowa, 1856 — the first volume of poems ever printed in Iowa; also
" Harp of the West," same place, 1858. Author of History of the State
of Missouri, 1881 ; and History of Lafayette County and City of lycxing-
ton, Mo. Author of History of Johnson County and Iowa City, the first
state capital, and the State University town ot Iowa — 1883. History of
Montgomery County and city of Red Oak, Iowa, 1880. Author of "Cal-
endars of Creation," showing the steps and stages of creational progress on
four different lines of evolution — 1879. Contributions to "Review of
Science," Kansas City, Mo. Topical papers, public lectures, etc., on Evo-
lution and kindred topics.

Mrs. Rachel F. Reid, M.D. : Stories; poetry ; lectures to women
topical papers and addresses.*

Maj. Horatio N. Rust : Magazine articles ; antiquarian research
Indian lyife.

Gov. Lionel A. Sheldon : Magazine contributor ; civil economics
political questions ; etc.

Elias Smith, M. D.: Author of "Atlas of Surgical Operations,'
Peoria 111. — 1889. "Regional Anatomy for Beginners"; same date
Various anatomical and surgical charts for physicians. Invented and pub"
lished in 1889 a school mannikin that dissects into over thirty different
pieces, showing internal parts of the human body in their proportionate
size and proper place. In i860 he made some new discoveries in the polar
phenomena of electro-magnets, and invented electric batteries for use of
physicians.

Mrs. Grace Ellery Channing Stetson : Stories ; poems ; travels ;
magazine literature.

Mrs. Laura G. Stuntz : Some of her poems are printed in a volume
entitled " Poets of America," published in Chicago in 1891. Also in a
volume entitled "Woman in Sacred Song," edited by a Mrs. Smith of
Springfield, 111.

Mrs. Hannah E. Taylor : Poems ; dramatic pieces ; music.

Timothy B. Taylor, A. M., M. D: Author of "The Inebriate"—
Montpelier, Vt., 1865. "Old Theology Turned Upside Down or Right
Side Up, by a Methodist Minister, "— Fort Scott, Kansas, 1871 ; but pub-
lished now by the " Banner of Light Co.," Boston. "Text Book on
Psychology" — to be published in 1895-96. This latter is a Pasadena pro-
duction. Author of sundry pamphlets and other writings on religious and
science topics.

Judge A. J. Utley: Author of "Free Coinage," — 1893; and other
works on Economic questions.

*Mrs. Reid was one among the first twelve women ever graduated from medical colleges in the
United States ; and as an Army Nurse she was the first woman mustered into the service west of Wash-
ington, this being at St. Louis in September, 1861, when Gen. Fremont was in command there.

15

226

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Isaac N. Vail: Author of "The Earth's Aqueous Ring "; West-
town College, Pa.— 1874. "The Origin of Coal,"— 1884. "The Earth's
Annular System "—Cleveland, Ohio, 1885. "The Great Red Dragon,"—
1893. Editor " Vail's Annular World"; magazine, Eos Angeles, 1895.

Mrs. Elizabeth A. Vore : Stories ; poems ; treatises ; periodical
literature.

John W. Wood, Ph. G. : Author of prize report on Pharmacy ;
poetry ; periodical literature.

PASADENA architecture.

Pasadena is justly famed for the tasteful elegance, the high-art styles
and the picturesque diversity of types of its architecture, alike in public
buildings, in business blocks, and in private residences. There is no archi-
tectural rut of sameness or monotony to be found here. And this historic
fact and feature is largely due to Harry Ridgway, the first man who ever
opened an architect office and established the business as a regular profession
in Pasadena, which he did in 1878, and holds the field j^et — 1895. His

Allen Dodsworth.

. Louise T. Conger.

FOUR SIGHTLY HOMES.

idea was never to make two buildings exactly alike, but to utilize all the
styles known to architectural science, ancient, mediaeval and modern, in
new combinations of artistic beauty and perspicuous variety. He never
wanted any man to be able to point out any structure and say, " that's one of
Ridgway's designs — it shows the earmarks of his style.'" He rather sought
and achieved that ideal freedom from " style " called the artlessness of art.
And others coming later brought additional novelties. Hence there are
many original and diverse combinations of Venetians, Normans, Eastlakes,
Old Spanish, Old Plantation, Italian, French Mansards, English and Colo-
nial Dormers, Old English Queen Annes, Old English Elizabethans, multi-

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 227

gables of many styles ; villa combinations, haciendas, bays and towers
in great variety. In fact most of our local architects have seemed to catch
the spirit of the field as stamped by Mr. Ridgway, and tried to produce
something distinctly and worthily Pasadenian in architecture, in which
a few have succeeded. [A list of 100 buildings showing architectural types
I was obliged to omit for want of space].

CHAPTER XI.

Pasadena in Poi^iTics. — Political Clubs and Party Representatives. — National and
City Election Tables. — Pasadena Men in High Office. — Story of the Postoffice for
twenty years.

PASADENA IN POLITICS.

There were twenty-seven members of the original San Gabriel Orange
Grove Association who selected and took possession of their several propor-
tions of the colony lands on Jan. 27, 1874. Of these twenty-seven founders of
Pasadena five were democrats, namely, Judge B. S. Katon the president, A.
O. Bristol, A. W. Hutton, Ney Strickland and Henry G. Bennett ; all the
rest were republicans. But these five were not necessarily lonesome, for
nearly all the old settlers around were democrats, such as Gen. Stoneman,
Col. Kewen, Hon. B. D. Wilson, J. DeBarth Shorb, Col. Winston, John W.
Wilson, Jesus Rubio, etc. For all political or voting purposes the Rancho
San Pasqual was only a part of San Gabriel township.* Our colonists,
however* took measures at once to be formed into a new school district ; and
the first election ever held in Pasadena was for school directors, on Saturday,
September 12, 1874. Ten votes were cast, and unanimous choice was made
of Col. J. Banbury, H. G. Bennett and Dr. W. W. Edwards. No voting
except school elections occured here until 1876, when the San Pasqual school
district was allowed to vote as a separate election precinct of San Gabriel
township. And at the presidential election that year the polling place was
at the original colony school-house on lower Orange Grove Avenue, only a
few days before its removal to the central school lot, this latter event taking
place November 10, 1876. This was the year of Hayes's election as presi-
dent ; and out of a dozen old settlers whom I consulted only J. H. Baker
remembered how the vote stood. He gives it as Republican, 60 ; Demo-
crat, 5 ; Greenbacker, 2. Total, 67.

Early in 1875 I. N. Mundell was appointed road overseer for the school
district ; and in 1876 he was succeeded by A. O. Bristol.

In March, 1877, Henry G. Bennett was appointed deputy county as-

* On Aug. 7, 1851, S=in Gabriel township was created by order of the Court of Sessions, and was to
include besides the Mission, " the Ranchos San Pasqual, Santa Anita, Andres Duarte, Azusa, La Puente,
Las Coyotes, Nietos with all its lines of boundary, Cienega, Mission Vieja with all its lines of boundary.
The residence of the authorities is in San Gabriel."— OW records, as cited by Bancroft.

228 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

sessor, and served continuously for nine years. At the fall election this
year Maj. Erie lyocke was elected justice of the peace for San Gabriel town-
ship ; and A. O. Bristol was elected constable, but declined to serve.

In 1878 Dr. T. B. Elliott and P. M. Green were delegates from Pasa-
dena to the republican congressional district convention ; and Mr. Green
here made his maiden effort in politics by offering a resolution in favor of
civil service reform, which was adopted by the convention.

In 1879 P. G. Wooster was appointed deputy sheriff for Pasadena,
under county sheriff H. M. Mitchell, and was thus the first constabulary
officer of the new settlement. He was re-appointed deputy by sheriff W.
R. Rowland in 1880.

In 1879 (special election) P. M. Green was nominated and elected as-
semblyman ; and this was Pasadena's first elective achievement in the politi-
cal field. The voting this year was at the Central School-house. Mr.
Green received 109 votes, and the democratic candidate received six.

In 1882 J. F. Crank, another Pasadena republican, was elected to the
assembly ; and Gen. Geo. Stoneman, democrat, was elected governor. But
I still found no record or report of any political club here. The Pasadena
vote in 1882 was, republican 136; democrat 30. The vote of San Gabriel
was, 73 republican and 119 democrat.

On March 29, 1884, a republican club was organized, with Col. J. Ban-
bury as president, and Ben E. Ward secretary ; and Banbury, Ward, and
H. W. Magee were appointed delegates to a convention at Los Angeles for
choosing delegates to the State convention, and to decide on who Los An-
geles county would support for nomination as the republican candidate for
congress in the Sixth District. On this latter question four ballots were
had at Los Angeles, the last of which stood : for H. H. Markham, 78 ; for
Judge W. A. Cheney, 40 ; for E. F. Spence, 16. Then it was made unani-
mous for Markham ; and Spence, Cheney, Magee, and others were ap-
pointed a committee to inform him of the result. Magee was appointed
one of the delegates to the State convention at Sacramento ; and there on
July 23, 1884, Markham was nominated by the sixth district caucus, and
ratified by the convention.

September 19 the Pasadena republican club or caucus appointed dele-
gates to the county nominating convention, as follows : H. W. Magee, J.
Banbury,. J. W. Wood, O. R. Dougherty, T. P. Lukens. The convention
was in session two days, September 24 and 25. J. W. Wood was one of its
secretaries. Magee was nominated for assemblyman. He went on making
the canvass ; but the last week in October he discovered that it required a
three years' residence in the State to be eligible for this office, and he had
only come here in 1883 — hence was ineligible. He at once resigned the
candidacy, and Col. J. Banbury was put on the ticket in his place, and was
elected.

I

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 229

This is the first year that I found any published election returns from
Pasadena, and its vote on November 4, 1884, was :

FOR PRESIDENT. FOR CONGRESS. FOR LEGISLATURE.

Blaine, rep 270 Markham, rep 298 Col. J. Banbury, rep., 275

Cleveland, dem 59 Del Valle, dem 49 Abbot Kinney, dem. 56

St. John, prohib.,*.. 32

Butler, labor party*.. 4

Thus Pasadena precinct cast 365 votes for presidential candidates in

1884. But the vote for precinct officers ran up to 381 on justice of the

peace, as follows :

For Justice — T. P. Lukens, rep., 239 ; T. K. Bufkin, prohib., 81 ; E. S. Hereford, dem. 61
For Constable — H. C. Price, rep., 224; Geo. H. lyittle, prohib., no,

April 14, 1884, the first Prohibition club was organized, as a result of
lectures by the famous Mrs. J. Ellen Foster of Iowa. The officers were —
Stephen Townsend, president ; Dr. lyyman Allen, secretary ; S. D. Bryant,
treasurer. And the votes for St. John, Bufkin and lyittle, as given above,
showed their voting strength that year.

The first mention of any democratic political move in Pasadena is a re-
port of a meeting called by ly. C. Winston at the Roller Skating Rink,
October 29, 1884, and presided over by John W. Wilson. It was a mixed
affair, in which some republicans from San Gabriel took part, in opposition
to O. A. Stevens, a republican candidate for justice of the peace ; but the
real object of the meeting seemed to be in interest of the democratic candi-
date, E. S. Hereford, step-son of Hon. B. D. Wilson, who received 61 votes
in Pasadena precinct, as above noted.

In June, 1885, T. P. Eukens resigned as justice of the peace, and
Charles A. Gardner was appointed by the county board of supervisors to
fill the vacancy. Hence Gardner was the incumbent when in 1886 the city
was incorporated, and he was then appointed Pasadena's first city recorder
or police judge.

The next electional event was the first vote for city trustees, which took
place June 7, 1886, the incorporation having been officially granted on
May 13. For particulars of this election, see Chapter 14; also Chapter 12.

This year affords the first formal notice that I found of a democratic
party meeting in Pasadena, and I quote it from the Union of June 18, 1886,
to show who were the leading democrats here at that time. The notice
read :

" A meeting will be held at 8 p. m. Saturday, June 26, in the school-
house, Pasadena. All who are in sympathy with the great principles held
by the Democracy are invited to be present. Abbot Kinney, E. C Webster,
Bayard T. Smith, H. G. Bennett, R. M. Furlong, E. C. Winston, A. O.
Bristol."

April 16, 1888, the city trustees canvassed the votes polled at the elec-
tion held on April 9, and found the following officers elected :

*The votes for Butler and St. John were never published in Pasadena, and I had to hunt up old
records iu Los Angeles to find them. St. John had 343 votes in the county.

j>3o

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

DREW LOT FOR.

M. M. Parker, city trustee, 2 years.

Edson Turner, city trustee, 4 years.

Stephen Townsend, city trustee, 4 years.
W. W. Webster, city trustee, 2 years.
A. G. Throop, city trustee, 2 years.

City Clerk, James H. Cambell.
City Treasurer, Jabez Banbury.
City Marshal, I. N. Mundell.

PASADENA'S PRESIDENTIAL VOTE IN li

For President

FIRST
WARD

Harrison, Republican 350

Cleveland, Democrat 73

Fisk, Prohibition 63

486

SECOND
WARD

89
18

322

THIRD
WARD

18
320

FOURTH
WARD

288 1,068

100 349

33 132

421

1,549

For County Treasurer :

Col. Banbury, Republican 359 233 226 308 1,126

Hewitt, Democrat 64 77 80 98 319

[The most remarkable local contest was on Col. Banbury's candidacy at
this time, and hence I preserve the vote, for its historic interest.]

The city election in April, 1890, had the maintenance of the city's anti-
saloon ordinance distinctly in issue ; and for particulars of that campaign
and the vote in the case, see Chapter 13.

In the county election A. J. McLachlan won the race for district attor-
ney ; and Col. Banbury was re-elected county treasurer.
At City election April 11, 1892, the vote stood :

For City Trustee — John S. Cox, Republican 509

Oscar F. Weed, Republican 485

Samuel H. Doolit'^le, Independent 9

For five others, one vote each.

For City Clerk — Heman Dyer, Republican. .' 532

Scattering 5

For City Marshal — ^John T. Buchanan, Republican 506

Scattering 9

For City Treasurer — W. U. Masters, Democrat 320

W. T. Vore, Republican 291

VOTE ON LIBRARY TRUSTEES.

Chas. M. Parker, 525 ; O. S. Picher, 522 ; Sherman Washburn, 523 ;
B. M. Wotkyns, 515 ; John W. Vandevort, 521.

This year CM. Simpson, republican, of Pasadena was nominated and
elected to the legislature ; and J. DeBarth Shorb, democrat, was elected
county treasurer.

I found published reports this year of two political meetings, republican
on October 4, and democratic October 5, with lists of the men who were

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 23I

deemed sufficiently prominent and representative members of the two parties
to be called to sit on tlie platform as vice-presidents ; and I give these lists
here as historic memoranda of accredited party leaders at that time.

REPUBLICAN — OCTOBER 4, 1892.

The meeting was called to order by J. A. Buchanan, president of the
Pasadena Harrison club ; and after music by the band, the following list of
vice-presidents was read by the secretary of the club, Theo. Coleman :

Arturo Bandini, J. W. Scoville, J. W. Hugus, John McDonald, Prof. T.
S. C. Lowe, B. M. Wotkyns, W. B. Rowland, Calvin Hartwell, Col. O. S.
Picher, Mavor O. F. Weed, T. P. Lukens, M. H. Weight, Capt. A. Wake-
ley, Col. Chase, Capt. Geo. T. Downing, B. F. Ball, P. M. Green, Judge H.
W. Magee, W. K. Arthur, M. D. Painter, Governor L. A. Sheldon, C. C.
Brown, A. H. Conger, J. S. Cox, Thomas Banbury, Frank C. Bolt, S. Wash-
burn, W. D. McAllister, J. W. Wood, H. J. Vail, M. h. Clark, H. H. Rose,
W. H. Wiley, Wesley Bunnell, J. R. Greer, Jr., Rev. L. P. Crawford,
James H. Cambell, Ben W. Hahn, C. A. Gardner, Col. J. M. Irvin, Geo.
D. Patten, R. H. Williams, R. H. Knight, Fred Swift, Heman Dyer, N. S.
Bangham, John T. Buchanan, W. S. Wright, W. R. Staats, W. S. Gilmore.

DEMOCRATIC — OCTOBER 5, 1892.

The meeting was called to order by W. U. Masters, president of the
Democratic club, upon whose request W. D. McGilvray, secretary, read the
following list of vice-presidents [Pasadena names only given] :

R. M. Furlong, W. C. Stuart, A. R. Metcalfe, Judge Enoch Knight,
W. D. McGilvray, h. C. Winston, A. O. Bristol, Jas. Clarke, Dr. H. S.
Slaughter, Dr. R. J. Mohr, J. B. Stoutenburgh, W. L. Wotkyns, A. J.
Wright, Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb of San Gabriel, Hon. Geo. S. Patton of San
Gabriel, Bayard T. Smith, George Hermann, C. F. Harris, Joseph Simons,
Lucien E. Walker, H. C. Allen, Saml. Palmateer, Jas. Blatenburg, C, H.
Ryan, A. Thorns, John Simons, Judge B. S. Eaton of South Pasadena, A.W.
Armstrong, Ed. Kennedy, Peter Steil, Prof. C. H. Keyes, Dr. H. Sherk,
L. C. Torrance, H. G. Bennett, W. T. Grimes, H. B. Belt, F. B. Colver,
W. B. Scarborough, R. C. Guirado, A. R. Stoed, J. R. Matthews, J. C.
Kays, M. P. Snyder, W. T. Martin, J. R. Pitts.

The presidential vote of Pasadena this year, 1892, stood :

HARRISON CLEVELAND WEAVER BIDWELL

Rep. Dem. Popul't Prohib.

Precinct No. i # 98 20 10 38

Precinct No. 2 145 36 30 53

Precinct No. 3 103 45 32 14

Precinct No. 4 84 31 14 12

Precinct No. 5 106 45 31 13

Precinct No. 6 150 46 18 28

Totals in city

686 223 134 158

North Pasadena 116 32 25 32

South Pasadena 64 37 14 18

Alhambra 124 68 16 7

San Gabriel 66 83 4 2

Lamanda 66 27 22 9

Sierra Madre 67 29 8 4

232 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

[I have given the vote of these six adjacent precincts also, because they
are settlements historically within Pasadenaland, and the figures were ready
at hand.]

At the city election on April 9, 1894, the vote stood as follows .

For City Trustee — ^John B. Cahill, prohibitionist 113

James Clarke, democrat 379

H. M. Hamilton, republican 693*

T. P. Lukens, republican 762*

Peter Steil, democrat 191

Andrew J. Utley, populist 153

Sherman Washburn, republican S^S"^

For City Clerk — Heman Dyer, republican 1054*

No other candidate for this office.

For City Treasurer — Henry C. Hotaling, republican 846*

Philander G. Wooster, prohibitionist 210

For City Marshal — ^John T. Buchanan, republican 905*

John S. Withiel, populist 162

The new officers took their places on Monday, April 16, 1894; and
T. P. Lukens was elected President of the Board of Trustees, or "Ma)'or "
as commonly spoken of. [January 2, 1895, John S. Cox was elected presi-
dent— then, in July a pair of twin boys were born to him !^

MKN CHOSEN TO HIGH OFFICE.

List of Pasadena men who have held State, County or National offices,
or other public positions of high responsibility and trust :

Col. Jv Banbury : assemblyman, 1885-86 ; county treasurer, 1888 to
1892.

Thomas Banbury : director for sixth congressional district of the
state agricultural commission. Appointed May 5, 1891.

Chas. W. Bell : representative of Los Angeles county at the World's
Fair in New Orleans, September to December, 1884.

Dr. Ezra S^ Carr : state superintendent of schools from December
I, 1875, to January 5, 1880.

Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr: deputy state superintendent — same time.
Member of state silk commission, 1884 to 1894.

Dr. Wm. F. Channing : member administrative council of the
World's Congress of Electricians — 1892.

J. F. Crank: assemblyman, 1881-82.

Z. Decker: public administrator, 1886 to 1888.

Benjamins. Eaton, associate justice of Los Angeles county court
of se.ssions, 1854-55; district attorney, 1855 56 ; associate justice again
1862-63."!" [Judge Eaton was also city assessor of Los Angeles in 1857,
and city clerk, 1863-64.]

♦Elected.

t" From the organization of the county in 1850 to the creation of the board of supervisors in 1852,
the court of sessions (consisting of the county judge and two associate justices) administered thecivi] af-
fairs of the county, in addition to their ordinary judicial functions." — Hist. Los Angeles Co. 1880, p. $0.
On January i, 1S80, the court of sessions was supplanted by the superior court, as now in vogue.

I

DIVISION THREE BRAINS. 233

Thomas J. Fleming : county treasurer, 1893 to 1895.
Manuel Garfias : county treasurer, 1850-51.
P. M. Green : assemblyman, 1879 to '81.

Dr. John S. Griffin : county superintendent of schools, elected June
7, 1856 ; coroner, 1862 to '65,

C. F. Holder : trustee of State Normal School at lyos Angeles,
1890 to '92.

Col. E. J. C. KewEn : district attorney, 1860-61 ; assemblyman 1863
to '65, [Col. Kewen had been attorney general of the State from December
22, 1849, to August 13, 1850, before he came to Los Angeles county and
settled at our Pasadena " Old Mill."] •

Prof. C. H. Keyes : president Throop Polytechnic Institute ; mem-
ber Advisory Council National Educational Association. 1895.

Abbot Kinney: U. S. Indian Commissioner, 188 1 to '83; State For-
estry Commissioner, from May, 1886 to 1890.

Enoch Knight : Register U. S. Eand office at Los Angeles, 1893-4-5,
during President Cleveland's second term.

T. S. C. Lowe : State Commissioner of Yosemite Park, 1892-94.
T. P. LuKENS : trustee of State Normal School at Los Angeles,
1892-94.

H. W. Magee : state inspector of banking institutions, 1894-95.
A. J. McLachlan : district attorney, 1890 92 ; congressman 1895-96.
H. H. Markham ; congressman, 1884-1886; governor, 1890-94.
John McDonald : commissioner of deeds at Pasadena for the States
of Arizona, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Washington.

E. T. Pierce : principal State Normal School at Chico, 1889-92 ;
principal State Normal School at Los Angeles, 1892-95.

Dr. H. a. Reid : member for Wisconsin of United States Sanitary Com-
mission, 1861-64.

Capt. D. R. RislEy: U. S. Marshal, 1884 to '88, during President
Cleveland's first term.

H. N. Rust : Commissioner of Immigration, 1886; U. S. Indian
agent, 1891-93 ; member and secretary of board of judges in department of
Ethnology at World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893.

J. DeBarth Shore : member at large of State Viticultural Com-
mission. 1890-94 ; county treasurer, 1892-93. [Resigned, and Fleming
I appointed to fill vacancy].
C. M. Simpson : assemblyman, 1892-94; state senator, 1895.
Gen. George Stoneman : governor, January, 1883 to January, 1887.
W. H. Wiley : State Agricultural Commissioner for 6th Con-
gressional district, 1892-94.
B. D. Wilson: U. S. Indian agent, 1852 53 ; member of county
board of supervisors, 1853, and 1861 to 1865 ; state senator, 1855-57; and
again 1869 to 1872.
John W. Wood, Ph. G.: member State Board of Pharmacy, 1891
to '95.

Waldo M. York : judge of superior court, Los Angeles county,
1893 ^^d 1895-

234 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

THE STORY OP THE POSTOPPICE.

For ten years after Pasadena's settlement by Americans it was com-
monly called the ' ' Indiana Colony ; ' ' and it was more than two years after
the date of settlement before a local postofl&ce was obtained ; but none of
the old settlers could tell with any certainty just when they began to have
a postoffice of their own. I pursued the inquiry among them for nearly a
year, and the nearest to any definite date I could get was, that Miss Jennie
Hollingsworth (now Mrs. J. R. Giddings) remembered that she wrote a
letter during the colony picnic in the old oak grove at Lincoln park on July
4, 1876, and there was no postoffice here then, for she had to send her letter
to lyos Angeles for mailing. For several months before a local office was
finally obtained, young Morton Banbury, son of Col. J. Banbury, kept up a
sort of " free delivery " service for all the lower portion of the colony. He
was attending school in Los Angeles and rode back and forth every day on
his own pony. The mail for these people all came to Los Angeles ; and
every day after school he called at the postoffice there for the colony mail,
and distributed it on his way home to such families as lived on the line of
his ride. He did this merel}^ as a neighborly accommodation ; and was as
careful and anxious and painstaking to do it satisfactorily to the people
served as if he had been getting a good salary for it. As the months wore
on and the mail matter increased, the little kindness which he had set out
to do for the neighbors became a serious burden of care and overtaxing
labor, in addition to his daily ride of eighteen miles on horseback and his
daily work to keep up with his classes ; and he broke down under the
strain, took sick, and died September 4, 1877.

I did get a few random points in regard to the first efforts at securing
a postoffice, but nothing definite enough to call "history" ; and at last I
wrote to Washington explaining my dilemma and appealing for reliable in-
formation. In reply I received the following :

Post Office Department,
Oppice op the Fourth Assistant Postmaster General.
Washington, D. C, February 9, 1895.

Respectfully returned to the writer, with the desired information at-
tached :

OFFICE POSTMASTER DATE OF APPOINTMENT

Pasadena Josiah Locke (established) March 15, 1875

Pasadena Office discontinued Dec. 30, 1875

Pasadena Office re-established ..Sept. 21, 1876

Pasadena Henry T. Hollingsworth Sept. 21, 1876

Pasadena Arthur S. Hollingsworth June 18, 1879

Pasadena Romayne Williams April 7, 1880

Pasadena Albert O. Bristol July 31, 1885

Pasadena Bayard T. Smith Oct. 25, 1886

Pasadena Frank H. Oxner March 25, 1887

Pasadena Willis U. Masters June 20, 1887

Pasadena George F. Kernaghan* March 19, 1891

*Mr. Kernaghan's certificate or commission is dated February 20, 1892, to run four years from De-
cember 16, 1891. It is signed by Benj. Harrison, President, and by S. A. Whitfield, acting Postmaster-
General.

I

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 235

From the records, as will be seen, the office of Pasadena was first es-
tablished March 15, 1875, and was afterward on December 30, 1875, Discon-
tinued; and was re-established September 21, 1876. The office was made
third-class [appointment vested in the President] on the appointment of
Albert O. Bristol, July 31, 1885. R. A. Maxwell,

4th Asst. P. M. General.

The original colonists had set out to establish their business center in
the vicinity of Orange Grove Avenue amd California street. [See oak tree
cut, page 167.] The school-house was first built there, and the first two
churches were in that vicinity. The name Pasadena was formally adopted
by the colony Association on April 22, 1875; but it seems to have been
agreed upon in the petition for a postoffice prior to this action, for the date
March 15, 1875, is given when the name first appears in the records at
Washington. Josiah lyOcke (uncle to Seymour Locke, now a well-known
businCvSS man of Pasadena), who was first named as postmaster, then owned
and occupied thirty-five acres along the north side of California street
where the Garfield school and Congregational church now stand, and up to
Orange Grove Avenue. The postmaster's salary was set at twelve dollars
per year. Mr. lyOcke declined to serve.* No reports were made to the De-
partment, for nobodj' else seemed willing to incur so much care and respon-
sibility for so little pay ; and accordingly the whole record at Washington
was canceled, and Pasadena as a postoffice name was snuffed out.

Meanwhile the new settlement east of Fair Oaks Avenue had been de-
veloping rapidly ; and L. D. Hollingsworth had erected a small building of
up-and-down rough boards, making a room 20x30 feet, where McDonald,
Brooks & Co.'s office now stands — No. 7 East Colorado street. Here he
opened a small store to accommodate the settlers, so they would not have to
go or send to Los Angeles for every little purchase of family supplies. But
a postoffice? Where was the self-sacrificing individual who would be wil-
ling to serve as postmaster for One Dollar per month ? Young Henry T.
Hollingsworth finally came to the rescue, threw himself in the breach and
"filled a long-felt want." He was going to open a watchmaker and jewel-
er's window in his father's store, and so he consented to act as postmaster.
Accordingly a new petition for mail service was sent to Washington, and
Pasadena was revived or re-established as a postoffice, with H. T. Hollings-
worth as postmaster, September 21, 1876. D. M. Graham was then here as
an invalid, and had taken to driving his two-horse buggy daily between
the colony and Los Angeles, partly as an out-door recreation for his own
health, and partly as an accommodation for the settlers and their winter visit-
ors. And he took the contract to carry the mail on this new route, thus be-
coming the first official who ever made a mail delivery in Pasadena. Yet I

*Mr. Locke died at Indianapolis, Ind., March 5, 18S5. He had been connected with several news-
paper enterprises in his life ; and in a biographical sketch of him the Indianapolis fouynal said : " He
spent a couple of years in California and planted an orange grove at Pasadena, which he sold but a few
weeks ago [to H. W. Magee], the grove costing him $2,500 and selling for $[7,500. He was for about a
year in Chicago, as manager of The Advance [the Congregationalist paper]."

236 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

found it impossible to learn the exact date or any particulars of this first
delivery. Mr. Graham died in 1893; ^^^ ^^- Hollingsworth in 1895, is
keeping a large jewelry store in Los Angeles

The postoffice being finally established at the Colorado and Fair Oaks
corner instead of the California and Orange Grove corner, was a grievance
to the original colony people in the latter vicinage.* Then in November of
the same year [1876] the original colony school-house on lower Orange
Grove Avenue was moved up to the new five-acre school lot given by B. D.
Wilson just across the street from the Hollingsworth store. And this was
another grievance to the Orange Grove people. [For fuller particulars, see
chapter 9 : " Annals of the schools ".]

S. Washburn afterward owned the Hollingsworth store for awhile but
was not postmaster. Romayne Williams clerked for Washburn, and became
postmaster April 7, 1880 ; then he bought out the store business himself and
put up a new building of his own — since known as the Williams Hall block,
and itself a pantheon of historic associations. On February 27, 1883, he
moved the store into his new building, and of course the postoffice went with
it. In the old place there were only 27 postoffice boxes ; in the new place
there were 360 boxes. Pasadena had grown so rapidly as to justify this
large increase ; and Mr. Williams was alwaj^s a man to keep full up to the
front line of the procession — in fact generally a little ahead. In August,
1882, this had been made a money order office, while yet in the old building.

When Cleveland became president, in 1S85, of course it was "innings"
for the democrats. Pasadena had always had a republican postmaster ; but
now the time for a change had come, and A. O. Bristol, one of the only five
democrats in the original colony Association, was commissioned postmaster
July 31, and took possession of the office September i, 1885. During 1886
the business increased so much that it was found necessary to seek larger
and better quarters for it. The Union of March 5, 1886, said :

"The Pasadena postoffice is doing a big business. Its money orders are
over $60,000 a year ; its supplies for this quarter amount to $1,000 ; about
1,000 letters daily are received ; registry business last quarter, 234 packages
sent and 258 received. The fine new quarters provided last Fall are already
too small for the public, though large enough inside for the postal work ; and
the 420 boxes (253 "call " and 167 lock) are insufficient for the demand."

March 15, 1886, the San Gabriel Valley Railroad first contracted to
carry the mail between lyos Angeles and Pasadena, this service having be-
fore been done by W. T. Vore's hack line, after D. M. Graham gave it up.

The estimates and allowances for postal service are made annually one
year in advance ; and hence there is no provision at Washington for such
mail-bag booms in local postoffices as Pasadena experienced early in 1886.
The allowance for clerk hire at Pasadena proved utterly inadequate to meet

* A new 'postoffice called " Herniosa " was established at corner of Columbia street and Sylvan
Drive, Jan. 3, 1S83, but afterward had the name changed to South Pasadena. [See Chap. 35.]

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 237

the emergency. Bristol was a man of good grit ; and he held on till he was
completely snowed under with accumulations of mail impossible to be dis-
tributed, even with the extra help he had hired out of his own pocket ; and
his requests and bills for extra help were rejected at Washington. Then he
quit — resigned suddenly by telegraph, and got out with a big fund of "ex-
perience ' ' in his head but some hundreds of dollars less funds in his pocket.
The Washington authorities telegraped back, October 25, 1886, that Bayard
T. Smith had been appointed postmaster, vice Bristol, resigned ; so Smith
took hold to win his spurs as a democratic official. But criticism and com-
plaints filled the air, and there was a clamor lor better mail service — many
persons, as I often heard them myself, foolishly claiming that the trouble
was all because the democrats had got into power again. Mr. Smith soon
got tired of the "honors of ofiice"; and in self-defense he published in the
Union of February 5, 1887, an official statement, from which I make a few
extracts :

' ' Funds available Monthly

Salary at $1,400 per annurc $116 67

Private contributions toward rent of office 40 00

Money order commissions (available about six months after

earned ) 22 50

Total $179 17

AVERAGE EXPENSES.

Clerks' hire $176 23

Rent for December and January 50 00

Lights and fuel 18 00

Sundry expenses 6 33 $250 58

Monthly deficit $71.41. The public can hardly expect the postmaster
to do more, under the circumstances."

But alas, the unfeeling public did expect more, and continued to up-
braid the postmaster until the sweets of of&ce soured and palled upon his
taste; and on February 29, 1887 — only three weeks after publishing his
financial dilemma and personal defense, as above, he resigned in favor of
Frank H. Oxner, who had served as his deputy. So Oxner was appointed
to fill the vacancy March 25, 1887 — but he died before his commission ar-
rived.

Next, Willis U. Masters was appointed June 20, 1887 — the fourth
democratic postmaster within two years. The new man went in with reso-
lute zeal to redeem the credit of his party and administration, and give
Pasadena such a mail service as her necessities and amount of business
would justify. With Jacksonian grit he took the responsibility, and hired
enough help to keep the office in good running order for a few months.
^^But when the winter tide of tourist business rolled in, he too was swamped,
^Hknd the breakers of mail matter rolled over him as ruthlessly as they had
^Fover his predecessors. And the Daily Star of December 13, 1887, gave a re-

238 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

"The postoffice was not opened to-day. Back mail is piled all over the
floor two feet deep. It is utterly impossible to do the postoffice work of
Pasadena with the number of clerks allowed by the Postoffice Department.
Since July i Mr. Masters had paid for clerk hire $2,055 out of his own
pocket to keep the work going on right, but could get no allowance for it at
Washington, nor increase of clerks, and hence had discharged all his extra
help — and here was the result."

As soon as the situation became known an impromptu meeting sent out
a committee to raise funds to assist the postmaster, consisting of T. P.
Lukens, Geo. E. Meharry, B. W. Bates, A. F. Mills, I^. F. Miller. They
raised $350 in two hours, which was increased to $500 the next day. A
vacant store-room was secured, piles of mail bags dumped into it, both hired
and volunteer assistants were set at work, and in about a week the vast ac-
cumulation of back mail was assorted and distributed to its proper owners.

During December 12 and 13, Washington was besieged with telegrams
calling for the authorization of more postoffice clerks at Pasadena. Ex-
congressman H. H. Markham telegraphed to the Postmaster General about
it. Col. W. A. Ray, chairman of Citizens committee, also telegraphed the
Postmaster General. Prof. M. M. Parker, president of the city council,
telegraphed to Gen. Wm. Vandever, then our member of congress. And
Rev. E. I/. Conger telegraphed to his brother, a member of congress, to aid
us in the matter. Out of all this effort came at last some relief, and more
clerical help was provided for the office.

In March 1888, the office was removed from its place on Fair Oaks
Avenue into a larger and more commodious room in the Morgan block on
south Raymond Avenue, where it still remains — 1895. And at that time
the extensive and improved box system, with Yale locks, and passage way
or lobby on two sides, were put in nearly the same as now.

FREE DELIVERY.

The Pasadena Standard oi July 6, 1889, said :

" Free delivery of mail commenced Monday, July i. The carriers are •'
Capt. A. C. Drake, business portion of city north of Colorado street. L. T-
L^incoln, business portion south of Colorado street. A. L. Petrie, mounted,
northern outlying district. C. R. Dillman, mounted, eastern district. E-
Watson, mounted, southern district. Drake and Petrie are old soldiers.
The other three have been clerks in the postoffice."

The same paper in October said :

■' During the month of September our free mail carriers delivered 38,838
pieces of mail matter, and collected from the street boxes 11,621 pieces."

And February 8, 1890, it said again :

" The total receipts of the Pasadena postoffice in 1889 were $13,519.28.
Total expenses $11,021.88. Leaving $2,497.40 net revenue to the govern-
ment."

During 1890 our postoffjce matters went on smoothly under W. U.
Masters headship, without any marked historic event to note.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 239

On April 23 24, 1891, occurred the visit of President Harrison and
Postmaster General John Wanamaker to Pasadena. And Mr. Masters being
both postmaster and president of the Board of Trade at the time, stood at
the forefront of all the reception ceremonies in honor of the distinguished
visitors. For full particulars of this event, see Chapter 16: "President
Harrison Day."

Mr. Kernaghan had been appointed postmaster as Masters 's successor,
but had not yet taken formal possession of the office, and thus he stood as
adjunct host of the Postmaster General. Very soon thereafter Mr. Kernag-
han came into his kingdom, and during the year had occasion to make sun-
dry changes. The Star of v*^eptember 23, gave the following report :

' ' The improved postoffice is a wonderful advance over the old one and
its neat appearance is a pleasant surprise to those who have not been keep-
ing track of the progress of work there. The walls of the whole interior
have been rekalsomined, the working room has been entirely partitioned off
by glass frames extending from the top of the boxes to the ceiling ; the de-
partments have been rearranged, with a neatly enclosed corner for the m oney-
order and stamp business ; speaking tubes and call bells have beenrunfrom
the postmaster's desk to different parts of the room ; and the woodwork of
the outer and inner divisions of the office have been revarnished. These im-
provements are made by the owner of the building, Mr. Morgan, under the
superintendence of Mr. Staats."

October 19, the paper again reported thus:

' ' By reference to the annual report of the postmaster-general for the
year ending June 30, 1890, it will be seen that only two offices of the presi-
dential class were not self-sustaining — the gross receipts did not pay the ex-
penses. Of these two the Pasadena office was one. We are informed that
no change for the better has taken place in receipts and expenses for the
year ending June 30, 1891"

It then goes on to mention that the free delivery district had been reduced,
two carriers had been dismissed, and clerkhire cut down until the remaining
clerks were " overworked and underpaid," in the efforts of the P. O. De-
partment at Washington to get itself onto a paying basis. The Star of
December 24, contained some statistics furnished by postma.ster Kernaghan
which are worth preserving for future reference and comparison, hence I
quote them here :

Receipts from sale of stamps, stamped envelopes, etc.,

for the fiscal year ending June 30, '91 $11,540.83

Total number of pieces of mail matter handled by the

carriers during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, 982,968

Total handled during year ending June 30, 1890 799,824

Increase 183,144

Number of letters dispatched from this office during the month of July,

1891, 29,711. During the month of October, 1891, 35,171.

The receipts of the office for the months of September and October of

this year, as compared with the corresponding months of last year, show an

increase of 33^3 per cent.

240 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The mounted carriers of this office travel upwards of 9,400 miles each
per year, while the foot carriers each cover a distance of about 4,000 miles
in the same time.

In January, 1895, the Los Angeles Times published a tabular exhibit
of the business of the lyos Angeles postoffice for the years 1890-91-92-93-
94, showing the steady annual increase. Mr. Kernaghan made a corres-
ponding exhibit of the Pasadena postal business for the same years, and the
result vShowed our annual increase to be 17 4-5 per cent, greater than theirs.
From some private memoranda in the office I gleaned the following statis-
tics worth preserving :

Stamps sold in December, 1892 $1,716 40

Stamps sold in December, 1893 2,032 87

Stamps sold in December, 1894 2,747 09

Total number pieces registered in 1892 2,365

Total number pieces registered in 1893 3- 300

Total number pieces registered in 1894 4,39i

As an illustration of how the registered package business inundates the
postal service for a week or two before the Christmas holidays each year,
Mr. Kernaghan gave me a footing of this business during six working days,
from December 16 to 22 inclusive, for three successive years, as follows :

Pieces registered from December 16 to 22, in 1892 290

Pieces registered from December 16 to 22, in 1893 5^2

Pieces registered from December 16 to 22, in 1894 835

August 15, 1894, a branch office called Station A was established at
North Pasadena, with David McLeod as chief clerk in charge.

The Pasadena postoffice service in 1895, Geo. F. Kernaghan being still
postmaster, has 744 lock boxes and thirty-six drawers. There are five
carriers, two afoot and three mounted ; and four inside clerks. The foot
carriers traverse from fifteen to eighteen miles per day, and the mounted
ones about thirty miles. The total allowance for salaries is now $3,000 per
annum.

CHAPTER XII.

The Temperance Question — First Saloon in the colonj-. — The historic anti-saloon
agreement. — The city's prohibitory ordinance.

THE TEMPERANCE QUESTION.
The original colony settlers of Pasadena were mostly of a class who
wished to establish the moralities and decencies of a Christian civilization
as the dominant sentiment and practice in their community ; and they con-
sidered a saloon or any place for the beverage sale of liquors, as wholly in-
consistent with and contrarj^ to that purpose. But in spite of this senti-
ment, some time in 1875, M. Rosenbaum, a native of Hamburg, Germany,
started a little store on Orange Grove Avenue, about where J. W. Wood's

DIVISiON THREE — BRAINS. 24I

pretty cottage now stands, and along with other goods kept liquors
for sale. This aroused such a storm of indignation and energetic protest
that he was soon compelled to give up the business ; and the building was
afterward used for a number of years as a Chinese wash house. That first
attempt to establish the liquor trade here brought forth the formal and of-
ficial action of the colonists, as reported in Hon. P. M. Green's sketch of
Pasadena history written for the Farnsworth pamphlet of 1883, from which
I quote :

"The San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, at a meeting of the
stockholders held on the 17th day of February, 1876, by a unanimous vote
adopted the following resolution :

' ' Resolved, That the members of this Association are opposed to the
sale of liquors upon the Association's grounds,"

thus placing the seal of its condemnation on the traffic, and doing all that
it could, in its corporate capacity, to mould public sentiment and give
character to the community on this subject."

There was no further trouble on the saloon question until 1884. During
this year one Jerome Beebe, erected a two story "frame building on E. Colo-
rado street (now No. 47 and occupied by E. H. Lockwood and others),
professedly only for a billiard hall, with tobacco and cigar counter included.
But in a few weeks after opening up for business he put in a stock of
liquors also, in spite of the fact that T. P. Eukens had gotten up a respect-
ful request, and every business man in town had signed it, that he would
not start a liquor saloon in Pasadena. He said his business wouldn't pay
without a stock of liquors, and he had got a license and was going to do a
lawful business. The matter soon became notorious ; and the liquor interest
of Ivos Angeles for awhile took special pains to send their tourist friends out
this way, to patronize the Pasadena saloon and help Beebe to hold his grip
here, in spite of the strong local sentiment against it. This was the state of
affairs in October and November, when H. R. Case went to Los Angeles
and got some large handbills printed calling a mass meeting at Pasadena
on November 10, 1884, to consider what should be done or could be done to
get rid of the Hquor saloon recently started there. These bills were posted
up through Pasadena and vicinity ; and by the time the day arrived the
matter had warmed up so much that Beebe was pretty badly scared, and kept
himself armed with two loaded revolvers, swearing that he would shoot on
sight anybody who should attempt to interfere with his business. He also
procured a deputy sheriff to be sent up from Los Angeles for his special
protection on that mass meeting day ; and, to guard against a night raid of
those wicked temperance people to destroy his stock of liquors, he kept an
armed companion to sleep with him in his saloon building. At last the day
arrived and a large gathering of people took place, whose proceedings I
here quote from a report published in the Valley Unioji of November 15,

16

242 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

1884, then edited by J. E. Clarke and J. W. Wood ; but I have added some
explanatory remarks in brackets :

"A saloon having been started in Pasadena, against the unanimous
protest of every business man or firm in the place, a mass meeting was held
on the subject November 10, 1884, in the public school grounds [nearly
where the Kldridge block now stands]. B. F. Ball was made chairman, and
C. B. Ripley secretary. Rev. S. S. Fisk, pastor of the Baptist church was
called for, who responded by brief remarks, and moved that the sentiment
of the people of Pasadena here assembled be taken in regard to the saloon
question. Pending a vote upon the question as to whether the people of
Pasadena desire a liquor saloon in their midst, speeches were made by Rev.
J. B. Britton, Rev. I^. W. Hayhurst, Calvin Abbott, Rev. A. W. Bunker,
Hon. P. M. Green, Mr. C. C. Thompson, Col. J. Banbury, Rev. Williel
Thompson, J. W. Wood ; also a letter was read from H. W. Magee, who
could not be present.

"The following set of resolutions were offered by Rev. A. W. Bunker,
and unanimously adopted, and a copy ordered to be furnished to the Valley
JJyiion for publication ; also that the editor of the U7iion forward a copy to
the Board of Supervisors of IvOS Angeles county ; also voted that a copy of
the resolutions be taken to the proprietor of the saloon with a demand that
he stop the sale of liquor in Pasadena at once. It was voted that a commit-
tee, consisting of Rev. S. S. Fisk, Rev. A. W. Bunker, and Col. J. Ban-
bury, and as many ladies as would accompany them, take the resolutions to
the saloon-keeper at once, and report to the meeting his response. Mrs.
Russell Case, Mrs. Mary C. Lord, Mrs. O. S. Barber, Dr. Rachel F. Reid,
and others accompanied the committee.

"'Whereas, Many of us citizens of Pasadena, procured land and
built our homes in this settlement because it was a temperance community
and we were led to believe that it would always continue thus ; therefore,

"Resolved, That we regard the opening of this liquor saloon, under
the circumstances, as a base injustice and an unmitigated insult to us, the
citizens of Pasadena. That words utterly fail to express our contempt for,
and righteous indignation against the party or parties who have so deeply
wronged us in disregarding our desires and trampling upon our rights, and
for all who assist or support them in their nefarious work. That, as law-
abiding citizens, we demand of this State such a change in the laws of the
commonwealth as will protect us and other communities from the curse of
the liquor traffic, where this traffic is not desired by a majority of the
people of that community. That we will use our influence and cast our
ballots only for such men, irrespective of party, who favor and will work
for the enactment of such laws. '

"While the committee were absent, H. N. Rust, Mrs. Sigler and
others addressed the meeting. It was voted that the sense of the meeting
was in favor of incorporation ; and it was also voted that a committee of
five be appointed by the chairman to take steps toward incorporation.

The chairman appointed H. W. Magee, Col. J. Banbury, H. N. Rust,
S. Washburn, and J. W. Wood as such committee.

"The chairman of the committee to wait upon the proprietor of the
saloon reported that the resolutions were read as directed : and that he re-
plied that he was selHng liquor according to the laws of the land, and that
he should continue to do so ; he would, however, sell his whole property

L

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 243

and not engage in the saloon business again, for the sum of $7,000. It was
voted that the meeting did not want to buy saloons at any price. It was
voted that a committee be appointed to wait upon Mr. Stamm and Mr. Nay
and request them to discontinue the sale of wines, beer and liquors, as the
people of Pasadena were opposed to their sale in any form. It was voted
that the people organize for mutual protection. Mr. B. F. Ball was elected
president of such organization. Dr. Rachel F. Reid vice-president, and Mrs.
Russell Case secretary." [Mrs. Case is better known as Miss Florence
Royce, who was for seven years a favorite teacher in the Central school of
Pasadena. — Ed.]

The Mutual Protection Association mentioned in the above report ap-
pointed an executive council of thirty business men, with a committee from
the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as co-laborers. For several
months meetings were held twice a month in the Library Hall, to confer on
ways and means. Committees were appointed from time to time to ascertain
from lawyers in lyos Angeles what possible legal process could be taken to
rid Pasadena of its saloon pest. C. B. Ripley, Geo. A. Swartwout, C. W.
Abbott, Dr. H. A. Reid, Martin Mullins, and Dr. Lyman Allen served in
this special work at different times. And Mr. Swartwout especially procured
citations of law enough to make a book of themselves ; but there was
nothing found in California law to help Pasadena a particle in her desired
riddance until she should become an incorporated city. After making all
these efforts, and finding no resource at law, a document was prepared in
March, eventually signed by 272 voters and taxpayers, [ten more names
were added later] sixty-three of them being business men or firms of the
village, and published with all the names attached, both in the Valley
Unioii and in a circular, June 12, 1885, reading as follows :

AGREEMENT.

" We, the undersigned, citizens of Pasadena, realizing that the indis-
criminate sale of intoxicating liquors in our midst depreciates the value of
our homes, retards immigration, injures our business interests, endangers
our lives and property, leads our young men and boys into habits of vice
and crime, and lowers the moral tone of our society.

"Therefore, We declare ourselves opposed to this traffic in our midst,
and in favor of using all lawfid vieans for its suppression ; and to this end

" We agree that we will not patronize or in any way give support to any
person who is engaged in the indiscriminate sale of liquors in Pasadena,
and that we will not, knowingly, employ, or retain in our employ, or in any
manfier le?id sicpport to any person who patronizes such traffic in our midst."

Copies of the agreement were circulated by a committee consisting of
Mrs. Mary Case, Mrs. S. Townsend, Dr. Rachel F. Reid, Mrs. M. C. Lord,
Dr. Lyman Allen, Amos Wright and C. M. Skillen. Copies of it were also
kept for signature at the Valley Union office, at the Pasadena Bank, [now
First National], and at the Free Library. While the work of procuring
signatures was going on, the Valley Union of March 27th published the fol-
lowing statement with regard to it ;

244 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

" For ten years this colony had no liquor saloon, no criminal record,
and no paupers. And the practical business object of this anti-saloon
agreement is to keep out of our midst that class of men who would spend
their earnings at the saloon, thus sustaining the nuisance here, with all the
crimes and other evils that naturally occur at such a place or by reason of it,
and leave their families to be supported by their industrious and sober
neighbors. One hundred and sixty-two of our well-known citizens and
leading business men have already signed this anti-saloon agreement, and it
is desirable that every man among us who is willing to stand with them on
this matter should add his name to the list. All who refuse to sign it will,
of course, be understood to stand in favor of having a saloon here."

For a while this seemed to be effective ; but Beebe was sustained by his
Los Angeles backers,* and also by a few men in Pasadena, probably twenty
in all, who pretended that he was being persecuted, or for various reasons
had refused to sign the "Agreement," and who began to decry it as a boy-
cott." Some who signed it entirely disregarded its practical application,
while others lived up to it in good faith ;t though population was changing
and increasing so rapidl}^ that the matter became every week more difficult,
for the great historic ' ' boom ' ' was then already beginning to blow up a few
preliminary bladders. Col. Banbury was this year elected to the legislature ;
and a local option bill was prepared here by T. P. I^ukens and others and sent
to him. He introduced it in the Assembly, so as to have a law by which
communities that were strongly opposed to saloons, like Pasadena, might
vote them out ; but it was received with levity, referred to committee on
public morals, and never heard of again. This was February 13, 1885 ;
and it was entitled ' ' A bill to prohibit the sale of liquors within 2000 feet
of any school-house or church in California outside of any incorporated
town or city." Penalty, fine from $50 to $500, or imprisonment twenty -
five to 250 days, or both.

Meanwhile the " boom " crowded along and swept everything else into
its rushing stream. In August, 1885, a duly framed, legally signed and
formal petition for Pasadena to be incorporated as a city was laid before the
county board of supervisors ; yet it was not until May 13, 1886, after nine
months of dickerings and bickerings and technical delays, that the order for
incorporation was finally granted, and June 7th, set for an election to be held
within the prescribed city boundaries on the question of incorporation, and
choosing of city officers. And all this time the saloon had been gaining a
stronger foothold by the great influx of a drinking class of mechanics and
laboring men who flocked to Pasadena in swarms — drawn by the high
wages paid, and the great demand for labor in the booming rush of new
buildings, .street gradings, water and gas pipe layings, cement walk con-
struction, etc.

*" It is claimed by the proprietor's mouth-pieces that he is well backed by the whisky interests
of Los Angeles and elsewhere. "--Editorial in Valley Union of November 15, 1S84.

t"It is said that more than fifty workmen have been discharged from the Raymond hotel job at dif-
ferent times for drinking liquor or patronizing liquor saloons."— KaZ/o* Union, February 5, 18S4.

DIVISION THRKK — BRAINS. 245

When the election took place, incorporation carried by 129 majority.
There were eight candidates for city trustees, and the five who received the
highest number of votes were the ones elected, which proved to be two
democrats and three republicans. When the time came to act on the saloon
matter they licensed it, but fixed the fee at the highest rate which they
thought would be paid without making a legal contest — $100 per month.
And thus a full-fledged dramshop went on in Pasadena, with the formal
consent of its city authorities. The original saloonkeeper, Beebe, having
been engaged to be married, his prospective wife refused to marry him
while he remained in that disreputable business (so I was informed), and
therefore he sold out to a man named E. I. Campbell, who paid his $100
license promptly each month, and pushed the business for all the money
there was in it. He employed two sets of bar men and kept the thing
open continuously, days and nights and Sundays. It became rumored that
he was the son of a Baptist preacher ; and a committee of W. C. T. U.
ladies went to labor with him, appeal to his moral nature, etc., and show him
what an evil business it was, and so persuade him to give it up. He re-
ceived them most politely, listened with gracious composure to their plea,
and then replied: " Ladies, you cannot tell me anything new about the
evils of this business. I know all about it. I could give you blacker
points in it than you ever dreamed of. But I am doing a lawful business.
I have both a city and county license, and United States tax permit. I am not
in the business for the fun of it, nor because I like it, but because I can
make more mojiey at it than anything else." The ladies retired, with some
new ideas about " moral suasion " for saloon keepers.

Much talk was indulged in, in a loose way, against the saloon. But no
definite action was taken again until January 23, 1887, when I find the fol-
lowing record in the Y, M. C. A. secretary's book which is still preserved :

"A meeting was held this Sunday afternoon in Williams Hall, at the
close of the Y. M. C. A. meeting. C. B. Ripley was chosen chairman and
Geo. Taylor, secretary. Remarks were made on the temperance work by
several speakers ; and 56 of those present signed a petition to the city coun-
cil, offered by Stephen Townsend, to abolish the saloon. Voted that a mass
meeting be held in Williams Hall next Thursday evening, at 7:30 o'clock
(January 27). The chair appointed Frank Wallace, S. Townsend and P. G.
Wooster, a committee to arrange for this meeting. On motion it was voted
that the following committee be appointed to ascertain and report what can
be lawfully done towards the suppression of liquor saloons in our city * *
and to report at the mass meeting :

Dr. H. A. Reid, of the Congregational Church.

Stephen Townsend, of the Methodist Church.

C. W. Abbott, of the Friends Church.

Geo. Taylor, of the Baptist Church.

Geo. A. Swartwout, of the Presbyterian Church.

The Valley Union of January 26, made a brief report of this meeting,

246 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

and from it I quote a few additional points : "Remarks were made by per-
haps a dozen different persons on various phases of the problem, and finally
a committee was appointed to ascertain and report what can be lawfully done
toward the suppression of liquor saloons in our city, and to coimsel a?id co-
operate with our city authorities for the abatement of this great public evil.
* * A general mass meeting was called for Thursday (to-morrow) even-
ing, at Williams' Hall, to hear a report from the committee. They have
already in hand the result of test cases in the supreme court from Los
Angeles, Riverside, Butte county and other places, besides opinions from
high legal authority on other points. Also, Mr. Hardy, mayor of the city
of lyincoln, Nebraska, will be at the meeting and give the experience of
Lincoln, Omaha and other cities with the famous ' high license law' of that
state."

[The fact was, Dr. Reid had been already at w^ork on the matter, collect-
ing court decisions, copies of ordinances, lawyers' opinions, etc., with the
knowledge and co-operation of F. J. Culver, general secretary of the Y. M.
C. A.]

The mass meeting was held as proposed, and the hall packed full, Col.
O. S. Richer acting as chairman. A full report was published in the Union
of January 29. Dr. Reid for the committee presented the results of legal
contests with the saloons in Butte county, and city of Los Angeles, and at
Riverside — all showing that the courts were against them, and that they
could be outlawed. Yet this meeting resulted chiefly in talk, and an en-
larged sanction to the continuance of the Anti-Saloon Committee, for whose
aid a collection was taken, amounting to $44.65 The chairman of the com-
mittee had prepared a schedule of five specific inquiries, covering every
possible method of dealing with the liquor traffic under California law ; his
intention being to secure eminent legal counsel upon all these points, as the
basis of the future work of the committee.

On the ensuing Sunday evening [January 30] .a vast congregation as-
sembled at the Methodist church to hear a temperance discourse which had
become somewhat famed as "Dr. Bresee's hyena sermon." At its close
some resolutions were adopted, and a committee was named, consisting of
Dr. Reid, S. Townsend, Dr. Wm. Converse, Chas M. Parker and Rev. A.
W. Bunker, to carry out the purpose of the resolutions. Before leaving the
church this committee held a meeting and formally consolidated with the
committee appointed at the Williams Hall meetings on Sunday and Thurs-
day previously, and named Dr. Reid chairman of the joint committee.

Now it should be noted that the city attorney, N. P. Conrey, in common
with a majority of lawyers at that time, held the opinion, and so advised
the city council, that there was no law in California under which they could
enact a prohibitory ordinance in Pasadena ; and the Pasadena Star [H. J.
Vail, editor] thrust this doctrine continually into the face of its readers, thus
prejudicing them against the efforts of the Anti-Saloon committee. Dr.
Reid took his five questions to ex- Lieut. Gov. Mansfield, who had been a

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 247

member of the State convention which framed the present constitution ot
California. He said there was no doubt as to the city's right, under Article
II, Sec. II of the constitution, to abolish saloons or any other evil thing, by
a proper exercise of the city's police power ; but as he could not take time
then to prepare a brief on the questions of law submitted, he recommended
Williams & McKinley, who he said, were the best posted on that subject
of any law firm in California. Dr. Reid then went to them, got points of
instruction, and engaged them to prepare a full professional brief on the five
inquiries submitted. These things he reported at the second mass meeting
in Williams Hall. The next historic step in the case will best be seen by
the following extract from the Pasadeyia Union' s report as published at the
time :

"At a very large meeting in the new Methodist Church on Sunday night,
January 30, a committee was appointed to take measures for bringing the
saloon question before our city trustees in the best way possible to secure
their prompt action. Monday morning the chairman of the committee went
to I^os Angeles and prepared under advise of good legal counsel a form of
petition which covered only such ground as is within the recognized and
established police powers of municipal incorpoiations. At 2 p. m. the com-
mittee met, and by 9 o'clock Tuesday morning the petition headings were in
the hands of canvassers to solicit names.

"Saturday morning, February 5, the committee waited on the City
Fathers with the following documents :

To the City Board of Trustees of Pasadena, i7i regular session, February ^ , iSSy:

Gentlemen : — We appear before you as a committee duly appointed
at a mass meeting of citizens of Pasadena, and bearing a petition properly
signed by over 500 adult male citizens or taxpayers of this city. We also
present herewith the legal opinion, with full citation of cases, court rulings,
standard legal authorities, constitutional powers and' statute law upon which
our petition is based. And we respectfully request that you refer the matter
of this petition, together with the legal opinion and authorities accompany-
ing it, to your city attorney, with instructions to prepare an ordinance in
accordance with the prayer of petitioners and lawful procedure in the case,
and report the same at your next regular meeting.

H. A. Reid, A. W. Bunker, ^

Wm. Converse, G. A. Swartwout, > Committee.

Chas. M. Parker, S. Townsend, )

" The list of petitioners made a roll measuring fourteen and a half feet
in length, mostly with double column of names as signed. At the head ot
the roll was a paper containing twenty or thirty names which had been
taken from a canvasser by a saloon man and torn into shreds. It looked
like a reliquary battle-flag of the G. A. R."

The list of 540 signatures was all printed in double column alphabetical
order, so that everj' man stood up to be counted. The petition was received,
placed on file, and Saturday, February 12, at 9 o'clock, set for a further
hearing. Meanwhile a subscription paper pledging funds to meet litigation

248 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

expenses if the ordinance should be contested, was signed to the amount
of $6,680 ; and at the next hearing this was presented. But the council
refused this, and required that the actual cash, or legal and collectible
promissory notes, should be deposited in bank as a guaranty of funds, be-
fore they would venture to pass such an ordinance.

The committee next prepared promissory notes, payable in 10 per cent,
installments, and went resolutely at work to comply with the requirement
of the council. February 16, a meeting was held in the parlor of the Pasa-
dena National Bank (Mr. Swartwout, the cashier, being a member of that
committee), and Dr. Wm. Converse, a director of the bank and member of
the committee, was elected treasurer, to hold the committee's funds and
pledge-notes in trust, subject to its order. February 19, they again appear-
ed before the council, exhibiting lawful promissory notes amounting to
$5,935, with 10 per cent, of the amount already in bank subject to the com-
mittee's order. It seemed then, that with 540 voters and taxpayers petition-
ing for such an ordinance, and nearly six thousand dollars of cash or notes
in bank to relieve the city from any costs of litigation arising from it, there
could be no further excuse for refusing to pass the ordinance as prayed for.
But no, it was not so. Two members of the council, E. C. Webster and
R. M. Furlong, both "anti-sumptuary" democrats, were somehow interest-
ed in the then new Carlton Hotel, which was to be a ''first-class'' hotel,
very high toned, etc., and they must have a clause granting this ''first-class''
hotel the right to serve wine or beer with meals. So here was another
hitch. But Dr. Reid had already submitted this very point to Williams &
McKinley ; and they had replied :

' ' Do not put in a clause permitting hotels or restaurants to furnish
liquors at table. That* would leave the way so open and easy for evasion
that it would be impossible to carry a case to conviction in the courts, on
account of the endless technical questions that could be raised. It would
thus defeat the whole object and intent of the law."

They had said, however, that " there was as yet no ruling of California
courts on this point ; and it would probably be impossible to get a California
jury to convict on it. Hence they would not be willing as attorneys to take
a case into court that was based merely upon such a violation as the furnish-
ing of wine or beer when called for with a meal at a hotel. Nevertheless,
if you put in a clause giving this privilege, you might just as well abandon
your whole project of prohibiting the liquor trade, for you never could en-
force it."

The full board of city trustees, with city clerk, city marshal, city attor-
ney, and the committee authorized to represent the 540 petitioners, were all
present; and after considerable further questioning and discussion on this
matter it was finally agreed upon by all that the ordinance should be passed
just as prayed for, without any excepting clause lor hotels ; but that no

DIVISION XHRE^e; — BRAINS. 249

arrests should be made for the furnishing of wine or beer with meals at the
Carlton hotel. This was all and the only "concession" ever made or agreed
upon in regard to this matter, although contrary assertions were publicly
made through all the years later by parties seeking to break down the law ;
for this special agreement was not made public at the time, being only
known to those present and a few others who happened to be in some way
personally interested in it. It should be noted that this was on February
19, 1887 ; and it was not until October 31 — nearly nine months later — that
the California Supreme Court decision was rendered, fully sustaining the
ordinance just as it read when passed. And then, December 5, of same
year, the United States Supreme Court rendered its decision in the celebra-
ted Kansas cases, sustaining most explicitly and to the fullest extent every
point of prohibition. contained in the Pasadena ordinance.*

The committee urged the immediate passage of the ordinance, because
they had knowledge of three additional saloons already planned for in
Pasadena, and it was earnestly desired to let these parties know that if they
did start such places they were buying a law suit in advance. But objection
was raised that K. I. Campbell already had a license from the city which
did not expire until May i , — over two months yet ; and if the ordinance was
passed now, he could sue the city for breach of contract, loss of trade, de-
preciation of property, etc., and recover damages from the city — [for the
"compensation" doctrine was now boldly affirmed by the liquor interest
everywhere, although it was completely overruled by the United States
Supreme Court, December 5, 1887. ]t However, the council was finally
prevailed upon to pass the ordinance, but have it not take effect until 6
o'clock A. M. on the first Monday in May, as Campbell's license would then
have expired. So this was done, and the three new saloon projects were
thus headed off.

When the ordinance went on record as duly and lawfully enacted, little
Pasadena had boldly bearded the great whisky lion of California in his den ;
and soon the air was full of ominous growlings, and threats of what direful
things would happen to the youthful city. The newspaper articles and
other documents on the subject would make a law-library volume of them-
selves. The law's delays and uncertainties from the time of enactment of
[the ordinance in February till the decision upon it by the Supreme Court on
'October 31, gave an open field for controversy ; and the chairman of the
committee found it necessary every two or three weeks to publish a report
of the progress being made, in order to satisfy the friends of the ordinance,
and to keep some from being disheartened by the confusing fallacies, soph-

*See Mugler vs. State of Kansas, printed in Supreme Court Reporter Vol. 8, No. 10, January 23,
i888. Pages 273 to 306.

tThe Pasadena Star of December 17, 1887, took issue with the U. S Supreme Court on this matter,
just as every liquor trade journal throughout the United States had done ; and the editor boasted that he
had maintained the "compensation" doctrine in Iowa, as he did also now, in spite of the contrary
rulings of both State and United States Supreme Courts.

250 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

istries, and predictions of failure cast against it both openly and covertly by its
enemies. From one of these reports dated April 5, 1887, and published in
the Pasadena Union, I quote the following passages which show some-
thing of the situation then .

" But sundry special threats have been circulated which it may be well
to report.

' ' While the ordinance was pending a threat was reported as coming
directly from the Los Angeles Liquor Association's attorney, that he would
break down our city charter — show in open court that Pasadena had never
been lawfully incorporated — that all her municipal acts were null and
void — and thus remand her to the sovereignty of the county board of
supervisors again. This, he said, "would knock the stuffing out of all her
damned foolishness on the liquor question." This idle boast fell flat and
limp, as a drunk man falleth.

"2d. They would prosecute those who pledged money in the case for
offering a bribe to the city trustees. This little threat was a child of beer-
mug wisdom, and died of froth on the brain.

" 3d. They would prosecute for damages every man who signed a
pledge of money to enforce that ordinance, as being engaged in a con-
spiracy to destroy the business of a fellow citizen and drive him out of town.
This threat got up a little scare for one or two days ; but six men who
had signed for $100 each, said they would make their pledges $500 right
away if the liquor men would only start in on that game. They didn't
start.

' ' 4th. They will keep on selling liquor in spite of the ordinance
against it, and then see what the city will do. This is the latest word from
the whisky camp, and is probably just about what they will do.

" Of course it does not rest with the saloon keeper here. He is a mere
figure-head, and will have to do whatever the liquor organization at Los
Angeles decides they had better do in this particular case. We know full
well the David-and-Goliah nature of the conflict. It is little Pasadena
against the entire liquor interest of California ; for if Pasadena can drive
the dram shop out of her limits, there are a hundred other towns in the
State ready to take the same step at once. Our people are not going it
blind. They have counted the cost ; they have planted their battle-flag,
and stand firm and steady in solid square around it, ready for the enemy's
attack in front, flank, or rear."

Of course, when the first Monday of May arrived, Mr. Campbell w^ent
on with his saloon, in defiance of the law. He was arrested, tried in the
Pasadena police court, convicted, and sentenced to $100 fine, or imprison-
ment 100 days. C. N. Terry, judge. He appealed his case to the superior
court at Los Angeles, and there it hung for several weeks. The committee
had engaged Williams & McKinley to carry the case, as attorneys for the
people, through the superior court and supreme court for $1,000 ; and after
this was all agreed upon, they showed their faith in the case, in opposition
to the opinions of a large majority of the Los Angeles lawyers, by volun-
tarily giving Dr. Reid a written agreement, that if their position on the
right of the city trustees to prohibit liquor saloons was not sustained by the

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 25 1

supreme court, they would relinquish $500 of their fee. Reardon & Daly
were attorneys for the saloon-keeper. They talked of great confidence in
their case, and other lawyers freely expressed the opinion that "the prohib-
itionists would get beaten out of their boots;" yet in spite of this they
fought shy and pursued a dallying policy, as the following correspondence
shows :

lyos Angeles, Cal., May 26, 1887.
Dr. H. A. Reid,

Dear Sir : — We presume you think we are making slow progress, and
you are certainly right in that presumption. We have been camping with
those fellows from day to day until we are out of patience. They keep
promising to go into court, but always have some little thing which they want
done 3^et. We have notified Reardon & Daly that unless they take the mat-
ter into Court by to-morrow noon we will consider all stipulations at an end
and take our course in the matter. If they do not proceed we will notify
you and the marshal, and let the war go 07i. Our idea will be to put him into
jail and keep him there until released by legal process. We will write you as
soon as we know result. Yours,

Williams & McKinley.

But the very next day the following note was sent: "We got our
habeas corpus case disposed oi pro forma in the Superior Court this morning.
We have had a great amount of trouble and annoyance in getting those
people to do anything, but they came to time at last. W. & McK."

The case now went to the Superior Court ; but that court refused to act
upon it until it had had a full hearing in the L,os Angeles Superior Court,
and so sent it back with an order for Judge Wm. A. Cheney to hear the
case. His decision, rendered July 7, 1887,* fully sustained the law. The
case then went to the supreme court again ; and this body waited their full
limit of time, ninety days after hearing, before rendering their decision.
But when it came [October 31, 1887], the whisky lion of California slunk
back into his den with a very large flea in his ear, for six out of seven of
the supreme judges agreed that the Pasadena ordinance was good bed-rock
law under the constitution of California, and also of the United States.

The Pasadena saloon had been running in full glare all this time,
pending the decision ; but when the result was reported by telegraph the
proprietor did not wait for official notice to be served upon him. He closed
the saloon at once, packed up his outlawed liquors and bar fixtures and
moved out of town before the order of the supreme court could reach the
city officers. A great mass meeting to give thanks and rejoice over this
signal victory was held in the Methodist Church ; and Pasadena then stood
as the first and only town in California which had driven the liquor trade
out of its borders by legal process, fought and sustained through all the
courts. The committee now deemed its work done ; and from a brief run-
ning sketch of the whole matter in the editorial columns of the Valley Ufiion,
I quote a few paragraphs worthy of permanent historic record :

*The arguments on the case were heard June 27, and again June 30.

^52

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

"The Executive Committee which had charge of the work on behalf of
the citizens of Pasadena of outlawing liquor saloons has finished its work
and formally disbanded, as shown by the following resolutions adopted at
their meeting on November i8, 1887 :

Whereas, The special object and purpose for which we were consti-
tuted an Executive Committee on behalf of the citizens of Pasadena has
been fully and successfully accomplished, and funds enough to meet all
financial obligations incurred by us in carrying on our work have been col-
lected, therefore,

Resolved^ That the chairman is instructed to pay the balance of all
claims by proper draft on the treasurer, and to return the Indemnity Pledge
notes to their respective signers. [See list below.]

Resolved, That all funds remaining in our hands as a committee be left
in charge of C. W. Abbott, to co-operate with the city ofiicers in securing
the enforcement of the anti-saloon ordinance.

Resolved, That we now formally dissolve our organization and cease to
exist or be any further in vogue as such committee.

LIST OF THE INDEMNITY NOTE SIGNERS.

NO. OF
NOTB.

NO. OF
NOTE.

Abbott, C. W 2

Allen, Lyman 3

Allen, E. B 72

Allin, John 47

Arnold, Delos 7

Ball, B. F 18

Barnes, Joseph 52

Barber, O. S 46

Beach, Will 37

Bennett, H. G 5

Bresee, Rev. P. F 73

Brown, A. J 62

Cam bell, James 40

Case, H. R 63

Cooley, W. E 36

Converse, Wm 4

Conger, O. H 56

Craig Bros 32

Clarke, J. E 39

Clapp, W. T II

Cole, J.E 71

Chaplin, S 29

Davis, Milton 48

Decker, Z 59

Ehrenfeld , C 55

Evans, E. A ... 33

Evans, W. P 76

Farey, H. N 21

Farris, Ed. E 57

Fisher, D. J.
Fleming, J. H.

74
3«

am't. name.

$100 Galbraith, D 77

100 Glass, J. M 64

25 Green, P. M 20

50 Harris, F. R 31

100 Healy, E. A 69

100 Hopkins, C. T 41

25 Janes, R. K 66

100 Eukens, T. P 16

100 Eyman, G. P 30

100 Eegge, Charles 44

50 Eewis, H. C 61

100 Machin, F. W 49

100 Macomber, H. K 68

100 Magee, H. W 42

25 Mills, A. F 14

100 Miller, E. F 50

100 Meharry, G. E 58

50 McGrew, S. 0 53

100 Nichols, Theron 15

100 Painter, M. D 17

ID Painter, A. J 51

50 Palmateer, S 9

25 Parker, Chas. M 54

10 Proudfit, Rob't R 75

100 Reid H. A 60

25 Rice, B. A 13

25 Riggins & Clark 27

25 Riggins, P. A 35

100 Ripley, C. B 6

5 Skillen, C. M 12

100 Smith, James 28

am't.

100

ID
ICG

25
ID
100
100
100
$100
ICO

25
100
TOO

50
100
100
100

50
100
100
100
100
100
100

10
100

50

25
100
100
100

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 253

NO. OF ,,,,_ ^TA«,^ NO. OF

»,„.„^ AM T. NAME. „ ^^

NOTE. NOTE.

AM'T. NAME. NOTE. '*-'^''^-

Stevens, F. D 8 loo Warren, E. E 70 5

Swartwout, G. A 45 100 Wooster, P. G 34 100

Thomas, G. Roscoe 22 100 Wood, M. E 35 50

Townsend, S i 100 Wright, Amos, 19 100

Thompson, C. C 23 50 Yocum.J. D 26 100

Thompson, WilHel 67 100 Yocum, N. G 25 100

Wallace Bros 10 100 Young, J. B 24 100

Wallace, Joseph 65 100

The total amount thus pledged was $5,935, of which 10 per cent, was
paid when note signed.

" A good many who had signed subscription papers refused to sign in-
dividual notes, and many others could not be found ; so that the above are
the true historic names who stepped to the front and made our legal contest
and victory against saloons possible.

"Those signers expected to pay ten installments, but instead of that
have only had to pay two. This result was gained by Dr. Reid collecting a
total of $109.50 for the cause from the following persons who did not sign
notes but who sympathized with the wark : Peter Sumstine, C. E. Daily,
Dr. J. C. Michener, James Clarke, W. C. Carpenter. J. F. Steen, R. E.
Pinney, I. B. Ivambert, E. H. Michener, W. J. Barcus, W. J. Gos?, A. O.
Porter, James Hewitt, J. F. Church, R. B. Hubbard, and the $17 from the
Williams' Hall meeting."

Several of the above signers when their notes were returned to them
had them framed to preserve as heirlooms in the family. The Union'' s
article, speaking of the Supreme Court decision, further says :

" The opinion of the court was delivered by Justice Patterson, a republi-
can, and concurred in by Searles, (C. J.) Sharpstein, McKinstry, Temple,
Thornton, all democrats, while McFarland, republican, filed a dissenting
opinion."

HOW WAS IT ACCOMPLISHED ?

" The result exceeded the most sanguine hopes of the committee and
their friends, for they had expected the court would stand four to three, or
possibly five to two, but six to 07ie was not dreamed of. This happy result
was due to the fact that, by the most watchful and painstaking care from
the very inception of the movement, the case was gotten into court free
from an}'- technical questions or side issues, so that the court had nothing be-
fore it but the one plain question of law — has Pasadena a lawful right to
prohibit liquor saloons, or has she not ? It took a vast deal of discreet con-
sultation, skillful management, patience, forbearance, faith and forecast to
secure and hold the case in this shape ; but it won at last, and so settled the
matter for the whole State. ' '

HOW MUCH MONEY ?

"January 23, 1887, the first committee was appointed, with Dr. H. A.
Reid as chairman, to carry on this work ; and from that time until now the
citizens of Pasadena have contributed a total of $1310.80 for this special
cause. Every item of the expense account was carefully audited by the
committee in quorum session, before being paid. It has been a hard battle,
well fought and nobly won."

254 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

So much for the Valley Union newspaper at the time. But the Pasa-
dena Siar had from the first cast slurs and contempt on the movement, and
predicted failure ; hence it had nothing to say except ' ' we are surprised at
the result." And that was not the only " result ; " for the San Francisco
Chro?iicle reports, up to July i, 1894, five counties that have carried the
Pasadena ordinance, namely : Modoc, Sutter, Lake, Riverside and Hum-
boldt— and nine others which had already made strong moves in that
direction — all as a historic following of the pioneer work done by Pasadena
in 1887. In fact, that contest and its outcome gave Pasadena a more wide-
spread fame and permanent historic prestige than anj'thing else which has
ever occurred in her history except the building of the Mount Lowe Electric
Railroad.

So Pasadena waked up one morning and found herself without any
saloon, and was happy. But this did not last long ; for verj^ soon certain
restaurants and drug stores began doing a saloon business ' ' on the sly ' ' at
first, but finally in open, bold defiance of the law ; and it began to appear
also that some men who had signed the petition for the ordinance were,
at heart, opposed to it — but believing it would be beaten in the courts, any-
way, had joined in the call for it ; and now that it was fully sustained as
good California law, they were ready and hot to break it down and make it
prove a failure after all. And I find on the police court records the follow-
ing liquor cases :*

November 2, 1887, John Senich. Jury trial. Found guilty. Fined
$100. Paid fine. [The same day three other cases against the same man
were dismissed. The law makes the sales of one day one offence ; and he
had been charged with selling liquor on four different days — but the one
conviction was deemed sufficient at that time. — Ed.]

April 30, 1888, John B. Dolan. Jury trial. Case Dismissed. [It was
proved that it was Dolan 's wife, not himself, who sold the liquor — although
with his connivance and that of his mother-in-law and a certain negro man.
A warrant was issued the next morning for Mrs. Dolan ; but the whole
family, negro and all, had fled the city during the night, and never came
back. — Ed.]

May 23 to 25, 1888. Peter Steil. Jury trial. Found guily. Fined
$150. Case appealed. [But it was never carried up to a higher court.]f

The liquor element was now fairly aroused to try and break down the
ordinance. Peter Steil, by advice of certain lawyers, went on selling liquor

*The city police court record from April 25 to Nov. 25, 1.SS7, shows a total of 134 cases tried within
that time ; and of these cases 121 were arrests for being: "drunk and disorderly," and seven were vari-
ous violations of city ordinances bj' liquor sellers— leaving onlv six cases in the seven months, or only
4^ per cent, of the criminal business of the city that was not directly caused by liquor sellers.

fThis case presented a ver5' curious and anomalous state of affairs. Pasadena as a voting precinct
was strongly Republican. There were two daily papers, both claiming to be Republican, yet the Union
was at this lime chiefly owned by three leading Democrats, W. U. Masters, R. M. Furlong and Bayard
T. Smith, and edited by Dr. John McCoy ; and all four of them were proved to have bought and drank
beer which Mr. Steil sold in violation of the law. he being also a strong Democrat, and a believer in his
party's distinctive doctrine, known as the "anti-sumptuary" plank. The daily .S/a?- also, although pre-
tending to be a Republican paper, supported this Democratic party doctrine, in opposition to the courts.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 255

at his restaurant, under pretense of his ' ' appeal ' ' case in court still pend-
ing, and also that restaurants had a right to serve liquors with meals, any-
way. The original private "agreement " as to the Carlton Hotel [see pages
243-44] now came up with a barb on it ; for the claim was made, and rightlj^
too, that if a "first-class" hotel might furnish liquor with meals, anybody
else selling meals might do the same thing. The law could not discrimin-
ate in favor of any particular " class" of houses or price of meals. And
thus things went on from bad to worse until August 6, 1888, when another
great mass meeting was held to consider the situation and decide what
should be done. The gauntlet which had been thrown down by violators
of the law was taken up with vim and earnestness ; an enforcement cam-
paign was here started, which met with organized resistance from those who
favored legalizing for a high pj^ice the sale of liquors ; the conflict went on
for months, and thus came to be characterized as the "Whisky War"
period.

CHAPTER XIII.

The Whisky War. — Enforcement Committee. — Progressive League — Petition for
Licensed Saloons. — City Election Contest. — Ordinance Changed. — Violations Con-
tinue.— Cases in Court.

THE WHISKY WAR.

With the appointment of an Enforcement Committee at the great mass
meeting in the Tabernacle commenced the period historically known as
"The Whisky War in Pasadena." Those in favor of maintaining and en-
forcing the city's prohibitory ordinance now organized for vigorous action,
and moved at once on the enemy's works, where the law had been violated
either openly or secretly for several months. In regard to this historic
Tabernacle meeting and its work, I here quote from a public document en-
titled "The Whisky War in Pasadena," which was published in vSep-
tember — -an edition of 2,000 copies:

THE mass meeting.

On Monday evening, August 6, 1888, a mass meeting of about 1,000
citizens of Pasadena assembled in the Tabernacle to take action against the
liquor outlawry in this city. The meeting was called to order by Col. W. A.
Ray, chairman of the committee of arrangements. On motion of Dr.
O. H. Conger, Hon. P. M. Green was elected chairman of the meeting.
Theo. Coleman, city editor of the Daily Star, was elected secretary. On
motion of Dr. Lyman Allen, it was voted that a committee of five be ap-
pointed by the chair to prepare resolutions expressing the sense of this
meeting, and to nominate a committee of substantial business men to carry
them into effect. The chair appointed Rev. D. D. Hill, pastor of the First
Congregational church, J. M. Glass, president Pasadena Electric Light Co.,
T. J. Martin, Dr. H. A. Reid, and H. N. Farey as such committee.

256 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

After a long absence (during which speeches were made in the meeting
by prominent citizens), the committee reported as follows :

THK RESOLUTIONS.

Whereas, Our city's anti-saloon ordinance is being violated both
openly and covertly, and also one or more wholesale liquor stores are pre-
paring to force themselves upon us, contrary to the spirit and intent and
plain purport of our law, therefore,

1 . Resolved, That we are emphatically in favor of maintaining and
enforcing Pasadena's anti-saloon ordinance without change, just as it was
when passed upon and sustained by the supreme court of California.

2. Resolved, That we pledge our influence and moral support, and
financial aid if necessary, to the trustees and officers of the city in their ef-
forts to enforce the law against all violators, and that we urge them to pro-
ceed at once with such enforcement.

3. Resolved, That this is not a question of any political party's doc-
trines or methods, but purely a question of whether a lawful majority of
the people shall be permitted to make and enforce the laws in Pasadena, or
whether a few shall be allowed to set the laws at defiance and bring repub-
lican government into contempt.

4. Resolved, That we regard every place in Pasadena where intoxi-
cating liquors are dispensed contrary to law, as an infamous invasion of our
territory by a foreign foe : as a nesting-place of anarchy and outlawry ; as
in flagrant defiance of the very ground principles of republican govern-
ment. And against any and all such we declare unremitting war.

5. Resolved, That the aiders, abettors and supporters of such places,
whether openly or secretly, are allies of the common enemy, and are help-
ing to destroy the peace and safety of our homes, the value of our propert5^
the good name of our city, and the rights of local government.

6. Resolved, That we regard the threatened opening of wholesale
liquor houses in Pasadena as an open declaration of purpose to break down
the moral prestige of Pasadena as an anti-saloon city, and that we organize
at once for a resolute resistance.

7. Resolved. That as Monrovia, Riverside, Elsinore, Compton, lyong
Beach, South Pasadena, L,ompoc, Orange, and other cities have adopted the
Pasadena anti-saloon law, and are sharers with us in the common danger,
therefore we signal to these sister towns that we are "holding the fort,"
and by God's help we propose to hold it till the last rum hole is driven from
our borders ; and we call upon them to never let their anti-saloon standard
be lowered.

We would also nominate the following committee, with the recommend-
ation that they be empowered to raise, hold and disburse a fund to be known
as the " Enforcement Fund," and to co-operate with the city authorities in
the enforcement of our prohibitory ordinance: Dr. H. A. Reid, Hon. P.
M. Green, Geo. A. Swartwout, Col. W. A. Ray, Prof. C. M. Parker, I. B.
Clapp, C. H. Converse, F. D. Stevens, Joseph Barnes, P. G. Wooster, C. C.
Reynolds, Geo. C. Hubbard.

Dexter D. Hill. T. J. Martin.

J. M. Glass. H. A. Reid.

H. N. Farey. Committee.

The report was adopted by a unanimous rising vote, amid rounds ot

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 257

applause. And in about ten minutes canvassing, names were signed for
various sums amounting in all to over $2,000, payable in ten per cent install-
ments, as an " Enforcement Fund." Much more has been added by persons
who were not at the meeting.

THE ENFORCEMENT COMMITTEE.

This committee is constituted as follows :

Dr. H. a. Reid, representing the W. C. T. U. at their special request.*

Hon. p. M. Green, President First National Bank.

Geo. a. Swartwout, Manager Pasadena National Bank.

Col. W. a. Ray, President San Gabriel Valley Bank.

Prof. Chas. M. Parker, President Y. M. C. A.

I. B. Clapp, orange grower, representing the Congregational Church.

C. H. Converse, capitalist, representing the Presbyterian Church.
' F. D. Stevens, of Stevens Hardware Co., representing the M. E. Church.

Joseph Barnes, grocer, representing the Baptist Church.

P. G. WoosTER, capitalist, representing the Universalist Church.

C. C. Reynolds, Reynolds Bros., undertakers, representing the Friends
Church.

Geo. C. Hubbard, of H. N. Farey & Co. printing house, representing
the Christian Church,

[These men have all been formally approved and authorized by the
several churches to represent them in the work of this committee.]

EXECUTIVE BOARD.

The committee organized by electing Dr. H. A. Reid, chairman ; C. C.
Reynolds, secretary, and Col. W. A. Ray, treasurer. The board of officers,
with the addition of F. D. Stevens and Joseph Barnes, were appointed to act
as an Executive Board, on behalf of the general committee and the several
churches and other organizations which they represent.

The battle was now fairly joined. A series of promissory notes was
prepared, which recited on their face these words :

"Whereas, A certain 'Ordinance for Police Regulation' within the
City of Pasadena, which excludes liquor saloons, and other things of vicious,
immoral, or dangerous character, is being violated, and contested at law ;

And Whereas, A Fund has been pledged for the purpose of aiding the
City Authorities in the enforcement of said law, to which I subscribed the

sum of $ , therefore, in consideration of said pledge, and that the funds

so raised shall be used as may be found necessary, to defray expenses of
such enforcement,

I promise to pay, on demand, to the duly authorized Treasurer of said En-
forcement Fund, ten per ce7it of m,y sicbscription ; and also in like manner an
additional ten per cent from time to time as necessity may arise, to carry out the
object and intent of said pledge. ' '

* Note. Pasadena, Cal., Aug. 3, 1888.

Dr. H. a. Reid — Dear Sir and Brother:

The Philistines are upon us. The liquor men are moving with a strong hand to force their dreadful
traffic upon unwilling Pasadeua. Fervent Prayer, strong Faith, and bold, prompt Work, are the call of
the hour. With God's help, you led the work and won success in Pasadena's former struggle against
the saloons, and now we prayerfully and trustfully ask you and appoint you to act for the Woman's
Christian Temperance Union, in the same work again, for God and home and native land.

Mrs. O. S. Barber, Pres't. Mrs. C. H. Durant, Ass't Supt. Evangelistic Work.

Mrs. C. M. Parker, Sec'y. Mrs. M. C. Lord, Press Sup't.

Mrs. Katie H. Keese, Treas. Jennie G. Monfort, Pres't Y. W. C. T. U.

Mrs. Rachel F. Reid, Vice-Pres't-at-large. Eva Landreth, Rec. Sec'y Y. W. C. T. U.

Mrs. C. N. Terry, Sup't Evangelistic Work. Fannie I. Brent, Cor. Sec'y Y. W. C. T. U.

17

258

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The following is a list of the signers, and amounts of these notes —
ninety-six in all, and amounting to a total sum of $2,770 :

Name. No. of Note. Amt. Name. No. of Note. Amt.

Abbott, C. W 42 $ 50 Hubbard, Geo. C 28 10

100 Hubbard, R. B 63 10

25 I. O. G. T. (by J. W. Sed-

Allen, lyyman 17

Allin, John 33

Ball, B. F 48

Baldwin, A. E 66

Barber, O. S 43

Barnes, Joseph 26

Band of Hope (by C. B.

Gray, supt.) 96

Bennett, H. G 8

Bent, H. K. W 9

Blakeslee, Elizabeth 74

Burdick, F. H 70

Caldwell, R. M 69

Cambell, James 35

Carnahan, D. S 27

Carpenter, W. C 50

Carter, W. L 67

Case, C. Iv 82

Chapin, E. P 53

Church, J. F 68

Clapp, W. T 84

Clark, F. E 54

Clark, Fredk. K, 44

Clark, S. A. D 6

Conger, Dr. O. H i

Conger, H. M., prest 24

Curtis, Delia 85

Dagman, E. P 80

Daily, Carmi E 55

Dilworth, Benj 93

Doolittle, Mrs. S. H 72

Dyer, H 46

Evans, E. D 57

Evans, Wm. Penn 61

Farey, H. N 15

Fleming, J. H 32

Furlong, Thos. W 79

Galbraith, D 21

Glass, J. M 20

Goodwin, Mrs. H. F 87

Goodwin, H. F 88

Gray, C. B 81

Green, P. M 39

Grifiith, E 78

Habbick, John 77

Harris, C. E 45

Harris, F. R 7

Hazzard, Geo 25

Houlahan, D. J 71

1 00 wick) 18

5 James, Smith 91

20 Keese, S. 1 92

25 Kernaghan, Geo. F 65

lyadies' Un. Prayer Meet-

5 ing (by Mrs. F. H.

25 Burdick) 73

25 Martin, T. J 30

10 McGrew, S. 0 31

50 McEean, D. R 19

5 Meharry, Geo. E 3

25 Meyers, M. M 37

ID Michener, E- H 38

20 Mills, A. F 14

25 Mundell, I. N 83

50 Nelmes, Thos 64

10 Nichols, A. E 51

10 Palmateer, S 34

25 Parker, C. M 41

10 Pierce, E. T 86

ID Pinney, H. J 94

5 Raymond, W. H 62

100 Reid, H. A 11

50 Reynolds Bros 56

10 Rice, Benj. A 29

5 Ripley, C. B 52

5 Shoup, J. G 4

25 Smith, James 13

10 Stackhouse, J. B 5

10 Stevens, F. D 58

5 Strong, A. F. M 16

25 Sturdevant, C. V 10

50 Taylor, George 76

25 Tebbetts, C. E 60

5 Thomas, G. Roscoe 2

50 Vesper, A. E 95

10 Wallace, Joseph ., 59

20 Wallace, Bros 47

20 W. C. T. U. (by Katie

5 Keese, treas.) 36

100 Wood, Henry 40

15 Wooster, P. G 75

5 Wright, Amos 22

10 Wright, Eulu 23

25 Yocum, J. D 90

10 Young, J. B 89

25

25

25

10

100

25
15
25
20

50

ID
ID

100
25

5
10

50
50
10

5
25
25
25
25
50
50
100
10

25
50
25
5
25
100

5
100

50

25

25

100

5
5

ID
25

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 259

August 15 a meeting of the committee was held, to hear a report from
its chairman, who had been specially appointed and instructed to go ahead
and carry out the resolutions adopted at the mass meeting of August 6, and
the openly declared purpose of the Enforcement Fund Notes. He said to
the committee :

" Eight days ago you appointed me chairman of your committee to en-
force City Ordinance No. 45. I laid out our plan of campaign to whip
these liquor outlaws so thoroughly that we will have no further trouble
with them, except as we do with sneak thieves, blacklegs, prostitutes, and
other sly and scaly law-breakers. And I have called you together this
morning to report progress. "

He then stated that he had been to lyos Angeles and consulted*with the
U. S. district attorney, Geo. Dennis, Esq., and the U. S. revenue collector,
Mr. Ed. Gibson ; and under the latter' s instructions he had filed in the
revenue office on August 14 a statement as to violators of the United States
law in Pasadena, as follows :

Henry Beeste — Been selling beer. No U. S. revenue license.

Arthur Allen — Been selling malt beer under name of "birch beer."
No revenue license [U. S. tax receipt] shown.

Terry & Hepburn, Xq.s&^^'S, oi 'CnQ. Carlton Hotel — Been selling wine
and whisky. No U. S. revenue license stamp shown in their place of busi-
ness, * and they refused to show any when asked to do so.

John Senich — Been selling wine, whisky and beer. No revenue license
shown.

Mrs . John Ziegler — Been selling beer. No revenue license.

Peter Steil — Selling beer. No revenue license shown.

Webb & Sazvyer — Selling beer. No revenue license shown.

The chairman further reported that upon consultation and agreement
with the city trustees, in accordance with resolutions No. 2 and No. 7, and
the Enforcement Fund Notes, he had employed the city attorney, F. J.
Policy, Esq., to act also as attorney for this committee. f He had engaged
the services of a regular and lawfully established detective agency. He
had engaged Williams & McKinley of Los Angeles (the original attorneys on
this ordinance) to counsel with our attorney and detectives. He had engaged
the professor of chemistry at the University of Southern California, Prof.
E. R. Shrader, to make a legal test analysis of any falsely-named liquors
that might be contested in court as non-alcoholic. And he closed with this
sentence :

"Gentlemen, we are now ready to move on the enemy's works all along

*He had shown to the committee that if any liquor seller had a U. S. revenue tax receipt, but did
not keep it " placed conspicuously in his place of business,^' he was violating the United States law as well
as the city law.

tAugust 8, 18S8. " Moved and supported that the city attorney be and is hereby instructed to
prosecute all violations of ordinance No. 45, when in his judgment there is evidence enough to warrant
such prosecution." — | City clerk's records.^

26o HISTORY OF PASADENA.

the line ; and if any of them want to appeal to higher courts we are ready
to go right along with them, clear through to the United States supreme
court if necessary."

The report was formally received, adopted, and ordered placed on file.
After the committee adjourned, the newspaper men got wind of this report
and went to the secretary demanding a copy. It was furnished, and they
published the whole business. Then there was fire and fury and bloody
vengeance in the air, around all the liquor camps. Dr. O. H, Conger, who
had signed an Enforcement Note for $ioo, said facetiously, " I guess hell's
broke loose ! I think I can smell brimstone along the streets !"

Within a week the committee had evidence and witnesses ready to
prosecute twenty-three cases of violation of the ordinance. But now the
attorney discovered that the ordinance was utterly null — wasn't worth the
paper it was written on ; for in its original enactment four specific require-
ments of the state law in regard to such procedure had not been properly
complied with. It had not been formally put upon its passage and then
waited the "legal" time before being finally passed. It had not been
"legally" enrolled in the Ordinance Book. Printer's affidavit to its pub-
lication had not been "legally" made and placed on file. It had not
been ' ' legally ' ' signed by the President of the City Board of Trustees.
The city attorney and city clerk then in service were unfriendly to the or-
dinance ; yet it is generous to presume that it was ignorance, carelessness
and indifference combined, rather than design on their part, that caused these
fatal omissions in details which it was their ofiicial duty to look after. At
any rate, the committee and its attorney were now obliged to stop all pro-
ceedings, abandon their accumulated evidence, wait till the ordinance could
be re-enacted, and then commence anew by getting new evidence after the
ordinance had been passed again in manner as required by the state law.
However, they met the emergency without flinching, and submitted the fol-
lowing document to the city council :

To the Honorable, the Board of Trustees of the City of Pasadena:

Genti^Emen: We, the undersigned committee duly appointed by the
people of Pasadena to act for them, find that the violators of ordinance 45
claim they can defeat it in court on some technical informality in its original
enactment — a point of law on which attorneys differ, and which might lead
to long and fruitless litigation. We therefore request, in order to place this
matter beyond a perad venture or the hair's-breadth of a doubt, that you
have said ordinance re-introduced and put upon its course of re-enactment,
whenever in your judgment you think best; so that this last possible hope
of those who have set themselves to violate the law may be deprived of the
least vestige of even a technical quibble to stand upon.
September 3, 1888. Signed,

H. A. Reid (acting by appointment for the W. C. T. U.).

Joseph Barnes (acting by appointment for the Baptist church).

Frank D. Stevens (acting by appointment for the M. E. church).

DIVISION THREK — BRAINS. 26 1

P. M. Grekn (president First National Bank).

W. Aug. Ray (president San Gabriel Valley Bank).

I. B. Clapp (acting by appointment for the Congregational

church).
I. J. Reynolds (for C. C. Reynolds ; acting by appointment of

the Friends church).
Geo. C. Hubbard (acting by appointment for the Christian

church).
P. G. WoosTER (acting b^' appointment for the Universalist

church).
C. M. Parker (acting by appointment for the Y. M. C. A.).
G. A. SwARTwouT (manager Pasadena National Bank).
C. H. Converse (acting by appointment for the Presbyterian

church).

The council was not averse to re-enacting the ordinance, word for word,
as it had been sustained by the supreme court ; yet it was not until Septem-
ber 15 that this could be properly effected. And the liquor men, not know-
ing of the defectiveness of the ordinance, had already gotten up a petition
which claimed to have 513 lawful signers to it, and reading thus :

"We, the undersigned citizens of Pasadena, county of Los Angeles,
and State of California, believing the present ordinance No. 45 to be detri-
mental to the best interests of this city, do respectfully petition your honor-
able body to call an election at an early day, of the voters of this city to
vote on the question of the repeal of said ordinance No. /5, and the adop-
tion in the place thereof of an ordinance to regulate the sale of intoxicat-
ing liquors by the high license system "; etc.

This petition had been referred to the judiciary committee of the City
Council — and while it was held under consideration, the Enforcement Com-
mittee by its chairman made the following points or suggestions, during
various personal interviews with regard to it :

I St. The petition and its signers' names ought to be published so that
all citizens concerned may see whether the signers are all voters and tax-
payers here or not. The original petitioners for the ordinance did this at
their own expense ; and these petitioners against it ought to be put to the
same test.

2d. The original petitioners for the ordinance pledged money in bank
to indemnify the city against any expense which might arise from the
granting of their petition. These high license petitioners had asked the
city to incur the expense of a special election. They should be required to
put up the money themselves, just as the other petitioners were.

3d. Such an election would be a non-statutory affair, not governed by
any law of the state ; and hence any amount of fraudulent voting could be
practiced, without any recourse at law to prevent or punish it.

4th. The question of maintaining ordinance No. 45 was distinctly in
issue at the last city election, and the present council was elected on a plat-
form in favor of its maintenance. Hence, by our republican system of gov-
ernment, that policy has a right to stand in full force until the next lawful
city election.

262 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

In accordance with the first point, the petition and appended names
was published at city's expense [the getters up of it were strongly opposed
to its publication] in the Daily Unio?i of September 8, 1888 — the Unioji
being at that time the official paper of the city. It was then discovered
that the names of O. H. Conger and James Smith were on it, although both
of them had signed notes of $100 for the enforcement fund — yet these
names had been shown around by solicitors for this petition as proof that
the original supporters of the ordinance had changed in favor of "high
license ;" and thereby some were influenced to sign it who otherwise would
not have done so. Dr. Conger and Mr. Smith took prompt measures to in-
vestigate this outrage upon their names and personal honor y'- and it was
found that a Los Angeles carpenter named James Smith, who happened to be
in Pasadena on a three weeks' job, had signed his name to it.f The other
case was another Conger whose initials happened to be so nearly the same
as the Doctor's that they were easily mistaken and misprinted for his.

These frauds becoming known, led two men, T. J. Martin and Merritt
Allen, without any knowledge of each other, to go through the whole list
of names and carefully compare thern with the Great Register ; and they
found signed to this liquor license petition 160 names that were not lawful
voters in Pasadena — most of them not even in the county, although a few
names were found belonging to other precincts and to Dos Angeles city. The
petition was finally reported from the judiciary committee to committee of
the whole. On November 13, the committee of the whole reported ad-
versely to calling any such election, and this report was duly adopted in
regular session that day. Meanwhile, however, on September 15, 1888, the
anti-saloon ordinance had been re-enacted as No. 125, " by the votes of
Trustees M. M. Parker, A. G. Throop, Stephen Townsend, Edson Turner,
and J. B. Young — unanimous."

During these weeks there was a concentrated effort to break down the
chairman of the committee in his personal character and good name, so that
he was frequently obliged to make reply through the press, in denial of
some false report published. There were then five papers here pitted against
the ordinance — Xho^ Daily Star, Daily Union, and Weekly O'zVzV of Pasadena;
and the Daily Times and Daily Tribune of Dos Angeles which both had
regular staff reporters here. Thus every foolish, malicious or false imputa-
tion against him which was concocted in the drinking places, billiard rooms
and cigar stands, was eagerly caught up by the reporters, in their zeal each
to get into print first with the latest sensation ; and thus it carce about, that
no matter what the committee did do, or did not do, their position and action
and purposes were constantly misrepresented and falsified and sensationalized

*In the Daily Star of Sept. ii, 1888, Dr. Conger offered a reward of $100 for evidence to convict the
forger of his name to this document.

t'rhe city records show that twice afterward this same James Smith was arrested as "drunk and
disorderly," plead guilty, and paid a fine of $5. See Recorder's Book No. i, cases 76 and 206.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 263

to the reading public — and this had much to do with the number of names
signed to the "high license" petition. This vicious policy culminated at
last in a boldly slanderous article by W. H. Storms, city editor of the Daily
Union, against Dr. Reid as chairman of the committee. Dr. Reid went
directly to Mr. Storms in person, assuring him of the falsity of the accusations,
and asked on whose authority he made the statements. Mr. Storms de-
clined to give an}^ name. And' the next day the following document was
formally served upon the "Union Publishing Co. : " 1

To the Proprietors or Stockholders of the ^' Union Publishing Company'''' of
Pasadena, California :

Gentlemen : — Your paper, the Pasadena Daily Union, of date Sep-
tember 4, 1888, makes certain grave accusations against me as chairman of
the "Enforcement Committee," with this declaration — "and which, if
necessary, we are prepared to prove.''''

Gentlemen, that article is libelous, is slanderous, is scandalously false.
It is injurious and damaging to me in person. And it is due to myself — it
is due to the twelve reputable business men who constitute the " Enforce-
ment Committee ' ' and made me their chairman — it is due to the seven
large churches and other organizations which that committee represents —
that your editor's pretended proofs should be produced to us at once, or else
that the slanderous article be retracted through your editorial columns in as
broad, unqualified and public a manner as the accusations were made.

This I require, both on my own behalf and on behalf of the churches
and people whom I represent.

Respectfully, H. A. Reid,

Dated September 6, 1888. Chairman Enforcement Committee.

We consider Dr. Reid 's requirement above to be reasonable and just —
that the proofs which the editor of the Union claims to have, should be
produced at once, or else the accusations be retracted as unqualifiedly and
publicly as they were made.
Signed :

Reynolds Bros., Lyman Allen, G. A. Swartwout,

O. H. Conger, A. K. McQuilling, J. H. Fleming,

B. F. Ball, J. M. Glass, P. M. Green,

Delos Arnold, D. Galbraith, W. T. Clapp,

F. R. Harris & Co., W. Aug. Ray, M. D. Painter,

G. E. Meharry, H. G. Bennett, Henry N. Farey,
Stevens Hardware Co. H. D. Bennett, L,. C. Winston.

The name of informant was still withheld, but ample proof promised
very soon ; so that evening's paper contained an affidavit from one John
Gorthy, a drunken loafer then temporarily in the city, who had reported an
interview, false in every detail, which he pretended to have had with Dr.
Reid. The next morning Dr. Reid got L. C. Winston, notary public, to go
and procure statements under oath from E. H. Hyde and A. A. Chubb, who
were present all of the time on the only occasion that said Reid had ever
seen John Gorthy. [The statement of Geo. Hazzard, who had also been
present, was procured some days later.] And the result was that John

264 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Gorthy was proved to be a liar, a slanderer and a perjurer — and he left the
city forthwith. The same paper which contained Gorthy's drunken im-
aginings, sworn to as fact, contained also a lot of falsehoods about the Carlton
hotel case, in which the committee had been the means of detecting its lessees
in selling whisky by the bottle and sent to private rooms, besides other out-
lawry going on there. The lessee had given a bond agreeing to get all his
liquors out of town within three days, and riot sell any more liquors during
♦ the life of this bond (six months), under penalty of five hundred dollars.
The city attorney had granted him his own free choice, to sign this bond, or
go on trial and take the chances of what the court and j ury would give him ;
and he chose the bond. The committee was thus prevented ironi making
public its evidence, and this left the field open for the most unconscionable
falsehoods to be put forth about the case. This open field was industriously
worked for months afterwards ; and these falsehoods were publicly repeated
on the liquor side in the city campaign of 1890 — nineteen months later.
But at that time, in a public meeting in Williams Hall, April 8, 1890, A. R.
Metcalfe, Esq., being called out, made an able speech defending the city
council then in office, in reply to false accusations against them ; and in-
cidentally he alluded to this Carlton hotel case. The lyos Angeles Tribune
and the Pasadena Star both reported his speech, and I quote from them the
passage referring to this particular case. Tribune' s report :

" The trouble is not with the law. I understand that great stress
has been laid on the fact that the Carlton hotel was closed under the
provisions of this ordinance. I say boldly, the Carlton hotel should have
been closed. It would cause the blush of shame to mount the cheek of any
gentleman in this room if he knew all that went on there ; and if the Web-
ster or Acme should have such scenes enacted in them, I would favor closing
them also."

Star's report: " The prosecution of the Carlton hotel proprietors was
referred to as having been one of the best things ever done in the city, for it wotild
bring the blush oj shame to any man's cheek to know what scandalous tlmigs
went 071 ill that hotel."

This was the first recognition or acknowledgement ever made in a
public way of the good work done by the enforcement committee in that
case ; while on the other hand they had borne for nineteen months the
grossest misrepresentation and most vindictive contumely both at home
and abroad, on account of it. And the lives of members of the detective
agency were so virulently threatened that they had to leave town. One very
prominent citizen said, " They ought to have been tarred and feathered ! "
Another said of the chairman, " O, we'll make it so d — d red hot for that
fellow that he can't stay in this country ! "* Another, shaking a fist in his
face, said, " We can put up ten thousand dollars to beat you! We have
plenty of backing in Los Angeles and San Francisco ! ' ' Another said,

*This man was a foreigner ; had then been only six years naturalized.

DIVISION THRKK — BRAINS. 265

"We're going to see to it that you shan't enforce it." Another said,

"We'll show you up to be the d dest liar in all this country ! " Another

said, "He helped to ruin Iowa, and now he's come here to ruin this
country ! " These were all prominent, well-known citizens at that time,
and members of the "Progressive I^eague," but it would not be proper to
give the names here. Yet these are only a few sample instances of what
that committee had to undergo. Nevertheless, it went right on with its
work of aiding the city officers in detecting and prosecuting liquor selling
outlaws.

In September, 1888, a strong effort was made to commit the Board of
Trade as an organized body in opposition to the prohibitory ordinance ; but
this did not succeed ; and the next historic move was the organization of a
"Progressive League," so-called, to fight the ordinance and all its sup-
porters, on the basis of the high license saloon petition, an account of which
I have already given. On October 20, 1888, a mass meeting of this
"lycague " was held on an out-door public assembly ground then known as
Haymarket Square. Justus Brockway served as chairman ; W. P. Hyatt,
then democratic deputy district attorney, was secretary ; and there were
called to the platform a list of twenty-seven vice-presidents. A series of
resolutions was adopted, misrepresenting the action of the city council in
regard to the saloon petition, and denouncing it as "an arbitrary and tyran-
nical exercise of power and in derogation of the right of petition."
Numerous speeches were made in virulent denunciation of the city council
and the Enforcement Committee. But the whole situation was summed up
in a brief speech toward the last by B. A. O'Neil, one of the most active
and earnest workers of the League, who boldly and frankly said :

" There is no need of long speeches. It's saloons we want, and saloons
we're going to have ; and we're g-oing to have good ones, too."

Full reports of the meeting, with its array of vice-presidents, officers,
speakers, resolutions, committees, etc., were published in the daily papers
the next day ; and if the reader wishes to see further about it he can find it
in their files for that year. On October 27, a committee from the League,
consisting of B. A. O'Neil, W. U. Masters, and M. H. Weight, visited the
city council, with complaints and demands in regard to their petition for
licensed saloons. I was present, and heard the whole proceedings. Their
claims and grievances were heard respectfully, and on every point were
shown to be erroneous. The city council then consisted of Prof. M. M.
Parker, Hon. A. G. Throop, Kdson Turner, Stephen Townsend, and J. B.
Young, who severally showed that the petition had been referred to the
judiciary committee, and had in every respect taken the regular and lawful
course customary and proper in all such cases. There were legal questions
as to the validity of such an election ; and a new Great Register for the
county was being prepared ; and other points to investigate, which made

266 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

more time necessary ; and final action was not taken on the matter until
November 13. At this date I find in the city clerk's records that Committee
of the Whole made a formal report on the petition for saloon license elec-
tion, reciting at considerable length reasons for denying petition. The re-
port was unanimously adopted and made of record. The points covered
were in substance as follows :

ist. Present board elected on pledges to maintain ordinance No. 45.

2d. The claim that public sentiment has changed on the saloon ques-
tion since April 9 last, is not warranted by facts.

3d. Not advisable to engage in another election so soon after the strife,
contention and excitement of a national election.

4th. It is the purpose of the board in proper time to submit the ques-
tion of change of city charter ; and the saloon question would then be one
of the questions involved.

The next historic move on this line was the starting of the Pasade?ia
Standard, December 22, 1888, by Dr. Reid. The work of the committee
which he headed was so constantly misrepresented, falsified and traduced
both at home and abroad by the daily newspapers, that he was compelled in
self-defense to start a paper of his own. This he did, and kept it up for
seventeen months — or until May 3, 1890, after the city election of that
year. [See page 218.]

There is abundant material pertaining to Pasadena's "Whisky War,"
from 1875 to 1894, to make a large and interesting volume of itself. But I
could give in this work only a few of the more prominent historic way-
marks along the line of years, or within the most active months of the long
campaign. However, I give names, dates, references, documents, news-
paper citations, etc., so that any one wishing to investigate the matter more
critically can know where to find information at first hand.

The misrepresentations of the newspapers, both at home and abroad,
in regard to the situation in Pasadena were kept up so persistently, and be-
came so annoying to the council and other ofiicers, that they at last put
forth this document, each point of which was necessary to officially contro-
vert some widely published falsehood :

Pasadena, Cal., March 14, 1889.

Whereas, P'alse reports have been circulated by the I^os Angeles and
other newspapers in regard to the prohibitory or anti-saloon law of Pasa-
dena, we hereby state, for the information of all people who care to know,
the following facts in the case :

I St. There is no open saloon within the city limits of Pasadena,
though there probably are a few places where liquor is sold "on the sly."

2d. The law against saloons is as well enforced as the laws against
other forms of vice. ,

3d. The city authorities have never given permission to any hotel to
keep a bar or sell liquor ; and there is no hotel in the city keeping a bar.

4th. If any persons in the cit}^ are selling liquors otherwise than in ac-
cordance with the provision made for legitimate drug stores, they are doing

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 267

it as outlaws, and are liable at any time to be detected and dealt with as
outlaws.

5th. Our last city election was a very decided majority expression in
favor of the law as it is, for every officer elected was pledged to maintain it ;
and there is general satisfaction with the law among our best citizens.
There is no intention of repealing it. Signed,

M. M. Parker, president city council.

A. G. Throop, member city council.

S. TowNSEND, member city council.

A. McIyEAN, member city council.

J. B. Young, member city council.

James H. Cambell, city clerk.

I. N. MUNDEI.L, city marshal.

P. A. V. Van DorEn, city recorder [police judge].

Frank J. Polley, city attorney.

' The Enforcement Committee continued its work in strict accordance
with the resolutions of August 6, 1888, and the object set forth in the En-
forcement Fund notes. More than a dozen cases of violation of the law
reported by the regular police officers had to be dismissed without prose-
cution, for want of such precise and exact evidence regarding date, place,
time of day, who sold, who bought, how dispensed, proof as to name or kind
of liquor, etc. , as was necessary to meet and withstand the technical catch-
points raised by attorneys in defense of the parties arrested. This made it
necessary to employ detectives. The men of the regularly established detec-
tive agency, as I explained before, and also one regular policeman who
made the case against John Dolan, had been driven out of town by the
hoodlum element ; but others came forward from time to time [ten in all] to
meet the emergency.* One of these was beaten, gouged, seriously injured,
and driven away. Another's life was threatened ; and once a pistol was
drawn upon him, but he also whisked a revolver out from his hip pocket
and got an aim first, and his assailant wilted — afterward plead guilty to
whisky selling, paid a fine, and left town. Two of the detectives were ar-
raigned on fallacious charges, and compelled to stand trial at some other
place, on pretense of the liquor men that a fair trial could not be had in
Pasadena. So a jury trial of the case was held at Garvanza ; and the two

k

*Nov. 10. 188S ; "Moved and supported that the marshal and the attorney be instructed to use aU •
due vigilance to enforce ordinance No. 125 [same as orignal No. 45], and every violation of said ordinance
to be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. ' Carried."— 0'/,v Clerk's record , ^

Aug. 3, 1889. The question of detective police service was before the council, on a bill of $25 due C.
L. Case in the whisky selling case against Fred Frechette. The service had been rendered under sanc-
tion of the city marshal, and bill "O. K'd." by him. The clerk's record .says :

"City attorney stated that the city had the right to appropriate money for the use of the police de-
partment in detective and similar work, etc." Whereupon the board unauimou.sly voted " that the ac-
tion of the city marshal in his endeavor to enforce the law be fully endorsed by this board." And so the
bill was ordered paid. . . .

A rankling and furious hostility was worked up against the employment of detective service in
the.se cases, during all the months of this " Whisky War" period. Yet I find that city attorney W. E.
Arthur in some similar cases during the first week in February, 1895, sustained such service. From the
Weekly Star of Feb 6 I quote : " Judge Rose's speech in support of his case [attorney for the liquor sel-
ler] was for the most part a bitter invective against detective Vinnell and the slimy ways of detectives."
* * " City attorney Arthur stated that evidence in these cases cannot be procured itt any other way —
that the men who commonly violate the law will not testify against the violators." Thus the city council
of 1888-89 stands vindicated.

268 ~ HISTORY OF PASADENA.

men were acquitted and released in three minutes by the jury. Another case
is worthy of mention. A man was convicted of unlawful whisky selling
here, after a jury trial, and appealed his case to the superior court at Los
Angeles. During the re-trial there the liquor attorney demanded that the
printer's certificate as to this ordinance having been published in accordance
with state law when enacted should be produced in court. That document
was filed away in some pigeon hole in the city clerk's oSice in Pasadena, and
of course could not be then and there produced. The city clerk had been
in court with the ordinance book, had sworn to the due and lawful enact-
ment of the ordinance in question, and then at his request he had been ex-
cused by the judge [McKinley] and had returned home. But now, because
the printer'.s certificate was not produced right there, this sharp criminal
lawyer claimed that it had not been proved to the court that any such law as
his client was accused of violating did validly exist in Pasadena ; and there-
fore it was not proven that his client had violated any law. And on this the
Los Angeles jury brought in a verdict of " not guilty," in spite of the fact
that whisky which the defendant had sold for dram-drinking was produced
and verified in court by two witnesses.

The " Progressive League," with the principal newspapers at its service,
continued its fight against the city council and the Enforcement Committee ;
and its managers especially planned and manceuvered for carrying the next
city election in their interest. Of course I can only give a few main points,
with dates and references, so that anyone wishing to pursue the matter
further can find what he wants on either side. My present business as his-
torian is only to cite a few of the more prominent historic facts, impartially
and without comment.

The city election was to occur on Monday, April 14, i8go. During the
preceding November, December and January, the Daily Times and Daily
Star both advocated the nomination of a straight republican ticket for that
election. But early in February [Feb. 8] a plan of campaign was made up
privately for a so-called Citizens ticket, and a platform was put forth which
was in substance a repetition of the Progressive League's resolutions adopted
October 20, 1889, against the city council, though with a few additional
points of wrongful and grossly unjust accusation; and on the liquor question
. it declared :

''Resolved, That we are in favor of otcr hotels being allowed TO furnish
WINES AND LIQUORS TO THEIR GUESTS."

The platform was not signed by anybody, and no report given as to its
origin ; yet the Times and Star [of February 1 2 and following] both came
out in support of this non-republican scheme and its unfathered platform.
And the Los Angeles Daily Tribmie, then edited by ex-Gov. L. A. Sheldon
of Pasadena, in an editorial upon this strange state of affairs said :

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 269

"The people of Pasadena are noted for their good order and sobrietj^
and they have got along without drunkenness and disorder. The place is
overwhelmingly republican. We do not see why there cannot be nominated
and elected a straight party ticket. Certainly our friends have plenty of
good men. It seems unwise tor republicans to break ranks for the purpose of
giving the saloonists a chance.^''

And again at a later date, February 20, the Tribime again said concern-
ing this matter :

■ ' A petition is being circulated requesting voters to bind themselves to
stand by the Citizens' ticket, whoever the nominees of the caucus may be.
* * When in a strong republican community there is an effort to run
a " non-partisan " ticket, it would be well to inquire if there is not a demo-
crat at the bottom of it."*

The liquor interest movement went on, however, with the daily Times
[lyos Angeles], daily Star and daily Union, all advocating it. Then about
February 24 a call was circulated for a counter convention, reading as
follows .

" We, the undersigned, who are opposed to boss rule, to the return of
saloons to Pasadena, and in favor of the maintenance of Ordinance 125, and
of an economical administration of the city government, request the people of
the city of Pasadena to meet in mass convention at Williams Hall, on Satur-
day, the 29th day of March. 1890, at 7.30 p. m., for the purpose of adopt-
ing a platform and nominating candidates for the several city offices to be
chosen at the next municipal election."

This was signed by such prominent republicans as Gov. L. A. Sheldon,
Hon. Delos Arnold, B. F. Ball, Hon. Alex. M'I.ean, Judge E. J. Millay,
Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas, Hon. A. G. Throop, and over two hundred other
names. But while waiting for the time to arrive, still another call was issued
for a mass meeting of all republicans in Pasadena who were in favor of
maintaining ordinance 125 unchanged. This meeting was held in Williams
Hall, March 22 ; and from the reports of different papers at the time I here
quote a few of the main points most directly bearing upon the history topic
of this chapter. From the Standard' s report :

" Hon. Delos Arnold, who served two terms in the Iowa state senate,
was elected chairman, and Major J. D. Gilchrist, secretary. The following
vice-presidents were nominated and called to the platform : Gov. L. A.
Sheldon, Mayor A. G. Throop, Col. O. S. Picher, Rev. Iv. P. Crawford, Dr.
G. Roscoe Thomas, ex-Mayor H. J. Holmes, B. F. Ball and W. T. Knight.

"A committee of five was then appointed on resolutions, consisting of
Hon. Alex. Mcl^ean, formerly member of the legislature from Santa Bar-
bara county. Col. O. S. Picher, B. F. Ball, Dr. Thomas, and J. B. Corson,
all of them men well known as party republicans."

Gov. Sheldon was loudly called for, and made a speech of some length.
One or two points specially pertinent to this chapter I quote from the
Tribune'' s report of his speech :

*It was an open secret, that W. U. Masters, the keenest democratic politician in the county was
"at the bottom" of this whole "non-partisan" scheme for driving "republicans to break ranks.' Of
course it was fair game for his party, and great big fun, also.

270 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

"Those who know me know that I am a very decided republican. I be-
lieve in the party, and the men who represent it. I started out in the advo-
cacy of a republican ticket for our city government. I found that party
lines were to be thrown down and a new issue taken. Shall we maintain
ordinance No. 125 ? They want to modif}^ this ordinance so hotels can serve
wine to their guests. If this law is made we will have hotels on every
corner. Do you think any one would come to Pasadena to get a drink ?
Where one would come hundreds would stay away. Our grand scenery,
beautiful lawns and grand orange groves are not the chief glory of Pasadena.
It is the order and sobriety of our city. The modification of ordinance No.
125 was likened to the crevasses which cut breaches in river levees, caused
at first by crawfish, which perforate the banks with small holes, but
which end in inundation. I^et there be no crawfish holes in Pasadena. I
beg of you, my friends, that you see to it that the flood-gates of intemper-
ance shall not be opened on this city."

"Judge E. J. Millay, formerly judge of Sagadahoc county, Maine, was
called for, being one of the prominent republicans of the cit}^ ; and some of
the principal points of his speech were : We have assembled here to discuss
the issue of the coming election. The issue is, ' Shall we maintain the pro-
hibition ordinance or shall we license liquor sellers ?' Let me say to you
tonight, if you change that ordinance you will take a backward step.
There are more than four times the guests in Pasadena than Los Angeles,
in proportion to the population. Our prosperity depends on the mainten-
ance of our ordinance.

"Rev. D. D. Hill, pastor of the Congregational church was next called,
and he gave a rousing short talk of no uncertain sound. He made the
point in particular that Pasadena has her freedom from saloons as her one
crowning advantage which no other city on the coast has, in combination
with the same other attractions, and this will draw to us the best sort of
families to reside here, for their children's sake. Pluck that crown from
our fair Pasadena's brow and you ruin her good name and destroy her pros-
perity."

Rev. E. L. Conger, D. D., pastor of the Universalist church, was called,
and from his speech as reported in the Staridard I quote this passage :

" Ever since I cast my first vote for Abraham Lincoln I have been a
republican. I believe the people should rule. I am for this citj^ for its
government and its laws. Is there any other issue before this city than the
one embodied in ordinance 125? The gentlemen on the other side say,
" There is no issue ; we don't want saloons — neither do you. We want an
economical government — so do you. There is no issue." But there is an
issue. We all understand that — and out of the whole column of the so-
called Citizens' platform, the issue is all centered in three lines —

''Resolved, That we are in favor of our- hotels being allowed to

FURNISH WINES AND LIQUORS TO THEIR GUESTS."

' ' This is the issue and the only issue. All the rest of the Citizens'
platform is an unjust attack upon the ability and integrity of our city
councilmen, who are entitled to thanks instead of censures, for they have
served the city gratuitously and faithfully."

From the resolutions adopted as the sense of this meeting I quote only
the portion covering the special topic of this chapter :

DIVISION THREE — BEAINS. 27 1

' ' Resolved, That we are in favor of a strictly economical policy in the
administration of the affairs of our city government, and that we are in favor
of the maintenance of ordinance 125 as a police regulation.

''Resolved, That we denounce the reckless and untruthful resolutions
of the so-called Citizens' platform, and their continued publication as detri-
mental to the best interests of Pasadena, and a subtle attempt to introduce the
nefarious retail whisky traffic into our city.

A. McIvEAN, G. RoscoE Thomas,
O. S. PiCHER, J. B. Corson,

B. F. Ball, Committee."

The next historic event in this anti-liquor campaign was the People's
convention, the call for which I have already given. The Pasade?ia Stajidard
had hitherto been published only once a week, but on April 3 it commenced
a daily edition ; and from its report of this convention I quote a few para-
graphs :

"Last Saturday evening, March 29, the grandest city convention ever
held in Pasadena assembled in Williams Hall to nominate candidates for the
city offices. The hall was packed from stage to stairways, and the gallery
running over. Many came late and could not force themselves in. A good
many ladies were present, and others came but could not get in.

"The assemblage was called to order by Hon. Delos Arnold ; and on
motion A. R. Metcalfe, Esq., was elected president of the convention with
rousing enthusiasm, and J. G. Shoup, secretary. On taking the chair Mr.
Metcalfe made a speech, clear-cut, ringing, forcible — and showed that if the
so-called Citizens' platform should prevail, it means an open liquor traffic in
Pasadena — it cannot mean nor be made to mean anything else, as every
lawyer knows perfectly well. He also stated that in the committee which
framed that platform a resolution was presented declaring that they were
opposed to the retail liquor traffic in Pasadena, and it was voted dow7i.

"On motion the chair appointed F. S. Wallace, B. F. Ball and J. B.
Corson a committee on order of business ; and they retired for consultation.

" On motion, J. D. Gilchrist, M. M. Parker and W. T. Clapp were ap-
pointed a committee on resolutions. John Allin was appointed sergeant-at-
arms.

' ' Committee on order of business reported ; report adopted ; and the
good work then went on by rule. Spaces were assigned in the hall for the
electors from the several wards to get together and nominate each their own
choice for city trustee ; and a recess of fifteen minutes was taken for that
purpose."

Omitting long details of procedure, the final result was the nomination
of candidates as follows : For city trustees — First ward, A. F. M. Strong ;
second ward, EHsha Millard ; third ward, B. F. Ball ; fourth ward, Charles
M. Parker; at-large, Hon. Delos Arnold. For city marshal, D. R. Mcl^ean;
clerk, James Cambell ; treasurer, W. T. Vore.

The whereases and resolutions reported by the committee were unani-
mously adopted without change. I quote only these two :

"2. Resolved, That we are in favor of maintaining what is known as
ordinance 125, as a measure indispensable to the best interests of Pasadena,
now and hereafter.

272 HISTORY OF PASADENA,

' ' 3 Resolved, That we believe the resolutions in the so-called Citi-
zens' platform are in part untrue ; that their continued publication in our
daily paper is detrimental to the interests of our city ; and that the so-called
citizens' movement would in fact, if successful, lead to the introdudioyi of the
retail liquor traffic into our midst. J. D. Gil,CHRIST, chairman,

M. M. Parkkr, secretary,
W. T. Clapp, Committee.

" On motion, a central committee was appointed, consisting of C. C.
Thompson, J. G. Shoup, R. H. Pinney, G. Roscoe Thomas and A. F.
Keyes."

This was on Saturday evening. On the next Tuesday evening a great
ratification meeting was held in the Tabernacle ; and from reports published
the following day, I quote the main points specially pertinent to this nar-
rative :

" C. C. Thompson, chairman of the central committee, presided. The
nominees were all called to seats on the platform, and also the following
gentlemen to sit as vice-presidents : Gov. L,. A. Sheldon, Hon. A. G.
Throop, D. Galbraith, Rev. Dr. Ormiston, A. R. Metcalfe, Jason Brown,
Geo. F. Kernaghan, ly. F. Miller, Dr. Davis, James Cambell, W. T. Clapp,
A. F. Keyes, P. G. Wooster, Rev. Solomon Dunton, M. M. Parker, T. J.
Martin, John AUin, Rev. ly. P. Crawford, John Habbick. The first speaker
called was Senator Delos Arnold, candidate for trustee-at-large, who spoke
briefly of the points of agreement and of disagreement between the two
parties now contending for the control of our city government. As to the
question of economy and discreet management, there was no division. But
the so-called Citizens' ticket stood for a policy which must in the very
nature of things open the way to the liquor traffic being re-established in Pasa-
dena, while the People's ticket stands for a policy which will prevent

THAT THING."

Other candidates were called in turn, and made brief responses. Then
A. R. Metcalfe, Esq., who was city attorney at the time, and had been at-
tacked in the daily Star, was urgently called for ; and from the published
reports of his speech I quote, because it is one of the waymark points in
the history of this whole matter. Mr. Metcalfe said :

"The editor of the Star had advised a search of the records, and he
had done so, with the result that he had found a petition on file in the city
clerk's office (presented in September, 1888), expressing the belief that or-
dinance 45 (since changed to 125) was detrimental to the best interests of the
city, and asked the council to call an election for its repeal and the adoption
in lieu thereof of a high license system. He glanced at the names signed to
it, and the third name to it was Webster Wotkyns, now the candidate on
that side for city clerk. He found also the names of C. M. Simpson, their
candidate for trustee from the first ward ; T. Banbury, their candidate from
the second ward ; Jas. Clarke, their candidate from the fourth ward ; S.
Washburn, their candidate for city treasurer ; A. Wakeley, their candidate
for city marshal. The names of two of their candidates, Lukens and
M'Quilling, were not signed to it; but six out of the eight men on that
ticket had signed their own names to a declaration that ordinance 125 was
in their belief "detrimental to the best interests of the city," and they

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS.

273

I

wanted it repealed, and a "high license system" adopted instead. This
shows plainly what the aim and purpose of that party is."

Rev. Dr. Ormiston, pastor of the Presbyterian church, was called for.
He plead for the fathers and mothers, the young men and maidens, the boys
and girls, the children of our hope and our love, that ordinance 125 be
maintained and liquor selling kept out of our city.

"Gov. Sheldon was called for; and although quite hoarse he made a
short speech. He said he was a very decided republican, but he believed in
his party going forward and not backward. The marching line of this
People's movement is forward — that of the other side is backward. If the
opposition policy should prevail, it mea.ns Jloodifig the city with liquor-selling
and all its evil results. He endorsed the People's ticket and platform. He
also expressed himself in favor of woman's equality in social affairs, busi-
ness afifairs, and political affairs."

On the next day the following document was published :
"Whereas, The position of the candidates for city trustees upon the
Citizen's ticket, on the temperance question, has been grossly and persist-
ently misrepresented ; therefore we, the undersigned, nominees, do declare
that we are unalterably opposed to a saloon, bar or tippling house of any
form or description in our city, and promise, if elected, that we will do no
official act that will permit or encourage the promiscuous sale or use of in-

(Signed,)
T. P. IvUKEN,

C. M. Simpson,
A. K. McQuiLLiNG,
The next Monday was election day ; and the

toxicating liquors.

T. Banbury,
James Ci^arke."

This was Wednesday,
vote resulted as follows :

For Trustees :

*L,ukens

*McOuilling

*Clarke

*Simpson

*Banbury

fArnold

fStrong

fBall

fParker

tMillard

For Clerk :

*Wotkyns

tCambell

For Treasurer :

*Washburn ,

tVore

For Marshal :

* Wakel ey ,

tMcI,ean

WARDS

I

2

3

4

107

154

175

150

no

156

183

148

106

150

169

149

108

153

176

149

107

152

174

147

187

104

135

117

183

100

130

115

185

98

133

119

1 86

lOI

132

113

183

103

130

III

95

133

159

135

197

124

150

126

106

146

166

135

187

no

143

129

103

135

166

142

188

121

143

121

586
598

574
586
580

543
528

535
532
527

521
597

553
569

546
573

Majority

* Citizens' ticket (against ordinance).

t People's ticket (to maintain ordinance).

43
70

38
54
53

76
16
27

That night after the result was announced, a drunken mob went around
yelling and howling as if pandemonium had broke loose. Old tin pans and
18

274 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

empty oil cans were pounded on, fishhorns blown, and every other device
used to make a hideous racket. A mob of men and boys thus equipped,
and variously estimated at 40 to 70 in numbers, went to the residence of Rev.
Dr. Bresee, pastor of the M. E. church ; went into the archway between the
church and parsonage, and got close up to doors and windows, yelling like
savages bent on a cannibal feast ; hooting, howling, groaning ; making
mock prayers ; banging their pans and tooting their fishhorns. Next they
went to the residence of A. F. M. Strong, president of the Young Men's
Christian Association, on Herkimer street, and performed the same drunken
and riotous antics there, although Mrs. Strong was lying very sick at the
time. The same mob, or another just like it, went to the residence of Dr.
Reid, on Mary street, with the same sort of demonstrations ; crowded into
the front yard and along the walk to the back door, and added to their tin
can and horn noises some banging or pounding against the house. The resi-
dence of Rev. D. D. Hill, pastor of the First Congregational church, was
also visited, with similar drunken mob performances.

NEWSPAPER SUSPENSION AND OTHER CHANGES.

The space of a few months along about this period was a general break-
ing up time — a sort of cyclonish and earthquake tumbling of Pasadena
newspaper enterprises. Some weeks before this election the Daily Union
had suspended publication. A company of printers leased the material and
started the Pasadena Weekly Journal — continued it nineteen weeks and then
stopped. Within a day or two of this election the Daily Star printing
establishment [being swamped with debts] passed into the hands of a joint
stock company whose board of directors were Hon. P. M. Green, B. F. Ball,
T. P. Lukens, Geo. F. Kernaghan and Prof T. S. C. Lowe ; and Mr. Ker-
naghan was put in charge as general manager. Messrs. Kernaghan, Ball
and Green had each given their notes for $100 toward the Enforcement
Fund,* and of course the former vicious position of the paper on this and
connected matters was at once changed to fairness and decency. On May 3,
three weeks after the election, the Pasadena Standard suspended publication;
and a few months later the Los Angeles Tribune went down. Then on May
5, 1890, the following historic document was issued to the signers of the
Enforcement Fund notes :

REASONS FOR DISBANDMENT.

By the Pasadena ^Enforcement Committee, appointed August 6, 1888,

at mass meeting in the Tabernacle —

Resolved, ist, That the objects and purposes of our appointment have

been accomplished, in particulars as follows, towit :

I — In the re-enactment on September 15, 1888, of the prohibitory ordinance
by the City Trustees, upon our representation that its original enact-
ment had not been signed, published and certified in manner required
by the State law.

* Mr. Lukeus had signed a $ioo note for the enactment fund, in 1S87, but was away from the city
when the enforcement movement was inaugarated.

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 275

2 — In the decision rendered by Judge lyUcien Shaw of the lyos Angeles

county superior court, April 27, 1889, sustaining the validity of the

ordinance, and defining its legal force and effect as to liquors sold in

restaurants and other places, either with or without meals. Decision

in our favor. — (Case of The People vs. John Senich).
3 — In that seventeen places where illicit liquor selling was carried on have

been closed by enforcement of the law since our work commenced —

only four cases having ever been made previously.*
4 — In that the newly elected City Trustees installed April 21, i8go, have
. publicly pledged themselves to "do no official act that will permit or

encourage the promiscuous sale or use of intoxicating liquors."

Resolved, 2d, That all funds at our disposal have been used in lawful
manner to further the objects for which they were pledged ; and that there
is now nothing remaining in our treasury.

Resolved, jd, That in view of the foregoing facts and results, we do now
disband, and cease to exist as a committee ; and that we instruct the chair-
man to return all promissory notes of the "Enforcement Fund" to the
makers thereof — or cancel them for signers who cannot now be found.

Pasadena, Cal., May 5, 1890.

H. A. Reid, chairman, member for the Woman's Christian Temperance
Union.

C. C. Reynolds, secretary, member for Friends church (proxy I.J. R.).

Geo. Taylor, member for Baptist church.

P. G. WooSTER, member for Universalist church.

A. F. M. Strong, member for Y. M. C. A.

Frank D. Stevens, member for M. K. church.

I. B. Clapp, member for Congregational church.

P. M. Green, president ist National Bank.

G. A. SwARTwouT (of Pasadena National Bank).

W. A. Ray, treasurer of San Gabriel Valley Bank (proxy H. A. R.).

Geo. C. Hubbard, member for Christian church.

These are all the names of the committee except the member for the Presbyterian church ; he
declined to sign this paper.

During the ensuing two years no change was made in the ordinance ;
yet hotels and restaurants were allowed to furnish liquors with meals, not-
withstanding the adver.se decision of the superior court [Judge Lucien
Shaw. April 27, 1889] upon the matter ; and under cover of this lenience a
semi-saloon business was done at several places, even to the extent of fur-
nishing glasses of liquor to people in carriages from lyos Angeles, to drink
in front of a restaurant openly in the streets of Pasadena. I give this on
the authority of responsible parties who saw it, and also saw other open
violations of the law. Some of these parties boasted in my hearing
that they had got liquor there, and could get it any time they wanted
it ; " And we don''t have to go behind a screen to drink it, either ! " they said.
Yet others of my informants regretted the situation, but said it was useless
for them to file a complaint, for they knew nothing would be done.

*NamPs and particulars of all the twentj'-one cases here referred to were published in the Pasadena
S/andm d of April 19, 1S90 Five of the cases were against firms, thus making twenty-six persons in all ;
and only two of them were still residents of Pasadena in 1894.

276 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

However, it seems that the city marshal tried to do a Httle enforcing of
the law, after a five months' rest, for on September 15 and 17, 1890, he had
Thos. Twaits, a colored man known as " Cheap John," in court for violating
ordinance 125 — but the record does not show any penalty adjudged. And
there is no case again until January 3 and 5, 1891, a rest of four months,
when Geo. C. Monfort is in court on a similar charge. He plead guilty,
agreed to close his place or quit selling liquor there — and no penalty was
imposed. Then for five months the liquor sellers had a rest again. But in
June lightning struck them for the first time under the new regime ; and I
find in the police court records the following cases :

June 10, 1891. Charles Berry — liquor selling. Fined $100. Paid.

June g-io, 1891. Geo. B. Hogin, druggist — liquor selling. Sen-
tence suspended during good behavior.

June 9-10, 1891. G. Aussen — liquor selling. Fined $100. Paid.

June 9-13, 1891. Thomas Twaits — liquor selling. Fined $25. Paid.

Then a six months' rest followed, till December 8, 1891, when Frank
Becker is fined $25 for liquor selling. And the next cases occur February
2, 1892, when Charles Berry is in court again for liquor selling, and depos-
ited $100 bail ; but the record fails to show anything further in regard to
this case. And Frank Becker is also in court again on the same charge ;
he plead guilty, and sentence was suspended during good behavior.

The next step was taken by the city council on March 5, 1892, by the
enactment of Ordinance No. 195, which expressly provided that prohibition
'■''shall not apply to the sale of vinous or malt liquors at any hotels restaiirant, or
boarding house, when sold with and as a part of a regular meal.'" From this
time the records do not show any further attempt to suppress liquor selling
for more than a year. The city election occurred in April, and the liquor
men had it all their own way. Men were nominated who were in favor of
"high license," and there was no opposition ticket put into the field. So
the liquor sellers had a long rest from "persecution," and the violation of
the law went on more and more boldly.

The city clerk's records of May 8, 1893, say: "Trustee Clarke called
the attention of the Board to the violation of Ordinance No. 195 by the pro-
prietors of most of the restaurants." Yet no action was taken upon the
matter. And I find in the records again the following :

Junes, 1893. "Geo. A. Gibbs presented a petition signed by a large
number of citizens, asking that Ordinance No. 195 be enforced ; also called
the attention of the Board to alleged violations of said ordinance. Voted,
that petition be referred back to the petitioners, with the information that
the council were doing what they could to enforce the ordinance."

Then, on June 19, Ordinance No. 220 was enacted, which provided
that prohibition shall not apply to sale of vinous or malt liquors "when
sold with and as a part of a regular meal costing not less than twejity ceiits
exclusive of the vinous or malt liquors, and sold and consumed between
the hours of 11:30 o'clock a. m., and 1:30 p. m., or between the hours of
5:30 p. m. and 7:30 p. m."

DIVISION THREE — BRAINS. 277

After the first concession was made to the liquor sellers by Ordinance
No. 195, they went on disregarding and violating the law just the same as
before ; and also when No. 220 was enacted they evaded or defied its
restrictions. It was thus made evident that no matter whether the law was
straight prohibition, or liberal concession, or restrictive regulation, this class
of men would violate it, anyway. But there was a storm gathering ; and
lightning struck them presently from a clear sky — for I find in the police
records the following cases :

July 6, 1893. George Worthen — liquor selling. Fined $250. Fine paid.

August 17, 1893. Peter Steil — liquor selling. Fined $175. Fine paid.

August 19, 1893. Herman Garmshausen — liquor selling. Fined
^250. Fine paid. (This was the H. W. Stoll soda-water- factory case.)

In these cases some of the ablest lawyers of the city were employed to
defend the outlaws. They claimed the fines were exorbitant, unprecedented,
etc. But the court [J. G. Rossiter] stood firm, and the culprits had to pay
or go to jail. Since that time they have not boasted so much, and have
done the unlawful part of their liquor selling so secretly that probably noth-
ing short of detective service could bring them to conviction again.*

One of the curious episodes in this part of Pasadena's history is the
fact that Peter Steil, who had been arraigned for unlawful liquor selling
oftener than any other man in the city, and had violated the law more
openly and persistently than any other one, came out as an independent
candidate for member of the city council at the city election in April, 1894,
and received ijr votes. Peter was a democrat, and honestly believed in the
theory so often put forth in his party's platforms against what they called
" sumptuary legislation " ; hence he resented any law against liquor selling
as an infringement on " personal liberty," and acted accordingly, in spite of
the adverse rulings of the State and United States supreme courts. Apart
from this error of theory and practice, he was a generous, kind-hearted,
enterprising and capable man.

All city elections previous to 1894 ^^^ been what are called "non-
partisan ' ' contests, because the suppression or permission of liquor selling
was the dominant issue, and upon that question both republicans and dem-
ocrats were divided. However, the liquor license element within the repub-
lican party were this year overborne, the " non-partisan " device was aban-
doned, and a straight republican convention was held in Williams Hall on
Friday evening, March 2, at which a full city ticket was nominated, and the
following plank adopted in the platform :

' ' We are opposed to the licensing of saloons, and refuse to be a party
to any act that will foster or encourage a saloon business in our midst.
It is the duty of all good citizens to promote sobriety."

Of course their candidates were all elected by large majorities; but as
no other feature of the election concerns this chapter, no more is given here.
A table of the entire vote will be found in page 232.

*r,ATER. — Several cases of fines from $100 up to $250 occurred after this search of the records was
made ; but some were reheard at Los Angeles, by appeal, and were there reversed on mere technical-
ities [See foot-note, page 267.]

278 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM

CHAPTER XIV.

The Municipai, Corporation.— Early steps and stages of Pasadena's growth as a
civil jurisdiction.— Different efforts for incorporation. — Successive city hall build-
ings.—Table of all city officers from date of incorporation to 1894 —City expend-
itures one year. — List of city property.

History of the City Fire Department.

CITY INCORPORATION.

The territory now comprised within the city of Pasadena was from the
earhest Spanish occupation a part of the San Gabriel Mission lands. And
after the church rule was broken up by the Mexican government, and the
lands segregated and parceled out to individual ownership as ranchos, this
land still remained within the civil jurisdiction of San Gabriel. This status
also continued through the American occupation of the land as a territory
and as a state, up to August, 1874, when the first civil separation from San
Gabriel was made by the creation of the San Pasqual school district. This
new departure was brought about by the original colonists of the San
Gabriel Orange Grove Association, commonly known then as the "Indiana
Colony," so that they might have a school within their own borders instead
of having to send their children five miles away to the old San Gabriel vil-
lage, or else to lyos Angeles. I. N. Mundell settled on his original colony
lot in October, 1874 — and in 1875 he was appointed road overseer, being
thus the actual first civil officer belonging to Pasadena. And when his time
expired A. O. Bristol served next.

In 1877 A. O. Bristol was elected constable ; but he did not want the
office, did not qualify, and so never actually served. And Harry Price in
1883^84 seems to have been the first Pasadena constable in real service by
election.

In March, 1877, Henry G. Bennett was appointed deputy county as-
sessor, and served until March, 1886 — nine years. His district included
San Gabriel, Alhambra, I^a Canyada, etc., besides Pasadena.

Pasadena was at this time dependent on L,os Angeles for notarial busi-
ness, till Major Erie lyocke obtained a commission as Notary Public ; and
hi'^ first official act was the acknowledgment of a deed from the San
Gabriel Orange Grove Association to L,. J. and T. J. lyockhart, of the land
now known as the McGregory place — this act of his as notary being dated
March 29, 1877. At the fall election that year Mr. Locke was elected one
of the justices of the peace for San Gabriel township, and thus Pasadena
first acquired a civil tribunal of her own. During 1878 Mr. lyocke, by
reason of sickness, became unable to administer the office, and Col. J. Ban-

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 279

bury was appointed to serve out the unexpired terni ; and his first official
act that appears of record was the acknowledgment of a deed, on Decem-
ber II, 1878. For the next term Thomas Banbury was elected. Next, R.
Williams. Then in 1884 T. P. lyukens was elected justice of the peace.
After a few months he resigned, and Chas. A. Gardner was appointed to fill
the vacancy ; then before his time expired the city was incorporated, and he
was appointed city recorder [police judge]. And thus the apostolic suc-
cession of judicial honors and duties trickled along down the increment of
years with virtue unabated, from old Spanish San Gabriel to new American
Pasadena.

In 1879, and again in 1880, P. G. Wooster was appointed deputy sher-
iff, being the first constabulary officer here. In 1885 Thomas Banbury was
appointed deputy sheriff. When his term expired John R. Slater was ap-
pointed, and has held the office continuously ever since.

The first formal move made toward seeking incorporation as a city was
some time in January, 1884, but I found no record or printed report of its
proceedings. The Valley Union of February 16, 1884, reports an "adjourned
meeting" held in Williams' Hall on Saturday evening, February 2 ; the
weather was stormy and fevv were present. Dr. O. H. Conger was appointed
chairman and M. E. Emery secretary. H. W. Magee, as chairman of a
committee appointed at a previous meeting, made a verbal report. While
a good many citizens were in favor of incorporation, there was great diffi-
culty in agreeing on the boundaries, and the territory to be included ; and
those who feared greatly increased taxation to run a city government, op-
posed the project. However, a new committee was appointed to carry on
the movement, consisting of Stephen Townsend, Col. J. Banbury, B. F.
Ball, James Cambell, Dr. Eyman Allen.

I found nothing further until April 18, 1884, when a meeting was held
at same place to hear a report of the committee. Rev. W. C. Mosher was
made chairman of the meeting and J. W. Wood secretary. The committee
reported South Pasadena unanimously opposed to the movement and re-
fusing to be included. This committee was discharged, and a new one
appointed with instructions to prepare a petition and procure signatures,
praying the county board of supervisors to make Pasadena a city incorpora-
tion. Dr. O. H. Conger, T. E. Martin and James Cambell were named for
this work.

Nothing appears on the subject except an occasional newspaper squib
"punching up" the committee, until November 10, 1884, when a great
mass meeting was held on the public school grounds to con.sider what could
be done to get rid of the liquor saloon then recently opened on East Colo-
rado street, in the two story frame building now No. 47, and occupied [1894]
by E. H. Eockwood, Kendall & Howe, and others. [See page 241, etc.,
in Chapter 12.] This meeting voted strongly in favor of incorpora-

28o HISTORY OP PASADENA.

tion, and instructed its chairman, B. F. Ball, to appoint a committee of five
to take measures for accomplishing that end — the committee appointed on
April 1 8 having entirely failed of its purpose ; and accordingly H. W.
Magee, Col. J. Banbury, H. N. Rust, S. Washburn and J. W. Wood were
appointed to take up the burden. But this committee also wearied of the
task, and accomplished nothing.

The next public move for incorporation was at a meeting in Williams'
Hall on Saturday evening. May 23, 1885. At this time the white scale was
ravaging the country and seemed likely to destroy the entire citrus industry
of California. The meeting in question was called especially to consider
this subject, and see what if anything could be done to avert the threatened
disaster — and also to consider any matters of general local interest. The
incorporation problem very soon became the chief topic before the meeting,
for at every step proposed to remedy that or any other evil, it was found
that nothing could be done, for want of police authority ; and as a result a
committee of five was appointed to take the matter under consideration, and
make out papers of incorporation, to be submitted to a public meeting of the
citizens at the earliest possible time. This committee consisted of Col. J.
Banbury, Dr. O. H. Conger, H. W. Magee, Esq., J. P. Woodbury and
George W. Wilson.

On July 1 1 a meeting was held to hear and consider a report of the
committee. Col. Banbury called the meeting to order and J. E. Clarke was
made chairman. The petition as prepared included all the territory from
Lincoln Park or the old Monterey road to the foot of the mountains, and
from the Arroyo Seco eastward to Santa Anita Avenue. There was some
warm debate on this extensive grasp of territory for a city ; but it was finally
decided to lay it before the county board just as it was, for they had the
right to change it, anyway, and those who objected to it could appear there
with their reasons and arguments — and then the county board could fix the
boundaries as they thought best. Thereupon a committee was appointed
to lay the matter before the county board at once and have a day of hearing
appointed. H. W. Magee, J. Banbury, S. Townsend, J. E. Clarke and
C. B. Ripley were appointed for this duty, and they did it promptly. The
Valley Union of August 14, 1885, published the petition, with names
attached, a total of 1 1 1 qualified electors.

The next stage of the movement is thus reported in the Union of Sep-
tember II, 1885 :

" On Thursday the petition for incorporating the Town of Pasadena was
taken up by the Board of Supervisors and a hearing given to the petitioners.
It was found that no less than four remonstrances had been filed from diiTer-
ent sections of the territory embraced within the proposed incorporation
limits, besides several protests from individuals. The places remonstrating
were South Pasadena, the Highlands, all that territory east of lyos Robles
Avenue, and the Craig tract, including the Allen, Crank and other ranches.

DIVISION I^OUR — BOOM. 281

H. W. Magee, Esq., and J. E.- Clarke appeared for the petitioners. Messrs.
Dougherty, Risley, Porter, Glover, Eaton, I. B. Clapp and others were
present in the interest of South Pasadena, which was represented by Stephen
M. White, Esq., as legal counselor. On behalf of the Craig district, James
Craig, with his attorney, F. H. Howard, Esq., appeared. C. C. Brown
advocated the claims of those remonstrating from the eastern portion of the
colony."

After this the whole subject seems have taken a long rest, for nothing
appears again until May 14, 1886, when the Union said :

"Hurrah ! We are incorporated ! The petition was granted yesterday.
In support of the petition arguments were made by Messrs. Hopkins, Brock-
way, Ward, Ball, Col. Picher, Drs. Thomas and Allen, and others. The re-
monstrants were represented by Messrs. Dougherty, Furlong, Painter,
Arnold, Woodward and Brown."

The following is the official order, dated May 13, 1886 :
"Ordered, that the petition for the incorporation of Pasadena be granted
and boundaries be fixed as follows : Beginning at a point on the west bank
of the Ai-royo Seco due west from the south end of reservoir No. i , of the
Eake Vineyard Eand and Water Association, and thence running east to the
south end of said reservoir, thence running southeast by the west line of the
Painter & Ball tract, to a point forty rods south of south line of Mountain
street, thence running east by a line parallel with and forty rods south of the
south line of Mountain street to a point forty rods east of east line of Eake
Avenue, thence running south by a line parallel with and forty rods east of
the east line of Eake Avenue, to the B. D. Wilson estate, thence running
west and south by the north and west lines of said Wilson estate, thence
running south-west by lands of B. T. Smith and land of George Stoneman,
and by the Marengo ranch to the south line of Columbia street, thence run-
ning west by the south line of Columbia street, and by a direct extension of
the same to the west bank of the Arroyo Seco, thence running north by the
west bank of the Arroyo Seco to the point of beginning. From the evidence
taken the Board finds that the population in said limits approximates 2,700.
Ordered that June 7th be fixed for holding the election to deter-
mine whether the town of Pasadena shall be incorporated, and that said
election be held at the Williams building. Fair Oaks Avenue ; and that at
said election persons be chosen to fill the following offices : Five trustees,
a clerk, a treasurer and a marshal ; and that Edson Turner be appointed
inspector, and R. Williams and C. C. Brown be appointed judges of such
election ; and that notice of said election be published for two weeks."

The next historic record is the Union's report of the election, printed
in its issue of June 11, 1886, from which I quote :

" The child is born who will make his fame by writing the history of
Pasadena ; and we of today are making that history. Monday was another
landmark — a historic day, being the first city election, and making choice
of the men who should first wield corporate authority.

The "Citizen's Ticket," which was nominated by a meeting held at
the Union office on Friday evening, was every man of them elected, although
there were four varieties of tickets in the field. The contest was quite spirited,
although entirely good-natured throughout, and the friends of the successful
candidates indulged in a little jubilation after the result was finally made

282 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

known. A bonfire was lighted on school-house square, the bell rang out a
jubilee, some cannon firing was improvised, and the band played some of
the liveliest tunes in their repertoire.

C. C. Brown and John O. lyOwe were the judges of election, and F. H.
Heydenreich and Will T. Holmes, clerks. It took them about three hours
to complete the count, the result being as follows : Total vote, 229.

For City Trustees : R. M. Furlong 222

K. Turner 219

E. C. Webster 130

H. J. Holmes 130

M. M. Parker 112

James Clarke no

R.Williams 104

I. M. Hill 83

The first five are elected, and will constitute the first City Council of
the City of Pasadena.

For Citv Treasurer : Col. J. Banbury 140

W. E. Cooley ' 85

For City Clerk : C. A. Sawtelle 220

Scattering 6

For City Marshal : I. N. Mundell 158

M. H. Weight 68

For incorporation, 179; against, 50; majority for, 129.

The result was ofi&cially ratified by the county board of supervisors on
June 14, 1886, and so recorded in Book 9, at page 16 and following.

After the vote for city officers had been duly canvassed by the county
board of supervisors, Mr. Sawtelle went before the county clerk, subscribed
the oath of office, and was thus qualified to swear in the other officers elect.
On June 23, 1886, at 2 o'clock p. m., the parties elected all met in a frame
building then known as the Wakeley block, on E. Colorado street. The
several trustees presented their certificates of election to Mr. Sawtelle,
whereupon he administered the oath of office to them. Then R. M. Fur-
long was chosen as president pro tern. ; after which a formal election was
held by ballot, and H. J. Holmes was duly chosen as president of the cit}^
board of trustees — hence he stands in history as the first " mayor " of the
cit3^

The Valley Union newspaper was at this time publishing two issues
during the week, one being a small sheet called the " Union Junior^'" and
this issue of date June 29, says :

"The Board of Trustees met yesterday, at Mr. Webster's office, over
F. D. Stevens' hardware store, and deliberated over and passed the ordinan-
ces for the future government of our young and growing city. Ordinance
No. 2 provides for the publication once in some newspaper in the city of
said ordinances, before going into effect at noon of the following day.
Necessarily they, being published in today's Junior Union, are legal from
tomorrow at noon. Ordinance No. 3 provides for the filing of bonds by
certain of the city officials elect, as follows : City clerk (as ex-officio city
assessor) in the sum of $5,000 ; marshal (as ex-officio tax collector) also

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. - . 283

$5,000 ; city treasurer, $10,000 ; and that these respective officers are re-
quired to submit their bonds within five days, to the board of trustees.
Ordinance No. 4 adopts forthwith a common seal the design of which is a
key resting within a crown, and the words " City of Pasadena, incorporated
June, A. D. 1886," within its rim. Ordinance No. 5 provides for the im-
posing and collection of a street poll tax of $2 for each male inhabitant of
the city, to be due and payable by the 15th instant. The board will meet
at Mr. Webster's office until the necessary furniture can be obtained for
meeting in the rear of A. Cruickshank's store on Fair Oaks avenue."

Ordinance No. i is not mentioned in the above article, and this requires
historic explanation. Chas. A. Gardner was at this time editor of the
Valley Union ; he was also justice of the peace for San Gabriel township.
Now, the first ordinance ever enacted by a Pasadena city council was one
making said Chas. A. Gardner city recorder — that is, police "judge." And if
I had merely copied the newspaper report and not hunted up the why and
wherefore of this remarkable omission, the readers of Pasadena history
would have been left in a state of perpetual quandary as to " what was the
matter with Ordinance No. i," that it had so quickly slipped out of reckon-
ing, " unhonored and unsung." It was a case of editorial modesty that beat
all previous records.

Business now pressed hard upon the board, to get proper ordinances
prepared and enacted, and all the machinerj^ of city government set in
motion ; and to meet these conditions they were obliged to meet often in
formal session, and to be in informal session almost continuously. Their
next official meetings were held July i, July 2, July 6, July 8, July 10, July
12, July 13, July 19, July 24, July 27, July 29 ; August 2, August 9, Aug-
ust 14, August 21, August 24, August 31. In September only four meet-
ings were held ; and the same in October; etc.

On July 10 they appointed Geo. W. Dunmore as the first city police-
man who ever wore the official star in Pasadena.

By August they had enacted all the first necessary ordinances to regu-
late their own proceedings, provide for bonds and salaries of city clerk,
marshal, treasurer, recorder, attorney, policemen, surveyor, printer, etc., so
that the business of the city was all going on under lawful procedure, and
all necessary appointive offices had been filled. But there was no city treas-
ury as yet, and no funds with which to pay the necessary current expenses ;
hence they were obliged to negotiate a loan until such time as the city
revenues could be gathered in. And accordingly on July 2, 1886, they
voted to borrow $500 for ninety days, thus providing for this financial
emptiness.*

The first city council room was K. C. Webster's office, over Stevens's
hardware store in a frame building on ground where the Carlton Hotel

*" The city recorder paid into the city treasury on Wednesday $So in fines collected. A |2o fine
was the first money the city ever owned." — I'ailey Union, August 27, 1&S6.

I tried my best to find out who paid this historic fine, and what it was for, but records and mem-
ories were all empty of the knowledge.

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

block now stands. But in August they rented and fitted up the second
story of James Smith's building on southwest corner of Fair Oaks Avenue
and Kansas [now Green] street, over A. Cruickshank's dry goods store.
Next, when the Exchange block was completed, Mr. Webster had a

EXCHANGE BLOCK [CARLTON HOTEL], 1886-7.

The first city bench-mark was here; also, the enactment of the famous prohibitory
ordinance was here ; and the National G. A. R. reception ; and the Astronomical Banquet •
and the first editorial convention ; and other historic events. '

spacious double office in it, on the ground floor, and on January 3, 1S87,
they commenced using the rear room of these apartments as the city council
room.* Meanwhile, they were on the lookout for a building that would
serve for their meetings, and also for all of the city ofiices and business.
And for this purpose they leased, on February 26, 1887, the old Central
School building, then owned by J. W. Vandevort, and located on Raymond
Avenue, where Mr. Vandevort's terra-cotta block now stands. The lease
was for three years, at $1,000 per year, with option of renewal or purchase,
etc. , and the first meeting of the council in this building was held March 2 1 ,
1887. An adjoining vacant lot on the south was also leased, and a city jail
built there.

*Julv 27, I.SS6, a bench mark from which to reckon all city levels was established at "top of the
stone pedestal or sill upon which rests the third iron column from the west side of the Colorado street
front of the Exchange block, the elevation of which is 833 and 451-1000 feet above sea level."— /^a//cv
Union.

The Union of July 16, 1886, gives the following altitudes as official : Front of Baker Block, I^os An-
geles — 282.955 ; Pasadena, at P. O. door — 885.206 ; Sierra Madre, Episcopal church, 899.581.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 285

As the time approached for expiration of this Vandevort lease, an ef-
fort was made to purchase grounds and buildings that would serve all of the
city's uses, including quarters for the fire department. But so much public
strife and contention arose over the matter of location, price, choice of prem-
ises, etc., that the whole project was abandoned ; and on December 11, 1889,
they leased for three years, for city hall purposes, C. T. Hopkins's brick
block on the northwest corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Union street, at
$1,000 per year — with privilege to occupy it at once, but lease date and
payment not to commence until March i, 1890, when the Vandevort lease
would expire. However, out of the agitation for a central and permanent
place for all city offices and city business finally came the purchase of
grounds and erection of building for exclusive use of the fire department,
on Dayton street. [See article "Fire Department."]

The next historic move as to city hall premises occurred October 24,
1892, when rooms enough for all the offices, besides a council room and a
police court room, were leased for five years at $600 per year, in Geo. W.
White's brick block on southwest corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Union
street, some necessary changes and refitting were made, and this building
was formally occupied on February 27, 1893, being the present City Hall.

The following table gives a complete register of all persons who have
served the city in any important official capacity :

TABULAR EXHIBIT OF PASADENA CITY OFFICERS IN SUCCESSIVE YEARS.

City Trustees [commonly called councilmen] :

1886 to 1888 : — H. J. Holmes, president [Mayor] ; R. M. Furlong, K.
Turner; M. M. Parker, chosen president June 15, 1887, vice Holmes, re-
signed ; K. C. Webster ; G. Roscoe Thomas, appointed June 18, 1887, vice
Holmes, resigned.

1888 to 1890 : — M. M. Parker, president; Edson Turner; Stephen
Townsend; W. W. Webster; A. G. Throop, chosen president October 5, 1889,
vice Parker, resigned ; J. B. Young, appointed September 15, 1S88, vice
Webster, resigned ; Alex Mcl^ean,* appointed February 9, 1889, vice Turner,
deceasedf ; Wm. W. Mills, appointed October 12, 1889, vice Parker, re-
signed ; Elisha Millard, appointed December 7, 1889, vice Young, resigned;
John Allin, appointed February 15, 1890, vice Townsend, resigned.

1890 to 1892: — T. P. lyukens, president; A. K. McQuilling ; James
Clarke ; C. M. Simpson ; Thomas Banbury. •

1892 to 1894 : — Oscar F. Weed, president; John S. Cox; T. P. Lukens;
A. K. McQuilling ; James Clarke.

1894 to 1896: — T. P. IvUkens, president; S. Washburn ; H. M. Hamil-
ton ; O. F. Weed; J. S. Cox, elected president January 2, 1895.

*" Mr. McLean resides on Mountain Avenue ; he was formely editor of the Lonipoc Record; he was
in the state legislature from Santa Clara County at the same time Col. Banbury was there from this
county, and worked with the colonel in trying to get a local option law passed. ' — Pasadena Standard,
Feb. 16, 1S89.

t Jan. 14, 1889, Mr. Turner's horse took fright at a steam pump which was then working in a well-
house at foot of the north drive up Raymond Hill ; he was thrown from his buggy so that his head
struck ou a rail of the Santa FeR. R. track; he lived a few hours but never recovered consciousness again.

286 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

City Clerk:

1886 to 1888 :— C. A. Sawtelle, elected.
1888 to 1892 :— James H. Cambell, elected.
1892 to 1896: — Heman Dyer, elected.

City Marshal :

1886 to 1890: — I. N. Mundell;* D. R. McLean appointed March 25,
1889, vice Mundell, resigned.

1890 to 1892: — D. R. McLean, elected.
1892 to 1896 : — ^John T. Buchanan, elected.

City Treasurer :

1886 to 1896 : — Jabez Banbury; M. E. Wood, appointed March 25, 1889,
vice Banbury, resigned, but did not qualify until June 8 ; Hon. P. M. Green,
the deputy treasurer officiating meanwhile.

1890 to 1892
1892 to 1894
1894 to 1896

W. T. Vore, elected.
-W. U. Masters, elected.
-Henry C. Hotaling, elected.

City Recorder [police judge] :

1886 to 1895: — Charles A. Gardner; C. N. Terry appointed April 9,
1887, vice Gardner, resigned; P. A. V. VanDoren, appointed January ig,
1889, vice Terry, resigned ; H. H. Rose, appointed December 6, 1890, vice
VanDoren, term as justice of peace expired ; J. G. Rossiter appointed April
10, 1894, vice Rose, resigned, and still holds the office, July, 1895.

City Attorney :

1886 to 1895 : — E. J. Hueston, employed July 6, 1886, for one month,
at salary of $150. Had done some work before this date. N. P. Conrey,
employed July 27, 1886, at salary of $75 per month. John C. Winslow,
employed September 21, 1887, vice Conrey, relieved at his own request, to
take effect October i. Frank J. Polley, appointed April 24, 1888, vice
Winslow, deceased ; salary $100 per month. A. R. Metcalfe, appointed
February 15, 1890, vice Polley, dismissed ; salary $150 per month. W. E.
Arthur, appointed April 21, 1890, vice Metcalfe, resigned, and still holds the
office, July, 1895.

City Eyigineer :

1886 to 1895:-- J. M, Willard, appointed July 8, 1886. Salary $5.00
per day. On May 25, 1887, August Meyer was employed as sanitary engi-
neer to manage the public sewer work. Salary $250 per month. October 8,
1887, Meyer was made .sewer commissioner. On May 8, 1888, the two
offices of city engineer and sanitary engineer were consolidated, and Mr.
Meyer appointed to the double duty. On May 17, 1890, James E. Place
was appointed, to date from June i, at $5.00 per day for actual time required
in city service. John W. vSedwick, appointed January 17, 1891, vice Place,
deceased. Wm. B. Clapp, appointed April 23, 1894, vice Sedwick, resigned.

*Dec. 3, 18S7, the offict of captain of police was created, and Geo, R. Shaw appointed to fill it, at
a salary of I85 per month. But somehow it seemed to infringe on the statutory prerogatives of the
marshal ; and after a month or more of trouble over it the new office was dropped.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 287

Street Superintendent :

1886 to 1895: —The first street superintendent was E. Turner, ap-
pointed November 10, 1886. May 14, 1887, Turner resigned and J. W.
Vore was appointed. April 26, 1890, C. C. Brown was appointed, vice Vore
resigned. April 13, 1894, J. A. Buchanan was appointed, vice Brown, re-
signed. Buchanan still holds, July, 1895.

Health Officer :

1887 to 1895: — Dr. Theron Nichols, first incumbent, appointed Feb-
ruary 19, 1887 ; no salary. Dr. W. L. McAllister, appointed August 27,
1887, vice Nichols, resigned ; salary $50.00 per month. Dr. H. H. Sherk,
appointed April 26, 1890, vice McAllister, term expired. October 6, 1892,
a cit, board of health was created by ordinance, and Drs. H. H. Sherk,
J. M. Radebaugh, R. J. Mohr, and H. K. Macomber were appointed as such
board. Dr. Sherk was thus continued as health officer ; and on October 24
he was appointed to serve also as building and plumbing inspector. Dr.
F. F. Rowland, appointed April 23, 1894, vice Sherk, resigned, and still
holds, July, 1895.

Official Newspaper^ or City Printer :

1886 to 1895 '• —The Union Junior oi ^wa^ 29, 1886, contained the first
official publication of city ordinances, and they took effect the next day at
noon. Hence it was the first official newspaper. The Pasadena Star, ap-
pointed July 8, 1886. [For printing city ordinances, resolutions, etc., the
Star had bid 24 cents per square and the Valley Union bid 50 cents per
square. Hence the choice.] The Daily Union was appointed to the same
service on June 2, 1888, having now made the lowest bid. But when in
1889 the Union suspended publication, this business went to the Daily Star
again ; and the Star still holds it, 1895.

Chief of Fire Department :

1887 to 1895 : — On October 8, 1887, a city fire department was author-
ized and the office of " Chief" created. Robert Hentig was appointed to fill
it ; salary $10.00 per month. On June 9, 1889, Hentig tendered his resig-
nation. On August 16, 1888, J. D. Jones appears in the records as Fore-
man and Acting-Chief of the Fire Department. Then on September 10,
1889, Jones is discharged, and Hentig reappointed. A. S. Turbett was
appointed November 30, 1889, vice Hentig, resigned, and still holds the
place— July, 1895.

City Librarian :

On January 14, 1890, a public vote was carried to issue bonds for the
purchase by the city of the public library property. This made the post of
librarian a city office ; and on April 21, 1890, Mrs. S. E. Merritt was ap-
pointed to fill it — as she does yet, 1895. [For Library Trustees, see page
210].

In 1894 the city clerk published a full and exhaustive tabulation of
city finances, including debts, salaries, current expenditures of every sort,
tax levies, etc., etc. This was printed in a neat manual of thirty pages,
which contained also a complete directory of all city officers, departments,
etc. And from it I compile the following exhibit of current expenses of the
city during the fiscal year eliding February 28, 1894:

288 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

DISBURSEMENTS IN ONE YEAR.

Clerk and Assessor's De- Building and Plumbing

partment $2,389 30 Inspector's Dep't 300 50

Fire Department 6,478 06 Street-sprinkling Dep't 7,077 48

Street Department 6,013 82 Street-lighting Dep't 6,296 31

Police Department 2,671 50 Rent Dep't 733 32

Engineer's Department 1,351 35 Public Printing Dep't i,374 01

Tax Collector's Dep't 644 10 Sewer Dep't 43404

Recorder's Dep't 229 60 Sewer Farm Dep't 3,607 04

Attorney's Dep't 1,027 25 Library Dep't 3,047 60

Treasurer's Dep't 980 72 Miscellaneous Dep't i,753 85

Poundmaster's Dep't 209 85

Soup house department, providing temporarily for "the unemployed :"
[As this is an historic episode, I give the items in full.]

Salary of Special Officer @ Stove, dishes, and cooking

$50 per mo $50 00 utensils 46 04

Repairs on building 6 72 Groceries and provisions 94 93

Shovels and rakes 6 60

Coal 5 50 Total $209.79

Interest on Fire and Sewer Bonds'^ $7,075 00

Interest on Library Bonds 505 75

Interest on Deferred Payment of Bills 740 18

Total this year for interest on borrowed mone}^, $8,320.93. A total of
$10,025 was also paid out for redemption of bonds.

The following is a complete inventory of property belonging to the city
on February 28, 1894:

Sewer System* $160,000 00 $160,000 00

Sewer Farm and buildings, 300

acres @ $250 per acre 75,000 00

Horses and Implements on Sewer Farm. 875 00 75,875 00

Fire Engine House and Lot 10,000 00

Fire Department Horses 1,275 00

Fire Engine 4,400 00

Hook and Ladder Truck i , 600 00

Hose Cart and Reel 475 00

Harness 175 00

1,900 feet of Hose 1,425 00

Furniture, etc. , in Engine House 200 00

Fire Alarm System 3,975 00 23,525 00

Public Library Building and Lot 25,000 00

Books in Library

Furniture in Library

Instruments, Engineer's Dep't

Furniture in City Hall

Two Safes in City Hall

Street Sprinkler

Street Sweeper

*On July 19, 1887, a public vote to authorize the issue of I192.000 of City I:nproveinent Bonds was
carried by 197 for, and only two against the measure. Five per cent interest.

6,500 00

300 00

31

,800

00

300 00

300

00

300 00

500 00

800

00

400 00

550 00

lOO oo

150 00

25 00

1,225

00

600 00

25 00

625

00

8,229

59

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 289

Road Machine

Carts, Scrapers and Implements

Cart Horse

City Jail

Supplies, Police Dep't

Cash subject to warrant

Total Assets $302,379 59

The city had at the same date a total bonded indebtednees of $138,700.

CITY ASSESSMENTS AND TAX LEVY IN SUCCESSIVE YEARS.

Levy per Levy per

Year. Assessed Value. $100 Year. Assessed Value. $100

1886-87 $1,001,737 00 $ .65 1891-92 $4,551,330 00 $1.10

1887-88 4,881,245 00 40 1892-93 4,890,218 00 1. 13

1888-89 8,668,627 00 72 1893-94 5,473,821 00 1. 00

1889-90 7-237,338 00 70 1894-95 6,462,576 00 I.OO

1890-91 4,709,164 00...... .90

November 10, 1893, the Board of Trade issued a circular prepared by
its secretary, Wm. H. Knight, from which I glean a few points to preserve,
as showing the condition of certain matters at that time :

"Pasadena, with a city population of 8,000, and an adjacent population
3,000 more, probably has a larger number of beautiful homes than any other
city of equal size in the world. [See page 226.] * * * Building im-
provements now under way amount in value to $552,400. Among them are
dwellings ranging from $1,000 to $30,000. * ^= * Between January and
September, 1893, there were 9,519 lineal feet of streets graded, 26,458 feet
of curbing built, and 99,335 square feet of sidewalks laid, at a total cost of
$40,000. The principal business streets are now being paved with asphalt.
* * * Within and adjacent to the corporate limits of Pasadena are
155,000 orange and lemon trees from three to fifteen years old, and there
are 2,500 acres planted to walnuts, olives, prunes, figs, apricots, and other
deciduous fruits."

NEW CHARTER — " NO ! "

In 1894 a plao was set on foot to provide the city with a bran new
homemade charter, instead of accepting the one for a city of the Fifth Class,
or the one for Fourth Class, as already provided by the State Code. A com-
mittee of fifteen freeholders was formed to prepare the new document. They
spent several months in wrestling and worrying with the manifold points
necessary to be covered. At last the completed thing came to a public vote
on Saturday, February 23, 1895, and was overwhelmingly rejected, by the
following vote :

First precinct — yeas 5, noes 63 ; second — yeas 6, noes 66 ; third — yeas
2, noes 56; fourth — yeas 5, noes 33 ; fifth — yeas 10, noes 42 ; sixth — yeas
6, noes 51. Total, 5'eas 34, noes 311. The total cost to the city of this
" new charter " fiasco footed up $1,325.06.

*"In our city's effort to secure right-of-way for laying pipe under ground to reach its sewage farm,
eighty different resisting property owuer.'^ along the line are made co-defendants in a suit of the city for
legal process to secure the desired right-of-way." — I'a^adena Standard, September 21, 18S9.

19

290 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Note. — After this chapter was ready for press, the city clerk's annual
report for 1894-95 was published in pamphlet form ; and from it I glean a
few additional points of historic interest.

APPORTIONMENT OF TAXES FOR 1 894-5.

General Fund $0.50 per $100 00 produced $32,312 88

Sewer Fund 0.15 " 100 00 " 9,693 87

Fire and Sewer Sinking Fund 0.24 " 100 00 " 15,510 18

Library Sinking Fund 0125 " 100 00 " 807 82

Library Fund 0975 " 100 00 " 6,301 01

Total $ I 00 " $100 GO " $64,625 76

For current expenses of the city, $23,484 31 of interest-bearing (8 per
cent) certificates were issued for claims which could not be paid on demand
because the treasury was empty : then when they were paid, (after the year's
taxes had been collected,) the interest on them amounted to $1,031 83.
Among the items of cash receipts by the city, these odd ones occur : Fines
collected by recorder [police judge], mostly from violations of restrictions in
the liquor permitting ordinance, $1,019.50. Dog licenses, $71. Sale of
street sweepings, $130.35. Sale of pumpkins and hay from sewer farm,
$1,288.71. Libra ry collections , $311.10.

Some of the expense accounts in 1894-5, worthy of special note, were :
Fire department, $6,241.76 ; street work, repairing, sweeping, etc., $8,822.87 ;
street sprinkling, $8,969.18; street lighting, $7,803.01 ; total expense for
street interests, $25,595.06. Police department, $3,447.17; soup house de-
partment, $825.83; printing department, $1,768.87 ; sewer farm department,
$3,054.66; library department, $3,170.91.

Some of the valuations of city property in 1895 are : Sewer department,
$235,668; fire department, $23,525 ; library department, $30,500. The total
value of all property belonging to the city corporation is given as
$293,969.80.

The city's debts, March i, 1895, were : Fire and sewer bonds, $122,-
300, at 5 per cent interest ; library bonds, $6,375, at 7 per cent interest.
And at that date there was $4,966.77 cash in the city treasury.

The street work done by the city in 1894, was 129,479 square feet of
paving; 61,218 square feet of sidewalk; 22,051 lineal feet of grading;
49,535 lineal feet of curbing ; 53,026 lineal feet of guttering ; 14,365 lineal
feet of sewer construction.

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.

The first effort ever made toward organizing a Fire Company in Pasa-
dena occurred in January, 1885. Meetings were held on the 15th, 21st and
27th of that month, and on February 5th and 12th, at all of which Dr. H.
A. Reid presided. Of the first meeting the Valley Union said :

"At a public meeting held at the reading room of the Webster Hotel

DIVISION FOUR— BOOM. 29 1

Friday evening, at 8 p. m., agreeably to notice, Dr. H. A. Reid was elected
chairman and Martin Mullins secretary. Mr. F. B. Wetherby read a list of
names of twenty persons who volunteered to act as firemen. On motion the
chairman was authorized to appoint a committee of three to learn what
articles would be needed for extinguishing fires, and the cost of same.
Messrs. T. E. Martin, H. W. Magee and M. Mullins were appointed as such
committee ; and T. P. lyukens, Esq., was appointed to learn and report as to
the cost of articles needed. ' '

The hotel "reading room " referred to was the same that is now No. 16
west Colorado street, occupied by W. T. Clapp's real estate office and J. A.
Mclntyre's shoe store and shop. The Union of January 30th reported the
first "actual organization of a Fire Company, and I quote from it :

"Pursuant to a call, the citizens of Pasadena met Tuesday evening,
27th inst., 'at the reading room of the Webster Hotel to organize a Fire
Company, to be called the "Pasadena Fire Brigade." F. B. Wetherby
was nominated and unanimously elected president of the Company. T. E.
Martin was then put in nomination and elected secretary. W. B. Loughery
was next nominated and without a dissenting voice declared treasurer.
Charles Rose and John Ripley were then put in nomination for Foreman.
Mr. Ripley withdrew in favor of Mr. Rose, and the latter was then elected
by acclamation. John Ripley was then called to fill the position of Assistant
Foreman, and was declared elected by a full vote of all present. Next in
order was the appointment of a committee to draft a Constitution and By-
Laws for said company, and the chair appointed Messrs. H. Phillips and C.
Rose to draft the same and report to the next meeting."

No report of this committee was ever published ; but the Union of
February 13, publishes the following:

"Another fire meeting was held last evening at the reading room of the
Webster Hotel, Dr. Reid presiding. Mr. Wetherby read a proposition from
the Harper & Reynolds Company, for the furnishing of certain apparatus
for $450, to which Mr. Lukens supplemented a list of other articles swelling
the amount to $761.80."

The report then goes on to relate at length that R. Williams raised the
question whether the forming of a fire company and procuring apparatus
would reduce the exorbitant insurance rates ; also, what arrangement could
be made with the water companies ; — both of which points gave rise to
much discussion, and were finally referred to committees. Then Frank M.
Ward [as agent for Gen. Edwin Ward] subscribed $100 on behalf of the
General, and $20 for his own firm of Ward Bros. ; and Mr. Wetherbj^ was
appointed to solicit further subscriptions. But I could not find that any of
the committees ever made report ; and the whole project seems to have died
and left no sign. There were then very serious difficulties as to water supply
for any sort of engine, the water mains being only the original small caliber
sheet iron colony pipes. Geo. A. Greeley and Dr. Reid urged the formation
of a hook and ladder company, and that our own blacksmith and wagon
shops be employed to make some suitable ladders, some fire hooks, with

292 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

poles, chains and rope, and a truck to carry them, besides a suppty of
buckets, etc. But the young men who had given their names to form a fire
company were not willing to do anything about it unless money enough was
subscribed to procure fire hats and belts for them, and a nice engine of some
sort. And as nearly as I can learn, only about $150 was ever actually sub-
.scribed in this first movement. The next mention of this matter in print
was an item in the Union of November 27, 1885, which says :

" Last spring six or eight meetings were held, endeavoring to organize
a Pasadena Fire Company and procure suitable fire apparatus and water
facilities. It was found that it would take at least $1,000 ready money to
provide what was necessary, and less than $200 was ever subscribed. - Mr.
Greeley proposed that they organize a hook and ladder companj^ and procure
such tools for their use as could be made right here — one or two scaling
ladders ; perhaps two 24-foot pole-hooks, and one grappling hook, with chain
and suitable ropes. This was really the most practicable thing proposed,
and our late fire showed pretty plainly how useful they would have been."

I found nothing more of record in regard to this interest until August
25, 1887, when it appears that the First National Bank was appointed as the
city's financial agent to negotiate bonds for sewer, fire protection and other
improvements. Then the city clerk's book shows that on October 8, 1887,
resolution No. 52 was adopted, establishing a City Fire Department, com-
prising a Hook and I^adder Company and a Hose Company, with Robert
Hentig as Chief, at a salary of $10 per month. And there were to be 12
men to each company, with salaries of $20 per year each. On December
10, Chief Hentig reported the organization of these two companies completed.
On December 17, 1887, the city council accepted and confirmed the fol-
lowing list of first firemen enrolled under the ordinance creating a city fire
department : Peter Steil, J. W. Buttner, J. D. Johns, E. P. Dickey, Geo.
Draper, W. B. Mosher, Norman Henderson, I^. Crosby, C. A. Hughes,
A. S. Butterworth, Ed. Brown, C. A. Russell, John McCracken, A. W.
Eewis, W. Keys, F. E. Johnston, S. McDaniels, J. S. Mills, Geo. C. John-
ston, G. F. Farrer, C. Russell, Harry Haskins, Geo. Brown, T. W. Jeffers.
Total, 24.

Along in January or February the business men of the city subscribed
in small sums a loan to the city of $1,100 to purchase fire apparatus. The
outfit arrived about May i, and on May 8, 1888, the fire committee of the
city council reported a satisfactory test and public exhibit of the same.

June 4, 1888, the fire company elected John S. Mills president, C. Rus-
sell, vice-president, D. J.Jones, secretary, H. F. Cogswell, treasurer; C.
Russell, foreman,J. D. Jones, first assistant, W. H. Mowers, second assistant.
On June 19, the city council approved and confirmed these oflScers ; but mean-
while, on June 16, eighteen members had withdrawn from the company, and

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 293

the council appointed nineteen others to take their places.* On August i6,
another break occurred, and twelve names were dropped from member-
ship in the fire company, and the same number of new names were added
by the city council.

March 9, 1889, the council voted to purchase a No. 2 Silsby steam fire en-
gine, to be paid for with municipal improvement bonds. July 6,M.M. Parker,
then president of the city council, reported that the engine had arrived ; and
Geo. L,. Sanborn was appointed as engineer to take charge of it. He did
so temporarily, but declined to continue, and on July 20 H. H. Hillier was
appointed to the place. However, in the meantime, on July 13, president
[mayor] Parker had reported two satisfactory public tests of the machine,
and thereupon the purchase was completed by ordering the bonds delivered
to its manufacturers. This first fire engine in the city bears the name
"M. M. Parker."

August 22, Mr. Hillier resigned his place as engineer, and Geo. L- San-
born was appointed ; and the salary was fixed at $75 per month.

September 10, 1889, the city council adopted a series of 29 rules and
regulations to govern the fire department. One rule said : ' ' Intoxicating
liquors must not be kept nor allowed to be drank in any of the houses of
the department. And gambling is strictly prohibited."

Rule 26 reads : "The foreman of the engine, hose, or hook and ladder
company, shall report promptly to the chief engineer any member of his
company who at any time may be unfitted for momentary service by reason
of the 2ise of intoxicating drinks ; and any member of the department so re-
ported shall be suspended at once by the chief engineer. And any foreman
neglecting or refusing to enforce this rule shall be subject to removal."

In this connection occurs an historic episode to be here noted. The
minutes of fire company meetings from May 21 to September 24, 1888, show
J. D. Jones as secretary ; but the minutes of October 30, say : " The meet-
ing was called to order by chief engineer Jones;" and J. W. Mosher's
name is signed as secretary. And the minutes continue to name Jones as
chief, up to September 7, 1889. On August 14, 1889, F, V. Hovey was
elected secretary, and continues to hold that ofiice yet, 1894. I found
nothing in the city clerk's records to show how or when Jones became fire
chief; but they mention that on September 10, 1889, J. D. Jones was dis-
charged as such chief, and Robert Hentig appointed instead. And this is
explained by the fire company's minutes of September 7, from which I
quote :

" Voted, that the resignation of the Pasadena fire department as a body
be tendered the chief, to be handed in by him to the city council of Pasadena

*This wholesale withdrawal of old members seems to have been caused by the fact that they had
elected Peter Steil to be chief of the fire department, and the city council refused to confirm him — hence
he and his special friends went out. Mr. Steil was at this time in open antagonism with the council on
the liquor selling question, for he was arrested, had a jury trial, was found guilty, and adjudged a fine of
J150 only a month previously— to-wit : on May 19, 1888.

294 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

at their next meeting, September lo, if the question of salaries is not settled
at that meeting, — 13 for the motion and 2 against."

This is said to have been a kick against the rules or constitution estab-
lished by the city council quite as much or more than on the salary question.
At any rate, the result was that for a day or two Pasadena was at the mercy
of the fire fiend, as she had no fire department. But by September 15, chief
Hentig had the department fully manned again, reported his list of mem-
bers to the council, and they ratified and confirmed them, besides fixing the
salaries. The old company had gone out ; this was an entirely new organ-
ization, based on the twenty-nine rules laid down by the council, and is the
organization which continues to serve the city yet.

September 18, 1889, a night fire occurred, in which three of Mrs.
Beaton's children were burned to death. [See page 155.] The fire com-
pany was in nowise blamable for this terrible calamity ; yet it did fail to
reach the scene of the fire as soon as it ought, and a good deal of unreason-
able blame was cast upon it. A public investigation of the whole
matter was made by the council on September 28, resulting in a
verdict of censure upon the department ; then new instructions were
given to the company, and a fire alarm bell was ordered. Prior to this the
Baptist church bell had been used for fire alarm purposes ; and of course
there was no electric alarm system. The fire engine and other apparatus
was kept in a temporary structure on DeL,acy street below Colorado, and
horses were brought over from Wiley & Greeley's liver}^ stable to hitch on
when required. Things were not in shape yet for either very prompt or very
efficient service. The water mains, fire plugs, hose supply, and alarm
system were all inadequate for any urgent emergency. But this most cal-
amitous fire that had ever occurred here, in which three children were en-
tirely consumed and their mother seriously injured in her frantic efforts to
save them, led to vigorous measures toward improving and perfecting the
fire department.

On December 3, 1889, the fire engine house on Dayton street was ac-
cepted from the contractors who built it, and was occupied at once. Robert
Hentig resigned as chief, and A. S. Turbett was appointed to the place,
which he has filled ever since. January 4, 1890, Geo. A. Greeley was ap-
pointed assistant chief. January 25 the city bought from Richard Gird of
Chino five horses for the fire department, at a total cost of $1,235.30 — paid
in municipal bonds.

The work of the department now went on in pretty good .shape. The
old hook-and-ladder apparatus proved unequal to our needs, and a new out-
fit was ordered, which was received and accepted by the council on Decem-
ber 20, 1890. On January 24, 1891, the old truck, etc., was sold to the city
of Santa Monica tor $400. The old hose cart was sold there also.

In February, 1891, an electric fire alarm system was constructed

DIVISION FQUR — BOOM. 295

throughout the city ; and on March 7 A. M. CUfford, who then had charge
of the steam fire engine, was ordered by the city council to take charge also
of the fire alarm system — and his salary was therefore raised to $90 per
month. This position Mr. Clifford holds yet — 1894.

LIST OF FIRE DEPARTMENT ON AUGUST I, 1 894.

NAME. POSITION. SALARY PER MO.

A. S. Turbett, chief of fire department $15 00

F. V. Hovey, assistant chief and secretary 8 00

A. M. Clifford, steam engineer and electrician 90 00

S. W. Fancher, stoker, and driver of hose cart 50 00

J. O. Reynolds, driver of engine 60 00

A. B. Case, foreman of hose company 5 00

F. M'Afee, Wm. Barto, Lewis Allen, Geo. E Furman,

A. E. Bisbee, callmen, each 5 00

J. A. Mclntyre, foreman Hook and Ladder Co. (treasurer). 8 00

Henry Hutchinson, driver of hook and ladder truck 60 00

Edward Fouke, S. B. Beers, Gus. Banbury, Geo. Cla^^ter,

Harry Porter, callmen, each 5 00

The boiler of the fire engine is kept full of water at the boiling point,
continuously night and day, by means of a coke furnace and water heater
under the. floor and connected with the engine by pipes with automatic
valves, cut-offs, etc. The engine's fire-box is kept always primed with
quick-blaze kindling. The harnesses remain permanently attached to the
engine, but suspended and held open by slip-hooks. The horses stand
loose in their stalls behind the engine, with only a swing-bar before them ;
and they are trained when the electric gong in the room sounds an alarm, to
leap to their places, the harnesses drop down on them, three spring snaps
for each horse complete their attachment, and thus ordinarily in about ten
seconds from instant of alarm the engine begins to roll and plunge out, the
horses being trained to go on a tearing gallop at once and until the scene of
fire is reached. The engine weighs 7,725 pounds. If the alarm comes
from a station anywhere near the business center, the fixed match is im-
mediately struck in the fire-box, the blaze roars up, and inside of five min-
utes from instant of alarm the hose could be attached, and the engine
throwing water on top of the First National Bank, or the Carlton Block, or
Hotel Green, etc. The horses and harnesses for the hose cart and the
hook-and-ladder truck have the same arrangements for quick, prompt work,
the horses being all trained to leap to their own proper places when the
alarm sounds, and to go at their utmost speed through the streets. Every-
thing else — even the Salvation Army ! — must give way for them.

August I, 1894, there are in the city sixty fire-plugs, and eighteen
electric fire alarm stations or boxes. There are 1,900 feet of two-and-a-half
inch hose, warranted to withstand a water pressure of 400 pounds per
square inch, while the ordinary pressure in service is only from 125 to 175
pounds per square inch. The hose cart as it runs to a fire, loaded for ser-

296

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

vice, weighs 3,135 pounds. The hook-and-ladder truck carries one fifty-
foot and one thirty-foot extension ladder, besides fire-wall hook ladders, and
others. It also carries tour three-gallon Babcock chemical extinguishers.
Then there is the usual complement of hooks, chains, ropes, axes, etc., for
tearing down buildings to check the spread of a fire ; and a supply of
leather buckets. This truck and its outfit weigh 3,640 pounds, and eight
firemen are entitled to ride on it besides.

CHAPTER XV.

A Chapter of Three Bs. — The Banks. — The "Boom." — The Board of Trade.
Table of Incorporations.

BANKS.

The First National. — The first public mention of any bank project
in Pasadena occurred in the Valley Union of November 22, 1884, which
said :

"Yesterda}^ an organization was effected by electing the following
gentlemen a board of directors : P. M. Green, Henry G. Bennett, George
H. Bonebrake, J. Banbury, John Allin, D. Galbraith, and B. F. Ball. The
following officers were also elected : President, P. M. Green ; vice-pres-
ident, B. F. Ball ; cashier, D. Galbraith."

It was called simply the Pasadena Bank, and November 21, 1884,

appears as the date of its in-
corporation under the state
laws. But on May lOth,
1886, it was chartered under
United States law as the
' 'First National Bank of Pasa-
dena," its registry number
being 3,499. A few days
before this date the Union
contained the following as a
real estate item :

' ' The Los Angeles House
property, corner Fair Oaks
Avenue and Colorado street,
was sold for $25,000 to a
syndicate of capitalists com-
posed of Geo. H. Bonebrake,
P. M. Green, H. W. Magee,
B. F. Ball, J. H. Painter, R.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK BLOCK, 1886. Williams, H. G Beuuctt and

Architecture, Classic. Johu AUm. The property IS

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM.

297

363 feet on Colorado street by 293 Vg on Fair Oaks, containing within a fraction
of three acres of land. It also includes the well-known and popular " Los
Angeles House" hotel with all its furniture. The Pasadena bank is now
being reorganized as the First National Bank of Pasadena, and will have its
quarters on this property, taking the corner lot 45 x 120 feet, on which a
thoroughly fire-proof building will be erected."

The Board of Trade pamphlet of 1888 said, on page 21 :
"One year ago there was practically but one bank in Pasadena, the
second having just opened its doors. [The S. G. V. Bank.] The total de-
posits then were $412,924.46. The loans and discounts amounted to $268,-
209.77. As t^is w^ork goes to press the deposits in the banks of Pasadena
amount to $1,682,339.49, and the total loans $984,322.83. The total bank
capital a year ago was $50,000 ; today it amounts to $300,000. "

The following chronological exhibit was prepared by H. I. Stuart, a
bookkeeper in this bank, at my request, especially for this sketch, and forms
a most valuable and interesting table for future reference and comparison :

YEAR.

1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893

DEPOSITS.

December 31.

$ 148,966 75
583,719 18

1,039.057 72
514.194 73
341,840 00
382,079 81
417,106 16
484,027 04
403,522 39
550,970 64

LOANS AND
DISCOUNTS

December 31

$ 88,191 II
343,647 50
618,255 64
351,182 26
268,966 21
286,987 73
332,260 42

304,845 36
289,660 55
382,409 99

TOTAL VOLUME
OF BUSINESS.

$ 5,200,000 00
30,900,000 00
46,920,084 00
31,184,166 00
16,827,000 00
14,944,754 00
19,530,000 00
26,530,000 00
23,464,000 00
26,125,000 00

REMARKS.

(^ These were the

i " boom " years.

Boom collapsed.

The Daily Star of June 9, 1895, reports the annual meeting of this
bank on the 8th, and says :

"The following directors were elected for the ensuing year: P. M.
Green, B. F. Ball, Geo. H. Bonebrake, H. G. Bennett, H. M. Hamilton, A.
K. McQuilling, O. S. Picher. This is a re-election of the entire board. The
same ofiicers were also elected to-wit : P. M. Green, president ; B. F. Ball,
vice-president ; A. H. Conger, cashier ; Ernest H. May, assistant cashier.

The reports of the officers show that the volume of deposits, loans and
discounts done by the bank for 1894 was the largest since the most prosper-
ous 3^ear of the boom. Its capital is $100,000; its surplus $60,000, and at
the close of business October 2 last, it had resources to the amount of
$735,691.51. At that date its deposits amounted to $555,942.62. Hon. P.
M. Green has been president of this bank continuously since its first organi-
zation."

The San Gabriel Valley Bank. — This bank was organized under
the state law, and its articles of incorporation filed February 6, 1886, the
Ward Brothers having been prime movers in the matter. Capital stock,
$50,000 — all paid in. The Union of May 21, said :

"The San Gabriel Valley Bank will open for business in its elegant
quarters in the Ward Block Monday. The capital stock of $50,000 has all

298 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

been subscribed by citizens of Pasadena. Frank M. Ward has been elected
president ; Alonzo Tower, vice-president, and B. W. Bates, cashier. The
directors are F. M. Ward, Alonzo Tower, B. W. Bates, C. S. Martin, L3'man
Craig, J. G. Miller, Walter R. E. Ward."

In September, 1886, Mr. Bates bought for the bank a lot 25x75 feet, at
the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Colorado street, from Charles A. Gard-
ner for $4,500. The bank put up a building for its own use on this lot,
moved into it, and remains there yet. About October ist this year the bank
was reorganized, electing H. W. Magee, president ; J. W. Hugus, vice-
president ; Bates, cashier. And the following notice was officiall}^ published :

' ' The individual property both real and personal of the stockholders of
this bank is pledged as security to its patrons for the bank's transactions."

In 1887 Col. W. A. Ray was elected president. He resigned in April,
1890, and H. W. Magee was elected again to fill the vacancy. Then in
1 89 1 Frank C. Bolt was elected president, and still continues. The officers
in 1895 are: F. C. Bolt, president; S. Washburn, vice-president; Geo. B.
Post, cashier. Directors : Bolt, Washburn, W. S. Wright, J. W. Hugus,
Webster Wotkyns, C. S. Cristy, H. C. Allen. At my request the following
table was furnished of business done by this bank in successive years .

LOANS AND LOANS AND

YEAR. DEPOSISTS. DISCOUNTS. YEAR. DEPOSITS. DISCOUNTS.

1887 $157,979 67 $ 78,569 63 1892 $146,181 90 I119.954 95

1888 238,156 44 158,751 86 1893 199.391 14 162,693 31

1889 86,149 94 97.788 22 1894 185,104 04 152,359 71

1890 68,764 56 68,174 98 1895 255,537 18 187,337 56

1891 94,184 84 77,109 59

In February, 1891, a Savings Department was opened, this right having
been granted in the orignal charter of the bank, with individual liabilitj^ of
the stockholders the same as provided in security for other depositors. And
in January, 1895, it had about six hundred savings depositors recorded.

The Pasadena National Bank. — The Pasadena U?iio7i oi Oct. 16,
1886, gave a report of the founding of this bank, from which I quote the
points of chief historic interest :

"This bank was organized February 15, 1886, under the laws govern-
ing National banks, with a paid up capital of $50,000. The directors are :
I, W. Hellman. of the Farmers and Merchants bank of I^os Angeles ; E. F.
Spence, of the First National bank of Eos Angeles ; Dr. Wm. Conver.se,
president of the Dime Savings bank of Chicago ; Geo. A. Swartwout of the
Pasadena Hardware Co. ; and C. H. Conver.se, late a Inisine.ss man of
Chicago. Officers : Hellman, president ; Spence, vice-president ; Swart-
wout, cashier."

Mr. Swartwout was one of the owners of the new Exchange block
(Carlton hotel), and therefore elegant quarters for the bank had been pro-
vided therein while the block was being erected. Here the bank first
opened its doors for business on Monday, October 18, 1886; and $25,000
deposits were made during the first day.

DIVISION FOUR-

BOOM.

299

This bank was custodian of the $6,061.50 indemnity pledge fund put
up by business men of Pasadena in 1887, to secure their prohibitory ordi-
nance and sustain it through the courts. [See page 248.]

In January, 1S89, Mr. Swartwout retired and was succeeded by A. H.
Conger, as cashier. Then in January, 1891, Mr. Conger resigned, in order
to take the position of cashier in the First National bank ; and he was suc-
ceeded by T. P. lyukens as cashier. In 1888 the capital had been increased
from $50,000 to $100,000.

In January, 1895, this bank moved into its magnificent new rooms in
the Masonic temple, corner Raymond avenue and Colorado street ; and on
Saturday, January 26, the officers and directors received their friends there
for the first time, to inspect the very complete provision they had made of
every known device for burglar-proof safety of vaults, and for comfort, ex-
pedition and accuracy in carrying on the business. The L,os Angeles
Times reported that the vault foundation was of concrete five feet thick,
with 5,000 interlinked old horseshoes worked into the mixture. At my re-
quest the following chronological exhibit was furnished from the bank
records to accompany this historical sketch :

Pasadena National Bank, Incorporated October 11, 1886.

AVERAGE

AVERAGE

DEPOSITS.

LOANS.

1887

$248,500

$169,800

1888

184,800

163,000

1889

98,100

147,100

1890

63,000

81,800

I89I

63,600

101,700

1892

136,600

124,800

1893

161,100

133.900

1894

176,900

148,800

REMARKS.

Officers : President, Hon. T. P. I^ukens ;
Vice-president, Wm. Stanton ; Cashier, E.
B. Jones.

Board of Directors : G. Roscoe Thomas,
L. P. Hansen, Wm. Stanton, James Cam-
bell, E. E. Jones, Hon. T. P. Eukens.

I

Savings Banks. — In 1887 C. T. Hopkins opened the first Savings
Bank attempted in Pasadena, in his then new block, corner of Fair Oaks
Avenue and Union street, with Otto Froelich as cashier or manager ; but it
did not succeed, and was given up after a few months, and the build-
ing leased to the city for its offices, council room, court room, etc.

Savings Department of San Gabriel Valley Bank. [See page 298.]

Union Savings Bank. — The next Savings Bank venture is thus set
forth in the Weekly Star oi February 6, 1895 :

' ' The proposed new savings bank to be established here, with offices in
the Masonic Temple block, filed its articles of incorporation February i,
under the name of the Union Savings bank. Its purpose is to do a general
and exclusive savings bank business, under the laws of California, and its
capital stock is placed at $50,000 ; shares $100 each. The directors named
are H. C. Durand, Dr. Norman Bridge, Robt. Eason, H. M. Gabriel, A. R,

300 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Metcalfe. All the stock is subscribed, some of the principal stockholders
being the directors above named, and Rev. Dr. Eli Fay, Dr. G. R. Thomas,
Dr. R. J. Mohr, J. S. Torrance, John Allin, Thos. Earley, T. J. Martin,
Dr. N. A. Dalrymple, H. M. Eutz, H. M. Singer, Gardner & Webster,
F. D. Stevens, J. R. Greer, E. C. Griffith, J. C. Maguire, Conrad & Hotal-
ing, Dr. E. E. Gaylord, Rev. Dr. E. E. Conger."

This bank opened its doors for business in the Masonic Temple, Ray-
mond Avenue front, March 6, 1895, with H. M. Gabriel, president; Robert
Eason, vice-president ; Chas. A. Smith, cashier.

BUILDING AND LOANS.

Pasadena Building and Loan Association. — Organized on Tues-
day evening, June 8, 1886, at a meeting in the Valley Union printing office.
The capital stock was fixed at $250,000, in shares of $200 each, payable in
monthly installments of $1 each. Articles of incorporation were adopted
and signed, with the following board of directors : E. C. Webster, J. W.
Wood, Edson Turner, B. S. Eaton, P. M. Green, B. F. Ball, Thos. Ban-
bury. Mr. Green was appointed treasurer; R. W. Abbott, secretary ; N. P.
Conrey, attorney ; and $20,000 was subscribed on the spot. July 5 was set
for the next regular business meeting. The Unioji of June 18 printed a list
of fifty-six persons who had subscribed for a total of 525 shares of stock in
this Association. The same paper of July 16 contained an official notice by
the secretary that the said business meeting would be held July 17, the first
appointment having failed. Then the paper of July 23 contained notice
that the meeting had been deferred till July 24. And this was the last
living whisper that I could catch of this particular " Building Association."
It was swamped in the surf-tide of the rising " boom."

Mutual Building and Loan Association. — This body was incor-
porated July 20, 1892, with the following board of directors-.

DIRECTORS. NO. SHARES. AM'T. DIRECTORS. NO. SHARES. AM'T.

T. P. Lukens 35 | 3,500 00 W. R. Staats 70 7,000 00

J. D. Lincoln 10 1,000 00 B. W. Hahn 10 ],ooo 00

F. H. Vallette 100 10,000 00 A. L. Hamilton 30 3,000 00

C. W. Mann 5 500 00 ^o $267oooto

The capital stock is fixed at $2,000,000, in 20,000 shares of $100 each.
A report made June 30, 1893, showed loans on real estate, $4,100; loans on
mortgages, $4,900. Receipts from monthly dues, $3,970.75. T. P. Lukens,
president, and Benj. W. Hahn, secretary.

The annual report of June 30, 1894, gave the following figures : Total
of loans on real estate, $10,400 ; dues paid by members, $4,967.50. Num-
ber of members, 62. Number borrowing, 12. Number shares in force,
878. A semi-annual report, January 2, 1895, gave . Dues paid in, to date,
$10,080. Undivided profits, July i, 1884, $811.75. Money on hand sub-
ject to call of borrowers, $1,890. C. E. Getchell is now the secretary —
July, 1895.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM.

301

Pasadena Security Investment Company. — Organized September
I, 1894. State certificate of incorporation dated February 23, 1895. Capi-
tal stock, $50,000, in 500 shares of 100 each. Board of directors : Geo. H.
Coffin, Edwin Stearns, K. T. Howe, C. E. Getchell, J. K. Urmston.
Officers: Coffin, president; Howe, vice-president; Getchell, secretary;
Stearns, treasurer.

PASADENA'S CAPITALISTS.

Here, in connection with the story of our banks, is the proper place to
give the list of Pasadena people whose property was assessed in 1894 at
$10,000 or over. The list was compiled and published by the Los Angeles
Daily Journal oi ^^hrnoxy 19, 1895, for the whole county. The assessment
of course was only for property in Los Angeles county ; and I have com-
piled from the entire list those who reside in or adjoining Pasadena, or have
their property here :

Allen, Wm. (heirs of) $ 53>420

Baker, P. C. (heirs of) 23,000

Ball, B. F 36,575

Banbury, Thomas 12,150

Banta, Mary G 15,55°

Bartlett, J. S 15,270

Bennett, H. G 13,000

Brigden, A 12,910

Brockway, Justus 15,100

Brown, Annie M 13,000

Brown, Calvin W 11,800

Callender, A. M 10,860

Carlton Block Co 36,000

Carter, J. M 24,000

Cristy, Charles S 18250

Crank, J. F 43, 000

Dobbins, Mrs. C. W 15,100

Fish, Milford 25,840

Foster, Charles 10,360

Frost, E. S 26,585

Gilchrist, Mrs. J. D 13,750

Goodwin, A. A 11,400

Green, P. M 13,500

Green, George G 146,550

Hansen, L,. P 17, 553

Hastings, C. H 76,988

Hugus, J. W 13,000

Hull, Mrs. A. V. B 10,100

Hurlbut, E. F 19,125

Kernaghan, G. F 10,300

Kinney, Abbot 98,785

Legge, Charles 19,515

Lordsburg Land Co 11,985

Lowe, T. S. C 58,970

McArthur, John 12,435

McGee, Mary E 18,535

E.J

McQuilling, A. K $ 11,190

McNally, A 10,130

Mabury, H 10,400

Macomber, H. K 14,000

Magee, H. W 11,600

Markham, H. H. ) 24,365

Markham, H. H. / 16,425

Newton, J. C 15,815

Painter, M. D 29,095

Pasadena & Mt. W. R. R. Co 14,100

Pasadena L. V. L. & W. Co 21,855

Pasadena L. & W. Co 15,880

Patton, Geo. S 12,035

Patten, Ruth, et al 31,106

Raymond, Walter 30,840

Reed, S. G 21,500

Rowan, G. D 52,510

San Gabriel Wine Co 43,895

Scoville, Mary A 10,645

Skillen, C. M 12, 455

Singer, H. M I5,795

Smith, James 25.823

Stanton, William 20,950

Stevens, F. D 11,970

Stimson, G. W 26,475

Stoneman, Mary 0 13,905

Stuart, W. C 20,270

Talcott, Ellen H ",335

Tebbetts, C. E 11,915

Thomas, G. Roscoe 17,680

Torrance, J. S 12,550

Turner, Esther 27,046

Vandevort, J. W 23,880

Wilson, Margaret S 12,140

Woodbury, F.J 27,600

Wooster, P. G 23,100

Mrs. Arcadia

Baldwin, of the great Baldwin ranch, $393,950
Bandini de Baker, $264,255.

THE STORY OP THE BOOM.

Just when the "boom" commenced it is difficult to determine. The

302 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

truth rather is that it grew spontaneously out of occasional spurts of specu-
lative adventure. Nevertheless, of course there were beginnings of these
things ; and I have gathered some instances to illustrate how it grew little
by little from small beginnings, until it became an epidemic mania of gamb-
ling in land values, by which a few made fortunes, and many lost their all.

In 1875 P. G. Wooster bought ten acres at $55 per acre, less 12 per
cent for spot cash. On April 14, 1887, he sold i]/, acres of this same land
for $36,300 [exclusive of the buildings then on it], and g-oi the money. This
was the land now known as Hotel Green park. The next day he sold the
land where Hotel Green stands for $35,000 ; but before he got his pay the
boom bursted, and he had trouble and loss in the matter.

In November, 1877, A. F. Mills bought 15 acres at the southwest corner
of Fair Oaks Avenue and Colorado street, out of the original Berry &
Elliott tract, and paid $100 per acre for it ; and he says this was the first time
that so high a price had been paid for any land in the colony.

P. G. Wooster reports that in 1878 the taxes on his ten-acre home lot
were $7.68, and adds : "In 1893, on 3,060 square feet less than one acre of
the same ground I paid $154 county and state tax, and about the same
amount as cit}^ tax."

February i, 1882, Wesley Bunnell bought five acres from E. P. Eittle
for $2,000. In 1884 he sold a ^-acre strip on the west side of Little Avenue
from Colorado to Union street to Frank Eowe for $1,500. In 1885 Lowe
sold this lot to H. J. WooUacott of Eos Angeles for $3,200; and Woollacott
built on it the row of one-story frame store rooms which stand there yet —
1895. In 1886 Woollacott sold the same land in separate lots for $12,800.

During the winter of 1883-4 Charles Legge bought from a man named
Chapman ten acres of the land now known as "Grace Hill." His friends
marveled at his foolish purchase — wondered what in the world Charley
wanted of it, or could ever do with it, for he couldn't get water up onto it,
and they didn't believe fruit would grow well there ! But when in five
weeks he sold it for $r,ooo more than he had paid for it, he was not "foolish"
any more, but became the hero of the hour. The "boom" had fairly
struck Pasadena, and this was its biggest gun, up to that date. Then other
men all over the colony began to itch for a spell of the same sort of " fool-
ishness ' ' which less than two months before they had twitted Charley Eegge
of. [See article "Grace Hill."]

In 1885 thtr boom began to swell in volume and force ; and a case in
point I here quote from the Valley Union of October 30, 1895 :

" Real estate has boomed in Pasadena the past week. Among some of
the leading transactions are the following : E. C. Webster has bought of Col.
J. Banbury the two lots on Colorado street where Ridgway & Ripley's office
and the planing mill stands, 48 feet front by 150 feet deep, for $2,000. On
the same day Mr. Webster sold one of these lots to Gen. Edwin Ward for
$1,250, a clean profit of $250 in one day.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 303

" On Saturday Mr. Webster made the purchase from Gen. Ward for
Mr. A. Cruickshank, our dry goods merchant, of the lot adjoining the
Harper & Reynolds store, known as the " Boss Forge" lot, 37^ feet front,
for $3,500 ; and on the same day Mr. Webster bought of Gen. Ward, also
for Mr. Cruickshank, a lot fronting on Fair Oaks Avenue, between Williams'
block and Hentig's plumbing shop, 25 feet front and extending back to the
"Boss Forge " lot. The price of this was $1,000, and it is purchased as an
outlet to the lots fronting on Colorado. On the following Monday evening
Mr. Webster also purchased of Dr. Radebaugh the latter' s fine lot 50 feet
front by 208 deep, on Colorado street, adjoining the " Boss Forge " lot, for
$4,500.* On the two Colorado street lots — the "Boss Forge" and the
Radebaugh lot — having an aggregate frontage of 91 feet, there is now to be
erected by a company consisting of A. Cruickshank, G. A. Swartwout, Gen.
Edwin Ward and E. C. Webster, a magnificent brick block, three stories
high and divided into four stores."

These latter transactions all pertain to land where the Carlton Hotel
now stands.

The Pasadena Union of March 12, 1886, footed up real estate sales
amounting to $101,000 which had been made within the three days — March
loth, nth, 1 2th. As a time-bubble, this beat the record.

The first boom sale of lots in Pasadena, with "grand excursion, brass-
band and free-lunch attachments," was worked up by the real estate firm of
Ward Bros., early in 1886 ; and as a prelude to the sensational novelty the
Valley Union of February 5th reported thus :

" Ward Brothers have made a big sale this week, being 20 acres of Dr.
O. H. Conger's land on Colorado street and Pasadena Avenue, for $15,000
cash.f The purchasers are a syndicate, seven in number, as follows : B.
W. Bates (late of New York city, now occupying Ward Brothers' dwelling
here), Frank M. Ward, Walter R. E. Ward, P. M. Green, A. O. Porter,
C. S. Martin and H. G. Bennett. The purchase does not include Dr. Con-
ger's dwelling property but lies east of the orange orchard. The tract is E
shaped, the longer stem of which has 363 feet frontage on Colorado street,
adjoining A. K. McQuiUing's. At this width, 363 feet, it runs back 1,200
feet to the rear of McOuilling's land, and thence for 600 feet further, widens
sufficiently to reach Pasadena Avenue. The purchase is for purpose of sub-
division."

The syndicate opened up through this tract Vernon Avenue, Grove
street, and an extension of Kansas [now Green] street. The auction took
place on Tuesday, February 23, 1886. A trainload of people came up from
Eos Angeles to see the fun, hear the brass band, and eat the free lunch,
which latter consisted of beef sandwiches, bread and butter, oranges and
lemonade. Out of eighty-four lots offered, seventy- seven were sold, the
prices ranging all along from $520, paid by J. W. Wood, down to $x8o paid
by J. S. Mills for one out of six lots bought by him — the others being at higher

* Dr. Radebaugh had bought this lot four years before for |250.
t Dr. Conger had paid only $2,000 for his whole 30 acres.

304 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

figures. The first lot sold was struck off" to Rev. Dr. J. G. Miller, at $510 ;
and he bought nine lots in all. Twenty-five different persons made pur-
chases. The sales footed up a total of $22,140. This set the fashion for
the boom era ; and brass-band free-lunch excursion laud sales followed in
quick succession all over South California. During this historic sale a
spirit level was set on a tripod on the ground for everybody to take a sight
on, and see that these lots were just on a level with the Raymond Hotel
kitchen, and with Marengo Avenue at Colorado street. This rectified some
of our Californian optical illusions of altitude, and was a puzzle and
mystery of great interest to many of the visitors, especially the new-
comers.

September 10, 1886, a lot 25x75 feet, where the San Gabriel Valley
bank now stands, was sold to the bank company for $4,500. And in Decem-
ber of the same year Wallace Bros, and C. S. Martin bought from M.
Rosenbaum about three acres at corner of Orange Grove Avenue and Col-
orado Court for $17,000. They laid it out in residence lots, and opened
Grand Avenue through it.

It was in March, 1886, that occurred the great boom sale of the sub-
divided five acres known as the " Central School lot." This was one of
the most notable historic events in our city's career. [See full particulars of
it on pages 164 65.]

" I^ess than four years ago A. F. Mills sold to Jacob Hisey fifty feet
frontage on Fair Oaks Avenue for $150 ; and Mr. Hisey sold the same lot
last week for $3,100 to Dr. Henderson of lyOS Angeles." — Utiion, June 11,
1886.

In January, 1887, Thos. R. Hayes owned thirteen acres at the corner
of Lake Avenue and Villa street, for which he had paid $11,000, and he
sold it to Dr. R. K. Janes and B. W. Bates for $18,000.

THK REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE.

The most conspicuous boom event of 1887 was the organization and
brief career of the Real Estate Exchange, which commenced business Sep-
tember I, 1887. Some of its objects as set forth to the public were :

" To maintain principles of honesty and fair dealing in the operations
of licensed real estate brokers. ' '

" To stimulate greater activity in real estate," etc.

"To give the business ' a position of dignity and responsibility,' " etc.

"To devise, encourage and foster schemes of public improvement and
benefit to the city at large." [This feature developed later into the "Board
of Trade " organization.]

"To throw safeguards around inexperienced owners or purchasers,"
etc.

"To make contracts, deeds, conveyances, etc., in proper form to secure
the rights of both seller and buyer, under the laws of California," etc.
And on page 8 of the associatioti's pamphlet this passage occurs :

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 305

' ' The following schedule of legal points as to the rights of women in
huying or selling real estate was originally prepared by Dr. H. A. Reid for
the use of his own firm, the lyyman Allen Land Co., and is now permitted
to be published for general information." Then follows an explanation of
how contracts or deeds must be worded when there is a woman in the case,
either married, single, or widow, to guard her separate property rights.

Commissions were 5 per cent, on sales up to $1,000, and 2^ per cent,
on amounts over $1,000. For renting property the charge was 10 per cent,
of first month's rent, and 5 per cent, for collections thereafter.

The ofl&cers of the exchange were : W. L,. Carter, president ; Col. J.
Banbury, vice-president : Hon. P. M. Green, treasurer ; J. R. Riggins,
secretary ; E. D. Hough, office manager, and editor of the Daily Bulletin.
Directors : Carter, Banbury, Riggins, H. W. Ogden and J. C. Studebaker.
Then there were standing committees on finance, on exchange and member-
ship, on arbitration, on public enterprises and information. A list of mem-
bers published in September, showed 149 real estate firms then in Pasadena.
A revised list published February 20, 1888, showed 142 — so 7 had dropped
out of the ranks. A daily and weekly paper called The Bulletin^ was pub-
lished. [See page 220.]

Many of the firms had two, three, or four members, so that a total of at
least two hundred men were engaged in the real estate business for a few
months. A large proportion of them were men without literary culture or
skill, and with no experience as conveyancers — yet all making out papers
for their own customers. And this accounts for the many defective papers
in real estate transactions which so often resulted in lawsuits or other
troubles in later months.

BOARD OF TRADE PAMPHLETS.

Early in 1888 the Board of Trade issued a pamphlet of 40 pages,
beautifully illustrated, and on page 22 this statement Was made :

' ' The extraordinary migration to Pasadena of homeseekers has resulted
in a sudden rise in real estate values, and in two years property has in-
creased in the business center from $40 per front foot to $800, and the actual
values of land for the purposes for which it is required are far from being
reached yet. Probably more fortunes have been made in real estate here in
the past two years than in any city in the country, and the transactions for
the year past amount to $12,786,263. The sales have been the result of
what in the East is known as a " boom.''

This was a boom pamphlet, well written, neatly printed, and artistic-
ally illustrated and embellished. And it is both sad and amusing now to
look it over and see how many boom projects and enterprises mentioned,
pictured or described in its pages fell dead when " the boom bursted." On
page 18 it gives $1,987,800 as the cost of buildings erected within the
fifteen months preceding January i, 1888. And on page 34 there is a
schedule of wages paid during that period, as follows :

20

306 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

"Skilled masons, ^6 per day ; carpenters (foremen), $5 ; ordinary car-
penters, $3.50 to $4; laborers, $2 to $2.50 : men for ranch work, $30 per
month with board and lodging ; plasterers, $4 to $5 per day or 36 cents per
yard; lathers, $4 to $4.50; painters, $3.50 to $4; plumbers, $4.50; tin-
ners, $3.50 to $4; car drivers, $2; blacksmiths, $2.50 to $3.50; book-
keepers, $75 to $150 per month ; clerks, $50 to $75 ; house-servants, $25 to
$35 per month ; nurse girls, $20 to $25 ; housekeepers, $25 to $40 ; harness-
makers, $3 to $4 per day ; bakers, $30 to $40 per month ; butchers, $30
to $50."

I thought this list of wages rates worth preserving for historic interest
and future reference. And I find that a slip, dated October i, 1888, was
pasted into the pamphlets at this point after that date, which stated :
" When the matter for this pamphlet was written the representations on the
subject of mechanics' wages were strictly true. Since that time, however,
the wages of skilled mechanics have declined 25 per cent." Of course that
meant that the boom had passed its climax and was now on the decline.

One of the curiosities of this boom time was a petition signed by
seventy qualified electors which was presented to the city council on May 2,
1888. It asked to have the city boundaries extended northward one mile be-
yond the foot of the Sierra Madre momitaiiis, eastward to Hill Avenue, west-
ward to west bank of the Arroyo, but south line to remain as it was. [This
would have taken in Echo Mountain and the summit crests of the front
range — would have incorporated the mountains. ~\ Some persons wanted
this extension as a means to boom certain lands, water-rights, etc. ; while
others wanted it to get their homes under protection of Pasadena's prohib-
itory law, for the Board of Trade pamphlet had said of the board of city
trustees (page 25) "to its intelligent action and good judgment Pasadena
owes the stippressio?i of saloons, making Pasadena a temperance city." La-
manda Park was a saloon town, and under an erroneous impression that the
propOvSed new boundaries took in their village (although it did not come
within a mile of it), they sent in the same day a vigorous protest against
the extension. The saloon men had smelled danger a great way off", and
rushed to the rescue. Both documents were referred to a special committee.

Pending further action by the council, the city attorney was called to
attend a mass meeting at North Pasadena and stand up as a well-spring of
legal wisdom, to be worked like a town pump, ad libitum, on questions of
corporate extension, legal procedure, boundary description, representation
in city council, increased taxation, benefits accruing, etc., etc., etc. It was
a trying ordeal for a young man [F. J. Policy]; but every pull of the pump
handle brought up pure juice of the law, and every man's little cup of in-
quiry was filled.

May 22 the matter came before the city council again in regular course.
The attorney .showed that the boundary descriptions were too indefinite for
any legal procedure to rest upon ; and they were referred back to petitioners

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 307

for correction. In a few weeks the petition came again, with boundaries
properly described by official survey points, also taking in Ivinda Vista, and
having 172 signers. But there were three diiferent remonstrances filed
against it ; and the whole matter was dropped.

By 1889 the boom was pretty well on the down grade. As early as
about April i, 1888, Prof. J. D. Yocum had occasion to make public reply
to accusations against himself and son in regard to a great land-booming
scheme at lyucerne, in San Diego county, in which a number of Pasadena
men were concerned. And he said :

" I am sorry for Mr. H.. and for ourselves, and for all who suffer be"
cause of the collapse of everything at Lucerne. We go down with
$100,000, Mr. H. with $20,000, as he reckons ; a number of others with as
much or more in proportion to their means ; and who could have avoided
the collapse ? Who can indemnify?"

E. C. Webster commenced without capital in 1885, and became one of
the most extensive real estate operators and successful ' ' boomers ' ' in Pasa-
dena. Yet when the collapse came he went into insolvency, with the fol-
lowing statement of assets and liabilities, which I quote as an item of our
boom history, from the Star of April 24, 1889 :

"The following showing is made in the petition : Value of real estate,
$169,500; value of personal property, $35,054; amount of debts due,
$50,561 ; amount of incumbrances on real estate, $151,448; amount of in-
cumbrances on personal property, $64,892. His creditors number 156, of
whom 130 are unsecured. Fifty-two hold Mr. Webster's notes for various
amounts."

Of course there were many other cases analagous to these which did
not come into newspaper publicity ; these did, and therefore I could cite
them as illustrative instances in the great collapse, without being subject to
the charge of trenching upon private affairs.

AFTKR THE BOOM.

When the fever-height of the land-gambling mania had passed, there
was still some real estate business going on — largely of cases where people
were trying to crawl out from under the wreck and unload their holdings at
any price. Hence the market went down very low. But here is a case that
came through the breakers with colors all flying :

"Last week Geo. W. Stimson sold the fine building site known as Grace
Hill, near the Raymond, for $25,000. It was in the market at same price
three years ago, at height of the boom. The purchaser-, Wm. Stanton of
Pittsburg, Pa., will build a residence there worthy of the site." — Pasadena
Stajidard, March 2g, i8go.

However, the real estate business of 1890 was mostly a clearing up of
wreckage. But 1891 began to show up business again. The Star of
August 26, 1891, printed a list of 550 transfers during the year, from Jan-

308 HISTORY OF PASADENA,

uary ist to August i, as found in the county records, which made a total
sale record of $1,244,585. And the same paper of December 24th said :

' ' Today we supplement the record for those seven months by that for
the remaining five months of 1891, making the record for the year com-
plete— a total of $1,714,195.

The Board of trade pamphlet of 1892 summarized the boom period and
its outcome in this fashion :

' ' Pasadena was enveloped in the very center of the greatest boom in
improvements and land speculation known in America ; the location, water,
soil and climate were the causes. Pasadena has emerged from the fearful
shock more beautiful than ever — a clean, well-kept, orderly municipality.
A sound, healthful growth is again in progress. * * The temporary
check that was put upon the progress of the city by the reaction from the
speculative fever, was not accompanied by disastrous and panicky interrup-
tions to the course of legitimate business. There were no bank failures or
serious embarrassments. Today the condition of our banks is better than
it ever was ; merchants, manufacturers, railway companies, professional men
and other classes of the community have done a better business during the
past year than for any similar period since 1888. During 1891 the two
National banks and the State bank established here, which are capitalized to
the amount of $250,000, did a volume of business amounting to about
$40,000,000."

A table of real estate transactions in Pasadena during 1894, compiled
from the county records, gave the following exhibit of values :

January $ 66,985 May $139,837 September 1131,632

February 45,000 June 93, m October 82,100

March .' 199,635 July 87,000 November 102,086

April 67,951 August 127,770 December (estimated) 72,119

Total for the year $1,214,726

THE BOARD OF TRADE.

The real estate exchange was organized in August, 1887, and com-
prised a large proportion of the most enterprising and public-spirited busi-
ness men of the city, for nearly everybody went dabbling in real estate
ventures in some way. One of the declared objects of that real estate
organization was, " To devise, encourage and foster schemes of public im-
provement and benefit to the city at large," etc. Under this the business
men learned to confer and work together as an organized body on matters
of public concern, — whereas, before it had always depended on some one
man to voluntarily stir about and get up an interest in any such ma^^ter,
when the occasion arose. However, it became very evident in a few months
that something larger and more comprehensive was needed on this line ;
and after being talked over in a general way for some weeks, a public meet-
ing was held in Williams hall to take practical action thereon. The meeting
was called to order by Col. J. Banbury, vice-president of the real estate
exchange. Col. W. A. Ray, then president of the San Gabriel Valley
bank^ was made chairman and E. E. Fordham, secretary. Steps were then

I

DIVISION FOUR BOOM. 309

taken and committee appointed to complete the organization of a Board
OF Trade ; and the county records give March 22, 1888, as the date of its
incorporation. The board of directors named were W. A. Ray, Enoch
Knight, J. Banbury, W. U. Masters, J. H. Painter, B. A. O'Neil, and G.
A. Swartwout. At a meeting on April 12, 1888, the first permanent organ-
ization was effected by electing W. U. Masters, president ; W. A. Ray,
vice-president; E. E. Fordham, secretary; G. A. Swartwout, treasurer. The
objects and purposes of the organization were thus stated to the public :

' ' To arouse and concentrate public opinion upon all matters of vital
importance to Pasadena. To gather and disseminate information concerning
the resources of Pasadena for the benefit of immigrants, capitalists, and
business men seeking homes or investments therein ; to aid and encourage
the establishment of such manufactories as may be essential to utilize the
various products of the soil ; and to stimulate the establishment of such
other industries as may be requisite and necessary for the wants or necessi-
ties of the people ; and to aid and encourage the same by securing, when
practicable the donation of lands for building and yard. To procure for the
city of Pasadena such privileges and concessions from railway and other
corporations or individuals as may from time to time be suggested by the
wants and necessities of the people, and the business interests of the city.
To watch over and aid the business of the city government ; to petition for all
needed legislation ; and to bring to bear the true sentiments of the people
on behalf of wise and energetic and comprehensive municipal adminis-
tration."

After one year of work a reckoning was made, and I quote results :

THINGS THE BOARD OF TRADE DID.

The following is a summary of President W. U. Masters' report at the
annual meeting in April, 1889, showing what matters of public interest the
Board of Trade has dealt with during the preceding year :

"The board was organized April 12, 1888, and the first point given atten-
tion was a proposition to establish an iron foundry, which came to nothing.
Then followed the entertainment of the delegates to the State Democratic
convention ; a proposition to establish a fruit cannery made by L,. J. Ben-
nett ; appointment of a committee to secure reduction of assessment values ;
proposition of M. W. McGee to bore for gas or oil ; distribution of real
estate exchange pamphlets ; celebration of Memorial Day by invitation of
the G. A. R.; proposition to establish a watch factory; celebration of the
Fourth of July ; exhibition of stereopticon views in Columbus, O., to several
thousand people ; advertising in the Phillips railway guide ; recommendation
to the city council to appoint a local board of forestry and to encourage the
planting of trees ; the writing of letters to the eastern press by Prof. Holder ;
the entertainment of 150 school teachers from the east; entertainment of
delegates to the Sovereign lyodge of Odd Fellows ; agitation of the water
question and reading of Judge Eaton's address on the subject ; recommenda-
tion to the city council to amend ordinance 45 ; the appointment of a com-
mittee to devise a system of water supply for the city, and secure better
defense from fire ; the obtainment of improved train service to I^os Angeles ;

3IO HISTORY OF PASADENA.

the effort to secure a better cemetery site for the city ; the distribution in
the east of photographic views of this city ; the suppression of damaging
rumors as to the prevalence of typhoid fever in this city ; the tender of aid to
the suffering poor of Dakota ; entertainment of the Editorial Association of
Southern California ; the efforts to secure the establishment of an astro-
nomical observatory on Mt. Wilson ; co-operation in the effort to obtain
relief of debtors under real estate contracts ; memorial to the Legislature
for the better protection of fruits ; placing the Harvard telescope on
the summit of Mt. Wilson ; work of committee on our agricultural
resources who state that $150,000 goes out of Pasadena yearly for fruits,
vegetables, etc.; calling upon the ciiy fathers for a financial statement of the
city ; the recent work of the board in aid of the construction of a boulevard
to lyos Angeles ; petition to the city council for rapid transit ; recommenda-
tions for a city park, and for a cannery ; action in giving the cantata ; in
observing arbor day, and inauguration centennial."

It must be kept in mind that. 1888 was a "boom" year, in order to better
understand the many grand business projects above mentioned which never
existed except in talk or on paper.

The Pasadena Staridard of January 12, 1889, gave a few additional
points, thus :

"The president of the Board of Trade reports that out of 154 who
originally signed for membership, only fifty have become members. The
board sent photograph views to fifteen eastern cities to be put up in frames
and publicly exhibited. The views selected were : The public library,
Wilson grammar school, Monks Hill school, Universalist church, E. F.
Hurlbut's residence, Colorado street (looking west), Colorado street (looking
east), Richardson villa, Pickwick club rooms, Y. M. C. A. building, H. H.
Markham's residence, Marengo avenue, Raymond Hotel, Sierra Madre
mountains, Devil's Gate, Painter Hotel, Cascade in Millard canyon."

May 15, 1889, United States Senators Hoar of Massachusetts, Pugli of
Alabama, Allison of Iowa, and Dolph of Oregon, visited Pasadena, and
were driven about the city, under auspices of Board of Trade. And in all
public interests of this nature, or any matter coming properly within its
purview, the Board of Trade continued to be active, energetic, prompt and
useful.

In 1892 the board again issued a 40-page pamphlet with close print on
large sized page, and many photogravure illustrations. The text was
written by Theodore Coleman, city editor of the Daily Star. At this time
the ofiBcers were: W. U. Masters, president; J. A. Buchanan, vice-presi-
dent ; M, E. Wood, treasurer ; Webster Wotkyns, secretary. And standing
committees of five members each were maintained on manufactures, on edu-
cation and publications, on public meetings, on railroads and transportation,
on streets and parks, on health and sanitation, on advertising and fairs, on
receptions. This will show what a field of volunteer endeavor for the public
welfare this organization aimed to fill. In this 1892 pamphlet was a list of
its members — 148 in all.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. . 3II

Its officers in 1894 were : President, Prof. C. H. Keyes, president of
Throop Polytechnic Institute; vice-president, Prof. T. S. C. Lowe ; treasurer,
P, M. Green ; secretary, W. H. Knight ; directors, Keyes, A. G. Throop,
lyowe, M. D. Painter, Theo. Coleman, Herman R. Hertel, M. H. Weight.
\Later — Knight resigned, and M. E. Wood was elected secretary, 1894-95.]

TABLE OF CORPORATE ASSOCIATIONS.
By the kindness of Mr. H. N. Farey, who searched the records for me,
I am able to present here a complete alphabetical list of all associations
which have ever been incorporated with Pasadena as their recorded place of
business, up to July i, 1895. However, the original colony, or "San
Gabriel Orange Grove Association," was incorporated before there was any
Pasadena, and it named Los Angeles as its place of business. And the
Mutual Orchard Company, whose plant was here, named Oakland as its
place of business, its members mostly residing there. Our two National
Banks do not appear on the county records, their registry being in the
national archives at Washington.

TITLE OF ASSOCIATION. DATE WHEN INCORPORATED.

Almondale Company January 28, 1892

All Saints Church June 21, 1886

Arroj^o Seco Water Company February 18, 1887

Brown Mountain Mining Company March 28, 1887

California Commercial Company November 18, 1888

California Olive Company May 15, 1885

California Universalist Convention February 4, 1889

Calvary Presbyterian Church of Pasadena November 9, 1888.

Carlton Block Company March 9, 1893

Champion Mining and Milling Company May 22, 1885

Christian Church of Pasadena May 17, 1886.

City of Pasadena [as a city of the sixth class] June 14, 1886

City Railway Company of Pasadena November 17, 1886

City of South Pasadena [as a city of the sixth class] February ... 1888

Colorado Street Railroad Company March 20, 1886

Consumers Gas and Electric Company March 25, 1893

Cottonwood Canyon Water Company October 29, 1892

Crown Steam Laundry August 15, 1893

Davis Dental Manufacturing Company December 31, 1 894

Emanuel Methodist Episcopal Church December 23, 1 886

Exchange Block Company [Carlton Hotel] June 2, 1886

Fairmont Land and Water Company March 12, 1888

First African Methodist Church August 24, 1S92

First Baptist Church of Pasadena March 24, 1886

First Congregational Church of Pasadena December 10, 1885

First Free Methodist Church of Pasadena September 6, 1888

First German Baptist Church of Pasadena December 27, 1877

First Methodist Episcopal Church of Pasadena December 31, 1883

First National Bank of Pasadena, No. 3,499. [Successot

to Pasadena Bank.] National charter dated Maj^ 10, 1886

First Universalist Parish of Pasadena January 22, 1 887

312 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

Hermosa Land and Water Company January 7, 1882

Highland Railroad Company March 2, 1888

Holland Manufacturing Company April 27, 1888

Hotel Green Company March 26, 1891

Kansas Street Improvement Company March 18, 1888

La Canyada Land and Water Company November 9, 1887

Lake Vineyard Land and Water Association May 7, 1876

Lake View Land Company May 13, 1894

Las Flores Water Company June 10, 1885

Linda Vista Improvement Company November 25, 1887

Lordsburg Land Company March 3, 1889

Loris Gold Mining Company : June 9, 1 894

Los Angeles and Pasadena Tulare Improvement Co September 10, 1887

Mechanics' Association of Pasadena July 23, 1887

Memorial Baptist Church of South Pasadena December 20, 1890

Millard Canyon Water Company April 14, 1887

Montclair Children's Home December 20, 1893

Mountain View Water Company November i, 1887

Munger & Griffith Company January 3, 1895.

Mutual Building and Loan Association of Pasadena July 18, 1892

Mutual Orchard Company [Office at Oakland, Cal.] June 15, 1877

News Publishing Company October 6, 1 894

North Congregational Church of Pasadena July 23, 1889

North Pasadena Land and Water Company January 15, 1885

North Pasadena Methodist Episcopal Church June 17, 1891

Occidental Mutual Aid Association December 15, 1888

Park Nursery Company April 18, 1887

Pasadena Bank [afterward First National] November 21, 1884

Pasadena Board of Trade March 22, 1888

Pasadena Building and Loan Association June 8, 1886

Pasadena Cemetery Association December 13, 1882

Pasadena Contracting and Building Company September 29, 1893

Pasadena Electric Light and Power Company January 31, 1888

Pasadena Fruit and Crystalizing Company November 13, 1886

Pasadena Fruit Growers Association December 6 , 1893

Pasadena Gas Company March 26, 1886

Pasadena Gas and Electric Company May 8, 1886

Pasadena Gardening Company January 16, 1890

Pasadena Gold Mining Company November 23, 1888

Pasadena Grand Opera House Company March 21, 1887

Pasadena Highland Fruit Association May 12, 1894

Pasadena Highland Water Company November i, 1890

Pasadena Improvement Company February 9, 1887

Pasadena Investment Association August 3, 1887

Pasadena and Kern County Land and Water Company. .December 12, 1887

Pasadena Lake Vineyard Land and Water Company January 29, 1884

Pasadena Land and Water Company [successor to the

original colony or "San Gabriel Orange Grove Ass'n"].. March .18, 1882

Pasadena Library and Village Improvement Society December 26, 1882

Pasadena Lodge 173, Independent Order Good Templars.. November 21, 1881

Pasadena, Los Angeles & Long Beach Railroad Co September 12, 1887

Pasadena & Los Angeles Railway Company January 21, 1888

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 313

Pasadena Lumber Company December 20, 1883

Pasadena Manufacturing Company ..December 10, 1886

Pasadena Mining and Developing Company August 7, 1888

Pasadena Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of

Friends February 5, 1887

Pasadena and Mount Wilson Railway Company June 3, 1891

Pasadena and Mount Wilson Toll Road Company June 22, 1889

Pasadena Mutual Burial Association October 12, 1892

Pasadena National Bank, No. 3,568 — National charter... October 11, 1886

Pasadena Packing Company May 7, 1891

Pasadena Park Tract Land and Water Company July 7, 1887

Pasadena Patent Improvement Company July 23, 1890

Pasadena Presbyterian Church November 20, 1876

Pasadena Quarterly Meeting Society of Friends [Whittier], May 16, 1891

Pasadena Railway Company November 27, 1886

Pasadena, Ramona & Long Beach Railway Company March 21, 1887

Pasadena Real Estate Exchange May 17, 1887

Pasadena Rincon Land and Water Company August 16, 1887

Pasadena Savings Bank May 18, 1887

Pasadena Security Investment Company February 9, 1895

Pasadena Steam Laundry February 9, 1887

Pasadena Street Railroad Company February 18, 1886

Pasadena & Wilson Peak Railroad Company June 11, 1887

Raynor Springs Water Company June 21,1 893

Rubio Canyon Land and Water Company.., February 24, 1886

San Gabriel Orange Grove Association [the original

colony of Pasadena] November 13, 1873

San Gabriel Valley Bank of Pasadena February 6, 1886

San Gabriel Valley Fruit Company April 27, 1893

San Rafael Water Company February 15, 1887

Sierra Madre College April i, 1884

Southern Oil Company March 23, 1895

South Pasadena 'Bus and Transfer Company March 21, 1888

South Pasadena Hotel Company April 24, 1888

South Pasadena Methodist Episcopal Church April 25, 1887

Star Publishing Company April 22, 1890

Throop University September 12, 1891

Union Club of Pasadena July 8, 1887

Union Publishing Company June 16, 1887

Union Savings Bank January 30, 1895

Valley Hunt Club November 23, 1892

Waukena, Tulare and Mammoth Forest R. R. Company, January 23, 1888.

West Pasadena Railroad Company January 14, 1888,

WiUiam R. Staats Company October 4, 1894.

Willamette Lumber Company August 25, 1894.

Wilson Peak Mining Company. August 16, 1887.

Young Men's Christian Association October 20, 1886.

Of the incorporations above noted there were :

Religious organiza tions 25 Municipal incorporations 2

Land and Water Companies 19 Mining companies 6

Water companies 8 Miscellaneous bodies ._53

Railroad companies 12 Total 125

314 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The following table of the number of incorporations formed in succes-
sive years makes a curious exhibit of the culmination and decline of Pasa-
dena's great historic " boom,' ' 1886 to 1888 :

In 1873 — I In 1882 — 4 In 1886 — 20 In 1890 — 5 In 1894 — 6
1876 — 2 1883 — 2 1887 — 24 1891 — 6 1895 — 4

1877— I 1884—3 1888—18 1892—6

1881— I 1885—5 1889— 4 1893—8

CHAPTER XVI.

Pasadena's Chief Historic Days. — Orange Grove Colony Day. — President Hayes
Day.— Citrus Fair Days. — Railroad Opening Days. — National G. A. R. Day. — Presi-
dent Harrison Day. — Prof. Lowe Day. — Father Throop Day ; and sundry others.

HISTORIC DAYS.

This chapter is devoted chiefly to a record of such days as form dis-
tinctive waymarks in the progress of Pasadena's wonderful growth. It also
includes some days on which occurred events of more than ordinary historic
interest or association. But it would require a whole volume by itself to
attempt an account of all the tournaments, fairs, Fourth of Julys, memorial
day parades, torchlight processions, ratification meetings, jollifications,
state conventions, notable excursion visits, distinguished guest receptions,
and other such exceptional public affairs as have flooded Pasadena with ex-
citement for a day, at frequent intervals all through the passing years.
They are so numerous as to have become quite commonplace ; yet a few of
them stand out with features of prominence as public events that do call for
historic recognition.

ORANGE GROVE COLONY DAY.

Pasadena's first distinctively historic day was January 27, 1874, when
the twenty -seven original shareholders of the colony lands made selection
and took formal possession of their several plats of ground. [See pages 108
and 125.]

FIRST RE-UNION PICNIC DAY.

On January 27, 1876, the colonists held their first general re-union
picnic, in their fine grove of native oaks, now known as L,incoln Park.
This was the colony's anniversary day, and they had for speakers Hon.
Coker F. Clarkson of Iowa, Col. John F. Godfrey of Los Angeles, and
others. [See page iii.]

PRESIDENT HAYES DAY.

In October, 1880, president Rutherford B. Ha3^es and wife visited I,os
Angeles and were made the guests of the Southern California Horticultural
Society, which was then holding its annual Fair in the great pavilion
erected in 1878 on Temple street, where a grand public reception was given

DIVISION FOUR BOOM. 315

them. One of the original colonists of Pasadena was J. M. Matthews,
brother of Hon. Stanley Matthews, U. S. Senator from Ohio, and maternal
half-brother to Mrs. Hayes. Mr. Matthews' colony tract was 60 acres, ex-
tending from Fair Oaks Avenue to Arroyo drive, and included the ground
now occupied by the fine residences of E. F. Hurlbut, Prof. T. S. C. Lowe
and Mrs. Col. Baker. He built a house on the hill where .Mrs. Baker's
elegant mansion now stands (18^5) and he and Thomas F. Croft " kept
bach " there together. Mr. Matthews was a man of superior talent, but was
wrecked by strong drink. He had been a prominent editor at Indianapolis ;
and in order to get him away from drinking influences his friends had in-
duced him to join the Pasadena colony, hoping that by these better associa-
tions and surroundings he might be improved. This hope proved vain, for
he continued to drink here, and had fits of delirium tremens, from which
Dr. O. H. Conger twice saved his life ; and most of the colony families
were kind to him, for he was an excellent man apart from his drink habit.
When Hayes received the nomination for president in 1875, Matthews was
possessed to go back and take part in the campaign ; and he determined to
sell his place and go. Mrs. Hayes had kept up a sisterly interest in and
care for this inebriate brother — in fact seemed to have a special oversight of
his affairs, and had been in correspondence with Mr. Croft for some months
about the matter. Mr. Croft finally bought Matthews' place, upon an un-
derstanding with Mrs! Hayes and other friends ; but instead of letting him
take part in the campaign for his brother-in-law's election to the presidency,
they sent him to an inebriate asylum. Mrs. Hayes had a strong desire to
see the place where her poor wreck of a brother had lived, and the people
v^ho had been so kind to him ; and this desire of hers was the real ground
and incentive of the presidential visit to Pasadena.

The families of Messrs. A. O. Porter and P. M. Green had only a few
hours notice that the president was coming, and they sent word around
as well as they could to their colony neighbors within reach, a number
of whom came to assist them in making preparations for the great occa-
sion. They talked of putting up a floral arch across the driveway leading
from Sylvan Avenue up to Mr. Green's house, but the time was too short for
this. And all they could do was to send a mounted escort to meet the party,
besides having some little girls ready to present them with Pasadena flowers
and fruits, and give the guests a warm greeting, for they were expected any
minute for two hours before they did finally arrive.

J. DeBarth Shorb, being president of the Agricultural Society that year,
had the president and wife in charge as guests of the society, and brought
them out to Pasadena in his carriage, heading the procession. In the next
carriage was Gen. Geo. Stoneman and Gov. Geo. C. Perkins, accompanied
by Gen. W. T. Sherman and his daughter Rachel ; and there were several
other carriages following, but by whom occupied I could not learn. They

3l6 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

were all engaged to take dinner at General Stoneman's house on his Los
Robles ranch, and get back to Los Angeles by nightfall. Mrs. Stoneman
was at home keeping the victuals hot ; and the general was full of anxiety
and hurry to shorten all ceremonies and hasten movements. The galloping
instincts of a cavalry officer were still strong upon him. The visitors were
met on Mission street in South Pasadena by Masters Whit. Elliott, Morton
Banbury and Will. Clapp, all on horseback to escort them up to Columbia
street. But when the dust of the carriages signaled their approach Mr.
Green ran down his picturesque private driveway to Sylvan Avenue, and
there meeting the president's carriage, which was much in advance of the
others, he led them up to the lawn at the north front of his house. Here
they were met and welcomed in a very brief speech by A, O. Porter, who
was president of the colony association that year. Three little girls, Lulu
Porter, Agnes Elliott and Winnie Farnsworth, dressed in white and bearing
baskets of fresh flowers and fruits, were lifted up to the carriage to present
their tokens of welcome, and were kissed by President and Mrs. Hayes, the
latter being especially cordial and pleasant to the children. The president
was then introduced to each of the gentlemen, and Mrs. Hayes to the ladies
present. Of the colony people there, I have only been able to ascertain cer-
tainly the names of A. O. Porter and wife; P. M. Green and wife; Maj.
Erie Locke and wife ; Thomas F. Croft ; Mrs. Dr. Elliott ; Mrs. Rosen-
baum; James Cambell, with his two sons, Samuel St. John and James H.;
and Charles H. Watts.

Meanwhile the rest of the party, with Gen. Stoneman, Gov. Perkins,^
and Gen. Sherman and daughter in first carriage, instead of turning up Mr.
Green's driveway continued on Sylvan Avenue up to Columbia street near
Mr. Porter's house, where two old soldiers of Sherman's army saluted him,
one of whom the general recognized, calling him familiarly by name, and
stopped to have a little talk. This was Alexander Edwards, who had been
a company officer under Sherman, but at this time resided on his 12-acre lot
at corner of Columbia street and Fair Oaks Avenue — now the Rev. Dr.
Miller estate. The other man, Enio Brenna, Gen. Sherman did not remem-
ber by face or name (although he had served as a cavalryman in the famous
" marching through Georgia"), but of course greeted him cordially as an
old soldier. Mr. Brenna was then living in a shanty at J. F. Barcus's place.
[See footnote, page 151.]

While Gens. Sherman and Stoneman were engaged with this little
episode, the President's carriage had driven rapidly up Orange Grove
Avenue to about where Bellefontaine Avenue now crosses it, so that Mrs.
Hayes might see the place where her brother had lived — a frame house
then owned by Thos. F. Croft, where Mrs. Col. Baker's elegant residence
on the hill now stands; and here Mr. Croft had a brief talk with Mrs.

*Geo. C. Perkius was governor of California from 1880 to 1883, then succeeded by Stoneman.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 317

Hayes about lier brother's affairs, he having been Mr. Matthews's agent in
the original selection of the place, lived with him there, and finally took it
off his hands when he was determined to go back east during Hayes' can-
didacy. Meanwhile Gen. Sherman suddenly missed the president's car-
riage— it was nowhere in sight, and he showed considerable excitement,
almost alarm, for a few moments, about the president's sudden and mys-
terious disappearance, for he knew nothing of Mrs. Hayes' special interest
in persons and places here, and supposed their carriage was close by. The
General, however, soon learned where they had gone, and drove up the
avenue to join them. Mr. Cambell's home was then on the south part of
the same hill, or what is now the McGregory place, next south of Prof.
T. S. C. lyowe's magnificent dwelling, and he hastened home to tell his wife
about the visiting party, as she had not been able to go to the reception ; so
they stood out on their veranda fronting Orange Grove Avenue and saluted
the whole party as they returned down the avenue under Gen. Stoneman's
lead, making haste to that waiting dinner at his ranch house.

The reason why so few of the colony people were at this historic re-
ception was, that many of them were in Los Angeles at the time, attending
the Agricultural Fair. Miss Jennie Clapp (now Mrs. Culver) was there,
and assisted in waiting on the tables at the banquet given to the presidential
party. And others of the colonists resided so far from Mr. Porter's place
that word could not be sent to them in time, hence they did not know of the
notable visitation until it was all past.

On the same day Gen. Sherman had called upon and paid his respects
to Dona Refugio Bandini, who then resided in Los Angeles ; for he had
been a favored guest at her house in San Diego in the days when he was
only a young lieutenant (1847) and she was the queen of society in San
Diego city and all that part of the state.

The work of collecting data and writing a history sometimes becomes
itself a part of the history, and I have here a case in point, sufficiently curi-
ous and interesting to be worthy of mention. During a period of five
weeks I made diligent inquiry for facts about the visit of President Hayes to
Pasadena, having during those weeks consulted 33 different persons who re-
sided here at the time ; but not one of them could give me the day of the
month, nor even the year, nor could they be certain whether it was in Sep-
tember or October. However, a clue was given me in regard to the Horti-
cultural Fair and its new building on Temple street, and by following this
clue through some old records I settled on October, 1878, [?] as the time of
the visit. No one of the 33 persons I had seen remembered that Gov. Per-
kins was one of the visiting party ; and the great bulky ' ' History of Los
Angeles County," pretending to give a table of notable events year by year,
utterly fails to mention this visit of President Hayes and Gen. Sherman to
Los Angeles, notwithstanding they had a great public reception and banquet

3l8 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

there — but it does mention a visit of Gen. Butler there the same year. After
I had got my story of "President Hayes Day " all written out, supposing it
to embody the bottom facts, I learned that the old soldier, Alex. Edwards,
who had been named to me as a "teamster" in Sherman's army, was still
living at San Jacinto ; and I wrote to him asking for some particulars of the
affair. From him I received the following letter :

San Jacinto, Cal., October 19, 1894.

Dear Comrade : — Gen. Sherman, Gov. Perkins, and President Hayes
and wife drove through Pasadena in the last week in October, 1880 (not in
1878, as you have it). Indiana was an October state then [for state election],
and President Hayes was congratulating Mr. A. O. Porter on the election of
his brother for Governor of Indiana. The president was anxious to get
home in time to vote for Garfield.

I was in the war four years — three fights to one eat — and commanded
the company for three years. I also served two terms in the Mexican war.
I served under Sherman at Vicksburg ; and also knew him before the war,
while he lived in Louisiana.* Alex. Edwards.

FIRST CITRUS FAIR DAY.

The next historic day of special mark was March 24, 1880, when the
colony held its first Citrus Fair, in the central school building, and made
public exhibit of such fruit products as were already matured. It was a
marvellous success, was reported extensively in the newspapers, and gave
the colony a widespread fame. D. M. Graham, who died in 1893, wrote an
account of it for L,. M. Holt's agricultural paper then published at Riverside,
and from his report I gather, that papers were read at the Fair, on Pasa-
dena's past history and future prospects, and on various horticultural topics,
by Judge B. S. Eaton, Col. J. Banbury, Hon. J. F. Crank, Dr. O. H. Con-
ger, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, D. M. Berry and D. M. Graham. Mr. Graham
stated that Mrs. Locke had shipped to San Francisco some limes which
averaged 900 to the orange box, and sold for $8 per box. As to future
prospects he remarked : "Our 125 families must swell to 2,000." And he
lived to see the swell reach twice that number. From Mr. Graham's paper
I make the following extract, which gives some idea of how the colony
appeared at that time :

"To a cluster of homes about eight miles northeast of Los Angeles,
the name Pasadena was given by earlier settlers. Its short history of six
years has made those homes beautiful beyond the most sanguine hopes of its
founders. The streets are clear of weeds ; the five to sixty acre lots are
enclosed by neat hedges of limes and Monterey cypress ; the tasteful houses
are generally set far back from the street and reached by a well-kept drive
through the orange orchard, whose soil is kept scrupulously clean and mel-

*Gen. Sherman came to California in 1847, as a Lieut, in 3d U. S. Artillery ; came by ship around
Cape Horn, to San Diego. Gen. Stoiiemau came two or three months earlier, overland, as Lieut, iu First
U. S. dragoons, but acting quartermaster of the Mormon Battalion. Sherman served here until 1850, most
of the time as actiug Adjt. General under the military governors, and of course he and Stoneman were
army comrades then. In 1S59-60 he was superintendent of the State Military Academy at New Orleans,
Lousiana, where Mr. Kdwards first knew him ; and that is how it happened that he recognized Edwards
so familiarly, but did not know the old cavalryman, Enio Brenna.

I

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 319

low ; further back thrive all the fruits of the temperate and many of the
torrid zone ; a team of horses, a carriage, a cow, sometimes a pig and
chickens complete the picture. We have ceased to be an experiment. We
are an acknowledged success. To have failed would have been the basest
ingratitude to Nature."

See some further account of this first Fair, written by Hon. P. M. Green,
page 112.

SECOND GREAT CITRUS FAIR.

The next eventful day that seems to call for special historic recognition
was the second general Citrus Fair, which was held on March 3, 4, 5, 6,
1885, in the roller skating rink on the corner of Fair Oakes Avenue and
Dayton street, where the large three-story Doty block now stands. The
principal address was a learned presentation of the history and quality of all
the citrus fruits, by Abbot Kinney. Mayor E. F. Spence of I,os Angeles
presented the greeting of that city, and from his brief address I quote the
following passages :

"A few years ago, on my way to the Mission San Gabriel, I traveled
over the rancho, a part of which we now stand upon ; and had it then been
tendered to me as a gift with the obligation on my part that I should pay all
the taxes, I verily believe I should have rejected the offer, and charged the
would-be donor with considering me a tender-foot. I am almost ashamed to
make the statement, as it is a confession of my own lack of foresight, and
inability to comprehend the immediate coming greatness of our Southern
country.

The old San Pasqual Rancho is transformed ; the Major Domo and his
subordinates are dead ; the vaquero, the shepherd and his dogs are seen and
heard no more, for the old things have passed away and behold all things
have become new.

Pasadena ! The city of Los Angeles is proud of her little sister.

Pasadena ! The county of Los Angeles ought to be proud to have such
a jewel in her setting.

Pasadena ! The happy home of cultured men and women, intelligent
and well-trained men and maidens.

Pasadena ! Protected by the rugged Sierra from the desert blasts and
northern winds, who can foretell thy greatness ?

Is it too much to expect that ere long Los Angeles city will extend her
boundaries and capture this golden prize and make it a part of her rich
municipality ?

What a grand boulevard would then be constructed through Lincoln
Park and the Arroyo Seco !

It takes not the ken of a prophet to tell that the habitations of both
places will soon spread out and touch each other.

Pasadena ! In the name of Los Angeles city, I greet thee again ! "

This Fair was gotten up by the officers of the Public Library, and all
profits from admission fees went to the Library fund. The Fair was held
four days, the third (March 5th) being "IOWA DAY," when 195 settlers
here from Iowa registered their names and the county in Iowa from which

320 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

they came to California. On this day Dr. J. P. Widney of L,os Angeles
gave an able and philosophical address on the workings of climate as a
factor in human history, or as he styled it, ' ' The Climatic Belts of Civiliza-
tion."

There were over twenty varieties of oranges on exhibition, seventeen
of which were mentioned by name in a report for the Valley Union made by
Byron O. Clark. And Bayard T. Smith exhibited an orange just picked
from the tree where it had remained since 1881 — four years.

On March 17th the Fair committee made the following report to the
I/ibrary trustees : Receipts from the Fair, $489. Receipts from the play,
$207. Total, $696. Expenses, $165. Balance turned into Library treas-
ury, $531. [See page 204.]

S. G. V. RAILROAD DAY.

Next comes the opening day of the San Gabriel Valley Railroad (now
the Santa Fe), on September 11, 1885, which was at that time considered
the greatest event that had yet transpired in Pasadena's history, and every-
body turned out with zeal and enthusiasm to celebrate the grand occasion.
[See chapter 22.]

NATIONAL G. A. R. DAY.

August 17, 1886, witnessed the visit to Pasadena of the National G. A. R.
Encampment, which met that year in San Francisco. This visitation was
one of Pasadena's great historic days, and I quote some particulars in re-
gard to it from a report in the Pasadena Union of August 20 :

"August 17 was ' Pasadena Day ' in the program of G. A. R. festivities,
and right royally did queen Pasadena prepare for the occasion. She
sprinkled her streets far and wide, and laid the dust so thoroughly that none
enjoyed it more than the inhabitants themselves, who were so well pleased
with it that they wished it could be done all the time. The city was
decorated. The Exchange block, Wetherby & Harris' store, Cruickshank
& Co.'s store, Ward Bros.' block, Mills block, the Union office, 5/ar office,
Wooster's building, the Grand Hotel, and the Eos Angeles House, were
notable instances ; while to a lesser degree the good work was very generally
carried out.

" Over the entrance to the stores in Exchange block, where the banquet
was spread, was a huge sign, "^ cordial welcome to the Grand Army of the
Republic and visitors," painted in fine style by Stewart; while over the
entrance was a portrait of Grant, by the same artist, with the motto : "The
Nation's Hero — He is not dead." The banquet halls themselves were
handsomely ornamented with festoons of the national colors, photographs
by Frost of notable views in the vicinity ; and, best of all, some beautiful
banana plants.

" The eatables were there in profusion — melons, fruits, meats, bread-
stuffs, jellies and sweet-meats, provided with lavish hand, and ready to be
served on four long tables seating seventy-five persons each, or 300 at a sitting,
and .served by the fair hands of Pasadena's ladies, who rallied with a will to
do honor to the country's defenders. The guests came in force, twelve car-

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 32 1

loads, and numbering fully a thousand, for that many railroad tickets were
sold, and nearly as many more must have come by other conveyances, as
fully 1800 people must have been fed at the banquet tables ; and many
sought food elsewhere when they got tired of waiting for their turns in the
endless procession that for hours filed in and out of the banqueting halls.

' ' The visitors were met at the station by the Pasadena band and
escorted to Williams' hall — that is, as many of them as could get in —
where the preliminary exercises of the day were had. Mayor Holmes called
the multitude to order and introduced Major J. D. Gilchrist, commander of
the G. A. R. Post here, who in stirring words welcomed the visitors to
Pasadena, and cordially invited them to remain and make homes here.
Response was made with three rousing cheers for Pasadena.

" Major Bell, editor of the Porcupine, gave a stirring and characteristic
address, in which he recalled the interesting fact — highly creditable to
himself — that he was one of the only two soldiers furnished to the Union
cause by lyOS Angeles during the war. Los Angeles was then excessively
pro-slavery ; and while she had soldiers ad lib. for the rebel army, furnished
only two fighting men for the Union.

' ' The company were then dismissed to dinner, which had long been
waiting, and were served as rapidly as possible, by the numerous citizens on
hand to assist. Gen. Bennett, department commander of Indiana, Col.
Robinson of Ohio, and Sheriff Gard of I,os Angeles, vice-commander of the
department of California, were among the distinguished visitors of the day.

" A floral wreath and bells in the banquet hall were made by Dr.
Rachel F. Reid of this place, an old Army Nurse. She was the first woman
ever mustered into the army hospital service west of Washington, having
enlisted in St. lyOuis in September, 1861, under Gen. Fremont.

' ' An event that will live in history is the hauling in a carriage by en-
thusiastic ' vets ' of four members of the ' Old John Brown ' family, who
live here. Jason and Owen Brown, Mrs. Ruth Brown Thompson and her
husband, Henry Thompson, have long been residents here, and were objects
of the enthusiastic admiration of the boys-in-blue, so much so that in the
course of the afternoon they were got into C. C. Brown's fine carriage, the
horses taken off and a long rope attached, and for a half hour or more they
were hauled up and down the streets by the soldiers, singing, 'John Brown's
body lies mouldering in the grave ; His sozil is marc/iing- on ! ' ' Jason
Brown is exceedingly modest, even to bashfulness, and he protested with all
his power against the embarrassing publicity thus given them, while Mrs.
Thompson's womanly heart broke down at the starting of the historic song,
and she wept during almost the entire time. However, it was all meant in
kindness, and they will doubtless forgive the old soldier friends whose en-
thusiasm thus constrained them to trespass upon their privacy.*

"Among the historic incidents of the day. Dr. H. A. Reid of Pasadena,
wore the identical badge (first division sixth army corps) which he wore in the
battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, etc. He was
then chaplain of the fifth regiment Wisconsin volunteers, and also member
for Wisconsin of the U. S. Sanitary Commission, and was within a few rods
of Gen. Sedgwick, when that noble officer was killed in the battle of Spott-
sylvania.

*In the Union of August 27, 1886, a card was published, signed by Jason and Owen Brown, Ruth
and Henry Thompson, thanking the old soldiers for their kind remembrance.

322 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

"There was in the procession and in Williams' hall the old battle flag
of the 85th Missouri regiment, which was carried in the bloody battle of
Pea Ridge and sixteen other fights in Missouri. This old battle-torn and
tattered flag is now owned by Frank Bartlett Post G. A. R., of Los An-
geles. ' '

RAYMOND HOTEL DAY.

November 17, 1886, was opening daj' of the great Raymond hotel,
which was an affair of local importance second only to the building of the
S. G. V. railroad, and was therefore a notable event in Pasadena's history.
[See Chapter 24.]

EDITORIAL ASSOCIATION -DAY.

December 19, 1888, the parlors of the Carlton hotel in Pasadena were
occupied by an assemblage of editors, who made the day historic by organ-
izing here an association, which still continues. A brief report of the mat-
ter I quote from the Pasadena Standard of December 22 :

"About thirty newspaper men assembled in Pasadena last Wednesday
and organized the Editorial Association of Southern California. ly. M. Holt
of the San Bernardino Times was elected president, and W. L. Vail of the
Pasadena Star, secretary. On motion the chair appointed Dr. H. A. Reid
of Pasadena, O. A. Stevens of L,os Angeles, George Rice of Alhambra,
Scipio Craig of Redlands, and D. M. Baker of Santa Ana, a committee on
organization. Committee's report adopted. H. J. Vail of Pasadena, Scipio
Craig of Redlands, W. H. Nixon of Santa Barbara, H. E. Boothby of
Fresno, and Warren Wilson of San Diego were appointed committee on
Constitution and By-Eaws, to report at first annual meeting, at Chamber of
Commerce in Los Angeles, the second Tuesday of January, 1889. Thirty-
three names were enrolled for membership. The Pasadena Board of Trade
gave them a banquet at the Carlton hotel. A free excursion over the
Altadena railroad, and free seats at the Pickwick Club minstrel enter-
tainment were also accepted."

OWEN brown's funeral DAY.

January 10, 1889, was a day of pre-eminent historic associations in
Pasadena, as connected with the funeral of Owen Brown. Of all the news-
paper reports published at that time, that of the Pasadena Standard of Jan-
uary 12 contained much the greatest embodiment of history points pertinent
to the notable occasion, and hence I quote from it :

FUNERAL OF OWEN BROWN, THE LAST SURVIVOR OF JOHN BROWN 's
HISTORIC RAID ON HARPER'S FERRY, VA., IN 185Q.

Died, at the residence of his brother-in-law, Henry Thompson, in this
city, on January 8, 1889, Owen Brown, aged 64 years, 2 months and 4 days.

Owen Brown was born at Hudson, Ohio, November 4, 1824, and was
the third son of John Brown's first family, there being twenty children in all.

Owen was with his father all through the struggle between the free
state men and border ruffians in Kansas in 1856 and following years, and
took part in the first pitched battle at Black Jack on the Missouri and Kan-
sas border, and also at Ossawatomie where his younger brother, an un-
armed lad, was deliberately shot down in the street. Jason was also in
these battles.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 323

Owen was with his father at Harper's Ferry, a participant in that mem-
orable raid which struck the death knell of slavery, not only in the United
States but throughout the civilized world. He was one of seven who
escaped from there through mountain fastnesses and swamps and forests and
farms and streams, in rain and snow and storms, living on raw corn, acorns,
sassafras leaves, and such things as they could possibly devour without mak-
ing a fire to cook. For they were pursued by soldiers and citizens with
dogs and guns, and a price was set on their heads. The Atlantic Monthly
some 15 or 20 years ago published a narrative of their escape, which excels
in thrilling pathos, and in plain matter-of-fact incidents of hardship, endur-
ance, and apparently supernatural deliverances from discovery and capture,
the most vivid conceptions of fiction. Two of them made reckless ventures
to get food and were captured and hung. The remaining five escaped,
Owen finally reaching his brother John's home on an island in lyake Erie.

About five years ago Jason and Owen Brown took a homestead on a
bench of mountain land five or six miles north of Pasadena, at the settle-
ment now called Las Casitas. This they subsequently sold and took land
higher up the mountain side, built a cabin, cleared and worked a few acres,
and lived there — two feeble old men, alone. (Jason was with his father in
the Kansas struggle, but was not at Harper's Ferry.) They were much
visited by tourists and citizens, some from mere curiosity and others from a
warm sympathy with the historic career of the family. They had made a
good wagon trail up to their mountain hermitage, and were continuing it as
a donkey path to the top of the mountain known as Brown's peak, but it is
not completed yet. Owen had a desire to be buried on the top of Brown's
peak ; and if Jason ever succeeds in finishing the trail he will try to have
his brother's grave up there as he desired. But meanwhile he is buried
on a lesser peak on their mountain homestead.*

Owen Brown was never married.

Last Days. — December 30th the aged brothers came down to the
city to attend Col. Woodford's gospel temperance meeting in the
tabernacle. We met them there both Sunday and Monday nights.
But Owen was taken sick and had a chill after going to his sister
Ruth's home from the meeting, and in a week he died of typhoid
pneumonia. He had been failing for some months ; this had been
noticed by his relatives and friends. Monday he had worked pretty
hard, then lay down in the bright sunshine on the banks of the
Arroyo and slept. In the evening he went to the great temperance meet-
ing, and being very deeply and ardently interested in the cause, he put his
last cent of money into the collection ; had nothing to pay street car fare
with, and so walked over two miles to his sister's house, after the meeting.
These over-exertions were probably the immediate cause of his last sickness,
although he was out some on several days after the first attack, but was
not able to attend the meetings any more.

At the women's meeting on Tuesday he and Jason were elected honor-
ary members of the W. C. T. U. He was much pleased with this, and said
there was no cause he would more gladly contribute his |i.oo membership

* Jason was never able to do anything more with the mountain trail. He finally lost this home
place by debt, and Owen Brown's grave remains at Las Casitas, as one of Pasadena's notable historic
points. Their first place was not a " homestead," but land bought from Painter & Ball, where the Las
Casitas Sanitarium now stands.

324 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

fee to aid. So he was buried with the W. C. T. U. white ribbon on his
breast.

The last words he uttered that could be distinguished were : " It is
better — to be — in a place — and suffer wrong — than to do wrong."

The Funeral. — The last rites were paid to his mortal remains on Thurs-
day, January 10. It was a historic day in Pasadena. The tabernacle was well
filled — about 2000 people in attendance. The exercises were conducted by
Rev. R. H. Hartley, pastor of the Friends church. The great choristry was
filled with singers who sang appropriate hymns with a fervor and pathos as
if the very spirit of the Browns had woven itself into heavenly music.

Prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Bresee, pastor of the M. E. Church, which
went to the heart of the historic occasion and was an uplift of soul in all
noble aspirations. Remarks were made by Rev. Mr. Hartley ; also by Rev.
D. D. Hill, pastor of the Congregational church ; Rev. E. L. Conger, pastor
of the Universalist church ; Col. George Woodford, the gospel temperance
evangelist ; and by H. N. Rust, a life-long friend and neighbor of John
Brown and his family.

The city trustees, who are all old-time republicans, attended in a body
and took seats on the platform, as a token of respect for the memory of John
Brown and his sons.

The students of the Pasadena Academy attended in a body. And mem-
bers of the G. A. R. and Sons of Veterans who could leave their business
places attended the funeral.

On conclusion of the services the casket was removed to the corridor
and the face cover removed. Then the vast audience passed out in columns
by each aisle on each side of the bier and thus all had an opportunity to
view the face of Owen Brown. It was perfectly natural — a little paler than
in life, and looked as though he was only lying asleep.

The bier was covered with floral emblems and tokens of love. A cross,
a wreath, and boquets, composed of calla lillies, roses, violets, marguerites,
sweet elyssum, geraniums, smilax, and feather palms.

Relatives Present. ^ — ^Jason Brown, brother of the deceased.

Ruth Brown Thompson, sister of the deceased, with her husband,
Henry Thompson and their youngest daughter, Mamie. Mr. Thompson
was one of John Brown's soldiers in Kansas.

Mrs. Grace Simmons, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thompson, with her
husband and son, who reside at L,as Casitas.

Mrs. Town, (another daughter) with her husband and son, who also
reside at Las Casitas.

Mrs. Hand, from Wellington, Ohio, a sister of John Brown, aunt to
the deceased, and now visiting her daughter in Los Angeles, formerly Mrs.
Hood of Pasadena.

Mrs. Hopson, cousin of the deceased, from Sacramento.

Mrs. Ouinn, a cousin, from Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

The Pall Bearers. — It is quite remarkable that there should be
found in Pasadena so many men who were associated with John Brown in
his mighty work, which up-heaved the nation and proved the entering
wedge for the overthrow of slavery, thirty years ago. In charge of the
pall bearers was H. N. Rust, president of the Pasadena Library Associa-
tion, who was an old-time friend and neighbor of the John Brown family
at East Hampton, Massachusetts, and also for many years in this city.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 325

James Townsend of Spring Dale, Cedar county, Iowa, who was John
Brown's intimate and confidential friend ; and at his house Brown took his
last meal before starting from West Liberty to Chicago with his men and
twelve escaped slaves. This was a marvelous event, in which John Brown,
with $2,000 reward offered for him, dead or alive, took a lot of slaves in a
car on the C. R. I. and P. railroad through the cities of Davenport, I^a
Salle, Joliet, Chicago, and on to freedom on the soil of Canada. And from
thence moved on to his final operations at Harper's Ferry, Va. In Dr. H.
A. Reid's " History of Johnson County, Iowa," a volume of 966 pages, at
page 466 mention is made of James Townsend's "Travelers Rest," the
tavern at West Branch (near Spring Dale) where John Brown, and his mule
captured from the border ruffians at the battle of Black Jack on the Kansas
and Missouri line, were always on the "free list." On page 467, of the
same work, we read : " Brown himself had his quarters at the home of
Mr. John H. Painter."

John H. Painter, who was justice of the peace at Spring Dale, and
Brown's intimate and confidential friend. He boxed up the guns, sabres,
pikes, etc., that Brown had gathered for his anticipated army of liberation,
and shipped them to him at Harper's Ferry, labeled "carpenter's tools."
For this he was unchurched by the Friends Yearly Meeting to which he be-
longed ; but he believed he was doing God's service for the rights of man,
and history since has fully vindicated the act. He is father to our prominent
citizens M. D. Painter, A. J. Painter, Mrs. ly. H. Michener, and Mrs. Dr. J.
C. Michener.

Wm. H. Cofl&n, was associated with John Brown and his sons in the
Kansas struggle for a free state against the slave-hunting border ruffians, in
i856-7-8-9._

Benjamin A. Rice, was taken prisoner by the border ruffians in Kansas,
and was released by John Brown after hair-breadth escapes from the mur-
derous vengeance of the ruffians. Mr. Rice served through the war of the
rebellion, is an old citizen of Pasadena, and is now chaplain of the G. A. R.
Post here.

Wilson T. Kirk, a nephew of James Townsend above mentioned, re-
sided at Spring Dale, Iowa, and was intimate with John Brown and his men
in the days when it was perilous to be known as their friend.

W. B. VanKirk is commander of the G. A. R. post in this city, and
took part as the special representative of that patriotic order of men who
marched to the music of "John Brown's soul is marching on."

These were the historic men who bore Owen Brown to his grave.* The
hearse was followed by a long procession of vehicles, and four photographic
instruments were trained upon the scene to take views of different incidents
in the course of the day.

ASTRONOMICAL BAN0UE;T DAY.

January 28, 1889, was made memorable by the astronomical banquet,
because of what followed from it as the focal center of incentive and co-
operation, with results that made Pasadena and Mount Wilson famous in
the scientific world. The Pasade?ia Standard of February 2 contained a
summary of facts and points in the case, from which I quote :

*It was Dr. H. A. Reid's plan, and by his special effort, that these particular men were gotten to-
gether tor this duty, and their historic relations to the deceased or his father made known to the public

326 HISTORY OF PASADENA,

ASTRONOMY AND THINGS IN PASADENA.

Monday was a notable day. A body of eminent men were in Pasa-
dena. In the evening a banquet was given them at the Carlton hotel, and
132 plates were served. The proposed astronomical observatory on the top
of Mount Wilson, 5,800 feet above sea level, was the topic of all the after-
dinner speeches. Everything centered on Wilson's peak. The speakers
were : Rev. K. L. Conger, pastor of the Universalist church. Prof. W. H.
Pickering, astronomer of Harvard University. Alvan G. Clark, the world-
famed telescopic lens manufacturer of Cambridgeport, Mass. Dr. W. F.
Channing of Pasadena, formerly of Boston. Capt. Thomas F. Fraser, super-
intendent of construction of the great lyick observatory on Mount Hamilton,
Cal. Rev. S. C. Bartlett, D. D., president of Dartmouth college. Prof.
Brascher, astronomer and glass expert, of Pittsburg, Pa.

W. U. Masters, president of the Board of Trade, presided, and con-
ducted the exercises in a prompt and sensible manner.

The outcome of it all is, that if Pasadena will proceed at once to con-
struct a road to Wilson 's^eak. Prof. Pickering will locate a corps of observers
there with a 23-inch telescope, and conduct observations on behalf of Har-
vard University, to determine some scientific problems of this Pacific coast
region.

On Tuesday the Board of Trade appointed a committee to see what can
be done toward securing the Wilson's peak road to be made at once. The
committee are : Col. O. S. Richer, H. W. Magee, Dr. W. F. Channing, T. P.
lyUkens, and C. S. Martin. Mr. Martin has a claim of 160 acres of land
where the observatory is to be located.

It is stated at lyOS Angeles that the order was given Mr. Clark to go
ahead and make his proposed 44-inch lens, the largest ever yet attempted,
and Southern California will take it. It will require about two years of
lathe and hand work to finish this marvelous glass ; and Mr. Clark has gone
home to commence the work.-^

lyATER. — It is arranged for Judge Eaton and N. C. Carter to make the
trail passable and pack-horseable to the peak, at once, so the photo-telescope
can go up.

The 23-inch photographing telescope was conveyed up the old Wilson
Trail in April, 1889, one portion of its iron base alone weighing 600 pounds.
[See chapter 20; article, "The Telescope Episode." Also, chapter 19;
article, "Harvard Telescope Point."]

CENTENNIAL INAUGURATION DAY,

Was observed in Pasadena on May 7th, 1888 ; and from the Daily Star's
report published May 8th, I condense the following particulars :

The Tabernacle was elaborately decorated with flags, pictures, flowers,
etc. The members of the city council, city officers, veterans of the Grand
Army, and a detachment of the Sons of Veterans occupied the front seats on
the floor. " A Hundred Years" was sung by Miss Peck and the choir.
Rev. W. A. Wright offered prayer. Rev. A. W. Bunker read the passage
of Scripture upon which George Washington placed his hand in taking the
inaugural oath one hundred years ago — the 40th chapter of Genesis. The

*Southern California failed to raise the money for this biggest lens in the world ; and it was finally
purchased in 1892 by Mr. Yerkes, for the Chicago observatory.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 327

President's proclamation of the act of Congress fixing the 30th of April as
a national holiday was read by J. A. Buchanan.

A tableau of the thirteen original States was represented by pupils of
the Washington school, as follows : Columbia, Cora Humphrey ; Delaware,
Mabel Overmier ; Pennsylvania, L,ena Seaman ; New Jersey, Maud Thorn-
ton ; Georgia, Blanche Allen ; Connecticut, Bessie Cook ; Massachusetts,
Edith Hough ; Maryland, Flora Weimar ; South Carolina, Florence Coffin ;
New Hampshire, Alice Ivambert ; Virginia, Abbie Mohn ; New York, Helen
Forbes ; North Carolina, Aggie Petrie ; Rhode Island, Lydia Hiatt. All
were dressed in white, with red-white-and-blue sashes, upon which was
lettered the name of each State represented. In their hands the girls carried
small flags, and all were gathered about the Goddess of Liberty, who bore a
handsome American standard. Each girl read in turn a scrap of Colonial
history appropriate to the State represented ; and all concluded with a patri-
otic song, the "Star Spangled Banner," sung by Miss Peck and chorus, with
orchestral accompaniment.

Rev. Dr. Bresee's address was preceded by a few introductory remarks
by Judge Magee, who referred to the great event of one hundred years ago,
showing that the' inauguration really took place on the 30th of April, rather
than the 4th of March, because Congress had no quorum until the April
date. The key note to Rev. Bresee's address was, that true love of country
is drawn from the altar. The past history of this country teaches above
everything else, he said, that God has been over all. In closing, the speaker
aroused great enthusiasm by stirring allusions to Washington, Lincoln, and
other dead leaders, and asking if it is too much to expect that their spirits
are with the people in the services of this day.

The program closed with the singing of America by the choir and the
audience.

TERMINAI, RAILROAD DAY.

March 12, 1890, was opening day of what was then known as "the
Cross railroad," but now the Eos Angeles Terminal railroad ; and it was
celebrated with extraordinary vim and enthusiasm by the entire populace.
The city ofl&cial records show that all oflScers and employes of the city ex-
cept police and firemen were excused from duty in order to take part in the
public festivities. The daily papers of Pasadena and Eos Angeles vied with
each other to see which should give the most elaborate and gushing report
of the affair. The Pasadena Standard oi March 15 contained in brief space
the chief historic points, and from it I quote :

Grand Ovation to Capt. Cross. — The opening of our new Rapid
Transit railroad has taken place. The celebration of the event was a triumphal
ovation to Capt. Cross, who showed such splendid pluck and tenacity in over-
coming obstacles both natural and artificial, and finally won the day. It is
not in our line to give any detailed report of the proceedings. Sufiice to say,
the city was full of holiday display. Four trainloads of visitors and invited
guests came up from Eos Angeles — three arriving at one o'clock, and one
about four o'clock. A grand civic and military procession marched through
Colorado street, where the stores and other buildings were all jubilantly deco-
rated, and the sidewalks and balconies and open windows filled with thou-
sands— probably not less than 15,000 people in procession and along the line

328 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

of march. Gov. Waterman and wife were in the procession ; also Mayor
Hazard" of lyos Angeles, Judges Van Dyke and McKinley of the superior
court, and about twenty-five other prominent men of the county. Free
lunch, races and games were given at sportsman's park.

An historic episode of this historic day was a public protest by Rev.
K. Iv. Conger, D. D., pastor of the Universalist church, which he published
in the Daily Star, and from which I quote :

Editor Star : — Is it fair for the committee on reception to compel the
majority of our citizens to stay away from the Cross banquet, or else seem
to put at defiance ordinance 125, which they have helped to make a law?
We do not want to do either. We are deeply interested in the effort to
honor Mr. Cross for what he has done, and we want to do our part ; but if
we help to buy the wine for the banquet (which we do when we pay $3 for a
ticket) do we not defy the law of our city, at least by implication ? The
majority have sanctioned ordinance 125. Is it "square " to put so many of
our public-spirited citizens in such an attitude as to compel them to stay
away, simply to please some who want wine served at the banquet? If it
were a question of ' ' turning down the glasses ' ' by those who did not want
wine, that would be easy enough; but when a citizen pays $3, knowing that
the money goes to help buy wine for the banquet, is he not ' ' particeps
criminis " if the question is ever raised? Will my neighbor, just for a
glass of wine, force me into this attitude or compel me to stay at home ?

E. E. Conger.

Dr. Conger represented a large proportion of the citizens of Pasadena,
(doubtless a vast majority of them, if women were counted) — but the
liquor folks had their way, all the same.

PRESIDENT HARRISON DAY.

April 23-24, 1 89 1, were made memorable by the visit of Presi-
dent Benjamin Harrison and some members of his cabinet to Pasa.
dena. A reception committee of about 200 persons had been appointed ;
and the city turned out en viasse to do honor to the distinguished
visitors. Besides the president and his wife, and Mr. Halford, his secretar}^
the party consisted of Postmaster- General John Wanamaker ; Gen. Rusk,
secretary of agriculture; Major Sanger, U. S. A., aid decamp to the presi-
dent ; Mr. Russell Harrison and wife ; United States Marshal, D. M. Rans-
dell ; Mr. Geo. W. Boyd, excursion manager, and wife ; Messrs. Tibbetts
and DeEong, stenographers ; Mrs. McKee, the president's daughter ; Mrs.
Dimmick, Carter B. Harrison, Eieut. Baker, James Horsburg ; and the offi-
cial agents of the United Press, the Associated Press, and the Press News,
three great news-gathering associations for the daily papers.

A grand arch of calla lilies spanned Marengo Avenue a little below
Kansas street ; and a gate of flowers was erected down near California
street to be swung open by the children as the president's carriage ap-
proached. From Colorado to California street the avenue was filled two
lines deep on each side with school children, besides thousands of people

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 329

packed in behind them. And as the presidential party and the grand pro-
cession moved slowly down the avenue between the double lines of crowded,
eager humanity, handfuls of flowers, bouquets, wreaths and floral designs
were tossed toward and into the vehicles until the roadway was literally
carpeted with flowers. Near the lower end of this ovational line was
located the Garfield school, Prof. A. I,. Hamilton, principal ; and when the
president's carriage arrived here it was halted for a moment to receive a
large and exquisitely- prepared floral design representing an inverted wine
glass — for it had been currently reported that at the banquet during the
previous evening the president had turned down his glass and refused to al-
low wine poured into it ; and this supposed action of his met the school
sentiment, and the best popular sentiment of Pasadena, on its warmest
side — hence this special and particular thank token in flowers. This inci-
dent, and the banquet malventure which led to it, became matters of warm
dispute and of wide celebrity at the time. A correspondent of the Los An-
geles daily Evening Express gave the fullest and fairest account of the
whole matter that was anywhere published ; and as a famous episode in
Pasadena history, I quote the entire article :

Editor Evening Express : Pasadena is a good deal stirred up over
a wine banquet which was thrust upon our Presidential guests, thus shutting
off" 2,000 citizens who were not admitted to the small dining room of the
hotel, but had gathered outside the building, hoping to see the President and
hear him speak a few minutes. If the banquet "bore " had not been forced
upon him, he could have spoken ten minutes to the masses assembled to
express their hearty and loyal good will, and then retired for rest — for he
was much worn and wearied with the tax and strain upon his energies by
responding to the continual popular ovations night and day for four days

East Sunday, Rev. D. D. Hill, pastor of the First Congregational
church, publicly denounced the whole affair as a public insult to our dis-
tinguished and noble visitors, and also an outrage upon Pasadena's fair
name, for a wine banquet is in open violation of the city's police law, and
has been fully and forcibly so declared by the courts ; and Mr. Hill said,
after the chief guests had excused themselves and got away from the witless
weariness of the thing, the ' ' banquet ' ' still went on and ended in a regular
drunken debauch. Preacher Hill is a great friend of President Harrison,
Secretary Wanamaker and Governor Markham. The governor's wife and
three daughters, also a brother-in-law and wife, are all members of his church.
His denunciation of the affair was bold, vehement, clear cut and powerful,
like some of the ancient apostolic and pulpit orators whom we read about in
history, so of course it made much talk. I found there was a report current
that the President did drink wine at this banquet, and so gave his sanction
to it. • But others said he did not. I set out to find authentic and reliable
information, with responsible names to ba:ck up what I should say about it. ■•
B. F. Ball, vice-president of the First National Bank, and Rev. J. W. Phelps,
pastor of the First M. E. church, were present, and said decidedly the Presi-
de?it did not drink any wine.

Dr. G. Roscoe ^Thomas, a former member of the City Council, was
there, but did not know about the matter. At last, however, I got reliable

330 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

particulars from Postmaster W. U Masters, who sat near Mr. Wanamaker.
He says a waiter came along behind President Harrison and poured wine
into his glass, but as soon as he noticed it the President took hold of the
glass and with a very emphatic and decisive motion pushed or set it away
from him, and did not touch or taste a drop of it. The waiter came to Mr.
Wanamaker the same way, and that gentleman decisively kept his glass
turned down, refusing to allow any wine poured into it. Mr. Masters did
the same thing, as a courtesy due to the temperance sentiments of the guests.
(As a member of the committee he had objected to the wine feature, for the
same reason, as did others also, for they knew that the President and Wana-
maker were church members, and did not approve of liquor drinking ; but
the wine service was decided on when he [Masters] was absent.) The
waiter next went to Secretary Rusk and tipped the wine bottle down to Mr.
Rusk's glass, when that gentleman threw up his hand against the bottle,
tilting it back and pushing it away. Thus each of the three chief guests
were compelled to resist a discourtesy thrust upon them in the house of their
friends, the Republican stronghold of Pasadena.*

But the next day when the people, free from the manipulations of any
clique, had a chance to show their loyal regard for our chief magistrate,
nearly every store in the city was closed, the people turned out b}^ hundreds
and thousands, and 2,000 school children in line literally strewed his path-
way with flowers. The)^ also presented him with an unusually attractive
floral piece on which the chief emblem, richly wrought in fresh flowers, was
an inverted wine glass. True, there was some other floral pieces ; but in
view of what had transpired the night before, this one alone touched the
climacteric nerve of the occasion and became historic. It sent the visitors
away with a much better opinion of Pasadena than they had been able to
get from previous experience. Old Rkpublican.

Pasadena, April 27.

The Pasadena Star of 23d and 24th gave an eight-column report of the
honors to the President, without any hint of tribulation : but on the 25th it
came out with an editorial, scoring the banquet as " a flat failure," "a fizzle,"
"most wretched," etc., laying some of the blame to drunken colored
waiters imported from lyos Angeles, and making sundry excuses for other
shortcomings in that part of the overstrained program. It seems that five
kinds of wine, besides Roman punch, had been lavishly provided, but was
little used ; and the waiters, with a few others, undertook to ''save zV " by
drinking it themselves.

The Pasadena reporter for the Los Angeles Times told me personally
that "the President did drink wine, for / saw him drinking, just like the
rest." But on further inquiry I learned that after the incident related by
Mr. Masters to the Evening Express correspondent, the President and Mr.
Wanamaker and Mr. Rusk each had a glass of Apollinaris water ; and the
Times man and others seeing them drink this, supposed it was wine they
were " drinking just like the rest." These facts explain how it could

*Mr. Masters was the Democratic postmaster, still in office, but his successor, Geo. F. Kernaghau,
had been appointed though not yet installed. Mr. Masters was also president of the Board of Trade,
and was master of ceremonies for this banquet occasion. Hence he had President Harrison sitting at
his right hand and Governor Markham next; and at his left hand sat Postmaster-General Wanamaker,
with the new appointee for Pasadena, Mr. Kernaghan, next.

DIVISION FOUR — BOOM. 33I

happen that such positive and yet so different statements were made in
regard to the matter by different persons.

COLUMBUS DAY.

October 21, 1892, was elaborately celebrated as Discovery day, or Col-
umbus day, it being the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of
America. The five different public schools of the city each had a program
of literary exercises, tableaux, etc., appropriate to the day. The Grand
Army of the Republic had detailed a squad of old soldiers for each school, to
visit it in the forenoon and join in the ceremony of raising the national
flag on the school building, then take some part with the children by short
addresses, etc., in their program. An exceptional incident worth recording
was this : In making a detail of old Union soldiers for the Wilson High
School building, the G. A. R. unanimously agreed to tender the post of
honor as flag-bearer to an ex-Confederate soldier, T. J. Martin, as a token
of peace and good will now between soldiers who wore the blue and those
who wore the gray in the great war of the rebellion. Mr. Martin accepted
the gallant courtesy and took his place in the line — but being in poor health
at the time, he found himself too feeble to carry the flag, and a comrade of
the G. A. R. walked by his side carrying it for him. (This was I. N.
Stevenson, of the rsth Pennsylvania infantry regiment.)

During the afternoon a general grand parade of school children, civic
societies, and citizens generally, was indulged in. They marched to the
Tabernacle, which was packed to the last inch of space, and a short speech
was made by Mayor O. F. Weed, president of the day. Prof. C. H. Keyes,
president of Throop Polytechnic Institute, gave the principal address ; and
it was a learned and brilliant pictograph of great drift currents in the
world's history which took their initial flow or their historic trend from the
new-world discovery made by Columbus. Short speeches were also made
by Rev. E. Iv- Conger, D. D., Judge Waldo M. York, Rev. O. D. Crawford,
and W. U. Masters. The Pasadena Daily Star devoted seven columns to a
report of this day's doings in Pasadena.

MOUNT LOWE ELKCTRIC RAILROAD DAY.

August 23, 1893, w^as the first day ever formally and officially set apart
by the city council of Pasadena as a public holiday of their very own. And
the festivities indulged in were like Fourth of July, Thanksgiving day, and
Tournament ot Roses, all combined in one superlative ovation to Prof. T. S.
C. Lowe, as a commemorative testimonial on the completion of the Mount
lyOwe electric railway to its half-way halt at the top of the " great incline "
or cable section on Kcho Mountain. [See Chapter 23.]

FATHER THROOP DAY.

December 21, 1893, was made historic as "Father Throop Day," by a
great testimonial celebration in honor of the founder and the founding of

332 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

the Throop Polytechnic Institute in Pasadena — the first educational institu-
tion of its type west of the Mississippi river, and equipped in all respe'cts
equal to the best in the largest eastern cities. [See pages 193 to 197.]

In addition to the foregoing, there have been many days in the city
when great parades, with band music and song, speeches, floral displays,
etc, , were indulged in on a liberal scale — such as Fourth of July, Decora-
tion Day, Tournament of Roses, etc. ; but these occur annually in regular
course, and do not have the exceptional historic quality which pertains to
the notable days recorded in this chapter.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES.

CHAPTER XVII.

The Name " W11.SON." — Sketch of life of Hon. B. D. Wilson, after whom were named
so man\' historic places and things within our borders.

THE NAME WILSON.

Pasadonaland has a Wilson Ditch, a Wilson School, a Wilson Avenue,
a Wilson Lake, a Wilson Canyon, a Wilson Trail, a Mount Wilson or Wil-
son's Peak, a Mount Wilson Toll-Road, and a Wilson Ranch, the old Lake
Vineyard place. It therefore becomes a necessary part of Pasadena History
to give a brief sketch of Hon. Benjamin Davis Wilson, from whom all these
local "Wilson " names are derived.

Mr. Wilson was born at Nashville, Tenn., December i, 18 11. From
1833 to 1840 he was engaged in trading and trapping in New Mexico, and
all that vast region of country tributary to Santa Fe. In 1841 he came to
lyos Angeles with a company of 25 men who crossed the mountains and
desert from New Mexico. In 1843 he bought for $1,000 per league from
Don Juan Bandini,* the Jurupa Ranch, where the city of Riverside is now
located. t In 1844 he married a Spanish lady. Miss Ramona Yorba,

* Don Juan Bandini was a leading Spanish resident of San Diego. For his aid to the United States,
see pages 80, 88, 91, etc.

t "Riverside was founded in 1870 ; name changed from JurupSL.'—Hisi. Cal., Vol. 6, p. 521.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMKS. 333

daughter of Don Bernardo Yorba, owner ot the great rancho Santa Ana. [Miss
Anna Picher, in her Pasadena Art Loan writings, says that Helen Hunt
Jackson first met the title name of her famous story, "Ramona," while
visiting Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb's family at San Marino, whose little daughter
was named Ramona, after her grandmother, Dona Ramona Yorba deWilson ;
and Mrs. Jackson then took a fancy to the name.] In the fall of 1844 Mr.
Wilson went with a party in pursuit of a large bear that had destroyed many
cattle on his ranch ; and in the final encounter the bear leaped upon him
and bit him so that its tush penetrated clear into his lung. But the bear was
killed, and he recovered, although he carried life-long scars from that bear's
teeth. In 1845 the Mojave and other Indians made frequent raids upon the
white settlers ; and Mr. Wilson, under authority of Governor Pio Pico,
organized a mounted force to pursue and punish them. In this expedition
he was shot with a poisoned flint arrow, the point of which broke off and
remained in his body all his life. A faithful Indian neophyte among his
soldiers sucked the poison out and saved his life. In the same year, 1845,
occurred the march of the Mexican governor, Micheltorena, down from
Monterey, with a force largely composed of released convicts and outlaws
from old Mexico, to subdue Los Angeles ; for the southern district had re-
belled against his rule, because of his using such troops to dominate them,
and supported Pio Pico as still their rightful governor. Mr. Wilson was the
Alcalde [Justice of the Peace, or Sub-Prefect] of his bailiwick, and as such
raised a company and marched to Los Angeles, there joining the Pico army
under Generals Jose Castro and Andres Pico.* They marched out to
Cahuenga and took position to await the <:-nemy's approach. About noon
the next day the Micheltorena army came in sight, and the rest of the day
was spent in an artillery duel at long range. This was renewed for a short
time the next morning, before Micheltorena accepted terms of capitulation.
Don Manuel Garfias was in this battle as a Lieut. Col. in Micheltorena 's
army, but did not go with them back to Mexico. f Micheltorena had three
iron cannon in the fight, and two of them are now lying at the west front of
the new court house in Los Angeles. The Pico army had one iron and one
brass cannon, the latter afterward becoming famous as the "Woman's
Gun." [See pages 84, 85, 93, loi.]

Along with Micheltorena 's ex-convicts and other Mexican troops was a
company of Americans who had been induced to join him, under the
famous John Sutter as captain, by false representations, and by giving them
deeds for land which were not in accordafice with the Mexican law — hence
utterly worthless. Mr. Wilson was personally acquainted with some of the

*One member of Wilson's company was Dan. Sexton. About him and his adobe mill, see page 53.

t Another of Micheltorena's better men was Don Ignacio Francisco de la Cruz Garcia, a native of
Spain, who remained and settled in Los Angeles. I visited this old man myself on August li', 1S0.5, and
examined official documents which showed that he was that day 114 years, 3 months and 18 days old — yet
he was able to see, hear, talk, and answer questions readily. G. W. Robinson, aged 86, was with me as
interpreter.

334 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

leading men of this American company ; and he managed early the next
morning to approach their camp by crawling up a ravine with a flag of
truce, accompanied by one James McKinley. They were discovered and
fired upon with grape shot from Micheltorena's camp, but escaped unhurt ;
and when the Americans saw the white flag, three leaders came to them —
one of these being Gen. John Bidwell of Chico, who was the Prohibition
candidate for president in 1892.''^ Wilson soon succeeded in showing them
that they were on the wrong side of this fight ; and after this better under-
standing they withdrew from Micheltorena's support. Later in the day, or
the next day, he accepted terms of capitulation. f His offensive troops were
required to march to San Pedro without passing through lyos Angeles at
all, and be shipped at once back to old Mexico. |

In 1846, when the war occurred between the United States and Mexico,
and American troops were on their way to capture Los Angeles, Gov. Pico
called upon Mr. Wilson to raise a company of men to help repel the in-
vaders ; but Wilson was still a citizen of the United States, not of Mexico,
and declined to obey the summons, though at the same time assuring the
governor that he would remain quietly on his ranch, and not take part in
any movement to oust Pico from the governorship. He therefore remained
unmolested ; and he was resolved and ready to resist if the governor should
make any attempt to arrest him. But after Commodore Stockton had cap-
tured Los Angeles, in this same year, and established Lieut. Gillespie there
with a small force to maintain the United States authority, the Commodore
urged upon Mr. Wilson a commission as captain in the U. S. army, with
power to raise and equip a company of any number he might think best to
guard the frontier. For account of the battle of Chino, and Wilson's cap-
ture, and other adventures, see page 82, and following.

Mr. Wilson watched the battle of San Gabriel ford [see page 91] with
intense anxiety from the hills of the Coyote ranch, where he had gone for
the purpose — for he was still a prisoner on parole, and had spent the previ-
ous night at his father-in-law Yorba's place in Santa Ana, his wife then
being there. Of course the American prisoners were free after Stockton
entered Los Angeles.

* "On his way back to Micheltorena's position he [Capt. John Sutter] and Bidwell, his aide, were
captured, and after a brief detention were sent as prisoners under parole to Los Angeles." — Hist. Los
_Ang. Co., p. 66.

t Bancroft, Hist Cal., Vol 4, p. soj. says : " Not a drop of human blood was spilled on the battle-
field of Cahuenga." This brusque and reckless assertion has been accepted by other writers, and used
to cast ridicule on the Mexic-Californiaus as fighters. The improbability of its being true is shown by
his own statement in regard to the battle, for he savs : " It was kept up all the afternoon on both sides,
Micheltorena's guuTiers using grape, and firing over a hundred times ; while the others fired less shots,
using ball, and in some cases perhaps small stones." This was on Friday afternoon ; and on Saturday
forenoon there was more fighting. Gen. Vallejo gave a report that "twelve cholos [convict soldiers],
one foreigner, one Indian, and one officer were killed." And eight others make varying reports of
numbers of men and horses killed.

I Wni. Heath Davis, in his book, " Sixty Years in California," saj'S these troops were not so bad as
they are represented in history. Stealing chickens was their chief rascality ; but all sorts of evil re-
ports were made up agaiiKst them by the Californians." Davis was part owner of the ship that carried
them away, and he accompanied them on the voyage.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 335

THE FOUR OLD CANNON.

In 1877, less than a year before his death, Mr. Wison prepared a sketch
of his life, which has never been published in full. In this he mentions that
he was present when Don Andres Pico, the Mexican general, first met Com-
modore Stockton after having surrendered to Fremont, and remarks :

"Don Andres Pico manifested his good faith by telling the Commodore
where the cannon were concealed with which he had fought at the action of
the 8th and 9th. The Commodore asked me what kind of cannon they were.
I told him they were common short heavy cast-iron guns ; to which he
answered, they were not worth looking after, and he would not send for
them.* I told him then that if he would give them to me I would make of
them posts to keep the carretas [clumsy Mexican ox-carts] off from the
entrance to my store f He therefore gave them to me ; and being told by
Don Andres just where they were, I hired a man with a carreta [nearly
three years afterward] to bring them in, and placed them at the head of
Commercial street in Los Angeles." [See page 84]

When the centennial of lyos Angeles city was celebrated, in 1881, two
of these historic old cannon were placed on trucks at the north corners of
the old court house ; but now, 1895, they are preserved at the west main
entrance to the magnificent new court house.

In 1849 Mr. Wilson was a delegate to a convention of South Califor-
nians at Santa Barbara which petitioned Congress that the southern part of
the proposed new state might be made a territory by itself, and not be in-
cluded in the state of California as planned by the politicians of San Fran-
cisco. [A mass meeting for the same purpose was held at Los Angeles in Feb-
ruary, 1850.] Their plea was not heeded ; but it is interesting to note that
the struggle for "state division" commenced thus early — and it ought
never to cease until accomplished. The state was admitted to the Union the
same year [September 9, 1850], and Mr. Wilson was elected the first county
clerk and clerk of the courts of Los Angeles county, April i, 1850. From
January 2d to July 3d, 1850, he was a leading member of the city council,
still under Mexican law ; but on the latter date a new and full board of city
officers was installed under the American charter passed and approved April
4th of the same year. The " Centennial History "• says Mr. Wilson was
mayor of Los Angeles in 1854, and adds : "Mayors Hodges and Wilson
through tempestuous times held the helm with firmness and foresight."

September i, 1852, he was appointed U. S. Indian Agent for the
southern district, his commission being signed by Millard Fillmore, presi-

* Mr. Wilson wrote this sketch 30 years after the events, and his memory failed him as to the par-
ticular cannon in question. The only cannon which the Mexicans had in the battles of the Sth and 9th
were the two brass howitzers which Gen Pico had surrendered to Col. Fremont at Cahuenga on the
13th ; and the ones that Pico told Commodore Stockton about were the four old guns lying in the surf at
San Pedro, utterly unserviceable, but the only pieces of artillery remaining within reach of the Mexicans.
See page 84. At the battle of Cahuenga, in 1S45, Micheltorena's troops had three of these old iron can-
nons, and Pico's men had the other one.

t "During all this time he [Wilson] had been heavily engaged in merchandising in Los Angeles, as
well as in cattle ranching at Jurupa." — Lewis's Hist. L. A. Co., p. 118.

336 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

dent, and Daniel Webster, secretary of state.* In 1855 he was elected state
senator and served the term. Also again in 1869-70.

In 1853 he married for his second wife Mrs. Margaret Hereford, widow
of Dr. Hereford of San Pedro. His first wife, Ramona Yorba, had died
March 21, 1849.

In 1852 Mr. Wilson bought the I^ake Vineyard property from the
Indian wife of Hugo Reid, and in 1854 he built there a dwelling house
with a vast wine cellar under it and a very costly roof of tiles — the total
cost of the structure and appurtenances being reported over $20,000, the roof
alone taking nearly half of it. His widow, Mrs. Margaret Wilson, resides
there in the same house yet — 1895.

In 1864 he constructed the historic and famous burro path to the top
of the mountains, known as " Wilson's Trail," and this is reported to have
cost him about $6,000 before he finally dropped it. His object was to have
shakes, pickets, barrel staves, orange boxes, etc., made from the cedar, oak
and pine trees which grew so plentifully on the mountain top, and then
transport them down on burros, for which purpose he collected a band of
about sixty of these hardy little animals. But the timber proved unfit for
wine barrels, which was the most important item ; pickets and other lumber
to fence in his orchards were brought down, besides shakes for roofing pur-
poses, till he had enough and quit. [See Chapter 20; article "Wilson's
Trail."]

In 1867 Mr. Wilson and Dr. Griffin built the open ditch which first
brought the waters of the Arroyo Seco from Devil's Gate out onto the
alfalfa lands of the Rancho San Pasqual. The job was done by Judge B.
S. Eaton ; and this was the waterway know in colony days as the " Wilson
ditch."

In 1869 Mr. Wilson was sent to Washington by the winegrowers of
lyos Angeles county, to ask from the revenue department some concession
or relief in regard to the internal revenue tax on California wines. But it
availed nothing. The law was general, and must apply in all states,
counties and territories equally.

In 1 87 1 Mr. Wilson laid out the original Alhambra tract of about 300
acres, with water piped to each five-acre lot — the first subdivision ever made

* "In 1S52 the late Hon. B. D. Wilson, an old resident of Los Angeles county, made a report to the
United States government, showing the great injustice which had been done the Indians by the Ameri-
cans In iSSi Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson had her attention specially directed toward these lougsuffering
people, and that winter she made a visit to their reservation and spent several weeks among them."—
Calijotnia of the South, p. 795.

Mr. Wilson's report was printed in the Los Angeles Star of 1S52, and again in same paper in 1S68 ;
and much of it is copied in J. Albert Wilson's Hist. Los Ang. Co., iSSo, pp. S7 to go. This report is a
monument to Mr. Wilsons painstaking fidelitv as a public" officer and to his good sense and kind-
heartedness toward the Indians. He does not palliate their faults and vices as a class ; but he plainly sets
forth the wrongs, abuses, injustice and evil examples to which they had been subjected by white people,
and then remarks : " What marvel that eighteen years of neglect, misrule, oppression, slaverv and in-
justice, and every opportunity and temj^tation to gratify their natural vices withal, should have given
them a fatal tendency downward to the very lowest degradation. « * * In .some streets of this little
city almost every other hou.se is a grog-.shop for Indians." Yet he gives many instances of true noble-
ness of character and sterling fidelity among them ; and in this official report alone Mrs. Jackson found
ample warrant for all that she pictured of Indian life, and wrongs done them, in her famous story of
" Ramona."

I

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES.

337

in California with water con-
veyed in iron pipes ready
for use at each colony set-
tler's own door. Before that
only open ditches had been
used, or wooden pipes. This
scheme was projected and
superintended by Mr. Wil-
son's son-in-law, J. DeBarth
Shorb, who had done the
first iron piping of water for
irrigation purposes ever done
in California, at Camulos in
1864, while he was superin-
tendent of the oil works
started there by Col. Thomas
Scott, the great railroad king
of that time. And Mr. Shorb
further extended and devel-
oped the same idea in the
Alhambra and the Pasadena-
Lake-Vineyard colony tracts.
The Alhambra tract was school land without water, and Mr. Wilson bought
it from the State for $2.50 per acre. It was commonly deemed worth-
less, but the water-piping scheme jumped it at once into great value and
ready sale — and a large addition was soon made to the original colony
tract.

In 1876 Mr. Wilson and Mr. Shorb projected the "Lake Vineyard
Land and Water Company," and laid out 2,500 acres* into 5- and lo-acre
lots, east of Fair Oaks Avenue, and piped water to the lots from the reservoir
(now known as No. i) at the end of the original Wilson and Griffin ditch.
This land was sold at first for $55 per acre ; but very soon the price advanced
to $65, $75, $80, $100 per acre. In 1877 an association called the Mutual
Orchard Company bought 200 acres from the east part of this Lake Vine-
yard Company, and planted on it 14,000 orange trees, the largest orange
orchard in the world. This was an Oakland, Cal., company.

March 11, 1878, Mr. Wilson died, at his Lake Vineyard home place, in
the 67th year of his age. He had done more to develop and improve and
open up for American settlement the region now known as Pasadenaland
than any other man before or since his time ; and that is why there are so
many different points and objects hereabouts that bear his name.

HON. B. D. WILSON.

*It was 1,500 acres at first, and then Mr. Wilson repurchased i.ooo acres from the Grogan tract.
22

338 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

CHAPTER XVIII.

Names. — The name Pasadena. — The name Altadena. — Large Land Tracts by name. —
Old Spanish Land Grants. — Springs and Water Sources by name. — Who named the
Streets, and why.

THE NAME PASADENA.

Much misrepresentation and idle guesswork has been printed and sent
abroad concerning the origin of the name or word "Pasadena." Paso de
Eden (Gateway of Paradise) is often given as the original form of the word,
Anglicised into its present euphonious usage. But the climax of absurdity
in this matter is reached by "Bancroft's Railway Guide," San Francisco,
for August, 1890. On page 48, under the head of "Spanish Words," it

says :

" Pasadena (pas-ah-c^ay-nah). A Spanish phrase pronounced " Pa/i-so-deh-da/n " would
mean "Gate of Eden," poetically. Many Spanish words have been contracted,
wrongly spelled, mispronounced and misunderstood as badly or worse than this,
supposing this to be the real meaning of a name very probably first used by the
California padres, and afterwards mispronounced, by ear, by the Americans."

Now, the fact is, " the California padres " never heard of the word, for
it is a Chippewa Indian word, and not a Spanish word or phrase at slW.-^
Neither is it an Algonquin word, as is so commonly stated, only in so far as
the Chippewa tribe of Indians was a branch or offshoot of the great Algon-
quin family. Upon my inquiry as to the real origin of the name " Pasadena,"
Judge B. S. Eaton writes :

" It came about in this way. The winter of 1875-76 found the In-
diana colony so far advanced as to require mail facilities. Thus far, lyos
Angeles had been the address of the colonists ; but this community was as-
suming importance ; and as the Washington authorities would never consent
to such a name as "Indiana Colony" for a postoffice, Calvin Fletcher,
one of the largest stockholders, and the man who laid out the plan of the
settlement and directed the subdivision of the lands, appealed to me to
know if there was not some vSpanish name that had been applied to the
ranch, descriptive of its location or general characteristics. He thought a
name that smacked a little of the language of the country would .sound bet-
ter than any name imported from the Eastern States. All the good and
pretty names had already been monopolized, and he would like something
that was a little out of the common. I could remember but one thing that
could possibly fill the bill for him, and that was found in the answer given
me by Don Manuel Garfias when I asked him why he located his house in
such (as seemed to me) an impractical place. It afforded him no avenue
to overlook his vast domain, or see what his flocks and herds were doing.
His reply was, " Porque es la Have del Rancho."

"Yavvy what?" .says Fletcher, catching on to the main word [Have].

" Oh, that gives no clue to a name," I said, "for no Yankee would ever
try to pronounce a name that commenced with two consonants."

"Well," he said, "what does it mean ? Give it to us in English."

*In IHiil a pamphlet was issued from a new town and health resort in Texas named " Pasadena,"
and pretending to derive the name from some mongrel combination of Spanish words or parts of words.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES.

339

I gave the translation, '' Because it is the Key of the Ranch'' "You
see," said Garfias, " the south side of the ranch from here to the Santa
Anita is all improved property, and enclosed with fences. On the north
side is the Sierra, and on the west is the Arroyo Seco. The little stretch be-
tween my house and the Marengo (the Bacon tract) is the gateway through
which outside stock must come, to ever get on my range, or my own stock
to escape ; and that is why I call this the ' Key of the Rancho.' "
So far, Judge Eaton's account.

Dr. T. B. Elliott, the original projector
and president of the "Indiana Colony"
scheme as organized at Indianapolis, was a
man of books, and of some general scholar-
ship beyond the technical field of medicine.
He now took the matter up with a good
deal of zeal to carry out Mr. Fletcher's
idea, as the latter was also one of the
original Indiana Colony men. Dr. Elliott
searched all his own books to find some-
thing which would fit the case, but with-
out success. He then remembered that
when he was a student in Hamilton Col-
lege, New York, he had an intimate friend
and college mate who afterward went west
as a missionary among the Indians ; and
to him he wrote, explaining what Mr.
Fletcher wanted, and what Judge Eaton
had told about the "key of the ranch " or entrance to the upper part of
the valley — and asking the missionary for some Indian word of pleasant
sound which would serve as an appropriate and significant name for the new
settlement. In reply he received the following list of words which I have
copied verbatim from the original slip as written by the missionary himself,
and never before published :

" Weoquan Pa sa de na — Crown of the valley.

Gish ka de na Pa se de na — Peak of the Valley.

Tape Daegun Pa sa de na — Key of the Valley.

Pe qua de na Pa sa dena — Hill of the Valley.

Accent last syllable of each compound word. Chippewa dialect."*

* After writing this article I showed it to Theodore Coleman, who has been city editor of the Daily
Star ever since June, 1886. He formerly lived at Chippewa Falls, Wis., had some knowledge of the
language of those Indians, and thus becoming deeply interested in this matter, he wrote there for fur-
ther information ; and in reply received letters from Chas. Allen, Esq., of Chippewa Falls, and Rev.
Casimir Vogt, a Catholic priest of Bayfield, Wis., long time missionary among the Ojibway [same as
Chippewa] Indians. Mr. Allen is a half-blood of that race, and a reputable lawyer in his town. Rev.
Vogt says : " The root for Pasadena can be found in passa-an — I split something. Passadena is a space
formed by intersecting a range of hills or mountains"; etc. The letters received contain fifteen or
twenty different words and explanations ; and from it all Mr. Coleman writes in regard to the diflfereiit
words preceding Pasadena in Dr. Elliott's document : "One of these was weo-quan [hat] ; another was
gish-ka-dena [peak in a valley] : a third was tape-da-egun [key] ; and the fourth waspequa-dena [hill in
a valley]. The word for hat is the nearest synonym for crown the language contains ; and the term for
key signifies nothing but the metal article. "The Chippewa word for valley, or plain, is passa-ka-miga ;
that for hill ispig-wa-dena. Pasadena was therefore formed by combining the first half of one of these
. words with the last half of the other, giving to it the signification of valley in the hills, or between the
hills. Another Chippewa word " wanadena " is also used to signify a valley between mountains, but
' passadena ' bears almost exactly the same interpretation."

DR. T. B. ELLIOTT.

r— C£\& i-t^'^!~'\

340 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

' i^c^,.^Z^.^s;:^e-y^j'\ ^^^ friendly personal letter accompanying

<^*>«»v Of ^ ^j^^, this document was accidentally destroyed

BluA^^>^sL■^^^^J^^'L'>^■^^ ^ since Dr. Elliott's death, but this historic slip

/^ ^^l^f .''''' '^^ chanced to be preserved. Mrs. Elliott had

/<(Uj ^ ^ VflJt&xj '- never seen or known personally the man

akei^^»y^^(d:jkeCif^<^ — who wrote it, and cannot recall his name, nor

^. -^"-^i?^ ;2#-^*^ly ^jjg pj^j,g where he was then located ; but she

4cc<nzcU^^^c.j4.^f ^^^ vouches for this document as the original

&&u.ft>-L,.^cc oooT-,4 ~~~ slip or memorandum which came enclosed in

the missing letter. Hence, here we have the
true genesis of the name " Pasadena."* And
^^^ arises the question of how the name

Original Notes for name Pasadena. i. !_ r 11 j _i j

* came to be formally adopted.

Hon. P. M. Green wrote a brief historic sketch for the Farnsworth
pamphlet entitled " A Southern California Paradise," which was printed at
Oakland, Cal., in 1883 ; and in this Mr. Green relates:

" At a meeting of the stockholders of the San Gabriel Orange Grove
Association held on the 22d day of April, 1875, the question of selecting a
permanent name came up for consideration. A number of names were
suggested, and among them Indianola, Granada, and Pasadena. A lengthy
discussion ensued as to which should be adopted. Those in favor of
Indianola argued that the change from "Indiana Colony" to Indianola
would be most easily effected, and that the name would retain a hint of the
origin of the settlement. Those in favor of Granada argued that our
productions and climatic conditions were similar to those of the region of
that Granada which the genius of an Irving had immortalized, and therefore
would be appropriate.

"The late Dr. T. B. Elliott presented the name Pasadena, and stated
that it was an Indian name, the meaning of which was ' Crown of the
Valley,' and argued its appropriateness for the reason that our location was
at the extreme end, and in the most beautiful and romantic portion, of the
famous San Gabriel valley, and therefore was entitled to assume a name
which was so descriptive of the locality, besides being beautiful, musical,
and euphonious. A motion to adopt the name 'Pasadena' prevailed by
a vote of more than four to one of those present. So, to Dr. Elliott the
community is indebted for the name Pasadena, so dear to every inhabitant
of these peopled valleys, slopes, and plains which now bear that name."

Dr. Elliott died August 13, 1881.

The name Pasadena has heretofore been used in a comprehensive way
to include all the territory from the Arroyo Seco to Eaton canyon, and from
lyincoln park to the numerous mountain resorts which are connected by trail,
toll-road or railroad with Pasadena. But now, in order to distinguish this

*"In family conclave we discussed the list, but my father at once settled upon the Chippewa name
of Pasadena as his choice, it being euphonious, of fitting length, and easily spelled, so Pasadena it was
decided should be the one name of the list put before the meeting. It seemed to please the majority,
and being put to a vote, became the choice. Thus ' Pasadena ' came into legal existence among civilized
peoples." — Mrs. Helen Elliott Bandini, in Pasadena Daily News, Dec. 24, iSg4.

I

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 34 1

larger district from the corporation limits of Pasadena city, I have adopted
the term Pasadenaland, and used it throughout this volume.*

Muscat. — As early as October, 1873, D. M. Berry had named the colony
tract ' ' Muscat, ' ' because raising muscat grapes was then expected to be the
chief industry of the colonists; and Mr. Croft's diary all through October,
November and December speaks of it by the name of "Muscat." But
when the name "Orange Grove Association " was adopted, that put oranges
ahead of grapes, and "Muscat" as a name for the settlement went out
entirely.

MAJOR BONEBRAKE'S "GENESIS OF PASADENA."

In 1885 a great Citrus Fair was held in the roller skating rink, for the
benefit of the public library, for an account of which see Chapter 16. Then
on March 23, 24, 25, 26, 1886, another similar Fair was held in Williams
hall for the same object ; and on the 25th Major Bonebrake of lyos Angeles,
just purely as a matter oi ftm, gave a learned discussion on the genesis of
Pasadena's location and name, which I myself reported for the Valley Union
of March 26, 1886, and from which I here quote :

"Major Geo. H. Bonebrake, president of the lyOS Angeles Board of
Trade, next spoke. He showed from several points of argument that Pasa-
dena is the veritable site of the original garden of Eden.

ist. Philological argument : Pasadena is a euphemistic modernizing
of the term Pas d'Eden, or Pass of Paradise of some ancient and lost
language.

2nd. The geological argument : When our globe in its gasiform state
began to cool and solidify, it commenced at the poles and worked gradually
toward the equator ; hence vegetable and animal life commenced in the
lowest forms at the north pole and increased and improved as time advanced,
so that by the sixth day of creational progress the advance line had pro-
gressed as far south as Pasadena, or ancient " Pas d'Eden," and here man
was made. ' ' Adam ' ' means red earth, and plenty of this material was
found on the Painter & Ball hill. [Monks hill was also called "the red
hill."]

3rd. The Bible argument : Sundry quotations from scripture were
given in confirmation of this view.

4th. The aesthetic argument : Eden or Paradise was a place of all
perfection in beauty and loveliness, including women and flowers and all
manner of fruits — and here we have them all, in excellent completeness.

5th. The argument by exclusion : Nobody can show or prove that
any other place on earth absolutely is the original Pas d'Eden ; hence no-
body can prove that this is not the place, and therefore our proofs stand,
that this must be the very spot.

This fine piece of humor seems to have been taken in owlish earnest-

*The first instance of the name Pasadena being used elsewhere is mentioned in the Star of Septem-
ber 2, 1891, which says : "A friend hands us a copy of the Stamford, Conn., //^>-a/rf, which contains an
advertisement of town lots for sale in Pasadena, New Jersey. It is a health resort near the sea shore. It
was so named, doubtless, because of the fame of our own Pasadena as a healthful city."

In November, 1894, there was a new health-resort town in Florida named Pasadena.

In July, 1894, a pamphlet was issued by Mrs. Cora Bacon Foster, advertising Pasadena, Texas, on
Cotton Patch creek, about eight miles from Houston.

342 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ness for the solemn truth by Bancroft of San Francisco (Railway Guide),
Mrs. Cora B. Foster of Texas, and others, and made the basis of their
strained efforts to derive the name from the Spanish language, instead of
from " some ajicient and lost langtiage," as the witty Major did.

AlTAdena. — The name " Altadena " was coined and first used by
Byron O. Clark, to designate his 40-acre nursery and home place at the up-
per stretch of the I^incoln Avenue flat. This was in the spring of 1886 ;
and the first time the name appeared formally in print was on a stock of en-
velopes for his nursery business which he procured about that time. The
meaning attached .to it was, "the higher Pasadena"; and in regard to its
later and larger application Mr. Clark in response to my inquiries, wrote me
January 28, 1895, thus :

' ' When the Pasadena Improvement Company was organized [incorpor-
ated February 9, 1887], its president, J. P. Woodbury, asked my permission
to use the name for the lands which they were laying out, and which now
bear the name of Altadena. He said he liked the name very much and
thought it especially suited for their villa sites. I consented, as I had sold
my home place to which it was originally applied, and was willing that the
name should have a more extended use."

The name Altadena has been borrowed and applied to a tract at Red-
lands. And Col. G. G. Green of Woodbury, New Jersey (owner of Hotel
Green, Pasadena), had a little daughter born at his elegant winter home in
our Altadena, May 15, 1888, and named her Altadena Green.

LARGE LAND TRACTS BY NAME.

Within Pasadenaland there are several large tracts of land bearing
some local designation, and with which, both as to name and land, there are
some interesting historic associations that call for record.

The Grogan Tract. — Judge Eaton furnishes me the following ac-
count :

"This tract was purchased by James Craig for Alexander B. Grogan, a
wealthy capitalist of San Francisco, about 1869, from Griffin and Wilson.
It contained 5,000 acres, and was bought for $30,000. No water right
went with this sale ; and as Mr. Craig wished to make a home for himself
on the tract, he entered into negotiations with B. S. Baton, then owner of
the " Fair Oaks " ranch and of three-fourths of the waters of Eaton canyon,
for a supply from that source, and at once commenced the improvement of
eighty acres — the place where he still resides. From that time onward
portions of the tract were occasionally acquired by residents of Pasadena,
until now [1894] nearly the whole 5,000 acres are under cultivation."

Mr. Grogan was born in Ireland ; came to California in 1848 ; and died
in San Francisco September 19, 1886.

The following article from the Valley Unioii of April 23, 1886, is of
historic interest :

"The Painter & Ball Tract has been for five years past so import-

DIVISION FIVE — NAMKS. 343

ant a factor of Pasadena as to be little less known than the town itself. Its
management has contributed so largely to our growth and prosperity that a
brief history of it is in order. J. H. Painter and B. F. Ball, the owners of
the tract, are gentlemen whose lives have been intimately blended through-
out. Both originally residents of the same town, (Salem, Columbiana
county, Ohio,) they both left there long ago and emigrated to the same
county, (Cedar,) in Iowa. Mr. Ball left Iowa in 'y^^nd Mr. Painter in '8i,
both coming direct to Pasadena. A tract of 2,000 acres of land adjoining
Pasadena on the north was then owned by Henry G. Monks, of New York
city, a former resident here, and from whom Monks hill was named. Mr.
Painter and Mr. Ball wanted about 500 acres of this land, and negotiated
for it ; but found that they were likely to lose it through the determination
of the owner to sell it " all or none," and that there were parties in the field
willing to buy it all. Mr. Painter reflected upon the situation. Something
must be done. Dropping his head upon his breast, he said, " If I had a
man to go in with me I'd buy the whole tract." This appealed to Mr.
Ball personally. The old friends who had been together so long in Ohio
and Iowa, ought not to be separated in interest in California. So he says :
" I'll take a third of it, if you will find some man for the other third."
"All right," says Mr. Painter; " I will take two-thirds myself." They
immediately bought the whole tract, 2,000 acres, at $15 an acre, aggrega-
ting $30,000. They spent about $20,000 more in watering it ; and they
have sold it to 50 or 60 different purchasers for about $150,000, netting a
handsome profit on their venture. The tract with its water supply, has
been incorporated as the North Pasadena Land and Water Company. It
adjoins the old Pasadena tract on the north, and is now bounded by Villa
street on the south and the Woodbury, Banbury and Giddings tracts on the
north, while its east and west lines are Lake Avenue and the Arroyo."

Monks Hill Tract. — Of this Judge Katon writes :
" Mr. Monks, a young Bostonian [or New Yorker (?)] came here about
1868, and purchased from Griffin & Wilson about two thousand acres of
land, including the "red hill" [Monks Hill] as it used to be called. With
this tract he also acquired all the waters flowing in the canyon [Millard's]
above its mouth. Griffin & Wilson had alread}' constructed a ditch from
the water source to a point back of Monks Hill, with a view of impounding
a large supply of storm water there. The work was done by a Frenchman
named Dargue, who had previously been tunneling into the hills at Lincoln
Park for hydraulic lime — the same place where the old Padres obtained all
their lime for their cement masonry at the different Missions. It had such
virtues as a cement plaster that it is said the missionaries hauled it in Mexi-
can carretas with ox teams even as far north as Monterey."

Marengo Tract. — Called also "the Bacon ranch," 800 acres, com-
prised what is now the P^aymond Hotel grounds, the Raymond Improve-
ment Company's lands, and the oak timber lands south of Monterey road
and east of lower Fair Oaks Avenue. Its chain of title is a long story, it being
parts of Ranchos San Pasqual and San PasquaHta. It was bought in 1855
by J. L. Brent, afterward a General in the Confederate army-'- and who was

*"At a place called Big Cane [Louisaua, February, 1865,] a former citizen of Los Angeles, a Con-
federate brigadier, J. I<. Brent, commanded a small force of Confederate cavalry," etc. — See ''Reminiscences
oj a Ranger,'' by Major Horace Bell, page ^j 2.

344 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

Still living (at Baltimore, Md.,) in 1894. Brent was a warm admirer of
Napoleon Bonaparte, and named the ranch from Napoleon's great battlefield
of " Marengo." Brent sold it to B. D. Wilson, October 31, 1870. Wilson
sold it to H. D. Bacon. [For some earlier points, see pages 71, 72.]

Oak Knoll Tract. — This was formed into a home place by Mr. Wil-
son and Mr. Shorb in 1872, and named from a large, far-spreading oak tree
standing on a very sightly residence spot. The tree is there yet. They
sold it as a farm of 100 acres to Bayard T. Smith and brother, in 1883.
Then, during the winter of 1886-87 ^^^ Smiths sold it to a Mr. Rosenbaum
of New York city, chief of a syndicate of real estate speculators,* who sub-
divided the place, laying out and grading the winding streets as they stand
today, with lots in all sorts of shapes, and varying from one-half acre to
seven acres in size. Oak Knoll canyon rises on the west side of this tract
and Mill canyon on its northeast border ; and the water from these two can-
yons was led by ditches into the old stone mill built by the San Gabriel
Mission Fathers in 18 10 to 18 12. [See Chap. 19, article " Old Mill."]

Allendale Tract, adjoining Oak Knoll on the southwest, where H.
C. Allen bought 20 acres from Mrs. Gov. Stoneman in August. 1891, and
improved it in a highly picturesque and artistic manner for choice residence
sites.

lyOS RoBLES, or the Stoneman Ranch. — -This was a tract of about 400
acres, a portion of it being from the old San Pasqualita or " lyittle San Pas-
qual " ranch. It formerly belonged to B. D. Wilson's son John, who died-
It was then sold to a Dr. Miles, who was killed in the steamboat explosion
at San Pedro, April 29, 1863. In 1872 Gen. George Stoneman bought it
from Hon. B. D. Wilson and Ex-Gov. Downey. Stoneman made consider-
able improvements on the place, and named it Los Robles [the Oaksj.f Its
north line forms a part of the south line of Pasadena city, at the end of Los
Robles Avenue which took its name from this ranch. Mrs. Stoneman was
one of the original members of the Presbyterian church of Pasadena,
organized March 21, 1875. Gen. Stoneman was Governor of California
from 1883 to 1887. He went east for medical treatment in 1890 ; and died
at Buffalo, N. Y., September 5, 1894. Mrs. Stoneman has sold nearly all
the land in small tracts, retaining to herself all underground rights of water,
minerals, etc., and has during the past year, 1893-4, done a large amount of
tunneling and piping of water in Los Robles canyon and at foot of Oak
Knoll canyon.

Las Flores Ranch, better known as "the Richardson place." This
comprises 70 acres, mostly from the old San Pasqualita or " Little San Pas-

*Tlie Union reported in April, 1S84, that Bayard T. Smith had sold his Oak Knoll place for $75,000
to W. H. and H. E. Weston of New York. I found no other mention of the Westons, but suppose they
were members of the Rosenbaum syndicate.

t About Gen. Stoneman, see footnote page 75.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 345

qual " ranch, with some fractional government lots. It was originally owned
or worked as private land by a Frenchman named Flores — hence was called
the Flores place. In 1858 a Mr. Hutchinson bought it and went to raising
strawberries, for which he soon built up a good paying demand. In 1867
Mr. S. Richardson, a native of New Hampshire, bought an interest in the
place, ultimately securing the whole of it, and resides there yet. In order to
retain the old name by which it was known 25 or 30 years ago, he calls it
" L,as Flores," the flowers, or place of flowers. This tract lies next east of
the lyos Robles or Stoneman place ; and the old ditch by which the Mission
Fathers conveyed the waters of lyos Robles canyon [or Mill spring creek]
along the bluff to their old stone grist mill, crossed the upper end of this I^as
Flores ranch ; and on its land just below the ditch the priests had a garden
of very rich soil, easily irrigated from the ditch. Mr. Richardson himself
filled up parts of the old mill ditch; and some portions of it are discernible there
yet, especially on the east side of the road that leads down Oak Knoll can-
yon between the Oak Knoll and Allendale tracts, nearly at the foot of the
hill. There is a row of Eucalyptus trees growing along where the old ditch
was, on the east bank of the roadway ; and a few rods below this the road
crosses Mill spring creek or Willow^dale creek, which is formed by the junc-
tion a little way above of the L,os Robles and Oak Knoll brooks.

Wii^ivOWDALE was a 17-acre lot at the northwest corner of the Richard-
son place on Mill spring creek, owned and named by Capt. J. Elwood Ellis,
and as " Willowdale " it is mentioned in early Pasadena history. It was later
owned and occupied by the widow of Will J. Bennett of Pasadena, daughter
of Mr. Richardson, but is now comprised in the Richardson farm. A dense
copse or jungle of willows growing along the creek on the place gave it its
name of " Willowdale." [See article on " Oak Knoll canyon."]

El Moeino (the Mill).— This is the historic Spanish name of the
ranch now owned by E. E- May berry, and from which Pasadena's Moline
Avenue was named. It was originally El Molino Avenue, but has been
anglicized into the shorter and easier form of Moline, whence many people
erroneously think the name was taken from the great manufacturing city of
Moline on the Mississippi river, in Illinois. See articles on "The Old
Mill," and " The Eake," for further history of this tract.

Lake Vineyard Ranch. — This is the old home place of Hon. B. D.
Wilson, who gave it this name from the old Mission lake which was partly
on his place, and also the extensive vineyards which he himself planted, in
addition to what had been planted there during the rule of the Padres.
Mr. Wilson's widow still resides here. This was the so-called " Cuati "
grant, made by Mexico in 1830, and confirmed by the U. S. commissioners
in 1859 to Victoria Reid, the Indian wife of the erudite Scotchman, Hugo
Reid. [See page 17.] Mr. Wilson bought it from Mrs. Reid. Lake Ave-

346 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

nue in Pasadena, which was originally " lyake Vineyard Avenue," was
named from this ranch. But the original name was too long for this fast
age.

San Marino. — This is Hon. J. De Barth Shorb's home place, next
east of the old L,ake Vineyard home of his father-in-law, Wilson. Mr.
Shorb's childhood home, his father's old plantation in Maryland, bore the
name San Marino, and he filially applied it to his elegant new home here
in California.

Winston Heights. — This is the old Col. W. H. Winston farm of 180
acres, bought from B. D. Wilson in 1868, and lying east of San Marino,
along the Santa Anita Avenue road to San Gabriel. The Winston place is
specially associated with Pasadena because of the long residence of L. C.
Winston, one of the sons, in the city — and the fact that his wife, Mrs. Eliza-
beth Winston, has been a prominent teacher in the Pasadena public schools
from 1880 till the present time — 1895. [See page 156, and foot-note to
page 187.] The Winston farm was a portion of the original Orizaba tract;
and San Marino was, also. [See third foot-note, page 53.] Mrs. M. E.
Winston, the aged widow, still owns the old farm, and her son, P. H. Win-
ston, resides on it — 1894 ; but its superintendent is T. S. White, who came
to California in 1852 and to Eos Angeles county in 1863. Mrs. Winston
herself resides in Los Angeles.

Fair Oaks Ranch. — ^Judge Eaton writes : "This name was given to
it by its first occupant, Mrs. Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, after a place of
that name, her childhood home, in Virginia." [See page 120.]

Verdugo Ranch, same as Rancho Saii Rafael, and joined Rancho
La Canyada, both of which belonged to Mariano de la Euz Verdugo, who
was in active service as a Spanish soldier and officer from 1766 to 1787, and
was with Gov. Portola's expedition to Monterey in 1769-70, therefore
crossed this land from west to east in January, 1770 [See page 57J, on their
return trip. Verdugo is mentioned in the Spanish records as " the retired
corporal of the San Diego company." This land was granted to him by
Gov. Fages, October 20, 1784, and the title was reaffirmed to him or to his
son Jose Maria Verdugo,* by Gov. Diego de Borcia, January 12, 1798. The
San Rafael ranch comprised upwards of 50,000 acres and extended nearly
to the Buena Vista-street bridge in Eos Angeles. It was also called by the
Spaniards " Ea Zanja, across the river four leagues from Eos Angeles."
This great total of 50,000 acres of land was described in the Spanish records
as "bounded on the north by a sycamore tree." The hacienda or patri-
monial ranch house was located at the mouth of Verdugo canyon, where the
village of Gleudale now stands. Verdugo continually borrowed money,

*Jose Maria Verdugo was corporal of the guard at San Gabriel most of the time from its founding
till 1798. His father was sergeant in command at Monterey from 1780 to 17S7, then retired as an invalid.
He had served also at San Diego and other points.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 347

giving liens on his land for security, until it was nearly all held by the
following creditors : Dreyfuss, Beaudry, Glassell, Chapman, Capt. Hunter,
Jose Ramirez, Tomas Sanchez, and others, A court commission consisting
of Judge B. S. Eaton, Judge A. W. Hutton and jas. Lander, Esq., was
appointed in 187 1 to apportion the land equally among these men, according
to their several claims. And thus it was that Beaudry received the hills
opposite Pasadena now known as the Johnson ranch ; Dreyfuss received the
hills and " Indian Flat " now known as Linda Vista ; Glassell received the
Eagle Rock and Garvanza region ; Capt. Hunter received the Highland
Park land ; and so on. According to law the court commission had to meet
on the land for each day's business ; and every time when they came, the
old man Verdugo would strike a military attitude and declaim in purest
Spanish, with dramatic gestures, "I'm a soldier of the king! All these
hills are mine ! All these valleys and mesas are mine ! All these cattle are
mine! r m a soldier of the king ! '' After this regular prologue the court
commissioners could go on with their business, but not before.

The Rancho La Canyada was the long, narrow valley lying between
the Sierra Madre mountains and the Verdugo hills, from Arroyo Seco up
westward to its junction with the San Fernando valley. This grant
amounted to 5,000 acres of land, and included what are now called La
Canyada and La Crescenta ; but Monte Vista and Glorieta Heights were in
the Rancho Tejunga.

The; Woodbury Tract. — This was an odd remnant of B. D. Wilson's
land up near the mountains, without water, and considered of little worth,
which he gave as a present to the original colony association, — in token of
his friendly good will, and of his satisfaction with the way they had divided
their lands and gone to work making improvements. The colony (San
Gabriel Orange Grove Association) sold about 900 acres of this mountain
slope body of land, in 1882, to F. J. and John Woodbury lor $5 per acre;
but by the time these men had secured a water supply and got it developed
and distributed to the land, it had cost them about $35 per acre. Other
portions of the 1,400 acres were sold to S. P. Jewett and others. F. J.
Woodbury had in 1881 bought of Dr. Hall's widow the original Rubio
canyon farm and was living there in the same hou«e now owned by the
Mount Lowe Railway Company and occupied by their farming tenants. With
this farm Mr. Woodbury had acquired the water rights of the Rubio canyon,
and ultimately piped this water down over the lands bought from the colony
association, where the brothers each built a fine residence, planted vine-
yards, orange groves and other fruits, and made extensive improvements.
It is now the village of Altadena, and junction of the Los Angeles Ter-
minal railroad and of the Pasadena and Pacific Electric railway with the
Mount Lowe Electric railway.

OI.IVEWOOD Tract.— This was eighty acres lying between Colorado

348 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

and Villa streets, and between El Molino and Lake Avenues, and a few
acres east of Lake Avenue along where the Santa Fe railroad now runs. It
was bought in 1880 by C. T. Hopkins of San Francisco, the founder and
president of the California Insurance company of that city. He employed
C. C. Brown to manage the property and plant it with trees and vines, a
large proportion of the land being devoted to olive trees — hence the name.
Olive wood station of the Santa Fe railroad is on this tract ; and in 1886-87
a strong effort was made to establish a permanent business and trading
center here ; but it failed at last, leaving several empty store-rooms as
cenotaphs to the dead "boom." In 1894 three of these store buildings
were sold and moved up to Colorado street east of Marengo Avenue.

Linda Vista Tract. — In 1883 Prof. J. D. Yocum purchased a body
of wild land on the west bank of the Arroyo Seco which had long been
known as " Indian flat," where a few families of native Mexicans lived in
their miserable shiftless and thriftless way. This tract extended from the
foot of Jumbo Knob opposite Reservoir hill up to the Verdugo hills near
Devil's Gate, and comprised arroyo bottom and bluff lands, mesa land and
mountain land, all densely covered with greasewood and other native chap.
paral growths. It was a part of the original Rancho San Rafael. Mr.
Yocum cleared the land, developed water upon it, opened streets, planted
orchards, and made his home there ; and eventually sold portions of it to
other parties who likewise made homes there. The West Pasadena street
railway, with its $8,000 suspension bridge across the arroyo, was built and
operated several years to connect Linda Vista with Pasadena ; but it failed
to pay expenses, was finally sold for debt, torn up, and partly used in con-
structing the Mt. Lowe Electric railroad.

Las Casitas Tract. — The land bearing this name is a small bench
or plateau forming a tongue between the Arroyo Seco and Millard canyon
at their confluence. It was first taken as a 160-acre homestead claim in
1875 by J. H. Gifford, afterward son-in-law to John W. Wilson ; and about
1880, Mr. Wilson filed a claim on water in Negro canyon and made a small
ditch to bring water around from the canyon to Giflford's homestead house,
who with his young wife then lived there. Gifford afterward sold his land
to Thomas Banbury.* Banbury traded the land to Preston Hollingsworth ;
he sold it to John L. Hartwell, who, assisted by his brother Calvin, piped the
water from Negro canyon down to it. Then in 1885-86 Hartwell sold it to
James Cambell, H. N. Rust and a Mr. Doyle, and they commenced making
further improvements there. Next, John R. Niles bought out the Rust and
Doyle interests, and he with Cambell laid it out in lots, graded streets,
piped water through them, named it Las Casitas, and put it on the market.
The name is Spanish — La Casa, the home ; Las Casitas, the little homes.
But Mr. Niles became deranged and had to be sent away to the insane
asylum ; this greatly embarrassed the business of giving titles to the lots,

MISS DR. GLEASON'S STRUCTURE.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 349

which could all have been sold at good prices during the ' ' boom ' ' but for
this difficulty. Meanwhile Jason Brown had bought from Painter & Ball
80 acres on the Arroyo bluff adjoining the Las Casitas plat on the west, for
$400.* He divided this up and sold it in parcels, making about $2,000
clear, but it took nearly all of it to pay his debts. Then he and his brother
Owen took as a homestead some rough mountain land just north of Las
Casitas, where they lived several years, and where Owen lies buried.
— — Among those who bought lots from Jason Brown
was Miss Adele Gleason, M. D., of Elmira, N.
Y., who erected there in 1886 87 a quaint and
picturesque sanitarium building, and opened it
for guests. But it proved a losing venture ;
and in 1890, she offered it to the State Teachers'
Association of California as a " home ' ' for sick
or disabled teachers. They had no funds to sus-
tain such a place, and could not accept the gift. Then in 1894, Dr. O. S.
Barnum of Pasadena, re-opened the sanitarium there ; and Las Casitas is
now one of Pasadena's established foot-mountain resorts — five miles dis-
tant, and 1,800 feet above sea level.

OLD SPANISH LAND GRANTS CONFIRMED.

The Spanish and Mexican method of describing boundaries of the
large land estates was, by so many leagues along some stream, or some
range of hills, or to some rock, tree, canyon, spring, or other object, without
any idea at all of the definite number of acres included. But when after
1849, the American method of measuring lands by townships, sections,
quarters, and definite acreage, began to come into use, there was a flood of
confusion about the old land grants, and the later titles acquired under
them. To remedy this, Congress in 1852, passed an act creating a commis-
sion to settle private land claims in California. This commission sat in Los
Angeles part of the time, and adjusted seventy -three individual claims in
this county alone — these ranging from ig}4 acres up to 116, 858^^ acres to
one person. From the official reports on these decisions I have culled the
following cases within or near Pasadenaland :

NAME OF PERSON WHOSE ,^ ^^ .^x,r-o DATE OF

NAME OF GRANT. ^^^^^ ^^^^ CONFIRMED. ^^^ «^ ^^^^^^ PATENT.

Mission San Gabriel Bishop J. S. Alemany 190.69 Nov. 19, 1S59.

Huerta de Cuati Victoria Reid 128.26 June 30, 1859.

San Pascual Manuel Garfias 13.693 93 April 3, 1863.

La Canyada J.R.Scott et al 5.832.10 Aug. i, 1866.

Santa Anita Henry Dalton 13,319.06 Aug. 9, 1866.

Mission San Gabriel, outlot..Bishop J. S. Alemany 55.23 Dec. 4, 1875.

San Pascual B. D. Wilson 708.57 Feb. 12, 1881.

San Rafael Julio Verdugo et al 36,403.32 Jan. 28, 1882.

San Pascual Juan Gallardo 700.00 (No date.)

Mission San Gabriel Daniel Sexton 227.75 May 16, 1871.

*Painter & Ball had bought from a man named Taylor, his unperfected homestead claim here , in
order to hold their own right of way from their water rights farther up the Arroyo, down to their great
Tract about Monks hill.

350 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

FLOWING SPRINGS BY NAME.

The Garfias or "Old Adobe" Spring. — This was a fine outgush
of water at the top of the Arroyo bank, a few rods below the foot of Her-
mosa street, and near where the original Garfias adobe ranch house stood,*
the walls of which were finally destroyed by Geo. W. Glover, Sr., in No-
vember, 1886. The spring pool was in the shade of a great spreading live-
oak tree, and is now all boxed up, the water being piped down to L,incoln
Park for its domestic water supply. The Indians had a village near this
spring before the Spaniards came.

Baker's Spring. — At Edwin Baker's place, on Grand avenue above
West Columbia street, he has a natural flowing spring, with a stone milk-
house built over it.

San Rafael Springs, or Johnson's spring. — In the west bank of the
Arroyo, nearly opposite the foot of California street, there is a bog or cienega
which yields a continuous supply of water, and from a well here the water
is pumped up into cisterns at the Johnson ranch house on top of the arroyo
hill.

Sheep Corral Springs. — During the old Mission occupancy of these
lands a sheep corral was maintained on Reservoir Hill, because of its good
outlook against approach of coyotes, foxes, bears, etc.; and at the foot of
its north slope was the great bog of water-bearing land for their drink supply.
Hon. Stephen C. Foster tells me that the padres kept all their black sheep
in flocks by themselves on rancho San Pasqual, and their white sheep on
rancho San Antonio, along the San Gabriel river above Downey. To save
expense of dying, the wools were cleaned and spun separately, then mixed
in the weaving, making salt-and-pepper cloth, and sometimes black and
white barred or striped goods, etc. This sheep corral was kept up in the
earlier years of the Garfias occupancy ; but was improved and better utilized
while Griffin and Wilson owned the ranch and were getting in some Yankee
push and enterprise to make the thing "pay." So when our Pasadena
colonists took the land they found remnants of sheep-corral fences, and
bottom timbers of the rude huts of the herders and booths of the shearers ;
and they hauled away tons of sheep manure to fertilize their young orange
trees. The name "sheep corral," therefore, applied to a thirty- or forty-acre
body of hill-top and slope and bottom land all around and above the springs
where the pumping works are now located. I have noticed that some
eastern people, not understanding our western word "corral," have written
this spring up gushingly as the "coral springs." That would do very well
for Florida, but not for California.!

*Mrs. G. W. Robinson, whose husband was jailor at I.os Angeles in the early sos. tells me that they
lived in a part of the Garfias house in I,os Angeles, corner of Main and First streets, and she and Mrs.
Garfias used to take their family washings out to this spring and have the work done there. The major
domo of Mrs. Garfias's mother lived there then, in charge of the ranch.

tThe blunder of a misprint of this name occurred in the Farnsworth pamphlet of 1883, on page 49—
" coral." It was printed at Oakland.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 351

The Ben Wilson Spring. — In 1874, J. Benjamin Wilson, son of
John W. Wilson, secured a tract of land which extended down over the
Arroyo bluff near the west end of IvOgan street ; and toward the bottom of
the high bank or bluff there was an issue of water which he developed
somewhat himself. Then in October and November, 1884, W. F. Gowie,
run a tunnel in 200 feet for him and claimed a fiowage of 7 inches of water.
The same property in 1894, is owned by P. W. Lloyd.

The Richardson Spring. — In 1877, Geo. A. Richardson bought 37
acres of land next north of Wilson's, and opened a spring in the bluff por-
tion of it. This spring was a few years ago purchased by the Painter
Brothers, and the water was pumped up to irrigate lands which they owned
on the arable flat above. In 1894 the spring was bought by the Pasadena
Land and Water Co., and also the Wilson spring and tunnel.

Flutterwheel Springs. ^ — ^Just below the rocky point on east side of
Devil's Gate there was formerly a great body of bog soil reaching perhaps
twelve feet above the Arroyo bed ; but it is all tapped or underdrained, and
entirely changed in appearance and character now, by the water company's
tunnels. At an early day, about 1872, a man named Chesley Cawthon im-
proved the water flowage on top of this bog-bank so as to gather its many
ripples into one stream and guide it by a plunge flume upon a wooden
water wheel which he had constructed. To this wheel he attached some
light machinery for boring, sawing, etc., and manufactured rustic chairs
from alder, sycamore, willow, and other light woods of the Arroyo. One
day B. D. Wilson was up there looking at it and playfully called it the
" flutterwheel mill." The name stuck, and that place is called " flutter-
wheel springs " to this day. Some fragments of Cawthon's old wheel were
there yet when our colonists took possession. Mr. Cawthon also built an
adobe house nearly where Yolo Avenue and Mountain street now join, at
Reservoir No. i. About 1880 81 ly. H. Michener lived in this Cawthon
adobe house, the land on which it stood having been bought by his father-
in-law, John H. Painter.

Thibbets Springs. — A Mr. Thibbets held a squatter's right on the
land next north of Devil's Gate on the east side, where there is perhaps an
acre of boggy or waterbearing soil, and lived there some years as its first
white-man occupant. Hence Judge Eaton called it by Thibbets 's name, and
it so remains.

Ivy Springs. — A man named Silas Ivy first claimed a body of land
on the west side above Devil's Gate, where the La Canyada creek enters
the Arroyo. Here were numerous trickles of water coming out of an ex-
tensive sandbed, and on being led into a common channel they formed a nice
little stream, the entire sandbed being called " Ivy Springs," from Mr. Ivy,
and not from the poison oak or "ivy" growing there, as many have supposed.

352 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The Bacon Spring. — As late as 1884 there was a spring with a large
barrel set down into it for a curb, under a sycamore tree at the head of the
Raymond brook, a few rods southeast from Raymond station. But its water
supply was tapped first by the building of the city sewer down across its
head source ; then by the digging and walling up of a large spring or well
at the foot of the north driveway up Raj-mond hill, where a steam pump
stood for a year or two ; then by the grading or deep cut of the Los An-
geles, Ramona and Pasadena R. R., now the Southern Pacific, a little way
east and south from the old spring place. This spring was also called the
" sycamore spring," and the " Marengo spring."

There are also some developed springs in Los Robles canyon which
rises at the foot of Los Robles avenue. Also water trenches and tunnels in
the springs at head of Oak Knoll canyon — foot of Moline avenue.

WHO NAMED THE STREETS, AND WHY.

Names that are given to streets from some well-known historic person-
age, or some state, or some favorite tree, etc., are obvious enough as to their
intent and meaning ; and I have not included such in this record. But
those which were named for some special personal or private reason, or had
some special historic association in their naming, are here recorded in alpha-
betical order, with such explanations as I have been able to gather in each
case. There are undoubtedly others that should be included in this list,
but in regard to which I did not get hold of the necessary data. The
reader who wishes to find the particular location of any of these streets is
referred to the city directory or city map ; to give local details of that sort
is the business of a directory, and not of a history volume.

Adella Avenue. — Opened first by A. Ninde, in 1886, through his land,
and named after his daughter, Mrs. A. V. Dunsmore.

Adena Street. — Opened by Dr. R. K. Janes (dentist), and named after
his wife.

Allen Ave7iue. — Opened when the Grogan tract was subdivided ; and it
was named in honor of Wm. Allen, who owned a ranch of 474 acres called
"The Sphinx," up near the mountains, and this avenue formed the west
line of his land. Mr. Allen had come from England and settled here in
1869.

Arbor Street. — Opened by I. M. Hill, and named from the cypress
arbor leading from the front of his house to Orange Grove Avenue. This
house was the third one built in the original colony settlement — built by
Col. J. Banbury, who also planted and trained the arbor in front, and it was
a notable thing in the early colony days, as a cool and shady place for the
family meals in warm weather, and the scene of many delightful social
gatherings. [The arbor was cut away in 1895.]

Arcadia ^/r^^/.— Opened in October, 1886, by Revs. A. W. Bunker and

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 353

I. G. Sigler, two Methodist preachers. Named from Washington Irving's
"Arcadia."

Arlington Drive. — Opened and named by C. H. Richardson of Pasa-
dena and Dr. W. G. Cochran of Los Angeles, in November, 1885. But
just why this name was given I failed to learn.

Ashtabula Street. — Mr. Elon Hart first opened this street and was
going to name it in honor of Joshua R. Giddings of Ohio. Then I sug-
gested that as there were so many people named Giddings residing here, the
name would miss of its historic intent. But if he would name it Ashtabula,
after the county and district in northeastern Ohio [the historic "Western Re-
serve"] which sent Giddings to congress continuously for seventeen years as
an anti-slavery champion, between 1840 and i860, I thought this special
historic association would cling to it for all time. So he named it Ashtabula
street. This was, I think, in 1887.

Arroyo Drive. — This street or roadway was laid out by the original
colonists, and so named because it followed the meander line of the Ar-
royo's east bank ; and also because it was the road they must follow to get
down to their wood lots — these being narrow strips or allotments of tim-
bered land which stretched from this Arroyo Drive on the east down the
steep, high bank, thence across the wash, thence up the wooded hill-slopes
west of the Arroyo.

Bandini Avenue. — Opened first by D. W. Shelhamer, and named in
honor of the historic family represented by Arturo Bandini, a native
Spaniard, whose land it passed through, and whose father was a historic
personage. [See pages 80, 87, etc.]"*" (Arturo Bandini married the daughter
of Dr. T. B. Elliott, president of the original "Indiana Colony," and has
taken a leading part in the hunting and field sports of Pasadena from its
foundation.) Bayard T. Smith, J. A. Wood and others opened it as Ban-
dini Avenue south of California street. Other parties opened a northward
extension of this avenue, but ignored the local historic fitness of the name
with which Mr. Shelhamer, Bayard Smith, Mr. Wood and Mr. Bandini had
started it, and dubbed their portion " Michigan Avenue," in direct violation
of the uniform custom in Pasadena, by which any extension of a street al-
ways carried the name applied at its first opening — probably through ig-
norance of the relations of Mr. Bandini's father and mother to the Amer-
ican acquisition and occupancy of this country. And if that perversion of

*Col. R. S. Baker, of Baker block fame in Los Angeles, came to California in 1849, and died May
26, 1894. And in a brief sketch ot his life the Los Angeles //«ra/rfgave this bit of history : " In 1874 he
married the widow of Don Abel Stearns, daughter of Don Juan Bandini, who was half owner [with
Stearns] at one time of nearly the whole of Southern California" Don Juan Bandini's father is buried
under the flag stones at San Gabriel : and his grandfather was captain of the Spanish war ship Reina in

wordof honor to return them; but they have never been able to get back a sheet of it since.
23

354 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Street name continues, it will be a lasting shame and disgrace to Pasadena.
It ought to be Bandini Avenue clear through.

Benefit Court. — Opened in 1887 by A. F. Keyes, and named from
Benefit street in Worcester, Mass., his former home.

Bellevue Drive. — Opened by James Smith in 1885. Bellevue is French
for beautiful or lovely view, and is a smooth, easy, pleasant-sounding word ;
and for these reasons it was applied as a name for this street.

Bradford Street. — Opened by H. J. Holmes. He had a favorite son
who graduated in the Naval Academy at Anapolis, Maryland, and held an
official position in the U. S. navy. This son married a Miss Bradford ;
they had a boy baby named Bradford Holmes, and Mr. Holmes named his
new street after this little grandson.

Buckeye Street. — Opened by Elon Hart, and named from Ohio, the
Buckeye state, from whence he came.

Burton Street. — Opened by Mrs. Mary A. Burton, and named for her
husband. (1887.)

Camden Street. — Opened by Hon. Delos Arnold and Dr. O. H.
Conger, and named that way by Mr. Arnold just because he fancied the
name.

Carlton Street. — Opened by F. B. Wetherby, in 1886, and named
from the Carlton hotel, which was just at that time the most notable project
under way at Pasadena's business center.

Center Street. — Opened and named by M. H. Weight, in August,
1885, through the "center" of his land.

Champlain Street. — Opened by, W. S. Holland, in 1886. His birth-
place was Penton, Vermont, on Lake Champlain, and this was why he
so named his new street.

Chestnut Street. — Opened by H. F. Goodwin, 1886 ; named from
Chestnut street, Philadelphia.

Concord Street {Co7crt). In 1886-87 some New Kngland people

opened this small extension opposite the east end of Kansas street ; and in
February, 1887, they started a movement to have the name of Kansas street
changed to Concord street, notwithstanding that for a length of six squares
(from Marengo to Vernon avenue) it had been duly entered on the county
records as Kansas street. Against this presumptuous move a storm of
indignation and vehement protest was raised by the settlers and lot-owners
on Kansas street ; and the project failed. [In 1894 the City Council changed
the name to Green street, in deference to Hotel Green and its owner.]

Congress Street. — The H. H. Markham tract was platted and put
upon the market by a real estate firm while Mr. Markham was in congress
from this district, and the street was named by them in honor of the public
place which he then held — 1885. This was five years before he reached the
higher distinction of Governor of California.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 355

Craig Avenue. — This was laid out when the Grogan tract was sur-
veyed for subdivision, in 1876, and named for James Craig, an Englishman
who came here in 1869 as agent for Mr. Grogan of San Francisco, and
bought from Griffin and Wilson 5,000 acres of land without any water right
attached. This land became historic as the "Grogan Tract," and Mr.
Craig acquired 150 acres of it himself, building a home there which he
called "The Hermitage." This Mr. Craig made the first brave, strong
effort to secure artesian water in Pasadena, sinking a well with that object
490 feet deep, on East Villa street, but which never outflowed a drop.

Dayton Street. — Opened by J. H. Baker, in 1884, and named in
commeration of his wife's birthplace, Dayton, Ohio.

Delmar Street. — Opened in 1885, by Will Defriez and his mother
Mrs. Susan A. Defriez. It was named from Delmar Avenue, St. Eouis, their
former home ; and in St. Louis it was an old French family name.

DeLacy Street. — First opened by Alex. F. Mills, in 1884, and named
after his father-in-law, R. W. Lacy. Mr. Lacy's original family name had
the French form, DeLacy, but his father had dropped the De, and in naming
his street Mr. Mills used the old original family name.

Douglas Street. — Opened by a land syndicate under the manage-
ment of Dr. Lyman Allen, in 1887. A Mrs. Flynn and her sister were
large shareholders, and the street was named after Mrs. Flynn's son,
Douglas.

Eldorado Street. — Opened by Justus Brockway, in 1886, and named
from Eldorado county, Cal. , where he had formerly resided.

Elevado Drive. — This street was first opened by Charles R. Foote, in
October, 1886, and named Berkshire street, in memory of his old home,
Berkshire county, Massachusetts. The real estate firm of D. Galbraith and
G. Roscoe Thomas then bought Mr. Foote's land, divided it up into smaller
lots and pushed their sale. But they said, "In all the country west of New
York the name Berkshire is so thoroughly identified with a certain favorite
breed of hogs that everybody who sees the name of this street will at once
think 'hog!' and we don't want people to think hog on our street." So
they changed the name to "Elevado," which is Spanish for elevated, or
" 'way up " — but whether this applied most to the upness of the lots or the
upness of the prices, history fails to tell.

Esther Street. — Opened by L. H. Michener, in 1886, and named
after his wife, Esther Painter, daughter of John H. Painter.

Euclid Avenue. — First opened by C. M. Skillen, who came here from
Ohio in 1880, and named his new street after the famous Euclid Avenue of
Cleveland, Ohio. This was in September, 1885.

Fair Oaks Ave?iue. — When the original San Gabriel Orange Grove
Association's colony lands were platted, this street formed their east bound-
ary, and was named after the " Fair Oaks" farm (then owned by Judge

356 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Eaton, who was also president of the Association) — the only spot on the
whole San Pasqual ranch which had been put under proper cultivation to
show what the land would produce. The Fair Oaks farm is now owned by
Hon. J. F. Crank. What is now called lyincoln Avenue, running diagon-
ally northwest, was at first a part of Fair Oaks Avenue and was the bound-
ary line of the colony lands. The Valley Union of June 4, 1886, gives an
account of the straightening of this avenue, which is a good illustration of
how things went in the boom time, and I quote :

' ' The awkward bend in Fair Oaks Avenue where it bore off north-
westward from the foot of the Dunton place has been an eyesore to good
Pasadenians for many years. But now a syndicate, headed by the brothers
M. D. and A. J. Painter, has bought or negotiated for all of the lands
necessary to open a street through on a straight line from the Raymond
hotel to Mountain View cemetery and the mountains The first acquisition
necessary was a small triangle on the old Dunton home-place now belonging
to Mrs. Dr. Thomas, and for this triangle the syndicate paid $1,200. Next
north is the Dr. Sheldon property, now owned by the Hon. Delos Arnold of
Marshalltown, Iowa, who is all right on streets. Next are the twenty acres
owned by the three Misses Stowell and their companion, for which $25,500
was paid. Next, the Carey place of five acres, owned by Dr. J. S. Baker,
the health ofiicer of lyos Angeles, and $5,000 was paid for this tract. Next
is the Miller place of about four acres — price not given. Next, J. S.
Hearn's place, four and one-half acres, $5,000. Then a small triangle be-
longing to Carter & Miller, which was bought for $500. This lets them
through to Mountain Avenue at its junction with north Fair Oaks, at what
is known as the John Allin place, and from there Fair Oaks runs straight
by an easy grade to the cemetery, and beyond."

After the job was done, the same paper on July 9, 1886, said : " The
straightened part of Fair Oaks Avenue is about half a mile long and seventy
feet wide, and has cost for property to cut it through about $38,000."

First Street. — A short street opened by the real estate firm of Wallace
Bros., and so named because it was at that point the first street south of
Colorado.

Florence Street. — Opened by Milford Fish, in the autumn of 1887, and
named after his daughter, Florence.

Galena Avenue. — First part opened and named by James Hewitt from
Chicago, when he laid out Hewitt's subdivision. Street named after
Galena, Illinois.

Gatfias Avenue. — Opened by Wotkyns Bros, and ScharfF Bros, through
, their respective subdivisions. Other parties had agreed to continue it on
down to the old Garfias adobe ranch house, the ruins of which were then
still remaining, 1887, and this gave the name ; but that extension, and
another one promised northward, were not made. [For Garfias occupancy,
see page 63, and following.]

Gertrude Court. — Opened by Dr. L. A. Wright, and named after his
little daughter, in 1886.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 357

Glenarm Street. — Named by Thomas Banbury, from his wife's child-
hood home place in Ontario, Canada.

Glendale Street. — In 1885 M. W. McGee from Kansas City, Mo.,
bought the well-improved colony home of W. O. Swan, Sr. The orchard
extended through from Fair Oaks to Marengo Avenue, with the family
mansion about midway, and a private drive passing through from one
avenue to another in front of the vine-trellised house and amply shaded front
yard, where flowers, shrubbery, and a fountain added to the rural
beauty of the place. Mr. McGee named it Glendale, and placed a sign
bearing this name over the driveway entrance on each avenue. In 1887 he
sold to a real estate syndicate that portion of his land lying between Fair
Oaks Avenue and the railroad track, and they made his private driveway
into a street, naming it Glendale. Then he extended it on up to Marengo
Avenue.

Glorieta Street. — This name used to be laughed at as rather fantastical,
for it was supposed to be a bit of superlative boom gush, meaning only
" glorious," or something of that sort. But there is a Glorieta postoffice in
Santa Fe county, New Mexico ; and there is a large tract called Glorieta
Heights away up northwest above I^a Canyada ; and the Santa Fe railroad
crosses the Glorieta mountains in New Mexico at an altitude of 7,453 feet.

Gordon Terrace. — Opened by James Smith, in 1885. He had a son
named James Gordon Smith ; and about this time the English army in
India, under Gen. Gordon, was cooped up in Khartoum b}^ the rebellious
natives, and the General was killed before re-inforcements could reach him.
This was an event of world-wide celebrity at the time, and really decided
the naming of this street.

Grand Avenue. — One day some time in 1885, Thomas Nelmesand Mrs.
R. E. Burnham chanced to make a social call at I. M. Hill's residence on
the same evening. The great real estate boom was then rising to its flush-
tide, and, of course, became the topic of conversation. They all owned
land reaching from Orange Grove Avenue to the bluff declivity. The idea
was broached that a wide street with trees on both sides and in the middle
might be opened, following the meander line of the bluff, with one tier of
lots having the Arroyo view. Mrs. Hill exclaimed, " O, wouldn't that be
grand!" Mr. Nelines responded, "And that shall be its name — Grand
Avenue !" Thus the project was started ; however, some owners would not
give land enough for the wideness desired ; and so the grandness was some-
what deplumed ; but the name stuck.

Graiit Street.- — Opened by Dr. Thomas Rigg and W. O. Swan, Sr., in
October, 1885, and named, of course, in honor of Gen. Grant.

Green Street. — See Kansas street.

Henrietta Court. — Opened by A. Cruickshank, and named for his wife.

Howard Street. — Opened by Dr. O. H. Conger, and named after his
only son, Howard Conger.

35^ aiSi*ORY OF t>ASADaNA.

Hudson Avenue.— Opened by Wetherby and Kayser, in 1886, and
named by Mr. Wetherby from the Hudson river, the scene of his boyhood
days.

Herkimer Street. — Opened by S. D. Bryant, first through his own land
on Los Robles Avenue, then he had to buy enough of a strip to extend it
through to Moline Avenue, rather than have it stand as a mere court. He
named it from Herkimer county. New York, his native place.

Holliston Ave7iue. — First opened in 1887 by H. R. Case, and named
from Holliston, Mass., his old home.

Hill Street. — Opened in 1886 by a syndicate, and named after E. R.
Hull.

Hurlbiit Street. — Named after E. F. Hurlbut. It stops at the stone
wall which encloses the east side of his fine home place. It was first called
" Terrace Avenue," and is so named on some old maps ; but that name had
no sense or fitness in that locality, and was changed to Hurlbut.

Ipswich Street. — Opened in 1885, by Henry A. Wallis, who was born at
Ipswich, Mass., in a house that was erected there in 1630, and is still
standing.

Kansas Street. — Opened first by Martin MuUins, through the Mul-
lins tract, and named for the State he came from. This tract was the first
regularly platted and recorded block of village lots ever made in Pasadena,
the small lots previously sold having been described by metes and bounds.
Mr. Mullins had bought from John S. Mills seven acres, "being the s ^ of
lot 6 in Berry & Elliott's subdivision in the subdivided lands of the San
Gabriel Orange Grove Association, in the Rancho San Pasqual, Los Angeles
county, California — 47 lots." Plat recorded November 24, 1883 — only six
days ahead of Wesley Bunnell's plat of his lots on Union street and Little
avenue. The first dwelling house on Kansas street was built by Dr. H. A.
Reid, at corner of Pasadena Avenue and Kansas street, early in 1884. Feb-
ruary 19, 1887, an attempt was made to change the name to Concord street,
but was defeated. But in 1894 the city council changed the name to Green
street, in deference to Col. G. G. Green and his great hotel.

Kensirigton Place. — Opened by W. U. Masters, and named by the lady
members of his family, after Kensington, England (London).

Kirkwood Avenue. — Named after ex-Gov. Samuel Kirkwood of Iowa.
He served also as United States senator ; and as secretary of the Interior
in President Garfield's cabinet. After all these high honors he settled down
quietly at his family home in the outskirts of Iowa City ; and just for a
joke his neighbors elected him road overseer. He took the office, and made
the jokers work, so that at the end of the year the township had better
roads than it ever knew before.

Lake Avenue. — This was originally called Lake Vineyard Avenue,
laid out by Hon. B. D. Wilson and named after his Lake Vineyard

DIVISION FIVK — NAMES. 359

home place. In the boom time an extension of this thoroughfare was
opened up to Las Flores canyon, and an effort made to call this new part
"Prospect Avenue," as a name more likely to attract buyers. But that
name did not stick, for it is now called Lake Avenue all the way up.

Little Avenue. — Opened by Wesley Bunnell, and plat recorded
November 30, 1883, six days after Martin Mullins had his Kansas street
tract recorded. Mr. Bunnell had joined with Williams and O'Hara in open-
ing Union street, then he opened this avenue from the end of Union street
as it then was, out through his own land south to Colorado street. He had
bought this land from an old bachelor named K. P. Little, who went back
east ; and as it was only a little short street, these two facts settled the name
of it as " Little Avenue."

Livingston Place. — Opened and named by Wotkyns Bros. They
were all New Yorkers. Livingston Place in New York city was familiar to
them ; and one of the brothers who was very tall, — 6 feet i)^ inches — had
Livingston for his middle name ; and so they named it.

Lockehaven Street. — Opened by Mrs. R. C. Locke, through 30 acres
which she bought in 1874. Named after her colony home place there,
" Locke Haven."

Los Robles Avenue. — Opened by Hon. B. D. Wilson, in 1876, and
named from Gov. Stoneman's place at the lower end of the street, which
was called the " Los Robles ranch," or home. The street ended at Stone-
man's fence^ which still stands there and forms the south line of the city,
Los Robles is Spanish for " the oaks."

Madeline 7?£'^z</. — Opened by Gen. Edwin Ward, and named for his
daughter Madeline, now Mrs. Kirk of Chicago.

Madison Avenue. — First opened by Ed. L. Karris and Dr. Wm. Con-
verse, in 1885. Dr. Converse was from Chicago, and he named their new
street from Madison avenue in that city.

Marengo Avenue. — Also opened by B. D. Wilson ; and named from the
" Marengo ranch " at its south end, then owned by H. D. Bacon, but now
much divided up.

Mary Street. — Messrs. W. C. Mosher and B. F. Ball owned colony
tracts adjoining each other and extending from Fair Oaks Avenue west to
Vernon Avenue. In the boom time they wanted to open a street along their
joint line, and were for some time in a quandary about what name to give
it. But finally Mr. Mosher spoke up with a sudden impulse, "Frank,
your wife's name is Mary, isn't it ? "

"Yes, her name's Mary," replied Ball.

" Well, my wife's name is Mary, too. We'll call it Mary Street,'' said
Mosher. And that settled the matter. Mary street it went, — though
" Two Marys street" would fit the case more historically.

Maylen 5/r^^/.— Opened by Mrs. R. E. Burnham, in 1886. Her father's

360 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

mother's maiden name was Maylen, and she was a direct descendant from
Lord Maylen Chamberlain of Coventry, England, and inherited property
from him. Mrs. Burnham's only daughter, now deceased, was named
Mary Maylen Burnham ; and from these facts came the name of this street.

Mentor Avenue. — Opened in 1886 by Ed. Karris and Dr. G. Roscoe
Thomas. Their wives were both born at Mentor, Ohio, and were school-
mates there in their girlhood ; and this was the reason for so naming the
street. But Mentor had also become famous as the home place of Presi-
dent Garfield ; and Mrs. Thomas's father was a member of the state legis-
lature with Garfield when the latter commenced his remarkable and noble
political career.

Mercer Street. — Opened by J. H. Fleming, and named from his native
town, Mercer, in Mercer county, Pennsylvania. From there also he enlisted
as a Union soldier in the 5th Pennsylvania infantry regiment.

Millard Avemte.^O-pened and named by E. Millard, one of the early
city councilmen.

Mill Street. — This was originally only a private driveway from Colo"
rado street to A. F. Mills's cottage, which he had built in part from the
original colony school house that had been moved from below California
street on Orange Grove Avenue up to the 5 -acre school lot donated by B. D.
Wilson at the business center. In 1884, when Martin Mullins opened Kansas
street through the middle of his 7 -acre tract, he opened an alley for rear
access to his business lots fronting on Fair Oaks Avenue, and this connected
with Mr. Mills's private driveway, so that there was a passage clear through
from Colorado to Kansas street, and it was commonly called Mills's drive
or Mills street. But in January, 1886, Messrs. A. Pickard and H. M. Porter
started a feed mill in a rough frame building on the east side of this alley or
driveway ; and Mr. Mills says it took its record name of " Mill street" from
this pioneer mill, and not from his name.

Moline Avenue. — Opened by Hon. B. D. Wilson, and originally called
El Molino [the Mill] Avenue, from the El Molino ranch or home place of
Col. E. J. C. Kewen, now owned by K. E- Mayberry, — where the historic
old mill built by the Mission Fathers is still standing, and much visited by
relic hunting tourists. [See page 42.]

Mulberry Street. — Opened by A. Ninde, in 1886, and named from Mul-
berry street in Baltimore, Maryland, his boyhood home.

Mundell Drive. — Opened and named by I. N. Mundell, the first city
marshal of Pasadena.

Oakland Aveyiue. — This street was named at a meeting held in the
office of the Eyman Allen Eand Co., in 1886, of parties interested in getting
it opened clear through from Colorado to California street, but which was
not accomplished. There were some fine old oak trees along its line, and as
a compromise tie-up between these and Oakland, California, the name was
adopted. [Finally opened through in 1895.]

DIVISION F'lVE — name;s. 361

Olcott Place. — Opened by Geo. F. Kernaghan and Hon. Delos Arnold,
and named by Mr. Kernaghan after George M. Olcott of New York, his
former business partner.

Orange Grove Avenue. — lyaid out and named by Calvin Fletcher, who
superintended the platting and subdivision of the original colony lands of
the San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, in December and January,
1873-74. He took pains to bring two large live-oak trees into the middle of
the street so that they might be preserved, and not destro3'ed by private
cupidity or stupidity, as many other such trees were afterward. And those
two trees still remain — 1895. [See page 167.]

Pamter Street. — Opened by L. H. Michener, and named in honor of his
father-in-law, John H. Painter, the head man of the great Painter & Ball
tract enterprise. The north line of the city runs along this street. Mr.
Painter was father of the Painter brothers, M. D. and J. A., who built the
Painter Hotel, opened Fair Oaks Avenue through on a straight line, built
and owned the City Railroad Company's street car lines up to and beyond
North Pasadena, and other public enterprises. [For Father Painter's con-
nection with " Old John Brown," see page 325.]

Palmetto 5/r^<?/.- -Opened hy H. W. Magee in 1885. Named from
palmetto trees planted along its borders.

Pearl Street. — First opened by A. Ninde, and named from Pearl street
in Baltimore, Md., his early home.

Peoria Street. — Opened in 1886 by Miller and Carpenter, and named
from Peoria, 111. The same parties had previously opened and named Illi-
nois street.

Rarnona Street. — Named by Mrs. Cordelia A. Boynton and Miss E. L.
Ogden, from Helen Hunt Jackson's famous Southern California story of
" Ramona."

Raymond Avenue. — This thoroughfare starts near the Raymond depot at
the great hotel from which it takes its name, and runs in straight line four
miles, to Mountain View Cemetery. It was first opened at the lower part,
and name agreed upon, by eight or ten different land owners who subdivided
their lands into city lots, in 1887.

San Pasqual Street. — Opened by Hon. B. D. Wilson, in 1876, and
named from the San Pasqual ranch, as it then formed the boundary line
between that ranch and his home place called the Lake Vineyard ranch.

Santa Anita Avenue. — Opened in 1868 by Wilson and Griffin when they
sold the Grogan tract and other lands out of their San Pasqual ranch.
It was the east boundary of the Grogan and Winston tracts, and extends in
a straight line from the mouth of Eaton canyon down to California street, or
below it to the cienega in the Craig Avenue swale, where Ford Bros, sunk
the first successful artesian well in this region. The west line of the orignal
" Rancho Santa Anita " extended from Eaton canyon diagonally southwest-

362 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ward to about the junction of Hill Avenue and California street ; this new,
straight north-and-south avenue was therefore on land from that ranch, and
hence its name. What is now known as the Santa Anita ranch, or " lyUcky
Baldwin's " place, is only a fraction of the original body of land covered by
that Spanish title; but Baldwin still holds the old name.

Shorb Avenue, — Opened and named by Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb.
Si. John Avenue. — Opened by James Cambell, and named after Kx-Gov.
John P. St. John of Kansas, the prohibition candidate for president in 1884.
Mr. Cambell and his wife were much devoted to the cause of state and
national prohibition, and thus testified their regard for the great leader of
that cause.

Simtmit Avenue. — First opened by Stephen To wnsend, in 1886, and so
named because it lay along the summit of a ridge at his place between Fair
Oaks and Marengo Avenues.

Terrace Drive. — First opened by Hannah R. Arnold, Delos Arnold,
Mary A. Bartlett and Dr. O. H. Conger. They named it Terrace Drive
because it was cut along the hill slope in terrace fashion.

Union Street. — Opened in November, 1883, by R. Williams, Thomas
O'Hara and Wesley Bunnell, and named Union street because they "united"
in opening it. At this time it onl}^ extended from Fair Oaks Avenue east to
lyittle Avenue. Of course there was then no Raymond Avenue nor railroad.

Valley Street. — Opened by S. Washburn and J. H. Baker, in 1884-5.
At this time the word " valley " was much in vogue. Pasadena was rapidly
winning fame as the "crown of the valley" ; the local paper was called
' ' Valley Union ' ' ; the San Gabriel Valley Railroad [now Santa Fe route]
was then struggling with difficulties and pushing its way forward, Mr.
Washburn being its treasurer and one of its three chief promoters. So he
named his new street Valley street.

Villa Street. — Opened by Hon. B. D. Wilson, and named from the
"Sierra Madre Villa " hotel, which was at that time the most noted hostelry
and invalid tourist resort in all this region of country. And this street was
expected to become the direct route from Pasadena to that place ; but it was
too sandy, and Colorado street gained and held the preference for travel.

Vineyard Street. — Opened by P. G. Wooster, and named from Martha's
Vineyard, Ma.ss., his wife's childhood home.

Wallis Street. — Opened and named by Henry A. Wallis, who owned
the land and lived there.

Waverly Drive. — Opened by James Smith, in 1885, and named from Sir
Walter Scott's "Waverly " novels,

Wilson Avenue. — Opened by Hon. B. D. Wilson in his I^ake Vineyard
Colony tract, in 1876, and given his own name.

VVino7ia Avemce. — Opened and named by Wm. Heiss, of Heiss Bros.,
clothing merchants, in 1887. ^^^ family formerly resided in Minnesota,

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 363

and he commemorated that bit of family history by naming the new street
after the city of Winona, Minn., because he liked that Indian name.

Worcester Avenue. — Opened by Ed. L,. Karris, in 1886. Mrs. Cordelia
A. Boynton and Miss K. L. Ogden owned land needed for the opening, and
Mr. Farris gave them the privilege of naming the new street ; and accord-
ingly the name of Mrs. Boynton's birthplace, Worcester, Mass., was de-
cided upon. An effort was made to. get it opened clear through to Walnut
street ; but the school directors refused to let a public street run so close to
the Lincoln school-house as would be necessary, and also would not let that
school's playground be lessened or marred even by a ten-foot driveway
across it. Then Mrs. Boynton and Miss Ogden opened Ramona street to
give the north end of their new avenue an outlet to Marengo Avenue.

Yolo Avenue. — Opened by the Patten brothers in 1888, and named by
Engineer Piper, who surveyed it, because he came from Yolo county, Cali-
fornia. The word means "region of tules" or rushes, and is from the

ancient Aztec language.

STREET ALTITUDES.

While Surveyor J. M. Willard was locating the street car line along
Colorado street, in 1886, he recorded the altitude above sea level at all the
principal street crossings, as follows :

PLACE. FEET.

Fair Oaks Avenue at Colorado street crossing 997.00

Marengo Avenue at Colorado street crossing 1,016.13

Euclid Avenue at Colorado street crossing i ,005 . 6 1

Los Robles Avenue at Colorado street crossing 1,002.08

Moline Avenue at Colorado street crossing 980. 93

Lake Avenue at Colorado street crossing 969. 72

Wilson Avenue at Colorado street crossing 964. 7 1

Hill Avenue at Colorado street crossing 950-47

Santa Fe elevations are :

Lincolu Park 635 Raymond 748 Los Robles Avenue 871

South Pasadena 674 Pasadena 829 Olivewood 850

CHAPTER XIX.

Mountain Peaks, Canyons, Water Falls, Hills, and other Natural Objects ; with their
several Names, and when, why and by whom these Names were given.
The Old Mill; the Mission Lake [or Wilson's lake]; etc.

MOUNTAIN PEAKS OF PASADENALAND.

Our local mountain peaks vary very much in appearance as viewed from
different standpoints in the 4X 7 miles extent of Pasadena residences, from the
Arroyo bluff to Santa Anita Avenue, and from Lincoln Park to Giddings
Heights ; hence I have taken the corner of Colorado street and Marengo Ave-

364

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

nue as a convenient central point from which to designate the different peaks
by name. But the view would be nearly the same from the Presbyterian
church, the Wilson High School, the Throop Polytechnic Institute, the Hotel
Green, etc.

Mount Harvard. — lyooking north-by-east from our chosen standpoint,
the most striking object toward the mountain top is a prominent detached
spur forming a tangent ridge by itself, with its crest running north and
south and a pretty well defined gable-end facing southward. During the
days of Spanish and Mexican rule this promontory was called El Picacho,
"the peak." As seen from Anaheim or Los Nietos, or any of that old-
settled southeasterly region, only its end came into view, and it seemed
verily "The Peak"; and it was so nearly due north that it served the

GODFATHERS AT CHRISTENING OF MOUNT HARVARD, APRIL 7, 1892.

President Klliot of Harvard College ; Prof. T. S. C. Lowe of Mount Lowe fame ; Prof. Will S. Monroe, city
.superintendent of Pasadena .schools ; Prof. Winship of Bo.ston ; Walter Raymond of Raymond hotel ;
Judge B. S. Eaton ; H. W. Magee, Esq ; Chas. A. flardner, editor Pasadena Daily Star: W. S. Gilniore
of I<os Angeles Daily Times staff; Clarence S. Martin of Martin's camp ; Mr. Severance.

Spanish workmen a noon-mark by the sun. Byron O. Clark relates that
when Manuel E. Garfias, the first European child ever born in Pasadena-
land, worked for him at Anaheim in 1870, he always looked at this " Peak "
to see when it was dinner time. The first name that I heard it called by
(winter of 1883-4) was "The Hogback." From Pasadena this promontory
appears to be the highest part of the mountain, but Judge Eaton says it is
250 feet lower than Wilson's peak. I called it South Gable Promontory, a
name which explains itself at sight. On April 7, 1892, President Elliot of
Harvard University accompanied a party up the Toll Road to visit the site
where the Harvard photographing telescope had done its special work.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 365

From Martin's camp the party walked up to the summit outlook of the
promontorj^, which afifords a wonderfully fine view of the valley below, and a
less obstructed view of the settlements along the foot of the range eastward
than any other point, on account of its jutting out almost at a right angle
from the main range ; and at this time, as a compliment to Presid^-nt Elliot,
it was christened " Mount Harvard."* At its base lies the ranch of Abbot
Kinney (known to old settlers before 1880 as the Seabury place), which he
has named " Kinneloa," — (an Anglo-Sandwich-Island word modeled after
Maunaloa and other "loas" in the region of Honolulu — and meaning
Kinney's home). Mr. Kinney tried to get this conspicuous mountain spur
named Kinneloa by government authority, but was frustrated in it by Pasa-
dena parties.

Pyramid Peak. — In front of the promontory, or a little eastward, and
a little lower down is a small pyramidal peak, so distinct in its outline as to
name itself.

Henniger's Fi^at. — About half way down the west slope of Mount
Harvard there is a very distinct mountain terrace known as " Henniger's
Flat." This body of land was taken as a squatter's claim in 1880 or '81 by
an old-time Californian named Wm. K. Henniger, residing at San Gabriel
and known as " Capt. Henniger," who went up there to stay for the benefit
of his health. He was the first sheriff of Santa Clara county ; and gained
his title of Captain by service in some of the local expeditions of white
settlers against Indians, which were very common in California thirty to
forty years ago. During the "dry" season of 1882 83 his water supply
failed, and he left the place for a few months. But the copious rains of
1884 made the water supply good again ; and he returned, built a house,
developed water, made a storage cistern, cleared and cultivated some of the
land, and established himself as a permanent resident there. Henniger had
made only the rudest sort of a footpath up the mountain, over which him-
self and a mule could pass. In 1885-86, E. L. Mayberry had a mind to
build a house up there as a health home for his invalid wife ; and with this
idea he made a bridle road so that he could go up and down on horseback,
but intended if he did finally build a house there to make a carriage road
up to it. However, the complete isolation of the place and its difficulty of
access was too much, and Mayberry dropped the project after making his
bridle road and riding over it a few times ; and Henniger continued his her-
mit life, with only an occasional mountain cHmbing visitor to break the
monotony, until the Mount Wilson Toll Road was constructed in 1890-91.
This road extends about a mile along the east edge of Henniger's Flat, and
at a point near the farm house there is a watering place for man and beast
making the ascent. Capt. Henniger claimed to have from 30 to 40 acres of

*" At Martin & Lynch's the visitors never tire of sitting under the awnings or out on the promon-
tory of Mount Harvard (Kinneloa), watching the glorious prospect," etc.— Pasadena Star, Sept. 22. i8g2.

366 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

land under cultivation, with more that migh<- be cleared and utilized. He
raised hay, grain, fruits, vegetables, poultry. In October, 1891, with a
party of four, I procured there from him a supply of most excellent water-
melons, peaches, plums, etc. The old man stuck to his mountain home,
for he could not live in a lower altitude, and finally died there May 4, 1894
— aged 75. Peter Steil of Pasadena furnished the old man with groceries
and other supplies during his last lingering illness, and attended to his
burial when he died. July 3, 1895, H. C. Allen bought the Henniger
property, 120 acres, at administrator's sale, for $2,600, and made it adjunct
to the Mount Wilson Toll Road Company's plans of development.

Wilson's Peak— Mount Wilson. — Back of or north from Mount
Harvard lies Wilson's Peak, which is not a peak at all, but a great body
of mountain, from which Harvard and Pyramid are projecting spurs. The
summit of Mount Wilson has plowable land enough for two or three good
farms, no more rough, hilly or stony than farms I have seen cultivated in
Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, New York, Northern California, and several
New England states. Mr. A, G. Strain raised barley, pumpkins, potatoes,
and some other vegetables successfully up there on the very summit, where
a wild barley field had flourished aforetime and been a favorite pasture
ground for deer ; but generally the rains cease and leave the ground dry too
early in the season to make the tillage profitable ; and there is no chance to
reach the field crop lands by irrigation except with pumping works, which
would be too expensive, as the permanent springs are from 100 to 300 feet
lower altitude than these lands. The top of Mount Wilson varies from one-
quarter to a mile in width north and south and about two miles east and
west — and that is why I say there is no distinct peak. It takes its name
from Hon. B. D.Wilson, who, in 1864, built the original trail to its summit.
See article, " Wilson's Trail."

The north slope of Mount Wilson forms the south wall of west San
Gabriel canyon, the flowage of this branch of the famous river being from
west to east. An old burro trail of fearful and perilous character led from
the Wilson summit down into this canyon, a distance of four or five miles,
to Pasadena camp. In June, 1891, a party of Pasadena young folks were
encamped there, consisting of Misses Jessie R. Mitchell, Louise Kerr, Alice
Glass, Ella Knight, Winnifred Webb ; also Charles C. Glass, Unn Free-
man, Rhoden Scudder, Alva McCoy. June 20th Carlton Durrell and Will
L,inney started from Pasadena with a horse named "Jerry" loaded with
camp supplies, to join their friends in the canyon. They reached Wilson's
peak the first day ; and on the 21st (it being Sunday) they started down the
adventurous trail. But at a certain extra perilous passage called "Devil's
slide,"* their horse lost his footing, and went rolling, tumbling, grinding

* In October, 1891, Dr. H. A. Reid and wifeworked hard two days makinga new and safer trail right
over the moutitain spur instead of aloagr its steep and crumbly sidecalled " Devil's slide." While they
were at work the second day, and before they had ,g:ot the new route entirely opened, P. T. Reed of
Sierra Madre came along with a hunting party, just returning from Barley Flats, and wasthe first to
ride over it. oronouncing it " a mighty sight better " than the old one. It is in use yet, and is called
" Reid's trail."

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES.

367

helplessly down the steep, rocky declivity 800 feet to the bottom — of
course being killed, his pack torn into tatters, and the provisions scattered
all along the slope, as food for mountain animals and insects. Fortunately,
the young men themselves managed. to get safely across the danger-stretch,
and hastened on down to their comrades. Four of the party returned to try
and reach the horse to see if he was killed, and to recover what they could
of the lost baggage and supplies. It was a climb for life, perilous at every
step. The horse was dead. They recovered a few things, and returned to
camp very sad and very tired. They stayed in camp all next day to rest ;
then the whole company went to Barley Flats, these being the first women
who had ever climbed to that long-famed mountain hunting ground. They
all returned home by way of Switzer's trail, the girls having walked the
entire round — about sixty miles in all.

Harvard Telescope Point, or " Sigyial /(?<a!/&."— Directly back from
Mount Harvard, and a little westward, at the summit of the range, there is
a slight elevation above the main ridge line, and here is where the Harvard
23-inch photographing telescope stood from May i, 1889, until late in 1890:
hence the name. The instrument was in constant use both night and day,
when there was no obscuring clouds, taking photographic views one foot
square, which, when properly placed' together, formed a complete and accu-
rate map of all planets, satellites, stars or nebulae visible from that point
during one entire year. And some objects in the star-world were there
brought to view and recorded which had never been seen by mortal eye
before. This work was conducted by Prof. — King. Up to January i,
1890, there had been taken 11 55 of these photographs. The same instru-

OBSERVATORY CASINO — 1894.

368 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ment is now, 1894, doing a similar work at Arequipa, Peru, at a station
8,050 feet above sea level — over 2,000 feet higher than Mount Wilson.
[See article "Wilson's Trail" for account of how the instrument was
trundled up to Mount Wilson.] This point was often spoken of as Wilson's
Peak ; but the highest part of Mount Wilson lies about a mile farther east,
toward a crag called Echo Rock, which looks down a tremendous precipice
into a branch of Santa Anita canyon. The telescope site was formerly
called "Signal Peak," as I find it described in the Pasadena Valley Unio7i
of May 21, 1886, which says:

"The high point or peak of mountain visible from Pasadena which
forms the summit at the head of the oid Wilson trail is known as ' Signal
Peak,' from its long use by parties who had climed that trail making a fire
there in the evening to signal their friends below that they had arrived safely
at the top."

The Mount Wilson Toll Road Company has converted the observatory
building into a series of guest rooms called " Observatory Casino, " which
forms an Annex to their Mount Wilson Camp resort for invalids and
tourists.

PrECipicio Peak. — From the summit of Mount Wilson, or Harvard
Point, there extends westward a long, narrow stretch of mountain crest>
including what is called "Knife-Blade Ridge," and terminating at Precipicio
Peak, from whose top the visitor looks down southwardly into a gulf of
steep, precipitous and terrifying depth called " Eaton Canyon," although its
official or recorded name is Precipicio Canyon, which was its old Spanish
name. On the north side he looks down a more gradual and wooded slope,
though quite as deep, into the west fork of the great San Gabriel canyon
and its historic river. And on the west side he looks down into a heavily
wooded deep valley or mountain gap which forms a sort of pass from Eaton
canyon through to West San Gabriel canyon, and is the great gulf ot
separation between the Mount Wilson and the Mount Eowe systems of
adjunct peaks, ridges, spurs, etc. The Precipicio peak and the sharp ridge
leading to it are plainly seen from Pasadena, and have a little historic asso-
ciation which I quote from a document of the time, October, 1891 :

"Dr. and Mrs. Reid clambered all day over craggy peaks, and along
spaces thickly strewn with sharp, angular fragments of rocks, and through
thorny chapparal, and through a small but grand pine grove, and for several
rods along the crest of a dividing ridge [the "Knife-Blade," as John Muir
called it] so narrow that they could stand erect and from either hand on op-
posite sides drop a stone that would plunge down 2,000 feet before it could
strike anything which might stop its downward course. Mrs. Reid [then over
65 years old] went nearly two miles farther on this difficult line than any
woman had ever gone before."

Since Echo Mountain and Mt. Lowe came into such pre-eminent fame,
men have crossed a few times between them and Mt. Wilson, following

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 369

this ridge to the Eaton gap, thence by way of Grand Basin to the Mt. lyowe
bridle road at Castle canyon summit.*

Muir's Peak. — This is the next peak west, and is the sunrise point
seen from Echo Mountain during June and July. This peak is the summit
of the great sloping ridge which lorms the east wall of Rubio canyon and
west wall of Pine canyon. The first white man ever known to have stood
on this peak was the famous John Mtiir, who, in August, 1875, climbed up
here from below Eaton canyon falls. [See article on "John Muir's Moun-
tain Climb in Pasadenaland, " Chapter 20.]

Echo Mountain, takes its name from a wonderful echo that booms
and rolls and reverberates from the mountain walls that form a sort of semi-
circle around and above it, westward, north, and eastward. Directly north-
west from Echo Mountain, and plainly visible from Pasadena, is a bold
facing of white rocks [feldspathic syenite] that extends up to the crest or
summit ridge, along which pine trees are seen ; this mountain facing or wall
of white rocks is semi-circular in form, and constitutes distinctively the
' ' Echo Ampitheater. ' '

Mount Vesuvius. — A detached spur of the front range a little north
and east from Echo Mountain, and perhaps 1,000 feet higher, has been
given this name, because for several months in 1893 fireworks were dis-
played from its summit every Saturday night at nine o'clock, and always
ending with a piece that represented in miniature a volcanic eruption of Mount
Vesuvius. These luminous displays were visible not only at Rubio Pa-
vilion and Echo Mountain, but also at Pasadena, lyos Angeles, Santa
Monica, Redondo, lyong Beach, etc.

Mount I^owe. — This is the boldest and most bulkish mountain
mass seen north of Pasadena, and lies, with its three-wave outline, like
some extinct monster of past ages basking lazily on the mountain top. It
is the highest one of the Pasadena mountains which can be seen from Pasa-
dena, and is commonly spoken of as 6,000 feet altitude ; but Wm. H.
Knight, president of the Science Association of Southern California, in-
forms me that according to reckonings of the U. S. Geodetic survey, its
highest point is 6,100 feet above sea level. It was called " Oak Mountain "
by hunters, and the early settlers of Pasadena ; but on September 24, 1892,
it was for good and sufficient reasons formally christened " Mount lyowe,"
and has since become world-famed under that name. Full particulars of
this christening will be found in the chapter on the Mount Lowe Electric
Railway. On October 11, 1887, Owen and Jason Brown, assisted by Calvin
Hartwell, erected a stone monument and flag pole on this summit, and left a

* As early as 1883-84 Byron O. Clark and H. C. Kellogg had crossed over, and then projected a wagon
road up the entire length of Millard and Grand Canyons, thence across to Wilson's Peak. It's " awfully
easy" to build mountain roads — on paper.

24

37© HISTORY OF PASADENA.

written record claiming it as Brown's Peak.* But afterward the Browns
claimed another peak west of Millard canyon for their name, and com-
menced building a bridle road up to it from Las Casitas.

Strawberry Peak [?] — The top of this can be seen like a little old
New England haystack peeping over the west shoulder slope of Mount
Lowe. It was named by some wags at Switzer's camp in 1886, from its
fancied resemblance to a strawberry standing with its blossom end up ; but
one of them said, " We called it Strawberry peak because there weren't any
strawberries on it." The joke took ; and that burlesque name has been
commonly used by the old settlers ; but the peak is waiting some worthy oc-
casion for a worthy name.f This lofty peak is really back in the third
range of Pasadena Mountain summits — and in front of it is seen a smaller
portion of a lower and smaller cone called

Black Jack Peak. — [It was also called "Little Strawberry peak."]
This is simply a spur from the foregoing, but has a distinct pinnacle of its
own, very steep, rugged, sharp, and difficult of ascent, and composed en-
tirely of a porphyritic rock called "black spar" by the miners. In 1887
Owen and Jason Brown climbed to the top of this flinty, hard, barren pin-
nacle, but I doubt if any other men have ever been venturously persistent
and hardy enough to do it. They called it "Black Jack," as a perfectly
natural and fitting name from the color and hardness of its rock substance ;
but this name had likewise very vivid historic associations to them, from
Black Jack in Kansas, where they with their father fought in June, 1856,
what was in fact the first actual battle in our great national struggle against
the lawless encroachments of the slave power. [The battle of Osawatomie
occurred August 30, 1856 — two months later.]

Mount Disappointment. — Next westward is a long stretch of moun-
tain crest or ridge, not a peak, which obtained its name in this way : The
United States surveyors were working their way eastward along the moun-
tain ranges ; and from San Fernando range they sighted this mountain as
their next highest point on which to establish the government record — but
on coming here and testing its altitude they were ' ' disappointed ' ' to find
that San Gabriel peak, a few miles farther east, was still higher. Accord-
ingly they named it "Mount Disappointment, " and went along to the
higher peak to build their monument and deposit their official records. July
4, 1889, Mr. Herve Friend, the photogravure artist of Los Angeles, took
views from the summit of Mount Disappointment, the first ever taken there,

San Gabriel Peak. — Called also "The Commodore;" and in the
Mount Lowe literature called ' ' Observatory Peak. ' ' Only the tip of it can
be seen, as a small ridge extending eastwardly from a point low down on the

* In July, 1883, I saw this nionunient or cairn standing there yet ; but the written paper had long
before been destroyed by wetness or insects ; and the flag-pole had gone to make some hunter's camp-
fire.

tProf. Lowe informs me that he has government authority to give names to any peaks within the
itinerary of his great mountain railroad resort.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 37 1

east slope of the Mount L,owe tri-crest. Of course as seen from Pasadena
it looks lower than Mount Lowe, and seems a part of the same, although
being several miles farther north. But when there happens to be snow on
its summit and not on the front range, then it shows its separateness very
distinctly. The United States surveyors ignored the old Spanish name of
" Sierra Madre " for these mountains, and called them San Gabriel moun-
tains, because they are so extensively ramified with canyons and creeks
tributary to the San Gabriel river ; and this peak being the highest of all —
6,723 feet — they put it on record as " San Gabriel peak," the chief of the
range ; hence this is its name as given upon all official maps or documents.
The name " Commodore " was given to it by some wags at Switzer's camp,
'which was a favorite resort far up in the Arroyo Seco canyon some eight or
ten years ago,' in facetious honor of Mr. C. P. Switzer who had built the
famous trail and tourist-resort camp which bore his name. They humor-
ously dubbed him "Commodore " of the fleet of burros which navigated
the intra-montane Arroyo Seco by way of Switzer's trail — and then dubbed
this highest peak " The Commodore," after him ; and that burlesque name
was quite commonly used for it. Big and little Strawberry peak. Walker's
peak, Lucky camp, and various other points were named in this same spirit ot
fun and waggery, and given currency through newspaper reports. The name
" Observatory Peak " was applied to it by Prof. lyowe, as being the grandest
" observation " point in all these mountains. And the Mount Lowe Rail-
way company promises in due time to make this peak accessible to their
guests, and provide it with instruments for observing the wonderful scope of
mundane things — of mountains, plains, deserts, valleys, cities, beaches,
harbors, coast line, ocean expanse, dotting islands, etc., which can be seen
from its lofty summit.

The first and only woman who had ever achieved the ascent of San
Gabriel peak, up to January i, 1895, was Mrs. Herve Friend of Los Angeles,
whose husband, a prominent photogravure artist, made the first photo-
graphic views ever taken on this loftiest point of our Pasadena mountains.
This occurred on August 26, 1893. The party had to camp over night
on the wooded ridge which connects Mount Markham and San Gabriel
peak, in order to be able to make the ascent and then return to Echo moun-
tain the same day. There was no path, trail or waymark beyond Rattle-
snake spring;* and as they had to carry their lunch and water supply, besides
a heavy 8x10 photogravure camera, with its adjustable and stout tripod
stand and a stock of exposure plates, and find their own way just as if no

* August 4th, 1893, Jason Brown went afoot from Kcho mountain to Black Jack peak, to find for
me the date wlien he and Owen climbed to its summit and gave it the name. He thought he could get
back as far as Crystal Springs cabin the same night, but found it impossible to do so, and had to lie out all
night, without food, blankets or shelter, on the northwest slope of San Gabriel peak. Early in the morn-
ing he made his way to where he knew of a trickle of water from a crack in the .solid rock. A large
rattlesnake lay coiled right at the spring. He killed it, and I now have the rattles in mj' collection. And
thus came the name. "Rattlesnake spring." Our party obtained water there when making this ascent,
August 26. That snake had eleven rattles.

372 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

human foot had ever been there before, it was an arduous cHmb — requiring
over three hours of steady hard work to reach the summit. The party con-
sisted of Herve Friend and wife, Dr. H. A. Reid, Jason Brown, and a young
man named Mahlon. They found the monument or cairn built by the men
of the U. S. Geodetic survey ; also the tin canister or safe for containing
their official records, but the most important of these were missing — had
been stolen away. When all had fairly reached the top, and were full of the
sublimity and wonder of it, Jason Brown suddenly spoke: "Now I'm
going to kiss the first woman who ever stood on the highest point of the
San Gabriel mountains." And with that the grizzled old man put his bare
bronzed arm around Mrs. Friend and kissed her, as gracefully as a French
dancing master. She was taken by surprise, and stood in a sort of dazed
amazement, blushing all over, but offered no resistance or resentment. A
brisk cold shower of rain came on while the party were eating their lunch ;
and being wholly unprepared for such a phenomenon in Pasadenaland in the
month of August, they could only tip their heads to the wind and take the
cold wetting as it came. But fortunately it soon passed over. The descent
to camp where their burros had been left occupied two hours of careful,
cautious and sometimes perilous clamber work.*

Mount Markham. — This is a peak somewhat higher than Mount
lyowe but not visible from Pasadena. It is connected with the main body of
Mount lyOwe by a narrow neck or ridge perhaps a hundred rods long, and
also with San Gabriel peak by a similar but much shorter ridge — and these
ridges are the divide whose east-slope waters flow into Eaton canyon and
thence to the San Gabriel river, while their west-slope waters flow into the
Arroyo Seco and thence to the lyos Angeles river. It was named in honor
of H. H. Markham, who first as congressman and then as governor, had
won the highest public distinction of any Pasadenian.

Square-Top [also called Table mountain] is a lesser peak between San
Gabriel and Strawberry peaks ; and takes its name from the striking and
peculiar flatness of its summit. It also is not visible from Pasadena.

GiDDiNGS Peak. — ^June i8, 1886, the Valley Union said : " Mr. E. W.
Giddings [he was assisted by Calvin Hartwell. — Ed.] has planted an im-
mense white flag on a mountain summit next east of Millard canyon which
is hereafter to be known as Giddings Peak, in honor of the famous old anti-
slavery statesman of Ohio." The point referred to does not show as a
distinct peak from Pasadena, but is the westernmost mouticle of the Echo
wall-crest that forms the northwesterly white-rock wall of Echo ampitheater.

*After this chapter was all ready for the press, I learned that a statement was published in the
Weekly Star of August 5, 18<tl, sipned by C. P. Switzer, to the effect that Mrs. J. D. Hooker of Los Angeles,
and her sister Miss Bessie Putnam of San P'raucisco, made the climb from " Lucky camp," to the summit
of Commodore [San Gabriel] peak on July 21, 1H91, with Will H. Hibbie as guide ; and that no woman
had ever ascended that peak before. He also said that Mrs. Hooker had five years previously made the
climb from his camp to the top of Mount Disappointment, being the first woman who ever set foot on its
lofty crest. This was before any burro trail had been made there.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES.

373

It is marked " Grizzly Point " on the map of these mountains published by
the Mount lyowe Railway Co. in 1893, the author of which probably did
not know that this point had ever been named before. But the Giddings
family had made a burro trail up to it from Millard canyon six years before
the mountain railroad company's advent. However, they had not kept it
open ; it was much overgrown, had lapsed into fragmentary hunting trails,
and their claiming and naming of it remained only as a reminiscent scrap
of history. As seen from the Giddings farm it looks like a distinct moun-
tain peak.

Brown's Peak. — In front of Mount Disappointment as we look from

Pasadena there is a stretch of front
range summit ridge, with four or five
slightly elevated knobs, and one of
these (perhaps the middle one) was
called Brown's peak. The Valley
Union of Deceijiber 4, 1881, said:
"Owen Brown, son of 'Old John,'
arrived here Monday, November 30,
from Put-in-Bay, Ohio, to join his
brother Jason, and sister (Mrs. Ruth
B. Thompson), already here. He is a
man nearly 60 3'ears of age." Again,
June 18, 1886, the same paper said :

"Owen Brown, residing with his

brother Jason on the Mountain Home

tract, has made claim and mounted

his flag on a mountain summit above

Prieta canj^on (the same that has been

called "Negro canyon"). Owen

Brown is the only man now living who

was with John Brown, his father, at

"Land of Sunshine," April, 1895. Harpcr's Fcrry, and his mountain

OWEN BROWN'S GRAVE. summit will be known as the "John

[See page 322.] Browu Peak." He is building a

horseback trail to carry visitors to the mountain top, and many persons

will go there from historic S5mpathy or curiosit3^ Jason Brown has eighty

acres of mesa land and also a timber claim in same vicinity."

And still again, January 29, 1887, the Union reported that Brown's trail
was completed about half way up. But this ended it. They had no funds,
were obliged to earn their daily bread, and never built their trail any farther.
Owen died January 8, 1889, and lies buried on top of a foot-hill spur above
I^as Ca.sitas. Jason was employed a year or two on Echo Mountain, but
finally in March, 1894, he went back to his old home at Akron, Ohio.

The other mountain summits seen still farther westward in the same

;^74 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

range are beyond the Arroyo Seco; and hence, not being within the borders
of Pasadenaland, are not matters for record in this vokime.

Hodge's Peak. — Looking across the Arroyo to the great hills back of
lyinda Vista, the most conspicuous one northward is on a 45-acre tract which
Dr. J. S. Hodge purchased from J. D. Yocum in 1888, and built a wagon
road twelve feet wide to its summit. This site is 1,800 feet above sea level ;
there is a well on it ten feet deep which yields water not less than two feet
in depth even in the dryest time of the year ; the view from here has free
scope east and west, and from mountain to sea — a landscape of more sur-
passing extent and grandeur than from any other point accessible by car-
riage road.

Linda Vista Peak. — This is the next highest point south and a little
west from Hodge's peak, and back of Linda Vista. There is a bridle road
to its summit ; and it was in the east slope of this sub-mountain that some
gold mining was done by J. W. Wilson and son in 1887.

Jumbo Knob. — This is the great, bold terminal knob of the Linda
Vista crescent of hills, which juts out toward the Arroyo Seco, opposite
reservoir hill on Orange Grove Avenue. It was so named in 1884, from a
fancied resemblance to the head of Barnum's famous and historic but ill-
fated monster elephant, Jumbo — the protruded ridge in front representing
his trunk reaching down for water.

Buzzard Cliff. — This was a jutting spur or crag of the San Rafael
hills, and the Scoville road now winds across its terminal point. In the early
days this was a notable roosting and nesting place for turkey buzzards ; and
I remember of once, in 1884, counting twenty-seven of these scavenger
birds circling around and over it at one time.

CANYONS, WATERFALLS, ETC.

The Glacial Terrace Canyons. — From Raymond Hill eastward to
San Marino there is a line of bluffs, perfectly corrugated with small canyons
which are perennial water courses, and all of them have historic association
with the days and doings of the San Gabriel Mission regime. For reasons
fully set forth in the chapters on Geology, Hydrology, and Prehistoric Man
in Pasadena, I designate this line of bluffs (and also westward to Columbia
Hill) as the "Glacial Terrace." The Garfias spring, Ed Baker's spring,
and others on the Arroyo Seco, are parts of the same general system of glacial
terrace leak-spots ; but those from Raymond to San Marino form a distinct-
ive and characteristic group.

Raymond Canyon. — The Raymond brook from the springs near Ray-
mond station on the Santa Fe railroad flows down this canyon, and finally
makes a great, troublesome outwash on the line between the Raymond Im-
provement Co. 's land and the Gov. Stoneman place. During the Spanish
or Mexican occupancy, this stream and outwash were known as the "Ar-

DIVISION five; — NAMES. 375

royo San Pasqual." The Pasadena, Ramona and lyos Angeles railroad
(now the Southern Pacific) partly cuts the course of this Raymond canyon.

lyOS RoBLES Canyon. — At the toot of I^os Robles Avenue, where it
ends blunt against the I^os Robles ranch fence [Stoneman's], which is the
south line of Pasadena city, there is a body of springy land which gives rise
to the east branch of the stream that forms this canyon — its first spring
being on the south side of WalHs street. Then a few rods westward there
is another spring brook, which is the outlet of another body of boggy or
marsh land that extends northward to and above the junction of Euclid
Avenue and Maine street, and thence diagonally across lyOS Robles Avenue
northeastward nearly to California street. These two brooks come together
and form lyOS Robles creek and canyon near the upper line of J. E. Jardine's
picturesque and beautiful five-acre home place on its west bank. Below this
place it turns eastward and joins

Oak Knoll Canyon. — This takes its rise in some water-bearing land
on the west side of Oak Knoll tract on line with the foot of Moline [El
Molino] Avenue. Here the O. K. company has sunk wells, water trenches,
and tunnels to provide pipe water for their subdivision ; but the original
streamway or canyon extends down between Oak Knoll and Allendale to
the head of Willowdale creek, where it is joined by Los Robles creek.*
And it was near this point that the Mission Fathers started their ancient
ditch which led these waters along on the side of the bluff down to their
stone flouring mill. This stream has been called " Mill Spring creek," be-
cause of the padres' use of it; also "Willowdale creek," from the name
"Willowdale" given to his place by Capt. J. Elwood Ellis, .who resided
here during the early years of the Pasadena colony settlement ; also
" Hutchinson's creek," from a Mr. Hutchinson, who commenced in 1858-59
to raise strawberries, vegetables, etc., on its banks; also "Richardson's
creek," from Solomon Richardson, who became a partner with Hutchinson
in 1868, and resides there yet. Of course the first name has the historic
preference.

Mill Canyon. — This canyon rises at the foot of Lake Avenue, and
debouches at the historic " Old Mill " built by Father Zalvidea of the San
Gabriel Mission about 18 10 to 181 2, and the mill was run by water from
this and Los Robles canyon. In 1892 Mr. Shorb bored an artesian
well in this canyon, 259 feet deep, and made a geological sample case show-
ing depth and kinds of formations successively passed through — the only
instance I have found of this being done. The Alhambra Water Company
has some tunnels in the upper part of this canyon from which water is piped
down to their main reservoir. And from this canyon E. L. Mayberry has

*"Capt T E. Ellis owned au eighteen-acre place called" Willowdale," lying south of Bayard T.
Smith's "Oak Knoll "ranch, west of Col. Mayberry's, and nortV? Gov. Stoueman si his tract has
much spring land upon it, and was bought last week by S Richardson for l'«.50°-.Mn Richardson
owns fitly acres just below it, and wanted to secure the bountiful water supply which it attords. —Pasa-

dena Union, June 11, iS

376 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

water pumped by a hj'draulic ram up into an elevated cistern at his sightly
dwelling on the bluff above the Mill.

Our native Mexican people have traditions of hidden treasure in this
and others of the canyons along this range of bluffs. The old-time Mexi-
cans of wealth repudiated paper money, and hoarded great chests of silver
and gold coin. In 1844 45 occurred the rebellion of lyos Angeles against
Gov. Micheltorena, when he was driven back to Mexico; and in 1846-47
occurred the war between Mexico and the United States. During these
troublous and lawless times the wealthy Mexicans often buried their coin in
secret places known only to one or two living souls, with some particular
rock, or spring, or tree as a mnemonic landmark by which to find the place
again. Sometimes these persons were killed, or driven away, or forgot the
exact hiding place — and thus the field was opened wide for all sorts of
fabulous stories of hidden treasure. Numerous holes have been dug by
Mexicans on the Stoneman place in search of buried money-pots, kegs or
chests. And similar search has been made in some of these historic can-
yons ; but I find no reliable account of any such hidden wealth having ever
been dug up in this region.

Mill canyon is easily reached by carriage road, and is a very interesting
place to visit, because it furnishes a fine stream, and has been more exten-
sively developed than any other one of the series of Glacial Terrace springs
and brooks. A small unnamed canyon and brook joins it from the north-
west near its upper end.

Wilson's Canyon. — This is one of the largest of the canyons that
form an outlet in the lower lip of the great geological basin over which
Pasadena is built. When the Pasadena settlement was commenced Mr.
Wilson made a private roadway from his L,ake Vineyard ranch house,*
winding up through the perennial oaks and pasture lands of this charming
brookside to the colony lands north of San Pasqual street and west of Wil-
son Avenue ; and for manj^ years this Wilson canyon road was the short cut
and romantic route for a carriage drive from Pasadena to San Gabriel, al-
though four gates had to be opened and shut within a mile, on account of
fenced-in pasture lands and orchards on the ranch. Early in 1884 I made
this trip in forty minutes with ex-Gov. Merrill and Hon. Delos Arnold of
Iowa, who wished to catch an east-bound train at San Gabriel. This can-
yon or picturesque little valley abounded in far-spreading live oak trees, in
many of which the curious tree rats of California had their arborial nests or
colonies ; and the place was a favorite pic-nic resort for the people of Los
Angeles as well as of Pasadena. The head of Wilson's lake is perhaps a
quarter mile west from the mouth of this canyon, and its brook originally
ran into the lake. For two years past the Biology department of Throop

* " The Wilson homestead is a large, roomy house, of brick and adobe, costing in 1854 nbout $20 000,
nearly half of which, according to Miss Adams, was spent on the roof. Beneath the house is a large
wine cellar."— [Prof. Holder's " All About Pasadena," p. 63.]

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES.

377

Polytechnic Institute has obtained its weekly supply of fresh frogs for dis-
section and microscopic study from this canyon, because it was freer from
dense vegetation than the others, and thus frogs could be more easily seen
and caught here. It is enclosed as pasture land. The canyon commences
near the foot of Wilson Avenue.

Mission Canyon (also called "Wild Grape canyon"). — It rises as far
north as California street east of Bandini Avenue, on the Bayard Smith
tract, and is the longest and largest of the Glacial Terrace series of canyons.
It has been specially noted for the abundance and fine quality of its wild
grapes, from the days of the padres down to the present time. The old
distilling works connected with B. D. Wilson's original winery stood on the
west bluff at the mouth of this canyon.

TULE LAKE, IN SAN MARINO CANYON.

Barley hay on the slope amongst Ih-e oak trees. This is one of the historic canyons which supplied water

by a ditch to the San Gabriel Mission and village, from about the year IHUO.

San Marino Canyon.— This is a shorter but more rugged gorge or
gap down through the bluff a few rods east from Mission canyon, and has
a large tule lagoon or private duck pond, besides one or two dams and reser-
voirs lower down, and belongs to the San Marino ranch. On the high bluff

378

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

which forms the east abutment of this canyon stands " San Marino," Hon.
J. De Barth Sh orb's elegant and sightly home place ; and Shorb Avenue
leads from San Pasqual street into the head of this picturesque canyon, and
past the lagoon, then turns southeasterly up the ridge to Mr. Shorb's house.
Wilson's, Mission, and San Marino canyons used to be all lumped together
as " Mission canyon," by the old Mission populace.

This completes the list of those outlets of the Pasadena geological
basin which have received special names as water-bearing canyons, so far as
I have been able to learn. And I now pass north to the mountains for
larger specimens of the canyon species, and commence at the great Katon
canyon, taking the rest in their successive order from this point westward.

Eaton Canyon. — Officially recorded as " Precipicio canyon," its old
Spanish name ; but as the Spaniards never did anything to invest it with a
living human interest by developing or improving it in any way, their name
for it would not "stick " in the popular mind, and it persists in being
known only as Eaton canyon, because Judge Eaton first developed and
utilized its waters. [See page 120.] In 1865 Judge Eaton, having lost his
dairy stock by the terrible drouth of 1864 5, engaged to bring out the
waters of the big canyon onto the " Fair Oaks " farm, clear the land and
plant it with trees, vines, etc. This he did; and he so stamped his strong
personality upon the great gorge audits water supply that it is called " Eaton
Canyon " to this day, in spite of a different name in the corporate title of its
present water company. The starting station of the Mount Wilson Toll
Road is at the mouth of this canyon, and up to this point vehicles can go.

EATON CANYON FALLS— 40 FEET HIGH.

i

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 379

but no farther;* then about a mile farther up the water course, which can
be followed by footpath through the narrow cleft between mountainous per-
pendicular walls of rock, Eaton Falls is reached — a beautiful cascade
about forty feet high. Waters from the north and east side of Muir's peak,
from the east side of Mount I,owe, Mount Markham and San Gabriel
peak, from the south side of Precipicio peak and Knife-Blade ridge,
from the west side of Mount Wilson and Mount Harvard promontory,
and from Henniger's flat, all flow into Eaton Canyon. These several peaks
and ridges form the great mountain horseshoe rim of what is called in a
large, comprehensive way "Grand Basin" in the vast body of hterature
that has grown up around the wonderful Mount Eowe Electric Railway
enterprise. Grand Basin includes the entire watershed of which Eaton
canyon is the outlet.

Pine Canyon. — Next westward is a smaller gap in the mountain decliv-
ity, which is characterized by having more pine trees growing in it, and at
lower altitude, than any other opening on the south side of Pa.sadena mount-
ains, thus writing its own name so plainly on its breast that no man has
ever attempted to write a substitute. This canyon came into celebrity in
1893-4 from gold'^ mining operations carried on there by Carson & Dickey
in its west wall. [See chapter on geology.]

Dry Canyon.— This is a smaller break in the lower part of the great
mountainous ridge between Pine and Rubio canyons. At its outflow is a
tunnel 3,000 feet long, which was made in search of water in 1884-5 6, and
was reported at the time as the longest water tunnel in I^os Angeles county.
The Uiiion of June 4, 1886, said of it. " It costs a mint of money and a
vast deal of pluck to make such a colossal experiment." True ; and sad to
say, it was an entire failure at last— a dry tunnel, waterless and worthless ;
yet the persistence in pushing it to a finish was truly heroic, and no man
could have told in advance that little or no water would be found. It was
made by David Dolben for I. M. Hill, S. Iv. Porter and Dr. George M.
Bergen, owners of land there. A few inches of water flow in the upper
section, but all sinks away long before reaching the mouth of the tunnel.

Rubio Canyon.— In 1867 Jesus Rubio, a native Californian, born in
1826, and who had become an American citizen by the treaty of peace in
1847 between Mexico and the United States, made a squatter's claim at the
mouth of this canyon, built the little farm house which still stands there,
and made a start toward the improvements that now constitute "Rubio
farm." The Americans called him Rubio, or "Old Man Rubio" — and his
water source was called Rubio' s canyon. [His name as given in the Great
Register is Jesus Marron, his father's name ; but Rubio was his mother's old
historic family name. See third footnote, page 87.] He now resides at

*The Toll Road Company promises in 1895 to make a wagon road as far up as Henniger's Flat.

38o

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Duarte — 1895. I" 1877 Rubio sold his claim to one Dr. Hall, who made
it his home and died there in 1879, In 1881 Mrs. Hall, the widow, sold her
little farm and water rights to F. J. Woodbury, who in Dec, 1883, joined his
brother John in buying the land where Altadena now stands and tunneling
and piping water from this canyon down through it, for irrigation and
domestic purposes. After sundry changes and additional water develop-
ments, this canyon property was in 1891 acquired by the present Mount
I,owe Railway Company, who have further cleared and improved the farm,
utilized the water, built the electric railroad into the canyon, built Rubio

::i*.SS*i-^

tvjuwir?'

" Land of Su
MOSS GROTTO FALLS, IN RUBIO GLEN.

PaviHon,* made nine waterfalls beyond this accessible by footways, built

*One day in 1893 a company of nuns visited Rubio pavilion, and among the many pictures there they
were shown one of Father Gonzalez Rubio of the San Jose Mission, from 1833 to 1840, and they were
delighted in at once associating his name with this wonderful place. But he was never here.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 38 1

the great cable incline, etc., etc. The nine waterfalls referred to, above the
pavilion, are as follows :

Maidenhair Falls, 17 feet high — named from the abundance of maiden-
hair ferns growing on its rocks.

Cavity Chute Falls, 9 feet high.

Bay Arbor Falls, 12 feet high. Named from a clump of bay trees near
by, and through or under which the footway passes.

Ribbon Rock Falls, 36 feet high.

Moss Grotto Falls, 33^ feet high.

Grand Chasm Falls, a double-leaper of 33 and 15 feet, making the entire
falls 48 feet high. This is at the outlet of a towering, narrow gorge called
Grand Chasm ; and at the crest of these falls there is a stone dam which
forms a reservoir called "Mirror lake," from which water is piped down to
the pavilion to run electric dynamos, printing presses, and for general uses.
Heavy plank stairways lead up across the face of the falls, and a bridge
leads over the lake up through the Grand Chasm.

Lodged Boulder Falls, 12 feet high. Prof. Lowe stood on the "lodged
boulder ' ' from which this fall is named and made a speech to a large group
of Pasadena visitors, gathered on the canyon stairway, July i, 1893. This
historic scene was photographed and has been widely published.

Roaring Rift Falls, 23 feet high — the noisiest one of the whole series.

Thalehaha Falls, 112 feet high. The name i-s an Arizona Indian word,
meaning "white water," and was given to it by Prof. G. Wharton James,
editor of the Mount Loive Echo.

[These measurements I made myself during the summer of 1893, while
studying the geology of the Mount L,owe system of mountain peaks, can-
yons, etc. — Ed.]

Rubio canyon extends on up to the summit of the range, with Muir's
peak looming up still higher and forming the east wall of this canyon's
starting point. It is not accessible above Thalehaha falls except by winding
footways down from Echo mountain ;* and in this upper section are numerous
picturesque falls and lovely dells, the chief of which are Rainbow dell and
Eeontine falls. Of the historic naming of this great fall I quote from the
Mowit Lowe Echo of March 29, 1894, the following account :

LEONTINE FALLS.

In a public address delivered in Rubio Music Hall by Dr. H. A. Reid,
August 12, 1893, on "Field Geology of our Pasadena Mountains," the
following notable passage occurred :

*The Mount Lowe literature now designates as "Glen canyon" that portion of Rubio canyon extend-
ing from above Thalehaha falls to foot of I.eontine falls. The first woman who ever climbed into the
fearful, rock-ribbed gorge at the crest of Thalehaha falls was Mrs. Prof. McClatchie of Pasadena. June 30,
1893, with her husband on a botanical excursion. Then on August 16 Mrs. Dr. Keid passed up the water-
course from this point to foot of Leontine falls, clambering over or around seven different falls in the
perilous and seemingly foolhardy venture, which no mortal woman had ever attempted before. But on
August 21 Mrs. Herve Friend of Los Angeles did the same thing.

382 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

"Then comes the great fall, 105 feet high in a single plunge, as seen
from below, besides about 100 feet more above but flowing in a somewhat
tortuous course and hence hidden from view by rock walls and growing
shrubs. The portion seen from below is elegantly festooned with mosses of
richest green ; and at its foot there is a semicone of spray upon which a
rainbow rests when the sun shines slantwise into it. Mrs. Reid and myself
saw this rainbow, vivid and bright, from 4 o'clock until 5:30 p.m. on July 29.
This is really the grandest and finest all-the-year-round waterfall in all this
range of mountains, and the only one known to produce a rainbow. And I
have named it ' Leontine Falls, ' in honor of Mrs. Prof. Lowe, who has
earnestly sympathized with and sustained her husband in his most arduous
and complex task of projecting, planning, superintending, pushing ahead,
and paying for, the wonderful utilization and mastery of nature's resources
which we here behold,- — the grandest enterprise which has been undertaken
in Southern California since the transcontinental railroads were built.
' lycontine ' is Mrs. Lowe's christened name ; and by the same token I hereby
christen this perennial queen of the mountain falls, and give you its
Natalia or birthday legend :

The Legend of Leontine Falls.

Saint Peter was holding a banquet

In honor of souls who had poured
Their lives out for human uplifting,

And found their lives richly restored.

Bright angels in radiant garments

Served forth the memorial feast
With plates of seraphic devising,

And pitchers like stars in the East.

The viands were those of the Spirit —

The exquisite essence of Truth,
Of Love and all Heavenly virtues

For nurturing immortal youth.

The-d^iflk was empyreal nectar

Of rivers from life-source that flow ;
God's bounty for beings celestial —

His bounty for creatures below.

One angel by chance broke her pitcher.
And its clear crystal sheen poured down

O'er the Falls of Rubio Canj'on —
The " Leontine Falls " of renown.

The angel's quick tears for her pitcher,

Falling down the aerial sphere,
Were sprent into beams iridescent

Tliat form yet a bright rainbow here.

The first photographic view ever taken of this waterfall was by W. H.
Hill of Pasadena, November 10, 1891. And the first woman who ever
achieved the climb into its mountain-hidden dell was Dr. Rachel F. Reid,
July 25, 1893. Still above lycontine Falls the water company has two tun-
nels. This canyon follows rapidly down from the summit to the foot of the
front range in a line almost due south.

Echo Canyon is a large branch of Rubio, coming in from the west,

LEONTINE FALLS.

Photo by W. H. Hill of Pasadena, November lo, 1S91, assisted by Thaddeus L"w^^ j>.
The first picture ever taken of it.

'■•^-- '•- -"V

/i^.

H'

CASTLE CANYON.

Jason Brown and Dr. Reid making the ascent, August zS, 1893. Castle Rock, from which the Canyon
takes its name., is seen in the midway distance. Photo and engraving by Herve Friend, Los Angeles.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 383

which segregates Echo Mountain from the main range, and used to be
called West Rubio canyon and creek. It is named from a sharp echo which
repeats itself in thunderous, rolling, reverberating cadences that gradually die
away in the canyon's summit walls, when a gun is fired or a strong bugle blast
is given on Echo Mountain. It has its heading in the great semicircle of sum-
mit-reaching white rocks called Echo Amphitheater, at the bottom focus of
which there is a tunnel and water supply called " Sycamore Springs," from
which water is piped for all uses to Echo Mountain House ; and the surplus
is thence piped down 1,400 feet to Rubio Pavilion, where it is utilized on a
water motor to run electric dynamos for operating the cable incline cars,
electric lighting the Echo Mountain hotel, and other uses.

Castle Canyon. — This is a large branch of Echo canyon, coming
down from the summit in a line nearly due south, and has some springs or
water tunnels in its course. On its east wall is a conspicuous body of rocks
which in perspective very strikingly resemble the ruins of some old Irish
castle, with its round and square towers, etc. ; and from this the canyon takes
its name.

lyAS Flores Canyon. — Of this name Judge Eaton writes: " The high
point of land running up toward ' Flower Canyon ' was always known among
the natives as the Mesa de las Flores — the bench or table of flowers — because
its surface during the spring season is completely covered with poppies and
may be seen far out on the Pacific ocean."

In 1885, when the project of making a burro trail to the top of the
mountains by way of I^as Flores canyon was being talked up, a writer in
the Valley Union of October 16, 1885, said:

" Senator Arnold of Marshalltown, Iowa, told me that once when he
was going by steamer from San Diego to San Francisco he noticed this
tongue of land above all the rest along the mountain base and asked the
captain of the vessel what point it was. He said it was Eas Flores canyon
(known also as Forsyth canyon), and was a land mark by which they could
determine their relative position on the coast line, even when they were 80
miles out at sea. This was a most interesting piece of information to the
Senator, and he told the captain about his intimate friends. Col. Banbury
and the Woodburys," residing on that very slope of land. It was called Las
Flores, or ' The Flowers, ' because of the wonderful profusion of wild poppies
which in their season tinged that whole canyon slope of a noticeable reddish
color, even at so great a distance."

Gold mining operations were commenced in this canyon during the
winter of 1892-3 by Wm. Twaddell and associates. [For particulars of
which see chapter on Geology.] Echo Mountain forms the east wall of the
canyon; and the upper section of the Mount Eowe Electric Railway cross
the upper portion of it and then passes around and up along the walls of
Millard and Grand canyon.

Elms's Canyon. — This is a small canyon in the face of the footmount-

384 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ains next west of Las Flores, and takes its name from Henry Elms, who
opened and improved the land at its mouth in 1883, and resides there yet,

1895-

Chiquito Canyon, west from Elms's place. — Chiquito is Spanish for
"smaller," and it was named by Mr. Elms, In April, 1895, a company
consisting of P. W. Eloyd, Charles Copelin and J. T. Rood of Pasadena,
and a Dr. Crandall of Eos Angeles, were digging for water on a large scale
in this canyon.

Eeighton's Canyon. — West by south of Chiquito canyon is the farm
of S. E. Leighton, whose house stands on the canyon ridge, up the crest of
which runs his road over the footmountains into Millard canyon. His ridge
road was worked and used by the North Pasadena Water Co. in 1892, while
piping water out from some mountain springs above Millard Falls.

Millard Canyon. — This was called by the Spanish-speaking native
Mexicans Canyo7i el Blanco — white canyon — because of the whiteness of the
rocks in some portions of its mountain walls. This is especially noticeable
in its upper portion, now called Grand canyon. In 1862, a man named
Millard settled as a squatter at the mouth of this canyon, utilized its waters,
and engaged in raising bees and hauling wood down to Eos Angeles. Mil-
lard lived here ten years, or until 1872, during which time his wife and one
child died and were buried on what is now the Giddings farm ; and he
finally moved away to the Downey settlement in order to get where his
children could attend school — but the canyon still retains his name. In
1874, Millard's abandoned claim was taken by Edwin Baker; he made some
further improvements, and in 1877 sold his rights and holdings there to the
Giddings family, who still occupy it, having bought adjoining lands and
piped water out onto them. Millard Falls is a fine cascade, 58 feet high,
and was for some years a favorite picnic resort, the Giddings people having
made a wagon road up to it, on which they charged a snrall tollage fee to help
keep it in repair. These Giddingses were cousins of Joshua R. Giddings,
the famous anti-slavery member of Congress for seventeen years from north-
eastern Ohio (Ashtabula county), who was a giant of pluck and moral power
in his day. In his book entitled "All about Pasadena," Prof. C. F.
Holder says:

" The writer was once detained for two days by the Millard canyon
stream, that in midsummer almost disappears. A cloud-burst in the mount-
ain filled it to overflowing, and the noise of the boulders, literally bowled
from the upper range, was deafening and a continuous reverberating roar.
Such occurrences are rare."

Punch Bowl Canyon. — Half a mile or so above Millard Falls there
opens into Millard canyon from the northeast a beautiful gap in which
there are some fine falls, and two interesting potholes, which Eugene Gid-
dings and Calvin Hartwell had dubbed "devil's saucer" and "devil's

Millard Canon Fall, Sierra Madre Mountains, near Los Angeles.

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DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 385

punchbowl." I failed to discover anything satanic about the place, or its
great granite tureens of pure mountain water, and concluded to dehoof and
dehorn it, and introduce it into good society without any "devilish" primo-
geniture attachment. The Punchbowl Falls are 70 feet high ; and the
bowl or "pothole " was so deep, smooth and steep- walled that I could not
get down to measure it. The Saucer Falls, lower down, are 25 feet high ;
and the saucer measured 2 feet, 10 inches depth of water. Above this fall
is a chute of 15 feet, and below it one of about 18 feet. These falls are
about three-quarters of a mile up from the main Millard canyon, or Grand
canyon as it is called above this point.

Grand Canyon. — This comprises that portion of the great mountain
gorge from above Millard Falls up to Crystal Springs, and the Alpine Club
house station on the Mount lyowe Electric railroad. It is the portion which
bore the old Spanish name of "Canyon el Blanco," from the white rocks
that form its north wall. About half a mile below the club house is Grand
Canyon Falls, 92 feet high, deeply recessed by erosional wear in the
great ledge of reddish syenite rock.

Alpine Falls. — A few rods west, below the Grand Canyon Falls,
a narrow, deep-gorged branch canyon enters from the north with a very
high fall, which I did not succeed in measuring, but thought it must be
at least 130 feet high in its front line of single leap ; and I have not
been able to learn of anybody ever attempting to measure either of these
falls, or write any account of them, before. They are now (August, 1895)
very difficult of access ; but the Alpine Club will make a footpath to reach
them, both above and below, from their club house. When I first visited
these falls in July, 1893, there was a little water passing over; in August,
September and October thej' are usually dry precipices, but during the
rainy season they are grand mountain cataracts.

Chapman's Glen, where the famous Yankee "pirate prisoner" got out
pine timbers for the old church at the plaza in Los Angeles. [See pages 43 to
52.] Hon. Stephen C. Foster told me that he once went with some Spanish
hunters up through La Canyada ; and Tejunga canyon was pointed out as
the place where timbers were cut for "building the old church." This
was true, but they were for the old church at San Fernando Mission — not
at Los Angeles. [See footnote, pages 46-47.] May 27, 1895, I stayed over
night at E. W. Giddings's house, then the next day walked up the water-
course of Millard canyon from its mouth clear to Crystal Springs, in order
to satisfy myself whether it was a preposterous supposition that Chapman
had brought timbers down that way. And I had spent the whole day twice
before on the same errand, December i and December 26, 1894. Then,
again, August 25, 1895, Mrs. Reid made the hard and dangerous climb with
me from Crystal Springs down around the Grand Canyon Falls, into the

25

386 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Glen, and saw the decayed old stumps and logs which still remain as relics
of Joe Chapman's prisonership there, one of the stumps measuring 3 feet
and 8 inches in diameter. She was the first woman who ever trod that wild
historic spot, or viewed those lofty Grand Canyon and Alpine Falls.

GiDDiNGS Trail Canyon. — This is the first branch or tributary of
Millard canyon ; and the Giddings trail follows up its southeast wall to the
summit ridge, which was in 1886 flagged, staked, and claimed for name as
" Giddings Peak." [See article " Giddings Trail."] This canyon starts at
' ' Grizzly Point ' ' of the Mount L^owe literature and drops rapidly down
southwesterly into Millard canyon. The upper trolley section of the
Mount IvOwe Electric Railroad crosses the heading of I^as Flores canyon
first and this Giddings Trail canyon next. [See article, " Giddings Peak.' ']

Negro Canyon. — This is a comparatively small but bountiful water-
bearing canyon, opening southwestward into the Arroyo Seco, and which
took its name from a colored man named Robert Owen, who got out wood
from there in the early sixties. The Centennial History of L,os Angeles
County, p. 44, says of him :

" Robert Owen, familiarly called by Americans 'Uncle Bob,' came from
Texas in December, 1853, with ' Aunt Winnie, ' his wife, two daughters,
and son, Charley Owen. They survive him. He was a shrewd man of
business, energetic and honorable in his dealings ; made money by govern-
ment contracts and general trade. He died, well esteemed by white and
colored, August 18, 1865, aged fifty-nine years."

This canyon was government land, beyond the bounds of any land
claimed by anybody else. Uncle Bob had secured a contract to supply fuel
to the United States officers and soldiers at Los Angeles, and here is where
he chopped down trees for that fire-wood supply. Instead of spending his
money getting drunk and gambling, as others did, he saved it and bought
up cheap vacant land at lyos Angeles, which became highly valuable as the
city spread over it, and made him the richest colored man ever known in
the county. The first religious services ever held in Los Angeles county by
colored people were at his house, in 1854. His property was on San Pedro
street and new Los Angeles street. "Uncle Bob" was a slave in Texas
and hired his time, saved money, and bought his own freedom ; then kept
on and sent money back to buy his wife and three children. [Two grand-
sons of this man own the Owens block on Broadway near Third street, Los
Angeles, and other valuable properties.] The water supply for the Las
Casitas settlement is piped down from Negro canyon. The mountain trail
which two sons of the historic "old John Brown," who gave his life for the
Negro race, commenced to build from Las Casitas to Brown's peak, ran
partly in this same " Negro canyon."

Deadman's Canyon. — This is another small branch of the Arroyo
Seco, next north of Negro canyon. In 1873 ^ very old Indian lived in a

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 387

cabin alone here, getting out wood for Jesus Rubio (Marrone) after whom
Rubio canyon is named. One day the old man was found dead, nobody
knowing just when or how he died. And the canyon took its name from
this circumstance. Old Mr. Brunk, who was one of the men who found
the dead Indian there, always claimed that he had been murdered ; but I
don't believe it.

Brown's Canyon. — This is a small branch of the Arroyo Seco, next
below Negro canyon, and is on the mountain homestead taken up by Owen
and Jason Brown in 1886, after Jason had sold his land where the Las
Casitas Sanitarium now stands. It was on the east wall of this canyon that
they started their trail to Brown's peak, but which never reached the sum-
mit.

The Arroyo Seco Canyon. — Arroyo Seco is Spanish for "dry
creek," and this great branch of the I,os Angeles river has been called by
that name almost ever since Los Angeles was founded as a pueblo [town] in
1 78 1. The reason was, that it was a running stream during the winter, but
always went dry during the summer and autumn seasons. In the days of
the Spanish rule it was their most famous hunting ground ; and here were
often captured wild cats, mountain lions, or bears, for the bloody sport-pens
of Los Angeles ; for bull fights, bear baiting, etc., were lawful sports, even
on Sunda}^ up to 1855 — and on week days as late as October 26, 1872,
when the last great public bull fight occurred there. The old accounts give
two cases at least where bears were lassoed in the Arroyo Seco by one hind
foot and one forefoot, and then dragged bodily over the ground down to Los
Angeles (by the riatas being attached to the pommels of the horsemen's
saddles) and there put into the bear pit to fight with dogs, or a bull, or wild
cats. Pasadena lies on the east bank of the Arroyo, and extends across to
its west hills, where extensive grading and improvements were made by Mr.
C. W. Scoville from 1887 to 1893. "^^^ following item from the Vai/ey
Uni'ofi of February 26, 1886, gives some idea of the condition of things
prior to 1886, where all is now so changed by dams, bridges, retaining walls,
county road, private winding drives, substantial dwellings, etc. :

"There has been more inquiry lately [February, 1886] for Arroyo
lands, or wood lots, which extend from the Arroyo Drive across the great
gulf and up the half mountainous hills on the west side of the stream.
These hills are as full of local names as was old Judea. Jumbo Knob and
Jumbo canyon belong to Charley Watts. There is undeveloped water in
this canyon. The Fremont Trail and Wildcat canyon are on Mrs. Hood's
lots. Buzzard CHff and Gold-hunter's canyon are on Dr. Reid's lots. Near
the head of this canyon are some old gold diggings. The gold dirt assayed
only $4 or $5 per ton, and hence wouldn't pay for working. Fern canyon
is on Johnson's land, but opens down on the west end of B. F. Ball's and
J. F. Steen's wood lots. It is a sort of gap through the hill range, and
would furnish the shortest and easiest route for a road from Pasadena to

388 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Eagle Rock. [Just where the county road now runs. — Ed.] The vast Ar-
royo gorge from F. R. Harris's lot on the south, up to Mundell's chain of
lots on the north, is called Giant's Glen, and is a weird, wild, romantic place
to ramble in."

The above-named ownerships have all changed. Jumbo Knob remains
in its place, looking like the famous big elephant's head bdng at rest, with
his trunk reaching down almost to the Arroyo in search of water, the same
as before. But the buzzards have been driven from their ancient cliflf ; and
Fremont's trail [although Fremont never rode within ten miles of it], and
Wildcat canyon and Giant's Glen have all been obliterated by Mr. Scoville's
extensive improvements. [See " Fremont's Trail," page 68.]

Along the banks of the Arroyo, from Eincoln Park far up into the
mountains, there are numerous springs, from which Pasadena derives her
water supply. These are all mentioned and described by name in another
place. But the most notable point in the Arroyo Seco is

Devil's Gate, — which was so named by Judge B. S. Eaton in 1858 ;
and the reason for it he writes me thus :

"From its resemblance to a point of that name on the Sweetwater
creek, the last water that is seen running east and finding its way into the
Gulf of Mexico, as seen from the old California trail by which I came to
California with ox teams in 1850. This Arroyo Seco break through the
spur of the Verdugo hills corresponds so perfectly with that of the Sweet-
water, that when I first saw it I was carried back to my trip over the
Rockies. ' '

Cottonwood Canyon. — On the west side of the Arroyo Seco, between
Devil's Gate and lyinda Vista, there is a small canyon where N. G. Yocum
made two tunnels in 1887, obtaining a small supply of water, and it was
then called Yocum's canyon. In 1892 it was taken by the endorsers of a
certain promissory note, through their trustee and attorney, W. S. Wright,
who organized the "Cottonwood Canyon Water Co.," and gave the place
this name because some cottonwood (?) trees [California poplar] were growing
there. This company was incorporated October 29, 1892. [See "Water
Companies."]

Wildcat Canyon. — This name was given by the early settlers to the
canyon where the Scoville drive meanders up the west Arroyo hills to
Scoville Heights; and the old Garfias trail (miscalled "Fremont's trail")
was on the ridge that formed the north side of this canyon.

Fern Canyon. — The gap through the Arroyo west hills where the
county road from Scoville's bridge leads through onto the Johnson farm, was
given this name by Hon. Delos Arnold in the spring of 1881, from his
finding some rare ferns there ; and the name remained.

San Rafael Canyon, or Creek (Johnson's creek). — This descends
from the west and enters the Arroyo Seco nearly opposite the foot of West

DIVISION MVE: — NAMKS. 389

Columbia street. It is the outlet of Johnson's lake (formerly called Beau-
dry's), and forms the principal drainage of the great Johnson farm on the
hills west of Pasadena. The bed of this canyon for half a mile or so is a
mortar-like puddingstone or conglomerate, — called also ".cement rock," —
the same as the notable Eagle Rock, about two miles northwest from this
point ; and the exposed conglomerate here at the mouth of the canyon is an
eastward extension of the same ledge or stratum of this peculiar kind of
rock from which the Eagle Rock is an outcropping or uplifted head ; and
this same conglomerate ledge has been traced and identified across the
country as far eastward as Titus's artesian well, a mile or so south of Ea-
manda Park. In San Rafael canyon there is a small but pretty waterfall —
Puddingstone Falls — with a fine specimen of a pothole at their foot. In
this connection it is proper to give an account of the Eagle Rock above
referred to; and I here quote from the Valley Union of November 22, 1884:

Eagle Rock. — " About three miles over the hills westward from Pasa-
dena stands a monster of a bald, rounded, weather-beaten rock which has been
called by various names, but it is best known as Eagle Rock, and gives its
name to Eagle Rock creek, Eagle Rock valley. Eagle Rock settlement. It is
probable that very few of our readers know why this name was given it.
although many Pasadenians have visited it as one of the natural curiosities
of this region. The west side of the rock presents a face of perhaps 150
feet in height, and in this face are two 'recesses called the upper and lower
cave. The lower cave can be reached by climbing along on slight pro-
tuberances of rock, although it is a somewhat difficult and dangerous
passage ; Mrs. Dr. Reid climbed there a few weeks ago, and says she wouldn't
attempt it again for a corner lot ; but the upper cave is inaccessible. Over a
year ago some adventurers made a rude ladder and climbed up it from the
lower to the upper cave, and left the ladder there as a testimony of their
daring and prowess. It was a constant bait of temptation to other young
fellows to risk their lives by attempting the perilous ascent, and finally it
was pitched over the precipice and destroyed. The overhanging portion of
the rock which forms the roof of the two caves, is so shaped that from some
points of view it presents a well defined appearance like the outspread wings
of an eagle, and that is what gave it the name of Eagle Rock. This
peculiar appearance is well seen from the west hill-side, half a mile or more
down the valley from the rock, and is also seen from Mr. Edwin Brown's
place, about two miles distant."

The Tunnel. — Within a mile above Puddingstone Falls is the Beaudry
Tunnel, i6o paces long, through the range of hills which form the south
wall of this canyon. It was made by Prudence Beaudry, who formerly
owned the Johnson ranch, and resided there. In making it he had three
objects in view : ist, To provide an easy and direct road from his farm to
Eos Angeles, instead of going a long way around, with heavy up-and-
down-hill hauls. 2d, To pipe water down to Eos Angeles or its northerly
suburbs from a lake that he produced by using the material excavated from
the tunnel to build a dam across the canj^on, the dam serving also as road-

390 HISTORY OF PASADENA,

way. 3d, The chance, which was at that time deemed fairly good, of
finding coal in these hills. Only the first object was ever realized. This
tunnel is wide and high enough for a loaded hay wagon to pass through,
or a covered carriage without lowering the top. I examined it, and paced
its length, in 1885 — 160 paces, or about 480 feet.

Columbia Hill. — When the colony lands were first subdivided, a con-
siderable body of hill-top land south of West Columbia street and west of
Sylvan Drive or Avenue was reserved "for church, school and reservoir
purposes." But all except a reservoir site was afterward sold to A. O.
Porter and others. [See "Annals of the Schools," and "vSierra Madre
College " for its later history.] It was called "Columbia Hill" from the
fact that West Columbia street ran from Orange Grove Avenue on a winding
grade down its north side to a junction with Arroyo Drive. The highest
part of the hill is now occupied by the fine residence of Chas. D. Daggett,
Esq. (the old school or college building made over), while other portions of
it are occupied by residences of John Wadsworth, Chas. R. Foote, and
others.

Grace Hill. — The body of land now known by this name was in one
of the four fifteen-acre shares selected by Judge B. S. Eaton, when the orig-
inal colony lands were allotted by. free choice, January 27, 1874. Judge
Eaton sold it to a Mr. Chapman. In the winter of 1883-84 Charles Legge
bought from Chapman ten acres, which included the main hill or its highest
part, and in five weeks after its purchase he sold it for One Thousand Dol-
lars MORE than he paid for it. This was the first big gun of the "boom,"
and for a while Charle}^ I^egge wore the champion belt as a real estate oper-
ator. The purchaser of this splendid building site was a Mr. Himebaugh,
who made some slight improvements in the way of landscape gardening, and
named it " Grace Hill," after his daughter Gracie. He next sold it to Geo.
W. Stimson, who made further and quite elaborate landscape improvements,
and put it into the real estate market for sale at $25,000. Here it hung un-
taken for three or four years, Mr. Stimson meanwhile keeping an expert
gardener, Alfred Ellis, in charge of it ; and it grew more beautiful every
year. Finally Wm. Stanton, from Pittsburg, Pa., bought it, and built the
noble dwelling which is now his family home on that eminence, from which
there is such a superb and far-reaching outlook in every direction.

Raymond Hill. — This foothill peak formerly belonged to what was
known as the Marengo ranch, or Bacon's ranch. In 1883 Walter Raymond
examined sites for his contemplated great hotel project, at San Diego, San
Bernardino, and Riverside, but finally settled upon this Bacon hill at Pasa-
dena as coming the nearest to his ideal of anything he had seen ; and he
accordingly purchased it, with a tract comprising about fifty-five acres. The
hill was then much higher than now, as it had to be cut down thirty-four

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 39I

feet to get a large enough area on top for the hotel buildings and grounds ;
and although it seems to loom up so loftily, the present top of the Raymond
hill is just level with the sidewalk at corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Col-
orado street.

Oak Knoll. — See page 344.

The Old Mill. — In his work entitled "All About Pasadena," Prof,
Holder says : "As to the age of El Molino [the Mill] no one knows, and
there is no exact record of its builders ; so in a way it is as mysterious as
the mill in Newport, Rhode Island. ' ' This is all a mistake ; but he was led
into it by sundry errors about the Old Mill in the Farnsworth book, pub-
lished in 1883. This stone grist mill was built during the rigorous, ener-
getic, work-driving administration of Father Jose Maria Zah4dea, while he
served as official head of the San Gabriel Mission and brought it to its climax
of industrial and commercial success, from 1806 to 1826. The padre's "Old
Mill " building was 24x55 feet, with walls of solid masonry from three feet
to four feet nine inches thick, and was erected in 1810 to 1812.* There
were two great arches in the lower story (east front) where the water-wheel
was placed ; and in the upper story, or grinding room, there were two small
windows protected by iron bars and heavy shutters. The original roof was
of tiling. The Indians had been portioned off into about thirty classes of
work people, with Claudio Lopez as major-domo over all, and a minor-domo
or task-master, armed with rawhide whip, [see page 34.] over each class,
whose business it was to see that every man and woman worked daily, ac-
cording to rule. But the Indians so frequently revolted against their hard
overseers, or escaped to the mountains as hostiles, that rigid guarding and
severe punishments became necessary, as well as provision for a stronghold
against attacks of the " unconverted " Indians. Therefore the San Gabriel
Mission church as it now stands, as well as this mill building, seem to have
been made with a view to their serving as castles in time of possible need.f
And some parts of the mill, both above and below, were undoubtedly used
also as a jail or house of correction for the more obdurate offenders.

In March, 1829, a Boston gentleman, Mr. A. Robinson, spent two or
three days at San Gabriel, having some trading business with Father
Sanchez there — for his Boston trading ship was then lying at San Pedro
harbor with a cargo of goods from Yankeeland. Mr. Robinson was a man
of culture ; spoke and read the Spanish language; and remained seventeen
years engaged in ship trade and land travel up and down the coast. In

* Hugo Reid, in speaking of Father Zalvidea, says : " He it was who planted the huge vineyards
• * laid out the orange garden, fruit and olive orchards ; built the mill and dam ; made fences of
tunas [broad-leaved cactus] round the fields ; * * brought water Irom long distances ; " etc.

t A spring flows out from beneath the heavy buttress at the northeast corner of the mill; and
some writers,' following the cue given by Miss Alice P. Adams in 18S3, have made a great mystery out of
it. But the explanation is simple enough. In case the Spanish soldiers and priests should ever find it
necessary to take refuge in the mill as a fort and withstand a siege by hostile Indians, this spring could
be reached by excavation from within, for a water supply. It was a wise precaution, but never hap-
pened to be needed.

392

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

.^^^Sfe

Coiner buttress. Wheel chambers. iSprint; under tliis corner.

THE OLD STONE MILL.
As sketched in "Land of Sunshine," July, 1895.

1846 he published at New York a book entitled " Life in California." On
page 33, speaking of his first visit at San Gabriel, he says: "On the
declivity of a hill is erected a violino, or grist-mill, surrounded with fruit
trees and flowers. A beautiful lake lies calm and unruffled in front, and all
around fresh streams are gushing from the earth, and scattering their waters
in every direction. It would be a magnificent spot for a summer retreat,
and much reminded me of many of the beautiful locations to be met with in
the vicinity of Boston."

In the centennial "Historical Sketch of IvOS Angeles County," pub-
lished in 1876, there is a reference to the "Old Mill" which was written by
Hon. J. T. Warner, a native of Connecticut who settled at L,os Angeles in
1 83 1, while the San Gabriel Mission was still flourishing in full vigor, under
Padre Sanchez's prelatical rule. And Warner says :

"At an early period in the history of San Gabriel, a water-power mill
for grinding wheat was constructed and put in operation in front of and near
the Mission building. At a later period a new grist-mill was built by the
Mission, and placed about two miles from the Mission proper.* This was
also operated by water power. The building in which was placed this mill
is now the property of E. Iv. Mayberry, and is used for a wine cellar.
A water-power saw-mill was also built by this Mission, and was located near
the last mentioned grist-mill. These were the only mills made or used in
California, either for grinding or sawing, in which water was the motive
power, or in which a wheel was used, for more than half a century after the
founding of the first Mission in continental California. In these two grist-
mills the revolving mill-stone was upon the upper end of a vertical shaft,

*This is a mistake. The old stone mill was built fir.st, under Padre Zalvidea, in 1S10-12. The mill
opposite the church \v;is not built until 1821 ?2. Joseph Chapman was the carpenter and millwright who
built it, and Ckiudio I.opez was then major-domo. See jiages 42 and 51 .

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 393

and the water-wheel upon the lower end, so that the revolution of the stone
was no more frequent than that of the water-wheel. "-^^

The grinding stones from this old mill were laid up for a horse-block at
the south front of Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb's residence, "San Marino," f and
can be seen there yet — 1895. They are 2)4 feet in diameter and 7 to 8
inches thick. The kind of stone is volcanic tufa, said to be found some
distance up the San Gabriel canyon. The water from I^os Robles canyon or
creek (the same that has been called " Mill Spring creek," and " Willowdale
creek,") was conveyed in a ditch along the side of the bluff on the Stone-
man and Richardson farms to the upper side of the mill, where it flowed
into a funnel-shaped cement cistern or fore-bay about 12 feet deep. From
the bottom of this cistern a narrow spout-flume extended through the thick
stone wall into the brick-arched wheel chamber, and the water poured
through the spout horizontally against the buckets of the water-wheel. A
vertical shaft extended from the water-wheel up into the second story, where
it bore the millstone on its upper end to do the grinding work. The water
from Mill canyon was also brought by a ditch into the fore-bay of this mill.
After the water had been used here it flowed by a cement ditch into the dam
or lake, to serve the sawmill and other works below the dam. I visited
this Old Mill, with Ex-Gov. Merrill and Hon. Delos Arnold of Iowa, in
January, 1884. But I went there again May 23 and July 25, and August
30, 1894, and other times, to re-examine and measure some parts. The
curious fore-bay, with its adjunct reserve cistern and their inflow conduits
are still to be vSeen at the up-hill side of the building ; while in the lower
story the wheel chamber is intact, with its recesses in the side walls for
holding the heavy timbers to support the water-wheel on its vertical shaft ;
the hole in the arch for the shaft to pass up through; the inflow water
flume, etc., are plainly to be seen. There are two arched wheel chambers, but
only the south one was ever supplied with a working wheel, for the reason
that the earthquake of 181 2 cracked the north fore-bay before the wheel
work was completed ; and the crack has been widened a little by several
" quakes " in later years.

In 1859 Col. E. J. C. Kewen, a soldier of the Mexican war and ex-
attorney -general of California, purchased the old mill property, the building
being then still just as the padres had left it, although a family had been
living in it for several years. He made sundry additions and alterations
to fit it for a genteel dwelliag ; and his family resided there until his death,
November 25, 1879.I Since that time it has only been used as a wine-cellar

♦This was true of the first or stone mill, but not of the one built at the church. See page 52. War-
ner is also mistaken about these being " the only mills," etc., for Chapman had built one at Santa Ynez
in 1820-21. See page 51.

t" The old mill stones in front of our home, now used as a horse-block, are the identical ones placed
in the ' Old Mill by the I.ake ' by the Mis.sion ^^athers."— Letter of Hon. J. DeBarth Shorb to Dr. Reid,
March 29, i8g4.

I The Hist. Los A. Co. published by Thompson & West, 18S0, at page 107, says : " 1858. In February,
Col. Kewen of Walker filibustering fame, settled in Los Angeles to practice law."

394 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

below, and the up-stairs part as a storehouse for products of the ranch, and
bunk-room for the workmen. The place is now owned by K. ly. May berry,
who has made extensive improvements, and built a fine new residence on a
bluff above the mill.

Wilson Lake. — This is marked on the official map of Pasadena as
" Kewen lyake," and the maker of the map informs me that it has that
name in the county records. But it had been known as " Wilson's Lake " for
six or seven years before Kewen bought the old mill property, which em-
braced the lower end, the dam and the outlet of the lake. And before
Wilson's time it was called the Mission lake. The dam was built in 1810 to
1812. Father Zalvidea commenced his thrifty but iron rule in 1806, and
immediately went about establishing his system of taskwork for every one
under his control, in order to increase the agricultural, vinicultural, live-
stock and manufactured products of the Mission ; and a heavy stone dam
was built to enlarge this lake. Then just below the dam he established a saw
mill, a tannery, a wool-washery, etc., where the water could be conveyed by
wooden troughs for the use of the work people, who were the neophytes or
"converted " Indians. The water was also conveyed in ditches to irrigate
additional vineyards and increase the wine and brandy products, these being
prime articles of commerce at that time. For building the lake dam, heavy
cobblestones or boulders were hauled in great clumsy ox-carts from Lincoln
Park, this being the nearest point where large enough ones could be gath-
ered in quantity;* this I verified by special examination of the wall, and
then of the wash channels near by. And cement for the work, a sort of
water lime, was dug out of the hillside and burned where the Lincoln Park
reservoir now stands in the old lime kiln pit. There had been a large bog
or cienega at the lake place ; and by building the dam the area of the lagoon
or lake was more than doubled, and its water storage four or five times in-
creased by depth. The mill stood on ground higher than the lake, and the
mill stream flowed into the lake by a cement gutter after doing duty on the
miller's wheel. The solid stone wall of the dam is from 6 to 7 feet thick,
with reinforcing ledges and buttressed flume cheeks on lower side ; 10 to 12
feet high at outlet ; and 70 paces or over 200 feet entire length at top of wall.

*" Old-timers will reiiieniber that all along on the banks of the Arroyo about where the IJncolu Park
depot now stands, were any quantity of small mounds, built of boulders, and these were said to be Indian
graves. In 1858 I had the curiosity to examine some of them. I was soon satisfied that no bodies
had ever been buried beneath them. It is probable that during the construction of the Mission San
Ciabriel, or some of tlieir water dams that still exi.st in the neighborhood, Indians were sent there to gather
them in piles to be hauled away for building purposes. This theory seems probable, since each pile
would just about make a carreta load. These heaps were over and above what they needed, and were
left." — Judge B. S Eaton's Reminiscences.

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SCENE ON OLD WILSON TRAIL — BELOW HALF-WAY HOUSE.

Before the trail was changed for getting the Harvard telescope up to Telescope Point.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES, 395

CHAPTER XX.

Mountain Trails, Roads, Etc. — The Wilson Trail.— The Telescope Episode.— John
Muir's Mountain Climb in Pasadenaland. — The Mount Wilson Toll Road.

MOUNTAIN TRAILS, ROADS, ETC.

Wilson's Trail. — Many erroneous and more or less fanciful accounts
have been put forth about ttis now famous and historic first travel-way ever
made to the summit of the Sierra Madre mountains. I sought correct infor-
mation from Mrs. Shorb and Mrs. Wilson, and they kindly furnished me a
letter from Mr. Wm. McKee of San Francisco, written to Mrs. Wilson,
August 28, 1887, in which he mentions the first trip ever made up that trail
on horseback ; and I here quote his account of the matter. Mr. McKee says:

"Wilson's Trail up the mountains — when was it built ? It was com-
menced early in 1864. In April of that year, Mr. Wilson invited me to go
with him to see the trail, and to see the men at work on the road. I was
living in town then.* On the day appointed we started for the mountains :
took blankets with us, intending to stay there all night. About i o'clock
we got to where the men were at work, near the place now called the Half-
Way House.

" I was anxious to go on up to the top of the mountains. Mr. Wilson
inquired of the men if they thought we could go to the top of the mountains
with the horses. One of the men said he had been there, and that there was
a spring of water on the very top ot the mountains. At 2 o'clock we started,
leading the horses ; we soon got to the ridge of the mountains, and there
found a well beaten bear trail leading to the spring. I thought then, and do
still, that that water was the best I ever tasted in my life. We camped there
that night. Oh, how beautiful ! Next day we found the relics of the two houses.
They were two parallelograms, well marked by a pile of what appeared to
be ashes. Removing the ashes, we found the lower logs of the cabins not de-
cayed. Americans must have built them. Mr. Wilson said so. Michael
White, who came to San Gabriel in 1825, knew nothing of them. f We were
the first who ever visited that Wilson Peak on horseback. In referring to
this, I shall always remember it as one of the most pleasant trips I ever had
with Mr. Wilson ; and we had many. Yours very truly,

William McKee.

Some writers have treated this story of the "old cabins ' ' as imaginative;
but Mr. McKee, and B. D. Wilson and his stepson, E. S. Hereford, all cor-
roborated their existence. Mr. Hereford had charge of the first pack train
that ever brought a load of shakes or pickets down that trail, in July or
August, 1864. He is still living, and resides at San Gabriel — 1895.

For ten or twelve years after Pasadena was settled it was reckoned a

*Mr. McKee resided in I^os Angeles at that time and had been employed bj- Mr. Wilson as private
tutor to his children.

fOf course not. Robbers and hor.se thieves would keep their own secrets. The historic records of this
region of country show that from IS35, or down to as late as 1874. it was almost continually infested by
gangs of white men outlaws, whose robberies were often charged to Indians. In December, 1840, Gov.
Alvarado reported " that a party of adventurers from the United States had stolen three thousand horses
belonging to the Missions of San Luis Obispo and San Gabriel, and various private ranches."— 7". H.
HitteU in Overland Monthly, November, 1885, page 46s.

396 HIS'rORY OF PASADKNA.

great adventure to go up the Wilson Trail, and stay on the summit overnight.
And on June 23-24-25, 1885, the largest party that had at that time ever
made the ascent, spent three days on the trip, having a right jolly time of
it. This historic company consisted of the following persons :

"Mrs. S. E. Merritt, Mrs S. P. Jewett, Mrs, Charles A. Gardner,
Misses Olive Eaton, Carrie D. Hill, Maria B. Vischer, Helen Hill, Una
Robinson, Flora Conger, lyUcille Robinson, Di;. O. H. Conger, Prof. E. T.
Pierce, George W. Howard, Charles L. Turner, Howard W. Conger,
George Eaton, George Frost, Edward Mosher, William Watson, Hubert
Winston, Ro}^ Lanterman, Lester Lippincott, Frank Warner, Master Frank
Ogden, Charles A. Gardner, seven burros, and one Mexican. At dark they
lighted the usual signal fire, and had the pleasure of seeing it responded
to from Pasadena."

THE TELESCOPE EPISODE.

The most important historic event connected with this Trail in all
the years was that of conveying the Harvard telescope up over its nar-
row line to the summit, in April, 1889. The task was undertaken by
the Pasadena Board of Trade, with Judge Eaton as manager-in-chief.
[See page 326.] He found it necessary at some points to widen the
trail, and at some points to change its line and make a totally new
path. The entire material was over three tons weight, to be trans-
ported about eight miles from nearest railroad station, making in that
distance an ascent of over 4,000 feet along a winding or zigzag don-
key path mostly from six to twelve inches in width, on the steep mount-
ain sides. Of course some of the stuff could be put into detached par-
cels and packed on the backs of mules or burros ; but a large iron frame
of nearly half a ton weight must go up solid. To meet this contingency^
Judge Eaton devised a trundle-car that was made strictly on Scripture prin-
ciples, for it was not a graven image, nor a "likeness of anything in heaven
above, nor the earth beneath, nor the waters under the earth." It was a
heavy-framed wooden platform two and one-half feet wide and three feet
long, with a vSolid cast-iron roller seven inches in diameter and two feet one
inch long serving as the front wheel, and being axeled a little forward of
the middle of the platform ; while at the rear there was a castor-wheel with
a tail-bar or lever to steer the vehicle. Across the front was a stout iron
bail, to which one or two mules could be attached in Indian file fashion for
pulling ahead. On each side at the corners were heavy iron rings by which
the freight was lashed with ropes or chains to the car platform, so that if
the car should go off the track down a slope or over a precipice the load
would still stay on it. At some points where there was a sharp angle in the
trail, they had to pick and drill and blast out rock to widen it before they
could make the turn safely ; and at some places where there were a series of
sharp angles constituting a zig-zag traverse, they had to drill into the
mountain side for a secure anchorage at the upper lap of the traverse, and

DIVISION FIVK — NAMES. 397

then with heavy ropes and pulleys hoist the car and its load bodily up the
steep declivity till a new stretch of trail was reached, where the trundle-car
could be rolled along again. Just think of a solid half-ton's weight of freight-
age being thus transported six miles in distance and 4,000 feet in elevation,
and you get some idea of what a job it was at that time (for, remember, this was
long before the toll road was built, but was really what led to it,) to get the
Harvard telescope into place for its historic and famous astronomical work
on Mount Wilson.

For further particulars about this telescope, and the special scientific
work which it did here, see page 367 — "Harvard Telescope Point.'
(In 1894 Dr. Reid took pains to secure this historic trundle-car for preserva-
tion in the Throop Polytechnic collection of relics pertaining to Pasadena
history.)

At a public meeting, April 2, 1889, for the purpose of raising $100,000
to aid in establishing a 40-inch telescope (biggest in the world) on Mt.
Wilson, Judge Eaton gave the following points on distances and altitudes:

"Pasadena is just four miles south of Mt. Wilson, and four miles west.
The distance from the foot of the mountain to the top is 8.7 miles, and he
would make the grade not greater than one in ten. He estimated the alti-
tude of Mt. Wilson to be 5,560 feet. Plenty of granite is available near the
summit, and the Henniger flat (2,200 feet) afforded a splendid site for a
hotel. He thought Pasadena was big enough and able enough to build a
wagon road to the summit.

"As to the transportation of the 23-inch telescope to the summit, the
Judge said, ' It is all there!' (applause). The work had been laborious, but
the people of Pasadena had redeemed their word, and put it on the moun-
tain, at a cost of a httle less than $1,000, the greater part of which had
been spent in improving the trail."

The Star of April 3, 1889, said : " A big blaze on the summit of Mt.
Wilson last night announced that Judge Eaton had succeeded in placing all
the boxes containing the Harvard telescope on the spot where the observa-
tory is to be built."

Star photographing was commenced here about May i, 1889, and con-
tinued some eighteen months, in charge of Prof. King. Hence the local
name thereof, "Harvard Telescope Point ;" but it had previously been known
as Signal Peak or point ; and the old telescope building has been converted
into a mountain-top hotel annex called "The Casino." See page 367.

THE MOUNT WILSON TOLL ROAD.

For nearly twenty years after Pasadena was settled, it was deemed a
great adventure to go up Wilson's trail and spend a night on the mountani ;
and this trip gradually became so popular that in 1885 and 1886, various
schemes were talked of for making some shorter, easier, safer and more
direct travel- way to the mountain tops. One plan set forth early in 1885,
was for a hack line from Pasadena up into Las Flores canyon, where it was
then expected a large sanitarium, or hotel, would soon be built ; and from

398 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

there a burro trail up the great dividing ridge between Las Flores and Mil-
lard canyons to the top of the range. There was a foot trail up this route,
and Dr. B. A. Wright, who then owned the I^as Flores house, followed it
up on horseback to a point nearl)^ or quite as high as Echo Mountain, just
to test the feasibility of the plan. But the sanitarium scheme failed, and this
mountain bridle road plan died with it. Another scheme was to make a
bridle road up around Millard Falls and on into what is now called Grand
canyon — thence up over the dividing ridge now called the "Mount Lowe
saddle " — thence down across Grand Basin to the Eaton Canyon pass, and
thence on to Wilson's peak. This would have made an intramontane trip
excelling in picturesque beauty and grandeur the old Wilson Trail and the
Switzer Trail ; and it was designed to be worked as an adjunct to the
Painter Hotel, for the benefit of its winter tourist guests. The parties inter-
ested in it were A. J. Painter, Calvin Hartwell, E. W. Giddings, E- W. Gid-
dings. Byron O. Clark.* However, the project was never carried through; yet
partly under its inspiration a good pack-trail was made clear up into Grand
canyon, for the uses of water development work in the upper sources of Mil-
lard canyon. There was talk of making a wagon road clear to Wilson's peak
by this route ; but that was a preposterous idea, for it would have cost
$100,000 to make a road of passage there for four-wheeled vehicles.

It was in 1885 that C. P. Switzer, a carpenter from Eos Angeles, con-
structed his trail up the Arroyo Seco canyon to a romantic place of cabins
and tents, waterpools and falls, baths, etc., known to fame for a few years as
" Switzer 's Camp." But this was only a sort of half-way house to any part
of the mountain top, and from here there were only difficult footpaths or
burro trails to Mount Disappointment, Strawberry peak, and other lofty
summits, and to Barley Flats.

In 1886 Owen and Jason Brown, sons of the famous "Old John
Brown," commenced constructing a bridle road from their mountain home-
stead above Eas Casitas to a point at the top of the front range, which they
christened " Brown's peak." After building about two miles of their road
they had to give it up for want of funds ; and Owen's death in January,
1889, totally ended the project.

Yet, in spite of all these different schemes, Wilson's Peak still had the
call.f People mostly seemed to think and talk as if that was the only place

*As early as 1.SS3-84, Byron O. Clark and his brother-in-law, H. C. Kellogg, a civil engineer, while
prospecting and surveying for mountain springs to supply the Painter & Ball tract, noticed the fine
parks of oak timber on the west slopes of Oak Mountain (now called Mt. Lowe), and thev applied to
Washington for privilege to survey it at their own cost and buy a section of it as timber land. They got
answer that it had been officially reported and recorded as "unsurveyable." They tried further to get
it. but without success. Mr. Kellogg at that time projected levels and grades and'detours for a road to
Wilson's Peak by the Millard canyon route ; and Clark planned for a landscape paradise and half-way
statioji in the .same timber .slopes where the Alpine Club house and Crystal Springs station of Mt. Lowe
Railroad are now located. H. C. Kellogg is now [1S94] county surveyor of Orange county. Clark resides
at Linda Vista, Pasadena.

f'The Signal Peak Plotel Co. has made arrangements with Mr. Fox. Abbot Kinney and Col. Mayberrv
for right-of-way acro.ss their mountain .side lands ; and on Wednesday Clarence Martin and Mr. Rockwood
located the route for their new horseback road to the mountain top," nic.— Union, June 11, 1886.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 399

where there was any mountain top worth going to, or at all accessible ; and
in 1886, a cog-wheel railroad similar to the one on Mount Washington, New
Hampshire, was talked up — till finally R. Williams, Byron W. Bates and
C. S. Martin formed a company, and took steps to secure rights for land,
water, wood and stone on the unsurveyed government lands at the Mount
Wilson summit. ^^ Their idea was to make a good bridle-road first, and then
enlist eastern capitalists to build a hotel up there, and build a cog-wheel
railroad from the mouth of Eaton canyon up to it. They did secure some
land claims, though from various causes their railroad and hotel project
failed. But the locating of the Harvard photographing telescope on Mount
Wilson in 1889 gave a new measure of fame and interest centering at this
mountain ;t and the difficulties which Judge Eaton had to overcome in get-
ting that telescope, besides the heavy timbers, irons, etc., necessary for its
proper housing and mechanical control, up over the old trail, led him to
think seriously of trying to build a better road right up from the mouth of
Eaton canyon, I and thus connect Pasadena with this mountain top in the
shortest and most direct way, instead of having to go ten miles around, by
way of Sierra Madre town and the Santa Anita canyon.

Accordingly, Judge Eaton called a meeting June 18, 1889, at the Presi-
dent's room of the First National Bank, "to consider steps necessary to be
taken to build a wagon road to Mount Wilson." The men who atttended
this meeting were: J. A. Buchanan, P. M. Green, E. C. Winston, George
A. Greeley, H. H. Rose, M. E. Wood, A. J. Painter, C. S. Martin, George
F. Kernaghan, Charles Copelin, J. R. Riggins, W. U. Masters. P. M.
Green was chosen for chairman of the meeting and Mr. Masters secretary.
Judge Eaton fully explained the feasibility of the project, from a preliminary
survey which he had made of the entire series of mountain slopes to be
traversed ; and ended by moving that they should proceed to organize a com-
pany to build such a road. The motion prevailed, and a preliminary organ-
ization was effected by electing Kernaghan for president, Martin vice-presi-
dent. Wood secretary and First National Bank treasurer ; and for directors,
Martin, Kernaghan, Buchanan, Greeley and J. W. Hugus. The organiza-
tion was incorporated as ' ' The Pasadena and Mount Wilson Toll Road
Company," July 12, 1889, with the following named shareholders:

P. M. Green, A. J. Painter, Charles Copelin, J. A. Buchanan, James
R. Riggins, Benjamin S. Eaton, C. S. Martin, George F. Kernaghan, G. E.

*" Mr. J. M. Willard, the surveyor, with four assistants, has been at work the last week surveying for
the new mountain-top company who have planned to make a good horseback road, with telephone line
to the summit camp, starting up at the mouth of Precipicio canyon." — [Pasadena Valley Union, Maj-

14, 18S6.

t" A good wagon road will bring it within ten miles of Pasadena, while the I.ick observatory is twenty-
three miles from San Jose. A mountain railroad will undoubtedly reduce the ten miles to five, and bring
the observatory within an hour of the Carlton."— C T. Hopkins, public address on Library fnteres/s.^Peh-
ruary 18, 1889

t" Four men are at work this week running barometric levels to test for a possible wagon road, rising
one foot in ten, from the mouth of P^aton canyon to the top of Mount Wilson direct." — [Pasadena Stand-
ard, February 23, i8Sq.

400 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Prosser, George A. Greeley, W. E. Arthur, H. H. Rose, M. E. Wood. The
capital stock was fixed at $50,000, divided into 500 shares office each.

The company secured a right-of-way 100 feet wide from the Precipicio
Canyon Water Company (Eaton canyon) across their lands, and from the
county board of supervisors for the rest of the distance — this latter includ-
ing " Henniger's flat," which Capt. Henniger held at that time only by
squatter's right, not by patent. Their first step was to determine just
where their roadway should be located at the mouth of Eaton canyon, and
its position relative to the tunnels, pipes, check valves, etc., of the water
company ; and Engineer J. E. Place was employed to survey this part of
the roadway territory and prepare a detail map of the same. But no grad-
ing was done for more than a year ; and the project seemed to have died
before it was born. Debts had accumulated for various services and inci-
dental expenses, and remained unpaid.

December 10, 1890, a meeting was held to consider the situation, and
decide what should be done further. At this meeting Mr. Kernaghan pro-
posed a reorganization of the company, on condition of having assigned to
him all the shares held by the various stockholders ; and as the outstanding
debts for which each stockholder was liable under the law about equalled
the yalue of the stock held, the proposition was readily accepted, many of
them being glad to thus let themselves down easy and get out of further
responsibility in the matter. The reorganization was effected, and under
it, George F. Kernaghan, C. S. Martin, J. W. Vandevort, R. T. Vande-
vort and George A. Greeley became the sole owners of the corporation and
its franchises. And from this time on things began to move. Mr. Kerna-
ghan as president and manager devoted most of his time to forwarding the
enterprise. Engineer J. W. Sedwick was employed to survey the route from
mouth of Eaton canyon to the summit, set the grade stakes and prepare esti-
mates of all grading,- filling, bridging and rock work to be done. The origi-
nal wagon road theory had been boiled down to the more practical and
feasible plan of a bridle-road ; and a contract was let to Thomas Banbury to
grade and construct such a road for the company. He pushed the work to
completion as rapidly as possible ; but the blasting and rock work around
some of the granite spurs and crags proved a more difficult and costly job
than had been anticipated.

The length of road constructed, four feet wide, is nine and one-eighth
miles, extending from the mouth of Eaton canyon, about 1,575 feet above
sea level, to the summit of Mount Wilson, where the Harvard telescope
stood for a year and a half, 5,565 feet above the sea ;* and the grade nowhere

*Judge Eaton's aneroid barometer gave different altitude registers at foot of the road, varying from
1,500 to i,57,s ; and at the summit it varied more than loo teet at different times, owing to wind currents
of difTerent degrees of moisture or dryness, or electrical tension ; but an average of twenty observations
Rave ,s, 550 feet as the altitude. Engineer Sedwick, who surveyed the Toll Road, save 5,560 feet as the
altitude. And I'rof Pickering of Harvard I'liiversity, with his superior instrume'nis and expert scien-
tific tests, made it 5,565 feet elevation. So I take that as .scientific authority. But it should be noted that
Judge Kalon's result only varied fifteen feet from that of the great scientific expert; and Sedwick's
actual survey only varied five feet.

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES.

401

exceeded a rise of one foot in ten. The total cost of surveying, grading,
building telephone line to foot of road, and incidental expenses, footed up
about $5,000.

This construction work was going on during the early months of 1891.
Meanwhile Mr. Kernaghan was president of the Pasadena Packing Co.,
and also both president and manager of the Daily Star Publishing Co., and
on the ist of May he became postmaster of Pasadena. These varied cares
and labors proved too heavy a strain upon him, and about the last of May
he relinquished his interest in the toll road, being succeeded by H. W.
Magee as president and manager. The grading work was then still in
progress. On his retiring, the Company, as a souvenir of the past and a
token of their kindly regard, presented Mr. Kernaghan with a " life pass "
over the road — the only one ever issued.

The original land and water rights acquired in 1886 by Bates, Martin
and Williams on Mount Wilson, besides some later claims, are now [1895]
held by C. S. Martin, J. W. and R. T. Vandevort, J. H. Holmes of Hotel
Green, Wm. Morgan and Wm. R. Staats, and comprise what are known as
"Martin's camp," "Strain's camp," and "Observatory Casino." [vSee pages

.eVvifeilbifi—

STRAIN'S CAMP— 1894.
At the original Mount Wilson Spring. See article, " Wilson's Trail," page 395.

367-68.] And they have control of the old original Wilson Trail, as well
as their own Toll Road.*

The Ivos Angeles Times of July 21, 1891, contained the following
account of the funniest historic incident connected with this Toll Road :

*The IVeeklv Star of ]a\y 8, 1 89 r, reporting a trip of the county board of supervisors up the Toll
Road in order to fix its toll rates, savs : " It is over the same general route as that surveyed four years
ago by Col. J. K. Place and Mr. Horne, for a cog-wheel railroad. That survey cost $1,000, and was paid
for by Col Markham, C. S. Martin and R Williams. That route was over a 25 per cent, grade, without
any switchbacks, and went pretty straight up the mountain. * * The Toll Road survey was be-
gun in November, 1890, and took two months steady work. The ct)g-wheel road was estimated to cost
$400,000. The Toll Road is 8.7 miles in length, and its 10 per cent, grade gives a rise of about 5,000 feet. (?)
It has numerous romantic points which have been named, such as Pasadena View, Saint's Rest, Halfway
Turn, Mosquito Pass, Cape Horn, etc. Its top end is at the observatory."

26

402

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

" Decidedly the most novel feature to chronicle in connection with the
mountain was the ascent made on Sunday by Joe Simons and Chas. Fish-
beck, in carts of their own invention and manufacture, and designed especi-
ally for the trip. The journey was made thus for the reason that Joe's
avoirdupois makes it well nigh impossible for him to make the ascent on
foot or mounted. Hence he set his inventive genius to work, and the result
was a two- wheeled cart, the wheels being but a trifle over two feet apart and
the seat resting on the axle so that the driver could conveniently step to the
ground along the narrow places of the trail. The odd-looking pair of
vehicles left the foot of the new trail at five o'clock Sunday morning, and
made the ascent without any mishap in a little over four hours. The day
was spent at Martin & L,ynch's camp, where photographs were taken of the
outfits and several attendants who went along to assist in case of emergency.
The return trip was made the same day. Messrs. Simons & Fishbeck enjoy
the distinction of having first traversed the new trail on a wheeled vehicle."

The Star of Saturday, July i8, described the carts, which were made
by Stephen Helen, who was to ride one of them, and it said: "They are
very narrow — twenty-eight inches — and are provided with mowing machine
seats. Joe's 270 pounds of constitution forbids him to either ride horseback
or walk up the trail, so he tries the cart." The fact seems to be, that
Messrs. Helen and Fishbeck took turns riding their queer thing.

The Pasadena Evening News of June 12, 1895, said :

"At a recent meeting of the Mt. Wilson Toll Road Co., the following
officers were elected : C. S. Martin, president ; Wm. Morgan, vice-presi-
dent; W. R. Staats, secretary and treasurer ; R. T. Vandevort, manager."

Telescope point.

Wilson s pedk

Lin 1 £ Sunshuu August Is

MARTIN'S CAMP, AT MOUNT HARVARD NECK.

Then, in reply to my inquiries for latest data before printing this chap-
ter, the secretary wrote me July 16, 1895 :

"The mountain wagon road will be twelve feet wide, and a length of
nine miles to the summit. On the summit will be laid out ten to fifteen
miles of bridle roads leading to different points of interest, and through the

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 403

great pine forests ; while on the way up there are many beautiful spots to
which branch roads will be run. The Henniger Flats property, recently
purchased by Harry C. Allen, consists of 120 acres — the only mesa land on
the mountain side. Here a park will be laid out and resort buildings con-
structed, in connection with the mountain road. This land, and the land
owned by the company on the summit, is not included in the government
forest reservation. The summit is now connected by telephone with Pasa-
dena, L,os Angeles, San Francisco, etc."

SwiTzer's Trail. — The Valley Union of May 29, 1885, said :

" C. P. Switzer has filled a ' long-felt want ' by making a direct trail up
the mountains from Brunk's to the big fall of the Arroyo Seco. He has
taken up a claim at the falls, and built accommodations for tourists, who are
furnished with a good trail at a nominal price, and bed and meals for such
as stay over. He is about half way to the summit, and tourists can make
the trip up from this place and back in a day, and thus make a very com-
fortable trip of it."

The waterfall referred to was named Virginia Falls. It is a beauti-
ful mountain cascade, but not so high as those in Eaton, Rubio, or Millard
canyons. Switzer 's trail and mountain camp enjoyed much popularity for
five or six years, until Mount Wilson and other points of loftiest outlook
were made easily accessible. The following account of a trip up Switzer's
trail, with some notable historic associations, was published in the Union of
May 14, 1886 :

"At 7:30, May 4, a party of young folks left Orange Grove Avenue
for a trip to the mountain top, via Switzer's trail. At Mr. Thompson's on
the L,as Casitas ranch, they expected to meet the guide with burros for the
ascent, but he failed to put in an appearance ; and so for that day they con-
tented themselves climbing the beautiful hills around the ranch, from which
(by the aid of the historic field glass formerly owned and used by John
Brown at Harper's Ferry, in 1859,) they had a most charming view of the
valley below, and of Pasadena.

"Mrs. Thompson (John Brown's daughter) kindly entertained them
for the night ; and in the morning Mr. Owen Brown, (the only survivor of
Harper's Ferry) with his usual kindness, offered his services as guide. From
a neighbor they obtained two horses. They thought it would be hard work
to divide two horses between six people, but concluded to try it. Two
young ladies and Mr. Thompson started at noon, on foot, for Mr. Brunk's,
up the Arroyo ; Mr. Thompson felled trees and helped them safely across
the stream. At Mr. Brunk's they procured two more horses, but no saddles,
and fortunately found Mr. S., a young man from Chicago, who was rusticat-
ing for a few days, and who joined the party. After a few minutes delay,
the rest of the party came up. After leaving Mr. Brunk's they followed
the valley up, crossing the Arroyo forty-six times during a five mile ride.
With laughter and song they rode along, making the valley ring. The
favorite song over this part of the road was, 'One more river to cross.'
After riding for some time two of the ladies dismounted, letting their horses
follow at will. All went well until they came to the last crossing ; as the
stones looked safe, the girls thought they could hop over ; but alas ! a little
shriek, and in they went. If the gallant Chicagoan had not rushed to their

404 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

rescue, they might have floated to the sea. One of the young ladies thought the
ducking would not hurt her, as her grandfather was a Baptist. With their
lovely bloomer suits somewhat the worse for the fall, they came to the foot
of the mountain, and to climb the ' golden stair ' was next in order. The
'golden stair' is a path just wide enough for a horse or burro, cut in zig-
zag shape up the mountain side. The party was glad to reach the top of
the 'stairs' (4,600 feet above the sea), as it had been dark for some time,
making the precipice along which they had been riding look deeper and
more fearful than by daylight. Soon the lights of the camp fire were visible,
and a glad shout went up, but although they were now on the down grade
they could not go fast, and it was 8:40 when they reached Switzer's camp."

Prof. C. F. Holder's illustrated pamphlet entitled "The Highlands of
Pasadena," published in 1889, says:

"To thoroughly enjoy the beauties of the inner range, the services of
the genial Switzer should be obtained. The 'Commodore,' as his friends
term him, is the only dweller in the heart of the souihern sierras, and has a
camp about twelve [fourteen] miles from the valley, directly up the Arroyo.
He penetrated these wilds originally in search of health himself, and having
found it, is now engaged in enjoying it, and entertaining those who care to
see something of Southern California scenery behind the big wall. * * *
The ' Commodore's ' squadron consists of a band of burros trained to climb
the side of a house, trained to walk a tight-rope-like trail, and even to sing.
These faithful animals very slowly and surely take you into Switzer's in five
or six hours, making the trip twice a week." — p. 43-44.

Prof. Holder mentions in the same connection that a trail had been
made from Switzer's to the top of Mount Disappointment, and also one to

BarlKy Flats. — This is a table of land on a summit of the third range
back from Pasadena, presenting a tolerably level surface of perhaps 160
acres which is covered with a dense, rich growth of wild barley in its season;
this made it a regular deer pasture, and consequently a prowling place for
mountain lions seeking prey — and these conditions together had given the
place fame as a hunting ground for thirty years past, from I^os Angeles. It
could be reached by way of the old Wilson trail ; but after Switzer's trail
was made, that was the best and easiest route from lyOS Angeles or Pasadena
to Barley Flats.

Pine Flats. — This is another similar mountain-top area said to contain
about 320 acres. It is in the same range with Barley Flats, is reached by a
mountainous trail from Mount Wilson, and is a favorite summer resort for
Pasadena hunters and campers. It is well covered with pine and cedar trees,
some of which are 250 feet high and 7 feet in diameter. So say H. N.
Farey, K. Groenendyke, and others.

Brown's Trail. — See article "Brown's Peak," page 373.

GiDDiNGS's Trail. — The Valley Union of June 18, 1886, said :

"E. W. Giddings has planted an immense white flag on a mountain
summit next east of Millard canyon which is hereafter to be known as Gid-
dings's Peak, in honor of the famous old anti-slavery statesman of Ohio,

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 405

Hon, Joshua R. Giddings. Mr. Giddings is building a double trail to this
peak, so as to carry visitors up by way of Millard canyon and the falls. '
In his "Highlands" pamphlet of 1889, Prof. Holder said :
"The road to Millard canyon winds up by the Giddings ranch, then
dips into the deep canyon. * * A mile or more and the road ends, and a
footpath leads to the falls, one of the most attractive in the range. * *
To go beyond the fall the cliff must be climbed, the roots of great 3ive-oaks
forming supports. By keeping to the right the Giddings trail may be
reached, from which one of the finest views of the city and the San Gabriel
valley is obtained."

This Giddings trail was a burro path leading from Millard canyon up to
Giddings peak, which was the same point on the front range summit that is
now called "Grizzly Point" in the Mount lyOwe literature. And this
Grizzly Point is the ledge of rock where a bear is said to have sat and
laughed to see Gov. Markham, Charley Watts, David Townsend and E. G.
Halleck of the " Pasadena rifle team," running from him pell-mell down the
mountain side, in spring of 1882. [See Gov. Markham' s speech at the
Mount Ivowe celebration, August 23, 1893, in Chapter 23.]

UnclK Bob's Trail. — In going from Giddings Heights into Millard
canyon, or in crossing Millard creek on the road to Ivas Casitas, there will be
.seen an old road in the west wall of Millard canyon that looks too steep to
have ever been practicable for any wagon use ; yet this is where Uncle Bob
Owens, the colored man, hauled wood out from Negro canyon to supply the
U. S. headquarters and barracks at lyos Angeles with fuel, in 1862-3-4. It
was better to haul it up over the mountain spur above Negro canyon and
then down this fearful grade, rather than down the easier but far-around
Arroyo Seco route, and then up the high, steep bluff at Devil's Gate. [See
article, "Negro canyon," page 386.]

The Soledad Trail, or Grade. — Looking northwest from Pasadena,
there is seen a line cut along in a north and south direction on the mountain
side beyond and above I^as Casitas. This is where the traders of Los
Angeles set out in the year 1868, before the Southern Pacific R. R. was
built, to construct a wagon and stage road across the mountains to the
Soledad mining region, which was then a booming center of development.*
About six miles were completed as a wagon road, and six miles more
worked sufficiently to be used as a pack trail ; but the cost of the work
greatly exceeded estimates, and the time required proved to be double and
treble what was expected. Hence, as soon as it became settled that the S. P.
R. R. would build to Los Angeles, this wagon road project was abandoned ;
but the gulHed and ruined grade still remains to tell the story of a great
enterprise of the mining days in South California. In 1887 the business
men of Pasadena had a preliminary survey made over this same route

*Gold mining was going on at Soledad in 1S6S ; but silver and copper mining was a success there
earlier ; and in 1876 the place had a paper mill.

4o6 HisT^oRY OF pasade;na.

through the mountains, for the prospective Los Angeles and Salt lyake rail-
road, and claimed that the grade would be only about 87 feet to the mile.

Hodge's Traii,. — See " Hodge's Peak," page 374.

IviNDA Vista Trail. — See Linda Vista peak, page 374.

Fremont's Trail (?) — In one of Prof. Holder's books, and several of
the Board of Trade pamphlets, "Fremont's trail" is mentioned as one of
the objects of historic interest. Yet Fremont never "trailed" within ten
miles of it, [See page 68 for points.]

Carson's Trail, or the Loris Gold Mine Trail. — During 1893-94
Messrs. E). V. Carson and Jesse Dickey were engaged in developing their
gold mining claims in Pine canyon, and made a pack trail up the west wall
of the canyon for transporting the ore down from their mines on mules or
burros, to the wagon road in the mouth of the canyon. See article on
"Gold Mines," in Chapter 29.

RuBio Water Trail. — The Rubio Canyon Water Company has a trail
which starts at the foot of the east wall of the canyon, on Rubio farm, and
extends up the crest of the main ridge between Rubio and Pine canyons to
an elevation of over 3000 feet — then along the inner slope of the east wall
to some tunnels which the company has made in the waterbearing gulches
away in above the great Leontine Falls. For a romantic and interesting
mountain tramp this is not excelled. The Pine canyon gold mines can also
be reached by the same route. But the foot of this trail can onl}'^ be reached
by crossing the private enclosures of Rubio farm.

JOHN MUIR'S mountain CLIMB IN PASADENALAND.

Well, who is John Muir? Why, he is the man who has climbed more
mountains, walked more miles, lain out more nights, and discovered more
glaciers than any other man known to history. Glaciers was his hobby.
In Harper' s Monthly for November, 1875, he gives an account of the
" Living Glaciers of California "; and says he has discovered no less than
sixty-five of them in the Sierra Nevada mountains, between latitudes 36° 30'
and 39°, his first discovery being in October, 1871. These living glaciers
form the head fountains of the San Joaquin, the Tuolumne and the Owens
rivers. He was also the first explorer of the great Muir glacier of Alaska^
which rightly bears his name. He was the editor of a notable art-work
published in 1888, entitled " Picturesque California, and the region West of
the Rocky Mountains from Mexico to Alaska." Also author of the "Moun-
tains of California," published by the Century Co., New York, 1894.

John Muir was a classmate with Dr. O. H. Conger in the State Uni-
versity at Madison, Wis., when Dr. Ezra S. Carr of Pasadena held the chair
of Natural Science in that noble institution. Dr. Conger settled in Pasadena
in 1874; and in the summer [August] of 1875 John Muir came to visit him
and renew old acquaintanceship. At that time no man had ever gone from

DIVISION FIVK — NAMES. 407

Pasadena directly to the top of the mountains, and Muir made the venture
alone. Mrs. Conger baked three loaves of bread for him, and gave him
half a pound of tea, which he usually steeped by putting a little into a
bottle of cold water and laying the bottle on a rock in the warm sun-
shine. He carried no fire-arms, as he had conscientious scruples against
taking animal life, and hence used no meat food. With provisions and
blankets on his shoulder, he started, and was gone three days. When he
got back he was extremely hungry ; and Mrs. Conger writes :

' ' He said that in all his mountaineering he had never found any trip so
laborious as that, on account of the very thick growth of underbrush ; and
he had never found a view so fine as that from the top of these mountains."
In another note Mrs. Conger adds this interesting item : " He brought me
some tiger lily bulbs from the mountains, and I planted them in my yard,
where they have blossomed every year since [19 years] ; and I have always
called them my 'John Muir lilies.' "

He made his trip to the mountains by way of Eaton canyon ; and in an
article on "The Bee Pastures of California " published in the Century Maga-
zine of July, 1882, he gives some account of this mountain climb. It is the
first report on record of any trip or exploration from Pasadena to our imme-
diate mountain summits, and hence I quote a few paragraphs. He took one
day in getting from Pasadena to the mouth of Eaton canyon — camped there
over night with a native Mexican woodchopper, and in the morning walked
up to the Falls — then hard climbing commenced. Of this Mr. Muir writes:

' ' From the base of the falls I followed the ridge that forms the western
rim of the Eaton basin to the summit of one of the principal peaks, which is
about 5,000 feet above the sea level.* Then, turning eastward, I crossed the
middle of the basin, f forcing a way over its many subordinate ridges and
across its eastern rim, having to contend almost everywhere with the flow-
eriest and most impenetrable growth of honey bushes I have ever encount-
ered since first my mountaineering began. Most of the Shasta chaparral is
leafy nearly to the ground ; here the main stems are naked for three or four
feet, and interspiked with dead twigs, forming a stiff chevaux de frise through
which even bears make their way with difficulty. I was compelled to creep
for miles on all fours, and in following the bear-trails often found tufts of
hair on the bushes where they had forced themselves through.

" For a hundred feet or so above the fall the ascent was made possible
only by tough cushions of club-moss that clung to the rock. Above this,
the ridge weathers away to a thin knife-blade for a few hundred yards,
[Hence called " Muir's Knife-Blade Ridge." — Ed.] and thence to the sum-
mit of the range it carries a bristly mane of chaparral. Here and there
small openings occur in rock}' places, commanding fine views across the
cultivated valley to the ocean. These I found by the tracks were favorite
outlooks and resting-places for the wild animals — bears, wolves, foxes, wild-
cats, etc. — which abound here, and would have to be taken into account in the

*rhis is the peak which ascends to a culminating summit from Pine canyon, Rubio canyon and
Castle canyon — and forms part of the west wall of Eaton canyon and part of the south wall of Grand
Basin. It is " Muir's peak." See page 369.

fXhis is the " Grand Basin " of the Mount L,owe literature.

408 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

establishment of bee ranches. In the deepest thickets I found wood-rat vil-
lages— groups of huts four to six feet high, built of sticks and leaves in
rough, tapering" piles, like musk-rat cabins. I noticed a good many bees,
too — most of them wild. The tame honey-bees seemed languid and wing-
weary, as if they had come all the way up from the flowerless plain.

" After reaching the summit I had time to make only a hasty survey of
the basin, now glowing in the sunset gold, before hastening down into one
of the tributar}' canyons in search of water. Emerging from a particularly
tedious breadth of chaparral, I found mj^self free and erect in a beautiful park-
like grove of live-oak, the ground planted with aspidiums and brier-roses,
w^hile the glossy foliage made a close canopy overhead, leaving the gra}^
dividing trunks bare to show the beautj' of their plain, interlacing arches.*
The bottom of the canyon was drj' where I first reached it, but a bunch of
scarlet mimulus indicated water at no great distance, and I soon discovered
about a bucketful in the hollow of the rock. This, however, was full of
dead bees, wasps, beetles and leaves, well steeped and simmered in the hot
sunshine, and would, therefore, require boiling and filtering through fresh
charcoal before it could be made available. Tracing the drj^ channel about
a mile further down to its junction with a larger tributary canyon, [the one
that flows from Mount lyOwe down easterly through Grand Basin to a junc-
tion with Eaton canyon. — Ed.] I at length discovered a lot of boulder pools,
clear as cr^-stal, brimming full, and linked together by glistening streamlets
just strong enough to sing audibl}-. Flowers in full bloom adorned their
margins, lilies ten feet high, larkspurs, columbines and luxuriant ferns,
leaning and overarching in lavish abundance, while a noble old live-oak
spread its rugged arms over all. Here I camped, making my bed on smooth
cobble-stones."

Judging from his account, and from what I know of the same mountain
region and its present local designations, I conclude that he went up across
Grand Basin to Muir's Peak ; then down across the basin northwestwardly
to near where the head of Eaton canyon is lost in a pass or gap that leads
through to West San Gabriel canyon ; and crossing here ; he climbed up to
Precipicio Peak, and thence along to Knife-Blade Ridge ; but he evidently
had to descend before he reached Mount Wilson, on account of nightfall, and
came down somewhere in the trough of Henniger's Flat.

Dr. Carr had given college lectures on geology at Madison ; I heard
him myself on this theme in January, 1862, while I was there at the state
capital on some business connected with my army work as member for Wis-
consin of the United States Sanitary Commission ; and Mr. Muir, some time
after his Pasadena trip, told the Doctor that these were " f/ie 2vorst tumbled up
lot of mountai7is he had ever got into.'" This is accounted for by the fact that
these mountains were elevated by the crushing, jamming, mashing-together
process, from secular compression of the earth's crust, instead of from an
internal center of upheaval which produces the long, gradual incline and
anticline slopes of higher ranges farther inland.

In his book on ' ' The Mountains of California, ' ' published by the Cen-

*This was in the upper portion of the land now known as " Henniger's Flat."

DIVISION FIVE — NAMES. 409

tury Co., New York, in 1894, John Muir re-tells the story of his climb in
Eaton canyon, but with some variations, and he now makes the grave mis-
take in geography of supposing this canyon to be in the foot-slopes of " Old
Baldy." On page 376 he says :

" The fall, the flowers, the bees, the ferny rocks, and leafy shade form-
ing a charming little poem of wildness, the last of a series extending down
the flowery slopes of Mount San Antonio [' Old Baldy '] through the rug-
ged, foam-beaten bosses of the main Eaton canyon."

Then again on page 380, he .says :

"Next day, in the channel of a tributary that heads on Mount San
Antonio [?] I passed about fifteen or twenty gardens like the one in which I
slept "; etc.

As Mount San Antonio is about sixty miles away from Eaton canyon,
in another and entirely different range of mountains, this is a singular error ;
and I can onl\- account for it bj- supposing that he mistook San Gabriel
peak, which does furni.sh a tributary- to Eaton canyon, for Mount San An-
tonio.

Engineer MajcT*herv.»n. Prof. Lowe. E- J. Shrader,

from Biker IroD Works.

TOP OF ECHO MOUNTAIN, APRIL 12, 1892.
Breaking ground for the grade of Uie Great Incline, or Electric Cable Railroad.

4IO HISTORY OF PASADEJNA.

DIVISION SIX— BUSINESS.

CHAPTER XXI.

Water Companies. — The colony's water supply. — Ditches, pipes, and reservoirs. —
The water war. — Water measurements and adjustments. — Votes and equities. —
Sketch of ten different water companies.

THE SAN GABRIEL ORANGE GROVE ASSOCIATION.

The original colony association that settled Pasadena was in fact a
mutual land and water company, and the water interests, plans and pros-
pects claimed earnest attention from the beginning. When Calvin Fletcher,
A. O. Porter and Judge Eaton were appointed as an executive board for the
Association, they agreed that Fletcher should take special charge of the
work of subdividing and platting the land ; Eaton should take special
charge of the water supply work; and Porter stood as coadjutor to both.
The Association was formally organized November 13, 1873 ; but it took
time to bring about all the requisite preliminaries for actual work, and it did
not have existence as a corporation under the laws of California until De-
cember 13, 1873, the date of its state certificate. Then on December 20,
they voted to authorize their proper officers to purchase tracts One, Two^
Three, Four, of Rancho San Pasqual, from John S. Griihn. The Associa-
tion office was then at No. 32 Main street, lyos Angeles. [For particulars
of the purchase, the incidental difficulties, etc., see pages 78 to 80, 107-08,
124, etc.]

The first transaction I found recorded in regard to the water business
was January 17, 1874, when Miles & Holbrook of Eos Angeles offered the
lowest bid to make and lay for the Association an ii-inch water pipe, from
Devil's Gate to the reservoir on Orange Grove Avenue; and Eaton, Porter
and Gibson were authorized to make the contract. Reservations had been
made of reservoir sites at five different points, but this on Orange Grove
Avenue was the main one. On February 4th B. S. Easton was formally
appointed as superintendent of construction of bed or ditch for the water
pipe, and he went on with the work. Meanwhile the settlers themselves
did some work toward excavating for the reservoir. On May 4th a bill of
$585.47 " for work done on the reservoir and water pipe " was ordered paid.
But the early records are very meager and incomplete with regard to the
Association's business transactions. On May 23d I found this record :
"The charge of the reservoir till further action of the board, was confided
to the care of Judge Eaton."

On March 20th A. O. Bristol and Calvin Fletcher had resigned from the
board of directors, and Col. J. Banbury and N. R. Gibson were elected in
their steads. Then on June 27th Col. Banbury was appointed on the water

I

4IO HISTORY OF PASADENA.

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS.

CHAPTER XXI.

Water Companies. — The colony's water supply. — Ditches, pipes, and reservoirs. —
The water war. — Water measurements and adjustments. — Votes and equities. —
Sketch of ten different water companies.

THE SAN GABRIEL ORANGE GROVE ASSOCIATION.

The original colony association that settled Pasadena was in fact a
mutual land and water company, and the water interests, plans and pros-
pects claimed earnest attention from the beginning. When Calvin Fletcher,
A. O. Porter and Judge Eaton were appointed as an executive board for the
Association, they agreed that Fletcher should take special charge of the
work of subdividing and platting the land ; Eaton should take special
charge of the water supply work; and Porter stood as coadjutor to both.
The Association was formally organized November 13, 1873 ; but it took
time to bring about all the requisite preliminaries for actual work, and it did
not have existence as a corporation under the laws of California until De-
cember 13, 1873, the date of its state certificate. Then on December 20,
they voted to authorize their proper officers to purchase tracts One, Two^
Three, Four, of Rancho San Pasqual, from John S. GriiTin. The Associa-
tion office was then at No. 32 Main street, Los Angeles. [For particulars
of the purchase, the incidental difficulties, etc., see pages 78 to 80, 107-08,
124, etc.]

The first transaction I found recorded in regard to the water business
was January 17, 1874, when Miles & Holbrook of Eos Angeles offered the
lowest bid to make and lay for the Association an 11 -inch water pipe, from
Devil's Gate to the reservoir on Orange Grove Avenue ; and Eaton, Porter
and Gibson were authorized to make the contract. Reservations had been
made of reservoir sites at five different points, but this on Orange Grove
Avenue was the main one. On February 4th B. S. Easton was formally
appointed as superintendent of construction of bed or ditch for the water
pipe, and he went on with the work. Meanwhile the settlers themselves
did some work toward excavating for the reservoir. On May 4th a bill of
$585.47 " for work done on the reservoir and water pipe " was ordered paid.
But the early records are very meager and incomplete with regard to the
Association's business transactions. On May 23d I found this record :
"The charge of the reservoir till further action of the board, was confided
to the care of Judge Eaton."

On March 20th A. O. Bristol and Calvin Fletcher had resigned from the
board of directors, and Col. J. Banbury and N. R. Gibson were elected in
their steads. Then on June 27th Col. Banbury was appointed on the water

/.

/ .

^r**^r

^^~

".S^,

il^i^^^l

' -y^^

!^1^1&^^

WOOD <&. CHURCH'S BIRD'S-EYE

The Columbia School.

6 — The Painter Hotel,

7 — The Washington School.

8 — I.AS FloTO Canyon.

9 - Altadena.

lo — Kubio Canyon.

1 i — Washington HeighU [Monks Hil!].

1 2 — Mount T»we Observatory .

I J — The Franklin School,

14 — Free Methodist Church.

15— Throop Polytechnic Inrtituie, We»t 1

16 — ChrialUn Church.

- First Nation.3l Bank Block

-I/3S Angeles Terminal R. R. Dejiot.
-Congregatio'ial Church.
-The Garfield School.
-Catholic Church and School.

- Hotel Green
^Woostcr Block.
-Santa Fe R, R. Depot.
-Pasadena Minuracturing Co.'s Plant.

- Methodist F.piacopal Church.

31— Spalding's Family Hotel.
3a — Carlton Hotel,

-Universalist Church.

-Wood & Church's O

- German M. E, Church.

-The Lincoln School.
„ -Tlie Wilson High School
I — Episcopal Church,

4 — Echo Mountain House.

5 — Prof. I.owe'sCily Gas Works.
6— Santa Fe R. R. Freight Depot.
7— Calvary Prcsbyterion Church.

8 — Cannery and Crystaliziilg Works.

- Fair Oaks Station. Santa Fe Line.
Lamanda Park School,

- F.piscopal Church, Lamonda Park,
-lititon Canyon.

- Sierra Mndre Villa (Hotel).

- ViUiige iif Sierra Madre

- Mt, I.o

- Las CaM

t Electric Power House at Altadeuii.

6a — Millard Cnnyoi

Giddiiigs Peak [Echo Pinecrest].

San Gabriel Peak.
■ CasUe Canyon,
-Echo Canyon,

Leontine Falls.

- Pine Canyon.
-John Muir's Peak.

- Precipicio Peak.

- Harvard Telescope Point.

- Mount Harvard Promontory.

- Pyramid Peak.

8--HeumgcrsFIat.

Q^ Mount Wilson Toll Road. [and (

10- Pasadena aud Los Angeles Electric »

\

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 4I I

committee, vice Gibson, absent. On July 13th the directors held a meeting
at the sand-box [Devil's Gate] ; and from this time onward their meetings
were held in the colony [at the Secretary's house] instead of at Los Angeles.
On August 8th Col. Banbury was appointed to take charge of water distri-
bution and issue the permits. And he was thus the first Zanjero of Pasa-
deua.

September 12, 1874, mention is made of the lime kiln, and of Banbury
and Croft as a committee to look after it ; but no further particulars. Then
on October 3d it is mentioned that Eaton and Clapp were authorized to em-
ploy a man to chop wood for burning two kilns of lime. [This lime kiln
and lime quarry were right where the lyincoln Park reservoir is now, in
South Pasadena ; and the lime was wanted for cementing the Orange Grove
reservoir, and making cement pipe, etc. — Ed.] On November 7th occurs
the first mention of Charles Morgan & Co. [of I,os Angeles] as the con-
tractors for excavating the reservoir, although, as I learn from other sources,
they had been at work on it from March ; and water was let into one basin
of the reservoir, not yet cemented, about the first of July.

On November 12, 1874, occurred the first annual meeting of the Associa-
tion. The treasurer reported $2,862.63 on hand. The Superintendent of
water works reported the cost and capacity of the system ; but no further
particulars appear in the record. It is strangely deficient. The vote on
board of directors for ensuing year is recorded thus : For Eaton, 152 shares
voted; Berry, 136; Croft, 150; Porter, 152; Banbury, 138; Gibson, 146;
Dr. O. H. Conger, 78. The secretary reported having filed a claim to water
in Millard canyon. [This was to supply their body of land now known as
Altadena, which then had no water right. And this reported filing seems
to have failed to stick, for they finally sold the land without any water right
attached. — Ed.]

The colony's water service went on without any particular difiiculty
from year to year, and was finally turned over to their first-born heir and
successor, the Pasadena lyand and Water Company.

The families that came here to live before the water pipe was laid to the
reservoir had to haul water from the Arroyo, except Bristol ; he got permis-
sion from B. D. Wilson to tap the old Wilson ditch where it came out on
the mesa, and from there he made a plow-furrow ditch down to his place,
to serve until the colony pipe was laid. This special advantage seems to
have determined Bristol's choice of his colony lot.

THK PASADENA LAND AND WATER CO.

This company was the successor of the original San Gabriel Orange
Grove Association ; and the beginnings or forecast of it is indicated in a let-
ter written by D. M. Graham to the Riverside Press July 13, 1880, thus :

' ' An association of fifteen of the land owners on the ' ' Indiana ' ' side

412

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

of the settlement are making preparations to pump Sheep Corral spring
water for their own use until the colony is ready to pay them for their works
and take the water with the works. This will give the fifteen a superabun-
dance of water, and give the rest of the colonists the water the fifteen now
use, which is nearly half the present developed supply. This is hailed with
delight as the solution of the problem of further water development which
has frequently agitated us."

But the new company was not incorporated until March i8, 1882, ac-
cording to the county records. And the first record I found of a meeting
was on April 21, 1882. The following names were then given as share-
holders in the new company :

S. Washburn 2

O. H. Conger 2

Jeanne C. Carr 6

W. C. Ivukens 1/3

Mrs. M. S. Hill 4

Chas. R. Foote 2

W. G. Watson i

B. Tallmadge i

M. H. & C. Iv. Foote i)4

A. K. M'Quilling 1/3

C. H. Watts 5

W. S. Hanaford i

Joseph Wallace 4

J. H. Baker 2

B. F. Ball 2

B. S. Eaton 2

P. M. Green 6>4

A. O. Porter 4

F. S. Clapp 3

Thos. Nelmes 4

Mrs. E. A. Croft 4

S. B. Hunt 3

Elizabeth Whittier Vs

Edson Turner 2

H. G. Bennett 3>^

W. T. Holmes i

D. M. &M. C. Graham 2

F. W. Greene 2

J . Weingarth 3

Geo. Weingarth 2

E. F. Graves i

E. F. Hurlbut 2

F. E. Chapman 4

Mrs. M. A. Risley i

W. J. Bennett 2}4

H. N. Rust 4

E. H. lyockwood i

John Ross 2

Geo. Ivightfoot 3

O. R. Dougherty 6

A. F. Mills I

W. T. Clapp 3

F. A Clapp I

H. H. Markham 3

Mrs. R. C. Ivocke 4

H. ly. Bryant i

J. S. Mills I

A. O. Bristol 2

James Smith 7

H. J. Holmes 3

W. J. F. Barcus i

Mrs. Mary S. Mosher 2

Elisha M illard i

E. A. Steele i

Alex. Edwards i

J. H. Ellis , I

J. H. lyowell I

W. H. Childs y2

James Cam bell 4^

Mrs. h. Gilmore 4

The first board of directors were O. R. Dougherty, P. M. Green, S.
Washburn, H. G. Bennett, A. O. Porter, C. H. Watts, and E. Turner.
The first officers were: Dougherty, pres't ; Green, vice pres't; Bennett,
sec'y ; Washburn, treas.; A. K. M'Quilling, zanjero [superintendent].

This water company being composed entirely of members of the colony
association (and its officers the same), worked in harmony with it. The
colony association had been incorporated November 13, 1873, for a term of

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 413

ten years ; hence it was necessary to form this permanent company within the
colony, to attend to the very important business of the water supply after
the original incorporation should expire ; and thus it came into its heritage
and managed the water service some months before the property was form-
ally conveyed to them. They fixed their capital stock at $50,000, in 200
shares of $250 each.

At a meeting of the San Gabriel Orange Grove Association, October 27,
1883, a resolution was adopted io convey {or one dollar in gold coin, all its
water interests to the Pasadena lyand and Water Co. The items of property
conveyed are described in full length of legal technicalities and details, from
which I here summarize a few points of historic interest :
Arroyo lots 33 and 49. [Springy land.]
Reservation known as "Church Hill." [Columbia Hill.]
Reservations located on the Holmes tract, the Lockhart tract, and the

• Croft tract.
Undivided half of Thibbets' springs, etc.
The Sheep-Corral springs, and the reserved lands and waters in the Arroyo

bed ; also the pumping works, pipes, reservoirs, etc.
Its interest in the Elliott & Richardson tract ; and in lot No. 2 of L,a

Canyada ; and an undivided three-tenths interest in sundry other lands

and water rights.
All other rights, interests, properties and obligations of the San Gabriel

Orange Grove Association.

O. R. Dougherty as president, and H. G. Bennett as secretary, were
empowered and directed to execute this conveyance in due form of law.
And thereupon the old colony association ceased to exist as a corporate body.

Mr. Dougherty served the new company as president continuously
until April, 1891, when he was succeeded by Mr. McQuilling, who had
served five years as superintendent. Mr. Bennett had served as secretary
of the colony association three years, and has been secretary of this water
company continuously from its organization until now — 1895.

As population increased it was found necessary to divide up the water
shares into smaller values, in order to provide for a mere " domestic water
service " to families owning only a village lot. And to meet this rapidly
growing need, the company voted on November 16, 1885, to increase their
capital stock up to $75,000, and make the shares number 3,000 instead of 200,
and at $25 instead of $250 each. This was preparing for the "boom."
During 1885-86 occurred the " water war," — but as it was chiefly confined
to the L,ake Vineyard side of the colony, I have given its chief historic
points in my sketch of the Pasadena I,ake Vineyard Land and Water Co.
However, as an incident connected with the controversies of that time, I
quote the following historic document :

WATER SUPPLY.

A. K. McQuilling, Esq.— J/j' Dear Sir : After carefully going over
the calculations from the measurements of the water supply of the Pasadena

414 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Water Company, taken yesterday by me, with your kind assistance, I find
the results to be as follows :

MINERS INCHES.

The total flow from Thibbets springs 56.6

Of which there passes into the Pasadena Water Company's pipe 34.0

Remainder flowing to the Pasadena Lake Vineyard Water Co.'s dam ....22.6

Including 2.2 seepage :

The flow of the Ivy springs, passing down to the P. ly. V.'s dam 10.9

Total flow of the Flutterwheel springs 26.5

Recapitulating, the aggregate shows as follows :

Thibbets springs 56.6

Ivy springs 10. g

Flutterwheel springs 26.5

Total 94.0

Of which the Pasadena Water Company receives 34 miner's inches, and the
Pasadena L,ake Vineyard Water Company 60 miner's inches. (A miner's
inch equals 1-50 cubic foot per second, or 1728 cubic feet, or 13,000 gallons
in 24 hours.)

As I understand the respective rights of the two companies to the
various springs, the Pasadena Water Company is entitled to 11-20 of the
Thibbets springs, and i-io of the Ivy and Flutterwheel springs. Applying
these proportions to the above figures of volume now flowing, the Pasadena
Water Company would be entitled to 34-89 miner's inches. As we have
seen, according to the present mode of division, this company is actually
receiving 34 miner's inches, which may be considered very close to the
mark, taking the many complications into consideration, and reflects much
credit upon the zanjero who arranged the device for dividing the water so
evenly.

I think a tunnel properly located will develop and concentrate all the
water in the vicinity of the Devil's Gate, and I should be greatly deceived
if it did not double the volume now flowing. The advantage it would pos-
sess over all other methods of diversion of water would be its permanence,
and the fact that floods would not affect the quality nor interrupt the flow
of the water, which would enter the pipes free from sand, leaves, insects,
or any impurity.

James D. Schuyler, Asst. State Engineer.

Los Angeles, November 4, 1886.

During 1887-88, the two companies finally agreed-upon terms of owner-
ship and division of the waters at Devil's Gate, and made extensive im-
provements, including a large union delivery pipe from the Gate down to
Reservoir No. i, in place of the old " Wilson ditch " which had before sup-
plied the Lake Vineyard side, while the Orange Grove side had an ii-inch
sheet iron pipe ot their own from Thibbets springs to the Orange Grove
reservoir. On November 9, 1888, water was first run through this union
pipe to Reservoir No. i. Here it was divided in proportion of 7-10 to the
Orange Grove Company, and 3-10 to the Lake Vineyard Company, by a
simple device arranged by the engineer. Col. J. E. Place. It was a brass
double gate perforated with 4-inch holes — seven in a row in one gate and

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 415

three in a row in the other. The friction, the pressure, and the water level
are equal, through each perforation, and thus the flowage through each is
equal, and divides the waters in proper proportion to each company con-
tinuously, whatever the amount of the main supply may be.

January 22, 1891, the company voted to borrow $50,000 to carry on
some necessary improvements, and accordingly issued its bonds at 7 per
cent, per annum, interest payable semi-annually. This money was used
towards tunneling and piping at Devil's Gate ; enlarging and cementing the
Orange Grove reservoir ; laying a large new main down Orange Grove
Avenue, and a new ii-inch steel pipe to the South Pasadena reservoir ; put-
ting in a new pumping plant at Sheep Corral springs ; building a sub-
merged dam there; extending and improving their pipelines; etc. Concern-
ing some of these matters I have gleaned a few points and dates. The Star
of August 26, 1 891, said :

"City Engineer J. W. Sedwick has prepared drawings and specifications
for the work proposed to be done near Devil's Gate by the two water com-
panies for increasing the flow of water from the vicinity of Flutterwheel
springs down to the sand-box. It involves the laying of about 500 feet of
22-inch steel pipe, 350 feet of which will be laid in a 4x6 tunnel under the
hill. It is estimated that the work will cost about $2,500."

The same paper of September 2 said:

" At a meeting of the executive committee of the Pasadena Land and
Water Company, held yesterday, the contract for laying 2,100 feet of ii-inch
steel pipe, to replace the cement pipe to the South Pasadena reservoir, was
let to E. White, Sons & Co."

And September 14 it said:

"Contracts were signed today by the officers of the Lake Vineyard and
the Pasadena Land and Water Companies and Carmichael, Reed & Gillead,
for the work of tunneling at Devil's Gate."

From a report of expenditures in 1893 I quote these items: Income:
bonds sold, $27,000; water dues, all classes, total, $13,553.93. Expendi-
tures— Orange Grove reservoir, $5,132.35; pump, boiler and oil plant,
$7,356-50; work at Devil's Gate, $1,811.59; work at sheep corral springs,
$5,215.75 ; fuel, $1,956.59. These are the items of special historic interest.
But the total income for this year was $41,774.07 ; and total outlay, $38,-
482.53.

It was in May, 1892, that an oil cistern was built under the Los Angeles
Terminal railroad, a few rods north of the North Orange Grove Avenue cros-
sing, and an oil pipe laid from there to the pumping works, so as to use crude
petroleum instead of coal for fuel. And it was in 1892-3 that the submerged
dam was built, 22 feet from its top down to bed rock at deepest point. [Find
full account of this dam in Daily Star, December 19, 1892.]

In 1894 the pumps were started April 18, and run 13 hours per day,
making 212 strokes per minute, and lifting 60,000 gallons of water per hour,

4x6

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

with a dead pressure resistance on the up-pipe to the reservoir of about 65
pounds per square inch. The apparatus is Worthington's compound duplex
condensing steam pump. These data I gathered from C. H. Hovey, the
engineer in charge of these works in 1894-5.

The Weekly Star oi August 8, 1894, gives an estimate by Thomas D.
Allin, civil engineer of the two water companies, that the daily flowage at
Devil's Gate was about 225 miner's inches, or about two and a half million
gallons per day on April i , 1894. I^ut the dry season, by July 15, had reduced
the flow to 179 inches ; and there was no perceptible diminution after that
date.

Water Rates. — Secretary Bennett, in an article published March 4,
1895, said :

"We have upon our books the names of 750 householders, and of this
number 550 pay a monthly rate of $1.25 to $1.60 inclusive; 100 pay $1.65
to $2 inclusive, and 100 pay over $2. These are the rates for eight months
of the year. During the four hot summer months, July, August, Septem-
ber and October, an additional charge is made for lawn sprinkling, as fol-
lows: All lawns 20x30 feet, or containing 600 square feet, are exempt;
lawns exceeding 600 square feet, and up to 5000 square feet, are charged 25
cents per 1000 square feet; 5000, and above 5000 square feet, 15 cents
per 1000. statistical exhibit.

The following table was compiled expressly for this work by Secretary
H. G. Bennett, at my request, to show the historic progress year by year of
the business of this company, whose territory was entirely west of Fair
Oaks and L,incoln Avenues, but included South Pasadena also :

Year.

Income.

Expenditures.

Year.

Income.

Expenditures.

1882-'*

$14,842=*=
17,466
7,071
5.150
20,902
29,588
26,565

$14,557

16,655

6,817

4.987
12,401

27.355
26,368

1889—90. ....

$11,199
10,742
32.563+
41.774
18,627

i7,5i4§

$10,685
10,073
32,014

38,483
12,706

15,412

1883-4

1890—91

1884-5

1885-6

1891— 9''

1892-93

i8q'^— Qd.

1886-7

1887-8

1894-95

1888-9

'

The company now has 10 miles of water pipe in use. The total value
of its water rights, lands, tunnels, dams, pipes, pumping works, reservoirs,
etc., is $250,000. Bonded debt, $50,000. Up to April, 1895, it had issued
825 water permits. The permanent employees are only three : Secretary at
office ; superintendent on pipelines ; watchman at water sources. A steam
engineer has to be employed to run the pumping works during the dry

montJlS. PASADENA LAKE VINEYARD LAND AND WATER CO.

See page 112, and following, for an account of the second subdivision
of colony lands in Pasadena, which was made by B. D. Wilson in 1886,
under the name of " L,ake Vineyard I^and and Water Association."

* Assessments and water dues. J Bonds and water dues, g Water dues only. '

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 417

In a few years it became desirable or necessary to put the management
of the colony's water business into the hands of business men on the
ground ; and on July 11, 1883, a deed was made by the original I^ake Vine-
yard Co. and the Orange Grove Co. to A. O. Porter and others as a syndi-
cate. January 29, 1884, the people on the L,ake Vineyard side formed a new
organization under the name of ' ' Pasadena Lake Vineyard Land and Water
Co.," with $75,000 subscribed, and on February 5 filed their articles of in-
corporation with the county clerk. Capital stock, $250,000, in 5,000 shares
of $50 each. The incorporators and first board of directors were S. Town-
send, C. C. Thompson, C. C. Brown, Samuel Stratton, G. T. Stamm, C. A.
Clark, J. W. Wood. Townsend was elected president, Brown, treasurer,
and H. W. Magee, secretary. There were now three different water com-
panies besides " the syndicate " doing business in Pasadena, and the "water
question " became a strangely mixed muddle of confusion. The Union of
March 15, 1884, said : " About 250 feet of the main ditch [cement] on the
Lake Vineyard Co. 's lands were washed out by the late storm. A wooden
flume is being put in ; and an assessment of 45 cents per share has been
levied to repair damages."

April 26, 1884, the Union mentioned that "over 3,000 shares of the
P. L. V. L. and W. Co.'s stock had been subscribed, or about $150,000."
Yet the same paper of September 6 said complainingly : ' ' Six months
have elapsed since the new company was chartered, yet only about half the
old company stockholders have attended to changing their stock."

In the Union of September 27, 1884, three members of the syndicate,
H. W. Magee, Geo. K. Meharry, and James Clarke, offered to sell to the
new company their holdings in the L. V. Association at a pro rata on $5,000
for the entire property — springs, flumes, ditches, pipes, reservoirs, etc.
And accordingly the Unio?i of December 20, 1884, contained an official
notice that an election would be held by the new company on January 10,
1885, to accept or reject this proposition from these men, and from any other
holders of the old stock who might offer it on the same terms before the day
of this election. The paper of same date contained also two other notices
by the new company — one of an assessment of twelve cents per share to
pay debts necessarily incurred, amounting to $351.75 ; and one for an elec-
tion of a new board of directors on January 26, 1885, to serve one year
from February 4. The election of January 10, on the syndicate proposition,
resulted in 1166 shares voted for accepting it, and 135 shares against.

But this vote did not seem to settle anything ; and for some months
following there was warm discussion, sometimes even acrimonious, through
the newspaper by a variety of water doctors, each making his own diagnosis
of the colony's water ailments, and prescribing his own infallible cure-all.
The two principal companies were designated as "west-side" and "east-
side"; they owned certain water-bearing lands or springs in common, with

27

4l8 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

diflferent proportions of water right. The titles and boundaries, and the
methods of gathering and dividing the waters were all somewhat vague,
giving rise to disputes, and at last to costly and fruitless lawsuits — in fact,
a hot dispute once occurred near Devil's Gate, when shotguns were bran-
dished, and threats of "ducking" in the ditch, etc., were indulged in. And
these doughty belligerents still survive, as veterans of the "water war."
The Umo?i of July 17, 1885, contained a brief report of a mass meeting
held in Williams hall on the 13th, at which Geo. E. Meharry presided,
Chas. A. Gardner served as secretary, and C. C. Brown was the principal
speaker — all on the " water question." The same date of paper also had a
report of a general public picnic held at Devil's Gate on the 15th for speech
making, questioning, discussion, and investigation of the "water question"
under the auspices of this new company, of which C. C. Brown was then
president.* And the same paper also contained the following announce-
ment :

"A public meeting of the citizens of Pasadena in the interest of a
peaceful settlement of the water question is called for Saturday evening,
July 18, at Williams Hall. Let all who desire a peaceful settlement of our
unfortunate difficulties be present and lend their influence to that laudable
end. Signed

" J. Banbury. S. Townsend. B. F. Bryant.

R. Williams. H. W. Magee. A. A. Williamson.

Albert Ninde. J. E. Clarke. D. M. Graham.

S. D. Bryant. Ridgway & Ripley. H. H. Markham.
M. M. Parker. Chas. Eegge. P. M. Green. "

Eyman Allen.
These are historic waymarks on the road through the colony wilderness
up to the goodly land of promise, as we now have it. The next issue of the
paper reported that the "peace" meeting was held on Monday instead of
Saturday ; and it resulted in a formal request for a joint committee :

From the Pasadena E. V. Land and Water Co 4

From the Eake V. Land and Water Association i

From the Pasadena Eand and Water Co 3

To confer together, and devise and recommend some plan or terms of settle-
ment of the existing difficulties.

This movement, however, produced no visible results, for the new
company had a family skeleton in their own closet. Their vote on the syndi"
cate proposition, January loth, was for some reason not satisfactory; and in
October it was tried again on the same proposition, the names of H. F.
Goodwin and O. S. Picher being added to those of Magee, Meharry and
Clarke. The result was reported in the Union of October 9, 1885, thus :

"The election held Saturday [October 3, 1885], by stockholders of the
Pasadena Eake Vineyard Eand and Water Company to decide upoii buying

*I attended this picnic; and it was then that I first noticed and called attention of friends to the pecu-
liarly marked rocks there, which I have since identified and described as "slickensides," " glacial enam-
elings," and " water carvings."

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS.

419

out the syndicate resulted in almost a unanimous vote for the measure —
1,677.12 shares being voted for it, and 291.78 against."

Yet even this did not end the trouble, for the controversy still went on
by tongue, and through the press. And the Unio7i of October i6th con-
tained ofiicial notice that on October 10, 1885, the directors had ordered an
assessment of 45 cents per share on the stock, payable on or before Novem-
ber 1 2th, to purchase the interest of John Allin, O. S. Picher and H. F.
Goodwin in the syndicate lands — the amount being $312.50 for each in-
terest ; also to pay $337.65 of debts legally incurred by the company. This
was called "Assessment No. 3." I suppose the 12 cents levy was No. i ;
and I did not find No. 2.

On January 23, 1886, another mass meeting was held in Williams Hall,
of which the Union [29th] said: "The water meeting Saturday evening
was a large and exciting o?te." Abbot Kinney presided. C. T. Hopkins
and C. C. Brown locked horns on the matters in controversy, and were the
principal speakers. But short speeches were also made by C. C. Thompson,
Dr. Lyman Allen, S. Washburn, O. S. Picher, Samuel Stratton, H. W.
Magee, Geo. E. Meharry, and some others — all boiling hot on the "water
question." On the ensuing Monday another election took place ; and as to
its points, purposes, and results, I quote from the Union of January 29,
1886, the following :

" The water election Monday, January 25th, was the great event of the
winter, and drew out an immense amount of interest on both sides. These
sides may be designated as the old board of directors, and the opposition
thereto, the latter indicating a difference of opinion with said old board as to
management of the Company. The friends of the old board put in nomina-
tion C. C. Brown, M. H. Weight, A. V. Dunsmore and W. Freeman. The
opposition thereto named S. Townsend, Justus Brockway, H. F. Goodwin,
Thomas Banbury and R. Williams. Mr. Townsend however, withdrew
early in the fight, leaving the ticket, like the other with only four, and these
prevailed over the old board by a total vote of 7,138 shares to 4,830 shares.
The amount of stock voted was 3,010 shares, indicating a most creditable
interest in the affairs of the Company, for only about 3,300 shares have been
issued. Each stockholder, of course, voted according to the number of his
shares. These shares he might divide among different candidates, or con-
centrate all on a lesser number — even down to one. It thus follows that
the vote is presented in two different ways — first as indicating the number of
shares voted for each, and second, as showing the number of votes each
received by this cumulative process. Taken on the first basis — that of
shares, the vote was as follows :

BY SHARES. BY VOTES.

Brockway 1,625 S^? Brockway 2,845

Goodwin 1,742 2-7 Goodwin 3,049

Banbury 1,675 i"? Banbury 2,932

Williams 1,631 3-7 Williams 2,855

Brown 2,0644-7 Brown 3>6i3

Weight 952 4-7 Weight 1,667

Dunsmore 886 2-7 Dunsmore i,55i

Freeman 9266-7 Freeman 1,622

Townsend 464

420 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

"The elect therefore are Messrs. Justus Brockway, H. F. Goodwin,
Thomas Banbury, R. Williams, C. C. Brown, M. H. Weight, and W. Free-
man, the term of which new board is for one year from February 4th. The
proposed amendment to the By-L,aws was defeated.

"The result of this, of course, is a change in the policy of the Com-
pany, the only point at issue in the election being a difference of opinion as
to the wisdom of settling certain unsettled points between this and the old
' ' Orange Grove ' ' Company on terms proposed by the latter. The old
board have held those terms to be unjust and have steadily declined a settle-
ment on that basis. Many of the stock-holders differed with them in opin-
ion, and it was on this difference of opinion that the opposition ticket was
nominated and elected. A settlement ot the long-vexed " water question "
may therefore be expected at once, and to that end one of the first acts of
the new board will be to submit the question to a vote of the stock holders."

The question was so submitted again on May 4th, 1886, and here is the

Union's report :

THE WATER QUESTION SETTLED.

"Tuesday's vote gave the following result :

No. of persons voting for the proposition 1 36

No. against 28

Majority by persons 168

Or nearly five to one.

No. of shares voted for the proposition 1,855.78

No. against 725-31

Majority by shares 1,130.47

Or about two and a half to one.

"It is a grand result for every future interest of the colony ; and let it
go abroad to all the world, with no uncertain sound, that Pasadena no
longer has a " water question." That has been settled at once and forever,
in the genuine American way, by the free and voluntary suffrages of those
who were lawful voters in the case."

January i, 1889, the lands, reservoirs, pipes, etc., of this company were
valued at $154,403.26; and during that year new pipes were laid to the
amount of $9,577.88.

During the year 1892, the company expended $50,112.22 in tunneling,
reservoiring, pipelaying, etc. Two miles of 4-inch pipe was laid from Res-
ervoir No. I direct to the Raymond hotel, for special use of the hotel and
its grounds. During this year and 1893, the old colony mudhole known as
Reservoir No. 2 was deepened, its earth walls raised and strengthened, the
entire inside cemented, and 5,000 feet of 16-inch steel pipe laid from Reser-
voir No. I as the feed-pipe to No. 2. Its storage capacity is 21,000,000
gallons — the largest cemented reservoir in South California at the time.
And Villa street was opened straight across the lower end of the old reser-
voir site, instead of circling around it as before. It was during these years
that the extensive tunneling operations were carried on at Devil's Gate to

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. , 42 1

increase the quantity and improve the quahty of the city's water supply.
The secretary reported in 1893, twenty-four ofiicial meetings of the directors ;
146 permits issued ; and 288 transfers of stock.

During 1894, this company paid $4,550 toward the purchase of water
bearing lands known as the Elliott & Richardson tract, to gain entire con-
trol of both the land and the water jointly with the other company, and put
a stop to any further disputes or legal difficulties about it. The two com-
panies joined in this purchase, and then worked together in tunneling for
more water at these Richardson springs, and also at the Wilson springs
about one-eighth mile farther south. Contracts were let to G. D. McGillard
and D. F. Carmichael. And the secretary's annual report on these tunnel-
ings presents a few points as to water-supply, water measurement, etc.,
which are of permanent historic interest, and I quote his language :

" Both tunnels are being prosecuted at the same time, with the result at
the close of 1894 in a gain of 99 miners' inches,* which, with the former flow
from the Flutterwheel springs tunnel, the Ivy and Thibbets springs, viz.,
178 miner's inches, makes a total of 277 miner's inches — 7-10 of that amount
as our proportion, being equal to 2,512,944 gallons per day, a sufficient
amount to supply a population of 6,000 persons or 1,200 families with 418
gallons per capita per day. Statistics from other cities show that in 1894,
Philadelphia used 160 gallons per capita per day, Chicago 150, New York
95 and Boston 90."

During 1894 the company's revenue from all sources was $8,000 more
than in 1893 ; its sale of water alone amounted to $3,683.09 ; and it reduced
its indebtedness by $11,500.

C. C. Brown has been a member of the board of directors of this com-
pany continuously from its first organization in 1884 — the only man enjoy-
ing this distinction, and he is thus the veteran survivor of " many wars."
The successive secretaries of the company have been H. W. Magee, J. W.
Wood, C. A. Sawtelle, R. Wilhams, E. E. Fordham— and lastly John Hab-
bick continuously since July, 1887. Albert H. Ninde has been inspector
(or zanjero as the Spaniards called it) continuously from 1884 until 1895.

On account of bickerings and strifes, differences of opinion, legal con-
tests, charter rules and limitations not adapted to the practical necessities of
the situation, and lack of funds to pay for proper clerical work, the books
and records of the first four years are very incomplete. From the records as
they are, and other sources, I have compiled the following table in chrono-
logical order :

*A miner's inch, Pasadena measure, is thus officially explained by the company : " An inch of
water that is equal to 17,000 gallons of water every 24 hours, or about 100 pounds per minute, is the
amount of water that will flow through every square inch of opening in a gauge under a pressure or head ol
• six inches above the center of the opening; the opening being two inches wide in the end ol a box proviaea
with an adjustable sliding gate. The six-inch head can be obtained by opening or closing the slide, and
the number of square inches remaining open indicates the amount of water passing through in Miner s
Inches."

422

HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

Year.

Income.

Expenditures.

President.

1884

I2C per share levy

45c per share levy

*5, 000.00

3S0.7S

Stenhen Town send.

i88q

1.27=;. I =; , C. C. Rrown

1886

Justus Brockway.
C. T. Hopkins.
R. Williatas.

1887

1888

$45,023,98
23,502.69
14,887.47
17,342.95
52,742.43

29,033-41
36,641.71

43,168.19

23,244-47
14,957.68
14,146.45
50,112.22
28,788.18
32,612.42

1889

Geo. E. Meharry.
John AUin.
John Allin.

1890

189I

1892

Chas. M. Parker.

i8q^

Same.

i8qzl

Same. Also 1895.

NORTH PASADENA LAND AND WATER COMPANY.

This company was an outgrowth of the development of the ' ' Painter
& Ball Tract," for which see page 342-3. The origin of the present cor-
poration was thus reported in the Valley Union at that time :

"A meeting of purchasers on the Painter & Ball tract was held Satur-
day night [January 3, 1885] ^t the residence of J. H. Painter to take steps
toward incorporating the water system of the tract. Present, B. F. Ball,
J. H. Painter, Mrs. Edith Painter, Amos Wright, Henry Rank, C. Brenner,
John Allin, Robert Hiatt, J. E. Doty, G. W. Hayes, M. D. Painter, and
Byron O. Clark, who all favored the proposed step. B. F. Ball was elected
chairman and B. O. Clark secretary. Amos Wright moved that a com-
mittee of five be appointed, with full power to act, to take steps toward the
incorporation. Motion carried, and Messrs. B. F. Ball, John Allin, B. O.
Clark, Amos Wright and M. D. Painter were appointed such committee."

The county record gives January 15, 1885, as the date of incorporation.
Capital, $90,000, in 1,800 shares of $50 each. Corporation to exist fifty
years. The first officers were B. F. Ball, president ; M. D. Painter, secre-
tary and treasurer ; and Mr. Painter holds the same office yet. From the
original enrollment of stock I quote this exhibit :

NO. SHARES.

AMOUNT.

B. F. Ball Forty $ 2,000

John Allin Four and one-half 225

J. H. Painter Eighty-four 4,200

M. D. Painter Ninety-three 4,650

Byron O. Clark Forty-six and one-half 2,325

Total 268 $13,400

This statement was signed and sworn to on January 15, 1885, before
R. Williams, Notary Public at Pasadena.

The original beginnings of the water system now owned by this com-
pany were the open ditch made bj^ Wilson & Griffin's Frenchman, Dague,
prior to 1868, which led the waters of Millard canyon out to a point just

*J. W. Wood resigned as secretary in October, 1886, and gave in round numbers— 700 new certificates
issued ; $2,000 assessments and $3,000 water dues collected during the year.

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 423

north of Monks Hill ; and the ditch made by John W. Wilson in 1878-79
from Negro canyon to the Las Casitas plateau. (But Painter & Ball had
done a large amount of developing and piping before the corporation was
formed; in September, 1884, they had bought some water rights of Mr.
Brunk in the Arroyo Seco canyon and during the year laid two miles of
iron pipe.) J. H. Painter and his sons M. D. and A. J., together with B.
F. Ball, Byron O. Clark and engineer H, C. Kelsey, did all the prospecting
for their additional springs in the Arroyo Seco above mouth of Millard
canyon. And in 1885-86 the California Olive Company built a cement dam
in Millard canyon far above Millard falls, besides some other developments,
and piped the water out over the foot- mountain above Leighton's canyon
and down to their 200-acre olive orchard, all as a part of the North Pasadena •
system; and Byron O. Clark superintended this work.

In May, 1889, the company levied an assessment of $5 per share on its
stock, there being then about 1700 shares out. They had about two miles
of cement pipe leading from the Arroyo to their upper reservoir ; but this
was leaky, and a new iron main was necessary. This was put in ; and
also some tunneling and other development work on their water-bearing
lands. From the Pasadena Standard of October 12, 1889, I quote this inter-
esting note :

"The North Pasadena Water Co. put in meters to test the supply by
measure and prevent needless wastage. The results have been very satis-
factory. The average amount used per family is given in gallons, thus :

GALLONS.

During the month of July 19.777

During the month of August 14,302

During the month of September 9,510

This 50 per cent, decrease per family shows that people were in Jul)^
running out twice as much water as they really needed."

In response to my inquiries at the company's office in 1894, ^tt^ follow-
ing particulars were furnished me :

"The company owns 160 acres of rcountain land, covering springs in
Negro canyon, a small branch of the Arroyo Seco ; eighty acres of land
covering springs in Brown's canyon ; all the waters of the Arroyo Seco and
Millard canyon at the head of our pipe line, in Section 5, T. i N., R. 12 W.,
besides the waters of numerous small springs in the mountains to which our
pipes are laid. Also, water rights at the head of the Wilson ditch, and 7.20
interest in the storage reservoir site in the east end of I^a Canyada valley.
We have one reservoir 100 feet square and 10 feet deep, cemented, cost
$4,000; one reservoir 50x100 feet, 12 feet deep, covered, cost $4,000;
seven miles of i}4- to 6-inch pipes in the mountains for collecting water
from springs ; lys miles of 16- and 18-inch vitrified water pipe, cost $6,000;
one mile 13-inch steel main, cost $5,000; distributing pipes on Painter &
Ball tract from 2 to 1 2 inches. All the pipe system above named is probably
worth in present condition $20,000, and 300 meters, worth $4,000. We
have six tunnels, and various water-claims and developments yielding on
the first day of September, 1893, a flow of 30 miner's inches, besides a
pumping plant capable of suppljnng 12 miner's inches, measured when the

424 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

water was lowest of any time in the year. We have a list of 360 consumers,
on a tract of 1,800 acres of land, from whom we collected in water rents
during the year of 1893, $5,000."

Total miles of water pipe, 20 ; two reservoirs with storage capacity of
1,200,000 gallons; total value of company's property, about $60,000.

THE LAS FLORES WATER COMPANY.
The Union of June 12, 1885, says :

" At a meeting held on Wednesday [June 10] articles of incorporation
were adopted, and the I^as Flores Water Co. organized, with a capital stock
of $96,000, of which $73,000 is subscribed. Directors: G. A. Swartwout,
J. W. Hugus, D. Galbraith, Iv. A. Wright, P. Gano. On November 2 an
.assessment was made of $1.25 per share, payable on or before December 24,
1885. R. Williams was then secretary of the company. Some tunneling,
damming and piping was done by the company in Las Flores canyon."

HERMITAGE WATER COMPANY.

November 13, 1886, the Union said :

"Articles of incorporation were filed Tuesday [November 9] by the
Hermitage Water Co. to buy and sell water rights in and about Precipicio
[Eaton's] canyon. Directors : James Craig of the Hermitage Tract, Ed. L.
Farris, and T. P. I^ukens of Pasadena, J. R. Scott and George Hanson of
lyos Angeles. Capital stock , $ 1 00, 000 — all subscribed. ' '

PRECIPICE CANYON WATER CO.
Incorporated March 30, 1887. Capital stock, $625,000, in 12,500
shares of $50 each. Place of business, lyamanda Park. This company
operates in Eaton canyon, the old Spanish name of which was Precipicio
canyon — but they printed their certificates in plain English, Precipice Can-
yon. The stockholders in 1887 were :

J. F. Crank 4, 500 shares

Wm. Allen 2,000 shares

Albert Brigden 2,000 shares

James Craig 2,500 shares

Scattering 1,500 shares

Total of 1,500 acres interested.
Officers : Crank, pres't; Craig, vice pres't ; Herman Blatz, sec'y.
The state engineer reported in 1887 that this company had a flow of
500 inches during the winter and spring, but running down to forty ( ?)
inches in the dry time of a dry year. This report was before they had tun-
neled or developed their resources ; but I think was a mistake even when
made.

OAK KNOLL, WATER COMPANY.

January i, 1887, the Union reported :

" Articles of incorporation were filed Tuesday [December 28, 1886] for
the Oak Knoll Water Co., to buy, sell, and deal in water rights, and to de-
velop and increase water supply on the Oak Knoll Tract. Principal place of
business, Los Angeles. Directors : S. D. Rosenbaum, New York City ;

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 425

Morris Augustine, San Francisco ; E. ly. Stern, Leon I^oeb, E. M. Adler,
Los Angeles. Capital stock, $100,000, in 1,000 shares of $100 each — all
subscribed by the directors.

RUBIO CANYON LAND AND WATER CO.

Incorporated Februry 24, 1886, by F. J. and John Woodbury, and
others, to develop, utilize and control the waters of Rubio canyon. They
did the first piping and tunneling ever done in this canyon, running a tun-
nel seventy-five feet into its west wall in December, 1883. In 1891 their
holdings were merged into the great enterprise now known as the Mount
Lowe Electric Railway Co. The Daily Star of April i, 1895, said :

" At a meeting of the Rubio Canyon Land and Water Association to-
day directors were elected for the ensuing year : F. J. Woodbury, J. H.
Holmes, R. S. Barnhart, J. S. Torrance, and T. S. C. Lowe. Woodbury
was elected president; Holmes, vice-' president ; A. B. Manahan, secretary ;
and First National bank, treasurer."

MILLARD CANYON WATER COMPANY.

Incorporated April 14, 1887, with J. P. Woodbury, E. C. Webster,
Byron O. Clark, Calvin Hartwell and Levi W. Giddings as the first board of
directors ; and E. W. Giddings and F. J. Woodbury were additional mem-
bers of the company. L. W. Giddings was chosen president, and C. Hart-
well secretary and treasurer. There are 7,200 shares of $5 each. This
company was formed to hold, develop, improve and concentrate the springs
and water sources of Millard canyon and its tributaries ; but it does not
distribute the waters beyond or below the canyon. The Cemetery Associa-
tion, the California Olive Company, and the Pasadena Improvement Co.,
each have reservoirs and pipelines of their own, served from this Canyon
company's gathering pipes. In 1894-95 Hon. P. M. Green is president,
and D. C. Porter, secretary and treasurer.

PASADENA HIGHLANDS WATER COMPANY.

The Weekly Star oi May 27, 1891, says :

" Messrs. G. D. and C. E. Patten, W. C. Besse, D. Galbraith and D. J.
Macpherson, who own the Highland Tract, bounded by Washington street,
Lake, New York and Hill Avenues, have formed the Pasadena Highland
Water Com.pany, with a capital stock of $15,300, all of which is subscribed."

But according to the county records this company had been incorporated
November i, 1890. No other particulars obtained.

COTTONWOOD CANYON WATER COMPANY.

Cottonwood canyon is a small gulch in the San Rafael hills [Dreyfuss's
allotment] about half a mile up the Arroyo beyond the Linda Vista green
house. The Pasadena Star oi November 9, 1892, said :

"The Cottonwood Canyon Water Company, composed of Pasadena
men, has been organized. The company proposes to acquire water rights
and dispose of water to inhabitants on block A of the San Pasqual tract, of
the lands of the Lake Vineyard Land and Water Company, situated in the

426 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

northwestern part of Pasadena. The principal place of business is Los
Angeles. [?] The capital stock is $30,000, all of which has been subscribed.
The incorporators are W. S. Wright, trustee ; Wm. R. Staats, John
McDonald, W. S. Wright, C. E. Brooks, Joseph M. Campbell."

N. G. Yocum had developed a small flow of water in this canyon in 1887.
The incorporators took it on a note of Yocum' s, of which Wright was
trustee ; in 1894 they ran a new tunnel, and reported a stream of four
miner's inches.

CHAPTER XXII.

Raii^roads.— The S. G. V. R. R. (Santa Fe).— The Dummy Road.— The Altadena Road
and Los Angeles Terminal. — The Fair Oaks Line. — The Colorado Street Line. — The
Painter Line. — The Highland Line. — The Linda Vista Line. — The Alhambra Line. —
The Pasadena and Los Angeles Electric Railway. — The Ramona and Pasadena
Narrow Gauge (now Southern Pacific R. R.)

SAN GABRIEL VALLEY RAILROAD.

This was the first undertaking to connect Pasadena with the rest of the
world by railroad, and therefore has a very intimate and close historic con-
nection with the development of the city and its adjacent settlements. The
railroad was first projected and planned by Mr. S. P. Jewett, a young engi-
neer who came to Pasadena from Chicago in 1879, and with his widowed
mother, Mrs. Belle M. Jewett, settled on Orange Grove Avenue.

The first meeting to talk over the project was held in lyos Angeles in
September, 1882, when there were present: J. E. Hollenbeck, C. H. Simp-
kins, E. F. Spence, J. F. Crank, S. P. Jewett. The first three men feared
that such a road could not be a financial success ; there would not be trafiic
enough to sustain it, and they declined to join in forming a companj^ to
build the road. This delayed the matter nearly a j-ear ; but meanwhile Mr.
Jewett stuck to his text, and went on perfecting his plans as to route, grades,
curves, bridges, right- of- wa}', station points, terminus, etc.; and finally,
through Mr. Crank's efforts, enough men were found who had faith in it to
form a company. This was accordingly done at Eos Angeles on August 30,
1883, by J. F. Crank, S. Washburn, W. R. Davis, A. Bridgen, W. P.
Stanley and S. P. Jewett, who then became incorporated as the "Eos An-
geles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad Company," with capital stock fixed
at $350,000. The men named constituted the first board of directors, and
they elected Crank, president ; Jewett, vice-president, general manager and
chief engineer ; Stanley, secretary ; Washburn, treasurer.

The Valley Union of July 19, 1884, said : "A contract has been let to
E. H. Carver of Boston, Mass., to build the whole road, the terms being that
it is to be in running order by January i, 1885, to Pasadena." And the same
paper August 2 announced that the directors of the "Dummy Railroad"

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 427

had ceased operations and left the field entirely to the San Gabriel Valley
Company.

The grading work went on well for a while ; then Mr. Carver failed.
Money was not forthcoming to meet payments due for work and material.
Work was stopped for several months ; but the projectors stuck to it with
good grit, and finally got in shape to go ahead again.

The first public mention that I find of special effort by Pasadena to aid
this important work was in the Valley Union of June 5, 1885, which says :

" The committee appointed to secure the right-of-way for the railroad
has held two meetings and entered upon its work systematically. At the
first meeting the work of canvassing for the right-of-way was divided be-
tween three committees, who are assigned to the following sections of the
route : From Raymond Hill to Colorado street, J. H. Baker, M. W. McGee
and W. H. Wiley ; Colorado street to eastern boundary of the Mutual Orange
Orchard, C. C, Brown, S. Townsend, J. P. Woodbury ; from Mutual Orange
Orchard to Rose's fence, James Craig, J. W. Hall and Abbot Kinney. It
was voted to make H. W. Magee and Abbot Kinney trustees to hold the
right-of-way when secured until the railroad is completed and in operation.
An agreement to this effect has been made between the railroad and trustees.
This agreement requires that the right-of-way be secured before June 15."

The same paper contained this item of railroad news :

' ' The first locomotive of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Rail-
road arrived from Cincinnati Tuesday. She is called a 30-ton engine, with
5-foot driving wheels and an extension front, with Eastern style .spark ar-
rester. She was brought out dead b}' Mr. Homer, who will put her in shape
for active service."

Pasadena interest was now fully awakened to the importance of this
railroad project in its relation to Pasadena's growth and progress, and the
Union from week to week took every opportunity to report any new step in
its advancement. On July 17 I find this mention :

"Locomotive No. 2 of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Rail-
road was fired up for the first time yesterday and run a short distance. A
construction train was also made up. About 3,500 feet of track was laid,
up to last night. ' '

And again, July 31, this appears :

"The Arroyo Seco bridge is completed, and track-laying has progressed
to this point. A large cargo of ties arrived Wednesday and the track will
be laid as fast as the grading can be completed."

And on August 14 this :

"The first carload of freight went over the Los Angeles and San Gabriel
Valley Railroad Wednesday. It was coal for the Pasadena Water Com-
pany."

Then came the opening day, which was the grandest affair in the his-
tory of the settlement up to that time. I quote from the Valley Union again:

" Wednesday, September 16, 1885, will always bean epoch in the history
of Pasadena. The Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad was for-
mally opened to public traffic between Los Angeles and Pasadena. It was

428 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

an occasion for rejoicing, and the people earnestly devoted themselves to the
enjoyment of a grand jubilee.

At an early hour those having the arrangements in charge were actively
engaged. Mr. Thomas Banbury had provided a street sprinkler that did a
grateful service on the dusty streets and celebration grounds. The Central
School Park had been selected as the place for the ceremonies, and between
the Public lyibrary and school buildings a large pavilion covering an area
80x100 feet, had been erected of rough lumber, open on all sides, but cov-
ered overhead with freshly clipped cypress boughs. At 9 a. m. a train left
Pasadena for Los Angeles, carrying the reception committee, consisting of
the following gentlemen, and the Pasadena band : J. Banbury, H. H. Mark-
ham, H. W. Magee, J. E. Clarke, G. W. Wilson, N. G. Carter, O. S.
Picher,' Bayard T. Smith, James Craig, O. H. Conger, P. M. Green, R. Wil-
liams. This was the first passenger train over the road, and the run was
made in twenty-two minutes.

The lyos Angeles guests were received at the Downey Avenue depot,
and five carloads including about 300 ladies enjoj^ed a most delightful ride
to Pasadena. All expressed themselves highly pleased with the road and
its appointments. Arriving at Pasadena, the guests were conducted to the
pavilion, where an abundant collation was served. The tables were splen-
didly decorated with fruits and flowers. On one of the tables was a loco-
motive and two cars ingeniously constructed of variously arranged flowers.
These cars were loaded with varieties of fruits, and this very appropriate
piece of floral work reflected much credit on Misses Matieand Ollie Stratton,
who designed it. Mrs. M. Rosenbaum had four elegant floral pyramids ;
and many of the guests were supplied with neat button-hole bouquets. The
floral engine was presented to General Manager Jewett.

After the repast, literary exercises were carried out in the following
order, under the direction of Col. O. S. Picher, president of the day :

Address of welcome — Hon. H. H. Markham.

Response in behalf of lyOS Angeles — Mayor E. F. Spence.

The L. A. and S. G. V. R. R., response — Hon. J. F. Crank.

Original poem — Charles A. Gardner, editor Valley Union. The follow-
ing is a portion of the poem :

As Troy, beleagured, in her hour of need

Gave jovial welcome to the wooden steed,

And poets lauded in heroic sti'ain

The Centaur coursers of the Grecian plain —

So we, the people of another time —

Of happier nation, and a sunnier clime —

Are met with greeting for our modern horse,

The tireless racer of the iron course.

But not like Trojan's shall our steed disclose
The dread forerunner of a nation's woes —
The armed battalions and the waste of war
That ravaged Troas in her peaceful shore ;
The shock of battle and the din of arms
That wrecked her happiness in war's alarms.
The dreadful thunders of an angrj' Fate
That sealed the fortunes of a fallen state.

No ! blessings rather, in her peaceful train
Attend our courser of the smiling plain ;
The hum of Labor in her busj- wheels ;
The horn of Plenty in her bugle peals ;

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 429

The lengthened spirals of her smoky fleece
Are tranquil curlings of the pipe of peace.

And, lo ! her progress through a chosen land
Wakes smiling industry on every hand !
The voice of Labor and the arts of Peace
Bid homes accumulate and wealth increase ;
And cities hasten in her path of fate
To swell the fortunes of a rising state.

The Ivos Angeles Board of Trade — Maj. G. H. Bonebrake.

The Influence of the Press in the Development of Los Angeles County
— J. D. Ivynch, Esq., editor Daily Herald.

The Produce Exchange — Eugene Germain.

The union of Pasadena and Eos Angeles — Col. H. H. Boyce, editor
Daily Express.

The regular program .being completed, remarks were made by Hon.
R. F. Del Valle ; D. M. Berry, the father of the original colony from
which Pasadena has grown up ; Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, and Gen. John Mans-
field."

From this time on, there was regular train service between Pasadena
and Eos Angeles ; and the construction work continued eastward. On
November 7, 1885, the road was completed and train service commenced to
Eamanda Park, where the first Y was built on which to reverse engines.
Before this the engines had come up from Eos Angeles head foremost and
gone back with hind end foremost. At Eamanda the road took a rest
for several months and boomed the town by running excursions there ; and
it was not until a year later —November 5, 1886 — that it was completed to
Duarte. Right-of-way difficulties and other matters had caused delay. But
it was finally completed to San Dimas — or " Mud Springs," as it was then
called and marked on the maps — a total trackage of twenty-eight miles.

Meanwhile another local company had been formed to build a road from
Barstow on the Atlantic and Pacific line, down through the Cajon pass to
San Bernardino, and thence westward to " Mud Springs," there joining the
S. G. V. road, and thus making a continuous line to Eos Angeles. It had
long been an open secret that these two local enterprises were in the interest
of the great Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe R. R. Co.. which was seeking
a through connection of its own to the Pacific coast. Up to this time the
Southern Pacific company had an autocratic monopoly of all transcontinental
traffic with Southern CaHfornia, and the Santa Fe company had to pay
track-rent for its trains or cars from Deming to Eos Angeles over the S. P.
line. But now the Santa Fe company had finally gained control of the
Atlantic and Pacific road from Albuquerque to Mohave ; and with these two
local lines in possession, it would have an unbroken trackage of its own
from Chicago to Eos Angeles. In pursuance of this great scheme the S. G.
V. road was sold to the Santa Fe company January i, 1887, and Mr. Jewett
remained in charge as manager for the new ownership until July i, 1887,
when he resigned — thus ending Pasadena's personal historic connection

430 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

with the road. From the Valley Ufiion of September 19, 1885, I gather a
few additional points :

"The charter provided that it should extend from Los Angeles to the
eastern extremity of the San Gabriel Valley, a distance of about thirty
miles. The route to the terminus, near what are known as " Mud Springs",*
was selected with a view to open up one of the richest valleys in Southern
California. The Southern Pacific passes through the southern part of the
valley, but it is too far distant from some of the most fertile and promising
sections situated upon or near the foot-hills of the Sierra Madre range.
Such places as Pasadena, Sierra Madre, Duarte, and Azusa needed a close and
convenient railroad connection with Los Angeles, the commercial center for
all the southern counties of the State. Several surveys were made with the
narrow gauge in view, and a part of the right-of-way had been secured and
some grading done, when it was decided to abandon the narrow gauge scheme
and build a standard gauge road. This was over a year ago, or some time
in August, 1884, when the capital was increased to $600,000. The bridges
are first-class in all respects. The first across the Los Angeles river is 312
feet long, contains 100,000 feet of lumber, 12 tons of cast iron, and 22 tons of
wrought iron, and will cost about $10,000. The Sycamore Grove trestle
bridge is 450 long and 38 feet high. The bridge over the Arroyo Seco is
850 feet long, 38 feet high, and cost about $15,000."

This Arroyo bridge was built both on a curve and an incline ; and
when the Santa Fe company took possession they found it unsafe for their
heavy freight and Pullman passenger trains ; they therefore made a new
grade along the face of the Gibraltar cliff and crossed the Arroyo on a high,
straight, level bridge, thus avoiding also the down and up haul of the old
curve line. The old grade along the Garvanza bluff and the curved bridge
were sold to the county and converted into a county wagon bridge and road
at that point. And the Scoville bridge at Pasadena was also built of timbers
from that old railroad bridge.

The Santa Fe company later extended their line to a tidewater connec-
tion at Redondo, and San Diego.

THE "dummy railroad" PROJECT.

During the winter of 1883-84 there began to be talk of connecting
Pasadena directly with Los Angeles by some sort of rapid transit or street-
car service ; and this talk resulted in the organization of the " Los Angeles
and Pasadena Railway Company," which was incorporated June 12, 1884.
with the following board of directors: P. M. Green, B. F. Ball, W.
Thomson, of Pasadena; A. Glassell, A. H. Judson, G. W. Morgan, of
Los Angeles ; E. M. Hamilton. Glassell, Judson and Morgan all owned
land along the proposed line between Los Angeles and Garvanza. Im-
mediately after the incorporation the company issued a prospectus, from
which I quote :

* " Mud Springs " was a great cieuega or body of marsh land about half way between San Dimas
and Lordsburg. And the towns of Lordsburg, San Dimas, Glendora, Monrovia, Sierra Madre and La-
tuanda Park did not then exist. They were born of the railroad.

i

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS, 431

"It is the design of the projectors of this enterprise to construct a
narrow-gauge railway from lyos Angeles by way of the Arroyo Seco, High-
land Park, Garvanza, lyincoln Park, Hermosa Vista, within a short distance
of the proposed Raymond Hotel, and thence along a line midway between
Orange Grove and Fair Oaks Avenues to a point as near as practicable to
the intersection of Fair Oaks Avenue and Colorado street in Pasadena.
Practically, it is the intention to extend the street railway system of Los
Angeles to the center of the settlement of Pasadena, using as a motive
power a noiseless steam motor known as a 'Dummy,' or such other power
as may be required."

It will thus be seen that the project as laid out at that time was sub-
stantially the same as is now carried into effect by the Pasadena and Los
Angeles Electric Railway Company ten years later. That original "Dummy
line " stock was put at $25 per share ; and the prospectus further said : "It
is desired to make this a people's road, built for the people, on a popular
subscription by the people, without mortgaged or bonded indebtedness, and
then run it in the interests of the people." It was a live project in its day.
On June 5, 1884, a meeting was held at Los Angeles to work it up. A. O.
Porter was chairman, and Green, Ball, Eaton and Dr. Conger were also
there from Pasadena, besides engineer Williel Thomson, who reported
estimates of cost at $7,000 per mile to build the road, and $10 per day for
operating expenses thereafter, making five trips each way. Another meet-
ing was held June 12, with Dr. Conger chairman, and articles of incorpora-
tion were adopted. Its preparatory work was pushed with zeal and energy.
Right-of-way for its track was given along Pasadena avenue from Columbia
to Colorado streets ; I signed agreement for this, in .common with other
dwellers or owners of property on that avenue, although the avenue was
then only open from California to Colorado. But it was found that this
undertaking seemed to embarrass the San Gabriel Valley railroad [now
Santa Fe] which was then making a tenacious struggle for existence, under
the lead of S. P. Jewett, J. F. Crank and S. Washburn — all Pasadena men.
And the Valley Union of August 2, 1884. contained this announcement:

"The directors of the Dummy Railroad and those of the S. G. V.
Railroad came to a mutual understanding Thursday, in which the former
agreed to cease operations, upon a positive guarantee that a road will be
built and in operation by January i, 1885; and that not less than three
trips per day will be made by their trains the first year, and four or more
the second," etc.

So the " Dummy road " was never built. Yet the idea on which it was
based, for a Pasadena-Los Angeles street car line owned by local holders
and managers, still kept alive.* The rapid-transit road built by Capt. Cross

* An illustration of the many grand projects incident to the boom time is afforded by an article in
the Pasadena Star of April 3, 18S9, on a new patent noiseless and smokeless street railroad motor, Irom
which I quote this passage : " The fact that such a man as E. F. vSpence and his associates are willing
to invest money to build a railroad whose franchise will permit nothing but a noiseless, smokeless motor
to be used is a very practical way of showing their faith in this motor and that it is what it is claimed to
be. This line is to go from the top of Mt. Wilson to the sea, through Pasadena and Los Angeles with
trains every hour. It will give us what we have so long needed— frequent commuuication witn i.os
Angeles, and bring every tourist that goes to Mt. Wilson through Pasadena."

432 " HISTORY OF PASADENA.

in 1889 [now the I,os Angeles Terminal] seemed to fulfill that idea for
awhile — though in two or three years the need of some more direct, more
frequent and more center-reaching line of street car service was felt, and
plans for its accomplishment were talked up, resulting at last in the present
electric line,

THE LOS ANGELES TERMINAL RAILROAD.

I wrote to the officers of this company, enclosing a suitable blank, ask-
ing for data that would enable me to write a historical sketch of the road.
No answer was ever made, nor any facilities afforded me for getting any in-
formation from official sources. This explanation is due to myself because
of the meagerness of details from which I was obliged to prepare this sketch.
The "Terminal" as it now exists is a combination successor of the wrecks
of several rapid transit, narrow-gauge and dummy lines that sprung up like
mushrooms during our "boom" period. Of these, the Pasadena Improve-
ment Company's standard-gauge road from Raymond station to Altadena,
seven miles, comes first ; and the first step which led to the building of this
road was a "boom" land deal that is mentioned in the Pasadena Union
of October 2, 1886, as follows :

"The purchase comprises the ranches of Woodbury Brothers, Col. J.
Banbury and P. Gano, embracing in all nearly 1,300 acres of the most finely
improved, best situated and best watered land in this valley. The pur-
chasers are E. C. Webster & Co., the Investment Bankers, Woodbury Bros,
and other capitalists of this city, who form a syndicate of energy, foresight
and enterprise. With the land bought are included the ver}^ valuable water
right to 3,000 shares of the Rubio canyon water, 120 shares of the Las Flores
water and one-third *of the Millard canyon waters. The first step in the line
of development will be the subdivision of this entire property into lots of five
and ten acres. One very important enterprise already projected is the con-
struction of a cable or electric railroad from some point near the Raymond
to the base of the mountains at the head of the lands purchased."

The "lands purchased" were laid out as the town of Altadena, and
was one of the high mark and very brilliant " boom " enterprises in its day.
As lots were sold and buildings undertaken, the demand for better transpor-
tation facilities became imperative, and a regular standard-gauge steam
motor line called the Altadena Railroad was built from Raymond station
up through Pasadena to Devil's Gate, and thence eastward through Alta-
dena to North L,ake Avenue. Of course when the "boom" collapsed this
was a losing enterprise, yet the company was obliged to keep trains running
every day to hold their franchise.

The village of Garvanza was another ' ' boom ' ' enterprise or land spec-
ulation in 1885-6 ; and a narrow-gauge dummy street-car railroad was built
from Los Angeles to Garvanza, and thence to Eagle Rock valley. This
project became bankrupt ; and the railroad with all its property and fran-
chises were bought by Capt Cross. He secured right-of-way through South

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 433

Pasadena, after a long delay by litigation with certain landowners as to the
amount of their damages, and built a " rapid transit " line from Los Angeles
via Garvanza to Raymond station. Here he leased the Altadena railroad
for three years and thus reached Pasadena's business center by running a
switch down from the present Terminal depot site to a point between De
Lacy street and Fair Oaks Avenue, and fronting on Colorado street. On
March 11, 1890, the road was formally opened to the public, and Pasadena
celebrated the event in great style. [See page 327.]

Within a year Capt. Cross sold out to the Los Angeles Terminal Rail-
road Company, T. B. Burnett, manager. And the Pasadena Star of August
26, 1 891, said :

' ' The Terminal Railway Company has filed in Los Angeles a trust deep
to the St. Louis Trust Company in the sum of $1,500,000 to secure payment
of bonds to this amount. The Terminal is expending money in a courageous
way, showing that its owners have full faith in the future of Southern Cali-
fornia."

When the three-year lease of the Altadena line expired, the Terminal
bought that road and made it an integral part of their system ; and they did
the same thing with the narrow-gauge line from Los Angeles to Glendale.
Also during 1891 they built from Los Angeles to Long Beach, and to an
ocean connection via Rattlesnake Island at East San Pedro ; and the formal
opening of this line was celebrated by an excursion under the management of
the Pasadena Board of Trade, November 14, 1891.

THE PASADENA STREET RAILWAY CO.

The first man who ever received a franchise for a street railroad in Pasa-
dena was Stephen Townsend, on Saturday, October 10, 1885. This was be-
fore there was any city incorporation, and the grant was made by the county
board of supervisors. The Valley Unio?i of October 16, 1885, said:

"To Stephen Townsend was granted his franchise, the route being as
follows : Commencing at a point on Fair Oaks Avenue, in San Gabriel
township, opposite the center of the street leading to the Raymond station
of the L. A. & S. G. V. R. R., and running thence in a northerly direction
along the center of said Fair Oaks Avenue, to a point about 300 feet south
of Walnut street."

The enterprise seems to have made little progress for some months, and
I find nothing more about it until February 15, 1886, when a meeting was
held in Williams Hall on the subject. Townsend 's franchise had been
granted on condition that the work of building the road should be com-
menced within three months, but this had not been done, so of course it
had become void. At this meeting in Williams Hall C. C. Brown was
chosen chairman, and Frank M. Ward, secretary ; and S. Townsend ex-
plained the object of the meeting to be, to further the interests of Pasadena
by the building of a street railroad. As a result of this meeting, the fol-
lowing document was put forth :

28

434 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

" PROPOSITION FOR A STREET RAILROAD.

"It is proposed to incorporate a company with a capital stock of
$50,000, divided into 500 shares of the par value of $100 each, to be known
as the ' Pasadena Street Railroad Company.' for the purpose of constructing
and operating a street railroad on the following line, to-wit : commencing at
the junction of Orange Grove Avenue and Columbia street, and running
thence east to Fair Oaks Avenue, north on Fair Oaks to Chestnut street,
east on Chestnut to Summit Avenue, and north on Summit Avenue to Illin-
ois street ; and such other lines as the corporation may deem desirable.
Signed : S. Townsend, Williel Thomson, Ward Bros., R. WilHams, H. F.
Goodwhi, J. S. Mills, P. G. Wooster, Samuel Merrill, T. P. I^ukens, Chas.
A. Gardner, J. H. Painter, N. G. Yocum, J. G. Miller, A. O. Porter, B. W.
Bates, Geo. E. Meharry, M. J. McCall, E. C. Web.ster, D. R. Risley, M. W.
McGee, G. Roscoe Thomas, J. Banbury, Byron O. Clark, H. W. Magee,
E. H. Michener, P. M. Green, James Smith, John Allin."

On February 18 they met again and organized the company by electing
Stephen Townsend president, and Frank M. Ward .secretary. And the
county records give February 18, 1886, as the date of their incorporation.
Then the Valley Union of February 19, said :

"The proposed street railroad from the college to Illinois street via
Fair Oaks Avenue is now assured, $22,000 of the $50,000 capital stock
being already subscribed. The directors for the first year are S. Townsend,
Williel Thomson, Frank M. Ward, R. Williams, P. M. Green and" P. G.
Wooster. The iron is ordered, and two miles of the road will at once be
built from the postoffice to Raymond station."

Yet, of all the twenty-eight names signed to the above " Proposition,"
and counted for stock .subscribers in the Union's report, only seventeen ever
actually took stock as propo.sed ; and this being the first bona fide invest-
ment of capital for the construction of a .street railroad in Pasadena, those
seventeen form a historic roll of honor, as follows :

NAME. SHARES. NAME. SHARES. NAME. SHARES.

S. Townsend 10 G. Roscoe Thomas... 10 Chas. A. Gardner i

Frank M. Ward i P.M. Green 5 A. O. Porter 5

H. F. Goodwin 5 John Allin i M. W. McGee 5

T. P. Eukens 2 Williel Thom.son 32 II. W. Magee 2

N. G. Yocum i R. Williams 10 James Smith 3

E. C. Webster 2 P. G. Wooster 5

Total, 100 shares subscribed, or $10,000 of the propo.sed stock; and
with this the work went on. The first cost of construction of the ultimate
entire line, including rolling stock, horses, barns, etc., was $20,300 ; but
$1,000 was afterward added; and stock was issued for the whole amount.
The first section of the road was completed in September, and the Valley
Union of October 2 gives the following account of the opening ceremonies :

" Thunsday, the 30th of September, 1886, will be referred to in after
years as the day on which the first street car line in Pasadena was opened
to the public. At twelve o'clock, over fifty invited guests of the projectors
of the line as.sembled at the car stables to participate in celebrating this, the

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 435

first street car ride in Pasadena. The cars, which are handsomely lettered
"Pasadena and Raymond," were decorated with flags, and as they were
drawn out of the stable made a fine appearance. All who could be com-
fortably seated took the cars, which run down to the South Pasadena end of
the line, and then up to the present terminus, opposite the Grand Hotel.
On arriving here the party and cars were photographed by E. S. Frost &
Son, after which all were served a dinner at the Grand Hotel. Following
this, remarks were made by H. J. Holmes, S. Townsend, P. M. Green, H.
J. Vail, G. E. Meharry, Williel Thomson, M. M. Parker, J. E. Clarke,
E. C. Webster, Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas, Mr. Muchmore, and A. O. Porter.
The cars commenced regular trips on the day of the opening, and the
rumbling of the wheels and sound of the bell adds to our already metropoli-
tan airs. The officers of the line are Stephen Townsend, president ; R.
WiUiams, vice-president ; P. G. Wooster, .secretary ; P. M. Green, treas-
urer; and Williel Thomson, superintendent."

The company's business during the first year amounted to $2,470; but
its last year, 1893, the amount was only about $1,600. In #894 the property
and franchises of the company were sold to the Pasadena and Los Angeles
Electric Railway Company, for about $14,000, and was incorporated with
that system of electric lines as now in operation — 1895.

THE COLORADO STREET R. R. LINE.

On October 15, 1885— five days after the date of S. Townsend's original
street railroad franchise — the county board gave a grant to H. W. Magee
and Geo. E. Meharry for their projected line ; and the Union of October 23d
said : " Messrs. Magee and Meharry of the Colorado street railway line
inform us that the road will be commejiced within the three months pro-
vided in the franchise." And it was ; for they bought a few rails and ties
somewhere, and put down about 200 feet of track, then covered it up to
hatch. And the first chicken that openly peeped from this particular street
railroad incubator appeared in the Union of March 26, 1886, which said:

' ' The stock-holders of the Colorado street Railroad company met at
the office of T. P. Eukens, Monday, and elected a board of seven directors,
as follows : Geo. E. Meharry, H. F. Goodwin, T. P. Eukens, C. C. Brown,
S. O. McGrew, Samuel Stratton, and S. P. McLean. These organized
Tuesday, by the election of Meharry, president ; Lukens, secretary ; and
Stratton, treasurer."

The county records give March 20 [? — 26] as the date when this com-
pany was incorporated. And the next mention I find is in the Union of
June 25, from which I quote this paragraph :

" Civil engineer, J. M. Willard. has completed today his survey and pro-
file of the grade line of the Colorado street railroad from F'air Oaks Avenue
to Hill Avenue, east, a distance of 8,700 feet. The engineer has carefully
ascertained the difference in street altitudes along the line, above sea level.
[See page 363].

Track-laying proper was commenced July 28. And then in its issue of
November 13, 1886, I find the following :

436 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

"On Tuesday the second street car line opening occurred. At one
o'clock about 150 guests of the company assembled at the stables of Vore
& Hoag, where the cars were at once filled, and a very smooth and pleasant
run was made to Olivewood. There two long tables were spread with a
bountiful repast. C. T. Hopkins, the genial host of the occasion acted as
president of the day. After the dinner was served, he opened the literary
exercises with remarks that were sound and sensible, and then in pleasant
language introduced Col. O. S. Picher, who made one of his characteristic
speeches, pointed, vigorous, and hopeful. He was followed by H. W.
Magee, Esq., who spoke on behalf of the railway directors and officers.
H. J. Holmes, president of the city trustees, closed the speaking."

The officers of the company at that time were Geo. E. Meharry, presi-
dent ; T. P. IvUkens, secretary ; Samuel Stratton, treasurer ; C. C. Brown,
supt. This line was ultimately extended to Hill Avenue, thence south to San
Pasqual street. And another branch was built down Los Robles Avenue to
California street, thence to Wilson Avenue ; and a branch up Lake Avenue
to Illinois street. But in 1894 this railroad and all its belongings was sold
to the Electric company and merged into its system of consolidated lines.

CITY RAII.WAY COMPANY OF PASADENA.

The first public mention of this line as a coming project occurs in the
Pasadena Union of August 27, 1886, which said of it :

" The main line is to go up into the Arroyo Seco canyon, where it will
connect with three different pack trails to the top of the mountains — the
Switzer trail, which follows the same grand canyon ; the Giddings trail,
which is to go up through the Millard canyon and return on the outer face
of the mountain ; and the Owen Brown trail, which goes up west of Millard
canyon." [See pages 403, 404 for account of these trails.]

The Union of November 13 mentions that A. J. Painter had obtained
the franchise for this road; the iron was bought and would be on the ground
in a few days ; and it was expected that cars would be running from the
corner of Raymond Avenue and Colorado street to the Painter Hotel at
North Pasadena in thirty days. The route described at this date was the
same as where the line was afterward built, via Raymond Avenue, Chestnut
street and Fair Oaks Avenue clear up to Mount View cemetery. The com-
pany was incorporated November 17, 1886, with the following board of
directors : A. J. Painter, C. W. Buchanan, Geo. D. Patten, John H.
Painter, Delos Arnold, W. S. Holland. Capital stock, $50,000; amount
subscribed, $4,500. A. J. Painter was chosen treasurer and general man-
ager. A prelude to the building of this road was the opening, straightening
and grading of Fair Oaks Avenue from Chestnut to Illinois street, which
was done by a syndicate with M. D. and A. J. Painter at its head, in May
and June, 1886. [See page 356.] The road was completed as far north as
Washington street and opened for public travel the second week in Febru-
ary, 1887. It was subsequently extended eastward on Washington street
to Eos Robles Avenue ; northward on Fair Oaks Avenue to Mountain View

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 437

cemetery ; and westward to Devil's Gate — this latter branch being operated
by a steam dummy motor for some months, at a loss to the company, and
was finally abandoned. The cemetery branch also never paid running
expenses, although car service once a day, and twice on Sunday, was kept
up until 1894, when the whole business was sold to the Pasadena and I^os
Angeles Electric Railway Co., and merged into their general combination.

THE HIGHLAND RAILROAD.

The Pasadena Union "Supplement" of date April 23, 1886, refers to
an article in their paper about eight months previously in regard to reach-
ing the top of the mountains by way of L,as Flores canyon, and says :

"We showed that the water coming down the canyon could be utilized
to drive the machiner}^ for a cable road. * * ^ vertical fall can be ob-
tained of any amount from one hundred to three hundred feet ; and it is
not iynpossible that with this power a cable road or elevator may be carried to the
top of the mountains'^ as well as for the down slope line. Our article was the
Urst public suggestion that S2uh a thing was within bou7ids of practical possi-
bility, and most people laughed at it as a purely visionary scheme ; but now
measures are in progress to make it a reality."

Then nothing more appears in regard to this road until June \ i , when
the Union says :

" On Wednesday George A. Swartwout secured the franchise for the cable
railroad up Prospect Avenue (Lake Avenue) to Las Flores canyon. At
Colorado street it will connect with the street railway, and at Olivewood
with the San Gabriel Valley Railroad, and at Las Flores with a mountain
pack train, or eventually with some kind of mechanical up-you-go to the top
of the mountain."

The next mention occurs December 18, 1886, when the same paper says :

" The right-of-way has been secured for a street car line from Colorado
street along Euclid Avenue to Walnut street, thence along Los Robles Ave-
nue to Villa street, along Villa to Lake Avenue, and up Lake Avenue to
the Highlands."

The chief promoter of this enterprise was George A. Swartwout, who
was then cashier and manager of the Pasadena National Bank. He owned
and resided on a small fruit farm on the east side of North Lake Avenue ;
through this he opened New York Avenue, running eastward from Lake
Avenue, and built the railroad up to this point. The Highland Railroad
Company was incorporated March 2, 1888. Its line was extended down
Broadway to Glenarm street near Raymond station ; and later it crossed from
Broadway to the Grand Opera House on Palmetto street, thence up Ray-
mond Avenue to Colorado street. But it was never a paying enterprise ;
Mr. Swartwout lost all his property in the " boom," the road was taken by
his creditors and kept running just enough to hold the franchise. It was

*As "coming events cast their shadows before," so the Mount Lowe " Great Incline " was here
dimly previsioned six or seven years before its advent. Both this article and the one referred to were
written by Dr. H. A. Reid, who served as a sort of incognito assistant editor of the Union for a year or
two about that time.

438 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

finally sold to the Pasadena and lyos Angeles Electric Railway Company in
1894.*

WEST PASADENA RAILWAY COMPANY.

This was a horse car line which extended from Fair Oaks Avenue west
on Colorado street to Vernon Avenue, thence north to Kensington Place,
thence west to Millard Avenue, thence north to Walnut street, thence west
to North Orange Grove Avenue, thence on Reservoir Terrace Drive around
to head of Park Avenue, thence down the Park Avenue grade to the Linda
Vista suspension bridge, thence across the Arroyo and following the same
avenue to Linda Vista. The road was built by the Yocums themselves, in
1887 ; but as other interests became involved with it the company was in-
corporated January 14, 1888. This railroad was one of the great "boom"
enterprises, and was so intimately connected with the Linda Vista and Park
Place land schemes of that time, that it is necessary to give some brief
account of them, in order to explain how and why such a completely wiped-
out railroad was ever built at all.

In October, 1886, J. D. Yocum subdivided his Linda Vista tract and
sold the south half of it, about 600 acres, to a syndicate for $40,000. They
went on improving and subdividing their land, but soon found almost im-
perative necessity for some better way of reaching it than by the old hilly
and stony wagon road across the Arroyo wash. Next, in November a
syndicate composed of H. W. Ogden, I. N. Mundell, Thomas F. Flynn,
and N. G. Yocum bought fifty-two acres of land on the reservoir terrace,
named it "Park Place," and went on laying out streets and drives, with
sightly residence lots for sale. And of this deal the Union of November
27, 1886, said :

"It means improvements that will add greatly to the attractions of that
part of the city. * * The street car line projected by the Messrs. Yocum
and others to run to Linda Vista will pass through this tract, crossing the
Arroyo near where the barn now stands. ' '

This company, with Mundell as president and Flynn as secretary,
opened business for sale of their lots January ist, 1887, and advertised that
this street car line was then being built. To make the Park Avenue grade
down the bluff was a protracted and costly job for private enterprise ; and
the combined wood and iron suspension bridge at its foot cost $8,ooo.t But
it was all done and the railroad built in connection with the speculative
"booming" of the Park Place lands and the Linda Vista lands. The

*After the above article was written. I received the following additional data from J. B. Young :
" The old Highland Railroad Company was organized March 5, i888, with a capital stock of |ioo,ooo. In-
corporators : George A. Swartwout. J. B. Young, C. C. Thompson, F. T. Swartwout and N. L. Young,
George A. Swartwout, president ; J. B. Young, secretary ; Thompson, vice-president and general super-
intendent ; Pasadena National Bank, treasurer. This old company was abandoned ; and a new High-
land Railroad Company organized October 21, 1889. On March 18, 1890, all property and franchises of the
company were sold to the Pasadena National Bank in settlement of all outstanding obligations of the
company."

t This is a Pratt truss bridge of two spans, 120 feet each, and one span 140 feet — total, 380 feet;
roadway 18 feet wide, and 80 feet above the water bed.

DIVISION SIX — BUSINKSS. 439

income of the road never paid running expenses, 5'et it was heroically kept
in operation three or four years, but had to be given up at last ; and in 1892
its iron rails were sold to Prof. I,owe and used by him on the lower trolly
section of the Mount L,owe Electric Railway.

ALHAMBRA AND PASADENA STRKET RAII^WAY.

This line was built in January, February, 1887, by an Alhambra com-
pany, of which A. C. Weeks was president; F. O. Story, treasurer; C. T.
Adams, secretary. The road extended from the Southern Pacific depot at
Alhambra to the Raymond depot (Santa Fe route) in Pasadena, and was
thus operated for some months ; then trackage was secured on the Fair
Oaks avenue line up to Colorado street, and the Alhambra cars stopped at
and started from this central point for a period. But it was a losing enter-
prise from the first ; and in 1893 the company's own track was torn up and
sold, leaving no sign of its Pasadena history.

PASADENA AND LOS ANGELES ELECTRIC RAILROAD.

Incorporated in April, 1894. Its first members or directors were :
P. M. Green, L. P. Hansen, E. C. Webster, A. W. Roche, of Pasadena,
and E. P. Clark and Wm. I,acey of L,os Angeles. Its capital stock is
$500,000.

During 1894 this electric company bought up the four remaining horse
car lines in Pasadena, and proceeded to reorganize their trackage, and run-
ning time, etc., into a consolidated sj'stem. They built an electric line in

1894 95 which gave street car service direct, every twenty minutes, from
the Pasadena business center to the Eos Angeles business center as far south
as Fourth street. Also from Pasadena to Altadena for a direct connection
with the Mount Eowe Electric Railway. The company's officers in 1894-95
were : Webster, president ; Hansen, vice president ; M. E. Hammond, sec-
retary and treasurer ; E. P. Clark, general manager.

THE FIRST ELECTRIC CAR
Ever run in Pasadena was a trial trip made in the night of February 19,

1895 ; and the Eos Angeles Times correspondence of February 20, said :
" At 7:30 o'clock this morning the car, propelled by electricity from the Eos
Angeles power house, began making regular trips on Fair Oaks Avenue be-
tween Columbia street and the Throop Institute." But it was over two
months before the line was completed through between the two cities, and
meanwhile the " Pasadena loop " car connected with a 'bus running between
Columbia street and Garvanza, which met at the latter place the electric car
from Eos Angeles. Then in the night of April 20 the first electric car that
passed over the whole line from Eos Angeles to Pasadena was run through ;
and of this event the Star said :

' ' Among citizens who had the privilege of making this first trip from
Eos Angeles were E. C. Webster, Hon. Jas. McEachlan, E. E. Jones and

440 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Frank J. Policy. Chief Engineer Larrabee and the bridge contractor were
also passengers, Mr. Clark, the general manager, came up as far as Gar-
vanza. ' '

But the South Pasadena viaduct and trolley posts were not yet safe for
passenger service ; and the Pasadena power-house was not ready to steam
up, even for trial, until April 26. On May i it was ready to pump light-
ning from Garvanza up around the "Pasadena loop"; and the line was on
that day opened for complete electric rides between the two cities. This
power house has two engines — one of 450 and one of 250 horse power,
with dynamos to match.

The same company, or an allied one, is building an electric road from
lyos Angeles to Santa Monica — so that in 1896 there will be a continuous
line of electric railroad from the mountain tops to the sea shore, directly
through Pasadena.

MOUNT LOWE ELECTRIC RAILWAY.

See Chapter 23.

RAMONA AND PASADENA RAILROAD [Southern Pacific\.

In 1888-89 a narrow-gauge rapid transit railroad was built from I,os
Angeles to Monrovia, passing through Ramona, and a branch of it was ex-
tended from Ramona up to the south city line of Pasadena near Raymond
station. The track was laid, and an empty train run on it daily for a few
months to hold the franchise, although no terminal station was ever reached
or built. But it was "paying too dear for the whistle," and had to be given
up at last. The track lay idle, rotting and rusting until 1894, when the
line was bought by the Southern Pacific company ; and the old rails being too
light for their use, they were sold to the Pasadena and lyos Angeles Electric
Railway Co., and used by them on their track in Pasadena. The S. P.
Co. built into Pasadena over this line, and up Broadway to Colorado street ;
and the Daily Star of June 15, 1895, contained this item :

"The Southern Pacific line to Pasadena was dedicated to travel this
morning by the departure of the Throop excursion to Santa Monica. About
200 passengers, largely students, went down. Six handsome cars were sent
up for their accommodation."

CHAPTER XXIII.

The Mount Lowe Raii^way. — Early Plans and Projects for Reaching the Mountain
Tops. — Sundry Railroad Schemes. — Macpherson's the first bona fide Survey. — Prof.
Lowe takes hold. — The Naming of Mount Lowe. — The Railroad's Corporate Name.
— Pasadena's Mount Lowe Celebration. — Honors and Wealth Fairly Won. — Rubio
Farm. — The McPherson Trestle. — Gov. Markham's Bear Story. — Electric Power
Generators. — Altitudes. — The Observatory.

THE MOUNT LOWE RAILROAD.

I find no evidence that the Spanish occupants of this country ever made
any attempt to reach the tops of the mountains for any aesthetic, scientific,

DIVISION SIX — BUSINKSS. 44I

or health-restoring objects — never for the glorious outlook or the exhilarat-
ing ozone. And even their hunting seems to have been limited to the
mesas and canyons — never pushed to the mountain summits, for they were
a race of horse-riders, "born in the saddle" as it were, and not sturdy,
rugged climbers afoot, like the Yankees who supplanted them. The first
attempt ever made to construct any sort of a roadway to the mountain top
was by Hon. B. D. Wilson, early in 1864. [See page 395.] This was for
business, not sentiment ; and the first recorded trip of " sentiment" up there
was made by Wm. McKee (private tutor of Mr. Wilson's children) in April
in that year. He says — " I was anxious to go to the top of the ■mountain-.''''
The trail was only finished to the half-way house ; but by clambering along
and leading their horses they managed to reach the top, and here he ex-
claims, "Oh, how beautiful!" And thus the era of mountain-climbing
sentiment dawned in Pasadenaland. Theirs were the first horses ever known
to have made the ascent. They stayed there over night at the Mount Wil-
son spring, of which he wrote 23 years afterward: " I thought then and
do still that that water was the best I ever tasted in my life." More senti-
ment, again. That same spring is still there, at the place known as
" Strain's camp." This trail was the only means of reaching the mountain
summit by horse or mule-back until the Toll Road was built, in 1887-88.

The mountain-climbing sentiment did not develop to any great extent
until after the settlement of Pasadena, and after the tourist business began
to show inklings of the phenomenal growth and extent to which it has since
attained. The old " Wilson trail," the foot or starting point of which was
eight or nine miles from Pasadena, was the only route available for gratify-
ing this sentiment ; and in the Valley Union of October 16, 1885, Dr. Reid
strongly advocated a new route of ascent by way of L,as Flores canyon, and
said, "This would be the shortest and most direct route to the top of the
mountains that can be made from L,os Angeles, ' ' etc. ; and the route he then
suggested was within a few hundred yards, or in fact partly the same,
where the Mount Lowe railroad was ultimately built. In the same article
Dr. Reid said :

' ' Within the next six months there will be a thousand people in I,os
Angeles who would willingly pay five dollars for a trip to the top of the
mountains. Nine out of ten of the winter visitors to this coast have just as
strong a desire to go to the top of the mountains as they have to go to the
sea-shore. "

From this time onward the air was full of projects for some more di-
rect and easy way to ascend the mountains ; and in his descriptive pam-
phlet, with eighteen beautiful full-page lithographic illustrations for Pasa-
dena, published in 1886, T. P. Lukens said :

" Several of our enterprising citizens, among whom is Mr. R. Williams,
have secured 320 acres of land at Wilson's Peak, embracing some of the
finest timber tracts in the mountains, and have made arrangements for build-

442 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ing thereto a four-foot wide horse trail. * * It is further proposed to
put up a hotel in the park, and eventually to run a cog-wheel railroad to it
from Pasadena."

Another mention of this scheme occurs in the Valley Union of Ma}' i6,
which says :

"It is the plan of the company to make as soon as practicable a new
trail by way of Katon canyon, so as to start up directl}' from Pasadena, *

* and they intend ultimately to have a cable railroad from bottom to
top, operated by the water on their own lands above the clouds."

The Unio7i of June i8 contained another article on the subject by Dr.
Reid, in which he said :

" There is a good deal of popular interest in Pasadena's mountain climb-
ing railroad projects, and everybody wants to know how the thing can be
done. There are at least five available plans for operating such roads.
First, the cable road, the same as those on Second and Temple streets in L,os
Angeles. Second, a single cable to draw a car up by winding around a
windlass at the mountain top. Third, a double track and double cable on
windlass, so that one car or train will go down as the other goes up. All
these imply stationary power of water or steam engine. Fourth, a central
cog-rail in which a cog-wheel plays from the car-axle, driven by locomotive
engine. This, of course, would require a lighter grade than any of the
cable plans. Fifth, an ordinary railroad with zig-zag and tunnel-loop track
to make the climb. This last could be operated without change of cars
from lyos Angeles to mountain top, but would be slow and tedious on the
zig-zag part of the climb, and more costly to build. Either one of these five
ways are practicable here.* It is only a question of money — or which plan
will cost the least to build and operate it."

[See article on the ' ' Mount Wilson Toll Road ' ' for further particulars
about this matter.] The original company never did any practical work to-
wards either a bridle road, a wagon road, or a railroad. Its engineers were
kept busy surveying the various claims taken by them (for it was unsurveyed
government land) until the whole scheme failed for want of financial bottom.
The field was, therefore, still open for a railroad to the mountain top, for no
man had yet grasped the thing with the bull-dog grip of success. But now,
in January, 1890, Mr. D. J. Macpherson of Pasadena went into the mount-
ains with a few assistants and made Xh^ first bona fide survey that was ever
made in California for a railroad to the mountain tops. However, he had
been making previous preliminary observations and studying the problem
alone during nearly a year before this, for the Pasadena Standard of March
2, 1889, said :

" D. J. Macpherson is prospecting a route by way of Las Flores and
Rubio canyons. * * * The cog-wheel railroad is the most feasible
scheme yet broached, and from the present terminus of the Altadena rail-
road and the Highland horse-car line right up the face of the mountain
where Sam Correll and his mule proposed to go, is the shortest, most direct,
and best-for-Pasadena route for the cog-road."

♦Electricity was not a proved success at this time, for ordinary street car ser\'ice — and had not even
been thought of for a mountain railroad.

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 443

I must here explain about "Sam Correll. ' When in 1885 Dr. Reid ad-
vocated by articles in the Valley Union the lyas Flores canyon route for a
road to the mountain top, as a better thing for Pasadena than a road to Wil-
son's peak, the Las Flores ascent was objected to as being impracticable ;
but Samuel E. Correll, who had been up that way several times, made a
challenge that ' 'he could take a loaded burro and start from Las Flores in the
morning, with only a hand-axe to cut his way, and by night he and the
burro would be at the top. ' ' His proposed route for this test was up to the
spur where Echo Mountain House now stands, and thence to the pine crest
of Echo ampitheater. But before this, old Dr. B. A. Wright had ridden a
horse up the west wall of Las Flores canyon to a point or ledge of rocks
called " Jacob's ladder," which was just about as high as Echo Mountain.
However, nothing ever came of these adventures.

Mr. Macpherson's actual first survey for any sort of mountain railroad
was his own individual project, on a street car plan, with a grade of seven
and a half to eight per cent., to be operated by traction motor cars, so con-
structed that all wheels should be dri ve- wheels. ^^^ He commenced his sur-
vey at Altadena and ran up into Rubio canyon on substantially the same
line where the Mount Lowe Electric railroad is now in successful operation.
But at that time [January, 1890] the name " Mount Lowe " had never been
heard of, though now familiar around the world ; and electricity for oper-
ating railroads was not then a well established success. At a point a little
below where Rubio Pavilion now stands he crossed to the east side of the
canyon and pursued a winding way eastward along the ins and outs of the
face of the mountain to Eaton canyon, then up its west wall to a point far
above Eaton Falls, into the northwest part of Grand Basin, and so on
around, making a total distance of twelve miles to Wilson's Peak or " Har-
vard Telescope point, "--for no one had succeeded yet in breaking away from
"Wilson's Peak" as the objective point for any sort of roadway to the
mountain top. (This was partly due to the fact that there was here a
bountiful spring nearer to the summit than anywhere else in the entire
range.) He ran his lines, set his stakes, projected his curves, noted cuts and
fills for earthwork and rockwork, made his estimates of cost, prepared his
profile map, with plans and specifications, and so went into the capital
market with something definite and tangible to show for his project. And
this is the shape the matter was in when Prof. Lowe was first induced to
give it any practical attention — 1890-91.

* Surveyor D. J. Macpherson with six assistants started last Monday to make survey, set stakes, re-
cord field notes, and prepare profile of route, statement oC cuts, fills, bridges, culverts, tunnels if any be
necessary, and all the facts and data for a detailed estimate of cost to build a narrow gauge railroad from
the Altadena station on I^ake Avenue to Wilson's Peak. It is believed that a route can be found with a
grade of 8 per cent., or a rise of 424 feet per mile ; and a car can be built to carry its boiler, engine, coal
and water supply, and load of passengers all resting on the drive wheels, so that it can easily climb an
S per cent grade by ordinary traction. Mr. Macpherson is in the field for business, and his projectlooks
the most like " getting there " of anything that has yet been attempted.— Pa^at/^fwa Standard, February
8, 1890.

444 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

PROF, lowe; takes hold.

Prof. lyowe was born and raised amid the mountains of New Hampshire;
he was a natural lover of mountains ; and the more he investigated and
thought about this mountain railroad project the more it grew upon him,
until it became at last the crowning purpose of his life — for in connection
with it as a mere business enterprise he also conceived a higher and grander
purpose in the interests of science to which it. could be made eminently sub-
servient, so that one feature could aid the other, and thus make a double suc-
cess in a double service to mankind, above and beyond any other mountain rail-
road on the face of the earth. He soon discovered, however, that the terminal
grounds on Mount Wilson were parceled and staked and held by various
claimants who had only the narrowest cent-per-cent ideas of the project, and
who imagined vain things as to the absolute necessity that any road which
might be built must come to their grounds anyway. This would greatly em-
barrass and hinder the loftier objects he had in view, unless he should buy
out all their claims at boom-bubble prices. Meanwhile he pushed investi-
gations as to elevation, water supply, and possible accessibility of other
mountain eminences nearer to Pasadena, and more conspicuously in view
from its multitude of lovely homes. In regard to this period I quo^e here
from a pamphlet by Prof. G. Wharton James, entitled "The Pasadena
Mountain Railway," published in 1893, page 12 :

" In the latter part of 1890 he placed a corps of engineers in the field
to make thorough surveys. The engineers were instructed to examine all
desirable peaks. And with a persistency which to the skilled engineers
seemed nothing less than stubborn obstinacy. Professor Lowe kept them
engaged month after month, urging them to exercise their utmost endeavors
to devise a method of scaling the (to them) unscalable mountain, whilst he
himself bent his own trained energies and powers of observation to the
work. And as the result of his personal labor and unwearied determination,
he was at last able to point out a simple, effective and perfectly safe method
of overcoming the chief difficulty in the way of reaching Mount L,owe,
which, when seen, was immediately approved and endorsed by the highest
engineering authorities. The new survey was undertaken and pushed to its
completion with almost incredible speed ; and to the astonishment of all
concerned, it not only was found that the ascent to Mount IvOwe could be
made with ease, but that — with the exception of the one steep climb which
the Echo Mountain Cable overcomes in six minutes — in no place would the
grade exceed the slight rise of seven and a half per cent. This new route
also revealed further possibilities not before contemplated. It allows the
company to erect its stations and hotels at different altitudes to suit the
many and varying health-conditions required. The Rubio canyon pavilion
is the same height as the Catskill mountains hotels ; Echo Mountain House
is about the height of Mount Vesuvius ; Mount Eowe is the same altitude
as Colorado Springs and Mount Washington ; whilst Observatory [San
Gabriel] Peak compares in altitude with the Iron Springs hotel at Manitou,
Colorado . ' '

Erom this time forward the work progressed steadily in grading and

I s

MASONIC TEMPLE — WEST-BY-NORTH VIEW.

[See page 507.]

./!#>

RED-OAK TREi;. [ijl/eri.'l .\ .-/-',/,' :,! ^ ^

On Lower Orange Grove Avenue. This is cue of the two trees which decided Calvin Fletcher in locating
this Avenue so as to save them from being " cleared off." [See page 361— Orange Grove Avenue.]

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 445

building the railroad, building the hotels, constructing bridle roads, design-
ing and establishing novel features to attract visitors, and finally the great
searchlight* at the zoological garden, the well-equipped observatory, the
printing outfit where the Daily Mount Lowe Echo is printed in the highest
style of typographic and photo-engraving art ; and other details, a full
account of all which would require a volume by itself. When Prof.
Lowe had finally decided on the " Great Incline" project, and to build his
road to the summit now called Mount lyowe [then known to old settlers as
"Oak Mountain"] instead of to Wilson's Peak, a force of men was promptly
put upon the grading work, both for the Rubio trolly section and the Echo
Mountain cable section, this latter being definitely commenced April 12,
1892, with D. J. Macpherson as engineer in charge of all surveys and con-
struction work. Thus Macpherson 's long dream of a mountain-cHmbing
railroad went on to realization : not exactly after his own original plan, but
as a direct outcome by genetic succession and "modification of species"
from it — a clear case of struggle for existence and survival of the fittest —
an impressive rescript and geneagraph in the law of evolution. [See cut on
page 409.]

THE NAMING OF MOUNT LOWE.

On September 24, 1892, Prof. Lowe led a company of friends on the
first ascent ever made on horseback to the summit of Oak Mountain — 6,100
feet above sea-level, or 300 feet higher than Wilson's peak — and first raised
the American flag there. The persons accompanying him were : Chas. A.
Gardner, editor Pasadena Daily Star; T. W. Brotherton, president Citizens
Bank, Los Angeles ; C. W. Brown, vice-president Pasadena National Bank ;
Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas of the Pasadena Improvement Co. ; Mr. Randall of Los
Angeles ; T. W. Parkes, architect ; Master Willard Brotherton ; and Thad-
deus Lowe, Jr. The guests understood that this great mountain, the highest
of the Sierra Madres that can be seen from Pasadena, had never been
named ; and by spontaneous, unanimous and enthusiastic impulse they
proceeded to christen it "Mount Lowe," the name by which in two years
its fame encircled the globe, and will go down to remotest history. f

*" On Echo Mountain is the World's Fair searchlight — a monster 3,000,000 candle power electric
light, almost half as large again as any other searchlight in existence. The beam of light is so powerfttl
that a newspaper can be read at a distance of thirty-five miles [?] in its light, and almost nightly its far-
reaching rays illuminate the streets of Pasadena and Los Angeles and light up broad stretches of the
vaW&y.^'— Pasadena Star, December 2g, i8g4.

tThe Auglaize, Ohio, Republican of December i, 1S92, contained a long letter from Los Angeles,
written by some one who w^s a member of this historic christening party, and from it I preserve the
following: "It was discovered that until this time this giant peak, the monarch of the Sierra Madres, was
unnamed. One of the party suggested, that whereas Prof. T. S. C. Lowe, the great scientist, had first
ridden to the top, had made the first trail to its lofty summit, was the first mau to have planled the stars
and stripes on its highest point, and was the first man to conceive the project of reaching its dizzy height
with a railroad and with courage and means to put such a project into execution, as was now being done,
no more fit and appropriate name could be given this mountain than the name of" Mount Lowe."
The motion to so name it was put and carried without a dissenting voice; and so there above the clouds
it was named, and will continue to be named when every one of the party present at the christening
shall have been laid away in mother earth, and generations yet unborn will trace its rugged outlines on
their physical geography and call it Mount Lowe. Andrew McNally , the grea'. Chicago map publisher,
who owns a beautiful residence and grounds near its base, says the' name given is so appropriate that
" Mount Lowe " it shall be called on their next maps."

446

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

In building the Rubio
trolly section, there were
some points so precipitous
that workmen had to be
let down and supported by
ropes from above for
several days, before they
could excavate a standing
place on the cliff or cut a
path along its rocky face ;
and it required eight
months of steady work, by
all the men that could be
put on it to advantage, to
prepare the Great Incline
grade ready for the ties.
The first time the Great
Incline cable was moved
by electricity, being also
the first event of its kind
in the world, was on June
21, 1893. The first regu-
lar passenger cars from
Altadena to Rubio Pavil-
ion were run on June 29 —
opening day ; and the first
passenger trips made on
the Great Incline occurred
July 4, 1893.* From this time forward the line was regularly open to
Echo Mountain ; and passage from there to summit of Mount lyowe was
made by saddle animals.

November 10, 1893, the Echo Mountain postoffice was authorized, with
daily mail service. f Also a public telephone station, an express office and a
Notary Public were added to the conveniences. And on Monday, March
12th, the Daily Mount Lozve Echo commenced its regular daily issue; a
weekly edition was issued on Saturdays, the first one being dated March 17,

*The Pasadena Daily Star said : " When the first passenger car ascended the great cable incline
of the Mount Lowe railway on Saturday the band rendered the music of " Nearer Mv God to Thee ;"
and Mrs. Jeanne C Carr, being asked for a sentiment appropriate to the occasion, broke out into poetry
as follows : ., p^^jj^g q^^ f^^^ whom all bles'^ings flow,

And also praise Professor Lowe."

The Mount Lowe Echo credits Comrade John H. Stuntz with buying the fir.st ticket ever sold to go
up the Great Incline. He had been a soldier musician in the loth Pennsylvania Reserves and in the
191 Pennsylvania Veterans ; and on this occasion he plaved some war-time tunes on the identical old fife
which he was using in the army at the same time that Prof. Lowe was serving as chief aeronaut to the
U. S. Army.

t Postmaster George F. Kernaghan of Pasadena yesterday acted as official representative of the
United States government in estal)lishing a postoffice on Echo mountain, with Prof T. S. C. Lowe as
postmaster.— Z,oi Angeles Herald, Feb. lo, 18^4.

THE GREAT INCLINE.

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 447

1894. In September the great searchlight was put in place, and commenced
its spookish peering into everybody's windows by night, for twenty or thirty
miles around ; and during the same month the temporary observatory was
completed and opened to visitors, in charge of Prof. Lewis Swift, the famous
comet discoverer from Rochester, N. Y. On November 24th occurred the
formal opening of the newly completed Echo Mountain Hotel, with a grand
banquet held there by the bankers of Southern California — a fraternity in
which Prof. lyowe himself stands well to the front.

THE CORPORATE NAME.

The "Pasadena and Mount Wilson Railway Company" was incor-
porated June 3, 1 891, with the following officers :

President, T. S. C. Lowe, Prest. Los Angeles Safe Deposit and Trust Co.
Vice-President, Hon. P. M. Green, Prest. First National Bank, Pasadena.
Secretary, A. P. West, Cashier Columbia Savings Bank, Los Angeles.
Treasurer, T. W. Brotherton, Prest. Citizens Bank, Los Angeles.

ADVISORY BOARD.

Hon. H. H. Markham, Governor of California.

Hon. Joseph Medill, editor Chicago Tribune.

Hon. A. G. Throop, founder of Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pasadena.

Andrew McNally, of the great Chicago map publishing house.

T. D. Stimson, President Columbia Savings Bank, Los Angeles.

G. G. Green, proprietor of Hotel Green, Pasadena.

J. W. Hugus, President National Bank of Rawlins, Wyoming.

C. W. Brown, Vice-President Pasadena National Bank.

A. C. Armstrong, capitalist, Altadena.

T. P. Lukens, President Pasadena National Bank.
Capital stock, 6,000 shares of $100 each, or $600,000.
As events developed, the corporate name soon became a misnomer — for,
as before explained, Mount Wilson dropped entirely out of the reckoning ;
and in Prof. James's pamphlet of 1893 it is, with full consent of the Com-
pany, called the " Pasadena Mountain Railway." But later it was re-incor-
porated as the " Mount Lowe Railway Co." — a more brief, convenient and
correctly descriptive title, and by this fitter name it goes down to history.

PASADENA'S MOUNTAIN RAILROAD CELEBRATION.

The first time the city council of Pasadena ever officially proclaimed
and set apart a public holiday of their very own, was August 23, 1893 —
and this was in honor of Prof. Lowe, and the opening to the public of his
great Electric Mountain Railroad resort. The city had held "railroad
opening" celebrations twice before, but none to compare in magnitude,
enthusiasm and splendor with this one. It was like 4th-of-July and
National Thanksgiving day and Tournament of Roses all happily fused into
one superlative demonstration. The streets were thronged to a jam with a
great public parade, in which the city with one unanimous impulse outdid
all its former effiDrts at festive jubilation. The arrangements were made by
the Board of Trade, and carried out jointly with the city authorities.

448 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

Prof. I^owe was accompanied by Gov. Markham, Mayor O. F. Weed,
and A. R. Metcalfe, Esq., in a carriage ; and in the grand escort procession
the place of honor at the head was accorded to the old soldiers (G. A. R.)
committee, consisting of Post Commander W. J. Barcus, R. H. Williams,
A. ly. Petrie, Benjamin Jarvis, A. M. Klson, and Hon. C. M. Simpson.
The city marshal, John T. Buchanan, was grand marshal of the parade,
with numerous aids. The speechmaking and indoor program was held in
the Tabernacle, which had been elegantly and appropriately decorated by Dr.
F. F. Rowland, C. H. Hovey of the Raymond nurseries, and others who
lent a hand ; and the great building was thronged to the last inch of squeez-
ing in that was possible. Hon. P. M. Green was president of the day ;
Rev. J. B. Stewart, D. D., chaplain; editor Charles A. Gardner, poet; and
Prof. O. W. Kyle, music director. And special committees had charge of
various parts of the day's doings. (In the evening a grand banquet was
given at Hotel Green.) From the many speeches at the Tabernacle I quote
from the Daily Star's report a few passages for historic preservation. Hon.
P. M. Green said :

"The railroad, the opening of which we meet to celebrate today,"
added Mr. Green, " is so unique in its general character and design, so bold
in its conception, and in itself such a triumph of engineering construction
and skill, as to challenge our unbounded admiration. This celebration com-
memorates the most important event in the history of Pasadena. The Mount
lyowe railway has the distinction of being one of three mountain railroads
proper in the United States and the rare distinction of being the first and
only one operated by electricity. It had been the good fortune of the
speaker to know something of Prof Lowe's enterprise from the start and to
remember with what scorn and incredulity his proposition to build a road
into the mountains was first received. They overlooked the fact that the
projector of this enterprise was no ordinary railroad builder, but a scholar,
engineer and scientist all combined, fully acquainted with the silent, power-
ful and occult forces of nature.

"After dwelling upon the toil and anxiety attendant upon carrying for-
ward this great project, Mr. Green referred to the financial difhculties of the
undertaking, in surmounting which Prof. L,owe had thrown his own private
fortune into the scale and overcome every obstacle, bravely winning the
right to be regarded as one of the ablest financiers in the land."

Gov. H. H. Markham said :

" Our honored guest has completed a railroad almost entirely with his
own means ; certain it is, he has had to place himself responsible for every
dollar it has cost. None of us can fully appreciate what Prof. Lowe has
done and is still doing for Pasadena and Los Angeles county, nor can we appre-
ciate the time, energy, patience, intelligence, and financial outlay incident to
the successful completion of such a stupendous undertaking for a single in-
dividual. The idea of building a mountain road in Pasadena was not an
original idea with Prof. Lowe. No, there were several of us here who had
taken the subject up, had talked and talked about it, studied over it and
worked it out all of one winter ; and in the spring we talked it over again,
and virtually at last gave it up. Prof. Lowe began to work and talk, and

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 449

talk and work ; and without a hitch or a halt he has succeeded in grandly-
overcoming all obstacles, and today his work and his enterprise is crowned
with success."

Of Hon. A. G. Throop's address the Star says :

"The introduction of the venerable 'Father Throop ' was the signal
for a great outburst of applause, which continued for several seconds. He
made a characteristic off-hand speech that evoked great laughter and much
applause, the leading theme of which was that it is the duty of every man
to do what he can for his fellow- men. He referred to Mrs. Lowe in highly
complimentary terms as the power behind the throne of her gifted husband,*
and made some humorous allusions to the blessings of the married state that
aroused general merriment. To those who had become frightened over the
finandal stringency he proffered the advice that they take their money out
of their old stockings and invest it in the bonds of the Mount L,owe railway.
The building of a great observatory on the mountain summit will follow, if
Prof. Ivowe receives this sort of encouragement, and Pasadeda will lack
nothing to make it a perfect place of residence."

From Prof. Lowe's response I quote a few passages :

" It is a great satisfaction to myself and fellow- workers to feel that our
work has met with your approval. If anything will stimulate one to farther
exertions, your presence here today to celebrate what we have accomplished
will surely have the desired effect. * * When I first heard of Los
Angeles, Pasadena, and the great San Gabriel valley, I got the impression
that it was a vast plain with but few jf any mountains near it ; but when in
the summer of '87 I first landed in Los Angeles I was struck with the extent
and beauty of the mountains, and my first ride was to Pasadena and the
foot-hills of the Sierra Madres. I was then fully impressed that it required
only the means of reaching the various interesting summits to enable one to
enjoy all the atmospheric changes and temperatures that are usually sought
after by thousands of miles of. travel, extending even to Europe and the
elevation of the Alps. It was with a full, open belief that the means of
scaling these mountains would soon be provided, that decided myself and
family to make our final home in this locality.

' ' The railway to the mountains was even then being talked of, and a
small telescope, under the auspices of Harvard University, had proved the
superiority of the atmosphere on these summits for astronomical purposes.
I, at this time, had no idea of taking upon myself the whole labor and ex-
pense of building the road to the summit of these or any other mountains ;
but always felt that when others would start such an enterprise, I would be
one to aid by making a liberal investment in the same. Consequently the
bulk of my fortune was invested in other enterprises before I fully decided
to build the road, the opening of which you are today so generously and
enthusiastically celebrating. Had I earlier decided to build this road entirely
with my own means, if necessary, I should have deferred investments in
other directions. Again I thank you for your aid and encouragement, and
trust my future work will meet with the same hearty approval as my past
efforts have by your demonstration today."

From an editorial in the Daily Star of same date I quote a few sentences
that should go into this permanent historic record :

*See article on "Leontine Falls," page 382, for another mention of Mrs. Lowe's relation to the
great enterprise.

29

450

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

' ' Half a dozen years ago Prof. lyowe came to this city to seek rest and
recuperation which its climate and inspiring surroundings promised. Feel-
ing rejuvenated after some months residence, he began to explore the
neighboring mountains, for he was born and spent his boyhood days on the
flanks of the White mountains of New Hamphire and acquired an absorbing
and legitimate passion for mountain scenery. * * At last he formed the
determination to give his friends and neighbors an opportunity to share with
him the magnificent new scenes visible from the summits of the Sierra Madre
mountains. * * He placed surveyors in the field to locate a feasible
route to the summit of a range higher than Mt. Wilson. They reported it
insurmountable for railway purposes. Prof. lyOwe had been accustomed to
overcome what to others seemed insuperable obstacles. Nothing daunted by
adverse reports, he studied the topography of the mountain range himself,
and ascertained that if he could scale the steep promontory now so well
known as Echo Mountain, a practicable grade could be projected thence to
the highest summit. By a bold stroke of genius he made the very impedi-
ment placed in his path by nature contribute to a brilliant success. He
devised the electric cable incline, the only one in the world, by means of
which five miles of grading was saved to the company and an hour's time to
the traveler. Special machinery had to be planned for the enterprise ; and
numerous drawings were made, and altered, and revised, until at last the
company secured just what was wanted."

Two days after this Pasadena celebration, the lyos Angeles Chamber of
Commerce testified its appreciation of the Mount I^owe Railway, as a mag-
nificent project of lasting benefit to t^os Angeles and all Southern Cali-
fornia, by giving a grand banquet in Prof. lyowe's honor at Redondo.

HONORS AND WEALTH ALL
FAIRLY WON.

■ In an article on Prof. Lowe's
career the Sa?i Diego News con-
densed into good form, the four
great inventions upon which his
well-earned fame securely rests,
and I quote it here as a proper
part of this historic narrative :

1. He originated and organ-
ized the balloon corps of the U.
S. army, which did such efficient
service during the war of the

( rebellion. By his method tele-
graphic communication between
the balloon and the earth was
established, so that the move-
ments of the enemy were imme-
diately known at headquarters,
even during the progress of battle.

2. He is the inventor of the
Compression System of artificially

PROF. T. S. C. LOWE — 1i

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. . 45 1

manufacturing ice — a system which has completely revolutionized the distri-
bution of food supplies throughout the world. He was the first to demon-
strate how fruits and meats could be preserved fresh and transported any
distance ; and all the present methods employed in the manufacture of ice,
or artificial refrigeration, are but modifications of his patents, which origin-
ally covered the whole of the ground now occupied by these industries.

3. His invention of water gas for illumination, and the methods he
employed for its manufacture and distribution, etc., have made his name
familiar as household words, throughout the scientific world, for the "Lowe
process and machinery ' ' are in use in almost every city ot any size in the
United States.

4. His crowning achievement has been the originating, designing and
building of the first electric mountain railway in the world. This last and
greatest success marks an epoch in mountain railway building, for no com-
pany will ever be found foolish and improvident enough to go back to the
old cumbersome, annoying and expensive method of a cog-wheeled locomo-
tive engine climbing slowly and wearily up a toothed rail, blowing smoke,
dust, ashes and grease fumes into the faces of passengers, when by the
Lowe method of applying electricity and the cable, ease, comfort, safety and
inexpensiveness are insured.

RUBIO FARM.

The Mount Lowe Railway Company owns a 300-acre farm which it
works as an adjunct to its hotels at Rubio Pavilion and on Echo Mountain.
With its own cows it supplies all the fresh milk, cream and butter required ;
its poultry yards will supply all the eggs and chickens, etc. ; whilst its
orchards will give an abundant supply in season of oranges, pomegranates,
figs, lemons, guavas, loquats, peaches, apricots, cherries, persimmons,
apples, pears, plums, strawberries, blackberries, gooseberries, raspberries,
etc. In the vineyard are table grapes of every variety, from the seedless
sultana to the muscat, black Hamburg and rose of Peru. Tomatoes, peas,
cucumbers, and all other table vegetables will be constantly growing and
will deck the table at all seasons of the year. — Mozint Lowe Echo.

GREAT INCLINE BRIDGE.

"This bridge, if placed on the level ground, would be one hundred
feet higher at one end than the other ; elsewhere, a pefect monstrosity in
appearance; here, appropriate to the road upon which we are climbing.
It receives its name of " Macpherson Trestle" from D. J. Macpherson,
Prof. Lowe's engineer, and is a worthy tribute to his skill and practical
ability. It was planned and drawn by Mr. Macpherson, and the onerous and
important work of building it was successfully executed by Messrs. Carson
& Son of Pasadena. Mr. Carson is a relative of the celebrated government
scout. Kit Carson, whose monument at Santa Fe, N. M., is a worthy tribute
to his valuable services to the United States government. — Prof. G. Wharton
fames.

GOV. markham's bear story.

Among local points named in the Mount Lowe literature is one called
"Grizzly point," the same that was flagged as Giddings peak, and a burro
trail made to it from Millard canyon, in 1887. But the name Grizzly point
comes from an adventure of five members of the " Pasadena Rifle team" in

452 . HISTORY OF PASADENA.

1882, viz : David Townsend, H. H. Markham, Chas. H. Watts, E. G.
Halleck and Frank H. Heald. At Pasadena's great celebration of the
Mount Lowe railroad to Echo mountain, Gov. Markham told the story thus:

" In the spring of 1882, a small party of the bravest bear hunters in
Pasadena ( I was one of them) followed a grizzly bear from the base of the
mountains right up over much of the ground where Professor lyowe's
trails now lead from Echo mountain to Mount Lowe. We followed him
clean over the ridge and down into the deep canyon on the other side.
We were cautious hunters, and did not press the bear too closely ; but away
along in the afternoon he concluded to come back. As soon as we dis-
covered this, we wanted to come back too : and we started on ahead
of him on a run. In fact, we were not able to go half as fast as we
thought we ought to ; and when we reached Echo Mountain we would have
mortgaged all our earthly possessions for a trip down that Incline — indeed, I
believe we were all sufficiently frightened to have begged the conductor to
cut the cable and let the whole business slide, regardless of consequences. I
tell you, this Incline will be a great comfort to bear hunters — of our make-
up. (Great laughter.) "

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATORS.
The Mount Lowe Echo gave the following particulars :

" There are several power generators on the system — one of 150 horse-
power capacity at Altadena Junction, one of 50 horse-power at Cabrillo
Heights, one of 1 50 horse-power, two of 50 horse- power and one of 30 horse-
power capacity at Rubio Pavilion, one of 75 horse-power and one of 35
horse-power on Echo mountain.* The generator at Altadena is operated by
two 60 horse-power Otto gas engines ; that at Cabrillo Heights by a Pelton
water wheel, which receives its impulsion by the flow of water from the
Rubio Pavilion reservoir. This is filled by the flow from Echo mountain,
1 400 feet above, which first operates the 1 50 horse-power generator of Rubio
Pavilion, ere it goes on its further career of usefulness to Cabrillo Heights.
The three small generators of Rubio Pavilion are all worked by water
power through Pelton wheels, which is piped from Mirror lake in Rubio
canyon. The motor of the Great Cable Incline is so arranged as to receive
its power from either the gas engines at Altadena or the water wheel at
Rubio Pavilion."

In August, 1895, the upper trolley section from Echo mountain, four
miles up to Crystal springs and the Alpine Club house, was opened for travel.
This piece of road startles and amazes and charms the traveler with the as-
tounding audacity of its engineering feats, and the consummate grandeur of
scenic prospect revealed at each exploiture of salient recurves. [See
" Alpine Falls," "Chapman's Glen," etc., page 385.]

*A later account says these engines are fired with gas piped up from Prof. Lowe's Pasadena city gas
works, from which source also the Echo Mountain house is completely furnished with gas burners as
well as electric lights.

DIVISION SIX — busine;ss.

453

Great Circular
bridge, with car on it

Upper or third lap
of Alpine trolly
line, going north

Ran Gabriel Valley

Kclio Mountain
House

Los Flores Canyon

First or lower lap of
the Alpine trolly
line, going north-
west

Giddings Trail
Canyon

Second lap of Alpine trolly
line, going southeast

VIEW ON ALPINE DIVISION OF THE MOUNT LOWE ELECTRIC RAILWAY.
Photo in August, 1S95.

ALTITUDES. Above Sea Level.

lyos Angeles, at Terminal depot, First street 270

Pasadena 850

Altadena Junction i , 55°

Rubio Pavilion 2,200

Grand Rotunda platform at Thalehaha Falls 2,800

Kcho Mountain House 3>500

Crystal Springs 5.000

Summit of Mount lyowe 6,100

Summit of Observatory Peak [San Gabriel Peak] 6,723

Mount Wilson, at "Harvard Telescope point " (Prof, Picker-
ing' s measurement) 5.5^5

Henniger's flat 2,200

454 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The grade of the Great Incline is at first sixty per cent., then sixty-
two, then fifty-eight, then forty -eight per cent. It is practically a hotel ele-
vator out of doors, and is the longest and highest one in the world.

During the first year that it was open this mountain railroad reported
nearly 60,000 passengers carried between Altadena and Rubio Pavilion.

THE OBSERVATORY.

From the annual holiday number of the Pasadena Star, 1894-95, I
quote this :

"The Mount L,owe observatory is in charge of Dr. Lewis Swift, late of
the Warner Observatory at Rochester, N. Y., who is ably seconded in his
astronomical work by his son Edward. Dr. Swift is the great comet finder
of the world, and his son recently achieved fame for himself and the Mount
Lowe Observatory by discovering another of these celestial wanderers. The
observatory is equipped with a sixteen-inch telescope and several smaller
ones, besides a full complement of other astronomical and scientific instru-
ments. It is located on the mountain slope, about a quarter of a mile above
Echo Mountain House. It is a handsome and convenient structure, having
three other rooms besides the dome-crowned observing room. This observa-
tory is to be erected ultimately on the highest of the three crests of Mount
Lowe — the monarch of the Sierra Madres. ' '

Echo Mountain Hotel. — See chapter 24 — article on "Pasadena's
Historic Hotels. ' '

CHAPTER XXIV.

Industries. — Canneries and Drieries. — Manufactories. — Poultry and Ostrich Farms.
— Electric Light and Gas Works. — Olive Company. — Orange Packeries. — Grand
Opera House. — Oil Well. — Mountain View Cemetery. — Hospital.

The Five Historic Hotels.

FRUIT INDUSTRIES.

Wai^lace'S Cannery. — ^Joseph Wallace came to Pasadena from Can-
ada in 1875, and bought thirty acres (one-half) of Ney Strickland's original
colony lot, built a house, made improvements, put his land all into fruit, and
resides there yet. In 1881 Mr. Wallace started his cannery, under the
name of the "Pasadena Packing Company," which was the first manufactu-
ring enterprise established here, and used the first steam engine that ever
puffed vapor in Pasadena. The first year 10,000 cans of fruit were put up,
which gave employment to twelve persons during the packing season. The
Union of October 25, 1884, reported that Mr. Wallace had put up 50,000
cans of fruit that season. On September 2, 1885, the cannery was burned
down, [see page 152], yet notwithstanding his great loss above insurance,
Mr. Wallace rebuilt his works the next year and kept in the manufacturing
field. In 1891, Mr. Wallace took in associates to augment the working capi-
tal, and on May 7th of that year the company was incorporated, with Geo.

DIVISION SIX — BUSINKSS. 455

F. Kernaghan, president; Prof. T. S. C. I^owe, vice president; R. C. Com-
melin, secretary; First National Bank, treasurer; Joseph Wallace, superin-
tendent. Capital stock, $75,000. The Board of Trade pamphlet of 1892
made the following report :

"In the season of 1891, the Pasadena Packing Company put up 250,-
000 cans of peaches, apricots and pears ; used three carloads of sugar ; em-
ployed during the months of July, August, September and October, from
seventy-five to one hundred girls, and paid for wages an average of $3.00
per week. The establishment canned, in addition to the above, about 10,-
000 pounds of strawberries, and dried large quantites of other fruits."

Fruit Drieries. — Fruit-drying enterprises were carried on in a small
way by some growers, to prepare their own fruit for market, ever since the
colony had any fruit ; but Joseph Wallace, in 1885, was the first to operate
a machine drier here — and it was destroyed by the burning down of his
cannery that year. He has done some drying every year, to utilize surplus
fruit that was not choice enough for canning.

J. R. lyloyd for five or six years did a somewhat extensive driery busi-
ness, at the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Painter street, buying up fruit
by the ton to prepare for market by the sunshine process. His was the
pioneer commercial driery, others before having been only small, private
works. [No figures furnished.]

C, C. Thompson has also run a driery for many years in his own ex-
tensive apricot orchards on North Lake Avenue, and has been one of our
heaviest producers of dried fruit. His output was in 1890, four car loads;
in 1891, five cars; in 1892, seven cars; in 1893, five cars. Then in 1894 ^^
went into the North Pasadena or Highland association.

There have been others engaged more or less in the same line whose
names and places I did not get.

May II, 1894, the fruit-growers of North Pasadena organized the Pasa-
dena Highland Fruit Association, whose objects were thus set forth :

"To receive, store, prepare for the market and sell the fruit or other
food products of its stockholders, on a strictly co-operative basis ; to take
care of orchards of stockholders and gather and deliver the fruit of the same,
etc. The principal place of business of the association is at Pasadena, and
the term for which it is to exist is fixed at five years. The following board
of directors was elected : C. C. Thompson, C. K. Tebbetts, L. S. Porter,
Byron Usk, A. R. Clark, H. Cooley and J. E. Smyth.

This association established a drying yard and procured a lot of patent
cutting and pitting machines, and during the season of 1894-95, they
shipped 146 tons, or twelve and a half carloads of dried fruit.

Fruit Crystallizing Works. — The [/nion of November 27, 1886,
made this announcement :

"A company has been formed in this city for the purpose of engaging
in crystallizing fruits. The members of the organization are P. M. Green,
F. M. Hovey, Byron O. Clark, and James R. Riggins of Pasadena, and

456 HISTORY OF PASADEiNA.

Frank M. Schamberger of Anaheim. The capital stock consists of $20,000
in 200 shares, all of which has been taken, and the company is thus enabled
to start full handed. They propose to can fruits, and crystahze ; and also
manufacture jellies, syrups and unfermented wines, etc."

The county records give November 13, 1886, as the date of incorpor-
ation of this company. They bought land, erected buildings, and estab-
lished their plant on Glenarm street and the Santa Fe railroad. Mr. Hovey
superintended the factory work for a while, and produced some excellent
goods ; then he opened a store on Colorado street for their sale. But now
the "boom" epidemic struck Pasadena ; and all the members of this com-
pany caught the fever, and went to speculating in lands and lots ; the fac-
tory business was not pushed by them, and it could not push itself— so it
went down. The works lay idle for some months. Then in the winter of
1888-89 Messrs. Philbrook and Stetson leased the plant, and started the
business of canning baked beans, Boston brown bread, mince meat, etc.
This firm was succeeded by F. F. Stetson & Co., in the winter of 1890-91 ;
and in 1894-95 Mr. Stetson ran it himself. The articles manufactured are
canned baked beans, Boston brown bread, L,ima beans, mince meat, plum
pudding, and tomatoes ; bottled catsup, and crystalized fruits. Amount of
capital, $3,000. Number of employes vary from three to twenty during the
season. Amount of first year's business, 1889 — $2,000; amount of last
year's business, 1894, $5,000.

Olive Industry. — The Unio?t of October 16, 1886, said :
"The California Olive Co. has filed its articles of incorporation with
the county clerk. [Incorporated May 15, 1885.] The principal place of
business is Pasadena. The term of existence is fifty years. The directors
are Fred J. Woodbury, John P. Woodbury, Byron O. Clark, James R. Rig-
gins, and Charles H. Riggins, all of Pasadena. The capital stock is
$120,000, divided into 240 shares of the par value of $500 each, and is all
subscribed."

They planted 200 acres to olive trees, up toward the mountains west
from the cemetery, intending to erect an oil mill when their trees came into
bearing. But the members of the company all went monkeying with the
"boom ;" some of them got bit ; and their oil mill project went out with
the general collapse.

Condensed Vegetables Factory. — Started in 1892 by W. R. Baker
in a small way, under his own patented process for evaporating potatoes,
onions, cabbages, pumpkins, tomatoes, carrots, etc. The water is all elim-
inated without letting the natural flavor of the vegetable escape. Amount
of capital, $5,000. Number of employes in August, 1895, were fifty.
Amount of first year's business, $300. Amount of last year's business,
[1894-95] $12,000. The company now consists of W. R. Baker and W. S.
Hanaford. Factory at 552 Bradford street, where they own two and a half
acres of land for growing vegetables, besides the buildings, machinery, and

DIVISION SIX — busine;ss. 457

fixtures necessary to work up six tons of green vegetables per day. In
July, 1895, they had in hand orders for 100,000 one-pound cans, and ten
tons of 25-pound cans, for shipment to Alaska, Siberia, China, Russia, and
to supply whaling ships and other long- voyage vessels.

Orange Packing. — As early as 1885 the Earl Fruit Company of L,os
Angeles commenced buying orange crops on the trees, and packing the
fruit in Pasadena — and has continued the business every year, up to 1895.
[The Germain Company also tried it two or three years, then dropped out.]
The Earl Company operates in all Southern California, with a capital of
$250,000. I tried to get a table of its pack in successive years in Pasadena,
but could only get a verbal estimate that they had shipped about 150 car
loads a year for three years past — a car load being 300 boxes. The average
price to growers was about $1 per box, on the trees, for navels, and about
75c for seedlings. About 30 men and women are employed here while the
work is going on, which includes picking, hauling, washing, packing, box
making, car loading, etc. Packery on Glenarm street and Santa Fe railroad
in 1895.

During the winter of 1885-86 the Southern California Orange Growers
Protective Union was organized. F. H. Heydenreich became its represen-
tative in Pasadena ; and early in '86 he and Byron O. Clark commenced
orange packing here, in a building which then stood at the corner of Locust
street and the railroad track ; and that year they packed and shipped 35 car
loads. Mr. Clark says that growers were getting only 25c per box for their
oranges on the trees, from the private packing companies ; but those who
went into the Union realized about $1.50 per box.

During the season of 1886-7 Brent Bro's packed and shipped about 100
car loads of oranges from here ; besides what were shipped by the Union, by
the Earl Company, and by orchard owners themselves. I requested from
the railroad company's books a table of the number of car loads of oranges
and dried fruits shipped from Pasadena each year from 1885 to 1895 '> t)Ut,
for prudential reasons, the agent was not permitted to furnish me the figures.

The Pasadena Fruit Growers Association was incorporated De-
cember 14, 1893, after several preliminary meetings. C. C. Thompson was
the first president and manager ; Dr. Lyman Allen, secretary. Capital
stock $15,000, in 1,500 shares of $10 each. There are orange growing
districts organized in this county at Alhambra, Downey, Fernando, Glen-
dale, Pasadena, Rivera, Vernon, Whittier. These by delegates form the
"Semi-Tropic Fruit Exchange" at Los Angeles ; and delegates from that
incorporation, together with those from similar corporate bodies in other
counties, form the "Exchanges of Southern California," a sort of mutual
supreme council for the whole business. The Pasadena Association had 109
stockholders in 1894, and 134 in 1895. In '94, operating only a part of the
season, they shipped 43 car loads of oranges, mostly east. In 1895, up to

458 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

June 30 they shipped 60 car loads (about 18,000 boxes) to Chicago, Buffalo,
West Virginia, Missouri, Texas, Montana. Their pay roll in 1895 showed
from 8 to 28, with an average of 20 employees at work. They used the old
Santa Fe freight depot below California street for a packing house. The
ofl5cers in 1895 were: Geo. F. Kernaghan, president; B. F. Ball, vice-
president ; J. F. Jones, secretary ; First National Bank, treasurer.

Nurseries. — There have been so many of these enterprises, both large
and small, beginning with the first year of the colony, that I could not
undertake to give an account of them.

MANUFACTORIES.

The Pasadena Manufacturing Company. — C. B. Ripley came to
Pasadena from Maine in 1876, and was one of the earliest contractors and
builders here. Then in 1878 Harry Ridgway came here from Canada, and
was the first man to open a regular architect business in Pasadena. Upon
getting acquainted they formed a partnership and carried on business
together ; and in 1884 they built the first planing mill here. This was
located nearly where the Union Ice Co.'s office and warehouse are now, on
East Union street. This mill had the second steam engine ever run in
Pasadena (Joseph Wallace's cannery having the first), and it startled the
natives by steaming up and blowing its whistle vigorously for the first
time on Tuesday evening, July 29, 1884. The next day the mill started on
its regular daily runs for business. The firm at this time had in hand a
$3,000 residence for H. W. Magee ; a $2,000 residence for G. H. Tower; a
$4,000 business building for W. H. Wakeley ; a dwelling for Geo. H.
Little on upper Fair Oaks [now called Lincoln] Avenue ; a new school
house at Monks Hill, and another one on East Colorado street. These
particulars I gather from the Valley Union of August 2, 1884. Mr. Ripley
had projected the mill enterprise and was happy in it, for he was a mill man;
but Ridgway preferred his own special work as an architect, and was very
willing to unmill himself. Meanwhile a plan was formed to enlarge the
mill business into a stock corporation for general manufacturing of all kinds
of house finishings, trimmings, etc. A meeting to consider the matter was
held in Williams Hall December 10, 1886. Another meeting was held
December 16, when organization was effected, under the name of "Pasadena
Manufacturing Co." — and on December 20 the company was incorporated,
according to Oscar Freeman, the company's secretary ; but the county
records give December 10, the date of the first meeting, as date of incor-
poration. Nearly the same names occur at all these meetings, and hence I
only give the names enrolled as first members of the corporation, as follows:
C. B. Ripley, B. F. Ball, James Clarke, W. P. Forsyth, Oscar Freeman, O.
M. Arnold, P. M. Green, G. W. Pillbeam, R. WilUams, M. H. Weight, M.
S. Overmire. The same men were named as board of directors ; and the
first officers were : Forsyth, president ; Ball, vice-president ; Green, treasurer;

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 459

Freeman, secretary ; Ripley, superintendent. Other officers have changed,
but Oscar Freeman has been secretary continuously until now, 1895. The
amount of capital is $50,000. Number of employes average about 40.
Works located between Broadway and the Santa Fe railroad, below Kansas
street. Amount of first year's business, $101,092.74. Amount of last
year's business [1894], $68,751.74. The first year's business of the corpora-
tion, with its enlarged plant, was the opening year of the "boom," and was
before the Mechanics Mill, and another one known as the Lindsay Bros.'
Mill, which burned down and became extinct, had brought sharp competi-
tion into the field ; hence that was the largest amount of business ever done
by this company during any one year. The Board of Trade pamphlet of
1888 said of this mill :

"The firm paid out in the last year $72,000 for labor alone. The lum-
ber used per month is valued at $6,000, while the glass, hardware and
supplies amount to $25,000 per year, making in all about $13,000 per month
distributed in Pasadena by a single firm."

Mechanics' Mux. — This is an establishment for the making of all
manner of woodwork, both for inside and outside finish of any class of
buildings. It was started in February, 1887, by R. H. Brent, F. F. Crowell
and G. C. Halsey. Building 50 x 70 feet, on Chestnut street at crossing of
Santa Fe railroad. C. W. Mann bought a half interest in this mill in
January, 1888, then in the fall of same year he bought the other half ; and
about September i, 1890, he sold a half interest to G. A. Daniels, the firm
being now, 1895, Mann & Daniels. The plant consists of a complete outfit
of woodworking machinery and apparatus, run by a 6o-horse power steam
engine. Number of employes, sixteen in January, 1895. Amount of capital,
$7,000. Amount of business last year, 1894, about $45,800. Early in 1895,
this firm moved and reconstructed their old mill, and built an entire new
one, 40 X 106 feet, two stories, with all modern improvements, at a cost of
about $3,000.

The lyiNDSAY MiLi.. — In 1885-86, three lyindsay brothers started a
planing mill on Waverly Drive. In a few months the establishment burned
down and was not rebuilt.

HoivLAND B1.INDS Factory. — Started in the spring of 1886, as the
Holland Manufacturing Co., by W. S. Holland, Chas. Swift, Fred. Swift,
Geo. Durrell, with Holland president, Durrell secretary and W. S. Wright
attorney. Amount of capital, $16,000. Works located on Champlain street
and an alley leading to Peoria street. Plant consists of grounds, buildings,
all machinery for the manufacture of Hill's patent sliding blinds and Hol-
land's screens, and both steam and gas engines for driving the machinery.
Number of employes in the boom time, 30. First year's business, $25,000
to $30,000. lyargest amount of business in any one year, $30,000. [The
business had been commenced in a small way at first by Mr. Holland, in a

460 HISTORY OF PASADBNA.

part of Ripley's planing mill near lyocust street and railroad track, during
the winter of 1885-86.]

WakklEy's Novklty Works. — W. H. Wakeley came to Pasadena in
r88i, a mere youth, with his father, Capt. A. Wakeley, who had served as
a soldier in the Mexican war and also in the war of the rebellion. The
young man was an enthusiastic naturalist, especially in the study of birds ;
and he at once commenced collecting, preserving, mounting, studying and
classifying the native birds of this region. And these pursuits, at first
merely for his own pleasure, gradually grew into a sort of taxidermy busi-
ness— the first ever done in Pasadena. In 1883 he started a small hardware
and tin store, with plumbing business attached under Robert Hentig's man-
agement, and mixed in some taxidermy work withal. In August, 1886, he
advertised for one thousand horned toads, for taxidermic mounting as Cali-
fornia curios, and this set dozens of bright boys at work earning their own
pocket money by catching pocketfulls of the curious little reptiles. In
January, 1886, Mr. Wakeley started the Pasadena " Natural History Store,"
devoted entirely to the business of collecting, manufacturing and dealing in
California curios, both by wholesale and retail. The business grew upon his
hands so that in a few months he sold the store to Thomas W. Furlong,
and devoted himself specially to the manufacture and wholesale trade in the
same line, this amounting the first year to a business of $12,000, and giving
employment more or less to from ten to twenty persons. The Star of Octo-
ber II, 1892, speaking of the District Fair at I^os Angeles, said: "The
Wakeley Novelty works of this city make a splendid display of articles in
California woods, shells, etc., and Wm. H. Wakeley has two lathes in opera-
tion, with a force of three men in attendance. I^ast evening they gave
away 1000 pin-cushions turned out from yucca."

During 1893 he sold between 5,000 and 6,000 horned toads, 100 dozen
tarantulas, 100 dozen scorpions, besides large numbers of centipedes, trap-
door spider nests, etc. And his goods were the only ones of their class from
Southern California in the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago. The
factory and store are now located in a two-story brick block on North Fair
Oaks Avenue. The machinery is run by a gas engine, and comprises ma-
chines for coarse and fine sawing, boring, turning, scroll work, carving,
polishing, friction coloring and burnishing. A great variety of California
woods are made into cups, vases, dishes, buckets, napkin rings, match safes,
gavels, paper knives, canes, portierre and curtain rings, placques, and many
souvenir forms.

Brick Making. — The first brick building erected in Pasadena was B.
F. Ball's original home place on North Fair Oaks Avenue ; but these bricks
were not made here — were all hauled by wagon up from Los Angeles —
1878-9. The first business block built of brick, was by Craig & Hubbard,
grocers, on Kast Colorado street — - the same now known as the Brunswick

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 46 1

billiard hall. It was commenced in August, 1885, ^nd they moved their
grocery into it in October. The bricks were obtained from an old brickyard
on Rose's ranch, east side of Santa Anita Avenue ; and the walls were laid
up by Irvin Wilson. The second brick store was the Frost Block, built by
E. S. Frost, about 100 feet east of the other — commenced in September and
completed in November, 1885 ; these bricks were also hauled from the old
yard on Rose's ranch.

The first brickyard ever started here was by Gass, Simons & Hubbard
of the City Brick Company at lyos Angeles, in February and March, 1884.
They had the contract for brick foundation of the Raymond Hotel, and
decided to make their bricks here instead of hauling them up from Los
Angeles. Their yard and kilns for this job were just across the roadway
east from the Raymond barn. Then after completing this job they moved
their works to a site on Euclid Avenue just north of Maine street. In a year
or two the clay gave out here, and they moved over onto Gen. Edwin Ward's
land, on Madeline Drive west of Fair Oaks Avenue. They operated here
until "the boom busted," and then retired from the Pasadena field. This
first brick company furnished the bricks for four of our historic buildings :
I — The Raymond hotel foundations, which took over half a million. 2 —
The Ward Bro. 's block, just north of Williams Hall. 3— The first National
Bank building. 4 — The Carlton Hotel block. The Mr. Simons of this
company was a cousin of the Simons Bros, who now own the steam brick
works, but they never had any connection in the brick business.

A report published in the Pasadefia Union said that the S. G. V. railroad
in the first seven months of its operation had hauled 76 car loads or 7,000,000
bricks up from Eos Angeles to Pasadena. This was " boom " time.

During the winter of 1885-6 Joseph Simons, the head of the Simons
Bros. Brick Co., came here from Hamburg, Iowa, and formed a business
connection with John S. Mills and Dr. S. Rosenberger to start a brickyard,
which he located and put in operation in the spring of 1886, on Mills's land
on Raymond Avenue below the Gas Works. This yard was run one season
and then abandoned. Simons went hunting for more clay, and finally found
the valuable deposit where the steam works now stand, on Glenarm street
between Moline and Eake Avenues. Here he started a hand yard in the
spring of 1888 and made a success of it, so that in the spring of 1894,
having been joined by his father and younger brothers, he put in a steam
plant. The company now [1895] consists of Joseph Simons, manager ; E.
O. Simons, secretary ; Walter R. Simons, ass't secretary. Their plant com-
prises a 40-horse power steam engine, and a Potts patent brick machine
which is entirely automatic, from the raw unwet clay to moulded bricks
ready for the dry -yard ; and has a capacity of 45,000 bricks per day. The
yard has 40,000 pallets or drying trays. They have about six acres of land ;
own the cottages for their workmen, and employ forty -five hands — no

462 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Chinamen. They also have a machine for making pressed brick, for smooth-
finish work. This factory has furnished 90 per cent of all the brick used
in Pasadena since 1889. The company's entire property is estimated at
$20,000.

HouLAHAN & Griffith's brickyard was started in 1894 ; but I have
no data of it.

Fertii^izer Works. —The California Commercial Co. was incorpor-
porated November 15, 1888, by Belle M. Jewett, T. F. O'Riley, P. M. Jew-
ett, J. D. Bicknell, Mrs. E. C. Bangs, S. P. Jewett. Prior to this Mrs.
Jewett had erected a long brick building on Glenarm street and the Santa Fe
railroad, having leased it in advance for a term of years to F. ly. Rockwell,
who engaged to carry on an ice factory and cold storage business there. The
collapse of the ' ' boom ' ' froze out the zeal of the ice-maker, and his promised
refrigerating plant was never put in. The Commercial Co. was then organ-
ized to utilize the building for storage, commission, forwarding, and other
lines ; and also as the business office for their fertilizer works at Chapman
station on the Santa Fe railroad, east of I^amanda Park. These works
manufacture bones and all kinds of slaughter-house refuse into fertilizing
material, and have a capacity to manufacture 3,000 tons per year. S. P.
Jewett, president ; J. D. Bicknell, vice president ; G. A. Herdeg, secretary ;
First National Bank of Pasadena, treasurer ; L,. E. Jordan, superintendent.

lighting and power works.

Pasadena Gas and Electric L,ight Co. — Early in 1886 the proj-
ect of establishing electric light works began to be discussed, and resulted
in a list being made of persons who thought they would be willing to sub-
scribe something for such an enterprise. These subscribers met in Williams
hall March 25. Col. O. S. Picher, chairman ; Frank M. Ward, secretary.
It was voted to place the capital stock at $40,000, in 1,600 shares of $25
each, and incorporate as the " Pasadena Gas and Electric Light Co." The
Union reported $16,000 subscribed in Pasadena, and that Dr. E. Mellis
would place $8,000 of the stock in San Francisco. April 9 there was an-
other report of progress. Then on May 10 the Union says :

"The Pasadena Gas and Electric Co. held a stockholders' meeting at
Williams hall yesterday afternoon, and elected the following officers : C. T.
Hopkins, Emmons Raymond, P. M. Green, R. Williams, G. A. Swartwout,
B. S. Eaton, and S. W. Bugbee, directors ; president, Hopkins ; vice presi-
dent, Swartwout ; treasurer, Green ; secretary, Williams : 545 shares ot
stock were represented, Mr. Raymond having taken 160 shares."

May 8 appears in the county records as the date of their incorpor-
ation. I found no further mention of their progress until October 2, 1886,
when the Pasadena Union said : " M. G. Elmore, contractor for building
the gas works, has 100 men at work on trenches, pipes, buildings, etc. The
Carlton and the Raymond hotels are to be lighted with gas by November i."

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 463

But meanwhile some change of organization was found necessary ; for the
same paper of December 4 made this report :

"The Pasadena Gas and Electric Light Co. was organized Thursday,
December 2, with the following officers : O. H. Conger, president ; E. C.
Webster, vice president ; P. M. Green, treasurer; Otto Froelich, secretary.
Emmons Raymond and C. S. Martin were added to the board of directors."

This is the company which was finally bought out by Prof. lyOwe, and
is now operated by him, with A. W. Roche as secretary and treasurer. No
statistics furnished. The gas is made from crude petroleum instead of coal.

Electric Light and Power Co. — In March, 1888, the Pasadena
Electric Light and Power Co. was organized by C. W. Abbott, J. M. Glass,
A. R. Metcalfe, D. Galbraith, J. H. Fleming, and C. M. Skillen. But the
articles of incorporation for this company were filed for record at Los An-
geles January 31, 1888. There were now two companies in the field, one,
"Gas and Electric"; the other, "Electric Light and Power." December 9,
1890, this company voted to increase its bonded indebtedness from $20,000
to $25,000. • The power-house is located on Broadway below California
street, and comprises, in 1894, three boilers and two engines, with gener-
ators, of II o-arc light capacity, and 1,200 incandescent capacity also. The
company has a contract for three years from January i, 1894, to supply the
city with sixty-eight arc lights ; and it has thirty miles of wires throughout
the city for its arc and incandescent light service. The power-house gives
employment to five men ; the number of line men employed varies from
time to time. The company's capital stock is $50,000. Its officers in 1894-
95 were : L. C. Torrance, president and manager ; L- P. Hansen, vice presi-
dent ; J. S. Torrance, secretary ; San Gabriel Valley Bank, treasurer.

The Siaroi May 29, 1895, reported an addition 40x50 feet to the power-
house, with a new engine of 250-horse power, and a new dynamo of 1,200-
light power, to increase the service.

The Grand Opera House. — In regard to this most ambitious under-
taking of the "boom " period I found great difficulty in getting particulars.
It seems to have been projected by E- C. Webster, with Frank M. Ward,
Ben E. Ward, L. J. Rose, Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas, and others engaged in
booming real estate on Raymond Avenue ; and the ' ' Pasadena Grand Opera
House Co." was incorporated March 21, 1887. The Board of Trade
pamphlet of 1888 said : "Among the new buildings that attract attention
is an opera house, which, now nearly completed, will cost $125,000." And
the Pasadena Standard oi February 16, 1889, said :

"The Grand Opera House was duly opened Wednesday evening [Feb-
ruary 13, 1889] with a great crowd in attendance. It is the finest and most
complete mechanico-symposium of stage devices on the Pacific coast, outside
of San Francisco. Mr. Wyatt, the lessee, says there is nothing equal to it
in any other town of the same size in the United States. Cost $100,000."

The company became bankrupt; and in May, 1891, Prof. Lowe bought

464 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

the building at bankrupt price, and made it headquarters for all his gas
patents, gas works, and mountain railroad and hotel enterprises. It is a
typical specimen of Moorish architecture. Its theater or opera house part is
still continued (1894-95) with Thaddeus Lowe, jr., as manager.

Southern Oil Company. — This enterprise was projected and worked
up by Geo. H. Coffin, to prospect for oil, sink wells, manufacture or refine
petroleum products, etc., and was organized at Pasadena on March i, 1895.
Incorporated March 29th, with the following as its first board of directors
and officers : Geo. H. Coffin, president and general manager ; A. H.
Palmer, vice-president ; Edwin Stearns, treasurer ; Chas. E. Getchell, sec-
retary ; Arthur H. Palmer, S. I. Stearns. Capital stock, $100,000. The
company by purchase and lease secured about 1,200 acres of land on the
hills south of South Pasadena and Lincoln Park, and have engine, derrick,
pumps, and other machinery there, prosecuting their business. But up to
time of this chapter going to press, oil had not yet been reached. July 8
their first prospect well was down and cased 400 feet.

poultry works.
The Oak Lawn Poultry Farm. — This was commenced in September
1885, by F. W. Machin, and was the largest and most heroic venture of the
kind ever attempted in South California. The farm was a 20-acre tract on
Allen Avenue south from Colorado street, and was a $12,000 enterprise,
based on the theory that the high price of poultry and eggs here would
make the home production of them a profitable business, in competition with
their shipment to Los Angeles from Kansas City, St. Louis, and all that
region. I had tried the same business myself in 1884 and failed of success —
hence made visits of observation occasionally to this larger and later venture.
This farm had or was planned for 100 houses for egg-layers — 50 hens to
each house with its own yard. Also 1,000 breeders, with yards 25x100 feet,
and 50 fowls to each yard. Four incubators, with total capacity of 2,000
eggs. Forty-eight artificial brooder yards for the baby chicks. Hospital
yards and coops for sick or injured fowls. The owner was F. W. Machin,
a business man of means, from Chicago ; and its manager was C. VonCulin,
a life-long worker and expert in this industry ; hence the experiment had
all that human interest and skill could furnish to make it a practical success.
Yet, at the outset, Ed. C. Clapp, Pasadena's pioneer poultryman, said to me
in his droll way, "I'll give them just four months to bust up and go to
smash with their whole business." Well, nature abhors a monopoly, as
well as a vacuum, and would not tolerate so much chicken life in so small a
space — at any rate not in Pasadenaland. In spite of all care, disease got
among the fowls ; young chicks by the hundred would be found dead in the
morning ; and, to shorten the story, in about six months this thicken
" boom " bursted, went out entirely, and left no .sign.

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 465

Ostrich Farm. — Early in 1885 an ostrich farm was started on the
banks of the Arroyo Seco at the end of Old Fair Oaks Avenue [now called
Lincoln Avenue]. A fee of twenty-five cents was charged to see the birds ;
but on April 10, 1885, it was announced that the ostrich farm is closed ex-
cept on Sunday, and the admission fee is then $1. Stephen Townsend ob-
tained a franchise and planned to build a street car line out to it, but finally
gave it up. The Dai'/j/ Star oi May 18, 1889, said :

' ' The nine ostriches at the Gardner ranch above town were disturbed
by a dog early this morning, and six of them broke out and scattered on the
run. Five of them were soon captured and returned to their quarters, and
a sixth was corralled by some of Vore & Hoag's men and run into their
back yard. The manipulations of the owner to rope this captive were wit-
nessed by a large crowd. The bird was finally led away in limbo. ' '

Ten days later the same paper reported :

' ' The last of the escaped ostriches was captured the other day by Mr.
Gardner. The bird was caught near the Brunk place, apparently on its way
to Switzer's to see what could be found to eat in the way of tin cans, etc."

For some reason the business did not succeed well ; and on September
2, 1 89 1, I find this last mention of it :

' ' The Pasadena ostriches which had been under attachment and in
charge of Qfiicer Slater for some weeks, were yesterday released and taken
to lyos Angeles, their owner, Dennison, having given a bond as security for
the payment of the amount claimed."

CKMKTERY AND HOSPITAL.

Mountain View Cemetery. — When the Orange Grove colony settled
here, and B. D. Wilson made them a free gift of the land now known as Al"
tadena, a man named J. W. Potts owned a considerable tract southwesterly
from that, and he offered his also to them if they would pay the delinquent
taxes on it. But they did not accept his offer ; and they would not have ac-
cepted Mr. Wilson's offer either, only that he assured them that the taxes
were paid, and they thought in that case they would "risk it" — -so little
were these upper slope lands valued in 1874. In 1875, however, Mr. Pott's
land was bought by the Giddingses, Col. Banbury, and others, and it was a
portion of this tract that was devoted to cemetery uses. The Pasadena
Cemetery Association was incorporated December 13, 1882, by E. H. Royce,
C. A. Hartwell, J. L. Hartwell, E. W. Giddings, J. R. Giddings, G. E-
Giddings, E. W. Giddings — the latter being elected president ; J. E. Hart-
well, vice president ; Calvin A. Hartwell, secretary and treasurer, which
position he still holds — 1895.

From the records of the company I have compiled this table of the

number of burials during the successive years :

1883 24 1887 133 1 89 1 109

1884 30 1888 146 1892 116

1885 29 1889 96 1893 138

1886 33 1890 104 1894 131

30

466 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Total to December 31, 1894 — 1,089. ^^^ fi^st interment ever made in
this cemetery was that of Mrs. Sophronia Johnson, aged forty-two, sister to
Samuel and Wm. Pierce ; she had died of consumption, and was buried
here February 6, 1883. During that year the bodies of L/aura C. Giddings,
Bartlett Cobb, and C. Morton Banbury were removed from Col. Banbury's
original home place on Orange Grove Avenue, and re-interred here ; and
eight other transfers were also made from private grounds to the new ceme-
tery, or a total of eleven during the year, so that there were only thirteen
deaths in Pasadenaland that year. During 1884 there were eight transfers,
leaving the local death roll for that year twenty-two. The cemetery com-
prises twenty-three acres of land ; gets its water supply from Rubio, Millard
and Negro canyons; and its grounds, pipes, reservoirs, buildings, etc., are
valued at about $30,000.

Crematory. — In 1895 the undertaking firm of Reynolds & Van Nuys
built a complete cremation furnace, with all appointments complete, in the
Mountain View Cemetery grounds.

Hospital. — As early as 1886-87 the question of having a hospital in
Pasadena began to be agitated or talked about, and various plans to this end
were from time to time promulgated ; but they all came to naught. In
1890-91 the matter was again talked up with renewed interest, and some
consideration was given it by the Board of Trade ; and at one time it did
seem as if something tangible would be done. James W. Scoville offered to
give $10,000 toward founding a hospital, if others would raise an equal
amount for it ; and Mr. Scoville even bought some eligible lots for a hospital
site. But the additional funds necessary were not raised ; Mr. Scoville died ;
and the whole project dropped out of view.

Then, in January, 1895, Dr. Jacob S. Hodge leased rooms 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, in the Masonic Temple, and opened a Receiving Hospital and
Surgical Institute there. And this was the first thing in the way of a
regular hospital service that ever came into Pasadena history, although
there had been " Sanitariums " of many and varied sorts for a score of years
before. The first patient put to bed in the " Receiving Hospital " was Ted
Dobbins, a young man about 18 years old with a broken leg, who was
brought down from the Mountain View cemetery on a litter in a wagon. In
August and September, 1895, was built the Torrance & McGilvray block, on
northwest corner of Raymond Avenue and Green street, and its second and
third stories were planned and built purposely for Dr. Hodge's Receiving
Hospital, with every provision in the latest and best style for comfort, con-
venience, sanitary safeguard, etc., of patients — even to air and sun baths on
the oriental roof-floor, reached by elevator.

PASADENA'S HISTORIC HOTELS.

The IvAke Vineyard House. — This was the first building ever erected
in Pasadena intended for use as a hotel, and was built by a Mr. Griswold

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS. 467

during the winter of 1879-80. In a letter written by D. M. Graham, Feb-
ruary 23, 1880, to the horticultural paper then published at Riverside, he
says : ' ' Mr. Griswold had several applications for rooms in his new hotel
before the plaster was dry." This was the only allusion to it that I found
in any of the early documents. In 1882, this house with fifteen acres of
land was bought by Isaac Banta, but he soon found that it was too far away
from the village, or " The Corners," as the business center was then called,
to make any success as a hotel — and it was also too small and inconvenient
to serve the growing demand for such accommodations. He, therefore, in
1882-83, bought from Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr a 3-acre lot where the First
National Bank, the Arcade Building, the City Hall, and other business
blocks are now located, and built there the Los Angeles House, on the
corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Colorado street — the same house which
now stands at the corner of Colorado and Delyacy streets. (This new hotel
was opened in July, 1883.) Mr. Banta' s son-in-law, Wm. T. Pierce, then
took the Lake Vineyard House ; and he also soon learned that as a hotel for
this enlightened country, its location, style of architecture, etc., foredoomed
it to failure. The Union of March i, 1884, said : "Mr. Butler has sold
his interest in the Lake Vineyard House to a Mr. Granger, who will take
possession at once." In 1885 the property was sold to Milford Fish ; he
altered the house into a dwelling and now resides there, corner of Marengo
Avenue and Florence street.

The Raymond Hotel. — In 1883, Mr. Walter Raymond, who was
then engaged in operating the ' ' Raymond Excursions ' ' from Boston to
California and return, conceived the project of building a great hotel some-
where in South California especially to accommodate the tourist travel, and as
a winter resort preferable to Florida, New Orleans, or Cuba. He examined
eligible sites at San Diego, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario, Los Angeles
and Pasadena ; and finally decided on what was then known as Bacon's hill,
on the Marengo ranch at Pasadena, as offering on the whole the best pros-
pect for success in such a great enterprise. And accordingly he bought the
site, which comprised fifty-five acres of land, including some springs and
portions of a brook. Mr. Raymond had no personal experience in the
hotel business, but in his excursion business he had gained a pretty good
knowledge of what tourists from the colder sections of our country wanted
in the way of hotel comforts, and he associated with himself, Mr. Gluck of
the International Hotel at Niagara Falls, and J. H. Littlefield, an experi-
enced architect of San Francisco, as co-workers on structural details of the
great hostelry building. Work was commenced in November, 1883, toward
cutting the hill down thirty-four feet lower than its original summit to make
a level plateau large enough for the foundation and the necessary driveways
and adjunct buildings, which would require a space of about five acres.

The grading contract was let at a given price per cubic yard for re-

468 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

moving earth, and another price for removing rock. To external appear-
ance at first the hill seemed mostly a body of earth that could be worked up
with pick and shovel, plow and scraper, and so be done without very great
expense. But as the work progressed it was soon found that the main bulk
of the hill was composed of a sort of cement rock or conglomerate, and a
peculiar formation of brecciable granite, or " bastard granite," as the work-
men called it. These were new features in the case ; and the more obdurate
material was of such an unusual character that it very soon became an im-
portant financial question whether it was in a legal sense "earth" or
"rock" material. This was submitted to a commission of experts at Los
Angeles, and they decided that it was "rock." This result at once more
than doubled the amount of money necessary beyond what was at first sup-
posed would accomplish the leveling down of the hill. Drilling and blast-
ing had to be resorted to on a large scale, and i,ooo kegs of black powder
and over a ton of giant powder were used up before the job was completed.
Thomas Banbury of Pasadena had this contract. The number of men and
teams employed varied at different times, but at one time as high as seventy-
five teams and 250 men were on the pay-roll of this job. Of course there
was then no railroad to Pasadena, and the lumber for the great building
was delivered by the Southern Pacific R. R. Co. at San Gabriel station,
and hauled up from there by teams, Mr. Banbury having this teaming
work in hand also. The grading and lumber hauling occupied about four
months of actual working time.

As a token and tender of their hearty good will toward Mr. Raymond's
enterprise, and their willingness to aid it all they could, the people of Pasa-
dena subscribed $1,400 to buy five shares of water, and pipe it to the hotel
site. The Pasade^ia Urtion of March i, 1884, said:

' ' Mr. Thomas Banbury, from the looks of things, will soon have the
old landmark. Bacon Hill, reduced to the proper level for the foundation of
the hotel. On Monday at high noon Mrs. Banbury lighted the three fuses
that exploded 2,500 pounds of powder, the consequence of which was the
complete disorganization of the last point of rock on the summit of the
hill."

The fact that a woman had touched off this tremendous blast was a mat-
ter of local celebrity at the time, and makes one of the historic incidents
connected with the erection of the Raymond hotel. That particular blast I
heard myself, and it made a little earthquake for a mile or two around. On
March 22 the Union said :

"Two vessels have arrived at San Pedro with 900,000 feet of lumber,
and 500,000 shingles for the Raymond hotel. The contract for hauling all
the lumber (2,250,000 feet) has been let, and work is rapidly progressing;
500,000 bricks are now burned and being used on the foundation, the first
brick of which was laid on Thursday."

On April 26 the same paper announced a suspension of work on the

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS.

469

hotel ; and stated in explanation that instead of costing $200,000, as first
proposed, it would cost nearly double that amount — and consequently a re-
vision of plans must be made. The fact was, the unforeseen granitic charac-
ter of the hill formation had unexpectedly increased the cost of grading and
foundation work two or three times beyond the first estimates. This sus-
pension continued about six months, and Pasadena watched and waited the
outcome with deep anxiety. Meanwhile the San Gabriel Valley railroad
was completed from L,os Angeles to Pasadena, and commenced running
regular trains September 16, 1885 ; and it was pretty well understood — in
fact, a confidentl}'^ trusted "open secret" even at that time — that this local
line was ultimately to become a part of the Santa Fe's great transcontin-
ental line ; and this' fact had much to do with determining the fate both of
Pasadena and the Raymond hotel. And this suspension stage of the hotel
work and its outcome are spoken of in the Union of June 4, 1886, from
which I quote this passage :

RAYMOND HOTEL — SOUTH-BY-WEST FRONT.
Photo, taken during its season of 1893-94.

"April 23, 1884, work on the hotel was stopped, owing to financial en-
tanglements. Mr. Raymond had exhausted his means and knew not where
to turn. At last he interested in the work his aged father, Emmons Ray-
mond, long-time president of the Passumpsic River Railroad. The elder
Raymond is 79 years old, but his days of usefulness are not ended, and
when he came to realize the possibilities of the projected hotel, he lent vig-
orous aid with purse and head. Perched on its conspicuous eminence, the
Raymond has been growing skyward since the 27th of last September,
when the elder Raymond, coming out from the east, devoted himself assid-
uously to the work. The great foundations had already been laid, 43,000
cubic yards of earth had been moved, and over a million bricks laid from
the bed rock up. Since then the whole superstructure has risen, and today
the vast building is very close upon completion. It is the most imposing
sight in Southern California, and, perhaps, the greatest undertaking ever

470

HISTORY OP PASADENA.

carried through here. The main building and the wings are four stories
high, the dining room wing, two stories. The tower is 104 feet high, seven
stories. There are forty-three bath rooms in the house, and forty water
closets. The hotel grounds comprise fifty-five acres. The building cost
$300,000."

The bricks for the foundation walls, chimneys, etc., were made by
Simons & Hubbard from Los Angeles, at a yard which they then started on
the Raymond grounds, east of where the great stable is now ; and the
Valley Union of November 13, 1885, reported forty masons and carpenters
then at work, and said, "the brick work will all be done this week except
the kitchen"; also that " 1,300,000 bricks will be used altogether." The
brick laying for the ovens and chimneys was done by Robert W. L,acy
of Pasadena, after whom DeLacy street was named by his son-in-law,
A. F. Mills. Mr. O. J. Muchmore from Ivcbanon, New Hampshire, was
general superintendent of the entire construction work, from the first foun-
dation brick to the last roof shingle. He had previously built large hotels
in Florida and the Bermuda Islands.

From the day that the elder Raymond took a hand in the enterprise,
the construction work went on steadily and vigorously to completion,* and
opening day was set for November 17, i886. Of this historic event I copy
the report of the Valley Union of November 20, 1886, which says :

"Wednesday evening, November 17, 1886, will mark the date of the
most notable and brilliant event that bas yet occurred in Southern California.
The occasion was the formal opening of the Raymond Hotel. At an early
hour guests began to arrive in carriages, and at nine o'clock two heavily
loaded trains had arrived from lyos Angeles, and as the throng passed up
the main avenue, lighted on either side with Chinese lanterns, the scene was

RAYMOND DEPOT, SANTA FE LINE.
Romanesque Architecture.

* The Raymond depot of the Santa Fe railroad has only a rear view of the great hotel. The elder
Raymond objected to this, saying with emphasis, " I don't want my guests dumped down in my slop-
yard." And there was some talk of running the railroad around south and east of Raymond hill, with
a depot on its east slope ; but it was not done. There was also talk of a tunnel from the present depot
in under the hotel, then ascend by elevator ; but this it was found would be too costly a job to under-
take.

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS.

471

one long to be remembered. At ten o'clock the great company bad nearly
all assembled, embracing about 1,500 guests."

The hotel had a successful season ; and it has been regularly open from
autumn to spring, or during the tourist season, every year since. Numer-
ous additions and improvements were made in the building and the premises
year by year.

DESTROYED BY FIRE.

On Easter Sunday, April 14, 1895, in the afternoon, this great hotel
caught fire from some defective flue near the southwest corner on the upper
floor. There was a stiff sea breeze blowing from the southwest at the time,
which made the flames spread rapidly, and get such headway before dis-
covered, that the fire hose on the different floors were utterly powerless to
check the swift progress of the fire as it swept directly toward the remain-
ing part of the immense structure, its annex and power-house, etc. In less
than one hour everything was down in one vast heap of fiery ruin. The
loss, as given by the manager. Gen. Went worth, was $450,000 ; insurance,
$205,000. There were 165 guests in the house Saturday night, besides
about fifty employes in the annex. The buildings were all of wood, and
the flames spread so rapidly that many lost all their clothing and personal
effects ; but no lives were lost, and nobody seriously injured. The hotel
safe was dragged out the next day with grappling hooks and chains from
the red-hot mass of fiery glowing embers, and its contents found unharmed.

, It is a remarkable coincidence that

Williel Thomson, who surveyed the
hill for grading and set the stakes for
the foundation walls — Thomas Ban-
bury, who graded the hill down thirty-
four feet from its original summit —
O. J. Muchmore, who superintended
the erection of the hotel — and Frank
A. Haskell, who did the first job of
painting on it — all happened to witness
its flamy destruction ten years later.
Mr. Vroman of Pasadena happened
to be there taking a photo of a very
fine rose bush in the yard, when the
fire broke out — and then he took sev-
eral views of the great structure while
it was burning.
The Carlton Hotel. — This was the first attempt to establish at the
Pasadena business center a hotel to be furnished and conducted in a style
recognized as " first class." It was the first building in the city to have a
passenger elevator. The base of the iron column at west side of its stairway

"Land^of Sunshine," May, 1895.
THE RAYMOND HOTEL ON FIRE.

472 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

entrance on Colorado street was the first bench-mark or datum plane estab-
lished by the city council, from which all official city grades or levels have
since been reckoned. And a number of notable events transpired within its
walls, which have given it a prominent place as one of our historic hotels.
[See cut, page 284.]

After some weeks of talk about building a large business block, a
syndicate was formed composed of Gen. Edwin Ward, th^n of Long Beach ;
the Harper & Reynolds hardware company of Los Angeles ; Geo. A. Swart-
wout, A. Cruickshank and E. C. Webster of Pasadena. At a meeting in the
first week of February, t886, they adopted the name " Exchange Block "
for their new building ; and on February 17, 1886, its corner-stone was laid
by the architect, Harry Ridgway and assistants, enclosing a sealed casket of
local newspapers, photographs, and other historic documents of Pasadena
flavor ; and speeches were made by C. T. Hopkins and Abbot Kinney. On
June 2, 1886, the "Exchange Block Company" was incorporated. On
August 17, 1886, occurred the visit of the National G. A. R. excursionists
to Pasadena on their way back east from their National Encampment at
San Francisco. The Exchange Block was not finished ; but its large east
rooms on first floor were cleared of rubbish, decorated, and used for the
banquet reception to these war-record visitors. [See page 320.]

In February, 1887, the city council meetings were being held in this
building and on the 19th of that month the famous prohibitory ordinance
was enacted here. Then in August, 1888, the lessees of the Carlton Hotel
were arrested for selling liquor there, contrary to the law, and the case had
some historic celebrity. [See page 264.]

On December 19, 1888, the editors of South California assembled in
the parlors of this hotel and here formed their State editorial association.
[See page 322.]

On January 28, 1889, occurred in this hotel the Astronomical banquet
[see page 326] which led to the placing of the Harvard photographing tele-
scope on Mount Wilson.

The Painter Hotel — This was the third large hotel enterprise
undertaken here, being built in 1887 by John H. Painter and sons, and
opened to the public in February, 1888. It is the distinguishing landmark
of North Pasadena, being situated on northeast corner of Fair Oaks Avenue
and Washington street, 1200 feet above sea level. M. D. Painter and wife
have been the managers of the hotel ever since it opened for business. It
is a historic building, because of sundry other large enterprises incidentally
associated with it. The Painter Bros, opened Fair Oaks Avenue from
Chestnut to Illinois street [see page 356], and built the horse car line from
Colorado street clear up past the hotel to Mountain View cemetery. They
also built a steam dummy R. R. line from the hotel to Devil's Gate ; pro-
jected Arroyo Park ; built the first large covered reservoir; etc., etc. But

DIVISION SIX — BUSINESS.

473

the father died in April, 1891 ; and then A. J. Painter died in November,
1893, in the midst of his plans for further development, and they had to
be abandoned. This hotel, with its adjunct grounds, livery barn, etc.,
represents an investment of about $80,000.

HoTKL Green. — The Hotel Green Co. was first projected in March,
1891, by Col. G. G. Green of Woodbury, New Jersey. The first meeting
to talk up and arrange for the organization of the company was held in the
oflBce of A. R. Metcalfe, Esq., Mr. Green's attorney in Pasadena ; and the
organization was finally made in Mr. Metcalfe's office on March 27, 1891,

HOTEL GREEN.
Moresque Architecture. Photo. 1895.

its members then being Col. G. G. Green, A. R. Metcalfe, H. W. Magee,
J. H. Holmes, and J. G. Rossiter. Col. Green was made president, and J.
H. Holmes secretary and treasurer. The hotel building was erected in
1891-92-93, with a frontage of 301 feet on Raymond Avenue by 91 on
Kansas [now Green] street, and five stories high. Its frontages are in
Moorish and Roman architecture, but the dining-room is a typical specimen
of classic Greek style ; and the whole structure, both internal and external,
has won fame as a grand symposium of the most imposing, elegant, chaste
and aesthetic elements of architectural science, scarcely excelled in New

474

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

York or lyondon except by mere bulk. Connected with the hotel are a
picturesque floral park ; a lawn tennis court and croquet ground ; a com-
plete steam power and electric light plant; and a dormitory annex— all
together representing an investment of about $450,000. J. H. Holmes is
the manager, with a corps of eighty -two employes. This hotel has the
historic association of having been the scene of a banquet to President
Harrison, ApHl 23, 24, 1891. [It was then a much smaller and very different
looking structure called "The Webster," built with money borrowed from
Col. Green.] Also, banquet to Prof. Lowe, in honor of the completion of
his electric railroad to Echo Mountain — August 23, 1893. Also, banquet
to Hon. A. G. Throop, founder of Throop Polytechnic Institute, on Pasa-
dena's first celebration of "Father Throop Day," December 21, 1893. [For
further account of these events, see pages 195, 328, 331.]

Echo Mountain House. — This house is the latest addition to Pasa-
dena's historic hotels, and it challenges the world for wonder fulness of

position and adjunct attractions. Its
projector and owner is the historic
Prof T. S. C. Lowe, of army balloon
fame, original inventor of artificial ice-
making machinery, and of water gas,
and other valuable devices. Its build-
ers were John V. Carson and his son
Eugene, cousins of the famous and histo-
ric Kit Carson, whose name is insepara-
bly associated with that of Col. John C.
Fremont in his world-famed Rocky Moun-
tain explorations, and initial conquest of
California. Among the workmen em-
ployed on its foundations was Jason Brown, a son of the great anti-slavery
leader, "Old John Brown " of Kansas and Harper's Ferry fame. It is built
on the summit of Echo Mountain, where its south and east front verandas look
down the mountain slope, and its rear projects over the declivity northward.
It is reached from below by the famous ' ' great cable incline, ' ' which is
practically a hotel elevator half a mile long and making a vertical rise of
1,300 feet in six to eight minutes, by electrical power — the only structure
of its kind now in the world (1895). In front of it on the mountain brow
stands the great electric searchlight, which was built for and used at the
World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 ; then at the sub-national
Mid- Winter Fair in San Francisco in 1894 — and is the largest and most
powerful instrument of its kind now in the world. A few rods up the
mountain side above the hotel is the Mount Lowe Observatory (in its
temporary location), in charge of Prof. Lewis Swift, a man of world-wide
fame as a discoverer of comets, and who holds rank with the foremost

ECHO MOUNTAIN HOUSE.

Colonial Architecture, with octagon rotunda
and tower at the wings' vertex.

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 475

astronomers of the world. Other adjuncts of this historic hotel are Rubio
Glen, with its half mile of stairways leading around or over nine mountain
gorge waterfalls. The menagerie of native animals, and its playful bear
which bit Jason Brown through the hand. The electric power house and
cable machinery for operating the "great incline." The electric spray
fountain. The electric trolly railroad to the summit of Mount L,owe, 6, loo
feet above sea level. About thirty miles of bridle roads and paths, leading
to countless points of rarest mountain surprises, or grandeur of view, or
deep historic interest. This hotel was formally opened to the public on
November 26, 1894, the occasion being signalized by a banquet held there
by the bankers of Southern California. Connected with this hotel's busi-
ness is the Mount Lowe Echo, a daily newspaper. [See page 222.] The
Pasadena Star stated that the receipts of the Echo Mountain House during
one day in July, 1895, amounted to $1,840.

DIVISION SEVEN— SOCIETARY.

CHAPTER XXV.

Religion. — Brief historic sketches of every Church, or Religious or Missionary Society

ever organized in Pasadena.

Note. — Instead of alphabetically they are given in chronological order, with the exception that
those of one denominational name are grouped together as adjuncts after the first one of the kind in its
proper date-place. Pictures of churches are only given as plates vcere furnished by their own people.

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The first public assemblage for religious services ever held in Pasadena
was a prayer meeting called and led by Rev. W. C. Mosher, a Presbyterian
clergyman, on August 30, 1874, in Charles H. Watts's bachelor shanty, on
what is now I^ive Oaks Avenue, in the Park Place tract. The people present
were : Mr. Mosher and wife, August Blix and wife, Moritz Rosenbaum and
wife, Wm. T. Clapp and his daughter Jennie [now Mrs. Rev. F. J. Culver].
About a month later, or as soon as Mr. Mosher could get his own house
into usable condition, near Fair Oaks Avenue on Walnut street, these meet-
ings were changed from Watts's to the Mosher house ; and to the prayer-
meetings was added a Sunday school, under the lead of Wm. T. Clapp and
Daniel H. Pike, Mr. Clapp being a Congregationalist and Mr. Pike a
Methodist. Then as soon as the first colony schoolhouse was ready for use, on
Orange Grove Avenue below California street, the meetings were held there.

476 HISTORY OF pasad:Bna.

And the first sermon ever preached iu Pasadena was by Mr. Mosher, in this
schoolhouse, on Sunday, February 7, 1875. On March 21, 1875, the Pres-
byterian church of Pasadena was organized in this schoolhouse, with Rev.
W. C. Mosher as pastor, and the following list of first members : Wm. T.
Clapp, Mrs. O. E. Clapp, Miss Jennie Clapp, Mrs. H. F. Skinner, Mrs. Gen.
Geo. Stoneman, Mrs. Mary S. Mosher, J. D. Vinnedge, August Blix, Mrs. Blix,
Thos. F. Croft, N. C. Carter, Mrs. Carter, Wm. H. Henderson, Mrs. Judge
Eaton, Mrs. Lavinia Stratton, Dr. H. G. Newton, Mrs. Newton, Josiah lyocke,
Dr. T. B. Elliott, Mrs. Elliott, Miss Helen J. Elliott. Out of these, Dr. New-
ton and W. T. Clapp were elected elders. And later. Dr. Elliott, Thos. F.
Croft and Daniel H. Pike were elected Trustees, with Mr. Clapp as treasurer
and Henry G. Bennett as clerk of the society. Steps were at once taken
toward the erection of a church building ; money was raised, deposited in
bank at Los Angeles, and the structure pushed forward in 1875-76. Mean-
while the bank failed, and $600 of their church building fund was lost out-
right. Nevertheless, they struggled on, and completed the building in 1876,
at a cost of about $2,300. Articles of incorporation were adopted July 18,
1876, but were not recorded until November 20th.

In July, '76, Mr. Mosher resigned the pastorate, and in August Rev.
James A. Mitchell became the pastor, commencing his labors in the new
edifice just completed, and which then stood on California street east of
Orange Grove Avenue. A parsonage lot of 2)4 acres was bought adjoining
the church lot for $375, and a parsonage built there at cost of $1,800, in 1877.

August 21, 1877, pastor Mitchell resigned; and October i anew pas-
tor, Rev. W. F. P. Noble, took the place. In November I. B. Clapp was
added to the board of ruling elders. Pastor Noble resigned January 23,
1880. [Died October 26, 1882.] The third Sunday in July following, Rev.
Alvin Baker became the pastor. And November 20 Asahel Foote was
chosen a ruling elder. [Died July 15, 1882.] In July, 1882, pastor Baker
resigned ; and on the first Sunday in October following, Rev. L,. P. Craw-
ford took charge as pastor ; and in November John Ross was made a ruling
elder. October 26, 1884, pastor Crawford resigned ; and on Sunday, October
25, 1885, Rev. M. N, Cornelius was installed in the pastorship, having
served as "supply " since January 25. Early in September of this year the
matter of removing the church to a more central location was agitated, and
was finally referred to a committee,, as follows : Rev. Cornelius, and elders
W. T. Clapp, I. B. Clapp and John Ross; and trustees H. H. Markham,
Geo. A. Swartwout, D. Galbraith, E. ly. Farris, and W. B. McCormick ;
and members. Rev. Dr. Coyner, Rev. W. C. Mosher, H. G. Bennett, Rev.
Williel Thomson, A. Cruickshank, Dr. Wm. Converse, Geo. A. Green, and
J. H. Fleming. This committee made a divided report to a general meeting
on Wednesday afternoon, September 30. In the general meeting a majority
voted for removal, and for taking all the church property or proceeds of its

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY.

477

sale to the new location. [In consequence of this sweeping action, the
ruling elders and many of the members withdrew from the church, and
eventually united in establishing the First Congregational church in the
same vicinity.] On November 8 Mr. Cornelius preached for the last time in
the old location ; and during the ensuing week the church edifice was
removed to its new site on Worcester Avenue, where it was built-in as a
part of the large new structure erected in 1886 on the corner of Colorado

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
English-Gothic Architecture. Photo. 1895.

Street and Worcester Avenue. During the autumn of 1888 the first mas-
sive pipe organ ever brought to Pasadena was put into this church, at a cost
of $6,000.

In January, 1889, pastor Cornelius resigned ; and Rev. Wm. Ormiston,
D. D.,L,L, D., preached as " supply " from July, 1889, till December, 1890.
Rev. N. H. G. Fife was next called to the pastorate, being installed
October 7, 1891, and is still in service — 1895. In the night of December
10-11,1891, the lofty steeple of the church was blown down by a fierce
wind storm, and fell over into Colorado street. [See page 165.]

478 HISTORY OF PASADE^NA.

In June, 1892, the church published a little manual or directory of its
membership, which showed a total of 345 names on the roll, but 39 of them
were listed under "Residence unknown." In April, 1893, the membership
was reported as 412. Contributions the previous year to the eight benefi-
cences of the church, $1,147 ! to other benevolent objects, $142 ; to current
expenses, $6,704. Total contributions, $7,993.

Auxiliary Organizations within the church. — The first one formed,
besides the Sunday school was the "Woman's Home and Foreign Mission-
ary Society," organized March 24, 1883, with Mrs. Mary S. Mosher as first
president. Mrs. S. V. Maxfield president in 1893-94. Other bodies are :
lyadies' Aid Society ; Mrs. ly. K. McCoy, president. King's Messengers
Missionary Band ; Miss Mary Mosher, president. Young People's Society
of Christian Endeavor ; John D. Habbick, president. Junior Endeavor So-
ciety ; Robt. M. Allen, president. Sabbath school ; Walter Graves, super-
intendent. Trustees ; F. C. Bolt, president.

Calvary Pre;sbyterian Church — was incorporated April 30, 1888
[county record gives Nov. 9, 1888], and held its meetings in the old College
building on Columbia Hill — now CD. Daggett's residence. Its first mem-
bers were : Rev. Williel Thomson and Rev. A. M. Merwin ; J. R. Ells

and wife ; D. Gamble and wife ; Geo. Young and wife ; McEain and

wife ; T. F. Twinting and wife ; Mrs. A. F. Thompson ; and others. Their
first minister was Rev. Merwin, as " supply." Then Prof. Albert McCalla,
Ph. D., served them some months as "supply." But in 1891 Rev. A. A.
Dinsmore was installed as pastor, and still holds — 1895.

During the winter of 1888-89 they purchased a lot 138x200 feet (aver-
age) at corner of Columbia and Beacon street, and erected there a neat
little church edifice ; lot and building costing about $6,000. The church
was dedicated in April, 1889. Its auxiliary societies, besides Sunday
school, are Eadies' Missionary Society, — Y. P. S. Christian Endeavor.
Church members in April, 1895, about 30.

First United Presbyterian Church of Pasadena. ^ — The first
meeting to consider the matter of organization was held in Williams hall.
Those present were : Rev. H. W. Crabbe from Eos Angeles ; Rev. James
Kelso and wife, A. W. McCormick and family, B, M. Kelso, and about
twenty others. The church was organized March 8, 1888, with the follow-
ing members : T. B. Simpson and family, Alex. McCormick and family,
Jared and Margaret Graham, Robt. Patterson, Jane Wallace, Rev. James
Kelso and family, James and Mrs. Robb and family, W. H. Kelso and
family, and B. M. Kelso. Services discontinued in April, 1892.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The first Methodist sermon ever preached in Pasadena was by Rev.
Solomon Dunton from Marshaltown, Iowa — father-in-law to Col. J. Ban-
bury. This was on February 14, 1875, in the original colony school-house

DIVISION SEVKN — SOCIETARY. 479

on Orange Grove Avenue, south. Rev. W. C. Mosher, Presbyterian, had
preached there just the Sunday previous the first sermon of any sort ever
delivered in this vicinage. The church people of the colony thus main-
tained a union meeting for some months.

April i8, 1875, a Methodist "class" was organized by Rev. J. M.
Campbell of Los Angeles, with I. N. Mundell as leader, and the following
first members : D. H. Pike, Lucinda Pike, A. O. Porter, Anna Porter, P.
M. Green, Hettie Green, W. J. Barcus, Elmina P. Barcus, I. N. Mundell,
Anna Mundell, and Elizabeth Edwards. This of course was the beginning
of a distinctively Methodist church; and on July 18, this year. Rev. F.»D.
Bovard commenced preaching for them regularly every alternate Sunday.
This continued until September, when the Conference made Pasadena a part
of a circuit which included East Eos Angeles, Florence and Vernon also,
and Rev. C. W. Tarr was appointed over it. He preached at Pasadena
once in two weeks until April 23, 1876, when he held his last service here
in the then unfinished new Presbyterian church building on California
street. Mr. Tarr returned east, and Rev. J. W. Stump of Eos Angeles
preached here until July. Then on July 2, 1876, Rev. Charles Shelling
commenced his labors here, with a notable centennial sermon for that day,
and continued as the Methodist pastor of Pasadena until September, 1878.

October 13, 1876, Rev. Shelling, A. O. Porter, D. H. Pike and P. M.
Green were appointed a building committee to raise funds, buy a lot and let
contract for a church building of their own. Times were extremely " hard "
in California that year, and their numbers few; yet by January 7, 1877,
they had their new church dedicated, free of debt. It stood where now is
the corner of Orange Grove Avenue and Palmetto drive. Mr. Shelling
also procured a church to be built at Alhambra, which was in bis circuit.

During the Conference year 1878-79, Rev. F. S. Woodcock was pastor
at Pasadena and Alhambra ; and in September, '79, the Pasadena church
reported 39 members. For the ensuing year Rev. E. S. Chase was pastor
of the two places. Then in September, 1880, Rev. R. W. C. Farnsworth
was appointed ; he served the two places two years, and the third year had
Pasadena alone. [It was during this period that he prepared his book en-
titled " A California Paradise," which was published in 1883. It took in
Pasadena, Alhambra, San Gabriel, Ea Canyada, Sierra Madre and Duarte.]
During Farnsworth's last year a parsonage was built.

In September, 1883, R^v. J. B, Green became the pastor ; and during
his term the church was moved from its original site on Orange Grove
Avenue to a lot on Colorado street next to Wiley & Greeley's livery stable.
In September, 1884, Rev. A. W. Bunker became the pastor and continued
two years.

January 23, 1886, it was decided to erect a new church and parsonage
combined, after a design furnished by Ridgway & Ripley, architects — ^to

48o

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

cost $15,000. On Sunday, February 7, Rev. Dr. J. G. Miller preached a
sermon on the subject; and then $7,000 was pledged, in addition to $600
cash on hand, and the other property of the church valued at $3,000. A
building committee was appointed, as follows : C. B. Ripley, Geo. E-
Meharry, P. M. Green, C. W. Roberts, C. W. Buchanan, and the pastor.
Work was commenced on the foundation March 8, 1886 ; and on April 16
the corner stone was laid, with appropriate ceremonies. The stone itself
was donated by A. F. Mills, and the box or sealing casket by F. D. Stevens.
In the box were deposited twenty-eight different books, documents,
papers, etc. At this time further subscriptions amounting to over $1000
were pledged for the building fund. The work went forward vigorously ;
and the Union of June 25, 1886, gave this summarized account of it :

"M. B. church and parsonage, corner Marengo Avenue and Colorado
street ; Gothic style of architecture. Ridgway and Ripley, architects ; John
McCracken, superintending master workman. The combined building is
72x122 feet. The parsonage part contains eight rooms besides halls,
closets, pantry, bath-rooms, etc.; the church area is 70x78 feet; auditorium
45x45 on floor and 34 feet high, with front gallery. Also, lecture room, 4
class rooms, pastor's study, church kitchen, church parlors ; tower and

Total cost, $15,000."

A report made on corner-stone day
showed that 268 persons had been full mem-
bers of this church since its organization.
On July 9th this year they sold their church
lot on Colorado street to Wiley & Greeley
a\ and David Evej^ for $6,000 cash. (These
men afterward sold the building to the Uni-
versalist people.) On March 20, 1887, the
new church was dedicated, free of debt.
December 11, 1890, its great steeple was
"blown down. [See page 165.]

In 1888 the people of this church

M. E. CHURCH. erected the historic building known as "The

Tabernacle," 80x90 feet, two stories, with

steeple 140 feet from ground.

After the steeple was blown down.

seating capacity of 2,000, at a cost of $10,700.

In September, 1886, Rev. P. F. Bresee, D-. D., became pastor, and was
continued four years, till 1890 ; then Rev. J. W. Phelps was appointed, and
continued three years. On September 26, 1893, Rev. Clark Crawford com-
menced his work as the pastor, and still fills the place in 1895. In April,
1895, the roll of members in full connection was 973; probationers about
40. Number of class meetings, 11. Members of Sunday school over 600.
The other auxiUary organizations are: Epworth League, Junior E. Iv-,
Boys' Brigade, Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, Young Women's F.
M. S., Wesley Band (missionary), Women's Home Missionary Society.

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 48 1

These various missionary societies maintain the Chinese Mission on North
Marengo Avenue ; and also mission Sunday services at L,amanda Park and
I^a Canyada.

The pulpit stand of the Tabernacle has been occupied by many famous
people, among whom I mention these : Rev. Sam Jones in 1888. The next
morning after speaking, Jones called on Dr. Bresee in his study and was
smoking a cigar. The room being small was soon filled with smoke, which
annoyed the Doctor, and he opened a window to get some unbefouled air.
Jones remarked, " You Pasadena people don't favor smoking very much ! "
Dr. Bresee hesitated a moment, scratching his head for an idea, then replied,
' ' No ; we've repeyited of ozcr sins. ' '

On March 12, 1889, the world-famed evangelist, D. L. Moody, preached
here, and was given a collection of $80. The attendance was reported at
2,000. August 5, 1890, the distinguished temperance orator of Kentucky,
Col. Geo. W. Bain, spoke here. In 1891 Rev. B. Fay Mills, of preeminent
celebrity in evangelistic work, conducted meetings for a week in the Taber-
nacle. In September, 1894, Gen. I^ew Wallace, whose masterful Christian
story of "Ben Hur" has been translated around the world, spoke here.
June 21, 1895, the world-famed Susan B. Anthony and Rev. Anna H. Shaw
spoke here, on the Woman Suffrage question.

A printed report September 30, 1891, showed that the church had raised
and paid for current expenses the preceding year $7,432.15.

German Methodist Episcopal Church. — In 1882 Rev. G. H. Bol-
linger, presiding elder of the German district which included Pasadena,
commenced holding cottage services for the German people here, who were
few and widely scattered at that time. In the autumn they organized a
German M. E. church at the house of C. H. Biedebach, on north Santa
Anita Avenue near Eamanda Park, with fourteen members. Of this organ-
ization Mr. Biedebach was the class leader and local preacher ; and Chas.
Brenner was steward. December 23, 1886, they incorporated under the
name of "Emanuel Methodist Episcopal church," and bought a lot for a
church and parsonage at corner of Worcester Avenue and Ramona street,
where they erected buildings in the spring of 1887, at a cost of $3,500.
Church can seat 225. The first board of trustees were : C. Brenner,
A. Ruedy, and Henry, John and Conrad Biedebach. In April, 1895, the
church had about sixty-five members. Its successive pastors have been :
Rev. Bollinger, 1882-83; Rev. Wm. Schuldt, 1883 to 1886; Rev. L. E.
Schneider, 1886 to 1888; Rev. Schuldt again, 1888 to 1891 ; Rev. Bollinger
again, 1891, and serving yet — 1895.

North Pasadena M. E. Church.-- During the Conference year
1888-89, Rev. W. A. Wright was appointed to preach at the mission
stations of Olivewood and North Pasadena. The next year, 1889-90, Rev.
T. C. Miller was put on the same circuit. And then Rev. A, W. Bunker

31

482 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

filled this appointment for the two years, 1890 to 1892. During these years
the meetings had been held in a hired hall, but in 1892 this church bought
the Free Methodist church building on Pepper street, and have since
worshipped there. Rev. A. C. Manwell was the pastor in 1892-94. And
Rev. J. A. Wachob in 1894-95.

African Methodist Episcopal Church. — Rev. J. R. McClain
held a meeting at the house of Silas Carnahan, who then lived at the west
foot of Raymond Hill, about September i, 1889, at which only four or five
persons were present. But the next Sunday, September 5, a meeting was
held and the church organized in the old City Hall building on Raymond
Avenue, with the following first members: C. G. Lee, S. Carnahan, Hen-
derson Boone, A. lyumis, Alfred Summers, Mrs. Sadie Wright, Miss Mamie
Wright, Mrs. Penelope Prince and her sons Wm. and Frank M. Prince,
Mrs. James Coleman, Cora Cambell. The officers then were : Rev^ McClain,
pastor ; Mr. lyce, superintendent Sunday school ; Carnahan, Summers,
Boone, and Albert Muse, trustees. After holding meetings in rented rooms
at different points for several }'ears, they finally secured a lot on North Fair
Oaks Avenue near Villa street, and in 1892 built a church on it ; then in
1895 they added a parsonage, the lot and buildings costing $1,700. In
April, 1895, there were thirty-two members. Besides the Sunday school,
they have a Literary Society and a Woman's Mite Missionary Societ5^

Their successive pastors after McClain have been Rev. Curran, Rev.

Chas. Augustus, Rev. C. W. H. Nelson, Rev. W. R. Green, Rev. S. S.
Freeman. In 1894-95 the Pasadena pastor preached also at Duarte and
Pomona, where classes had been organized — these three places making the
' ' Pasadena circuit. ' '

Free Methodist Church. — During the month of May, 1888, Rev.
C. B. Ebey of the Illinois Conference of the Free Methodist church came
to Pasadena. Assisted by Rev. C. E. McReynolds he conducted a series of
meetings in a tent on grounds owned by Dr. Reid, corner of Pasadena
Avenue and Kansas streets, and on Sunday, June 17, 1888, Rev. Ebey
organized the first Free Methodist church in Southern California. Names
of first members : J. A. Bennett, Sarah W. Bennett, Maggie F. Bennett,
E. E. Warren, Mrs. McReynolds, Mary McReynolds, C. M. Farr, Carrie
Farr, E. C. Shipley, Eliza Shipley, Eunice Shipley, Mattie Ebey, Wm. H.
Ball, Sadie Ball, Carrie Abbott. The first officers were : Rev. C. B. Ebey,
pastor ; J. A. Bennett, class leader ; E. C. Shipley, local preacher ; C. M.
Farr, J. H. Bennett, E. E. Warren, stewards. Later the tent was moved to
North Pasadena, where a more extensive work was accomplished, — a lot
purchased and a neat church built. In 1892 this property was sold to the
North Pasadena M. E. church, and a lot purchased on Fair Oaks Avenue,
near Chestnut street, on which a good church and parsonage were erected in
1892-93, The successive pastors after Ebey were : Rev. Chas. McReynolds,

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY.

483

1889. — Rev. Josephine Cowgill, 1890 — [now, 1895, serving as a missionary
in Jerusalem]. — Rev. David McLeod, 1 891 92 — now postmaster at North
Pasadena : and the new church on Fair Oaks Avenue was built under his
pastorate. — Rev. James Seals, 1894. — Rev. J. S. Phillips, 1895.

M. E. Church South. — Organized in May, 1889, with Rev. J. A.
Harmon as pastor. It was kept up over a year, then abandoned, the mem-
bers mostly uniting with other churches.

FRIENDS church.

In 1 88 1 a Quaker minister named Adonijah Gragory and wife settled
at Sierra Madre, and about August ist they commenced holding Sunday

FRIENDS CHURCH. Photo. 1895.

meetings of their own order at their house. To these meetings several
Pasadena families of the same persuasion frequently went, until June, 1882,
when they held the first Quaker meeting in Pasadena, at the home of Wm.
Sharpless on north Los Robles Avenue, There were present : A. Gragory
and wife, Wm. Sharpless and wife, Edith Painter, Samuel Bundy, Emmor
Rood, Tacy Rood, Robt. C. Hiatt and wife, and perhaps others. From this
time the meetings were held alternately at Mr. Gragory's in Sierra Madre
and in Pasadena at various private houses, as John and Edith Painter's.
Eawson HoUingsworth's, Samuel Bundy 's, Smith James's, etc.

In July, 1883, John H. Painter gave lumber and leased a lot on North
Marengo Avenue above Illinois street, and a small building was erected in
which to hold the meetings. Then a church was regularly organized, and

484 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

a Monthly Meeting also, with 67 original members. This first meeting
occurred on the first Saturday of March, 1884. A Sunday school was also
organized, with T. K. Bufkin as superintendent.

In 1885, Rev. Jeremiah A. Grinnell became pastor of the church — the
first to fill this oflQce ; and he also served as a presiding elder, visiting, en-
couraging and aiding all the churches of this order in Southern California.
The successive pastors after Father Grinnell have been : Reuben H.
Hartley ; C. C. Reynolds ; Dr. Wm. Nicholson ; Ruth B. Ridges ; Prof.
C. E. Tebbetts — 1895. In 1888 a Christian Endeavor society was organ-
ized within the church, with C. C. Reynolds its first president. And before
this a Woman's Foreign Mission society had been formed.

Early in 1886, a new church edifice was erected at the corner ot
Marengo Avenue and Mountain street, at a cost of $3,500, and seating over
300. It was dedicated November 28, 1886. In 1894 ^^lis church was
moved to a more central location, corner of Raymond Avenue and Villa
street, and considerably enlarged, at a cost of $2,800. Rededicated first
Sunday in March, 1895.

In 1895 the Whittier Quarterly Meeting was divided, so as to establish
a Pasadena Quarterly Meeting, composed of Monthly Meetings at Pasadena,
Wildomar, Long Beach, San Jose and Berkeley. (The original organization
was incorporated May 16, 1891, under title of " Pasadena Quarterly Meeting
Society of Friends, to assemble at Whittier.")

Pasadena Meeting, Society of Friends, under Discipline of Ohio
Yearly Meeting. — The first meeting of this order was held December 5,
1886, at the house of Wm. Penn Evans, corner Walnut street and Los
Robles Avenue — the place now called "Rosedale," and owned in 1894-95 by
R. M. Furlong. Those present at this meeting were : David Evans, Sarah
T. House, Elisha Roberts and wife, Ann Sharpless, Mary Hanner, Josiah
Stratton and family, Allen and Mary Lee, Caroline Cope, W. P. Evans and
wife, Edward Sharpless, Wm. Shaw and family. Meetings were held at the
same place for about a year ; and afterward at Wm. Shaw's house at Monks
Hill, and other private houses, until the spring of 1894, when they built a
goodly meeting house at the corner of Galena Avenue and Villa street.
Mary Lee is a minister. Abram Cowgill is clerk of the society. There
were about fifty-five members in April, 1895. The Daily Siaroi January 8,
1895, said :

"A committee from the Hickory Grove (Iowa) Quarterly Meeting of
Friends, composed of Zacheus Test and wife (parents of our townsman,
L. L. Test), John Thomas and wife, Albert Emmons and wife, Anna
Painter (sister of M. D. Painter), Nathan Satterthwaite and Joshua Smith
arrived here Saturday night for the purpose of establishing a " Meeting of
Discipline " in the Friends church on the corner of Villa and Galena. The
visit will result in giving the society full power as the Pasadena Monthly
Meeting, under the Iowa Quarterlj^ and Yearly Meeting."

I

DIVISION SEVKN — SOCIETARY.

485

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.

The first meeting to talk up organization was held November
7, 1883, in Good Templars' hall in the old Library building.
Those present were Rev. J. J. Woolsey, Rev. S. S. Fisk and wife,
Henry Fisk, W. P. Jacobson, Miss Carrie Jacobson, D. Williams, O. S.
Barber and wife, F. C. Quarles and wife, Mrs. Mary E. Case, Mrs. Martin
MuUins. The next Sunday, November 14, they met again and completed
the organization by electing Rev. Fisk as pastor ; E. T. Pierce, clerk ;
S. Washburn, treasurer.

May I, 1885, pastor Fisk resigned. The church had now secured Wil-
liams hall for its meetings, and preaching services were led by Rev. L. W.
Hayhurst and others as "supply" until March, 1886, when Rev. T. N.
Lord became the pastor. On March 23 articles of incorporation were
adopted, and the first board of directors chosen, to-wit : S. Washburn, A. J.
Brown, Dr. Theron Nichols, L. F. Miller, Joseph Wallace. At same time
a lot 75x210 feet was purchased from Charles Legge at corner of Fair Oaks
Av^enue and Locust street, for $1,800,
and steps taken to proceed at once
with the erection of a church edifice.
This work was pushed to completion
so that they held their first Sunday
services within its walls on September
26, 1886. On February 27, 1887, the
church was dedicated, free of debt ;
and the treasurer's report (showing all
bills paid) footed up the total cost as
$1^111 -11 — 2- most singular sextuple
tally of the Scriptural " perfect num-
ber." In August, 1887, pastor Lord
resigned. And January 22, 1888, Rev.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. Photo. 1894.

C. E. Harris became the pastor, in which ofiice he continued until his death,
September 25, 1894. During 1893-94 a considerable addition was built to
the church. The membership in 1894 was 212. Volumes in library, 305.
The church auxiliaries, besides Sunday school, are : Ladies Aid Society,
Ladies Missionary Society, Children's Mission Band, Baptist Young People's
Union. Officers in 1894 : Pastor, Rev. C. E. Harris. Trustees: Milford Fish,
J. W. Camper, Ernest Canfield, A. A. Chubb, C. A. Whitman. Deacons :
L. F. Miller, E. Canfield, M. Fi.sh, A. J. Brown. Clerk, Geo. Taylor ;
treasurer, Milford Fish. Superintendent Sunday school, J. H. Merriam.
Rev. C. T. Douglas entered upon the pastorate April 21, 1895.

A printed report of 1893 gives the value of the church property as
$8,000. Amount of church expenses for the preceding year, $1,485.08 ;
and other contributions for various branches of church mission work, mak-
ing the total of funds raised and paid out, $1,855.53.

486 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

German Baptist Church. — A Baptist Convention report of 1893 ^as
in its list of churches, "Pasadena German; Theodore Hansen, clerk —
organized in 1887." But no other data are given. The Pasadena Standard
of November 23, 1889, said : "The German Baptist or Dunkard society of
Pasadena procured a lot and erected a church building, about two years ago,
by borrowing money therefor and giving a mortgage of $3,300 on the prop-
erty. The members were poor, many of them have moved away, the
mortgage had to be foreclosed, and now the holder, Wm. H. Wood, has the
premises in lawful possession."

Rev. F. C. Koehler, a German Baptist preacher, resided here at that
time; and his name was still in the list of Pasadena clergymen in 1893.

Friendship Baptist Church of Pasadena (Colored). — The first
meeting to talk up organization was held at the home of Mrs. Maria Hill on
Vernon Avenue. A Sunday school was commenced on the fourth Sunday
in June, 1893, by Robert McDow ; then a prayer meeting was formed,
which grew into a church that was organized the third Sunday in Septem-
ber, 1893. The names of the first members were: J. M. Fowler, R. Scott,
Maria Hill, Mittie Scott, Rosa Fowler, Alice Griffin, Anna Fowler, Rowena
Ballard, Henrietta Fowler. Rev. J. M. Fowler was the first pastor, and
Reuben Scott the first deacon. The number of members in 1894 was 25.
Rev. Fowler still pastor ; Scott, deacon, with Henry Griffin and James
Coleman added ; W. C. Dent, clerk ; J. Coleman, treasurer. Superintendent
of Sunday school, Y. M. Moulton ; assistant superintendent, Mrs. Cora
Strother.

episcopal church.

All through the month of February, 1884, the Pasadena Union
contained this notice in its weekly list of churches: "Episcopal. —
Services every Sunday, except first of month, at 3 o'clock. Sunday
school at 2 p. M." No names mentioned nor place of meeting given.
But in the paper of March 8th the notice was changed to read thus:
"Episcopal. — Services every Sunday, in Williams Hall at 11 o'clock."
Still no name given of who conducted the services. But the paper of
April 5th announced that on and after April 6th these services would be
held in Library Hall at 3 p. m., by Rev. A. W. Macnab, the newly appointed
missionary ; and on and after Easter Sunday the services would be held
regularly at 11 a. m. (It appears that the services previously had been
conducted by the Dean, N. G. L. Trew, of San Gabriel.) In the paper of
May 10 it was first designated as "All Saints Mission, Pasadena, Branch of
San Gabriel Valley Associate Missions."

In February, 1885, Rev. Macnab engaged Ridgway & Ripley to build
a chapel for this mission, on East Colorado street, near where Euclid Avenue
is now. In March Capt. D. R. Risley gave a Bible for the pulpit, and E. T.
Hurlbut gave a communion service. The chapel was completed and first

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 487

occupied for Easter services April 5, 1885, Rev. Macnab and Rev. J. B.
Britton officiating. The next day the annual meeting was held, with Dean
Trew present, and the building committee reported debts all paid. The
first parish officers were: Dr. J. M. Radebaugh, warden ; C. Scharff, secre-
tary ; W. S. Arnold, treasurer ; J. W. Hugus and Ben K. Ward delegates to
diocesan convention. [This chapel was ultimately sold to the North Pasa-
dena Congregational church, who moved it north, reconstructed and added
to it, and have it now in use — 1895.]

Succeeding Rev. Macnab, Rev. J. D. H. Browne was installed rector
July II, 1886. Early in 1888 the work was commenced for erection of their
present fine Gothic stone church on North Euclid Avenue. In 1889 Rev.
G. A. Ottman succeeded Rev. Browne in the rectorship, and started a local
parish paper called All Saints Record. [See page 219.] In 1891 Rev.
Wyllys Hall, D. D., succeeded Rev. Ottman as rector, and still fills the
office — 1895.

Auxiliary societies within the church are : Saint Andrew's Brotherhood;
the Woman's Guild — divided into eight chapters for special branches of
church work ; the Choir Guild ; Daughters of the King. The rector is ex-
officio president of each one. A report by the church treasurer, Dr. E. E.
Gaylord, March 27, 1894, showed total funds raised by the church during
the preceding year, $4, 167.41. Expended, $4,152.33. Besides this, there
had been received for the building fund $1,653; and paid out from it
$1,540.50. April 7, 1893, the Woman's Guild gave in the Grand Opera
House an exhibition called "Pageant of Roses," composed and arranged
for them by Mrs. C. D. Daggett, which was the most elaborate and gorgeous
entertainment ever given in Pasadena by any church. It was for the benefit
of the church building fund, toward which this guild contributed during
the year $1,456.

January 27, 1895, an aluminum pipe organ, just completed in the
church at a cost of $3,500, was first used and dedicated for Christian
worship.

FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

(Also called "Disciples," or "Disciples of Christ.") The first meeting
of this order in Pasadena was on May 11, 18S4, at the home of D. H. Bixby
on South Los Robles Avenue. Those present were : ly. C. Foote and wife.
L. H. Bixby and wife, C. M. Phillips and wife, Mrs. Sarah J. Allen, J. M.
Craig and wife, E- A. Evans and wife, F. A. Foote, and Miss May Phillips.
These people kept up "Cottage Meetings" for nearly two years, then
rented Library Hall and engaged Elder B. F. Coulter of Eos Angeles to
preach for them. May 17, 1886, they became incorporated, and in this step
there were added to the above names those of F. M. Randolph and wife, P.

A. Riggins and wife, Martin Davis and wife, Mrs. Edith Robbins, Mrs. John

B. Hill, Mrs. W. H. Wiley, Mrs. Geo. A. Greeley. Their first board ol

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

directors were lyUther
Foote, Evans, Randolph,
Bixby, and Phillips.
The}' bought from A. F.
Mills a lot on Del,acy
street for $450, and pro-
ceeded at once to build
a house of worship. De-
cember II, 1890, this
building was blown
down. [See page 165.]
The society then secured
a vacant store-room on
North Fair Oaks Avenue

FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Photo. 1894. ^ud fitted it Up for thcit

use. But in 1892, under the energetic pastorship of Elder T. D. Garvin,
they bought the lot and built the handsome little church in Norman
style of architecture, on the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Mary
street, as it stands in 1S95. The successive pastors of this church have
been : Elders B. F. Coulter, John A. Hedrick, F. W. Pattee, A. J. Wood,
Wm. Bayard Craig, T. D. Garvin, H. Elliott Ward. The membership in
April, 1895, was something over 300. Auxiliary organizations within the
church are : Eadies' Aid Society, Ladies' Missionary Society, Young People's
Society of Christian Endeavor, Junior Y. P. S. C.E., Bible School, Chinese
Mission School.

Holiness Church. — In 1884 the people of this order built a little
church in the vicinity of North Moline Avenue and Ashtabula street, in
O. K. Hines's subdivision. At that time that location was "away out in
the country." Among its principal members were Isaac McCollum and
family; Mrs. Eliza Jacobson and her daughter Carrie, and a few others. In
1888 they held a camp meeting on Dr. Reid's lots at corner of Pasadena Avenue
and Kansas street ; and then they rented the frame building next south of
the Wooster block on Fair Oaks Avenue, occupying it as their church and
parsonage. Rev. J. H. Clark, pastor till 1893, when he and his wife joined
the Salvation Army and went into its missionary work. In 1893 the society
established their church on North Fair Oaks Avenue, near Peoria street.

FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

The first religious services of this order ever held in Pasadena
was in an unfinished upper room called Wakeley's hall, on Colorado
street, on Sunday, May 10, 1885. Rev. J. H. Warren, D. D., of
San Francisco, state superintendent of Home Missions, had come
here to view the field. That was the only room he could get. It

DIVISION SEVERN — SOCIETARY. 489

had no seats, and he borrowed about two dozen chairs from the roller
skating rink to serve his purpose. The only names I found of persons
present at that first meeting were : Mrs. R. K. Burnham, Miss Etta Burn-
ham, Dr. Rachel F. Reid, F. R. Harris, Mr. and Mrs. M. D. Painter, Mr.
and Mrs. J. F. Steen, Mrs. C. P. Brown ; though there were some others.
There was some talk about organizing a church ; some favored it, and some
did not ; and no definite steps were taken. In July arrangements were
made for Rev. J. T. Ford, the Home Missionary of Southern California, to
come, which he did, and preached on August 2, in the same room. At this
meeting a few were ready (some ten or twelve at least) to organize and form
a nucleus of a Congregational church. But now it was strongly urged that
the Presbyterian church, was struggling with difficulties, trying to secure
and sustain a pastor ; that many of its members were old-time Congrega-
tionalists ; and if this new church were started it would tend to disintegrate,
cripple and embarrass that one. Upon this view of the case it was finally
''Resolved, That as a matter of Christian courtesy and good will toward the
Presbyterian church, we defer the matter of oganization for the present."
This was adopted, and no further action taken on that line. Then in Oc-
tober following occurred the split in the Presbyterian church over the ques-
tion of removal [see page 476], and many of its members withdrew. A
conference was then held at Wm. T. Clapp's residence, and a committee
consisting of Mrs. Dr. Reid, Mrs. R. K. Burnham, Mrs, I. M. Hill, Miss
Annie Clapp, Miss Olive Eaton, Mrs. E. A. Nims, and Mrs. H. J. Holmes
was appointed to ascertain who in the community would unite to organize a
Congregational church. Another meeting was held at Mr. Clapp's house
on November 7, to hear the report of this committee, and they brought in
forty-two names asking for such an organization. Rev. Dr. Warren was
present by invitation and for counsel, and the following business committees
were then appointed :

I. To procure a suitable place for holding church services tempor-
arily—James Cambell, I. M. Hill, H. J. Holmes, M. D. Painter. 2. To
procure site for a church edifice — Wm. T. Clapp, Thomas Green, I. B.
Clapp, M D. Painter, J. F. Steen. 3. To prepare a form of creed and
covenant—Rev. J. B. Ford, Dr. H. A. Reid, Mrs. I. B. Clapp.. 4. On
music — Miss Annie Clapp and Mrs. E. A. Nims.

The ensuing Sunday, Nov. 8, 1885, services were held in the college
building on Columbia hill [now Mr. Daggett's residence] by Dr. Warren
and Rev. J. B. Ford. After the service a congregational meeting was held.
The report of committee on creed was read and adopted. Then Rev. Ford.
Dr. Reid, W. T. Clapp, John Ross, J. F. Steen, were appointed to issue
letters missive inviting the other Congregational churches to send delegates
to a council here, to examine the creed adopted, and other steps taken ; and
if approved, to give this new church their formal fellowship. At later

490

HISTORY OV PASADENA.

business meetings the first officers of the church were elected, thus :
Deacons — for four years, W. T. Clapp ; for three years, John Ross ; for two
years, A. A. Burrows ; for one year, Geo. A. Green. Church clerk, I. B.
Clapp ; church treasurer. Dr. H. A. Reid. Superintendent of Sunday
school, Geo. A. Green ; S. S. secretary and treasurer, James A. Gates. The
council and installation services occurred on December i and 2, 1885 ; and
the VaHej Union of December 4, said in its report :

■ ' ■ ■ ■ W*^fM

■4 i

FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. Photo. 1S95.

"Then came the ceremony of instituting the church, by the members
all rising and giving their assent to the creed which they had themselves
publicly prepared and adopted, not as a cast-iron jacket which all must
wear alike, but for "substance of doctrine," as held in common, and with all
reasonable christian liberty of conscience ; then the solemn and affecting
mutual covenant with each other in their new church brotherhood ; then
the ordination of four deacons previously chosen by the church ; then the
warm, genial, and inspiring presentation of the fellowship, sympathy, and
prayerful " God speed ye," of the sister churches ; all concluding with the
memorial service, or Sacrament of the Lord's supper."

DIVISION SKVSN — SOCIETARY. 49 1

The list of first members was 42 by letter and 3 on profession of faith.
Preaching was maintained by "supply" for some weeks ; then Rev.
Arthur Smith, a returned missionary from China was engaged, and con-
tinued to fill the pulpit until March 28, 1886 — when he was recalled to his
missionary work. The services were held in the old college building.
Meanwhile the committee on building site was at work. Several eligible points
were found ; and on June 21, 1886, final choice was made of the lot 160x275
feet, price $2,500, where the church now stands, corner Pasadena Avenue
and California street. In December, 1886, Rev. D. D. Hill was engaged as
pastor. The erection of a church building was pushed vigorously ; and it
was occupied as soon as built ; but being considerably in debt, it was not
dedicated until October 29, 1891, when the debt had been cleared off, and a
pipe organ had been furnished the church by Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Scoville.
The building and grounds cost $35,000.

October i, 1894, pastor Hill resigned ; and March 31, 1895, Rev. H.
W. Lathe was called to the pastorate, and commenced his labors the first
Sunday in May. Membership, 317.

Besides its Sunday school, this church has auxiliary organizations as
follows : Ladies Aid Society. — Womans Missionary Society. — Y. P. S. C. E. ;
and Junior Y. P. S. C. K. — Chinese Mission ; and Chinese Sunday school. —
Children's Missionary Society.

North Congregational Church. — On December i8, 1887, Rev. E.
Bickford, a Congregational home missionary, preached in a barn west of the
Painter hotel ; and the next Sunday, December 25, a Sunday school was or-
ganized there, with Mr. and Mrs. M. D. Painter as the leading workers. It
soon outgrew the barn, and Dr. G Roscoe Thomas's hall was secured for its
sessions. Mr. Bickford continued to preach for these people until July 15,
1888, when Rev. H. T. Staats took up the work. And on May 3, 1889, a
Congregational church was organized, with seventeen members. They
bought from the Universalist parish the same building which had been the
first Methodist church of Pasadena — first erected on lower Orange Grove
Avenue ; then moved to Colorado street ; then moved to Chestnut street,
and now moved up Raymond Avenue to Jefferson street. In December,
1891, this little church was demolished by a wind storm. [See page 165.]
The society next bought the original Episcopal chapel on East Colorado
street and moved it to their own lot and built some additions to it, inaking a
much prettier and more commodious house of worship than they had before.
Its total cost, besides some back debt, was $2,034 > and on March 27, 1892,
it was dedicated — all dear of debt. Its membership in April, 1895, is about
seventy. The auxiliary societies are — Ladies Missionary and Aid Society ;
and Young People's Christian Endeavor.

492 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

CATHOLIC CHURCH.

The first Catholic religious services ever held in Pasadena was on Sun-
day, January 9, 1886, when mass was celebrated in the I^os Angeles house,
by courtesy of Mr. Banta. After mass a business meeting was held to talk
up the matter of building a church. The next meeting was at the residence
of G. T. Stamm, on South Marengo Avenue, Sunday May 23, 1886. In
November and December, 1887, their church was built, at the corner of
Pasadena Avenue and Bellefontaine Avenue, and mass was celebrated there
for the first time on December 18, 1887, by Rev. Father Hartnett. The
Pasadena Star of March 30, 1892, said: "Jas. T. Smith, president of the
Young Men's Catholic Institute, and Geo. Stanley, secretary, attended a
meeting of the Institute in Knights of Pythias hall last night, and ten new
members were received. J. A. Maclntyre is president of the society."

Rev. Cornelius Scannell became pastor in 1893, ^^^ continues yet, 1895.

FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH.

The first preaching services of the Universalist persuasion ever held in
Pasadena was in Williams hall, April 18 and 25, and May i and 7, 1886, by
Rev. Miss Florence E. Kollock, then pastor of the Inglewood church at
Chicago, and a graduate of the St. I^awrence Divinity School, New York.
Arrangement for these meetings was made by Hon. A. G. Throop, "Father
Throop " of honored memory. On May 7, after Miss Kollock's sermon,
James A. Gates reported progress in the matter of securing names to organ-
ize a Universalist church. Father Throop submitted the Universalist creed,
and the form of constitution in use at Riverside and other points ; and they
were adopted. Then Mr. Gates, Mrs. S. E. Merritt, and Byron O. Clark
were appointed to canvass for members. The Star of June 4 reported thus :

"The Universalists completed their parish organization last Sunday, and
elected as board of directors : Hon. A. G. Throop, moderator ; Mrs. S. E.
Merritt, secretary ; Mrs. H. J. Vail, treasurer ; J. A. Gates, Mrs. Filey Ar-
nold, Prof. J. D. Yocum, J. D. Ripley. Mr. Gates, chorister. Williams
hall was leased for holding regular preaching services."

Meetings were sustained and members added, under this parish organiza-
tion, until April 21, 1889, when a church organization was formed with 97
members, who elected Prof. Yocum moderator ; Elisha Millard, treasurer ;
K. E. Spaulding, clerk. For deacons : Hon. A. G. Throop, M. W. Stim-
son, N. M. Johnson, J. B. Corson, Mrs. E. C. Bradley, Mrs. H. M. Conger.
Meanwhile they had purchased the old colony church building of the
Methodist people and moved it from Colorado street up to the corner of
Fair Oaks Avenue and Chestnut street, where Machinerj^ Hall of the Throop
Institute now stands ; and here was where the " parish" was advanced to a
"church" organization on that Easter Sunday.

In 1888-89 they built their present church edifice, on corner of Ray-
mond Avenue and Chestnut street. March 19, 1889, it was first opened to

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY.

493

a public audience, when Mrs. Mary A. Livermore, of world-wide fame,
delivered there her brilliant lecture entitled, "A Dream of To-morrow."
At the annual meeting in May, 1889, the building committee reported that the
new church property had cost $56,000, and was $20,000 in debt. This debt
was, within two years later, all removed, chiefly by the munificence of
"Father Throop," who once told me himself that he had $40,000 in it,
although it was against his judgment, he said, to undertake so large and
a costly structure.

FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. Photo. 1895.
Ronmnesque Architecture. West-by-north view.

A report in November, 1894, gave $65,000 as total cost ot the grounds,
church building and furnishings. And since that time a $5,000 organ has
been added. The library contained 300 volumes in 1894; ^^^ the roll of

membership was 256. The successive pastors have been : Rev. Briggs,

in 1886-87; Rev. E. ly. Conger, D. D., 1888 to 1893; Rev. Florence E.
Kollock, A. M., associate pastor in 1892-93, and sole pastor in 1893-94-95.
In Ma}^, 1895, Miss Kollock resigned ; and in June Rev. W. M. Jones was
elected to the pastorate, to commence September i, 1895. Its auxiliary
societies are : Woman's I^eague; Young People's Christian Union; Fort-
nightly Club.

SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH.

This church was organized in June, 1888, in a. tent on Villa street, near
Reservoir No. 2, by Elder E. A. Briggs. The first members were : J. T.

494 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

Butler and wife ; L,. H. Buchanan and wife ; ly. D. Franklin and wife ; h-
H. Orr; Mrs. Dora Fisher; Miss Mary Larson; Miss Myrtle Griswold ;

Mrs. Crosby, and others. In November and December of same year

they built a small church on Waverly Drive. Then in 1893 they built a
new and larger church at corner of Raymond Avenue and Mountain street —
the lot and building costing about $1,500. It was dedicated in September,
1893. Auxiliaries within the church, besides Bible study class, are : Mothers
Meeting Society; Missionary Society. Trustees in 1895: D- D. Benton, J.

T. Butler, Scanlan. Number of members, 35. Elder George Bremner

in charge.

First-Day Advent Christian Church. — In October, 1894, Elder L.
A. Wilkerson commenced preaching in a tent on North Fair Oaks Avenue ;
then he occupied G. A. R. Hall for some months, under name of " Church
of the Blessed Hope"; but in April, 1895, re-established their tent on Fair
Oaks Avenue, opposite the end of Mary street. The church was formally
organized April 19, 1895, the first members being Elder A. E. Vesper and
wife ; A. E. Pinkham and wife ; Smith James and wife ; E. F. Knox and
wife ; Jas. Mushrush and wife ; B. T. Knight and wife ; Misses Edith and
Bertha Tipple ; Daniel Kinkaid, Geo. Moore, and others.

GERMAN LUTHERAN ST. PAULUS CHURCH.

First meeting, to consider the matter of organization, was held in Opera
House Block, hall No. 11, November 10, 1893. Those present were
C. Klein, A. Frank, A. Golderer, E. R. Strabendorf, A. Wolf, H. Ahrens,
A. lyindner, A. Eau. The church was organized November 17, 1883, in
the Opera House Block. The first members were same as above, besides
G. Borman, W. Tenhaef, W. Fachan, F. Weik, J. Schaufle, F. Mertz,
— Bonowald. The first officers were: Frank, president; Wolf, treasurer:
Klein, secretary ; these, with F. Weik and E. R. Strabendorf constituting
the board of trustees. Pastor, Rev. Geo. Saager. A church was built in
1893-94 on the corner of Vernon Avenue and Walnut street, costing $1,500,
Number of members in May, 1894, were twenty-five. A Sunday school is
also maintained.

SWEDENBORGIAN.

In 1892 93 Rev. Mr. Bartlett, a minister of the Swedenborgian or
" New Jerusalem" denomination preached a few months at the Grand Opera
House ; but no church was organized, and the meetings ceased.

APPLIED CHRISTIANITY.

In August, 1894, about 100 persons united in inviting Rev. R. M.
Webster, a Congregationalist clergyman, to give a series of twelve dis-
courses in Pasadena during the vacation weeks of the regular churches ;
and G. A. R. hall was secured as their place of meeting. Judge A. J.
Utley, Prof. D. M. Harrison and Mrs. Katie M. Keese were the executive

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 495

committee of this movement, and W. I. Keese, treasurer. After the twelve-
Sundays engagement had been fulfilled, he was re-engaged for six months.
Then in July, 1895, ^ more formal organization was effected. [Data not
furnished.]

woman's christian temperance UNION.

In the spring of 1883 Miss Frances E. Willard, president of the
National W. C. T. U., visited California, and organized a union at lyos An-
geles, among other places. At this time she visited Pasadena and gave a
lecture in Williams hall. lyater in the season Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt,
starting on her famous around-the- world-missionary tour, which took her
seven years to accomplish, visited Pasadena and organized the W. C. T. U.
here September 8, 1883. Ten women were present at the organization, but
others joined soon, and up to January, 1884, the list of members were :
Mrs. L,. A. Fisk, whose husband was then pastor of the Baptist church ;
Mrs. James Smith, Mrs. T. T. Rood, Mrs. George Bancroft, Mrs. E. R.
Sheldon, wife of Dr. F. K. Sheldon, who started the first drug store here ;
Mrs. A. C. Townsend, Mrs. Mary E. Case, Mrs. S. Washburn, Mrs. Benj.
Rice, Mrs. O. S. Barber, Mrs. Dr. Lord, Miss Ella Bryant, Mrs. A. O. Por-
ter, Mrs. E. D. HolHngsworth, Mrs. M. Mullins, whose husband first opened
Kansas street and laid out the first recorded village plat in Pasadena ; Mrs.
P. M. Green, Mrs. Eouisa M. Woodin, M. D. The officers at this time
were : Mrs. Rev. Fisk, president ; Mrs. Dr. Sheldon, secretary and treas-
urer ; Mrs. O. S. Barber, financial secretary. Of these first members, some
have died, some have moved away, some have dropped out of the work,
but Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Barber and Mrs. Lord are still working members of
this Union — 1895.

In April, 1884, the famous Mrs. J. Ellen Foster of Iowa, visited this
Union, and under its auspices gave a lecture in Williams hall, which resulted
in the organization of the first Prohibition Club in Pasadena, April 14.
[See page 229.] According to a report in the Valley Union newspaper of
April 26, 1884, Mrs. Foster and her husband were given free entertainment
by Mrs. Banta at the Eos Angeles House ; and the rival stage companies
then running (Vore's and Kilgore's) both offered them free transportation
from and to Eos Angeles. They were the "lions " of the hour.

In April, 1886, this W. C. T. U. was visited by Mrs. Eetitia Youmans,
president of the Dominion W. C. T. U. of Canada, and leader of the tem-
perance work in that province. During her stay in Pasadena Mrs. Youmans
was the guest of Dr. Rachel F. Reid, and preached twice for the First Con-
gregational church. She was a notably large woman — weighed 250
pounds — and the Uiiion newspaper of April 23 said : " She has a gospel
power in proportion to her avoirdupois." The same paper of November
13, 1886, contained this historic item :

" At the last meeting of the W. C. T. U. of Pasadena, a little episode

496 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

occurred which is worth printing. The name of Mrs. Ruth Thompson,
daughter of 'Old John Brown — Ossawatomie Brown,' was proposed for
membership, with the remark that she was a worthy daughter of the famous
anti-slavery martyr. Instead of voting by the usual sign of uplifted hand,
the members in this case all arose to their feet and sung with great unction
and fervor the rousing song —

" 'John Brown's body lies mouldering in the grave,
But his soul goes marching on.'
" And so Mrs. Thompson was unanimously elected, with a 'hallelujah '
thrown in. ' '

The Unio7i newspaper of January 29, 1S87, published a furnished re-
port, from which I quote these historic points :

" Mrs. Margaret Parker, from England, [Scotland] first president of the
world's W. C. T. U., was present, and strengthened our hearts with her
words of cheer. Mrs. S. V. Maxfield, one of Iowa's leading workers, told
how much better prohibition succeeds there than some of the newspapers
would have us think. Mrs. Gordon, missionary to Japan, gave us a most
pleasing account of our temperance around-the-world missionar}^ Mrs.
Leavitt, who organized our Pasadena union ; and Mrs. Ruth Brown Thomp-
son, whom we have all learned to love for her own as well as her father's
sake, told us how John Brown smashed the whisky barrel."

Mrs. Parker was then a guest of Thomas Nelmes, a fellow countryman.
In the autumn of 1S87, the Pasadena W. C. T. U. was visited by Mary T.
Lathrop, the woman orator of Michigan, whose fame spans the continent,
and who was also a member of the National Prohibition committee. She
was entertained at the Carlton hotel, and gave a public lecture in the M. E.
church to a large audience. In May, i88g, this Union was visited by Mrs.
Henrietta G. Moore of Ohio, a lecturer and organizer for the National
W. C. T. U.; and while here she was the guest of Mrs. Dr. O. H. Conger.
A report in the Pasadena Standard of September 21, 1889, gave a list of vice-
presidents who represented the W. C. T. U. in the different churches of the
city, thus : Baptist church, Mrs. Addie Camper ; Presbyterian, Mrs. C. D.
Case ; Episcopal, Mrs. James Smith ; Friends, Mrs. G. M. Keese ; Methodist,
Mrs. K. Griffith ; Universalist, Mrs. J. C. Hance ; First Congregational,
Mrs. H. N. Farey ; North Congregational, Mrs. H. K. W. Bent ; Christian,
Mrs. Dr. Allen. Dr. Rachel F. Reid was then president.

A Young Woman's Christian Temperance Union was maintained
about two years and then expired.

A lyOYAL Temperance Legion has been maintained about four years
as a juvenile auxiliary order — practically the W. C. T. U. Sunday school.
Mrs. M&ry C. Glass, superintendent, 1894-95.

ladies' union prayer meeting.
In June, 1886, Mrs. F. H. Burdick and Mrs. M. Proudfit visited all the
pastors of the city and secured their approval for a weekly prayer meeting
to be held on Tuesday afternoons, for Bible study and prayer, by devout

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 497

women from all the different churches. The first meeting was held in the
Presbyterian chapel on Worcester Avenue ; and I am informed that during
the entire nine years of its career, this "Union Prayer Meeting" has not
once failed to hold its hour of devotion on the appointed day. There are no
officers, but a lyCader is appointed for each meeting in advance. ^ The attend-
ance is usually about twenty, but often many more ; and the meetings have
been held alternately by seasons in the Presbyterian and Methodist churches.
The ' ' United Samaritan ' ' organization was an outgrowth from this Prayer
Meeting, in 1889, and the "Woman's Indian Association" in 1891. It also
has an auxiliary band called "Lovers of Zion, " whose special bond of fellow-
ship is a pledge to give one cent a day and make daily prayer for conversion
of the Jews. Mrs. C. H. Durant is secretary of this praying band.

PASADENA BRANCH OF NATIONAL WOMAN'S INDIAN ASSOCIATION.

July 16, 1891, the Pasadena W. C. T. U. held its usual bi-monthly
meeting in the Baptist church. Mrs. Amelia S. Quinton of Philadelphia,
president of the National Woman's Indian Association, was present and was
granted a hearing on her specialty of missionary effort. Then at the close
of the W. C. T. U. meeting an Indian Association was organized, with Mrs.
Elizabeth R. Townsend, president ; Dr. Rachel F. Reid, vice-president ;
Mrs. Hannah E. Taylor, secretary ; Mrs. Mary C. Glass, treasurer. Its
object is to promote school education among the Indian peoples of our
country ; but also therewith to instruct them in civilized cooking, sewing,
housekeeping, and home making, besides agriculture, horticulture, and
useful trades, to prepare them for self-sustaining citizenship. In 1895 this
local society had about fifteen members ; Mrs. S. V. Maxfield, president ;

Mrs. Dr. G. Roscoe Thomas, secretary; Mrs. Stetson, treasurer. In

October, 1892, the California State branch of this Indian Association was
organized at a meeting in the Baptist church of Pasadena, Mrs. Hewitt of
Riverside being elected State president, and Mrs. A. B. Giddings of Pasa-
dena State corresponding secretary. The State society meets at different
places by appointment.

PASADENA WOMAN'S MISSIONARY UNION.

Organized November 10, 1894, at the M. E. church. The first officers
were : Mrs. S. V. Maxfield, president ; Mrs. Sarah J. Allen, secretary ; Mrs.
Addie Camper, treasurer ; and the following vice-presidents for the different
churches represented in the organization : Mrs. R. E. Burnham, First Con-
gregational ; Mrs. H. K. W. Bent, North Congregational ; Mrs. C. M.
Parker, First Methodist Episcopal; Mrs. A. B. Giddings, North M. E.;

Mrs. Ingalls, Free Methodist; Mrs. McClellan, Baptist; Mrs.

Rev. N. H. G. Fife, First Presbyterian ; Miss Annie Wilson, Friends church;
Mrs. G. W. Pearl, Christian church. Thus nine churches of the city were
united to co-operate in both home and foreign missionary work. At an all-

32

498 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

day meeting April 25, 1895, this society was addressed by Mrs. Amelia S.
Quinton of Philadelphia, president of the National Woman's Indian Asso-
ciation.

SALVATION ARMY.

The first meeting of this church militant Order ever held in Pasadena
was at Williams hall on Friday evening, April 25, 1884, led by J. S. Ledford,
gospel singer. It was announced by small handbills on the street and also
in the Valley Union, that the meetings would be continued regularly, with
a street service every evening. But this was not done ; there was a drop
for awhile ; and just when the Army work was resumed here I could not
learn. However, the city records show that in 1889-90 a strong effort was
made to put a stop to the drumming of the Army on the streets, because of
the danger from frightened horses ; and I here collate from the city police
judge's reports as follows :

"January i, 1890: Salvatio?i Army. Capt. Anna Beall, lyieut. L.
Bingham, Wm. Ballard. Charged with violation of resolution of city trustees
December 3, 1889. — January 10 : defendants discharged. — March 3 : Capt.
Anria Beall arrested again for blocking the street. — March 4 : she demanded
a jury. — March 5: case dismissed without trial. — March 5 : Wm. Davey.
Arrested for disturbing the peace with Salvation Army drum. — March 7 :
case dismissed without trial."

In this last case Mr. Davey was released, but the offending drum was
still kept under arrest by the city marshal, D. R. McLean. When the time
arrived for the Army's usual street prayer meeting parade Miss Beall went
to the city marshal's office and in the sweetest, most smiling way of
woman's gentle persuasion she said : " Mr. Marshal, aren't you going to let
me have my church belif' This was irresistible; and the marshal laugh-
ingly handed her the imprisoned drum. The Daily Star of September 2,
1 89 1, reported some cases of narrow escapes from injury by people whose
horses took fright at the Salvation Army drum on the street, and said
further :

" During the meeting of the Salvationists in their hall some boys threw
a handful of rotten eggs through the back door, striking one of the women
and spreading a sickening odor throughout the room. That proceeding
was disgraceful, but it appears to have had no connection with the events
of the parade, as boys have been threatening for several nights to rotten
egg the Army."

In April, 1891, occurred the visit of President Harrison and party to
Pasadena. The distinguished guests were greeted on their arrival by an

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 499

immense throng of people at the Santa Fe depot and Hotel Green. Post-
master General Wanamaker suddenly left the presidential group, and push-
ing his way through the crowd, went to a couple of women whom he had
noticed in Salvation Army bonnets, shook hands with them heartily, giving
some words of commendation, and then returned to his place.

YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION.

On September 20, 1886, F. J. Culver, a Y. M. C. A. worker from the
East, was passing along the street and was met by David Galbraith, then
cashier of the ist National Bank, who clasped his hand and said earnestly,
" cannot something be done for our young men ? " " Yes, " was the reply,
" if the time has come and the people are ready to act." " Satan is acting
— and we must ad,'" said Mr. G. "Very well; and when?" Culver
answered. "To-morrow ! " replied Galbraith with emphasis. Thereupon a
meeting was called for the next day in an oflSce on west Colorado street,
and fifteen men were present. The question before the meeting was, "Shall
we organize a Y. M. C. A. in Pasadena ? " The answer was decisively, "If
it be God's will, jj/^j-." And arrangements were made for a mass meeting
in Williams hall the next day. This larger meeting was addressed by Rev.
T. N. Lord, then pastor of the Baptist church, and by Mr. Culver, explain-
ing the plan, working methods, etc., of the Association. Names were taken
for membership, and a meeting to organize was appointed at the Methodist
church on September 27. At this meeting 96 charter members were enrolled.
The first officers and directors were : C. M. Parker, president ; O. S. Picher,
ist vice president ; T. Nichols, 2nd vice president ; T. J. Fleming, record-
ing secretary ; M. D. Painter, treasurer ; F. J. Culver, general secretary ;
J. W. Hugus, G. E. Meharry, C. W. Abbott, D. Galbraith.

Prof. C. M. Parker, the first president, served until December, 1888,
and was succeeded by A. F. M. Strong, who served until December, 1891,
being then succeeded by Prof. Will S. Monroe, who resigned on March i,
1892, on account of sickness. Then Dr. F. Grinnell was elected president,
and holds the office yet — 1895.

Mr. M. M. Myers of San Francisco was elected general secretary in
September, 1887; ^^^ resigned May i, 1889. He was succeeded by Geo.
Taylor, who has continued in that office since. He was the delegate from
California to the World's Y. M. C. A. convention and half-century jubilee
in London, in May and June, 1894 ! ^^d while abroad on this duty he
visited the local Associations in all the great capitals of Europe, as their
distinguished guest.

In 1886-87, ^^ Association caught the "boom fever," bought a lot,
and secured pledges for a fund to erect a $40,000 Y. M. C. A. building at
the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Valley street.'-^ The cellar was exca-

*C. M. Skillen and Samuel Stratton offered to donate to the Association a 50-foot lot next west of
the Presbyterian church, on east Colorado street if they would build there. This lot was then saleable
at $150 per front foot [boom], or $7,500. But a majority of the directors thought that location was too far
from the " loafing center " of the city to serve the special missionary objects of the Association's read-
ing roam, gymnasium, baths, games, etc.

500 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

vated, the foundation walls built, the corner stone laid, and much material
for the superstructure brought upon the ground. Then "the boom
bursted ; " thousands and thousands of dollars of pledges vanished into
exceedingly thin air ; and the unfinished walls still lie there as a reminder
of our days of real estate bubblery — the late lamented "boom."

The Association has a Ladies Auxiliary committee ; and Lyceum for
youths. Also a free reading room, open every day and evening, well sup-
plied with daily and weekly papers, etc.; and a library of 150 volumes. In
1888, Gen. O. O. Howard, of national fame, lectured under its auspices, at
the Tabernacle. And also the same 5^ear they had Bob Burdette, the noted
humorist, in their lecture course. In October, 1892, this Association enter-
tained the State Y. M. C. A. convention, with 300 delegates, the largest
number ever in attendance. Its sessions were held in the Presbyterian
church.

During the year 1893-4 there were made 395 visits to sick persons ;
and watchers were furnished 69 nights. Gospel meetings for men were held
every Sunday, at which the total of attendance was 4,394. The registered
visits to the reading room during the year were 7,300. Present number of
members, 106. Board of Directors in 1894: Dr. F. Grinnell, president;
D. Galbraith, vice president ; P. M. Green, treasurer ; Geo. Taylor, general
secretary ; A. J. Wallace ; Milford Fish ; E. C. Griffith ; Dr. J. R. Townsend.

PASADENA RAMABAI CIRCI.E.

Organized November 19, 1888, at the ist Congregational church,
where a church full of people had assembled to see and hear the high caste
native Hindoo woman, Pundita Ramabai, whose fame as a child- widow
missionary in India has since spread throughout the United States and
England, as well as her own country. Rev. D. D. Hill was first president
of the Circle, and Mrs. H. G. Bennett secretary and treasurer. In April,
1895, there were 37 members ; with Mrs. Mattie Bent, president, and Mrs.
Bennett still secretary and treasurer. The 7th annual meeting of the '
National Ramabai Association was held in "-Old South Church," Boston,
March 11, 1895; and there were then 103 local Circles or societies tribu-
tary to the Association. The Pasadena Circle had paid in on its annual
pledges a total of $238.79 during its seven years of existence, which showed
something more each year than the amount it had pledged. It is a special
missionary work to sustain Ramabai's school at Poonah, India, for child-
widows, and thus help to break up the gross and cruel system of woman
slavery in that heathen empire.

CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR UNION.

Organized October 13, 1889, by the Y. P. C. E. societies of the Friends,
Congregational, Christian and Baptist churches. First officers : Prof. C. E.
Tebbetts, president ; deacon Geo. A. Green, vice president ; Miss Clarice

DIVISION SEV:EN — SOCIKTARY.

501

Hall, secretary and treasurer. Executive committee, Geo. W. Tuttle, Mrs.
F. E. Tower, Miss LilHe Duncan, besides the officers. The Methodist
church young people [Epworth League] joined awhile, then withdrew ; and
the Baptist society withdrew to join the Baptist Union : but others came in ;
and in April, 1895, the C. E. Union of Pasadena comprised the Young
Peoples societies of the following churches : ist Congregational ; North
Congregational; ist Christian; ist Presbyterian; Calvary Presbyterian;
Friends church ; Union Christian Endeavor society of Lamanda Park ; and
Congregational church of Sierra Madre. On January 25, 1895, there were
345 active and 40 associate members. And the officers were : Rev. C. C.
Reynolds, president ; W. N. Campbell, vice president ; Miss Clarice Hall,
secretary ; D. M. Mulford, treasurer. Each local society appoints its own
member of the executive committee, to cooperate with the board of officers.

PASADENA CHRISTIAN ALLIANCE.
Organized April 11, 1891. Members: Mrs. C. H. Durant, Rev. W. C.
Stevens, Judge C. N. Terry and wife, Aaron Winder and wife, W. G. Strang
and wife. Dr. J. R. Townsend and wife, Mrs. I. W. Rust, Mrs. S. V. Max-
field, Mrs. S. E. Bosley, Jesse Butler and wife, John Habbick, Miss Emma
Allen, and others. This is a duly chartered branch of the National and In-
ternational Evangelical Alliance which has its headquarters, publishing
house, and missionary training school on Eighth Avenue, New York, The
membership in April, 1895, was fifty-four. Officers: Rev. W. C. Stevens,
president; Judge Terry and Mrs. Maxfield, vice presidents ; W. G. Strang,
secretary ; Mrs. Duranf, treasurer.

PACIFIC GOSPEL UNION OP PASADENA.
First meeting November 7, 1892, held by A. L,. Beer, J. C. S. Habbick,
A. E. Baldwin, E. J. Mayo. Union formally organized in December, and
meetings held for a year in a hall on North Fair Oaks Avenue ; then in
another hall on South Fair Oaks. Directors : C. N. Terry, president ,
J. C. S. Habbick, secretary ; John Habbick, treasurer ; Dr. J. R. Townsend;
Tillman Hobson, J. W. Camper, Samuel Hahn, E. J. Mayo, A. K. Nash.
Object : to reach the street-loafing and unchurched classes with religious in-
fluences.

502 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

CHAPTER XXVI.

Fraternity. — Secret Orders — Patriotic, Fraternal, Reformatory, Beneficiary, Indus-
trial.

PATRIOTIC ORDERS.

John F. Godfrey Post No. 93, Grand Army of the Re-
public; Departmetit of California.

After several informal talks among old soldiers about forming
an organization, a meeting was called for Tuesday evening, Nov-
ember 3, 1885, at Craig & Hubbard's store, then in a frame
building on west side of South Fair Oaks Avenue There were
present at that meeting J. D. Gilchrist, E. S. Frost, W. T. Knight, Geo.
A. Black, Geo. W. Barnhart, J. Ellis, R. B. Hubbard, W. H. Eordan,
Wesley Bunnell, A. Wakeley, A. O. Bristol, W. J. Barcus, A. K. McQuilling,
and Edson Turner ; and the necessary steps were taken to go forward and
organize a Post.

The next meeting was held and organization completed in Library hall,
November 28, 1885. [The old original Eibrary building then stood on south
side of East Colorado street nearly where the Santa Fe railroad now runs,
but was afterward moved to Dayton street where it still remains, being now
changed into a dwelling house.] At this meeting the question of a name
came up ; and after sundry suggestions which did not seem to hit the mark;
E. S. Frost moved the name of Col. John F. Godfrey, who had then re-
cently died in Eos Angeles, and it was adopted. Col. Godfrey was born at
Bangor, Maine. He enlisted as a private in 1861, and was chosen second
lieutenant in the Maine 2nd Battery ; won promotion to Eieutenant-Colonel
in the field. Resigned in 1864 on account of broken health. Re-enlisted in
1865 and was sent in command of scouts with Gen. Sully's campaign
against the Sioux Indians. In 1874 he settled in Eos Angeles as a lawyer,
soon rose to distinction, and was twice elected city attorney there. When
the Pasadena colonists held their second anniversary picnic under the great
oaks of Eincoln Park, January 27, 1876, Col. Godfrey was one of the prin-
cipal speakers [p. 112], being thus historically associated with Pasadena in its
tender infancy ; and now his name being adopted by the G. A. R. (and later
by the Woman's Relief Corps) adds more enduring links to the chain of his-
toric kinship. [He died at Eos Angeles June 27, 1885.] After the name had
been decided on, comrade Horace Bell of Los Angeles proceeded as muster-
ing officer to muster in the following charter members : C. C. Brown, Alfred
Wakeley, A. K. McQuilling, F. J. Woodbury, W. J. Barcus, W. H. Eordan,
Wesley Bunnell, Milo J. Green, Geo. A. Black, E. S. Frost, Jehu Ellis,
John B. Hill, J. D. Youngclaus, Eyman Allen, J. D. Gilchrist.

Although this was November 28, the Post charter bears date Decem-
ber 23, 1885. The first officers installed were : Gilchrist, Post Commander;

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 503

Frost, Senior Vice Commander ; McQuilling, Junior Vice Commander ; Bar-
cus, Chaplain; Ellis, Quartermaster ; Brown, Officer of the Day; Black, Officer
of the Guard; Bunnell, Adjutant. The motto of the order is : "Fidelity,
Charity, lyoyalty." Its beneficiary plan is not by any fixed schedule, but
by mutual aid according to circumstances in each case — and a relief fund
is constantly maintained. The first time the old soldiers attended church in
a body on Memorial Sunday was May 30, 1886, at the Methodist Episcopal
church, where a sermon appropriate to the occasion was preached by the
pastor, Rev. A. W. Bunker, who had served in the First Maine Eight
Artillery.

In 1893 funds were raised by Comrade J. H. Stuntz, as a soliciting
committee, and from other sources, to secure a hall for the Post and its allied
orders. The second story of E. S. Frost's unfinished brick block on East
Colorado street was leased for six years. Necessary alterations were made,
both above and below, partitions put in, rooms finished and furnished,
plumbing and gas-fitting done, a flag-pole erected, etc., at a total cost of
about $1,600 — thus providing two halls for sub-rental that can be opened
together as one, for large assemblages. The number of members April i,
1894, was 130. [April i, 1895, 127.] One of its delegates to the State
encampment in 1894 was Gov. H. H. Markham. And in August, 1895,
Geo. T. Downing, a past commander of this post, was elected commander
of the Department of California.

In 1892 93 I spent several months collecting a complete list of all old
Union soldiers then residing in Pasadena or its immediate vicinity, and it
was printed in a small manual or ' ' Directory of John F. Godfrey Post and
its Allied Patriotic Orders." And from that roster, which was then com-
plete up to February i, 1893, I compile this table :

Old soldiers residing in Pasadena or its vicinity 287

Army nurses 2

Soldiers ' graves in Mountain View cemetery 35

Members of John F. Godfrey Post, G. A. R 119

Members of John F. Godfrey Corps, W. R. C 141

Members of Phil Kearny Camp, S. of V 48

Members Eadies' Aid Society 24

Since that time, and up to March, 1895, I have thirty-four additions to
the list of resident old soldiers ; five additions to the cemetery list ; and each
of the four orders had increased their membership.

John F. Godfrey W. R. C. No. 43. — The first meeting to con-
sider the matter of organization was held in the latter part of June,
1887, at Library hall on Dayton street. The Corps was organized
July 6, 1887, with the following charter members: Cynthia B. Clapp,
Avelina J. Crowell, Eliza M. Van Kirk, Clara A. Elsemore, Cynthia
Ramsey, Margaret E. Lincoln, Maggie Williams, Emma A. McCoy,
Virginia H. Rippey, Amelia G. Rice, Addie C. Conover, Minnie E. Wil-

504 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Hams, Charlotte Smith, Margaret I. McQuilling, Catherine Meek, Mary L,.
Rippey, Helen A. Rippey. The first officers were : Cynthia B. Clapp, pres-
ident; Avelina J. Crowell, senior vice president ; Eliza M. Van Kirk, junior
vice president ; Emma A. McCoy, secretary ; Minnie E. Williams, treas-
urer ; Amelia G. Rice, chaplain ; Margaret E. Lincoln, conductor ; Nellie
M. Conover, guard ; Addie C. Conover, assistant conductor ; Charlotte
Smith, assistant guard.

This society, being auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, has
frequently held fairs, bazars, public dinners, musical, dramatic and other en-
tertainments to raise money for the relief fund. And it bore a prominent
part in securing, fitting, and furnishing the G. A. R. hall. They also own
one-third of the G. A. R. lot in Mountain View cemetery. In December,
1894, there were 154 members.

PHIL KEARNY CAMP NO. 7, SONS OF VETERANS.

Instituted November 23, 1886. It was duly chartered at the time, and
its first members were : W. E. Darracott, who was also first captain of the
camp ; W. A. Dunbar, C. J. Williams, Geo. H. Frost, S. h. Wallis, L. E.
Jarvis, H. H. Johnson, W. E. Johnson, C. U. Bunnell, Whit. Elliott, S. M.
Cambell, Jas. H. Cambell.

During 1887 there was some revision or reconstruction of the order, the
Division of California was established, and this camp received a new char-
ter as "No. 7. Div. Cal.," dated April 2, 1888 — the one underwhich itisnow
working. The only persons eligible to its membership are sons of union
soldiers or sailors in the war of the rebellion ; and sons of members of this
order. Its objects are patriotic, fraternal, benevolent; and it is auxiliary to
the G. A. R. and W. R. C. ; also owns one-third of the G. A. R. lot in

Mountain View cemetery.

lyADiES' Aid Society No. i, auxiliary to Phil Kearny Camp No. 7,

S. of V. This organization was worked up by Captains Lacey and Bang-

ham of the Sons of Veterans, and was instituted December 18, 1892, in the

old lyibrary building on Dayton street. It was the first society of the order

on the Pacific coast, and stands as No. i in the California Division S. of V.

Its charter members were :

^amhart. May England, Fannie B. Moore, Edith

Brown, Lillian A. Eraser, Ida M. Rogers, Ceres B.

Brown, Meda E. Janney, Mrs. Carrie Rodgers, Bonnie

Cambell, Mrs. Franc. Lacey, Mrs. Ida O. Rogers, Cressie V.

Crawford, Effie B. McClure, Mrs. M. F. Stevens, Claudine De F.

Darlinton, Madge McClure, Nina Sutliff, Nettie M.

Downing, Carrie M. McMurty, Sadie [ret E. Williams, Minnie E.

Dugger, Carrie P. Mendenhall, Mrs. Marga-

The first officers were : Mrs. W. S. Lacey, past president ; Bonnie

Rodgers, president ; Ida M. Eraser, secretary ; Ceres Rogers, treasurer.

Motto: "Friendship, Charity, Loyalty." Objects: "To aid and assist the

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY.

505

Sons of Veterans in all their objects, both financially and otherwise." Who
may become members : " Mothers, wives or sisters of Union veterans of the
war of 1861-65. Also female lineal descendants of such veterans, Al.so
wives of Sons of Veterans." Officers in 1895 • Minnie Williams, past presi-
dent ; Helen Darracott, president ; Carrie Downing, secretary ; Ida O.
Lacey, treasurer. Number of members, 38.

AMERICAN PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION.
This order is better known by its initial title of the
"A. P. A." The Pasadena council was instituted in Strong's
hall July 6, 1894. Motto: "America for Americans." Em-
blems, the American flag and little red schoolhouse. Its
objects are, to cultivate, educate and concentrate public sentiment
against alien ownership of land; against foreign dictum of church
laws and penalties ; against use of public funds or tax exemption for
sectarian purposes; against any school, church, convent, monastery, re-
formatory or asylum that may not at any time be visited and inspected by
the proper public officers ; against any person being allowed to vote who
cannot read in the American [English] language; etc., etc. Tilman Hob-
son is the president in 1895. Membership about 450 on September i, 1895.

MASONIC BODIES.

Pasadena Eodge, No. 272. F. and A. M., was the first of the Masonic
organizations, and was planned for at a meeting in Williams hall on Febru-
ary 20, 1883, by C. M. Skillen, J. B. Springer, A. Wakeley, C. C. Brown,
James Clarke, C. B. Ripley, R. Conkling, John Myrick, W. H. Wakeley,
H. Ridgway, J. E- Cannon, J. Ripley, Isaac Heiss, H. McGee. The lodge
was instituted October 22, 1883, in the old Public Eibrary building, with
these same men as the charter members. The first officers were : C. B.
Ripley, Master; H. Ridgway, Senior Warden; M. Rockefeller, Junior
Warden. In 1894 there were 119 members ; and chief officers were : P. P.
Bonham, Master; E. E. Griffith, Senior Warden ; W. E- Wotkyns, Junior
Warden. ■

Crown Chapter, No. 72, Royai^ Arch Masons. — The first meeting
to talk up and arrange for this organization was held in the Masonic hall in

5o6 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Williams hall block, October 22, 1888. Those present were: R. Williams,
F. I^. Jones, E. White, H. B. Sherman, J. Banbury, Chas. Swift, John
Habbick, A. M. Collis, F. E.- Biles, H. J. Slaughter, J. K. Vlier, C. H.
Rhodes, D. S. Carnahan, T. J. Martin, Oscar Freeman, C. A. Smith, A. H.
Conger. And the chapter was instituted on November 27, with these men
as members ; and as officers : R. Williams, High Priest ; F. ly. Jones, King;
T. J. Martin, Scribe. In 1894 there are 79 members ; and officers are : E.
C. Griffith, H. P.; E. E. Gaylord, K.; J. R. Slater, Scribe.

Pasadena Commandery No, 31, Knights Templar. — The
first preliminary meeting was held June 17, 1891, and the Com-
mandery was instituted on July ist in the Masonic lodge room in Williams
block. Its first members were : F. L. Jones, E. L,. Conger, L. W. Frary,
W. T. Clapp, H. W. Magee, S. Washburn, A. Kemple, H. J. Slaughter,
A. Wakeley, Wm. Shibley, J. Abraham, W. G. McGregory, Delos Arnold,
T. E. Walker, J. Peaslee, G. E. Wright, J. A. Jacobs, P. Brown, D. O.
Miltimore, A. M. Collier, S. H. Yocum,J. J. Gillie, C. H. Rhodes, T. Win-
ter, J. B. Springer, S. W. Allen, G. M. Cole, E- S. Porter, W. E- McAlhster,
and W. P. Hammond.

Names and titles of first principal officers : Sir Florin Eester Jones,
Eminent Commander ; Sir Delos Arnold, Generalissimo ; Sir Thomas
Eaton Walker, Captain General ; Sir Everett Eorentus Conger, Prelate ;
Sir Sherman Washburn, Treasurer; Sir Charles Hilliard Rhodes, Recorder.
Motto: "In Hoc Signo Vinces." No. of members in 1894 — 60.
Chief officers in 1894— Sir E- S. Porter, E. C; Sir A. M. Collis, G.; Sir E.
Griffith, C. G.; Sir Wyllys Hall, Prelate : Sir Romayne Williams, Recorder.

Pasadena Chapter No. 108, Order of Eastern Star.. — This
organization was first proposed and talked up at a picnic at Devil's
Gate, in the spring of 1890, some members of the Order in Eos Angeles
being there among the picnickers. And from this beginning the movement
grew, until on August 7, 1890, this Chapter was duly instituted, in the
Masonic lodge room in Williams block. A list of its first officers and
members was printed in the report of Grand Chapter sessions of October
20, 21, 22, 23, 1890. The principal officers then were: Carrie Eouisa
•Peaslee, Worthy Matron ; William Henry Wiley, Worth}^ Patron ; Melissa
Casandria Hester, Associate Matron ; Isaac Newton Scares, Secretary ;
Susie Etta Washburn, Treasurer ; Avelina Juanita Crowell, Conductress.

In 1895 there are 130 members ; and the chief officers are: Mrs. Ella
A. Sears, Worthy Matron : Mr. Charles J. Willet, Worthy Patron ; Mrs.
Mary G. Wiley, Associate Matron ; Mrs. Carrie B. Slater, Secretary ; Mrs.
Susie E. Washburn, Treasurer.

Corona Eodge (under Dispensation) F. and A. M. — Organized
December 21, 1894. Its charter members were: Dr. E. W. Frarj^, E. C.

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 507

Griffith, W. L. Wotkyns, J. A. Jacobs, E. E. Gaylord, C. H. Rhodes, W.
D. McGilvray, A. H. Conger, Dr. R. J. Mohr, E. T. Howe, E. H. May,
C. J. Willett, E. Groenendyke, C. H. Keyes, Dr. A. H. Palmer, J. E. Smyth.
First principal officers : Dr. Frary, W. M.; E. H. May, secretary; Willett,
treasurer; Rev. Dr. Wyllys Hall, chaplain. [Charter to be confirmed and
number assigned by Grand Lodge in December, 1895.]

The Masonic lodge room was at first in the A. O. U. W. hall in the
Public Library building. Then they leased and fitted up a room of their
own in the Williams hall block. But on February 28, 1895, ^^^ five
different bodies of the order took formal possession of their elegant rooms in
the magnificent block now known as the

MASONIC TEMPLE,
corner of Raymond Avenue and Colorado street, they having taken a long
lease on the entire upper floor — divided the space into rooms adapted to all
their various needs, and finished, furnished and decorated them in a style of
artistic taste and elegance not excelled even in San Francisco — some Masonic
rooms there being larger, but none finer. The building cost $40,000, and
was erected by Col. E- P. Hansen, J. S. Torrance and M. E. Wood, in

1894-95.

temperance orders.

Pasadena Lodge, No. 173, Independent Order
OF Good Templars. — The first meeting to talk up or-
ganization was held February 24, 1879, at the little old
schoolhouse which was moved from Orange Grove Av-
Avenue to the corner of Colorado street and Fair Oaks
Avenue. Nearly all of the old settlers of the colony
were present. The lodge was instituted on the same
day, by Mr. Leland, Grand Lodge Lecturer, I. O. G. T. of California,
assisted by members of the order from Merrill Lodge of Los Angeles,
with the following as charter members : P. G. Wooster, C. C. Smith, F. S.
Woodcock, I. N. Mundell, S. M. Cambell, Charles McAffrey, H. G. Bennett,
S. D. Bryant, H. L. Bryant, Ella Bryant, A. S. Hollingsworth, Mrs. A. S. Hol-
lingsworth, Delia Washburn, Ward B. Swartzell, Nettie Millard, Elisha Millard,
Iva Millard, Dell Millard, Ed. E. Millard, Esther Turner, Charles Turner, F. H.
Heald, N. M, Townsend, John Lowe, Elisha Lowe, John Lowe, Jr., Frank
Lowe, Alex. F. Mills, William G. Persing, W. H. Townsend, Dennis Prinz. The
first officers were : Worthy Chief Templar, P. G. Wooster ; Right Hand
Supporter, Miss Iva Millard ; Left Hand Supporter, Miss Jennie Masher ;
Vice-Templar, Mrs. Esther Turner ; Secretary, Frank Lowe ; Assistant
Secretary, Miss Ella Bryant ; Financial Secretary, H. G. Bennett ; Treasurer,
Mrs. Anna Mundell ; Marshal, S. M. Cambell ; Deputy Marshal, Miss
Delia Washburn ; Inside Guard, Mrs. C. C. Smith ; Outside Guard, Herbert

5o8 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

L. Bryant ; Chaplain, F. S. Woodcock ; Past Worthy Chief Templar,
Arthur Hollingsworth.

This was the first secret order fraternity organized in Pasadena. It was
not incorporated until November 21, 1881, when it joined with the A. O. U.
W. in putting a second story on the Library building for the use of the two
lodges. [See page 204.] The lodge celebrated its fifteenth anniversary,
February 17, 1894, in Grand Army hall, when addresses were made by Rev.
C. E. Harris, pastor of Baptist church ; Rev. Florence Kollock, pastor of
Universalist church ; Rev. J. H. Stuntz, Dr. Wm. D. Turner, and others ;
and also by three of the original members, Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Mundell and
Will H. Townsend.'^^ The membership on May i, 1895, was 117.

For several years, about 1888-89-90-91, an order called Band op Hope
was maintained by the Good Templars — then it was merged into the W. C.
T. U.'s " lyoyal I,egion." But in March, 1895, an order of Juvenile
Templars was organized, from which boys and girls may pass at proper
age directly into the senior lodge, by right of inheritance. A. E. Baldwin,
superintendent. Meetings Sunday afternoon, in G. A. R. hall.

Sons op Temperance. — A Division of this order was instituted in
1884. Among its members were : A. F. Mills (who was its Worthy Patri-
arch), Benj. A. Rice, Robt. W. Ivacy, H. L. Bryant, and others. But it did
not long survive.

Ancient Order op United Workmen. — Pasa-
dena Lodge No. 151, A. O. U. W., was insti-
tuted December 18, 1879, in the old Central School
building. The first members were Geo. E. Hall, B. F.
Ball, Geo. Miller, Elisha Millard, Joseph- Nelson, A. V.
Dunsmore, R. Williams, J. S. Mills, P. M. Green, F. D.
///,//|J|\\r' Kellogg, S. Washburn, F. Heydenreich. The first

officers were : Hall, past master ; Ball, masterworkman ; Miller, fore-
man ; Millard, overseer ; WilHams, recorder ; Washburn, financier ; Hey-
denreich, receiver ; Mills, guide ; Nelson, gatekeeper. The emblem of the
order is an anchor and shield. Benefit — $2,000 to family, at death of
a member. This lodge joined with the Good Templars and built
a second story on the colony's Public Library building, to use jointly
for lodge rooms. Number of members in 1894 — 57.

The data furnished from this lodge was very meager. It has a Degree
OP Honor No. 47, a branch organization for ladies, but its date of organi-
zation, first members, etc., were not furnished, although I sent them a His-
tory blank, soliciting the information.

*NoTE —Dr. I. S. P. Lord, who has resided in Pasadena since 1879, was a delegate in the convention
at Cleveland, Ohio, in May, 1.S55, when the National Grand Lodge, I. O. G. T., was first organized ; and
was a member of the committee on ritual.

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 509

Pasadena Lodge No. 132, Knights of Pythias, is
thus mentioned as to its beginnings, by the Pasadena Uiiion
of September 25, 1885 :

"On Friday evening, the i8th inst., the first meeting
was held at Masonic hall, for the purpose of instituting a
lodge of the Knights of Pythias. The following candidates
having signed a petition for a charter, were duly initiated
rank of Knights : J. Banbury, R. WilHams, W. O. Swan,
A. Kreig, Emil Kayser, John C. Kerr, J. E. Clarke, lyouis
Heitman, and J. Ellis, while W. R. Davis, G. E. Meharry, J. D. Gil-
christ, C. S. Howard, and Charles Swift united by card from other lodges.
The second meeting was held on Wednesday, September 23, and the follow-
ing candidates were regularly initiated : D. Galbraith, E. E. Fordham,
Chas. W. Bell, Geo. A. Greeley, W. B. Eoughery, and C. S. Barnet. After
the initiatory services, Deputy Grand Chancellor M. G. McCoon proceeded
to install the officers of the lodge, whose names and official rank are as fol-
lows : Jabez Banbury, past chancellor; J. E. Clarke, chancellor commander ;
W. O. Swan, Jr., vice chancellor; John C. Kerr, prelate; E. E. Fordham,
keeper of records and seal ; D. Galbraith, master of exchequer ; L. A.
Craig, master of finance ; L,ouis Heitman, master at arms ; C. W. Bell,
inner guard; R. Williams, outer guard. On October 20 they initiated
eleven new members, and had a social supper at Pasadena hotel, with visit-
ing brethren from Los Angeles, Alhambra, and San Diego. [No further
data furnished.]

Fidelity Temple No. 4, Rathbone Sisters, is an auxiliary order of
women. But no data as to time of organization, first members, etc., were
furnished, although the same request was made as of all the other orders.
There is also a lodge of Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias. But no
data furnished.

independent order of odd fellows.

Pasadena Lodge No. 324, I. O. O. F.,
was instituted December 30, 1885; and the
^ Union of January i, 1886, said of it :
W\vS>v=$~^^~ "The finishing work was done Wednes-

day evening, December 30, 1885,* by the formal institution of the new
lodge, and the work was crowned by a banquet and a good time
at Nay & Willard's Pasadena hotel. The initiatory steps for ^ the
new. lodge were taken in September by Frank M. Ward, E. S. Frost
and others. Five or six meetings were held, and the charter was
received with the names of Frank M. Ward, E. S. Frost, L. J. New-
Ian, H. Haskins, Joseph Laspada, A. D. Lockhart, J. E. Sulhvan,
Lewis H. Bixby, T. A. Smith, and Wm. H. Darrow as charter members."
The first officers were : E. S. Frost, noble grand ; T. A. Smith, vice
grand ; Frank M. Ward, recording secretary ; L. J. Newlan, treasurer.
They met in the Masonic lodge room, Williams block. Motto: " Friend-

* The preliminary meetings had been held in a small private room in the historic old roller skating
rink, corner Fair Oaks Avenue and Dayton street, where the Doty block now stands.

510 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ship, Love, and Truth." Objects — Fraternal, social, beneficiary. Num-
ber of members in 1894 — 7i- Officers in 1894: A. G. Heiss, noble
grand; A. S. Glidden, vice grand; Jas. B. McNeil, recording secretary;
Jas. Zellhart, treasurer ; J. S. Blick, financial secretary. AuxiHary orders :
Encampment, and Rebekah lodge.

The Pasadena Weekly Star oi January 13, 1894, contained a report of a
notable open installation held jointly in the Doty block by the Men's and
Women's lodges of this order. Speeches were made by Rev. Dr. Conger,
the chaplain elect, followed by Judge A. J. Utley and others. The Judge's
speech has a historic interest and value. The Star's report said :

"Judge Utley spoke briefly and strongly in commendation of the recog-
nition given to women in the work done by our Odd Fellow and Rebekah
lodges. He thought the order a fit handmaid of the church, and that in
both organizations men need the restraining influence of women. He cited
as an instance of the presence of this restraint the late banquet to Father
Throop, where there were ladies and no wine ; and as an example of the
lack of restraint, the banquet to President Harrison a couple of years ago,
whereat there were no ladies, but so much wine that he had been informed
a large proportion of the male guests and the waiters as well were as drunk
as lords.

"Rev. Florence Kollock responded very happily to an invitation to
speak. She accepted Judge Utley 's estimate of the relative worth of men
and women as correct ; but she thought woman needs the broadening and in-
tellectually stimulating influence of man, and that both were divinely ordered
to work out the problem of life together."

Dr. Swearingen reported the following statistics of interest and historic
value to Pasadena :

Sick benefits paid to members of lodge during 1893 $2,980 80

Sick benefits and funeral expenses for visiting brethren.... 6,544 30
Total paid for relief $9,525 10

On January 8, 1895, another open installation was held by these orders.
And some statistics were then read by secretary Homer Blick (prepared by
Dr. Swearingen) which show more distinctly than anything that has else-
where been made pubHc how heavily Pasadena is drawn upon year after
year for the care and burial of sick people who come here without means-
and generally too late for benefit by the climate. The table is one of special
value for reference, and I quote it entire :

Ivodge instituted December 31, 1885, and during the
nine years we have paid to our own members 435

weeks sick benefits, amounting to $ 3,051 50

Paid for nursing our own members 510 75

Paid for funeral expenses of four of our deceased

members 252 55

Total amount paid out for our own members $ 3,814 80

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 5 II

This lodge has relieved 78 visiting brothers, aggregating

1556 weeks' sickness, amounting to '. 5)9i2 00

Paid for nursing visiting brothers 270 50

Paid funeral expenses of 15 visiting brothers 1,154 9°

Donated an Odd Fellow's widow 50 00

Donated a visiting brother 25 00

Paid rent for a needy visiting brother 10 40

Paid widows and orphans benefits 36 10

Total amount paid out for visitors $ 7,458 90

Total amount paid for our own and visiting brothers $1 1,273 7°

Pasadena Encampment No. 84, I. O. O. F. — Several preliminary-
meetings were held in Dr. Swearingen's medical office during the winter of
1887-88, by members of Encampments at Los Angeles, Cal.; Pittsburg>
Pa.; North Adams, Mass.; Sterling, 111.; Boston, Mass.; Detroit, Mich.
And the order was finall}^ instituted May 24, 1888, in Odd Fellows hall in
the Doty block. Its charter members were : W. A. Burdick, W. H.
Darrow, A. C. Stevens, J. S. Blick, Geo. A. Durrell, Ernest Canfield. The
first principal officers were: Darrow, Chief Patriarch; Burdick, S. W. ;
Stevens, H. P.; Blick, Scribe ; Durrell, J. W.; Canfieid, Treasurer. Motto:
" F'aith, Hope and Charity." Sick benefits, $4 per week. Number of
members in 1894, 52. Officers : W. H. Korstian, C. P.; J. S. Blick, Scribe;
A. G. Heiss, Treasurer.

Pasadena Rebekah Dodge No. 121, I. O. O. F., had its preliminary
meeting in the Masonic lodge room, in Williams block, in July, 1887, with
thirteen persons present. And on August 3 it was duly instituted in the
same room, with the following roll of first members : Clara D. Read, Addie

E. Conover, Dona J. Ingalls, Bertha D. Deuel, Carrie M. Willis, Helen
Greene, Nellie M. Palmer, W. D. Read, J. F. Deuel, Dr. S. P. Swearingen,
R. B. Conover, John Daly, Harry C. Mohn, A. C. Alexander, W. H. Dar-
row, O. W. Hooper, T. P. Darkin, S. M. Cook, J. M. Tuscher, Chas.
Deuel, Devere Deuel, M. J. Green, I. A. Willis, B. F. Ingalls — 24 women
and men. The first principal officers were : W. D. Read, N. G.; Bertha D.
Deuel, Vice G.; Addie E. Conover, Secretary; Helen Greene, Treasurer;
Carrie M. Willis, Warden ; Nellie M. Palmer, Conductor. Motto : "Friend-
ship, Dove and Truth." In 1894 there were 52 members. The only death
in the order was that of Lona J. Ingalls, who died in October, 1891, being
at the time Noble Grand of the lodge.

OTHER "benefit ORDERS."

Pasadena Council No. 199, Order op Chosen Friends. — Instituted
February 5, 1889. The charter members were: A. A. Caswell, Mrs.
Catharine Meek, Dr. J. C. Eraser, C. D. Middlekauf, F. E. Swift, Mrs. M.

F. McClure, Mrs. H. M. Neitz, W. D- Clark, W. P. Young, Mrs. R. A.
Biddle, Mrs. E. R. Biddle, W. B. Dadoux, M. C. Ladoux, J. Goodwin, C.
R. Black, G. F. Mander, E. R. Biddle, R. A. Biddle. First officers : Cas-

512 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

well, Chief Councilor; Mrs. Meek, Vice-C; Dr. Fraser, Secretary; Swift,
Treasurer ; Mrs. McCIure, Prelate ; and six minor offices. Medical ex-
aminers: Dr. J. C. Fraser and Dr. Kate S. Black. Motto: "Fraternity,
Aid, Protection." Symbols of the order: Clasped hands, figure 7, seven
links, seven-pointed star, seven colors, the Ark, the rainbow, the triangle.
Number of members in 1895 are: 16 social and 18 beneficiary — total, 34.

Pasadena Council No. 17S, Fraternal Aid Association. — Insti-
tuted February 7, 1895,. with 41 charter members, and 23 beneficiaries who
had already passed the medical examination. It is one of the Fraternity
life insurance secret orders. Its first officers were: Past President, V. E.
Carson ; President, A. ly. Petrie ; Vice-President, Mrs. L. E. Mason ; Secre-
tary, Luther A. Brown; Treasurer, W M. Pennel ; Medical examiner. Dr.
F. Grinnell ; Trustees, B. A. Sparks, W. Mason and A. Dougherty ; Cor-
respondent, Elizabeth Grinnell.

Pasadena Tent No. i. Knights of the Mac-
cabees.— Instituted February 26, 1889, the first one in
California. Among the first members were : J. K.
Kelly, J. S. Glasscock, J. W. McEvers, Heman Dyer,
J. F. Church. The ofiicers in 1895 ^.re : T. O. Prince,
commander ; W. H. Korstian, lieut. commander ; F. E.
Burnham, record keeper ; J. W. Eyestone, finance keeper ; W. S. Albaugh,
chaplain; etc. [Very little data furnished.] Said to have 150 members.
Pasadena Hive No. 6, Eadies of the Maccabees. — Instituted
February 26, 1894, by Miss Bina West, official organizer for this State. It
is auxiliary to the Knights of Tent No. i. The first officers were : Mary E-
Furman, past lady commander ; Euella Conrad, lady commander ;
Minnie J. McEachlan, lieut. lady commander ; Kittie A. Prince, record
keeper ; Mary L,. Pennis, finance keeper ; Mary E. Shaw, chaplain ; Effie
J. Delbridge, .sergeant ; Eulu A. Clator, mistress at arms ; Emma Shaw,
sentinel ; Ruth A. Smith, picket ; Bertha E- Plant, Agnes Petrie, Ella E.
Mark, banner bearers. Has about 60 members in 1895.

Fraternal Mystic Circle. — A secret Order bearing this name, and
having a life insurance basis, was instituted September 14, 1 891, in the
Knights of Pythias hall. There were 25 members, and the following were'
the first officers: C. A. Roberts, Worthy Ruler; S. R. Eippincott, Jr., W.
Vice-Ruler ; V. E. Carson, Past W. Ruler ; E- E. Barnhart, W. Chaplain ;
W. N. Campbell, W. Recorder; Henry Newby, W. Treasurer; W. S.
Windham, W. Collector ; P. W. Walker, W. Marshal ; Tilman Hobson,
W. Warden; Fred. Wieck, Guard ; F. M. Plischke, Sentry ; R. A. Eiickey,
H. H. Hillier and J. J. Blick, Trustees. The working plan of this order
did not prove satisfactory to its Pasadena members ; and in time they dis-
banded, and all of them who could pass the rigid physical examination
required by the " Royal Arcanum " joined it.

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 513

Pasadena Councii. No. 1170, Royal Arcanum. — Was instituted
April 9, 1894, in Knights of Pythias hall. Its first oflScers were : S. R.
Ivippincott, Regent ; Geo. A. Durrell, Vice-Regent ; F. H. Heydenreich,
Secretary ; W. L. Wotkyns, Treasurer ; H. W. Hines, Collector. Motto .
"Virtue, Mercy and Charity." It is a life insurance order, with assess-
ments graduated according to age at time of becoming a member. Officers
in 1895: Heydenreich, Regent; Ivippincott, V. R.; J. J. Blick, Secy.;
Wotkyns, Treas. ; Calvin Hartwell, Collector.

Court Pasadena No. 8365, Ancient Order Forest-
ers of America. — The first meetings to talk up organi-
zation were held in the Balmoral hotel, August 28 and 31,
1893. The order is fraternal, benevolent, beneficiary, and
was founded in 1745. The Pasadena Court was instituted on
September 4, 1893, by Deputy Grand Chief Ranger McGuinness, with 39
charter members ; and the first officers were : C. W. Buchanan, Junior Past
Chief Ranger; H.W. Hines, Chief Ranger; Henry Newby, Sub-Chief Ranger ;
G. B. Mclyaughlin, Treasuer ; A. F. Fuller, Financial Secretary; W. L.
Ivippincott, Recording Secretary ; I. N. Todd, Senior Woodward ; W. W.
Ivcithead, Junior Woodward ; W. S. Robinson, Senior Beadle ; E. D.
Tyler, Junior Beadle ; Dr. H. H. Sherk, Physician ; Chas. E. Week, T. J. De
Huff, A. E. Hamilton, Trustees.

Alexandra Eodge No. 385, Order Sons of St. George, was
instituted December 18, 1894, in G. A. R. hall. The first members
were: Geo. M. Boston, C. R. Balchin, F. W. Dawson, J. J. Ford, R. N.
Maiden, W. Stanger, J. Turner, R. Thomas, A. Wheldon, G. Wilson, H.
J. Natcher, G. C. Sanderson, T. P. Adney. The first officers were : Boston,
Worthy President ; Wheldon, W. Vice President ; Adney, Past Presi-
dent ; Ford, W. Secretary ; Natcher, Assistant Secretary ; Sanderson, W.
Treasurer ; Thomas, W. Messenger ; Balchin, Assistant Messenger. Num-
ber of members, 20. Motto : " Honi soit qui mal y pense." Benefits . $7
per week in sickness, besides medical service ; $100 for member's funeral,
or $50 for wife's funeral.

industrial orders.
Carpenters' Union. — An article in the Valley Union of July 2, 1886,
says: "About 100 carpenters and joiners of Pasadena and vicinity as-
sembled at Williams hall Saturday night to consider the matter of organ-
izing a Carpenters' Union. A delegation of nine from Union No. 56, Eos
Angeles, were present to explain the workings and objects of the organiza-
tion. Twenty-four carpenters signed the roll as charter members, to or-
ganize a Pasadena Union next week." No names are given, and I found
nothing more about it until the same paper of September 25, 1886, pubhshed
a series of resolutions by the contracting employers. The union had de-

33

514 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

manded that after October i, 1886, they should work only nine hours, and
have the same wages per day as they were then getting for ten hours. In
opposition to this, the contractors adopted a series of explanatory and de-
claratory resolves, the gist of which was that they did not object to nine
hours as a day's work ; but — " Resolved, 3d : That we most positively re-
fuse to increase the present price per hour for labor, " etc. — the reasons for
which are set forth at considerable length. And the document is signed by
Buchanan Bros., C. B. Ripley, Seth Glidden, C. Ehrenfeld, H. H. Un-
ville, Robt. Wetherill, C. W. Abbott, Swift Bros., A. Thorns, Undsay
Bros., Geo. D. Webster, Charles Crew, H. Wesley — all the carpenter-
employing firms in Pasadena at that time. The result was that nine hours
became a day's work in that trade, but only nine-hours pay was allowed.
Some workmen quit and left town ; some continued to work ten hours a
day ; some worked nine hours only. The building boom soon began to de-
cline, and when it finally broke, the Carpenters' Union died out, for it came
to that that men were glad to get work at almost any price. However, by
1 891 business began to revive in this line, and

Local Union No. 645, of the Brotherhood of Carpeiiters ayid Joiners of
America, was organized in the old Library building on Dayton street,
January 3, 1892, with fifteen charter members. The first officers were :
J. S. Withiel, president; S. H. Porter, recording secretary; H. E. Shaw,
financial secretary. The information is given me that in the spring of 1893
this Union succeeded in establishing eight hours as a day's work, instead of
nine hours, for carpenters in Pasadena. Its officers in 1894 were: S. H.
Porter, president ; J. O. Burdick, vice president ; H. H. Hillier, recording
secretary ; S. A. Rene, financial secretary ; Christian Hanson, treasurer.
Motto: "Labor Omnia Vincit." It is a beneficiary order, with fraternal,
social, and industrial objects also in view.

Knights of Labor. — Pasadena Local Assembly No. 1051 — founded
April 7, 1888. Met in the Mills block. Motto: "An injury to one is the
concern of all." Names of officers and charter members not furnished-
But an official document is furnished, in which occurs this instruction :

' ' Above all things you are required to exercise the right of suffrage in-
telligently, and above partisan prejudice or bias. Do not vote for party be-
fore country. * ^ While the order is not a political party, it knows of
no methods by which legislative reforms can be brought about except
through a wise and intelligent use of the ballot. The aim of the order is to
educate its members, and to mutually assist each other in every lawful and
practicable manner."

Pasadena Union No. 92, Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators of
America; organized February 3, 1892. Motto: "Labor Omnia Vincit."
Names of members and officers not furnished. Objects — Mutual aid, both
socially, intellectually, and industrially to members of the craft. Benefits :
Member's funeral, $50; $100; $150 — according to period of membership.

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 515

Permanent disability, same figures. Wife's funeral, $25 ; $50. Meetings
Monday evening, in Arcade building.

Builders' Exchange. — Purely mutual and voluntary. Fifty mem-
bers have boxes each for their own business, at office of Simons Bros. Brick
Co. It is a place and facilities for conference on all matters as to cost of
material, cost of labor, sub-letting of contracts, etc., on buildings, sewer work,
street work, tunneling, excavating, cement work, brick laying, and all
manner of trades work in these lines.

NATIONALIST CLUB.

The first record that I found of this society was dated August 9, 1889,
and said : "The third meeting for the consideration of Bellamy's book, and
other social reforms, took place in the parlor of the Universalist church.
Attendance, forty-eight. The subject of the evening was the 'Single Tax
System' of Henry George." At this meeting E. D. NejBf was chairman,
and Miss Eaura B. Packard secretary ; and the speakers mentioned were
Walter Eeavens, Dr. Eyman Allen, Mrs. Katie H. Keese, Mr. — Rhodes,
Mrs. Sophia K. Durant, J. B. Corson. The weekly meetings are recorded
as of " The Social Improvement Club,'' and seems to have had no regular
officiary up to October 5, 1889 ; but on this date the name " First Nation-
alist Club of Pasadena " was formally adopted, and a board of officers
elected as follows : E. J. Durant, president ; M. Earkin, vice president ;
E. H. Bannister, secretary ; C. T. Dxss, treasurer ; Walter Eeavens, W. H.
Clark, J. Albertus, advisory committee. The meetings continued to be held
weekly in the Universalist church basement until December 29 ; then they
were held in Wooster hall until August 17, 1890, when they returned to
the Universalist church again. And at this meeting the record says : " The
secretary stated that the meetings seemed to be doing but little good, that
many are losing interest, and they are at best but poorly attended." And
this meeting ended the club's active existence, for no further record appears.
At this time there were ninety-nine names on its roll of membership ; yet
more than half the names mentioned from time to time as taking part in the
proceedings do not appear among the ninety-nine.

During the life of this organization it was a thing of note, and was
always dubbed in press and common speech as "The Bellamy Club."
Among the prominent people who gave lectures, addresses, sermons, topical
papers, or the like under its auspices, were: Rev. E. E. Conger, D. D.;
Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr ; Prof. James G. Clark, the eminent poet, music com-
poser, and sweet singer ; Rev. D. P. Bowen, author of " The Ideal Republic";
Rev. R. M. Webster, the apostle of "Applied Christianity"; Dr. O. H.
Conger; Dr. Si vartha of Chicago, known as a " re-incarnationist "; Rev.
Doremus Scudder, D. D., a Congregationalist minister of national fame —
public lecture in Williams hall ; Dr. Kate S, Black ; Abbot Kinney,- of the

5l6 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

State forestry commission ; Charlotte Perkins Stetson. Also many persons
of lesser note spoke there.

June 8, 1890, was observed by this club as Woman's Day ; Mrs. I^arkin
acted as president and Mrs. D. W. lyCavens as secretary ; the proceedings
were joined in by Mrs. Julia B. Sunderlin, Dr. Kate S.- Black, Miss Marie
A. Walsch of Los Angeles, Mrs. Sophia K. Durant, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr,
Miss lyouise A. Off of lyos Angeles.

people's society for ethical culture.
This was assembled in the Conservatory of Opera hall, North Fair
Oaks Avenue, October 11, 1891 ; and the records of the first meeting say :
" Meeting composed chiefly of the elements of the old Nationalist organiza-
tion." The formal organization was made October 18, with 23 members,
who elected for officers : M. Larkin, president ; C. F. Harris, vice-president;
Mrs. D. W. Leavens, secretary and treasurer ; L. H. Bannister, H. G. C.
Gordon, Mrs. N. L- Ingham (besides the officers), executive committee.
There was some difficulty in choosing a name ; and the above rather lengthy
name was finally adopted as a compromise. The declared object was : "The
firiendl}^ consideration and discussion of all questions affecting the social
wellbeing of the human race." Meetings were kept up until June 5, 1892.
No record appears after that date.

sociological society.
Organized April 27, 1895, i^i G. A. R. hall, with the following officers:
Elias Smith, M. D., president ; Miss EmmaC. Lentz, vice-president ; Frank
Merritt, secretary and treasurer ; Miss Carrie I. Smith and James Semple
(with the officers), executive committee. Object : To discuss the live ques-
tions of the day. Motto: "Hear all sides." It is a successor to or
re-incarnation of the old "Society for Ethical Culture." Names new, but
plan and purpose substantially the same.

* ALTRURIA association — PASADENA COUNCIL NO. 7.

Organized August 22, 1894, in G. A. R. hall, with eleven active mem-
bers. First officers : Geo. A. Swerdfiger, president ; Mrs. E. A. Emerson,
vice president ; Mrs. Katie H. Keese, secretary ; D. A. Harrison, chaplain ;
L- H. Bannister, superintendent ; Mrs. Harrison, treasurer. Later the
meetings were held bi-monthly, at Prof. Harrison's residence. This is one
of eight councils connected with the co-operative colony called Altruria, in
Sonoma county, Cal., the others being located at Altruria, Berkeley, Oak-
land, San Jose, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. In April, 1895, W. I.
Keese and family went from Pasadena to reside in the colony, and Mrs. Em-
ma F. Gardner was elected secretary in Mrs. Keese's place. In May, 1895,
there were fourteen members.

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIE'TARY. 517

CHAPTER XXVII.
Aptitudes. — Literary, Charity, Nativity, and Sporting Organizations.

LITERARY SOCIETIES.

During the winter of 1875-76 the colony people organized a literary so-
ciety, which covered the whole ground of essays, debates, recitations, a pen-
and-ink local paper, dramatic performances, etc. For more particulars of
this first and richly historic society, see pages 137, 147, and 169.

PoMOLOGiCAL SOCIETY. — The first fruit growers' organization in
Southern California was organized in Pasadena in 1875, and was in fact a
literary society, to report, read, compare experiences, and discuss on all
fruit-growing topics and interests. It met monthly in the colony school-
house ; but I did not find any further details.

Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle of Pasadena. — This
was organized in October, 1884 ; and the Valley U7iion of October 11 said:

In pursuance of a notice in the Union of October 4, a meeting was held
in the inner room of the Public Library building, Monday evening, for the
purpose of forming a C. L. S. C. in Pasadena. A large Circle was organ-
ized, of which Prof. E. T. Pierce was elected president, and Mrs. S. E.
Merritt, secretary. The following names were offered for membership :
Prof. E. T. Pierce, George E. Meharry, Moritz Rosenbaum, Mrs. E. T. W. Con-
ger, Mrs. H. W. Magee, Mrs. Caroline Ridgway, Mrs. N. M. Hisey, Mrs.
E. T. Pierce, Mrs. G. E. Meharry, Mrs. M, Rosenbaum, Mrs. M. E. Gall-
meyer, Mrs. C. C. Robinson, Mrs. S. E. Merritt, Miss Hannah Ball [now
Mrs. F. R. Harris], Miss E. H. Hisey, Miss Elma Ball [now Mrs. H. I.
Stuart], Miss Rhoda Dickey, Dr. John Cleaver, Prof. F. D. Bullard, Wm. B.
Mosher, H. Bert Ellis [now Dr. Ellis of Eos Angeles], Edward Mosher. "

Others soon joined, but these were the only names enrolled at the first
meeting. They kept up their meetings and readings for about six months,
then gradually dropped out, and this first Circle died.

Marengo Avenue Circle, C. E. S. C, was organized in November,
1886, at Switzer's camp, away up in the mountains via Arrovo Seco can-
yon. Those who formed it there were : Mrs. C. A. Boynton, Frank S.
Wallace, Miss Mary Wallace [now Mrs. F. S. Johnston], Mrs. H. E. Eucas,
Miss Annie P. Boynton [now Mrs. Dr. Bleecker], Miss S. E. Sherburne,
Mr. Lewis Carlisle. Mr. Wallace was chosen president, and Miss Boynton
secretary and treasurer. This organization still continues, and its officers in
1895 are: H. N. Van Nuys, president; J. W. Sedwick, vice president;
Miss Rosa AUin, secretary ; L. L- Test, treasurer. About twenty-five mem-
bers.

EscHOLTSCHiA CiRCLE, C. L- S. C. — Limited to a membership of ladies
only, and not more than twelve at one time, and day meetings only. This
was organized September 27, 1890, with Miss Elma Ball, Mrs. T. C. Foster,

5l8 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Mrs. F. R. Harris, Mrs. August Meyer, Mrs. C. D. Sargent, Mrs. F. A.
Stout, and a few others, as first members. They completed the four years
course, and four of them — Madames Foster, Meyer, Sargent, and Stout,
received diplomas ; but others did not apply for them. In June, 1894, when
the Chautauqua curriculum had been completed, the}^ changed the name of
their society to the "Monday Afternoon Club," and still continue their
meetings and readings on lines of their own choice.

Dei^phi Circle, C. L. S. C. — This was organized October 2, 1892, out
of the Marengo Av. Circle, and is still in existence, 1895 ; but no data
furnished.

Olivewood CircIvE, C. ly. S. C. — Organized October 2, 1892, out of
the Marengo Av. Circle, to serve as a local for residents of Olivewood
and vicinity. It was kept up for one Chautauqua year, then disbanded —
some of its members going back into the parent circle and some into the
Delphi circle.

The following is a list, as nearly complete as I could gather, of persons
who have graduated from Pasadena circles and received the Chautauqua
diploma : Mrs. O. H. Stanton, Mrs. Anna H. Johnston, Mrs. Annie P.
Bleecker, Mrs. Frank S. Wallace, Mrs. Susie Holmes, Miss Maude Jacobs
[now Mrs. Winter], Mrs. T. C. Foster, Mrs. August Meyer, Mrs. C. D.
Sargent, Mrs. F. A. Stout, Mr. F. S. Wallace, Mr. A. B. Stevens.

Yucca Circle, C. L. S. C, South Pasadena. — Organized in October,
1887, by Mrs. A. A. Burrows, Miss L. E. Whiting, Miss C. M. Bishop, Mrs.
Gertrude Case [now Mrs. Bridges], Miss Rebecca Graham, Miss Belle Everett.
[Mrs. Burrows was one of the first members and first graduates of the
first Chautauqua class or circle ever formed in the world. That class was
enrolled on the banks of Chautauqua lake, in 1878, while Rev. Dr. Vincent
was standing on a stump addressing them. She joined this Pasadena circle
to review.] Its graduates have been : Miss Bishop, 1891 ; Mrs. Eeo Long-
ley, 1892 ; Harry W. Cunningham, 1893. In June, 1893, this circle died.

The Cynthia Bishop Circle, C. E. S. C, South Pasadena. — Organ-
ized in October, 1894. Miss North, president; Miss Elva Srcith,

secretary.

The Shakspeare Club. — The beginning of this society was during a
session of the Eadies Aid Society of the First Congregational church, in
June, 1888, when Miss Claribel Thompson and Mrs. Eydia Nash privately
talked over the matter of having a ladies' literary society or club, and
agreed to start one. Accordingly they appointed a meeting for the next
week at Miss Thompson's home on Palmetto street. Other ladies had been
invited, but only those two came. They, however, proceeded to formulate
the plan for future meetings, and decided on Shakspeare as the first author
to take up. At the next meeting there were three recruits — Miss Ellen F.

DIVISION SEVKN — SOCIETARY. 519

Thompson, Mrs. Ella Allen and Mrs. Dr. Page. After this the attendance
steadily increased; and on August 31, 1888, a formal organization was
made, under the name of "Women's Reading Club," with twelve members.
Miss Ellen Thompson, president ; Mrs. Lydia Nash, vice-president ; Mrs.
Henry G. Bennett, secretary and treasurer. It was soon found that the
initials, W. R. C, of the name adopted being used in the newspapers, were
always mistaken for the well known "Woman's Relief Corps " secret order;
and therefore in March, 1889, the name " Shakspeare Club of Pasadena"
was substituted. The club has pursued a systematic study of the social and
domestic life, architecture, literature, music and art works, industries, gen-
eral history, etc. , of different nations. The officers in 1894 were: Mrs.
Prof. Keyes, president ; Mrs. Frances A. Stout, vice-president ; Mrs. Martha
B. Pitkin, treasurer ; Mrs. Ella B. Gabriel, secretary. The meetings were
held at members' homes, by appointment, until 1893, when G. A. R. hall
was secured.

The Fortnightly Club is a literary and public lecture association
connected with the Universalist church. It was organized during the winter
of 1892-93, and has continued since.

There are several local or neighborhood reading circles or clubs, in
addition to the public ones above recorded.

Pasadena Medical Association was organized April 2, 1889, by
Drs. A. H. Davis, D. B. Van Slyck, N. A. Dalrymple, F. F. Rowland,

Kelsey, Pinckney. In 1891 Dr. Van Slyck was their delegate to

the State Medical Society. In 1895 the ofl&cers were : Van Slyck, president;
Rowland, secretary. The objects are, to have reports and discussions on
medical and sanitary matters, maintain a legitimate fee bill, promote fraternal
relations, etc. In February, 1895, they took strong ground in favor of
police regulations to prevent the spread of consumption in Pasadena, and on
other points of sanitary policeage.

charities and benevolences.
Charity Organization Society. — The first meeting was held at
M. E. Wood's real estate office on Colorado street, June 28, 1889, Those
present were : J. A, Buchanan, A. B. Manahan, W. U. Masters, D. Gal-
braith, W. E. Arthur, Dr. O. H. Conger, Rev. Dr. E. Iv. Conger, Dr. G.
Roscoe Thomas, M. E. Wood, B. Marshal Wotkyns, Isaac Springer, Miss
Anna L,. Bartlett, Dr. Eliza Beach. A provisional organization was formed,
and committees appointed to work up public interest. Then on August 20
a general public meeting was held in Williams hall, and officers elected, to-
wit : Buchanan, president ; A, F. M. Strong, vice president ; Isaac Springer,
secretary ; M. E. Wood, treasurer. And Buchanan, Strong, Masters, Rev.
Conger, Dr. Eliza Beach, Miss Bartlett, and Miss J. C. McGuire, as an ex-
ecutive committee. The objects were stated to be :

520 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

1. To see that all deserving cases of destitution are properly relieved,

2. To prevent indiscriminate almsgiving.

3. To secure the community from imposture.

4. To make employment the basis of relief.

The necessity for this organization was forced upon a committee en-
gaged in soliciting aid for the sufferers by the terrible flood at Johnstown,
Pa., and great fire at Seattle, Washington, early in 1889. At the Williams
hall meeting, August 20, this committee reported nearly $1,200 collected;
f 500 of it had been sent to each of the stricken cities, and the balance was
turned over to this charity society. A published report of its transactions
in 1 89 1 showed a total of $618.21 received, and $359.35 paid out. Of the
amounts received from various sources there were : $33.50 from donations;
$62.91 from the President Harrison reception; $35 from Los Angeles
county ; $284.97 from the Chrysanthemum Fair.

The main purpose of this society is to secure mutual co-operation and
oversight of all charity work in the city, so as to prevent imposture by pro-
fessional beggars, chronic tramps, vagrants, etc.; to avoid overlapping of
work : to aid promptly the worthy destitute who are not otherwise cared
for ; and to secure employment wherever possible for those in need. On
this basis, there were in March, 1891, twenty-three churches and other or-
ganizations reported as thus co-operating under this society. In 1894 there
were about fifty members, and the oificers were : Buchanan, president ;
F. H. Vallette, vice president ; Miss Bartlett, secretary ; A. H. Conger,
treasurer. Executive committee : President Buchanan, W. U. Masters,
Mr. Vallette, Rev. C. E. Harris, Rev. Conger, Mrs. Judge Hester, Mrs.
Glendora Kyle.

Order of King's Daughters. — "Cheerful Workers" Circle No. i,
was organized June 9, 1888, by Miss Maude M. Marriner, with ten girls out
of her class in the Methodist Sunday school ; and this was the beginning of
the order in Pasadena. The first officers were : Miss Marriner, president ;
Nellie Austin, vice president; Helen Johnston, secretary; Jessie Buckius,
treasurer. Motto: "In His Name." Object: Every sort of work and
duty that will put the precepts of Christ into practice. Groups of "tens"
select some special thing as their special work. This Circle gave its first
public entertainment on September 25, 1888, in the M. E. church, and
cleared $65.80 for their treasury. Miss Marriner died in 1892, but her good
work abides.

" The Whatsoever Circle," O. K. D., is connected with the First Pres-
byterian church ; and its officers in 1894-95 were : Miss Ella Webb, presi-
dent ; Miss Pearl Van Doren, secretary ; Miss Ethel Grey, treasurer.

United Samaritan Society. — This was an outgrowth of the I^adies
Union Prayer Meeting, and was organized June 18, 1889, at the Presby-
terian church, there being 55 first members. The name itself indicates its

Division Severn — soCieTary.

521

object. The first officers were : Mrs. Mary S. Mosher, president ; Mrs.
Elizabeth R. Townsend, vice-president ; Mrs. H. Dyer, secretary ; Mrs.
Hester J. Griffith, treasurer. And a board of managers composed of one
from each church represented in the society. In 1890, and each year since,
the collection taken up at the Union Thanksgiving service has been given to
this society; and the sum total, together with other freewill offerings, has
been for the five years $793. 35. In the same time about 900 articles of
clothing were received and given out. During 1894 about 150 visits were
made to families needing aid and Christian sympathy, besides visits to
prisons and hospitals. The Thankgiving collection this year was $59.32 ;
the individual offerings, $48.55 in cash and $100 value in food supplies.
With, these means, 48 distressed families were aided ; and 300 articles of
clothing donated were placed where there was suffering need. On Thanks-
giving day 23 families received dinners, groceries and clothing. It is a
principle with this society not to get up any balls, fairs, suppers, bazars,
concerts or public entertainments of any sort, to raise charity funds by in-
direct methods. All their resources are from freewill offerings, made
directly and purposely for this Christlike work. Officers in 1885: Mrs. S.
K. Bosley, president ; Mrs. A. F. Keyes, vice-president ; Mrs. Dyer, secre-
tary ; Miss E. E. Fish, treasurer.

MoNTCLAiR Children's Home. —
About August I, 1 89 1, Dr. J. R. Town-
send was appointed superintendent for
Southern California of the National Child-
ren's Home Society (headquarters at
Chicago), devoted to the work of getting
homeless children into childless homes ;
and Mrs. Townsend was made assistant
superintendent. They opened a temporary
home to take in and care for homeless
waifs until they could be placed in suit-
able familes either by guardianship or le-
gal adoption. In 1892, a Rev. D. D. was
authorities as their general

xiQrc .tiicL*

MONTCLAIR CHILDREN'S HOME— iSgS-

sent here from the Chicago
superintendent in California, whose manner
was such that the whole business seemed to be a mere begging machine
for raising money to pay his salary of $2,000 a year and expenses; and
our people didn't hanker for that sort of " charity."

The Montclair* Children's Home Association was organized December
20, 1893, with Hon. P. M. Green, D. Galbraith, Rev. C. C. Reynolds,
Mrs. S. V. Maxfield, Ernest Canfield, Henry Cooley, Dr. J. R. Townsend,
as board of trustees ; and a State charter was granted them January 11,

*The name " Montclair " was given to this Home by Dr. Townsend and wife, as a memorial to
their little son of this name, who died on the island of Jamaica, "West Indies, while they were in service
as missionaries there.

522 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

1894. The same plan and objects was continued as before, with Dr. Town-
send and wife as managers. Mrs. Townsend was also State superintendent
for that department of work in the W. C. T. U. A report made to the
State W. C. T. U. in May, 1894, showed the parentage of children cared
for at this home up to that date, thus : French, i ; Danish, i ; Spanish, i ;
Swede, i ; German, i ; Negro, 3 ; white American, 49. There had been
returned to friends, 4 children ; placed in homes, 23 ; secured legal adoption,
3. A quarterly paper to represent this work was commenced in June, 1894.

Freewii^l Children's Home. — In August, 1893, ' Miss Olive L,.
Cleveland bought a property that had been built and fixed up for a saloon
and beer garden in South Pasadena, and had been so used until the city
authorities there drove out that nefarious business. She made suitable
changes in the place, and opened it as a Home for destitute children, and
for half-orphans, and for those needing temporary care till other provision
can be made for them by parents or relatives. Those who can pay in whole
or in part for cost of board, do so ; but many children have to be kept
purely as charity cases. In 1895 the Universalist parish of Pasadena took
a special interest in aiding this orphanage. Miss Cleveland was 70 years
old April 4, 1895, and had then 10 children in care.

Pasadena Humane Society, for prevention of cruelty to animals
and children. Organized October 18, 1894, auxiliary to the Los Angeles
Humane society, and under sanction of the State law as re-enacted by the
legislature of 1873-74. ^"^^ charter members were: Dr. F. F. Rowland
and wife, the meeting being at his office ; Dr. Ward B. Rowland, Dr. G.
Roscoe Thomas and wife, Mrs. Wm. Stanton, Dr. J. R. Townsend and wife,
B. W. Hahn, Esq., Dr. Kate S. Black, Mrs. M. Dreer, E. E. Jones and
wife. First officers were : Dr. F. Rowland, president ; Wm. Stanton, vice-
president ; Dr. Townsend, secretary ; Dr. Thomas, treasurer ; W. B. Row-
land, V, S., consulting veterinary surgeon; B. W. Hahn, attorney; Mrs.
Wm. Stanton, Mrs. E. T. Howe, additional directors. August i, 1895, officers
were the same ; and there was an enrollment of 57 members. Mis. E. R.
Townsend and Miss Olive Cleveland stand as honorary members, in recog-
nition of their faithful and devoted labors for orphan children.

NATIVITY associations.

The New England Society. — Its formation was suggested by the
incident of Geo. A. Durrell meeting Mrs. S. E. Merritt at the Pasadena
Library rooms on Dayton street, both being from Massachusetts. Mrs.
Merritt suggested the forming of a society of Massachusetts residents. Mr.
Durrell amended this suggestion with another, the forming of a New Eng-
land society ; whereupon it was agreed to call a meeting of the sons and
daughters of New England. Mr. Durrell hired the kitchen room of Williams
hall, and advertised a meeting for March 16, 1887. There were present at

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 523

that meeting the following, viz : Geo. A. Durrell, of Lawrence, Mass. (born
in Sanbornton, N. H.); P. G. Wooster, Hancock, Maine (born in same
place); Mrs. Mary A. Wooster, Edgartown, Mass. (born in same place);
Thos. F. Fl5mn, Boston, Mass. (born in same place); O. J. Muchmore, Thet-
ford, Vermont (born in lycbanon, N. H.); Mrs. O. J. Muchmore, Monmouth,
Maine (born in same place); G. S. Elsmore, Calais, Maine (born at Cooper,
Maine); Mrs. G. S. Elsmore, St. David, N. B. (born in Cooper, Maine);
Mrs. E. J. McDermid, Skowhegan, Maine ; Mrs. Alice M. Hildreth, Gar-
diner, Maine; S. L. Tuttle, Vergennes, Vermont (born in Monkton, Vt. );
Mrs. S. ly. Tuttle, Vergennes, Vermont; W. S. Holland, Pauton (bom in
Burlington, Vermont); his wife, Adeline, of Addison (born in Burlington,
Vermont); Albert P. Tower, Charlestown, Mass. (born in Somerville, Mass.);
William T. Reid, Litchfield, New Hampshire; Joseph Smiley, Sydney,
Maine (born in Skowhegan, Maine); Mary F. Smiley, Camden, Maine (born
in Skowhegan, Maine); John C. Costello, Boston, Mass.; James E. Place,
Portsmouth, New Hampshire (born in Cohoes, New York); James E.
Clarke, Newcastle, Maine (born in Augusta, Maine); F. M. Hovey, St.
Johnsbury, Vermont ; Jared Norton, Cottage City, Mass. (born at Edgar-
town, Mass.); Harry E. Lucas and wife, B. O. Kendall and wife, Theo.
Harrington and wife.

This society was organized with constitution and by-laws, and had 197
members, all told. It held twenty-three meetings, beginning with March 16,
1887, and ending April 5, 1889. P. G. Wooster was the first president; re-
elected January 19, 1888. W. S. Wright was second president. Geo. A.
Durrell was the first and only secretary. First treasurer, J. E. Farnum ;
second, W. S. Wright ; third, Mrs. Mary A. Wooster. First vice presidents
representing the six New England states were : Mrs. E. S. Frost, Maine ;
Mrs. O. J. Muchmore, New Hampshire ; Mrs. I. M. Hill, Vermont; Mrs.
S. E. Merritt, Massachusetts ; Mrs. I. B. Clapp, Connecticut ; Mrs. Julia E.
Briggs, Rhode Island. A big picnic was held at Lincoln Park, April 26^
1887. Afterward meetings were held from house to house; the first at
P. G. Wooster's, November 10, 1887, at 311 North Raymond Avenue ; and
the last at Wooster block, April 5, 1889. November 24, 1887, the sosiety
had a large gathering and big Thanksgiving dinner at Williams hall ; 150
persons sat at the table. [This historical sketch furnished by Mr. Wooster.]

There have been also an Iowa Association, a Vermont Association, a
Whiteside county (Illinois) Association, a Scottish Association, an Ohio As-
sociation, and perhaps others ; but they have not been kept up, and no data
were furnished me.

SPORTING ORGANIZATIONS.

The Pasadena Rifle Team. — This was the first organization of the
sort in Pasadena, and was formed during the winter of 1881-82. I wrote
to its secretary (C. H. Watts, now residing at Downey) for information, but

524 History of pAsade^nA.

received nothing ; and from other sources I gathered the following list of
names who were members of it : Col. Jabez Banbury, H. H. Markham,
Chas. H. Watts, David Townsend, F. H. Heald, E. G. Halleck, E. F.
Hurlbut, J. D. Gilchrist, J. H. Baker, Joseph Wallace, Seymour Eocke.
They had a practice ground on the Arroyo bottom about half a mile below
where the Scoville bridge now stands. The ground was in 1884 turned into
a Chinese market garden, and two or three years later was nearly all washed
away. During the winter of 1884-85 Mr. Watts sold his Pasadena property
and went into a livery stable business in Eos Angeles ; and the " Team "
had a prize shoot there on April 28, 1885, for two cups given by Mr. Hurl-
but. I found no tradition or record of any of their doings after this
date. [See Gov. Markham' s bear story, page 451.] Mr. Townsend had
died in 1883 ; Halleck went back to Wisconsin into some sort of railroad
business : Heald went to Elsinore, became an editor, boomed a town, and
busted ; Markham was elected to Congress, then to the State governorship ;
Banbury started a lumber yard, then was elected to the legislature, and had
no time for sporting any more ; Wallace started a cannery, and had his
hands full ; Gilchrist started a great printing establishment in Eos Angeles,
and was tied up there; Baker built the Acme hotel; and so Pasadena's
historic ' ' Rifle Team ' ' was scattered and broken up.

Valley Hunt Club. — Organized November 3, 1888, with the following
persons as charter members :

GENTLEMEN. LADIES.

F. F. Buell, Mrs. Buell,

W. U. Masters, Mrs. Masters,

H. H. Suesserott, Mrs. B. M. Wotkyns,

T. B. Barnum, Mrs. Barnum,

C. F. Holder, Miss J. Patten,

R. Vandevort, Miss M. Greenleaf,

P. Martin, Miss T. Greene,

Dr. H. N. Hall, Miss Fanny Cole,

Dr. H. H. Sherk, Miss Mary Cole,

W. Browning, Miss E. S. Reid,

Conway Campbell -Johnston, Miss Peck,

Henry F. Pratt, Miss Fannie Shoemaker,

Miss Susan Carter.

Honorary members: J. DeBarth Shorb, Jr., Arturo Bandini, Count
Von Schmidt. The first officers were : Barnum, president ; Holder, vice-
president ; Mrs. Wotkyns, secretary ; Mr. Buell, treasurer. Masters of
Hounds : Dr. Hall, Messrs. Browning, Vandevort and Campbell-Johnson.
The club color is "Red." The objects set forth are: "The hunting of
the jack rabbit, fox, and other wild game, with horse and hound ; the en-
couragement of horseback riding ;" etc. This club made itself historic in
a large sense by getting up and managing for several years a great New
Year pageant and festival called the "Tournament of Roses," which has

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY. 525

thereby become established as Pasadena's most characteristic annual festivity.
The association owns its Club House property at the head of Colorado
court, estimated worth $6,000. Article I of Constitution limits the active
membership to 100 (admission fee $10) ; and in 1894-95 the roll was full,
besides applications awaiting vacancies.

At a meeting on November 18, 1892, articles of incorporation were
adopted and the following board of directors chosen : F. C. Bolt, C. D.
Daggett, W. ly. Wotkyns, E. H. May, F. F. Rowland. And on the 23d
they were sworn into office by Notary Public W. R. Staats. The principal
officers in 1895 were: C. D. Daggett, president; ly. C. Torrance, vice-
president ; N. W. Bell, secretary ; W. R. Staats, treasurer ; and these, with
Wm. Stanton added, are the board of directors.

Company "B," of N. G. C. — The Pasade?ia Standard oi December 28,
1889, said :

"The Pasadena company for the California National Guards was
mustered in last Monday evening [December 23], with 66 members. The
officers elected were : For Captain, Lawrence Buckle}^ 12 years lieutenant
and drill master in the New York 7th regiment ; for ist Lieutenant, A. L.
Hamilton, principal of the Garfield school ; for 2d Lieutenant, James H.
Cambell, city clerk. They will be known as Company B, 7th regiment.
The State allows them $1,200 a year for hall rent, and this ought to secure
an Armory Hall in good style."

Capt. Buckley resigned October 30, 1890, and on December i, 1890, A.
L. Hamilton was elected Captain; Jas. H. Cambell, ist Lieut.; N. S. Bang-
ham, 2d Lieut. In September, 1891, Capt. Hamilton and ist Lieut. Cambell
resigned, and on October 5, 1891, N. S. Bangham was elected Captain; V.
R. Sutliff, ist Lieut.; and P. J. Cook, 2d Lieut. May 20, 1893, Capt.
Bangham resigned ; and Lieut. Cook was elected Captain ; Corporal Frank
J. McGowan promoted ist Lieut.; and Corporal R. CoUingwood, Jr., 2d
Lieut. — all to rank from December 11, 1893. January 24, 1895, Capt.
Cook and Lieut. McGowan resigned ; and N. S. Bangham was again called
to the captaincy ; CoUingwood was promoted to ist Lieutenant, and Q. M.
Sergeant Chas. H. Cole was made 2d Lieutenant — all to date from Febru-
ary 18, 1895.

The company celebrated its second anniversary, December 23, 1891, at
the Painter hotel, in full dress uniform and accompanied by ladies. Capt.
Bangham was in command, and had as guests Col. Schreiber of the 7th
regiment, and Lieut. -Col. Howland, from Los Angeles. Its third anni-
versary was held in its own Armory hall in the Morgan block, over post-
office, on Raymond Avenue, December 23, 1892. A report made at this
time gave the public parades in which the company had taken part, as
follows :

February 12, 1890, at the laying of the corner stone for Whittier Reform
School, with 50 men.

526 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

March 12, 1890, at Cross railway celebration, Pasadena, with 54 men.

May 30, 1890, at Memorial Day parade as escort to the G. A. R. in
both Pasadena and Los Angeles, with 48 men.

July 4, 1890, at both Pasadena and lyOS Angeles, with 46 men.

September 9, 1890, at 'Admission Day celebration, Pasadena, with 53
men.

April 22, 1891, as escort to President Harrison, in Los Angeles, with
35 men.

July 4, 189 1, in lyos Angeles, with 35 men.

July 4, 1892, in Pasadena, with 45 men.

October 21, 1892, at Columbian celebration in Pasadena, with 42 men.

At the company's fifth anniversary only four of its original members
had been on the roll continuously from the first — to-wit : Ed. C. Clapp, C.
H. Cole, Frank L,. Heiss, and J. G. Rossiter. Two others, Collingwood
and Willis, had been out awhile, then returned.

Pickwick Club. — This was designed for a social, literary, dramatic,
and other pastime assemblage of a select circle, its original projectors being
J. M. Shawhan, W. L. Vail, W. J. Craig, F. J. Policy, B. W. Bates, C. W.
Bell, and others. The first meetings were held in the "kitchen" room
connected with the three halls in Williams Hall block. But the club was
finally organized in the old Central School building, on Raymond Avenue,
in 1887, with about 100 first members. Its first officers were: Byron W.
Bates, president (he was then cashier of the S. G. V. Bank); J. M. Shaw-
han, secretary and treasurer. When the south half of Hotel Green was
first built (then called the "Webster"), a suite of rooms were specially
planned there for this club, including a large dance hall and assembly room,
with stage and dramatic fixtures, — all fitted and furnished in most elegant
style — a regular society "boom," in keeping with the real estate boom.
The club had its full share of ups and downs, ins and outs, trials and
tribulations, but still continues to exist, the officers in 1895 being: C. B.
Thomas, president ; Hon. C. M. Simpson, vice-president ; L. J. Huff, secre-
tary and treasurer. This club once entertained a son of Charles Dickens,
the great English novelist, from whose "Pickwick Papers" the club took
its name. They also entertained Thomas Nast, the famous cartoon artist oi
Harper's Weekly. These were, perhaps, the most notable historic incidents
in the club's record thus far.

Pasadena Athletic Club, was organized in August, 1890, as an
offshoot from the Pickwick Club, its chief promoters being H. R. Hertel,
F. Martin Summers, C. W. Bell, F. J. Policy, and a few others. Mr. Sum-
mers was the first president ; and at the end of his first term [he was re-
elected] he reported the receipts as nearly $1,000 — all debts and expenses of
the club paid — and a balance of $65 in the treasury. The club had leased
and fitted up a gymnasium and social rooms in the old Central school build-
ing on Raymond Avenue. Then in November, 1891, they leased ground

DIVISION SEVEN — SOCIETARY, 527

between Fair Oaks and Raymond Avenues below Vineyard street, had an
oval one-sixth of a mile track graded, tiers of seats erected, etc., to exhibit
sporting events. And on December 24 following, they gave a great Field
Day of athletic sports for which 48 entries were enrolled for the different
events ; and the following gentlemen served, according to printed program,
as officers of the day : Starter, H. R. Hertel ; referee, F. Martin Summers;
clerk of the course, C. W. Bell ; field judges, B. O. Kendall, H. E. Pratt
and P.. W. B. Walker ; timers, C. S. Martin, J. W. Wood and H. H. Rose ;
finish judges, Cal. Hartwell, C. I.. Miller and F. J. Polley ; official scorer,
J. G. Rossiter ; official announcer, Geo. Frost ; marshal, Geo. Greeley. On
August 23, 1893, occurred the great celebration on the completion of the
Electric railroad up Echo mountain, and known as " Prof Lowe -Day," this
club gave a series of athletic events as part of the day's festivities.

In 1894 Thomas Banbury bought the old school building and moved it
away. The club found no other quarters to suit their case ; and now, in
1895, it is in a state of languishing desuetude.

Crown City Cycle Club. — Meetings to talk the matter over were
held at Braley's Bicycle Emporium rooms on Raymond Avenue ; and the
club was organized there on July 25, 1894, with the following roll of
members : Chas. C. Glass, E. W. Flint ; E. R. Braley, J. S. Evans, S. E.
Downey, R. V. Dey, W. H. Stewart, A. F. Canfield, A. h- Ryder, R. H.
Hargreaves, L. Freeman, E. D. G. Campbell, R. H. Gaylord, C. A. John-
ston, Ed. Gamble, W. B. Willis, A. G. Stevens, W. T. Stevens. W. Searaons,
F. H. Smith, N. White, Harry Myers, C. H. Hillard, Wm. Crowell, Geo.
Dell, Thomas Ralphs. The first officers were : Glass, president ; Braley,
vice-president ; Flint, secretary ; Gaylord, treasurer. The club colors are
orange and green. This club's by-laws declare that no intoxicating liquors
nor gambling of any sort shall be allowed in the club rooms ; and no runs
shall be made by or in the name of the club on Sundays. There were 45
members in March, 1895. C. Hewitt, secretary. In July they leased 12
acres of land on Lincoln Avenue and Hammond street, and made a one-
third mile cycling track there ; and at same time the S^ar said : ' ' Pasadena
has fourteen bicycle dealers, representing twenty-two different wheels."

528 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

DIVISION EIGHT— SCIENCE.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

Prehistoric Man in Pasadena. — The Glacial Period of Geology . — The ancient town-
site on Reservoir Hill. — Human relics as ancient as those of Table Mountain in
Calaveras county. — Descriptive list of stone implements found. — Prof. Holder's
letter.

PREHISTORIC MAN IN PASADENA.

In order that the reader who is not specially versed in geology may
have some fair idea of the real force and import of the facts which show
that man dwelt in Pasadenaland many thousands of years ago, I must first
present extracts from the latest and highest scientific authority on man's ex-
istence on the Pacific coast prior to or during the era known in geology as
the Glacial period, which was the closing or breaking-up time of the Ter-
tiary age. [See Geological Chart, Chapter 29.] The International Scien-
tific Series, published by D. Appleton & Co. of New York, is reckoned as
first-rank authority in the scientific world. No. 69 of this series treated of
"Man and tpie Glacial Period," was published in 1892, and was writ-
ten by Geo. Frederick Wright, D. D., LL- D., F. G. S. A., professor in
Oberlin Theological Seminary; Asst. on U. S. Geological Survey ; author of
" The Ice Age in North America," etc., etc., etc. He is therefore perfectly
competent to give us the latest results of scientific research in his chosen
field. And from his work on "Man," etc., published in 1892, I quote :

" Most interesting evidence concerning the antiquity of man in Amer-
ica, and his relation to the Glacial period, has come from the Pacific coast.
* * These reports did not attract much scientific attention until they
came to relate to the grav^el deposits found deeply buried beneath a flow
of lava locally known as the Sonora or Tuolumne Table Mountain. This
lava issued from a vent near the summit of the mountain range, and flowed
down the valley of the Stanislaus river for a distance of fifty or sixty miles,
burying everything in the valley beneath it, and compelling the river
to seek another channel. * * * It was under this mountain of lava
that the numerous implements and remains of man occurred which were re-
ported to Prof. J. D. Whitney when he-was conducting the geological sur-
vey of California, between i860 and 1870. * * ^ Interest reached a still
higher pitch when, in 1866, an entire human skull, with some other human
bones was reported to have been discovered under this same lava deposit, a
few miles from Sonora, at Altaville, in Calaveras county, and hence known
as the ' Calaveras skull. ' * * * >k Xhe forms of animal and vegetable
life with which the remains of man under Table Mountain are associated
are indeed to a considerable extent species now extinct in California, and
some of them no longer exist anywhere in the world. •* * ^i^ 'phe con-
nection of these lava-flows on the Pacific coast with the Glacial period is un-
questionably close. For some reason which we do not fully understand, the
vast accumulation of ice in North America during the Glacial period is cor-
related with enormous eruptions of lava west of the Rocky Mountains, and,

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 529

in connection with these events, there took place on the Pacific coast an al-
most entire change in the plants and animals occupying the region.' '*

The above extracts are taken from pages 294 to 301, omitting every-
thing but what seemed to have some bearing on our Pasadena case. For
account of glacial marks on granite rocks at Devil's Gate, and other evi-
dences of glacier work hereabouts, see chapter 29, on Geology.

OUR ANCIENT TOWNSITE.

The San Gabriel Orange Grove Association was organized December 23^
1873. One of their first necessities was to secure a water supply both for
domestic use and for irrigation purposes. Their highest point of land was
at the iiorth end of the street they had laid out as Orange Grove Avenue,
between it and the brow of the great Arroyo Seco chasm, and here they de-
cided to build a colony reservoir. The site had long been used for a sheep
corral, because of the land sloping away in every direction and thus giving
the shepherds and their dogs an advantage in detecting the approach by day
or night of bears, coyotes, mountain lions, foxes, wild cats, or other animals
that prey upon sheep or lambs ; and also because of the bountiful springs at
the foot of the great bluff, where the pumping works are now located. The
ground was covered several inches deep with sheep manure, which was scraped
off and hauled away to fertilize young trees or growing crops. This left ex-
posed the original unbroken surface of the ground which had never before
felt the upturning stroke of plow or pick. This top was composed of moun-
tain-debris soil just like the surface at lower points all around. The exca-
vation was commenced, with no thought of anything unusual in the situ-
ation. However, when the work had progressed to a depth of about four
feet below that unbroken surface the plows and picks began to turn up
specimens of stones that had been wrought and fashioned by man for his
own special uses. These relics were so abundant that they attracted a good
deal of interest and curiosity at the time, and many persons carried away
specimens to keep as curios. As nearly as I can learn, over a hundred
specimens were carried away at that time, and quite as many more have
been taken since. Yet in all this time, being now over twenty years, it has
been regarded as simply an old Indian village site, such as are found in
many places all over California, New Mexico, Arizona, etc.; and that the
stone implements found here had no greater historic interest or significance
than those found in hundreds of other places. But a very different and
more far.-reaching view of the matter was first publicly announced by Dr.
Reid at a meeting of the Pasadena Fortnightly Club, February 27, 1894,
Archaeology and Geology being the topics of the evening, under auspices of

*See Geology of Cal., Vol. 1— J. D. Whitney, state geologist (published by the state. Printed at
Phi'adelphia —1805), page* 250 to 253. The fossils were experied by such eminent authorities as Prcf=. S.
Newberry and Joseph Leidy.

34

530 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

the Science Section of the Club — Prof. A. J. McClatchie of Throop Insti-
tute, chairman of the section.

PRIME ELEMENTS OF THE ANCIENT TOWNSITE PROBLEM.

1 . This site was on the highest point or body of land anywhere in the
vicinity. The land sloped from it in every directio7i.

2. The surface was composed of materials conveyed down from the
mountains and canyons, just the same as the surface soil for miles around.

3. The surface had never before been plowed or dug up or filled in by
man ; it was just as nature had originally piled it there.

4. The stone-age relics were found mostly about four feet below the
natural surface of the ground, or varying from three and one-half to five
feet. The following witnesses to this fact are still living : A, O. Bristol,
John W. Wilson, Henry G. Bennett, J. H. Baker, Chas. H. Watts, Col. J.
Banbury, Hon. P. M. Green, Thomas Croft, W. T. Clapp, B. S. Eaton.

5. No fragments of pottery were found. These pre-Pasadenians had
not yet acquired the art of making pottery.

6. No worked flint was found. They had not yet acquired the art of
working flint, or using arrow heads or spear heads.

7. No grooved stone axes or hammers were found. These people had
not yet discovered that method of attaching a stone weapon or tool to a
wooden handle.

8. No specimens have been found with dish-depth sufiicient to warrant
their being called "mortars." These people had not yet reached that degree
of stone -working skill. No real "pestles" were found — only "mealing
stones. ' '

9. No indications were found that they knew the use of fire : no bits
of charcoal or burnt wood ; no burnt clay or sand ; no stones that showed
the action of fire upon them — all of which are usually found at any ancient
townsite within the historic period.

10. The specimens found are true paleoliths, or early stone-age relics.

1 1 . How came they there, and when ?

I now address myself to solving this deep and interesting problem.

The first four points noted above really belong together, as part of one
general and controlling fact, which is, that the relics were buried four or
more feet deep by natural causes, even though they were on the highest
point of land in the vicinity. They must have been originally covered
much deeper, for the hill had been subject to the natural washing down by
rains for centuries, or ever since it was segregated from the west hills by
the commencement of the present arroyo gulf If they had lain anywhere
on a slope, having higher land connected even in one direction, the washing
down of soil over them would have been a commonplace affair ; but the
conditions in this case are so different as to have required some great and
unusual turmoil of nature to produce them. And we must appeal to geology
for the explanation.

The contour of the land, and the general conditions of bed-rock at cer-

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 53 1

tain points, and transported deposits still in place hereabouts, besides the
evidences of ancient deposits again washed away and leaving cobblestone
walls of great height, all conspire to show that at the time our ancient
townsite was occupied, the lyinda Vista hills did not terminate with " Jumbo
Knob" as they do now, but extended across the arroyo to Reservoir hill,
that being its eastern end, and no great arroyo gulf there at all. The lyinda
Vista lands and the corresponding body of level land on the east side were
then continuous clear across and formed the bottom of a terrace lake, with our
stone-age village at its lower end ; and its overflow waters swept out over
and down the floodplain between the ridges of Orange Grove Avenue and
Marengo Avenue, or at an earlier period, beyond Marengo Avenue south-
eastward,, the land being higher than now all across from reservoir
hill to Summit Avenue. At Devil's Gate there was another barrier ledge,
the Verdugo hills extending across probably as far east as Monks Hill, and
thus making another terrace lake in the Arroyo Seco and La Canyada above
this great natural dam. The line of bluffs or barrier ledge from Columbia
Hill eastward, taking in Grace Hill, Raymond Hill, Oak Knoll, etc., held
another terrace lake where the lower part of Pasadena city is now situated.
And the Lincoln Park Hills which now terminate with Gibraltar butte, where
the Santa Fe R. R. crosses the Arroyo, was then joined continuously with the
hills extending westward below Highland Park, thus making another great
lake where South Pasadena and Garvanza are now located.* This was
prior to or during the glacial epoch of geology, or the great ice age of
North America, which did not extend in its full rigor as far south as Pasa-
dena, but yet the climatic conditions produced by it in the Sierra Nevada
mountains and north and eastward therefrom did powerfully affect this
region ; and the four terrace lakes then existing within the bounds of Pasa-
denaland were destroyed by the violent meteorological disturbances connected
with the closing of the ice age. These disturbances were also especially
connected with the great lava flow which during that period covered the whole
northern part of Californiaj and large parts of Nevada, Oregon and Idaho
with the molten products of intense and long continued volcanic eruptions.
And now, it will be necessary to again quote some passages from our emi-
nent scientific authority, Prof. Wright, and bring our pre-Pasadenians into
nearer relation with contemporary events at points farther north. He is
both a far-traveled explorer and a learned scientist. His great work on
"The Ice Age of North America " was published in 1889. But in April,

*The South Pasadena plain and the Garvanza plain were continuous clear across, being the level
b-ittom of the lake; and the greit Arroyo gap, with its cobblestone walls or bhifF-i_on each side, is a
valley of erosion, washed out since the lake waters found an outlet through the hills directly south.

t '' The extent of the outflows ofla^a west of the Rocky Mountains is almost beyond comprehension.
Literally, hundreds of thousai ds of square miles have been covered by them to a depi h in many places
of thousands of feet " — /l/flH ntid the Glacial Penod. p. 321, International Scientific .Series No. 69 1S92.
" In the Snake River Valley, Idaho, there are not far from twelve thousand square miles o' teiritcry
covered with a continuous stratum of basaltic lava, extending nearly across the entire diameter of the
State from east to west."— /d. p. 295.

532 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

1 89 1, he contributed to the Atlayitic Monthly an able article on " Prehistoric
Man on the Pacific Coast ; ' ' and from this I quote the following pertinent
passages :

"The changes which have taken place since man became an inhabitant
upon the Pacific coast appear enormous" and "are referred for their origin
to the climatic conditions accompanying the great ice age of North America. ' '
* * "The ice age was one of great precipitation all over North America,
in which the rainfall and snowfall were far larger than at the present time,
and in which evaporation was far less than now."

"At last there came upon the inhabitants of that region, both man and
beast, the added disturbances of the vast volcanic eruptions which have
covered so much of the surface with indestructible basalt ; though we are
not compelled to suppose in California any great direct destruction of plants
and animals by these volcanic outbursts. The extinction of species was due
rather to the general disturbances of the conditions of life brought about by
this new element in the problem. ^ * There can be no question that
these enormous eruptions of basalt are correlated with the equally surprising
facts connected with the glacial period, and, as we have seen, these two
periods were doubtless closely contemporaneous in California."

"The region from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast belongs to
the later geological eras, and has been subject to comparatively later eleva-
tion. The Rocky and Sierra Nevada mountains doubtless mark lines of
present weakness in the earth's crust. It is by elevations along such lines
of weakness that the gradually contracting sphere of the earth gets relief.
Now, during the glacial period an area in North America of about 4,000,000
square miles, extending northward from a line connecting New York and
St. Louis, was covered with ice to an average depth of probably three-quar-
ters of a mile, making, we may suppose, 3,000,000 cubic miles of ice. This
ice represents the excess of the snowfall above the melting power of the
sun over that region, and it was all first lifted up in vapor from the ocean.
To produce a glacial mass of such dimensions, water enough was taken from
the ocean to lower its level, the world over, one hundred feet. Thus we
have the ocean beds relieved from an enormous amount of pressure, and the
same amount concentrated upon the northern and central portions of the
continent. Thus we have a cause which w^ould, by its local pressure alone,
lay open immense fissures along the lines of weakness west of the Rocky
Mountains, and force out of them the liquid streams of lava which have
produced such significant changes upon the Pacific coa.st. ' '

It was in connection with the great climatic disturbances above described
by Prof. Wright that the sub-glacial floods poured down from Millard
canyon, and the upper Arroyo Seco, and the La Canyada valley, bursting
over or through the barrier ledges and previous deposits which held in
place the four terrace lakes before mentioned, within Pasadenaland. Of
course this did not all occurr at once, but the process went on both regularly
and spasmodically for centuries, before the Arroyo Seco was cut down to its
present condition, after some earthquake tremor had started a seam through
the foothills where the lower Arroyo now takes its course. This Arroyo
gorge from La Canyada down is in a geological sense comparatively recent,
and was probably not formed at all until long after our ancient townsite

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 533

had been buried under its covering of "glacial till" formation through
which the Pasadena colonists were digging down for their reservoir basin,
when they found this particular nest of stone relics. And that this Arroyo
channel might easily have been started by an earthquake seam, is proved
by what really did happen in this region in 1857, an account of which I here
quote from the Thompson & West ' ' History of L,os Angeles county ' '
[1880], page 53:

"At about half-past eight o'clock, on the morning of January 9, 1857,
occurred one of the most memorable earthquakes ever experienced in the
southern country. At I^os Angeles the vibration lasted about two minutes,
the motion being from north to south. The Los Angeles river leaped from
its bed, and washed over the adjacent land. A new bed was opened to the
San Gabriel river, which divided its waters, making two streams of what
was before but one. At San Fernando two buildings were thrown down,
and not far away a large stream flowed out from a mountain where hitherto
no water had been ; and a similar phenomenon was observed at Paredes,
thirty-five miles southeast of Los Angeles. In the vicinity of San Fernando
a large fissure opened in the side of a high mountain, from which hot gas
rushed forth, heating the neighboring rocks to such a degree that the hand
could scarcely touch them. But it was in the vicinity of Fort Tejon that
the full force of the shock exhausted itself. Here the ground opened for a
distance of from thirty to forty miles a chasm ten to twenty feet wide, ex-
tending from northwest to southeast, in an almost straight line ; then closed
again, leaving a ridge of pulverized earth several feet high, and in many
places quite impassable. Large trees were broken off like pipe-stems, and
cattle grazing upon the hill-sides rolled down the declivity in helpless fright.
Here the buildings were all injured to such an extent that ofBcers and
soldiers were obliged to live in tents."

The stone-age people who dwelt on our Reservoir Hill were, in my
opinion, of as early date (possibly even earlier) as those whose remains were
found by Prof. Whitney far under the lava beds of Table Mountain, in
Calaveras county. Those Table Mountain proofs of man's existence in
California prior to the lava flow have been under critical discussion in the
scientific world for thirty years past, and their place in archaeology is now
pretty well settled. And from Prof. Wright's article in the Atlantic Monthly
[April, 1 891] I again quote, giving his statement as to the conditions of
vegetable and animal life which then existed :

' ' Primeval man in California found shelter in forests very similar to
those which on the discovery of America by Columbus, covered the whole
eastern part of the continent. The elm, the birch, the willow, the poplar,
the sycamore, the gum tree, the magnolia and the maple spread for him
their protecting branches, while the beech tree, as well as the oak and the
fig, added its fruit to his limited stock of vegetable food,"

" The llama, an ally of the camel, and now confined to South America,
was another companion of man in California at that time." [The rhinoceros,
several species of horse, cow, and deer, and the inevitable wolf were also
here.] "Whether the race of men whose remains are found under Table
Mountain [and at Pasadena] became extinct with the horse, rhinoceros and

534 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

mammoth, or whether it migrated south with the llama, we may never
know."

How long ago did these things occur?

The same authority above quoted, and which is the latest presentation
of facts and opinions commonly accepted in the scientific world with regard
to these matters, sets forth conclusions from which I quote a few brief pas-
'^ages bearing upon the time problem. On page 313 [" Man and the Glacial
Period ' '] the author says :

" It is certainly not more than ten or fifteen thousand years ago that
the ice finally melted off the L,aurentian highlands ; while on the Pacific
coast the period of glaciation was still more recent."

Again, on page 363, he says :

" The climax of the Glacial period represented a condition of things
slowly attained by the changes of level which took place during the latter
part of the Tertiary epoch. It is the theory of Mr. Prestwich and others
that all the phenomena of the Glacial period can be brought within the
limits of thirty or forty thousand years."*

And again, page 364: "One hundred thousand years, therefore, or
even less, might easily include both the slow coming on of the Glacial
period and its rapid close. * * After making all reasonable allowances,
therefore, Prestwich's conclusion that 25,000 years is ample time to allow
to the reign of the ice of the Glacial period cannot be regarded as by any
means incredible. ' '

And yet again, on page 321, speaking of the volcanic eruptions, which
in the north and middle part of the state covered remains of man in the
glacial gravels of Table Mountain, he says :

"These volcanic eruptions are mostly of late date, beginning in the
middle of the Tertiary, and culminating probably about the time of the
maximum extent of the Laurentide glacier."

Another eminent authority in this branch of Science is Prof. Warren
Upham, who read a paper before the Geological Society of America, in De-
cember, 1893 [See American Naturalist ior March, 1894, page264], in which
he says :

"The Glacial period, regarded as continuous, without inter-glacial
epochs attending the culmination of the uplift, but terminating after the
subsidence of the glaciated region, 20,000 to 30,000 years ; and the post-
glacial or recent period, extending to the present time, 6,000 to 10,000 years.
In total the Pleistocene era in North America, therefore, has comprised
probably about 100,000 or 150,000 years, its latest third or fourth part being
the Ice Age and subsequent time."t '

*■• "All the evidence tends to prove that late Glacial, or post-glacial man. together with the extinct
mammalia, came down approximately to within some 10,000 or 12.000 years of our own times." — Prof. Jos-
eph Pyeilwich, F. R. S , F.nsland. See American Naturalist. February. 1894, p. 162.

" From this wide range of concurrent but independent tesLimonies, we may accept it as practically
demonstrated that the ice sheets disappeared Ironi North America and Europe some six to ten thousand
years ago." — Piof. IVarren Upliain, in Popular Science Monthly, December, 1893, p. 161.

t" It would better accord with truth to =ay that sixty thousand years ago the Glacial period was
miking ready to go out of business." After making c rtain (urther explanations, he add-; — "The close
of the Glacial period was oaly thirty thousand years ago." — R. IV. McFarland, in Popular Science
Momlhly of April, 1894, page 841.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 535

It will be seen, therefore, that by the latest and highest scientific au-
thority we are given a range of anywhere from ten thousand to one hundred
thousand years for the period of man's existence on the Pacific coast; and I
think our Pasadena ' ' old settlers, ' ' who ground their food seeds in stone
metates on Reservoir Hill, were about as ancient as any whose remains have
yet been found under conditions to well authenticate their remote antiquity.
And the great number of specimens found here, besides the much worn con-
dition of many of them, show that the place was occupied as a village for a
long period. Some Indians within the past fifty years have used metates
and mealing stones very similar to those found here, and this has been cited
as an ar{jument against me in regard to the great antiquity of these remains.
But this proves nothing; for I, myself, in October, 1894, saw a Spanish
woman in her own kitchen preparing food for her own family with a metate
and mealing stone just like some that I have gathered from Reservoir Hill.
It served the purpose alike in either case, to pulverize edible seeds, or bruise
edible roots and herbs ; but the Spanish woman could have had other and
very difierent implements, while with the primitive woman, those rude, un-
fashioned stones were the only tools known in the world for doing such
work, in her lifetime.

DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF STONE IMPLEMENTS.

Gathered from the Orange Grove Reservoir Hill, where they had been
buried four to five fieet deep by natural causes, on the highest point of ground
in the vicinity, with the land sloping from it in every direction.

A. K. McQuilling's collection : One small sized flat oblong metate.
[Pronounced me-tah-ty ; used as the bottom stone for making meal from
dried acorns and various small seeds.] Material, grayish syenite ; 9^ in.
long, 7 in, wide, 2^ in. thick.

One typical mealing stone, for rubbing or grinding acorns, etc., into
meal on a metate ; oblong-flat, artistically shaped, coarse bluish-pinkish
syenite — both flat sides well worn ; 4^ in. long, 3^ in. wide, 1^8 in. thick.

One convexoid mealing stone, of fine grained bluish syenite ; both
sides worn; 3 in. in diam., i^ in. thick.

One oval-oblong rubbing stone, of bluish-pinkish syenite ; 4^ in. long;
two sides worn.

One oblong-triangular rubbing stone, two facets worn flat and one
rounded; material, bluish syenite; 5^ in. long.

One narrow oblong-roundish rubbing stone, of bluish-grayish syenite ;
two sides worn ; 4^ in. long.

One roller stone, of grayish syenite ; worn smooth all around; 5^ in.
long, 3 in. diam. [Used for mashing food substances by rolling over them
on a flat metate].

One 14-toothed cog-wheel stone, of brownish granite ; sides flat ; cogs
uniform, and pretty well made, the creases or indentations being about 3-16
in. deep. The wheel is 3 in. in diam. and i in. thick.*

*I have a stone of same size, shape and material, but with 12 cogs instead of 14, which was found in
Puddingstone creek near San Dimas station on the Santa Fe railroad, 25 miles east of Pasadena.
— [H. A. Reid.

536 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Another cog-wheel, of close-grained brown ferruginous grit rock ; same
size as the first, but having only 9 cogs, and they more irregular in size and
imperfectly made. A segment with four cogs is broken away. The creases
are small and shallow, and some of them run aslant. A rude, unskilled
effort at wheel making. [The purpose of these peculiar wheels is not well
established. They have been called by different names, as sun wheel, rose
wheel, cog wheel, corrugated disc, radiate stone, gaming stone, etc. My
own theory is this : The sun was the deity or day-god to all primitive
tribes of mankind, and these radiate stones were a rude attempt to make an
emblem or symbol of the sun. And after this they would readily fall into
use for gaming purposes or " lucky stones " or " chaims," and come to be
greatly prized.]

Mr. McQuilling had also found there two irregular small fragments of
unworked impure flint, but no flint chips, or arrowheads, or anything to in-
dicate any use made of flint by these people. Besides this, he found about
a half-ounce fragment of yellow ochre.

List of specimens found by J. W. Sedwick, city engineer, while re-ex-
cavating, embanking and cementing work was in progress there in 1891-92 :

One flattened and two ovoid hand-stones for grinding on a metate.
Material, syenite.

One double-surface rounded-sides mealing stone, of gray syenite ; 4^
in. long, 2^ in. wide, and yS/i in. circumference. Weight about i}{ lbs.,
and much worn.

One ovo-oblong rubbing stone, of white feldspar, smooth polished ; 3^
in. long, 5^ inches around midway, and 9^ in, around lengthwise.

One spheroidal rubbing stone of bluish syenite, about one pound
weight, and varying from S'/s. to 9)^ in. in circumference. Artificial wear
only in one place. This was a naturally rounded pebble or small cobble-
stone which they had utilized.

Found by Master Clifford Wood (1892), a neatly -shaped, small, semi-
oval, shallow-dished metate, of grayish syenite ; 5^ in. diam. at bilge, 3}^
in. diam. of dish rim, and 3^ in. thick from bottom of dish to base of the
stone. This was probably used to grind ochre for face paint.

T/te Throop Museum Collection.

(Authenticated specimens procured by Dr. Reid specially for permanent deposit in the Throop Museum.)

One discoidal stone of coarse-grained syenite; 5)^ in. diam., 2^ in.
thick. The form is well wrought out, although no part of the disk is worn
or polished — hence it was not used for a rubbing stone or a grinder. Its
most probable use was for some kind of game or pastime by rolling it on the
ground. This specimen was found in 1874, and donated by Col. Jabez Ban-
bury.

One six-toothed cog-wheel or sun-stone (?) of fine-grained greenish
porphyritic clinkstone; 4 in. diam., i^ in. thick. Indentations i^ in.
across outer opening, and )^ in. deep. Found by Wm. Davy while repair-
ing a leak in the reservoir in 1888, and donated. [For further account of
this class of wheels, see under " McQuilling collection," above.]

One large shallow-dished metate, of coarse-grained gray syenite — a
fine specimen ; 21 in. long, 14 in. wide, 36 in. girth, 49 in. around length-
wise, and 50 or 60 pounds weight. Found and donated by John Showalter.
[This specimen was plowed up several rods down the eastern slope of Reser-
voir Hill, two feet below the surface, while grading Vernon Avenue near

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 537

Mary street in January, 1894 '> ^^^ after due consideration of all the facts
pertaining to it, I do not hesitate to place it as belonging with those of the
hill top. But many other specimens of stone implements have been plowed
or dug up in various parts of Pasadena which are of recent or doubtful date,
and I have not included any such in this list of prehistoric palaeoliths.]

One ovo-oblong metate of gray syenite, 16 in. long, 10 in. wide, 5 in.
thick, with dish part worn 3^ in. deep. Found and donated by Thomas
Banbury.

One heavy-weight ovoid slung-shot, of porphyritic syenite — 6}( in.
long, 2)/i in- wide, 3^ in. thick; 12^ in. around the bilge. Found and
donated by Thos. Banbur3^

Onf fine-grained, flat metate, gx 12 in. area, and 3 in. thick. Found
and donated by Dr. H. A. Reid.

One nearly triangular shaped, deep-dished metate, of coarse-grained,
grayish syenite, medium size, and dish worn down to 3 in. depth at center.
Found and donated by Thomas H. Wardlaw.

One well shaped, double-flat-surfaced, oval mealing stone — coarse-
grained and well worn. Found and donated by Dr. Eachel F. Reid.

Fragment of child's metate, and two imperfectly ovoid, coarse-grained,
heavy club-loaders or slung-shot stones. These, for use, were hung in a
band of some tough sort of animal skin or vegetable fibre,* then drawn
snug against the butt end of a club, the end parts of the band being laid
along lengthwise on each side of the club or handle, and wrapped there
with strong fibres. The ends of the stone would protrude beyond the edges
of its bilge-band ; and being securely fastened to the handle, it made a
powerful weapon with which to break the skull of man or beast at close
quarters, t Found and donated by Mrs. Reid. [These reservoir-hill people
were so primitive that they had not yet learned to use bow and arrows,
spears or lances, for no flint or other stone heads for such weapons have
been found among their remains. A few have been found in other parts of
Pasadenaland, but they were on or near the surface, and of recent age.]

Two worn fragments of grit stone or schist, used as a scouring stone for
smoothing club handles or any implements of wood ; for this it served equal
to both rasp and sand-paper. Found and donated by Dr. Reid.

One well worn, coarse-grained metate, of bluish syenite, 15 in. long, 10
in. wide, 3 in. thick, with dish worn 2}( in. deep. Found by W. T. Clapp
while grading for the reservoir, in February, 1874, and now, after twenty
years, donated by him for this Throop collection.

One double-flat-faced ovo-oblong mealing stone, 4 in. long, 3>^ in.
' wide — of bluish syenite. Found by Chas. H. Cole and donated.

One face-paint dish, nearly round, 5^ in. in diameter, 2 in. thick,
dished ^4 i"- deep. Found by C. H. Cole while assisting City Engineer
Sedwick during the re- excavation and cementing of east half of the reser-

*A shrubby plant called Indian hemp, or wild hemp [the Apocynum ranabi'num of botany], fur-
nished from its bark strips of strong, tough, thong-like fibres or cords suitable for this and many other
uses. It is found growing hereabouts yet.

tSome modern savage tribes still use the club-loader or slung-shot weapon, some of th^m being
skilled enough to make a crease around the middle of the stone for convenience of attachment, but our
Pasad'uian " ancients " had not reached that degree of skill yet. Of this class of weapons, the Stand-
ard Dictionary says : " Pogamog:^an — A war club consisting essentially of a stone secured to the end of
an elastic wooden handle, ordinarily strengthened by a covering of twisted rawhide; a casse-tete ; a
skull-cracker ; used by the Indians of the Plains."

538 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

voir in 1891-92, and donated by him. This specimen is of rare interest,
being made from a reddish volcanic rock [volcanic tufa] such as I have not
seen in situ anywhere nearer than the bed of the creek below Puddingstone
Falls, near San Dimas station on the Santa Fe railroad, 25 miles east of
Pasadena. But this kind of rock is said to be found up the San Gabriel
canyon.

One small ovoid paint pulverizer, 2 in. long, i^ in. wide, \yi in. thick —
nearly the size and shape of a hen's ^%%. It is of white feldspar, with
appearance of being indelibly tinted wdth yellow and red ochres, for the
grinding of which it had been used — mayhap in the very dish found by
Mr. Cole — to mix face paint. This interesting ovoid was found and donated
by Dr. Reid.

One turtle-shaped mealing stone, worn nearly flat on its grinding face,
but with a neat turtle-back upper surface, little worn. It is of bluish
syenite, 4% in. long, 3^ in. wide, \yi in. thick. Found and donated by
Dr. Reid.

Fragment of unshaped, unworked white flint, i^ in. long, ^ in.
wide, yk in. thick. Some of its fracture edges may have been used as a rude
sort of knife, or scarifier. Found by Dr. Reid. [Not true flint.]

The foregoing lists are sufficient to show the type and character of these
relics. Their great antiquity has been questioned, because implements that
"look just like them " are found in many places in California, and are even
in use by some Indian tribes yet. To this I answer broadly : No stone-age
village site has been found elsewhere, buried under conditions which could
only be explained by —

ist. A consideration of the general facts known as to primitive man's
existence on the Pacific coast prior to and during the glacial epoch of
geology.

2d. A consideration of the topography and natural conditions of the
place where these typical relics were first found, excluded from any admixture
of specimens of later date.

3d. A consideration of the changes of ancient land and water areas,
drainage, etc., traceable in this vicinity, which would account for these relics
being buried on top of the highest point of land, as found.

4th. A consideration of the geological and meteorological transitions or
changes of climate [and of the fauna and flora of the region] connected with
the glacial epoch, which would naturally produce the local changes of land
and water areas referred to.

My conclusions as to the geological period of Pasadena's ancient town-
site on Reservoir Hill are based upon a careful study of the above four
fundamental considerations, and their natural correlation with each other.
The following portions of a letter from Prof. C. F. Holder, dated July 11,
1894, present some points of interest and historic value. He says :

" I have located a number of camp sites, from South Pasadena all along
up the Arroyo. There was a site at Johnson's ranch ; one at Mr. Nelms's
or below Locke's; another where the shooting club meets; one at the
reservoir ; one at lyinda Vista ; again, at the springs nearly opposite ;
again, at the mouth of the Arroyo Seco ; and a very large camp at Giddings's

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 539

ranch ; another was just east of the Raymond ; another a mile to the east.
At all these places except one I found specimens, and at all of them the
mortars [metates] were from one to three or four feet down. [?] When they
went on a journey these people buried their stone utensils; others were
buried with their dead. It had not occurred to me that the reservoir site
was different from the others. My finds there, as I remember them,
resembled other finds ; and my idea was, that while they might be many
hundred years old, they were probably in use during the last one hundred
and fifty or two hundred years. The granite out of which many of them
were made disintegrates very rapidly. One found at Linda Vista fell in
pieces when I picked it up. I am glad some scientist is investigating these
things and collecting them, as they are passing away."

In regard to the Indian village sites, their burial customs, etc., see
chapter i. For further particulars about glacier action within Pasadena-
land, see parts of chapters 29 and 30. About Indian graves, and how their
stone implements happen to be buried, see page 31, 32.

CHAPTER XXIX.

Geology. — What Geological Age? — Kinds of Rocks. — How these Mountains were
made. — The Gold Vein. — Other Mineral Formations. — The Oil Question. — Glacier
work in Pasadenaland. — Glacial enamelings at Devil's Gate. — " Glacial till." —
Terminal moraines. — Lateral moraines. — Boulder clay.

GEOLOGY.
■ Prof. J. D. Whitney was State Geologist of California from i860 to 1870;
and in Geol. of Cal., Vol. i, preface, he states that up to June 30, 1866, the
legislature had appropriated a total of $95,600 for his work. But the work
had to be finally abandoned, less than half done, for want of funds. And
of what was done, South California received only a few pitiful crumbs that
fell from the north section's table.* And of these crumbs Pasadenaland got
her little share ; for Mrs. Shorb remembers that Prof. Whitney's party had
their camp a few weeks early in 1861, only a few rods east from where Hon.
J. DeBarth Shorb 's fine residence, "San Marino," now stands, at the south
end of Shorb Avenue. I have gleaned from Prof. Whitney's published re-
port a few points which almost touch Pasadena. He says :

' ' The principal group of mountains included in the portion of the coast
ranges now under consideration are, the Sierra Santa Monica, the San Gab-
riel, the Temescal, and the Santa Ana ranges. These will be taken up in
this order, and the result of our very hasty examinations iri this region
given.' ^

*" Scientifically considered Southern California is almost a terra incognita. Of the geological for-
mation of our part of the Slate we know but little. There has been but little done towards classifying
the r.icks of our hills and mountains, or analyzing the soil 01 our valleys. Its mineralogy, too, has been
neglected although gold was discovered and succes fully mined in the canyons ol the Sierra Madres
forty years before Marshall found nuggets in the mill-race at Q.o\omaL."—Jnaugural address 0/ president oj
Sou. Cal. Historical Society ,iS:^.

540 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

It will be noticed that he ignored the old established name "Sierra
Madre," and called our local range the San Gabriel Mountains, of which he
says further :

" The San Gabriel range, as we denominate it, is a vast mass of moun-
tains extending from the Cajon pass on the east, and joining with the Santa
Monica and Santa Susanna ranges on the west. It is fully 60 miles long,
and from 20 to 25 miles broad from north to south. * * San Gabriel is
the designation of the principal canyon by which the chain is traversed,
and of the only stream of any size which heads in it."

He gives some account of the range east of the San Gabriel river, but
nothing wedt of it, except to mention incidentally that a little gold washing
was carried on near the entrance of Santa Anita canyon or its outwash into
the San Gabriel river. Further on he says again :

" In the vicinity of lyOS Angeles the rocks exposed are chiefly argilla-
ceous, shaly sandstones, with dark colored shales interstratified ; these
rocks are highly bituminous, and have generally a southerly dip. In the
Arroyo Seco, which comes into the Los Angeles river from the northeast,
these strata are well displayed . ' '

The above extracts show the nearest nips of geological investigation
which Pasadena and her contiguous mountains have ever received from any
ofiicial source, so far as I have been able to learn. But in 1883, by the
kindness of Prof. Lowe, I was enabled to spend nearly three months in the
Mount Lowe section of our local mountains ; and two years before this I
had spent six weeks in the Mount Wilson section and in traversing the
West San Gabriel and the Arroyo Seco canyons. From data gathered in
these and other previous researches in Pasadenaland, I prepared a Geologi-
cal Report, and read it before the Science Association of Southern California
in Los Angeles, at its meeting in January, 1894; and from that report I here
make some extracts :

WHAT GEOLOGICAL AGE.

' ' Our accredited authorities all agree that the Pacific coast mountains
of California belong to the Tertiary Age, which means that in a geological
sense they are of comparatively recent origin. The Tertiary Age was the
first period in geological time, when the earth had become fitted to sustain
such higher types of both vegetable and animal kind as hold place today.
In the Zoic calendar of creation it is known also as the "Age of Mammals,"
evolved out of the "Age of Reptiles " next below, and in turn evolving the
"Age of Man " next above, or the geological age in which we are now liv-
ing, and in our turn evolving the "Age of Angels" or spiritual beings.
[See chart, page 541.]*

*This full page plate is from the Revie-M of Science, Vol. V., No. 3, iSSi ; Kansas City, Mo. There
were three others, the " Mosaic Calendar," the "Psychic Calendar," and the "Synoptic Calendar of
Creation," showing the steps and stages of creational progress on four different lines of inquiry, under
the law of evolution — all prepared by Dr. Reid to illustrate topical addresses before the State Academy
of Sciences at Des Moines, Iowa, and public lectures thereafter at various places in Iowa, Minnesota,
Nebraska and Missouri.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE.

541

GE;0X.0GIC AL, CHARX;

Including the Rock Scale of Geologicjil Periods and the "Zoic Calendar of Creation." Compiled
from the works of Agassiz, Lyell, Huxley, Hteokcl, Dana, LaConte, an'l other first rank authorities is
Science at the present time. ByH. A.Reid, a.m.,m.d, Secretary State Academy of Sciences at Des Moines,
Iowa. [Published by permission of the Author.]

Explanation. — The side line
at Hie left shows what portions of
theological time are comprehended
fn the terms *'eozoic," " paleo-
zoic," etc. The first column
shows the periods or "A<:es" of
geological time during which the
different successive types of ani-
mal life predominated, or were the
highest types then in existence.
And these- owo divisions form the
"Zoic Calendar of Creation."

The second column shows the
great general groupings of rock
strata,in which are found the fossil
remains of the corresponding ani-
mal types named in the first col-
umn. But. at the "Age of Rep-
tiles" occurs a grand divergement,
for it was during this age that an-
imal life pushed out into its most
wonderful developments; and
there came into existence strange
and marvelous forms of swimmiug
reptiles, four-footed and two-foot-
ed walking reptiles, and two-foot-
ed and four-footed flying reptiles.
Here also the true birds began to
appear, though with reptilian pe-
culiarities; and likewise the mar-
supial animals, which are a tran-
sitional type, between rentiles
that produce their young by laying
eggs and the true mammals, that
bring forth their young well ma-
tured and then suckle them.

The third column shows the les-
ser groupings of rock beds as clas-
sified by our American geologists;
but many minor subdivisions and
local groups are omitted for want
of space. At the top of this col-
umn are shown the geological pe-
riods of first appearunce ol races
of man, so far as now auihentica-
ted by competent scientific au-
thorities.*

The fourth column shows the
number of feet in thickness of the
difi"erent groups of rock layers as
indicated by the braces.

This Chart is the most compre-
hensive and thorough iu its de-
tails, and yet the most systemati-
cally and graphically presented to
the e)e, of anything in its line
that has ever yet been published.
Here is the whole story of geol-
ogy and the ascent of life con-
densed iuro the space of a few
inches, yet so plainly set forth as
to readily fix itself iu the memory
like an outline map. Scientific
terms in aewspapers and maga-
aines often catch the reader at a
disadvantage; but a reference I0
this chart will at once show the
relative place or period in crea-
tional progress to which the best
authorized geological terms apply.
It reaches, like a Jacob's ladder,
from the lowest inklings to the
highest ideals of life on the earth,
as taught by modem science and
Ihe Christian Bible.

THIS CALENDAR IS TO BK READ FROM THE BOTTOM UPWARD.

AGE OF ANGELS,

ee Psalms 8:5 Luke 20
Mark 12:25 1 Cor.l5:44
Heb.2:2to9 ReT.22:S,9

-(a.g'e of

MAN.

Age of

MAMMALS,

Age OF

Reptiles.

Age of

Amphibians

Age of
FISHES

Recent-

Quaternary.

TERTIARY.

Terrace Epoch.

Champliun Epoch.

GLACIAL EPOCH.

Feet in

thickness
of the
geulogical
groups of
rock form-
ations.

500

Pliofene.

Miocene.

Eocene.

Cretaceous.

J

JURASSIC.

B,000

9,000

800 to
1,000

TRIASSIC.

^3,000 to
I 5,000

Carboniferous

Devonian.

AGE

OF

INYERTEBRATES

Upper Siiman.

Lower Silnriaii.

AGE OF ZOOLITHS

"Thla A^e alone was
probably longer In dura-
tion ihan all subsequent
eeoloffical lime." — Pbof.
LeCONTE.

Primordial Vegeiaiion

Eozoon RocUs..

Graphite Beds.

Coal

L 6,000 to

Measures. 1 I'^-s^o

Sub-Carboniferous, i

9,050 to
14,400

L 6,000 »o
10,000

12,000to
15,000

ilO.OO
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000

Metamorphtc Granitei.

FIRE CRUST.

C"livr''hl l-ilM.-H A.Reid

350,UUll,(iliu Tears ID cooling

QC I down to 200"" F. at the tor-

[Prop. Helmhoi.tz], a

temperature at wbirh Tery

luw forms of vticetation can

exist.

saooo

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HA know*.

i • " The eii«ence of Pliocene man m Tuscans- it. tnen. in rnv opini in. in acuuin^d inentiSc f,%ct.'- — Se« Appietoos' IncerukUona! ScieDtiA*
Seres, Vol. XXVd, p. 151. •' The Miocene man at La Beai:co alraaJj- knew the as« ol tire, and worked flint." — lb. p. 24a. See also. Prof
Winchell'f "Pie-Adac.:te3," pp.42l>-1-». " Tbe baman race m Aicenoa ,« Juown to be at leasiof as ancient a date &» mat of ine Euroina*
Pliocem..'— Prof J. U.Whitney. ShuiU/ vUwt an tsld by lV>f9. Letdv. Marib, Copa, Moru. Wymao, aud ottl«!r scleoH.U of h.jheit repot.

542 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA.

The matter of geological age is determined by the fossils found in these
coast mountains, as compared with those of other mountains or plains that
belong to lower or earlier geological ages. Official observers have reported
such finds in kindred mountain sections both westward and eastward ; and
I have myself gathered specimens from Shell Rock creek, near Goleta in
Santa Barbara county. Arthur B. Stevens of Pasadena, has gathered fossil
shells from his father's plow-land at Chatsworth Park, twenty-five or thirty
miles northwest from Pasadena. Prof. McClatchie of Throop Polytechnic
Institute has found fossil shells in the Puente hills ; and Hon. Delos Arnold
of Pasadena, during the winter of 1 880-81, first discovered fossil fish in the
chalklike hills about four miles south of the city. He has also gathered
fossil shells of over two hundred extinct species of mollusks from the rocks
of Deadman's Island and other points about San Pedro Bay, while there
are not to exceed seventy-five species now living in the same vicinity.*
Some of the species that are found here in the fossil state only, are found
still living in the iceberg waters of Alaska, amid the rigors of a lingering
glacial period. And this fact suggests a time when the climate of Los
Angeles county was perhaps as frosty and frigid as that of Alaska is now.
Such are the far-reaching lessons of geology."

Although no fossils have yet been found, distinctly within Pasadena-
land, the reader will, nevertheless, wish to know what remains of extinct
animals have been found in other sections, of same species as roamed here
during the same geological periods. [See Prof. Holder's "Ancient Animals,"
etc., Chapter 31.] In the annual address of the President of the Los Angeles
County Historical Society, 1888-89, he says :

"We have verified and recorded the discovery of a tusk of large pro-
portions, the fragment found being six feet long and six inches in diameter,
in a well at a depth of thirty feet, some twenty miles east of this city ; also
of the skeleton of a whale on the summit of the Santa Monica mountains."

The Lewis "History Los Angeles County, " 1889, says : " Inasphaltum
or tar springs west of Los Angeles [nine miles] a tooth of the saber-toothed
tiger was found." And remains of the mastodon have been found at
Tejunga, Los Angeles, Puente, and San Juan-by-the-Sea, at depths varying
from five to twenty feet below the surface of the ground.

In Prof. Whitney's "Geology of California : Vol. I," there are many
instances given of remains of extinct animals being found w^hich existed in
California at the same time with the primitive Man, whose remains were
found and amply verified, under the great lava capping of Table Mountain.
I hold that the primitive race of Man whose stone implements were found

♦When Prof. E T. Pierce, who served five years as principal of the schools of Pasadena, was priuci-
pal of the State Normal School at Chiro. the Chico Daily Enictprise of Nov. 21, iSgi, contained this item :
"This morning Principal Pierce received the following letter from Senator Delos Arnold of Pasadena :
' I have this day shipped to your institution two boxes of specimens. One box conta ning about eighty
species and varieties of Quaternary fossils (Post pliocene), from San Pedro. They have all been iden-
tified, and I believe are nearly correct in their names. I thought this collection of recent fossils, start-
ing as it does, at the top of the great and wonderful geological column, twenty miles or more in height,
wculd ,=timulate the inquirer to dig down towards its base, quite as much as one starting from the base
and necessitating workuig up.' " About Nov. 10 the same year Mr. Arnold presented the Throop Poly-
technic Institute with 150 varieties of quaternarv and pliocene fossils found in I.os Angeles county. And
this was a duplicate of a similar collection which he had sent to the National Museum [Smithsonian
Institute] at Washington. [See "Conchology Collection," page 212.]

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 543

imbedded at Reservoir Hill, Pasadena, in February, 1874, was cotemporary
in geological age with the " Man" of Table Mountain, and hence bad the
same animals as co- occupants of the land ; and therefore I give here some
of Prof. Whitney's instances, as pertinent to this History :

Page 102 : Bones of mastodon and horse found in post-pliocene beds
(gravel and boulders of gray sandstone) near Benicia on the Bay of San
Francisco.

Page 232 : Bones of mastodon and elephant found in Tertiary and post-
Tertiary beds in Tuolumne county. At Gold Springs in that county, bones
of mastodon, elephant and horse found in great abundance.

Page 251 : Under lava flow in same county, bones of rhinoceros, an
extinct species of hippopotamus, extinct species of horse, extinct species of
camel resembling Megalomeryx (lycidy), and remains of Mali were found.

Page 252 : Again in same county (post-pliocene beds) along with mas-
todon, etc., were found bones of tapir and bison, and two species of horse —
one of these being identical with the living mustang or Indian pony.
Remains of mastodon and elephant constantly spoken of as being very
abundant ; and rude stone implements of Man found in same formations.

KINDS OF ROCKS.

The rocks of these Pasadena mountains present nearly every variety of
the granitic series ; but no mass or stratum of any of the limestones, sand-
stones, shales, or carboniferous formation. In Rubio canyon there is a bed
of peculiar silverglint rock which has the soap-like feel of steatite, and I
have classed it as micaceous talc — a hydro- mica-schist formation. The
layers of different kinds of granitic rocks are somewhat defined, and some
approach to systemic stratification can be traced. I have identified massive
bodies of porphyry, apparently consisting of a mass mixture of feldspar,
hornblende, and augite or pyroxene, with disseminated crystals of white feld-
spar, and called by miners simply " black spar." Of this structure is the
dark greenish rock wall on the east side of Rubio canyon, where the
Pavilion platform rests on the abrupt mountain slope. Farther up this
canyon there are layers of micaceous granite, quite friable, and steadily de-
composing. Then a layer of syenite, which merges into a stratum of gneiss
at the Hanging CHffs. And beyond that again are lofty, towering masses
comprising thousands of feet of syenite in various degrees of hardness, of
texture, and of color — this being that form of granite which is composed of
quartz and feldspar, combined with hornblende instead of mica : and these
rocks are often interjected with seams, dykes or veins of quartz, or quartz
and feldspar in fused or metamorphic combination. Above this again lies a
bed some hundreds of feet in thickness, of a brown, ferruginous gneissic
rock, with marked schistose peculiarities, (also called quartzite) and coming
the nearest to a real sandstone of any massive body of rock that I found ;
but it seems to be both brecciable and solutive, and its mass readily decom-
poses or fractuates on exposure to air and moisture ; hence it is of no value

544 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

as a building stone. This brown sandstone layer is seen plainly imbedded
around the walls of Echo ampitheater, next below the layer of white feld-
spar mottled sj^enite rocks which form the north rim or crest at summit of
the ampitheater. And this marked contrast between the white syenite
rocks and the brown gneissic layer is traceable all through these mountains.
There are on Mount Wilson and Mount Lowe, and some other points, a lim-
itless supply of beautiful, fine-grained, bluish syenite — a kind of granite
most excellent for building stone, alike as to pressure resistance, weather
resistance, good working quality, and susceptibility of a fine polish.

On Mount lyowe, and on the south-easterly facings of Mount Mark-
ham and San Gabriel Peak there are inexhaustible beds of decomposed feld-
spar or kaolin, from which the common table dishes or China ware of com--
merce are manufactured : but all the specimens that I found showed such
admixture of iron oxide or other impurities as to vitiate their commercial
value. Some beds of a purer quality may possibly be discovered yet.

HOW THESE MOUNTAINS WERE MADE.

Some mountains are made by volcanic upheaval and outpour ; some bj^
anticlinal or roof-like uplift of their whole series of stratified rocks ; some
by a great cataclysmal fracture and "fault," whereby the rocks on one side
of the fracture are tilted up, and the other side depressed or pushed under,
but the stratifications remaining more less intact ; and some are formed by
the crushing and mashing together of the rocks, which results from con-
traction of the earth's crust in its steady process of cooling. Our Pasadena
mountains partake of the last two methods. The mashing and crushing
process, or its results, are specially illustrated at several points ; but per-
haps more plain to be seen in Granite Cut, on the Great Incline Cable Rail-
road up Echo Mountain, than elsewhere. I examined this point particularly
on August 5, 1893; ^o^ from field notes made at the time I quote this
memorandum :

" Found some ferro-micaceous sand rock and gneiss, frequently inter-
jected with dykes, seams, or pockets of pellucid quartz, white and pinkish
feldspar, and laminated mica ; also seams of metamorphic trap rock : and
numerous fractures infiltrated with breccia and sandwash from above.
Much of the formation is gneiss or gneissoid schist, passing into pulveru-
lent sand rock — the nearly completed disintegration of what miners and
water-tunnelers call "rotten granite." And there are gneiss laminations,
micaceous seams, and porphyritic dykes lying at all degrees of inclination
and all angles of intersection. The rock colors here are gra.y, brown, drab,
streaked, speckled, green, white, pinkish, tawney, slate, yellow. These
colors appear mostly in separate bodies, or in distinct seams, veins, or dykes;
but sometimes they all appear in a confused mass within a few square yards
of space.

This mixed medley of formations is characteristic of the compression
or crushing process of mountain making. And the same process or method
is further illustrated and proven by the fact that the layers of different

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 545

kinds of rock all through these mountains are not solid, but all checked and
cracked and seamed and fractured at every possible angle, and in every size
of blocks, from the fine breccia to the gigantic boulder. This condition,
existing as it does here deep in the rock beds, is due in part also to rapid
cooling after uplift, and to earthquake vibrations in connection with the
enormous compression. And this cracked or seamed condition explains in
part why these mountains form such a wonderful absorbent and store-house
for the water of the winter rains and snows, holding it like a mighty
sponge, and giving it out gradually during the dry season, by percolation
down to the springs, ooze places and tunnels in the innumerable canyons of
the range, or the lands below. It is furthermore the reason why large
storage dams cannot be used successfully here, as the water will seep away
through the cracks and crevices and fine seams in the rocks — and no large
artificial water storage can be relied on unless the bottom and sides of dam
or reservoir are solidly cemented.

The fracture and " fault " process of contiguous uplift and depression is
illustrated b}^ the fact that all along the south face of these mountains the
layers of rock present a broken-off edge, and have a dip to the north, vary-
ing from 25 degrees of inclination up to a complete perpendicular. On the
other hand, the Pasadena geological basin is, in mj' opinion, depressed
toward the mountains, but having a south rim or lip along the line of the
South Pasadena bluff, the Raj-mond hill, Oak Knoll, Col. Mayberry's bluff,
the bluff north of the old B. D. Wilson ranch house, etc. From these and
many other correlated facts, I conclude that the line of peripheral shrink-
age-pressure was from the ocean side, with a line of resistance on the north
caused by the previous uplift of the Sierra Nevada mountains, and of the
great plateaus which now form the Mohave desert at an altitude higher
than our Pasadena mountain tops. These older elevations had become a
rigid continental mass, immovable, and the cretaceous or pre-tertiar}^ ocean
washed their foot-hills and beachy slopes. But the great round earth's peri-
pheral shrinkage from cooling continued to produce outer wrinkles analogous
to what we observe in a shriveling apple, and the California coast range be-
gan to bulge up out of the water by sheer necessity of crush-force displace-
ment, till at last there was a mighty break, a crash, a slip, whereby Mount
Wilson, Echo Mountain, and the rest, reared their heads up backward
toward the north, with a fracture face looking south, while the layers of
rock south of the line of fracture went under, making a depression or basin
more than a thousand feet deep — yet with another fracture line and lesser
uplift at Raymond Hill and its east and west range of co-ordinate bluffs.
This great geological gulf extended from the Arroyo Seco eastward in-
definitely ; but the Pasadena portion of it probably had an eastern barrier
reef or ridge on the east side of the present out wash of Eaton canyon, and
the basin has been entirely filled up with boulders, breccia, sand, gravel,
soil and vegetable debris from the mountains — of course, filling highest
near the foot of the mountains. And I think there was a lateral moraine
or crowded up wall of boulders on the line of the Marengo Avenue ridge,
from about where the Santa Fe railroad crosses it, down in almost a straight
line southward to the adobe flat where the Raymond station is located. And
a similar moraine in part formed the Orange Grove Avenue ridge. None of
this work was done suddenly, except in spots ; it was rather the slow, steady
process of unreckoned ages of time — for the pendulum of the geological

35

546 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

clock beats centuries for seconds — and the uplift may not have averaged
more than one inch in a hundred years. The good book says, "With God
a thousand years are as one day ;" and here we discern the polytechnics of
his world-making work,*

Earthquakes, and especially the California "tremblers," have an im-
portant place in the geological mechanism b}^ which the Pasadena moun-
tains were made. I presume all of j'ou have at some time in your life heard
the cracking sound of timbers or boards in a framed house when they were
in process of contracting by cold during a frosty night. Or you have heard
the snapping and cracking sound of a stove or stovepipe when cooling off.
Well, that was a little earthquake — a phenomenon on a small scale precisely
similar in principle to the earth tremblings which occur in California occa-
sionally and are overdignified by the terrifjdng name of earthquake. The
contractile pressure of the earth's crust in its cooling process has somewhere
caused a crack, a fracture — and the earthquake is simply the jar produced
by that tension click of the earth's rocky 'encasement — the fracture being
generally, but not always, beneath the ocean or near a junction of land and
sea. The extent of the earthquake, and its effects on land and sea in any
given case, will of course depend upon the amount of rock displacement
caused at the time ; sometimes it is so little — perhaps onlj^ a hair's breadth
— that there is only a faint sense of trembling ; while at other times there
will be one or more sharp shocks, and sometimes great and destructive com-
motion in the ocean's waters, as- occurred on the coast of South America a
few years ago. And every time one of these shocks occurs it is a stroke of
God's great hammer forging another link in the might}' mountain chain
around the earth. f

Our Pasadena mountain rocks were formed in layers beneath the ocean,
from the disintegration and pulping of other and older rocks during an age
when the ocean extended to the Sierra Nevada mountains and had the great
Mohave desert for its sandy floor. Our rocks were formed by the joint
action of heat and water, or in a bath of superheated steam under great
pressure — thus giving them sometimes the appearance of aqueous and
sometimes igneous rocks, but always marked as metamorphic rocks. It
was the intensity of compression that gave the heat, and not the fire of
combustion as in volcanic and primitive rocks ; and this pressure heat was
continued through centuries upon centuries of time. Hence these are
jellied rocks — cooked rocks — or metamorphosed by the prolonged intense
moist heat into a composite magma, in quality and relation of parts con-
siderably different from their original condition when deposited as sediment
on the ocean floor — and further changed in their crystallizing during the
process of cooling, according as it went on slowly or rapidly in the different
layers, either before or after their terrestrial uplift. Therefore all fossils, if
they ever contained any, have been cooked into vapor and diffused undis-
tinguishably through the common mass. Thus, too, the gold that is found
was vaporized from older rocks below, and in part from the sea water itself,

*" The latter part of the Tertiary period has been the great mountain-building epoch in the earth's
history. The principal part of the elevation of the Andes and the Rocky Mountains has taken place
since the middle of the Tertiary period. * * * A considerable portion of this elevation of the chiefest
mountain systems of the world occurred in what would be called post-Tertiary time — that is, has been
coincident with a portion of the Glacial period." — " Man and the Glacial Peyiod," p. 328 : International
Scientific Series No. 69 ; 1892.

t" The frequent earthquakes on the Pacific coast tmke it not at all improbable that the process of
elevation is still going on."— Prof O. F. Wright, on " Prehistoric Man on the Pacific Coast," in Atlantic
Monthly, Aptil, iSgi.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 547

and diffused througli the mass of quartz and the mass of crude porph5^ry
["porphyriticdump" formation], both of which now hold it in molecular com-
bination— with the result that it is not found as free gold, but only as flour
gold, or verily " gold-dust," in small quantit}^ after the ore has been ground
to finest powder and the precious metal successfully separated.

THE GOLD VEIN.

There is a vein of auriferous quartz extending easterly and westerly
along the wall of the front range of these mountains, with a dip northward
at an angle of 45 degrees, or more. In 1886 an outcrop of this vein was
found on Mount Wilson ; there was a flurry of excitement over it for a few
weeks, and a number of claims were staked ; a little gold was found but not
enough to pay for working, and the claims were abandoned.*

An outcrop of the same vein occurs in the west wall of Pine canyon,
which lies between Eaton and Rubio canyons; and the "Carrie Mine" was
there being developed by its owners, E. V. Carson and Jesse Dickey, when
I visited it September 30, and again December i, 1893. Their first tunnel
starts into the face of- the mountain some 50 or 60 feet below the mineral
outcrop and extends inward 100 feet on a level, running due north. At
about 50 feet from the entrance it passes through the fissure vein, and at the
inner end it strikes another vein less rich than the first, though still deemed
worth working — but here a caving down occurred, and work at that point
had to be stopped for the present. At the junction with the first vein side-
drifts or tunnels were worked both eastward and westward, the west one
dipping downward and yielding "pay rock" of the kinds called in miners'
parlance, "oxide," "sulphide," "honey-comb," and "sugar quartz." Be-
sides the "Carrie" mine, the same parties had staked the "Pine Tree"
mine, adjoining it on the east ; the "Edith " mine on the west; the "Sum-
mit," a deposit of lead carbonate gold-bearing rock near the top of this
mineral ridge; and the "Surprise," a twelve-inch vein of gold-bearing
feroxide quartz several hundred feet lower down, and in the east wall of Pine
canyon, all the others being in the west wall. The following assays were
made and duly certified by Wade & Wade, assayers, of Los Angeles :

GOLD. SILVER.

July 26, 1893 — Ore from the "Carrie "mine, per ton, $ 89.50 $ 3.85
" " " " " 249.07 12.28

Aug. 12, " " " " _" " 135-18 4.97

July 13, 1893 — Ore from the " Edith " mine, " 75-45 1.92

Besides these results from professional assayers, Mr. Dickey had made
numerous tests for his own satisfaction, by the method which miners call
"horning out" — that is, reducing the ore to a fine powder in an iron
mortar, then separating the gold by using a horn spoon for a washer, and
weighing it in delicate pocket scales that tip the beam even to grains and
pennyweights, or "the small dust in the balance."

The "Carrie," the "Edith," and the "Pine Tree" mines lie about
3,000 feet above sea level.

* " Parties down from Wilson's Peak today report about 300 men there prospecting now, and that
there are 38 men at work on the new trail." — Pasadena Union. August 27, 18S6.

The same paper of September 3, speaking of W. H. Korstian and Frank Hearn of Pasadena, said:
"After spending a week in diligent testing of their claim, they have just returned laden with some
very rich specimens. The official assay makes a showing' of $\€g per ton of pure melal." The Los
Angeles Herald at i-ame time reported: "There is gold in the giavel of the Santa Anita, Forsylh
[Las Flores], San Gabriel and Precipicio [Eaton] canyons, which spprcach (ach other very near in the
mountains. Various ledges between these have been sampled and assayed, and yield gold from J50 to
$300 per ton." — Los Angeles Herald, September— , 18S6.

548 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

June 22, 1894, ^ corporation was formed called the " Loris Gold Min-
ing Company," to operate these Pine Canyon mines under a patent process
for reducing the ores and extracting the precious metal in some quicker and
cheaper way than by the old stamp-mill process. The inventor of this
patent was Geo. W. McGee of Chicago ; and of the new company, the Star
said :

"It is formed with Messrs. Ed. Kennedy, M. McCament, J. V. and
Eugene Carson, J. H. Dickey (all of this city), A. W. Myers of Ishpeming,
Mich. ; Newell W. Bloss of New York City, and Geo. W. McGee of Chicago,
as incorporators. All these gentlemen except Mr. McGee, are now here and
have thoroughly examined the property in Pine canyon which the}^ have
bought for the purpose above set forth. Thej- will order mill machinery
and engine at once, and prosecute the development of the mines and the
milling of the ore vigorously, having plenty of capital at their command."

The company was named "Eoris," from Mr. Kennedy's little daughter,
about six years' old, he being the largest stockholder, and was organized by
electing Ed. Kennedy, president; N. W. Bloss, vice-president ; J. O. McCam-
ent, secretary, and San Gabriel Valley Bank, treasurer. A good pack trail
was made from the mines down to the wagon road ; a band of burros se-
cured; a mill erected, with ample ore-deck at top; machinery put in; a forty-
horse-power oil-burtiing steam engine set in place to drive the mill ; and M.
G. Burns, a miner of twelve years' experience in the Black Hills, engaged
to superintend the works. The capital by this time invested was said to be
about $12,000.

October 23, 1894, I visited this mill. It was then expected to steam up
and commence regular work in two weeks. About 100 assays had been
made there at the mill camp, I was told, and had averaged $40 per ton.
There were fiftj' tons of ore ready for the hoppers. But the season had been
unusually dry, and the water supply from the canyon, being small at best,
was growing more scant day by day ; and up to December 15, 1894, the mill
was ready for work but lying idle because there was not water enough at
command for the necessary uses of the mid and camp. \_Later. — September,
1895, I am informed that the Loris mining works have been abandoned and
the mill moved away.]

After the foregoing digression, I quote again from my report of January,
1894:

"The same fissure vein of mineral-bearing quartz crops out also on
Echo Mountain, only a few rods northward from the hotel reservoir ; and
the east bridle road to Mount Lowe crosses a slide of debris from this out-
crop which I named "Temptation Slide," because for twenty years past it
has semi-occassionally teinpted some old miner or prospector to follow it up
and dig awhile ; and thus it has been "discovered," "staked," abandoned,
and rediscovered several times over. It is now staked and claimed by John
E. Bennett of Los Angeles, and named the " Professor Lowe Mine ;" but no
tunnel or shaft has been worked into it. From this cropping it dips both

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 549

northward into the body of the mountain and southwest down into L,as
Flores Canyon. The vein varies from two and one-half to four feet thick.

"In Las Flores Canyon, at an elevation of about 2,300 feet above
sea level, is the most extensive opening that has ever been made into this
Pasadena mineral vein. It has been traced here for about a mile, and claims
staked at every available point, their recorded names being "Golden Star,"
"Jessie Marie," " Altadena," "Pasadena," "Monitor," and "Bald Eagle."
At the " Golden Star " mine a shaft has been sunk, following the dip of the
vein down 100 feet — at an angle of 45° for 65 feet, then increasing
to about 60° of dip. This lower section became too dangerous by reason of
foul air, called "fire damp," and it was boxed off for the present, and a tun-
nel run westward, which had been extended fifteen feet when I was there in
September, 1893. The descending shaft was excavated four and one-half feet
high and six feet wide ; and the first sixty-five feet of it is timbered up solid
enough for a railroad tunnel. To provide ventilation, a hot air furnace was
kept burning at the mouth of the shaft and a draft-pipe run down to the
workmen at the lower end of it, new joints being added as the tunnel pro-
gressed. A good wagon road extends up to within about 150 feet of the
mouth of the shaft and its dumpyard ; and at this road-point the company
has staked ground for a quartz mill of their own. Wm. Twaddell, the
superintendent and chief owner of these mines, has bought the house and
farm in the canyon, known to old settlers in Pasadena as the "Forsyth
ranch." It has a priority water right in the canyon, which can be used to
run the mill, and serve afterward for domestic and irrigation purposes just
as well as it does now. Messrs. J. T. Best, Samuel Wells, and Thomas
Armstrong are members of this mining company ; and there are two others
interested merely as capitalists or silent partners. I visited this mine Sep-
tember 13, and again on November 24, 1893; there was then twenty to
twenty-five tons of ore on the dump, and I gathered from it pocket samples
of auriferous quartz, silver chloride, horn silver, iron pyrites, iron oxide
rock, chloritic talcose shale — or, in plain English, green clay, sometimes
miscalled " soap-stone " ; gold sulphide, gold-bearing crude porphyry, and
some red, pulverulent ore with flour of gold diffused. I estimated that
probably one-fourth of the ore on this dump was "pay-rock," and the rest
doubtful. The owners estimated its value to average $10 per ton, claiming
their assays to have yielded from $3 to $14.29 per ton. The assays for
Twaddell were made by Thos. Price of San Francisco, formerly State min-
eralogist,, and an expert authority in such work. (The crude porphyry from
one of the Las Flores water tunnels assayed $3.20 of gold per ton.) The
owners claim to be experienced miners, and seem to be well satisfied that
they have a good property in these mines, which they intend to work as a
regular, legitimate productive industry."*

[Note. — I visited Las Flores again October 23, 1894. A new water
tunnel had been worked into the east wall of the canyon about ys of a mile
up from the claim staked for a mill site, to a depih of 125 feet, running east
through a moist mineral vein, and a branch of 35 feet running north through
a dry ore vein. It was the intention to continue the eastward tunnel 125

* M. E. Wood came to Pasadena in 1S76 ; and in 1S81 he and a miner from Arizona named Redway
discovered mineral rock in Las Flores canyon. They staked a claim there, and had some of the ore
assayed. It yielded a small amount of both gold and silver, but not enough to pay for working, and
they abandoned it.

550 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

feet farther, in search of more water. During the month of September Mr.
Twaddell had procured four assays to be made for him at the lyoris mining
works, in Pine Canyon, and these yielded respectively $4, $10, $1, and
$1,800 per ton.]

Linda Vista Gold Mines. — In September, 1886, W. L. Vail and
Frank A. Kasson reported assays running from $40 to $100 per ton from
gold ore found in the Linda Vista Hills. And in 1887 John W. Wilson and
son worked a mineral vein from 14 to 18 inches thick, in the hills west of
Linda Vista and about two miles from Pasadena. The vein yielded quartz
oxide free milling ore, and six different assays gave from $4.60 to $26.00 per
ton value in gold and silver, with gold predominating. But the right of all
minerals of value ever to be found within this part of the old Spanish grant
of the San Rafael Rancho was bought years ago from Benj. Drey fuss by J.
DeBarth Shorb ; hence this mine could only be worked by Shorb's permis-
sion, and with a percentage to him, and thus it does not pay to work it.

In 1884 I owned some land on the Arroyo hills west of Pasadena, where
the Scoville bridge and other improvements are now located ; and near the
top of the hill there was an abandoned gold-digging. Our late townsman.
Dr. O. H. Conger, had assayed "the color," as miners term it, or yellow
dirt which was found there, and it yielded a little gold, but not enough to
pay for working. And the excavation has since been covered up by Mr.
Scoville's grading operations.

In 1883 there were still visible some abandoned gold-diggings in the
semi-circular sandy flat below the county road as it winds up from the Gar-
vanza bridge to Highland Park. The old Pasadena stage road crossed this
flat within a few yards of the gold-digger's pits ; they were sand-wash dig-
gings ; but they are all now filled up, the land being used for a Chinese
market garden. And the vegetable diggers are making more money out of
it than the gold-diggers did.

In the old flood-plain of the Eaton canyon wash, above Lamanda Park,
there is occasionally found a mysterious old pit in the sand and gravel, as if
somebody had been digging for water. These are remains of gold-digging
ventures — some of them made as long ago as 1852. [See also page 53, and
first footnote, page 73.]

other mineral formations.

On the west side of the Arroyo Seco, opposite the foot of Columbia
street, there are shale beds of Tertiary age, and I have gathered from
them specimens of selenite, a crystallized and pellucid variety of sulphate of
lime, or gypsum ; but it does not occur in commercial quantity. I also found
there, as an exudate or efflorescence of the shale beds, some granular crusts
of sulphate of magnesia or epsom salts, and in the same beds I found exuda-
tions of alkali — almost pure saleratus.

In 1876 Prudent Beaudry tunneled into the west bank of the Arroyo
Seco opposite the foot of Columbia street for coal, and worked out altogether
about a ton of a pretty good article, though it proved to be only a pocket
deposit, and no more was found. The shaft or tunnel was carried in two
hundred feet, but the mouth has caved in or filled up with debris, so that it

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 55 1

cannot now be entered to obtain specimens.'^ This Beaudry coal shaft was
excavated bj^ Samuel Carson, a son of Gen. Fremont's famous Rocky
Mountain scout, Kit Carson.

On the line of the abandoned old Santa Fe cut-off track from Raymond
to Lamanda Park, at a point between Moline and I^ake Avenue the grade or
roadbed was cut through a deposit of bog iron ore, also called " ferriferous
tufa," and " cellular limonite." It is a geological curiosity but of no com-
mercial value.

In the South Pasadena hills, right where the I^incoln Park reservoir is
now located, there is an extensive deposit of feldspathic shale, and mixed in
it are boulders of water-lime rock which were dug out and burned and used
for hydraulic cement when the Padres of San Gabriel built their Mission
church, their mills and their dams. And the Pasadena colony people ordered
lime burned there for their Orange Grove reservoir in 1874 ; and Mr. Shorb
procured it also for the original cement ditch from Devil's Gate to Reservoir
No. I, in 1876. But fuel is so high now that a better article of cement can
be imported for less money than it will cost to quarry and burn the lime here.

Fossil Fish Ledge — The body of hills extending from South Pasa-
dena to East lyos Angeles are commonly called " chalk hills," but there is
little or no real chalk or lime in the feldspathic shale of which they are
chiefly composed. It seems to be a sedimentry mixture of kaolin (decom-
posed feldspar) with silica and iron. Hon. Delos Arnold was spending the
winter of 1880-81 in Pasadena, and boarding at Col. Banbury's. The
Colonel was then working at carpentry, and was using a piece of this native
chalk for his chalk-line. This attracted Mr. Arnold's attention, as a matter
of geological interest ; and one day while driving along the adobe road he
picked up a piece of the chalky rock that had been washed down from the
ledge, and on separating it into flakes discovered the fossil imprint of a
small fish. He then followed up the wash-gully to the parent ledge, and
there found more specimens. The exact place of this fossil bed was only
known to five or six persons until July 9, 1895, when a party of twenty-six
Chautauquans spent several hours there, and succeeded in finding ten or
twelve specimens of the fossil fish, varying from one-half inch to two inches
long, besides fossil leaves and bud scales, and a beech nut, and wing cases
of water beetles ; also some specimens of dendrites,!

* Hon. J DeBarth Shorb tells me that he saw this stuff, and that it was not coal at all, in the com-
mon understanding of the term, but small erratic beds of asphalt, compressed to a hard, dry, brittle
condition almost hke the best of true coal. And judging from all the conditions of the surrounding
country, I think Mr. Shorb is probably right about it.

tThe Daily Star of July 10, 1S95, said : "A geological fishing excursion, with a picnic attachment.
* * At half-past eight o'clock yesterday morning the start was made from Fair Oaks avenue and Colo-
rado street— seven buggies and two " bikes," with Dr. Reid as guide. The following persons constituted
the party : Mrs. O. W. Stanton, president of the Delphi circle, and members. Prof. A. L. Hamilton, Mrs.
M. A. Wakefield, Misses Cora and Nettie Underwood, Miss Aeta Udell, Miss Blanche Allin. W- N. Van
Nuys. president of the Marengo circle; and members, Mrs. Van Nuys, J. W. Sedwick and wife, Prof.
Charles M. Parker, A. B. Stevens, Miss Jennette Tower, Miss Rosa Allin, Mrs. Mary M. Smith, Mrs.
Anna H Johnson, Miss Blanche Johnson, Dr. A. B. Royal. Geo. W. Burman. Visitors, Mrs. A. M. Royal,
the doctor's mother and his son Harry ; Miss May Allin, Roy Gray and Will Gray. Among their equip-
ments for work were hammers, hatchets, a grubbing hoe, a railroad shovel, a putty knife, a cold chisel,
a dirk knife, a case knife, three jackknives, a framing chisel, a geological hammer, and several hair
pins."

552 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The; Oil Question. — In March, 1865, the lyos Angeles Pioneer Oil
Co., leased for a term of twenty -five years the exclusive right to operate oil
works on the Rancho San Pasqual. The shale formation in the Arroj^o
banks at foot of Columbia street and thereabouts were then supposed to be
of oil-bearing character. But the company never bored a well. See page
76 ; also 464, Where the Southern Oil Co. is mentioned. This new Pasa-
dena Company put up a derrick and went to work. I requested them to
preserve a record of formations passed through, and let me have it for my
chapter on Geology. They kindly did so, and here is the record of their
second well, up to September 23, when this chapter went to press :

GEOLOGICAL SECTION OF OIL BORINGS ON SOUTH PASADENA HILL.

FT. DEEP.

Ivimestone and adobe.
100

At 176 feet, water, about the level of old San Gabriel road.
Adobe.

Black shale.
Adobe.

300

400

500
600

700
800
900

At 350 feet, Iridium, or hornblende ; 18 in., very hard ; took 4 days to

to drill through it.
Sand, very fine.

Shale, black.

At 450 feet, water again.

Shale, dark blue.

Shale.

Sand and coal strata.

Limestone.

At 665 feet, water again.

Close sand.

At 725 feet natural gas.
Sulphurous gas and water.

Sand.
Natural gas.

Carboniferous shale.
Sand.

Edwin Baker and J. F. Barcus, two reputable old settlers, inform me
that in 1887-S8 a Mr. Roberts had a spring in the Arroyo bank at junction
of West Columbia street with Arroyo Drive, which at certain times of year
tasted and smelled so strongly of oil that the family could not use it. But
the spring is now abandoned and filled up, Mr. Roberts having removed to
L,os Angeles.

Geo. W. Glover, Jr., editor of the South Pasadenau, informs me that
gas bubbles and a petroleous odor have sometimes been noticed at a point
between Mr. Moody's house on the Arroyo bank and the site of the old
adobe or Garfias ranch house. •

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 553

F. M, Underwood, a well-known mine prospecter of Pasadena, claims
that he found outcrops of shale formation at sundry points west-by-north
from Pasadena, which showed that the shale beds at Columbia Hill were
part of a continuous stratum of oliferous shales extending from the oil
wells of Newhall and Saugus in a line southeastward to those of Puente.

GLACIER ACTION IN PASADENALAND.

When I learned of the circumstances and conditions under which stone
implements were found deeply buried in Reservoir Hill, in February, 1874,
as described in the chapter on " Prehistoric Man in Pasadena," it became
necessary to seek a geological explanation of the case ; and for this purpose
there were two resources — earthquake phenomena and glacial phenomena.
No waiter to my knowledge had at that time supposed or suggested that the
glacial epoch of geology had extended its Pacific coast ice mantle as far
south as Ivos Angeles.* But when I began to study the Reservoir-Hill
problem in that light, I soon discerned that Pasadenaland had been the
scene of a series of terrace lakes, which were a feature of the glacial
period ; and thus our ancient stone relics came to be reckoned as cotemporary
with glacial phenomena in this.valley, notwithstanding previous opinions that
no glacier work had occurred so far south. My conclusion on this point was
first publicly announced in an address before the Pasadena Fortnightly Club,
February 27, 1894. There was present in the audience Mr. J. B. French,
who had formerly been a working member of the Western Reserve His-
torical Society at Cleveland, Ohio, and associated therein with Prof. Geo.
Frederick Wright, who stands preeminent as an authority on glaciology.
Mr. French had himself done some field work on this line in Ohio, and was
much interested in my discoveries here at Pasadena, for he had previously
noticed what looked like ' ' glacial till ; ' ' but being under constraint of the
common doctrine that glaciers did not reach so far down the coast, he had
said nothing about it. He now mentioned the matter to me, and we there-
after took many trips together in search of glacier footprints, finding them
numerous and well defined at many points within a radius of three to five
miles from Pasadena's business center.

In connection with this matter I recalled that in 1885 [July 15, see foot-
note, p. 418] I had noticed at Devil's Gate some very singular markings
on large rocks or boulders there — had pointed them out to friends at the
time, and tried to explain them by some theory of an ancient waterfall, with
sand, gravel and cobblestones washing over and wearing those peculiar
marks on the rocks. Any suggestion of glacier marks would have been
rank geological heresy at that time, and it did not occur to me ; but now,

* " Prior to the autumn of 1871, the glaciers of the Sierra were unknown. In October of that year I
discovered the Black Mountain glacier, between two peaks of the Merced group, * * not expecting
to find any active glaciers so far south in the land of sunshine." — John Muir, '■ Mountains of California."
p. 28. Mr. Muir reports 65 glaciers still existing in California that he has himself seen, at elevations from
9,500 feet to 11,000 and 12,000 feet.

554 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

1894, I bethought me that there the glacier had left a memorial record in
its own handwriting, indelible on the granitic syenite rocks, which could not
be gainsaid ; with Mr. French I went and reexamined them carefully ; and
as an eventual historic outcome of this conclusion I here quote an article
from the I,os Angeles Daily Journal of Sept. 13, 1894 •

THE MARKINGS AT DEVIL 'S GATE.

Pasadena, Cal., June 2, 1894.

By invitation of Dr. H. A. Reid we have examined what he claims are
" glacial scratches ' on the rocks at Devil's Gate. They consist of some
eight or nine examples of peculiarly polished marks on the surface of hard
granite rocks — some of them being striations or little grooves in parallel
lines, and others more like patches of polished chisel work, but all appar-
ently made by a power moving from north to south, which it seems would
have been the most natural line of motion of a glacier at this point. We
are not expert geologists or glacialists, but have some knowledge of the
subject in connection with other branches of natural science ; and we do
not know of any other natural cause which could have produced these par-
ticular marks in the place, and on the kind of rock surfaces, and in the
relative positions of alignment, as we found them.

Signed :

A. J. McClatchie, [Professor in charge of biology department in
Throop Polytechnic Institute.]*

J. D. Gaylord, [Formerly principal of High School in Brooklyn, Conn.,
and of Academy at Ashford, Conn.; twenty-two years a teacher; constant
reader of science periodicals, etc.]

J. B. French, [Formerly treasurer and librarian of the Western Reserve
Historical Society at Cleveland, Ohio, co-member and worker with Dr. Geo.
Frederick Wright, the foremost authority on glacial phenomena now living.]

Geo. Conant, [For twelve years principal of incorporated academies in
Western New York, and seventeen years principal of city schools in Ohio.]

Thomas Nelmes, [Member of Science Association of Southern Cali-
fornia.]

Delos Arnold, [Special student in paleontology ; has gathered and
classified the finest collection of fossil shells, crinoids, etc., in the State.]

Frank J. Polley, [Professor of history and accounts in Throop Poly-
technic Institute; a zealous and working member of the I^os Angeles County
Historical Society.]

Joseph Grinnell, [Special student in entomology and ornithology ;
has made a large and valuable collection, especiallj^ of native birds.]

Charles V. Tebbetts, [Formerly professor in William Penn College,
Oskaloosa, Iowa, and principal of Pasadena High School, 1889-90.]

Wm. H. Knight, [President of Southern California Science Association,
1894; honorary member Cincinnati Society of Natural History; contributor
to various scientific publications.]

For twelve months longer I pursued this investigation, and can now re-

*I have added in brackets after each name a statenieut of their relation to scientific studies or in-
terests which explains why I invited them to this particular investigation

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 555

port more specifically upon it. There are three distinct varieties of geologi-
cal waymarks among these exposed and weather-worn rocks on the north-
east postern of the narrow gorge known as "Devil's Gate," to-wit : slick-
ensides, glacial enamelings,* and water carving.

Slickensides. — "Polished and scratched or striated rock-surfaces, ex-
hibited on the opposed faces of veins or faults, or occasionally between lay-
ers of stratified rocks where they have moved one upon another," — Stan-
dard Dictionary, iSg^.

These marks were probably made when these rocks were first upheaved
from their original bed at the bottom of the ocean, and pressed against each
other so hard as to produce a glaze-film by the heat of friction ; but they
could possibly have been made by earthquake movement at a later period ;
and these particular ones could also have been made by glacier movement,
because they lie in a horizontal position and not vertical or at some angle ot
elevation, as slickensides usuallv do. This fact of their horizontal position,
and of close association here with other marks certainly of glacial origin,
and of their alignment with the most probable course of the glacial move-
ment at this point, led me at first to class them as ' ' glacial scratches ' ' or
striations, as spoken of in the above document. But Mr. Ossian Guthrie, an
expert glacialist of Chicago, examined them with me early in February,
1895, a^^d pronounced them unquestionably "slickensides," notwithstand-
ing their unorthodox position ; and I concurred in that as perhaps the greater
probability, t

Glacial Enameling s. — These are the marks " like patches of polished
chisel work ' ' spoken of in the June 2d document. They are not ' ' scratches ' '
in the ordinary sense, nor striations, but rather gougings, with a thin shell
of glassy-like glazing on the surface, which were produced by a friction so
great as to generate heat enough to melt or vitrify the surface of the rock
at points of heaviest contact. The glaze-film or enamel would of course be
harder than the body of the rock, and thus preserve their character — other-
wise they would have been worn away by water or weather long ago ; and
in fact there are many spots discernible where flakes of the enamel have
cracked and peeled off. These marks are on the surface of what is appar-
ently an obtruding head of tilted and fractured bedrock that stands partly
in contact with the slickensides rocks. It lies in the line of right-oblique
movement which would naturally have been produced by a glacier moving

*"I noticed in many places, as we approached Lake Tenaj'a. the polishings and scorings of ancient
glaciers. * * It is wonderful that in granite so decomposable these old glacial surfaces should remain
as fresh as theday thej- were left bv the glacier. But if ever the pjlished surface scales ofif, then the dis-
integration proceeds as usual. The destruction of these surfaces by scaling is in fact continually going
on. '—Prnf. Joseph LeConte, in Overland Monthly, Nov., iS8;; page $01.

What Prof. LeConte calls "polishings," I have called •' enamelings," because this latter term better
expresses their distinctive character && glazed surfaces— entirely different from any water-worn or sand-
scoured smoothness.

tThree or four months later, Capt. D. M. Greene, late of U. S. Army, discovered there one series of
slickenside striations which had another series crossing them diagonally. -"^nd this second grooving
may have been produced either by glacier or by earthquake movement.

556 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

down the Canj^ada valley, and meeting a lesser one from the Arroyo valley
at their point of junction. And I have not seen, nor heard, nor read of,
nor been able to suggest any other movements in nature which could have
done this particular piece of work. Just why there is not more of it here I
cannot say ; but I believe a great deal more of it once existed, and was
cracked, peeled, disintegrated, worn and washed away by the action of the
elements in after time, these being only a few specimens which chanced to
remain to tell the story ; for as Prof. IvcConte says, "The destruction of these
surfaces by scaling is in fact continually going on."

Water Carvings. — There are several smoothly worn troughs or
chutes and other peculiar shapings which were produced by the scouring
action of sand, gravel, cobble-stones, etc., carried along by running water.
The most conspicuous and well-marked specimen of this class is the turban
rock, in shape and position something like a small Moorish dome — and now
so ruthlessly daubed over with advertisements that a good photo of it can-
not be obtained without its being marred by the impertinence of paint.
When this particular job of water-carving was done, the outlet of a moun-
tain footlake in the Canyada and Arroyo above flowed here, at the eleva-
tion marked by these fluvial mementos on the rocks ; but the stream has
since worn its channel to a bed fifty or sixty feet deeper down. In my
researches of months and years among our mountain canyons, I have ob-
served scores of cases of the water carving work, for it is still going on
every year ; but I have not yet found examples of either slickensides or
glacial enamelings except those at Devil's Gate. The geological indications
are th'at there was a great pre-glacial river sweeping down from Tejunga,
Canyada and the Arroyo southeasterly across Pasadenaland to the San Gabriel
river, with Rubio, Eaton, Santa Anita, and many lesser canyons as feeders
from the mountain slopes. During the period of the great lava flows in
North California and beyond, there were intense meteorological disturb-
ances, with torrential floods more powerful and destructive than anything
known within man's historic period ; and it was in this age of surface
changes that our ancient river bed became filled up many hundreds of feet
deep with boulders, cobblestones, coarse sand and gravel, swept down from
the disintegrating mountain fractures by oft-repeated cloudbursts and terrific
storms. But in the closing of the glacial period the action was of a more
steady, gradual and gentle type. The yearly increase of ice and impacted
snow was piled up in the shaded mountain gorges, with dust, breccia,
boulders, sand, clay — everything that was shed by the mountain peaks,
ridges, slopes, ledges and gorges, being incorporated promiscuously with the
accumulating ice and yearly snow-pack. This vast body of congealed water,
with its varied burden of solid materials within its bulk and on its surface,
moved slowly down the outlets, it may have been an inch a day, or a foot in a

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 557

year, or at some faster rate;"^ but when it reached the open plain where the sun
had longer and stronger power upon it, the process of melting away com-
menced, and the ice sheet thinned out to a fine edge till it disappeared en-
tirely, but formed terminal and lateral moraines and made its own peculiar
deposits — thus leaving a record in the rugged language of its own day,
which by careful and diligent study we can read and translate into the
milder language of our day.

Note. — After this chapter was written, I met .Capt. D. M. Greene, of
Co. E, 6th U. S. Inf. — a graduate of West Point, and thirty years in the
government service, most of the ^ime in California and adjoining territories,
and often making official reports to the government on the topography,
geology, and other natural features of unexplored regions of mountain and
desert. I asked him to investigate the geological problem of glacial pheno-
mena in this region, and let me know his conclusion about it. He did so
and here is his report :

Pasadena, Cal., June 2d, 1895.

Dr. H. a. Reid, — Dear Sir: — Referring to the topographical and
geological aspect of the country along the west slope of the Pacific Coast
Range of mountains, and particularly that portion of it in the immediate
vicinity of Pasadena, there opens to the scientist a wide field of speculation.
The persons who have sought to determine the causes which have disturbed
the primitive geological formation of the earth's crust have found sufficient
evidence of the intense glaciation of the Pacific Coast. There are abundant
traces of glacial action along the foot-hills and valleys north and west of this
city. The gorge known as " Devil's Gate " presents strong evidence of
glacial action. The position of the immense boulders found at that place
show conclusively that they came there by glacial transportation. The}' are
water-worn, but their size precludes the possibility of water carriage. Some
of the rocks are peculiarly marked by grooves and scratches such as could
not be produced by the action of water. Portions of .some of the boulders
are highly polished, as if glazed with potter's enamel. The scratching and
polishing must be the result of the boulders being pu.shed or dragged along
under a moving mass of ice, and this theory seems to afford the only satis-
factory explanation of the phenomena. There are many other similar
evidences of glacial action to be found in Verdugo canyon and along the
south side of L,a Canyada. Yours truly. D. M. Greene.

I am also informed by Harold S. Channing, our most proficient local
metereologist, that he had noticed evidences of glacier work in Tejunga
canyon and in I^a Canyada.

Glacial Till. — When deposits are made by running water they are sub-
jected to an assorting process by which the coarser and heavier portions
remain in place first, as large blocks or erratics ; then boulders, cobblestones,
coarse gravel, fine gravel, coarse sand, fine sand, and last or farthest down the
stream, will be the finer particles that eventually settle and cohere in beds of

*"I found its rate of motion to be little more than an inch a day in the middle, showing a great
contrast to the Muir Glacier in Alaska, which near the front flows at a rate of from five to ten feet in
twenty-four hours."— yoA« Muir's " Mountains of Calif orma," p. 34.

558 HISTORY OF PAvSADENA.

clay, mud, silt, or alluvium, according to their kind of mineral substance and
amount of water in combination. But the materials brought down from moun-
tains by the glacier or ice-sheet method are not thus assorted.* On the con-
trary, they are intermixed, so that a section or vertical cut in this kind of a de-
posit will show alluvium and sand and worn gravel and angular gravel
[breccia], rounded stones and angular stones, all heterogeneously interblended.
This is called " glacial till," and this is the sort of formation that we find all
over the plain on which Pasadena is built ; yet there are frequent instances of
assortation made by running streams in the melting edges or foot-line of the
great ice-sheet, besides water washings of later and post-glacial time ; and
this accounts for the special cobblestone beds, gravel beds, clay beds, sand
beds, etc., which are often encountered in digging for cellars, cesspools,
sewer pipes, railrood cuts, wells, and other excavations — all which do not
change the main fact that ' ' glacial till ' ' is the type of our general surface
soil, and in some places for a hundred or more feet down, until the gravel
and boulder filling of the ancient pre-glacial river beds are reached.

Terminal Moraines. — It is the habit of a glacial ice-sheet to slowly,
steadily^ continuously slide down to the place where its foot is melted awa5%
dropping there its terminal load of stones and debris from the mountains ;
but here the rivulets formed from the melting ice will carry off to lower
parts of the country the finer materials, leaving scarcely anything but a bed
of stones ; and this sort of a deposit is called a "terminal moraine," the
best example of which that I have yet noticed here is at the south front of
Mr. J. E. Jardine's place, between Raymond creek and Los Robles creek,
where the roadway winds around southeastward down the cobblestone
bluff. t [The cobblestone walls forming the bluff banks of an arroyo or
valley of erosion since the glacial period, are a different type of formation.]

Lateral Moraines. — These are formed by the moving ice-sheet
forcing stones into a heaped-together mass, or sort of rude wall-line along
the edges of its path in a canyon or valley. But torrential streams rushing
down across a valley or floodplain will also do the same thing on a smaller
scale ; and while I have found plenty of these in the floodplains of the
Arroyo Seco, and Eaton Canyon, and the San Gabriel river, I have not as
yet noted any that seemed to be distinctively of glacial movement except
worn boulders imbedded high up along the north slope of the Verdugo or
La Canyada hills, and along the east contour of Pasadena's Arroyo hills.

Boulder Clay. — A glacial ice-sheet carries stones of all sorts, large and
small, smooth and rough, frozen solid into its botiom and sides ; and as it
moves they grind and scour the rock surfaces along the bottom and sides of

*'-'Till. — An unassorted, commingled, and chiefly unstratified mass of clay, sand, pebbles and
boulders, deposited directly by glacier-ice, not by glacier-waters." — Standard Dictionary.

t" The compact ice appeared on all the lower portions of the glacier, though gray with dirt and
cobblestones embedded in it. * * I noticed boulders of every size on their journeys to the ter-

minal moraine— journeys of more than a hundred ytars without a single stop, night or day, winter or
summer." — Mountains of California , p. 32-33.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 559

the glacier's slow but powerful pathway. The particles thus rasped off are
ground to finest powder between the upper and nether millstones and pulped
with water to a paste, or are carried out as the impalpable coloring matter
of muddy waters flowing from the sun-kissed foot of the glacier. This
fine mud material is often deposited by gentle sedimentation in some part of
a glacial lake, or a stream where there happens to be still water, or an eddy,
and will thus ultimately form a bed of clay intermingled with boulders,
cobblestones and other glacial products. And clay formations of this char-
acter are found along our glacial-terrace line of water-bearing bluffs. It
was first discovered by Judge Eaton when he tunneled for water at his
" Hillcrest " home place on Sylvan Avenue, in 1882. It was later detected
by J. De Barth Shorb in his numerous borings for artesian water, and he
called it the " clay dyke." In 1894 it was cut into by Engineer Gervaise
Purcell with the water tunnel which he made for Mrs. Gov. Stoneman in
the foot of Oak Knoll canyon, and at other points. [See his letter in chap-
ter on Hydrology.] But a surface deposit of boulder clay is also found near
the foot of Eake Avenue, where the Simons Bros, are quarrying it for their
steam brick factory at that location.

Pipeclay. — This term technically covers such clays as are suitable for
the manufacture of common coarser grades of crockery, and earthenware
pipes for drainage and other purposes ; and should be nearly or quite free
from iron. A small bed of this material outcrops as a grayish-white deposit
in the escarpment of the Arroyo bluff where the graded roadwa}^ leads
down Lo the I^inda Vista bridge ; but I think there is not enough of it to be
of any commercial value. L,ower down is another stratum of fine clay, but
of ironrust color and quality. These are the clay formations which Harold
S. Channing's well cut through in 1887, at a depth of 100 feet below the
surface. [See chapter on Hydrology.]

Glacial Drift. — ^ This is a general term, comprehending in some meas-
ure all the foregoing forms of glacial deposits; but applied more technically
to large areas of gravel and cobblestone deposits which were evidently of
glacial or subglacial origin.

Glacial Meadows. — This term is applied b}^ Prof Ee Conte and John
Muir to fiUed-up and soil-covered glacial lakes which now form areas and
stretches of treeless pasture lands. A considerable portion of Pasadena's
area was of this character, and was utilized as pasture land by the old
Spanish padres in the days when the San Gabriel Mission held possession
here.

560 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

CHAPTER XXX.

Hydrology : Our Geological Basin. — Judge Eaton's Views. — Change of Climate. —
Wells of Pasadena. — Artesian Borings. — Mr. Shorb's Geological Section. — Dry
Tunnels. — The Glacial Terrace.

HYDROLOGY.

This comprises all that has been learned from geological investigations,
and from actual work done by hydraulic engineers, water tunnelers, well
diggers, and artesian drills, in regard to Pasadena's natural sources of water
supply ; and this includes the mountain absorption of winter rains and
snows, besides the great geological terrace basins — the filled-up ancient
lakes over which the cit}' of Pasadena is built. These lakes were filled at
bottom with boulders, cobblestones, sand, gravel, and all sorts of debris
from the mountains, and then a topping of tillable soil varying in thickness
from one foot to over one hundred feet. The ancient gulf or lake basin
under the city is over 1000 feet deep in some places, and the lower 900 feet
of this is simply a vast water bed, up to the level of its natural outlets by
the springs in the Arroyo banks on the west, and those of the glacial terrace
on the south extending from Columbia Hill eastward to San Marino (J. De-
Barth Shorb's place) and Winston Heights. In 1884 I had commenced my
researches in regard to the geology and hydrology of Pasadenaland ; but in
1893 I spent several months at Echo Mountain and Mount Lowe, by gener-
ous courtes}^ of Prof T. S. C. Lowe, making a more close and careful
investigation of our mountain formations and their water storage than I had
been able to do before. Then in January, 1894, I submitted a report before
the Science Association of Southern California on the results and conclu-
sions I had reached ; and in this I spoke of Pasadena's great underlying
water basin, with its lower lip at Raj^mond Hill and the canyon outlets in
that east-and-west range of bluffs, giving numerous incidents of my own
collecting to illustrate the case, and imagined that I " had a patent " on that
geological basin or old filled-up lake theory. But when I set out to pre-
pare a complete history of Pasadena I solicited some contributions for it from
our veteran old settler, Judge B. S. Eaton, and he responded to my call with
such a generous hand that in nearl}^ half of my chapters T have something
from him worth preserving. The water question had been one of his hob-
bies since his first settlement here about twenty-five years ago ; and among
the matters which he wrote out for this volume is a very clear and distinct
grasp of the doctrine of our underlying \vater ba-sins, which so far as I have
learned, he was the first man to trace and define in their relations to Pasa-
dena's fluvial interests. Thus my own "patent" on it is knocked out by
the Judge's right of prior discovery, and here I present his narrative:

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 56 1

JUDGE EATON ON PASADENA'S WATER SUPPLY.

About the year 1882 I ran a series of levels around that section of the
San Pasqual ranch embraced between Columbia and Buena Vista streets in
South Pasadena, extending the survey as far east as the waters supplying
Marengo Rancho (Raymond creek). Half a dozen wells had been sunk
over this territory ; and taking their depth and comparing the height of the
water in them with the levels of the natural outlets, the theory of there
being a regular basin of water underlying the plain above was confirmed.
A further survey demonstrated the fact that some four acres of my home-
place was below the level of the surface of the water in the basin ; but there
was no natural outlet for it on my premises ; so I determined to tap the hill
with a tunnel. Before commencing this work, however, I sank a prospect-
ing shaft at the top of the bench, on my extreme north line, in order to be
sure and get on the inside of the supposed sandstone rim of the San Pas-
qual basin which our state geologist, Prof. J. D. Whitney, had mentioned to
B. D. Wilson as his explanation of the peculiar conditions of water supply
existing here, and in which I fully believed at that time. My surveys in-
dicated the level of the water in the basin to be about forty feet below the
surface of the ground at that point, and, sure enough, at that depth we en-
countered it. I felt satisfied then that the Professor's theory was correct ;
and running levels down the hill to a point corresponding with the bottom
of the shaft, I commenced tunneling. I had driven the tunnel a distance of
ninety-one feet under the hill, and as vet encountered no sandstone or ledge
of any kind, but had observed that the floor of the tunnel was very moist,
as if water were near — in fact, we were only four inches above the surface
of the water in the basin. But where was the rim of sandstone? Follow-
ing back, we found upon examination water at the same depth up to a point
thirty-five feet from the mouth of the tunnel. Here then must be the point
of interception. Upon a critical examination a stratum about twenty inches
in thickness, of very compact clay, was found to have been pierced, and
outside of this no water could be found. So that constituted the dam.'-i" A
dozen tunnels have been driven into this same bench east of this point
since, and in every instance the moment this stratum was passed, water was
found. Where Pasadena is there was at some period in the past an im-
mense depression. In truth, I believe there must have been at least two, if
not three, distinct basins lying parallel with the Sierra Madre range of
mountains. The first had for its boundaries on the west the country lying
along the Arroyo Seco, where the Canyada ranch is, and on the south by a
line drawn in an easterly direction from the Devil's Gate. The second
basin was bounded on the south by a line drawn from the Orange Grove
Avenue reservoir, also in an easterly direction. The third probably com-
prised the section now embraced between Colorado and Columbia streets.

*Prof. Whitney caught the idea of a great geological water basiu north of Mr. Wilson's spring-
bearing line ot bluffs. This was iu 1861. No borings had at that time been made to detect the hidden
local bed of boulder-clay, hence from surface indications he naturally supposed the barrier rim to be a
sandstone formation. And he did not recognize the signs of glacial action, for at that time there was
very little knowledge of glacier work in the United States ; in fact, American glaciology has almost en-
tirely been built up since that time ; and hence the.-ie two failures are no discredit to his proficiency as a
geologist. The fact was, the state had sent him out to find mineral wealth, rather than purely scientific
knowledge, and he had to chase for gold — &\\ other geological knowledge gained being only accidental
or incidental, as tributary to that one main pursuit for precious metals. I make this explanation in
justice to Prof. Whitney, who has been wrongfully criticized and censured lor the incompleteness of his
geological work iu this part of the state. The Farnsworth pamphlet of 1883, page 51, says : " The theory
was advanced years ago by Prof. Whitney that this entire portion of the San Gabriel valley is underlaid
by a vast subterranean body of water."

36

562 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

At some time the waters poured down through Fair Oaks Avenue and found
their way into the San Gabriel river.

[Note. — This corresponds almost perfectly with the three ancient ter-
race lakes which I had described in explaining the great antiquity of the
stone implements found buried so deep on Reservoir Hill, which was before
I knew anything about Judge Eaton's views on this matter. I give him
credit for being the first to discern the true character and relative positions
of these several water beds. — Ed.]

Later on, and after they began to break away through and down the
Arroyo, they were arrested by the bluff near Lincoln Park, which at that
time probably extended to Garvanza and connected with the range of hills
on the San Rafael ranch. [Note. — This is the same that I had described
as a fourth terrace lake. — Ed.] The waters turned through South Pasa-
dena, and thence in a southeasterly direction to the bed of the San Gabriel
river. But finally breaking through this last barrier they coursed on toward
the Los Angeles river without meeting with further obstruction.

A phenomenon has occurred within the life of Pasadena with the water
supply of the springs in the Arroyo Seco that goes far in my mind toward
corroborating the theory of there being two or three distinct and separate
basins. Ten or fifteen years ago my son Fred, civil engineer, and I were
passing up the Arroyo, and noted the flow at the Sheep Corral springs. He
estimated it at twenty-two inches — certainly not to exceed twenty-four. At
a later period, Mr. Schuyler, the noted hydraulic engineer, was employed to
measure the waters from the various springs in the Arroyo. Devil's Gate he
gave as ninety-six inches, and two inches waste, making ninety-eight inches
there. Under his direction, Mr. McQuilling, the zanjero of the Pasadena
Water Co., measured the Sheep Corral springs, and from his data Schuyler
gave as an approximate of the flow, fiftj^ inches. In speaking of inches,
miner's inches are meant, one of which equals about 13,000 gallons per day
of twenty-four hours. Last year I visited the springs with Mr. P. M.
Green, and at that time, midsummer, there was not less than 150 inches of
water there ; and that after the water had been picked up and diverted into
the pipes at Devil's Gate. Now comes the question, what had brought
about this wonderful increase ? My theory is that the water had been
carried over the divide between the two basins in pipes and deposited in the
lower basin for a term of years until the ground had become thoroughly
saturated, thus augmenting the supply ; consequenth^ there was an in-
creased flow through the natural drain at the Sheep Corral springs. What
strengthened my belief is that the springs above have not shown a correspond-
ing increase, though their average discharge has increased of late years.
That I attribute to the fact that the waters of all the little streams from the
mountains, which formerly were principally lost by evaporation, have been
gathered and poured onto the lands covering the upper basin until it has be-
come saturated, and now add their volume to the supply of that basin.
This is the only theory that I can evolve from the circumstances, since the
water shed has not been extended, and the average annual rainfall has
shown no material increase during the past few j^ears.

EXPLANATION CHANGE OF CLIMATE.

This increased flow from the springs is a very interesting fact, yet very
simple of explanation, and is connected with the change of climate which is

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 563

going on here. From Devil's Gate eastward to Monks Hill and beyond
there is a subterranean barrier ledge, or " divide," as Judge Eaton calls it,
which serves as a submerged dam to hold the waters that are percolating
down from the foothills and highland slopes, and compel them to find an
outlet at the lowest point of the barrier, which in this case happens to be
the Tibbetts springs and flutterwheel springs at Devil's Gate. Next, from
Orange Grove Reservoir Hill eastward to Summit and Marengo Avenues at
Chestnut street, or above the Santa Fe railroad crossing, there is another
barrier ledge which compels the percolating waters to find outlet at the low-
est point again, which in this case happens to be at Sheep Corral springs.
And a similar underground topography is repeated at Columbia Hill, Ray-
mond Hill, and the Glacial Terrace line of bluffs extending thence eastward.
Here, then, are our three principal underground basins or lakes. Now,
twenty-five or thirty years ago Pasadenaland was a parched, arid, barren
desert, all through the "dry season," and from its plains a dry, hot air was
radiated or reflected with scorching effect. The mountains held no less water
in store then than now, but it all ran to waste down the canyons until lost in
their sandy outwashes, instead of being piped out to moisten and fertilize the
dried up plains. But since that time the piping has been done, and many
thousands of acres that aforetime lay as a scorched plain during four to seven
months of the year, are now supplied with moisture, and are covered with
vines, fruit trees, flowers, shrubbery, grass lawns, hedges, and trees of stately
growth. And thus by necessary consequence the local climate is changed —
has become more moist, more humid, and in other ways modified both by
increased evaporation from the soil and by the subtle chemistrj^ of vigorous
vegetation. The long stretches of railroad trackage and electric wires, the
friction of moving trains, the diffusion of their volumes of steam and smoke
into the atmosphere, etc., have also worked somewhat to change the electri-
cal conditions prevailing, so that the}', too, are different from what they were
before this region was wrought upon by the art of man. These are points
as to change of climate — both the fact of it and the factors of it. And now I
will return to the matter of increased flowage from our springs, as mentioned
by Judge Eaton. All the water piped out from the Arroyo Seco and Millard
canyon and used either for irrigation or domestic purposes on any lands or
lots south of Monks Hill, west of Los Robles Avenue and north of Villa
street, is to this area a clear addition of that amount of water which would
otherwise have gone to waste down the Arroyo bed, and never touched this
land. This volume of water is not lost, except a little by evaporation, but
after serving its special uses for man it sinks awa}' into the ground, perco-
lates down to the general water bed, and finds outlet again at Sheep Corral
springs, thus increasing the flow there. Other areas and other springs are
affected in a similar way and by the same processes ; but waters that are
used east of upper Los Robles or lower Marengo avenues do not return to

564 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

the Arroyo Seco, but go to increase by so much the flowage in Mill canyon,
Wilson canyon, Mission canyon. San Marino canyon, or the Craig Avenue
swale which extends from toot of Craig Avenue down between the old Win-
ston and Foord farms to the cienega or bog at county road angle, where Foord's,
artesian well flows apace, and from which bog Foord's creek arises. And water
used south of Villa or Walnut streets, and west of Marengo Avenue
go to increase the flowage in the Raymond Improvement Co.'s tun-
nel at Foothill street, and the flowage in Raymond creek. But this
creek supply is now heavily tapped by the great well 8x12, and twenty-
five feet deep, in the Electric R. R. car house : and also by the Santa
Fe R. R. well 8x8, and sixteen feet deep at Raymond station.

In Pasadena's colony days much discussion was had and much experi-
menting done in regard to a water supply for each household by digging a
well on their own premises. During the winter of 1884-85, I made a careful
research on this line and prepared a report which was printed in the Valley
Union of March 20, 1885. This report was the first collection of data ever
made here on the well-water problem, and led to my conclusions about Pasa-
dena being built over subterranean lakes of verA' ancient geological contour.
It is a matter of historic interest pertaining to the time before we were a city,
and hence I quote the Union\< article.

THE WELLS OF PASADENA.

Dr. Reid, while gathering up insurance business, has also gathered
some statistics of the wells in Pasadena, which will be of curious interest as
well as practical value to man\- of our readers. The list of locations, depth
of digging and amount of water in these wells will throw much light on the |
problem of our permanent water resources, as well as on the geological char-
acter of this portion of the San Gabriel valley.

On the Pasadena Highlands, at the head of Lake Avenue, Mr. Mel-
A-ille Wood has a well which he dug in August, 18S2. only thirty feet deep,
and the water stands in it steadily eight feet deep. This place is next east
from Fred Woodbury's place. Mr. Wood has also an experimental well
which he dug in December, i88i, on the lowest or southeast corner of his
place, which is only thirteen feet deep, and has one foot of water. In the
same vicinity, and a httle farther eastward. Mr. Hodgkins has a well thirty- |
five feet deep. And on the Dr. Ellis place there is one twenty -five feet in
depth. But on the Swartwout place, farther .south, and probably more than
100 feet lower down, a well was dug to the depth of 1 25 feet without getting
water, and was abandoned and filled up ; though later digging on other
farms show that a good supply of water would probably have been obtained
if the digging had been continued far enough.

[Note. — Some time prior to 1880, Mr. H. G. Monks dug a well a few
rods north of Monks' Hill to a depth of 133 feet, and qbtained water.
When Painter & Ball, in 1881, bought from Mr. Monks his 2,000 acres of
land, they dug this well two feet deeper, and water stood in it usually about
twelve feet deep : but in 1885 it went dry. Mr. Monks had also run a tun-

DIVISION KIGilT — SCIBWCE. 565

nel forty or fifty feet into the north side of Monks' Hill, and found a little
moisture but no flow of water. Then in 1884 Painter & Ball dug a well
icjfj feet deei^ with three feet of water, on what i? now the Tebbett's place,
near the Washington scho^jlhouse. — Ed.]

On Villa street, on land now owned by Mr. J. Blatenburg, there is a
bored and jjiped well y/^ fe<:t deep, with 340 feet of water standing in it.
This well was sunk by Mr, Craig, after whom Craig Avenue was named, in
order to test the problem of artesian water in that vicinity. Further east,
on Villa street, S. Bundy has a well 174 feet deep. Alfred Hutchins, on the
corner of V^illa street and Hill Avenue, has a well ifyj feet deep, with eight
feet of water. A, Uecktr, corner of Villa street and Craig Avenue, has a
well 170 feet deep, with nineteen Uj twenty feet of water. J. D. KrxAz.has
a well 148 feet deep, with four feet of water. C. D. Curtis' well on Santa
Anita Avenue, the road that leads into Eaton Canyon, Ls 102 feet deep,
with two feet of water. And P. B. Eangworthy's well on Craig Avenue, is
130 feet deep, with four feet of water. On the Allen ranch, north of J. F.
Crank's place, and the one that gave name to Allen Avenue, a well was
dug 180 feet without finding water. On Colorado .street, H. R. Case's well
is 108 feet, with four or five feet of water. C. Maudlin's well is iiofieet,
with seven to eight feet of water. Peter Sumstine's well, corner of Colo-
rado street and Craig Avenue, is 93 feet deep, with twelve feet of water. I.
McCollum's well, J17 feet, with ten feet of water. J. R. Giddings' well,
no feet, and six feet of water. A, M. Byram's well, 113 feet, and ten feet
of water. Dr. Aikens' well, 96 feet, with four to five feet of water. On
Marengo Avenue, M. W. McGee has a well ninety-four feet deep, with ten
feet of water ; and G. T. Stamm's well is eighty feet deep.

On Fair Oaks Avenue, M. Sanderaan's well Ls twenty -six feet deep,
with six to eight feet of water. John S. MilLs's well, eighteen feet, with six
feet of water. H. A. Wallis's well, fourteen feet, with five feet of water.
These three wells are all in the adobe land, down near the Raymond Hill ;
and at the north-east f^xjt of this hill is an outcrop of water formerly known
as the Bacon spring which was the head of a brook flowing down across
the old Bacon Ranch. [Raymond Creek.] On Columbia street, Mr. John
Werner has a svell ninety -six feet deep 'in which the water stands fifty-four
fieet, and is pure, soft water. It seems to come from a bed or stratum of
clay almost entirely free from the lime and iron elements which make " hard
water ' ' of our water supply generally, whether it comes direct from moun-
tain canyons, or the Arroyo, or from welLs, In the .same general vicinity
around Mr. Werner's we find the Edwards welLs, ("recently bought by Mr.
Raymond;, sixty-five feet deep, with eight feet of water; Mrs. Riggins'
well, seventy feet, with eight feet of water; D, Raab's well, fifty-eight
feet, with eighteen feet of water ; A. O. Porter and P. M, Green's well,
seventy feet, with eight feet water ; Judge Eaton's well, forty -six feet, with
six feet water.

On the Arroyo Drive, above California street, Mr. Bruso has a well
forty feet deep, with twenty feet of water. Below California street, Mr.
Baker and Mr. Marcus, and Miss Bishop each has a well twenty feet deep,
with about five feet of water; and Mrs. Glover' s well is twenty-nine feet,
with fi%'e feet water. S. Washburn, corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Val-
ley street, had a well eighty-three feet deep, with ten feet of water, and a
steam pump to lift it ; but it caved in during the excessive rains and flood-
wash of Februar>' and March, 1884, and has not been reopened.

566 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The following additional wells were noted, without learning their street
locations: G. N. Briggs, 83 feet, with 12 feet water; E. H. Rojxe, 91 feet,
with 7 feet water ; J. Butler, bored and iron-tubed well, 70 feet, with 30 feet
water; D. W. Shellhamer, 83 feet; Mr. Biedebach, 186 feet; Mr. Gripper,
83 feet ; Messrs. E. A. Bonine, James Williams, Joseph Wallace and others
also have wells, the figures of which were not obtained. John Werner,
J. Butler, and Mr. Hammond expressed confidence that they can obtain
artesian water by going down 500 to 1,000 feet.

Here are fortj^-six wells named within the neighborhood known as
Pasadena, varvdng in depth from fourteen to 490 feet deep, and scattered
about in all parts of the settlement ; and there are probably ten or twelve
more not noted. It is therefore prettj^ plain that Pasadena has resources to
soak the heads of dry weather croakers, even should the clouds go farrow
and the mountain streams dwindle all this year. [March, 1885.]

[Note. — Mr. John S. Mills, mentioned above, has since informed me
that he dug his well in 1882 ; that water was found at fifteen feet from the
surface, and at twenty-one feet it came in so fast that it yielded twenty gal-
lons per minute, and drove the workmen out. The John Werner well re-
ferred to was first dug by Hon. P. M. Green, a short time before Mills's
well, and a moderate supply of water was obtained at a depth of forty-seven
to fifty feet. Then after Mr. Werner bought the place he drilled this well
about fifty feet deeper, and more than doubled the suppl)^ of water, having
penetrated the bed of clay which Judge Eaton refers to as occurring in his
tunnel and others along the Glacial Terrace. This claj' formation is the
' ' boulder clay ' ' of geology, and was originally the fine mud that settled
along the borders of a glacier — then it was covered by later material, and
pressed into a tough, arenaceous clay (intermixed with boulders and cobble-
stones) by the weight of deposits above it.]

Since the above list of wells was published, in March, 1885, a great
many other wells and tunnels have been dug in Pasadenaland, and I have
obtained notes on a few of them. In 1887, when the Oak Knoll syndicate
was engaged in subdividing and improving their picturesque tract they dug
a well 140 feet deep. Water was first found at twenty-two feet; and at
fifty-six feet a water-bearing stratum was reached, which made the water
rise six feet in the well, and it remained at that height — only sixteen feet
from surface — but boring was continued to a total of 140 feet from the
surface. Then a steam pump was tried, and it could not perceptibly lower
the water line. July 6, 1895, I investigated this well again ; and found the
steam pump at work lifting 4,420 gallons of water per hour for ten hours
each day, without perceptibly lowering the supply. George Hyatt was the
engineer in charge. The covered reservoir at ground level holds 250,000
gallons ; and the tank, twenty-one feet above ground, holds 60,000 gallons.
About a fourth or third of a mile farther south on this tract there is a series
of tunnel and trench surface springs which yield a good supply of water.

In 1887, Harold vS. Channiug dug a well on his father's place on Orange

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 567

Grove Avenue, across the street east from Reservoir hill. After passing
through the surface soil or "glacial till" formation, fifteen or twenty feet,
there was a continued alternation of water-wash layers of sand, gravel,
cobblestones — each time in this consecutive order. Then at about 100 feet
below the surface he encountered a stratum of pipe-clay which was eighteen
feet thick. As soon as this was passed through, a water-bearing bed of
sand and gravel was met with and penetrated two feet, yielding an abundant
supply of water. The total depth of the well was 120 feet. The bed of
pipe-clay passed through in this case is the same that crops out in the bluff
and in the roadway gully at foot of the hill road leading down to the I^inda
Vista bridge. [See page 559.]

In the spring of 1890, Dr. R. H. Shoemaker, at corner of Craig Avenue
and San Pasqual street, bored a well seventy -five feet deep, in which water
stands twenty feet. A steam pump was tried on it at forty lifts per minute.
This rapid rate succeeded in breaking the machinery but not in emptying
the well. I visited this well on September 10, 1894, and found a gas engine
steadily at work pumping 1,000 gallons per hour, as stated by the pump-
man in charge.

In 1890 Joseph Heslope sunk two wells 500 feet deep on his place be-
tween the Titus and Winston farms, and the}^ flowed over the surface, but
not strong enough to suit, so he tapped them with outflow pipes six feet
below the surface, and got a stream of nine inches of water ; and this water
is now piped away to San Gabriel and Savannah.

In October, 1891, Mrs. Black, on south side of San Pasqual street
opposite Dr. Shoemaker's, sunk a well 100 feet deep, with a stand of sixty
feet of water in the tube.

In 1 89 1, Iv. H. Titus sunk a well on his peach farm on California street
and Santa Anita Avenue to a depth of 500 feet, and water stands in it to
within thirteen feet of the surface.

In 1892 A. J. Painter sunk a well fifty-five feet deep, on Painter's Flat
at the Arroyo Park grounds, near where his dummy railroad then ran from
the Painter hotel down to Devil's Gate ; and from it was p'umped a steady
stream of seven miners' inches. Then a few rods southwest from this, J.
Benj. Wilson had a well near the Arroyo bank, forty-five feet deep with
three feet of water, which had stood true for five or six years. But in 1894
the water companies run a tunnel forty feet below the bottom of the well
and drained it dry. This shows that there is a barrier ledge or dyke or
waterproof rim of some sort between the underground basin and the Arroyo
gorge. P. W. Lloyd owns this Wilson place now, and has a well shaft
eighty-five feet deep to the bottom of the tunnel, from which he raises water
by a windmill.

In the summer of 1893, C. S. Carpenter, at corner of California street
and Shorb Avenue, sunk a well 120 feet deep, and tested it with a steam

568 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

pump that raised 2,400 gallons of water per hour, without perceptibly dimin-
ishing the supply. Mr. Carpenter informed me that the first fifty feet down
seemed to be a soil formation just like the surface ; then water was met with,
and the boring was through sand, gravel, boulders, etc., all the rest of the
way down. The water continually stands at fifty feet from the surface, but
rises no higher, that being the normal water level in our submerged ancient
lake-bed ; and that fifty feet of soil represents the depth or thickness of the
glacial till formation at that particular point.

In September-October, 1894, Col. O. S. Picher and his son, sunk a well
at their home place on Magnolia Avenue below California street. They
bored to a depth of 120 feet and got seventy feet of water; then a steam
pump was put in and run at its best endeavor for twenty -four hours without
perceptibly lowering the water in the well.

In March and April, 1895, the Electric R. R. Co. sunk a well 8x12 feet
in size, and 25 feet deep from surface, inside the northeast corner of their
great truss-roof car house. For two weeks it was necessary to keep a rotary
pump running at full speed night and day, to keep the water out so that
the diggers could continue their work. I visited the place five times during
the progress of this well. As to the amount of water being pumped out,
the workmen gave me different statements ; some I knew lied to me, and I
distrusted all of them, but had no means of measuring it myself; yet I noted
that the pump was throwing a steady 3-inch stream with such force as to
project it six feet from the outlet in a fall of about four feet. This is the
largest well service yet developed in Pasadena's ancient underground lake.

April 18, 1895, I inspected the Santa Fe R. R. Co.'s well at Raymond
station. It is 8 x 8 feet in size and 16 feet deep, and usually fills from 7 to 8
feet during summer months ; but the pump man thought the Electric Car
Co.'s big new well had perceptibly lessened his supply, while it was bein^
dug and its water-flow all pumped, out. With a 2^ inch outlet he could
pump his well empty in i ^ hours ; then it would take about three hours
for it to fill up again. The R. R. tank is 18 feet deep and holds 52,000
gallons. The i}^ hours pumping would raise the water line about two feet,
which would measure 5,778 gallons of water. He thought this well would
have to be dug deeper eventually.

ARTESIAN WELL BORINGS.

The first historic effort in this line was made by James Craig, a native
of England, who came here in 1869, as agent for the Grogan tract of 5,000
acres, and took 150 acres of it for his own home, where he still resides, at
the head of Craig Avenue. He calls his place "The Hermitage." The
well in question was on the south side of Villa street near Wilson Avenue,
and was drilled and piped to a depth of 490 feet ; water stood in it 340 feet
deep, but this was 150 feet short of coming to the surface for overflow, and

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 569

hence was not an artesian well at all. It was a costly and sorry experiment
for Mr. Craig, but was really the most heroic and valuable thing that
had yet been done toward finding out what were the subterranean water re-
sources of Pasadenaland. This was in 1880 or '81.

About the same time the Foord Brothers had obtained a flowing well in
a cienega or bog at foot of Santa Anita Avenue, this bog being a pocket in
the Craig Avenue swale on the road between the original Ford and Winston
farms, and out of it flowed Foord's creek. The Foord Bros.'s farm is the
northwest part of lands of the East San Gabriel I^and and Water Co., as
shown on the official map of Pasadena, but is now owned by E. K. Alex-
ander. The well was tubed, and flows there yet, close bj^ the east side of
the road.

The next notable effort on this line occurred early in 1886, and I copy
here a report of it which I made in the Valley Union of May 28, 1886 :

"Mr. Iv. H. Titus has recently completed a remarkably successful
artesian well. It is 290 feet deep from the surface, flowing out on higher
ground than any other artesian well yet made in that region, and it flows
freely to a height of eight feet and three inches above the surface. The water
from this artesian well is as clear as crystal and gives no taste of mineral
properties, but is warm, its temperature being 72 degrees Fahrenheit. It
took them over three months to make this well. At seven feet from the sur-
face they struck boulders and had to drill through them. At the depth of
218 feet they found a stratum of cement rock 21 feet tnick, and in this they
could drill about two feet per day. At 284 feet they struck the rounded
side of a granite boulder which their tools could not phase. In forcing the
tubing down it was bent and partly ilattened against this rock. Here was
the point where 99 men out of 100 would have given up, — but Mr. Titus
stuck to it with iron grit — invented tools to rasp away the side of that flinty
rock— kept up the unequal struggle at that abysmal depth for three weeks —
finally forced the passage and then in a short time reached a bed of sand
and gravel six feet lower, and here came the splendid flow of water above
described. ' '

The "stratum of cement rock 21 feet thick," above mentioned as being
met with at 218 feet below the surface, is the eastern dip of the conglom-
erate formation which crops out as " Eagle Rock," three or four miles west
of Pasadena, and is again exposed by erosion at the mouth of San Rafael
[or Johnson's] creek opposite foot of Columbia street, and is seen low down
in east bank of the Arroyo Seco right across from the mouth of San Rafael
creek.

The next important artesian venture was that of E. F. Hurlbut on
South Orange Grove Avenue. In speaking of this the Pasadena Star of
April 10, 1889, said :

' ' A looser formation was struck yesterday than the drill had been pass-
ing through for some time, but nothing else. At a depth of 480 feet the
first spring was struck since leaving the surface water at a depth of sixty-six
feet. The water raised in the well twenty feet yesterday."

57° HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The Pasadeyia Standard oi September 21, 1889, said :

" E. F. Hurlbut's well borers are down more than 900 feet, which is
very nearly to sea level, but no artesian flow yet. This is the deepest boring
ever made in this section of country. ' '

In my geological report before the Science Association of Southern
California, in January, 1894, I gave the following account of this well :

" The boring made on E. F. Hurlbut's place on Orange Grove Avenue in
1889-90 was a truly heroic struggle of hops against hope and faith against
fate. It went down 13 10 feet without striking bed-rock — nothing but
boulders, sand, gravel, etc. Water stood in the tube at sixty feet from the
surface, but rose no higher. The bore commenced ten inches in diameter,
and a few hundred feet down was reduced to six inches. The massive steel
drill, which with its necessary tackle, couplings, etc., was thirty feet long
and one-and-a-quarter tons weight, finally dropped aslant into a boulder cavity
and became inextricably fastened in one or more of three possible ways :
either by slant leverage against the walls of the cavity ; or by a slip or
crow^ding down of a large boulder upon it ; or by its own expansion from
the increased temperature at that depth. My own opinion is that both of
the two last named causes operated in the case, and probably the first also.
At any rate, five months were spent in vain efforts to extricate that drill. A
two-inch hemp cable was broken ; then a one and one-fourth inch wire cable
was obtained, a hydraulic press lifter attached and worked up to a lifting
strain of 100 tons, when this powerful wire cable broke also; and the well
and tools had to be abandoned at last, with, of course, great loss to the con-
tractor, Mr. Charles E. Mosher, of Pasadena, besides about $10,000 loss to
Mr. Hurlbut, who wanted to go down at least 2,000 feet, anyway, before
giving up the project to get artesian water, or oil, or something."

In 1 89 1 Mr. Geo. S. Patton bored for artesian water in Mission canyon.
At a depth of fifty or sixty feet some water had been found ; then a clay
dyke twenty-five to thirty feet in thickness was passed through, and the
water already in the well disappeared. The boring was continued to a
depth of 200 feet, but no water obtained. In 1874-75 a well had been bored
on the east line of Mr. Shorb's place, below the bluff, with experience very
similar to that I have given of the Patton well. And about the same time
Mr. Mayberry had the same experience in boring for artesian water near the
"old mill." Mr. Patton had bored too far south to strike the water bed for
which the clay dyke served as a submerged dam, and the others were entirely
below the dyke. This clay dyke was the same bed of "boulder clay" first
discovered and recognized b}^ Judge Eaton in his water tunnel, in 1882, as
heretofore mentioned. And in August, 1894, Gervaise Purcell cut through
it by a tunnel which he run for Mrs. Gov. Stoneman, in the lower part of
Oak Knoll canyon. Mr. Purcell ranks high as a hydraulic engineer ; and I
wrote him inquiring if he had met with this clay deposit at any other points
where it would seem to be a part of the same original bed or stratum . Here
is his reply :

Eos Angeles, Cal., January 19, 1895.
Dr. H. a. Reid, — Dear Sir: I have found the "boulder clay," as

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 571

you classify it, in a tunnel recently run by me on the old Miguel White
place, subsequently owned by James Foord, and now in the possession of E.
K. Alexander. This place lies immediately east of the Winston rancho.
In this case it is largefy mixed with boulders, but ver)' little sand or gravel.
When taken out it forms a glutinous, plastic mass, and is exceedingly fine,
so much so that when mixed with water it will pass through any crevice
that that liquid will. This deposit lies about forty-six feet below the surface,
and is uptilted so as to render the ground back of it impervious ; in fact, we
seem to be passing through the side of a bowl into a basin filled with a
mixture of this clay and boulders. I found no fossils. The nature of this
material here suggests very forcibly the truth of your theory that it is a clay
formed by the grinding together of large stones. Very truly j^ours,

Gervaise Purcell.

In 1892 Hon. J. De Earth Shorb bored an artesian well in the upper
part of Mill canyon, at the foot of Lake Avenue. He kept a
record of the number of feet passed through of each different kind
of material and preserved a sample of the material each time, in a long
case of little glass-covered boxes. This case is preserved at his great winery
four miles south of Pasadena, where I spent the daj^ April 10, 1894,
examining its contents and giving name to each sample — for before this
they had remained unnamed ; the samples were there, with accompanying
figures, but no explanation or description whatever. And this is the first
and only complete geological section that I have learned of ever being pre-
served, out of all the scores of wells that have been bored or dug within
Pasadenaland. * It is of much value and interest to geologists and hydraulic
engineers, and also to any person who may contemplate sinking a well in
that region — hence I give it here :

No. OF Feet in

Samplk. ^1"^° o^ Material. Thickness.

I. — Brown and gray fine gravel 11

2. — Sandy clay 4°

3. — Coarse gray gravel 16

4. — Drab colored light clay — calcareous 13

5. — Coarse gray gravel.. 29

6. — Sandy clay 2

7 . — Light colored gran ite 12

8. — Brownish fine sandy clay 2

9. — Brown sand and gravel i4

10. — Light colored sand and gravel 8

II. — Light snufF-colored sandy clay 6

12. — Fine gray gravel and sand 12

13. — Fine brown sand 6

14. — Coarser gray gravel and sand 3^

15. — Brownish grit clay, slightly calcareous 2

16. — Light and brown gravel with sand 22

17. — SnufF-colored calcareous clay, with grit 6

18. — Light colored fine gravel 6

19, — Brownish grit clay, slightly calcareous..... 2

20. — Coarse and fine light colored gravel 12

Total depth 259

*The looo-feet record given on page 552 was made over three years after this one by Mr. Shorb.

572 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

By former experience, Mr. Shorb had learned pretty nearly where the
clay dyke or dam lay, and took pains to sink this well above it so as to test
the permanent water level of the great underground basin. He then run a
tunnel from lower down the canyon so as to tap the well at a point consider-
ably below the permanent water level and thus obtain a liberal continuous
flow. He informs me that he has tapped twelve wells in this way at points
from ten to thirty-seven feet below their natural outflow, and in each case
obtained from ten to twenty per cent, more water. The Winston farm, next
east of Shorb' s, has some wells tapped in the same way. Also the Heslope
place next north of Winston's. But this is only practicable along the line
of the glacial terrace and its clay dyke or submerged dam.

WATER TUNNELS.

From my geological report in January, 1894, I quote this amusing bit
of tunnel history :

" In 1882 Judge B. S. Eaton tunneled into the basin rim at his place on
the South Pasadena bluff and obtained a good flow of water. Then David
Raab run a tunnel on his land farther east and lower down than Eaton's,
and got a flow of water ; but, lo ! Eaton's tunnel went dry. Raab then
sold this part of his land to Mr. Ivightfoot and made another tunnel for
himself farther east and a little lower down, with the result that he obtained
water but Eightfoot's tunnel went dry. Next, H. D. Bacon made a tunnel
on his land, farther east and lower down than Raab's, and got a good supply
of water, but Raab's tunnel went dry. And the Bacon tunnel remains yet,
being the one now owned by the Raymond Improvement Co. These
four successive tunnels all tapped the basin rim, the last one, however, being
lowest down and nearest the flowage bed of this local basin's natural storm-
wash outlet — the depression or gully which rises west of Grace Hill, cuts
across Columbia street, and debouches near Fair Oaks station on the Eos
Angeles Terminal railroad. For convenience I designate it as the "West
Basin gully."

The Valley Union of June 4, 1886, published a report which I made of
a great tunnel undertaking then in progress at the foot of Dry canyon, and
for its historic interest I here quote it :

" Pasadena has the longest water tunnel in Eos Angeles county. This
tunnel is in the wash that forms the outlet from three water-bearing canj'ons,
Eas Flores, Rubio, and Dry canyon, but there is no flowing water in the
wash except occasionally during the rainy season. More than a 3^ear ago a
prospecting shaft was dug by Dolben and Watkins, forty feet deep, which
yielded five feet of water and kept to that depth all summer. They then
went about 1950 feet down the wash and started the tunnel, in Jul3^ 1885, at
a level 120 feet lower than the bottom of their prospect shaft. The work
has gone steadily forward since that time, and the tunnel is now in about
1050 feet from its mouth, in a line so straight that a man at the inner end
with a good rifle could shoot a rabbit outside. The passage is three feet
wide at base, and twenty inches at top, and five and a half feet high clear
space inside of arch posts. Three air shafts have already Vjeen dug to con-
nect with the tunnel from the surface ; but the first one has been passed and
closed ; the second one is now in use both for ventilation and to hoist out

DIVISION EIGHT — SGIENCE. 573

debris ; the third one has not been brought into use yet, but will be entered
in a week or so by tunnelers, who will work from its bottom both ways, one
gang excavating toward the prospect shaft, and the other gang toward a
junction with the passage already made ; and it is calculated that two more
air-shafts will be necessary before they reach their water limit. The whole
passage has been made through a bed of boulders, sand and gravel, with a
little yellow clay mixed in, and many of the boulders are so large that they
cannot be got out at all but must be drilled and blasted in order to clear a
passage. The theory of this great enterprise is, that at or near their pros-
pect shaft they will strike the sloping bed-rock of the mountain base, and
thus undertap the percolation of the whole water-bearing stratum above the
bed of the tunnel, which will be i6o feet below the surface at that point.
The prospect shaft already penetrates five feet of the water-bearing stratum,
and how much thicker that stratum is can only be determined by the
philosophy of pick and drill. If they meet the bed-rock as anticipated, then
they have right-of-way to cross-cut for several hundred feet both east and
west, thus making lateral catch basins that wnll turn flowing streams into
the outlet tvmnel from both ways. The whole scheme is a gigantic experi-
ment, based on a few known facts, and some unproved theories that look
very plausible. But it costs a mint of money and a vast deal of pluck to
make such a bold problemetical venture ; and it is to be hoped that it will
prove even a greater success than the projectors have reckoned on. The
famous Bacon ranch tunnel, near where the S. G. V. railroad crosses Fair
Oaks Avenue in South Pasadena, is 675 feet long, but this new one will be
more than four times as long, counting its lateral feeders. ' '

Sad to saj^ this great enterprise proved an entire failure ; and the 3,000
feet tunnel lies there, dry and worthless, to rivet and clinch the name of
"Dry canyon."

There are seven or eight tunnels connected with the Rubio canyon and
Echo Mountain water supply. Two, I think, in Pine canyon, four in L,as
Flores canyon, and others in Eaton canyon, Millard canyon, and in banks
of the Arroyo Seco and its tributaries ; also at Einda Vista, and Henniger's
flat, etc. — besides those in the Glacial Terrace — a total of about fifty water
tunnels within Pasadenaland in 1S94. Some of these are further mentioned
in connection with history' of the water companies to which the}' belong.

October 10, 1891, a Board of Trade committee consisting of J. A. Bu-
chanan, J. W. Scoville, A. J. Painter and James Craig made a report on
Pasadena's water supply, from which I quote this passage, as printed in the
weekly Star of October 14 :

" From the state engineer's report it is ascertained that the water avail-
able for use in this vicinity, estimated for the dry season of dry 3'ears, is as
follows :

Sheep Corral springs 60 miner's inches

Ivy, Thibbets, and Flutter wheel springs 100 miner's inches

Painter's system 10 miner's inches

Millard canyon 7 miner's inches

Eas Flores canyon 10 miner's inches

Rubio canyon 15 miner's inches

Eaton cauA^on 40 miner's inches

Total 244 miner's inches

A miner's inch of water is equal to a flow of nine gallons per minute.
[See page 414; and foot note, page 421.]

574 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

GLACIAL TERRACE.
The following correspondence will briefly explain what local points and
features are comprehended under this general term, and why :

Office Pasadena History Co.,

Pasadena, Cal., August 21, 1894.
Prof. A. J. McClatchie, Botanist Throop Polytechnic histitiite :

Dear Sir — Answering your inquir)' as to local names of certain points
rich in native flora, I respectfully submit the following : That peculiar and
characteristic range of water-bearing bluffs from Raymond Hill eastward to
San Marino, I have, for geological reasons, designated as the "Glacial Ter-
race ' ' group of spring brooks and canyons. It comprises Raymond creek
and canyon, [formerly called in Spanish, Arroyo San Pasqual]; Los Robles
brook and canyon, bordering Mr. J. E. Jardine's place ; Oak Knoll brook
and canyon, which joins Los Robles brook at Willowdale and forms the
"Mill Spring Creek" of the Mission Fathers; Mill Creek and canyon,
which rises at the foot of Lake Avenue and runs directly down to Wilson
lake, but its waters were also led by a ditch into their old stone mill by the
Mission Fathers ; Wilson's canyon, which rises at the foot of Wilson
Avenue and runs down to B. D. Wilson's old original Lake Vineyard ranch
barns and house, now known as the Patton place — this being the one where
the Biology department of the Throop Polytechnic Institute has chiefly pro-
cured fresh frogs for dissection and microscopic study ; Mission canyon, (also
called "Wild Grape canyon") the longest and largest one of the series,
famed for the abundance and fine quality of its wild grapes ; and San
Marino canyon, bordering San Marino ranch, Hon. J. De Barth Shorb's ele-
gant residence grounds. vSeven distinct water-way canyons, besides some
unnamed tributary brooklets, all within a space of two miles ; and I suppose
the native flora of this entire series or group of spring streams is substan-
tially the same. Yours very truly, H. A. Reid.

To Prof. McClatchie : The above having been submitted to me, If
will say, that from my knowledge of glacial phenomena, and my observa-
tions in the region referred to, I consider "Glacial Terrace " an appropriate
name to indicate the character of the geological formations found there, and
also a fitting and convenient local designation for that peculiar range of bluffs
taken as a whole. Respectfully, J. B. French.

I should here explain further, that the Glacial Terrace really commences
at Columbia Hill, and extends eastward clear to the outwash of Eaton can-
yon, beyond Lamanda Park ; and the "West Basin gully" from the Col-
umbia street water-shed, and " Craig Avenue swale " on the eastern border
of Pasadena territory, are both outlets of our geological basin, yet are not
large enough to be rated as canyons — while the first named one does not
produce a spring brook, and the last named produces its brook or creek be-
yond our Pasadena territory. These are the reasons why they were not
named in the above document. Prof. McClatchie wished to know the his-
toric names and associations of these densely-verdured water-bearing can-
yons— for sometimes botanical specimens were found in one canyon which
did not occur in others.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 575

CHAPTER XXXI.

Zoology. — Prof. Holder's Account and List of our Native Mammals ; also of Extinct
Animals. — ^Joseph Grinnell's Account and List of Birds. — Will H. Wakeley's Speci-
mens.— The Editor's own account of Reptiles and Insects.

NATIVE MAMMALS OF PASADENALAND.

In 1886 Prof. C. F. Holder, LL. D., was engaged by the Board of
Trade to furnish literary and scientific articles to eastern and northern news-
papers, on such matters in and about Pasadena as he could utilize, and thus
bring this city extensively before the reading public abroad.* The Union
of October 30 published a list of his writings under this engagement, which
numbered a total at that time of eighty-four articles furnished by him to the
press of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and various New
England cities. He also made contributions to the local press of Pasadena
and Los Angeles up to 1889. Among these writings are his descriptions
of the native animals here ; and from these I make the following extracts :

From '■ L.iiid of Sunslii
JACK RABBIT ON THE JUMP.

The Jack Rabbit, which is properly a hare, and is known to science
as Lepiis Californicus. The hares never burrow, forming nests upon the
surface in the grass and there rearing their young, while the cotton tail
forms a deep burrow, after the fashion of all rabbits. The hare of New
Mexico, Arizona and Texas, also called the "Jack Rabbit," is a diflferent
species, <yL. Callotis,') though to the casual observer there is little difference.

Kangaroo Rat. — One evening at Las Casitas, near Pasadena, I saw
in the dim light a curious object hopping along, which I found to be one of
the queer jumping mice, so called, an animal known scientifically as Dipo-

For list of Prof. Holder's published volumes, see page 224.

-576 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

domys. It was a most attractive creature, almost as large as a small rat, of
beautiful fawn color, with white beneath, a long tufted tail with a white
stripe on the side, large expressive eyes, and long powerful legs for leaping.
It looked like a miniature kangaroo, and my captive had a pouch, — two, in
fact, one each side of the jaw. The little creature had been feeding and its
pouches were filled with very small seeds which it was storing up to eat at
leisure. It hopped along nearly like a kangaroo, sitting up when alarmed,
then leaping a foot or more, using its short fore feet to aid in the motion,
in its general appearance carrying out its popular name of kangaroo rat. ^
The form common about Pasadena is Dipodomys PhilHpsi.

Gopher. — Few in California but are familiar with the gopher {^eomys)
and have not watched with amazement gallons of valuable water disappear
in the holes of these tyrants of the garden. The gopher tunnels in every
direction, and the entire upper surface of the valley, especially the cultiva-
ted portion, is permeated with a maze of their making. Like the kangaroo
rat, they have two pouches, one on each side of the mouth, and so large
that two fingers can be pressed into them. The earth is pushed up out of
the hole by the feet and breast of the animal, but the chief use of the pouch
is to store up food, which is eaten at leisure in the burrow. The gopher is
very sly and cunning, and rarely ventures out if any one is near. The nest
of the gopher is in a room near the surface, and the young, queer little
fellows, are often throv/n out by the plow. The long burrows are made in
excursions for choice roots, and perhaps for social and various purposes.
[This creature is also called " pouched rat." — Edr.]

Tree Rat. — The stroller in the canyons often sees bunches of leaves
and twigs, bound together so tightly that it is sometimes difficult to tear
them apart. Frequently they are in trees, again are in bushes near the
ground. [Two different species. (?)] Coming suddenly upon one, you may
see a little creature darting away, resembling a rat. It is possibly the dusky-
footed wood rat {^Neotoma fuscipes), and the bunch of leaves is its nest,
which, being above the surface of the ground, gives rise to the saying that
California rats live in trees. One opened by me in a branch of the Arroyo
Seco, after considerable labor, showed much method in its structure. The
nest was at least three feet high, resting between the limbs of a tree, touch-
ing the ground ; the upper twelve inches was made up of leaves and refuse
packed together so closely that it formed a perfectly water-tight roof ; then
came a large room filled with at least an armful of plant fiber and other soft
material, all of the consistence of cotton, as dry and warm as could be de-
sired. This was the nest, the sleeping room and the nursery en the young.
This rested on a flooring of leaves, and beneath was a store-room containing
at least two quarts of large acorns, among which I noticed several corn cobs,
evidently taken from a house .some distance away. The entire nest was per-
meated by four or five passages, there being at least three exterior doors,
while a lower or cellar door led into a burrow in the ground, which, in turn,
had another opening fifteen feet away. This nest, I think, was unusual, as
many more opened failed to show the .system and good arrangement dis-

*Van Dyke calls this animal the '•jumping mouse or jerboa, often called kangaroo mouse." He
al'o mentions four other varieties of mice found here, to wit : A long-tailed ground mouse, a short-
tailed ground mouse, a tree mouse, and a desert mouse, somewhat squirrel-like in appearance and mo-
tion, as it runs with great speed and occasional high jumps ; it lives mostly in clumps or patches of
the prickly pear cactus. These five varieties of mice he classifies entirely separate from the rats.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 577

played by this wood rat of the Arroyo Seco.* While they are extremely
timid, they take the most remarkable liberties around human habitations at
night. In one case they removed some seeds from a box and placed them
on a table, so that the owner began to grow superstitious about the singular
changes that took place in the night. In another case a wood rat took corn
from a bag and half filled the boot leg of a teamster before morning.

Squirrels. — Of the squirrels, we have the beautiful gray form with
fox-like tail, of the upper range, found clinging to the sycamore and other
trees, in the canyons ; and the degenerate ground-squirrel of every vacant
lot — nature's plow-man, upturning the earth, admitting air and water, so
possibly doing some good. This creature, with its voice like the clink of a
blaster's hammer, is found everywhere in the vicinity of man's habitation,
and is a purely ground form, rarely ascending trees more than eight or ten
feet. Some people esteem it a table delicacy, and it probably constituted a
prominent feature of the Indian diet in olden times. f There is also a small
squirrel {^Spermcphilus spilosomd) occasionally seen, resembling the chip-
munk of the East.

Speaking of the squirrels of Southern California, Van Dyke says :
"Above an elevation of 4,000 feet is a gray squirrel, apparently the
same as the one found East, though its habits and bark are quite different
from those of the latter. At five or six thousand feet is found a thick-set,
bob-tailed, striped sided chip munk, about twice the size of the eastern
chip munk. It climbs but little, living in the ground and in holes in the
rocks and fallen trees. At about the same elevation is sometimes found a
squirrel of about the same size, build, and activity as the red squirrel of the
East, but of a dull gray color. But the most common squirrel is the ground-
squirrel, found mainly in the lowlands, generally in open ground, and dis-
appearing at five or six thousand feet, or in very heavy timber. It is about
the size of the gray squirrel, but built a trifle heavier behind. Its color is
a dirty gray, lightly mottled. Its tail is neither so long, nor so heavily clad
with hair as that of the gray squirrel. * * These ground squirrels,
with the whole rat, mouse, gopher and hare tribe, can live without water.
A dry winter, however, stops their increase, as it does that of the bees,
hares, and valley quails. They seem to know there will be a scarcity of
food. In such years no young are seen, and in the latter part of the season
even the old ones disappear, becoming dormant, and awaiting in their holes
the rains of the next winter. ' '

Mole. — I have seen only one species of the mole here, but in all proba-
bility there are several. Their upturned ridges may often be seen after a
rain, when they forage for the worms which constitute their chief food. The

*Van Dyke gives three species or varieties of native rat, to wit : The laree wood rat, which
builds both above and below ground at foot of tree or bush, as Prof. Holder has fully described ; but
also a smaller one which builds its nests well up in trees. Over eleven years ago I saw some of these
in Wilson canyon that were tvventy five feet or more above ground. A third variety that lives entirely
underground, and makes no nest above.

tlwith others, both ladies and gentlemen, tried ground-squirrel meat, both stewed and fried,
while camping on Wilson's peak, and found it really more tender, juicy and palatable than the timber
squirrel, of which latter we had plenty, also. Yet I had always been told by the old settlers that these
ground squrrels were not fit to eat — that they had a ratty quality and tasted of the ground, etc., — all of
which was purely imaginary. Early in 1893 a curious ground squirrel was caught at Eagle Rock val-
ley and brought to W. H. Wakeley, the taxidermist of Pasadena, who secured and mounted the specimen
as a rare lusus naturae. The right upper incisor had grown and curved inward until it formed a complete
circle and came out at the top of the skull through the middle partition ; while the left incisor made a
similar curve, 2J4 inches long, but veered sideways so that it turned up outside of the mouth. The
tushes of the lower jaw were % inch long. I saw the specimen and measured it myself at Wakeley's
Novelty Works, in June, 1894. — Edr.

37

578 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

e3^e ol the mole has, from disuse, degenerated to some extent, but it is by no
means useless, as is generally supposed. Moles should not be destroyed, as
they annually kill vast numbers of insects injurious to vegetation. It has
been estimated that a single mole will destroy 20,000 insects in a year.

Of the animals referred to above, the squirrels, rabbits, rats, kangaroo
rat, and gopher belong to the order of Rodents, or gnawing animals. The
Mole and its allies belong to another group, the Insectivora.

Bats. — We have about Pasadena several species, but perhaps the most
' interesting and conspicuous form is a long-eared bat, Macrotus Calif ornicus,
with an expanse of wing of nearly eighteen inches, a long head, and
prominent almond-shaped ears. My first acquaintance with this little
creature was in the mountains. I was awakened by what I thought was a
draught blowing over my face. Again it came — a soft breeze lasting for a
second, and I realized that a large bat was flying around the room. The
bats here have the advantage of those farther north. The latter hibernate
or go into winter quarters in November and lie dormant until the return of
insect life in the spring. During this time they eat nothing, and nearly all
the functions of life are at a standstill ; the Pasadena bats, on the contrary,
living in an exceptional climate, enjoy life at night all the year round.

A small bat {scotophiliis hesperus) with an expanse of about seven
inches, is common here, while vespertilo nitidus is another small form. All
these are insect eaters, living on the nocturnal insects. During the daytime
the bats creep into dark places — chimneys, holes in trees, old roofs, caves
and crevices in the rocks.

Civet Cat. — One of the most attractive of the carnivora about Pasa-
dena is the little animal known as the civet cat, " Pacific cat, " and other
names, and to the Mexicans as " Caca-mixtli " or rush cat. To science it is
Dassaris, the species being known as astuta and stunichra ti, and is the
American representative of the Nas7ia, and closely allied to the coon. It
looks not unlike a cat, but has large ears and a fine, long, many-ringed tail.
The little animal is nocturnal in its habits and gives little or no evidence of
its agility during the day, but at night is Hterally as playful as a kitten. It
feeds upon birds and small animals, and has been a puzzle to systematists,
who yet dispute as to its proper place in the scale of life.

Note. — This so-called "civet cat" is such an exceptional little animal,
being unknown in the Eastern States, that I will give more space to its con-
sideration. The following article from the Los Angeles Times has a local
historic interest, and at the same time illustrates what Prof. Holder says
about the animal being " a puzzle to systematists :"

Pasadena, Aug. 31, 1893.— (To the editor of The Times.') There is
a question of ' ' civet-cat or coon ' ' (?) at Hotel Rubio, the solution of which
will be of interest to all lovers of beautiful wild animals. For a week or
more some very cunning wild animal had been depredating the pantry, and
especially feasting on fresh fruits kept in store. But on Monday night it was
caught unhurt in a box trap, and put into a large wire cage for exhibition.
It is one of the prettiest wild animals known in California zoology. Dr.
Reid of Pasadena pronounced it a California coon, but others present .said
Thaddeus Lowe, Jr., had told them it was a civet-cat. Thus the local
doctors of zoology differed, and, as usual, some sided with one and some
with the other. The fact is, however, that both gentlemen were a little

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 579

right, and both a little wrong. Prof. Tenney in his work on zoology calls it
"civet-cat — Bassarzs as^2( fa," Sind rem.a.r'ks : "Animals somewhat raccoon-
like in form. One species is found from Texas to California, and is about
the size of the domestic cat, but more slender ; its color above is brownish
yellow mixed with gray beneath ; the tail is white and has six or eight
black rings. It is arboreal, easily tamed, and a favorite pet with the
miners."

But now the Century Encyclopedia pictures the same animal and calls
it "Ring-tailed Bassaris," with this remark in the descriptive text : "Re-
sembling the raccoon in some respects, but slenderer. * ^ Most nearly
related to the raccoons {Procyonidae), having some superficial resemblance
to the civets and genets."

Thus it will be seen how easily Dr. Reid and Mr. Lowe might differ in
naming the animal, and yet both be right. The pretty creature really
seems to combine in itself characteristics of the fox, the raccoon, and the
lemur, with feline qualities least of all. It has been called locally in Cali-
fornia by such names as California coon, mountain coon, coon-cat, and civet-
cat, 5^et it is not a " cat " at all, either in face, skull, feet or preferred diet ;
and it is such a pretty and harmless creature that Prof. Lowe ought not to
allow them to be killed within the bounds of his great mountain electric
railway and bridle-road circuits. One Who Has Been There.

Prof. Holder speaks of it as being ' ' the American representative of the
Nasua [Coati].* And Nicholson's Zoology says they "present a singularly
close resemblance to the lemurs of the old world, and appear to be their
representatives in the western hemisphere. * * They are in some respects
intermediate between the raccoons and the civets."

Raccoon. — The black-footed raccoon {Procyon hernandezii) is our
neighbor, and that he is too neighborly sundry chicken owners can testify,
while Mr. Rosenbaum tells me that they venture up to his pond or aquarium
and have occasional nightly feasts upon his large carp. They hide during
the day in the underbrush of the Arroyo, sallying out at night seeking
whom they may devour. The Arroyo raccoons are famous fighters, and one
that Mr. Bandini's hounds cornered seized one of the dogs by the claw,
clinging like a bulldog, though beset by the entire pack, and only relin-
quished its hold when shot through the head by Mr. Bandini.

Skunk. — One of the most attractive of Pasadena animals is the striped
little skunk. We have two species: One as large as a cat {Mephitis occi-
dentales), which I have occasionally met in the bush, and a smaller one
about as large as a weasel though much stouter, the little striped skunk
{Spilogale putorius). The latter is a most beautiful and attractive creature.
A gentleman in this city told me that for a long time the family was aston-
ished at singular noises in the house, as if some one was running about
overhead, scampering, falling and sliding. A sudden rush would be made
for the room and nothing found. Finally, one of the ladies crept up stairs
one night and opening the door softly, found the culprit — a striped skunk.
The little fellow had a rubber ball and was playing with it, chasing it about
and rolling over and over like a cat. How it got in was a mystery. A
friend of the writer, in Los Angeles, caught three of these creatures in his

' Nasuinae — a sub-family of /Vort'ow/rfaf / coaiis. Nasua." — Standard Dictionary, 18

580 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

house in the heart of the city. They do no harm (if not disturbed) and
undoubtedly drive out the rats and mice. Many farmers in the valley keep
them in their barns for this purpose.

Badger. — In strolling over the country one occasionally comes upon
this curious flat animal, strongly marked with black and white. It is so
very flat that it is easily overlooked, and might readily be taken for a rock.
The American badger {Taxidea Americana) has a wide range, all over the
middle and northern portion of the continent, and is particularly common
here. It is terrestial and fassorial in its habits, a clumsy creature, with an
enormous development of claws, enabling it to dig and burrow at an aston-
ishing rate. The badger lives on small animals of various kinds, but is not
averse to varying its diet when the former are scarce. It devours every-
thing, from a wasp's nest to a snake, when pressed. The nest is the bur-
row, where from four to six young are brought out in the spring. The
badger has no enemies here except man, and as there is little or no demand
for their skins, they are increasing rapidly. One of the oldest sports in
Europe is badger baiting, the animal making a fierce fight. The Pasadena
animal when cornered will make a good fight, and easily escape from an un-
armed man.

Weasel. — Often in riding or walking along in the low brush I have
startled a long, slender, snake-like little creature, which darts away with re"
markable velocity, filling the air with a pungent odor, disagreeable to the
dogs. It is the weasel {Putorius), a reddish chestnut brown above, and
lighter beneath. It preys upon small animals of various kinds, and is very
pugnacious. Hawks sometimes pounce down upon it, realizing too late
their mistake, the weasel fastening its sharp teeth in the throat, and finally
becoming the victor though carried a long distance from home. The weasel
burrows, forming a small inconspicuous hole. The ferret belongs to this
group, and a number have been introduced on the San Rafael ranch to drive
out the squirrels. Two, possibly three, species of weasels are found in this
vicinity.

Note. — These weasels are called Micstela by our Spanish-speaking citi-
zens. Mr. Arturo Bandini relates that in July, 1889, he witnessed in Wil-
son canyon a fight between a weasel and a red racer. The weasel had
seized the snake by the back of its neck, so that it could not bite him, and
held his grip in spite of the snake's frantic endeavors to whip, or whisk or
shake him off. Finally, it coiled itself around and around the weasel's
body, and tried to squeeze it to death ; meanwhile he could hear the gritting
noise of the weasel's teeth in action, then presently there was a sort of
click or snapping noise, and the snake, making one convulsive flop, fell
over limp and dead. The weasel had gnawed away till he had completely
bitten through and severed its backbone at the neck. — Ed.

Mountain Eion. — One of the finest animals, as regards general appear-
ance and bearing, found in this vicinity, is the mountain lion. Its wide
geographical range lends it an additional interest, it being found from the
Straits of Magellan to Canada, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific on both
continents. In the eastern states, especially New York, it is the panther —
the old Adirondack guides in telling me stories of its prowess, calling it the
"painter." In New England it is the catamount; in Florida, the cougar ;

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 581

in South America, the puma, carcajou, or quinquajou. It varies but little in
appearance in all these localities, when in good condition being a fine-look-
ing cat, resembling to some extent the female Asiatic lion, and well de-
serving the name, Leoji del Monte, that is given it in Southern California. It
is the largest cat in North America proper, a formidable animal when cor-
nered, and in many localities a menace to the farmer. Many stories are
told of its ferocity in attacking man, but after much investigation I never
could learn of but one instance where it had deliberately attacked a human
being. A typical mountain lion stands about two feet at the shoulder, often
more ; is from five feet to five feet six from the snout to the root of the tail,
and weighs one hundred and fifty pounds. Its color is like that of the lion,
a reddish hue, light below ; its movements leonine, or cat-like. In compar-
ing it to the cat tribe in general, the head is seen to be smaller in proportion
to the body than others, except the leopard. The fact that this animal has
such a wide geographical range has given rise to the belief that there are
several species, but Felis concolor is the one found so extensively over North
and South America. In Northern California it attains its greatest perfec-
tion, and the Indians believe that it makes a successful fight against the
grizzly, and when pressed by hunger is known to be extremely savage. In
this southern section of the state it is generally confined to the mountains,
and is sometimes met on the trails. One was killed near the sheep corral
south of the Raymond last year, Mr. H. N. Rust securing the skin. At
least two were killed on the Wilson trail ; and one visited the town of San
Gabriel this last winter [i 888-1 889] and was followed several days by the
tracks.

lyYNX. — Others of the cat tribe in this vicinity are at least two var-
ieties of the lynx ; one which we know as the wild cat, though properly a
lynx {Ly7ix maculatus) , and another larger form occasionally killed by Mr.
Bandini. The common lynx caught here in the wild-cat hunts is the
former, the "Gato monte " of the Mexicans and Spaniards, the " No-me "
of the Yuma Indians, and "Chimbi" of other Indians of this state. A
typical specimen in the possession of the writer, obtained through the
courtesy of Mr. Arturo Bandini, measures two feet seven inches from the
tip of the tail to the nose ; the tail being five inches in length. Bandini,
who probably kills more of these animals in the course of the year than any
one on the coast, has seen larger ones. The lynx varies so in color in dif-
ferent parts of the country that it is difl&cult to determine the species.
Mivart includes all our species under one head. Lynx borealis, but any one
who has seen our Pasadena lynx or wild cat and a Canada lynx side by side
would notice a decided external difference. The lynx that attacked Mr.
Bandini some months ago, was in all probability what is recognized by nat-
uralists as the Red lynx (^Felix fupa), while our ordinary wild cat is the
spotted lynx {Ly?tx niaculatd). The lynx or wild cat is extremely common
here, making its home in the greasewood brush and in the canyons. It
preys upon small animals of all kinds, and does not hesitate to enter the
hen-house, and when cornered will attack man or beast. The lynx encoun-
tered by Mr. Bandini sprang at his throat with great ferocity, ripping his
clothes with its sharp claws, and ultimately escaping. When followed by
hounds here, the cat takes to a tall tree, usually a sycamore, and will, when
pushed, leap from fifty to sixty feet down, landing perhaps on its springy
cushions, and dashing away from the hounds with remarkable speed, to be
treed again, and ultimately die in a desperate encounter with the dogs. The

582

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

spotted lyiix about Pasadena has, if taken at the right time, a fine skin,
making an attractive rug. Mr. Bandini has the finest collection of these
skins probably in the country, all taken by his fox hounds, either in
the Arroyo or Wilson's pasture near his home.*

Fox. — As I write I have a gray fox, from mountains back of Pasa-
dena, by my side, growling an audible protest at the writing-up process. It
is the California representative of the gray fox ; a creature about twenty-two
inches long from the nose to the root of the tail, the latter being about fif-
teen inches in length — a fine brush with a distinct black line upon the up-
per surface. It is very timid, yet can be trained, and eats out of my hand.
It is a remarkable climber, jumping into an orange tree and ascending to
the top with all the ease of a cat, and then biting off the branches to make
a comfortable place to rest. In hunting this fox in the Arroyo with the
hounds, it often misleads the dogs by leaping into a tree and by jumping
from limb to limb and passing over the masses of vines, making its escape.
The fox in my possession is a most expert climber, and will balance himself
upon a narrow plank-edge with all the skill of a cat, and is a most interest-
ing little creature. Mr. Charles Winston owns one that is so tame that it
plays with the dog, and seems to be thoroughly domesticated. f

A YOUNG COYOTE-PHOTO FROM LIFE.

' Land of Sunshine, October, 1895.

vr^Ttil 'tV.'j^w t* ^rtjstically successful and perfect portrait of our native coyote [pronounced
.'.Wno^ioi^ . J^, r cf? obtained. The subtlety of character-expression in that sly, waggish
untenance IS a study for ShakesDeare or nirWpns ■'' ^^

tion of Tynrskin's" i'f|-desiroyed then^"" '"' ""^'^^'^ ^°' '"^° ^''- ^^"^"'''^ "'^ ^^'^ ^'"^^'^ -"-

^t-^t^JlVA }?J^^^artlf.; .!^.V'^ J"';l'^?^i'" abundant, though smaller than the red fox of the Atlantic
bv ^,^nh ,hffPrtn,^n«^„^^= o think there IS but the one variety or species here, although it is called

Xeauinri Ed ' '°^' '-'°^'*' f«^- ^i'ver-gray fox, red fox, etc. all referring to the

DIVISION :eiGHT — SCIENCE^. 583

Coyote. — The coyote {canis latrans) is to America what the jackal is
to the old world, a sly, predatory, lowland wolf, hunting either singly or in
bands, fleet of focJt, hard to kill, the familiar of every portion of the western
country. During the day the coyote remains in the canyons, in the Arroyo
and the main range, but as soon as night sets in, their demoniac laughing-
bark can be heard, setting the dogs in the neighborhood wild. Knowing
that it can outrun the average dog, the coyote strolls up into the town, trots
down Orange Grove Avenue and through the orange groves, after plunder.
They venture into the very heart of the town, being seen on Marengo
Avenue and in various localities thickly settled. As morning approaches,
they start for the Arroyo and the foot-hills. I have seen them lying on the
slopes of the high hills south of Ramona during the day, and their wonder-
ful speed has often tested the powers of Mr. Shorb's fine gray and stag
hounds. In one run, the coyote was followed from the top of the range at
least a mile and a half before it was caught, and then made a most savage
fight, wounding every dog in the pack, and badly injuring the best dog.
The coyote will rarely attack a larger animal than itself, but when caught
or cornered it makes a valiant fight. The coyote burrows on the hill sides,
forming a subterranean nest, where its young are produced. It preys upon
various small animals, and is a veritable scavenger, eating anything it can
find or steal. The coyote belongs to the same genus as the common dog,
and the difference between the skulls of the two is very slight.* They are
readily tamed, and Mr. Bandini informs me that he had one which ran with
a pack of hounds unmolested.

Mountain Deer. — In wandering in the
low brush of our hill sides, or the deep, well-
wooded canyons of the upper range, the stroller
often sees for a fleeting moment a vision of long,
pointed ears, bright, lustrous eyes, then a crash
is heard, and the black-tailed deer is away, find-
ing its way through the seemingly impenetrable
scrub with remarkable ease and celerity. This \ <^ '^'-''" 01 d deer

i'i.ii i /■ /^ /^ 1 L- \ • '^".*'p<»«i« trail in Mil,

little creature (C<?rz^z<i' Co/umoian?is) is very com- fr^^ \ ' lard can-

mon among our hills and mountains. The black- #^W' ^< y°*^' above

tailed deer may be considered a purely mountain f;^'I ^ theoiddings
form, loving the thickly-wooded slopes, and the ;. * ,■- f^''™-

lofty ridges of the upper range. It equals the

Virginia deer in size, often exceeding it, and has an entirely different
antler arrangement, the horns being what is known as doubly
dichotomous, or arranged in double pairs. It is stouter than the
Virginia deer, and is not so fleet. The rutting season is usually in Septem-
ber, the horns being cast in March, and perfect again in August. The
young number one or two, and are attractive little creatures, spotted like
the young of many of the tribe. The black-tailed deer is easily distinguish-
able from the mule deer by its smaller size, its jet-black tail, and the dusky
horse-shoe mark on the forehead.

Mule Deer. — The mule deer {Cariacus inacrotis) undoubtedly ranges the
whole Sierra series, and Judge Katon has in recent years described a variety

*The coyote is altaost identical with the wild dogs of Assj^ria and Palestine spoken of so frequently
in the Bible, and with the Dingo or wild dog of Australia. The aborigines of our Santa Barbara islands
had domesticated it. Chas. F. Lummis writes : " Coyote is one of the Aztec words adopted into Span-
ish. . . Its original form was coyotl.'"

584 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

of this species from the Southern Cahforuia mountains. The mule deer is
more commonly found in the mountains of the north, and is, next to the
elk, the largest American deer. It is a particularly ungraceful creature ;
its stocky form and long ears calling to mind the animal from which it
derives its name. Its color is ashy brown, assuming a grayish hue in
winter ; the legs are yellowish, while down the back there is a distinct black
stripe. The ears are eight inches long and very conspicuous ; the buttocks
white and the glands of the hind legs large. As might be supposed, the
animal is slower than the black-tailed deer. The rutting season is in
October, the horns being cast in March. The young, generally one, is of
a pale yellowish tint with white spots. Like the black-tailed deer, it is a
mountain form, rarely being found in low country away from the locality of
its choice.

Antelope. — While the antelope and big-horn are not found in the San
Gabriel valley, the big-horn sheep {ovis montand), one of the finest game
animals in the world, has been shot in sight of Pasadena ; two specimens
were taken upon the slopes of Old Baldy last season [1888], Mr. Carr having
the head of one. The big-horn is the ally of the wild sheep of Asia Minor.
Several parties have been made up in Pasadena to follow the antelope or
prong-horn, the last being organized by Dr. Rowland ; the sport of chasing
the nimble animals at full speed and shooting them on the dead run being
described as very exciting. The prong-horn {antelocapra Americayia) is the
only antelope in America and is undoubtedly as swift as many of the African
forms. In former years it was found in this country in vast herds, but the
advance of lot stakes has had the usual result, and they are becoming rarer
every year. Their range may be said to be from Mexico to 53 degrees
north latitude and east to the Missouri river. The prong-horn is a dainty
little creature, about four feet six inches in length and two feet six at the
withers The general color is yellowish brown in the upper portion and
white below — the buttocks pure white, the male and female being marked
about the same. The eyes are large, lustrous, and expressive, and are
placed immediately underneath the horns.

Bears. — Nearly all the old hunters insist that there are four or five
kinds of bears found in the western country — the grizzly, black, brown,
and cinnamon. The differences are mainly in color, and systematists recog-
nize but two kinds in the west {lusus horribilis), and the black bear {urs7is
Americanus), the others being considered mere varieties, and so judged
from a careful comparison of skeletons. I believe the last grizzly shot in
the vicinity of Pasadena was shot by Mr. E. W. Giddings, on his ranch at
the mouth of Millard canyon. [See page 129.] The grizzly is one of the
most formidable of all animals. It attains a length of nine feet and a
weight of over 1800 pounds. Its long, gouge-shaped claws, its sharp, pow-
erful tusks, and tremendous gripping power make it an adversary to be
dreaded. The black bear is naturally a vegetarian, though they vary their diet
according to the supply. In the fall they are usually fat, and in cold
climates go into what is termed a state of hibernation. In this country
the bears in all probability do not hibernate, though it is possible they pass
through a partial hibernation on the high range where snow lies for several
months.

In addition to the foregoing which I have collated from his published
writings, Prof. Holder furnished me in June, 1894, the following complete

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 585

list of our native mammals which he kindly prepared specially for this
volume :

PROF, holder's complete LIST OP OUR NATIVE MAMMALS.
[Notes in brackets by the editor.]

Badger. — Taxidea Americana.

Bats. — VespertiUo lucifugus ; Nitidus ; Evotis ; Plecotus macrotis ;
Atitrozous pallidus ; and several others.

Bears. — Black: Ursus Americanus , — Grizzly: Ursus horribilis ; cinna-
mon : Ursus ci7ine77toneus .

Big-horn. — Ovis montana. Found within a few years on Mount San
Antonio, [Formerly also in the San Gabriel mountains.]

Coyote. — Canis latrans. [Identical with the wild dogs of Assyria,
Samaria and Judea.]

Deer. — Black-tailed: Cariacus Columbiayius ; mule deer (rare); Cari-
acus macrotis. [Abundant in all this region when Spaniards first came here.]

Fox. — Coast fox : Vulpes littoralis. [Also called silver-gray fox, and
mountain fox. Plenty of them at Echo mountain and vicinity.]

Gopher. — California variety : Thomomys bulbivorus (Baird).

Mole. — Scalops aqtiatrhis.

Puma. — Felis concolor. [Mountain lion.]

Porcupine. (?) — Erethizon dorsatum. [Extremely doubtful.]

Raccoon. — Black-footed : Procyon hernandezii.

Raccoon-fox. — Bassaris astuta. [Also called "civet-cat," ring- tailed
bassaris, etc. [See " Civet cat," page .]

Rabbits. —Jack rabbit (hare): Lepus Californicus ; — cotton-tail:
Lepus artemisia. I have Seen two different species of cotton-tails, I am
positive. [Van Dyke describes two species.]

Rats. — Pocket rat: Dipodomys phillipsii — observed at I^as Casitas ; —
wood rat : Neotoma fiiscipes.

Squirrels. — Ground squirrel : Spermophihis Buchezii ; — fox squirrel :
Sciurus fossa ; — chipmunk : Tamias Harrisii. [I think there is also a gray"
timber squirrel found high up in the mountains, but not given in this
list.— Ed.]

Skunks. — Big skunk: Mephitis occidentalis , small spotted skunk:

Spilogale piitorius.

Weasel. — Putoriics. [The ''Mustela " of the Spaniards.]

Wild Cat. — Lynx rufus^ variety maculatus. [Tenney's Zoology calls
Lynx rufus the American wildcat, and this is the one that is called here the
"California lynx," which is really a ferocious beast. But there is also
another variety of wildcat here, which is much more pussy-like in its man-
ners, though sometimes quite large. — Ed.]

Wolf — Gray : Canis occidentalis. [See Coyote above.]

The following I quote further from Prof. Holder's published writings :

ancient animals of pasadenaland.

It will perhaps be a surprise to some readers to learn that not so long
ago (geologically speaking) the elephant was included in the Southern Cali-

586 HISTORY OF PASADE^NA.

fornia fauna — not the elephant of India or Africa, but a prodigious creature,
vast in every sense, taller by several feet than existing forms, weighing a
third more, and armed with gleaming ivory tusks from fourteen to sixteen
feet in length. It browsed upon the herbage of the mountain sides, wan-
dered into the well-wooded glens that led into the range, and roamed over
the vast mesas and by the shores of the lakes, which then were a feature of
California of the South. Picture an elephant a third taller than existing
species, its trunk like the limb of a huge tree, its limbs enormous columns
for support rather than for locomotion, its rough head covered sparsely
with hairs, and protruding from the capacious mouth two massive columns
of ivory, each weighing from three hundred to four hundred pounds, and
some conception of this wonderful elephant may be obtained. In the dif-
ferent geological ages several elephants have inhabited this country — the
mammoth, mastodon, and American elephant. Remains of the two latter
have been found in Southern California, especially those of the mastodon.
The mammoth was a hairy northern form, while the others ranged farther
to the south. The geographical range of this animal has, from specimens
found, been fairly well determined. It roamed over what are now the
States of Texas, Georgia, Mexico, Oregon, Ohio and California, but proba-
bly did not venture north of the Canada line, being adapted for the warmer
climate which existed in the south.

The Tertiary period of geological history is divided into three sections
— Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene, the latter being the time just before the
Age of Man, though some writers believe that human beings existed even
earlier than this. [See Geological chart, page 541.] The American elephant
came upon the scene, as far as we know, in the Pliocene time, and, unaffected
by the changes that resulted in the Quaternary, continued into it.

In the Pliocene time California was inhabited by many animals equally
as strange as the elephant. With it, in droves, were camels, and a huge
rhinoceros, as large if not larger than any found in Africa today. The
tiger now found in India was represented by a huge form. Early man, did
he exist, [see page 528.] could have hunted this tiger not only on the great
elephant already described, but could have rode along the base of the Sierras
on the back of a huge mastodon {Mastodon Mirijjcus). The ancestors of the
' present horse galloped over the plains, the curious Protohippus with three
toes, fine specimens of which in its successive transitions down to the
present horse, can be seen in the Museum at Yale University. The Phocene
period merged into the Quaternary, which was characterized by violent
earthquakes and tippings, especially in high latitudes, and thereby marked
changes of climate occurred, affecting animal Hfe. In the Pliocene times,
Pasadena and all the coast well down the Peninsula of California was under
water, and the waves of the Pacific beat well up to what is now Altadena.
The Puente hills and ranges about Santa Ana were beneath the wave, and
huge sharks and whales fed over what are now Santa Ana, Orange, Tustin,
San Juan, Ramona, etc. The vertebrae of whales are plowed up on moun-
tain slopes all along this region ; and in South Pasadena a deposit contains
myriads of fossil fishes. (?) [See " Fossil Fish Eedge," page 551.]

The Quaternary saw an elevation of the crust along the coast, and the
Pliocene shell beds became dry land, some of the deposits being lifted high
upon the tops of mountains. The lower animals, and many higher ones re-
sembled those of today. This period saw the culmination of mammalian
Hfe and the beginning of its downfall. The American elephant, the masto-
don, and the mammoth, lived then.

DIVISION :ElGHT — SClENCK. 587

OUR NATIVE BIRDS.

Young Joseph Grinnell, son of Dr. Fordyce Grinnell, has won the
reputation of having captured, preserved, labeled and classified more speci-
mens of our native birds than any other person. He seems to have a speci-
men of every species and variety of avian fauna ever found here, all nicely
preserved, and neatly labeled with both its common and its scientific name.
And he furnishes for this volume the following account of them.* [Emend-
ations by the editor in brackets].

The Birds op Pasadena and Vicinity. — A great number of the
birds inhabiting this State are entirely different from those tound in an y
other section of the country. Examples of these are the California vulture
[more commonly called Condor], California jay, California towhee. But
also a large per cent, are either identical or very similar to the birds in the
eastern or central parts. For instance, the mocking-bird, mourning dove,
and turkey vulture are the same as found in the southern states east. The
robins, blue-birds, wrens, pewees, and others show decided differences,
while in general characteristics they are the same. Of course the climate
and topography of California are the main factors in these differences. The
geographical variations of our land are conducive to a wide variety of birds,
thus producing a field for unlimited study.

Quails or Partridges. — The most important game-birds are the
partridges [quails] of which we have two widely-different species. The
California partridges are the ones found in the vicinity of Pasadena and
throughout all the valleys. They are slaty-olive on most of the body, but
the lower part of the breast is mottled with black, yellow, white and
chestnut. The throat is black, bordered with a broad white band. Also a
white stripe passes over the eye and across the forehead. The head is
adorned with a black plume composed of six feathers about an inch long.
This description applies to the male only, the female having none of the
high coloring of the male, and the crest is only about half as long. The
call of the California partridge is very clear and musical, and is usually
composed of three syllables, the accent being on the second, as " 0-hi-o."
This partridge [quail] remains in immense coveys during the fall and winter,
but these disband in the spring and their members pair off to breed. They
are exceedingly fond of grapes, and thousands are shot annually in the
vineyards.

The mountain partridge is found in the higher mountain ranges, and is
seldom seen below an elevation of three thousand feet. It is a much larger
and finer-looking bird than the California partridge. It is of a dark olive
color, except the breast and throat, which are bright chestnut. The breast
and belly are also marbled with black and yellowish-white. The throat-

* Mr. Grinnell's grandiather was the first pastor of the Friends or Quaker church in Pasadena [see
page 484] ; and the young man is now a student in Throop Polytechnic Institute.

588

HISTORY OP PASADENA.

patch is bordered by a
white band. The plume
is black, and composed of
two slender feathers from
three to four inches long.
The two sexes are very
similar in coloration. The
call of the mountain part-
tridge is very loud and
resonant, but not as pleas-
ing as that of the valley
partridge. It is common
on Mount lyOwe and Wil-
son's peak, but is very
hard to hunt on account
of the high brush. The
mountain partridges go in
flocks, and their habits are
similar to those of the
"valley quail," as the
California partridge is
commonly called.

Note.— The quail holds
such an important place

From "Land of Sunshine. " Oct., 1894. „ ».: „ 'Ul^Ar-

CALIFORNIA QUAIL. ^moug our nativc birds

Photo, life size, from one the prize-winner birds at the World's that I qUOtC the follOW-

icago, 1892-93. ^^^ additional account of

it from Van Dyke's " Southern California."— Ed.

"The notes of the valley quail are quite varied; and even the same
bird often varies within five minutes both the tone and accent of every note.
The most common call of this quail is a clear, far-reaching 0-hi-O, repeated
four or five times in quick succession. Often the tone is changed so that it
sounds more like ka-loi-o. Often the accent is shifted from the middle
syllable to the first and last syllables, so that it sounds like tuck-a-hee.
Again the stress is laid so heavily upon the second syllable that the other
syllables are scarcely heard, and the whole sounds like k-woick-iik ; and
again the last syllable is omitted entirely, and the whole becomes a low
k-woick. This is the call of the different members of the flock to each other
when scattered, of the old hen to her chicks, and of the male and female to
each other when separated. Should the winter rain-fall be insufficient to
make an abundance of grass and seeds, this quail does not pair off and
breed, but remains unmated in the large bands in which it has been all
winter,— a curious case of instinct, shown also by the hares, squirrels,
gophers and bees, all of which decline to increase. But after two or three
good seasons in succession, the numbers of the valley quail iu many parts
of Southern California are incredibly great. When the seed of the alfileria

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 5^9

and burr-clover is abundant, this bird is a strict vegetarian. It is a great
ravager of gardens and vineyards ; it will touch almost nothing but grapes,
if it can get them ; and the amount of white grapes a quail can eat in a day
is amazing."

Pigeon. — Of the pigeon family we have two species. The mourning
dove, or, as it is commonly called, the "turtle dove," is the same as the
eastern bird. They are hunted a great deal, and often congregate in flocks
in weed-patches and stubble fields, where they obtain their food. The
mourning dove breeds from January to September. The eggs are sometimes
laid on the ground, but usually the frail nests are built in the bushes and
trees.

The band-tailed pigeon, or as here called the " wild pigeon," is a large
bird — even larger than a tame pigeon. It is most numerous in the winter,
and subsists mainly on acorns, being most abundant where the largest
supply of its food is situated. They usually remain in the mountains, but
when the snow comes low down, or the acorn crop is short, they come to
the oak groves in the valleys. lyarge numbers are sometimes shot around
Santa Anita. The band-tailed pigeon retires to the farther ranges to breed,
though a few have been observed to remain in the vicinity of Oak Knoll as
late as June.

Vulture. — The turkey vulture is the same as the eastern "turkey
buzzard." It is a notorious scavenger, being most common in cattle-raising
regions. About here they are very common, and a landscape is hardly
complete without two or three sailing slowly overhead. They breed in the
hills to the west of Pasadena, and lay two spotted eggs on the ground under
some rock or bush. [See "Buzzard Cliff," page 374.]

The California vulture [or condor] is one of the rarest birds, as it is
seldom seen, and then only in the mountains. It has the general appear-
ance of the turkey vulture, but is very much larger, having a stretch of
nine feet and even more, and a length of four and one-half feet.' It is thus
fully as large as the condor of South America. It is said that fifty years
ago the California condor was very common ; but the cattle-men by poison-
ing carcasses in order to exterminate wild beasts, also killed great numbers
of the vultures, and thus this species became very scarce.

Note. — This monarch of American birds is so rare a creature as to be
worthy of some further notice. In 1888 there was an organization called
the "Pasadena Academy of Sciences," of which Wm. ly. Vail was secre-
tary ; and in reply to some inquiries by him, Prof. C. F. Holder wrote :

" The bird you kindly allowed me to see is a rarity in this section, and
is the largest North American bird. It is known commonly as the California
vulture or condor, and to science as '' PseudogrypJuis Calif orniamis.''' The
bird takes the place in this country of the great condor of the Andes,
and probably rivals it in size, attaining a breadth of wing of ten feet. It
was unknown until the settlement of California, and is now known to range

590 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

from the Colorado river to the Columbia west of the Rocky Mountains, and
curiously enough, does not, as far as known, enter Mexico. The strength
and power of the bird is almost beyond belief. Four adults have been seen
to drag the body of a grizzly weighing over a thousand pounds, two
hundred yards. The California condor possesses many of the characteristics
of its ally of the Andes. It sights its prey from a vast height, and soars,
especially before storms, to great altitudes. Its flight is regular and beauti-
ful, the bird presenting a magnificent appearance when on the wing. The
nest is composed of a few sticks thrown together carelessly. It rarely if
ever attacks living animals. The bird is rare in the San Gabriel valley, and
the present specimen is an unusually fine one, a young male in complete
plumage, and perhaps three or four years old."

In 1878 E. W. Giddings shot one of these birds, and it measured ten
feet three inches from tip to tip of the wings. [See footnote, page 129.] It
is almost identical with the lammergeyer of the Alps, in Europe.

Hawks. — We have seven species of hawks and probably more. All
the larger species are commonly called chicken hawks, and are needlessly
shot as enemies of the poultry yard, while in reality they do a vast amount
of good in destroying mice and squirrels, and should be protected. The
smallest and commonest one is the sparrow hawk. It is abundant every-
where except in town, and breeds in the arroyos. It subsists mainly on
insects and mice, and is consequently very useful.

Eagle. — The golden eagle is the only eagle found here; but down
along the coast the bald eagle is sometimes seen. The golden eagle is com-
mon in the Pasadena mountains, and often comes down to the highlands
and along the foot-hills.

Owi,. — The owl family is represented by eight species. The best
known of these is the barn owl, golden owl, or "monkey-faced owl," as it
is variously termed. Its natural home is in the woods, where it lives in
hollow trees ; but in many instances it has taken up its abode in steeples
and towers. Last year [1893] ^ pair raised a brood in the belfry of the Uni-
versaHst church, and another pair took possession of the Wilson school
tower. The barn owl is a very odd-appearing bird. It has a peculiar habit
of wagging its head from side to side when closely watched. It is often
caged, and makes a curious pet.* Our largest owl is the western horned
owl. They do not stay in holes in trees, but roost in thick foliage or on the
ground in shady places, coming out towards evening. The burrowing owl is
a queer little bird which lives out in the open fields, and which makes its home
in holes in the ground. The dry, level poppy fields above Altadena are
favorite resorts of this owl. There they may be seen standing at the en-
trances to their burrows, or flying low over the ground. If disturbed, they
usually run down the holes, and may then be dug out. They lay their eggs

*Mrs. A. P. Janney on East Union street kept a pet owl for four years. It was so tame that it
stooa on a perch in the open room, like a parrot, and would mnke re.sporsire motions ond noises when
She talked to it. When the Woman's Relief Corps held a Fair in Williams hall, in 1892, this pet owl
was among the curiosities on exhibition.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 59 1

in a chamber hollowed at the end of their burrows. This chamber is
usually close to the surface of the ground, or, anyway, higher than the gal-
lery which leads to it. This is probably to protect it from being flooded
during rain storms. The burrowing owl generally fits up a squirrel's hole
for its use, but never lives "in the same hole with the squirrels or snakes,"
as is commonly believed ; for, on the contrary, it is a great enemy of the
squirrels, often following down their burrows and killing their young. It
also eats Jerusalem crickets and small birds. The color of this owl as seen
at a distance is a light brownish gray. The smallest and rarest of our owls
is the California pygmy owl. [W. H. Wakeley says it is the smallest owl
in the world.] Its home is in the higher mountains, but it is not uncom-
monly seen in winter lower down in the near canyons. The food of this
owl appears to be entirely grasshoppers. The spotted owl is another rare
bird occasionally found in the mountains.

The Road Runner is a bird peculiar to the southwest. It is very
common here, where it haunts the dry mesas and Arroyo beds. It belongs
to the cuckoo family, though it is a very much modified branch. On its
foot two toes point forward and two backward; hence its tracks can easily
be recognized from those of any other of our birds. The length of the
road-runner is about two feet, of which the tail occupies nearly a foot.
With the exception of a steel-blue crest which ornaments the head, the
feathers on most of the body are bright green, bordered with white.
This bird is noted for its swift running, as it is said to be able to baffle a
hound. It eats snakes and lizards. In the stomach of one road-runner I
found four lizards, each eight inches long. The bird batters the heads of its
victims on the ground, and then swallows them whole.

Note. — Of this rare creature. Van Dyke says ;

"About the only bird having no representative on the Atlantic coast
is the " chapparal-cock," "road-runner," or paisano, as the native Califor-
nians call it. It looks much like a cross between a hawk and a hernshaw ;
long-geared, long-tailed, and swift of foot, white, gray, and blue, with a
bluish top knot, and a long bill. Though generally deemed unfit to eat, it
is really one of the fattest and finest-flavored birds we have, in spite of its
diet of centipedes, lizards, and scorpions. It is an interesting bird, easily
tamed, and may be made a great pet. It is quite harmless, and is rarely
shot, except by fool tourists who think it the proper thing to murder every-
thing they see."

Mr. Will H. Wakeley, Pasadena's pioneer taxidermist, relates that
once while driving up North lyake Avenue he saw a road-runner scamper-
ing up the street dragging a long gopher snake in its bill. After keeping
ahead of him for a while, it turned off" into an apricot orchard and com-
menced making violent and rapid up-and-down motions. He went to see
what the creature was doing, and found it had threshed the snake upon the
ground and beaten the life out of it. Mr. Road-runner was preparing his

592 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

dinner of "jerked meat" — that was all. Prof. Holder in his volume en-
titled " All About Pasadena," page 124, says :

"It is of this bird that the rattlesnake corral story is told ; the bird, it
is said, building a corral of cactus leaves about the rattler, then awakening
him to destruction on the spines. The stor}'- is generally considered a
' ' fable ' ' ; though I have been told it by men who had watched the bird
build the corral : and a well-known surveyor in this county states that he
has found the corrals, with the skeleton of the snake in the center. There
is possibl}^ some mistake in the observations, though the story is not more
wonderful than that of the gardener bird, and others, known to be true."

The Woodpeckers are well represented, there being seven species in
this vicinity. The California woodpecker is a black-and-white variety, with
a red head and yellow throat. It has a peculiar habit of digging small
holes in the bark of oaks. These holes are exactly the size of an acorn.
Into each hole the bird forces an acorn, leaving the acute end of the nut
protruding. In course of time a small grub finds its way into each acorn,
grows and fattens. Then the woodpecker revisits his hoard, pecks into the
acorns and extracts the luscious grubs, leaving the empty shells of the nuts
still sticking in the holes. The woodpecker often makes use of natural
cavities in trees, and in these stuffs great quantities of acorns for the same
purpose.

A little sap-siuker which is often seen in our pepper trees is in the habit
of perforating the bark in circles around the tree, thus producing an odd
appearance. This is probably for the purpose of extracting the sap on
which it feeds.

NiGHTBiRDS. — The Texas nighthawk is common in suitable localities
about here. During the day they doze on the hot sand in the dry arroyos
and "washes," but in the evening they may be seen seeking their insect
food in the manner of bats and swallows. They have a peculiar trill or
thwirr-r-r which is kept up a long time. The eggs are laid on the warm
ground without any kind of a nest, and if the eggs are disturbed the birds
carry them to another place in their mouths. The young are covered with
a grayish-yellow down, which harmonizes well with the color of the sur-
rounding earth. If they are endangered by any foe, human or otherwise,
the mother tumbles all over herself in her endeavors to attract one's atten-
tion from her dear hawklets. The poor-wills are birds peculiar to the west.
They are similar to the whip-poor-will of the east in a good many respects,
but in a few details of external structure they are distinct. Their call con-
sists of two syllables, "poor-will, poor-will, poor-will." The California
poor-will frequents the foot-hills and canyon-sides. It is quite common in
the hills back of Linda Vista, where they are often observed flitting along
in the road or trail in the evening. It is also found on our highest moun-
tains.

Hummingbirds. — They are abundant all the year, about every flower-

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 593

garden in town and country. There are six species here, each distinct from
any other. It is useless to try to describe their varied tints and metallic
colors. A person must see them to appreciate and understand. Humming-
bird's nests are wonderful examples of bird architecture, — so small, and yet
so perfect in adaptation for their use. There is a general instinct that the
nests must agree in color and shape with their surroundings. One that I
found in an oak was placed on a horizontal branch to imitate a knot, and
covered with green lichens to correspond with the color of the bark and
leaves. A nest built on an orange twig was composed of brownish sub-
stances and covered on the outside with black scale. Another situated on
a cactus stem was made up of grayish vegetable down and small leaves
of the wild sage. And yet another built in a sycamore, was attached at the
base of a leaf, and made entirely of the yellow sycamore down found on
the under side of the leaves. This provision is for protection against various
marauders, especially blue jays, (both human and avain). Our six species
of hummers are not all found here at the same season or in the same locali-
ties. The Anna hummingbird is the only resident species, being common
all the year. They are quite hardy, usually being able to withstand the
' ' Santa Ana ' ' winds and the December frosts. This hummingbird breeds
the earliest of any of our birds, the nest with eggs having been found in
Pasadena as early as January 22. The Costa's hummingbird only stays
here through the summer, and its nests are to be found on grease- wood,
weeds, thistles and cactus, in the dry, open parts of the arroyos. The male
Costa's hummer has a habit during the mating season of mounting high up
in the air above the female, then descending like a shot down past her, then
again mounting upwards to repeat this performance, till the female goes off
to another perch. During each descending flight the male utters a shrill,
swelling squeak, which is loudest as he passes the female. The black-
chinned hummingbird is also a summer resident, building its nests on the
sycamores and alders which line the streams in the canyons. The males
are not often seen down in the canyons but remain high up on the mountain
sides where the wild honeysuckle blooms. The males of none of the hum-
mingbirds assist in nest-building or incubating. The Calliope, Allen's and
Rufus hummers are spring and fall visitors, their summer homes being
north of here. The two latter species are exceedingly abundant around
the orange trees in March and April.

The Fi^ycatchers are an interesting family of birds, and we have a
good representation here. The black phoebe, or pewee, is common in town.
It is usually seen on top of a hydrant or hitching-post in a garden. From
this perch it makes sallies into the surrounding atmosphere, snapping up
any insects which happen to pass that way. The black phoebe is of a slaty-
black color, except the lower belly, which is white. It has a pleasing note
and a graceful bearing. The pewee builds a cup-shaped nest, made of mud,

38

594 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

and lined with grasses and feathers. It is stuck on the side of a barn or
house under the eaves, Hke a swallow's nest, or it may be attached to rocks,
or tree-trunks, or in tunnels, or under bridges. One of the rarer flycatchers
is not uncommon in our mountains, especially in the Arroyo Seco canyon.
It is a large, dark-looking bird called the olive-sided flycatcher. This bird
is quite shy and hard to see, as it is usually perched on the tops of the naked
dead pines high up on the mountain-side. It can easily be located, how-
ever, by the loud resonant call which it constantly utters during the early
morning and in the evening.

Thk Kingbirds are familiar to the bee-ranches, as their food consists
chiefly of bees. They have a very harsh note and the birds seem to be
constantly quarreling with each other.

Our Orioles have about the same habits as the Baltimore oriole of the
East; they are just as highly colored, and sing fully as well. The orioles
here often take possession of the banana trees and palms, in which they
build their nests, the palm fibres forming favorite nesting material.

The Butcher-bird [Shrike] is more ferocious and cruel in proportion
to size than any other bird. It has the well-known habit of capturing and
impaling small animals or insects on sharp thorns. A few of the animals
which I have found thus sticking on thorns are, wild canary (Arkansas
goldfinch), western chipping sparrow, Gambel's sparrow, linnet (house finch),
young chickens, mice, horned toads and other lizards, besides a large variety
of insects. The butcher-bird seldom sneaks on its prey like a cat, but catches
it in an open race. I have seen a butchie chase a goldfinch for fully two
minutes. The goldfinch escaped through its superior ability to dodge,
though the shrike could fly very much faster. I have seen a California
shrike catch and carry off" a Gambel's sparrow, which is a bird about seven
inches long, the shrike being only eight and one-half inches in length. The
butchie swooped down on the bird which was feeding in the grass, and pro-
ceeded to inflict a quick succession of blows with its beak on the back of
the sparrow's head. This probably stunned the sparrow, and the butchie
grasped it with its claws and flew laboriously off with it. I ran after him
and succeeded in frightening him into dropping his victim. On examining
the sparrow I found that it was not badly hurt, but nearly scared to death.
Jerusalem crickets form the bread-of-life for the butchie, though he often
indulges in linnets. On the whole, this shrike does a great deal of good in
killing insects.

Note. — For some reason Mr. Grinnell overlooked the mocking-bird,
but it is too distinctive and characteristic a feature of Pasadena scenery to
be left out of our bird sketch ; and here is what Van Dyke says of it :

"The sweetest of all the song-birds is the mocking-bird. In size he is
about the same as the Virginia mocking-bird, a little more trimly built, and
with similar colors but a little differently arranged. The tone of his voice

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIKNCE. 595

is about the same, but his repertoire is much more limited. Indeed, he
scarcely deserves the name of mocking-bird because he mocks nothing that
is found here. His song consists of only seven or eight changes, which are
always the same. But he is pretty, graceful and harmless."

It is true that our mocking-bird is not so versatile and voluble a mimic
as the eastern variety, yet I am informed of instances where it has distinctly
imitated or "mocked" young chickens, ^d a person whistling, etc. In
June, 1888, I examined a nest in which a female mocking-bird was brooding
two unfledged young ones : and found that the nest was made almost entirely
of bits of old newspaper and writing paper. A State law prohibits the
killing of these birds or robbing their nests. — Bd.

COMPLETE L,IST OF PASADENA NATIVE BIRDS.

BY JOSEPH GRINNELL, STUDENT AT THROOP INSTITUTE.

Plumed Partridge [mountain quail] — Oreortyx pictus plumiferas.
Valley Partridge [valley quail] — Callipepla californica vallicola.
Band-Tailed Pigeon [wild pigeon] — Columba fasciata.
Mourning Dove [turtle dove] — Zenaidura macroura.
California Vulture [California condor] — Pseudogryphus califor-
nianus.

Turkey Vulture [turkey buzzard] Cathartes aura.

White-Tailed Kite — Elanus leucurus.

Marsh Hawk — Circus hudsonius.

Sharp-Shinned Hawk — Accipeter velox.

Cooper's Hawk — Accipiter cooperi.

Western Red Tail [chicken hawk] — Buteo borealis calurus.

Red-Bellied Hawk — Buteo lineatus elegans.

Zone-Tailed Hawk — Buteo abreviatus.

Swainson's Hawk [chicken hawk] — Buteo swainsoni.

Ferruginous Rough-I,eg — Archibuteo ferrugineus.

Golden Eagle — Aquila chrysaetos.

Bald Eagle — Haliaetus leucocephalus.

Pigeon Hawk — -Falco columbarius.

Desert Sparrow Hawk — Falco sparverius deserticolis.

American Barn Owl — Strix pratincola.

American Eong-Eared Owl — Asio wilsonianus.

Short-Eared Owl — Asio accipitrinus.

Spotted Owl — Syrnium occidentale.

California Screech Owl — Megascops asio bendirei.

Western Horned Owl — Bubo virginianus subarcticus.

Burrowing Owl [ground owl] — Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea.

California Pygmy Owl — Glaucidium gnoma californicum.

Road Runner — Geococcyx californianus.

California Cuckoo — Coccyzus americanus occidentalis.

Belted Kingfisher — Ceryle alcyon.

Harris's Woodpecker — Dryobates villosus harrisii.

Gairdner's Woodpecker — Dryobates pubescens gairdnerii.

Nuttall's Woodpecker — Dryobates nuttallii.

White-Headed Woodpecker — Xenopicus albolarvatus.

Red-Naped Sapsucker — Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis.

596 HISTORY OF PASADENA,

Red-Breasted Sapsucker — Sphyrapicus ruber.
Williamson's Sapsucker — Sphyrapicus thyroideus.
Californian Woodpecker — Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi.
Lewis's Woodpecker — Melanerpes torquatus.
Red-Shafted Flicker [yellow-hammer] — Colaptes cafer.
Dusky Poor-Will [California whip-poor-will] — Phalaenoptilus nut-
talli californicus. ^

Texan Night Hawk — Chordeiles texensis.
Black Swift — Cypseloides niger.
Vaux's Swift — Chaetura vauxii.
White-Throated Swift— Micropus melanoleucus.
Black-Chinned Humming Bird — Trochilus alexandri.
Costa's Humming Bird — Trochilus costae.
Anna's Humming Bird — Trochilus anna.
Rufous Humming Bird — Trochilus rufus.
Allen's Humming Bird — Trochilus alleni.
Calliope Humming Bird — Trochilus calliope.
Arkansas Kingbird — Tyrannus verticalis.
Cassin's Kingbird — Tyrannus vociferans.
Ash-Throated Flycatcher — Myiarchus cinerascens.
Say's Phoebe — Sayornis saya.
Black Phoebe [pewee] Sayornis nigricans.
Olive-sided Flycatcher — Contopus borealis.
Western Wood Pewee — Contopus richardsonii.
Western Flycatcher — Empidonax difficilis.
Little Flycatcher — Kmpidonax pusillus.
Hammond's Flycatcher — Empidonax hammondi.
Wright's Flycatcher — Empidonax wrightii.

Mexican Horned Lark — Otocoris alpestris chrysolaema.
Blue-fronted Jay — Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis.

California Jay — Aphelocoma californica.

American Raven' — Corvus corax sinuatus.

California Crow — Corvus americanus californicus.

Clarke's Nutcracker — Picicorvus columbianus.

Yellow-headed Blackbird — Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus.

Red-winged Blackbird — Agelaius phoeniceus.

Western Meadowlark — Sturnella magna neglecta.

Arizona Hooded Oriole — Icterus cucullatus nelsoni.

Bullock's Oriole — Icterus bullocki.

Brewer's Blackbird (Common Blackbird) — Scolecophagus cyano-
cephalus.

Western Evening Grosbeak — Coccothraustes vespertinus montanus.

California Purple Finch — Carpodacus purpureus californicus.

Cassin's Purple Finch — Carpodacus cassini.

House Finch (Linnet) — Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis.

Western Goldfinch — Spinus tristis pallidus.

ArkaNvSAS Goldfinch (Wild Canary) — Spinus psaltria.

Lawrence's Goldfinch — Spinus lawrencei.

Pine Siskin — Spinus pinus.

Western Vesper Sparrow — Poocaetes gramineus confinis.

Oregon Vesper Sparrow — Poocaetes gramineus affinis.

Western Savanna Sparrow — Ammodramus sandwichensis alau-
dinus.

DIVISION :^IGHT — SCIKNCE^. 597

Western Grasshopper Sparrow — Ammodramus savannarum per-
pallidus.

Western I^ark Sparrow — Chondestes grammacus strigatus.

Intermediate Sparrow — Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia.

Gambel's Sparrow — Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli.

White-throated Sparrow — Zonotrichia albicollis.

Western Chipping Sparrow — Spizella socialis arizonae,

Thurber's Junco (Snowbird) — Junco hyemalis thurberi.

Bell's Sparrow — Amphispiza belli.

Rufous-crowned Sparrow — Peucaea ruficeps.

Heermann's Song Sparrow — Melospiza fasciata heermanni.

Lincoln's Sparrow — Melospiza lincolni.

Townsend's Sparrow — Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis.

Thick-billed Sparrow — ^ Passerella iliaca megarhyncha.

Spurred Towhee — Pipilo maculatus megalonyx.

California Towhee — Pipilo fuscus crissalis.

Black-headed Grosbeak — Habia melanocephala.

Western Blue Grosbeak — Guiraca caerulea eurhyncha.

Lazuli Bunting — Passerina amoena.

Louisiana Tanager — Piranga ludoviciana.

Western Martin — ■ Progne subis hesperia.

Cliff Swallow — Petrochelidon lunifrons.

Barn Swallow — Chelidon erythrogaster.

Tree Swallow — Tachycineta bicolor.

Violet- GREEN Swallow — Tachycineta thalassina.

Bank Swallow — Clivicola riparia.

Rough- WINGED Swallow — Stelgidopteryx serripennis.

Cedar Waxwing — Ampelis cedrorum.

Phainopepla — Phainopepla nitens.

California Shrike [butcher-bird] — Lanius ludovicianus gambeli.

Western Warbling Vireo — Vireo gilvus swainsoni.

Cassin's Vireo — Vireo solitarius cassinii.

Hutton's Vireo — Vireo huttoni.

Least Vireo — Vireo bellii pusillus.

Calaveras Warbler — Helminthophila ruficapilla gutturalis.

Orange-Crowned Warbler — Helminthophila celata.

LuTESCENT Warbler — Helminthophila celata lutescens.

Western Yellow Warbler — Dendroica aestiva morcomi.

Audubon's Warbler — Dendroica auduboni.

Black-Throated Gray Warbler — Dendroica nigrescens.

Townsend's Warbler — Dendroica townsendi.

Hermit Warbler — Dendroica occidentalis.

Macgillivray's Warbler — Geothlypis macgillivrayi.

Western Yellow Throat — Geothlypis trichas occidentalis.

Long-Tailed Chat — Icteria virens longicauda.

PiLEOLATED Warbler — Sylvania pusilla pileolata.

American Pipit — Anthus pensilvanicus.

American Dipper [water ouzel] — Cinclus mexicanus.

Mocking-bird — Mimus polyglottos.

Californian Thrasher [ curved-billed thrush ] — Harporhynchus
redivivus.

Cactus Wren — Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus.

598 HISTORY OF PASADElNA.

Rock Wren — Salpinctes obsoletus.

Canyon Wren — Catherpes mexicanus conspersus.

Vigor's Wren — Thryothorus bewickii spilurus.

Parkman's Wren — Troglodj^tes aedon parkmanii.

Western Winter Wren — Troglodytes hiemalis pacificus.

TuLE Wren — Cistothorus palustris paludicola.

Californian Creeper — Certhia familiaris occidentalis.

Slender-Billed Nuthatch — Sita carolinensis aculeata.

Plain Titmouse — Parus inornatus.

Mountain Chickadee — Parus gambeli.

Wren Tit — Chamaea fasciata.

CAI.IFORNIAN Bush-tit — Psaltriparus minimus californicus.

Western Golden-Crowned Kinglet — Regulus satrapa olivaceous.

Ruby-Crowned Kinglet — Regulus calendula.

Western Gnatcatcher — Polioptila caerulea obscura.

Black-Tailed Gnatcatcher — Polioptila californica.

Townsend's SolETAire — Myiadestes townsendi.

Russet-Backed Thrush — Turdus ustulatus.

Dwarf Hermit Thrush — Turdus aonalaschkae.

Western Robin — Merula migratoria propinqua.

Varied Thrush — Hesperocichla naevia.

Western Bluebird — Sialia mexicana occidentalis.

Mountain Bluebird — Sialia arctica.

This list contains no water birds, and only such land birds as have been
positively identified within a radius of eight miles of Pasadena. There are
between twenty and thirty species of water birds, such as ducks, geese,
herons, sandpipers and rails, which have also been observed in the area ;
but these are almost without exception identical with those found in any
American marsh. The total variety of birds found in lyos Angeles county
amounts to over 200 species.

Note. — The above is the fir^t complete list or catalogue of our native
Pasadena birds that was ever prepared for print, and I am much indebted
to young Mr. Grinnell for his zeal and good work in preparing it specially
for this volume.- — Edr.

will wakeley's specimens.
W. H, Wakeley came to Pasadena in 188 1 and was the first taxidermist
ever here. He was an enthusiastic student and collector of our native
birds, and for ten years was looked to as authority on an}^ question as to
their species, habits, range, markings, etc. The authority which he fol-
lowed in this branch of science was "North American Birds," by Baird,
Brewer and Ridgway. Boston: I,ittle, Brown & Co., 1874: — a work of
high standing. In January, 1887, Mr. Wakeley founded the Natural History
Store, now owned by Frank A. Healy & Co. [1894] ; and later he founded
"Wakeley's Novelty Works." [See page 460.] And since engaging so
largely in this line of business he has been obliged to neglect his favorite
study of birds, so that younger students have come forward and occupied
the field, such as Masters Joseph Grinnell, Ralph Arnold and Horace Gay-
lord, who have each made excellent collections, exceeding Mr. Wakeley's

DIVISION BIGHT — SCIKNCE. 599

in number and variety of native specimens. But we still quote Mr. Wake-
ley as good authority on Pasadena birds. He says the California mocking
bird was not found north of lyOS Angeles county ten years ago, although it
may be now ; and that the California pygmy owl is the smallest owl in the
world ; he has seven varieties of native owls in his collection. In Febru-
ary, 1886, he found an albino finch — a specimen all white, and entirely new
to science, hence its scientific name would be Fringilla Alba Wakeleyii. In
1890 old Mr. Giddings shot another albino linnet or finch (all pure white), at
his home place, Giddings Heights.

Ri3PTii,ES.

Our most celebrated and characteristic reptile is the "horned toad," so
called, but which is not a toad at all but a species of lizard — Phrynosoma
cornuta. It burrows in the dry sand and dust, and lies dormant during the
winter season, coming out to run about and mate only in the warmest
weather. It is as harmless as a pet kitten, and when laid upon your warm
hand and gently stroked on its back with the other hand, it will blink its
eyes in a lazy, dreamy, contented sort of way, as if it really enjoyed the
warmth and the caressing. I have caught specimens from the size of my
finger nail up to nearly as large as my hand. They abound all over
Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and old Mexico. It is a
regular business in Pasadena to stuff and mount horned toads to sell as
California curios. In August, 1886, W. H. Wakeley advertised for 1000
horned toads for taxidermy purposes, and this set an army of boys scurrying
about the dusty plains and barrens, filling their pockets with horned toads
and earning many nickels for their own pocket money. In 1893 Wakeley's
Novelty Works mounted between 5,000 and 6,000 horned toads for the
California tourist and eastern trade, besides 100 dozen tarantulas, 100 dozen
scorpions, and a considerable number of trap-door spider nests and centi-
pedes.

Rock I^izard. — In all canyons, mountain sides and rocky places the
California rock lizard will be seen — three varieties of him, to-wit: black,
gray, and iridescent or metallic luster lizard, but all of the same species.
The long-tailed lizard, or "snake-lizard," as it is mostly called, is a different
species — is more sluggish, more retiring, and not often seen.* I once
caught one which was thirteen inches long, about three-fourths of this
length being tail ; the body is more bulky and clumsy than the rock lizard,
and as I held it up by the tail it made a hissing noise like a snake and thrust
out a snake-like forked tongue. I have never caught but this one, and have
had brief glimpses of only three others. They are not numerous and are

* " The Times correspondent at San Diego captured what is commonly known as "rattlesnake
lizard " on Saturday In form the creature resembles the Gila monster. Its general appearance is that
of a rattlesnake with legs. The head is like that of the rattler. The markings of the reptile's back
are like the markings of the snake. But the lizard's tail is devoid of rattles." — Los Angeles Times,
March 18, 1895.

60O HISTORY OF PASADENA.

very sll)^ Joseph Grinnell relates that once when he shot a dehcate Httle
cactus wren it fell down under the cactus bush and disappeared ; and after
searching some time for his prize he discovered a snake-lizard crawling away
with the bird in its mouth. Then he captured the lizard also, which was
eight inches long, and he has it in his collection. Our Pasadena lizards are
all harmless, though the long-tailed, snaky fellow seems to have teeth for
eating tougher meat than the flies and tiny worms on which the others feed.

In the pools that occur so often in the mountain canyons there will gen-
erally be found a pair or more of salamanders; called also "water puppies,"
"water lizards," etc. They are of a reddish-brown color, perfectly harm-
less, and live in or out of the water, being amphibian batrachians, ambly-
stoma rubruni by name.

In Wilson lake is found a small species of mud turtle ; also found in
the tule pond or lagoon in upper part of San Marino canyon [see page 377],
and in pools in the Arroyo Seco.

Rattlesnakes were formerly common in all parts of Pasadenaland,*
but they are now rarely found on the mesa, the advance of cultivation hav-
ing nearly exterminated them ; in the mountains, however, they still occur.
There seems to be two varieties — a smaller one of dark slate color ; and a
larger, thicker-bodied, more sluggish one, of a reddish -brown color.

The Red Racer is a snake peculiar to the country, and in some
respects is similar to the black racer of the east — in fact, some observers
say it is identical except in color. Mr. A. P. Janney, on East Union street,
informs me that he kept a red racer snake two years at his place, in a box
cage, and never knew it to eat or drink, although it shed its skin regularly ;
and once he chanced to see it in the very act of shuffling off" its last year's
overcoat. He finally sold it to a menagerie at lyos Angeles. It is probably
the swiftest-running snake of its size that we have any account of. In
May, 1888, I saw one that measured five feet four and one-half inches : very
slender ; pinky on belly, dappled pinky on back, and a splotch of black on
the neck. It was killed in a back door yard, where it was trying to catch
some little chicks. In July the same year I saw another one, three feet
eleven inches long, and with reddish, whitish and bluish colors. We called
him the " 4th-of-July snake."

The Gopher Snake is a large, long fellow that ought never to be
killed, for it feeds almost entirely on young gophers, ground squirrels, etc.,
which it catches by crawling into their holes and nesting places, and is thus
a true friend of the farmer.

In 1884 I saw a long, lithe specimen of water snake in the Arroyo
Seco stream nearly where the Scoville dam now stands, but have not seen
any other of this kind except a small one in a pool in Rubio canyon.

* See Judge Eaton's statement, on page 123; and I. B. Clappson page 119. It stands of record that
Mrs. Dr. Reid killed a rattlesnake with a stick, in Castle canyon, in August, 1S93 ; and in August, 1894,
Mrs. Dr. Grinnell shot one in the Arroyo above Devil's Gate, which her son Joseph skinned and pre-
served.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 6oi

In the mountain canyons is found the coral snake, which is marked
with black and white, perhaps half an inch wide, around its body in regular
alternation from head to tail. The first specimen I ever saw of this snake
was in San Dimas canyon [twenty-five miles east of Pasadena] four or five
miles up from its mouth, in 1888 ; then in 1893 I saw two specimens of it in
Echo canyon, one of them being marked with red and black instead of
white and black bands.

There are several varieties of smaller ophidian reptiles, such as striped
or garter snakes, grass snakes, bush snakes, spotted snakes, etc. None of
our snakes are venomous except the rattlers.

We have a large, warty garden toad, with some peculiarities that mark
him as a California variety of the bufonidae. There is also a species of tree
toad.

Of Frogs there are several varieties. The common pond frog abounds
in the tule bogs, reservoir dams, springs and water ways of our Glacial Ter-
race canyons, where it can be found any time of the year. The mud frog
lies dormant in the clayey beds of dried-up ponds during the dry season ;
but when the winter rains form ponds or puddles he emerges into life, and
makes the evening air melodious with its song of tirr-r-r-r-r-r. The winter
pond existing for many successive years at northwest corner of Colorado and
De Ivacy streets, furnished music of this sort for the whole city. But the
place is now filled up. In the mountain canyons there are delicate rock
frogs, of colors varying to suit the colors of the rocks in their particular
stream, pot-hole, or pool.

The biological department of the Throop Polytechnic Institute has
planned to make a special study of Pasadena reptiles during 1895-96,
which will doubtless result in their complete scientific classification, and
special description of such as are new species. Nothing of the kind has
been done heretofore.

insects.

The scorpion is doubtless our most characteristic native insect. There
seems to be two varieties of it. They are now rarely found in or about Pas-
adena ; their capture and mounting as curios seems to have almost extermin-
ated them from this region. Wakeley's novelty works put up 100 dozen of
them in 1893. The dread of their sting is largely imaginary. I have not
heard of but one person here. Col. J. Banbury, ever being stung by one.
This was in the colony days. He was loading wood and chips into a wagon ;
the scorpion stung his hand ; he brushed it away, went on with his work,
did nothing for the wound, forgot all about it, and it passed off as readily as
the sting of a bee or a wasp would. And Judge Baton says he never heard
of any harm from them.

Of centipedes there seems to be two, or perhaps three varieties — one
very large, of dull white or light straw color ; and a smaller kind, sometimes

6o2 HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

white and sometimes of a streaky green color — possibly mere variations of
sex or season. The largest kind have been found even eight inches in
length. There is no evidence that their bite is poisonous, but they have
forcep jaws and can inflict quite a severe wound — and the very thought of
being bitten by such a disgusting looking creature is enough to make one
feel poison-shivers all over him and grow sick at the stomach.

Another of our famous insects is the tarantula ; and of this singular
creature Miss Monks, who was at one time the foremost entomologist of Los
Angeles county, said in the Historical Society's publications for 1886 :

" The Tarantula {Mygale Hentzii') is large — when extended it often
covers the space of four or more inches ; it is very hairy, black or dark
brown in color, with sometimes an ashy tinge, and has long legs, which in-
dicate a wanderer.

"The Trap-door spider {Cteniza Californica) is only half as large, is
downy, pale brown, and has short legs. There is the greatest possible dif-
ference of opinion in regard to the tube-building habit of the two species.
I have never found a tarantula in a nest with a trap-door, nor a trap-door
spider in one with an open mouth. I have put My gales of both sexes in
jars of earth, and they would never attempt to build tubes. They pull bits
of earth together and spin a little silk, then stop — seemingly satisfied with
the result of their labor. On the other hand, Ctenizas invariably go to work
the first night and dig a tube, and generally add the door the second night."

The males of these two species will always fight till one or the other is
killed, and most commonly both die in the struggle. As late as 1883 it was
considered "sport" in lyos Angeles to put some dirt in the bottom of an
empty gold-fish jar, then put in a pair of these belligerent insects, and make
bets as to which one would ' ' whip. ' ' I witnessed this several times in store
windows on Main street ; and on one occasion I saw the larger one of the
two spiders fighting away after its entrails were torn out and dragging under
its feet. But I believe Pasadena never got quite so low down for "sport"
as this. The Pasadena Star of October 19, 1892, said :

" Two of our Lake Avenue citizens have just returned from a four days'
tour in the country hunting for specimen tarantulas. They secured over 400
specimens, most of them large size, and all of them females."

Van Dyke says of these insects :

' ' The largest are nearly two and one-half inches long by one and one-
half wide, with long, thick, curved legs, and body low hung so that the
curved part of the legs is above the back. It looks like an immense spider.
The body is covered with short hairs. -< * * They have two black
curved tusks in the upper jaw, long and sharp, which they can set [bite]
through a green twig the size of a lead pencil."

The tarantula hawk, Pompilus formosus, is a large species of wasp that
makes a business of stinging tarantulas whenever it can get a chance. It
stings them in the back, striking down into the central ganglia of the Mygale' s
nervous system, thus thrusting its waspy virus into the very life center of
the victim. This gives it a sort of paralysis or numb palsy so that it cannot

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 603

fight nor crawl away, but it still lives. The wasp then digs a small pit for
the tarantula to drop into, and lays its eggs there ; and when the little wasp
grubs come forth they burrow into the body of the paralytic which their
provident mother had fixed there for them, and grow fat and sleek on its
tarantulan juices.

A very large insect called " hawk moth " has a spread of wings four to
five inches, and a very long proboscis or suction tube, which it has to wind
up into three or four coils when it flies. It may be seen hovering over
flowers in the evening, sucking honey through its long tube, and is often
mistaken for some curious species of humming bird. Colors, gray, black
and yellow. It is the tomato worm moth, or 5-spotted sphinx.

Another conspicuous insect is the white-lined sphinx. It is olive green,
white, black and rose colored, or a sort of pinkish tinge ; it also hovers
about the honey flowers in the evening, with a three-inch spread of wing:
and is frequently mistaken for a species of humming bird. I have some-
times seen I suppose a thousand of these moths lying dead around on the
ground under an argand electric light, into the fiery glare of which they
and other species had plunged to their death during the night.

The Jerusalem cricket, or " Spanish cricket " as it is also called, is a
peculiarly large California variety. It incubates deep in the ground during
the dry season, and when the rains come to soften the earth, and the early
spring warmth develops life generally, this creature bores its way to the sur-
face and comes forth. It is a large, fat, clumsy cricket — I think the largest
one known — and furnishes a rare feast for poultry and some of the larger
native birds. It is a pest in the potato field and injures the crop by gnaw-
ing cavities in the potatoes when they are nearly or quite full grown.

In the early colony days Pasadena was ravaged with grasshoppers — a
local variety, and not the migratory grasshopper or "locust " of the easterly
Rocky mountain slopes. But the plowing from year to year destroyed
their eggs by exposure, and the Pasadena grasshoper is no longer known as
a pest. [See page 144.]

In 1893, ^t Echo Mountain I found specimens of the " praying Mantis,"
a species of the " walking leaf " insects. It is a small or medium sized
variety, and most likely to be found on sycamore trees or willows. I have
never seen it except in Echo canyon or glen, though I doubt not it occurs
elsewhere ; and it is one of the most singular of our native insects Sobieski
Lowe in 1893, and Joseph Grinnellin 1894, ^^^^ informed me that they had
found specimens of this rare insect at the same place, but not elsewhere.

In the little ponds of the mountain canyons there is found a very
curious kind of water beetle — a real amphibian insect, for when the pool it
happens to be in dries up, it will spread its wings and fly away to another.
But ordinarily it looks like a small turtle creeping about at the bottom of a
pool, and without necessity of coming to the surface for air ; yet it can live

6o4

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

also in the air when necessary. This singular creature carries its eggs on
the shell- like wingcases over its back, says Jason Brown, where they some-
times appear thickly massed together, but always in orderly arrangement.
In this respect it is an approach toward the dorsological baby house style of
incubation, heretofore known only in the Surinam toad.

Of a species of woolly spider I have seen both white and red varieties
in the mountains.

Of course this is no place for a complete list of our native insects, for
they run up into thousands of species or varieties. Van Dyke says there
are at least ten different kinds of musquito here. I have only mentioned
a few of the more notable insects, because of their singularity, or because
as California curios they have become in some sense historic. The Pasa-
dena field of Entomology is a very large one, entirely unworked, and lies
open for some of our young naturalists to delve in and win fame. One of
the queer things in this line is, that bedbugs and cockroaches cannot live
here. Every season for the past twenty years bedbugs have been brought
to Pasadena in clothing, in bedding, in carpets, or in furniture, yet they
never live to propagate their species ; the same is true of cockroaches. The
reason for it still remains an unsolved problem for our young scientists to
wrestle with.

As to books on California Entomology, a volume of 472 pages was pub-
lished by H. S. Crocker & Co., Sacramento, in 1883, entitled " Injurious
Insects of the Orchard, Vineyard," etc. It was prepared by Matthew
Cook, State Entomologist, was liberally illustrated, and stills holds the field
as the best California book of the kind yet produced.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 605

CHAPTER XXXII.

Botany. — Prof. McClatchie's Researches, Collections and Discovery of New Species of
Plants, including Algae, Fungi and Mosses, in Pasadenaland. — Complete List of all
our Native Vegetable Growths, Scientifically Classified as to Branch of Vegetable
Kingdom, Class, Order, Genera and Species.

FLORA OF PASADENA AND VICINITY.

By Alfred James McClatchie, A. M., Professor of Botany, Throop Polytechnic. Institute.

The list of plants that follows was compiled, not because it was sup-
posed that all of the plants growing about Pasadena were known, but be-
cause of the kind and urgent request made by Dr. Reid that I should
undertake the task. Our flora is too varied for one person to become
familiar with it during a three years' residence. The list simply includes
all that have been collected and identified up to the time of going to press ;
but each month adds several to the list, and will, undoubtedly, continue to
do so for some time yet.

The region of which the plants are listed extends from the Lincoln
Park hills on the south to the summit of the range north of Pasadena,
designated by various names, but referred to in this list as the San Gabriel
mountains. On the west the region is bounded by the hills across the
Arroyp Seco and extends from there eastward to Sierra Madre and Santa
Anita. Thus it is about ten miles in extent north and south, and about six
miles east and west. The altitude at the southern limit is about 500 feet,
while the summit of the mountains varies from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. The
altitudes at the eastern and western boundaries are about the same. Hence
the region might be thought of in a general way as a surface having a
parabolic curve, one end resting against a range of low hills and the other
resting upon a support ten miles away and a mile higher. The western
edge of the region is traversed by the Arroyo Seco, whose precipitous banks
average about fifty feet in height. At the bottom flows a swift stream, not-
withstanding the fact that the name is the Spanish for " dry gorge." About
a mile south of Pasadena is the lip of the geological basin that has been
filled with soil for a site for our city. From this lip flow six nearly parallel
streams, each about one-fourth to one-half mile from the next. Along these
streams grow luxuriant forests of oak, sycamore, cottonwood, and alder,
among which great numbers of higher fungi flourish during the wet season,
and their waters abound in algae and other water plants. To this region
Dr. Reid and Mr. French have given the name Glacial Terrace. [See
page 574.]

Between this lip and the foot of the mountains extends a sloping plain
which bore, when in its natural state, principally herbaceous plants and
small shrubs, some of which still remain scattered over the region. The
mountain region is traversed by two large canyons that begin near the

6o6 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

summit of Mount Lowe, besides several smaller ones that do not begin so
far back in the mountains. It will readily be seen that a region so diversi-
fied— a region made up of mountain, canyon, plain, and moist woodland —
must have a varied flora. In the woods and canyons algae, fungi, liver-
worts, mosses, ferns, and shade-loving seed-plants abound ; on the plain,
dwarfed shrubs, cacti, and other plants characteristic of an arid region ; on
the mountains, large shrubs, live-oaks, pines, spruces, cedars, and a great
variety of smaller plants.

As an examination of the list will show, every month of the year brings
forth some new plants, and during every month some of the higher plants
are in bloom. The season of greatest growth is from January to June. It
is during this period that the most of the lichens, the higher fungi, the
liverworts, the mosses, the ferns, and the herbaceous seed-plants grow and
reproduce. During the remainder of the year parasitic fungi flourish, a
few mosses mature their spores, several Polygonaceae, Euphorbiacese, Cheno-
podiacese, Compositse, and some members of other families of seed-plants
bloom and muture seeds. Algae are to be found at all seasons of the year
where there is sufficient water. Two beautiful species of Florideae grow in
abundance throughout the year in the Arroyo Seco, and a great variety of
brook-silk, green-felt, water-flannel, and other green algae is always to be
found there. The lover and student of plants can find an abundance of
specimens to enjoy and study at all seasons of the year.

The plants of California, especially of the southern part, have not yet
been so carefully listed and described as in many of the eastern and
southern states. The literature accessible for their identification is still
meager. The Botany of the Geological Survey, the works of Professor
E. L/. Greene of the State University, and some works descriptive of all the
plants of certain groups found in North America, are the more useful books.
The following are the principal works that list or describe plants of our
region : Sternberg's Manual of Bacteriology, WoUe's Fresh-water Algae,
WoUe's Desmidiaceae, Wolle's Diatomacese, Pound's Mucoreae of N. A.,
Ellis and Everhart's Pyrenomycetes, Tuckermann's Lichens, Saccardo's
Sylloge Fungorum, Kellerman & Ellis's Journal of Mycology, Morgan's
Gastromycetes, Farlow and Seymour's Host-Index, Harvey's Nereis
Borealis, Hervey's Sea-mosses, Halsted's Characeae of America, Allen's
Characeae of North America, Underwood's Hepaticae of North America,
Lesquereux and James's Mosses of N. A., Eaton's Ferns of N. A., Under-
wood's Our Native Ferns and Their Allies, Jones's Ferns of the Pacific
Coast, Vasey's Grasses of the Southwest, Bailey's Carices of N. A.,
Morong's Naiadaceae of N. A., Watson's LiHaceae of N. A., Greene's Oaks
of the Pacific Coast, Wheelock's Polygala, Trealease's Rumex, Trealease's
Epilobium, Greene's Pittonia, Brewer, Watson and Gray's Botany of Cali-
fornia, Gray's Synoptical Flora of N. A., Rattan's Popular Flora, Parish's
Plants of Southern California, Davidson's Plants of Los Angeles county.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 607

Besides the above, several works describing plants of other regions are
useful. Among them are Burrill & Earle's Parasitic Fungi of Illinois,
Rabenhorst's Cryptogamic Flora of Germany, Austria and Switzerland,
Massee's British Fungus-Flora, Cooke's British Fungi, Berkeley's Outlines
of Mycology, Phillip's Discomycetes, Farlow's Marine Algae of New
England, Greene's Flora Franciscana, Greene's Manual of the Bay Region,
Gray's Manual of Botany, Coulter's Rocky Mountain Botany, Chapman's
Flora of the Southern States, Coulter's Flora of Texas, Wood's Class-book
of Botany, and the Flora of Nebraska by the Botanical Seminar of the
State University.

Several plant catalogues of other regions aid much in classification and
nomenclature. Among these are Britton's Flora of New Jersey, Wheeler
& Smith's Flora of Michigan, Webber's Flora of Nebraska, McMillan's
Metaspermae of Minnesota. Millspaugh's Flora of West Virginia, and the
Pteridophyta and Spermophyta of the Northeastern United States by the
Botanical Club of the Am. Assoc, for Advct. of Sci.

All plants of doubtful identity have have been sent to specialists for
determination, as follows : Perisporiacese and Pyrenomycetes to J. H-
Ellis, Newfield, N. J. ; Discomycetes to A. P. Morgan, Preston, Ohio, J. B.
EUis and C. H. Peck, Albany, N. Y. ; Uchenes to T. A. Williams, Brook-
ing, S. D. ; Uredineae to E. W. D. Holway, Decorah, Iowa ; Imperfect
Fungi to J. B. Ellis ; Gastromycetes to A. P. Morgan and L. M. Under-
wood, Greencastle, Ind. ; Agaricineae to C. H. Peck and F. E. Clements,
lyincoln, Neb.; the remaining Hymenomycetes to A. P. Morgan, L,. M.
Underwood, and J. B. EUis ; Hepaticse to L,. M. Underwood ; Musci to C.
R. Barnes, Madison, Wis., Mrs. E. G. Britton, Columbia College, N. Y.,
and M. A. Howe, Berkeley, Cal. ; Pteridophyta to L,. M. Underwood, and
D. C. Eaton, New Haven, Conn. ; Graminese to F. Lamson-Scribner,
Washington, D C. ; Carices to L,. H. Bailey, Ithaca, N. Y. ; the remaining
Spermaphyta to E. h. Greene, Berkeley, Cal., S. B, Parish, San Bernardino,
Cal., and W. L. Jepson, Berkeley, Cal. To all I am greatly indebted for
their aid, and wish to express to them my sincere thanks. I have also re-
ceived much aid from several of my students, especially Miss Dian Ha3^nes
and Miss Margaret Morrison. To my wife, Anna Morrison McClatchie, I
am especially indebted for continuous aid in collecting, identifying, drawing,
and caring for herbarium specimens.

Unless impracticable, herbarium or microscopic specimens of each
species listed have been preserved. Duplicates of a large number of them
will also be found in the herbaria of those who have aided in their indenti-
fication. The aim has been to give the local place where all species not
widely distributed have been collected.

The month or months given as the season of a plant cover the period of
reproduction, or when reproductive organs may be found on the plant.

6o8 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

When no period is given, it is to be understood that one or both the above
conditions are present all of the year. The elevation of many of the plants
is given, and for most of the others the elevation can be inferred from the
place where found, by any one familiar with the region. I have also aimed
to give the common name of each plant having a good one. When the
specific name of a parasitic fungus is formed from the generic name of the
host-plant, the initial letter has been used for the genus of the latter. All
Agarics stated to be edible have been tested by myself, and several of them
by some of my students.

Of most of the Bacteria listed, and many others not yet identified, pure
cultures have been made in my laboratory. The pathogenic Bacteria are
not listed. Little effort has been made to identify the Diatoms of the region,
hence few of them are listed. Of the Agarics, about fifty collected species
remain undetermined ; of Lichens, about ten ; and of Mosses, about the
same number. The number of species and varieties listed is 1056, of which
a large number were never before collected in the State. Sixty-two of them
proved to be new to science. Most of these have been described by group
specialists and by myself, in the botanical journals and in the proceedings of
scientific societies of America. The place of publication of each new species
is cited in the list. Being opposed to the naming of new species after col-
lectors, I have attempted to prevent any being given my name, and have
succeeded in all cases except one that was published in spite of my protest.

I have attempted to follow the Rochester rules for nomenclature, but no
doubt have failed to do so in many cases. The system of classification used
is, in the main, that of Dr. Bessey. In the groups below the Spermaphyta,
no smaller subdivision than Bessey 's orders have been used above genera.
In the Spermaphyta, family names are used, Bessey's ordinal names being
omitted.

Throop Biological Laboratory,

Pasadena, Cal., September 26, 1895.

PROTOPHYTA.

CLASS I. MYCETOZOA. Slime Moulds.

RETICULARIA Bull.

R. UMBRINA Fries. On decaying wood. Frequent. March — May.
HP:MIARCYRIA RosL

H. RUBiFORMis (Pers.) Rest. On decaying wood. M. C." January — Mav.
TRICHIA Hall.

T. VARiA Pers. On decaying wood. M. C. January — April.
STEMONITIS Gled.

S. FUSCA Roth. On decaying wood. Frequent. March — September.

* Abhrkviations.— The following abbreviations have been used to designate particular places bv local
name, where specimens have been found : Lincoln Park I<. P.; Arroyo Seco, A. S.; Los Robles Ca"nvon.
L. R. C ; Oak Knoll, O. K ; Oak Knoll Canyon, O. K. C; Wilson Canvon, W. C: Wild Grape Canyon"[see
page :i77]. W. G. C; San Gabriel Mountains, S. G. Mts.; Millard Canyon, M. C ; Rubio Canyon, K. C;
Little Santa Anita Canyon, L. St. A. C; "Wilson's Peak, W. Pk.; Mount Lowe, Mt. L.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 609

SPUMARIA Pers.

S. ALBA (Bull.) DC. On living willow stems. A. S. February — October.
DIACHEA Fries.

D. LEUCOPODA (Bull.) Rost. On dead and living leaves. Com. January — April
B.\DHAMIA Berk.

B. HYALINA Berk. On decaying wood in L. R. C February — April.
FULIGO Hall.

F. SEPTiCA (Link.) Gmel. On decaying wood. Frequent. February — April.
PHYSARUM Pers.

P. CINEREUM (Batsch.) Pers. On small living plante. January — March.

CLASS II. SCHIZOPHYCE./E. Fission-Plants.
Order Cystiphorce. One celled blue-green Algae.

CHROOCOCCUS Naeg.

C. COHCERENS (Breb.) Naeg. Common in stagnant water.
MERISMOPEDIA Mey.

M. GLAUCA (Ehrb.) Naeg. In watering-trough.

Order Neniatogence. Filamentous blue-green Algae, Bacteria, etc'.

NOSTOC Vauch.

N. MUSCORUM Ag. Frequent among moss. January — April.
N. PRUFIFORME (Rotli. ) Ag. Common in running water.
N. RUPESTRE Kuetz. Among moss on moist banks.
N. SPHAERICUM Vauch. On wet soil. Januarj' — April.
ANABAENA Bory.

A. STAGNALis Kuetz. In moist banks. June — October.
OSCILLARIA Bosc.

O. ANTLIARIA Juerg. In reservoir.

O. BREVis Kuetz. On wet soil.

O. MAJOR Vauch. In pond at Oak Knoll, A. S.

O. TENERRiMA Kuetz. In stagnant water m Arroyo Seco.

O. TENUIS Ag. Common. In water and on wet soil.
LEPTOTHRIX Kuetz.

L. CAESPiTOSA Kuetz. In watering-trough.
CLINDROSPERMUM Kuetz.

C. COMATUM Wood. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco.

O. FLEXUOSUM (Ag.) Rab. Among moss on moist banks.

O. MACROSPERMUM Kuetz. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco.
LYNGBYA Ag. & Thur.

L. OCHRACEA (Dill) Thur. On a moist bank.
TOLY'POTHRIX Kuetz.

T. DiSTORTA (Muell.) Kuetz. Rubio Canyon — on rocks under running water.

MASTIGONEMA (Fisher) Kirch.

M. AERUGiNEUM (Kuetz.) Kirch. Among damp moss.

M. FERTILE Wood. In reservoir.
HAPALOSIPHON Naeg.

H. BRAUNli Kuetz. In aquarium in laboratory.

BEGGIATOA Trevisan.

B. ALBA (Vauch.) Trev. Frequent in stagnant water.

MICROCOCCUS Cohn.

M. CREPUSCULUM (Ehrb.) Cohn. In decaying fish.

ASCOCOCCUS Zopf.

A. BiLROTHii Stern. In putrid vegetable infusion.

BACILLUS Cohn.

B. ACETi (Kuetz ) Cohn. In vinegar.

B. ACiDi LACTici Hueppe. In sour milk.

39

6io

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

B. FLUORESCENS LIQUEFACIENS Fluegge. Common in water.
B. TERMO (Muell.) Cohn. Common in various decaying substances.
B. VULGARIS Haus. In decaying meat.
SPIRILLUM Ehrb.

S. RUGULA (Muell.) Ehr. Common in decaying substances.

FRESH-WATER ALG^.

I. Cylindrospermunt flexvostim. 2. Kostoc 7>iusco7um. 3. Cosmarium cordanum in process of divis-
ion. 4. Spirogyra adnata. 5, Zygnenta stelliurn. 6, Cladophora fracia. 7. Cocoueis pediciiliis on Clado-
phora. 8. Spores of Stigeoclonium fastigiaiiivi in various stag:es of divisioH. 9. Cymbella gasiroides.
10 Closterinm inoniliferiim. 11. -Cladopliot a oligoclona. 12. Pediashum boryantim. "13. Oscillaria anti-
liaria. 14. Tolypothrix distorta. All magnified 250 diameters.

PHYCOPHYTA.
CLASS I. CHLOROPHYCE.^.

Order Protococcoidece.
PROTOCOCCUS Ag.

P. viRiDis Ag. Very common in water and on wet surfaces.
SCENEDESMUS Meyen.

S. DiMORPHfS Kuetz. Common in stagnant water.

S. OBTusus Mey. In aquarium in laboratory.

S. ACUTus Mey. Frequent in stagnant water.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 6ll

PEDIASTRUM MEYEN.

P. BORYANUM (Thurp. ) Menegh. Frequent in stagnant water.
HYDRODICTYON Roth.

H. uTRicutATUM Roth. Common in streams.
PANDORINA Ehrb.

P. MORUM Bory. Common in stagnant water.
GONIUM Muell.

G. PECTORALS Muell. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco.
EUDORINA Ehrb.

E. STAGNALE Wolle. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco.
EUGLENA Ehrb.

E. viRiDis (Schrank.) Ehrb. Frequent in stagnant water.

Order. ConjugatcE. Desinids, Diatoms, etc.^

CLOSTERIUM Nitsch.

C. MONILIFERUM (Bory.) Ehrb. Frequent in stagnant water.

C. ENSIS Delp. In stagnant water at Oak Knoll.
CALOCYLINDRUS D. By.

C. coNNATus (Breb. ) Kirch, var. minor Nord. Frequent in stagnant water.
COSMARIUM Corda.

C. CORDANUM Breb. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco.
CYMBEIvLA Agardh.

C. GASTROiDES Kuetz. Common in stagnant water.
COCCONEMA Ehrb.

C. MEXiCANUM Ehrb. Common in stagnant water.
NAVICULA Bory.

N. SUBINFLATA Grun. In water in Arroyo Seco.
GOMPHONEMA Agardh.

G. ACUMINATUM Ehrb. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco.

COCONEIS Ehrb.

C. PEDICULUS Ehrb. On Cladophora in M. C.

C. CALIFORNICA Grun. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco.

SYNEDRA Ehrb.

S. VALENS Ehrb. Common in stagnant water.

MERIDION Agardh.

M. CIRCULARE (Grev.) Ag. Common in stagnant water.
MELOSIRA Agardh.

M. VARiANS Ag. Common in stagnant water.
MESOCARPUS Hass.

M. RADiCANS Kuetz. Stream in Arroyo Seco.

M. SCALARIS (Hass.) D. By. In stagnant water in Arroyo Seco.
ZYGNEMA Kuetz.

Z. STELLIUM Ag. On wet rocks in Rubio canyon.
SPYROGYRA Link. Pond-scum. "Frog-spittle." Brook-silk.

S. AENATA Kuetz. Frequent in stagnant water.

S. eusco-aTra Rab. In stagnant water in Arro}'o Seco.

S. ORTHOSPIRA (Naeg.) Kuetz. Frequent in stagnant and running water.

S, CRASSA Kuetz. Frequent in stagnant water.

S. ouiNiNA ( Ag. ) Kuetz. Com. in stagnant water. Conjugates during April and May,

ASCOPHORA Tode.

A. MUCEDO Tode. (Common black mould.) Common on decaying substances.

MUCOR Linn. Black mould.

M. MUCEDO Linn. Occasional on decaying substances.
M. RACEMOSUS Fres. On decaying cooked onion.

E MRUS A Cohn.

E MUSCAE (Fr.) Cohn. (Fly fungus) On flies.

6i2 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Order. Siphonice.
VAUCHERIA DC. Green-Felt.

V. HEMATA (Vauch.) Lyng. Common in running and stagnant water.

V. SESSiLiS (Vauch.) DC. In pond in W. C.

V. TERRESTRis Lyng. Frequent on moist soil.
SAPROLEGNIA Nees. Water-mould.

S. FERAX (Gruith.) Nees. On flies in aquarium in laboratory.

BOTRYDIUM Wallr.

B. GRANULATUM (L.) Grev. Common on moist soil. January — May.

ALBUGO S. F. Gray. White rust.

A. CANDIDA (Pers.) OK. On Shepherd's Purse. February — May.

Order — ConfervoidecB. Water-fiannel, etc.

CLADOPHORA Kuetz. Water-flannel.

C. FRACTA (Dill) Kuetz. var. rigidula Kuetz. Frequent in stagnant and running
water.

C. OLiGOCLONA Kuetz. Common in stagnant and running water.

ULOTHRIX Kuetz.

U. ZONATA (W. & M.) Ag. In watering-trough.

CONFERVA Link.

C. FLOCCOSA Ag. Common in stagnant and running water.

C. FUGACi.ssiMA Roth. Frequent in stagnant and running water.
STIGEOCLONIUM Kuetz.

S. FASTiGiATUM Kuetz. Common in stagnant and running water.
CYLINDROCAPSA Rein.

C. GEMINELLA Wolle. On shaded soil in Pasadena. February — April.

DRAPERNALDIA Agardh.

D. GLOMERATA 'Vauch.) Ag. Frequentiu stream in Arroyo Seco. March — May.

CEDOGONIUM Link.

CE. AUTUMNAI.E Witt. Stagnant water at Oak Knoll.

CARPOPHYTA.

CLASS I. ASCOMYCETES. Sac-Fungi.

Order PerisporiacecE . Simple Sac-Fungi.

SPH.<EROTHECA Lev.

S. PANNOSA (Wallr.) Lev. On leaves of cultivated roses. December — June.

ERYSIPHE Hedw.

E. COMMUNIS (Wallr.) Fr. On cultivated peas.
CAPNODIUM Mont.

C. C^SPITOSUM E. & E. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894 p. 325. On loquat leaves.
C. ciTRi B. & D. On orange and lemon leaves.
EUROTIUM Link.

E. HERBARiORUM (Wigg.) Lk. On various decaying substances.

Order Pyreyiomycetece . Black Fungi.

ROSELLINIA Ces. & De Not.

R. AQUILA (Fr.) De Not. On oak bark and grape stems.
CUCURBITARIA Gray.

C. STENOCARPA E. & E. (n. sp. in lit.) On dead stems of Rhus diversiloba. June —
September.
SPH^RELLA Ces. & De Not.

S. ARBUTICOLA Pk. On leaves of Unibellularia californica.

S. SID^COLA E. & E. Erythea 1:198. On leaves of Sidalcea delphinifolia. March —
May.

• * DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 613

STIGMATEA Fries.

S. GERANNii Fr. On leaves of G. carolinianuin. February — April.
GNOMONIA Ces. & De Not.

G. ALNi Plowr. On leaves of A. rhonibifolia. June — October.
OPHIO BOLUS Riess.

O. FULGiDUS ,C. & P.) Sacc. On dead stems in Arroyo Seco. July.
CIvYPEOSPH.^RIA Fckl.

C. HENDERSONIA (Ell.) Sacc. On dead stems.
PHYLDACHORA Nitschke.

P. GRAMiNis (Pers.) Fckl. On Muhlenbergia mexicana. August — October.
NUMMULARIA Tul.

N. RUMPENS Cke. On oak bark and on sycamore wood. January — April.
HYPOXYLON Bull.

H. CALIFORNICUM E. & E. (n. sp. in lit.) On dead stems oi Adenostoma/asciculatum.
June — September.

H. occiDENTALE Ell. & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 345. On dead limbs
and trunks. L. R. C. and S. G. Mts.
GLONIUM Muhl.

G. r,iNEARE (Fr.) Sacc. On old decorticated trunks of Acer macrophyllum.
HYSTEROGRAPHIUM Corda.

H. PROMINENS (P. & H. ) B. & G. On dead limbs.
ENDOCARPON (Hedw.) Fr.

E. MiNiATUM Ach. On rocks.

Order Discomycetecs. Lichens. Cup-fungi.

BUELLIA De Not., Tuck,

B. oiDALEA Tuck. On dead limbs.
CLADONIA Hoffm.

C. FiMBRiATA (L.) Fr. var. Tub^^formis Fr. In soil in San Gabriel mountains.
C. FURCATA (Huds.) Fr. var. racemosa F1. Canyon sides.

C. PYXiDATA (L.) Fr. Canyon sides.
URCEOLARIA Tuck.

U. SCRuposa (L.) Nyl. ' On soil.
PERTUSARIA DC.

P. multipuncta (Turn.) Nyl. On trees.
RINODINA Mass.

R. SOPHODES (Ach,) Nyl. On trees.
LECANORA Ach. Tuck.

L. pallescens (L.) Schaer. On trees.

L. PALLIDA (Schaer. var. cancriformis Tuck. On trees.

L. pri\'igna (Ach.) Nyl. On rocks.

L. SUBFUSCA (L.) Ach. On trees.
PLACODIUM (DC.) Naeg. & Hepp.

P. aurantiacum ;Lightf.) Naeg. & Hepp. On rocks and trees.

P. BOLACiNUM Truck. On rocks.

P. cerinum (Hedw.) Naeg. & Hepp. var. pyracea Nyl. On trees.

P. FERRUGiNEUM (Huds.) Hepp. On trees.

P. MURDRUM (Hoffm.) DC. On rocks.

LEPTOGIUM Fr. Nyl.

Iv. ALBOCILIATUM Des. On trees and ground in A. S. and S. G. Mts.
L. PALMATUM (Huds.) Mont. Among moss in San Gabriel mountains.

COLLEMA Hoffm. Fr.

C. NiGRESCENS (Huds.). Ach. On trees.
PANNARIA Delis.

P. LANUGINOSA (Ach.) Koerb. On rocks and soil in San Gabriel Mts.

PELTIGERA (Willd. Hoffm.) Fee.

P. CANiNA (L,.) Hoffm. On rocks and soil among moss.

STICTA (Schreb.) Fr.

S. PULMONARiA (L.) Ach. On rocks and trees.

40

6l4 HISTORY OF PASADENA. '

UMBILICARIA Hoflfm.

U. PHAEA Tuck. On rocks.
PHYCIA (DC, Fr.) Th. Fr.

P. HiSPiDA (Schreb., Fr.) Tuck. On trees.

P. OBSCURA (Ehrh.) Nyl. On trees.

P. STELLARis (Linn.) Tuck. On trees and rocks.
PARMELIA (Ach.) De Not.

P. CAPERATA (Linn.) Ach On trees and rocks.

P. CONSPERSA (Ehrh.) Ach. On rocks,

P. OLivACEA (Linn.) Ach. On trees on Mount Lowe.

P. PERLATA (Linn.) Ach.

P. PHYSODES (Linn.) Ach. var. enteromorpha Tuck. On trees above 4000 feet.

P. TiUACEA Hoffm. Floerk. On trees.

THELOSCHISTES Norm. Emend.

T. CHRYSOPHTHALMUS (L)'nn.) Norm. var. A. Com. On shrubs and trees.

T. LYCHNEUS (Nyl.) Tuck. On trees.
USNEA (Dill.) Ach.

U. BARBATA (Lynn.) Fr. var. articulata Ach. On trees in S. G. Mts.

EVERNIA Ach., Mann.

E. vur^PiNA (Linn.) Ach. On coniferous trees above 3,500 feet.

CETRARIA (Ach.) Fr. Muell.

C. CALiFORNiCA Tuck. On trees.
RAMALINA Ach., De Not.

R. CALCARis (Linn.) Fr. var. fraxinea Fr. On trees.

R. LAEVIGATA Fr. On trees.

R. MENZiESii Tuck. On trees.

R. RETICULATA (Noehd) Krem. On telephone poles.
RHYTISMA Fries.

R. PUNCTATUM Pers. On leaves of Acer niacrophyllum. July — October.
TAPHRINA Tul.

T. DEFORMANS (Berk.) Tul. (Peach Curl.) On peach leaves. April — June.

CRYPTODISCUS Corda.

C. ATROViRENS (Fr.) Corda. On dried shrub in S. G. Mts. August.
LACHNELLA Fries. Cup-fungus.

L. CONFUSA (Linn.) Fr. On decaying wood. January — April.
LACHNEA Fries. Cup-fungus.

L. scuTELLATA (Linn.) Fr. Com. On moist soil and decaying wood.
PSEUDOPEZIZA Fckel.

P. MEDiCAGiNis Sacc. Ou leaves of alfalfa.

P. TRiFOLii (Bernh.) Fckl. On leaves of white clover.
PEZIZA Dill. Cup-fungus.

P. CHRYSOCOMA (Bull.) C. & E. On decaying wood. February — April.

P. SUBREPANDA C. & P. Moist soil at Oak Knoll. January — April.

P. viOLACEA (Gill.) Pers. Moist soil in Arroyo Seco. February — April

P. VESCICULOSA Bull. Frequent in moist soil. December — April.
HELVELLA Fries.

H. CALIFORNICA Phil. Common under trees at Oak Knoll. January — April.

H. CKISPA Fr. Under trees at Oak Knoll. April.

H. LACUNOSA Afz. Frequent in shaded soil at Oak Knoll and A. S. Feb. — April.
MORCHELLA Dill. Morel.

M. CONICA Pers. Occasional in shaded soil. February — May.

Order Uredinea:. Rusts.

UROMYCES Link.

U. BET^F. Kuehn. IL On cultivated beets.

U. CARYOPHYLLiNus (Sclirk.) Schrt. On garden pink [Dianthus.)

U. CHORizANTHis Ell. & Hark. HI. On C. staticoides. June — August.

U. ERioGONi (?) Ell. & Hark. II. On E. elongatum and E.saxaiile. May — Oct.

U. EUPHORBiyi-; C. & P. II, III. On E. serpyllifolia. June — September.

- DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 615

U. JUNCi (Desm.) Tul. II, III. On J. balticus,J. robustus, and J. xiphioides. Feb-
ruary— October.

U. 1.UPINI B. & C. I, II & III. On L. albifrons, L. formosus bridgesii, and
L. cytisoides. March — July.

U. POLYGONi (Pers.) Fckl. II. On P.aviculare. June — August.

U. TEREBiNTHi (DC.) Wint. II & III. On Rhus diversiloba. August.

U. TRiFOLii (A. & S.) Wint. I & III. On T. gracilentum, T. inacrei, T. niicro-
cephaluni, T. ciliolatutn and T. roscidum. April — June.

U. ZYGADENUS (?) Pk. II. On Z. fremotiH. March — April.
PUCCINIA Pers.

P. ACHYRODis Diet. & IIol. (n. sp. in lit.) III. On A. aureiim. June — August.

P. AMORPH.^ Curt. III. On A. Californica J.uly — September.

P. BACCHARiDis Diet. & Hol. Erythea i: 250. II & III. On^. viminea. June-
November.

P. CARicis (Schum.) Rab. II & III. C. barbarce and C.filiforniis latifolia.

P. CLARKi^ Pk. I & III. On Zaiischneria californica ; III. On (Enoth^ra bis-
torta and Godetia bottcs. May — July.

P. CONVOLVULI (Pers.) Cast. II & III. On C . occidentalis. June — August.

P. CORONATA Corda. II & III. On Holcus lanatus. May — September.

P. DiGiTATA Ell. & Hark. III. On Rhaimius crocea.

P. EULOBi Diet. & Hol. Erythea 1:249. I & III. On E. cali/ornicus. April — Aug.

P. FLOSCULOSORUM (A. & S. ) Roehl. III. On Carduiis californicus and C. occiden-
talis. February — July.

P. GAtii [Pers.] Schw. II & III. On G. californicutn, G. cinereum, and G.
nuttallii^ May — September.

P. Giti^ Hark. III. On G. attractyloides. June — August.

P. GRAMiNELLA (Speg. ) Diet. &. Hol. III. On Stipa eminens. March — June,

P. GRAMiNis Pers. II & III. On A. fatua, A. saliva. Elynius condensatus, E.
triticoides, and cultivated barley.

P. HARKNESSii Vize. III. On Ptiloria dehor iacece,^nn& — August.

P. HELiANTHii Schw, II & III. On H. annuus.

P. HiERACii (Schum.) Mart. III. On Malacothrix tenuifolia. July.

P. INVESTITA Schw. I & III. On Gnaphaliutn ealifornicurn. July.

P. jONESii Pk. III. On Velcsa argnta. April — ^July.

P. MALVACEARUM Mont. III. On M. parvijiora and hollyhock.

P. NODOSA EU. & Hark. III. On Brodicsa capilata. April.

P. MCCLATCHiANA Diet. & Hol. Erythea ii : 127. III. On Scirpus sylvaticus
microcarpiis.

P. MELLIFERA Diet. & Hol. Erythea 1:251. I & III. On Salvia mellif era. May
-July.

P. MENTHA Pers. II & III. On M. ca7iadensis. June — September.

P. PALEFACIENS Diet. & Hol. Erythea II : 128, III. On arabais holba'llii. Feb-
ruary — April.

P. piMPiNEivt^ (Straus. )I/ k. III. On Osmorrhaza brachyopoda. April — May.

P. POLYGONi-AMPHiBii Pers. II. On P. acre.

P. PROCERA Diet. & Hol. Erythea 1:249. ^ & HI- ^^ Elymus condensatus,
E. triticocoides, and E. americajius .

P. PRUNi-SPiNOS^ Pers. II & III. On leaves of cultivated plums, peaches and
apricots. July — October.

P. PULVERULENTA Grev. III. On Ephilobiuvi paniculatum. September.

P. RECONDITA Diet. &. Hol. Erythea 11: 128. III. On Artemisia vulgaris cali-
fornica. September — April.

P. RUBiGO-VERA (DC.) Wint. II & III. On wheat Bromtcs hookerianus and Hor-
dentn murinuni. March — November.

P. TANACETi DC. II & III. On. Artemisia vulgaris californica. July — November.

P. XANTHii Schw. III. On A', strumariuni. August — October.
PHRAGMIDIUM Link. *

P. SUBCORTiciUM (Schr.) wint. On leaves and stems of Rosa californica and culti-
vated roses.

P RUBi-iDAEi ( ? ) (Pers.) Wint. II. On leaves, stems, and fruit of cultivated
blackberries. July — October.
JECIDIUM Pers. Cluster Cups.

2^. ctEMATiDis DC. On C. ligtistici folia. March — July.

2^. EUPHORBIA Gmel. On E. albomarginata and E. serpyllijolia. July — September.

6l6 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

JE, PHACELi^ Pk. On p. ramossissima. February — April.

JQ. ROEsrEWOiDES E. & E. On Sidalcea delphini folia. March — May.

2^. URTIC^ Schum. On U. holosericea. February — April.
UREDO Pers.

U. FiLicuM (Lk.) Chev. On Gymnogramme triangularis. January — April.

U. PTERiDis Diet. & Hoi. Erythea ii: 127. On P. aquilina. February.
MELAMPSORA Cast.

M. SALicis-CAPPE^E (Pers.) Wint. II. On 5". lasiolepis. June — August.
PUCCINIASTRUM Otth.

P. EPiLOBii (Chain.) Otth. II. On E. adenocaulon occidentale .

Order UsiilaginecB. Smiiis.

USTlIvAGO Pers. Smit.

U. AUSTRO-AMERiCANA Speg. On Polygununi nodosum. September — November.

U. AVEN^ (Pers.) Jens. On cultivated oats. April — June.

U. BROMiNORA Fisch. de Wald. On B. hookerianus. April — June.

U. HORDEi (Pers.) K. & S. On cultivated barley. April — June.

IMPKRFBCT FUNGI.

Order Sphaeropsidecs.
PHYLLOSTICTA Pers.

P. FERAX Ell. & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 355. On leaves of Lupinus
formosus bridgesii. Sierra Madre. April.
DIPLODIA Fries.

D. UMBEtLULARi^ E. & E. (n. sp. in lit.) On U. calijornica. July — October.
HENDERSONIA Mont.

H. UMBELivULARi^ E. & E. (n. sp. in lit.) On V. californica. July — October.
ASCOCHYTA Lib.

A. GRAMINICOLA Lib. On Poa Annua. December — March.

A. MENZiEsii Ell. & Ev. (n. sp. in lit.) On leaves of Arbutus menziesii. S. G.
Mts. February.
ACTINONEMA Fries.

A. ROS^ (Lib.) Fr. On leaves of R. californica.
SEPTORIA Fries.

S. ALNIFOLIA E. & E. On leaves of A. rhombifolia. April — November.

S. DULCAMAR/E Desm. On leaves of Solanunt douglasii. January — May.

S. FUMOSA Pk. On leaves of Solidago californica. May — October.

S. IRREGULARIS Pers. On leaves of Rhus diversiloba. July — October.

S. MiMUU Ell & Kell. On leaves of M. glutinosus. June — August.

S. cENOTHER/E Westd. On leaves of ffi. biennis. June — October.

S. POLYGONORUM Desm. On leaves of /*. nodosum. June — November.

S. RHAMNi-CATHARTic^ Ces. On leaves of R. californica.

S. RUBi Westd. On leaves of R. ursipus.

S. SCROPHULARI/E Pk. On leaves of 6*. californica. Januarj' — May.
SPHAEROPSIS Lev.

S. AivNi C. & E. On bark of A. rhombifolia.
ENTOMOSPORIUM Lev.

E. MACULATUM Lev. On leaves of Heteromeles arbutifolia.
AMEROSPORIUM Speg.

A. CINCTUM Ell. & Ev. (n. sp. in lit.) On stems of Gladiolus. July.

Order Meloiiconieoe.

GLOEOSPORIUM Desm. & Mont.

G. CERCOCARPi Ell. cS: Ev. Erythea 11:25. On leaves of C. parvifolius. June-
August.
G. PHYLLACHOROIDES EU. & Ev. Erythea 1:201. On leaves of Artemisea vulgaris
californica.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCK. 617

CYLINDROSPORIUM Unger.

C. CEANOTHi Ell & Bv. On leaves of C. divaricatus. June — August.

C. ToxrcODENDRi (Curt.) Ell & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat Sc. VII: 460. On leaves
of Rhus diversiloba. July — October.
MELANCONIUM Link.

M. ACERINUM EU. & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 373. On dead limbs of
A. niacrophylluni. February and April.

M. BICOLOR Nees. On bark of Alnus rhombifolia. July — October.
MARSONIA Fisch.

M. POTENTii<i<AE (Desm. ) Fisch. On leaves of P. californica. March — July.

Order Hyphomyceteae .
OIDIUM Link.

O. ERYSiPHOiDES Fr. On Phacelia ramossissinta, P. whiilavia, Stachys californica,
Heterotheca grandijlora, Anthentis cotula, Galium aparine, Artemisia vulgaris
californica, and Helianthus annuus.
O. MONiLioiDES Lk. On Bromis americafius.
TRICHODERMA Pers.

T. LIGNORUM (Tode.) Hartz. On decaying wood. January — April.
BOTRYTIS Michx.

B. VULGARIS Fr. On withered rose petals.
PENICILLIUM Lk.

P. GLAUCUM Lk. On all kinds of decaying matter.
RAMILARIA Ung.

R. DECIPIENS EU & Ev. On leaves of Rumex crispus.

R. MEWLOTi EU. & Ev. Erythea II : 26. On M. indica. Oct.

R. URTiCAE Ces. On U. holosericea.
CERSPORELLA Sacc.

C. PROiyiFiCANS E. & E. On Sambucus glauca. April — November.
TORULA Pers.

T. SPORIDESMOIDES EU. & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 377. On bark of
dead limbs.
HORMISCIUM Kunze.

H. STiivBOSPORA (Corda) Sacc. On decaying wood.
BACTRIDIUM Kunze.

B. EivWSii Beck. On decaying wood. February — April.

DEMATIUM Pers.

D. viNOSUM Mass. On culture media in laboratory.

SCOLECOTRICHUM Kunze G Schm.

S. ASCLEPiADis EU. & Ev. Erythea I : 203. On leaves of A. eriocarpa. June —
November.

S. GRAMiNis Fckl. On cultivated barley and oats.
FUSICLADIUM Bon.

F. DEPRESSUM B. & Br. On Velaea arguta. June — August.

.CLADOSPORIUM Link.

C. AROMATicuM E. & E. (n. sp. in lit.) On leaves of Rhus aromatica. July — Aug.
C. CARPOPHILUM Thm. On ripe apricots. July — August.

C. EPIPHYHUM Pers. On leaves of Eucalyptus globulus.
C. HERBARUM (Pers.( Link. On various parts of decaying plants.
C. PAEON.^ Sacc. On leaves of P. californica. May — August.
C. TYPHARUM Desm. On T. latifolia.
CERCOSPORA Fries.

C. BETicoivA Sacc On beet leaves.

C. CIRCUMCISSA Sacc. On leaves of Primus illicifolia.

C. CLAViCARPA E. & E. Erythea 11:26. On Ptiloria virgata. July — September.

C. CROTONis E. & E. On leaves of C. californicus. June — -September.

C. EPiLOBir Schn. On leaves of E. adenocanlon occidentale. July — September.

C. HETEROMELES Hk. On leaves of H. arbutifolia. June — November.

C. NASTURTii Pass. On leaves of N. officinale. July — September.

41

6l8 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

C. ROSICOLA Pass. On leaves of cultivated roses and R. californica. July —

September.
C. SAURURi E. & E. On leaves of Aneuiopsis californica. June — October.
C. SOUAUDA Pk. On leaves of Clematis ligustictfolia. July — November.
C. vToL^ Sacc. On leaves of cultivated violets.

C. VITICOLA (Ces.) Sacc. On leaves of V. californica and cultivated grapes. June
— October.
HETEROSPORIUM Klotzsch.

H. EUCALYPTI E. & E. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. So. 1894, p. 381. On E. globulus

leaves. November.
H. EUCALYPTI E. &. E. var. maculicolum (n. var. in lit.) On leaves of Eriodic-

tyon calif ornicum . June — August.
H. PHRAGMITES (Opiz) Klot. On corn leaves. September — November.
CONOTHECIUM Corda.

C. UMBELLULARi^ E. & E. (n. sp. in lit.) On stems of U . californica. June —
October.
MACROSPORIUM Fries.

M. CAUDATUM C. & E. On dead leaves of Vitis californica. August.

M. MAYDis C. & E. On corn leaves.

M. PELARGONii Ell & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 383. On leaves of

cultivated Geranium. February.
M. SOLANI Ell. & Mart. On potato leaves.
STEMPHYLIUM Walk.

S. MACROSPOROiDEUM B. & Br. On culture media in laboratory.
S. ALTERNARivE Cke. On culture media in laboratory.
EPICOCCUM Lk.

E. NEGLECTUM Desni. On corn leaves. September — November.
PODOSPORIELIvA EU. & Ev. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1894, p. 385.

P. HUMILIS E. & E. Ibid. On leaves of Garrya veatchii. June — October.

CLASS III. BASIDIOMYCETES. Puff-Balis, Toadstools, Pore-Fungi.
Order Gasteroniycetecs . Puff-balls.

PHALLUS Mich. Stink-horn.

P. RAVENELii B. & C. Frequent in rich soil and in lawns. October — March.
SECOTIUM Mont.

S. DECiPiEN.s Pk. (n. sp. in lit.) Common along gutters.
GEASTER Mich. Earth-star.

G. LIMBATUS Fr. O.K.; A. S. under trees. February — April.

G. MINIMIS Schw. Oak Knoll. February — April.

G. SACCATUS Fr. Arroyo Seco. March.
ASTR.EUS Morg. Hygrometric Earth-star.

A. HYGROMETRICUS (Pers.) Morg. Com. under trees. January — March.
TYLOSTOMA Pers. Stalked puff-ball.

T. CAMPESTRE Morg. Along Wilson Trail and in dry soil at Devil's Gate. Janu-
ary— ^July.

CALVATIA Fr. PufiF-ball.

C. C.^LATA Bull. In rich soil. February — April.

C. FRAGiLLS Vitt. In lawn and along Wilson Trail, 4,000 feet. January— October.
C. HESPERiA Morg. (n sp. in lit.) Along streets and in yards. November — De-
cember.

LVCOPERDON Tonrn. Puff-ball.

L. CEP.ivSFORME Bull. Oak knoll. January — March.

L. MOLLE Pers. Along street. December — March.
CATASTOMA Morg.

C. CIRCUMCI.S.SUM (B. & C.) Morg. Along street. February— March.
BOVISTA Dill. Puff-ball.

B. AMMOPHiLA Lev. Com. below 2,000 feet. December — March.
SELERODERMA Pers.

S. VULGARE Fr. Frequent in rich soil. September^anuary.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE.

619

CYATHUS Hall.

C. vERNicosus (Bull.) DC. On decaying wood and in soil. March — May.
CRUCIRULUM Tul. Bird-nest fungus.

C. VULGARE Tul. On decaying wood and in soil in and near the A. S. February
— April.

, Order — Hymenoinycetes, Toadstools, Pore-Fungi, etc.

AMANITA Fries.

A. PHALTvOiDES Fr. Com. under oak trees. February — April, Poisonous.

AMANITOPSIS Roze.

A. VELOSA Pk. (n. sp. in lit.) Com. under oaks. February — May. Edible.

LEPIOTA Fries.

L. ANGUSTANA Britz. Frequent under trees. December — February.

L. FUI.VODISCA Peck. . Tor. Bull. 22. 198. Among moist leaves in Arroyo Seco.
January.

Iv. NAUCiNOiDES Pk. Abundant in lawns. August — November. Edible.
ARMILLARIA Fries.

A. MEivLEA Vahl. Com. at base of trees and stumps. September— January. Edi-
ble.

A. MEtLEA Vahl. Var: nigripes Pk. (n. var. in lit.) On willow trunk in W. C.
December.
TRICHOLOMA Fries. Pers.

T. EQUESTRE Linn. Among leaves under oaks. February.

T. MELAI.EUCUM Peri. Under oaks in W. C. January.

T. NUDUM Bull. Frequent under trees. January — March.

T. RUssuivA Schaef. Under oaks in O. K. C. February.
COIvLYBIA Fries.

C. ALBOGRISEA Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:199. Frequent in W. C. January and February.

C. DRYOPHii:,A Bull. Frequent among leaves under trees. January and February.

A. J. McClatchie, del.

MYCENA ACICULA.
Two-thirds natural size.

620 HISTORY OP PASADENA.

MYCENA Fries.

M. ACICULA Schaef. On decaying wood. February.

M. ATROALBOiDES Pk . Abundant among wet leaves. December — February.
M. EivKGANTULA Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:199. Abundant among wet leaves. Decem-
ber— February.

RUSSULA Fries.

R. EMETICA Fr. Com. under oaks. November — March. Poisonous. •

LACTARIUS Fries.

L. CAMPHORATUS Fr. Com. under oaks. January — March.
L. INSULSUS Fr. Com. under oaks. January — March.

CLITOCYBE Fries.

C. PUSiLLA Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:199. On manure. February.
C. TORTiLis Bolt. In moist soil in A. S. February.

OMPHALIA Fries.

O. PYXIDATA Bull. On moist banks. December — February.

O. PYXIDATA Bull. var. FURCATA Pk. (n. var. in lit.) Com. in waste soil. Janu-
ary— March.

PLEUROTUS Fries.

P. OSTREATUS Jacq. (Oyster mushroom.) On decaying wood. January — March,

Edible.
P. SAPIDUS Kalch. On decaying wood. January — March. Edible.

HYGROPHORUS Fries.

H. ERUBESCENS Fr. Com. under oaks. December — January.

LENZITES Fries,

L. BETUUNA Fr. On oak stumps in M. C. and in W. C. January — March.

SCHIZOPHYLLUM Fries.

S. COMMUNE Fr. Com. on decaying logs.
VOLVARIA Fries. J

V. SPECIOSA Fr. Com. in grain fields and waste ground. Jan. — March. Edible. ^

ENTOLOMA Fries.

E. FERUGINANS Pk. Tor. Bull 22:200. Abundant under oaks. January — April.

Edibles. J

IvEPTONIA Fries. \

L. EDULiS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:201. Frequent in grass and among weeds. December
— February. Edible.
ECCILIA Fries.

E. NIGRICANS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:202. Abundant in waste soil. December — March.
Edible.
PHOLIOTA Fries.

P. ANOMALA Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:202. Among leaves in A. S. January — March.
P. PRAECOX Pers. In grass. March — ^June.
PLUTEOLUS Fries.

P. LUTEUS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:203, Among leaves and grass under trees. February
— March.
BOLBITIUS Fries.

B. FRAGitis Fr. var. albipes Pk. m. var. in lit.) In grass. January.
B. TENER Berk. In lawns. April — ^June.
HEBELOMA Fries.

H. FOED.A.TUM Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:202. In grass along streets. January — March.
H. iSCHNOSTvi.UM Cke. Among leaves in the A. S. January— March.
H. MESOPHOEUM Fr. Among moss in A. S. December — March. J

NAUCORIA Fries. |

N. MEMNOIDES F'r. In grass. March— May.

N. SEM10KBICULARI.S Bull. Com. among grass and weeds. February — ^June.
GALERA Fries.

G. T.ATKRITIA Fr. In lawns, .^pril — ^June.
G. ovAi.is PV. In rich soil. February — June.
G. TKNiCRA Schaeff. In lawns. Very common.
TUBARIA Smith.

T. PAi^LESCENS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:202. On leaves and sticks under trees. Janu-
ary— March.

i

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIKNCK.

621

.■v^"

r-iTf-ff-^

A J, McClatuhie, <lel.

PLUTEOLUS LUTEUS.
One-half natural size.
CREPIDOTUS Fries.

C. HEPATizoN Berk. On decaying stumps in A. S. December — March.
C. HERBARUM Pk. On leaves and sticks in A. S. January — March.
C. SUBVERANTUS Pk. (n. sp. in lit.) Com. on leaves and sticks. December —
April.

CORTINARIUS Fries.

C. viRGATUS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:203. Among leaves under trees at O. K. February.
AGARICUS Linn.

A. CALiFORNicus Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:203. Com. under oaks. December — February.
Edible.

A. CAMPESTER L. (Common mushroom.) In forging shop and in gardens. Edible.

STROPHARIA Fries.

S. BiLAMELivATA Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:204. Along street. January. Edible.

S. SEMiGLOBATA Batsch. In lawns. April — ^June.

S. STERCORARIA Fr. On manure in woods. December — March.

HYPHOLOMA Fries.

H. APPENDICULATUM Bull. Ameng leaves in W. C. January — February.

H. FASCICULARE Hud. At base of stumps, A. S., R. C. January — March.

H. INCERTUM Pk. In soil under trees. December — February.

H. LONGiPES Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:204. Among wet leaves in canons. January —

March.
H. MADEODISCUM Pk. Among leaves in in L. R. C. Januarj' — February.
H. PERPivEXUM Pk. On rotten wood in R. C. March.

PSATHYRELIvA Fries.

P. DISSEMINATA Pers. At the base of stumps. December — March.

PANAEOLUS Fries.

P. DiGRESSUS Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:205. Oil manure. July.

622

HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

December — April .

P. iNTERMEDius Pk. Tor. Bull. 22:205, In sandy soil along streets and in washes.
January — March.

P. RETIRUGIS Fr. In rich soil. April — ^June.

P. suB-BAivTEATUS B. & Br. Common in lawns. April — June.
COPRINUS Pers. (Dissolving Toadstools.)

C. CALYPTRATUS Pk. In rich cultivated soil. March — May.

C. COMATUS Fr. (Shaggy-maned mushroom.) In rich soil. Edible.

C. CONGREGATus Bull. In rich soil. March.

C. LAGOPUS Fr. In manure. January — March.

C. MiCACEUS Fr. At base of trees and stumps. December — April.

C. PLiCATiLis Fr. In rich soil. March.

C. PLUMBEUS Pk. In lawn. June — August. ,

C. RADiATUS Fr. On manure. March.
BOLETUS Dill. Stalked Pore-fungus.

B. SUBTOMENTOSUS L. Com. under trees.
POLYPORUS Mich. Pore-fungus.

P. ADUSTUS (Willd.) Fr. On decaying logs and stumps. December — March.

P. BULBiPES Fr. San Gabriel Mts. March — May.

P. DENDRiTicus Fr. On decaying boards. January — March.

P. GiLVUS Schw. On decaying oak.

P. LEUCOMEl,AS Fr. San Gabriel Mts. March — ^May.

P. tEUSCULUM B. & C. ■ On decaying oak.

P. ROSEUS A. & S. On decaying Pseudoisuga in San Gabriel Mts.

P. SCRUPiRUS Fr. On decaying wood.

P. SULPHUREUS (Bull.) Fr. On decaj'ed wood. February — April.

FOMES Fries.

F. APPLANATUS (Pers. ) Wallr. On decaying oaks. December — May.

F. iGNiARius (L.) Fr. On decaying oak.

F. LUCiDUS (Leys.) Fr. On decaying oak. January — April.
POLYSTICTUS Fries.

P. HiRSUTus Fr. On decaying wood. January — ^June.

P. PERGAMENUS Fr. On decaying Pseudotstiga in San Gabriel Mts.

P. VERSICOLOR (L.) Fr. On decaying wood. December — April.

HYPHOLOMA FASCICULARE.
Two-fifths natural size.

DIVISION KIGHT — SCIE^NCE. 623

TRAMETES Fries.

T. PECKii Kalch. On decaying wood.

FAVOLUS Fries.

E. PURPURASCENS B. & C. On decaying wood in San Gabriel Mts.
MERULIUS Hall.

M. CORIUM Fr. On decaying oak. December — May.

M. i^ACHRYMANS Fr. On moist soil and decaying wood. January — April.
PHLEBIA Fries.

P. MERISMOIDES Fr. On decaying bark. January — April.
RADULUM Fries.

R. ORBICULARE Fr. On decaying bark. January — April.
HYDNUM Linn.

H. OCHRACEUM Pers. On decaj'ing oak bark. March — May.
STERUM Pers.

S. ALBOBADiUM Schw. On burnt and decaying wood and bark.

S. GALEATii Berk. On oak bark.

S. HiRSUTUM (Willd.) Fr. On oak bark. Common.

S. MOLLE Lev. On oak bark.

S. PURPUREUM Pers. On decaying wood and bark.

S. SPADICEUM Fr. On oak bark.

S. TRiSTE B. & C. On burnt wood.

S. VERSICOLOR (Schw.) Fr. Com. on oak bark.
CORTICIUM Fries.

C. CARNEUM B. & C. On decaying wood.

C. CINEREUM (Pers.; Fr. On stems of Adenostoma.

C. COMEDEUS (Nees.) Fr. On decaying oak branches.

C. LACTEIUM Fr. On decaying sycamore. January — April.

C. SEBACEUM (Cke.) Mass. On moss. January.

HYMENOCHAETE Lev.

H. RUBIGINOSA (Schr.) Lev. On decaying roots and stumps.

PENIOPHORA Cooke.

P. MORICOLA Berk. On dry wood.

P. OCHRACEA (Fr.) Mass. On decaying sycamore.

P. OUERCINA (Fr.) Cke. On oak bark.
CONIOPHORA D. C.

C. FUMOSA Pers. On sycamore bark.
CLAVARIA Vaill.

C. CORALLOIDES Linn. Among leaves at O. K. January — March.

C. GRISEA Pers. Among leaves at O. K. January — March.

C. INAKQUALIS Berk. Among leaves at O. K. January — March.

C. LiGUlvA Fr. Under oaks at O. K. January — March.

TREMELLA Dill.

T. AURANTIA Schw. On decaying wood. December — March.

T. INFLATA Fr. On rotton wood. March.
EXIDIA Fries.

E. GLANDULOSA Fr. On dead oak branches. December — March.

CLASS IV. RHODOPHYCE.^.

Order Floridece.

BATRACHOPERMUM Roth.

B. GELATiNOSUM (L.) Woods. Stream in Arroyo Seco.
B. VAGUM Ag. Streams in A. S. and M. C.

624 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

BRYOPHYTA.

CLASS I. HEPATIC.^. Liverworts.

Order RicciacecB.
RICCIA Linn.

R. AGGREGATA Und. Bot. Gaz. 19:275. Com. on bank and trodden soil. Decem-
ber— April.
R. ARVENSis Aust. var. hirta Aust. Com. on banks and in gravelly soil below 3000

feet. December — April.
R. Gi,AUCA Linn. Shaded soil. January — April.
SPH.^ROCARPUS Mich.

S. TERRESTRis Mich. var. calieornicus Aust. Com. on moist compact soil. Jan-
uary ^April.

Order MarchantiacecB.
MARCHANTIA Linn.

M. polymorpha Linn. Wet soil. O. K. ; A. S. ; Wilson Trail.
GRIMALDIA Raddi.

G. CAL,iFORNiCA Gottsche. Shaded soil, Wilson Trail, 4000 feet. March — ^June.

CRYPTOMITRIUM Aust.

C. TENERUM Aust. Moist, shaded soil in canyons, below 3000 feet. March — ^June.
■ASTERELLA Pal. de Beauv.

A. CAEIFORNICA (Hampe.) Und. Com. on shaded soil below 5000 feet. Novem-
ber— April.

A. NUDATA (Howe) Und. Frequent in gravelly soil below 2,000 feet. February —
April.

AYTONIA Forst.

A. ERYTHROSPERMA (Sulliv.) Und. Wet soil. R. C. Wilson Trail, 5,000 feet.
March — May.
LUNULARIA Mich.

L. CRUCiATiA (Linn.) Dum. Com. in green-houses.
TARGIONIA Mich.

T. HYPOPHYi,LA Linn. Com. on shaded banks below 4,000 feet. December —
April.

Order AnthocerotacecB .

ANTHOCEROS Linn. Horned-liverwort.

A. FUSiFORMis Aust. Moist soil. Not common. March — May.

A. LAEVis L. Frequent on wet rocks along streams. January — September.

Order Jicyigermaniacecz. Scale-mosses.

FOSSOMBRONIA Raddi.

F. 1.0NGISETA Aust. Com. on shaded banks. December — April.
FRULLANIA Raddi. Scale-moss.

M. BOLANDERi Aust. Bark on trees in S. G. Mts. December — ^June.
MADOTHECA Dumort. Scale-moss.

M. BOLANDERI Aust. Com. on rock in S. G. Mts. December — April.

CLASS II. MUSCI.

Order Bryacecc. True Mosses.
EUCLADIUM Br. & Sch.

E. vERTiciLi.ATUM (Unn.) B. & S. Shaded soil in S. G. Mts. None bearing sporo-
gonia collected.

DICRANOWEISIA Lindb.

D. ciRRHATA (Hedw.) Lindb. Shaded soil in S. G. Mts. March— May.
FISSIDENS Hedw.

F. GRANDIFRON.S Brid. Under swiftly running water in canyons S. G. Mts.
F. LiMBATUS Sulliv. Com. in shaded soil. February — May.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 625

BARBULA Hedw.

B. MUELLERT B. & S. Frequent on rocks. February — May.

B RURALis (Linn.) Hedw. Com. on rocks atid soil. February — May.

B. viNEALis Brid. Frequent in S. G. Mts. and A. S. March— June.

GRIM MIA Ehrh.

G. CALIFORNICA Sulliv. On dry rocks in S. G. Mts. March — ^June.

G. ivEUCOPHyE^A Grev. Com. on rocks and bark of trees. February — May.

G. TRiCHOPHVLLA Grev. Com. on rocks and bark of trees, February — May

HEDWKtIA Ehrh.

H. CILIATA (Dicks.) Ehrh. Frequently on rocks in S. G. Mts. April— July.

ORTHOTRICHUM Hedw.

O. ivYELLii H. & T. Com. on bark of trees, especially in S. G. Mts. March —
May.

FUNARIA Schreb.

F. HYGROMETRiCA (Linn). Sibth. Com. below 3, quo feet. December — March.

BARTRAMIA Hedw.

B. MENZiESii Turn. Com. in S. G. Mts. February — April.

LEPTOBRYUM Schimp.

L. PYRIFORME (Linn.) Schimp. Com. in shaded soil below 3,000 feet. February —
April.

WEBERA Hedw.

W. NUTANS (Schreb.) Hedw. Shady canyon sides and decaying logs. Feb. — April.

BRYUM Dill.

B. ARGENTEUM Dinn. Com. below 2,000 feet. February — May.

B TORQUESCENS B. & S. Frequent below 4,000 feet. March — June.

B. TURBINATUM Schw. Foothills S. G. Mts. March — May.

AULACOMNIUM Schwaegr.

A. ANDROGYNUM (Linn.) Schw. Near Strain's Camp, Wilson's Peak. April —
May.
POLYTRICHUM Linn.

P. PiiviFERUM Schreb. Echo Mt. No specimens bearing sporogonia found.

ALSIA Sulliv. Feather moss.

A. ABIETINA Sull. Com. on rocks and trees in S. G. Mts. April — May.
A. LONGIPES S. & L. Frequent on rocks in S. G. Mts. None bearing sporogonia
collected.
PTEROGONIUM Swartz.

P. GRACiLE (Linn.) Swartz. Rocks in canyons S. G. Mts. None bearing sporo-
gonia collected.
ANTITRICHIA Brid.

A. CALIFORNICA Sull. Wet rocks in Rubio Canyon. None bearing sporogonia col-
lected.

CLAOPODIUM Dill.

C. LEUCONEURUM S. & L. Rubio Canyon. None bearing sporogonia collected.

CAMPTOTHECIUM Dill.

G. ARENARIUM (Lesq.) Ren. & Card. On dry rocks and soiL February — May.
C. PiNNATiFiDUM S. &. L. Com. on rocks in A. S. and canyons of S. G. Mts.

BRACHYTHECIUM Schrimp.

B. RUTABUI.UM S. & L. Canyons of S. G. Mts. March— May.

SCLEROPODIUM Schrimp.

S. CAESPITOSUM (Wils.) Br. & Sch. On dry rocks in A. S. and R. C. March— June.

S. ILLECEBRUM (L.) Br. & Sch. Canyons of S. G. Mts. March — May. Common.

S. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Hook) Kiudb. On rocks under running water in R. C. None
bearing sporogonia collected.
EURYNCHIUM Schrimp.

E. STOKESii (Turn.) B. & S. Rubio Canyon. None bearing sporogonia collected,

RHYNCHOSTEGIUM Schrimp.

R. SERRULATUM Hedw. Rubio Canyon. None bearing sporogonia collected.

42

626 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

AMBLYSTEGIUM Schrimp.

A. IRRIGUM Hook. & Wils. Moist soil in R. C. None bearing sporogouia collected.
A. SERPENS (Linn.) B. & S. Com. along streams. February — May.

PTERIDOPHYTA.

CLASS I. FILICIN.E.
Order Filices. Ferns.

CYSTOPTERIS Bernh. Bladder-fern.

C. FRAGILIS Bernh. L. St. A. C, Rare. January — July.
ASPIDIUM Swz. Shield-fern.

A. MUNiTUM Kaulf. M. C, R. C, Eaton C, Mt. L., W. Pk.

A. RiGiDUM Swz. var. argutum Eat. A. S., S. G. Mts., Com.
ASPLENIUM Linn. Spleenwort.

A. TRiCHOMANES Linn. var. incisum Moore. M. C, L. St. C. Not. common.
WOODWARDIA Smith. Chain-fern.

W. RADiCANS Sm. O. K., A. S., M. C, R. C, Eaton C, L. St. A. C.
PELL.^A Link. Cliff brake.

P. ANDROMED^FOLiA Fee. (CoflFee-fern. ) O. K., A. S., S. G. Mts. Com.

P. ORNiTHOPUS Hook. (Bird-foot-fern.) A. S., S. G. Mts. Com.
PTERIS Linn. Brake.

P. AOUiLiNA Linn. (Common brake.) O. K., A. S., M. C, R. C. Com. Janu-
ary— October.
ADIANTUM Linn. Maidenhair.

A. CAPiLLUS-VENERis. Linn. (Venus' Hair.) M. C, R. C, E. C. Abundant.

A. EMARGINATUM Hook. O. K., A. S. Abundant, January — ^June.

A. PEDATUM Linn. L. St. A. C. Rare.
CHEILANTHES Swz.

C. CALiFORNiCA Mett. (Lace-fern.) A. S., S. G. Mts. Com.

C. MYRIOPHYLLA Desv. Mt. L., W. Pk. Com. above 4,000 feet. December — ^July.
NOTHOL^NA R. Br.

N. NEWBERRVi Eat. (Cotton-fern.) Echo Mt. Rare.
GYMNOGRAMME Desf.

G. TRIANGULARIS Kaulf. (Golden-back fern.) O. K., A. S., S. G. Mts. Decem-
ber— April.
POLYPODIUM Linn. Polypody.

P. CALiFORNicuM Kaulf. A. 8., S. G. Mts. Com December — ^June.

Order Salviniacea;.
AZOLLA Lam.

A. FltlcULOlDES Lam. O. K., A. S. Abundant. June — August.

CLASS II. EQUISITIN.S:.
Order Equisetacece. Horse-tails.

EQUISETUM Linn. Horse-tail. Scouring-rush.

E. MEXICANUM Milde. A. S., M. C: January — March.

E. ROBUSTUM A. Br. A. S., M. C, R. C. , E. C.

E. TELMATEIA Ehrh. O. K., A. S. Abundant. January — October.

CLASS III. LYCOPODIN^E. CLUB-MOSSES.

Order Selaginellacecc.

SELAGINELLA Beauv. Little Club-moss.

S. RUPESTKis (L.) Spring. A. S., S. G. Mts. Common. January— March.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. • 627

SPERMAPHYTA.

CLASS I. GYMNOSPERM^E.

Coniferce. Conifers.
PINUS Tourn. Pine.

P. ALBiCAUUS Eng. W. Pk. April — ^June.

P. MOXOPHYLLA. T. & F. (Nut Pine.) Mt. Lowe. A single specimen.*

P. MONTICOLA Dougl. W. Pk. April — ^June.

P. PONDEROSA Dugl. W. Pk. April June.
PSEUDOTSUGA Carr. False Hemlock.

P. MACROCARPA (Torr.) Lem. S. G. Mts. Com. April— ^June.
LIBOCEDRUS Endl. White Cedar.

L DECURRENS Torr. W. Pk. April — ^June.
JUNIPER Limn. Juniper.

J. CALiFORNiCA Carr. Near Sierra Madre. March — May.

CLASS II. ANGIOSPERM^E.

Sub-Glass I. Monocotyledones.

Typhaceis.
TYPHA Tourn. Cat Tail.

T. ANGUSTiFOLiA Linn. O. K. March — June.
T. LATiFOLiA Linn. O. K., A. S. March— June.

Naiadacece.

POTAMOGETON Tourn. Pond- weed.

P. PECTiNATus Linn. O. K. April — ^June.

P. PUSiLLUS Linn. O. K. April— June.
ZANNICHELLIA Presl.

Z. PALUSTRis Linn. O. K. April — ^June.

GraminecE. Grasses.
ANDROPOGON Linn.

A. MACROURUS Michx. R. C, E. C. August— October.

A. SORGHUM Brot. (Sorghum.) Occasionally escaped, and often persisting in old
sorghum fields.

PASPULUM Linn.

P. DiSTiCHUM Linn. (Knot-grass.) Com. shaded soil. August — October.

PANICUM Linn.

P. CAPir^LARE Linn. (Old witch grass.) Along streets and in waste soil. July —

October.
P. CRUS-GALLi Linn. (Barn grass.) Along streets and in waste soil. July — Sept.t
P. SANGUINALE Linn. (Crab grass.) Along streets and in waste soil. July — Sep.

SETARIA Beauv.

S. GLAUCA (Linn.) Beauv. (Fox- tail grass.) In cultivated soil. June— September.

PHALARIS Linn.

P. INTERMEDIA Bosc. (Canary grass. ) Waste places in Pasadena. March— June.

* This is the only tree of the Indian nut pine known to exist on the front or middle ranges of our
Pasadena mountains, and it has a history. On October 10, 1887, Jason and Owen Brown built a cairn on
this mountain top. iSee page 369, " Mt Lowe.") They noticed this rare tree, with its roots so much
denuded by rain-wash and wind that it was ready to die ; and they gathered and brought soil in their
little tin dinner pail to pack around its e.'cposed roots, thus saving its life at that time, and hence it has
been called the "Osawatamie pine tree." Then on August 15, 1893, Dr. Reid and wife found it perishing
again from the same causes; and Mrs. Reid gathered loose dirt and mulch from between rocks and
dragged it on an old barley sack which she had found, to the roots of the tree, while the Doctor laid up
a wall of rocks on the lower side to hold the dirt in place ; and so its life was saved again. They also
broke off some of its dead branches, to give the live part a better chance. The tree was then ten or
twelve feet high. There are said to be some trees of the same species on San Gabriel peak, but this is
not yet verified bj' competent testimony. — Ed.

628 ■ HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ARISTIDA Linn.

A. DiVARiCATA HBK. Altadena. June— September.

STIPA Linn. Feather grass.

S. CORONATA Thurb. S. G. Mts. June— September.

S. EMINHNS Cav. O. K.. S. G. Mts. April— July.

S. SETIGERA Presl. O. K., S. G. Mts. April— June.
MUHLENBERGIA Trin.

M. DEBiLis Trin. Arroyo Seco. May— July.

M. MEXiCANA (Linn.) Trin. A. S., M. C, R. C, E. C. June— September.

PHLEUM Linn.

P. PRATENSE Linn. (Timothy.) Along streets and in lawns. June — September.

SPOROBOLUS R. Br.

S. AiROiDES (Steud.) Torr. Along streets. July— September.

EPICAMPES Presl.

E. RiGENS Benth. Arroyo Seco. June — August.

POLYPOGON Desf.

P. LiTTORALiS Smith. Moist soil in Lincoln Park. May— July.

P. MONSPELiENSis Desf. Moist soil about Pasadena. April— July.
AGROSTIS Linn. Bent grass.

A. ATTENUATA Vasey. R. C. June — August.

A. EXARATA Trin. O. K., A. S. May— June.

A. MiCROPHYLLA Steud. Altadena, Sierra Madre. June — August.

A. VERTICILI.ATA Vill. O. K., R. C. June — August.

GASTRIDIUM Beauv.

G. AUSTRAI.E Beauv. Altadena, Sierra Madre. June— August.

HOLCUS Linn.

H. LANATUS Linn. O. K., Santa Anita. June — August.

TRISETUM Beauv.

T. BARBATUM Steud. Arroyo Seco. May— June.
A VENA Linn. Oats.

A. BARBATA Stcud. (Wild oats.) Along streets. March— July.

A. FATUA Linn. (Wild oats.) Com. below 2,000 feet. February — ^June.

CYNODON Rich.

C. DACTYLON Pers. (Bermuda grass.) Along streets and in lawns. March— July.

ERAGROSTIS Beauv.

E. MEXICANA Trin. Along streets. August — October.

MELICA Linn.

M. IMPERFECTA Trin. Com. in unbroken soil below 3,000 feet. April — August.

DISTICHLIS Raf.

D. MARiTiMA Raf. Moist soil south of Pasadena. April — July.

DACTYLIS Linn.

D. GLOMERATA Linn. Orchard Grass. ) O. K., Santa Anita. June — August.

ACHYRODES Boehm.

A. AUREUM (Linn.) O. Ktze. Com. below 2,000 feet. March — June.

POA Linn. Meadow grass.

P. ANNUA Linn. (Goose grass.) Along streets and in lawns.

P. PRATENSiS Linn. (Kentucky blue grass.) Along streets and in lawns. April —
September.

P. TENUiKOWA Thurb. Oak Knoll. April — ^June.
ATROPIS Rupr.

A. SCABRELLA Thurb. O. K., San G. Mts. April — June.
FESTUCA Linn.

F. ELATIOR Linn. var. pratensis Linn. O. K. April — ^June.
F. microstachVs Nutt. O. K., A. S. April— July.

F. MYURUS Linn. Com. below 3,000 feet. March — ^July.
F. TENELivA Willd. Oak Knoll. April— June.
BROMUS Linn. Brome grass.

B. ciiviATusLinn. O. K, S. G. Mts. April— August.

B. HOOKERiANUS Thrub, Com. below 2,000 feet. April — ^July.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 629

R.MAXIMUS Desf. Com. below 2,000 feet. April — ^July.
B. MOLLIS Linn. Along streets April — July.

B. RIGIDUS Roth. Devil's Gate. April— July.

LOLIUM Linn. Darnel.

L. PERRNNE Linn. (Perennial rye grass) Com. in cultivated soil. April — July.
L. TEMULENTUM Linn. (Bearded Darnel.) Com. in cultivated soil and along
streets. April — ^July.

HORDEM Linn. Barley.

H. MURiNUM Linn. (Wild Barley) Com. below 1,800 feet. March — ^July. .

ELYMUS Linn. Wild Rye.

E. AMERiCANUS V. & S. Oak Knoll. April— June.

E. CONDENSATus Presl. O. K.; A. S.; foothills of S. G. Mts. April— July.

E. SiBiRicus Linn. S. G. Mts. June— August.

E. SITANION Schult. O. K. Along streets. April— June.

E. TRiTicoiDES Nutt. A. S.; foothills of S. G. Mts. June — September.

Cyperacece.
CYFERUS Linn.

C. DiANDRUS Torr. Var. capitatus Brit. Oak Knoll.

C. ERYTHRORRHizos Muhl. O. K.; Baldwin's Ranch. July — October.

C. LAKViGATUS Linn. Arroyo Seco. August — November.
SCIRPUS Linn. BuUrush. Club-rush.

S. LACUSTRis Linn. var. occidentalis Wats. Oak Knoll. April — ^June.

S. OLNEYi Gr. O. K.; A. S.

S. RiPARius Spreng. Oak Knoll. February — June.

S. SYLVATicus Linn. var. microcarpus (Presl.) McM. O. K.; A. S. Ma}' —
August.
HELEOCHARIS R. Br. Spike-rush.

H. acicularis (Linn.) R. Br. Oak Knoll.

H. ARENicoLA Torr. Oak Knoll ; A. S. April — ^June.

H. PALUSTRis (Linn.) R. Br.
CAREX Linn. Sedge.

C. BARBARAS Dewey. O K.; R. C. February — ^June.

C. FiLiFORMis Linn. var. lanuginosa (Michx. ) B. P. S. O. K.; A. S. Feb-
ruary— May.

C. MULTiCAULis Bailey. Mt. Lowe. April — June.

C. SPISSA Bailey. O. K.; R. C. February — May.

C. TERETIUSCULA Good. var. ramosa Boott. R. C. ; L. St. A. C. June —
August.

C. TRiouETRA Bott. Hills near Arroyo Seco. March — May.

Leninacea .
LEMNA Linn. Duckweed.

L. GiBBA Linn. Johnson's Lake.
L. VALDiviANA Phil. O. K.; A. S.

Juncacece. Rush Family.

JUNCUS Linn. Bog-Rush.

J. BALTICUS Deth. O. K ; A. S. May— July.

J. BUFONius Linn. Com. in moist soil below 1000 feet. March — ^June.

J. COMPRESSUS HBK. Oak Knoll. July — September.

J. DUBius Eng. Oak Knoll. July— September.

J. LONGISTYLIS Torr. O. K.; A. S. June — August.

J. NODOSUS Linn. O. K. ;A. S.; M. C. June— August.

J. PHAEOCEPHALUS Eng. O. K. ; A. S. June — August.

J. ROBUSTus Wats. O. K., A. S., M. C. April — August. Used by the Indians for

basket making.
J. XIPHIOIDES Mey. O. K., A. S. May— July.

43

630

HISTORY OF PASADKNA.

Liliacece. Lily Fainily.

ZYGADENUS Michx.

Z. FREMONTi Torr. Hills near Arroyo Seco. March — April.

CALOCHORTUS Pursh. Mariposa Lily.

C. ALBUS Dougl. A. S., San Gabriel Mts. May— June.

C. caTalinaE Wats. Hills southwest of Pasadena. February — May.

C. SPLENDENS Dougl. Hills near A. S., San Gabriel Mts. May — ^June.

C. wEEDii Wood var. pukpurascens Wats. L. P., Hills near Pasadena. June —
July.
MUILLA Wats.

M. SEROTINA Greene. O. K., A. S, Echo Mt. April— June.

LILIUM Linn. Lily.

L HUMBOLTDii R. & L. (Wild Tiger Lily.) A. S., canyons of San Gabriel Mts.
June — ^July.

BRODL^A Smith.

B. CAPiTATA Benth. (Cluster Lily.) Common below 3000 feet. February — May.
B. MINOR Wals. South Los Robles Ave. April — May.

BLOOMERIA Keil.

B. AUREA (Hook.) Kell. (Golden Cluster Lily.) O. K., A. S. April— May.

YUCCA WHIPPLEI.— Spanish Bayonet.
Showing one plant in bloom, and an old stem still retaining some of its seed pods.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 63I

CHLOROGALUM Kunth. Soap Plant.

C. POMERiDiANUM Kutith. O. K., A. S. and adjacent hills, S. G. Mts. May and
June.
FRITILLARIA Linn.

F. BIFLORA Lindl. Arroy Seco. February — April.
YUCCA Linn. Spanish Bayonet.

Y. WHIPPLEI Torr. Common on hills and in S. G. Mts. May — July.

Iridacca;. Iris Family.

SISYRINCHIUM Linn. Blue-eyed Grass.

S. BELLUM Wats. Common below 1,500 feet. February — April.

Orchidacecc. OrcJiids.
EPIPACTIS Haller.

E. GIGANTEA Dougl. A. S., Eaton C, April and May.

HABENARIA Willd.

H. LEUCOSTACHYS Wats. Eaton Canyon. April — June.

H. UNAi^.^SCHENSiS Wats. Hills near Pasadena, Echo Mt,, W. C. April— June.

SUB-CLASS II. DIGOTYLEDONES.
Division 1. Choripetalae. Separate-petaled Plants.

Jiiglandacece.
JUGLANS Linn. Walnut.

J. CAUFORNICA Wats. (California Walnut). Hills near Arroyo Seco. April.

Salicacece.

POPULUS Touru. Poplar. Cottonwood.

P. TRiCHOCARPA Torr. & Gr. (Cottonwood.) A. S., M. C. March and April.
SALIX Tourn. Willow.

S. LAEVIGATA Bebb. (Black willow.) O. K., A. S. April.

S. LASiANDRA Benth. O. K., A. S. May.

S. LASiOLEPis Benth. (White Willow.) O. K., A. S , M. C, R. C. December-
February.

S. LONGiFOLiA Muhl. Arroyo Seco. March and April.

Betulacece. ,

AIvNUS Tourn. Alder.

A. RHOMBIFOLIA Nutt. A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. January and February.

Fa£-ace(Z.
QUERCUS Linn. Oak.

Q. AGRiFOLiA Nee. (Red Oak.) Com. from O. K. to Sierra Madre. April.

O. CHRYSOLEPis Liebm. (Live Oak.) S. G. Mts. April.

Q. DUMOSA Nutt. (Scrub Oak.) Hills near A. S., foothills of S. G. Mts. March

and April.
O. ENGELMANNi Greene. (White Oak, Blue Oak.) Com. from O. K. to Sierra
Madre.

Loranthacece .

PHORADENDRON Nutt. Mistletoe.

P. FLAVESCENS (Pursh.) Nutt. On oaks, sycamore and alder at O. K. and in S. G.
Mts. August.

Piperacecc.

ANEMOPSIS Hook.

A. CALIFORNICA Hook. (Yerba Mansa.) Oak Knoll. April— July.

632 HISTORY OF PASADENA,

UrticacecB.
PARIETARIA Tourn.

P. DEBiivis Forst. Canyons of S. G. Mts. April and May, '

URTICA Linn. Nettle.

U. HOLOSEKiCEA Nutt. Com. in shaded soil. March— May.
U. URENSLinn. Com. in waste soil. April— June.

PlatanacecE .
PLATANUS Tourn. Sycamore.

P. RACEMOSA Nutt. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. April.

FolygonacecE .
RUMEX Linn. Dock. Sorrel

R. ACETOSELLA Linn. (Sheep sorrel.) Along streets.

R. CONGLOMERATUS Murr. (Green dock.) O. K., A. S. April— June.

R. CRiSPUS Linn. (Curled dock.) Common in moist soil. February— June.

R. HYMENOSEPALUS Torr. (Canaigre.) A. S., N. Pasadena. March and April.

R. SAWCiFOUUS Wein. (White dock.) O. K., A. S. May and June.
POLYGONUM Linn. Knotweed.

P. ACRE HBK. (Water smartweed.) O. K., A. S. April— July.

P. AVICULARE Linn. (Knot-grass.) Com. in yards and along streets. May-
July.

P. CONVOLVULUS Linn. Fields. May — ^July.

P. NODOSUM Pers. O. K.. A. S., M. C, R. C. April— July.
ERIOGONUM Michx.

E. ELONGATUM Benth. A. S., foothills of S. G. Mts. June— October.

E. FASCICULATUM Benth. (Wild buckwheat.) Com. in dry unbroken soil. May-
September.

E. GRACILE Benth. Arroyo Seco. April — ^June.

E. SAXATiLE Wats. Com. above 4,000 feet in S. G. Mts. June — .\ugust.

E. viRGATUM Benth. Common below 3,000 feet. June — September.

CHORIZANTHE R. Brown.

C. PROCUMBENS Nutt- Lincoln Park. May — ^July.
C. STATicoiDES Benth. Common below 3,000 feet. May — August.
PTEROSTEGIA Fisch. & Mey.

P. DRYMARioiDES F. & M. Com. in unbroken soil below 4,000 feet. March-
Juue

ChenopodiacecE .

CHENOPODIUM Tour. Lamb's quarter. Goosefoot.

C. ALBUM Linn. (Pigweed.) Common in cultivated soil. March — September.

C. AMBROSioiDES Linn. (Mexican Tea.) Com. in waste soil. March — October.

C. MURALE Linn. Com. below 1,800 feet, especially in cultivated soil. February-
June.
ATRIPLEX Tourn.

A, MiCROCARPA Dietr. Along streets. July — October.

A. PATULA Linn. Along streets. August — October.

Amarantacecs.
AMARANTUS Tourn.

A. ALBUS Linn. (Tumbleweed.) Waste ground. May — September.
A. RETROFLEXUS Linn. Cultivated soil. May — September.

Nydaginacece.

MIRABILIS Linn. Four o'clock.

M. CALiFORNiCA Gr. Common on dry hills below 4,000 feet. Februar)' — July.

Portulacac€(Z.
CALYPTRIDIUM Nutt.

C. MONANDRUM Mutt. Hills near Arroyo Seco. March — ^June.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. ' 633

CLAYTONIA Linn.

C. PERFOLiATA Donn. (Indian lettuce.) Com. in shaded soil below 4,000 feet.
February — May.

CALANDRINIA HBK.

C. MENZiESii Hook. Com. below 2,000 feet. January — April.
PORTULACA Tourn.

P. OLERACEA Linn. (Purslane.) Com. in cultivated and waste ground. June —
September.

Ca ryophyllacecB .
SILENE Linn. Catchfly.

S. ANTiRRHiNA Linn. Frequent below 2,000 feet. April — ^June.

S. GALICA Linn. Common below 2,000 feet.

S. i^ACiNiATA Cav. (Indian pink.) Abundant on dry hills below 3,000 feet. May
-July.

S. PAi,MERi Wats. S, G. Mts. above 4,500 feet. June — July.

S. PLATYOXA Wats. S. G. Mts. above 3,500 feet. June— July.
STELLARIA Linn.

S. MEDIA Linn. (Chick weed.) Com. in shaded soil below 1,500 feet.

S. NiTENS Nutt. O. K., A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. April— June.
CERA.STIUM Linn. Mou.se-ear.

C. vulgaTum Linn. Com. in lawns and waste soil.
ARENARIA Linn.

A. DOUGLASii (Fen.) T. & G. Frequent in dry soil below 2,000 feet. April — May.
SAGINA Linn.

S. occiDENTALis Wats. Moist and shaded soil about Pasadena. April.
SPERGULA Linn. Corn-spurrey.

S. ARVENSis Linn. Frequent along streets and in yards. March — May.
POLYCARPON Linn.

P. DEPRESSUM Nutt. Altadena. April — June.

Ceratophyllacece .

CERATOPHYLLUM Linn. Hornwort.

C. DEMERSUM Linn. In ponds at Oak Knoll. June — August.

RanunculacecB.

AQUILEGIA Linn. Columbine.

A. TRUNCATA F. & M. Oak Knoll. May — August.
DELPHINIUM Tourn. Larkspur.

D. CARDiNAi^E Hook. (Scarlet larkspur.) Dry hillsides below 3,000 feet. June —
August.

D. DECORUM F. & M. Hillsides. May— July.

D. PARRYi Gr. Foothills S. G Mts. April— June.

D. VARiEGATUM T. & G. Hillsides. May— July.
P^ONIA Linn. Paeony.

P. CALiFORNiCA Nutt. (California Pteony.) Com. in unbroken soil below 2,000
feet. March — May.
CLEMATIS Linn. Virgin's Bower.

C. 1.1GUSTICIF01.IA Nutt. O. K., A. S., S. G. Mts. below 4,000 feet.
RANUNCULUS Linn. Buttercup.

R. CALiFORNicus Benth. O. K., A. S. February — May.

R. HEBECARPUS H. & A. Oak Knoll. March — May.
THALICTRUM Tourn. Meadow Rue.

T. P01.YCARPUM Wats. O. K., A. S.. Canyons of S. G. Mts. May— July.

LaurinecB.

UMBELLULARIA Nutt. Mountain Laurel. Spice-tree. Bay-tree.

U. CAi,iFORNiCA (H. & A.) Nutt. Canyons of S. G. Mts. February — April.

44

634

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Papaveracece.

PAPAVER Tourn. Poppy.

P. CAI.IFORNICUM Gr. Hills near Pasadena. April— June.

ARGEMONE Linn.

A. HiSPiDA Gr. Arroyo Seco. April— June.

PLATYSTEMON Benth.

P. CALiFORNicus Benth. (Cream-cups.) Com. below 2, oco feet. March — May
P. DENTICULATUS Greene. A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. April— May.

DENDROMECON Benth.

D. RiGiDUM Benth. (Tree poppy.) Hills near Arroy Seco. March— June.

-*^f^

ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA.— California Poppy.
One-third natural size.

ESCHSCHOLTZIA Cham.

E. CALIFORNICA Cham. (California poppy.) Com. below 2,000 feet. Most abun-
dant from January to May, but to be found at all times of the year.

Fumariacece.
DICENTRA Bork. Ear-drop.

D. chrysanthA H. & A. P'requent in dry soil, especially in S. G. Mts. May-
July.

Crucifercz.
TROPIDOCARPUM Hook.

T. gracile Hook. Oak Knoll. March — May.
RAPHANUS Linn.

R. SATivus Linn. (Radish.) Com. in fields. April — ^June.
THYSANOCARPUS Hook. Lace-pod.

T. CURVIPES Hook. O. K., A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. February — April.

T. LACINIATUS Nutt. O. K., A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. February— April.

T. PUSiLLUS Hook. O. K., A. S. February — April.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 635

LEPIDIUM Linn. Pepper-grass.

L. INTERMEDIUM Gr. Com. below 1800 feet. April — ^June.

L. NITIDUM Nutt. Com. below 1800 feet. February — April.
BURSA Sieg.

B. PASTORis (Linn.) Wigg. Com. below iSoo feet. March— June.
SISYMBRIUM Linn.

S. CANESCENS Nutt. O. K., A. S., plains adjacent to S. G. Mts. February— April.
BRASSICA Linn. Mustard.

B. CAMPESTRis Linn. Com. below 1500 feet. February — April.
B NIGRA I, Linn.) Kochz. Com. below 2000 feet. April — ^June.

ERYSIMUM Linn.

E. ASPERUM (Nutt.) DC. A. S., canyons of San Gabriel Mts. February— April.
NASTURTIUM R. Br.

N. OFFICINALE R. Br. (Water-cress) Abundant in A. S. and at O. K.
CARDAMINE Linn.

C. GAMBEUI Wats. Oak Knoll. May — July.

C. INTEGRIFOLIA (Nutt.) Greene. O. K., A. S., M. C. February— April.
STREPHANTHUS Nutt.

S. HETEROPHYi,i,us Nutt. Hills near Arroyo Seco. March — April.
ARABIS Linn.

A. GLABRA (Linn.) Wein. Hills near Arroyo Seco. March — April.

A. HOLBOELLii Hornem. Com. in San Gabriel Mts. April— June.
ALYSSUM Linn.

A. MARiTiMUM (Linn.) L. Am. Com. along streets.

ViolacecE.
VIOLA Linn. Violet.

V. PEDUNCULATA T. & G. O. K., A. S., Las Casitas. February— April.

CistacecE.

HELIANTHEMUM Tourn. Rock-Rose.

H. SCOPARiUM Nutt. Common on dry hills below 4000 feet. — April — June.

Lythracece .
LYTHRUM Linn.

L. CALiFORNicUM Torr & Gr. O. K., A. S. April— June.

Malvacea.
MALVA Linn. Mallow.

M. PARViFLORA Linn. Common below 2000 feet. February — April.
SIDALCEA Gray.

S. DELPHiNiFOLiA (Nutt.) Green. Oak Knoll. February^May.

Gera^iiacece.
GERANIUM Linn. Cranesbill.

G. CAROLiNiANUM Linn (Wild Geranium.) O. K., A. S. March — May.
ERODIUM L'Her. Storksbill.

E. CICUTARIUM (Linn.) L'Her. (Alfilaria) Common below 2000 feet. January —

June.
E. MOSCHATUM (Linn.) L'Her. (Alfilaria) Com. below 2000 feet. January — June.

OXALIS Linn. Wood-Sorrel.

O. CORNICULATA Linn. Frequent along streets.

A nacardiacecE .
RHUS Linn. Sumach.

R. DivERSiLOBA T. & G. (Poison sumach. "Poison Oak") O. K., A. S., S. G. Mts.

April — May.
R. INTEGRIFOLIA B. & H. Com. in unbroken soil below 4000 feet. March — May.

636 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

R. LAURiNA Nutt. Com. in unbroken soil below 4000 feet. September— October.

Berries used by the Indians for making an acid drink.
R. TRiLOBATA Nutt. O. K. , A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. February— April. Long,

slender branches used by Indians for making baskets.

Sapmdacecz.

ACER Tourn. Maple.

A. MACROPHYLLUM Pursh. Canyons of vS. G. Mts. March— April.

Polygalacece. *

POLYGALA Tourn

P. CAtiFORNiCA Nutt. Near old Wilson trail. June— August.

Ampilidacecs.

VITIS Tourn. Grape.

V. CALiFORNiCA Benth. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. May— July.

Rhamnacecc.

RHAMNUS Linn. Buckthorn.

R. CALIFORNICA Esch. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. February— April.

R." CROCEA Nutt. Arroyo Seco, S. G. Mts. below 5000 feet. February— March.
Berries said to be used by the Indians for food.
CEANOTHUS Linn. California Lilac. Buckthorn.

C. CRASSIFOLIUS Torr. A. S , canyons of S. G. Mts. February— April.

C. CUNEATUS Nutt. Near Sierra Madre. March — May.

C. DIVARICATUS Nutt. Abundant in S. G. Mts. 2000 feet, 5000 feet. March —
April.

C. INTEGERRIMUS H. & A. S. G. Mts. April— May.

C. 0G1.IGANTHUS Nutt. S. G. Mts. March— April.

Euphorbia ceo: .
CROTON Linn.

C. CAUFORNicus Muell. From center of Pasadena to foot of S. G. Mts. April-
June.
C. SETIGERUS Hook. Com. below 2000 feet. August — November.

EUPHORBIA Linn.

E. ALBOMARGINATA T. & G. Com. below 2000 feet. April— July.

E. POLYCARPA Benth. var. vestiTa Wats. Foothills S. G. Mts.

E. SERPYLLiFOWA Pers. Frequent below 2000 feet. May — August.

Urnbellifera .

HYDROCOTYLE Tourn.

H. RANUNCUivOiDES Linn. Oak Knoll. May— July.
SANICULA Tourn.

S. BiPiNNATA H. & A. O. K., A. S. March— May.

S. BiPiNNATiFiDA Dongl. Com. in open ground below 2,000 feet. March — May.

S. MENZiESii H. & A. Com. in shaded soil below 3,000 feet. March — May.

S. NUDICAUI.IS H. & A. Com. in open ground below 2,000 feet. March — May.

S. TUBEROSA Torr. O. K., A. S. April and May.

VELAEA DC.

V. ARGUTA T. & G. C. & R. Hills near A. S., S. G. Mts. March— May.
V. PARISHII C. & R. Mount Lowe. June and July.

CONIUM Linn.

C. MACULATUM Linn. Oak Knoll. March — ^June.

SIUM Linn.

S. cicuT^ivFOLiUM Gmel. Oak Knoll. June — August.

OSMORRHIZA Raf.

O. BRACHYPODA Torr. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. March— May.

CENANTHE Linn.

CE. CALIFORNICA Wats. Oak Knoll. June — August.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 637

APIUM Linn. Celery.

A. GRAVEOLENS Linn. (Wild Celery.) O. K., A. S. March-August.
APIASTRUM Autt.

A. ANGUSTiFOUUM Nutt. Common below 2,000 feet. April— June.
FOENICULUM Adans. Fennel.

F. vui.GARE Ger. O. K. Along streets. May— July.
PEUCEDANUM Linn.

P. CARUiFOLiUM T. & G. Hills near Arroyo Seco, April — June.

P. HASSEi C. & R. Hills near Arroyo vSeco. March — May.

P. UTRICULATUM Nutt. Com. in unbroken soil below 1,500 feet. March — May.
DAUCUS Tourn. Carrot.

D, pusinus Michx. (Wild carrot) Com, below 1,800 feet. March— May,
CAUCALIS Linn,

C. MiCROCARPA H. & A. Oak Knoll. April and May.

C. NODOSA Hudson. Oak Knoll. April and May.

AraliaceiS,
ARALIA Linn.

A. CAi^iFORNiCA Wats. (Spikenard.) Canyons of S. G. Mts. June — August.

CornacecB.

CORNUS Linn. Cornel. Dogwood.

C. occiDENTALis (T. & G.) Cov. Oak Knoll. April— September.
GARRY A Dougl.

(t. veaTCHIi Kell. Echo Mt. May— July.

Sax if rag ace cs.

SAXIFRAGA Linn. Saxifrage.

S. CALiEoRNiCA Greene. Arroyo Seco. April — June.
BOYKINIA Nutt.

B. ROTUNDIFOLIA Parry. Canyons of S. G. Mts. June — August.
TELLIMA R. Br.

T. AEFiNis (Gray) Bol. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. March and April.
HEUCHERA Linn.

H. RUBESCBNS Torr. Frequent in S. G. Mts.. above 5,000. June—August.
RIBES Linn. Currant. Gooseberry;

R AMARUM McC. Erythea IL 79. Canyons of S. G. Mts. February— March.

R. DiVARiCATUM Dougl. Oak Knoll. February — May.

R. GLUTINOSUM Benth. S. G. Mts. 2,000 — 5,000 feet. January — March.

R. HESPERiUM McC. Erythea. II, 79. Canyons of S. G. Mts. January and
February.

R. SPECrosuM Pursh. Hills near Arroyo Seco. January — March.

R, TENUiFi^ORUM Lindl. Hills near Arroyo Seco. February and March.

O assulacecg.
TILLAEA Linn.

T. MINIMA Miers. Common below 3,000 feet February — May.

COTYLEDON Linn.

C. i,ANCEOi,ATA Benth. Oak Knoll, foothills of S. G. Mts. June and July.

Cadacea.
CEREUS Haw. Cactus.

C. EMORYi Engelm. Arroy Seco. May and June.

OPUNTIA Tourn.

O. ENGELMANNi Salm.' (Prickly Pear.) Com. in dry unbroken soil. May and
June.

45

638 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Loasacece.

MENTZELIA Linn.

M. ALBiCAULis Dougl. Near Sierra Madre. July— September.
M. MiCRANTHA T. & G. Foothills S. G. Mts. May— July.

DaiisacecB.

DATISCA Linn.

D. GivOMERATA (Presl.) Brew. & Wat. O. K., A. S., canyons S. G. Mts. May-

July.

OnagracecB.

EPILOBIUM Linn.

E. ADENOCAUtON Haussk. var. occidentaIvE Trel. Com. in wet soil. April-
August.

E. HOLOSERiCEUM Trel. Oak Knoll. May — August.

E. paniculatum Nutt. Arroyo Seco. August and September.
ZAUSCHNERIA Presl. "Wild Fuchsia."

Z. CALiFORNiCA Presl. S. G. Mts. 3,000 — 5,000 feet.

Z. CALiFORNiCA Presl. var. microphylla Gray. Com. on dry hills.

EULOBUS Nutt.

E. CALiFORNicus Nutt. Frequent below 3,000 feet. May — July.
CENOTHERA Linn. Evening Primrose.

OB. ALYSSOIDES H. & A. Hills near Pasadena, Echo Mt. May — ^July.

CE. BIENNIS L. Common in canyons. May — September.

CE. BISTORTA Nutt. Com. below 2,000 feet. February — ^June.

CE. MICRANTHA Hyrn. Frequent below 2,000 feet. March — ^June.

CEJ. STRiGutoSA T. & G. Frequent below 2,000 feet March — June.
GODETIA Spach.

G. BOTTLE Spach. Hills near Arroyo Seco, S. G. Mts. April — ^July.

G. EPiLOBioiDES (T. & G.) Wats. Hills near Arroyo Seco. April — May.

G. OUADRIVUENERA ( Dougl. } Wats. Hills near A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. April —
July.
JUSSIiEA Linn.

J. DIFFUSA Forsk. Shorb's ranch. May — August.

Rosacece.

PRUNUS Tourn

P. ILICIFOLIA (Nutt.) Walp. (Wild cherry.) Foothills S. G. Mts. May.
HETEROMELES Roemer.

H. ARBUTIFOLIA (Ait.) Roemer. (California Holly.) Hills along Arroyo Seco,
foothills S. G. Mts. June — August.
HOLODISCUS Maxim. Meadow-Sweet.

H. DISCOLOR (Pursh.) Max. S. G. Mts. May — August.
ADENOSTOMA Hook. & Arm.

A. FASCicuLATUM H. & A. Com. in dry soil below 4,ooo feet. May — June. Sold
by Mexicans for fuel, as " Grease-wood."
CERCOCARPUS HBK. Mountain Mahogany.

C. PARViFOLius Nutt. Foothills S. G. Mts. March— April.
POTENTILLA Linn. Five-finger.

P. CALiFORNiCA (C. & S.) Greene. Frequent below 2,500 feet. March — May.

P. GLANDuivOSA Lindl. Frequent below 2,500 feet. April — June.
ALCHEMILLA Tourn.

A. ARVENSis Scop. Oak Knoll. March— May.
RUBUS Linn. Blackberry. Raspberry.

R. URSINUS C. & S. (Wild blackberry.) Com. in shaded soil. March— May.
ROSA Tourn. Rose.

R. CAUFORNiCA C. & S. O. K., A. S , Canyons S. G. Mts.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 639

LeguminoscB .
VICIA Tourn. Vetch.

V. AMERICANA Muhl. O. K., A. S. March — May.
V. EXIGUA Nutt. Arroyo Seco. March— April.
V. SATiVA Linn. O. K., Sierra Madre. March — April.
LATHYRUS Linn.

L. VESTiTus Nutt. (Wild Pea.) A. S., O. K., Canyons S. G. Mts. February-
May.

ASTRAGALUS Tourn. Rattle-Weed.

A. LEUCOPSis Torr. Com. in open unbroken soil. March — May.
AMORPHA Linn. '

A. CALiFORNiCA Nutt. S. G. Mts. 3,000 feet. May— June.
PSORALEA Linn.

P. MACROSTACHYS DC. A. S., Canyous south of Pasadena. May— June.

P. ORBICULARIS Lindl. Arroyo Seco. April — May.

P. PHYSODES DougL Arroyo Seco. June — July.
LOTUS Tourn.

L. AMERICANUS (Nutt.) Bisch. Frequent below 1,500 feet. May— July.

L. ARGOPHYLLUS (Gray) Greene. S. G. Mts. 3,000-5,000 feet. April— June.

L. GLABER (Torr.) Greene. Com. in unbroken soil below 3,000 feet.

L. NEVADENSis (Wats.) Greene. A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. below 2,500 feet.
April— July.

L. OBI.ONGIFOIJUS (Benth ) Greene. Arroye Seco. April — ^June.

L. SAivSUGiNOSUS Greene. Frequent in shaded soil below 1,500 feet. March —
April.

L. STRIGOSUS (Nutt.) Greene. Com. below 2,000 feet. January — May.
TRIFOLIUM Linn. Clover.

T. CILIOLATUM Benth. Com. below 1,800 feet. April — May.

T. GRACILENTUM T. & G. Com. below 1,800 feet. April — Mfay.

T. INVOI^UCRATUM WiUd. Frequent below 1,800 feet April — May.

T. MACR^i H. & A. var. albopurpureum (T. & G.) Greene. Com. below 1,800 feet.
April — May.

T. MICROCEPHALUM Pursh. Com. below 1,800 feet. April — May.

T. ROSCIDUM Greene. O. K. , A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. below 2,500 feet. May
August.

T. STENOPHYLLUM Nutt. Oak Knoll. March — April.
MELILOTUS Tourn. Sweet-clover.

M. ALBA Lam. Arroy Seco. May — August.

M. INDICA All. Com. in shaded soil below 1,500 feet. April — ^July.
MEDICAGO Linn.

M. denticuIvATa Willd. (Burr-clover.) Com. below 2,000 feet. January — ^June.

M. SATIVA Linn. (Alfalfa.) Frequent along streets and roads whither it has es-
caped from fields.
LUPINUS Linn. Lupine.

L. AFFiNis Ag. Oak Knoll. March — May.

L. ALBiFRONS Benth. Arroyo Seco. April — ^June.

L. CYTisoiDES Ag. A. S., Canyons of S. G. Mts. below 3,000 feet. May — ^July.

L. FORMOSUS Greene, var. bridgesii (Wats.) Greene. Com. below 2,500.

L. HIRSUTISSIMUS Benth. O. K., A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. March— May.

L. MICRANTHUS Dougl. Com. below 2,000 feet. January — May.

L. SPARSIFLORUS Benth. Frequent below 3,000 feet. March — May.

L. TRUNCAXUS Nutt. Com. below 3,000 feet. March — May.

DIVISION II. SYMPATAL.^: - United-petaled Plants.

EricacecB.
ARBUTUS Tourn.

A. MENZiESii Pursh. (Madrona.) S. G. Mts. Confined to a narrow belt at about
3,000 feet. March — April.
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. Manzanita.

A. PUNGENS HBK. S. G. Mts. 4,000 feet to near summit. February — March.
A. TOMENXOSA Dougl. S. G. Mts. 2,000-4,500 feet. March — April.

640 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Primulacece.

DODECATHEON Linn.

D. CLEVELANDi Greene. (Shooting Star. ) Frequent below 2,000 feet. February —
April.
ANAGALLIS Tourn. Pimpernel.

A. ARVENSis Linn. Common below 1,800 feet.

SAMOLUS Linn.

S. VALERANDi Linn. var. AMERICANA Gr. O. K., A. S., canyons of San Gabriel
Mts. June — November.

Con volvulacece.

CUSCUTA Tourn. Dodder.

C. SUBINCLUSA Dur. & Hilg. Common on shrubs and other plants. May — July.
CONVOLVULUS Linn. Bindweed.

C. OCCIDENTALS Gray. (Wild morning-glory) Common below 2,500 feet. Febru-
ary—July.

PolemoniacecB .

NAVERRETIA Ruiz & Pav.

N. ATRACTYivOiDES (Benth. ) H. & A. Common in dry soil below 2,500 feet. May — ■

July.
N. prostraTa (Gr.) Greene. Oak Knoll. April — May.
N. visciDULA Benth. Common in dry soil below 2,500 feet. June — August,

LEPTODACTYLON H. & A.

L. californicum H. & A. Common on dry soil below 4,000 feet. April — ^June.

GILIA Ruiz & Pav.

G. ACHiLLE^FOiviA Benth. Frequent below 2,000 feet. April — ^June.
G. GiLioiDES (Benth.) Greene. A. S. and adjacent hills. April — July.
G. INCONSPICUA Dougl. Frequent below 2,000 feet. April — June.
G. MULTICAULIS Benth. Common below 2,000 feet. April — ^June.
G. TENUiFtoRA Benth. Frequent in S. G. Mts. June — August.
G. viRGATA Steud. Arroyo Seco. May — August.

LINANTHUS Benth.

L. ANDROSACEUS (Benth. ) Greene. Frequent below 2,000 feet. April — June.

L. DiANTHiFLORUS (Beuth. ) Greene. Common below 2,000 feet. February — May,

L. PHARNACEOiDES (Benth.) Greene. Common in dry soil below 2,000 feet. May — •
July.
PHLOX Linn.

P. GRACILIS (Dougl.) Greene. Arroyo Seco. February — -April.

HydrophyllacecB .

NEMOPHILA Nult.

N. AURITA Lindl. Arroyo Seco. April — ^June.

N. iNSiGNis Dougl. Com. in shaded soil below 3,000 feet. February — May.

N. MENZiESii H. & A. Com. in shaded soil below 3,000 feet. February — May.
EUCRYPTA Nutt.

E. CHRYSANTHEMiFOLiA (Benth.) Greene. Com. in shaded soil below 3,000 feet.

March — June.
PHACELIA Juss.

P. BRACHYi.oBA Gray. S. G. Mts. 3,000-5,000 feet. June — August.

P. CIRCINATA (WiUd.) Jaq. Common below 2,500 feet. May — July.

P. HiSPiDA Gr. Common below 2,500 feet. March — ^July.

P. LONGIPES Torr. A. S., S. G. Mts. May— July.

P. RAMOSissiMA Hook. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. April— July.

P. TANACETi FOLIA Benth. Common below 2,500 feet. March — ^June.

P. WHITLAVIA Gray. Common on dry hillsides below 3,000 feet. March — May,

EMMENANTHE Benth.

E. PENDULIFLORA Benth. Frequent below 2,500 feet. April — June.

DIVISION EIGHT --SCIBNCE. 64I

ERIODICTYON Benth.

E. CALiFORNicuM (H. & A.) Greene. (Verba Santa.) S. G. Mts. 2,000-4,000 feet.

May — ^July. Leaves used by the Mexicans as a tonic.
E. TOMENTOSUM Benth. S. G. Mts. 2,000-4,000 feet. May — ^July.

BorraginacecE.
PECTOC.A.RVA DC.

P. LINEARIS (R. & P.) DC. O. K., A. S. March— May.
PLAGIOBOTHRYS Fisch. & Mey.

P. NOTHOFULVUS Gr. Common below 2, ooo feet. February — May.

CRYPTANTHE Lehm.

C. AMBIGUA (Gr.) Greene. Common below 2,000 feet. April — June.

C. MICROSTACHYS Greene. Common below 2,000 feet. April — June.
AMSINCKIA Lehm.

A. SPECTABiLS F. & M. Com. below 2,000 feet. March — May.

Solanacece.
SOIvANUM Tourn.

S. DOUGLASII Dunal. Com. below 2,500 feet.

S. UMBELLIFERUM Esch. S. G. Mts. April— June.

S. XANI Gray. S. G. Mts. April— June.
PHVSALIS Linn.

P. AEOUATA Jacq. Com. in cultivated and waste ground. May — September.
DATURA Linn.

D. METELOIDES DC. In moist and shaded soil below 1,000 feet. May — October.

Labiatce.

TRICHOSTEMA Linn. Blue Curls.

T. LANATUM Benth. Echo Mt. May— July.

T. LANCEOLATUM Benth. Com. below 2,000 feet. August — October.
MENTHA Linn. Mint.

M. CANADENSIS Linn. Canyons south of Pasadena. May — September.
PYCNANTHEMUM Michx. Mountain Mint.

P. CALiFORNicuM Torr. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. June — September.

MONARDELLA Benth.

M. LANCEOLATA Gray. A. S., N. Pas., Las Casitas. . June— September.

SALVIA Linu. Sage.

S. CARDUACEA Benth. Occasional in dry soil. April — ^June.

S. COLUMBARIAE Beuth. (Chia.) Com. below 3,000 feet. March — May. Seeds

used by Indians for food.
S. MELLiFERA Greene. (Black Sage.) Com. on dry hillsides. April— June.
S. SPATHACEA Greene. On banks of A. S. April— July.

RAMONA Greene.

R. POLYSTACHYA (Benth.) Greene. (White Sage.) Com. on dry hillsides. April
—June.
SCUTELLARIA Linn. Skull-cap.

S. TUBEROSA Benth. Com. in unbroken soil below 1,500 feet. March—June.

MARRUBIUM Linn. Hoarhound.

M. VULGARE Linn. Com. below 1,800 feet. March — July.

STACHVS Linn.

S. ALBENS Gr. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. April— June.

S. CALiFORNiCA Benth. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. May— July.

Scf oph ula riacecB.

CORDVLANTHUS Nutt.

C. FiLiFOLius Nutt. A. S., S. G. Mts. below 3,000 feet. June— September.

46

642 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

CASTILLEIA Linn. Painted-cup.

C. FOLiOLOSA H. & A. Com. on dry hillsides below 3,000 feet. April — ^June.
C. MiNiATA Dougl. Com. on hillsides below 2,500 feet. April — ^June.
C. PARVIFLORA Bong. HiUs near Arroyo Seco, R. C. March — May.

C. STENANTHA Gray. O. K., M. C. May — August.
ORTHOCARPUS Nutt.

O. PURPURASCENS Benth. ("Paint-brush.") Com. below 2,000 feet. March — May.
VERONICA Linn. Speedwell.

V. PEREGRINA Linn. Oak Knoll. May — June.
MIMULUS Linn. Monkey-flower.

M. BREVIPES Benth. Frequent below 3,000 feet. April — ^June.

M. CARDINAUS Dougl. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. June — October.

M. FLORiBQNDUS Gray. Arroyo Seco, canyons of S. G. Mts. June — October.

M. FREMONTi Gray. Echo Mt. April— June.

M. LUTEUS Linn. O. K., A. S.

M. LUTEUS Linn. var. depaupERATUS Gr. S. G. Mts. 4,000-5,000. May — July.
DIPLACUS Nutt.

D. GivUTiNOSUS (Wendl.) Nutt. Hills along Arroyo Seco. April — July.
PENTSTEMON Mitch. Beard-tongue.

P. AZUREUS Benth. Frequent on hillsides below 3,000 feet. May — ^July.

P. CENTRANTHiFOlviuS Benth. S. G. Mts. 2,000-5,000 feet. March^une.

P. coRDiFOLius Benth, Hills along A. S., S. G. Mts. below 3,000 feet. May —
July.

P. PALMERi Gr. Mt. Lowe. June — August.

P. SPECTABILTS Thurb. Near Sierra Madre. April — ^June.

P. TERNATus Torr. S. G. Mts. 4,000-5,000 feet. June — August.
COLLINSIA Nutt.

C. BicOLOR Benth. Com. below 3,000 feet. April — ^June.

C. PARRYi Gray. Arroyo Seco. April — May.
SCROPHULARIA Tourn. Figwort.

S. CALIFORNICA Cham. O. K.; A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. May — August.
ANTIRRHINUM Tourh. Snapdragon.

A. COULTERIANUM Benth. Hills along A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. May— July.

A. GLANDULOSUM Lindl. A. S., Altadena. April — ^June.

A. NUTTAi^iviANUM Benth. Hills along A. S. May— June.

A. STRiCTUM (H. & A.) Gr. Hills along A. S., R. C. May— July.
LINARIA Tourn. Toad-flax.

L. CANADENSIS (Linn.) Dum. Common below 2,000 feet. April — September.
VERBASCUM Linn. Mullein.

V. viRGATUM With. Frequent below 2,000 feet, abundant at Altadena. June —
August.

OrobanchacecE.
APHYLLON Mitch.

A. TUBEROSUM Gr. Echo Mt. among shrubs. June — August.

VerbeiiacccE.
VERBENA Linn.

V. POLYSTACHYA HBK. O. K., A. S. May— September.

V. PROSTKATA R. Br. Com. below 1,500 feet. April — September.

Pla n tag in acecc.
PLANTAGO Linn.

P. HiRTELivA HBK. Oak Knoll. May— July.

P. LANCEOLATA Linn. Com. below 1,500 feet. April — ^July.

P. MAJOR Linn. Frequent below 1,500 feet. Ma}' — August.

P. PATAGONICA Jacq. Com. in dry soil below 2,500 feet. March — May.

GentanacecE.
ERYTHR.EA Rn. Canchalagua.

E. VENUSTA Gr. Common in unbroken soil below 3,000 feet. April— July. In
general use among the Mexicans as a medicinal herb.

DIVISION BIGHT — science;. 643

Apocynacece.

APOCYNUM Tourn.

A. CANNABiNUM Linn. (Indian Hemp.) In A. S. April— June.

AsclepiadcaecB.

ASCLEPIAS Linn. Milkweed.

A. ERIOCARPA Benth. Frequent below 2,000 feet. Com. at Las Casitas. June —

August.
A. FascicuIvARIS Decsne. Frequent below 2.000 feet. June — August.

CampanulacecB .

SPECULARIA Heist.

S. BiFLORA Gray. Occasional below 1,500 feet. April — ^June.

Lobeliacecs.
NEMACLADUS Nutt.

N. RAMOSissiMUS Nutt. var. pinnatifidus. (Greene) Gray. Echo Mt. May— July.
LOBELIA Linn.

L, SPLENDKNS Wind. Oak KnoU. Wild-grape canyon. July — October.
PALMERELLA Gray.

P. DEBitis Gr. var. serrata Gr. A. S., canyons S. G. Mts. July— October.

Cticurbiiacece .

CUCURBITA Linn. Cucumber. Squash. Pumpkin.

C. FOETiDissiMA HBK. (Mock Orange.) Common in dry soil below 2,000 feet.
April — ^June.
MICRAMPELIS Raf. Big-root.

M. FABACEA (Naud) Greene. O. K., A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. February —
April.

RubiacecE.

GALIUM. Linn. Bedstraw.

G. ANGUSTiFoiviUM Nut. Com. below 3,000 feet. March — ^June.

G. APARINE Linn. O. K., A. S., canyons S. G. Mts. March — May.

G. CAI.1F0RNICUM Hook & Arn. O. K., A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. April— June.

G. GRANDE McC. Erythea II: 124. S. G. Mts. 2,500 — 4,000 feet. April — ^Juue.

G. NUTAi.1,11 Gr. Foothills S. G. Mts. May and June.

G. OCCIDENTALIS McC. Erythea II: 124. S. G. Mts. 3,000 — 4,000 feet. May and

June.
G.TRIFIDUM Linn. Baldwin's Ranch. June and July.

CaprifoliacecB .

SAMBUCUS Tourn. Elder,

S. Gi^AUCA Nutt. Frequent below 2,500. April and May.
SYMPHORICARPUS Dill.

S. MOLLIS Nutt. O. K., A. S., canyons S. G. Mts. April and May.
CAPRIFOLIUM DC.

C. SUBSPICATA (H. & A.) Greene.

DipsacecB.

DIPSACUS Tourn. Teasel.

D. FULLONUM Linn. (Fuller's Teasel.) O. K. June — August.
SCABIOSA Linn.

S. STELLATA Linn, Along streets in Altadena. May — ^July.

644 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

Compositcr.
COLEOSANTHUS Cass.

C. CALiFORNicus (T. & G.) O. Ktze. Hills along Arroyo Seco, foothills S. G. Mts.

July — September.
C. NEViNii (Gr.) O. Ktze. Foothills S. G. Mts. July— September.

GRINDELIA Willd.

G. ROBUSTA Nutt. Frequent below 2,000 feet. May — ^July.
HETEROTHECA Cass.

H. GRANDIFLORA Nutt. Common below 2,000 feet.

CHRYSOPSIS Nutt.

C. SESSILIFLORA Nutt. O. K., A. S. June — August.
ERICAMERIA Nutt.

E. CUNEATUS (Gr.) McC. Rubio Canyon. June — September.

E. MONACTiS (Gr.) McC. Hills along A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. June— Sept.
HAZARDIA Greene.

H. SQUARROSUS (H. & A.) Greene. Hills along A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. June —
September.
BIGELOVIA DC.

B. VENETA Gr. A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. and adjacent plains. July — Sept.
SOLIDAGO Linn.

S. CALiFORNiCA Nutt. O. K., A. S., canyons of S. G. Mts. to 5,000 feet (side of

Mt. Lowe). August — October.
S. CONFiNis Gr. Oak Knoll. August — October.
S. occiDENTALiS Nutt. Arroyo Seco. August — October. .

CORETHROGYNE DC.

C, FiLAGiNiFOtiA Nutt. Common below 5,000 feet. June — September.

ASTER Linn.

A. ADSCENDENS Lindl. S. G. Mts. July — September.
A. EXiLis Ell. Along streets.

A. FREMONTi Gr. var. parishii Gr. Canons S. G. Mts. August — October.
ERIGERON Linn.

E. CANADENSE Linn Common below 2,500 feet. June — September.
E. FOi^iosuM Nutt. Frequent below 3,600 feet. May — August.

E. PHiLADELPHicuM Linn. O. K., A. S. April— July.
CONYZA Linn,

C. COULTERI Gray. Oak Knoll. July — September.
BACCHARIS Linn.

B. viMiNEA DC. O. K., A. S., canyons S. G. Mts.
GNAPHALODES Tourn.

G. CALiFORNiCA (F. & M.) Greene. Frequent in dry soil below 3,000 feet. April
—June.
FILAGO Linn.

F. CALiFORNiCA Nutt. Common in dry soil below 3,000 feet. April — June.
GNAPHALIUM Linn. Everlasting.

G. CALiFORNicuM DC. Common below 3,000 feet. March — July,
G. CHiLENSE Spreng. Common below 2,000 feet. April — ^June.

G. LECCOCEPHALUM Gr. Frequent between 1,000 — 3,000 feet. July-September.

G. MICROCEPHALUM Nutt. Frequeut below 2,500 feet. July — September.

G. PAI.U.STRE Nutt. Oak Knoll. April— May.

G. RAMOSiS.siMUM Nutt. Oak Knoll. August — October.
AMBROSIA Tourn. Ragweed.

A. PSii<osT.\CHYA DC. Com. below 2,000 feet. August — October.
XANTHIUM Tourn.

X. SPINOSUM Linn. Along streets. June — September.

X. STRUMARiUM Linn. In waste soil. June — August.
HELIANTHUS Linn. vSunflower.

H. ANNUUS Linn. Com. below 2,000 feet.
LEPTOSYNE DC.

L. DOUGLASii DC. A. S. and adjacent hills; foothills S. G. Mts. and adjacent plains.
June — September.

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE. 645

BIDENS Linn.

B. CHRVSANTHEMOIDES Miclix. O. K.; A. S.

B. PiLOSA Linn. Along streets. July — October.
MADIA Molina. Tar-weed.

M. DissiTiFLORA (Nutt) T. & G. Along street. July — September.

M. SATiVA Mol. Frequent below 1,800 feet. June — August.
HEMIZONIA DC. Tar-weed.

H. FASCicuLATA (DC.) T. & G. var. ramossima Gr. Com. Below 1,800 feet.
May— ^July.

H. PUNGENS Torr. «& Gray. Frequent below 1,800 feet. May — August.

H. TENELivA Gray. O. K.; A. S. April— June.
LAYIA Hook. & Arn.

L. Gi^ANDULOSA (Hook.) H. & A. O. K.; A. S. April — ^June.

L Pi^ATYGLOSSA (F. & M.) Graj'. (Tidy-tips) Com. below 2,000 feet. April — ^June.
ACHYRACHAENA Schauer

A. MOLLIS Schauer. Near Oak Knoll. March — May.
BAERIA Fisch. & Mey.

B. GRACILIS (DC.) Gr, Com. below 2,000 feet. March — May.
ERIOPHYLLUM Lag.

E. CONFERTIFLORUM (DC.) Gr. Com. in unbroken soil below 3,000 feet. April —
June.
CH^NACTIS DC. "Pin-cushion."

C. ARTEMisiAEFOLiA Gray. Frequent in dry unbroken soil below 3,000 feet.
June — July.

C. GLABRIUSCULA DC. Frequent on dry hills. May — ^June.

C. LANOSA DC. Com. below 3,000 feet. April — ^June.
HELENIUM Linn. Sneeze-weed.

H. PUBERULUM DC. O. K.; A. 8., canyons of S. G. Mts. June — October.
ACHILLEA Linn. Yarrow.

A. MILLEFOLIUM Linn. Com. in foothills of S. G. Mts. and adjacent plains. May
August. ,

ANTHEMIS Linn. Chamomile.

A. COTULA Linn. Com. below 1,500 feet. April — July.
MATRICARIA Linn.

M. DiscoiDEA DC. Com. below 1,500 feet. February — April.
ARTEMISIA Linn. Worm-wood. "Sage-brush."

A. CALiFORNiCA Less. (California "Sage-brush.") Com. in dry unbroken soil
below 4,000 feet. May — August.

A. DRACUNCULOiDES Pursh. Frequent below 2,000 feet. May — August.

A. LUDOViciANA Nutt. Occasional below 2,000 feet. June — August.

A. VULGARIS Linn. var. californica Bess. Common below 2,500 feet. June —
August.
TETRADYMIA DC.

T. COMOSA Gray. Near Devil's Gate. July — August.
LEPIDOSPARTUM Gr.

L. soUAMATUM Gr. A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. July — September.
SENECIO Linn. Groundsel.

S. CALiFORNicus DC. Com. below 3,000 feet. March — May.

S. DOUGLASii DC. Hills along A. S., foothills S. G. Mts. July — September.
CARDUUS Tourn. Thistle.

C. CALIFORNICUS (Gr.) Greene. O. K., R. C. May— July.

C. occidenTalis Nutt. Frequent below 2,000 feet. April — ^June.
SILYBUM Gaerth. Milk-Thistle.

S. marianum (Linn.) Gaerth. Near Oak Knoll. May — ^July.
CENTAUREA Linn. Star-Thistle.

C. melitensis Linn. Com. below 2,000 feet. May — August.
PEREZIA Lag.

P. microcephala Gr. O. K., A. 8., foothills 8. G. Mts. June — August.

MICROSERIS Don.

M. linearifolia Gr. Com. below 3,500 feet. February — May.

646 HISTORY Of PASADENA.

PTILORIA Raf.

P. CICHORIACEA (Gr.) Greene. Canyons S. G. Mts. July— September.

P. viRGATA (Benth.) Greene. Com. below 3,500 feet. June — October.
RAFINESQUIA Nutt.

R. CALiFORNiCA Nutt. HiUs along A. S. June^uly.

MALACOTHRIX DC.

M. TENUIFOLIA T. & G. Com. below 2,500 feet. June — August.

HYPOCH.^RIS Linn.

H. RADICATA Ivinn. Along streets. May — ^July.

CREPIS Linn.

C. BIENNIS Linn. Along streets. April — ^June.
TARAXACUM Linn. Dandelion.

T. TARAXACUM (Linn.) Mac M. Occasionalfalong streets." April — October.

LACTUCA Tourn.

L. SCARiOLA L. South of Pasadena. June — August.
SONCHUS Linn. Sow-Thistle.

S. ASPER Linn. Frequent below 1,500 feet.

S. OLERACEUS Linn. Common below 1,500 feet.
HIERACIUM Tourn. Hawkweed.

H. PARiSHii Gr. Canyons S. G. Mts. June — August.

SUMMARY OF PLANTS LISTED.

ProtophyTA 40

Ph YCOPH YTA 50

Carpophyta 350

Bryophyta 53

PTERIDOPHYTA 21

Spermaphyta 542

TOTAI, 1,056

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIKNCE.

647

INDEX TO FLORA.

PAGE

Acer 636

Achillea 645

Achyrodes 628

Achyrachaena 645

Actinonema 616

^cidium 615

Adiantum 626

Adenostonia 638

Agaricus 621

Agrostis 628

Albugo 612

Alchemilla 638

Alder 631

Alfalfa 639

AlfiJaria 635

AlgEe, blue-green 609

Algse, fresh-water 610

Alnus 631

Alsia 625

Alyssum 635

Amanita 619

Amanitopsis 619

Amarantus 631

Amblystegium 626

Ambrosia 644

Amerosporium 5i6

Amorpha 639

Amsinckia 641

Ascococcus 609

Anabaena 609

Anagallis 640

Andropogon 627

Anemopsis 631

Antirrhinum 6.2

Antitrichia 625

Authoceros 624

Anthemis 645

Aphyllon 642

Apiastrura 637

Apiuni 637

Apocynum 643

Aquilegia 633

Arabis 635

Aralia 637

Arbutus 639

Arctosfaphylos 639

Arenaria Sit,

Argenione 634

Aristida 628

Armillaria 619

Artemisia 645

Asclepias 643

Ascochyta 616

Ascophora 611

Aspidium 626

Aspleniuni 626

Asterella 624

Aster 644

Aslrseus 618

Astragalus 639

Atriplex 632

Atropis 628

Aulacomnium 625

Avena 628

Aytonia 624

AzoUa 626

Baccharis 644

Bacillus 609

Bacteria 600

Bactridium 619

Badhamia 609

Baeria 645

Barbula 635

Barley 629

Bartramia 625

Batrachopermum 623

Bay Tree 633

Beard Tongue 642

Beggiatoa 609

Bidens 645

PAGE

Bige]o\na 644

Big Root 643

Bindweed 640

Blackberry 638

Bloonieria 630

Blue Curls 641

Bolbitius 620

Boletus 622

Botrydium 612

Botrytis 617

Bovista 618

Boykinia 637

Brachythecium 625

Brassica 635

Brodlsea 630

Bromus 628

Bryum 625

Buckthorn 036

Buellia 613

Bull rush - 629

Burr Clover 639

Bursa 635

Buttercup 633

Cactus 637

Calandrinia 633

Calocylindrus 611

Calochortus 630

Calyptridium 632

Caniptothecium 625

Calvatia 618

Cauaigre 632

Canchalagua 642

Capnodium 612

Caprifolium 643

Cardamine 635

Carduus 645

Carex 629

Carrot, Wild 637

Castilleia 642

Catchfly 633

Catastoma 618

Cat-Tail 627

Caucalis 637

Ceanothus 636

Celery, Wild 637

Centaurea 645

Cerastiuni 633

Ceratophyllum 638

Cercospora 617

Cersporella 617

Cercocarpus 638

Cere us 637

Cetraria 614

Chamomile 645

Chjetiactis 645

Cheilanthes 626

Chenopodium 632

Cherry, Wild 638

Chia 641

Chick weed 633

Chorizanthe 632

Chlorogalum 631

Chroococcus 609

Chrysopsis 644

Cladonia 613

Cladophora 612

Cladosporium 617

Claopodium 625

Clavaria 623

Claytouia 633

Clematis 633

Clitocybe 620

Closterium 611

Clover 639

Clover, Sweet 639

Club-Moss 626

Coconeis 611

Cocconema 611

Coleosanthiis 644

Collema 613

PAGE

CoUinsia 642

Collybia 619

Columbine 633

Conifers 627

Conferva 612

Coniophora 623

Conium 636

Conothecium 618

Convolvulus 640

Conyza 644

Coprinus 622

Cordylanthus 641

Corethrogyne 644

Cornel 637

Corn-spurrey 633

Cornus 637

Corticium 623

Cor tin a ri us 621

Cosmarium 611

Cotyledon 637

Cottonwood 631

Crepidotus 621

Crepis 646

Croton 636

Crucibulum 6 9

Cryptauthe 641

Cryptomitrium 624

Crjptodiscus 614

Cup-fungi 613

Cucurbita 643

Cucurbitaria 622

Cuscuta 640

Cyathus 619

Cylindrocapsa 612

Cylindrosporium 617

Cymbella 611

Cynodon 62S

Cyperus 629

Cystopteris 626

Dactylis 628

Dandelion 646

Datisca 638

Datura 641

Daucus 637

Delphinium 633

Dematium 617

Dendroniecon 634

Desmids 611

Diachea 609

Diatoms 611

Diceutra 634

Dicranoweis'a 624

Diplacus 642

Diplodia 616

Dipsacus 643

Distichlis 628

Dock 632

Dodecatheon 640

Dodder 640

Dogwood 637

Drapernaldia 612

Duckweed 629

Ear-drop 634

Eccilia 620

Elder 643

Elynius 629

Emmenanthe 640

Empusa 611

Endocarpon 613

Entoloma 620

Entomosporium 6i5

Epicampes 628

Epicoccum 618

Epilobium 638

Epipactis 631

Equiselum 626

Eragrostis 628

Ericameria 644

Erigeron 644

Eriodictyon 641

648

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

PAGE

Eriogonum 632

Eriophyllum 645

Erodium 635

Erysiphe 612

Ervsimuni 635

Erythrsea 642

Eschscholtzia 634

Eucladium 624

Eucrypta. 640

Endorina 611

Euglena 611

Eulobus 638

Euphorbia 636

Eurotium 612

Eurynchium 625

Everlasting 644

Evernia 614

Exidia 623

Favolus 623

Feather-Moss 625

Fennel 637

Ferns 626

Festuca 628

Figwort 642

Filago 644

Fissidens 624

Fission Plants 609

Five-Finger 638

Foeniculum 637

Fomes 622

Fossombrouia 624

Four-o'clock 632

Frititlaria.- 631

FruUania 624

Fuchsia, Wild 638

Fuligo 609

Funaria 625

Fungi, Black 612

Fusicladium 617

Galera 620

Galium 643

Garrya 637

Gastridium 628

Geaster 618

Geranium 635

Gllia 640

Gloeosporium 616

Glonium 613

Gnaphalodes 644

Gnaphalium 644

Gnomonia 613

Godetia 638

Gomphonema 611

Gonium 611

Gooseberry 637

Goosefoot 632

Grape 636

Grass, Blue-eyed 631

Grasses 627

Grease-wood 638

Grimaldia 624

Grinimia 625

Grindelia 644

Gymnogramme 626

Habenaria 631

Hapalosiphon 609

Hazardia 644

Hebeloma 620

Hedwigia 625

Helen ium 645

Heleocharis 629

Helianthemuni 635

Helianthus 644

Helvella 614

Heniizonia 645

Hemlock, False 627

Hendersonia 616

Heteronieles 638

Heterosporium 618

Heterotheca 644

Heuchera 637

Hieracium 646

Horehound 641

Holcus 628

PAGE

Holly, California 638

Holodiscus 638

Hordeum 629

Hormiscium 617

Kornwort 633

Horse-tails 626

Hydnum 622

Hydrocotyle 636

Hydrdictyon 611

Hygrophorus 620

Hymenochaete 622

Hypholoma 621

Hypochseris 646

Hypoxylon 613

Hysterographium 613

Indian-pink 633

Indian -lettuce 633

Juglans 631

Juncus 629

Juniper 627

Jussiaea 638

Knot-grass 632

Knotweed 632

Lace-pod 634

Lachnea 614

Lachnella 6t4

Lactarius 620

Lactuca 646

Lamb's quarter 632

Larkspur 633

Lathyrus 639

Laurel Mountain 633

Layia 645

Lecanora 613

Lemna 629

Lenzites 620

Lepidium 635

Lepidospartum 645

Lepiota 619

Leptobryuni 625

Leptodactylon 640

Leptogium 613

Leptonia 620

Leptothrix 609

Leptosyne 644

LiboceSrus 627

Lichens 613

Lilac, California 636

Lilium 630

Linanthus, 640

Linaria 642

Little Club-moss 626

Liverworts 624

Lobelia 643

Lolium 629

Lotus 639

Lunularia 624

Lupin us 639

Lyngbya 609

Lycoperdon 61S

Ly thrum 63.S

Macrosporium 61S

Madia , 645

Madotheca 624

Madrona 639

Mahogany, Mountain 638

Malacothrix 646

Mallow 635

Malva 635

Manzauita 639

Maple 636

Marchantia (-24

Marrubium 641

Marsonia 617

Mastigonema 609

Matricaria 645

Meadow Rue 633

Meadow-sweet 638

Medicago 639

Melampsora 616

Melauconium 617

Melica 628

Melilotus 639

Melosira 611

PAGE

Mentha 641

Mentzelia 63S

Meridiou t-ii

Merismopedia 609

Merulius 623

Mesocarpus 611

Mexican Tea 632

Micrampelis 643

Micrococcus 609

Microseris 64,s

Milkweed 643

Mimulus '. 642

Mint 641

Mirabilis 632

Mistletoe 631

Mock-orange 643

Monardella 641

Monkey-flower 642

Morchella 614

Morning-glory, wild 640

Mosses 624

Mouse-ear 633

Mucor 611

Muhlenberg! a 628

Muilla 630

Mullein 642

Mushroom, common 621

Mustard 635

Mycena 620

Nasturtium 635

Naucoria 620

Naverretia 640

Navicula 611

Nemacladus 643

Nemophila 640

Nettle 632

Nostoc 609

Notholfena 626

Nummular la 613

Pseonia 633

Paint-brush ^42

Painted-cup 642

Palmerella 643

Panaeolus 621

Pandorina 611

Patiicum 627

Pannaria 613

Papaver 634

Parietaria 632

Parmelia 614

Paspulum 627

Pea, wild 639

Prickly Pear 637

Pectocarya 641

Pediastrum 611

PellEca 626

Peltigera 613

Penicillium 617

Peniophora 623

Pentstemon 642

Pepper-grass 635

Perezia 645

Pertusaria 613

Peucedanum 637

Peziza 614

Phacelia 640

Phalaris 627

Phallus 6iS

Phlebia 623

Phleum 628

Phlox 640

Pholiota 620

Phoradendron 631

Phragmidium 615

Phycia 614

Phyllachora 613

Phvllosticta 616

Physalis 641

Physaruni 609

Pigweed 622

Pimpernel 640

Pincushion 645

Pine 627

Placodium 6ji

DIVISION EIGHT — SCIENCE.

649

PAGE

Plagiobothrys 641

Plaiitago 642

Platanus 632

Platystemon 634

Pleurotus 620

Pluteolus 620, 621

Poa 628

Podosporiella 61S

Poison Oak 635

Polycarpon 633

Polygala 636

Polygonum 632

Poly podium 626

Polypogon 628

Polyporus 622

Polystictus 622

Polytrichum 625

Pond-Weed 627

Poplar 631

Poppy 634

Populus 63T

Pore-fungi 621

Portulaca 633

Potamogeton 627

Potentilla 638

Primrose, Evening 638

Protococcus 610

Prunus 638

Psathyrella 621

Pseudopeziza 614

Pseudotsuga 627

Psoralea 639

Pteris 625

Pterogonium 625

Pterostegia 632

Ptiloria 646

Puccinia 615

Pucciniastrum 616

Puff-Balis 618

Purslane 633

Pycnanthemum 641

Quercus 631

Radulum 623

Rafinesquia., 646

Ragweed 64^

Ramalina 614

Ramilaria 617

Ramona 641

Ranunculus 633

Raphanus 634

Rattle-Weed 630

Rhamnus 636

Reus 635

Rhynchostegium 625

Rhytisma 614

Ribes 637

Riccia 624

Rinodina 612

Rock-Rose 635

Rosa 638

Rosellinia 612

Rubus 638

Rumex 632

Russula 620

Rusts 614

Sac-Fungi 612

Sage 641

Sage, Black 641

Sage-Brush 645

Sagina 633

PAGE

Salix 631

Salvia 641

Sambucus 643

Samolus 640

Sanicula 636

Saprolegnia 612

Saxifraga 637

Scabiosa 643

Scale-Mosses 624

Scenedesmus 610

Schizophyllum 620

Scirpus 629

Scleroderma 518

Scleropodiura 625

Scolecotrichum 617

Scrophularia 642

Scutellaria 641

Secotiura 618

Sedge 629

Selagfinella 626

Senecio 645

Septoria 616

Setaria 627

Shooting Star 640

Sidalcea 635

Silene 633

Silybum 635

Sisymbrium 651

Sisyrinchium 635

Sium 636

Skull-Cap 641

Smartweed 632

Smuts 616

Snapdragon 642

Soap Plant 631

Solanum 641

Solidago 644

Sonchus 646

Sorghum 627

Sorrel 632

Sow-Thistle 646

Spanish Bayonet 631

Specularia 643

Speedwell 642

Spergula 633

SphEerella 612

Spheerocarpus 624

Sphaeropsis 616

Sphserotheca 612

Spice-Tree 630

Spikenard 637

Spirillum 610

Sporobolus 628

Spumaria 610

Spyrogyra 611

Stachys 641

Stellaria 633

Stemphylium 618

Stereum 623

Sticta 613

Stigeoclonium 612

Stigmatea 613

Stipa 628

Strephanthus 635

Stropharia 621

Sumach 635

Sunflower 644

Sycamore 632

Symphoricarpus 643

Svnedra 611

PAGE

Taphrina 614

Taraxacum 646

Tar-Weed 645

Teasel 643

Tellima 637

Tetradymia 645

Thalictrum 633

Theloschistes 614

Thistle 645

Thysanocarpus 634

Tidy-Tips 643

Tillaea 637

Toad-Flax 642

Toadstools 5i8, 619

Toadstools, Dissolving 622

Tolypothrix 609

Torula 617

Trametes 623

Tremella 623

Trichoderma 6n

Tricholoma 6ig

Trichostema 641

Trifolium 639

Trisetum 628

Tropidocarpum 634

Tubaria 620

Tumble weed 632

Tylostoma , 618

Typha 627

Ulothrix 612

Umbellularia 633

Umbilicaria 614

Urceolaria 613

Uredo 616

Uromyces -.. 614

Urtica 632

Usnea 614

Ustilago 616

Vaucheria 612

Velaea 636

Verbascum 642

Verbena 642

Veronica 042

Vetch 639

Vicia 639

Viola 635

Violet 635

Vitis 636

Virgin's Bower 633

Volvaria 620

Walnut 631

Water-Cress 635

Webera 625

WhiteCedar 627

Wild Buckwheat 632

Wild Rye 629

Willow 631

Woodwardia 626

Wood-Sorrel 635

Wormwood 645

Yarrow 645

Yerba Mansa 631

Yerba Santa 641

Yucca 631

Zannichellia 627

Zauschneria 638

Zygnema 611

Zygadenus 630

47

650 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

DIVISION NINE— SOUTH pasadena.

CHAPTER XXXIIi:

South Pasadena. — Its incorporation ; and historic events of the municipality. — Its
Schools, Newspapers, Library, Literary Societies, Post Office, Churches, Hotel,
Opera House Block, Manufactures, etc., etc.

THE CITY OF SOUTH PASADENA.

The land comprised in this corporation was part of the original Rancho
San Pasqual. See chapters i, 2, 3, 4, for important historic events which
transpired within this city's boundaries, during the Indian, the Spani.sh,
and the Mexican occupancies of the country.

The beginning of a town here was in the spring of 1885, when O. R.
Dougherty laid out ten acres of his land into town lots, and put up a neat
little building marked "South Pasadena I^and Office," at the junction of
Sylvan Drive and Mission street, which was then on the daily stage route
between Los Angeles and Pasadena. At the same time, or very soon after,
subdivisions were made by Geo. Lightfoot and others in rapid succession,
and the town of South Pasadena thus began to have a name and a place in
the world of tangible things.

When the matter of incorporating the city of Pasadena was being
agitated in 1885 and 1886, an effiart was made to have this settlement join
in the movement, but they declined. However, these people were strongly
opposed to having liquor saloons in their midst ; and within a few months
it was found that they must either incorporate so as to have police control
over their territory, or else be blotched and cursed at every eligible corner
by the diabolical traffic. And thus they were compelled by sheer necessity
for self-protection to incur the expense and trouble of forming a city corpor-
ation.

The city of South Pasadena was incorporated in February, 1888. The
first meeting of city trustees, who had been named in the articles of incor-
poration, took place in the office of Smith & Jacobs, March 8, 1888; they
were D. M. Graham, Geo. W. Wilson, A. A. Burrows, D. R. Risley, and
W. P. Hammond. Graham was chosen president. C. C. Miles had been
named for clerk, but was absent, and Mr. Wilson served as clerk pro
tern. Three ordinances were passed — No i, fixing time of trustee meet-
ings at 9 a. m. every Monday ; No. 2, place of meeting ; No. j, bonds o^
city clerk, treasurer, and marshal. And all were ordered to "be published
once in the SoiilA Pasadena Bell, a newspaper published weekly in the city
of South Pasadena."

The second meeting of the city trustees or council was on March 12.
At this meeting Captain D. R. Risley introduced and moved the adoption of

DIVISION NINE — SOUTH PASADENA. 65 1

the famous Pasadena prohibitory ordinance, just as it had been passed upon
and sustained by the state supreme court ; and it was adopted without a dis-
senting vote — to take effect March 14, 1888. It remains in full force yet,
1895, just as enacted at this meeting. However, it was ascertained later that
these first four ordinances had not gone through all the forms of procedure
laid down in the state law ; hence they had to be formally rescinded, and
then re-enacted step by step in accordance with the statute.

Under this first city council the following city officers were appointed :
A. B. Cobb, marshal, with M. B. Sellman as deputy ; attorney, W. S.
Knott ; recorder [police judge], J. A. Gates was elected, but declined to
serve, and F. H. Smith was then chosen. Treasurer, J. H. Jacobs.

The first city election was held April 9, 1888, the officers having held
their places by charter provision until this time. And all the same men
were elected to the same places, except Capt. Risley, who had withdrawn,
and E. Gardner was chosen in his stead. The trustees or councilmen drew
lots for term, and Wilson, Graham and Hammond drew the two-year seats,
while Gardner and Burrows drew the four-year seats. And the business of
the city now went on efficiently and in good shape. July 2 E. Peters was
appointed fruit-pest inspector.

At this time the city limits took in the whole of the Pasadena school
district, which extended from Columbia street south to the north line of lyos
Angeles city, and from the Arroyo Seco east to the west line of the Stone-
man ranch, or the Raymond brook and its outwash, which are called also
the "San Pasqual Arroyo " in the city records of April 29, 1889, and other
dates. Saloons had been started on Mission street, and Columbia street,
and Fair Oaks Avenue, and the adobe road — some eight or nine in all —
and now the city had to wrestle with them. Some were closed without
much trouble, but others staid to fight. And the city records of August
13, 1888, show that $23 was paid to the Pasadena Detective Agency for ser-
vices in this line. Again, April 22, 1889, $20 was allowed to the city mar-
shal, E. Peters, for payment of detectives. Thus all saloons north of the
chalk hills were finally driven out ; but those on the adobe road down
toward I^os Angeles could not be phased, and they continued to run wide
open, although nominally in a prohibition city. To get rid of this offensive
state of things it was necessary to have the city boundaries re-established,
so as to exclude the incorrigible territory.

On Jnly 31, 1889, the city council voted to call an election, to take
place September 7, on a proposition to exclude from the city limits all the
territory south of the Monterey road, etc. And it was ordered that notice
of such election "be published four weeks in the South Pasadena Citizen, a
weekly newspaper printed and published in the city of South Pasadena. ' '
On August 26 the council changed the date of this election to September 28,
to cure some technical defects in their former action. The election was held at

652 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

two polls — one in the territory not excluded, and another in the territory pro-
posed to be excluded. The polling place for this latter section was at the
Newton ranch house on the adobe road, near the bridge crossing the Arroyo
del Castillo. And the sort of people forming that saloon-ridden settlement
is pretty well indicated by the names of the officers for this election, which
were : Daniel Kevane, inspector ; Barton Qujaneck and Herman Schackow,
judges; h. W. Kevane and Domingo Batz, clerks. The vote stood in the
city, fifty-nine for exclusion, and seven against ; in the excluded territory,
twenty-five for exclusion, and none against. The result was duly certified
to the secretary of state, and the new boundaries then established continue
to this time — 1895.

February 11, 1889, M. B. Selman resigned as city marshal, and K.
Peters was appointed. April 22, an official bench mark was established,
being ' ' the top of stone coping under windows at northeast corner of the
Opera House [Graham & Mohr's brick block] on south side of Center
street — 657.86 feet above datum plane," or sea level. They had petitioned
the county board of supervisors for a justice of the peace at South Pasadena,
and accordingly F. H. Smith had been appointed for them ; then they im-
mediately made him also City Recorder [police judge] — May 27, 1S89.
The next regular city election took place early in April, 1890 ; and the
Pasadena Standard of April 19, said:

' ' The South Pasadena city election was carried with a clean sweep by
the whole ticket in favor of maintaining the anti-liquor ordinance. The new
board consists of Ed. Gardner (holds over), Leo A. Longley, W. H. Mace,
Charles Moore, S. J. Fleming; Clerk, A. F. M'Rej^nolds, re-elected; Mar-
shal, E. Peters, re-elected ; Treasurer, J. H. Jacobs, re-elected. The total
vote cast was 126 ; and all but two of the candidates received every vote."

June 26, 1893, E. Gardner resigned as member and president of the
city council, and J. P. Early was chosen in his stead. During this year also
the city had a legal contest with the Eos Angeles Terminal Railroad Com-
pany, which was charging a higher rate of fare to Eos Angeles than that
fixed in their right-of-way franchise through the city. About August i
Judge Eucien Shaw of the Superior Court, Eos Angeles, gave a decision in
favor of the city. The railroad company appealed the case to the State
Supreme Court, and this tribunal also decided against them. So they were
obliged at last to either fulfill the terms which they had agreed to in their
franchise, or else remove their trackage from the streets of the city.

The city officers in 1894-95 ^^^ ^s follows : Howard Eongley, presi-
dent of trustees ; and P. M. Green, H. J. Cone, E. H. Rust, and Frank
Stokes the other members. Isaac Peel, city marshal ; A. F. M'Reynolds,
clerk ; J. H. Jacobs, treasurer ; Geo. Gleason, recorder ; G. W. Wilson,
street superintendent ; W. E. Arthur, attorney, at call ; T. D. Allin, engi-
neer, at call. [The two latter reside in Pasadena.]

DIVISION NINE — SOUTH PASADENA. 653

THE PUBI.IC SCHOOLS.

In chapter 9, entitled "Annals of the Schools," will be found a full
account of how and when this south district became segregated from the
original San Pasqual school district, down to the building of the fine school-
house on Columbia Hill, and its conversion into the "Sierra Madre Col-
lege"— but later converted into a stately residence by C. D. Daggett, Esq.
[See pages 171-72.]

The district was formed January 7, 1878, and originally extended from
California street clear down to the north line of lyos Angeles city, under the
name of Pasadena School District; but its north line was later dropped down
to Columbia street. Its first trustees were A. O. Porter, H. G. Bennett,
I. B. Clapp, the latter being clerk. A small school-house was at once
erected near the corner of West Columbia and Hermosa street. But on June
26, 1883, the contract was let to C. B. Ripley for the big school-house on
Columbia Hill, to cost $3,925. Then on June 17, 1884, this building and its
grounds, some five or six acres, were sold at public auction and bid in by
P. M. Green for the Sierra Madre College, at $2,000. Miss Mary Phelps
was then the teacher. [For the history of this College project see page 188 .]

Earty in 1885 O. R. Dougherty and others commenced laying out the
town of South Pasadena. A large lot at northwest corner of Center street
and Oak Hill avenue was secured for school grounds ; and on March 5,
1885, a contract was let to Ridgway & Ripley to erect a school-house
thereon, for $1,550. School was opened here the first Monday in October
of that year, with Geo. W. Wilson as teacher. He taught one year, then
caught the "boom fever " and went into the real estate business. September
20, 1886, S. Shaw took the school, and taught it until the holiday vacation.
Then Miss lyOttie K. Green taught it from January 3, 1887, until the
summer vacation. The school children increased so fast that for 1887-88,
two teachers. Miss Green and Miss Belle Townsend, were employed.

August 30, 1888, this school-house was moved down to the Ivincoln
Park portion of the district, and a new and much larger building was
erected on the original school lot, with J. B. Soper as Superintendent of
construction. It cost about $10,000. For the school year 1888-89, Miss
lyily A. Martin was principal, with Miss Nellie M. White and Miss I^utie
Martin as assistants. Year 1889-90, same teachers. Year 1890-91, Miss
Martin still principal, with Miss Lizzie A. McMillan and Miss Belle Town-
send for assistants. Year 1891-92, Geo. W. Wilson, principal, with Miss
E. M. Snyder and Miss Ara Riggins for assistants. Years 1892-93, and
1893-94, same teachers. Year 1894-95, J. A. Goodrich, principal, with Miss
Snyder, Miss Riggins and Miss Elva Smith as assistants. The school has
primary, intermediate and grammar grades.

This school district now (1895) extends from Columbia street south to
the Alhambra and lyos Angeles road, and from the Arroyo Seco east to the

654 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

San Pasqual Arroyo, which was the boundary between the old Bacon or
Marengo ranch and the Stoneman ranch. The school census of April,
1894, showed 183 children of school age, and 158 were enrolled in attend-
ance during the year. The census of April, 1895, showed 184 children, an
increase of only one child — but during the year the southeast corner of the
district had been set over into the Alhambra district, its school- house being
a mile nearer to these people.

The school trustees in 1894-95 are Dr. F. A. Seymour, C. ly. Neibel
and J. B. Soper, the latter having been clerk of the board for three years

P^^^' NEWSPAPERS.

The South Pasadena Bell seems to have been started some time in Feb-
ruary, 1888, but I failed to find the exact date, as no file of it was preserved.
It was edited and published by John Sharp, who had the printing done at
L,os Angeles ; so there was no printing office in the town. I found all city
ordinances ordered to be published in this paper, up to December 24, 1888 ;
but after that it seems to have died, for its name does not occur again.

The So7dh Pasadena Citizen was started July 30, 1889, with W. D. Bridges,
editor and publisher. Its typesetting was done in the Pasadena Standard
office, then the type forms were carried to the city council room in Opera
House block (Graham & Mohr's brick building) in South Pasadena, where
O. R. Dougherty, then a member of the council, had located a printing
press, and here the sheets were printed and published. This was done to
make a valid publication of the election notice for excluding certain territory
from the original city limits, as explained before in my sketch of the city in-
corporation. The publication of the paper was continued weekly until Sept.
24 — nine numbers in all — then discontinued. The heading said: "Published
every Tuesday. Office in Graham & Mohr block." The first page was
generally made up of matter from the Pasadena Standard already in type,
while the second, third and fourth pages were occupied with local items,
articles and advertisements pertaining to South Pasadena.

The South Pasadenan was started June 8, 1893, b}^ Geo. W. Glover, Jr.,
and now for the first time South Pasadena had a real printing office of its
own. An outfit of types, press, paper cutter, etc., was procured; and Mr.
Glover himself invented a successful label gumming machine ; so that in
1895 he is issuing an excellent local paper, weekly, and is also competing
with lyos Angeles and Pasadena in some lines of job printing. From June
12 to June 18, 1894, the paper was run as a daily, to make legal publication
for a railroad franchise through the city ; also again in January, 1895, for a
similar purpose. Capital in the plant, about $1,000. Number of employes,
three. Paper published every Thursday, in six-page form.

PUBI^IC LIBRARY AND READING ROOM.

This was opened in February, 1889, in the Graham & Mohr block.

DIVISION nine; — SOUTH PASADBNA. 655

where a room was given for its use, free of rent. The South Pasadena Citizen
of August 20, 1889, pubhshed a list of 29 new books purchased for the
lyibrary. The officers then were : lyco A lyongley, president ; J. J. Young,
vice-president ; A. H. Nettleton, secretary , Mrs. Etta Longley, treasurer ;
Miss Jennie Colher, librarian. Open every evening from 7 to 9 o'clock,
and on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday afternoons from 2 to 5 o'clock.
The South Pasadena^i of December 14, 1893, published a report of receipts
and expenditures during the successive years 1889-90-91-92-93, by F. H.
IvOngley. The total receipts had been $476.05, and expenditures $475.55;
and it was announced that the library would be closed, for want of funds to
meet the necessary expenses. But friends came to the rescue. It was not
closed. And on April 19, 1894, the librarian reported a total of $116.45 re-
ceived since December ; also that the rooms had been kept open, old debts
had been paid, and some books and periodicals added on the shelves and
tables. Another report on July 5, 1894, showed visitors in April, 63 ; in
May, 96 ; in June, 98. To reduce running expenses, the room was now only
opened on Tuesdays and Saturdays from 2:30 to 5 o'clock p. m.

In September, 1895, the city council voted to make thel^ibrary a public
institution of the municipality, and appropriated $1,000 of the city tax levy
for new books and current expenses the first year. The library trustees
appointed under this new system were : Rev. A. M. Merwin, F. H. lyongley,
lyco A. Longley, James Wadsworth and Merton Keith.

LITERARY SOCIETIES.

An account of the different Chautauqua Circles that have existed here
will be found on pages 517-518. The public school has a literary society of
its own, whose officers June i, 1895, were : Mabel Hauk, president ; Gussie
Wood, vice-president ; Ruby Fell, secretary ; Sidney Smith, treasurer.

There is a Literary Club, of whose membership I obtained the following'
names : Mrs. M. C. Graham, Miss Jennie Collier, Grace Longley, Mary
Beery, Edna Smith, Ruth Dougherty, Alice Cone, Rena Neibel, Paul
Dougherty, Charles Longley, Fred Crossly.

There is a South Pasadena branch of the Lyceum League of America,
chartered as No. 1467 ; and from an article in the South Pasadeiian I gath-
erd the names of some of its members, thus: M. B. Keith, president ; R. B.
Stevens, Bert Brown, Paul Dougherty, J. F. Crossly, J. C. Goodrich, Miss
Nellie North, J. A. Wassman, Miss Grace Longley, S. E. Hatfield. No
further data obtained.

THE POSTOFFICE.

January 3, 1883, a postoffice named Hermosa, with Frank M. Glover as
postmaster, was established at the Hermosa Vista house. The name " Her-
mosa " for their postoffice proved unsatisfactory to the people of that vicini-
ty, because it lost to them the prestige of the name "Pasadena," which was
now rising into high repute, and which \h&y had secured for their school

656 HISTORY Olf PASAD]eNA.

district. So the name of the office was soon changed to South Pasadena.
Frank Glover was an invalid, and in a few months became unable to serve
the office. He then procured the appointment as postmaster of Chas. H.
Case who was teaching the district school in the diminutive first school-house
near the corner of Columbia and Hermosa street. The office was moved
from the Hermosa house over to a small building at the southwest corner of
Columbia street and Sylvan Drive, where the daily stage between Pasadena
and IvOS Angeles passed its door. This was the situation November 28,
1883, when I first visited Pasadena. Frank Glover died March 29, 1884.
Mr. Case was also an invalid ; and his wife Gertrude, a daughter of Hon. O.
R. Dougherty, did most of the work, being herself deputy postmaster. In
1885, when the S. G. V. railroad commenced to supplant the stage line in
carrying the mails, this postoffice was moved down to a small building at
the corner of Mission street and Prospect Avenue. Mr. Case died January
I, 1887 ; but a week or two before this he had appointed Geo. W. Glover,
Jr., as deputy postmaster, to relieve his wife of the care of the office during
his last days ; and he also took measures to have her duly commissioned as
his successor, so that the income of the office might be assured to her after
he had passed awa^'. She was accordingly appointed postmistress — and
held the position until January, 1890, when she resigned, and T. D. Keith
became postmaster. Then on June 3, 1892, Keith retired, and Mrs. Ida
Stevens took the place, and holds it yet — 1895.

THE CHURCHES.

About November 10, 1885, the old original Presbyterian church build-
ing on California street was removed north to Worcester Avenue. This left
South Pasadena without any religious assemblage ; and Mrs. O. R. Dough-
erty immediately took the matter in hand to organize a Union Sunday
School. In this work she secured the assistance of Miss C. M. Bishop, Wm.
Collier, Geo. A. Green, and others, Mr. Green being chosen superintendent.
But early in December the First Congregational Church of Pasadena was
organized, in the College building on Columbia hill. Mr. Green united with
this church, and was made one of its deacons, and superintendent of its
Sunday school. [See page 490.] Nevertheless, the Union Sunday school
was still maintained until it was finally merged into the Methodist church
work, about a year later. Its sessions were held in the school house, and
occasional preaching, topical talks, or lectures were had under its auspices.

THE SOUTH PASADENA M. E. CHURCH.

A class was organized November 10, 1886, with four members — ^J. B.
Soper and wife, and H. J. Cone and wife. Rev. C. W. Tarr was pastor
in charge of Garvanza and South Pasadena, and thus regular preaching was
established. April 25, 1887, this church society was incorporated, and
they went on at once to put up a church building of their own, which was

DIVISION nine; — SOUTH PASADENA, 657

formally dedicated October 30, 1887, Rev. A. W. Bunker wrote an excel-
lent original hymn for this occasion. The exercises were conducted by the
presiding elder of the district, Rev. Geo. F. Bovard, assisted by Rev. J. A.
Wood, D. D., Rev. R. S. Cantine, D. D., Rev. P. F. Bresee, D. D., Rev. C.
W. Tarr, Prof. W. P. Hammond.

In September, 1894, A. F. Mitchell donated a cottage for a parsonage,
and it was moved onto the church lot. In 1895, there are eighty members,
and the church property is estimated at $3,600. Besides the Sunday school
and the class meetings, there is an Epworth League, a Ladies' Aid society,
missionary society, etc., as auxiliaries in the church work. The successive
pastors have been : Rev. C. W. Tarr, 1886 to 1888 ; Rev. A. W. Bunker,
1888 to 1890 ; Rev. F. S. Woodcock, 1890-91 : Rev. J. D. Munroe, 1891-92;
Rev. A. W. Bunker again, 1892 94; Rev. H. J. Crist, 1894 95. The
church officers in 1895 ^re : Trustees — -J. B. Soper, W. P. Hammond, G.
W. Wilson, O. R. Dougherty, J. H. Jacobs, M. B. Reed. Stewards — Soper,
Reed, Mrs. Mary Soper, Mr. Jacobs, E. E. Barden, Martha E. Wood, A. E.
Bennett, Mrs. G. W. Wilson. Supt. Sunday School — ^J. H. Jacobs.

MEMORIAL BAPTIST CHURCH OF SOUTH PASADENA.

Organized in September, 1888, with about fourteen members, and joined
for pastoral services with the Alhambra church, of which Rev. John Heri-
tage was then pastor. He was succeeded in 1890-91, by Rev. T. E-
Crandall, under whose administration this society was incorporated Decem-
ber 20, 1890. In 1892 93 Rev. W. Gregory, D. D., was pastor of these
two charges ; and from 1893 to '95 Rev. S. K. Dexter was pastor. A church
building was erected in 1891, at a cost of about $1,000. In 1895 there are
about forty members ; and the church property is valued at $1,500. It has
a Young People's society of Christian Endeavor, and a Eadies' Aid society

as auxiliaries. Trustees : A. J. Moody, T. D. Keith, C. E- Neibel, and

ST. JAMES' EPISCOPAL MISSION.

This was commenced in July, 1893, at corner of Meridian Avenue and
Mission street. (No further data furnished.)

Note. — The Calvary Presbyterian church, on Columbia street, stands
about ten steps inside of South Pasadena limits. Its data was furnished me
by Rev. Williel Thomson of Pasadena, one of its chief promoters ; and its
historic sketch will be found on page 478.

HISTORIC WAYMARKS, INDUSTRIES, ETC.

September 16, 1885, regular passenger and freight service was com-
menced between Eos Angeles and Pasadena by the S. G. V. railroad. [See
Chapter 22.] But the first record in the matter which I found for South
Pasadena was that A. F. McReynolds was station agent on and after Feb-
ruary 10, 1886. When the railroad commenced running, of course the two
daily hack lines had to be given up. W. T. Vore's line had the contract for

658 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

carrying the mail from Los Angeles to the South Pasadena and Pasadena
oflfices, and he now arranged to bring it up on the railroad instead of by
horse vehicle as before. And this change made the special occasion for mov-
ing the South Pasadena postoffice down from Columbia Hill to a building
near the railroad station. But the railroad company itself does not appear of
record as a mail contractor until March 15, 1886, the previous arrangement
having been all in Mr. Vore's name until his contract expired.

In March, 1886, a telegraph office was first opened in South Pasadena,
with Mrs. May McReynolds as operator — a position which she still holds,
and also that of station agent in 1895.

In 1886-87 the South Pasadena hotel was built by George Lightfoot.

In 1887, while the "boom" was still flush, D. M. Graham and Dr. J.
H. Mohr let the contract for their great brick structure known as Opera
House block, which was not completed until well on into 1888, when the
boom's green leaves had begun to wilt and look very sick.

In 1889 two invalid school teachers from New England came here
for their health, and started a little business enterprise called "Women's
Preserving Union." With a common cookstove and washboiler they pre-
prepared pure fruit jellies, marmalades, etc., and put it up so nicely that it
won favor, became quite a success, and for several years gave South
Pasadena some fame abroad. They had to enlarge their facilities and em-
ploy some help, as their trade increased. But in 1891 Miss Thompson died,
and Miss Ames sold the works to a Mrs. Woodruff and daughter who con-
tinued the business a few months, then gave it up; and the enterprise has
never been revived.

Gas Engine Works. — In February, 1894, a business was commenced
by Robert S. Futhey and E. C. Steele, which developed into an establish-
ment for the manufacture of the Atlas Gas Engine, adapted to run by gas,
gasoline, or distillate from crude oil, and to furnish power for well pumps,
or for any other purpose of a stationary engine. The capital is about $1,200,
comprising buildings, tools, machinery, stock, etc. Employes, three. A
general blacksmith shop, pipe fitting, machine repairing, etc., is combined
with the engine factory.

Beer Garden. — In 1886 a man named Reinert bought a 2 1-5 acre lot
at junction of Sylvan Drive and Mission street and erected a building on it
for his family residence and a saloon. He also built an arbor, laid out
grounds, planted shrubbery, etc., for a regular Sunday beer garden business.
But this offensive establishment was driven out in 1888, after incorpora-
tion was obtained and the prohibitory ordinance put in force. Then in
August, 1893, Miss Olive Cleveland bought this ex-beer-garden property and
converted it into an orpanage or children's home— a place to save homeless
boys instead of to destroy them. [For more particulars about this "home,"
see page 522.]

DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS.

659

In 1895 the Pasadena and I^os Angeles Electric Railroad was built
through South Pasadena, from Garvanza northeastward ; and also the South-
ern Pacific Railroad branch line to Pasadena was built up across the eastern
part of this city. In the same year the Santa Fe R. R. Co. straightened and
re-graded their track through the city, to avoid a double curve in the old line
which had always been troublesome for heavy trains on the up haul ; and
the depot building was of course moved to the new short-cut track.

For account of the oil borings on South Pasadena hills, see pages 464
and 552.

F'or early historic events which occurred on South Pasadena soil, see
pages 58, 65, 67, 71, 72, 98, etc.

DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS.
CHAPTER XXXIV.

AN AFTERMATH OF FIRST THINGS.

It is an ancient saying that ' ' First Things are always historic. ' ' This
chapter is devoted to corralling a few untethered ' ' first things ' ' in Pasadena
history, which did not happen to be caught and linked in at other points, or
else here afford some new particulars not before given. This summary of
' ' first things ' ' by date shows in a striking manner how few years it has.
taken to build up such a goodly city as Pasadena now is.

The first child born in the colony was that of Geo. Wentworth, who
resided on what is now the Joseph Wallace place, with its cannery, etc.
This was in 1874. It was a girl baby, and the colonists made up a fund
and bought a baby carriage for the little lady. The second birth was that
of lyUlu Bristol, December i, 1875. The third. Lulu Conger, The y?r.y/
boy baby born was Harvey, son of Chas. H. and Millie Watts, whose
marriage was the first wedding in the colony.

The first school-house was built in January, 1875, on W. T. Clapp's
land, where Mrs. Ware's cottage now stands; and Jennie Clapp reopened

66o HISTORY OF PASADENA.

her school in this building on Januar}^ 28, 1875. It had been closed since
October, for want of room, there being twenty pupils enrolled.

The first sermon ever preached in Pasadena was in this new school-
house, the very first Sunday that it was in condition to be used, February
7, 1875, by Rev. W. C. Mosher, Presbyterian. The next Sunday, February
14, Rev. Solomon Dunton, Methodist, preached there; and at this time a
Union Sunday school was organized, with Daniel Pike as superintendent.
Also a Union prayer meeting was established there, on this Sunday or the
next, as a regular Sunday assemblage.

The first church organized in Pasadena was the First Presbyterian, on
March 21, 1875, with Rev. W. C. Mosher as pastor. The first administra-
tration of the lyord's Supper was on April 4, conducted by Rev. A. F.
White, D. D., of Los Angeles, and Mr. Mosher; and at this time Dr. H. G.
Newton and Wm. T. Clapp were duly installed as the first ruling elders.

The first marriage in the colony was that of Charles H. Watts and
Miss Millie lyocke, daughter of Major Erie lyocke, March 12, 1875. They
now reside at or near Downe}^, Cal.

The first store in the colony was started in 1875, by M. Rosenbaum, in
a small rough-board building which he had erected on west side of Orange
Grove Avenue below Colorado street, where Dr. John W. Wood's neat cot-
tage now stands. But on account of liquor being sold here, against which
the colonists most vigorously protested, the store was soon given up, and
the building rented for a Chinese wash-house ; and so this and there was
the first Chinese business started in Pasadena.

The first horticultural society in Southern California was organized by
the Pasadena colonists, early in 1875. ^^ was called " Fruit Growers' Associa-
tion," and met fortnightly in the school-house, to talk over experiences,
compare notes, report progress, quote authorities, and discuss all matters
pertaining to their new business ; for they had started a fruit colony, al-
though there was not an experienced horticulturist among them.

The first civil officer in Pasadena was I. N. Mundell, who was ap-
pointed road overseer in 1875. His jurisdiction extended from the Arroyo
Seco eastward to Santa Anita canyon, and from the north line of Los An-
geles to the mountains. He first opened or worked the "adobe road" to
Los Angeles, and several others within the district.

The first postmaster appointed was Josiah Locke, March 15, 1875 ; but
he declined to serve, and no office was opened until Henry T. Hollingsworth
was made postmaster, September 21, 1876. [See page 234.]

The first barber chair in Pasadena was established during the winter of
1876-77, by Albert S. Hollingsworth, He was a great joker; and the colony
wags made his shop their loafing place, to spin yarns, play oif jokes, or put
ridiculous waggish stories in circulation "just for fun," which sometimes
became a real grievance to innocent parties. It was said that Albert learned
his trade practicing on his brother Henry, the young postmaster.

DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 66l

The first death in the colony was that of Wm. Green Porter, aged 8
years, June 13, 1876 — son of A. O. Porter. The next death was a 4-year
old son of James Blatenburg, January 20, iSWj. The third was the son of • f^ i 7
Col. Banbury, September 4, 1877. [See page 234.] The first death of an
adult was that of Bartlett Cobb, July 13, 1878, step-brother-in-law to Mrs.
Col. Banbury.

The first double wedding took place February i, 1887, when J. H.
GifFord and Samuel S. Page were married at the same time to daughters of
John W. Wilson, by the Methodist pastor, Rev. Chas. Shelling. Giflford
now lives at Los Angeles, and Page at Alhambra.

The first " house afire " was the burning down of Thomas Banbury's
house, at Marengo Avenue and Glenarm corner, in 1878.

The first regular real estate office and business was opened by T. P.
Lukens, in 1880; and during the first three years he sold upwards of $225,-
000 worth of Pasadena property. Now president Pasadena National Bank.

In February, 1882, the first thoroughbred poultry yard in Pasadena
was started by Ed. C. Clapp, with Light Bramahs. He still sticks to his
original text in chickendoxy.

The first brass band was organized in 1882, with 15 members, and was
allowed the use of the central school house for evening practice, at first. In
speaking of it the Union of May i, 1885, says :

"The members now are as follows: Frank Newlan, (leader) solo
cornet. Hancock Banning, ist cornet. George Woodbury, 2d cornet.
Will Clapp, solo alto. Al. Howe, ist alto. Carl Freese, 2nd tenor. George
Eaton, bass. John Lowe, baritone. Lou. Winder, bass drum. Charles
Clapp, snare drum. Prof. Scovill, Los Angeles, teacher. Three years ago
it was undertaken, and of its then fifteen or sixteen members the majority
have fallen by the way. During that time they had met in the school house,
and in a blacksmith shop, and one winter in a tent. Some had walked three or
four miles to rehearse; yet in the face of these difficulties their teacher com-
plimented them with assurance that only one band in Los Angeles could
take up a piece of new music and play it equal with them."

The first photograph artist here was George Weingarth, in 1882. He
took the Pasadena views printed in the Farnsworth pamphlet of 1883, in-
cluding the one on page 167 in this volume. In 1884 Thomas G. Norton
opened a photograph gallery, but he died in '85.

The first telephone in Pasadena was put up in Williams's store in
December, 1882. Wesley Bunnell was the first person who ever talked by
wire from this town — and the historic first words thus spoken were "^ He
isn't here.'' The workman had just got the 'phone in and stepped out to
fix something about the pole wires, when the bell was rung from Los Ang-
geles, and inquiry made for the said workman. Bunnell was clerk in the
store, and he went to the 'phone and answered as above.

The first bicycle ever rode in Pasadena was in 1882, by Will Hisey —

662 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

a 46-inch Otto wooden wheel. But later in the same year Geo. H. Frost
run the streets on a 54-inch Expert Columbia wheel. And next came
Geo. W. Glover with another one like Frost's. And the first bicycle race
is thus reported by the Valley Union of December 18, 1885 :

" Geo. W. Glover, Jun., made a good run on his bicycle Tuesday after-
noon. lyCaving Lamanda station at the same time as the train, he reached
Pasadena station before the train crossed Colorado street on the way out.
Distance 3}^ miles; time about fifteen minutes."

The first drug store was opened in 1883 by Dr. Frederick Sheldon, in a
two-story frame building which he erected at the corner of Colorado and
Mills streets, and which stands there yet.

The first dentistry office was opened by John White, from Marshall-
town, Iowa, in 1883. He now resides at Redlands.

Two " first things " of the year 1883 are thus reported in the Union
of June 18, 1886 :

" Ben E. Ward commenced business in Pasadena in 1881. About the
middle of February, 1883, he opened an office in R. Williams's building,
then just completed, on the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Colorado street,
and hung out the first business sign ever exhibited in Pasadena. It bore
the legend —

JBEN E. ward]
RKAL ESTATE

In August, 1893, he .started the Pasadejia Chronicle, with his brothers Frank
and Walter as associate editors. The Valley Union is the direct continua-
tion of that first newspaper ever published in Pasadena." [See page 214.]

The first lumber yard was started by Col. J. Banbury, October 20, 1883,
on the north side of Colorado street, nearly where the Santa Fe Railroad
runs now.

The first wagon built entirely in Pasadena was in January and February,
1884. Woodwork by Charles Ryan ; iron work by ly. J. Newlan ; painting
by Kline & Zoubrodth ; trimming by J. H. Fleming. It was a platform
spring wagon.

The first bakery was opened in February, 1884, by Fulford & Crozier. The
oven was twice soaked through and caved in by excessive rains before it
could be finished and housed ; and this delay and loss got the young men so
swamped with debt that they soon had to .sell out. It was the same bakery
that has been run by Joseph Gantzer for about ten years past.

The first billiard hall was opened on Saturday, March i, 1884, by
Jerome Beebe ; and in a few weeks he added a liquor saloon. [See page 241.]

The first brick laid in the foundation of the Raymond Hotel was
on March 20, 1884. [See page 467.]

The first robbery in Pasadena was on Sunday night, April 6, 1884,
when the safe in R. Williams's store and the postoffice was broken open and
robbed of $800. No clue was ever found to the perpetrators.

DIVISION TEN — MISCELI.ANEOUS. 663

The first milk route was established in December, 1884, by ly. A. Carey.

The first bank was opened January'12, 1885, ^s the Pasadena Bank,
the same that is now the First National Bank of Pasadena.

The first express office (Wells-Fargo) was opened at Williams's store,
April I, 1885, with C. A. Sawtelle, agent.

The first public observance of Memorial Day in Pasadena was held on
May 30, 1885, and was planned and gotten up by Mrs. S. E. Merritt, the
librarian. From the Union's report I quote a few points :

" The business places of the town were generally closed, and the prin-
cipal buildings ornamented with the national colors. In the evening memo-
rial exercises were held at Williams' Hall under the auspices of the lyibrary
Association. * * * The Pasadena Band contributed several
selections, and a choir consisting of Messrs. A. F. Mills, F. B. Wetherby,
Geo. Monfort,Dr. R. K. Janes, A. F. Clarke, Miss Byram, Miss Werner and
Miss Clapp, with Mrs. Nimms as directress, rendered " Columbia, the Gem
of the Ocean," "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the boys are marching," and
"Tenting on the Old Camp Ground." There was no decoration of graves
here, and we know of no soldiers buried here."

The Union of September 18, 1885, says: "The first freight brought
over the San Gabriel Valley Railroad was a carload of seed barley to James
Clarke, September 15." But the same paper says in ajtiother place : " The
first freight delivered in Pasadena by our new railroad was a cargo of lumber
for the Pasadena Lumber Co. ' ' I think both of these shipments came by
same train — hence the confusion as to " first. ' '

The first regular railroad conductor of passenger train between Pasa-
dena and lyos Angeles was W. B. King, commencing about September 21,
1885. Morris Reeder was engineer and John D. Ripley was fireman on
this historic train.

The first mention of mail arriving by cars is in the Union of September
25, 1885 — once a day. Mail closed at 9:24 a.m.; arrived at 6:36 p.m.

The first Pullman palace car ever hauled into Pasadena was the
" Fitchburg," direct from Boston, 4,000 miles without change, via Los An-
geles, October 15, 1885 ; it had twenty-four passengers, headed by Alonzo
Tower, who afterward built the tourist home known as ' ' Marengo Hall. ' '
Frank E. and Walter R. Ward were then a real estate firm here, and they
had arranged a reception banquet for this party at the Eos Angeles House,
with plates for forty persons. Several leading citizens took part, making
speeches, etc. Prof. George Conant came with this party, and still resides
here.

The first gaslighting in Pasadena was of J. W. Wood's drug store, and
the Masonic hall then over it, in Williams's block, October 22, 1885. Mr.
Williams had put a private gas machine in a vault under ground at the rear
of the Williams Hall block, to ser^^e the entire building ; but when regular
city gas works were started, this private generator was taken out.

664 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

The first telescope observation ever made from the summit of Mount
Lowe was an eclipse of the moon, March lo, 1895, by Prof. Edward Swift
and L. G. Abbey.

CHAPTER XXXV.

Miscellaneous. — The Orange Boom. — The Roller Skating Rink. — The Whitesiders. —
The lowans. — The Prize Baby. — Local Poetry. — The Shorb Water Scare. — Wil-
liams Hall. — Etc., etc.

Emendations, and sundry belated matters.

MISCELLANEOUS.
This chapter is devoted to such odds and ends of historic memoranda, in-
cidents or statistics as seemed worth preserving for future reference, yet did
not seem to exactly fit in anywhere else among the more systematized
groupings of the many matters dealt with ; and also some additional cor-
rections, and belated matters for last chance of insertion.

THE ORANGE BOOM.

From a table of statistics gathered in 1879 for the whole San Gabriel
Valley, I have compiled the following items of historic interest for Pasadena,
from Hist. Los A. Co., p. 131 :

NAME OF PLACE. NAME OF OWNER. NO. ORANGE NO. BOXES

TREES. SHIPPED.

Pasadena Colonists 25 ,000

Mutual Orchard Mutual Orchard Co 13,650

Oak Knoll B. D. Wilson & Co 7,750 10,498

San Marino J. De Barth Shorb 1,700

Lake Vineyard Mrs. B. D. Wilson 1,100 10,002

Winston Heights W. H. Winston 2,500 3,323

El Molino E.J. C. Kewen 1,200 803

Los Robles Gen. Geo. Stoneman 1,500 579

Fair Oaks J- F- Crank 3, 000 210

Fair Oaks A. Brigden 1,300

Marengo Ranch F. P. Bacon 1,400 204

Total number of orange trees 60,100 25,619

In culling from the mass of reports I took nothing east of Santa Anita

Avenue or the Winston place, but only the orchards within Pasadenaland.

The boxes of oranges reported were the shipments from San Gabriel station

in 1879. Another report for 1893-94 said :

' ' Last season there were shipped from Pasadena eighty carloads of

oranges, or 24,000 boxes. In this city and vicinity it is estimated that there

were dried last season 4,000 tons of green fruit, principally apricots, peaches

and prunes."

In the Pasadena Star of December 24, 1891, I found a table of orange
shipments from Los Angeles county, from which I gathered this list from"
Pasadena and its near vicinity :

DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 665

STATION. NO. BOXES ORAN&ES STATION. NO. BOXES ORANGES

SHIPPED. SHIPPED.

Alhambra 43,443 Monrovia 1,998

Azusa 13,469 Pasadena 43,712

Chapman 4,168 Raymond 1,346

Duarte 32,267 San Gabriel 22,416

Lamanda Park 16,500 South Pasadena 2,708

Total for season of 1890-92 — 182,025 boxes. The shipments from lyos
Angeles city in same time were 22,826 boxes.

ROLLER SKATING RINK.

The Valley Union of October 11, 1884, said :

"The Pasadena Skating Rink will provide us with a long-felt want in
the way of a public building that will accomodate as large an audience as
will turn out on any occasion for the next five years, probably. The two
young men who enter into this enterprise, Messrs. Brinker and lyockhart,
have displayed commendable enterprise, and deserve to make it pay. The
building is 30 x 90 feet in dimensions, with a gallery over the entrance,
while a large stage, with dressing rooms on either side fills up the other end.
The seating capacity is about 600. The opening took place last Saturday
with a grand ball, which many young ladies and gentlemen attended."

The roller skating fever was then running its course through the land,
and Pasadena was well flushed with it. For several months the rumble of
the rollers could be heard for five or six squares all around, every evening,
as the devotees of that exhilarating pastime kept the skating floor in lively
use. The building stood on the corner of Fair Oaks Avenue and Dayton
street, where the Doty block is now. [See Second Citrus Fair, p. 319.]

In March, 1885, Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson, author of the famous
Southern California story entitled "Ramona," was in Pasadena a few days,
stopping at Marengo Hall, then kept by Mrs. Alonzo Tower.

In April, 1885, at the Flower Festival in lyos Angeles, Mrs. Rosenbaum
[since deceased] exhibited 150 different varieties of roses grown by her in
Pasadena. At the same time Thomas Nelmes's two children. Tommy and
Jeannie, exhibited 102 different varieties of wild flowers gathered by them
hereabouts ; and on this matter the Pasadena U^iion of May ist, said :

"The following record of the varieties of wild flowers gathered each
month for the year 1884 by the children of Mr. Thomas Nelmes, is of
interest as a matter of curiosity, as well as for its botanical value : In
January, sixty-five varieties were gathered ; in February, sixty-eight ; March,
seventy ; April, seventy-three ; May, eighty-seven ; June, seventy ; July,
sixty ; August, fifty-four ; September, fifty ; October, forty-five ; November,
forty-eight; December, fifty-six."

About the same time the same paper gave this arborial item :
"A. M. Byram has in his door-yard a white oak tree that measures
seventy-six feet from edge to edge of the circle covered by its spreading
branches. The tree is thirty-five feet high, and the trunk is four feet in
diameter. He calls his place ' Nine Oaks. ' ' '

48

666

HISTORY OF PASADENA.

THE WHITESIDERS.

The Pasadena Union of NovemBer 27, 1886, contained this report:
' ' On Thanksgiving Day a company of our residents who came from
Whiteside county, Illinois, enjoyed a picnic at the Wilson Grove. After
assembling at the grove T. A. Smith called the meeting to order, and acted
as temporary chairman on the temporary organization of an Association of
the Whitesiders. T. P. Lukens was chosen chairman of a committee to
effect such an organization, with C. G. Jones as secretary. Those present
from Whiteside county were : Dr. Utley, John Suavely, T. P. Lukens and
family, Frank Smith and wife, John Gait and daughter, Mr. Bressler and
wife, George Jones, W. H. Griffin and wife, S. H. Kingery and wife, I. N.
Van Horn and family, T. A. Smith and wife, C. W. Roberts and wife, Geo.
Dunmore and family, C. C. Bunnell and wife, Wesley Bunnell and wife,
Seraphina DeGroff and son, F. M. Smith and wife, Charles Worrell and
wife, J. E. Church and wife, Mrs. Greer and son, A. E. Cochrane and wife,
Mrs. Kate Brooks, James J. Daily and family, John Daily, James Daily, Jr.,
Wm. Burdick, Miss Carrie Roberts, Miss Aggie Smith, Clarence Bunnell,
C. G. Jones, I. B. Worrell, Mrs. E. R. Worrell, Albert Phelps and wife,
Mrs. Worth and Ed. Doty. From sixty to seventy-five in the group w^ere
photographed by E. S. Frost & Son."

PASADENIANS FROM IOWA.

January i, 1887, the lowans held a picnic at Eive Oak Park [now called
Lincoln Park] and formed a sort of organization by choosing Hon. Delos
Arnold, president; B. F. Ball, vice-president, H. J. Vail, secretary ; C. C.
Thompson, treasurer. A total of 408 lowans were reported as now residents
of Pasadena and immediate vicinity, being in numbers from different counties
as follows :

From Bremer County 25 From Mahaska County 15

' ' Cedar

" Hardin

" Iowa

" Jasper

" Johnson

" Keokuk

" Linn
Total, 408.

•45
•31
.12

•30
•13
•13

• 7

Marshall

Mills

Muscatine

Polk

Powesheik

Scott

27 other counties 65

.61
.16
.20
.46
. 6

TRIPLETS BORN.

The S/ar of November 7, 1892, reported: "A^lady of Pasadena, Mrs.
E. R. Braley, wife of the well-known fruit dealer of Raymond avenue, gave
birth yesterday to two girls and a boy, and today she is reported to be doing
well. Each of the children weighs about six pounds."

BRIDGES AT DEVIL'S GATE.

November 11, 1891, the Deputy County Surveyor, W. A. Burr,
reported : " That at the Arroyo Seco is 148^ feet long and 83 feet high ;
that over the Canyada ravine is 106.8 feet long and 59 feet high."

DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 667

PASADENA PRIZE BABY.

In June, 1889, a photographer named Downing offered a prize for the
finest baby born within a year ; and he would take a picture, free, of all
babies entered for the prize. When seventy-five different babies had been
thus entered, their pictures were all put into one great partition frame.
Then a committee was selected of three bachelors, who did not know whose
baby a single one of the pictures represented. This committee never dared
to permit their names to be made public ; but they labored three days with
the difficult task of deciding which one of the seventy-five should receive
the prize, as the "prettiest and finest baby in Pasadena." "rXve^ Pasadena
Standard o{ July 26, 1889, thus reports on the matter:

" This prize was awarded last Tuesday to Freddie Clarence Haw-
LEY, baby son of Salma W. and Sarah S. Hawley. Baby Hawley was born
in Pasadena, June 13, 1888; was baptized in the Universalist church July
22, 1888; was photographed in competition for the prize, June 25, 1889.
The prize is a greatly enlarged picture of the child, finished in oil or crayon,
as the parents may prefer, and handsomely framed. When baby's grand-
n"" other was informed of the award she wiped her spectacles and said com-
placently: "Well! well! well! I knew he was a nice baby — but I never
expected that !" And her silver hairs took on a shinier shine. Mrs. Hawley
is one of the devoted and faithful teachers in the Band of Hope ; and her
bright little boys, Milton and Frank, are often in demand to 'speak a piece'
in the Band, or in Sunday School."

LOCAL POETRY.

From its earliest settlement Pasadena has been a paradise for poets, and
I could fill a book with apothegms in verse, born of the land itself and its
local environments ; yet comparatively few of them are worth reprinting.
The following excerpt was written by Charles A. Gardner, in 1887 — and
was published some years later by the Art L,oan Association as one of its
choice souvenirs of Pasadena. It has thus gained a certain historic prestige,
and hence I quote it, adding some footnotes of explanation which will better
enable the reader to understand the subtle symbolism of its local allusions.
The poet is coming up from Los Angeles to Pasadena on the Santa Fe rail-
road, and from that outlook and uplook he sings this song :

Steaming up from out the lowlands at the closing of the day,
When the sun has furled his banners by the trail of Santa Fe,
When the drowsy god has nestled in the bosom of the west,
And the purple of his glory fills the valley of the blest.

Gleams the City of the Highlands in its beauty and its pride.
With the laurel of the victor and the orange of the bride.
Flashing out upon the vision like the bright and morning star
That the pilgrims of the Orient have followed from afar.

Above the noise of battle, in its beauty and its peace.

Its portals catch the earliest " Good Morning " from the east,

668 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

And latest benedictions and the tenderest caress

Are pressed upon its temples by the purple of the west.

Ships sail by that Highland City* in the offing of the sky
With the pennants and the orders of the Admiral on high,
Bearing nightly courses westward in a heavenly patrol,
While the thunders of their cannon by the Mother Mountains roll.

Steaming upwards from the lowlands at the closing of the day,
By the ever-shining spirals of the trail of Santa Fe,
Circling upward, ever upward, like an eagle in its flight,
From the region of the shadow to the region of the light,

Gleam the portals of the city that can never more be hid.
Flashing out upon the vision as the Roman mistress did — f
Alba Longa of the moderns in its beauty and its pride,
With the laurel of the victor and the orange of the bride.

THE SHORE WATER SCARE.

In 1890 there was a good deal of scare-talk in the Pasadena press about J.
DeBarth Shorb's grand project for making an artificial lake in Sycamore
canyon, a branch of the Eagle Rock Valley just over west of the Linda
Vista hills, and storing it with the surplus waters of the Arroyo Seco, then
piping it from the said reservoir lake down to Los Angeles. The plan was,
to take water from the Arroyo at some point higher up than any of the
Pasadena companies had filed their claims ; and it was feared that under
pretense of ' ' surplus w^aters ' ' this Shorb syndicate scheme would really tap
and train off Pasadena's water supply. Among the curiosities to be seen in
driving along the roadway of the upper Arroyo to the foot of Switzer's trail
are some tunnels through rocky spurs of the canyon wall ; and there are
also tunnels in the Linda Vista hills leading through to Sycamore canyon.
This was work done by the Shorb syndicate ; and the Staroi November 19,
1890, in deprecating this prospective raid on Pasadena's water resources,
said :

"A series of tunnels are being run through projecting hills, 7x8 feet in
dimensions, * -^ to bring water to the flat below Las Casitas ; thence by
pipes down the east bank of the Arroyo to a point below Devil's Gate, where
the Arroyo will again be crossed and the Linda Vista hills tunneled
through to Eagle Rock Valley."

Attorney W. S. Wright, on behalf of Pasadena interests made an inves-
tigation of the legal status as to water claims above Devil's Gate, and the
Star oi October 7, 1891, thus reported his findings:

" He finds several filings on the surplus waters of the Arroyo Seco ^nd
Millard canyon, made by the Pasadena Land and Water Company, the
Shorb Company, the Painter Company, the Highland Park Company, and

*I<or Pasadena's fame as a landmark at sea, see page 383— "Las Floras canyon."

t ''Alba Longa" or long white city was one of the names of ancient Rome ; and Pasadena looks
that way as one approaches it from I,os Angeles, up through the Arroyo Seco pass.

DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 669

by Gervaise Purcell. Work to hold them has been done by the Shorb
Company and the two Pasadena companies mentioned. The Shorb fihng
Mr. Wright regards as fatally defective in several particulars."

This conclusion seemed to hold good, for the Shorb company stopped
work, and their tunnels stand empty, to mystify the Arroyo traveler, or
whisper in his ear the sad memorial word, " boom."

WILLIAMS HALL.

More historic public meetings have been held in Williams hall than
any other place in Pasadena. The building was first erected during the
winter of 1882-83^ and Williams's store and the post office and the tele-
phone office was moved into the lower story. In 1885, it was added to,
and reconstructed, the following account of which I copy from the Valley
Union of November 6, 1885 :

" A new building was erected on Fair Oaks Avenue, in the lower story
of which are C. Iv. Fisher & Co.'s new store, the new post office, and the
entrance to the hall above. In the upper story is the extension to the hall,
the gallery, and a banqueting room to be used in connection with the
theater, and the Masonic hall adjoining. The entire hall is 30 x 90 feet in
size from the front of the stage to the rear of the gallery. The stage has a
beautiful drop curtain representing an actual scene from life, the " Ober-
wesel," on the Rhine, a tower built by the Romans. It is a beautiful
sketch, and presents a fine appearance, blending water, mountains and
ruins with happy effect. It was painted by the Schroeder Brothers, of Los
Angeles, artists of high reputation, who also have in hand the execution
of the scenery, which will be sufficient for all ordinary purposes. The
stage also contains all the accessories of prompter's box, gas machinery, etc.,
and is not behind in the dramatic conveniences of the theaters of larger
cities. The main hall has a seating capacity for about 350 people, and is
thoroughly lighted both by day and night. The gallery has 170 stationary
chairs. It is beautifully designed, with curved front, balcony andrail, and
like the other portions of the hall is finished in natural woods."

EMENDATIONS.

On page 39 : "August, 1814, corner stone laid for a church in Los
Angeles, but building never erected." Stephen Foster tells me this church
was built, and used ; but it was a poor, cheap adobe structure, a few rods
north of the present church site at the plaza.

On footnote, page 73. — The Lewis Hist. Los A. Co., p. 97, says:
"John G. Nichols, April 15, 1851 — first American child born in Los Ange-
les." Mr. and Mrs. Robinson tell me their child, Oscar, was born May 11,
1850, in a building on New High street, north of Temple street, which was
then in use as the county jail, Mr. Robinson being deputy sheriff and jailer
from 1849 to 1852. But this baby boy died in February, 1852, while they
were living in the Garfias house, on Main street, near First.

M. E. Wood came to Pasadena in 1876, yet his name is not given in

670 HISTORY OF PASAr)E;NA.

list of "Old settlers" prior to 1880, on pages 133 to 136. Mr. Wood
also gave three days work on the new Central School-house in 1878,
although his name is not in the list on pages 170, 171.

On page 200 : Before " Classical School for Boys," add Miss Collamer's
school, established in April, 1887, by Miss Emilie F. L- CoUamer, on Cam-
den street ; limited to fifteen pupils. Primary and grammar grades, and
college preparatory. Music and languages taught, besides all the common
English branches.

On page 223: "James G. Clarke, author." — The Arena, one of the
very front-rank American magazines, in its issue of September, 1895, de-
votes fifteen pages to Mr. Clarke and his poetry, and rates him among the
greatest of our American prophet-poets. The Arena is competent authority
in the literary world.

On page 224, Abbot Kinney, as an author should be credited with ad-
ditional works : " Tasks by Twilight : " G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York ;
1893. "Conquest of Death," same publishers, 1893. "Eucalypti: " now
in press. " Money," or the Silver Question.

And to the list of authors given on pages 223 to 226, should be added :
Norman Bridge, A. M., M. D. Contributor to medical and scientific
journals ; 20 years professor in Rush Medical College, Chicago : author of
a History of the College, now in press.

Addendum to Chapter XIII, pages 255 to 277, on the " Whisky War.'" —
On June 10, 1895, a meeting was held in the Carlton hotel parlors, to con-
sider what should be done about the prevalent disregard of the " liberal "
restrictive law as to liquor selling, for it was being daily violated with in-
creasing boldness, and dramshops were being run under cover of restaurant,
lunch counter, hotel, drug store, etc. Rev. W. H. McDougal, D. D., of
Oakland, had been invited up from Los Angeles to explain the so-called
"Oakland plan "; and after hearing him, steps were taken to organize the
"Pasadena Council for Suppression of the Liquor Traffic and
Kindred Evils." Various meetings were held ; and a special committee
was appointed to employ detectives and secure such evidence as could not
be bought, tricked, nor scared out of court. Attorney Benj. Hahn was em-
ployed to oversee the collection of evidence, and attorney George A. Gibbs
to assist the city attorney in the prosecutions. September 20, six arrests
were made ; and the committee had in hand about fifty cases altogether,
ready for prosecution. The organization is made up of representatives from
different churches and other societies, as follows :

NAME OF CHURCH CHURCH DELEGATES YOUNG PEOPLE'S DELEGATES

Methodist Rev. Clarke Crawford A. B. Stevens.

I. J. Reynolds, K. W. Wing Dr. E. A. Briggs.

Congregational Rev. H. W. Lathe Prof. A. L. Hamilton.

A. K. Nash, Geo. A. Gibbs Benj. Hahn.

DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANKOUS. 67 1

NAME OF CHURCH. CHURCH DELEGATES. YOUNG PEOPLE'S DELEGATES.

Baptist Rev. C. T. Douglass Ernest Canfield.

B. F. Simcoe Geo. N. Sroat.

Presbyterian Rev. N. H. G. Fife Robert H. Fulton

Universalist Rev. W. M.Jones P. G. Wooster.

Rev. K. Iv. Conger, D.D., Mrs. Harriet K. Fay... Prof. W. lyOree.

Christia7i Rev. H. Elliott Ward I^. H. Turner.

R. B. Colcord W. ly. Jones.

Free Methodist Rev. J. S. Phillips, M. C. Sperow.

Ind. Congtegatiofi ..^e.Y . R. M. Webster, J. B. Corson.

Friends Rev. Chas. E. Tebbetts Wm. Cox, L. Brown.

Friends, Orthodox.. Vxoi. I. N. Vail, Tilman Hobson.

Salvation Army Henry N. Farey .

Y. M. C. A Dr. Fordyce Grinnell, C. C. Reynolds, Robt. H. Fulton,

E. E- Stevenson.
Christian Alliance. Dr. J. R. Townsend, Judge C. N. Terry. -
Chr. Endv. Union.'L,. H. Turner, Mrs. A. M. Mulford.
W. C. T. U. Dr. Ella Whipple-Marsh, Mrs. Hester Griffith, Mrs.

Ellen Terpenning.

/. O. G. T. Albert Mercer, Miss Viola Weil.

Prohibition Clttb.... Jam.es Cambell, T. Hobson.

Of this body of councilors, Tilman Hobson is president. Rev. H.
Elliott Ward vice-president, Ernest Canfield secretary. Miss Viola Weil cor-
responding secretary. Dr. Ella Whipple-Marsh treasurer.

To raise funds, it was agreed that each church furnish ten cents per
member. This made the apportionment for the M. E. Church about $90.
A collection for it was taken up Sunday morning, September 22, and
amounted to $119.50. [Others not furnished, at closing of this report.]

On page 321 Maj. Horace Bell is reported as saying in a speech at
Pasadena that Eos Angeles, furnished only two Union soldiers in the war of
the rebellion. The Eewis Hist. Eos A. Co., p. 100, says : "A company of
volunteers was raised in Eos Angeles, to form a part of the 5,000 ordered
from this State."

On page 353, footnote, I give Don Juan Bandini's grandfather as
" Captain of Spanish battleship Plena at Trafalgar;" it was his own father,
Capt. Jose Bandini, who now lies buried at San Gabriel. [See page 55.]

On page 373: " Brown's Peak." — In July, 1889, a party of young folks
camping at Brown's cabin above Eas Casitas started early one morning for
a climb to the summit of Brown's peak. They were, Gordon, Mary and
Nancy Baker, Carl Raab, Mary Thompson, and Jason Brown. The Baker
youngsters were used to such trips, and they rushed on ahead, reaching the
top half-a-mile ahead of the other three. Gordon set the lunch pail which
he carried down beside a bush, just as Mary noticed some torn up earth
and big cow-looking tracks, and exclaimed, " Who in the world is keeping

672 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

COWS Up here?" Their dog " Grover " scented the tracks and went bark-
ing through the bushes where they led, but suddenly returned in skulking
terror. A crash in the bushes was heard, and a terrific roar that was like
an angry hog's grunt and an angry dog's growl mixed and enlarged. Gor-
don 5^elled, "A bear!" grasped his dinner pail and leaped down the steep
trail like seven-leagued boots. Mary didn't wait for trail track, but went
leaping and sailing over the grease-wood in a most wonderful manner, so
that those who saw her from below said she beat the aerial flights on a cir-
cus poster all out of sight, and reached the rear party in an incredibly
short time. Nancy got a few rods down the trail, but was so amused at
Mary's marvelous feats that she had to stop, brace her hands on her hips
and just laugh till she couldn't see. Meanwhile the bear, which was a
she one with two cubs, hurried her little family away in the opposite direc-
tion. Jason Brown had a hatchet and butcher knife with him, but no gun,
and he and his comrades pushed on to the summit ; but the Bakers had
seen enough, and took a rest. Jason identified the tracks of the mother
bear, who had been digging up the ground for some sort of roots, and the
tracks of two cubs; but they didn't get a sight of the animals. After return-
ing to camp the girls wrote some humorous poetry entitled "A Trip, by one
of the Triplets," in which this adventure was briefly related. All three of
those girls have since graduated from the State Normal School, and have
made a good record as teachers.

On page 403 : " Henniger Flats." — In September the Toll Road Com-
pany bought this land from Mr. Allen, and will utilize it to raise vegetables,
fruits, flowers, poultry, honey, pork and dairy products for their mountain
camp hotels, besides its use as a wildwood park and rural retiracy for guests
who prefer it. [See page 365.]

On page 408 : "West San Gabriel canyon." — In 1S91 or '92 two or
three hunters camped in the upper part of this canyon. One night a bear
was caught by the hind foot in a heavy steel trap which they had set. He
gnawed off his own leg and hobbled away on the bleeding stump, leaving
his foot in the trap. The hunters soon discovered this in the morning, and
following the bear's trail, shot him. They nailed the entrapped foot up on
a tree at their camp, and I saw it there about two years later. From this
incident that portion of the West San Gabriel has ever since been called
"Bear Canyon." But there is another place north of Mount Lowe, a large
branch of the Arroyo vSeco, which is called "Great Bear Canyon," though
for what reason I did not learn.

On page 453: Mt. Lowe Railway. —September 30, 1895, Prof. Lowe
communicated his plans, aims and wishes to the city council, in regard to
an electric railroad franchise which he had petitioned for. His purpose was
to extend the Rubio trolley section of his mountain railroad direct to Pasa-

DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 673

dena's business center, at once, so that passengers could make the trip
between Los Angeles and the mountains inside of ninety minutes, late at
night, or early morning, or any hour of day. It was found necessary to
have a line of their own, clear down to Pasadena, in order to accommodate
and handle satisfactorily the many and varied excursion parties, some of
whom want to spend an evening with the telescope, the great search-light,
the electric fountains, etc.; some want to go at short notice for a frolic in
the snow ; some want to visit the great mountain cataracts of Thalehaha,
lycontine. Grand Canyon and Alpine Falls, when they roar and plunge in
all their glory after a rain storm ; some want to witness the wierd scene of
the valley and the electric-lighted cities by night, or the strange fog-sea
with cities buried under it in early morning, without missing their business
hours at Pasadena or Los Angeles. In fact, the various elements of popu-
lar interest at this great mountain resort could not be utilized to the public
without a railroad line to Pasadena under the same management and
control, for prompt service at short notice, at hours to suit, and with any
number of cars needed to seat the company. It was also needful for
prompt transportation of supplies, or of construction or repair materials,
often required at short notice, or at untimely hours.

On page 466 : "Crematory." — The first cremation at Mountain View
cemetery occurred September 26, 1895, with the body of George A. Cherry.
Fire was maintained twenty-six hours, producing a 700-degrees uniform white
heat. Body incinerated in two hours and fifteen minutes. Ashes weighed
5 lbs. 10 oz. The procedure was managed by W. N. Van Nuys, under in-
spection of Drs. Fordyce Grinnell, D. S. Green and A. W. Bickford.

On page 494 : "Applied Christianity." — ^July — , 1895, they organized
as "The Independent Congregation of Pasadena," with Rev. R. M. Web-
ster as pastor ; and trustees — Dr. Elias Smith, chairman ; Geo. Swerdfiger,
M. F. Merritt, treasurer, Mrs. Byron O. Clark, Mrs. Theresa Harrison, Mrs.
S. K. Merritt, Miss Alma Stanford, secretary.

On page 495: W. C. T. U. — Some time in 1882 the Pasadena Union
Temperance League was organized, with James Cambell, president; C. B.
Ripley, vice-president; Chas. H. Case, secretary. On December 16, 1882,
they gave a literary and musical entertainment in the Presbyterian church,
then on California street, the program of which had been printed for them
at Maj. J. D. Gilchrist's office in Los Angeles. And it was this society
which procured and arranged for Frances Willard's lecture in Williams
hall, and provided for her entertainment at Mrs. Bangs's Arroyo Vista house.
After the lecture the chairman, Mr. Cambell, at Miss Willard's request,
appointed a committee of ladies to meet the next Sunday afternoon in the
Presbyterian church and organize a Women's Union. The committee
named were : Mrs. Rev. Mosher, Mrs. A. O. Porter, Mrs. Dr. O. H. Con-

49

674 HISTORY OF PASADENA.

ger, Mrs. James Smith, Mrs. O. S. Barber, Mrs. O. R. Dougherty, Mrs. Dr.
Lord, Mrs. James Cambell, and perhaps others. Most of these women had
young children to look after ; and lived far from the church ; and after
attending Sunday school and morning services, did not feel like going again
in the afternoon. But Mrs. Dr. Conger went, and had a delightful rest, all
free from family cares, and all by herself, in Mrs. Gen. Stoueman's nicely
cushioned pew. At the proper time she moved herself adjourned, sifie die ;
and thus ended Miss Willard's projected W. C. T. U.

On page 499 : " Y. M. C. A." — Oct. i, 1895, new officers were elected
as follows : C. C. Reynolds, president ; Dr. J. R. Townsend, vice-president ;
Robert H. Fulton, secretary.

On page 519 : " Fortnightly Club." — This society provided free public
lectures, mostly by a high order of talent. The most eminent person who
has lectured under its auspices was Prof. Joseph LeConte, the world-famed
Professor of Geology in our State University, who spoke here in the spring
of 1893. Its successive presidents have been, Prof. C. H, Keyes, Theodore
Coleman, Geo. H. Coffin. But Prof. George Conant has been the execu-
tive secretary, and chief manager of its affairs.

On page 543 : " Micaceous talc." — This is the same kind of rock from
which the Indians of the Santa Barbara Islands carved out pots, and other
dish and cup utensils, many fine specimens of which may be seen in Dr.
Palmer's very complete collection, on free exhibition at the L,os Angeles
Chamber of Commerce rooms. The material is commonly called "soap-
stone," although it is quite different from the soapstone of the eastern states.

On page 600 : "Rattlesnakes." — On July 30, 1893, old Jason Brown
went as guide for a lone tourist lady from the east who wished to make the
bridle trip from Echo Mountain to Mt. Lowe. When they reached Crystal
Springs cabin, on their return route, the lady sat down at the workmen's
camp mess-table to eat her lunch. A rattlesnake crawled out of a hole in
the mountain side only six or eight feet from where she sat. As soon as
she saw the reptile she jumped and screamed, which scared it, and it com-
menced turning to get back into its hole. Jason called to another man who
was near to stop the hole quick and not let it get back ; meanwhile he
grasped a long-handled shovel, pushed it under the snake and commenced
tossing him gently so he could neither coil himself to strike nor crawl to his
hole. Jason then called to another man to bring an empty cracker box.
This was brought, and he shoveled the snake into it, clapped on the cover,
took the box under his arm and marched on down to Echo Mountain. I
reached Crystal Springs from an exploring trip with Mr. Cameron just in
time to see Jason start off with his rattlesnake under his arm. The lady
was delighted with the adventure, and related with much enthusiasm how

DIVISION TEN — MISCELLANEOUS. 675

the snake was captured. She was assured that that was nothing for old
Jason; that he would probably next time bring in a Mountain Lion. This
rattlesnake was a fine specimen. It was kept in a cage at Echo Mountain
for a month or two ; then Thad. and Sobieski Lowe, and W. H. Brown the
electrician at the cable power house, experimented in giving it trial doses of
electricity, till they say it tied itself in a double bow-knot and went to rattle-
snake heaven.

Errata :

Page 191, bottom line : "Nov. 2, 1871 " should be 1891.
Page 251, 24th line from top : for "superior court," read supreme court.
Page 66, 25th line : 1852 should be 1853.
Page 172, 9th line : Chapter 35 should be 33.
Page 255, 4th line: for "pages 243-44," ^^^.d 248-49.
Page 368, 19th line : for " Harvard," read Telescope point.
• Page 53^, 3rd line from bottom ; for " 50 or 60 lbs.," read 100 lbs.
Page 600, footnote, 2nd line: for "in August," read July 24.

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